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Chuck Norris, Bakery Defender
Remember the Chuck Norris Facts phenomenon that blew up several years ago?
"There is no theory of evolution. Just a list of creatures Chuck Norris has allowed to live."
"Chuck Norris doesn't sleep. He waits."
And so on? Well, naturally some of these made their way onto cake:
I haven't heard much about the Norris craze lately, so I assumed it had blown over. Turns out I was wrong: it just blew over to Croatia, as I learned recently from Neatorama.
See, according to the Croatian Times, a bakery there has effectively scared off all would-be burglars by placing a "life-sized" photo of Chuck Norris in their window:
At any rate, the pint-sized power-house's photo seems to be working: employees claim they haven't had a robbery in over a month, which they attribute to would-be thieves' "respect" for Chuck Norris.
Sure, that could be it. Or - and I'm just throwing this out there - perhaps thieves "respect" hacksaw-packing nut jobs jonesing for some carbs. Just a thought.


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Selena Gomez Issues Two Exclusive Nicole by OPI Nail Polish Gift Sets for Holidays [PHOTOS]
The holiday season is the perfect time to get your nails done. The infinitely stylish Selena Gomez can help you with that endeavor. The singer and actress is issuing two limited edition Nicole by OPI nail polish gift sets for the holiday season, and both are super, duper pretty. Your digits will look divine, slightly goth and vampy.
The sets are available this month and each includes a Gomez-inspired lacquer and a free mini bottle of silver Gumdrops, which is also limited edition and is a matte, textured shade. The only place you can get the mini vial is with the Selena sets. They are meant to be mixed or worn a la carte.
The sets are available at Ulta, CVS, Kmart, Duane Reade and more! If there is a Selena fan in your life, the release of these sets should make your holiday shopping a little easier, perhaps?
Most stylish and fashionable celebs have their own perfumes and/or cosmetic endorsements to aid in marketing their image and brand to their fanbase, and Sel is no different. It's pretty much par for the course, like, you know, releasing an album or making a concert t-shirt.
Hey, at least you get to have pretty purply or crimsony nails, right?


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Football season is back! Finally, after seven months of the bad taste in our mouths that came with the AFC Championship game loss in Pittsburgh, we get to see our Ravens take the field once again.
Seeing those ugly burgundy and….yellow(?) uniforms lining up at M&T Bank Stadium will bring back fond memories of last December 7, when the Ravens beat up on the Redskins in sub-zero temperatures in prime time.
The thermometer won't be the only thing drastically different when Washington and B'More knock heads at 7:30 this evening though. Sure, kickoff temps will be about 60 degrees warmer, but much more interesting is that instead of seeing teams fighting for playoff spots, this time around we will be watching individual players competing for jobs.
So what are some of the most interesting position battles to watch for the Ravens? Let's take a look…
While many NFL towns would give a collective yawn at the prospect of a battle for the placekicker position, here in B'More, where we have grown all too used to winning games 3 points at a time over the years, we know the importance of a good leg.
But in 2009, for the first time in franchise history, that good leg won't be attached to the hip of Matt Stover. Steve Hauschka and Graham Gano will vie for one spot all preseason, and their performances in these games will go a long way to determining which of the two dons purple on September 13, and which is hoping to be picked up off the waiver wire.
By all accounts, the two have been neck-and-neck in Westminster, making the four "exhibition" contests all the more crucial. Hauschka is set to work the first half, with Gano doing the honors in quarters three and four. They will be judged on kickoff distance (Matt Stover's weakest point late in his career), and on, of course, making their field goal attempts. Keep a close eye on both kickers, and how they perform both tasks tonight.
Inside Linebacker
While it seemed a given entering training camp that Ray Lewis would be lining up next to "Little Ray," Tavares Gooden against Kansas City on Opening Day, but Jameel McClain and rookie Dannell Ellerbe have other ideas. The two have both played well in training camp, and have made it a three-horse race in the battle to replace the departed (*tear*) Bart Scott.
According to Mike Preston, Ellerbe has been extremely impressive "between the tackles" (read – against the run), while McClain is the best of the three at pressuring the quarterback, and Gooden has the most range. It will be interesting to see which of the three has their name called the most on broadcasts tonight and over the next few weeks.
Running Back
The bulked-up Ray Rice has been getting most of the reps with the starters in training camp, and was expected to win the job of #1 back. However, Willis McGahee has shown an improved work ethic in 2009, and has not let himself be pushed to the back burner quite yet. And of course, there is last season's leading rusher, Le'Ron "Pain Train" McClain, who, despite promises from Cam Cameron to be used more in the traditional fullback role this year, will demand his share of touches.
The Ravens will undoubtedly be a RB-by-committee again in '09, but the three will engage in a healthy competition to determine who receives the lion's share of the carries.
For the third RB spot, Jalen Parmelee has had a good showing at McDaniel College, but will be challenged by 6th-round draft pick Cedric Peerman.
Wide Receiver
Saving the most talked about position on the Ravens for last, we come to the WR situation.
With starters Mark Clayton (hamstring-out), Derrick Mason (finger – questionable), and Demetrius Williams (hamstring – questionable), set to see minimal reps, Kelley Washington, Justin Harper and Marcus Smith will see plenty of "burn" tonight, and have the chance to catch passes from Joe Flacco in live game action.
With those three playing early, the lower rungs of the depth chart will get more chances than they usually would. Jason Foster, Eron Riley, and Ernie Wheelright will have plenty of opportunities in the second half to show that they belong in purple and black.
A very interesting guy to watch will be Yamon Figurs. Figurs, the Ravens' former unquestioned return specialist, seems to be out of a job, and a roster spot, with the signing of Chris Carr. He will have to prove that he can line up and run routes, something he has thus far been unable to do, save for a long TD reception in Houston last season.
While admittedly not completely exhaustive, that's probably a long enough list of things to pay attention to in tonight's game. Because, hey, even with so much going on, it's still preseason, after all, and nobody expects you to watch four quarters with your notebooks out.


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Figs and Leaves Soap
Mark's sister is a yoga teacher. Being in touch with her, let's say 'spiritual side', Mark thinks that she has some rather 'interesting' beliefs – one of which is that she believes that everyone has a guardian angel. Some years ago, she told Mark that their Aunty Joy was his guardian angel. He found this more than a little disconcerting, because as much as he liked his Aunty Joy, he didn't necessarily like the thought that she was always hanging over his shoulder in whatever he did! One day though he decided that her in honour, he would make a perfume called Aunty Joy. He had fond memories of her - she used to come to his Nan's house and bring him comics every Saturday.
Mark's very proud of this fragrance. He thinks it's probably one of the nicest soap fragrances he's ever done for a soap. In addition, he really likes the soap itself. Figs are incredibly moisturizing and make a lovely soap for the skin. We always put the whole fruit in (did you ever think otherwise!) – those spotty bits you can see are the fig seeds. Mixed with aloe vera, it makes a really wonderful soap for the face and body.


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Explore our set of fascinating facts about Americans and their relationship with work.
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Your guide to America's six living generations


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Hello Friends is a useful and popular app for Windows Phone that enables consumers to add photos of contact stored on the device to the lockscreen and create the same mosaic effect that's utilised on the People Hub Live Tile. As well as being available for Windows Phone 8 (with the added lockscreen support), Hello Friends is also downloadable for Windows Phone 7 hardware, but lacks automatic functionality.
We previously looked at Hello Friends when it was bumped to version 3.0, but the app has been updated since so what's new in the latest release?
The developer has taken a lot of feedback into account, which has shaped the new release to feature more functionality and customisable options for consumers to make use of. Hello Friends 4.0 sports addons that can be combined with the collage to add more content to the lockscreen. We're familiar with some of the extras, which are present in other lockscreen apps, but it's good to see everything in one app.
This additional functionality is now present in the customise screen. In this current version (4.0) there are to new addons available:
- Weather - displays information on current known location (GPS required)
- Battery - reads the status of the battery with remaining charge percentage
Transparency for said addons is configurable as well. More addons are planned to be added into the app to allow further customisation without the need to use multiple apps. But that's not all as Hello Friends also sports additional colour effects, one being a high contrast mode. Lastly, users can alter the margin of images in each and every template.
A number of bugs have been squashed, making version 4 well worth the upgrade and a rather massive update. If you haven't tried the app out already, we strongly urge you to do so - a free trial is available.
You can download Hello Friends for $1.29 (£0.99) from the Windows Phone Store. It's stated that Windows Phone 7 users can expect an update soon.


