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To determine the effects of bilevel positive airway pressure with pressure release technology (Bi-Flex) on adherence and efficacy in children and adolescents compared to standard continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. We hypothesized that Bi-Flex would result in improved adherence but similar efficacy to CPAP.
This was a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea were randomized to CPAP or Bi-Flex. Repeat polysomnography was performed on pressure at 3 months. Objective adherence data were obtained at 1 and 3 months.
56 children and adolescents were evaluated. There were no significant differences in the number of nights the device was turned on, or the mean number of minutes used at pressure per night for CPAP vs Bi-Flex (24 ± 6 vs 22 ± 9 nights, and 201 ± 135 vs 185 ± 165 min, respectively, for Month 1). The apnea hypopnea index decreased significantly from 22 ± 21/h to 2 ± 3/h on CPAP (p = 0.005), and 18 ± 15/h to 2 ± 2/h on Bi-Flex (p < 0.0005), but there was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.82 for CPAP vs Bi-Flex). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale decreased from 8 ± 5 to 6 ± 3 on CPAP (p = 0.14), and 10 ± 6 to 5 ± 5 on Bi-Flex (p < 0.0005; p = 0.12 for CPAP vs Bi-Flex).
Both CPAP and Bi-Flex are efficacious in treating children and adolescents with OSAS. However, adherence is suboptimal with both methods. Further research is required to determine ways to improve adherence in the pediatric population.
Marcus CL; Beck SE; Traylor J; Cornaglia MA; Meltzer LJ; DiFeo N; Karamessinis LR; Samuel J; Falvo J; DiMaria M; Gallagher PR; Beris H; Menello MK. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial of two different modes of positive airway pressure therapy on adherence and efficacy in children. J Clin Sleep Med 2012;8(1):37-42.
A denotonsillectomy is the primary treatment for the childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).1 However, for children with additional medical conditions such as craniofacial anomalies or obesity, or those with persistent OSAS following surgery, positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is often required. Previous studies using objective adherence monitoring have shown suboptimal adherence to PAP in children.2–4
A number of novel methodologies have been developed to increase patient comfort, and hence adherence, with PAP. Bilevel pressure (BPAP) may feel more comfortable to patients, although it has not been shown to increase adherence in either adults5 or children2 with OSAS. Nevertheless, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical guidelines recommend BPAP for patients uncomfortable on or intolerant of CPAP.6 Other investigators have evaluated the use of pressure relief technologies to more closely mimic natural breathing patterns. The C-Flex technology (Philips Respironics) results in a slight decrease in pressure during early expiration, whereas Bi-Flex (Philips Respironics) results in pressure decrements during both late inspiration and expiration. The effects of these technologies remain controversial. Some studies in adults have shown improved comfort or adherence with C-Flex or Bi-Flex,7,8 whereas other studies have not shown significant improvements.9–12
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome often have poor adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Some, but not all, studies have shown improved adherence to PAP in adults using pressure relief technologies; however, this technology has not been evaluated in children.
Study Impact: This study has shown that PAP use results in improved polysomnographic parameters of OSAS and decreased daytime sleepiness in children, although adherence in this population is suboptimal. However, there was no improvement in adherence or efficacy using bilevel pressure relief technology compared to continuous positive airway pressure.
In children, factors influencing PAP adherence are likely different from those in adults. Furthermore, as children have lower tidal volumes and faster respiratory rates than adults; they do not always have adequate triggering and cycling of noninvasive ventilation.13 It is therefore important that new technologies be evaluated in children before they are used clinically.
We hypothesized that the use of Bi-Flex would be associated with improved adherence and similar efficacy compared to CPAP in children with OSAS. We elected to compare Bi-Flex to CPAP in this study, rather than comparing Bi-Flex to BPAP, as theoretically Bi-Flex would be the most comfortable mode of ventilation, whereas CPAP is the clinical standard of care and is the cheapest PAP option. We therefore performed a randomized, double-blinded study comparing CPAP to Bi-Flex in children with OSAS.
Consecutive children with OSAS due to any cause, aged 2-16 years, who were naïve to PAP and who were thought clinically to require PAP, were eligible. The majority had undergone prior adenotonsillectomy but had additional risk factors for OSAS such as obesity or genetic syndromes. Subjects were classified as obese if their body mass index was ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex.14
All subjects had undergone a baseline clinical polysomnogram prior to study entry. Subjects were fitted with a PAP mask and allowed to habituate to the mask for 2 weeks.2 They then underwent a PAP titration study, randomized to either CPAP or Bi-Flex. PAP is used less in children than adults, thereby limiting study samples. As data were already available in the literature regarding adherence with CPAP in children, subjects were randomized in a 3:1 fashion (3 Bi-Flex to 1 CPAP). Both subjects and study investigators were blinded to the mode used. The study was performed by a sleep technologist who by necessity was not blinded but who performed the titration according to a fixed protocol. Studies were initiated on pressure levels of 4 cm H2O for those randomized to CPAP, and 8/4 cm H2O for those randomized to Bi-Flex. Pressures were then increased by 2 cm H2O as needed for obstructive apneas and hypopneas. Titration polysomnograms were reviewed by a separate pediatric sleep physician (SB) who was not blinded but played no other role in the study. The research coordinator, statistician, and other investigators were blinded to the mode used. The PAP equipment was modified by Philips Respironics so that the 2 machines looked identical and there was no digital display of pressure settings or mode. Subjects received free PAP equipment, including heated humidification, interfaces, and tubing, the morning after the titration polysomnogram.
A phone call was made 48 h after initiation to assess use, provide support, and identify and troubleshoot side effects and barriers to use, such as nasal congestion, eye irritation, skin breakdown, equipment problems, or behavioral issues. Nasal symptoms were treated as clinically appropriate with saline, nasal steroids, antihistamines, and/or montelukast. Behavioral modification support was provided as needed.15 Another phone call was made at 2 weeks to assess the same parameters and to provide positive reinforcement. Subjects were seen on a monthly basis, and objective adherence data were downloaded using EncorePro 2 software. At 3 months, a repeat polysomnogram was performed with the subject on the prescribed pressure; pressure levels were adjusted further if needed. Subjects were provided free equipment at the end of the study.
Subjects and their caregivers completed a number of questionnaires including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale modified for children,16 and the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE).17 Other questionnaire data will be reported separately.
The study was approved by the Internal Review Board at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Written informed consent was obtained from the parent or legal guardian, and assent from children 7 years of age or older. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT00458406).
The primary adherence outcome measure was the mean number of minutes used per night at pressure for Month 1. We also evaluated the number of nights that the machine was turned on during Month 1. In addition, as some children require gradual habituation to PAP,15 we evaluated use (both mean number of minutes used at pressure per night and number of nights used) at Month 3. We also evaluated the time that the machine was turned on (but was not necessarily providing full pressure) per night for Month 1. This was done because we thought that children were more likely to have leaks than older patients due to decreased availability of appropriately sized pediatric interfaces; young children were likely to pull off the mask during sleep without the parents necessarily being aware; and children were likely to sleep through mask displacement events, as children have a high arousal threshold.18 Adherence data were analyzed continuously rather than categorically, as the ideal cutoff for PAP adherence in children is not known. For adults, adherence of 4 h/night has arbitrarily been considered to be adequate19; however, children sleep longer than adults and would likely benefit from longer PAP use.
