text:
This chapter describes how to create custom filters that can be used to intercept and possibly modify the content presented to or generated by another function.
This chapter has the following sections:
The NSAPI interface may change in a future version of Sun Java System Web Server.
To keep your custom plug-ins upgradable, do the following:
Make sure plug-in users know how to edit the configuration files (such as magnus.conf and obj.conf) manually. The plug-in installation software should not be used to edit these configuration files.
Keep the source code so you can recompile the plug-in.
The NSAPI filter interface complements the NSAPI Server Application Function (SAF) interface. Filters enable functions to intercept and possibly modify data sent to and from the server. The server communicates with a filter by calling the filter's filter methods. Each filter implements one or more filter methods. A filter method is a C function that performs a specific operation, such as processing data sent by the server.
This section describes the filter methods that a filter can implement. To create a filter, a filter developer implements one or more of these methods.
This section describes the following filter methods:
For more information about these methods, see Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference.
The C prototypes for the filter methods are:
int insert(FilterLayer *layer, pblock *pb); void remove(FilterLayer *layer); int flush(FilterLayer *layer); int read(FilterLayer *layer, void *buf, int amount, int timeout); int write(FilterLayer *layer, const void *buf, int amount); int writev(FilterLayer *layer, const struct iovec *iov, int iov_size); int sendfile(FilterLayer *layer, sendfiledata *sfd);
The layer parameter is a pointer to a FilterLayer data structure, which contains variables related to a particular instance of a filter.
The most important fields in the FilterLayer data structure are:
context->sn: Contains information relating to a single TCP/IP session (the same sn pointer that's passed to SAFs).
context->rq: Contains information relating to the current request (the same rq pointer that's passed to SAFs).
lower: A platform-independent socket descriptor used to communicate with the next filter in the stack.
The meaning of the context->data field is defined by the filter developer. Filters that must maintain state information across filter method calls can use context->data to store that information.
For more information about FilterLayer, see FilterLayer Data Structure.
The insert filter method is called when an SAF such as insert-filter calls the filter_insert function to request that a specific filter be inserted into the filter stack. Each filter must implement the insert filter method.
When insert is called, the filter can determine whether it should be inserted into the filter stack. For example, the filter could inspect the content-type header in the rq->srvhdrs pblock to determine whether it is interested in the type of data that will be transmitted. If the filter should not be inserted, the insert filter method should indicate this by returning REQ_NOACTION.
If the filter should be inserted, the insert filter method provides an opportunity to initialize this particular instance of the filter. For example, the insert method could allocate a buffer with MALLOC and store a pointer to that buffer in layer->context->data.
The filter is not part of the filter stack until after insert returns. As a result, the insert method should not attempt to read from, write to, or otherwise interact with the filter stack.
For more information, see insert() Function in Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference.
The remove filter method is called when a filter stack is destroyed (that is, when the corresponding socket descriptor is closed), when the server finishes processing the request the filter was associated with, or when an SAF such as remove-filter calls the filter_remove function. The remove filter method is optional.
The remove method can be used to clean up any data the filter allocated in insert and to pass any buffered data to the next filter by calling net_write(layer->lower, ...).
For more information, see remove() Function in Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference.
The flush filter method is called when a filter or SAF calls the net_flush function. The flush method should pass any buffered data to the next filter by calling net_write(layer->lower, ...). The flush method is optional, but it should be implemented by any filter that buffers outgoing data.
For more information, see flush() Function in Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference.
The read filter method is called when a filter or SAF calls the net_read function. Filters that are interested in incoming data, that is, data sent from a client to the server implement the read filter method.
Typically, the read method will attempt to obtain data from the next filter by calling net_read(layer->lower, ...). The read method may then modify the received data before returning it to its caller.
For more information, see read() Function in Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference.
The write filter method is called when a filter or SAF calls the net_write function. Filters that are interested in outgoing data, that is, data sent from the server to a client implement the write filter method.
Typically, the write method will pass data to the next filter by calling net_write(layer->lower, ...). The write method may modify the data before calling net_write. For example, the http-compression filter compresses data before passing it on to the next filter.
If a filter implements the write filter method but does not pass the data to the next layer before returning to its caller, that is, if the filter buffers outgoing data, the filter should also implement the flush method.
For more information, see write() Function in Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference.
The sendfile filter method performs a function similar to the writev filter method, but it sends a file directly instead of first copying the contents of the file into a buffer. You do not have to implement the sendfile filter method. If a filter implements the write filter method but not the sendfile filter method, the server will use the write method instead of the sendfile method. A filter should not implement the sendfile method unless it also implements the write method.
Under some circumstances, the server might run slightly faster when filters that implement the write filter method also implement the sendfile filter method.
For more information, see sendfile() Function in Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference
The writev filter method performs the same function as the write filter method, but the format of its parameters is different. It is not necessary to implement the writev filter method; if a filter implements the write filter method but not the writev filter method, the server uses the write method instead of the writev method. A filter should not implement the writev method unless it also implements the write method.
Under some circumstances, the server may run slightly faster when filters that implement the write filter method also implement the writev filter method.
For more information, see writev() Function in Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference
All data sent to the server, such as the result of an HTML form, or sent from the server, such as the output of a JSP page, is passed through a set of filters known as a filter stack. The server creates a separate filter stack for each connection. While processing a request, individual filters can be inserted into and removed from the stack.
Different types of filters occupy different positions within a filter stack. Filters that deal with application-level content (such filters that translates a page from XHTML to HTML) occupy a higher position than filters that deal with protocol-level issues (such as filters that format HTTP responses). When two or more filters are defined to occupy the same position in the filter stack, filters that were inserted later will appear higher than filters that were inserted earlier.
Filters positioned higher in the filter stack are given an earlier opportunity to process outgoing data, while filters positioned lower in the stack are given an earlier opportunity to process incoming data.
When you create a filter with the filter_create function, you specify what position your filter should occupy in the stack. You can also use the init-filter-order Init SAF to control the position of specific filters within filter stacks. For example, init-filter-order can be used to ensure that a filter that converts outgoing XML to XHTML is inserted above a filter that converts outgoing XHTML to HTML.
For more information, see filter_create() Function and init-filter-order in the Sun Java System Web Server 7.0 Update 4 Administrator's Configuration File Reference.
Filters that can alter the length of an incoming request body or outgoing response body must take special steps to ensure interoperability with other filters and SAFs.
Filters that process incoming data are referred to as input filters, so that an input filter can alter the length of the incoming request body. For example, if a filter decompresses incoming data and a Content-Length header is in the rq->headers pblock, the filter's insert filter method should remove the Content-Length header and replace it with a Transfer-encoding: identity header as follows:
pb_param *pp; pp = pblock_remove("content-length", layer->context->rq->headers); if (pp != NULL) { param_free(pp); pblock_nvinsert("transfer-encoding", "identity", layer->context->rq->headers); }
Because some SAFs expect a content-length header when a request body is present, before calling the first Service SAF, the server will insert all relevant filters, read the entire request body, and compute the length of the request body after it has been passed through all input filters. However, by default, the server will read at most 8192 bytes of request body data. If the request body exceeds 8192 bytes after being passed through the relevant input filters, the request will be cancelled. For more information, see the description of ChunkedRequestBufferSize in the "Syntax and Use of obj.conf"chapter in the Sun Java System Web Server 7.0 Update 4 Administrator's Configuration File Reference.
Filters that process outgoing data are referred to as output filters. If an output filter can alter the length of the outgoing response body. Foor example, if the filter compresses outgoing data, the filter's insert filter method should remove the Content-Length header from rq->srvhdrs as follows:
pb_param *pp; pp = pblock_remove("content-length", layer->context->rq->srvhdrs); if (pp != NULL) param_free(pp);
Custom filters are defined in shared libraries that are loaded and called by the server. The general steps for creating a custom filter are as follows:
Write the source code using the NSAPI functions.
Compile and link the source code to create a shared library ( .so, .sl, or .dll) file.
Load and initialize the filter by editing the magnus.conf file.
Instruct the server to insert the filter by editing the obj.conf file to insert your custom filter(s) at the appropriate time.
Restart the server.
Test the filter by accessing your server from a browser with a URL that triggers your filter.
These steps are described in greater detail in the following sections.
Write your custom filter methods using NSAPI functions. For a summary of the NSAPI functions specific to filter development, seeOverview of NSAPI Functions for Filter Development and Filter Methods for the filter method prototypes.
The filter must be created by a call to filter_create. Typically, each plug-in defines an nsapi_module_init function that is used to call filter_create and perform any other initialization tasks. For more information, see nsapi_module_init() Function and filter_create() Function.
Filter methods are invoked whenever the server or an SAF calls certain NSAPI functions such as net_write or filter_insert. As a result, filter methods can be invoked from any thread and should only block using NSAPI functions. For example, crit_enter and net_read. If a filter method blocks using other functions, for example, the Windows WaitForMultipleObjects and ReadFile functions, the server could hang. Also, shared objects that define filters should be loaded with the NativeThread="no" flag, as described in Loading and Initializing the Filter.
If a filter method must block using a non-NSAPI function, KernelThreads 1 should be set in magnus.conf. For more information about KernelThreads, see the description in the chapter Syntax and Use of magnus.conf in the Sun Java System Web Server 7.0 Update 4 Administrator's Configuration File Reference.
Keep the following in mind when writing your filter:
Write thread-safe code.
IO should only be performed using the NSAPI functions documented in File I/O.
Thread synchronization should only be performed using NSAPI functions documented in Threads.
Blocking might affect performance.
Carefully check and handle all errors.
For examples of custom filters, see Chapter 4, Examples of Custom SAFs and Filters.
Filters are compiled and linked in the same way as SAFs. For more information, see Compiling and Linking.
For each shared library (plug-in) containing custom filters to be loaded into the server, add an Init directive that invokes the load-modules SAF to magnus.conf. The syntax for a directive that loads a filter plug-in is:
Init fn=load-modules shlib=path NativeThread="no"
shlib is the local file system path to the shared library (plug-in).
NativeThread indicates whether the plug-in requires native threads. Filters should be written to run on any type of thread, as described in Writing the Source Code.
When the server encounters such a directive, it calls the plug-in's nsapi_module_init function to initialize the filter.
Add an Input or Output directive to obj.conf to instruct the server to insert your filter into the filter stack. The format of the directive is as follows:
Directive fn=insert-filter filter="filter-name" [name1="value1"]...[nameN="valueN"]
Directive is Input or Output.
filter-name is the name of the filter, as passed to filter_create, to insert.
nameN="valueN" are the names and values of parameters that are passed to the filter's insert filter method.
Filters that process incoming data should be inserted using an Input directive. Filters that process outgoing data should be inserted using an Output directive.
To ensure that your filter is inserted whenever a client sends a request, add the Input or Output directive to the default object. For example, the following portion of obj.conf instructs the server to insert a filter named example-replace and pass it two parameters, from and to:
<Object name="default"> Output fn=insert-filter filter="example-replace" from="Old String" to="New String" ... </Object>
For the server to load your plug-in, you must restart the server. A restart is required for all plug-ins that implement SAFs and/or filters.
Test your filter by accessing your server from a web browser. You should disable caching in your web browser so that the server is sure to be accessed. In Mozilla Firefox, you may hold the shift key while clicking the Reload button to ensure that the cache is not used. Examine the access and error logs to help with debugging.
NSAPI provides a set of C functions that are used to implement SAFs and filters. All of the public routines are described in detail in Chapter 6, NSAPI Function and Macro Reference.
The NSAPI functions specific to the development of filters are:
filter_create() creates a new filter
filter_insert() inserts the specified filter into a filter stack
filter_remove() removes the specified filter from a filter stack
filter_name() returns the name of the specified filter
filter_find() finds an existing filter given a filter name
filter_layer() returns the layer in a filter stack that corresponds to the specified filter


