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------------------------------------------------------------------ Gnucap 0.33 release notes (01/12/2003) This is a bug fix and compatibility release. 0.32 was not widely distributed due to password problems and a heavy work load, so the release notes are repeated after the current ones. New features: 1. Add inductance probes, like capacitor. Bug fixes: 1. Fix xprobe duplicate default arg bug - shows in g++3.2. 2. Fix bug that sometimes caused a crash when changing a model after analysis. 3. Fix bug that caused an assert to fail (debug build) after removing a probe from an element. 4. Fix a dumb typo hack bug ddHAS_READLINE. Now history and command line editing really works. It was working, but somehow the hack slipped into the release code. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Gnucap 0.32 release notes (09/30/2002) New features: 1. Series resistance in the diode. It took 5 minutes to do, so it is embarrasing that it wasn't done before. 2. History and command line editing, using Gnu Readline. Thanks to Simon Hoffe for sending me the patch. 3. More parameters in the BJT model. This gives it better compatibility with commercial simulators. These parameters are beyond Spice 3f5. 4. "M" parameter in diode, BJT and MOS devices. M is the number of parallel devices. Some commercial simulators have this. Changes that may or may not be improvements. 1. The definition of the transient option "UIC" has changed. It is now Spice compatible, which means to not attempt to do any solution or consistency check. Just apply the values, assuming anything that isn't specified is 0. The old behavior was to attempt a solution while holding the IC values. Bug fixes: 1. voltage sync bug. It still doesn't fix the MOS 2 convergence problem. 2. Fix memory leak in POLY components. 3. Fix bug in Fourier that sometimes causes overrun (crash) and time sync errors. 4. Modelgen: fix bug in list parsing. 5. Some changes to eliminate warnings when compiling with g++ 3.1. 6. Use Euler differentiation on first step, because trap used a value that cannot be known then. Usually, this doesn't make much difference, but there are a few cases where the error can get magnified and trigger trapezoidal ringing, leading to a totally bogus result. It most cases, you could hide it with small enough steps. These cases should work with default settings now. 7. Fix bug that sometimes caused incorrect handling of initial conditions (UIC), 8. Fix bug that caused continuing a transient analysis to give incorrect results. Significant internal changes: 1. The inductor uses all of the same support functions as the capacitor, including "integrate", which is now correctly called "differentiate". 2. Most of the code is in place for named nodes. It mostly works and can be turned on with the option "namednodes". It is off by default because it is not complete. Most likely, it will be finished in the next release. Some things that are still partially implemented: 1. BSIM models, charge effects, "alpha0" parameter. (computed then ignored) 2. Configure still doesn't handle everything. 3. The model compiler still requires too much raw coding. 4. Named nodes. If you set the option "namednodes", it will support named nodes, but some things don't work, so it is off by default. 5. The preliminary IBIS code is now included. For now, it is a standalone executable, that reads an IBIS file and generates a netlist. The netlist requires some editing to use, and is not fully compatible anyway. It is included in hopes of recruiting help in finishing the project. Bugs (nothing new, but needs repeating): 1. The transmission line initial conditions are not propagated until the transient analysis runs. 2. An occasional bogus calculation in MOSFETS occurs when a device is reversed. This sometimes causes nonconvergence. 3. The "modify" command with multiple arguments seems to take only the first one. It used to work, but is broken in this release. I am not sure when it broke. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Gnucap 0.31 release notes (03/25/2002) The most significant changes are the BJT model and "binning". New features: 1. BJT model. 2. "Binning" for all MOS models. 3. Internal element: non-quasi-static poly-capacitor. (needed by BJT). 4. Enhancements to the data structures and model compiler to support binning in general. 5. A line prefixed by "*>" is not ignored, in spite of the fact that "*" usually begins a comment. This is a deliberate incompatibility with Spice. If you prefix a line by "*>" it will be interpreted as a non-comment in Gnucap, but a comment in Spice. 6. Circuit line prefixes of ">" and command prefixes of "-->" are ignored. This is so you can copy and paste whole lines, without having to manually remove the prompt string. Changes that may or may not be improvements. 1. It is not the default to include stray resistance in device models. The option "norstray" will revert to the old behavior. This is only a change to the default value of "rstray". Significant internal changes: 1. The internal element non-quasi-static poly-capacitor actually works. It is used by the BJT model, and will eventually be used by MOSFET models. 2. There are now two poly_g devices: "CPOLY_G" and "FPOLY_G". There are interface differences that impact modeling. Previously, there was only one, which is equivalent to the "FPOLY_G". Some things that are still partially implemented: 1. BSIM models, charge effects, "alpha0" parameter. (computed then ignored) 2. Configure still doesn't handle everything. 3. The model compiler still requires too much raw coding. General comments: The new BJT model seems to pass the CircuitSim90 test cases as well as anything else, except where a missing feature prevented it from working. A few files would not run because of named nodes. One file (ring11) failed completely. This file also has MOSFETs, with level 2 models. The MOS level 2 model is not as robust as the BJT. I believe the problem is due to the voltage sync bug that still impacts the MOS model. Most of the models have has a reasonable amount of testing in DC, but inadequate testing in AC and transient. The BJT model has had more testing than the others in AC and transient. All differences (relative to other simulators) that were observed can be attributed to differences in transient step size control or tolerance checking. Bugs (nothing new, but needs repeating): 1. The transmission line initial conditions are not propagated until the transient analysis runs. Bugs (newly discovered, not fixed): 1. In some cases, it is possible for the voltages at various stages of model evaluation to get out of sync with each other. In particular, when device limiting occurs, the conversion from FPOLY to CPOLY form may use the unlimited voltages, resulting in an erroneous conversion. This problem has been fixed (before release) in the DC BJT model. The charge portion of the BJT model may still have the problem, but the symptom rarely shows. The MOS model is known to still have the problem. The symptom of the problem is occasional slow convergence or non convergence. There can be a single incorrect iteration that throws the solution far from the intended path, then it usually recovers eventually. The fix is known, but I wanted to get the BJT model out, so this fix will wait for the next release. 