Unless otherwise specified, data are shown as mean ± SD. Histograms and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to examine normalcy of distribution. Logarithmic transformations were applied to skewed data prior to statistical testing; in the event that the data could not be normalized, nonparametric tests were used. Differences between subjects under 2 conditions were analyzed using paired t-tests or rank sum tests, and differences between groups were analyzed using independent t-tests or signed rank tests. Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine associations between various outcomes.
The 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the mean differences between groups were constructed. For outcomes with skewed distributions, median differences and Hodges-Lehmann 95% CI for the differences between population medians were calculated.20 Observed effect sizes were also calculated. For nonparametric tests, observed effect sizes were calculated based on rank-transformed data. Effect sizes were then calculated by dividing the difference between the mean ranks of the 2 groups by the average SD of the ranks within the 2 groups. These Cohen-type estimates have been found to be unbiased for normally distributed variables, on average giving the same effect sizes as analyses of untransformed normally distributed variables.21 In addition, an alternative effect size index was calculated based on a generalization of the Mann-Whitney U statistic. This effect size measure has been labeled a probabilistic index, and provides an intuitive and simple effect size estimate for nonparametric outcome22; the formula is [2(U/mn) −1], where U/mn is the Mann-Whitney U statistic divided by the product of the 2 sample sizes.23 The resulting probabilistic index is an indication of the incremental probability of observing, for a randomly chosen subject, a higher outcome value for a Bi-Flex subject relative to a CPAP subject.
P values < 0.05 were considered significant.
The study sample size of 45 in the Bi-Flex group and 15 in the CPAP group had 80% power to detect an effect size ≥ 0.85 with a 0.05 two-sided significance level. In addition, with this sample size, the 95% CI for the difference between the 2 means had a range of 1.282 SD.
Sixty-nine consecutive families were approached for the study. Nine families declined the study: 2 because of distance, 5 because of the burden of the study visits, 1 for no stated reason, and 1 because of severe parental illness. Thus, 60 children were enrolled. Four children were subsequently excluded. One child with Down syndrome developed pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome one week after enrollment and underwent tracheotomy and long-term mechanical ventilation; one child with nasopharyngeal stenosis underwent surgery; one adolescent was institutionalized without his PAP equipment; and one child moved away after consenting but before entering the study. Thus, data are presented on 56 subjects (Figure 1). Subject characteristics are shown in Table 1. As expected based on the pathophysiology of pediatric OSAS, many children were obese and almost half had underlying major medical problems such as craniofacial conditions, genetic syndromes or neurologic disease (Table 1 and Figure 2).
Flow diagram of subject enrollment
(more ...)
The percentage of obese and non-obese subjects with varying medical conditions are shown
Study group
[i] Data shown as mean ± SD or N (%). There were no significant differences between groups.
A total of 5 subjects did not complete all aspects of the study. One of these subjects declined the 3-month polysomnogram but completed all other portions of the study. The other 4 subjects were lost to follow-up; however, 2 of these subsequently returned for clinical follow-up, and hence 3-month downloads were able to be obtained. Thus, Month 3 adherence data were available for all but 2 subjects (one in each group). Month 1 adherence data could not be downloaded for 2 children due to equipment malfunction; however, Month 3 data were available for both of these children.
Adherence data are shown in Tables 2-3 and Figure 2. There was a large variability in adherence. Most subjects attempted to use PAP on most nights, with the devices being turned on more than two-thirds of the nights for Month 1. Only 2 subjects (one in each group) did not turn the machine on at all in Month 1. However, average nightly use varied widely between subjects (Table 2), ranging from 1-536 min/night for Month 1. The average number of minutes that the machine was turned on per night in Month 1 was much higher than the mean use at pressure, with the difference averaging > 100 min per night (107 ± 118 min, p < 0.0005). There were no differences in any of the adherence parameters between the 2 groups.
Adherence data
[i] Data shown as mean ± SD. There were no significant differences between groups.
Observed effect size, standard error (SE), and 95% CI of the mean differences for key normally distributed data
* The difference between the 2 groups' means divided by their common SD.
Observed effect size (based on rank-transformed data) and Hodges-Lehmann 95% CI for the difference between population medians for nonparametric data
{ label (or @symbol) needed for fn } AHI, apnea hypopnea index.
* Based on rank-transformed data. The difference between the 2 groups' mean ranks divided by the average SD of their ranks.
** Probabilistic Index = [2(U/mn) −1], where U/mnis the Mann-Whitney Ustatistic divided by the product of the 2 sample sizes.
PAP use declined over time in both groups (for nights used, p = 0.030 for CPAP and 0.006 for Bi-Flex; for mean number of minutes used at pressure per night, p = 0.045 for CPAP and 0.598 for Bi-Flex). There was no significant difference in the decline in usage between the 2 modes.
Many of the study subjects were obese. About half of the subjects had obesity alone, approximately another 20% had obesity associated with other medical conditions such as Down syndrome, Prader Willi syndrome, or spina bifida (Figure 2). There were no significant differences in any of the adherence outcomes between the obese and non-obese subjects, and no interactions between PAP modes by obesity status on adherence outcomes.
Polysomnographic parameters at the beginning and end of the study are shown in Table 4. All subjects had adequate control of their OSAS by PAP on the titration night, with highly significant improvements in respiratory parameters compared to baseline. There were no differences in these improvements between the 2 treatment modalities.
Polysomnographic and clinical data
{ label (or @symbol) needed for fn } NOSE, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation. Data shown as mean ± SD. There were no significant differences in polysomnographic or clinical parameters between the 2 groups, either at baseline or final titration.
a p value (baseline vs final titration) = 0.079.
b p value (baseline vs final titration) = 0.012.
c p value (baseline vs final titration) < 0.0005.
d p value (baseline vs final titration) = 0.005.
e p value (baseline vs final titration) = 0.008.
f p value (baseline vs final titration) = 0.024.
g p value (baseline vs final titration) = 0.007.
Initial pressures were 8 ± 2 cm H2O in the CPAP group, and 13 ± 3 cm H2O for inspiratory pressure and 7 ± 2 cm H2O for expiratory pressure in the Bi-Flex group. There was a small but significant increase in titrated pressure at the Month 3 polysomnogram in both groups; pressures increased to 10 ± 3 cm H2O (p = 0.031) in the CPAP group and 14 ± 3 (inspiratory) / 8 ± 3 (expiratory) cm H2O (p = 0.001) in the Bi-Flex group.
There was no difference in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or NOSE between the 2 groups at baseline. There was a significant decrease in the Epworth Scale at Month 3 in subjects receiving Bi-Flex (Table 4). In the CPAP group, there was a decline in the Epworth Scale score (Table 4) that did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to smaller sample size. There was no difference in the change in Epworth between CPAP vs Bi-Flex. The NOSE score decreased on PAP in both groups; this was significant in the CPAP group (Table 4).
No subject experienced any serious complications from PAP. Minor complications included nasal symptoms, eye irritation, and skin breakdown.
As PAP is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for children < 7 years of age or < 40 lb (18.2 kg) in weight, we additionally reviewed this subgroup of children separately. Nine (16%) of the children were younger than 7 years of age, and 4 (7%) weighed < 18.2 kg. Children < 7 years of age had similar efficacy (decrease in AHI from 17 ± 13/h to 1 ± 0.4/h, with a mean change of −17 ± 13/h) compared to older children (decrease in AHI from 19 ± 17/h to 2 ± 2/h, for a mean change of −16 ± 16/h) (NS). Paired tests indicated a significant difference between AHI at baseline and AHI at final titration for both younger and older children (p = 0.018 and p < 0.0005, respectively). Overall adherence in the young children was 188 ± 133 (range 3-410) minutes per night at month 1, which was not significantly different from the older children (188 ± 164, range 1-536).