text:
'Three Cups of Tea' Challenges Pakistanis' State of Mind (PERSPECTIVE)
The revelation by some quarters that Greg Mortenson's Three Cups of Tea was based on semi-fiction, rather than fact, has sent shock waves among Pakistanis, particularly its elite. The elite, because the book hasn't exactly been the most accessible to the actual subjects that it portrays, i.e. the impoverished families and girls of northern Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Despite accusations that 41% of donations collected by Mortensen and his Central Asian Institute (CAI), have not gone to aid the education of young girls, many in Pakistan still support the author. Their argument is simple. So what if he lied about some things? At least he has helped those in need, which most Pakistanis can hardly admit to themselves. Or, as Mortenson's avid supporter journalist Nicholas Kristof of the New York Times said in an opinion piece on April 20, "Greg has still built more schools and transformed more children's lives than you or I ever will".
It is true that one cannot out rightly deny Mortenson's contribution to girls' education in the remote northern areas of Pakistan and regions of war-torn Afghanistan. Many of the stones he has converted into schools, do exist and educate young girls where Pakistan's own government has not been able to do so. In a country where officially at least, only 45% of females are literate and girls' schools are regularly targeted by militants, Pakistan's record in education, especially girls education, has been miserable for decades. So much so, that in a desperate attempt to prop up its weak image, a state of "education emergency" was recently declared, thanks to yet another glossy report commissioned by a non-governmental Education Task Force.
This sudden interest in education and the controversy surrounding Mortenson raises several issues, ironically none of which are actually related to girls' education. Instead, they are indicative of an insecure state of mind that Pakistanis are perpetually in about who they are.
Pakistan has regularly been caught out for misrepresenting facts and embezzling resources meant for others. But we have always been quick to our own defense, citing "weak leadership" or "a lack of accountability". An easy way of saying, we are at the mercy of others.
There have been several education programmes such as the Education Sector Reforms and debt swaps that have spent millions, perhaps billions of dollars, on building schools, increasing enrollment, developing curriculum and training teachers - the end result of which have been an even weaker education system. Rarely, have these failures been brought to task by those who have been quick to jump to Mortenson's defense.
At the same time, there are several local philanthropic initiatives in Pakistan that have been perhaps even more successful than Mortenson's personal attempts.
Herein lies the problem. Does "doing good work" mean that doing a bit of bad shouldn't really be an issue? Does more of one override the other? Granted that Mortenson is still innocent until proven otherwise, but the issue here is not just whether he misused funds or made up stories to sell his book.
So when the revelations were made public, this controversy was yet another nail in the coffin for a country that has and continues to be burned for its malpractices and used by others for a "greater good", i.e. ridding the world of terrorists.
Reactions to the controversy have also shown how we, as a nation, love to be validated by foreigners rather than by ourselves. Pakistan and Afghanistan needed a Greg Mortenson to tell us through Three Cups of Tea, that we were essentially good people who somehow didn't have the resources to bring about good. And so for us, he is still a hero, because he did what we couldn't.
But we still don't ask why we couldn't, which is perhaps the biggest disappointment of this saga.
Mortenson's supporters, including Kristof, are also ignoring the fact that philanthropy is not just about being selfless, it's about sticking to being selfless all the way. It's about what money can do to a person or what a person can do with it. Putting Mortenson or anyone (rival accuser Jon Krackauer perhaps?) on a pedestal, does not exonerate them from being accountable either. Otherwise, what's the point of constantly crying for accountability and transparency?
But we still refuse to openly question, authenticate, instead challenging only selected discrepancies in our society, letting ourselves be exploited by others.
It is true that the matter has yet to be investigated and can turn out to be completely false itself. But Mortensen's supporters in Pakistan have already declared him innocent without even waiting for a verdict.
HUMNEWS contributor Themrise Khan is a freelance social development consultant based in Karachi who occasionally dares to venture into the Pakistani media.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tuesday September 17, 2019; 05:56 pm EDT
A delightfully demented tale of murder, theft and the service industry
As the concierge of The Grand Budapest Hotel, M. Gustave (Ralph Fiennes: The Invisible Woman) believes in offering his guests the best service. In the case of wealthy older women, Gustave's services include wine, candlelight dinners and himself. The women get a boost in confidence; Gustave gets cash and returning customers.
Among the hotel staff, Gustave is a legend. Suave, mysterious and unflappable, he runs the hotel with an uncompromising commitment to its patrons. He recites romantic poetry at staff dinners, insists on high standards of conduct for his subordinates, bathes in his favorite cologne and is involved in even the minute details of daily life at the Grand Budapest. This dashing figure enchants Zero (Tony Revolori: Shameless), the hotel's newest lobby boy. Never one to turn down a fawning admirer, Gustave takes Zero under his wing.
When one of Gustave's regular paramours, octogenarian Duchess, drops dead, Gustave and Zero travel to the funeral to pay respects. Hoping for a few thousand dollars from the will, Gustave instead is awarded a priceless painting. Her family is not pleased.
Police are called, accusations are thrown and the Duchess is eventually discovered to have been poisoned. Son Dmitri (Adrien Brody: Third Person) frames Gustave and sends his henchman (Willem Dafoe: Out of the Furnace) for the painting.
The Grand Budapest Hotel is a madcap comedy fusing dark violent themes with light quirky sensibilities. In director Wes Anderson's (Moonrise Kingdom) quirky aesthetic, characters are notoriously nonplussed by the whirlwind of crazy events around them. A severed head is usually a gruesome sight. Put that head in a wicker picnic basket with a ribbon and some festive tissue paper, as Anderson does, and it becomes a macabre joke. Anderson's sensibility isn't for everyone, but his world of stylish lunacy is a refreshing change from typical fare.
As the center of the film's twisting narrative, Fiennes is a wonder to behold. Dapper even in prison rags and suave to a fault, he's the Cary Grant of concierges. His manic energy is fascinating as he wrings every bit of charm out of a role that makes him a lecherous jerk.
Supporting Fiennes is Anderson's typical cast of character actors, including Bill Murray, Edward Norton, Jason Schwartzman and Adrian Brody. In small parts, each contributes to the controlled chaos. The standout is Dafoe, who manages to be utterly terrifying and hilarious as he murders his way through the movie.
Funny, slightly gruesome but always entertaining, The Grand Budapest Hotel is a decadent treat.


