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Yes or No?
Yes or No?
Better question, would you go to the match.
Yes and Yes
80 Minutes, 15 Positions, No Protection, Wanna Ruck?
Ruck Me, Maul Me, Make Me Scrum!
Education is Important, but Rugby is Importanter!
Third question, would you go if RA gets a slice of the profits
Maybe, depends on the deal
Probably if it was in Perth
No freaking way. That's why I didn't say definitely to the previous question
C'mon the
Lets just assume that RA get sweet FA. I would expect that any of these proposed fixtures will involve Minderoo having to foot the bill. They are not going to come racing all the way over here to play the Force at their own expense now ae they?
80 Minutes, 15 Positions, No Protection, Wanna Ruck?
Ruck Me, Maul Me, Make Me Scrum!
Education is Important, but Rugby is Importanter!
Hmmm to watch The Western Force players and coach in another jersey, one they didnt actively choose but was foisted on them, to have our team ripped from us and then have them come to Perth to rub it in our faces.
Id rather we versed other teams, this seems too soon
It would be a hard one to win. Normally that would not be sufficient reason not to play, however I am not interested in giving RA any reason to say they did the right thing. No No No.
Anyone from other countries is probably fine, including the Sunwolves. But playing any Australian team would be a strategic blunder for mine.
I would like some clarification as to who exactly is going to Melbourne tomorrow. Is it people from RugbyWA or is it people from Minderoo? They are two separate entities with separate agendas.
As I understand it, RugbyWA is looking after community rugby, the Force Foundation and the NRC team. Minderoo is dealing with getting a professional team back up and running in WA. If the aim is for the Rebels to play an exhibition game against the Force Mark II in June, then I see that as a Minderoo matter. So, why is the media saying the Chair of RugbyWA and the ex-Western Force CEO will be in Baden's box tomorrow night? Surely they mean Minderoo staff???
I am confused!!
Proudly Western Australian; Proudly supporting Western Australian rugby
great point Alison, 2 different agendas!..
I'm non fussed about the force mark 2 playing the force mark 1.. no winners there!
Yes. And I would go to the match if I was in Perth.
We are bigger than bitterness. We don't want to be the jaded ex-boyfriend/girlfriend. We want to be the transformed hottie that does not care what the others do/did and are happy with how things are going for us. We want to be big enough that the Rebels are just another team. Given the choice of flexing the Western Force's muscles against a Super Rugby team, I would take that choice. Whether it is the Rebels or someone else- no matter.
It is what is best for WA rugby.
Smoke me a kipper, I'll be back for breakfast.
If the Melbourne came to Perth the only thing it would be good for is to rob the kit manager and have a nice bonfire of the hideous rag that is the Melbourne Rebels jersey.
At this moment in time NO,NO,NO! Maybe in time and when we see what the Fd Up Rats Arse do and even then it will be painful looking at our team playing against us!
May the FORCE be with you!


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Geosynchronous orbit
A geosynchronous orbit (sometimes abbreviated GSO) is an orbit around the Earth with an orbital period of one sidereal day, intentionally matching the Earth's sidereal rotation period (approximately 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds).[1] The synchronization of rotation and orbital period means that, for an observer on the surface of the Earth, an object in geosynchronous orbit returns to exactly the same position in the sky after a period of one sidereal day. Over the course of a day, the object's position in the sky traces out a path, typically in a figure-8 form, whose precise characteristics depend on the orbit's inclination and eccentricity.
A special case of geosynchronous orbit is the geostationary orbit, which is a circular geosynchronous orbit at zero inclination (that is, directly above the equator). A satellite in a geostationary orbit appears stationary, always at the same point in the sky, to ground observers. Popularly or loosely, the term "geosynchronous" may be used to mean geostationary.[2] Specifically, geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) may be a synonym for geosynchronous equatorial orbit,[3] or geostationary Earth orbit.[4] Communications satellites are often given geostationary orbits, or close to geostationary, so that the satellite antennas that communicate with them do not have to move, but can be pointed permanently at the fixed location in the sky where the satellite appears.
A semi-synchronous orbit has an orbital period of 1/2 sidereal day, i.e., 11 h 58 min. Relative to the Earth's surface it has twice this period, and hence appears to go around the Earth once every day. Examples include the Molniya orbit and the orbits of the satellites in the Global Positioning System.
Orbital characteristics
Circular Earth geosynchronous orbits have a radius of 42,164 km (26,199 mi). All Earth geosynchronous orbits, whether circular or elliptical, have the same semi-major axis.[5] In fact, orbits with the same period always share the same semi-major axis:
where a is the semi-major axis, P is the orbital period, and μ is the geocentric gravitational constant, equal to 398600.4418 km3/s2.
In the special case of a geostationary orbit, the ground track of a satellite is a single point on the equator. In the general case of a geosynchronous orbit with a non-zero inclination or eccentricity, the ground track is a more or less distorted figure-eight, returning to the same places once per sidereal day.
Geostationary orbit
A geostationary orbit (GEO) is a circular geosynchronous orbit in the plane of the Earth's equator with a radius of approximately 42,164 km (26,199 mi) (measured from the center of the Earth). A satellite in such an orbit is at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km (22,236 mi) above mean sea level. It maintains the same position relative to the Earth's surface. If one could see a satellite in geostationary orbit, it would appear to hover at the same point in the sky, i.e., not exhibit diurnal motion, while the Sun, Moon, and stars would traverse the heavens behind it. The theoretical basis for this novel phenomenon of the sky goes back to Newton's theory of motion and gravity. In that theory, the existence of a geostationary satellite is made possible because the Earth rotates (with respect to an inertial frame in which Newton's laws of motion and gravity hold). However, as a practical device, the geostationary satellite owes much for its realisation to Arthur C. Clarke who proposed it during the 20th century and in whose honour the orbit is called a Clarke orbit. Such orbits are useful for telecommunications satellites.
A perfectly stable geostationary orbit is an ideal that can only be approximated. In practice the satellite drifts out of this orbit because of perturbations such as the solar wind, radiation pressure, variations in the Earth's gravitational field, and the gravitational effect of the Moon and Sun, and thrusters are used to maintain the orbit in a process known as station-keeping.
Other geosynchronous orbits
Elliptical geosynchronous orbits can be and are designed for communications satellites in order to keep the satellite within view of its assigned ground stations or receivers. A satellite in an elliptical geosynchronous orbit appears to oscillate in the sky from the viewpoint of a ground station, tracing an analemma (figure 8) in the sky. Satellites in highly elliptical orbits must be tracked by steerable ground stations.
The Infrared Space Observatory was in a highly-elliptical geosynchronous orbit with an orbital height of apogee 70,600 km and perigee 1,000 km. It was controlled by two ground stations.
The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), is a proposed three-satellite regional time transfer system and enhancement for GPS covering Japan.
An active geosynchronous orbit is a hypothetical orbit that could be maintained if forces other than gravity were also used, such as a solar sail. Such a statite could be geosynchronous in an orbit different (higher, lower, more or less elliptical, or some other path) from the conic section orbit dictated by the laws of gravity.
A further form of geosynchronous orbit is proposed for the theoretical space elevator, in which one end of the structure is tethered to the ground, maintaining a shorter orbital period than by gravity alone if under tension.
Other related orbit types are:
- Supersynchronous orbit – a disposal / storage orbit above GSO/GEO. Satellites drift in a westerly direction.
- Subsynchronous orbit – a drift orbit close to but below GSO/GEO. Used for satellites undergoing station changes in an eastern direction.
- Graveyard orbit – a supersynchronous orbit where spacecraft are intentionally placed at the end of their operational life.
Other synchronous orbits
Synchronous orbits can only exist for bodies that have a fixed surface (e.g. moons, rocky planets). Without such a surface (e.g. gas giants, black holes) there is no fixed point an orbit can be said to synchronise with. No synchronous orbit will exist if the body rotates so slowly that the orbit would be outside its Hill sphere, or so quickly that it would be inside the body. Large bodies which are held together by gravity cannot rotate that quickly since they would fly apart, so the last condition only applies to small bodies held together by other forces, e.g. smaller asteroids. Most inner moons of planets have synchronous rotation, so their synchronous orbits are, in practice, limited to their leading and trailing (L4 and L5) Lagrange points, as well as the L1 and L2 Lagrange points, assuming they do not fall within the body of the moon. Objects with chaotic rotations (such as exhibited by Hyperion) are also problematic, as their synchronous orbits change unpredictably.
At the end of 1928, the Austro-Hungarian rocket engineer Herman Potočnik set out a plan for a breakthrough into space and the establishment of a permanent human presence there. He conceived a space station in detail and was the first person to calculate the geostationary orbit, on which the station would orbit the Earth.
Author Arthur C. Clarke is credited with proposing the notion of using a geostationary orbit for communications satellites.[6] The orbit is also known as the Clarke Orbit. Together, the collection of artificial satellites in these orbits is known as the Clarke Belt.
The first communications satellite placed in a geosynchronous orbit was Syncom 2, launched in 1963. However, it was in an inclined orbit, still requiring the use of moving antennas. The first communications satellite placed in a geostationary orbit was Syncom 3. Geostationary orbits have been in common use ever since, in particular for satellite television.
Geostationary satellites also carry international telephone traffic but they are being replaced by fiber optic cables in heavily populated areas and along the coasts of less developed regions, because of the greater bandwidth available and lower latency, due to the inherent disconcerting delay in communicating via a satellite in such a high orbit. It takes electromagnetic waves about a quarter of a second to travel from one end to the other end of the link. Thus, two parties talking via satellite are subject to about a half second delay in a round-trip message/response sequence.
Although many populated land locations on the planet now have terrestrial communications facilities (microwave, fiber-optic), even undersea, with more than sufficient capacity, telephone and Internet access is still available only via satellite in many places in Africa, Latin America, and Asia, as well as isolated locations that have no terrestrial facilities, such as Canada's Arctic islands, Antarctica, the far reaches of Alaska and Greenland, and ships at sea.
See also
- Low Earth orbit
- Medium Earth orbit
- Geostationary orbit
- Geosynchronous satellite
- Graveyard orbit
- List of orbits
- List of satellites in geosynchronous orbit
- Molniya orbit
- ↑ V. Chobotov, ed., (1996) Orbital Mechanics, 2nd edition, AIAA Education Series, p. 304.
- ↑ C. D. Brown (1998), Spacecraft Mission Design, 2nd Edition, AIAA Education Series, p. 81
- ↑ "Ariane 5 User's Manual Issue 5 Revision 1" (PDF). arianespace. July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "What is orbit?". NASA. October 25, 2001. Retrieved 2013-03-10.
Satellites that seem to be attached to some location on Earth are in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO)...Satellites headed for GEO first go to an elliptical orbit with an apogee about 23,000 miles. Firing the rocket engines at apogee then makes the orbit round. Geosynchronous orbits are also called geostationary.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Vallado, David A. (2007). Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications. Hawthorne, CA: Microcosm Press. p. 31.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ A. C. Clarke, "Extra-Terrestrial Relays," Wireless World, Vol. 51, No. 10, pp. 305-308, 1945
External links
- Satellites currently in Geosynchronous Orbit, list updated daily
- Science@NASA - Geosynchronous Orbit
- NASA - Planetary Orbits
- Science Presse data on Geosynchronous Orbits (including historical data and launch statistics)
- ORBITAL MECHANICS (Rocket and Space Technology)
- fils.html
- Time lapse of Geostationary Satellites Beyond the Alps