This study has shown that both CPAP and Bi-Flex were efficacious in the treatment of children and adolescents with OSAS. Both modes resulted in major improvements in polysomnographic parameters. Subjective sleepiness, as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, improved with Bi-Flex and tended to improve with CPAP. However, contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find improved adherence with Bi-Flex compared to CPAP.
Children in this study had suboptimal CPAP adherence, despite receiving free equipment, behavioral counselling, and close follow-up and support. Several other studies have evaluated CPAP adherence in children using objective adherence data, and have also shown suboptimal adherence. A multicenter study of CPAP and bilevel pressure use found that adherence averaged only 3.8 ± 3.3 h per night, with no significant difference between the two modes.2 O'Donnell et al. found that only 65 of 79 potential pediatric CPAP patients initially accepted CPAP; of those 65, a further 17 children later declined CPAP.3 Of the 50 children in whom objective adherence data could be obtained, mean use was 4.7 h/night. Massa et al. reported successful long-term use of CPAP in only 40 of 66 children.24 In contrast to these studies, Uong et al. reported better adherence in a study population limited to children 7 years of age and older.4 Clearly, current CPAP treatment options for children and adolescents are inadequate as they are limited by poor adherence.
In order to improve adherence in PAP users, attempts have been made to improve patient comfort using novel techniques for pressure delivery. Several studies have evaluated the use of CPAP versus C-Flex or Bi-Flex in adults with OSAS, with mixed results. Two studies demonstrated improved adherence with either C-Flex or Bi-Flex compared to CPAP,7,8 whereas other studies found no difference in adherence10–12 or in patient satisfaction.9 Thus, the findings of the current study, which is the first to evaluate pressure relief technology in children, are similar to most of the adult studies in showing no definite advantage to using pressure relief technology over the cheaper alternatives. The failure to detect a difference in adherence between CPAP and Bi-Flex raises questions regarding power and sample size, and also invokes the distinction between statistical versus clinical significance. It has been suggested that a moderate effect size of 0.5, or equivalently, a "one-half standard deviation" rule, is clinically significant.25 The mean differences and observed effect sizes based on parametric tests of both raw and rank-transformed data found in this study were well below these general guidelines (Table 3), and suggest that any differences between the two groups were clinically insignificant.
Subjects spent a much greater time with the PAP device turned on then with the PAP device used at set pressure (Table 4). This illustrates the importance of managing airleaks in the pediatric population. In some cases, it may be appropriate to use low-pressure alarms to alert the caregiver that a leak is present or that the child has displaced the mask.
PAP is known to cause nasal symptoms. However, in the current study, nasal symptoms on PAP were decreased from baseline. This was probably due to the combination of heated humidity and aggressive medical treatment of nasal symptoms.26
PAP is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for children younger than 7 years of age or weighing less than 40 pounds, although PAP interfaces have been approved down to age 2 years. Nevertheless, PAP is used widely in children of all ages2–4,24,27–29 as the alternative is often tracheotomy. In this study, children younger than 7 years of age had similar efficacy and adherence to older children, and no serious adverse events, suggesting that PAP use is safe and efficacious in young children.
In summary, this study has shown that Bi-Flex is as efficacious as CPAP in treating OSAS in children and adolescents, but does not result in improved adherence. Adherence was disappointingly low in the pediatric patients. Further research is required to determine ways to improve adherence, but these are unlikely to be related to technologic advances alone.
This was an investigator-initiated (CLM) study funded by Philips Respironics. All data collection, statistical analyses and manuscript writing were performed by the investigators independent of Philips Respironics. Dr. Marcus receives research support from Philips Respironics. The other authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
The authors thank the patients and their families who participated in this study, and all the sleep technologists at the Sleep Center of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia for their help with this study.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics. 2002;109:704–12. [PubMed]
Marcus CL, Rosen G, Ward SL, et al., authors. Adherence to and effectiveness of positive airway pressure therapy in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e442–51. [PubMed]
O'Donnell AR, Bjornson CL, Bohn SG, Kirk VG, authors. Compliance rates in children using noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure. Sleep. 2006;29:651–8. [PubMed]
Uong EC, Epperson M, Bathon SA, Jeffe DB, authors. Adherence to nasal positive airway pressure therapy among school-aged children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e1203–11. [PubMed]
Reeves-Hoche MK, Hudgel DW, Meck R, Witteman R, Ross A, Zwillich CW, authors. Continuous versus bilevel positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151:443–9. [PubMed]
Kushida CA, Chediak A, Berry RB, et al., authors. Clinical guidelines for the manual titration of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4:157–71. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Aloia MS, Stanchina M, Arnedt JT, Malhotra A, Millman RP, authors. Treatment adherence and outcomes in flexible vs standard continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Chest. 2005;127:2085–93. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Ballard RD, Gay PC, Strollo PJ, authors. Interventions to improve compliance in sleep apnea patients previously non-compliant with continuous positive airway pressure. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3:706–12. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Mulgrew AT, Cheema R, Fleetham J, Ryan CF, Ayas NT, authors. Efficacy and patient satisfaction with autoadjusting CPAP with variable expiratory pressure vs standard CPAP: a two-night randomized crossover trial. Sleep Breath. 2007;11:31–7. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Nilius G, Happel A, Domanski U, Ruhle KH, authors. Pressure-relief continuous positive airway pressure vs constant continuous positive airway pressure: a comparison of efficacy and compliance. Chest. 2006;130:1018–24. [PubMed]
Pepin JL, Muir JF, Gentina T, et al., authors. Pressure reduction during exhalation in sleep apnea patients treated by continuous positive airway pressure. Chest. 2009;136:490–7. [PubMed]
Bakker J, Campbell A, Neill A, authors. Randomized controlled trial comparing flexible and continuous positive airway pressure delivery: effects on compliance, objective and subjective sleepiness and vigilance. Sleep. 2010;33:523–9. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Liner LH, Marcus CL, authors. Ventilatory management of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006;18:272–6. [PubMed]
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Koontz KL, Slifer KJ, Cataldo MD, Marcus CL, authors. Improving pediatric compliance with positive airway pressure therapy: the impact of behavioral intervention. Sleep. 2003;26:1010–5. [PubMed]
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This chapter describes how to completely remove Oracle software and configuration files related to the specified Oracle home using the Deinstallation Tool.
deinstall command removes the Oracle Database Client installations.
Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle recommends that you use the deinstallation tool to remove the entire Oracle home associated with the Oracle Database, Oracle Clusterware, Oracle ASM, Oracle RAC, or Oracle Database client installation. Oracle does not support the removal of individual products or components.
It includes information about the following topics:
Downloading the Deinstall Tool for Use with Failed Installations
The Deinstallation Tool (
deinstall) is available in the installation media before installation, and is available in Oracle home directories after installation. It is located in the
$ORACLE_HOME/deinstall directory.
deinstall command uses the information you provide, plus information gathered from the software home to create a parameter file. You can alternatively supply a parameter file generated previously by the
deinstall command using the
–checkonly option, or by editing the response file template.