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Netflix and its Baltimore-based "House of Cards" made history Thursday as the Primetime Emmy Award nominations were announced in Los Angeles.
It was the first time a series not presented on over-the-air broadcast or cable TV was nominated in the major categories.
"House of Cards" offered a new business model for the TV industry when it debuted in February with a full season's worth of episodes streaming online.
And while the money part of the model is still being debated, the artistic excellence of the series was affirmed with nominations in some of the biggest categories: best drama, Kevin Spacey for best dramatic actor and Robin Wright for best dramatic actress.
Spacey and Wright play the husband and wife team at the heart of this dark drama about political power in backstage Washington. David Fincher, director and executive producer, was nominated for best direction in a drama.
"All of us at 'House of Cards' are honored by the nominations," said Beau Willimon, writer and executive producer. "It's such a thrill to have the collective efforts of our talented cast, crew, designers, directors and writers recognized by the Television Academy. We're proud to call Maryland our home and to work with such wonderful local crews and vendors."
"We couldn't be happier that the hard work of the stellar creative team and talent has been recognized for their exceptional efforts." said Modi Wiczyk, co-CEO of Media Rights Capital, the company that packaged and produced the series.
"This recognition from the Emmys confirms that producing high-quality programming allows a series to speak for itself, regardless of the platform, and Netflix is a great home for premium content," he added.
Overall, Netflix earned 14 nominations -- nine of them for "House of Cards."
"We are overwhelmed with 14 nominations and honored by a warm welcome which corroborates what we have always believed, that great television is great television regardless of where, when and how it is enjoyed," said Ted Sarandos, Netflix chief content officer. "We are so proud of our series creators and their groundbreaking work on 'House of Cards,' 'Arrested Development' and 'Hemlock Grove.'"
In the best drama category, "House of Cards" will be going up against: "Breaking Bad," "Downton Abbey," "Game of Thrones," "Homeland" and "Mad Men." Last year's Emmy went to "Homeland."
Spacey will be competing with: Hugh Bonneville ("Downton Abbey"), Bryan Cranston ("Breaking Bad"), Jeff Daniels ("The Newsroom"), Jon Hamm ("Mad Men") and Damian Lewis ("Homeland").
Wright will be facing: Connie Britton ("Nashville"), Claire Danes ("Homeland"), Michelle Dockery ("Downton Abbey"), Vera Farmiga ("Bates Motel"), Elisabeth Moss ("Mad Men") and Kerry Washington ("Scandal").
A re-tooled "Arrested Development" did not do as well for Netflix, but Jason Bateman was nominated in the best comedy actor category.
While 14 Emmy nominations is a big breakthrough number for Netflix, it hasn't yet changed the TV game -- not by a long shot. Perennial Emmy winner HBO earned 108 nominations.
There was more Maryland flavor to the HBO nominations, with "VEEP," which is also produced in the Baltimore area, making Emmy history.
The savvy political satire was nominated as best comedy with star Julia Louis-Dreyfus being nominated as best actress. The former "seinfeld" star won the Emmy last year in this category.
With his year's nomination, her 14th, Louis-Dreyfus broke Lucille Ball's record as the most nominated comedic actress in Emmy history.
"Although I'm thrilled with these nominations, we're keeping the champagne on ice a little while longer," "VEEP" series creator and executive producer Armando Iannucci said in an emailed statement. "For constitutional reasons 'Veep's nominations have to be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate. People tell me that usually doesn't take long."
Supporting actor and actress Tony Hale and Anna Chlumsky received nominations as well.
"I am completely floored," Hale said in an emailed statement. "I can't believe I'm on a list with all those talented guys. And to have Julia, Anna and the show nominated...this is nuts. Very very grateful."
Casting director Pat Moran, a Baltimore legend for her hometown work that dates back to the earliest John Waters and Barry Levinson productions, was also nominated for her work on "VEEP." It was her eighth nomination. She has won twice, including last year for her work on HBO's "Game Change" made-for-TV movie.
"It never gets old," Moran said Thursday. "I'm still overwhelmed -- and I keep scratching my head. But I have a great team here... and there are some great actors to chose from in the Baltimore and Washington area."
Reacting to the major nominations for the two Baltimore-made series, Moran said, "Last year, it was 'Game Change' and 'VEEP.' This year, 'House of Cards' and 'VEEP.' I'll tell you what, you come to Baltimore to make your movie or show, and we'll get you some gold. At least, we'll get you to the dooor of some gold."
Meanwhile, "Phil Spector," an HBO film produced by Levinson and Tom Fontana, the team that made "Homicide: Life on the Street" in Baltimore, earned top nominations in the best movie or mini-series category. It also picked up nominations for best actor and actress in a movie or mini-series for Al Pacino and Helen Mirren.
Moran won her first Emmy for casting on "Homicide."


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A place to showcase your Reef tank masterpiece. Show us your reef tank or marine fish tank, tell us about the aquarium equipment used and the corals, fish and inverts you keep.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
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In Search of a Life
Join Date: Jan 2004
Location: San Antonio Tx.
Casino cash: $34554
City might pull plug on mans holiday light spectacle
Are you a fan of private homeowners holiday light spectacles that draw huge crowds?
Gawkers come by the busload to see the Prairie Village house that owner Mike Babick has turned into a Christmas spectacle over the past 47 years.
Children gape at the thousands of twinkling lights. Grownups stare with joy and amazement at the hundreds of holiday figures and the robotic elves toiling away.
Elves with hammers, Babick said. Elves with saws. Elves with candy canes. Elves with...
Elves aplenty. Reindeer out the wazoo.
Yet Babicks house at 7611 Falmouth St. may no longer be a must-see stop on the unofficial holiday lighting tour of Kansas City.
This week the Prairie Village City Council passed an ordinance that, Babick says, might make it unaffordable for him to carry on the tradition this Christmas. And hes mighty bitter about it.
It stinks, he said Tuesday. Theyve killed Christmas for me. Just killed it.
City officials say that was not their intent in passing regulations Monday night that would require permits for any special event lasting five days or more that is likely to or does in fact generate crowds ... sufficient in size to obstruct, delay or interfere with the safe and orderly movement of ... traffic.
Babick consulted with an attorney Tuesday afternoon to consider his options. Also, the American Civil Liberties Union is having a look to see if Babicks free speech rights are being infringed.
Its the goofiest permit ordinance that Ive ever seen, said the ACLUs Doug Bonney. Pretty clearly, this is targeted at this one guy.
Its easy to see why Babick might consider himself singled out. Only two other events currently held in the city would now fall under the ordinance, both Christmas displays: Candy Cane Lane and the Dorr Family Christmas Show near Shawnee Mission East High School
But only Babick would likely have to hire off-duty police officers at the rate of $44.69 an hour, police spokesman Capt. Wes Lovett acknowledges, to handle issues associated with the large crowds that gather in his yard.
Theres a three-hour minimum, Lovett said, and Babick would most likely have to hire officers most Friday and Saturday nights, when the crowds are the largest, from Thanksgiving through New Years.
Its become a real safety hazard, Lovett said of the displays popularity.
In addition to complaints from neighbors about blocked driveways, litter, trespassing and public urination, the street becomes so clogged that, at times, it would be hard for an ambulance or fire truck to get through, police say.
However, Babick contends those problems are highly exaggerated. He picks up the litter each night and urges visitors to keep the street and driveways open.
Theyve created a monster out of nothing, Babick said.
For him, it started in the mid-1960s with one string of lights around his front door. Then he added another string and another. Within three years, Babick gave over his garage to those electronic elves.
Later, up on the rooftop, click, click, click, Babick installed a set of panels that he calls Christmas in Comicville. Soldiers stand sentry over candy canes in the front yard.
As his display grew, so did the crowds. By the thousands they came, causing friction within the neighborhood.
So the city stepped in. To help with traffic flow, Prairie Village decided in 1990 to turn that section of Falmouth into a one-way street for the holidays.
Police enforced new, temporary parking restrictions. Even some of the neighbors got tickets.
In answer to complaints about visitors tromping on neighbors lawns, the city poured a sidewalk on Babicks side of the street. Minivans gave way to limousines and tour buses.
The limos would pull up at his place and he just thrived on it, recalled former neighbor Bob Myhre, who moved to Bella Vista, Ark., last year.
Babick doesnt apologize for his enthusiasm.
Its because I love Christmas, he said. I love every part of it.
Two years ago, Prairie Village police met with neighbors to hear suggestions on making things better. Police agreed to ease parking restrictions in front of their houses and to advise tour operators that they couldnt idle their buses while passengers got out to look.
But problems remained, and work began on the ordinance that passed this week.
For now, most of the ornaments, figures and other elements of Babicks display are where they always are this time of year, in a warehouse in the West Bottoms. Whether the retired AT&T technician hauls it all home Nov. 1 for the 48th annual installation will depend a lot on the opinion of his legal counsel or whether he can raise the money to pay off-duty police.
If the holiday lights do go dark on Falmouth Street this year, Mhyre, the former neighbor, will have mixed feelings.
Its kind of a neat thing he does, says Myhre, but it wears on you.
Posts: 59,209
In Search of a Life
Join Date: Aug 2007
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People should give donations to pay for the cops to direct traffic.
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Join Date: Jan 2004
Location: Thigpen's America
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Wait, there are bus tours of Prairie Village?
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testing ... 1, 2, 3
Join Date: Oct 2004
Location: Tennessee
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Give me a break.
I hope Santa takes a crap on their mantle piece.
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Say hello to my little friend
Join Date: Aug 2000
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I feel for his neighbors. That's a nuisance.
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In Search of a Life
Join Date: Jan 2004
Location: San Antonio Tx.
Casino cash: $34554
Originally Posted by Cassel's Reckoning:
Matt once made a very nice play in Seattle where he spun away from a pass rusher and hit Bowe off his back foot for a first down.
One of the best plays Matt has ever made.
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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Making Connections
Apply what you've learned about making connections by completing the following activities.
Making Connections in Your Teaching
How do you make connections? This activity is designed to help you connect teaching goals with strategies that enhance students' understanding of social studies applications. Review the teaching goals and tips, then brainstorm and list strategies you would use to help students make connections. When you're done, compare your answers to other teachers' sample answers.
Making Connections in Your TeachingGo to Interactive Activity >>
A non-interactive version of this activity is available as a PDF document.
Developing a Unit
In this activity, you will develop a unit that connects social studies content to the world beyond the classroom. Before you begin, watch the following video segment.
View Video Segment:
Final Units
Go to this segment in the video by matching the image (to the left) on your TV screen. You'll find this segment approximately 31 minutes into the video. Watch for about 15 minutes.
In this segment, workshop participants present and discuss units they have developed.
Now it's your turn to develop a unit with a democratic classroom and real-world connections in mind. Use the workshop participants' units and the Developing a Unit form (PDF) to guide you. When you're finished, write your answers to the questions on page 2 of the form. Be sure to include:
Save your written work to submit as an assignment.
Next > Evaluate
Session 8: Engage | Explore | Explain | Apply | Evaluate | ResourcesSocial Studies Workshop Home | © | About This Workshop | Site Map | Glossary
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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Thanks to our office renovation, I have been unfortunate enough to sit near the office printer for the past week. I have been told that the renovations are going to go for a few more weeks, which means that I'll have to be at this seat for longer than expected. So to keep myself sane, and to prevent office violence, I have drawn up a few helpful guidelines:-
Here are few things which I don't know:
- The reason why the paper is jammed
- The reason why the printer used blue ink instead of red
- The person who cancelled your print job when it was halfway through
- The person who took away your son's class project
- Your colleague's phone extension
- The phone extension for the IT team
- Whether IT or ADMIN are responsible for the upkeep of the printer
- What the score is or who won the match or any other variation thereof
Here are a few things which I will not do:
- Vacate my workstation so that you can login to yours no matter how many successive hours you have been in the office and might miss your cab back home if you don't hurry
- Call your extension when your thousand page document has been printed
- Give you a missed call when the IT guy "finally shows up" even if you haven't had anything to eat since morning and all you want to do is grab a bite because you are feeling a little faint and/or suffer from hypoglycaemia
Here are a few things which do not fall under my job description:
- To tell you that you need to use blue paper if you want to take your printed document out of the office premises
- Send IT an email when the printer runs out of paper
- Arbitrate between both the IT and ADMIN teams to determine who holds responsibility for the printer
- Arbitrate between two people to determine who gets to use the printer first
- To judge whether your wedding card looks better in black & white or colour
- Lending you my seat in absentia while you wait for your print job. This transgression will force me to change my chair with yours.
Here are a few topics of conversation which do not interest me:
- Any office gossip even if it so juicy that you cannot keep it a secret
- To educate you about what I am "currently working on"
- The fact that your previous employer had state-of-the-art laser printers and the management of your current employer is made up of "cheap bastards"
- Any complaint regarding other people using the printer to print frivolous documents hence monopolizing and wasting the company's resources
- The fact that you crashed the print server by continuously hitting the print button. Also, I do not find the said action amusing.
Please follow these guidelines to ensure a peaceful working environment, failing which I cannot be held responsible for missing sheets or the appearance of extra pages in your handout to the CEO containing pictures that suspiciously resemble buttocks or other non-business ends.
Thanks in advance.
(Disclaimer: No printers were hurt during the writing of this memo.)
(with inputs from Daddy San)