text: Panos Vassiliou is a graduate of the University of Toronto with a major in Applied Science and Engineering. In his transition years from engineering to typography, he left his high-profile job, got involved with a theatre company, founded a design studio and pursued an academic career. A few years later he started a publishing company.


text:
I can't believe the last time I posted was March! Let's see, April, May, June and now it's July. That's embarrasing.
So here's a update on what we've been doing~
In April, Asher turned 3!
Emma and Dougie ran track.
We went to St. George Island for spring break.
And Dougie started baseball.
In May, we finished Awana. Caleb completed both Cubbie books in one year!
Emma had her Spring social dance!
So that's just a little bit of what we've been up to the last few months. Hopefully, I'll do a whole post on our trip to NOLA because it was amazing!
For now, gotta run. Summer's going so fast......and before long, we'll be at the beach! Yay!
Love y'all dearly!


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The Stark Munro Letters
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Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish physician and writer who is most noted for his fictional stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered milestones in the field of crime fiction. He is also known for writing the fictional adventures of a second character he invented, Professor Challenger, and for popularising the mystery of the Mary Celeste. He was a prolific writer whose other works include fantasy and science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction, and historical novels. -Wikipedia
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text: Bolongo Bay Beach Resort Review RenesPoints Travel Blog (11) October 16, 2018 at 4656 × 2620 in Bolongo Bay Beach Resort Review St. Thomas United States Virgin Islands (USVI) ← Previous / Next → René's Points for Better Travel has partnered with CardRatings for our coverage of credit card products. René's Points for Better Travel and CardRatings may receive a commission from card issuers. Opinions, reviews, analyses & recommendations are the author's alone, and have not been reviewed, endorsed or approved by any of these entities. This post contains references to products from one or more of our advertisers. We may receive compensation when you click on links to those products. For an explanation of our advertising policy, visit visit this page.


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Welcome to this site for parents of twins, triplets and other multiple-birth children! My goal is to provide reassurance and affirmation for the increased effort it takes to lovingly nurture twins, triplets or more while actively promoting breastfeeding and attachment-style parenting concepts. I want each parent to develop a strong physical and emotional bond with each unique child within the set of multiples. Each of your twins, triplets, quads, quints or more deserves it – and so do you.
As a mother of five now adult children, three "singletons" and a set of monozygotic (MZ or identical) twin boys, I've experienced the different dynamic of parenting multiples and singletons. But personal experience only goes so far. In addition, I've been part of a group providing ongoing breastfeeding and parenting support for mothers of multiples for more than 30 years! That group and several online groups prevent me from forgetting the intense early weeks, months and years of parenting multiple-birth children! Mothering Multiples: Breastfeeding and Caring for Twins or More is the result of these mothers' collective "in person" and online group experiences.
Relax and make yourself at home with this site. Let me know if there is other information you'd like to see here!


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Nightly News | October 08, 2013
>>> we are back as promised with our exclusive reporting about who is responsible for the monumental health crisis going on, not far from our shores, an epidemic of cholera that went on almost four years ago. nbc learned that lawyers will file a class action lawsuit tomorrow accusing the u.n. of spreading this disease. our chief medical editor dr. nancy snyderman recently traveled to haiti to report on the epidemic.
>> reporter: this is 5-year-old christina. a cholera victim who remembers her manners, christina is one of the lucky ones , she is going to make it. but others have not been so fortunate. she lost her family members to cholera.
>> i am sad, i'm really sad.
>> reporter: the fever is gone, the cholera epidemic has compounded the suffering i witnessed after the devastating earthquake in 2010 , since then, it has become one of the world's worst health crisis, sickening many, killing others, a batallion of troops went to haiti . one of the peacekeeper was most likely carrying cholera, this is the site where the cholera-laden water was introduced to the country that has not seen it for years. but the u.n. has refused to respond to allegations that it is responsible for the epidemic, citing diplomatic immunity. there has been no compensation, no apology. the american and haitian lawyers will file the class action lawsuit in court tomorrow.
>> the u.n. is there to fight disease and poverty, but it is a major contributor to disease and poverty in haiti , and refusing to take responsibility for it.
>> reporter: what is the stance of the u.n. refusing to take responsibility for that.
>> i can't answer that.
>> reporter: she is one of the top officials in haiti , when there is blame to go around, isn't it important for them to say yes, it is us?
>> well, unfortunately, i can't answer that question, i think here in haiti , what is more important is to deal with health system we're in, we're improving other areas.
>> reporter: little reassurance for her, whose family has received no assistance.
>> it means the victims are entitled to their day in national court, if the u.n. won't give them justice within their country.
>> reporter: they and others are counting on the lawsuit, hoping that the courts will finally bring justice for their families and force the u.n. to be accountable. the lawsuit also accuses the u.n. of a cover-up, saying that it willfully delayed investigation into the outbreak, and obscured the source of the outbreak. the u.n. says it does not give information on claims.


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Vero Beach Bookcase
With a collection inspired by some of the most impressive coastal locales - Nantucket, Newport, Carmel, Bar Harbor, to name a few - you can expect an equally impressive product. This exquisite collection raises the standard in design and construction. Each piece is handcrafted from the finest plantation grown mahogany and premium veneers and trim. Craftsmen use state-of-the-art techniques to produce timeless soft patinas. Their skills can further be seen in the distressing, dry-brushing, and antiquing that shapes the character of each piece of handcrafted furniture. And a closer inspection will reveal drawers constructed of renewable, plantation grown mahogany and made with traditional dovetail joints.
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Appalachian Power Co. is seeking what would amount to a 1.5 percent increase in its electricity rates to cover higher generation and environmental costs.
In two filings Friday with the State Corporation Commission, the utility proposed updating rate adjustment clauses that cover certain costs, such as generation and environmental expenses, for a specific time period.
If approved, the rate increase would take effect early next year.
Although Appalachian is actually seeking an increase of about 4 percent, that would be largely offset as existing surcharges expire.
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You can use the Messages app on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch to send messages. Those messages are sent as iMessage or SMS/MMS. Learn more about the difference between the message types.
iMessages are texts, photos, or videos that you send to iOS devices and Macs over Wi-Fi or cellular-data networks. These messages are always encrypted and appear in blue text bubbles. To turn iMessage on or off, go to Settings > Messages.
If you aren't using iMessage, you can use SMS/MMS. These messages are texts and photos that you send to other cell phones or iOS devices. SMS/MMS messages aren't encrypted and appear in green text bubbles on your device.
To use SMS/MMS on an iPhone, you need a text-messaging plan. Contact your wireless carrier for more information. You can also set up your other Apple devices to send and receive messages from any Apple device.
If Wi-Fi is unavailable, iMessages will be sent over cellular data. Cellular data rates might apply.