subset: commoncrawl


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Lifeway Pumpkin Spice Kefir
Most people overindulge during the holidays, and it's very easy to end up throwing your digestive system out of balance. This is particularly true if you suffer from celiac or gluten intolerance, so one easy and delicious solution to this issue is to add Kefir probiotic drinks to your meal plan to counteract these effects.
This Pumpkin Spice is a special seasonal flavor that is only out for a limited time. You will fall in love with this flavor at first taste, as it boasts a subtle sweet pumpkin taste with not too much spice. It is rich and thick and similar to egg nog in consistency, and packed with 10 potent probiotics to support healthy digestive function. Poured into a glass with a few sprinkles of cinnamon, ginger & nutmeg on top, it makes a healthy and very visually appealing holiday party drink or breakfast smoothie.
Lifeway Kefir products are gluten free, 99% lactose free and contain no artificial sweeteners. These items have a taste similar to that of yogurts' tanginess, with this specific style is a winning seasonal offering for sure.
The healthy Probiotic cultures found in Lifeway Kefir enhance the immune system, balance digestive health, and are easy to indulge in, no matter who you are or how busy your life is. They provide the best low-fat nutrition in one delicious beverage, with the live cultures or "microorganisms" such as bacteria or yeast that improve health.
Lifeway provides an exclusive blend of 12 Live and Active Kefir Cultures, high protein, and high calcium, there is nothing better for your health. While yogurt contains a few strains of "live and active" cultures, Lifeway is loaded with them, helping to promote good digestion, cause weight loss, boost immune system function, alleviate lactose intolerance, IBS, Crohn's Disease as well as Colitis.
Your intestinal tract is your largest immune system organ, and helps protects us against illness. With over 400 species of bacteria living in our intestines, it is very important that we keep the levels of good and bad bacteria in balance. But, Kefir not only keeps us healthy, it is an excellent source of calcium & protein, it's 99% lactose free and 100% Gluten Free. So creamy and delicious, this is a yogurt-like smoothie your whole family will enjoy.
Probiotics have also been found as useful in the decrease of common childhood problems such as ear infections, strep throat, colds, and diarrheal illness. The study included 638 children aged 3 to 6 in day care centers/schools. The children who drank a yogurt drink containing a probiotic were 19% less likely to come down with a common infection.
Try My Pumpkin Pie Smoothie (Probiotics)
Follow Lifeway Kefir on Twitter @lifeway_kefir


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hood(redirected from 'hoods)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia.
1. The anterior part of the integument of soft ticks (family Argasidae) that extends over the capitulum and forms the roof of the camerostome.
2. An expanded, covering structure that resembles the hood of robe or cloak in shape or function, such as the extensor digital expansions that overly the dorsal aspect of the heads of the metacarpals.
[O.E. hōd, hat]
hor·i·zon·tal lam·i·nar flow hood(hōr'i-zon'tăl lam'i-năr' flō hud)
A laminar flow hood in which the air is pushed through a filter horizontally toward the user to maintain a sterile environment.
lam·i·nar flow hood(lam'i-năr flō hud)
An enclosure in which air flow is directed so as to prevent contamination of sterile materials by airborne organisms.
Synonym(s): hood.
Synonym(s): hood.
ver·ti·cal lam·in·ar flow hood(vĕr'ti-kăl lam'i-năr flō hud)
A laminar flow hood in which the air is pushed through a filter vertically to protect the user from exposure to harmful materials.
an item of horse clothing. A cloth cover for the head; with eye and ear holes.
long hood
covers the head and neck to the shoulders.


text:
Memoirs of the Court of Charles the Second
Henry G. Bohn, 1853 - 546 páginas
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Términos y frases comunes
acquainted adventure afterwards agreeable Anthony Hamilton appeared army attended beauty Blague Boscobel brother Charles charms Chevalier de Grammont Clarendon coach Colonel Count de Grammont Countess court danger daughter desired died Duchess Duchess of Cleveland Duke of Buckingham Duke of York Earl endeavoured England entertainment favour fortune France gentleman give horse husband Jermyn John Killegrew king king's knew Lady Castlemaine Lady Chesterfield letter London Lord Clarendon Lord Falmouth Lord Rochester Lord Wilmot lover maids of honour majesty majesty's manner Marquis married master Matta merit Miss Hamilton Miss Hobart Miss Jennings Miss Price Miss Stewart Miss Temple mistress Monsieur never night Note obliged occasion Penderel person play pleased pleasure present Prince queen rebels resolved Richard Penderell royal says sent shewed soon supper Talbot tell thing thought tion told took Turenne whilst Whitgreave wife Worcester
Pasajes populares
Página 336 - ... all the officers of all kinds, so much as the very fiddlers, in red vests. At last comes in the Dean and Prebendaries of Westminster, with the Bishops (many of them in cloth of gold copes), and after them the Nobility, all in their Parliament robes, which was a most magnificent sight.
Página 435 - EVIL! according to custom, thus: his Majesty sitting under his state in the banqueting house, the chirurgeons cause the sick to be brought, or led, up to the throne, where they kneeling, the King strokes their faces, or cheeks with both his hands at once, at which instant a chaplain in his formalities says, " He put his hands upon them, and he healed them.
Página 337 - Glynne, whose horse fell upon him yesterday, and is like to kill him, which people do please themselves to see how just God is to punish the rogue at such a time as this : he being now one of the King's Serjeants, and rode in the cavalcade with Maynard, to whom people wish the same fortune.
Página 492 - And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem, Arise, and let us flee ; for we shall not else escape from Absalom: make speed to depart, lest he overtake us suddenly, and bring evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.
Página 403 - That the stage is now by his pains a thousand times better and more glorious than ever heretofore. Now, waxcandles, and many of them; then, not above 3 Ibs. of tallow; now, all things civil, no rudeness anywhere; then, as in a bear-garden...
Página 442 - I have a mind to a new wife; but for all that, I will not see an innocent woman abused...
Página 348 - And in the Privy-garden saw the finest smocks and linnen petticoats of my Lady Castlemaine's, laced with rich lace at the bottom, that ever I saw: and did me good to look at them.
Página 439 - Where London's column, pointing to the skies Like a tall bully, lifts its head and lies.
Página 438 - He said, it was a wicked thing to make a poor lady miserable, only because she was his wife, and had no children by him, which was no fault of hers.
Página 442 - In another passage Oates's personal appearance is thus described. — ' He was a low man, of an ill cut, very short neck, and his visage and features were most particular. His mouth was the centre of his face ; and a compass there would sweep his nose, forehead, and chin, within the perimeter.