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How can you adjust a transformer's voltage range from just a few volts to over 100% input voltage?
Variable-voltage transformers are efficient means of changing voltage, especially if you want a greater degree of flexibility in changing the ratio between the primary and secondary coils. They are simple to operate, and controls are available for automatic adjustment to maintain "constant" (regulated) voltage output. The amount of voltage change obtained depends upon the type of variable transformer used.
One main reason for changing the secondary voltage is for compensation when the incoming line voltage changes. By using automatic equipment, the secondary voltage that serves the load will remain basically constant, or regulated, should the line voltage fluctuate. To avoid a continual voltage hunting condition, a voltage tolerance limit is maintained, usually from about a half volt to a few volts.
Methods of achieving variable voltage
There are two main methods you can use to achieve variable output voltage (other than using a rheostat). Both use autotransformers, but different types.
As shown in Fig. 1, auto transformers have at least two windings having a cam-man section. A regular autotransformer has fixed terminals. The step-down version has primary terminals at both ends of the coil; its secondary uses the same coil, but it will have one tap between the two primary terminals along with a terminal at one end of the coil. The voltage ratio is based upon the number of turns between the primary terminals and those between the secondary terminal and the tap.
Method 1. The first approach to achieving variable voltage is a configuration where one tap is fixed and the other tap is connected to a brush that slides along an uninsulated section of the coil. [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 2 OMITTED]. This is in lieu of having the secondary voltage based upon fixed output taps. One way of doing this is to have the coil wrapped around a toroidal-shaped core.
The voltage ratio relates to the location of the brush as it rides against the coil and depends on how much of the coil the brush is allowed to make contact with.
Limited ratio variable transformers are made as well as full range units, which can change the voltage from 0% to about 120% of the incoming line voltage. When the output voltage exceeds the input voltage, there are extra turns on the coil extending beyond the windings and lying between the incoming power terminals. In effect, the unit becomes a step-up transformer.
Ratings start at less than 1kVA for a 120V, single-phase variable transformer. Basic units are wired in parallel and/or in series to obtain higher power capacity. Two units in parallel have double the current and kVA rating. The individual units are stacked on top of each other, bolted together, and operated from a common shaft that rotates the brushes. Operating in a configuration that combines parallel and series connections, with several units stacked together, this type at 480V can have a rating exceeding 200kVA.
You can specify a control mechanism to achieve "constant" (regulated) voltage output automatically; it's attached to the rotor that turns the brushes.
An important design characteristic of this type of transformer relates to brush contact and the amount of current flowing through the carbon brush. A rating based solely on output kVA may cause serious problems because, for a given kVA load, the current drawn depends on the output voltage. Since the output voltage is variable, a load of a given kVA value may draw a safe current at 100% voltage, while at 25% voltage the current required to serve a load of the same kVA value would require four times as much current. This situation may cause the brush to overheat, so you should not exceed the maximum current rating.
Method 2. Another form of variable voltage transformer is the induction type, as shown in Fig. 3, which does not use brushes. The usual voltage change for this type of unit is [+ or -] 10% but can be greater. This unit is a variable-ratio autotransformer that uses two separate windings - a primary and a secondary. There's a laminated steel stator on which is wound a winding that serves as a secondary coil. This winding is connected in series with the load. The primary coil, or shunt winding, is connected across the supply line and is wound around a rotor. Construction is similar to that of a motor except that, in this case, the rotor can only turn 180 mechanical and electrical degrees.
As the primary core is rotated, the amount of primary flux passing through the secondary winding is decreased until the core reaches a position at right angles to the secondary winding. In this position, no primary flux passes through the secondary windings and, as a result, the induced voltage in this coil is zero.
The continued rotation of the core in the same direction again increases the amount of flux passing through the secondary, but it's now in the opposite direction, and so reverses the direction of the induced voltage. Thus, the output voltage can be varied by adding to or subtracting from it the voltage induced in the secondary winding.
The primary and secondary cores are circular, and the coils are assembled in recesses or slots similar to an induction motor.
Both single- and 3-phase transformers are available. The rotor is connected, via a worm gear assembly, to a motor that allows the rotor to turn up to 180 degrees. Limit switches prevent the rotor from turning further. Automatic controls can be installed so that if the line voltage varies, the output voltage remains constant (regulated). Ratings of these types of transformers vary from 8kVA, 120V, single-phase to 1500 kVA, 480V, 3-phase.
Robert B. Morgan, Senior Editor