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Stronger Together: How anti-racist networks are uniting against hate in UK
By Manisha Ganguly
The Bakerloo line on a Sunday: a woman in a hijab sits down; across from her, a white man yells, "Paki! Go back!". Two white co-passengers get up, cross over, and begin talking to her, cutting off the first man and diffusing the situation. This is England: where racism is countered with solidarity.
This year's International Day of Tolerance on 16th November, celebrated by the UN to commemorate the spirit of co-existence advocated by Mahatma Gandhi, is of special relevance. In the global political earthquakes of Trump's election and Brexit referendum result, racism has been embraced by the state institutions meant to shun it. The hate rhetoric employed in both political campaigns focussed on "other"-ing minorities or any person of colour, fuelled by a false sense of "patriotism" and white national identity. The unprecedented spike in racist and xenophobic attacks in Britain in the wake of Brexit are therefore not surprising, but there is a silver lining to this cloud: anti-racist networks are joining hands to present a united front.
The rise in racism has led to a rise in anti-racism at a scale not seen in recent years: the internet has made trans-national solidarity and organising easier. With the new spate of racist attacks, organisations like Worrying Signs, HOPE not Hate, Movement for Justice, ReSisters and Autonomous Womyn's Front are changing tactics post-referendum, standing up to the challenge posed to them by the far-right groups. Their strategies are the age-old ones used by the Left: Educate, Agitate, Organise.
Worrying Signs was one of the first online projects that documented the rise in racism in UK post-referendum through reports of attacks via social media. With the spike in group membership requests post-Trump's election, they recently opened it up to US members. Says Natasha, one of the founders of the project, "Since the US presidential election, we are acknowledging that what has been happening in the UK is part of a wider global picture and that we can't look at this in an isolated fashion. Hate spreads across borders, what we are seeing in the US is so synonymous with our experiences in the UK and is symptomatic of a wider, global issue."
Their recent efforts have included morale-building projects like the #MoreTeaLessHate campaign, which saw participants from London, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Bognor Regis, Kent, Newcastle, Durham, Liverpool, Worcester, Berlin, Athens and Valencia hosting tea parties to celebrate Britain's diversity. "We firmly believe that we are stronger when we stand together."
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), which monitors human rights in Europe, released the hate crime data for 2015 yesterday. "One trend that emerges from the 2015 hate crime data is the continuous under-reporting of hate crimes", said Cristina Finch, Head of their Tolerance and Non-Discrimination department.
HOPE not hate (HNH), a citizens' anti-racist group based in UK has already begun counter-active measures to this problem of under-reporting."Our new training module deals with racism in public spaces: how you can defuse a situation, support the person targeted and report the incident", says John Page, Head of Organising at Hope not Hate. "Most people who are the target of such an incident will tell you that what troubles them most is not the incident itself, but the lack of action by anyone else. Our training teaches you how to support the person targeted and report it afterwards." HNH has so far seen participation from 216,000 citizens in their anti-racist campaigns.
It has proved to be an effective method. A few months ago, when a Jewish community was being targeted in north London, HNH got Christian, Muslim, and local community leaders to speak out and join a symbolic action (decoratingGolderns Green with Gold and green ribbons) while successfully ensuring the police move a racist demonstration and investigate those organising it.
The fundamental problem of racism surrounding Brexit and Trump's election is not the political process but the symbolic manifestation of it: it reinforces the insidious racism in people, which stems from fear of minorities they are alienated from. Movement for Justice By Any Means Necessary (MJAMN), another activist group, has sought to counter this hate-filled rhetoric. "The danger of Trump's elections and Brexit is that it gave a huge boost to every far-right fascist, white supremacist, and racist misogynist. Now Farage is seeking to call out the spectrum of Britain's racist and far-right fascist groupings to try to impose a secret Brexit deal as a fait accompli. His inspiration is Trumps success at utilising anti-immigrant bigotry to win the US election, as Brexit was an inspiration for Trump before to focus his campaign on just repeating anti-immigrant rhetoric over-and-over. It is up to everyone now to rise up and reverse the effects," says Antonia Bright of MJAMN.
The resultant manifestations of this hate speech are horrific. Natasha recounts the worst report they'd received on the Worrying Signs group, where a Muslim pregnant woman in Milton Keynes was followed to the car park and kicked in the stomach, causing a miscarriage. "I couldn't rationalise the level of hate you must feel to justify doing that to another human being."
MJAMN has been doing a speaking tour across Britain on how the attacks on non-whites are enabled by the anti-immigration policy put forth by the Tory government. "We are calling for a mass protest, to stop the racist mobilisation which Farage has called at the Supreme Court on December 5th. It is important that any racist mobilisations called on to the streets now be stopped, not just complained about, before Britain, Europe and the USA sink even further into a hostile and violent environment."
Re-education is another strategy central to the process of fighting racism: subverting the narrative of persecution of white people which legitimises racism. ReSisters reading group, a decolonial education initiative, meets every Friday to study and apply history to current political climates. Its focus is the shared struggle against white supremacy, uniting black/brown and Muslim communities. "We have completed the Fanon and Malcolm X series, to understand the consequences of colonialism on the coloniser and colonised", says Nadia Chan, the founder of the group.
Interestingly, she does not see Brexit as a factor in the rising hate crimes. "Racistattacks are not new, they have been ongoing for decades. I faced racism and anti-Muslim bigotry before Brexit and I will face it after Brexit." She undertakes Muay Thai classes and advocates women's self-defence as the first step to fighting hate crimes.
A similar approach has been adopted by Autonomous Womyn's Front (AWF), a group led by women of colour in the US. Nocturnus Libertus, founder of AWF says, "We are working on a new initiative called RESPOND! standing for Rescue, Exhilaration, Shielding, Preservation, Organization, Navigation and Defense. It has an app currently in development which we'll use R.E.S.P.O.N.D. to provide transportation, walking buddies, and general defence against attacks on queer persons and persons of colour in the streets."
Solidarity is the strongest bond tying all these movements together. ReSisters collaborates frequently with Pan African brothers and sisters, communist anti racism organisations, while Worrying Signs participates in information sharing with anti-racist networks and Inter-Faith week. Almost all the groups here use Facebook events to mobilise support and organise.
However, the emerging picture of hate in public spaces like the Bakerloo line will likely continue. The National Police Chiefs' Council report on hate crimes released in September show a 58% increase in incidents. But this has brought about a new sense of urgency, and changed how anti-racist activists are challenging and resisting it. With Facebook events, study groups, sensitisation programs, they are channelling into new paths of solidarity and redefining post-referendum England.
Featured Image: Wikimedia Commons


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I bought a couple of Pokemon games from a boot sale that had the old red strip seal on, but also a nortec seal. As a collector, I don't really want to open them up, but am curious as to what Nortec does to these games.
As I can gather online, they are a Greek distributor who take English games, open them and insert Greek manuals, then seal them again with their own seal. Is this true? If so, can I count on there also being an English manual in a Nortec game if I plan to buy one to open in the future?
I'd like to know if anyone else has had one of these games, and what they found when they opened it.
Who are Nortec? And what do they do to Pokemon games?
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NEW YORK, NY – One pop star has reassured the public that she's not trying to be slutty!
Miley Cyrus' much anticipated album, "Can't Be Tamed." is due out June 18. Cyrus' new image has some critics talking. Some say that she's overstepping her boundaries as a 17-year-old and might not be setting the best example.
Cyrus has made a complete transformation from her days as lovable and innocent Hannah Montana to her current overly-sexy, raunchy look.
"I'm not trying to be slutty. I'm not trying to be, like, go to the club and get a bunch of guys," Cyrus said in a recent interview. "What I'm trying to do is to make a point with my record and look consistent, in the way my record sounds and the way I dress."
In her new video for the single "Can't Be Tamed," Miley is seen prancing around in a $25,000 corset while showing off her legs in hot pants as she writhes around in a cage. She posed nearly topless on the December 2008 cover of Vanity Fair, and turned heads in August 2009 with a pole-dancing routine at the Teen Choice Awards.
Cyrus has admitted to being partial to shorts and hot pants. But she sees nothing wrong with flashing her legs.
"I'm really comfortable with my body, I work really hard to be fit and to know that I can wear whatever makes me most comfortable. I feel more comfortable dressing with a little less, which is just how I've always been," she said.
"It's me now, presently. When you're 11, the word you would use to describe someone is definitely not sexy, and as you get older I think you grow into that," the 17-year-old said. "And I think I've done that but that's not my schtick. That's not what I'm trying to do to sell records. I want people to buy my record because of my music."


