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Dear Lifehacker,
I know about tipping the obvious people—cabbies, waitresses/waiters, barbers, and so on—but there are many times when I'm not sure if I'm supposed to tip other service people, like the cable guy, food counter person, or electrician. Can you help me figure out what's customary?
Troubled by Tipping
Dear Troubled,
Tipping really is one of the most confusing customs—one that's had a long and sordid history in the US and is often the subject of heated debates. That's because there are no real "rules" for tipping, and the etiquette of it can seem pretty arbitrary. Besides varying opinions for who and how much to tip, customs vary by country as well. Ask a dozen people when and how much they tip, and you'll get a dozen different answers.
That said, it is nice to have some guidelines to reduce the anxiety and awkwardness of not knowing if you should be tipping. To find out what the school of thought is for less common tipping scenarios, I looked around at several online sources, including The Original Tipping Page (Tipping.org), Emily Post Institute, Daily Finance/Etiquetteexpert.com, Get Rich Slowly, and others mentioned below. Here's what they said.
Food-Related People
- Food Pickup/Counter Person: The Emily Post Institute says those jars at the coffeeshop or take-out counter don't require tipping because it's not a high level of service, although you can tip a little bit if you're a regular customer or the server does something extra for you. Tipping.org recommends a small tip of 50 cents to $2 for orders under $30; 5-10% for $30 to $60 orders (especially if packaging the order is difficult) and/or if the person helps take your order to your car. For large orders, which require more condiments, plates, etc., 8-10% is recommended. Photo by Marcin Wichary
- Picking up from a restaurant: The above suggestions work for most food counters where you see tip jars, but an exception is when you order from a diner or restaurant for pickup. In that case, the recommended tip is 10%, according to Tipthepizzaguy, which says that waiters prepare that food and are taxed on carry-out sales. (But, yes, tips are not expected at pizza places.)
- Buffet: Tip 5-10% of the total bill. Tipping.org says this may depend on how much work the waitstaff does (e.g., if they don't do much besides bring utensils versus taking orders and bringing drinks)
- Delivery person: Most of us know to tip food delivery people, who often use their own cars; however, do you tip a dollar amount or a percentage? Tipthepizzaguy recommends 15%, with a $3 minimum and adding an extra $1 if he had to travel more than three miles. On the other hand, Daily Finance says food delivery tips as a percent of the total bill doesn't make much sense, because there's not as much customer service, so $3 to $10 is their recommendation.
- Supermarket bagger: This was the most confusing category I found. Most responses on forums around the web say that people don't tip supermarket baggers and in many cases baggers aren't allowed to accept tips. However, Tipping.org recommends tipping $1 per bag. As with other tipping advice, the "above and beyond" rule might apply here: Consider tipping if the person brings your bags out to the car or does something extra.
Home-Related Services
- Building supervisor: Opinions also vary greatly on this. You might want to tip when the super does some work on your apartment, but then again, it might depend on where you live. If you're not sure, a holiday tip of $50 to $100 may make the most sense, according to this MetaFilter thread (LearnVest recommends $20 to $80 or a gift).
- The cable guy: No need to tip, though an offer of a drink is nice. However, some cable and satellite installers on AnandTech forums say they've received and appreciated tips, so if the person goes above and beyond (suddenly you have free movie channels?) go ahead. Photo by rick
- Home service providers (e.g., electrician, painters, lawn service): No need to tip. The consensus on an Apartment Therapy post is that because these are professionals rather than service people, tips aren't warranted. However, for some arbitrary reason, painters do get tipped, according to Angie's List in a Seattle Time's article.
- Home contractors: Angie's List says most contractors say they don't expect a tip (but of course appreciate them) and The Wall Street Journal concurs, saying that contractors expect to do a job for you at a specific price. However, if the workers do outside of what's normally expected, go ahead and tip. Tipping.org recommends $50 for the foreman and $30 for each worker.
- Exterminator: Because this can vary by area, call the company before you get service done to ask what's normal.
- Furniture/appliance delivery person: $5-10 per person or more if what's being delivered is especially heavy or difficult to maneuver.
- Flower delivery person: $2 to $5 or up to $10 if the plant is heavy or large.
Car-Related Services
- Gas station fill-up person: No tip needed. If you want to tip the person for doing something extra (e.g., cleaning glass or checking fluids), $1 to $5 is fine.
- Mechanic: No tip needed. This might depend on your relationship with your mechanic. If you want to tip because your mechanic does a great job, Tipping.org suggests $10 to $20 for jobs up to $500 or $50 for those above $500. Photo by Marcin Monko
- Tow truck: $5 to $10 if they help you when you're locked out, $3 to $5 for a jump start/tire change; $5 or more for a tow.
- Parking attendant/valet: $1 to $2 ; $5 if the person helps with your luggage.
Travel-Related Services
- Concierge: $5 to $20, according to The National Concierge Association. You don't need to tip just for a simple restaurant recommendation, but if the concierge gets you tickets to a sold-out show, you should be more generous. Photo by Alan Light
- Hotel maids: $2 to $5 a night is generally recommended, but CNN notes a study by Cornell University School of Hotel Administration that says only about 30% of hotel guests actually leave tips for the hotel housekeepers. The article notes that this position isn't really a tips-based one, unlike bellhops who usually fill out tip reporting forms for the IRS.
- Bellhop or airport skycap: $1 a bag or more if it's heavy. The Bellman Gripes Page recommends $5 is the minimum tip for bellstaff.
- Rental car shuttle driver: $1 per bag or more if they help with your luggage
Entertainment-Related and Miscellaneous Services
- Theater/arena usher: New York Theater Guide says it's not obligatory to tip ushers, but $1-$5 would be appropriate if you wanted to tip. Photo by Loren Javier
- Casino machine attendant: $1-2 after servicing your machine
- Camp counselors: Depends on the camp. Some camps don't let their counselors take tips, while others will send parents a letter with recommended tip amounts (e.g., $1 a day). When in doubt, call the camp to find out.
- Children's party entertainers: $15-25 depending on the performance
- Dog walker: Dogwalker.com recommends giving a holiday tip at the end of the year, between 10 to 20% of the daily fee or a week's pay.
- Tattoo artist: No tip needed. But if you want to: $10 to $15 for a $150 tattoo or $20 to $50 for more expensive tattoos is recommended.
Holiday Tipping
Because the end of the year is a time to show your appreciation for the people who've helped you all year long, many people give holiday tips. Here's a holiday tipping guide from LearnVest we've featured previously:
General Tipping Guidelines
If you are in doubt about whether or how much to tip, ask in advance. The Emily Post Institute says, for example:
If a department store is scheduled to deliver a new sofa, call and ask someone in the furniture department whether tipping is customary; in a hair salon, ask the receptionist. In some situations, leaving a tip could be seen as demeaning. Taking the time to find out what's expected can spare you an embarrassing moment.
If you're still in doubt and want to tip, you can't go wrong with 15%-20%. This depends on how good the service was.
Tipping is about expressing gratitude. The above recommendations are just that—recommendations. You should follow your gut and base your decision on whether to tip or not based on how regularly you see the person, how much they help you out, and perhaps how much their job or livelihood depends on your tip.
Hopefully the above tip examples will ease your mind the next time a possible tipping situation comes up.
Have a question or suggestion for Ask Lifehacker? Send it to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Etiquette is, by its very nature, subjective. What's acceptable today probably wasn't acceptable 20 years ago, and what's unheard of right now might be commonplace in a decade. It might also be seen as pedantic to some, because if you boil it down, it's just an arbitrary set of rules that we all abide by to make all our lives easier. So weigh in and tell us what you think about this subject. It's one of the few times that just about everybody's opinion is more or less as valid as everybody else's. Got something you're curious about? email email@example.com


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Latest News
New Year means tax increases to pay for health care law
The tax man is coming in 2013. And he's wearing surgical scrubs and has a stethoscope around his neck.
Five new tax increases take effect on Jan. 1 to help pay for the nation's health care overhaul.
New provisions of the Affordable Care Act require affluent taxpayers to pay more for Medicare and, for the first time, have their investment income subject to Medicare taxes as well. Also, people who use flexible spending accounts for health care expenses will pay higher taxes. And taxpayers who spend a lot out of pocket on their health care will find it harder to deduct those expenses from their taxable income, raising their tax bill.
Individual consumers won't be the only ones paying higher taxes. Importers and manufacturers of certain medical devices will face a 2.3 percent excise tax on U.S. sales in 2013.
The new measures are slated to raise $24.2 billion next year and more than $258 billion through the year 2019, according to the Joint Committee on Taxation.
Here's a quick look at the changes:
An estimated 30 million American workers now place a portion of their pre-tax salary into health care Flexible Spending Accounts offered by their employers. The accounts help pay for out-of-pocket medical costs such as co-pays and deductibles that aren't covered by insurance.
The accounts require enrollees to decide in advance how much money they'll contribute for the coming year. Most employers capped employee contributions at $5,000. But beginning in 2013, the Affordable Care Act will cap annual employee contributions at $2,500.
The change will raise $1.5 billion in additional tax revenue in 2013 and $13 billion through 2019.
Currently, taxpayers who itemize their returns can deduct the medical expenses from their taxable income that exceed 7.5 percent of their adjusted gross income. Obamacare increases that threshold to 10 percent in 2013. The higher income threshold means many taxpayers with high medical bills will no longer qualify for the deduction. Seniors age 65 and over and their spouses are exempt from the change until 2016.
The new higher rate will net $400 million in tax revenue in 2013 and $15.2 billion by 2019.
The Medicare Part A tax rate on wages – which pays for hospital, hospice, nursing home and home care services – will go from 1.45 percent to 2.35 percent for individuals with income above $200,000 and families with income above $250,000. Married couples who file separately and earn more than $125,000 are also subject to the tax hike.
Tax rates on investment income will increase from the current 15 percent to 18.8 percent. The 3.8 percentage point "unearned income Medicare contribution tax" applies to interest, dividends, capital gains, annuities, royalties and other types of investment income. But it only applies on investment income above the $200,000 and $250,000 threshold.
Collectively, the Medicare Part A tax hike and the investment income surtax will bring in $20.5 billion next year and $210.2 billion through 2019, according to government estimates.
The 2.3 percent excise tax on medical device sales will affect a range of products, from artificial hips and bedpans to stents and defibrillators. The tax is a tradeoff of sorts for the device industry, which, like insurers and pharmaceutical companies, will see substantial new revenue when Obamacare requires millions of people to start buying insurance in 2014.
But industry officials say the new tax will hurt job creation and investment. Others aren't so sure because the excise tax can be deducted from a company's income taxes. One expert said that will make the true impact of the tax more like 1.4 percent instead of 2.3 percent. A research and development tax credit of nearly 2 percent further eases the tax burden on device companies.
Government estimates project the device tax will net $1.8 billion in 2013 and an estimated $20 billion through 2019.