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The Magnum Research Semi- Automatic .22LR and 22 Magnum, Magnum Lite® Rifles make an excellent home-defense firearm for the person searching for a lightweight and low recoil rifle option. The MRI MLR-22 has a unique gas-system that improves reliability, an evolution of the classic design. With Ruger Rotary Magazines and a Ruger 10/22® Trigger Group, this MRI rifle is available in many configurations. These different models of the Magnum Lite Rifle offer either the patented graphite barrel, solely to Magnum Research, or even a stainless steel barrel. Finishes including the Hogue® OverMolded stock, Black Polymer, Tactical Black, and Barracuda, adds an amazing tough to these prestige, lightweight rifle. For more specific information, please visit each specific item or scroll down to the bottom of the page for much more detailed manufacturer information.
The Magnum Research Magnum Lite® MLR-22 Semi-Auto Rifle
MRI : Magnum Research History
In 2010, Kahr Arms, a well- known manufacturer of precise and high quality compact handguns and the maker of the world famous Thompson sub-machine gun a.k.a. Tommy Gun, purchased Magnum Research Inc. (MRI) after 25 years of its very own history. Jim Skildum and John Risdall have been involved with Magnum Research since 1979, these two individuals supervised the rise of the Magnum Research Desert Eagle Pistol from concept on paper to the gas-operated, rotating bolt and all-steel construction handgun it is today.
MRI is solely responsible for the specific design and development of the Magnum Research Desert Eagle Pistol. Until 1995, the Desert Eagle Handgun design was refined and these pistols were actually manufactured by Israel Military Industries (IMI), hence "Desert Eagle". Magnum Research then shifted their manufacturing contract to SACO Defense, but in 1998 MRI returned their contract back to IMI, which reorganized into their new name Israel Weapon Industries, IWI. Though these contracts were solely for manufacturing/contracting purposes. Magnum Research was still in control of all the intellectual property, including :patents, copyrights and trademarks. The Magnum Research Desert Eagle has been produced though in the USA since 2009, with some models such as the DE44W and DE50W, are still made by IWI in Israel. With the most commonly Black Oxide finish on the Desert Eagle, Magnum Research/MRI has developed many Desert Eagle Handguns with distinctive and appealing finishes including: Brushed Chrome, Matte Chrome, Polished Chrome, Bright Nickel, Satin Nickel, 24k Gold (24 karat), Titanium Gold and Titanium Gold with the latest "Tiger Stripe" pattern in a titanium nitride coated finish.
Under the Magnum Research Baby Desert Eagle name, MRI imported the IWI/IMI brand of pistols until the end of 2008. Though in 2011, the import of the Magnum Research Baby Desert Eagle progressed once again when MRI was purchased by Kahr Arms in June of 2010. Magnum Research does offer other products. The Magnum Research DE1911G and DE1911C from BUL Ltd. in Israel are some of these other products; the Magnum Research MR9 and MR40 Eagle as well. The MRI MR9/MR40 Eagle series is a striker fired polymer frame pistol from Walther, located in Germany. This Magnum Research Eagle made in the USA features a polymer frame from Walther with a Stainless Steel Slide and a Stainless Steel Barrel. Introduced in 2011, the MR9/MR40 Eagle Handgun was an innovation to the Magnum Research product line. Besides the MRIs Desert Eagle, Baby Desert Eagle, MR9 Eagle, and MR40 Eagle; Magnum Research also produces a series specified as the Big Frame Revolver, or more commonly known as the BFR. The Magnum Research BFR series is a single action magnum revolver. The Mountain Eagle Center-fire Rifles and Magnum Lite Rim-fire Rifles, featuring graphite barrels are also some other products produced by MRI.
The Magnum Research Magnum Lite® Semi-Auto Rimfire Rifle (MLR Series)
The Magnum Research Magnum Lite® MLR22AT will give .22LR 22 (Long Rifle) rifle shooters something to get excited about. The new ambidextrous lightweight thumbhole 10/22® stock is made of polypropylene with fiber additives for maximum strength. The stock comb height is designed high enough to comfortably and properly shoot with optics. The new stock design also features a checkered semi palm swell on both sides of the pistol grip, and a molded-to-fit hard rubber butt plate attached with screws. This Magnum Research rifle is equipped with the Magnum Lite® revolutionary patented graphite bull barrel, exclusive to Magnum Research. The patented uni- directional graphite fibers, parallel to the bore axis, results in a barrel with 6x the stiffness of the equivalent weight of steel. The lighter barrel weights (from 13-16 oz, depending on barrel length) are easier to wield and dissipate heat up to 43% faster than steel. The result is rim fire performance of extreme accuracy.
Other features of the MRI Magnum Lite® include a .22LR Bentz target chamber designed specifically for semi- automatics and a full floating barrel with an 11 degree muzzle crown for maximum accuracy. Magnum Lite® receivers are CNC machined from a 6061-T6 aircraft aluminum forging and include an integral Weaver type rail for optics. The MLR22AT from Magnum Research has an approximate weight of 4.25 lbs, barrel length of 17 inches, and over all length of 35.5 inches. The Magnum Lite® rifle utilizes the 10/22® trigger group and 10/22® rotary magazines. MRI bolts are manufactured and machined from heat treated and through hardened 4140 steel with minimum headspace for better accuracy. The patented graphite barrel is unique to MRI. It provides lighter weight, better heat dissipation than steel and is extremely stiff. The Magnum Research MAGNUM LITE® receivers are CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machined from a 6061-T6 aircraft aluminum forging and include an integral Weaver type rail for optics. The bolts are manufactured and machined from heat treated 4140 steel with tight bolt face depth tolerances for better accuracy.
In all, The Semi- Automatic .22LR Magnum Lite® Rifles make an excellent home-defense firearm for the person searching for a lightweight and low recoil rifle option. The MLR-22 has a unique gas-system that improves reliability, an evolution of the classic design. With Ruger Rotary Magazines, this MRI rifle is available in many configurations. Magnum Research also provides a more powerful version of this rifle. This would be the Magnum Lite 22WMR, or the 22 Magnum. The MRI MLR- 22 Magnum uses a 22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire caliber. With it's unique gas- assisted blowback system, this Magnum Lite Rifle is also lightweight and available with either the graphite barrel or a stainless steel barrel.
The Barracuda 22WMR Series from Magnum Research, is a rash looking rimfire. The effect on this rimfire rifle comes from the blending of some rather unique components. This Rimfire Rifle action is similar to what is expected from the Ruger 10/22. For a fact, Magnum Research uses the same fire control system with a 5 lb to 6 lb trigger and a 9 shot magnum rimfire magazine as the Ruger, but as far as this, that is all the similarities between these two rifles. The Magnum Research Barracuda MLR 22 Magnum Rifle certainly lives up to its namesake as a deadly, accurate varmint rifle, and its available in .22 LR as well as .22 WMR. Priced competitively, its one of the great, original rimfire designs. (Gun Magazine, September 2012)
MLR 22 Long Rifle (LR) - MLR22AT, MLR22BFC, MLR22BN, MLR22BP, MLR22H, MLR22TB
MLR 22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (WMR or 22 Magnum) - MLR22WMBFC, MLR22WMBN, MLR22WMBP, MLR22WMH, MLRS22WMBP, MLRS22WMH
MLR 17" Graphite Bull Barrel - MLR22AT, MLR22BFC, MLR22BN, MLR22BP, MLR22H, MLR22TB
MLR 19" Graphite Bull Barrel - MLR22WMBFC, MLR22WMBN, MLR22WMBP, MLR22WMH
MLR 18" Stainless Steel Barrel - MLRS22WMBP, MLRS22WMH
Black Polymer Ambidexrous Thumbhole Stock (MLR22AT only)
Barracuda Forest Camo Stock (MLR22BFC/MLR22WMBFC)
Barracuda Nutmeg Stock (MLR22BN/MLR22WMBN)
Barracuda Pepper Stock (MLR22BP/MLR22WMBP, MLRS22WMBP)
Hogue® OverMolded™ Stock (MLR22H/MLR22WMH, MLRS22WMH)
Tactical Black Stock (MLR22TB)
From Shooting Times, the following link contains much more information on the MLR22AT Rimfire Rifle from Magnum Research.
MRI MLR22AT .22LR Rifle Shooting Times Article
From Gun Magazine, the following link contains much more information on the Rimfire Magnum Tack Driver, Magnum Researchs Barracude .22 WMR.
Rimfire Magnum Tack Driver Gun Magazine Article
From the Personal Defense Network, the following link contains much more information on the MLR- 22 Rifle.
Magnum Research MLR-22 Rifle from the Personal Defense Network
From GunTalk.TV, the following link contains much more information in video on the MLR-22 Rifle.Magnum Research MLR-22 Rifle from GunTalk.TV
For any additional information, please visit the Magnum Research Website
Magnum Research
*All information that has been provided has solely come from Magnum Research and/or other information resources from above.
**Specifications can change at any time, please notify Hinterland Oufitters if any notice or change has occurred and has not correctly been provided.
***Hinterland Outfitters encourages each consumer to right a product review and let everyone else know how each firearm/accessory has been able to provide you the service you need.