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Hot Azz Mess Of The Week: Females From Miami Wearing Garbage Bag Outfits In The Heat Drop A Music Video Rapping About Being Hookers! (Gold Foiled Condoms In Her Hair)
Her rap name is Smokahontas
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Many of you got to see firsthand the magic of Seattle's own Trophy Cupcakes today on the Martha Stewart Show, wherein owner Jennifer Shea demonstrated how to make the newest exciting addition to their beautiful line of cupcakes: the Chocolate-Graham-Cracker Cupcake, topped with Toasted Marshmallow Meringue Frosting (a much prettier way of saying "S'more Cupcake", we think).
Yup--Trophy Cupcakes hosted a little to-do in celebration of their fifteen minutes, featuring mini samples of the cupcake in question, punch (alas, not spiked) and a TV set up to air the segment. And what a to-do it was: the locals came out en masse, and those cupcakes disappeared so quickly that the staff hastily (and kindly) brought out several additional trays of vanilla-chocolate cakes to quiet the masses (it worked). Of course (as if you ever had a doubt), the Cakespy crew managed to elbow past the children in the room to secure our own samples of the coveted brand-new cake before it disappeared.
But OK, the new flavor was on TV. Was it really gonna be good? Or was it all pomp and circumstance, little more than marshmallow fluff?
Well, friends and bakers, in the opinion of these humble Cake Gumshoes, this one is worth seeking out. If you're in Seattle, it's worth trekking over to the Wallingford Center; if not in Seattle, it's worth breaking out the blowtorch: you can find the recipe here. The dense yet soft chocolate cake was beautifully offset by the crunchiness and slightly salted graham bottom layer, which had a flavor deepened yet more by an almost-secret sprinkling of bittersweet chocolate in the center. The marshmallow meringue frosting was the perfect contrast to the dense cake, offering a sweet flavor and light-as-air texture. Indeed, upon eating this cake, it became exceedingly evident why they didn't simply call it a S'more Cupcake--it was so, so much more. (Pause as the Cakespy crew collectively gets a bit misty recalling the experience).


text: Accreditation and Associations In order to insure the quality of its programs – both online and on campus – Johnson University is a leader in accreditation among Christian institutions of higher education. Johnson University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC, www.sacscoc.org) to award associate's, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Contact the Commission on Colleges at 1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, GA 30033-4097 or call 404-679-4500 for questions about the accreditation of Johnson University. Programs in the School of Bible & Theology and the School of Congregational Ministry are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of the Association for Biblical Higher Education, an accrediting body recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (ABHE, 5850 T.G. Lee Blvd., Suite 130, Orlando, FL 32822; Telephone: 407-207-0808; www.abhe.org). The Teacher Education Program is approved by the Tennessee State Board of Education (Andrew Johnson Tower, 710 James Robertson Parkway, Nashville, TN 37243, Telephone: 615-741-2966), and by the Association of Christian Schools International (P.O. Box 65130, Colorado Springs, CO 80962-5130, Telephone: 719-528-6906). Johnson University is also a member of the Appalachian College Association, the North American Coalition for Christian Admissions Professionals, the Tennessee Independent Colleges and Universities Association, the Tennessee Conference of Graduate Schools, and an affiliate member of Council for Christian Colleges and Universities. Johnson University Florida operates and grants degrees under the jurisdiction of the Florida Department of Education (325 W. Gaines St., Suite 1414, Tallahassee, FL 32399-0400; Telephone: 850-245-0505). Johnson University Florida is approved as an eligible private institution for receipt of federal and state financial aid by the U.S. Department of Education and the Florida Department of Education. The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), a specialized accrediting body recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), has granted accreditation to the following concentrations in the School of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Johnson University: Clinical Mental Health Counseling (M.A.) and School Counseling (M.A.).


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Nam Theun 2
Nam Theun Dam
The World Bank's Watershed Decision
For the last thousand years, as kingdoms and countries have fought for sovereignty over Laos' Nakai Plateau, the people there have learned the lessons of the grasses-to bend before the wind. Life has been relatively predictable, marked by continuity from one generation to the next. But the winds of change are blowing again, and this time the strategy of the grasses may not work. By April, the countries on the governing board of the World Bank will consider a proposed high dam on the Nam Theun River. Their decision will not only affect those who live here, but will also set a pattern for decisions regarding hydroelectric dams around the world for years to come.
The Nam Theun 2 dam (NT2) is a project of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), in partnership with Électricité de France, the Electricity Generating Company of Thailand, and Ital-Thai Development Public Company (jointly, the Nam Theun 2 Power Company Limited, or NTPC). The US$1.3 billion, 1,070-megawatt project would divert 93 percent of the Nam Theun's flow into the adjacent Xe Bang Fai River basin, generating power for Thailand's electrical grid. It would also submerge nearly 40 percent of the Nakai Plateau beneath a 450-square-kilometer reservoir, drastically alter the character of two rivers, displace thousands of desperately poor residents, and disrupt the livelihoods of tens of thousands more, among the other transformations typical of such hydropower projects.
The initial concept was promising. Laos is painfully poor, with few development options. Early estimates understated the number of displaced people and ignored the impacts on those who live downstream, especially on the Xe Bang Fai, so compensation and resettlement seemed manageable. Thailand seemed to need the power, the engineering is not difficult, and the plan included an attractive conservation component.
What has emerged, however, is much less promising. As documents have been made available and proponents have made their case in public, the inadequacy of the preparation and the lack of response to fundamental questions is surprising, especially after the heavy investments of staff at the World Bank to assist the Lao PDR and its partners to develop a coherent proposal. Proponents admit that no comprehensive analysis of alternatives to the project has been done. They have refused to disclose NT2's financial framework (the Concession and Power Purchase Agreements), despite the urging of Bank officials. They are unprepared to document the overall cost of the project, or even the cost of construction. After 15 years of preparation, NTPC calls the proposal "not a fixed package" and insists that it will be responsible "no matter what the cost is."
All parties agree on the need for development in Laos. Yet Laos and NTPC provide few specifics on how NT2 will contribute to this goal. The "strategy" for managing project revenues to alleviate poverty and protect the environment is said to be still "emerging." No revenue management plan has been finalized, nor are there specific measures to ensure good project management and oversight, transparency of finances, or accountability.
At best, the World Bank estimates, the revenue to Laos from this project will not exceed $250 million (net present value) over the 25-year life of the Concession. These revenues are largely deferred and will not exceed 5 percent of Lao governmental revenue until at least 2020. If revenue sags, if expenses increase, if implementation is as poorly managed as development, if funds are diverted-then benefits to the poor become diminishingly small and risks intolerably large.
The future with the dam has been described to those who have been contacted as one of new homes with electricity, new opportunities for irrigated and mechanized agriculture, a diverse economy with reservoir fishing replacing reliance on river fishing, aquaculture replacing capture fishing along the Xe Bang Fai, and intensive livestock raising replacing the traditional extensive grazing pattern. This vision may have been plausible-if the developers had conducted good scientific studies, developed accurate information about resource baselines, and objectively assessed investments necessary to compensate the villagers. But the hard work and serious investment necessary to make the project a success has mostly not been done.
Government professionals from more than a few countries who are trying to assess the project are nonplussed by the lack of project documentation in critical areas and the poor quality of what is available. There are literally no hydrological data available from NTPC, for example. Claims that there are adequate flows to generate enough power for the project to make money are only slightly more believable than the assurances regarding the risks of downstream flooding. The promises about aquaculture ignore inconvenient facts: only one species of fish to be found naturally in either river basin has been cultivated successfully, and there is a serious risk that introduction of non-native species could have devastating impacts on native ecosystems. Even if the invasive-species problems can be solved, there is no local source of nutrition for farmed fish.
The NTPC posters show tractors and irrigated land-but the company's own Social Development Plan states that the use of tractors generally should be avoided throughout the resettlement area due to "heavily leached and infertile"soils, which are explicitly described as "poorly suited to crop production." Without significant inputs of organic and inorganic fertilizer, financially viable agriculture will be impossible. NTPC plans to help pay for fertilizer for only three years.
New fishing opportunities are promised to replace lost ones, even though the Nam Theun basin is so shallow that dam operations will shrink the reservoir by as much as 80 percent during the dry seasons and many experts predict that there will be no substantial reservoir fishery. The claim that the loss of fisheries due to increased water flows in the Xe Bang Fai will be replaced by increased fisheries in the river's tributaries is contradicted by project documents that foresee a collapse in the aquatic food chain.
Although detail can be piled upon detail, one conclusion is inescapable. This is exactly the kind of project proposal that the safeguard procedures of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are designed to prevent. The risk of further impoverishment of the people, of corruption and mismanagement, and of financial failure of the project is just too high. If Nam Theun is approved, with its inadequate and incomplete documentation, it is hard to imagine a project that would not be. The World Bank will have written a brand new definition of "blank check."
The Bank seems to grasp what is at stake. It has announced a decision framework for Nam Theun stating that the project must be embedded in a development framework aimed at poverty reduction and environmental conservation; must be technically, financially, managerially, and economically sound and adhere to the Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies; and must have understanding and support within the international donor community and civil society. In a background paper for an informal Bank governing board meeting in November 2004, senior Bank staff identified in detail the serious flaws in the proposal and concluded, "The project's ability to have a positive effect...cannot be ensured without major reforms in governance, sufficient progress on human development and natural resources management, and compliance with the Bank's safeguards policies." The necessary changes should, of course, be agreed upon before any decision is made. But even if they are, the Bank understands that the risks are so significant that it is pursuing an unprecedented agreement with Laos and key donor governments stipulating that any failure by Laos to abide by its obligations would jeopardize all external support.
NTPC needs the financial backing of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. But the dam is a critical test of the World Bank's own policies (as well as a direct challenge to the recommendations of the World Commission on Dams). Bank officials should release a detailed analysis of how the proposal meets its fundamental standards, and the governments represented on the board, which will make the final decision, should also be fully transparent with their own assessments of compliance. Finally, legislatures should insist on hearing the positions of their governments in public session, in advance of consideration at the Bank.
It is time that the Bank board makes clear its position on massive hydroelectric projects. NT2 will be the example others follow.
David F. Hales is Worldwatch's Counsel for Sustainability Policy. He chaired the World Bank's U.S. public workshop on Nam Theun 2 in September 2004.