Caution:When you run the
deinstall command, if the central inventory (oraInventory) contains no other registered homes besides the home that you are deconfiguring and removing, then the deinstall command removes the following files and directory contents in the Oracle base directory of the Oracle Database installation owner:
Oracle strongly recommends that you configure your installations using an Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) configuration, and that you reserve Oracle base and Oracle home paths for exclusive use of Oracle software. If you have any user data in these locations in the Oracle base that is owned by the user account that owns the Oracle software, then the
deinstall command deletes this data.
The command uses the following syntax, where variable content is indicated in italics:
deinstall -home complete path of Oracle home [-silent] [-checkonly] [-local] [-paramfile complete path of input parameter property file] [-params name1=value name2=value . . .] [-o complete path of directory for saving files] [-tmpdir complete path of temporary directory to use] [-logdir complete path of log directory to use] [-help]
Oracle recommends that you run the deinstallation tool as the Oracle software installation owner. The default method for running the deinstall tool is from the deinstall directory in the Oracle home as the installation owner:
$ $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall/deinstall
Provide information about your servers as prompted or accept the defaults.
deinstall command stops Oracle software, and removes Oracle software and configuration files on the operating system.
Note:You must run the deinstallation tool from the same release to remove Oracle software. Do not run the deinstallation tool from a later release to remove Oracle software from an earlier release. For example, do not run the deinstallation tool from the 184.108.40.206 installation media to remove Oracle software from an existing 18.104.22.168 Oracle home.
In addition, you can run the deinstall tool from other locations, or with a parameter file, or select other options to run the tool.
The options are:
Use this flag to indicate the home path of the Oracle home to check or deinstall. To deinstall Oracle software using the
deinstall command in the Oracle home you plan to deinstall, provide a parameter file in another location, and do not use the
-home flag.
If you run deinstall from the
$ORACLE_HOME/deinstall path, then the
-home flag is not required because the tool knows from which home it is being run. If you use the standalone version of the tool, then
-home is mandatory.
Use this flag to run the command in silent or response file mode. If you use the
-silent flag, then you must use the
-paramfile flag, and provide a parameter file that contains the configuration values for the Oracle home to deinstall or deconfigure.
You can generate a parameter file to use or modify by running
deinstall with the
-checkonly flag. The
deinstall command then discovers information from the Oracle home to deinstall and deconfigure. It generates the properties file, which you can then use with the
-silent option.
You can also modify the template file
deinstall.rsp.tmpl, located in the
$ORACLE_HOME/deinstall/response folder.
Use this flag to check the status of the Oracle software home configuration. Running the command with the
-checkonly flag does not remove the Oracle configuration. The
-checkonly flag generates a parameter file which you can then use with the
deinstall command and
-silent option.
Use this flag on a multinode environment to deinstall Oracle software in a cluster.
When you run
deinstall with this flag, it deconfigures and deinstalls the Oracle software on the local node (the node where
deinstall is run). On remote nodes, it deconfigures Oracle software, but does not deinstall the Oracle software.
complete path of input parameter property file
Use this flag to run
deinstall with a parameter file in a location other than the default. When you use this flag, provide the complete path where the parameter file is located.
The default location of the parameter file depends on the location of
From the installation media or stage location:
From a unzipped archive file from OTN:
After installation from the installed Oracle home:
-params [
name 2=
value . . .]
Use this flag with a parameter file to override one or more values to change in a parameter file you have already created.
complete path of directory for saving response files
Use this flag to provide a path other than the default location where the properties file (
deinstall.rsp.tmpl) is saved.
The default location of the parameter file depends on the location of
From the installation media or stage location before installation:
From a unzipped archive file from OTN:
After installation from the installed Oracle home:
complete path of temporary directory
Use this flag to specify a non-default location where Oracle Deinstallation Tool writes the temporary files for the deinstallation.
complete path of temporary directory
Use this flag to specify a non-default location where Oracle Deinstallation Tool writes the log files for the deinstallation.
Use the help option (
-help) to obtain additional information about the command option flags.
If you require the Deinstallation Tool (deinstall) to remove failed or incomplete installations, then it is available as a separate download from the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) website.
To download the Deinstallation Tool:
Go to the following URL:
Under Oracle Database 11g Release 2, click See All for the respective platform for which you want to download the Deinstallation Tool.
The Deinstallation Tool is available for download at the end of this web page.
As the
deinstall command runs, you are prompted to provide the home directory of the Oracle software to remove from your system. Provide additional information as prompted.
Use the optional flag
-paramfile to provide a path to a parameter file.
In the following example, the
deinstall command is in the path
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/deinstall, and it uses a parameter file in the software owner location
# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/deinstall/ # ./deinstall -paramfile /home/usr/oracle/myparamfile.tmpl
If you enter the deinstall command outside of the
$ORACLE_HOME/deinstall folder, then help is displayed, unless you enter a
-home flag and provide a path. If you run the deinstall command from the
$ORACLE_HOME/deinstall folder, then deinstallation starts without prompting you for a home address.
You can run the
deinstall command with the
-paramfile option to use the values you specify in the parameter file. The following is an example of a parameter file, in which the Oracle Database binary owner is
oracle, the Oracle Database home (Oracle home) is in the path
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/, the Oracle base (where other Oracle software is installed) is
/u01/app/oracle/, the central Oracle Inventory home (
oraInventory) is
/u01/app/oraInventory, and the client is
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory CRS_HOME=false HOME_TYPE=CLIENT silent=false local=false LOCAL_NODE=node1 ObaseCleanupPtrLoc=/var/tmp/install/orabase_cleanup.lst. LOGDIR=/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1


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Contains Sulphites.
A commune in the Côte de Nuits district of Burgundy capable of producing excellent quality red wine, which is typically described as being a halfway house between its neighbours - the richer Gevrey-Chambertin and the lighter Chambolle-Musigny. There are four Grand Cru vineyards, from north to south: Clos de la Roche 16.9 ha, Clos St-Denis 6.6 ha, Clos des Lambrays 8.8 ha and the monopole Clos de Tart 7.5 ha, plus a small strip of Bonnes Mares overlapping from Chambolle Musigny. There are some good premier cru vineyards, among the best known include Les Ruchots, Clos de la Bussière (monopole of Georges Roumier), Les Millandes, Clos des Ormes, and Les Monts Luisants. The commune is also capable of producing excellent quality whites, but they are very rarely seen. Bruno Clair's En La Rue de Vergy is one example, another is Domaine Ponsot who produces a white from Chardonnay blended with a proportion of Pinot Blanc that had mutated from Pinot Noir vines.
Pinot Noir is the classic grape of red burgundy, whose greatest wines are concentrated in the east and south-east-facing clay/limestone hills of Burgundy's Côte d'Or. A notoriously temperamental variety, Pinot Noir has proved difficult to grow in certain climates and soils and will not tolerate over-cropping. The best examples have wonderfully expressive aromas and thrillingly pure bitter sweet red forest fruit and cherry flavours, developing truffle and game overtones with age. At their greatest they offer a lightness with intensity and are transparent enough to magnify the characteristics of the terroir in which they are grown. Outside of Burgundy, Pinot Noir has had great success in New Zealand, coastal California, Oregon, Hemel en Aarde in South Africa and the more marginal, cooler districts in Australia. Along with Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir is also one of the major components of Champagne.
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Welcome to the online home of Dante's Gypsy Circus, a collaborative of dancers, artists and entertainers who share a passion for fire, performing dangerous feats with beautiful flare.