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Garmin-Transitions' lead sprinter, American Tyler Farrar, will test his early-season form in the Persian Gulf this week, as he kicks off his 2010 season with Tour of Qatar stage race. The roads of this six-day race, which starts with a team time trial on Sunday, are mostly flat, with the main challenge being the punishing winds that buffet this area on the northern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.
Farrar will be supported by a seven-man team including Canadian Svein Tuft and Belgian Johan Van Summeren, a newcomer to the team.
The team will start their week in Qatar by racing their Felt DA TT bikes against the clock on Sunday's 8.2-kilometer Team Time Trial.
Garmin-Transitions Tour of Qatar roster
Tyler Farrar
Steven Cozza
Murillo Antonio Fischer
Martijn Maaskant
Svein Tuft
Ricardo Van Der Velde
Johan Van Summeren


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European Commission
Brussels, 11 July 2012
Proposed Directive on collective management of copyright and related rights and multi-territorial licensing – frequently asked questions
1. What is copyright and what are the related rights?
These are rights granted to authors (copyright) and to performers, producers and broadcasters (related rights) to ensure that those who have created or invested in the creation of music, or other content such as literature or films, can determine how their creation can be used and receive remuneration for it. Copyright is both an incentive to and a reward for creativity.
Copyright and related rights include so-called "economic rights" which enable rightholders to control (license) the use of their works and other protected material (such as performances, records, audiovisual productions and broadcasts), and be remunerated for their use. These rights normally take the form of exclusive rights and include the right to copy or otherwise reproduce any kind of work and other protected subject matter; the right to distribute copies to the public and the right to communicate to the public performances of such works and other protected subject matter. These rights are, to a large extent, harmonised at EU level.
Authors are also granted so-called "moral rights". Moral rights may include the right to decide on when or whether to make the work public, the right to claim authorship of the work and the right to object to any derogatory action in relation to the work. Moral rights are not harmonised at EU level.
2. How important are copyright and related rights for the European economy?
Copyright is a spur for growth: it has significant economic and social importance. The European Competiveness Report of 2010 showed that the creative industries1 accounted for 3% of EU27 employment (around 6.7 million jobs). On the global stage, the contribution of these industries to GDP and national employment is much higher, reaching a contribution of 5.4% to GDP, and representing 5.9% of employment on average2. There is therefore still more economic potential to be drawn from the creative industries in Europe, which legislative changes like the one proposed today would help to tap.
In Europe, the value of the EU recorded music market is around 6 billion euro.
Collecting societies
3. What is the collective management of copyright and related rights?
An author (for example an author of a book, a song composer, or lyricist), a performer, record or film producer or broadcaster (the holder of a copyright or a related right) can normally choose between individual management (management by the author of a book or by a publisher), or collective management of their rights.
Collective rights management is mostly carried out by collecting societies. Their key activities are:
Collecting societies make it possible for commercial users to clear rights for a large number of music tracks or other works, where individual negotiations – such as with individual composers and lyricists, in the case of musical works – would be impractical. Collective management is mostly used by authors and performers (as opposed to producers or publishers), and it is particularly important in the licensing of rights for musical works.
4. What is a collecting society?
Collecting societies are organisations traditionally set up by authors, performers, and other kinds of rightholders, to collectively manage their rights. They aggregate the rights of one or several types of rightholders for licensing purposes to grant licences to commercial users (TV channels, radio stations, online music service providers) on their behalf. They also provide services such as monitoring the use of rights and collecting and distributing royalties. They provide services to rightholders, to users and to other collecting societies.
Collecting societies are historically established on a national basis and, in particular as regards off-line uses, they license rights for their own territory (although there are important exceptions to this principle).
5. How many collecting societies are there in the EU?
There are more than 250 collecting societies in the EU. In general, there is one collecting society representing all or some of the rights of a category of rightholders in a given Member State: a collecting society for authors, another one for record producers, another one for audiovisual producers, another one for performers, and so on. Examples of collecting societies are SACEM which handles rights for musical works in France; PRS for Music, the association of composers, songwriters and music publishers in the UK, and GEMA in Germany.
In some cases, it is possible that a collecting society manages the rights of more than one category of rightholders (for example, there are often joint collecting societies for performers and record producers, such as PPL in the UK). In a few cases, it is possible to find competing collecting societies which represent the same category of rightholders in the same country (for example, SGAE and DAMA in Spain both manage the rights of authors in audiovisual works).
6. What is the size of the market: how much money do collecting societies manage?
Collecting societies collect around 6 billion euro in the EU every year. The vast majority of this income is in the hands of approximately 70 EU collecting societies managing authors' rights (for over one million authors). Most of this income is derived from musical creations (more than 80% in the case of authors' societies).
7. What is a repertoire?
A collecting society normally represents and licenses the rights of a high number of rightholders (authors such as song-writers and composers, performers such as singers and musicians, and so on). The sum of the rights of all the rightholders a collecting society represents directly constitutes the society's own repertoire. This is often limited to domestic works.
8. What is a reciprocal representation agreement?
Collecting societies from different countries traditionally grant each other the right to license their repertoires in each other's territory through a network of reciprocal representation agreements. Through these bilateral agreements, a collecting society can license its own repertoire and the repertoire of other collecting societies in its own territory, thus facilitating access by domestic users to a broader repertoire. In the case of authors' rights in musical works, the reciprocal agreements are normally limited to the territory in which the collecting society operates.
Legislative proposal – key changes
9. Why is the Commission proposing legislation?
Firstly, the functioning of some collecting societies has raised concerns as to their transparency, governance and the handling of revenues collected on behalf of right-holders. Cases of risky investment by certain collecting societies of royalties that should have gone to rightholders highlighted the lack of oversight and influence of rightholders on the activities of a number of collecting societies, contributing to irregularities in their financial management and investment decisions.
Secondly, the collective management of rights is also important for the licensing of online service providers (music download services, streaming services). This is particularly the case as regards authors' rights (the rights of those that compose the music or write the lyrics). Online service providers often want to cover a multitude of territories and a large catalogue of music. They also often want to test new business models. All this makes online licensing very demanding. Many collecting societies today are not ready for this: they do not have the capacity to process data from service providers (like Spotify or Nokia Music) on music downloads and streaming, or to match this data with their repertoire of songs. This can lead to incorrect invoicing, dual invoicing, or sometimes no invoicing at all. To address this, collecting societies need to set up proper databases to be able to keep better track of their own repertoire – one of the requirements in today's legislative proposal.
The result is fewer music services available to consumers across the EU (in particular in certain Member States - Malta, Luxembourg, Cyprus, Slovenia, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Greece and Romania), a slower uptake of innovative services and poor allocation of revenue to rightholders.
10. Why does the Commission propose to impose rules on collecting societies?
Collecting societies need to modernise their operations to meet the challenges of a fast-evolving digital economy. An underlying problem is the insufficient transparency and control of the way collecting societies are managed. It is necessary that they provide a more efficient service to rightholders and users (service providers) alike: better collection and redistribution of revenue, accurate invoicing and more granting of multi-territorial licences for aggregated repertoire.
11. What are the specific objectives of the proposal?
The specific objectives of the proposal are to:
12. Who would benefit from the proposed Directive?
Rightholders, service providers and consumers would be the main beneficiaries of the proposal.
It would be easier for service providers to clear rights (by lowering transaction costs) with better functioning collecting societies adapted to the challenges of the 21st century. This should facilitate the rolling out of new services, in particular in the online world across the single market. European consumers would thus benefit from access to a wider variety of creative content.
Rightholders would exercise more control over collecting societies and would be able to exercise informed choices as to who manages their rights. While in principle rightholders can choose to have their rights managed by any collecting society, today's proposed Directive would enshrine this in law. Thus, they would be able to reap the full benefits of the Single Market. Moreover, increased business opportunities and better managed collecting societies should result in increased revenue distributed to rightholders. This, in turn, should provide additional incentives for creativity.
13. What are the expected impacts on collecting societies?
Firstly, all collecting societies would have to improve their standards on governance and transparency:
Secondly, collecting societies managing authors' rights in musical works, for the licensing of those rights for online uses, would be subject to modern requirements adapted to the digital era, such as enhanced capability to process large amounts of data, accurate identification of the works used by the service providers, fast invoicing to service providers and timely payment to right-holders.
14. How is music licensed for use on the internet today? What would change?
Today, if an online music provider like iTunes wants to provide a music track for download, it needs to obtain a licence to do so from three separate entities: the track's author (the composer and lyricist), the record producer, and the performer. Collecting societies manage one of these: the author's rights. (The record producer and the performer's licences are usually both managed by the record producer). It is the functioning of the licence of authors' rights for on-line use which is set to be improved by the Directive proposed today.
15. Why not one entry point – a single European licence?
A single entry point would require that collecting societies pool their repertoire for licensing online rights to a centralised organisation. This would create an organisation with a de facto monopoly power. There is a high risk that this could create restrictions to competition, such as customer allocation or price fixing. This behaviour would not be allowed by the competition rules of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU.
Bear in mind that today's collecting societies can issue licences for use of music tracks across the EU. The problem is that many still do not do so, or do not do it in an accurate or fast enough manner. Today's proposal aims to improve this situation. For example, a French collecting society which seeks to make its repertoire available in other countries would have four choices:
What is important to note is that if a Polish collecting society, say, were to ask for its Polish repertoire to be licensed across multiple countries by the Italian collecting society in the example above which aggregates its own and the French repertoire, or the French-Swedish-British-Dutch subsidiary which also aggregates repertoire and licenses it across multiple territories, they could not refuse to do so.
Furthermore, if a collecting society does not do any multi-territorial licensing, through any of the four methods just described, then the rightholders it represents would have the right to grant their online rights in musical works to another collecting society or another entity to do multi-territorial licensing on their behalf, or to do it themselves, without losing membership of their original collecting society. These measures would ensure that no national repertoire of music remains locked in to one territory.
16. What is the expected impact on access to cultural content and cultural diversity?
Safeguarding innovation and intellectual creation, notably through an effective protection of copyright and related rights, is particularly important from a cultural point of view. It is one of the main ways of ensuring that European cultural creativity and production receive the necessary resources, as well as a way of safeguarding the independence of artistic creators and performers.
More efficient collecting societies should be better able to promote their different repertoires and the new rules should foster the development of online services providing cross-border access to all kinds of musical works (see Question 15). Consumers would have easier access to national and niche repertoires, beyond the traditional national boundaries. This would make cross-border access to cultural content easier and cultural diversity would thus be enriched.