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Important Safety Information: Recommended for riders 16 years of age and older. Honda recommends that all ATV riders take a training course and read their owner's manual thoroughly.
Suggested Retail Price (SRP) excludes destination charge. Visit powersports.honda.com to view applicable destination charge amount.
Premium Performance, Premium Comfort.
Greatness stands out in any endeavor, whether you're talking about architecture, transportation, clothing, food or music. The true greats have a lasting impact you'll never forget. So when you're talking about great all-terrain vehicles, and when you want to choose a great one, ask yourself these two key questions: how many hours a day you want to ride, and how long do you want your ATV to last?
The Honda FourTrax Rubicon is a premium ATV that places a premium on rider comfort—all-day comfort. And we have a great selection of Rubicon models with a wide range of features, so you can pick the one that's perfect for you. And we have a deluxe model with the paint color applied over the bodywork—a nice touch that helps deflect superficial scratches and keep your ATV looking sharp longer.
Every Rubicon uses the same 500-class engine—tough, proven and efficient. You get to choose between two transmission options: a rugged conventional-type ATV gearbox that makes the Rubicon the only manual-shift ATV with Independent Rear Suspension on the market, and our revolutionary automatic dual-clutch transmission with a smooth shift map and featuring strong steel-gear internals.
Independent Rear Suspension (IRS) is about more than just comfort and a plush ride, though. The Rubicon's superior suspension engineering gives you the confidence you need to tackle rough trails, while providing day-long ride comfort and excellent traction on uneven ground.
And there's tons more to talk about: refined controls, strong steel racks, inboard rear-disc brake, available Electric Power Steering (EPS), and even models featuring red A-arms, springs and black cast and machined aluminum wheels. But no matter which Rubicon you choose, one thing's for certain: You've chosen a truly great ATV.
Independent Rear Suspension: All our 2018 Foreman Rubicon models feature an Independent Rear Suspension setup (IRS) that gives you a smoother ride and increased traction over uneven terrain.
Honda Automatic Dual-Clutch Transmission: Strong internals, fast shifts, excellent control, true compression-braking capability in steep terrain and an automatic program that upshifts and downshifts while you concentrate on riding—the Honda automatic dual-clutch transmission has it all, including low range and a smooth shift map. It's one of the best choices you can make, and it's available on our Rubicon DCT, Rubicon DCT EPS and Rubicon DCT EPS Deluxe models.
Electric Power Steering: Honda's Electric Power Steering (available on the EPS models) features sophisticated torque sensors that measure how much force you're applying and then tailor how much extra assist you need. It makes your life way easier, especially when riding over ruts, rocks, logs or on side hills.
Painted Plastic Bodywork: The Rubicon's bodywork gives it a rugged appearance. But it does more than just look good—it's designed to shrug off dings and scrapes so it keeps looking good as long as you own it.


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More ways to clean totes and tanks: For gentle rinsing to removal of the toughest of residues, we have a tank cleaning product solution for vessels up to 100' (30 m) in diameter. Choose from spray balls, tank cleaning nozzles, motor and turbine driven tank cleaning machines and more.
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filtered by Capital Campaigns, Worship, Outreach + 6 other(s)
By Joe Merlino
In this webinar we will explore how a return to the biblical and theological understanding and practice of stewardship as the "care of the soul of the other" offers a path for addressing uncertainties in stewardship.
By Bill Campbell
La palabra mito se emplea a menudo para describir ideas o creencias falsas o erróneas, pero que se consideran ampliamente como verdades. Esa definición coincide con muchas ideas sobre la mayordomía que circulan por la Iglesia. A continuación, tomo las creencias más generalizadas, describo lo poco o nada que ayudan y ofrezco mejores maneras de enseñar y tratar la mayordomía en nuestras congregaciones.
By Bill Campbell
Do you encounter a lot of beliefs and ideas about stewardship at your church? In The Top Five Stewardship Myths, Bill Campbell addresses some common myths around stewardship and offers suggestions on how to make the best use of our assets.
By Brian Sellers-Petersen
What can you do with land? Turns out, the sky is the limit! In Stewardship and Land, Brian Sellers-Peterson shares his view of our greatest common asset – land, and provides numerous examples of active ministries that take advantage of this often underutilized gift.
By Steve Follos
Extension ministries are great way to use church property effectively – engaging with the community to fill a real need, while also supplementing the church's income. But are there any risks to consider? In Extension Ministries and Risk, Steve Follos describes ways to mitigate risk and protect your church in these situations.
By Demi Prentiss
If you've been blessed with home ownership, have you considered how can you turn that into an asset that will benefit many others? In Turning Burdens into Blessings, Demi Prentiss explains Charitable Remainder Unitrusts, a charitable gift instrument that can benefit both you and the communities you care about.
By Charis Bhagianathan
Over the next few weeks, we will be hearing about stewardship a lot. When we contemplate stewardship, how often do we consider assets that aren't money? When we want to start new ministries that will revitalize the communities around us, are we truly harnessing all the gifts we've been given? In this issue, we share different approaches to best use our many gifts, mobilizing them effectively to further our ministries.
By Maurice Seaton
Maurice Seaton gives us ten ideas to improve annual giving at your church. Each pledge or gift is a deeply personal decision and the easier you can make it to give, the better returns you will see.
By Nancy Fritschner
This webinar is designed to help you understand how compensation is taxed including salary, housing, and other benefits clergy may receive.
By Anne Vickers
What role does financial strategy play in strategic visioning? In Through All Kinds of Weather, Anne Vickers shares the Episcopal Church's unique five-step system of integrated support to transform us into mission-driven, financially-secure and sustainable congregations.


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This is a view on the valley of flowers of the Parc Floral de Paris. The shot was taken in november 2011, in the beginning of the afternoon. Panorama made in HDR version (enfuse).
The Parc Floral de Paris is an urban park and a botanical garden located in the Bois de Vincennes, in the 12th arrondissement of Paris.
References : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_floral_de_Paris (translated with help of Google Traduction)
France is affectionately referred to as "the Hexagon" for its overall shape.French history goes back to the Gauls, a Celtic tribe which inhabited the area circa 300BC until being conquered by Julius Caesar.The Franks were the first tribe to adopt Catholic Christianity after the Roman Empire collapsed. France became an independent location in the Treaty of Verdun in (843 AD), which divided up Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire into several portions.The French monarchy reached its zenith during the reign of Louis XIV, the Sun King, who stood for seventy-two years as the Monarch of all Monarchs. His palace of Versailles and its Hall of Mirrors are a splendid treasure-trove of Baroque art.The French Revolution ended the rule of the monarchy with the motto "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!" On July 14th, 1789 angry mobs stormed La Bastille prison and began the Revolution in which Louis XVI, his wife Marie-Antoinette and thousands of others met the guillotine.One decade after the revolution, Napolean Bonaparte seized control of the Republic and named himself Emperor. His armies conquered most of Europe and his Napoleonic Code became a lasting legal foundation for concepts of personal status and property.During the period of colonization France controlled the largest empire in the world, second only to Britain.France is one of the founding members of the European Union and the United Nations, as well as one of the nuclear armed nations of the world.Text by Steve Smith.