Use the tabs at the top of this page to learn about who we are, how to contact us, and more. Scroll down or take a peek to the right to read our blog, and make yourself at home. Dante's Gypsy Circus was in full force from 2007 until 2013. Members of our ensemble are still available for hire for fire dancing performances or classes.
New Endeavors
Recently, several of our dancers have created a brand new performing arts group called Hathor's Flame. Catch their next show — stay in-the-know by liking Hathor's Flame on Facebook! And, another member is in the process of writing a creative fiction novel based on her experience as a fire eater and tribal belly dancer. Follow Cherie Dawn on Twitter and visit her fire arts blog if you love to read about fire, dance, and passion.
Photo courtesy of Matt Sprinsky


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Triflin: Cop Poses As His Twin Brother Just To Get Some From His Brother's Girlfriend! (She Finds Out Its The Wrong Guy When She Doesn't See A Tattoo Of A Cowboy On His Buttocks While Having Sex)
AP reports "A Connecticut police officer has been charged with sexual assault and placed on administrative leave for allegedly posing as his twin brother to have sex with a woman"
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The woollen scarf comes in a rib-knit design.
Jack Wolfskin is among the leading providers of functional outdoor apparel, footwear and equipment in Europe. The fundamental idea behind all Jack Wolfskin products is to combine the best possible functionality with great comfort.
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Bilstein B16 PSS9 - Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W211) (03.02+)
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I think when debating people, this has and will come up so although not a new discussion here goes...
I've often heard people say, atheism means a lack of a belief in god/gods which is a disbelief in god/gods which is the same thing as the belief that god/gods do not exist. Yet atheists say atheism is not a belief at all, "we do not believe in anything". Is this all just semantics? Is this worth talking about yet again? Do people get confused by this?
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That's the English way. The OED, ostensibly the best reference on english, is based on deriving meanings from instances of use. See Winchester's book, The meaning of everything (http://www.amazon.ca/Meaning-Everything-Oxford-English-Dictionary/d...).
This doesn't happen in every language. EG: French is defined by a specially selected group of linguists who prescribe what French is.
Which way things are done seems to be a matter of culture rather than science, so far.
Atheism is not the belief that deities do not exist. It is the lack of a belief that they do exist
But that's the same thing no? belief of -x = non-belief of x.
Theism = X
Disbelief = -X
Atheism = 0
I think we're our own worst enemies on this one. We want the religious community to understand what atheism really is, but depending on how we view it individually, we play the semantics game which only seems to confuse the matter even further.
I don't know if there's really a good solution. It's such an individual belief that it can be perceived a little differently by each person. As long as the basic premise of godlessness is there, I don't know that it really matters.
I'm not sure it's worth discussing any further. I'm sure we'll see some rather long-winded justifications for why one is more correct than the others. At this point it just becomes a game of mental masturbation.
I agree. I also think theists get off on confusing us about it "So you DO have a belief blah blah blah".
And btw, masturbation mental or otherwise isn't a bad thing. ^-^
Ha, so it all comes down to how one gets their jollies ;) I think we may have found the commonality that will bring both sides together!
Here in the Bible Belt, USA, most mainstream believers do not think about the semantics of the definitions. In fact, I have had to tell several individuals what the word "atheist" means. I simply say, "it's someone who does not believe a god exists". Then, of course, I get the quick shocked expression, quickly covered by either a, "Hey, everyone is entitled to their beliefs," or some other attempt at acceptance of the term in association to me.
Truth be told, I personally only encounter this issue with the definitions here....online, that is.
"Lack of belief in gods" can imply that atheists have a mental deficiency that keeps them from the normal state---belief. I would agree with this if the deficiency atheists have is gullibility, and "the normal state of belief" equates to "the normal state of being brainwashed" or "herded like sheep for fleecing".
"Disbelief in gods" has the same sort of ring to it; many online theists will equate "disbelief" to "denial". Which is fine by me if I am denying the existence of a being that does not exist.
"Belief that gods do not exist" suggests that what atheists possess is a belief. At this definition, I really must roll my eyes. Stephen Hawking told of a god named Bumba (believed to exist by the Boshongo people of central Africa) that created the earth, sun, moon, stars, and animals by vomiting them when he had a tummyache one day. Now that you know of this, have you developed a "belief" that Bumba isn't real? Of course not; you simply do not believe the story.
But the real question is, is the question revelent? Or does it take the focus off of the real topic?
Here is a point that I am not going to dance around:
To theists: Science could have it all wrong; atheists could be baby-killing monsters; scientists could be money-grabbing and power-mad; Richard Dawkins could be the vilest man on the planet. None of this would make your god real!!!! So, stop with the manipulative play on words to distract your sheep, or to try to get skeptics of your faith off-topic, and show evidence for your god, or continue to look like an idiot.
That's my view, anyway.
I like that view Kim. Yes we could be wrong, and don't claim to be absolutely right about anything, but if we are wrong, it still would not mean your god or any god exists ergo the proof is still on the believer.
I really do think non-religious people should just classify themselves under that, non-religious. After all, there are religions out there without any belief in Gods, and the people of that religion are considered atheists too.
It can be confusing, but it's important to be consistent.
(My doctorate involved using a lot of logic, so this is something I'm rather accustomed to.)
Atheism implies either "disbelief" or "lack of belief" depending on which dictionary you read, so that's the likeliest cause of the confusion.
Etymologically, "atheism" is "without theism", or "without belief in gods." But just because person x doesn't believe in god doesn't mean the god doesn't exist. This kind of atheism is a little more than agnosticism - basically saying "I don't know" - by making theism irrelevant. More like "I don't care" than "I don't know." That is, if you can have a life without theism, then theism is irrelevant.
To not believe proposition p is not the same as believing p is false (or "not p"). You can not-believe a proposition that may in fact be true and still be considered sane. But if you believe a proposition is false when it is actually true, then you're deluded or just plain nuts.
There's also the burden of proof thing. If you don't believe p, then you can still go ahead and prove p. If you believe not-p (p is false), then burden of proof is off you and onto those who believe p.
The real danger is when, in a discussion, parties start mixing the different possible definitions of atheism. That's bad reasoning and nothing good will ever come of it. I certainly don't mind that the word "atheism" has multiple senses - most words do; but that's no excuse to think one can swap senses at whim.
Obviously, knowing what a "belief" is matters too. That's off-topic here, but I'll just suggest this: we "know" less than we think we do, and there's a range of robustness for beliefs that is much broader and more finely grained than most people think.
Just as there are different understandings of the various world religions, there are different understandings of the position we casually refer to as 'atheism.' The term 'Christianity' is not used to signify any one particular belief system, there are hundreds of ways to be a Christian. Why should we expect atheism to be any different?
My favorite way to categorize atheistic belief is that proposed by the philosopher Michael Martin: Positive/Negative Atheism. One is a belief that one has (i.e., there is no supernatural god), and the other is the mere absence of a certain belief (i.e., that a supernatural god exists). For more, see the link below.
John Wilkins also wrote a lot about this at EvolvingThoughts.
http://evolvingthoughts.net/2011/07/atheism-agnosticism-and-theism-... is the last of those posts, with links to the previous ones. Worth reading.


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FALUN, Sweden (March 23) – Kikkan Randall (Anchorage) remained in her third overall position Saturday after the women's 10k classic as the mini-tour heads into its finale on Sunday in Falun, Sweden. Randall extended her lead over Norway's Kristin Stoermer Stiera to 112 points, but with fellow Norwegians Heidi Weng and Marit Bjoergen climbing in the standings, the finale will prove to be a fierce battle for the overall third spot. Saturday's race, stage three of four in the mini-tour, found Randall over a minute back in 19th place with teammate Liz Stephen (East Montpelier, VT) just behind in 21st. Norway's Marit Bjoergen won the race and led the Norwegian sweep.