Article 167 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union requires the Union to take cultural aspects into account in its action, in particular in order to respect and to promote the diversity of its cultures.
17. Which are the key measures to improve the governance of collecting societies?
First and foremost, rightholders should be free to choose a collecting society to manage their rights (or categories of rights or types of works) regardless of the country of establishment of the collecting society or of their own residence. They should also be free to terminate the authorisation they gave to a collecting society for the management of their rights or withdraw only some of their rights. Collecting societies should not discriminate between rightholders.
Secondly, the general meeting of the members of a collecting society should decide on the key matters within the collecting society. In particular, they should elect and dismiss the directors of the society, decide on the key policies such as the distribution and the investment of the collected revenue and the rules on deductions from the collected revenue.
Thirdly, as the general meeting is usually convened only once a year, collecting societies should establish a supervisory function to monitor the activities of the management in the interest of the right-holders. Supervision could be carried out within the board by non-executive board members or via a separate supervisory board.
Finally, the senior management of the collecting society should make sure that the society is managed in a sound and prudent manner, using sound administrative, accounting and internal control procedures.
18. How would the financial management of collecting societies improve?
Since collecting societies collect and handle revenue that ultimately belongs to rightholders, they need to establish sound financial management practices. In particular, they have to keep and manage these amounts separately from their own assets and cannot use them for their own account. They should also ensure sufficient transparency on any deduction they make. Finally, collecting societies should regularly and diligently pay royalties to rightholders - no later than one year from the end of the financial year in which the amounts were collected.
19. What would improved transparency mean for right-holders, users and for the public?
Rightholders can only exercise their rights if they have sufficient information available from the management of the collecting society. Therefore collecting societies should provide rightholders and other collecting societies on whose behalf they manage rights under a representation agreement, with detailed information on the collected revenue and the deductions.
Transparency towards users would also have to improve; in particular they should be able to receive information on standard licensing contracts, the applicable tariffs and the repertoire a collecting society represents.
Finally, collecting societies would have to make public on their website information on their structure and their financial management. As regards their structure, they would have to publish their statute, the membership terms, the available dispute resolution mechanisms, etc. As regards financial management, they would have to draw up and publish an annual transparency report including detailed accounts, financial information and a special report on the use of the amounts deducted for purposes of social, cultural and educational services.
20. Why are different dispute settlement mechanisms foreseen for rightholders, members and users?
Disputes between the rightholders or members and the collecting society most often concern the authorisation by rightholders to have their rights managed by a collecting society, membership terms, deductions or the collection or distribution of royalties. These disputes can often be resolved within the collecting society through a complaint-handling mechanism or externally, via court, mediation or other forms of dispute resolution. The proposal does not limit Member States in their choice of a mechanism, as long as it is effective and ensures the timely resolution of the conflict.
The disputes between collecting societies and users mainly concern licensing conditions, tariffs or the refusal to grant a licence. In these cases, the resolution of a dispute can only be achieved through an independent and impartial dispute resolution body, i.e. via mediation, arbitration or a court. On the other hand, due to the specificities of multi-territorial licensing, the proposal foresees the submission of related disputes to alternative dispute resolution bodies (such as arbitration). This however does not prevent the parties from going to court.
Multi-territorial licensing
21. What is a multi-territorial licence of authors' rights in musical works for online uses?
It is a licence granted by a collecting society which includes authors' (for example composers or lyricists) rights in musical works for online uses (such as for a service provider offering streaming services) and which covers the territory of more than one Member State (and possibly the whole of the EU).
22. Who needs to get the multi-territorial licences of authors' rights in musical works, and for what purposes?
The providers of online services which make use of musical works in more than one Member State, such as music services that allow consumers to download music or to listen to it in streaming mode, as well as other services providing access to films or games where music is an important element, must first obtain the right to use such works.
These rights are the exclusive right of reproduction and the exclusive right of communication to the public of musical works, which includes the right of making available. While record producers (who often have the rights of performers) and music publishers tend to manage their rights individually, music authors generally rely on collecting societies that provide collective management services to them.
Any service provider wishing to provide an online service on a multi-territorial basis across EU Member States including a wide choice of musical works to consumers, would need to aggregate rights in works from different rightholders and collecting societies.
23. Which collecting societies would be able to grant multi-territorial licences of authors' rights in musical works for online uses?
In order to be able to grant multi-territory licences covering authors' rights in musical works, a collecting society would need to comply with minimum quality standards: it should be able to accurately identify to the service providers the music repertoire it licenses on a per-work basis, to rapidly invoice online service providers on a per-work basis and to pay the amounts due to each right-holder on time. This requires the capacity to appropriately and accurately handle data electronically.
24. Why would only a limited number of collecting societies be able to grant multi-territorial licences of authors' rights in musical works for online uses?
Any collecting society complying with the minimum quality standards would be able to grant multi-territorial licences of authors' rights in musical works for online uses. However, it could be possible that given the need to invest in appropriate ICT equipment and data processing (such as databases) some collecting societies decide not to undertake such investment. All collecting societies would have in any event the possibility to aggregate their repertoire with the repertoire of a collecting society that complies with the minimum quality standards and is involved in the aggregation of repertoires (that is, licenses not only its own repertoire).
A society would also be allowed to outsource services related to the multi-territorial licences it grants, without prejudice to its liability towards rightholders, online service providers or other collecting societies.
25. How would Member States evaluate whether a collecting society has the capability to grant multi-territorial licences of authors' rights in musical works for online uses?
The proposed Directive does not require Member States to set up a prior authorisation or licensing system for collecting societies. However, it requires them to appoint relevant competent authorities to continuously monitor compliance with the requirements laid down in the proposed Directive by collecting societies established in their territory when granting multi-territorial licences for online rights in musical works.
These national competent authorities must be empowered to administer complaints procedures, and effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions. However, the proposed Directive does not require Member States to set up supervisors specifically dedicated to the oversight of collecting societies (for example, a national ministry may undertake the monitoring function).
26. What happens if a collecting society is not equipped to provide multi-territorial licences of authors' rights in musical works for online uses?
A collecting society may decide not to grant multi-territorial licences for authors' rights in musical works for online uses, but it could continue to grant national licences for its own repertoire and/or national licences for the repertoire of other societies, provided it is authorised to do so through reciprocal agreements.
However, in order to ensure that repertoires can be easily aggregated for the benefit of music service providers who want to offer a service as complete as possible across Europe and for the benefit of cultural diversity and consumers at large, specific safeguards would apply to ensure that the repertoires of all collecting societies have access to multi-territorial licensing:
27. Who would benefit from multi-territorial licences of authors' rights in musical works for online uses?
The aggregation of rights and territories by the collecting societies granting this type of licence would allow service providers ("users" or "licensees") to use a large amount of musical works in several territories with a single licence. The licensing process would thus be simplified, make it more cost efficient (fewer licences, faster procedures, more territories covered). This would make it easier for service-providers to launch new services, for the benefit of consumers, who would have a wider choice, and also for the benefit of rightholders, who would see their content used more often and would be remunerated for this.
More information
Video: Online music in Europe: A single market, diverging views (October 2011)
Creative industries include information services such as publishing activities (books, periodicals and software), motion pictures, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities, programming and broadcasting activities, computer programming, architectural and engineering services, advertising, design activities, photographic activities, translation and interpretation activities, creative, arts and entertainment activities.
cf. Copyright + Creativity = Jobs and Economic Growth, WIPO studies on the economic contribution of copyright industries, WIPO 2012:
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Mathematical Works of Colin Maclaurin
- Geometrica Organica (London, 1720).
- A Treatise of Fluxions, 2 volumes (Edinburgh, 1742).
- A Treatise of Algebra, with an Appendix, De Linearum Geometricarum Proprietatibus generalibus (1748) (translated into English in the fifth edition, 1788); edited by Maclaurin's literary executors, Martin Folkes, Andrew Mitchell and John Hill, chaplain to John Herring, Archbishop of York.
- An Account of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy, published (1748) by subscription by Patrick Murdoch for the benefit of Maclaurin's children, prefaced by a memoir of Maclaurin.
- Publications in the Philosophical Transactions -
- Of the Construction and Measure of Curves, No. 356 (1718).
- A New Method of describing all kinds of Curves, No. 359 (1719).
- A Letter to Mr Folkes on Equations with Impossible Roots, May, 1726, No. 394.
- A second such letter, March, 1729, No. 408.
- On the Description of Curves, with an account of further improvements, and a paper dated Nancy, 27 Nov., 1722, No. 439 (1732).
- An Account of the Treatise of Fluxions, No. 467.
- An Account of the Treatise of Fluxions, continued, No. 469.
- A Rule for finding the Meridional Parts of a Spheroid with the same exactness as of a Sphere, No. 461 (1741).
- Of the basis of the Cells wherein the Bees deposit their Honey, No. 471 (1743).
- Of the Construction and Measure of Curves, No. 356 (1718).
- Publications in the Physical and Literary Society, Edinburgh, Vol. I.
- On the sudden and surprising changes observed in the surface of Jupiter's body.
- On the cause of the variation of the obliquity of the ecliptic.
- On the sudden and surprising changes observed in the surface of Jupiter's body.
JOC/EFR April 2007
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Senators understand challenge Penguins will presentby Erin Nicks
OTTAWA -- The Ottawa Senators learned Saturday night that they would be facing the Pittsburgh Penguins in the Eastern Conference Semifinals, leading some to wonder how the Senators will handle another round of drama after their emotional series with the Montreal Canadiens.
The Senators have a postseason history with the Penguins -- they haven't beaten Pittsburgh in the playoffs since 2007, where they were victorious in the first round en route to an appearance in the Stanley Cup Final, and eventual loss to the Anaheim Ducks. Since that time, the Senators have lost twice to the Penguins, in 2008 and 2010, both series taking place in the quarterfinals.
The incident this season involving Penguins wing Matt Cooke and Senators defenseman Erik Karlsson did nothing to warm relations between the two clubs. Cooke's skate sliced through the left Achilles tendon of Karlsson during a game on Feb. 13, and the Swede required surgery to repair the cut.
Much was made of the incident at the time, but Karlsson is ready to move forward and refuses to let history become a distraction.
Defenseman Jared Cowen noticed some of the success that the New York Islanders had against the Penguins in their series in pushing Pittsburgh to six games.
"The Islanders play kind of similar to us," Cowen said about the way they pressured on the forecheck. "I think we can simulate that, but maybe have more success in the offensive zone."
"I don't think any other team was as consistent [in the East] as the Penguins throughout the regular season, even though they had their struggles with injuries," captain Daniel Alfredsson said. "You look at them 5-on-5, you have to be good. And special teams, they have to be in our favor.
"I think we're a different team [than in previous playoff losses to the Penguins]. So are they, but their core has been together for a while and has some experience. They're always a team that for the last four or five years, has always been a significant force. We know we're in for a tough task. But the tougher the road, the bigger the reward."