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At Jamestown Settlement & American Revolution Museum at Yorktown, History is Fun!
Take a journey of historic proportions at Jamestown Settlement and the new American Revolution Museum at Yorktown – two living-history museums that explore the story of America's beginnings, from the founding of America's first permanent English colony in 1607 to the Revolution and the establishment of a new nation almost two centuries later. Discover artifact-filled exhibition galleries and take part in activities in outdoor living-history areas to learn about life in the 17th and 18th centuries. Explore a variety of ticket options to visit Jamestown Settlement and the American Revolution Museum at Yorktown.
Open year-round 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily (9 a.m. to 6 p.m. June 15-August 15), except Christmas and New Year's days.
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Sky Bet Championship: Bournemouth march on with 3-1 win over Reading
Bournemouth proved their Championship play-off credentials with a devastating 3-1 victory over sixth-placed Reading.
Last Updated: 08/04/14 10:12pm
Man of the match Matt Ritchie set Eddie Howe's free-flowing side on the way to their fifth straight victory with two left-footed strikes within the first 19 minutes to stun a Royals side who can now feel the in-form Cherries breathing down their necks after this 3-1 loss.
Reading had no answer to the home side's fantastic football and it was no surprise when Yann Kermorgant's diving header made it three in first-half added time before Hal Robson-Kanu's impressive consolation from distance with 15 minutes remaining.
The visitors had not even kicked a ball in anger before suffering their first blow on an evening to forget when influential midfielder Danny Guthrie suffered an injury in the warm up and Robson-Kanu was thrown into the starting line-up.
Despite that setback they carved out their best chance of the first half in the third minute when Pavel Pogrebnyak's knock-down found Jordan Obita and his first-time effort was well saved by Lee Camp.
Lewis Grabban, fresh from netting his 20th of the campaign to beat QPR on Saturday, then showed another side to his game as he turned provider for the game's opening goal. Collecting Andrew Surman's clever pass Grabban twisted and turned down the left channel before coolly rolling a pass across the box for Ritchie to rifle home.
Royston Drenthe's low drive, which was comfortable for Camp, raised hopes of a immediate response among the 1,390 travelling supporters. Instead they watched on in horror as Bournemouth took a huge step towards all three points with just 19 minutes on the clock when the same trio who broke the deadlock combined again.
Grabban weaved his way through a sea of blue and white shirts before his shot deflected into the path of Surman. The Norwich loanee teed up Ritchie and the former Swindon winger perfectly placed a low finish into the bottom corner.
Ritchie was searching for a hat-trick and his 30-yard free-kick flew only narrowly wide before Kermorgant's header forced a fine parry from Alex McCarthy. Tommy Elphick was next to try his luck with an overhead kick as Bournemouth continued to camp in the Reading half.
In the 39th minute Bournemouth, once again, carved open their visitors their one-touch football. Kermorgant played a one-two with Grabban on the half-way line and the Cherries' number nine raced clear of the Royals defence, opened up his body and bent his effort across goal and inches wide.
They only had to wait six minutes for the third and it was yet another silky move that created it. Ritchie's searching ball found the overlapping Simon Francis and the right-back stood up a perfect cross from the touchline which Kermorgant stooped to butt home.
Despite being on course for their eighth victory in their last 10 games Bournemouth continued to cut open Reading almost at will.
Marc Pugh's long-range effort flew just wide, Francis' low drive was kept out at his near post by the over-worked McCarthy and Grabban was inches away from the goal his all-action display deserved with a fizzing low shot.
In a game full of eye-catching football even Reading's 75th-minute consolation was spectacular, Wales international Robson-Kanu thumping a left-footed shot across goal and into the bottom corner.


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Patti Mittleman, Long-Time Muhlenberg Hillel Director RetiresPatti Mittleman, Jewish Chaplain and director of the Hillel program at Muhlenberg College will retire this summer.
Monday, May 6, 2013 10:24 AM
Mittleman has served the College for 25 years. Under her leadership and guidance, the College's Hillel program has garnered local, regional and national honors.
Muhlenberg's Hillel program was the first small liberal arts college in the country to achieve Hillel Foundation status. Currently, Muhlenberg has more than 700 Jewish students and is one of the most active Hillel affiliates in the country. The College has also been nationally recognized for its kosher dining program, which is fully integrated with the College's dining plan.
Mittleman won the 2006 Muhlenberg College Chairman's Award, the College's highest honor for a staff member. In 2008, she was awarded the AIPAC Ally of the Year Award from the American Israel Public Affairs Committee. In 1999, she was awarded the "Exemplar of Excellence Award" from Hillel International.
"Jewish life on campus continues to thrive," said Muhlenberg College President Randy Helm. "Muhlenberg will be forever grateful to Patti for her leadership and support of our Jewish community and for successfully engaging the students, parents, faculty, staff and alumni who have played an active role in our Hillel activities and programs over the years."
The College Hillel House was on Liberty Street until 2000, when it moved to its current location at 2238 Chew Street. In 2011, the house underwent major renovations, including a major addition that tripled the size of the house. The new space includes a 300-seat space for Shabbat Dinners, classroom space, offices and student lounge areas.
"Patti has been part of an exceptional campus ministry team that provides our students with extraordinary guidance and pastoral care," added Helm. "We will begin a search to fill this critical position as soon as possible.
In addition to her Hillel work, she was the founding advisor to the Gay Straight Alliance, the Muslim Student Association and the RIBBON Project, an HIV/AIDS awareness group. She was also part of the Multicultural Center Exploration and Formation Committee and was a member of the search committee for several campus positions.


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The SDDOT library is located in the Research office. To check out hard copies of any of these items, you will need a State Library card. Once you have the card, drop by the Research Office to pick up the item. If you'd like the item sent inter-office, talk to Virginia Ripley at 3292 or by e-mail: Virginia Ripley.
Apply for a library card through the S.D. State Library or search the Library Catalog allows you to locate resources available at your library and at more than 70 other libraries throughout South Dakota.
Find Transportation Research and Information


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Canvas Paint Party – No Experience Required
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To schedule your next event and check availability email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 800-381-9512.