After stage three of four in the mini-tour, Kikkan Randall remained in her third overall position as the tour heads into its finale on Sunday in Falun, Sweden. Here she is (black) at World Champs. (Sarah Brunson/U.S. Ski Team)
Kikkan Randall
It was kind of nice to be racing alongside Steira today, knowing that she wasn't scoring a bunch of more points over me. It's going to be a real battle tomorrow for me to score enough points to stay ahead of both Bjoergen and Weng. I would love to hang on for third place overall. I must fight for every place tomorrow.
The top 10 (Sunday) is achievable if I can start off aggressively and try to bridge the 15 seconds gap. There are lots of good skiers close behind also so it's going to be a good battle. I will try a go after as many places as I can.
Today was a decent race for me. I felt more improvement over where I've been with my distance racing the last several weeks but I'm not quite back to the form I had at the beginning of the season. The pace was quite high from the start. The opening few minutes felt okay but then I felt a little unfamiliar with holding that high pace in the middle of the race. It was really helpful for me to ski with Liz during the second and third laps. Her tempo was a little higher and it was the kick I needed. Towards the end of the race I still had good power in the movements and skiers were starting to come back to us.
Chris Grover, Head Cross Country Coach
Overall we are satisfied with the day. It wasn't our strongest performance, but we had four in the points. The women will come back strong in skating tomorrow. With third in the World Cup at stake, Kikkan will be racing as hard as possible tomorrow. Good race for Continental Cup leader Rosie Brennan today - much more competitive.
Men's Results
Women's Results
Men's Mini-Tour Standings
Women's Mini-Tour Standings
Men's World Cup overall standings
Women's World Cup overall standings


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About Ferin
I'm a mechanical engineer looking for work right now. Used to work for a company that made ac units for data centers. That was cool.
I'm not sure I get the logic here. I can kinda see allowing the suit if there's evidence that the rating company deliberately mislead the people involved somehow and that lead to them suffering harm. That would make sense to me at least.
But the article seems to say she's only looking at who got the ratings, and I don't understand why that matters.
Interesting interview, can't wait to read the book.
I think in the end it's a clash of viewpoints. Craigslist is taking the long view and realizing if it does what everybody thinks it should to maximize profits RIGHT NOW that it will shorten it's overall lifespan drastically. They're looking to maximize over the long term, and that's something wall Street just doesn't do much of anymore.
I really only dislike the RIAA as a business because of their business decisions. They saw their customers embracing a new technology that liberated the music or other media from any one format and drove distribution cost down to almost nothing. And instead of looking forward and embracing the technology, they decided to do everything in their power to simply halt technology in its tracks right there.
I dislike any business when the only things I hear about are all the great new services and technologies they've tried to shut down to protect their own obsolete business practices. I don't have a problem with people making a buck, but I do have a problem with somebody desperately lashing out at progress cause they can't learn to adapt.
can you scale down the max film to fit it onto a normal screen without making it look really bad though? I thought that there were some problems trying to do that?
Ah, my point was simply that fans and officials are already getting upset over things that seem, at least to me, rather trivial so I don't see a problem in adding gambling to that list.
Perhaps a better example would have been my family's constant assertions that when OSU plays in the... PAC 10, PAC 12? that the officials from those schools always rule against us.
It just seems to me that people already tend to decide that things going against their team are less than on the up and up, at least in some cases, So I don't see that gambling is going to suddenly make that an issue.
To be honest I couldn't care less about our city's one daily (Columbus Dispatch). If I want to see some local news I'll either check one of our 4(!) local stations r pull up the weekly rag (the other paper ftw). Breaking news comes faster on tv, and the other paper is a hell of a lot more objective and interesting to read.
If somebody actually gets hired, solely based on being a frequent FIRST! commenter, I think I will cry.
Isn't this the sport where they were ready to bring out torches and pitchforks over one team video taping the practice sessions of another? (I am sadly, not that into sports, forgive my lack of specific knowledge.)
I'd say that they're well past the stage of "gambling fans to question whether an erroneous officiating call or a dropped pass late in the game resulted from an honest mistake or an intentional act by a corrupt player or referee".
The way I look at it, Apple isn't in the business of selling apps or music. They're in the business of selling ipods. You get an ipod, and all this stuff that makes your life better comes on it. It breaks maybe a couple years later, what are you gonna do? Toss all the effort and money that went into your ipod down the drain, or buy a new one and start over right where you left off?
They don't really care about app revenue, or music revenue. The real money is in selling the devices they come on.
Saw on another site that the Youtuber who uploaded it received info from NOM in the take down request. Apparently they say some of the audition tapes that were shown in the MSNBC segment were of actors that were not used, and thus NOM did not have them sign all the proper releases.
Not sure what to make of it, myself.
It's actually a rather interesting idea, possibly it was classified previously and the army or whoever gave up on it?
Nifty idea though, I wonder if it would work or not?
I can't wait to see this deployed. You know there has to be some obnoxious, stinking animal or bug out there that will think this thing is emitting a bloody mating call, and that will be the end of it.
And btw, I do consider country music to be a violation of human rights.
Ok, when I first heard about this, it was that he couldn't use his blackberry due to concerns about it's security. A reasonable idea. The service isn't controlled by the government, fine. But every successive story I've seen the blackout gets wider and wider.
Does anyone have an acutal straight answer? Is he giving up the crackberry, or all E-comms? And why the hell could the Whitehouse's internal email servers not be secure enough for the president to use, at least for day to day business?
"something like building a new airplane from within a troubled airplane that's flying at 40,000 feet, getting it to fly from the air, and then moving people from the troubled airplane to the new one"
I'm gonna spend all day thinking about how to make that work now.
It is kind of an interesting proposal I guess, but I think you're right that it's too damn risky.
I always figured if you thought something like this was a good idea it was good indicator of your conversational skills.
I'm still not always clear that this is something to be cheerful about. An artist on one of the sites I visit had some of her work used, without attribution, by a company making clothes for Wal Mart.
I kind of get your point about everybody building on other's work, but it still bothers me a bit that she recieves no credit, not even a damn link on thier site or her name on the the shirt to get some more exposure.
The artist did cheerfully admits she apes Don Bluth's artistic style closely, and she puts the images up as a hobby on an art site, but she still felt kinda bummed about the whole episode.
I guess on some level I'm still not sure that there shouldn't be some kind of acknowledgement or something for somebody's work, provided freely or not.
Unbelievable. Why does anyone think this is somehow better tahn the damn butterfly ballots from florida? Screw instant results. Go back to a handcounted paper ballot system, monitored by both parties and independants, and make people get marked with permanent ink or something to rpevent extra voting. It sickens me to think that there are third world countries more capable of running an honest election than the US is.
I'm not sure theft charges wouldn't apply. It sounds like there's some possibility that the kids meant to take these things and sell them for cash. Certainly the assault and battery charges should apply, but I'm not sure you can't call this theft on some level, or at least bring it up as an issue.
Hooray for obscure cartoon references.


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My thanks to Tom Wilmoth of the Bedford Bulletin for making me aware of this opportunity to hear a man whose work I have long admired. A few weeks ago (Feb. 27th), because of Tom's "heads up", I was privileged to hear Dr. Lincoln Brower's lecture on the amazing migratory phenomenon of the monarch butterfly. The lecture was given at Sweetbriar College, where he is research professor of biology.