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Each week we post a round-up of some of our most exciting national and international PUP book coverage. Reviews, interviews, events, articles–this is the spot for coverage of all things "PUP books" that took place in the last week. Enjoy!
Science or religion? How about science and religion. You can have both with the two Princeton University Press books that were reviewed in the Times Higher Education this week. Margaret Lock's The Alzheimer Conundrum is described as "a gem for young scientists and medical students," and the THE says:
Lock's rigorous unpacking of research studies and refusal to accept statements and conclusions from research papers at face value result in a thorough and honest appraisal of the current state of the field.
See the full review here, and read Chapter One of the book here.
While many of us are familiar with such famous words as, "Dearly beloved, we are gathered together here. . ." or "Ashes to ashes, dust to dust," we may not know that they originated with The Book of Common Prayer, which first appeared in 1549. Check out the THE review of Alan Jacob's The Book of Common Prayer: A Biography. Willy Maley writes that "Jacobs' treatment of the afterlife of one of the most important works in the English language – perhaps the only afterlife there is – is elegant and authoritative." We agree! See for yourself by reading the introduction.
We flip to the Wall Street Journal for our next review from this week. Maimonides by Moshe Halbertal is reviewed by Dara Horn, who says:
In his rigorous and insightful study Maimonides: Life and Thought, Moshe Halbertal reintroduces readers to this rabbi-scientist, who insisted that faith should be an enterprise based on reason.
This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to Maimonides' life and work, revealing how his philosophical sensibility and outlook informed his interpretation of Jewish tradition. You can view the introduction here.
Working on your "notable people" reading list? Well in addition to Maimonides, you can add two Franz Kafka titles. Kafka: The Years of Insight and Kafka: The Decisive Years are reviewed in the Australian. Pick up these books, described as "remarkable" and "sublimely Kafkaesque." And mark your calendar for the third installment. Reiner Stach worked extensively on the definitive edition of Kafka's collected works before embarking on this three-volume biography. The first volume, covering Kafka's childhood and youth, is forthcoming.


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davisma needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 71 designs submitted by 21 freelance designers.
Need a logo for a simple and easy invoicing/accounting website named Light Accounting. Light Accounting is light as in a light load.
Light Accounting
We are rebranding the site http://www.meiraware.com to Light Accounting and need a new logo.
- Needs to say Light Accounting
- Needs to be in vector format
- Open to new color schemes
- Be creative, open to different styles
- Don't want it to not be legible
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Folliculitis Info
Information and news about folliculitis.
Penile Dysfunction
Folliculitis Info
Headache Info
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Foot Fungus Info
Previous Posts
Saturday, August 20, 2005
Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Initiates Phase I Study of Staphylococcus
Yahoo News (press release) -
Jul 21, 2005
volunteers. While there are numerous species of Staphylococci, three species are responsible for almost all S. aureus infections.
Antiseptic Resistance: What Do We Know and What Does It Mean?
RedNova.com, TX -
Jul 30, 2005
Plasmid-associated nonsusceptibility in staphylococci has been demonstrated for cationic biocides such as chlorhexidine gluconate and quaternary ammonium
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From simple apps to sophisticated solutions, technology plays an increasingly important role in diagnosing and treating cancer.
For decades, pharmaceutical companies have invested heavily in IT, using these systems to push their research and development teams to earlier discoveries in the quest for new cures. Now, less expensive -- yet even more powerful -- tools are providing healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public with ways to join the fray against a disease expected to kill an estimated 585,720 people in the United States this year.
Advances in gene sequencing and genomics have reduced the cost of research and treatment, speeding time to market and improving outcomes. The growing number of options is helping healthcare providers create more affordable personalized treatment plans, based on factors such as the type of cancer, size and age of growth, and the patient's medical history.
Personalization is at the core of a synthetic biology skunkworks project that Autodesk is undertaking. Led by Andrew Hessel, a team of designers, scientists, and programmers hopes to build hardware and software that makes it easier to design and fabricate living things, even human organs, according to BusinessWeek. Because each cancer tumor has its own DNA, Hessel wants to create tools that "synthesize viruses that will attack only cells carrying specific genetic markers," he told BusinessWeek. And because each medicine would be designed specifically for each patient, the US Food and Drug Administration would not need to get involved, Hessel noted, simplifying the process and making it accessible to non-pharmaceutical and non-medical organizations.
Testing is becoming more accessible, too, thanks to "smart" pills. Tiny cameras disguised as caplets replace uncomfortable procedures such as colonoscopies. Wirelessly transmitting data, these miniature devices don't require sedation, eliminating down time and loss of productivity in addition to increasing compliance with doctors' orders.
The cancer community is enjoying better collaboration via more traditional methods, too. Practitioner-oriented social media simplifies communication between researchers, physicians, oncologists, and pharmaceutical professionals, removing old barriers and letting caregivers educate themselves on powerful new tools and treatments available for patients. Venture-capital-funded startup SharePractice, for example, melds the diagnoses, medication, and dosage information of an Epocrates-like app with the crowd knowledge of Yelp and the social media features of Doximity, said founder Dr. Andrew Brandeis, in an interview.
Launched in November 2013, the community has about 5,000 members, he said. They include physicians and nurses, as well as nutritionists, pharmacists, acupuncturists, chiropractors, and other professionals charged with taking care of patients' health, including those fighting cancer.
"Everyone's talking about evidence-based medicine. We're an experience-based medicine," said Brandeis. "Most of these other social networks for doctors are not clinical reference tools; they're forums that only let doctors in. The same question gets repeated every few weeks. There's no good way of structuring their knowledge. In SharePractice, you just share [a question] and the treatment protocols are listed right there: Here are the protocols and here are the rankings of the protocols but if what you're familiar with is not there, you can add it. SharePractice gives clinical value because the information we share is so easily searched, it's structured, and it has the information you need to write a prescription for your patient."
Computers are breaking new ground, too. From miniscule computers developed by the Weizmann Institute of Science to advances in genomics, scientists are shrinking devices' sizes and expanding computers' capabilities to combat cancer's reach. Take a look at the innovative solutions we've found by clicking through our slideshow.
Do you know of other technological resources available to healthcare providers and patients in the war against cancer? Share your experiences in the comments section.Alison Diana has written about technology and business for more than 20 years. She was editor, contributors, at Internet Evolution; editor-in-chief of 21st Century IT; and managing editor, sections, at CRN. She has also written for eWeek, Baseline Magazine, Redmond Channel ... View Full Bio