2. The "modify" command with multiple arguments seems to take only the first one. It used to work, but is broken in this release. I am not sure when it broke. ------------------------------------------------------------------ GNUCAP 0.30 release notes (10/29/2001) The primary effort has been to finish the model compiler, to the point where it can handle most modeling issues. The second change is to re-release as "gnucap", and add some configuration features to be more consistent with other GNU software. New features: 1. More complete model compiler. 2. "./configure" makes compiling more like other GNU software. Some things that are still partially implemented: 1. Internal element: non-quasi-static poly-capacitor. 2. BSIM models, charge effects, "alpha0" parameter. (computed then ignored) 3. Configure still doesn't handle everything. 4. The model compiler still requires too much raw coding. Bugs (nothing new, but needs repeating): 1. The transmission line initial conditions are not propagated until the transient analysis runs. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.29 release notes (06/30/2001) The primary effort has been to implement IBIS, which is still not done. The changes here are mostly infrastructure changes needed to support IBIS. New features: 1. "Fit" function has choice of fit order and extrapolation. You can have order 0, 1, 2, or 3. 2. "Posy" has even and odd options, to determine what happens in the negative region. 3. Modelgen improvements. It now is useful for the whole device, sometimes. It now handles probes and the device side of the model. The diode uses it completely. There are still a few missing features needed for the MOSFET and BJT. 4. Spice-3 compatible semiconductor resistor and capacitor. 5. "Table" model statement. Improvements, bug fixes, etc. 1. Option "numdgt" really works. 2. Better error messages from modelgen. 3. Code changes for optimization of commons. This should reduce memory use, sometimes, by sharing commons. Common sharing is still not fully implemented. 4. Fix two bugs that sometimes caused problems after a "modify" or on a "fault". 5. Better handling of "vmin" and "vmax". It should be much less likely that limiting causes convergence to a nonsense result. Some things that are still partially implemented: 1. Internal element: non-quasi-static poly-capacitor. 2. BSIM models, charge effects, "alpha0" parameter. (computed then ignored) Bugs (nothing new, but needs repeating): 1. The transmission line initial conditions are not propagated until the transient analysis runs. 2. The makefile does not set up the proper link for the model compiler. You need to do it manually. 3. On some systems, you will get a warning from the linker that "the use of 'tmpnam' is dangerous". You can ignore this warning. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.28 release notes (09/05/2000) New features: 1. New probes: diode G, mos IBD, IBS, GBD, GBS. 2. New options: "floor" and "vfloor". (Floor was in the manual, but not in the simulator.) Improvements, bug fixes, etc. 1. There is a change to the way behavioral modeling conditionals are handled. It should now be 100% compatible with SPICE, considering the subset that duplicates SPICE. There are still significant extensions beyond SPICE, particularly that you can have behavioral resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. 2. Parameter default calculations are now done in a manner consistent with Spice 3f5. Previously, it was supposedly consistent with Spice 2g6. 3. A bug in calculation of threshold voltage of the level 6 model, for P channel devices, has been fixed. 4. A bug in calculation of Meyer capacitances when the device is reversed has been fixed. This bug sometimes caused a discontinuity at vds=0. 5. I have added some smoothing to the Meyer mos capacitor models. This improves convergence. The down side is that sometimes the answers are different. It is probably a little better, when considering closeness to reality, but it is still Meyer's model. 6. MOSFET parasitic diodes are now the same as those used in Spice. 7. There are subtle changes in the diode model. I think this usually improves convergence. 8. Charge calculation in Meyer capacitors and diode capacitiors is now supposedly Spice 3 compatible. 9. An error in BSIM3 scaling has been fixed. Some things that are still partially implemented: 1. Internal element: non-quasi-static poly-capacitor. 2. BSIM models, charge effects. Bugs (nothing new, but needs repeating): 1. The transmission line initial conditions are not propagated until the transient analysis runs. 2. The makefile does not set up the proper link for the model compiler. You need to do it manually. 3. A bad setting of "vmax" and "vmin" can lead to convergence to a nonsense result. It is not as bad now as it used to be. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.27 release notes (06/03/2000) New features: 1. BSIM3 model, DC. They work for AC and transient analysis, but only the DC effects actually work. The next release should have the charge effects. For now, it fakes it with Meyer's model. 2. A first cut at a model compiler, to aid in development of new models. Models are described in a ".model" file, which is processed to automatically generate the ".h" and ".cc" files. This version fully handles the ".model" statement part of it, but leaves the device and common sections the old way. Eventually, the entire process will be automated. The old way still works. 3. "Fit" behavioral modeling function, which fits a curve to a set of data. You can specify the order of the fit, which is piecewise polynomials. For now, the order may be 1 (linear, like PWL) or 3 (cubic splines). You may also specify the boundary consitions. 4. More probes. Some things that are partially implemented: 1. Internal element: non-quasi-static poly-capacitor. It is needed by the BSIM3 and EKV models. Eventually, it will be available as a netlist item, but not yet. Bug fixes: 1. PWL could fail if there were duplicate points at the beginning. It still does, but gives a reasonable error message. 2. Some "dot commands" were ignored if there were spaces before the dot. This was particularly annoying if the line was supposed to be ".end" which should make it exit. It didn't, leaving it in interactive mode, a major annoyance in a script. Other improvements: 1. There is a change to the way integration in capacitors is done. It is now strictly based on charge (i = dq/dt). The old version was based on capacitance (i = C * dv/dt) which is strictly incorrect. The dC/dt term was missing (i = C * dv/dt + v * dC/dt). This is a non-issue when C is constant. 2. More documentation on internals. Changes that I think are improvements, but some may disagree: 1. The command line is a little different. In the old version, "acs file" would run it, and whether it exited or not depended on whether there was an ".end" line. Now, by default, it just loads the file in preparation for interactive use. If you want batch mode, say "acs -b file". 2. The regression suite is included in the standard distribution. Changes that are not really improvements: 1. Due to the model compiler, the build process is a little more complicated. To do a complete build, you must build the model compiler first, then the simulator. If you are not making any new models, you can probably get away with just building the simulator. This will change in a future release. Bugs: 1. The transmission line initial conditions are not propagated until the transient analysis runs. 2. The makefile does not set up the proper link for the model compiler. You need to do it manually. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.26 release notes (02/02/2000) New features: 1. BSIM1, BSIM2 models -- DC only. They work for AC and transient analysis, but only the DC effects actually work. The next release should have the charge effects. 2. New elements: trans-capacitor voltage controlled capacitor voltage controlled conductance voltage controlled resistor This is a side effect of the BSIM work. 3. Optional new syntax, with type first so component labels can start with any letter, and the choice of components is no longer limited by the 26 letters. This was necessary for a clean syntax for #2. 4. Some new parameters on existing devices, also a side effect of the BSIM work. 5. The manual in HTML form. The manual source is still in LaTeX, which can be used to generate HTML, PDF, Postscript, or many other formats. Bug fixes: 1. An error causing truncation error to be underestimated has been fixed. Other improvements: 1. MOSFET model evaluation is a little faster, due to use of one of the new elements to replace several old ones. I have seen 40%, but 20% is more likely. The improvement is most evident on busy circuits, where the ACS speed enhancements based on latency exploitation contribute more overhead than their value, that is .. the type of circuit that has run faster in Spice than ACS. 2. More documentation on internals. Changes that I think are improvements, but some may disagree: 1. Truncation error based step control is disabled when Euler's method is selected. The justification for this is that the reason for selecting Euler's method is to avoid the artifacts of high order methods on "stiff" poles. Without this change, a "stiff" pole would cause an unreasonably small step size. This did not appear to be much of a problem in the old release because the use of an incorrect formula for estimating truncation error. A "stiff" pole is one that has a response so fast it can be thought of as instantaneous. 2. The "help" command, with its 4 year old help file, has been removed. The concept is really obsolete. With the HTML form of the manual, a full online manual is a better replacement. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.25 release notes (11/04/99) New features: None! Bug fixes: 1. A name conflict that caused compile to fail with gcc 2.95 has been fixed. 2. A problem that caused switches to lose state when a simulation is stopped and restarted when a switch is in transition has been fixed. 3. Two unrelated problems with transmission lines have been fixed. (Short lines and lines in subcircuits.) Changes that may or may not be improvements: 1. Several queues have been added, to manage model evaluation scheduling. This is part of work on multi-rate and mixed-mode simulation, and it replaces the traditional bypass scheme. In this release, probably the only noticeable difference will be that it runs a little faster. Known bugs: 1. The help file has not been updated for 4 years. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.24 release notes (08/21/99) New features: 1. Enhanced (now documented) behavioral modeling. 2. Transmission line in transient analysis. 3. More documentation of internals. 4. Better batch mode error handling. Bug fixes: 1. Control-C trap works. 2. A bug that could cause a crash when a device had an improper number of nodes has been fixed. It now issues a warning, and grounds the unspecified nodes. 3. A bug that could cause a crash when a model or subcircuit is deleted then accessed has been fixed. 4. A scoping bug that sometimes put subckt parts in the root circuit has been fixed. 5. A bug in "fanout" that listed internal subckt nodes incorrectly has been fixed. Changes that may or may not be improvements: 1. "Make2" files for some systems have been removed. These have not been tested in years, and ACS and the compilers have both evolved significantly, so any portability patches that old are probably completely wrong now. Known bugs: 1. The help file has not been updated for 4 years. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.23 release notes (06/15/99) New features: 1. Level 6 mos model. 2. HSpice style PWL and POLY(1). 3. "Table" behavioral modeling function. 4. Mixed-mode digital initialization. The bug fixes: 1. The alarm range worked backwards, now fixed. 2. Keep track of commons better. 3. Improved mixed-mode simulation. It still has not been tested as well as I would like, but is better. Digital initialization works now. 4. Another case of "zero time step" has been fixed. This one was relatively benign, in that it only caused a single extra full evaluation, with immediate recovery to a normal step size. 5. "Z" probe gave wrong results when probing a voltage source. Other improvements: (?) 1. Some subtractions now de-noise the result, eliminating the tiny numbers that result from subtracting two nearly equal numbers. The threshold can be set by the option "roundofftol". It is best left set at 1e-13. This improves speed slightly because 0 will prevent a matrix reload, but any non-zero number will not. It improves convergence slightly because the tiny numbers (which result from numerical problems) tend to cause further numerical problems. These tiny numbers are an artifact of the machine math, and vary depending on optimization and machine implementation details. 2. MOS temperature effects are computed at run time, instead of at load time, so you can change the temperature after loading and get correct results. 3. The options for integration method have changed, and are more flexible. The default is still trapezoidal, but that may change in a future release. You can specify the mode individually for capacitors and inductors. The information is in the data structure for all components, but it isn't always parsed. A future release will let you specify it by component or by model. The names are Spectre compatible, not Spice compatible, because it is more flexible. The Spice names are accepted, but may not act the same as they do in Spice. Choices are: unknown, euler, euleronly, trap, traponly. Options accepted and coerced into something else are: gear2, gear2only, trapgear, trapeuler. In general, gear is treated as euler, and each element will use either euler or trap. The device choice wins over the option command choice, but "only" wins over non-only. 4. Logic device syntax is changed. There are two more nodes, so power, ground, and enable are passed in. Power and enable are not used (except possibly in subckt models) but are required for consistency. 5. In many (not all) cases, arbitrary limits, due to fixed size arrays, have been removed. 6. More rigorous testing. I actually have a regression suite now. It is still not rigorous enough. 7. More rigorous convergence criteria. This should solve some of the false convergence problems. ACS convergence criteria has always been more rigorous than Spice. The cosmetic changes: 1. Convert most containers to STL. 2. Complete migration to the "common" tree, and eliminating reference to the old C "x" structure extensions. 3. Rearrangement of MOS model hierarchy, to make it easier to install other models. (BSIM family is coming.) ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.22 release notes (10/16/98) This release contains a few bug fixes, and a few cosmetic changes to the code. The bug fixes: 1. Fixes convergence failures in circuits with linear inductors, linear mutual inductors, and linear current controlled sources. 2. Fixes a bypass problem, which shows as transient analysis failure with the message "very backward time step". 3. Failed assertion on switch. The cosmetic changes: 1. The "OMSTREAM" class, as a step in migrating the i/o to C++ style. 2. A cleaner event queue, using a generic heap class. That's really all. I have not been actively working on ACS, mostly due to employment at a semiconductor company in their "corporate CAD" department. This will change soon, because my new employer (a CAD tool vendor) says it is ok to work on ACS. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.21 release notes (03/30/96) There are several changes, most of which are only visible in subtle ways from the outside. 1. The code is more conformant with the upcoming standard, particularly in the use of complex, templates, lifetime of temporaries, and for scope. This should fix problems compiling with g++ 2.7. 2. Element commons are freed properly. 3. The manner in which elements are loaded into the matrix is different, and should be faster for large circuits with latency. Model bypass is more complete, because it is no longer necessary to do anything with a latent model. It makes little difference for small circuits, and circuits that are mostly active. Speed gains on small circuits are offset by #4. 4. The bypass criteria are more strict. It was possible to get incorrect results through interaction between model evaluation bypass and iteration damping. This release will not bypass anything when damping is in effect. There is a slight speed penalty. 5. Logic devices work even when there is no analog model. The bug causing a failure in this case has been fixed. The "bug" (that could in a twisted sense be called a feature) that leads to random mapping on start-up is still there. The logic model still needs work. 6. The code is somewhat more object-oriented. Some classes have been changed to be more general. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.20 release notes (11/22/95) This release adds the level-3 MOSFET model. It is Spice compatible. Actually, it was there a long time ago but was removed because it didn't work correctly. This one has been tested and seems to match Spice results, and have convergence characteristics a little better than Spice 2g6. Like the level 1 and 2 models, only Meyer's capacitance model is implemented. (like Spice 3). ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.19 release notes (10/31/95) This release offers "improved" convergence. Several new options have been added to control iteration damping. In some cases, the program will take a partial step in an attempt to tame the wild fluctuations that can occur during iteration with Newton's method. This version appears to be considerably more robust than Spice 2g6. Several test circuits that fail to converge on Spice do converge on ACS. The cost of this is sometimes slower convergence. It generally takes about 2 more iterations per step than the previous version. This can be turned off, using the "dampstrategy" option at a slight cost in robustness. See the manual on the options command for more information. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.18 release notes (05/12/95) This release offers improved memory management and exception handling, primarily aimed at MSDOS systems. Bug fixes: 1. For all ... Out of memory exceptions are properly trapped. Version 0.17 would crash if it ran out of memory. Now you get a reasonable message. It was only a real problem on MSDOS systems. 2. MSDOS floating point exceptions are trapped. In 0.17, underflow exceptions and null floating point exceptions could sometimes cause an abort. I don't know why, but the 80287 can generate a null exception when apparently nothing is wrong. 3. MSDOS only: Evade underflow in exp(). A large negative argument to exp can give bogus results. This was a known (to me) in Microsoft C 5.1. Apparently Borland has the same behavior. It may be a hardware problem. The fix is to not call exp with an argument beyond -200, and return 0 instead. 4. Don't use "-fast-math" with g++. (Makefile change). It doesn't make any difference in speed, and it sometimes causes problems, particularly the one in #3 above. Performance improvements: 1. Most elements no longer store values from the past. Only inductors and capacitors do. This means that some probes are no longer available. Some other data has been moved to improve memory usage. This change increases the capacity of the MSDOS version by about 10 transistors. Unix systems will swap less. Other visible changes: 1. The method of attaching models to devices has been changed, to improve maintainability. There are a few noticeable side effects. a. The default models -d-, -n- are no longer available. These were not documented. b. Model names must now be unique. If you have a diode model named "foo", you may not also have a mosfet model named "foo". c. A diode can reference a mosfet model. The diode will be equivalent to the source-bulk diode in the mosfet. This is a byproduct of using C++ derived classes. The mosfet model is derived from the diode model. 2. Exception handling in batch mode is different. It is still not right. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.17 release notes (04/21/95) The primary difference in this release is reorganization and C++. A side benefit is that it is slightly faster, and uses slightly less memory. (The program is bigger, but it stores data more efficiently, for a net improvement.) It is a transitional release, with some of the code still in C. I hope to have a full C++ version this summer. Bug fixes: 1. Voltage source (vs, vcvs, ccvs) probes (current, power, etc.) now really work. 2. Fixed bug that caused strange results with mutual inductance after other parts of the circuit are changed. 3. Fixed memory leak in subcircuits and complex devices. 4. Fixed bug that caused a crash when probed elements were deleted. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.16 release notes (12/10/94) New features: 1. New components: current controlled switch, current controlled current source, current controlled voltage source. Any simple two terminal element (not a diode) can be used as a probe, not just a voltage source. 2. Diode transit time parameter works. 3. Mutual inductance. The coupled coils must be linear. Only pairs of coupled inductors are supported in this release. A future release will probably support multiply coupled inductors. Bug fixes: 1. Continuing a transient analysis now works as documented. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.15 release notes (07/31/94) Version 0.15 is supposed to be a minimal bug fix release to 0.14, but does have one new component. 1. Some additional ports are supported, including VMS. An HP port is supplied as a user contribution, but I have not tested it. 2. New component: voltage controlled switch. Spice-3 compatible. 3. Fixed bug that caused unpredictable behavior (usually loss of a probe, sometimes a crash) after replacing a component. 4. Fixed bug that caused incorrect evaluation and initialization of logic devices when there is no analog model. 