Prof. Brower's educational and career credentials are impressive,to say the least. He earned his B.A. in biology at Princeton University in 1953, then went on to receive his PhD in zoology at Yale University four years later. Subsequent years were spent at Oxford University, Amherst College, the University of Florida, and finally here at Sweetbriar College in Virginia. He states that he has "been a student and admirer of the monarch for more than fifty years".
His present area of research, and the topic of his lecture, is the migration, overwintering, and conservation considerations, of the monarch butterfly. He is currently recognized as a world leader in this field of research. Prof. Brower bigan by emphasizing that it is not the existence of the species which is currently endangered, but the fantastic journey made each year by part of the species. Numerous articles and TV specials have aroused public interest in this uniquely North American spectacle of millions of one species of butterfly flying from wintering sites in the mountains of central Mexico acoss the United States to Canada and then returning to the same winter spots the following fall. Because the entire journey takes a full year, three or four generations of butterflies are required to complete it. This means that while the butterflies have been inactive for the five months spent in their winter site, when spring arrives they must now begin their long flight north. They breed and lay eggs as they go, so that there will be a new generation to follow them. This new generation will continue on the route their parents have taken, laying more eggs for the next generation. finally to turn about and start the trip back. This is a cycle that has been repeating itself for an unknown number of centuries.
Dr. Brower spoke, and presented eye catching photos, of, Mexican wintering sites where millions of monarchs cling, unmoving, to fir trees, completely covering the trees, from November through most of March. So far as has been discovered through aerial surveys, there are only twelve such sites in a relatively narrow band of mountains, where all of the monarchs we see here in the eastern U.S. go to spend the winter. If these sites are lost, the entire population of migrating monarchs will be lost. Sadly, the butterflies which have flown so far are still in danger in these oyamel fir forests high in the mountains of Mexico. In their dormant state they are easy prey for birds that can tolerate the toxic chemicals these butterflies have accumulated in their bodies from their caterpillar diet of milkweed. Weather, also, may destroy many. His research has shown that they they are most vulnerable to cold accompanied by wet. Under this combination many will freeze. In one tragic winter most of those wintering in several sites died, falling to the ground below and creating a coating eighteen inches deep of dead and dying butterflies.
Sadly, even though, in 2008, the area was recognized as a UNESCO "World Heritage Site', trees in and near the monarch refuge continue to be cut and used as lumber illegally. In addition to this loss of winter habitat, a variety of challenges to the migratory population exist in the U.S., where the breeding population depends on milkweeds for the caterpillars to eat and nectar producing flowers for the adults to fatten on for the long journey. Numerous groups promote the planting of milkweed in "butterfly gardens". When I asked Dr. Brower whether this seemingly small effort had any hope of saving the dwindling phenomenon of the monarch migration, he pointed out the political nature of many of the threats to it, and added "keep up the noise level".
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By Art Lander, Jr.
Ky. Dept. of Fish & Wildlife Resources
The heat of summer is a good time to begin thinking about fall plantings to benefit wildlife.
Winter wheat is a top choice for a fall crop because it is readily eaten by deer and wild turkey and is an excellent nurse crop for clover. Winter wheat is typically planted Aug. 15 through Oct. 31.
Broadcast wheat seed with a hand-crank spreader and rake or disk it under.
Any campers out there?
I mean real campers. Not those of you who load fresh towels and toiletries into a 40- or 60-foot long recreational vehicle and hit the road for places unknown or maybe known.
Whether you know where you're headed or not, the "RV thing" is not camping.
The Anderson County archery teams had strong showings in the National Archery in the Schools Program national tournament, held May 10 in Louisville.
Sixth-grader Brandon Aldridge earned the championship of the elementary competition, scoring 292 out of a possible 300. He was 26th overall out of nearly 9,500 archers from 40 states.
When water temperatures warm into the 70s, it's catfish time across Kentucky.
Families can take a free test drive of fishing fun during the first weekend of June.
Kentucky celebrates free fishing weekend across the state June 1-2. It's been an annual event since at least 1992.
Moms, dads, grandparents, extended family and out-of-state visitors all can sample Kentucky's fishing opportunities without having to buy a license or permit during this weekend. Size and creel limits on the number of fish that angles may keep still apply, however. Anglers may keep trout without possessing a trout permit during free fishing weekend.
Allow me to rant a little about the recent Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife's annual elk "drawing."
As you can probably guess, neither I, nor anyone I know of as of this writing, was drawn for any of the tags again this year. I vowed before buying a license for the 2013-14 seasons that I would not "donate" another $10 of my hard earned money to a flawed system but I did anyway hoping for one last opportunity after all these years.
The just completed Memorial Day holiday served as the unofficial start of recreational boating season in Kentucky.
Boating safety officials with the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources are urging everyone who plans to be on the water to keep safety in mind. About 90 percent of all boating accident victims die as a result of drowning.
By Lee McClellan
Ky. Dept. of Fish & Wildlife
I have an old friend who was reluctant to go wading in streams for smallmouth bass for many years.
"The fish are too small," he said.
The Anderson County Sportsman's Club held its annual Youth Turkey Hunt on April 6-7. The event was hosted by Ky. Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources officers David Goodlett, Jason Wells, Joshua Robinson, and Sgt. Phillip Crane.
Thirty youth between the ages of 10-15 participated. Six successfully harvested a turkey.
Rapidly changing weather can play havoc on early spring fishing.
The possibility of cold fronts, rain and sunny afternoons, all in one week, often make it difficult to correctly time a fishing trip. But, the one true constant of spring fishing is that ponds and small lakes warm up before larger bodies of water.
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The Anderson News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lawrenceburg, KY and the surrounding area.


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HOLLEY, N.Y.—Authorities say a nun faces grand larceny charges after more than $100,000 was stolen from two western New York churches where she worked.
District Attorney Joseph Cardone tells The Buffalo News ( http://bit.ly/Xdrp1E ) that Sister Mary Anne Rapp is scheduled to appear in Kendall Town Court on Monday night to answer to the charges.
The newspaper reports that the money was stolen from Catholic churches in two rural parishes between Buffalo and Rochester.
No other details have been released.
The nun's attorney, James Harrington, told the newspaper he couldn't comment on the case.
The attorney for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo says Sister Mary Anne was placed on administrative leave more than a year ago after an audit conducted by the diocese turned up irregularities.


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Climate.Culture.Change Film Series
Film Series
Monday, 8 August 2011 - Monday, 29 August 2011
Goethe-Institut Washington, GoetheForum
Original language with English subtitles
+1 (202) 289-1200
In cooperation with The Goethe-Institut and the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Worldwatch is hosting a film series at the Goethe-Institut Washington. This film series highlights the social dimension of climate change: human beings as cause, victims, and the key to finding solutions. A panorama of interconnections, from the causes of climate change to possible solutions, from the individual to society, from local to global contexts, using a variety of film styles. Films will be presented by Worldwatch researchers.
- The Bill (Die Rechnung), August 8, 2011
Introduced by Erik Assadourian, Transforming Cultures Project Director
- The Wheel (Das Rad), August 15, 2011
Introduced by Alexander Ochs, Climate and Energy Program Director
- So What Are You Doing About Climate Change? (Was machst du gegen den Klimawandel?), August 22, 2011
- They Will Come to Town, Before the Flood: Tuvalu, Above Water (Über Wasser), August 29, 2011
Introducted by Robert Engelman, President
Visit the Goethe-Institut website to buy tickets.