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EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. (AP/ CBS 2/ 1010 WINS) — The New York Jets trainer who tripped a Miami Dolphins player on the sideline during a game Sunday appeared to hold back tears as he apologized for his actions.
"I let everybody down yesterday with my actions," Alosi said. "My actions were inexcusable and irresponsible."
On Monday night Sal Alosi was suspended without pay for the rest of the season, including the playoffs, and fined an additional $25,000.
He will begin serving his suspension immediately and have no access to the team's practice facility. General manager Mike Tannenbaum said Alosi will also not be allowed to interact with any players or coaches "as it pertains to his job function."
"It's on me," a contrite Alosi said.
The league reviewed the incident in which Alosi stuck his left knee out and tripped Dolphins cornerback Nolan Carroll, who was covering a punt in the third quarter of Miami's 10-6 win.
"I wasn't thinking," Alosi said. "If I could go back and do it again, I sure as heck would take a step back. It was just a situation where I wasn't thinking."
Carroll, a rookie, fell to the turf and lay there for several minutes grabbing one of his legs before walking off. He returned in the fourth quarter. Carroll twice broke his right leg while playing: once ending his senior season in high school and again in his senior season at Maryland.
"I'm extremely thankful that my actions yesterday didn't result in any significant injury to Nolan or any other players," Alosi said.
He added that he apologized by phone to both Carroll and Dolphins coach Tony Sparano, and spoke to Jets owner Woody Johnson, coach Rex Ryan and general manager Mike Tannenbaum about the situation.
It's the latest embarrassing incident for the team that starred on HBO's "Hard Knocks" during the summer.
The Jets were investigated by the NFL in September for their treatment of a female television reporter. The league responded to the situation involving Ines Sainz of TV Azteca by developing a workplace conduct program, underwritten by Johnson, to educate players and staffs of all 32 teams.
A few weeks later, wide receiver Braylon Edwards was arrested for drunken driving.
Star cornerback Darrelle Revis was ticketed for speeding while driving to the team's facility for a meeting before a practice in October.
At a news conference in Miami, Sparano said Alosi sounded humbled and sorry when they spoke Sunday night.
"I'm not going to get into it a whole lot here fellas, but to be honest with you, it's out of my hands," Sparano said. "It's in a million other people's hands right now, but not in mine. … I don't like what happened because a player could've gotten hurt, seriously hurt, but that's where it is."
Dolphins linebacker Karlos Dansby took a swipe at Ryan after the game when he heard about the incident.
"He's just taking after the head coach, man. It all trickles downhill," Dansby said. "That's how I look at it, it trickles downhill. The head coach, he opened a can of worms over there and now he's got to fix it."
Carroll, who had an interception in the first quarter to set up a field goal, said after the game that he was not angry about the incident.
"We got a 'W.' That's not my problem," Carroll said. "That's the Jets' problem. We just move on. I felt contact, but I've got to watch film. I can't comment on it right now."
Alosi was with the Jets from 2001-2005, then worked for the Falcons for one season before returned to New York in 2007 as the head trainer.
Alosi was a linebacker for Hofstra from 1996-2000, and even earned an award for sportsmanship and fair play both on and off the field during his college career.
"You're asking me to give you a logical explanation to an illogical act," he said. "I can't do that. I can't explain that."
1010 WINS' Steve Sandberg talks with Jets fans
Throughout the tri-state area on Monday, football fans were left wondering what Alosi was thinking about.
"Oh that ain't right. Come on now. You can't do that. You can't do that," Astoria resident Maria Stone told CBS 2's Scott Rapoport.
So what about it? What about fair play. What about sportsmanship and setting a good example? We know sometimes players go off the rails, but coaches?
"For a coach to do something like that tells me he's a little over invested … to the point of being immature," psychologist Dr. Jeffrey Gardere said.
You have to go back more than 30 years ago when legendary Ohio State coach Woody Hayes threw a haymaker at an opposing player to top something like this.
Over at Lodi High School in New Jersey, students, athletes and academics alike were taken aback when they saw the trip the day after.
"If he can't follow the rules and regulations and moral code set by the organization he works for, he should have no business working there," said Jacob Rosen, a junior at Lodi High School.
"It's wrong because coaches are supposed to be setting examples for their players. And if they're doing something like that everyone else that's looking up to them are gonna think there's no point to it. They're supposed to be role models," varsity soccer player Harsharan Kaur added.
Sports needs more stand up guys, not fall guys.
Statement from New York Jets
December 13, 2010 — The New York Jets today suspended without pay Head Strength and Conditioning Coach Sal Alosi for the remainder of the 2010 season, including any playoff games, and fined him an additional $25,000 for his conduct during Sunday's game versus the Miami Dolphins. The announcement was made by Jets General Manager Mike Tannenbaum.
Alosi's suspension begins immediately. During this period, he will have no access to the team's practice facility nor any interaction with coaches or players as it pertains to his job function. He will be eligible to return to the facility on the day following the team's final game of the 2010 season.
"After reviewing the facts and consulting with the league office, we determined that this was the most appropriate discipline," said Jets General Manager Mike Tannenbaum. "I have spoken with Sal. He understands the severity of his actions and has apologized to all parties involved in the incident. There is no place in the game for this type of behavior and his conduct falls disappointingly short of our expectations for anyone associated with the New York Jets. I have also reminded all members of the organization with sideline access that it is both a priority and their responsibility to maintain a safe environment."
Alosi said: "I accept responsibility for my actions and respect the team's decision."
Statement from New York Jets Head Strength & Conditioning Coach Sal Alosi
"I made a mistake that showed a total lapse in judgment. My conduct was inexcusable and unsportsmanlike and does not reflect what this organization stands for. I spoke to Coach Sparano and Nolan Carroll to apologize before they took off. I have also apologized to Woody, Mike and Rex. I accept responsibility for my actions as well as any punishment that follows."