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How to Use
Map 1: Fredericksburg, Virginia
and surrounding region.
1. How do you think geography helped determine Fredericksburg's lasting place in history?
2. What was the capital of the Confederate States during the Civil War? What was the capital of the United States?
3. Use the scale on the map to determine how many miles each city is from Fredericksburg.
* The map on this screen has a resolution of 72 dots per inch (dpi), and therefore will print poorly. You can obtain a high quality version of Map 1, but be aware that the file may take as much as 20 seconds to load with a 28.8K modem.


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Family forced to flee their home as sectarian tensions in Iraq reach boiling point
When Sunni militants painted an "X" on the front of her house in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul, Um Ban knew she and her family would have to flee.
Her sister-in-law ran a beauty salon from the family home and in the eyes of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, all who lived there were infidels.
"It was a message to us that the people running this salon were haram, or forbidden," she says.
With her two-month old baby girl and three-year-old daughter in tow, Um Ban, her husband and five other family members packed their car and left, just days after ISIL swept into Iraq's second largest city and took over.
"You cannot imagine the situation in Mosul," says 22-year-old Um Ban, sitting in the sparse lounge room of her temporary home in the Baghdad neighbourhood of al-Ja'afar, her baby girl, Ghufran, cradled in her arms.
"They were trying to frighten us with psychological warfare, bullets were flying, cars were burnt out and there were bodies on the street – when we first arrived in Baghdad we could not sleep after all that we saw."
With striking eyebrow tattoos above her large brown eyes, Um Ban says from the moment ISIL arrived, she was no longer allowed to walk on the streets with her face uncovered, regardless of the modest hijab she wears.
"If I cannot walk on the street, I no longer have a life," she says.
Their 12-hour journey along the dirt back roads from Mosul to Baghdad was fraught with danger.
They encountered ISIL militants, heavily armed with black balaclavas covering their faces, who made them detour down another back road, further prolonging their trip before they made it to their country's heavily fortified capital.
Yes, Um Ban says, she feels safer here. But for how long?
With large parts of the country in the hands of ISIL and other Sunni militant groups and Shiite militia massing around Baghdad in preparation for what many fear is an imminent ISIL assault, observers say sectarian tensions are close to boiling point.
Around 180 US special advisers are now believed to be on the ground in Iraq, advising the country's military on its fight against the Sunni insurgents.
They are backed, according to reports in the US media, by Predator drones armed with Hellfire missiles that on Friday began flying missions over Baghdad and other areas under threat.
There are several important deadlines looming for Iraq – the first is the start of the holy fasting month of Ramadan on Sunday and the next is Tuesday's scheduled date for the opening of the new parliament.
For the second time in as many weeks, Iraq's senior Shiite cleric has spoken out about the country's ongoing crisis, urging the country's leaders to choose a new prime minister before parliament opens next week.
Last week Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani called for Iraqis to fight against the Sunni insurgents, this week he urged political leaders to stick to the country's constitutional timeline and fill the key positions of president (nominally Sunni), prime minister (nominally Shiite) and speaker (nominally Kurdish) quickly.
Al Sistani's spokesman Abdul Mahdi Karbalai said during a Friday sermon that such a move would be "the beginning of the political solution that everyone is looking for", Agence-France Presse reported.
Meanwhile in the strategic oil town of Baiji, security forces were in control inside and around the city's refinery, locals told Fairfax Media by phone.
"The insurgents are attacking the refinery again and again but we have elite military fighters here, backed up by helicopters carrying out air strikes, so the security forces seem to be holding on," said Sheikh Abdullah Jbouri.
While the soldiers were working to secure the refinery, Sunni tribal fighters and local police were securing the town, Sheikh Jbouri said.
No one should be fighting alongside ISIL, he insisted, regardless of how poorly Sunnis feel treated by the overtly sectarian government of Shiite Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki.
"The insurgents are attacking what is sacred to us – this alone is motivating our people to fight," he said. "In areas where ISIL is in control there is less than nothing.
"They have cut electricity, there is no fuel, there is no food, prices are high, hospitals are only offering limited services – they want to take us back to the ages of darkness, before Islam itself."
Since the uprising began earlier this month, the United Nations estimates more than 1000 people have been killed and nearly 500,000 displaced.