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ES File Explorer is a free, full-featured resource manager.
Over 300 millions global downloads, It is the file manager trend leader on Android! It currently supports 30+ languages.
It functions as all of these apps in one: file manager, application manager, task killer, cloud storage client (compatible with Dropbox, Google Drive, SkyDrive, Box.net, Sugarsync, Yandex, Amazon S3, Ubuntu One and more), FTP client, and LAN Samba client. It provides access to pictures, music, video, documents, and other files on both your Android devices and your computers, and you can share them with your friends over 3G, 4G, EDGE, or Wi-Fi easily.
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On March 1, 1962, the Cape Coral Civic Association was formed. On April 2, 1962, when Cape Coral had the remarkable population of 1,605 people, the Cape Coral Civic Association, with 228 members, elected its first board of directors. The Cape Coral Civic Association is the oldest civic organization in the city.
The first general meeting of the Civic Association occurred at the yet to be dedicated Cape Coral Yacht and Racquet Club pavilion on Monday, June 4, 1962. President Verne Schiegel proclaimed to over 300 people in attendance that "The Civic Association is for the benefit of Cape Coral." Vice president Edward Jay gave a report on the association's efforts to secure a Post Office and board member Don Graf furnished a report on the association's efforts to have a medical facility in Cape Coral. Graf later became the first city wide elected mayor in the early 1970's after the city was incorporated. Since then several mayors, many council members, many county commissioners and our current lieutenant governor can all be counted has having membership in Civic.
The Civic Association is proud to have a long and rich history of accomplishments that includes being "the engine behind the incorporation of the city of Cape Coral" in 1970. In commemoration of the organization's 20th anniversary in 1981 the Cape Coral Breeze published the following article:
Article Photos
Tour planes fly over Cape Coral in the early years.
"Civic a Forum for People"
"In the beginning there was a Taxpayers Association. In the middle there was the Civic Association. And now there is the mayor-council manager city government.
From 1962 to 1971, the Cape Coral Civic Association was the representative of the residents of Cape Coral. Faced with an unsympathetic and sometimes hostile county government, the Civic Association was the one outlet and forum the people of Cape Coral had that exercised any functional power.
Born in March 1962, a splinter group of the old Taxpayers Association, the Civic Association first tackled the issue of whether to build a Cape Coral Bridge. The bridge, which seemed to many at the time, essential to ensure growth in Cape Coral and prosperity for area residents, was the stage for a bitter fight between two factions of the Taxpayer Association.
Through the years the Civic Association has tackled problems such as the Cape Coral Bridge, a lighting district for Cape Coral, attempts to make GAC stick to their promises, and a civic center.
Charles Brady, a resident of Cape Coral since 1968, recalled the incidents surrounding the proposed civic center for Cape Coral.
"Tom Gray initiated the ideas of a civic center at a Civic Association meeting," Brady remembered. He called the day in 1972 that Cape Coral voters rejected a $600,000 bond referendum for a civic center "the sorriest day in Cape Coral's history."
"It was at the Civic Association that Charlie Blackburn presented the idea that Cape Coral should incorporate," Brady recalled. "All those persons who thought incorporation was a good idea were asked to volunteer for committees to study the problems involved."
The Civic Association studied incorporation as early as 1963 and issued reports at the beginning of both 1964 and 1965 stating that incorporation was not the wisest idea at the time. It wasn't until 1969 that the organization fully endorsed incorporation and proceeded to "get the ball rolling" according to Brady.
The Civic Association's importance as a policy making body in Cape Coral diminished as the city government took over the day-to-day government. Membership in the organization declined as more people became more interested in a legal governing body.
"Up through my term we had a pioneer feeling." Brady was president of the Civic Association in 1972. "We had a large, active membership who could see the problems in Cape Coral and question those who caused turmoil. Once we became a city, the Civic Association was still fighting for things such as the civic center, and sometimes we had to fight for our own existence."
In the past few years we have become more of an information group," Brady said. "Strong discussions, like 600 people who participated in the discussion about the utility rate hike that GAC requested just don't surface anymore.
The role the Civic Association will play in ". the future of Cape Coral will be determined by the interest of the residents of Cape Coral." Brady feels there are many areas that the Civic Association, in a new form as a 'watchdog' for city government.
"I am definitely fearful that if we don't get industry in Cape Coral, our taxes will become prohibitive and our growth will stop," Brady predicted. "I don't agree with some of our city fathers that Cape Coral should be a bedroom city for Fort Myers."
Now almost three decades after the Breeze anniversary article, the Civic Association remains a strong voice for the community as we celebrate another anniversary this month. Civic has weathered all that any opposing factions have thrown its way. In recent years a City Council with baseless allegations tried to destroy Civic and squelch the public's voice. They removed Civic from the taxpayer funded city web page. They singled out Civic, and only Civic, in an attempt to silence the organization. Their action merely strengthened the Civic members' resolve and resulted in an improved Civic sponsored web page www.capecoralcivicassociation.org. Once again it is the members and residents who make Civic strong and successful.
What does the future hold for Cape Coral Civic Association? We are reminded of Charles Brady's words; ". the future of Cape Coral will be determined by the interest of the residents of Cape Coral." With this in mind Civic continues to be "a Forum for People" to discuss and inform the public on a variety of issues. Civic prides itself on understanding the issues and the positions it has taken in support or in opposition to them. Civic provides the individual citizen with a collective voice to our local elected city and county officials. Civic general meetings are held at the Cape Yacht Club on the fourth Tuesday of the month from 7-9 p.m. and the meetings are open to the general public.
Civic continues to provide a venue for candidates' forums with discussion and questions of the issues. This gives our residents the opportunity to meet the candidates up-close and personal. Civic is proud of this non-partisan tradition that attracts standing room crowds at our forums.
As the city grows and the population becomes more diverse, Civic must focus on the core issues that affect the quality of life of our neighborhoods, such as city services, sensible growth, property values and a vision for economic development that will benefit everyone. As such Civic has communicated with other civic and neighborhood associations to encourage a "coalition" of organizations to speak with one voice on broad based issues facing the city. One messenger with many, many of your voices held within his message can accomplish much more than your solitary voice.
Civic will continue to increase its presence in the community with more use of the internet, web pages and emails to keep our members, friends and public officials informed in a more timely fashion.
Remember, it was the combined voices of the original 228 Civic members in 1962 that created this, our city of Cape Coral.


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The Democrat. (McKinney, Tex.), Vol. 3, No. 19, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 10, 1886
Description: Weekly newspaper from McKinney, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 10, 1886
Creator: Mack, H. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Newspaper
Partner: Collin County Genealogical Society


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A Veterans Day Goal - Preserve Your Veteran's Story
Biff Barnes
Veterans Day is the day Americans officially honor the service of our military veterans. What better way is there to honor them than to preserve the stories of their service?
That preservation can take a variety of forms. The Library of Congress Veterans History Project at the American Folklife Center is preserving oral history interviews with veterans. The project website provides specifics on how you can participate and offers guides to the interview process. A quick web search of veterans' history" will provide listings for many state and local veterans history projects which support the work being done at the Library of Congress.
Books make a great preservation tool. One of the things that got us interested in working with family historians was a book our family created as a tribute to my Uncle Cecil "Squeak" Barnes who was killed at Normandy after serving in North African and Sicily. (For more on creating a tribute book see our earlier post on Squeak's War.) Dorthea Nardone, whom we met at the Southern California Genealogy Jamboree, has taken the idea a step further with a book titled My Military Family which she is just completing. She documents the service of ancestors in various branches of the military back through the American Revolution.
Some of the sources you might use in preserving the record of your family's veterans include:
Interviews – If you have a World War II in the family, I would strongly suggest sitting down with a digital recorder for an interview. Many people we have talked to have found that older relatives who had been reluctant to talk about their experiences in the war have become more willing to do so in their later years. Nancy's father, who served on a carrier in the Pacific had been one of those reluctant vets, but after attending the dedication of the World War II memorial in Washington DC in 2004 he has told stories the family had never heard.
Letters – Squeak's War was based primarily on letters my uncle sent home from the time he was drafted to the time he was killed. We have talked with a number of people who have had similar collections of letters who are now turning them into books.
Journals – If you are fortunate enough to have a diary or journal kept by a veteran you may want to preserve it in a book to make sure it becomes a part of the historical record.
Contextual materials – Military records, history books, newspapers, photo collections, and memorabilia will all enhance the recollections of the veterans you are documenting. A little targeted research will help create a richer book for your readers.
So, this Veterans Day, as you recall the service of veterans in your family, resolve to make sure that memory becomes a part of the historical record. You can do it!
(This post was originally published for Veterans Day 2012.)