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GSA Shelf Life Management Program
Shelf Life is defined by the Department of Defense (DoD) Shelf Life Management Manual (DoD 4140.27-M/May 5, 2003) as:
"The total period of time beginning with the date of manufacture, date of cure (for elastomeric and rubber products only), date of assembly, or date of pack (subsistence only), and terminated by the date by which an item must be used (expiration date) or subjected to inspection, test, restoration, or disposal action; or after inspection/laboratory test/restorative action that an item may remain in the combined wholesale (including manufacture's) and retail storage systems and still be suitable for issue or use by the end user."
Within the federal supply system, appropriate Shelf Life Codes are designated for each National Stock Number (NSN). These codes are contained in DoD Shelf Life Management Manual 4140.27-M [pdf], Appendix E. Shelf Life Codes designate items as either Type I (alpha character, except X) or Type II (numeric character and alpha character X). Type I items expire at expiration date, when material is unfit for use. Type II items can be extended by either visual inspection or laboratory test, as required by the applicable management activity storage standards. All NSNs or National Item Identification Numbers (NIINs) deemed "non-deteriorative", are identified by Shelf Life Code 0 (zero).
The GSA Shelf Life Management Procedures are outlined in Federal Standard 793B, Depot Storage Standards. In addition, GSA fully supports DoD shelf life policies contained in DoD 4140.27-M, Shelf Life Management Manual. Please review these policy documents and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for more information. Send questions to GSA using the contact links shown at the bottom of the page under the section titled "Other Related Hyperlinks."
Guidance and Direction for Shelf Life Material
The Department of Defense maintains a website with multiple reference documents regarding shelf life topics. If you select on "Policy" in the left column at this site, you will see documents including:
- DoD 4140.27-M [pdf], Shelf Life Management Manual;
- DLA Regulation 4155.37 [pdf], Material Quality Control Storage Standards; and
- Federal Standard 793, Depot Storage Standards.
GSA Shelf Life Management Policy
GSA closely coordinates its shelf life program with DoD and others in the federal community, as described in DoD Regulation 4140-R, DoD Supply Chain Material Management Regulation.
FED-STD-793, Depot Storage Standards
FED-STD-793 provides guidance on how the depots determine shelf life extensions for products currently stored in their facility. GSA's Acquisition Centers establish initial shelf life requirements and inspection criteria, based on manufacturer recommendations and commodity specialist oversight.
Minimum Shelf Life Criteria
In accordance with DoD 4140.27-M, Section 2-12 (A),"Acquisition/procurement documentation shall specify that shelf life items/materiel will have not less than 85 percent (allowing for rounding to whole months) of shelf life remaining at time of receipt by the first government activity." Any direct delivery from a GSA supplier to our customer, not having at least 85 percent shelf life remaining, will normally be considered non-conforming.
General Description of GSA Shelf Life Extension Procedures
- Within the Warehouse Distribution System, shelf life re-inspection due dates are tracked monthly.
- When inspecting an item for the first time, only visual inspections are performed, and shelf life can be extended based on this visual inspection.
- An item may be visually inspected or laboratory tested at the time of second inspection, depending on the value of the inventory involved, the weapons system sensitivity of the item and other factors.
- If laboratory tests are conducted, this information is provided to Hill Air Force Base, to be included in the DoD Quality Status List (QSL).
- In accordance with FED-STD-793, items can be extended up to three times. The total of all extensions cannot exceed an amount of time equal to the item's original shelf life.
- Extended items must have a shelf life extension notice/label placed on them, indicating the extended expiration date. The notice/label mirrors the DoD 2477 series forms for shelf life extensions.
The following criteria are used in determining the minimum shelf life that must remain on an item for it to be shipped. (Reference: DoD 4140.27-M, Section 5-6).
|Original Shelf Life
|CONUS Shipments
|Overseas Surface Shipments
|Overseas Air Shipments
|1 year or more
|1/2 original shelf life
|1/2 original shelf life
|1/2 original shelf life
|9 months
|4 months
|4 months
|4 months
|6 months
|2 months
|2 months
|2 months
|3 months
|1 month
|45 days
*Items with a three month shelf life must be shipped overseas only by air transportation.
DoD Material Quality Control Storage Standards (MQCSS) and the DoD Quality Status List (QSL)
DoD's MQCSS outlines storage standards for deteriorative items. The QSL displays current results of shelf life extension tests, by NSN, Manufacturer, Lot and Batch Number. Users of the DoD Shelf Life website can request Shelf Life Extension System (SLES) account access to view MQCSS and QSL data online.Access is limited to users from a ".mil" or ".gov" host.
Robins Air Force Base - Shelf Life Extension Date (SLED) database
Robins Air Force Base maintains the SLED database at its Science & Engineering Lab. This lab is located at WR-ALC / TIEL, 420 Second Street, Suite 100, Warner Robins Air Logistics Center, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia 31098-1640.
DoD Inventory Control Points
The role of each DoD Inventory Control Point (ICP) is to determine storage standards for deteriorative items that they manage, and to arrange for laboratory shelf life extension tests when their Installation Supply Activities request such tests. Storage standards (including length of shelf life and whether an item requires only a visual inspection or a full laboratory test in order to extend shelf life) are recorded in the on-line Material Quality Control Storage Standards (MQCSS). Each ICP has update rights to this system. The type of test required on each item (visual inspection or laboratory testing) is determined by the managing ICP.
DoD Installation Responsibility
If an installation finds that shelf life extension information is not available in the QSL for one of its items, staff can contact their service ICP for further instructions on possible extensions. Laboratory test requests are only allowed when there has not already been a shelf life test for that NSN, Manufacturer, Lot and Batch, and when the quantities of material in question warrant the expense of laboratory testing. When these tests are accomplished, test results and extension data are entered into the QSL.
Other Related Hyperlinks:
- DoD Shelf Life Information
- GSA National Customer Service Center (NCSC)
- NCSC product deficiency reports:
- Email: email@example.com for military customers
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com for civilian customers
- Call: 800-488-3111, DSN 465-1416 or Commercial 816-926-1416
Questions regarding GSA products and shelf life should be directed to GSA's National Customer Service Center at 800-488-3111 or emailed to: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
AUTHORITY: California Labor Code Sec. 7850 through 7870 and
POLICY: It is the policy of the Division to enforce the
requirements of Title 8 California Code of Regulations: Subchapter 7
General Industry Safety Orders Section 5189 (Process Safety Management),
Subchapter 14 Petroleum Safety Orders � Drilling and Production, and Subchapter
15 Petroleum Safety Orders � Refining Transportation and Handling to prevent
unwanted releases of highly hazardous materials into locations which could
expose employees and others to serious safety and health hazards. Under
Region VI, the Process Safety Management jurisdiction is divided into two
units: PSM North District and PSM South District. The area covered by each
office is divided at the northern boundaries of
1.�� Scope
The Process Safety Management of Acutely Hazardous Materials Standard (PSM) has broad applicability to potentially hazardous processes that exist in a wide variety of industries, although its primary focus is on the chemical and allied products industry and on the petroleum refining and related industries.
2.�� Determining Coverage
a. To ensure that establishments covered by PSM are complying with PSM requirements, compliance personnel shall determine if the inspected establishment contains a process covered by PSM when conducting a programmed, accident, complaint or referral inspection.
NOTE: A process is any activity conducted by an employer that involves an acutely hazardous material, flammable substance or explosive including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling, or on-site movement of any of the preceding substances or combination of these activities. For purposes of this definition any group of vessels which are interconnected, and separate vessels which are located such that an acutely hazardous material could be involved in a potential release, shall be considered a single process.
b. Aside from determining PSM coverage, PSM compliance requirements in chemical or petroleum refining industries shall usually be assessed by Division personnel who have successfully completed the Division�s sponsored or approved PSM Training and are members of either the North or South PSM District Office.
c. The primary enforcement method the Division will utilize to assess PSM compliance in covered establishments is a PSM-specific inspection, termed a Program-Quality-Verification, or PQV inspection. The PQV inspections will be performed by the PSM District Offices as a programmed inspection or in response to a referral from a District Office or from another source.
3.�� Programmed Inspections
a.�������� Programmed inspections in establishments on the list of the Federal Environmental Protection Agency�s Risk Management Plans or California EPA�s List of Risk Management Plans shall only be performed by members of one of the Division's PSM District Offices.
b.�������� However, when conducting a programmed inspection in an establishment not on the List of Risk Management Plans but which may contain a process which could be covered by PSM, compliance personnel shall usually determine when assessing the establishment employer's Hazard Communication Program if:
1. The inspected establishment's process involves a chemical at or above the specified threshold quantities (TQ) listed in Appendix A of Section 5189 and a flammable liquid or gas as defined in Sec.5189(c).
EXCEPTION: (a) Flammable liquids stored in atmospheric tanks or transferred which are kept below their normal boiling point without benefit of chilling or refrigeration; (b) hydrocarbon fuels used solely for workplace consumption (e.g., comfort heating propane, gasoline for motor vehicle refueling) if such fuels are not part of a process containing another acutely hazardous chemical covered by Section 5189; or (c) Retail facilities, oil or gas well drilling or servicing operations or normally unoccupied remote facilities.
2. The inspected establishment process involves explosives manufacturing operations.
c.�������� If compliance personnel determine that an inspected establishment's process is covered by PSM, compliance personnel shall document PSM coverage by making a note in Item 21 of the Cal/OSHA Form 1A.
d.�������� The District Manager will refer this information to the appropriate PSM District Office.
4.�� Complaint and Referral Inspections
If a District Office receives a complaint or referral item involving a hazard covered under Title 8 California Code of Regulations: Subchapter 7 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5189 (Process Safety Management of Acutely Hazardous Materials), Subchapter 14 Petroleum Safety Orders � Drilling and Production, and Subchapter 15 Petroleum Safety Orders � Refining Transportation and Handling, the District Manager shall contact the appropriate PSM District Office to determine whether the item should be transferred to the PSM District office.
5.�� Accident Investigations
If a District Office receives an accident report and compliance personnel discover that the establishment is covered by Title 8 California Code of Regulations: Subchapter 7 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5189 (Process Safety Management of Acutely Hazardous Materials), Subchapter 14 Petroleum Safety Orders � Drilling and Production, or Subchapter 15 Petroleum Safety Orders � Refining Transportation and Handling, the District Manager shall immediately notify the District Manager of the appropriate PSM District Office. A determination will then be made as to whether the District Manager will transfer the accident to PSM or conduct the accident investigation from the District Office. All accidents involving refinery operations and oil production facilities will be conducted by the PSM District Offices.
1.�� Definition
A PQV inspection is an inspection in an establishment covered by PSM, performed by compliance personnel who have successfully completed the Division's sponsored or approved PSM Training, and involves a comprehensive evaluation of the procedures used by the establishment employer, and any process-related contractor employers, to manage the hazards associated with processes using highly hazardous chemicals.
2.�� Approach to Program, Quality and Verification
3.�� PQV Inspection Scheduling
a.�� Region VI shall establish the PQV Targeted Inspection List for each fiscal year. This list will be developed by each PSM District Manager for their area of jurisdiction. Targeted establishments will be primarily those facilities on the Federal/EPA or Cal/EPA List of Risk Management Plans; however any public information source may be used to select a potential inspection candidate.
b.�� Establishment Selection
1. By July 31 of each year, the PSM District Managers will forward to Region VI their lists of potential PQV inspection candidates.
2. � In developing their lists, the District Manager shall base his or her selection on the following factors, and shall document which factors were used to make the selection:
a. The number of employees at the establishment;
b. The age of the establishment;
c. The toxicity of chemicals used in the establishment's processes;
d. The frequency and severity of electronic and print media reports of spills, releases or other adverse incidents at the establishment;
e. Past compliance history of the establishment, including complaints received and inspected, accidents investigated, programmed inspections conducted and/or follow-up inspections due; and
Information from the
3. These lists will be jointly reviewed by Region VI (RM and/or Sr. Safety) and the PSM District Managers to prioritize the inspection schedule and generate the PQV Targeted Inspection List for that year.
c.�� Deleting Establishments
����� The Region VI Regional Manager or Sr. Safety Engineer may remove an establishment from the PQV Targeted Inspection List if any of the following is confirmed:
1. The establishment has received a comprehensive programmed inspection, or PQV inspection, within the previous three years;
2. The establishment is included in a corporate settlement agreement entered into by the Division requiring appropriate management systems for process safety;
The establishment is a Cal/VPP site;
4. The establishment is a corporate office or headquarters facility and is not engaged in any activity which poses a process safety hazard;
5. The establishment is not covered by PSM because of threshold quantity (TQ) considerations (see Sec. 5189 Appendix A) or because the establishment is one which falls into an EXCEPTION found in Sec. 5189(b)(1);
6. The establishment has been the subject of a comprehensive programmed, accident, complaint or referral inspection in the preceding year during which the establishment's PSM programs were evaluated.
4.�� PQV Compliance Personnel Resources
a. PQV Inspections
1. Only safety engineers and industrial hygienists who have successfully completed appropriate PSM training shall conduct PQV inspections.
NOTE: Appropriate PSM training includes either successful completion of the OSHA Training Institute's Course 330 (Safety and Health in the Chemical Processing Industries) and Course 340 (Hazard Analysis in the Chemical Processing Industries), or successful completion of the Division's sponsored or approved PSM Training.
Refresher training will be provided on an annual basis. Training topics may include, but not limited to, Ammonia Refrigeration, Explosive Process, Process Hazard Analysis Revalidation, and Pipeline Inspection Programs. Training will be provided by DM's and Regional Seniors.
2. Due to the size and complexity of many establishments covered by PSM, a PSM team consisting of an industrial hygienist and a safety engineer will conduct PQV inspections whenever needed. One will be designated as a Team Leader for this inspection. Each team member will conduct a separate inspection unless otherwise directed by their District Manager.
5.�� Personal Protective Equipment
a. All compliance personnel conducting PQV inspections shall wear appropriate protective equipment.
b. In addition, compliance personnel shall:
1. Wear flame retardant coveralls for protection from flash fires in all areas of the plant where a fire potential exists and when required by the establishment's policy and procedures.
NOTE: Clothing made of hazardous synthetic fabrics shall not be worn underneath flame-retardant coveralls.
2. When required by employer�s SOP or by situation, carry emergency escape respirators during the walkaround portion(s) of the inspection when inspecting process areas subject to explosion and fire.
All compliance personnel shall be in compliance with the Division's Respiratory Protection Program located in the Division's Administrative Policy and Procedures Manual Section A-22.
NOTE: The PSM District Manager shall ensure that all compliance personnel conducting PQV inspections receive proper training in the use of respiratory protection equipment.
3. Ensure that employer required hot work permits have been obtained for any photographic equipment, including still and video cameras, used in the process areas of the establishment being inspected.
6.�� PQV Inspection Procedures
Compliance personnel conducting PQV inspections shall follow the inspection procedures set forth in P&P C-1, C-1A and the procedures specified in this section.
a. Opening Conference
1. Management Representation
The PQV Team Leader shall request that the safety manager of the facility, the process safety manager, or other persons capable of explaining the establishment's process safety management program attend the Opening Conference.
NOTE: The PQV Team Leader shall also request that any contractor employers be present during the Opening Conference when their presence is necessary.
2. Process Overview
The PQV Team Leader shall request that the employer provide a detailed overview of the chemical process at the facility, including block diagrams indicating the specific chemicals and processes involved.
3. Process Safety Management Program
Prior to conducting the Walkaround, the PQV Team Leader shall request an explanation of the company's process safety management program including, but not limited to, how the elements of PSM are implemented, the personnel who have been designated as responsible for implementation of the elements of PSM and a description of any records which can be used to verify compliance with the PSM standard.
4. Emergency Response Procedures
Prior to conducting the Walkaround, PQV Team Members shall familiarize themselves with the establishment's emergency response procedures and emergency alarms.
b. Information and Documentation Requests
1. General and Process-Related
At the conclusion of the Opening Conference, compliance personnel shall request access to the following documents (utilizing the Document Request Sheet (Cal/OSHA 1AY) and inform the employer that a request may be made at a later date for copies of these documents:
Log 300 for the past three (3) years for both the establishment's employer and all process-related contractor employer(s).
Employer's written plan of action regarding the implementation of employee participation.
Written process safety information for the unit(s) selected, such as flow diagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID's), and process narrative descriptions.
NOTE: The employer is required to compile process safety information on a schedule consistent with the employer's schedule for conducting process hazard analyses.
Documented priority order and rationale for conducting process hazard analyses; copies of any process hazard analyses performed after May 1987; lists of team members; summary of actions to promptly address findings; written schedules for actions to be completed; documentation of resolution of findings; documentation verifying communication to appropriate personnel; and a five (5) year revalidation of original process hazard analysis required by the PSM standard.
Written operating procedures for safely conducting activities in each selected unit; annual certification that operating procedures are current and accurate; written procedures describing safe work practices for potentially hazardous operations, including (but not limited to) lockout/tagout, confined space entry, lifting equipment over process lines, capping open-ended valves, opening process equipment or piping, excavation, and control over entrance into a facility for maintenance, laboratory, or other support personnel.
'Training records for initial and refresher training for all employees in the selected unit(s) whose duties involve operating a process; methods for determining the content of the training; methods for determining frequency of refresher training; certification of required knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely perform their job for employees already involved in operating a process on May 26, 1992, who have not received initial training and other training materials.
Pre-Start Up safety review for new facilities and for modified facilities when the modification is significant enough to require a change in the process safety information; documentation of employee training for any changes.
Written procedures and schedules to maintain the ongoing integrity of process equipment; the relevant portions of applicable manufacturers' instructions, codes, standards, and inspection and tests performed on process equipment in the unit(s) selected.
Hot work permit program and active permits issued for the unit(s) selected.
Written procedures to manage change(s) to process chemicals, technology, equipment and procedures; and changes to facilities that affect a covered process.
Incident investigation reports for the unit(s) selected, resolutions and corrective actions taken in response to those incidents.
l. Emergency Action Plan
Written emergency action plan including procedures for handling small releases and evidence of compliance with 8 CCR 5192 (a), (p), and (q), where applicable.
2. Contractor-Related
At the conclusion of the Opening Conference, compliance personnel shall request information and access to the following documents and inform the establishment employer and any contractor employers present that a request may be made at a later date for copies of this information and/or documents:
a. From the Establishment's Employer
1. Documents relating to contractor employers' safety performance and programs.
2. Information about methods of informing contractor employers of known potential hazards related to contractor's work and the process and applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.
3. Information about safe work practices to control the entrance, presence and exit of contractor employers and contract employees in covered process areas.
4. Information about the evaluation of contractor employer performance in fulfilling responsibilities required by PSM.
5. A list of unique hazards presented by the contractor's work or hazards found in the workplace that has been reported to the employer by the contractor.
b. From Contractor Employers
1. Records showing that contract employees have received effective training in safe work practices which are related to the process on, or near, where they are working.
2. Information about known potential fire, explosion or toxic release hazards related to the particular contract activity and any applicable provisions of the establishment's emergency action plan.
3. A list of unique hazards presented by the contractor employer's work or hazards found in the establishment which has been reported to the contractor employer by their employees.
c. Walk-around
1. Purpose
a. After the Opening Conference, a brief Walkaround of those portions of the establishment within the scope of PSM shall be conducted.
NOTE: A more extensive Walkaround may be necessary after selection of the process unit(s) for inspection.
b. The purpose of the initial Walkaround is:
1. To give compliance personnel an overview of the facility's operations;
2. To allow compliance personnel to observe potential hazards, such as pipe-work in risk of impact or corroded or leaking equipment; unit or control room location; location of relief devices; and
3. To solicit input from employees or employee representatives concerning potential PSM program deficiencies.
2. Selection of Processes
The PQV Team Leader shall select one or more of the establishment's processes to evaluate for PSM compliance. Process selection shall be based on the following factors, which shall be documented in the case file:
a. Hazards observed during the initial walkthrough;
b. Incident reports and other history;
c. Company priorities for or completed process hazard analyses;
d. Age of the process unit;
e. Nature and quantity of chemicals involved;
f. Input from employees or employee representatives;
g. Current hot work, equipment replacement, or other maintenance activities; and
h. Number of employees present.
1. Complaint, Accident, and Referral inspections will be conducted as outlined in P&P C-1A.
2. Facilities regulated by Subchapter 14 Petroleum Safety Orders - Drilling and Production, and Subchapter 15 Petroleum Safety Orders - Refining Transportation and Handling are not subject to Programmed Quality Verification (PQV) inspections.
1. The Pressure Vessel Unit of the Division receives requests from facilities regulated by Title 8, Section 5189 (Process Safety Management) to re-rate pressure vessels and/or grant extensions on boilers. When requested by the Pressure Vessel Unit, the respective PSM District Office will review the Management of Change (MOC) provided by the Employer concerning the re-rate of pressure vessels or boiler extensions. The following procedures within the Management of Change should be reviewed:
a. Operating Procedures
b. Process Safety Information
c. Mechanical Integrity Program i.e. changes in inspection and testing procedures.
2. When variances are submitted by Petroleum Refineries to the Division, via the Pressure Vessel Unit, The Pressure Vessel Unit will forward the variance to the respective PSM District Office for review and comment.
3. When a petroleum refinery submits to the Division a risk-based inspection program or a fitness-for-service program as required by Title 8, Section 6857, the respective PSM District office and Pressure Vessel Unit will review and approve concurrently, prior to implementation of the program by the facility.
1. Citation Documentation
All citations and proposed penalties for PSM violations shall be documented in accordance with the procedures set forth in P&P C-1B and C-10.
a. Violation Elements
PSM Team Members and other compliance personnel shall utilize the PSM Audit Guidelines to determine the elements of a PSM violation.
b. Violation Classification
PSM requirements are closely interrelated and emphasize the application of management controls when addressing the risks associated with handling or working near hazardous chemicals; any PSM violation may be a condition which could result in death or serious physical harm to employees. Thus, most PSM violations can be classified as serious when the element of employer knowledge can be satisfied.
2. Citation Review
All PSM citations shall be reviewed prior to issuance by the PSM District Manager for all PQV inspections, or by the District and Regional Managers for non-PQV inspections involving PSM citations.
3. Citation Issuance
All PSM citations shall be office-issued from a PSM District Office, or by the District Office conducting a non-PQV inspection, and issued in accordance with the procedures set forth in P&P C-2.
Construction activity permits for PSM establishments, where there is an exclusive jurisdiction by the PSM District Office (primarily oil refineries and production facilities), will be issued by the PSM District Office that has jurisdiction over the site. The PSM District Office may elect to have the compliance District Office issue the permit, but in all cases the PSM District Office will participate in the permit conferences to review any PSM issues.