5. Fixed a bug in truncation error control that sometimes caused it to become a no-op. It still seems to usually work the same as Spice, except that ACS will actually use at least the time steps you ask for. Spice will pick all the steps and interpolate for the points you ask for. This will usually cause ACS to use more time steps than Spice, hence often slower simulations. 6. Fixed another bug in truncation error that sometimes caused a divide by zero. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.14 release notes (07/05/94) Version 0.14 was supposed to be a minimal bug fix release to 0.13. The same bugs are still there and there are a few small additions mostly aimed at coping with convergence problems. 1. The truncation error formula was changed to use the third derivative of charge instead of the second derivative of current. These two numbers are theoretically equal, but in practice they are not. The second derivative of current uses 3 terms to compute by divided differences. The third derivative of charge uses 4 terms. Using the odd number of terms catches the error due to the oscillatory nature of the trapezoid rule. An even number of terms tends to lose this error. Also, using charge tends to mask it. So, I have changed it to a less accurate, more optimistic method, the same as Spice. It now seems to work about the same as Spice, in the sense that it usually chooses about the same step sizes. Strictly, the old method is "better" but it tends to run away on stiff poles, trying for excess accuracy that doesn't matter. Your comments on this matter are welcome. If you know of any good papers on this, please let me know. 2. The "stiff" option has been removed from the transient command. Instead, use the .options "trapezoid" or "gear". For now, "gear" implies first order and is equivalent to the old "stiff". (A cop-out.) Actually, for stiff poles you want a first order method because the error is lower. 3. You can specify the integration method individually on any capacitor or inductor. 4. A bug causing the MSDOS version (2 byte integers) to mess up probes of other than nodes was fixed. 5. A bug that sometimes caused it to perpetually repeat the same time step was fixed. (SPICE would have reported "time step too small" and stopped.) 6. A bug that messed up step control when a dormant model wakes up and finds out it has been sleeping too long has been fixed. 7. "Mosflags" and "diodeflags" are different and there are more of them. There are lots of them and they may be useful in taming convergence problems. They control the heuristics that are applied when there appears to be a convergence problem. I have yet to find a circuit that could not be made to converge by judicious application of the flags and options, but any one setting is no better than Spice, and many are worse. One combination of flags gives Spice style limiting, which more often than not makes convergence worse. 8. "vmax" and "vmin" options as part of convergence heuristics. The default value of "limit" now large enough to essentially remove it. These limits sometimes help convergence, but more often hurt. 9. The "damp" option actually works. 10. The diode "off" flag works correctly. 11. There is a new command "alarm" that prints a message when a value exceeds a range. The syntax is the same as the "plot" command. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.13 release notes (03/11/94) Version 0.13 adds several new features and has several bug fixes and performance improvements. 1. Fourier analysis really works. The "Fourier" command does a transient analysis but prints the results in the frequency domain. It is similar to the Spice command of the same name but not exactly the same. It is significantly more accurate than Spice because the transient time steps are chosen for the best match to the Fast Fourier Transform. Considerably more flexibility is available than in Spice. 2. Transient time step control by truncation error (finally). 3. Several options have been added to display diagnostics. 4. Fixed the default value for idsat, issat, ad, and as in the mos-diode. In 0.12, the default area was 1 square meter, which gave mosfet capacitors in the 500 uf range. This sometimes caused strange results. 5. Added some node probes, mostly for diagnostic use. 6. Fixed the "F" probe on linear elements. (Capacitor charge, inductor flux, admittance current, resistor voltage) It used to give an obviously bogus answer. Other changes: 1. Some general changes in the interest of improving code quality in general. 2. Function headers are in ANSI style, rather than K&R style. This version will compile as either C or C++. Future versions will require a C++ compiler. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.12 release notes (10/09/93) Version 0.12 is a maintenance release. It adds no features (except Ultrix support) but fixes several bugs and changes some porting details. It should be easier to port this version than previous versions. The bug fixes are significant enough that you should upgrade to 0.12 even if you are not having any problems. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ACS 0.11 release notes (07/26/93) Version 0.11 fixes a few bugs in 0.10. 0.10 was supposed to be posted on alt.sources but due to a problem with the feed it never happened. New features: 1. New MOSFET and diode probes. All information available from the Spice 2 "op" analysis is now available as probes. For MOSFET these include cbd, cbs, cgsovl, cgdovl, cgbovl, cgs, cgd, cgb, vdsat, vth. Other (non-spice) new probes include cgst, cgdt, cgbt. (cgst = Cgs total = cgsovl + cgs.) These were available before by probing the value of the internal element but it was less convenient. Now it is simple and has the same name as in Spice. These probes are also available in transient analysis, so you can see (for example) the dynamic variations in capacitance. Bugs fixed: 1. Pass arguments to tr_volts and family by pointer instead of the whole structure. This is less likely to tickle a bug in Microsoft C. The MSDOS version of ACS 0.10 crashed frequently due to this bug. (Strictly, this is a Microsoft-C bug, not an ACS bug but the effect is the same.) 2. The AC "Z" probes work again. They were broken in 0.10. 3. The size of the buffer for text plots is increased allowing support for wider screens. The old version would crash if you did plots with outwidth set to wider than 128. The fix is to make it bigger, with a new constant MAXWIDTH, and trap the width setting bigger than MAXWIDTH. The current max is 256 for MSDOS and 512 for unix. The plotting code should probably be redone. 4. Width is narrower by 1 so setting width to 80 won't leave blank lines on an 80 column screen. 5. MOSFET capacitance now matches Spice (Meyer model) 6. Level 1 model linear region gds calculation was wrong, but close enough to often go unnoticed. It is correct and matches Spice now. 7. The value of an AC source now is compatible with Spice. That is, plain value is the DC-tran value. In old versions of ACS a plain value applied to all analyses including AC. You needed to prefix the value with "DC" to make it not apply to AC. Actually, it worked as documented. Now it works like Spice, which makes more sense. This was a major source of strange results in AC analysis. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------
Please send FSF & GNU inquiries & questions to email@example.com. There are also other ways to contact the FSF.