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Structural Adjustment Programs
Structural adjustments are the policies implemented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (the Bretton Woods Institutions) in developing countries. These policy changes are conditions for receiving new loans from the IMF or World Bank or for obtaining lower interest rates on existing loans. Conditions are implemented to ensure that the money lent will be spent in accordance with the overall goals of the loan. Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) are created with the goal of reducing the borrowing country's fiscal imbalances. The bank from which a borrowing country receives its loan depends upon the type of necessity. SAPs are supposed to allow the economies of the developing countries to become more market oriented. This then forces them to concentrate more on trade and production so it can boost their economy.[1]
Through conditions, SAPs generally implement "free market" programs and policy. These programs include internal changes (notably privatization and deregulation) as well as external ones, especially the reduction of trade barriers. Countries that fail to enact these programs may be subject to severe fiscal discipline. Critics argue that the financial threats to poor countries amount to blackmail, and that poor nations have no choice but to comply.
Since the late 1990s, some proponents of structural adjustment, such as the World Bank, have spoken of "poverty reduction" as a goal. SAPs were often criticized for implementing generic free-market policy and for their lack of involvement from the borrowing country. To increase the borrowing country's involvement, developing countries are now encouraged to draw up Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), which essentially take the place of SAPs. Some believe that the increase of the local government's participation in creating the policy will lead to greater ownership of the loan programs and thus better fiscal policy. The content of PRSPs has turned out to be similar to the original content of bank-authored SAPs. Critics argue that the similarities show that the banks and the countries that fund them are still overly involved in the policy-making process.
Some of the conditions for structural adjustment can include:
- Cutting expenditures, also known as austerity
- Focusing economic output on direct export and resource extraction
- Devaluation of currencies
- Trade liberalization, or lifting import and export restrictions
- Increasing the stability of investment (by supplementing foreign direct investment with the opening of domestic stock markets)
- Balancing budgets and not overspending
- Removing price controls and state subsidies
- Privatization, or divestiture, of all or part of state-owned enterprises
- Enhancing the rights of foreign investors vis-à-vis national laws
- Improving governance and fighting corruption
These conditions have also been sometimes labeled as the Washington Consensus.
Structural adjustment policies emerged from two of the Bretton Woods institutions, the IMF and the World Bank. They emerged from the conditionality that IMF and World Bank have been attaching to their loans since the early 1950s.[2] Initially, these conditions focused on a country's macroeconomic policy.
From the 1950s onward, the United States doled out loans and other forms of financial assistance to Third World nations (now commonly referred to as least developed countries, or LDCs), in part to promote the economic tenets of neoliberalism, as spelled out in the Washington Consensus doctrine. Free-market economics were encouraged in the Third World, not only as a measure of countering the spread of socialist ideology during the Cold War, but also as a means of fostering foreign direct investment (FDI) and promoting the access of foreign companies within the OECD nations to certain sectors of target economies. In particular, Western companies sought to gain access to the extraction of raw commodities, especially minerals and agricultural products. Where loans were negotiated on the basis of implementing large infrastructural projects such as roads and electrical damsels, Western countries stood to gain by employing their domestic businesses and by broadening the means by which Western companies could more easily extract these resources.
Loans made under SAP conditions at the time were advised by the top economists of both the IMF and World Bank.
After the run on the dollar of 1979–80, the United States adjusted its monetary policy and instituted other measures so it could begin competing aggressively for capital on a global scale. This was successful, as can be seen from the current account of the country's balance of payments. Enormous capital flows to the United States had the corollary of dramatically depleting the availability of capital to poor and middling countries.[3] Giovanni Arrighi has observed that this scarcity of capital, which was heralded by the Mexican default of 1982,
created a propitious environment for the counterrevolution in development thought and practice that the neoliberal Washington Consensus began advocating at about the same time. Taking advantage of the financial straits of many low- and middle-income countries, the agencies of the consensus foisted on them measures of "structural adjustment" that did nothing to improve their position in the global hierarchy of wealth but greatly facilitated the redirection of capital flows toward sustaining the revival of US wealth and power.[4]
To this day, economists can point to few, if any, examples of substantial economic growth among the LDCs under SAPs. Moreover, very few of the loans have been paid off. Pressure mounts to forgive these debts, some of which demand substantial portions of government expenditures to service.
Structural adjustment policies, as they are known today, originated due to a series of global economic disasters during the late 1970s: the oil crisis, debt crisis, multiple economic depressions, and stagflation.[5] These fiscal disasters led policy makers to decide that deeper intervention was necessary to improve a country's overall well-being.
In 2002, SAPs underwent another transition, the introduction of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. PRSPs were introduced as a result of the bank's beliefs that "successful economic policy programs must be founded on strong country ownership".[2] In addition, SAPs with their emphasis on poverty reduction have attempted to further align themselves with the Millennium Development Goals. As a result of PRSPs, a more flexible and creative approach to policy creation has been implemented at the IMF and World Bank.
While the main focus of SAPs has continued to be the balancing of external debts and trade deficits, the reasons for those debts have undergone a transition. Today, SAPs and their lending institutions have increased their sphere of influence by providing relief to countries experiencing economic problems due to natural disasters or economic mismanagement. Since their inception, SAPs have been adopted by a number of other international financial institutions.
There are multiple criticisms that focus on different elements of SAPs.[6]
National sovereignty
Critics claim that SAPs threaten the sovereignty of national economies because an outside organization is dictating a nation's economic policy. Critics argue that the creation of good policy is in a sovereign nation's own best interest. Thus, SAPs are unnecessary given the state is acting in its best interest. However, supporters consider that in many developing countries, the government will favour political gain over national economic interests; that is, it will engage in rent-seeking practices to consolidate political power rather than address crucial economic issues. In many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, political instability has gone hand in hand with gross economic decline.
A common policy required in structural adjustment is the privatization of state-owned industries and resources. This policy aims to increase efficiency and investment and to decrease state spending. State-owned resources are to be sold whether they generate a fiscal profit or not. [7]
Critics have condemned these privatization requirements, arguing that when resources are transferred to foreign corporations and/or national elites, the goal of public prosperity is replaced with the goal of private accumulation. Furthermore, state-owned firms may show fiscal losses because they fulfill a wider social role, such as providing low-cost utilities and jobs. Some scholars have argued that SAPs and neoliberal policies have negatively affected many developing countries.[8]
Critics hold SAPs responsible for much of the economic stagnation that has occurred in borrowing countries. SAPs emphasize maintaining a balanced budget, which forces austerity programs. The casualties of balancing a budget are often social programs.
The programs most often cut are education, public health, and other social safety nets. Commonly, these are programs that are already underfunded and desperately need monetary investment for improvement.
For example, if a government cuts education funding, universality is impaired, and therefore long-term economic growth. Similarly, cuts to health programs have allowed diseases such as AIDS to devastate some areas' economies by destroying the workforce. A 2009 book by Rick Rowden entitled The Deadly Ideas of Neoliberalism: How the IMF has Undermined Public Health and the Fight Against AIDS claims that the IMF's monetarist approach towards prioritizing price stability (low inflation) and fiscal restraint (low budget deficits) was unnecessarily restrictive and has prevented developing countries from being able to scale up long-term public investment as a percentage of GDP in the underlying public health infrastructure. The book claims the consequences have been chronically underfunded public health systems, leading to dilapidated health infrastructure, inadequate numbers of health personnel, and demoralizing working conditions that have fueled the "push factors" driving the brain drain of nurses migrating from poor countries to rich ones, all of which has undermined public health systems and the fight against HIV/AIDS in developing countries. A counter-argument is that it is illogical to assume that reducing funding to a program automatically reduces its quality. There may be factors within these sectors that are susceptible to corruption or over-staffing that causes the initial investment to not be used as efficiently as possible.
Recent studies have shown strong connections between SAPs and tuberculosis rates in developing nations.[9]
Countries with native populations living traditional lifestyles face with unique challenges in regards to structural adjustment. Authors Ikubolajeh Bernard Logan and Kidane Mengisteab make the case in their article "IMF-World Bank Adjustment and Structural Transformation on Sub-Saharan Africa" for the ineffectiveness of structural adjustment in part being attributed to the disconnect between the informal sector of the economy as generated by traditional society and the formal sector generated by a modern, urban society. The rural and urban scales and the different needs of each are a factor that usually goes unexamined when analyzing the effects of structural adjustment. In some rural, traditional communities, the absence of landownership and ownership of resources, land tenure, and labor practices due to custom and tradition provides a unique situation in regard to the structural economic reform of a state. Kinship-based societies, for example, operate under the rule that collective group resources are not to serve individual purposes. Gender roles and obligations, familial relations, lineage, and household organization all play a part in the functioning of traditional society. It would then appear difficult to formulate effective economic reform policies by considering only the formal sector of society and the economy, leaving out more traditional societies and ways of life.[10]
Empirical evidence
There are some serious problems in measuring the empirical success of Fund programs. It is extremely difficult to calculate the counterfactual; that is, what would have happened had the Fund not intervened. Indeed, the 'before and after' evidence of success in the balance of payments is weaker than calculations of success relative to the counterfactual.[11]
IMF SAPs versus World Bank SAPs
While both the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank loan to depressed and developing countries, their loans are intended to address different problems. The IMF mainly lends to countries that have balance of payment problems (they can not pay their international debts), while the World bank offers loans to fund particular development projects.
IMF SAPs
IMF loans focus on temporarily fixing problems that countries face as a whole. Traditionally IMF loans were meant to be repaid in a short duration between 2½ and 4 years. Today, there are a few longer term options available, which go up to 7 years.[12] as well as options that lend to countries in times of crises such as natural disasters or conflicts.
World Bank SAPs
World Bank SAPs or Structural Adjustment Loans (SALs) focus on providing loans and grants to countries that provide funding on a project basis. For example, a loan or grant from the World Bank, could provide funds to improve infrastructure in a region of a developing country. The World Bank is divided into two lending and development institutions; the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The IBRD focuses on "middle income and credit-worthy poor countries" while the IDA focuses on the lowest income and least credit worthy countries.[13]
Donor countries
The IMF is supported solely by its member states, while the World Bank funds its loans with a mix of member contributions and corporate bonds. Currently there are 185 Members of the IMF (As Of February 2007) and 184 members of the World Bank. Members are assigned a quota to be reevaluated and paid on a rotating schedule. The assessed quota is based upon the donor country's portion of the world economy. One of the critiques of SAPs is that the highest donating countries hold too much influence over which countries receive the loans and the SAPs that accompany them.
Some of the largest donors are:
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Japan
- Canada
- Germany
- France
See also
- IMF Stand-By Arrangement
- Washington Consensus
- Bretton Woods system
- International Monetary Fund
- World Bank
- Balcerowicz Plan
External links
- IMF Factsheet on Conditionality