text:
Q: How can HVAC home comfort companies improve upon the traditional Clean-and-Check?
A: As the industry prepares for the next air conditioning season, I'm reminded of four calls I received last November from HVAC contractors offering furnace Clean-and-Checks. They each shared their winter Clean-and-Check plans, hoping to schedule a trip to my home. I've had a service agreement since the late 1980s, and told each that I had one.
When I worked for a major HVAC manufacturer in the 1980s, I was blown away by our service agreement business plan. We charged nothing to our channel partners for the professional product we built. It was a program based on significant homeowner research. It was assigned to someone important to the company — the chairman's son — and we gave it away because we valued our partners, and knew if they grew, we would grow. Further, we knew this was one of the best tools for our channel partners and their homeowner customers at the time. Today, the information available to the homeowner can be much more competitive with a service agreement, and with Clean-and-Check promotions.
What About Energy Audits?
Clean-and-Checks and Service Agreements are still important. In a recent article I shared how many new homeowner HVAC central equipment buyers purchased a service agreement with their new equipment. It was between one in every four to five; almost half.
Today, a Service Agreement is not enough. Your technicians must be more interactive with the homeowner. They can't simply leave the 14/18 point check up on the homeowner's table and leave. Outside of the information your service agreement provides, your customer is more informed, and in fact wants to be more informed about their home energy and comfort levels as the charts in this article display. In what ways are your teaching your technicians the art of sharing the information with the homeowner? In what ways are you helping them find ways to add other information to the service?
One fifth of recent central system equipment buyers had invested in an energy audit. Three in 10 now know they have a smart meter in their home. You may provide information to customers, however, they now find other sources of information on their own.
When I told each of the four callers I already had a service agreement, the call was immediately over. No one asked:
1. Has your contractor already completed your winter Clean-and-Check yet?
2. Are you happy with the service you are receiving from your existing contractor?
3. Do you know what your service agreement covers?
4. Do you have a smart meter in your home? Do you know how to use it?
5. Have you had an energy audit recently?
6. Would you like to know the ways we help our customers using energy and comfort plans and programs?
Not one caller moved past "good bye."
Northeast: 67%
Midwest: 70%
South: 55%
West: 43%
In fact, two simply hung up without a thank you or a goodbye. They had a homeowner who understands the importance of inviting a professional into their home to check and prepare their home for another season, and yet they did nothing to further qualify me as a possible client.
It's time to move away from the methods of the past. Building on the past is important, but how will you incorporate smart meters into your homeowner's on-going service? These new meters will continue to grow in importance to your customer.
Are you reading articles and finding ways to apply information to your Clean-and-Check or Service Agreement product? Our own American Home Comfort study for 2013 (often used in these articles) is being used not only by contractors, distributors, manufacturers, energy utilities, and government agencies, but also companies working on finding ways to help consumers and utilities use the information their smart meter can provide.
Are you building/using information that will benefit your customer and your business? Are you helping your customer get improved comfort while better controlling their energy use? Or are you still stuck in the 1980s, with nothing beyond your Clean-and-Check calls?
Decision Analyst's American Home Comfort Study of homeowners explores what customers look for in HVAC contractors. To learn more about this study, or to purchase it, contact Garry, at [email protected]