Please send comments on these web pages and Gnucap to email@example.com
Copyright (C) 2001 Albert Davis email@example.com
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.Last modified: Thu Jan 22 15:59:05 EST 2004


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Our Mission: To organize and serve the greater Troy area in order to save, restore and promote Troy Proctor's as a viable multimedia and cultural attraction.
Save Troy Proctor's is sponsoring an event on Saturday evening, May 1st to support the restoration of the historic theatre. The night will begin with hors d'oeuvres and cocktails at the Frear Building, followed by additional courses at historic homes in Troy, and conclude at the Frear Building for dessert and entertainment. Tickets are $50. For reservations or information contact email@example.com, or call 274-0418.
We don't have all the details yet, but after extensive discussions with Columbia Development and City government late last year, there is a potential compromise solution on the table that at least saves both the facade and theater volume of Troy Proctors!
As reported in the Troy Record this morning, Columbia Development has put forth a draft proposal that would put the new City Hall in the Troy Proctor's office building and additions, leaving the theater volume untouched and presumable conserved for future restoration. Although full plans were not released, the provided documents show the proposed streetscape and floor plans for the proposal. The implications of theses plans are that a) the theater facade and lobby will be fully restored, b) the theater volume will be left untouched, and c) the two buildings currently standing between the Chasan building and Proctor's theater will be demolished and replaced with the main entrance and public areas of City Hall.
Naturally, there are many concerns that remain to be addressed, such as whether any of the $4.5M RestoreNY grant funds will be available for restoration of the theater space, whether the plan destroys significant historical value in the two buildings to be demolished, and who will control the theater proper after the construction is complete. However, this is a huge step in the right direction, and very encouraging to our cause!
We are happy to announce the inauguration of the first ever Troy Proctor's Foundation pledge drive. Visitors to our website can now enter their personal information and make a pledge right from their PC! The pledge page can be found at: http://www.troyproctors.com/you-can-help/donate
All submitted information will be kept private, and all money collected is to be used to generate market studies, engineering reports, and publicity for the effort to save Proctor's Theater.
Please join us, and pledge today. Don't forget to get the word out to everyone you know. Every little bit helps, and now is the time to act!
Theater Communications Group, the national organization for American theater, recently conducted a study of over 400 non-profit theater groups around the country. Taking Your Fiscal Pulse found that despite the economic downturn, for theaters whose fiscal year ended in September, 2009, 52% either broke even or made money. Of the 48% who lost money, 34% were at a deficit of 10% or less of total expenditures.
In reaction, Erica Veil, representative of the Troy Proctor's Foundation, was quoted in the Troy Record in a recent article about the study: "The survey shows overall ticket sales and government, trustee and individual contributions have maintained or increased, despite being in the midst of the worst economic crisis any of us have ever experienced. We see this as strong support for Proctor's viability." To the suggestion that the study represents only a "50/50″ chance of survival, and that therefore, the theater should be torn down, Ms. Veil responded, "Do not make permanent and irreparable decisions for a national historic property based on the economics of a temporary recession."
The Troy Proctor's Foundation will serve refreshments in front of Proctor's Theatre for the Victorian Stroll on Sunday, December 6 from 11 am to 5 pm. Old fashioned postcards of Proctor's and Troy Proctor's T-shirts will be for sale.
A variety of entertainment has been arranged:
1:30 Excerpts from the Giant Hoax by Kit Goldstein. The musical about the Cardiff giant was recently performed by the Classic Theater Guild at Proctor's in Schenectady.
2:45 Daisy the clown will amuse the crowd.
3:30 Partial Credit, an RPI a cappella musical group will perform.
Please come join us, show your support, and have a bit of fun at the same time!
On Thursday, November fifth, the Troy City Council voted 9-0 in favor of a resolution to support a thorough review of the Troy Proctor's Foundation's plan to restore and operate the historic theater on Fourth Street. While individual members of the council have previously made statements supporting our effort, this is the first time they have acted in concert, and represents a huge milestone in Troy Proctor's efforts!
Councilman John Brown also announced that he is in ongoing discussions with state Assembly Majority Leader Ronald Canestrari, D-Cohoes, about obtaining state assistance in funding the review of the preservation plan. The Troy Proctors Foundation estimates it will take $40,000 to complete the feasibility study.
The wording of the resolution follows:
Resolution in Support of a thorough review of the Troy Proctor's Inc. restoration and business plan
WHEREAS, the City of Troy has been awarded a $4,000,000 grant from the Empire State Development Corporation for the redevelopment of the former Proctor's Theatre; and
WHEREAS, the current redevelopment proposal calls for the demolition of the auditorium space in the theater for the construction of a new office building; and
WHEREAS, the proposal for this project states that the restoration or adaptive reuse of the theater would be cost prohibitive and that a restored theater would not be economically viable; and
WHEREAS, in May of this year, Troy Proctor's Inc., a group of Troy citizens, delivered to the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and subsequently the Troy City Council, a counter proposal for the restoration and management of Proctor's Theatre; and
WHEREAS, the Troy Proctor's Inc. proposal estimates the cost for restoration of the theater to be $15,000,000, a number significantly lower than has been previously projected; and
WHEREAS, due to the historic significance of this Troy landmark and the wide discrepancy between the estimated costs of the two current proposals we believe that a more thorough analysis of the projected restoration costs and future operating costs and revenues is necessary.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Troy City Council supports a review of construction costs for the restoration of Proctor's Theatre and a feasibility study of the Troy Proctor's Inc. business plan for future operation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Export 8 results:
Filters: Author is Allen Maloney [Clear All Filters]
Parallel Performance Measurement of Heterogeneous Parallel Systems with GPUs," International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP'11), Taipei, Taiwan, ACM, September 2011. DOI: 10.1109/ICPP.2011.71 (1.41 MB)"
A Holistic Approach for Performance Measurement and Analysis for Petascale Applications," ICCS 2009 Joint Workshop: Tools for Program Development and Analysis in Computational Science and Software Engineering for Large-Scale Computing, vol. 2009, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009, pp. 686-695, May 2009. (3.96 MB)"
Memory Leak Detection in Fortran Applications using TAU," Proc. DoD HPCMP Users Group Conference (HPCMP-UGC'07), Pittsburgh, PA, IEEE Computer Society, January 2007."