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Children get allergies from coming into contact with allergens. Allergens can be inhaled, eaten, or injected (from stings or medicine) or they can come into contact with the skin.
Allergies tend to run in families. If a parent has an allergy, there is a higher chance that his or her child also will have allergies. This risk increases if both parents are allergic.
Identifying and avoiding the things your child is allergic to is best.


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|photo credit: allegra_
Houston always has the biggest and best—being the energy capital of the world we have to honor one of the best alternative energies – WIND. The week of June 1 we had the largest Wind Power 2008 Conference and Exhibition in the world at the George R. Brown convention center, sponsored by the American Wind Energy Association or AWEA.
This was a total learning experience for me. Do you know what a nacelle is? Neither did I until I attended the NEED teacher workshop at the conference. NEED is considered the best energy education resource in the world. NEED workshops provide staff development and continuing education for teachers and sometimes even graduate credit. The Houston Museum of Natural Science is always honored to be associated with this exceptional group and is planning many NEED workshops at the HMNS during the next school year.
The NEED Wind Energy workshop was one of the most valuable and fun workshops I have attended.
|photo credit: Joshua Davis (jdavis.info)
Mainly we learned why we should teach about wind energy – it is one of the fastest growing, cheapest, renewable, environmentally friendly, energy sources available. Every state in the U.S. has wind energy sources. The country that uses the most wind energy is Germany; Spain is second and the U.S. is third, which uses about half as much as Germany. Texas produces the most wind energy in the U.S. The city of Houston starting July 1 will get 1/5 of its energy from wind for the next 5 years. This includes city owned facilities such as airports, police stations, fire stations, and water treatment plants.
Towards the end of the seminar, Ian Baring-Gould, Senior Mechanical Engineer with the National Wind Technology Center in Golden Colorado told us about the Wind for Schools Program. Even though the program is not for Texas, we can still use the ideas. Ian was referred to as the "guru of wind energy", so I filed his name into my brain under "valuable people to know." He also fell under, "nice people to talk with." One of the coolest things he said was that they have a wind energy "graveyard" up in Golden where they do research. He said that I can come dig around and see if there is anything I could use to help teach my teachers back in Houston. WOOHOO I am always game for a great garage sale.
Then the teachers created model wind turbines. Our group created the fasted which produced 320 microvolts. That is me looking rather skeptical along with Sharon Fontaine, Science Content Specialist with Houston ISD, building our turbine.
At the end of the day the teachers got to go into the Exhibition Hall and visit all of the exhibits. I continued to gather information about wind energy and met many fascinating people from all over the world. Most of the displays were rather ordinary but some were quite an experience. You could actually peer into a nacelle and see its inner workings.
You could get an idea of how huge the blades are by standing next to a cross section of one:
This company was quite extravagant in its display:
If you ever have a chance to go to any of these energy conferences – do. Its fun to walk around seeing all the different yet related industries, and you get such a great sense of the global economy.


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Steam Regional Prices
by pedralm
Steam Regional Prices allows you to see, for any given Steam game, its price when sold in the store of another region.
This information if given directly from the game page, in line with your own region's price.
It is a valuable information to get better discounts if you know and trust people from another region that can gift it to you.
All the regions' information and currency conversion is acquired from http://www.steamregionalprices.com.
Available stores:
- Australia
- Europe Region 1
- Europe Region 2
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Russia
You can choose which ones you want to see. From one to all.
Note: Some bundles (with "sub" in the address field) are not yet available to process.
- This extension can modify or add functionality to one or more websites.


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Patient Referral fax: (219) 548-0945
VNA of NWI does not discriminate against any person on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, age, or creed in admission, treatment, or participation in its programs services and activities, or in employment.
Site designed and built by Group 7even. Copyright © 2015 VNA. All rights reserved.