text:
New features recently added to pBiblx2 make it easy to incorperate a number of Field Wise components into your own html web pages.
- As of Ver.2.0.8 11/27/2010 these features include:
- slidy.pl non-random background (ex= B=0003.JPG)
- As of Ver.2.0.3 11/27/2010 these features include:
- a basic component dialog X=d
- basic component content X=c
- a combo/mini bible search/content X=m
- the full pBiblx2 interface X=x
- the page refreshing switch X=r for random quotes
These can be inserted into your html code via iframe or framed with or without you hosting a pBiblx2 server.
Some preliminary examples are included:
CSS theme switching for components is accomplished by the Css= cgi switch. A preview of some sample themes can be viewed on the Desktops link in the component dialog or visit PbiblxDesktops.html .
Various CSS techniques are now being tested to tie page styles together.
( Return to parent thread AdvancedUse )


text:
Kazakh nomads wore vests made from local goat hair to keep warm during severe winters on the Orenburg steppes. The goat hair was among the softest and finest in the world. When Russian settlers arrived in the 17th century, they used it to knit shawls in traditional patterns. Diaphanous and virtually weightless, these shawls are remarkably warm and durable.
Asia: North Asia, Russia, Orenburg
Asia: North Asia, Russia
Europe: Western Europe, France


text:
I use 11.10 with gnome 3 and Unity. In either case, I use two KDE apps a lot - kile and kate. Since the latest upgrade, I have observed a few problems:
a] I can never use Alt+F to select the file menu (works with other apps), yet when I press Alt, kile's menu comes up in the status bar.
b] A few times every day, while using kile (haven't used kate as much recently), the keyboard stops responding (just in the 'editor' portion, rather than in structure-tree navigation). I cannot enter any text, but mouse works fine. I usually restart kile to continue working.
One inconsistent way to reproduce it (multiple times today):
I cut text from one open document using Ctrl+X
switched to another document in the same kile window using Ctrl+Tab, then this happened.
c] Sometimes, in kate, I can type in the editor but the keyboard won't work in the
File open dialog.
How do I fix the above?


text:
The MacSparky Paperless Field Guide
by David Sparks
Current shipping version: 1.4 (February 2014)
Paperless takes the mystery (and fear) out of going paperless with your Apple technology. The book includes 32 screencasts, 4 movies, over 26,000 words, and other rich-media assets to turn you into a paperless ninja. The material is accessible to beginners and power users alike with a thorough explanation of all the hardware, software, and workflows necessary to finally conquer paper. In December 2012, Apple awarded Paperless a "Best of 2012" award.
Chapters include:
1. Why Paperless
What is the big deal with paperless and why do so many of us struggle with it?
2. Paperless Overview
Get an idea for the big picture before diving into the nitty-gritty.
3. Capture
Discover how you can capture paper and other digital information with the Mac, iPad, and iPhone. This chapter also demystifies optical character recognition and explains how you can put it to work for you.
4. Process
Learn how to reliably name, index, and store your paperless documents. This chapter also covers your questions about cloud storage and backup.
5. Use
Now that you've created a paperless workflow, learn how to access your paperless documents from anywhere on the Mac, iPad, and iPhone. This chapter also explains how to sign digital documents on the Mac, iPad, and iPhone.
6. David's Paperless Workflow
The author explain his "go-to" applications, hardware, and tricks for managing paperless documents.
7. Appendix
Learn more about Apple Automator, cloud storage, and other helpful resources.
This is the first book in the MacSparky Field Guide Series. This book is a large file (860 MB) and includes over 1.5 hours of video and screencasts. This books runs on all versions of the iPad.
Praise for the MacSparky Paperless Field Guide
"If you or your organization is looking to save money by using less paper, or you just want to reduce your own personal paper workflow, this might be a great way to start."
"This is no glorified PDF: Sparks' book takes full advantage of iBooks Author, which Sparks used to create it: it contains over 26,000 words, along with 32 screencasts, four movies and other rich media content – over an hour and a half of video"
"Put simply, if you're planning on removing paper from your life or you're even slightly interested in this whole idea of digitalizing bits of paper, David's book is the guide you need to achieve a state-of-the-art system. I have been reading the book, and it's full of tips and broad recommendations to illustrate how you can capture documents, the apps you can use (both on OS X and iOS), and the best techniques you can rely on to future-proof your PDFs. I have already discovered a couple of new apps thanks to David's book."
... after reading David Spark's newest book, Paperless, I realize that while I might be an Efficiency Ninja (an e-Ninja– Haawaaaaaa Yah!), I'm no where close to being a Master. Thankfully, I have access to the training of Master e-Ninja Sparks.
"The MacSparky Field Guide to going Paperless is a detailed but easy to read book that explains the electronic document workflow and how to accomplish it. The book is perfect for individuals and organizations looking to reduce the cost of handling paper ... Years ago, I helped a multi-million dollar business become paperless. This book described many of the same solutions and more."
"Okay, so it's 2014, and I'm a bit late to the parade. But seriously, better late than never: This is one you shouldn't miss. Sparks, a self-proclaimed "Mac zealot," wrote Paperless primarily for Mac users, so just about anyone with a Mac can use the methods he describes. But the book's big-picture paperless concepts and workflows are applicable for PC users too — and lawyers would be especially well-served by implementing his ideas."
"This covers lots of relevant tools and methodology through text and diagrams and even demonstrates short bits in the form of screencasts so you can see how exactly things work on a Mac. In fact that book finally got me started on my project. If you think about doing a Paperless project, start with reading Davids book. No better resource that I know of. And no, sadly I'm not affiliated ;-)"
"Maybe you've already been attempting paperless. Maybe you're curious about it. I don't care—you'll learn something new. David covers it all, from capture to file management. And all the tools in between. Beyond being extremely informative, Paperless is a beautiful work. And I do mean work. David sweated all the details."
Eddie Smith, Practically Efficient
"I don't even use a Mac at work (I have a Mac at home but use a PC in my office) but I still learned a ton that has already made me more productive working with files on the PC at my desk and I picked up lots of useful tips on making the most of my iPad."
"Paperless is a terrific primer on simplifying and strengthening your digital workflow, making it easier to manage information and to be sure that you'll have access to it when you need it. The book is available for $5, either as an iBook (optimized for iPad reading) or as a PDF. The PDF version includes all the screencasts in a separate folder, so that you can read the document in the most convenient way. It would've been cheap at double the price."
"Paperless is a brand new iBookstore book from David Sparks. He wrote it in iBooks Author and, in addition to being full of great information and how-tos, it's jam packed with slideshows, screencasts, and Retina display graphics. I've been slowly working towards setting up a paperless office here at my home, and so I bought my copy yesterday."
"The best review I can give is that it is a work of extraordinary craftsmanship by an expert in the field. It is a how-to guide for keeping digital records ... Paperless is part of the future that Apple promised with iBooks Author. It is more than a book. It is a knowledge application."
"Even if you have never read MacSparky or listened to Mac Power Users, it will be very clear from reading this that David really knows his stuff. He has spent a lot of time thinking about his tools and workflow, and has tried to make it as efficient as possible."
"[T]his is the comprehensive guide to going Paperless. If you had ever tried or considered doing so but just didn't know how or where to start, this is the place to do so."
"No only did I start reading the book immediately, I finished all 27,000 words in a single sitting. It's a useful, logical and thorough look at every aspect of going from paper laden to paper free. I've made great strides in my own paperless workflow, but I still picked up a ton of tips and tactics."
Michael Schechter, A Better Mess
"The book is just so amazingly straightforward, awesome, and educational that I can't help but pass it on. If you ever wondered how you could possibly go paperless, start here, look no further. David Sparks has written not only something that is beautiful to look at and read, but also entertaining and informative in a way that allows even the most entrenched Luddite to move forward with technology in their life."
"David de-mystifies the process of going paperless, using Apple products as the core tools to doing so ... I picked up some nice tips in this guide."
"The book is a deep dive on paperless workflows for the Mac, iPad, and iPhone. The book includes screenshots, interactive images, and short movies. Not only does this book tell you how to go paperless, it also shows you. Trust me, you can do a lot with this book."
"David's book covers all the basics of a paperless lifestyle including over 1.5 hours of screencasts with best practices and tutorials lovingly crafted into a beautiful iBooks experience for the iPad. The book is a bargain at only $4.99 and I hope it is the first of many more to come."
"As the first in David's new series of 'Macsparky Field Guides,' this is a groundbreaking read for iPad users that lays out a wonderful lifestyle choice and workflow: how to keep your papers and documents digital 100% of the time."
Joseph Darnell, Jiving Jackalope
"That would make it cool enough, but it also has a metric ton of handy tips for, well, going paperless, as the discerning reader has probably figured out. I've had a ScanSnap for years and use Evernote and Dropbox like crazy, so I consider myself more knowledgeable than your average person, but I still found a lot of clever new ideas."
"As the first in David's new series of 'Macsparky Field Guides,' this is a groundbreaking read for iPad users that lays out a wonderful lifestyle choice and workflow: how to keep your papers and documents digital 100% of the time."
"There are so many things I like about this. I like David. I like ebooks. I like that an ebook can include other forms of media. The stack, no, pile of papers on the corner of my desk waiting to be de-paperized like the topic."
"Paper has finally met its match."
"The book is a deep dive on paperless workflows for the Mac, iPad, and iPhone. The book includes screenshots, interactive images, and short movies. Not only does this book tell you how to go paperless, it also shows you. Trust me, you can do a lot with this book. I can't believe it only costs $5."
"[Paperless] is packed with really useful information on how to go paperless using the various Apple devices. David has done a terrific job of deploying the multimedia capabilities of this format to the maximum effect without going mad with them."
"… the value of Paperless lies in the level of detail covering all aspects of creating and using a paperless system."
"Paperless is so beautiful. Sparks has paid so much attention to every single detail that he has succeeded in setting the bar incredibly high for self-publishing in this new form."
Podcasts About Paperless