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The mother of Jason Patric's son has been granted a one-year restraining order against the actor.
Patric has been locked in a battle with his ex-girlfriend Danielle Schreiber over access to their 3-year-old son Gus, after donating his sperm so she could realize her dream of becoming a mom in 2009.
In 2012, Patric had to file for joint custody after the couple split, because U.S. law recognizes him as a sperm donor with no paternity rights.
The actor lost his bid earlier this year, and he has since filed an appeal and is awaiting a decision.
Meanwhile, Schreiber attained a restraining order on Thursday against Patric, prohibiting any contact from him.
He tells "The View," "For 10 months I've been emailing her lawyers letters, texts, anything to see my son.
"I've been sending her articles about what happens when a father is absent from a child's life… She found that harassing and lecturing to her. She goes to a judge and those are unwanted communications, so I am not now allowed to communicate with the mother of my child."
Patric isn't alone in his paternity battle – Ben Affleck, Matt Damon and Mel Gibson recently joined the star at the inaugural Stand Up for Gus fundraiser in Los Angeles and donated money to his cause.


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Reflections on Terra Madre and the Quillisascut Farm
By Amy Grondin
Walking my dog each morning through the fields near my home gives me a chance observe the changes that turning seasons bring. Today there was a definite nip in the air signaling for me that autumn was seriously taking hold and the summer that many say wasn't had passed. If you are a farmer, you see the changes in your own fields as crops come in and out of season. For shoppers, the offerings displayed in Farmers Market stalls act as indicators of the changing seasons. Summer sweet berries give way to crisp apples, thin skinned summer squash are replaced by their hearty, thick fleshed winter cousins and delicate greens and shoots fall back for chard, kale and collards that cascade in green-purple waves on market tables, awaiting their turn in a sauté pan.
For me the coming of fall also finds me planning ahead for winter yet remembering the experiences and tastes of the past summer. One of the finest experiences, loaded with sun ripe flavor and hands on experience, was my week spent in early August at the Quillisascut Farm School for the Domestic Arts in Rice, Washington for the Second Annual Slow Food Youth Workshop.
The first Slow Food Youth Workshop was proposed in October 2008 by Quillisascut Farm owner Lora Lea Misterly while attending the third Terra Madre gathering in Torino, Italy. Terra Madre is an international celebration of sustainable small scale food producers. It is hosted biannually by Slow Food International. At Terra Madre, religion, language barriers and debates are all set aside, not because the organizers ask that these differences be checked at the door, but because what is shared in common by the multicultural participants is so very powerful. All that attend Terra Madre are striving to preserve, foster and share their own unique way of producing sustainable food that is good, clean and fair.
During Terra Madre's proceedings a challenge was issued by Slow Food USA Leader Josh Viertel for all in the room to bring Terra Madre home. Folks were asked to bottle up the energy and inspiration that was generated by the 5,000 people who were brought together from far reaching corners of the world. Once back home, how would each attending continue their work to produce good, clean and fair food while inspiring other to become a part of the sustainable food network?
The Slow Food Youth Workshop would be Lora Lea Misterly's way to bring Terra Madre home. People between the ages of 18 and 29 would come to Quillisascut Farm for a week of learning first hand where their food comes from and how to embrace the seasonality of local goods. How lucky were Kim Bast and I to be standing next to Lora Lea at Terra Madre when she hatched the idea to host a workshop on her farm! While our status as youth had been officially dropped a while back, our role would be to assist at Quillisascut while learning with others through shared agricultural and culinary tasks.
Back home in Washington, with two Slow Food Youth Workshops completed, I happily report that a total of 22 Slow Food Youth representatives have visited the Quillisascut Farm. They have willingly taken on the duties of caring for goats and poultry, learned about organic gardening and had first lessons in making cheese with farm fresh goat milk. They have cooked meals together using the fruit, vegetables and meat raised on the farm, and have been overheard expressing their pleasure that the sustainably grown food they had followed from the field to the plate actually tasted better! Energized and relaxed at the same time by the rhythm of life on the farm, all shared increased awareness that our differences are our strengths and that respect, sustainable, biodiversity, community and enough are more than words – they are concepts to live a life by.
Much more than sustainable food was cultivated during the time spent on the Quillisascut Farm. And we have much to share! This past August four of the people attending the second annual Slow Food Youth Workshop were from Seattle. Two attending the workshop were sponsored by Slow Food Seattle - Andrew Heimburger from Seattle Culinary Academy and Erica Carre from FareStart – and two were sponsored by their workplaces – Ryan Stoy from Rainier Club and Anna Bazzi from TASTE at SAM.
These four exceptional individuals have agreed to work together with me to plan an event that will allow Slow Food Seattle members to meet them, hear their stories from the Quillisascut Farm and raise funds to send others from the Seattle area out to the Quillisascut Farm School for Domestic Arts in Rice, WA for the third annual Slow Food Youth Workshop in 2011! Stand by for updates and event details in November…But until then, please enjoy this recipe created by Chef Karen Jurgensen while teaching at the Quillisascut Farm School for Domestic Arts:
Jacob's Cattle Bean, Kale and Chèvre Soup
The goat cheese adds a delicious tang to this comforting soup. The heavy cream binds the beans together and makes the soup thicker, so resist the urge to substitute whole milk or half-and-half. Because of the high fat content, this soup freezes well. Note: Canned beans are not a suitable substitute as the beans make their own stock and sauce.
Makes 8 servings
2 cups (about 12 ounces) Jacob's Cattle beans or other white beans, rinse and soak overnight (3 parts water to 1 part beans, soaking water reserved)
2 tablespoons salt
2 tablespoons (¼ stick) unsalted butter
1 medium carrot, diced
1 celery stalk, diced
1 medium yellow onion, diced
2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
1½ cup tomato purée
1 cup chopped preserved roasted red peppers (store-bought is fine)
1 bunch black kale (or other kale), about 8 to 10 leaves, stemmed and chopped
2 dried bay leaves
1 tablespoon dried thyme
1 teaspoon red chili flakes
1 cup heavy cream
1½ cups (about three-quarter pound) soft goat cheese
1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
Kosher salt
Put the beans and soaking water in a large stockpot over medium-high heat. Bring to a boil and skim foam from the beans. Reduce the heat to a gentle simmer and add the salt (the water should taste lightly of salt). Cook about 1 hour, until the beans are soft in texture and creamy in flavor.
Meanwhile, in another saucepan, melt the butter over medium heat and cook the carrot, celery, yellow onion and garlic, until the mixture is soft but not brown. Stir in the tomato purée, red peppers and black kale. Cook for 4 to 5 minutes and add salt to taste.
When the beans have finished cooking, stir in the vegetable mixture, bay leaves, thyme and chili flakes. Cook for about 20 minutes, then add the heavy cream, goat cheese and black pepper. Cook for 15 minutes more, then season to taste with salt.
Variations: In summertime use fresh tomatoes, peppers, and thyme. For a lighter minestrone-style soup, leave out the heavy cream and goat cheese.
— Recipe excerpted from Chefs on the Farm: Recipes and Inspiration from the Quillisascut Farm School for the Domestic Arts by Shannon Borg and Lora Lea Misterly with recipes from Karen Jurgensen and photography by Harley Soltes (Skipstone).


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29 Pembroke Road
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