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Mayor Bloomberg, Speaker Silver and Officials Open First Section of Lower Manhattan's New East River Waterfront Esplanade
Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver and other officials today opened the first section of the new East River Waterfront Esplanade just south of the South Street Seaport in Lower Manhattan. The first phase – from Wall Street to Maiden Lane – is part of a larger $165 million project that is revitalizing a once neglected two-mile stretch of City-owned land along the water's edge from the tip of Lower Manhattan to East River Park north of the Manhattan Bridge. The vibrant esplanade will transform the Lower Manhattan and Lower East Side waterfronts into a pedestrian-friendly new public open space destination with sweeping views across the East River and New York Harbor. Upon completion of the larger project in 2013, the two-mile esplanade will provide a contiguous pedestrian walkway and a bicycle pathway along the East River from Battery Park to East River Park. Mayor Bloomberg and Speaker Silver were joined for the announcement on the esplanade at Wall Street by Deputy Mayor for Economic Development Robert K. Steel, State Senator Daniel L. Squadron, Council Member Margaret Chin, City Planning Commissioner Amanda M. Burden, New York City Economic Development Corporation President Seth W. Pinsky, Parks Commissioner Adrian Benepe, Transportation Commissioner Janette Sadik-Khan, Community Board 1 Chair Julie Menin, Alliance for Downtown New York President Elizabeth H. Berger, David Emil representing the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, Harbor District Director Paul Berry, Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance President and CEO Roland Lewis, Gregg Pasquarelli of SHoP Architects and Ken Smith of Ken Smith Landscape Architect.
"The new East River Waterfront Esplanade is the newest jewel on New York City's magnificent Harbor," said Mayor Bloomberg. "One of the goals of the waterfront plan we unveiled earlier this year is to reconnect New Yorkers to New York City's more than 500 miles of waterfront and make it part of their everyday lives, and the new esplanade will help do that for Lower Manhattan's tens of thousands of residents, 300,000 plus workers and millions of visitors. When complete in full, the two-mile esplanade will extend the green space around Manhattan's waterfront that includes Riverside Park, Hudson River Park on the West Side, Battery Park at Lower Manhattan's tip, and East River Park on the East Side."
"For too long, my neighbors on the east side of Lower Manhattan have not been able to enjoy the kind of open space and access to the waterfront that they deserve," said Speaker Silver. "That is why I have worked so hard, along with Mayor Bloomberg, to open up our East River waterfront and expand recreational opportunities for my neighbors on the Lower East Side, Chinatown and the Financial District. We must return the river to the people of this city, to whom it belongs."
"I'm thrilled to see the first phase of this project come to completion," said Council Speaker Christine C. Quinn. "The City's waterfront is one of our greatest resources, providing recreation, transportation, and open space. When we introduced our comprehensive plan to revitalize this stretch of land, we also vowed to never turn our backs on the waterfront. Today, it's clear that we have not – we're only looking forward."
The new esplanade – open to the public from 6:00 AM to midnight – provides a place for residents, office workers and visitors to Lower Manhattan to enjoy the waterfront. Along the new esplanade are plantings and trees comprised of native coastal species, as well as seating elements evocative of the area's maritime past. Elevated bar stool seating offers visitors an opportunity to sit next to the railing and look out over the water toward Brooklyn. The railing at the bar also doubles as a tabletop on which users can eat, use a laptop or read. The esplanade also features chaise lounges, game tables, planter walls and waterside benches. The "Look-Out," a series of stadium-like steps leading to the water at the foot of Wall Street, enables visitors to sit and observe the water with unobstructed views. A new state-of-the-art dog park features a climbing bridge, sand pit, splash pad and dog house. The entire esplanade is unified by a newly installed purple girder underneath the FDR Drive that will be illuminated at night and visible over the esplanade and across the river.
The esplanade stretches to Pier 11 at Wall Street, one of the stops on the City's new East River Ferry Service launched by Mayor Bloomberg and Speaker Quinn in June 2011. The new service will provide year-round ferry transportation between East 34th Street and Pier 11 in Manhattan, Long Island City in Queens, Greenpoint, North Williamsburg, South Williamsburg, and DUMBO in Brooklyn.
"Parks and public spaces can have a transformative economic impact on neighborhoods, and we are constantly working to build or enhance them throughout New York City and particular on our waterfront," said Deputy Mayor Steel. "By making communities even more inviting places to live and work and by attracting tourists from around the world and New Yorkers from all five boroughs, these spaces do a lot to drive economic activity and create jobs."
"Innovative parks and public open spaces have the ability to revitalize whole neighborhoods," said City Planning Commissioner Amanda M. Burden, who spearheaded the design efforts for the esplanade. "This new waterfront esplanade will completely transform Lower Manhattan and reconnect its many residents, Financial District workers and visitors to the East River waterfront. Getting more New Yorkers to the water is an important goal in City Planning's comprehensive waterfront plan, Vision 2020, and East River Waterfront Esplanade fulfills multiple goals of the plan, including expanding access to and enlivening the waterfront. This fabulous new waterfront esplanade will also animate the once dark space under the FDR Drive and give the Lower Manhattan community a unique, exciting new open space to enjoy in as many ways as there are people to enjoy it."
"This project is the perfect example of how a coordinated inter-agency plan, developed in conjunction with elected officials and community members, can transform neighborhoods, connecting them with our natural resources," said NYCEDC President Pinsky. "Today's opening will complement a number of other projects already underway, including the recently-launched East River Ferry, allowing residents and visitors to further explore the waterfront, while simultaneously generating jobs for the people of Lower Manhattan and the City as a whole."
"One of the hallmarks of this administration has been the citywide effort to provide New Yorkers with increased access to the waterfront for active recreation and passive enjoyment," said Parks & Recreation Commissioner Benepe. "With today's opening of the first section of the East River Waterfront Esplanade, residents and visitors alike will enjoy a new open space with sweeping views across the East River and New York Harbor."
"This esplanade is a great addition to the City's waterfront," said DOT Commissioner Janette Sadik-Khan. "New Yorkers can now travel from the Brooklyn Bridge and other East River crossings all the way to the Staten Island Ferry Terminal, along a safe, scenic route that makes the river a destination."
Conceived in 2002 as part of Mayor Bloomberg's Vision for Lower Manhattan, the plan for the East River Waterfront Esplanade was developed in close consultation with the Department of City Planning, NYCEDC, Department of Parks and Recreation, Department of Transportation, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, local elected officials, and representatives of Community Boards 1 and 3 in Lower Manhattan and the Lower East Side. It incorporates elements of waterfront concept plans developed by Community Boards 1 and 3, and the Alliance for Downtown New York. The esplanade design, overseen by NYCEDC, the Department of City Planning and the Mayor's Office, was created by SHoP Architects PC with Ken Smith Landscape Architect and Tillotson Design Associates. Jacobs Engineering is the construction manager, and design engineering is by a joint venture of HDR/Arup. The project is being built by NYCEDC and funded with the largest off-site project allocation by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, which includes $155 million funds from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development as well as $9.7 million from Federal and New York State Transportation Funds.
The conceptual plan for the East River Waterfront Esplanade has been honored for its innovation and excellence. In 2006, the Department of City Planning and SHoP Architects received the Waterfront Center's "Excellence on the Waterfront Award" which acknowledges high quality waterfront plans and projects from all over the world. For its work on the project, SHoP Architects received the 55th Annual Progressive Architecture Award, which recognizes risk-taking practitioners and promotes progress in the field of architecture.
"New York City's waterfront is its hidden jewel, and with today's opening of the East River Waterfront Esplanade, we are one giant step closer to completing a ribbon park around all of Lower Manhattan," said Senator Charles E. Schumer. "We have already seen the tremendous benefits that have come with the transformation of the piers along the Hudson River. Now residents and visitors will be able to have the same experience along the East River as well. It will be a boon to the downtown economy, and bring us that much closer to connecting all New Yorkers with this too often overlooked urban treasure while unleashing the full potential of New York's post-industrial waterfront."
"Today's opening of the first section of the East River Waterfront Esplanade is yet another welcome step in the exciting revitalization of Lower Manhattan," said Congress Member Jerrold Nadler. "I am thrilled to see the Esplanade become a reality, beginning to connect Lower Manhattan's Battery and East River Parks, uniting Downtown and creating an open recreation space in its own right for the community. Thank you to everyone who worked so hard to make this a reality."
"Downtown Manhattan is a destination for our city's new residents, visitors and enterprising small businesses, but its waterfront has long been a missing link in the City's greenway. The opening of this revitalized waterfront esplanade transforms a neglected site into a place of beauty for all New Yorkers to enjoy," said Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer. "I commend the Mayor, Speaker Silver and the coalition of elected officials that contributed to this innovative project, the result of which is a successful blend of community priorities and a beautiful beginning to the East River's revitalization."
"The opening of this first section of the East River Esplanade is yet another sign that the rebuilding of Lower Manhattan is real," said Senator Squadron. "This is another ste in linking New York's waterfront open spaces, from uptown and the westside to Brooklyn and Governor's Island, and creating a Harbor Park – a central park for the center of our city. The East River Waterfront Esplanade will be a dramatic part of that vision for residents and visitors alike."
"The East River Waterfront Esplanade will be an invaluable and much-loved resource for the lower Manhattan community," said Council Member Chin. "The East River waterfront is a unique part of the fabric of downtown Manhattan, and now we get to realize its full potential. I know this park will bring our community closer together and make us proud."
"The east side of Lower Manhattan in Community Board 1 is the fastest growing neighborhood in all five boroughs and with the opening of the East River Waterfront Esplanade a long held dream of our community will come to fruition, that will enable not only residents of downtown but all New Yorkers, workers and tourists to walk, bike and truly enjoy access to the waterfront," said Community Board 1 Chair Julie Menin.
"Thanks to Mayor Bloomberg, City Planning Commissioner Burden and EDC President Pinsky for making a fantastic new park along the East River," said Elizabeth H. Berger, President of the Downtown Alliance. "With SHoP Architects' extraordinary design, here's a public place where the 306,000 people who work in Lower Manhattan and our 56,000 residents can literally get their feet wet!"
"The New East River Waterfront Esplanade is one more beautiful link in the chain of parks and points of access that will open up our harbor and waterways to New Yorkers in all five boroughs as envisioned in the City's comprehensive waterfront plan," said Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance President and CEO Roland Lewis. "And at this link you can actually touch the water. How about that!"
Future sections currently under construction include additional portions of the esplanade from the Battery Maritime Building to Wall Street, a restaurant pavilion at Maiden Lane, a redeveloped Pier 15, and a restroom pavilion at John Street. Pier 15, a 500-foot-long pier evocative of historical two-level piers, is expected to open in Fall 2011, featuring lawns for picnicking and sunbathing on the upper level, where users can enjoy the East River from an elevated perspective. The lower level will have an active dock, a maritime educational pavilion and a café, as well as an abundance of seating opportunities and plantings. In addition to the five pavilions that are currently planned along the esplanade and on Pier 15, it is anticipated that the open space under the FDR will allow for temporary programs and events such as farmers' markets, performances, exhibitions and community gatherings.
A restaurant operator is being selected through a competitive Request for Proposal process for a new pavilion under the FDR Drive at Maiden Lane. It is scheduled to open by Summer 2012 and will increase activity with its waterfront dining. Revenue from the pavilion lease will contribute to the upkeep and maintenance of the new esplanade.
Surrounding the pier will be docking facilities for commercial and excursion boats to tie up. NYCEDC issued a Request for Proposals last month for the lease and operation of the Pier 15 Maritime Pavilion and its ship berthing spaces, with responses due back in August. The proceeds of the Pier 15 maritime lease will be dedicated to the maintenance and operation of the entire East River Waterfront Esplanade.
Planning, design, and marine work are also well underway for esplanade improvements and Pier 35 in Community Board 3 to the north, which is expected to open to the public by 2013. Based on consultation with the community, this section will include amenities such as courts for basketball and Petanque (a French game similar to bocce), low-impact exercise machines, seating, and another "Look-Out" between Rutgers Slip and Pike-Allen.
The esplanade is one of several projects to promote connectivity in Lower Manhattan. The Parks Department is leading the effort to implement waterfront access projects including improvements at Peck Slip, Rutgers Slip, Catherine Slip, and Montgomery Slip. City Planning and NYCEDC are coordinating the design teams to ensure that the East River Waterfront Esplanade not only provides continuous waterfront access and new recreational amenities, but is also integrated with adjacent neighborhoods, linking the Financial District, the Civic Center, Chinatown, and the Lower East Side to the East River. The esplanade is also a component of NYHarborWay, an initiative of the Bloomberg Administration that features New York Harbor as a major recreational destination for New Yorkers and visitors. Spearheaded by NYC & Company, the initiative will connect eight major waterfront points of interest by ferry or bike greenways.
This East River Waterfront Esplanade is part of the Waterfront Vision and Enhancement Strategy, a sustainable blueprint for New York City's waterfront and waterways launched by Mayor Bloomberg and Speaker Quinn in May 2011. To reconnect New Yorkers and visitors to the water and reclaim New York City's standing as a premier waterfront city, the plan will transform the City's waterfront with new parks, new industrial activities and new housing, and it will capitalize on the City's waterways to promote water-borne transportation, recreation, maritime activity and natural habitats. The plan has two components: a three-year action agenda comprised of 130 funded projects, including the development of more than 50 acres of new waterfront parks, creation of 14 new waterfront esplanades and introduction of new commuter ferry service; and the Vision 2020: New York City Comprehensive Waterfront Plan, a framework for the City's 520 miles of shoreline for the next decade and beyond. The 130 action agenda projects are expected to create 13,000 construction jobs and at least 3,400 permanent maritime and industrial jobs. It is the first citywide plan for the waterfront in nearly two decades and the first ever comprehensive plan for the waterways themselves.