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CakeSpy Note: This is a guest post from Cake Gumshoe Laurel, a sweets enthusiast and handbag designer! She has also designed custom CakeSpy totes and wristlets which would make great Christmas presents. Just saying.
San Diego Beer Week started a few days ago. Many of the beer and food tastings are in bars, but one of the places participating in the ten day celebration of craft beer is Extraordinary Desserts. I'm a dessert nerd and my husband is a beer nerd; there was no way we couldn't go. We'll have babysitting later on in the week and plan on taking part in another beer-related event or two, but we figured this would be a good one to go try out for an early evening with our son. I didn't realize that Extraordinary Desserts was also a restaurant, with delicious looking sandwiches, appetizers, and even happy hour specials. We were here for the beer-inspired desserts though, so that's what we ordered. My husband had the warm caramelized apple pie with house-made St. Peter's Cream Stout ice cream, and I had the Coconut Porter beer float. Our 16-month-old son had a scoop of their house-made vanilla ice cream.
Some friends and I made beer floats once and they weren't nearly as good as this. (They were kind of gross, actually.) The house-made vanilla ice cream that went in my beer float was absolutely divine. It was rich and creamy, and it paired really well with the beer in the float. I've had the Maui Brewing Company Coconut Porter that they topped the float with, and it's not especially coconutty, so I appreciated that they also topped the float with toasted coconut flakes to bring out the flavor.
As much as I liked my beer float, my husband's apple pie (pictured top) was hands down the star dessert. The pie crust was flaky and buttery, and there was just a hint of cardamom in it that made it really stand out from ordinary pie crust. It was more like an individual pot pie than a slice from a whole pie, and we could definitely taste the caramel flavor in the apples on top. The ice cream was fabulous as well; the cream stout gave the ice cream an almost hazelnutty flavor, which complemented the pie very well. I could easily eat a whole bowl of the ice cream on its own, and it was all I could do to not lick the plate clean when my husband declared himself too stuffed to go on.
Our son also loved his bowl of vanilla ice cream, as you can see. He's clearly thinking about how this ice cream is so much more creamy and velvety than any other ice cream he's ever had, and how strong the vanilla bean flavor is, and how the next time he eats plain old ice cream from somewhere other than Extraordinary Desserts he'll just be thinking about how it's not as good as this ice cream. Our son has a very discerning palate.
We lived down the street from the original location on Hillcrest for two years and somehow never managed to make it in, and boy, do I feel dumb about it now. We'll definitely be visiting again in the future to try some of their regular sweets. If you're interested in visiting Extraordinary Desserts to taste their beer week offerings, make sure you go before November 15, when San Diego Beer Week ends. (And if you happen to go, and you see a crazy mom fighting her toddler for the right to lick the bowl clean, stop by my table and say hi.)
Extraordinary Desserts has two locations in San Diego, 2929 Fifth Avenue on Hillcrest and 1430 Union Street in Little Italy; online at extraordinarydesserts.com.


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Former Israeli PM Olmert begins jail term
Opening Sequence
Trump points toward Iran in Saudi oil attacks
After loud boos, UK PM says Brexit deal emerging
Lawmakers introduce anti-vaping measures
GM, UAW restart talks as workers take to picket lines
Israel's election - will Netanyahu survive?
Russia jails actor for hurting policeman
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Drinking the Bottom Shelf: Jeremiah Weed Premixed Drinks
Will Gordon drinks his way through the bottom shelf of the liquor store...so you don't have to.
Bottom Shelf research coordinator Emily and I had a grand and overdue Halloween couch party the other night featuring "Law and Order: Ice-T," delivered chicken, and homemade pumpkin beer. The T was as Icy as ever and the chicken was the perfect blend of spicy and sketchy (I don't know where Wings Over Somerville finds these 9-inch strips of brick-thick white meat, nor do I need to know), but the undisputed star of the evening was the beer. I don't want to stray too far into our homebrew correspondents' turf, so I'll keep this part brief by describing the entire brewing process from start to finish:
1) Pour a can of fizzy yellow beer into a pint glass,
2) top with two glugs of Hiram Walker Pumpkin Spice liqueur.
The finished product is a gorgeous pale orange and it works like two charms. We learned the obvious way that sugary orange liqueurs have exceptional carpet-staining powers, but this particular drink produced a curiously mild hangover. Emily's alarm went off at 6:30 this morning, because she is hideously inconsiderate when it comes to getting up early to go earn our chicken money, and I preemptively moaned and groaned and mimicked coping with a pounding hair-ache for a good couple minutes before I realized that I'd somehow emerged from the pumpkin party only lightly scathed. That's evidence of quality homebrewing right there.
I'm sure I've had prouder moments as a recipe developer—the Slim Jim-studded hamburger of summer 2008 comes to mind—but this was my biggest strictly liquid breakthrough in months. I've gotten lazy in the drinking portion of the kitchen. I've actually been in a slump when it comes to the solids, too. Two of my last three batches of meatballs failed, and I need to stop trying to cram thyme where it doesn't belong. But my ambition and focus remain strong when it comes to dinner, so I expect things will pick back up in that regard. I'm not a good cook by any reasonable measure, but I'm a pretty willing one, so I can usually manage to get us fed in an acceptable fashion.
But when it comes to home drinking, I've gotten increasingly lazier in the past year. I love a really well made drink, but for whatever reason, Emily and I haven't been drinking that classily since we left Amherst in June. Quick plug for high-end Amherst drinking options: Even though it's a weird woodchucky college town, Amherst has at least two places to get excellent cocktails. Our friends Kristin at Amherst Coffee and Colin and Tabela's have made us some of the best drinks of our lives. If you live out that way, go say hi and please and thank you.
Amherst is a cool town but not necessarily our kind of town, so we were relieved to move back to Cambridge, but I think being back where we kinda belong has made us complacent. I no longer take as many matters into my own hands, and we've also somehow managed to assemble an out-of-house drinking map that misses most of the nice places in the neighborhood.
This means it's time for me to revisit my old nemesis, the RTD. That's what industry folk call "ready to drink" premixed cocktails. I've had some decent ones before, but never any that I'd actually recommend to any but the laziest drinkers. Now that I'm a very lazy drinker myself, I figure I should reinvestigate this overpopulated and underachieving category. The Jeremiah Weed brand has never done me wrong (also never done me right or done me anything in between), so I decided we'd give their three 5.8% ABV "adult malt beverages" a whirl. Lightning Lemonade, Spiked Cola, and Sweet Tea all come in 12-ounce cans for about $8 a six-pack in stores that sell Budweiser for $6 and Samuel Adams for $10. Here we go.
Jeremiah Weed Spiked Cola: This is a strange one. It smells like cheap vodka and complicated cola. It pours with an aggressive fizz that disappears in half a jiffy, so by the time you drink it, you've got a flat, weird cola drink. As usual, the problem here is more the generic cola than the alcohol. Emily thought it tasted like bad Cherry Coke, I thought it tasted like bad Cinnamon Coke. Not sure which of us is right, but I'm pretty sure JW Spiked Cola is wrong.
Jeremiah Weed Lightning Lemonade: Oh man. This tastes like really harsh powdered lemonade. The strong lime note is a novel touch, which is not to say a good one. Don't drink this.
Jeremiah Weed Roadhouse Tea: All right, now we're on to something. It smells like real lemon juice up top, and then it gets sneakily sweet but not too sweet. The tea character is there but fairly understated. It's not syrupy and is better than straight uncut Snapple. Do drink this.
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Drinfeld modular forms were introduced by D. Goss in 1980 for congruence subgroups of ${\rm GL}_2(\mathbb{F}_q[T])$. They are a counterpart of classical modular forms in the function field world. In this thesis I study Drinfeld modular forms for inner forms of ${\rm GL}_2$ that correspond to unit groups $\Lambda^\star$ of quaternion division algebras over $\mathbb{F}_q(T)$ split at the place $\infty = 1/T$. I show, following work of Teitelbaum for ${\rm GL}_2(\mathbb{F}_q[T])$, that these forms have a combinatorial interpretation as certain maps from the edges of the Bruhat-Tits tree $\mathcal{T}$ associated to ${\rm PGL}_2(K_\infty)$. Here $K_\infty$ denotes the completion of $K$ at $\infty$. A major focus of this thesis is on computational aspects: I present an algorithm for computing a fundamental domain for the action of $\Lambda^\star$ on $\mathcal{T}$ with an edge pairing, and describe how to obtain a basis of the space of these forms out of this fundamental domain. On this basis one can compute the Hecke action.
|Item Type:
|Böckle, Prof. Dr. Gebhard
|Date of thesis defense:
|24 October 2012
|Date Deposited:
|02 Nov 2012 09:29
|24 October 2012
|Faculties / Institutes:
|The Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science > Department of Mathematics
|510 Mathematics