Performance Analysis of GYRO: A Tool Evaluation," In Proceedings of the 2005 SciDAC Conference, San Francisco, CA, June 2005. (172.07 KB)"
Performance Profiling Overhead Compensation for MPI Programs," In Proc. of the 12th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Conference: Springer LNCS, September 2005. (220.26 KB)"
A Scalable Approach to MPI Application Performance Analysis," In Proc. of the 12th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Conference: Springer LNCS, September 2005. (988.58 KB)"
Trace-Based Parallel Performance Overhead Compensation," In Proc. of the International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC), Sorrento (Naples), Italy, September 2005. (306.88 KB)"
Performance Instrumentation and Measurement for Terascale Systems," ICCS 2003 Terascale Workshop, Melbourne, Australia, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, June 2003. DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44864-0_6 (5.36 MB)"


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Following concerns that Apple will struggle to manufacture enough iPhones in the run up to Christmas, it has been claimed that Apple is extending its manufacturing capabilities for the iPhone by signing up another division of Hon Hai Precision (generally known as Foxconn).
Apple currently uses Hon Hai Precision subsidiary Foxconn Technology to build it's iPhones, according to reports is it to sign up another subsidiary of the Hon Hai group known as Foxconn International Holdings.
Foxconn International Holdings is also owned by Hon Hai Precision but as yet hasn't been involved in the manufacture of the iPhone. According to an analyst Apple is to sign up this subsidary, which previously worked with Nokia, Motorola and Sony.
Daiwa Capital Markets forecasts Foxconn International's revenues will jump more than 30% on year in 2013 with the iPhone on board, reports MarketWatch.
Foxconn has a poor record with worker's rights, a recent suicide at one of the Foxconn factories in China was caused by mistreatment, according to the victim's family.
Foxconn workers blamed company security guards for recent unrest at a manufacturing facility in China, claiming that the mass riot was the result of an escalating brawl between assembly line workers and security guards.
Foxconn denies strike, says iPhone 5 production is on track
Suicide at Apple supplier in China caused by mistreatment, says victim's family
10 dead in Foxconn riot, claim denied by Foxconn
Riot at Foxconn factory in China blamed on harsh security guards
Foxconn Chinese factory reopens after mass riot
Mass riot erupts at Foxconn factory in China
Foxconn, Pegatron begin iPad mini mass production, new photos emerge


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Burgon & Ball Kneelo® Knee Pads/Gooseberry (GKN/KPADGOO)
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Our Price £11.99
- Available for delivery anywhere in the mainland UK.
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The Intersalon Directory is a definitive guide to the best 20 Hair & Beauty salons in the Lincolnshire area. The directory has been created to give the salon client a no nonsense view of the counties premier salons, enabling them to get straight to the cream.
We also list those hair salons that provide Intersalon interactive services for thier clients by awarding stars according to thier level of interactivity.
Being powered by Intersalon enables salons to showcase and provide real time access to their full compliment of services and products on-line.
As a client you can be assured that each of the salons listed in the directory has a website that will enable you to book and pay for your appointments online, buy products, sign up for newsletters and even give you direct access to your stylist via the salon forums.
Intersalon sets the benchmark in terms of functionality for any hair salon that wishes to provide an online service to their customers.
Intersalon uses Google Checkout to ensure the safety and security for any customers wishing to purchase hair salon products or service online. To read more about Google Checkout , set-up your account and start shopping using Intersalon visit Google Checkout Buyers Guide
For more information about Intersalon visit www.intersalon.co.uk
Intersalon has two versions, Boutique and Metro.
Both share the same engine and have at their heart the safe working principles of shopping for hair salon products and services online.
Metro provides more in the way of salon-client communication though email or SMS news and the salon community forums and for this reason we award 5 stars to these salons.
Copyright 2008 | Terms & Conditions


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Apparently, singer and actress Cher isn't a big fan of Mitt Romney, the Ryan Budget, and the Republican Party, and she hasn't been shy about making her opinion known this morning in this bizarre Twitter rant. We have no idea what triggered all this, but it's been pretty fun to watch. It all started when Cher tweeted this:
And then came the firestorm of tweets in response. Cher has spent the last hour responding to the huge flood of negative responses. Here are the highlights:
For those of you who are Cher fans, you'll remember that this isn't the first time she's tangled with conservatives. In a 2010 interview on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Cher famously said she thought the Tea Party was "f**king nuts." Here's the clip:


text: Isabel Narvaez, in El Placer, says she is still traumatized by the rape she suffered. The small hamlet in Colombia is just one place where women were victims of violent crimes during the civil conflict. Paul Smith for NPR hide caption toggle caption Paul Smith for NPR Parallels In Colombia, A Town Badly Scarred By Wartime Rape June 9, 2013 Women have made significant gains across Latin America. But sexual violence against women remains a pervasive problem. As part of NPR's series on violence in Latin America, we're looking at the problem in Colombia, where decades of war made women extremely vulnerable. In Colombia, A Town Badly Scarred By Wartime Rape Listen · 5:28 5:28 Toggle more options Download Embed Embed <iframe src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/189522988/190017826" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="NPR embedded audio player"> Transcript


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|Cupertino, Calif.
|High School:
|Mitty/University of Miami Online High
AS A SENIOR IN 2009-2010: Finished the season at 16-12, 3-2 in WCC singles competition ... earned All-WCC Second Team Honors with partner, Brian Brogan ... compiled a ten-match win streak beginning with a 6-2, 6-4 win over Nebraska's David Bendheim on Mar. 6 and ending with a 7-5, 6-4 win over LMU's Boria Malet ... played at No. 1 and No. 2 doubles with Brian Brogan ... earned 16-8 doubles record on the season.