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Difference between revisions of "Progress Notes"
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*''Total files digitized by the end of January, 2010: 5821''
*''Total files digitized by the end of January, 2010: 5821''
*''Total files online by the end of January, 2010: 4561''
*''Total files online by the end of January, 2010: 4561''
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*''Total files digitized by the end of February, 2010: 10,164''
*''Total files digitized by the end of February, 2010: 10,164''
*''Total files online by the end of February, 2010: 8501''
*''Total files online by the end of February, 2010: 8501''
Revision as of 10:02, 10 March 2010
January, 2010
We had begun digitizing content in December, in order to have material with which to test the work flow, scripts, and display. This gave us a jump on the planned amount of digitization for January. Scripts used, methodology, and work flow were added to the wiki in December and January.
Beginning a bit early enabled Amanda to train one existing Digital Services student, who was available to work the first week of January, while the other did not start until January 11th, and then had to undergo training. The award letter did not arrive until late in January, and the pre-award approval did not go into effect for the first student until the 25th. Therefore, though we used approximately 140 student hours for the project in January, only about 80 were covered by the grant funding.
Amanda, Jeremiah, and Jody met with Jason Battles, Head of Web Services, to sort out issues related to the promotional web display and the usability test. Amanda developed textual content and located a potential image of Cabaniss for the website, and Jody began a section of the Digital Services wiki for Cabaniss information, to be linked into the website.
Amanda selected the Jemison Papers collection as being similar to Cabaniss, for the usability study. Jody analyzed the finding aids for Cabaniss and the Jemison collections and proposed questions for the study.
Jason provided a contact at the IRB and the names of others in the organization who have successfully navigated those waters. Jody contacted these folks for copies of their successful submissions, to use as models for our own. Amanda developed the consent form and preliminary IRB application form. The development of this took longer than we thought. Amanda, Jeremiah, and Jody met to finalize the IRB application on Friday January 29th. We hope the actual submission will be in early February.
- Total files digitized by the end of January, 2010: 5821
- Total files online by the end of January, 2010: 4561
February 2010
Amanda was out for most of a week this month, so we were challenged for the first time to cover her hours during an absence, but this went pretty smoothly. More critical is that her assignment to this project has heavily impacted the speed with which our other content is getting online, and we've had to alter our workflow and assignments there, incorporating students into the quality control process, which I consider a welcome improvement.
IRB application work has continued to hit new barriers, as we discover more and more forms and hoops to jump through. The latest one is that each person involved in the usability study must pass a 3-hour online certification course on Protecting Human Subjects. We did not plan for this, so that's a good chunk of work hours that we must dedicate to this additional preparation. In addition, one of the students currently working on the Cabaniss project will graduate in May, and thus will not be here when the study takes place. We will train a couple of additional students and use them as necessary when the time comes.
The web page is not yet live, due to Web Services department overload, but Jody developed a press release, and as soon as the website is live, we will send it out to audiences selected by our administration, as well as to appropriate listservs. The preliminary selection includes: Archives and Archivists, Metadata Librarians, LITA, Diglib, and JESSE.
Another anomaly encountered was the discovery that one box of Cabaniss is solely composed of empty envelopes, which had become separated from their letters at some point. We debated the value of digitizing them, but since we agreed to digitize the entire collection, we are forging ahead. Within the box we did discover a couple of letters, which belong elsewhere. We are separating those out and returning them to the archivists for assignment to another box and folder, at which point we will digitize them.
Digitization continues apace. 3721 more images were digitized this month, and 3940 more images went online: the first 14 boxes (out of 77) are done!
- Total files digitized by the end of February, 2010: 10,164
- Total files online by the end of February, 2010: 8501
March 2010
Early in March, we had some difficulties with the Captureback overhead camera, which seemed to have taken on a mind of its own. This cost us a few hours, and while Amanda and Jeremiah struggled to sort out its issues, Jody analyzed student productivity rates for February, as we did not produce as many images as expected. An analysis of current production rates of all students, not just the ones involved in the grant, revealed that our expectations were a bit high. We had planned on flatbed digitization rates of 17 images per hour, yet for most students, including one of those in the grant, digitization speed was closer to 12 images per hour. Jeremiah and Amanda observed the students' workflow to identify problems and potential need for reeducation or remediation. However, no such issues were noted. It appears that the original rates specified in the grant had been based on experienced students working with the best possible material. The documents under digitization now are more fragile and require more care.
We had a staff meeting to discuss potential solutions and workarounds, and Amanda Presnell as Project Manager made the final selection, as she will be directly responsible for implementation. Students' level of awareness of the speed issue will be raised, and they will be trained to assist in quality control, which will free Amanda to spend more time scanning on the Captureback (on which she produces a consistent 26 images per hour). In addition, the students involved in the grant will be trained on the Captureback as well, so they can fill in there when it is free; also on optimization for the Captureback, again freeing Amanda to scan for more hours. We estimate that substitution of Captureback scanning for flatbed scanning for the slowest student potentially could make up the expected shortfall of images in less than 400 work hours.
We will continue to monitor productivity levels and adapt the workflow as needed to ensure success.
Also this month, we made our first press release File:For Immediate Release to UA Dialog, Tuscaloosa News, and the following listservs: Diglib, Archives & Archivists, Metadata Librarians, Libraries and Information Technology Association (LITA), JESSE, and UALIB.
In addition, Amanda Presnell proposed a poster session File:Poster Abstract for the Alabama Library Association Annual Conference to be held in April 2010, and was accepted.
We completed the NIH training on "Protecting Human Research Participants," and made application to the IRB board for permission to undertake the usability study.
Our website is live! Please see http://www.lib.ua.edu/libraries/hoole/cabaniss for a description of the grant project.
- Total files digitized by the end of March, 2010:
- Total files online by the end of March, 2010:


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