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Walnut Oil
by Maimeri
Similar properties to linseed oil, but it does not yellow as much. Good drying power, increases the brightness of colors.
Maimeri Walnut Oil comes in 75 ml and 250 ml bottles.
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Find the best German mortgage rates
Calculate mortgage rates in Germany
|Interest rate
|Monthly rate
5 yearFixed Interest Period
|€ 648
10 yearFixed Interest Period
|€ 661
15 yearFixed Interest Period
|€ 765
20 yearFixed Interest Period
|€ 867
25 yearFixed Interest Period
|€ 923
30 yearFixed Interest Period
|€ 973
Rates updated daily (Last updated on September 15, 2019)
Buying a property in Munich
Purchase fees in Munich
Whether you are buying a property as a primary residence, second home or investment property, every state in Germany has their own singular purchase fees.
These fees are composed of the notary fee, real estate commission, and property transfer tax.
When buying a property in Munich the notary fee is 2% of the property price, an amount that remains constant throughout Germany.
The use of a real estate agent to acquire a property in Munich adds a commission of 7,14% to the purchase fees, where 3,57% is paid by the buyer and 3,57% of the commission is covered by the seller. However, in certain cases, depending on the size of the property price, this amount can be negotiated. Newly built projects, or properties bought directly from a distributor are typically commission-free.
Finally, the property transfer tax amounts to 3,50%. Given a property price of € 400,000, the purchase fees in Munich are either , or , depending on whether you use a real estate agent when you purchase your property.
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Notre Dame women keep rolling, beat Maryland 87-61
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) Notre Dame's Muffet McGraw has deflected talk of a perfect season and a potential showdown with rival Connecticut all year long.
Now the undefeated Irish will get a crack at their rival when the teams meet for a national championship on Tuesday night.
The former Big East teams had developed the top rivalry in the sport. The Irish have won seven of the previous nine meetings, including beating the Huskies twice in the Final Four.
UConn (39-0) won the last meeting though, topping Notre Dame in the Final Four last season.
"It's better than meeting in the national semifinals," McGraw deadpanned about the title matchup.
The Irish (37-0) advanced to the championship game with an 87-61 rout of Maryland on Sunday night in the Final Four.
Kayla McBride scored 28 points in one of the most impressive games of her career. The All-American senior guard seemingly did whatever she wanted, and enjoyed herself while she did it.
"She was truly special," McGraw said. "She was having fun out there and that was the key. She was hitting shots from all over."
McBride shed defenders with behind-the-back dribbles and quick cross-overs before scoring. She set the tone, refusing to let for Notre Dame's pursuit of a perfect season end.
"It means a lot as a senior," McBride said. "I'm so proud of this team. We went through a lot of adversity, especially after losing `Ace.' We're going to go in and look at the film and be ready for the game."
Notre Dame lost senior Natalie `Ace' Achonwa in the regional final when she suffered a torn ACL. The team wore shirts in warm-ups with Achonwa's No. 11 and the 6-foot-3 forward's nickname on the back. She helped her team warm up, passing the ball and offering words of encouragement.
McGraw, who was The Associated Press coach of the year, was concerned coming into the game about her team's ability to rebound against the bigger Terrapins without Achonwa. Her team practiced all week on boxing out and not allowing second shots.
It worked. The Irish dominated the Terrapins (28-7) on the boards, outrebounding them in record fashion. Notre Dame had a 50-21 rebounding advantage, including a 19-4 mark on the offensive end. It was the widest rebounding margin ever in a Final Four game, shattering the previous mark of 19 set by Louisiana Tech in 1989. Maryland broke the national semifinals record for fewest rebounds in a game of 25 set by Minnesota in 2004.
"We thought the game would be won on the boards and I think it was," McGraw said. "To hold them to four offensive rebounds for the game was amazing. We did a great job boxing out and really limited their rebounds. Kayla McBride got us off to a phenomenal start."
Said Maryland star Alyssa Thomas: "They wanted it more. They beat us at our own game."
Notre Dame also befuddled Maryland on defense, forcing the Terps into turnovers and poor shots with ever-changing defenses. Thomas, who finished with 14 points, was constantly double-teamed and rarely got good looks at the basket.
Thomas ended her career as the school's all-time leading scorer and rebounder. She had waited four years to make the Final Four. Coach Brenda Frese took her out with 1:33 left, giving her star a long hug as she headed to the bench.
This was Maryland's first trip to the Final Four since winning the championship in 2006. The Terps were intent on crashing the party and ruining Notre Dame's perfect season.
For the first 12 minutes they were able to keep the game close. They only trailed 23-21 before McBride and Notre Dame took control with a 10-0 run. McBride had the first five points hitting a layup and converting a nifty three-point play.
Taya Reimer, who replaced Achonwa in the starting lineup, scored her first points of the game on a layup to cap the burst and make it 33-21. The teams traded baskets over the next few minutes and the Irish led 37-27 before closing the half by scoring 11 of the final 15 points, including a crisp pass from Reimer to a cutting McBride for a layup – a play often run between Achonwa and McBride.
The first half was similar to the first meeting in the regular season when the Irish jumped all over the Terrapins, taking a 22-point advantage before Maryland rallied.
There was no comeback this time.
Follow Doug on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/dougfeinberg


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If multiple CoS definitions or multivalued specifiers exist, but no merge-schemes qualifier, Directory Server uses a priority attribute to select a single template that defines the single value of the computed attribute.
The cosPriority attribute represents the global priority of a particular template among all those being considered. A priority of zero is the highest priority. Templates that contain no cosPriority attribute are considered the lowest priority. When two or more templates provide an attribute value but have the same or no priority, a value is chosen arbitrarily.
Template priorities are not taken into account when using the merge-schemes qualifier. When merging, all templates being considered define a value regardless of any priority that the templates define. The cosPriority attribute is defined on CoS template entries as described in the following section.
The cosPriority attribute must not have a negative value. Also, attributes generated by indirect CoS do not support priority. Do not use cosPriority in template entries of an indirect CoS definition.


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Xavier rebounds after devastation of Katrina
CHEVEL JOHNSON | 9/9/2013, 10:22 a.m.
The Associated Press
NEW ORLEANS – Eight years ago, Xavier University took a heavy blow from Hurricane Katrina and its floodwaters. But while the public University of New Orleans and Southern University at New Orleans have struggled to rebound, this private, Catholic institution has made a dramatic turnaround, increasing its enrollment and expanding its campus since the storm.
Founded in 1825 by the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, the small liberal arts college has built a reputation as the place to go for Blacks seeking medical careers. Katrina drowned the campus in floodwaters up to 8 feet deep and administrators estimated losses at more than $90 million in storm damage, lost tuition and scholarship revenue.
Since then, the university's footprint has changed tremendously.
There's a new pharmacy building that bears the name of the Persian Gulf state of Qatar, which helped build it with a $12.5 million donation. There's also the new $10 million, 450-seat chapel designed by world-renowned Argentinian architect Cesar Pelli.
A storm-ravaged dormitory that was scheduled to be demolished is now a $7 million haven for health and academic services and a new $25 million Convocation Center replaced the 76-year-old, storm-damaged gym known as The Barn.
University President Norman Francis – at the helm for the past 45 years – beams when he discusses the academic and physical recovery at his school.
"What we've done at Xavier is enhance our capacity for teaching and learning and we've enhanced the experiences for young people so they can go as far as they can go," Francis said.
According to a report by the National Science Foundation, Xavier ranks fifth in the nation in producing Black graduates who go on to receive science and engineering doctorates. It's first in the nation in producing Black graduates who receive life science doctorates and seventh in producing Black graduates who get physical sciences PhDs.
"We're going to dance with the girls who brought us to the dance," Francis said. "The STEM [science, technology, engineering and mathematics] fields helped increase our enrollment and brought us national attention. So we won't abandon our commitment to those fields."
The fall semester enrollment is at 3,137, according to preliminary reports, said Kenneth St. Charles, Xavier's vice president for institutional advancement. Enrollment hit a record 4,190 before Katrina and dropped to 3,013 in 2006.
"My goal would be that we get to between 3,500 and 3,800," Francis said. "That's still small enough for us to continue to make sure that everybody is somebody and everyone knows that he or she is cared for and not just a number. That's been one of our secrets."
The university also rebuilt 10 homes on land it owned following Katrina and has added 12 other residences to its portfolio that faculty and staff can rent.
As the land-locked campus has evolved, Francis acknowledges that he's heard grumblings from some in and outside of the community.
"The people who are not happy are those who don't live in Gert Town," Francis said of the neighborhood where Xavier stands. "Gert Town can be changed if we can get a consensus from the people, but there are people who have kept it down for their own personal reasons. Those are the ones who complain this big university is taking over."