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Epson Brand Intelligent Ink Cartridges
Designed by the world leader in digital photographic printing, all Epson genuine branded professional inks offer optimum output quality combined with guaranteed compatibility.
these cartridges come in 2 sizes 110 and the larger 220 ml which are preferred for economy and continuety of production reasons.
Please note the Vivid magenta and Vivid Light magenta (Epson VM Inks) are only for use on the 4880 and the standard Magenta/Light magenta solely for use on the Epson 4800 machines
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New 2019 LexusES 300h Sedan
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Highlighted Features
- Navigation system
- Lane departure
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- Emergency communication system
- Power moonroof
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Detailed Specifications
KBB.com Consumer Reviews
- 2.0
So much to love but...
By Cosmo on Tuesday, May 14, 2019The sound system is terrible. Every other complaint is minor - except maybe the overly sensitive Remote Touch Interface control system which is very frustrating (dangerous?) to use. But, seriously, sound does not come out of the back speakers which is ludicrous. I truly thought I had speakers that were not connected but was assured by the Lexus technician they worked as designed. The technician actually said "the back speakers were designed to produce very little sound; it is a new design and a new sound experience". Yes, a terrible experience! I cannot figure out what is going on or how Lexus put this product on the market. I have a 3 years lease and I feel totally stuck. I am sad because I loved my past ES 350 cars but I feel I have to make a statement and walk away from Lexus at the end of my lease!
- 1.0
worst sound system ever
By NY Rick on Saturday, March 16, 2019There is NO ability to adjust the sound between front and rear. May as well not have rear speakers. Lexus told me that the car was designed that way. If so, the designer should be hung. Worse sound than the radio on my first car - a 1957 Plymouth. Had I "test drove" the radio before buying, I would have walked right out the door. And - while the car does everything better than my 2014 model (better build, quieter, faster, tighter, better handling, more room) the bad radio and the dangerous touchpad controller for the info system (you cannot change anything using that touchpad without looking away from the road) make me regret buying it
- 2.0
worst sounding 10 speaker premium sound system
By Bigdog on Sunday, December 30, 2018I love the style and redesign but the sound system takes everything away from all this. There is no sound from the rear speakers that can be heard of any quality. Even when fading everything to the rear there is very low poor quality sound. The complaints are starting to build up about the substandard system when reading other sites. Lexus quality has taken a major turn down on this model 10 speaker premium sound system. I traded in a 2016 IS 200t that sounded great! I had a 2018 ES 350 loaner while I had it in for for this problem that sounded great. I have had older Lexus models that have sounded great but this system has a major problem getting power to the rear speakers. Lexus has said it is performing to Spec. The Lexus dealer service department says they heard the complaint before but cannot do anything. This takes away from the whole new car experience and the pleasure of driving. Future buyers beware of this problem. Check it out if you look at one and try fading to the rear and hear it for yourself. Lexus seems to not take this seriously yet.


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My husband is Scottish, but through tracing our history I have found that they originated from Ireland, so that's a difficult area to trace.


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BMW Select finance example for a X3 xDrive20d M Sport
4.9% APR. Based on a loan amount of £35,189.28 over 48 months at an interest rate of 4.9% per annum. Your monthly repayment will be £449.00.
Your deposit contribution will be £449.00, the Retailer will contribute £6,376.72 and the Manufacturer will contribute £2,000.00 and BMW Financial Services will contribute £0.00 making a total deposit contribution of £8,825.72 towards your car's on the road cost of £44,015.00.
You may drive up to 8,000 miles per year, any excess mileage will incur a charge of 13.06 pence per mile if you decide to return the vehicle.
At the end of your term, if you want to buy the car outright you need to pay an option to purchase fee of £0.00 and make a final repayment of £19,354.35.
The total amount of all payments and any fees will be £49,283.07. This includes any retailer and BMW UK deposit contributions.
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BMW Select, our Personal Contract Purchase product is our most popular car finance product for both new and used cars. Watch our BMW Select video to find out how it works.
Personal Contract Purchase (PCP) agreement for BMW X3 xDrive 20d M Sport registered from 05/10/18. Optional Final payment GMFV = Guaranteed Minimum Future Value. Contract mileage of 8,000 per annum and an excess mileage charge of 7.67p (per mile). Further charges may apply subject to vehicle condition and mileage if you return the vehicle at the end of the agreement. *Payable with first monthly payment. **Payable if you exercise the option to purchase the car. All details correct at time of publication and are subject to being withdrawn or changed without notice. Offer ends 31/12/18. Finance provided by BMW Financial Services, GU14 0FB.
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HOUSTON — This isn't the first time oil has gushed from Texas wells at a record rate, sending towns around the state into economic booms. Starting with the Lucas gusher at Spindletop, Texas experienced an oil boom in the early 1900s that introduced a cheap supply of energy and transformed the state. See how life in Texas changed in towns like Kilgore, Freer and elsewhere when black gold started flowing.
Photo: Carl Mydans / Time & Life Pictures/Getty Image


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The latest Grizzly offering represents the seventh major release of OpenStack, it just goes to show the power of Open Source and what can be achieved when we work together. Grizzly, for many reasons, is a significant milestone for the project, it's being seen as a stable enterprise platform and the adoption within the industry is increasing exponentially. This blog post aims to detail some of the latest additions that the Grizzly release brought to OpenStack and I'll attempt to answer why they are important.
Firstly, lets look at Nova. Nova provides the compute resources for an OpenStack based cloud, it emulates a lot of the functionality that is provided by Amazon's EC2; it's responsible for scheduling and managing the lifecycle of running instances. An important new feature is the ability to now provision physical resources; and I don't just mean Linux containers, I'm talking about entire physical instances, skipping out the requirement for hypervisor integration. There are some limitations with this approach, predominantly around networking but it's still early days. Being able to scale to massive quantities is a common goal across the OpenStack project, the Nova component is one of the first to start to tackle the big scalability problems that the largest OpenStack clouds are starting to hit.
One technology that was previewed in the Folsom release and is now more comprehensive in Grizzly is the concept of zones (think AWS Availability Zones), hosts can be grouped into these zones and end-users are permitted to list and select a specific zone to deploy their instances into. A typical use case for this would be to provide availability; an OpenStack cloud may span multiple datacenters, availability zones can allow users to deploy their infrastructure across these therefore introducing fault tolerance. Another concept, which sounds very similar at face value, is host aggregates; like availability zones it allows you to group a set of hosts but instead of grouping for availability we group based on a common feature. An example of this would be, all hosts within an aggregate group all have solid state disks (remember that ephemeral instance storage runs on local disk), a flavour, or 'instance size/type' is created that can reference this aggregate group so that end-users can be sure that they are exploiting the common feature.
In addition, brand new to Grizzly is the concept of Nova Cells. One of the biggest limitations to scale are the dependencies within Nova, for example within a cluster there's a shared database, message queue and set of schedulers, whilst we can load balance and scale out, there are technical and physical limitations inherent to Nova. Nova Cells attempts to create multiple smaller 'clouds' within a larger OpenStack environment, each providing their own database, messaging queue and scheduler set but all 'reporting' to one global API in a tree-like structure. The problem here is that only Nova supports the Cells implementation, we're going to need to solve these limitation problems for the rest of the components too.
Early releases of OpenStack relied on the compute nodes themselves to have direct database access to update instance information, this posed a security threat as there was concern that compromised hypervisors would have wider access to the OpenStack environment. A new implementation known as the nova-conductor provides a method of isolating the database access from the rest of the services. Not only does this alleviate the security concerns, it helps address the scalability problems. Rather than having the database being accessed by hundreds (or thousands!) of nodes, a smaller quantity of database workers can be utilised and load-balanced across.
Whilst we're on the subject of databases, as you can imagine the database can grow exponentially when an OpenStack cloud gets bigger, Database Archiving in Grizzly attempts to address this by flushing old instance data into shadow tables, there's no need for the table space to continue to spiral out of control with garbage records. The final point I wanted to make around Nova is the addition of the evacuate method, this allows administrators to 'evacuate' all instances from a particular host, e.g. it needs to be upgraded or it failing, allowing mass migration off said node for maintenance. Previously this would have been a lot more difficult to achieve.
Moving onto networking, Quantum (note, now being called OpenStack Networking) provides software defined networking or networking as a service to OpenStack clouds. It has become widely adopted and is typically the default networking mechanism in Grizzly. The prior implementation of networking utilised 'nova-network' which provided networking access via L2 bridges with basic L3 and security provided by iptables, it had limited multi-tenancy options (using VLANs) and didn't scale well enough for cloud environments. Quantum is the evolution of this, it allows complete network abstraction by virtualising network segments. Quantum has received a lot of interest in the community with many vendors providing their own plugins, i.e. Quantum provides an abstract API but it relies on plugins to implement the networks.
There have been many interesting developments in Quantum for the Grizzly release cycle, one of the problems initially was the single point-of-failure architecture; an example being a single L3 agent or a single DHCP agent, obviously losing this node would mean a lack of external routing or DHCP for the instances. Grizzly has implemented multiple agent support for these therefore reducing these bottlenecks. The concept of Security Groups is not new to OpenStack, in previous versions of nova-network it allowed us to set inbound firewall rules for our instances (or groups of instances), Quantum is fully backwards compatible yet vastly enhances and extends the security group capabilities, allowing inbound as well as outbound regulations. Most importantly, it is now able to configure rules on a per-port basis, i.e. for every network adapter attached to an instance, previously it was on a per instances basis. All of the configuration is exposed within Horizon, giving end-users the ability to create and control networks and their topology. Additionally, Quantum is now able to support some higher layer features such as load balancers (LBaaS) and VPNs, but much of it is still a work in progress.
For those of you unfamiliar with Keystone, it provides an authentication and authorisation store for OpenStack, i.e. who's who and can they do what they're trying to do. Keystone makes use of tokens, they're provided to a user after authenticating with a username and password combination. It saves passwords from being passed around the cluster and provides an easy way of revoking compromised sessions. One of the limitations with previous versions was not supporting multi-factor authentication, e.g. a password with a string plus a token-code. This feature has now been implemented in Keystone for Grizzly, vastly enhancing the security of OpenStack. There's a brand-new API version (v3.0) available for Keystone too, providing additional features such as groups (not to be confused by tenants or projects) which allow select users to be grouped for reasons such as role-based access control.
Finally, the block-storage element, Cinder, has evolved considerably. Cinder provides block-storage to instances, typical use cases would be for data persistence or for tiered storage, e.g. ephemeral storage sitting on the hypervisors local disk but more performant persistent storage sitting on a SAN. Cinder started off by providing block device support over iSCSI to hypervisor hosts (which in turn presented the volumes as local SCSI disks), to bridge the gap between the current implementation and what enterprises want out of OpenStack, a lot of work has gone into providing FIbre Channel and FCoE storage support. The project has welcomed many new contributions from hardware and software vendors in the form of drivers to provide storage resource backends, the list of supported storage platforms is significantly bolstered with the latest Grizzly release. Previous versions of Cinder only permitted a single backend device to be used, Grizzly supports multiple drivers simultaneously, therefore allowing multiple tiers of storage for the end-users. Examples of this could be iSCSI-based storage for low-priority workloads and fully-multipathed FC storage for higher-priority workloads; all of which completely abstracted.
Up until Grizzly, backing up block devices was typically handed off to the storage platform and was not of concern to Cinder. With the latest code it's now possible to backup volumes straight into OpenStack Swift (the completely scale-out, fault-tolerant object storage project). This vastly enhances the disaster recovery options for OpenStack, they're true volume backups and are implementation agnostic.
This write-up wouldn't be complete without mentioning the two latest project additions to OpenStack that became incubating components in Grizzly. Firstly is Heat (https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Heat) which provides an orchestration layer based around compatibility with AWS CloudFormation templates. It implements basic high availability as well as automatic scaling of applications. Secondly, Ceilometer (https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Ceilometer) provides a billing and metering framework, allowing monitoring of instances and what resources they are consuming. I've not given either of these projects justice in the previous sentences but I will write individual articles explaining how relevant and important they will become to the success of OpenStack.
Let me know if you've got any questions.