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Inventory Unit Detail
2019 Yamaha 15 HP
Call for Price
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Yamaha's high-powered portables are redefining the expectations for portable horsepower, from the F15 and F20 to the outstanding, new F25, an IBEX Innovation Award Winner for 2017. Their single-overhead-camshaft, two-cylinder designs create power to weight that's not only eye-opening—but in the case of the F25, it's also class-leading and category jumping. In fact, the four-stroke 25 hp, previously a midrange outboard, is now so light, it's jumped to our portable family. Like its new F15 and F20 siblings, the F25 has taken on signature portable advantages like an oil-retention system for leak-free, on-side storage capability, carry handles and resting pads. So whether you're headed duck hunting with a jon boat or on the way to a lake cottage and your 14-foot aluminum boat, your Yamaha portable's ready to go.
- Efficient Power: The F25, F20 and F15 all feature a two-valve-per-cylinder, single-overhead-camshaft design that provides better breathing and more power.
- Optimum Performance: An optimally balanced crankshaft and labyrinth exhaust deliver smooth power, while Microcomputer Ignition adjusts timing to maintain maximum engine performance, economy and power under all conditions
- Streamlined Intake: An intake silencer and manifold on the F20 and F15 result in more direct airflow, for minimum noise and maximum power.
- Responsive Acceleration: An acceleration pump on the F20 and F15 gives the engine the fuel it needs--when it needs it--like during rapid throttle advance. This ensures responsive acceleration.
- Optimal Operation: CDI Microcomputer Ignition monitors throttle position, engine speed and atmospheric conditions in order to precisely adjust ignition timing under all conditions for optimum ignition performance, ensuring smooth and reliable operation.
- Wet Sump: A pressurized oil delivery system incorporates a compact and durable oil pump to keep all of the moving parts of their SOHC systems lubricated and running smoothly for maximum reliability.
- Engine Warning System: Protects the outboard with a range of functions including: overheat protection and low-oil-pressure warning (automatically reducing maximum RPM to 2000), over-rev protection, start-in-gear protection and shift-in prevention at open throttle.
- Corrosion Protection: Combined with our proprietary alloy (YDC-30), our exclusive Phaze Five™ electro-deposited, anti-corrosive paint system provides a tough, five-layer barrier against corrosion. This protection is standard on all Yamaha Portable four-stroke outboards.
- Max Maneuverability: A 45-degree steering angle in each direction means great maneuvering potential.
- Easy Engine Flushing: A Freshwater Flush Device allows you to flush the engine without running it, for added convenience and extended engine life.
- Portability and Storage: Incredible light weights, built-in resting pads and carry handles, an easy oil retention system and an optional folding tiller handle, allow for easy carrying and on-side storage without oil leakage or cowling scuffs.
- Our 362-cc 15-hp portable features a SOHC in-line, two-cylinder design. Its single carburetor and CDI Microcomputer Ignition System make it one of the most fuel-efficient in its class. At just 111 pounds, it's suitable for lightweight craft such as aluminum fishing boats, tenders and inflatables.
- Available for remote mechanical or tiller-handle control
- Only 111 pounds (15" shaft model)
- Available in 15" and 20" shaft lengths
- Powerful 10-amp alternator
- Engine Type: 2 cyl
- Displacement: 362 cc
- Bore x Stroke: 63 x 58.1mm (2.48 x 2.29 in)
- Prop Shaft Horsepower: 15 hp @ 5500 rpm
- Full Throttle RPM Range: 5000 ~ 6000 rpm
- Alternator Output at W.O.T.: 10 Amp
- Compression Ratio: 9.3:1
- Fuel Induction System: Carb
- Weight*: 59kg (132 lbs)
- Recommended Fuel: Octane 87
- Recommended Engine Oil: Yamalube® 4M (See owner's manual)
- Recommended Fuel Filtration: Yamaha 10-Micron Fuel/Water Separating Filter (external)
- C.A.R.B. Rating: 3-Star
- Exhaust: Through Propeller
- Intake: 4
- Ignition: CDI
- Spark Plug: DPR6EB-9
- Alternator Output: 10 Amp
- Starting System: Electric & Manual
- Lubrication: Wet Sump
- Engine Oil Capacity: 1.8L/1.6L
- Recommended Cooling: Thermostatic Control
- Ethanol Blend Limit: 10% Maximum
- Gear Ratio: 2.08:1
- Gear Shift: Forward, Neutral, Reverse
- Shaft Length: 20"
- Degree of Tilt: 67°- 71°
- Degree of Trim: -4° through +16°
- Dry Weight: 20" shaft 60kg (132 lbs)
- Mounting Centers: N/A
- Steering Angle (maximum): 45° from center, either direction
- Warranty: Limited 3-Year Pleasure, 3-Year Government, 1-Year Commercial
- Engine Type
- 2 cyl.
- Bore x Stroke
- 2.48 x 2.29 in. (63 x 58.1mm)
- Displacement
- 362 cc
- Starting
- Electric & Manual
- Shaft Length
- 20 in.
- Weight
- 132 lb. (59 kg)
- Propshaft Horsepower
- 15 hp
- Full Throttle Operating Range
- 5000 ~ 6000 rpm
- Gear Ratio / Shift
- 2.08:1 / Forward, Neutral, Reverse
- Fuel Induction
- Alternator
- 10 Amp
- Warranty
- Limited 3-Year Pleasure, 3-Year Government, 1-Year Commercial


text:
Violet_Baudelaire takes us into Friday with this stellar COTD about the scary creeps of Towson University's White Student Union:
And as per usual, a group is so concerned with White Female Christian Virtue that they've forgotten all about White Male Christian Decency.
Submit nominations to the Comment of the Day tag page. Click on the comment's time stamp, and post the comment's URL to the forum. (Replying to a comment with "#cotd" does not work; you need to go to the forum.) For meetups, use the meetup forum!


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Tom Campher Volvo Cars,
Tom Campher's
Volvo buyers benefits:
Tom Campher Volvo Cars, Johannesburg www.volvocarsjhb.co.za
Roadside Assistance l Priority Service Booking l Loan Cars l Shuttle Services l Loan Accessories


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The game you are trying to view has ceased development and consequently been archived. If you are a member of this game, can demonstrate that it is being actively developed and will be able to keep this profile up to date with the latest news, images, videos and downloads, please contact us with all details and we will consider its re-activation.
In the not too distant future the once great nations of the West have fallen into a state of technological and cultural regression brought about by the rise of organised fundamentalist religious groups. The only remaining light of reason remains in the highly technologically focused nations in Asia and Northern Europe. As a freelance agent of corporate espionage you are available to the highest bidder. Stealth your way through enclaves and headquarters to retrieve documents, implant sabotage and affect leadership changes at the highest level.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
I submit for your pleasure, a quick demonstration of some of the obstacle removing tools available in End of Reason.


text:
Bivik Shah MD
About the Practice
Practice Philosophy
Dr. Bivik Shah started the Columbus Institute of Plastic Surgery, serving Columbus and Dayton, Ohio, because he wanted to create an environment in a private practice setting that left every patient satisfied and comfortable with his or her care. He strives to make his patients feel cared for and important as he attempts to meet each and every medical and personal need. If you choose us for your plastic surgery care, you can be sure that all of your wishes will be met and all your questions will be answered.
At the Columbus Institute of Plastic Surgery, we have created an extraordinary environment that will cater to your wants and needs. We understand that you are the most important aspect of our practice. We make the focus of our practice your satisfaction. We do this in several ways. First, we allow you all the time you need with Dr. Shah so that you have a clear understanding of options available to you and make sure all of your questions are answered thoroughly. Next, we have a staff that is very experienced in plastic surgery and knows exactly what you will be going through – they excel at anticipating your needs. Our nursing staff will make sure you are fully prepared for what you will experience after surgery. Finally, your surgeon is available to you by phone, at any time day, night, weekends, or holidays to answer any questions before surgery or after. Together, the entire staff strives to make your experience the most pleasurable it can be to help your transition to the new, confident you.
Here at the Columbus Institute of Plastic Surgery, serving Columbus and Dayton, Ohio, it is very important to us that all of your questions are answered. We will spend as much time with you as you need to be fully comfortable with the office and procedure. It is our goal to treat you as a family member. Our staff will make every effort to make you feel welcome and relaxed by knowing your name and learning about the person you are outside of the waiting room. We will be with you through every step of your plastic surgery experience, from the initial consult to recovery. We will make sure you know everything you need to know about your procedure and what to expect after surgery is complete, and our staff will make sure all of your needs are met. All you need to do is sit back, relax, and heal.
Practice Specialization
Dr. Shah has extensive training in plastic surgery. He performs various procedures, including breast augmentation and reduction, liposuction, and body contouring after bariatric surgery weight loss at his Columbus, Ohio, practice. In addition, Dr. Shah performs tummy tuck, blepharoplasty, face lift, forehead lift, chemical peels, and BOTOX® Cosmetic.
Additional Information
"You did a wonderful job. Your staff is so wonderful, and helpful. I just wanted to let you know how thankful I am!" - S. B.
"Dr. Shah did a great job, Joanna was very quick in responding to all of my questions, and Mary Beth was very helpful…" - A.C.
"Thank you for taking such good care of me! I felt so confident going through with this with you." - D. B.
Background & Certification
Board Certification
Because there are so many different board certifications, it can be difficult to decide which one is important. The only two that are associated with plastic surgeons are the American Board of Plastic Surgery and the American Osteopathic Association. There are many other boards that "certify" physicians, but they often do not have the requirements in testing and training that are necessary to be a good plastic surgeon. Our own Bivik Shah, Columbus plastic surgeon serving Dayton and the surrounding areas, is board certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery.
Professional Background
Dr. Bivik Shah grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio. He earned an electrical engineering degree from the University of Michigan before returning to Ohio to attend medical school at Ohio State University. Dr. Shah later joined the faculty of Ohio State University, where he was responsible for performing surgery on some of the city's most complicated burn and reconstruction cases.
Publications and Presentations
Dr. Shah has written several papers that have been published in medical journals.
Affiliations & Memberships
Society Memberships
Dr. Shah is a member of several medical associations, including the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the American Burn Association, the Ohio State Medical Association, and the Columbus Medical Association.
Your Consultation
All of us here at the Columbus Institute of Plastic Surgery are confident you will enjoy your visit and hope you will look to us for all of your questions about plastic surgery. Columbus, Dayton, and other Ohio residents are urged to contact us today to schedule a personal consultation with Columbus plastic surgeon Dr. Shah.
Staff & Facilities
Surgical Facility
Dr. Shah operates in an AAAASF certified facility. Quality of care ensures a higher standard of care including quality and excellence to patients. Call the AAAASF (American Association for the Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgical Facilities) at (888)545-5222 or visit their website at http://www.aaaasf.org .
Payment Options
If you are interested in breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, or any other cosmetic procedure, financing can help you cover surgical costs. In our Columbus, Ohio office, we have helped many patients finance their procedures. Contact us today to discuss your surgery and financing options.
Bivik Shah MD
6499 E Broad St, #130, Columbus,
Request More Information
- View Website
View phone number
Phone: 614-322-2500