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When I was writing another installment of my mage leveling guide today, I noticed something I had come across the night prior on my new level 20 mage – mages now get all their relevant city teleports at level 17. At the time, I didn't realize this though. The system for mages of all levels to learn relevant teleport and portal spells is still very unintuitive. I believe that there is a reason why it happened and I hope to suggest some things to fix this, however.
With Patch 5.0, Blizzard significantly revamped the leveling and talent system so that when anyone is leveling up, they no longer have to visit a trainer to acquire new spells. This is great; it means you're not constantly running back to a city and tracking down a trainer for your next spell. You can just pull it out of your spellbook and stick it on your bars. Mages had it slightly easier as we could, after a while, just teleport to our trainers. Everyone else was fucked though.
At level 17, all mages learn the base Teleport spell as well as the Portal spell at level 42. These two spells were designed recently to be icons that are a fly-out menu of every Teleport/Portal spell you have learned, making it easier for mages to pick an appropriate spell and keep your UI uncluttered. When you gain Teleport/Portal, you are given one free "out in the wild" teleport or portal spell to your "home" city (based on race). While leveling my Pandaren, I noticed she was given Orgrimmar. I figured I'd get other teleport spells at a later time. When checking the spells list on Wowhead, I noticed that every single city is listed as being learned at level 17. In order to learn all the cities available to you prior to level 60, you have to visit a Portal trainer.
This becomes somewhat of a problem to newer players (or even veteran players like myself) because it is not indicated anywhere that you can learn all the appropriate cities at level 17, or that to do so, you have to visit a Portal trainer. Also, what city you learn for free is based on your race, so if you're a Draenei, for instance, your free teleport is Exodar. This is great if you are still questing in that area, but most players I know skedaddle to Eastern Kingdoms by that point. Most cities are slightly more well-connected now but giving a mage a teleport spell to a city that isn't central to their activities with no indication of where to get the other cities from isn't very helpful. Sure, I eventually figured it out with the help of Wowhead, but what about someone who is new? Portal trainers aren't listed on a guard's gossip option, nor are they even standardized in terms of location when a mage teleports in.
This isn't even limited to low-level mages either – it's not immediately evident where to get new portals as you change expansions. I hit level 90 on my mage and it took me a while to find Larimaine here in Stormwind to learn my portal to Shrine of the Seven Stars. There's no portal trainer in the faction capitals in Pandaria (despite having a portal room), unlike in Shattrath or Dalaran.
I believe that several things that could be changed if we want make this system better for everyone involved:
- Indicate in both the level ding pop-up and a mage's spell book (similar to Riding skills) that there are additional teleport/portal spells available from a Portal Trainer.
- Standardize portal trainers in ALL cities, in similar locations. Some are near the Blasted Lands portal, some aren't. Some are near portals to Stormwind/Orgrimmar in later content, some aren't.
- Standardize a faction teleport – this directs all players to the faction capital. Make that portal trainer prominently standing when a mage teleports there to learn the other spells.
- Use a pop-up quest or tip to "teach" players where to go or who to talk to. Similar to the Dalaran quest about how to use the teleport stone at level 72, this might be an alternative method to teach newbies as to where to go.
- Give guards a gossip option for where a portal trainer in cities is located.
Hopefully if Blizzard makes some of these changes, it could lead to some nice quality of life changes for my fellow mages who are learning the teleportation arts. For any other issues with portals, please consult our handbook.
Edit: http://us.battle.net/wow/en/forum/1012760/
I posted a version of this up in the Mage forums (for lack of a better place) so if you want to go discuss there or gives a thumbs up!


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Joining an ACO? Questions to ask before you sign; HIPAA does not prevent disclosures about patients' threats of harm to self or others; Specialty societies team up to help physicians choose wisely; Failure to diagnose necrotizing fasciitis; Failure to appropriately prescribe narcotics
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Girls Gone Wild founder Joe Francis has dismissed reports his marriage has crumbled just seven weeks after the wedding ceremony.
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But Francis has dismissed the story as "false", admitting he found the gossip "funny", according to Hollyscoop.com.
— WENN Newsdesk


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Annual SFS Membership Meeting: Jan. 30
Join us for our Annual Slow Food Seattle Membership Meeting & Potluck on Sunday, January 30, 2011!
Free to all current SFS Members ~ Only $25 to join Slow Food!
We'll share some wonderful food, introduce our current board members and the slate of new candidates, as well as take some time to chat about the different programs and areas that Slow Food Seattle is currently working on in the our community.
SFS Members - please register for this FREE event: RSVP by Saturday, January 29th via Brown Paper Tickets
Bring a dish and bring the family!
Please bring a potluck dish (any course you prefer) and a non-alcoholic beverage to share. This meeting is FREE and open to all current Slow Food Seattle members and their families.
Dishes should be ready to serve and include serving utensils. Bring your own plates, flatware and glasses, etc. We'll provide cards for you to label your dish with its name & yours. Please note any dietary information that may be helpful to fellow members.
Share the Slow Food experience with friends and family: $25 makes you a member!
Event Info:
DATE: Sunday, January 30, 2011
TIME: 2:00 to 4:00 PM
LOCATION: Montlake Community Center | 1618 E Calhoun St, Seattle, 98112
Free Parking | Directions
Questions? Contact Jennifer Johnson at firstname.lastname@example.com or 206.423.4673.