AS A JUNIOR IN 2008-2009: Compiled a 10-11 overall singles record playing primarily at the No. 1 singles position ... went 1-4 in West Coast Conference singles play ... went 7-8 in duals ... competed in the Round of 16 at the Fresno State Bulldog Classic ... went 7-9 overall with doubles partner Kenzo Hirakawa-Wong at No. 1 doubles ... finished with a 2-2 WCC doubles record
AS A SOPHOMORE IN 2007-08: Led team at the No. 1 singles and doubles positions all season ... earned All-WCC Second Team honors ... posted an 12-8 overall singles record ... in the fall reached Round of 8 at the All-American Championships ... at the Fresno State Bulldog Classic reached Round of 32 ... in dual season, was 4-0 at the No. 1 spot matches ... went 11-9 in doubles ... posted a 7-5 record with primary partner Kenzo Hirakawa-Wong ... had a three match win streak ... posted a 2-1 record at WCC Championships.
AS A FRESHMAN IN 2006-07: Had a record-breaking freshman campaign for SCU ... tied school record for wins in a season with 30 ... posted an 18-8 record in dual matches at No. 2 and No. 3 positions ... 9-8 in doubles on the season (9-4 in duals) ... named All-WCC Second Team in singles and honorable mention in doubles ... Doubles: played with four partners, Brian Brogan, Tommy Hicks, Kenzo Hirakawa-Wong and Steven Benvenuto ... played with Brogan at the Bronco Classic, Bulldog Classic and ITA Regionals, posting a 2-3 record ... played one doubles match with Hicks at Aztec Invitational, losing to Souza and Rebazza of Arizona State 8-4 on Jan. 14 ... on Mar. 24 earned doubles win with Benvenuto 8-7 (1) over Hauck and Leonenko of Montana State ...went 8-3 with Brogan in dual matches at No. 3 doubles, winning five out of last six on the season ... on Mar. 31 with Brogan clinched the doubles point with a win over Hayes and Nguyen 8-6 of Harvard ... won both matches at WCC Championships, beating Ozurovich and Sekiguchi of San Diego 8-2 on Apr. 21 and Ozpinar and Zannoni of Saint Mary's on Apr. 22 ... Singles: captured the Bronco Classic Flight "B" title in first collegiate tournament, defeating Chris Rasmussen of Stanford in the finals, 6-2, 6-4 on Oct. 8 ... won all matches at Bronco Classic in straight sets ... won first six collegiate matches before losing in quarterfinals of Bulldog Classic to Matt Ozurovich of San Diego, 6-3, 7-5 ... reached Rd of 16 at ITA Regionals, beating Robert Foy (Cal Poly), Jeff Fitch (Hawaii) and Gabriel Loredo (Sacramento State) before losing to Cal's Pierre Mouillon, who was a top-20 player ... at the Aztec Invitational on Jan. 13, defeated both Robert Sabo of San Diego State 6-1, 7-6 (3) and Arizona State's Murilo Souza 6-1, 6-1 ... on Jan. 20 went 2-0, defeating UC Santa Cruz's Jared Kamel 6-1, 6-1 and UC Davis' Henri Landes 6-0, 6-1 ... landed his 15th win of the season against UC Irvine's Victor Lamm with a three set victory, 3-6, 6-2, 6-4, on Feb. 4 to start a nine-match winning streak that went through Mar. 7 ... on Feb. 9, defeated Arizona State's Wes Miller 6-4, 1-6, 6-3 ... beat Peter Zimmer of Arizona, 7-5, 6-3, on Feb. 10 ... against Hawaii's Derrick Lajola on Feb. 14, delivered another victory, 6-3, 6-3 ... on Feb. 17 earned 20th victory of season against Oregon's Francisco Gallardo 6-3, 6-4 to clinch the match ... in his first appearance at the No. 2 position, beat USF's Falko Huettenberger 6-3, 6-4 on Mar. 7 ... vs. Harvard on Mar. 31 earned a victory at the No. 3 singles position over Dan Nguyen 7-6 (9-7), 7-6 (7-3) to start a six-match winning streak to end the regular season ... on Apr. 4 battled at the No. 3 singles position to defeat Stanford's Blake Muller three sets, 6-1, 6-7 (9-7), 7-6 (9-7) ... on Apr. 5 picked up his 27th victory of the season in a three set match vs. Thong Tu, 4-6, 6-4, 7-5 ... vs. Nevada beat Benjamin David 6-2, 6-1 on Apr. 13 ... finished regular season Apr. 15 with two wins, beating Seth Spector of UCSD, 6-1, 6-2 and Gabriel Loredo of Sac. State 6-2, 6-2 to tie all-time record for wins with 30 ... lost both matches at WCC Championships, falling 6-3, 7-5 to San Diego's Jonas Mouly and 6-3, 6-4 to Achim Christner of Saint Mary's.
HIGH SCHOOL: Attended Archbishop Mitty for two years ... played for coaches Tim Sunderland and Jason Sealese ... attended the Roddick-Moros International Tennis Academy in San Antonio, Texas ... graduated in 2006 from University of Miami Online High School ... named to WCAL All-League team at Mitty ... CCS individual champion in 2004 ... San Jose Mercury News Boy's Tennis Player of the Year in 2004 ... WCAL Champion in 2004 ... Ranked No. 1 in NorCal Boys 16s and 18s ... ranked No. 7 in USTA Boys 16s in 2005, No. 4 in USTA Boys 16s in 2004 and No. 5 in USTA Boys 14s in 2003 ... finalist at Easter Bowl in doubles in Boys 14s and in singles in Boys 14s in 2003 ... finished in the top 200 in the ITF Junior Rankings ... semifinalist at Easter Bowl in Boys 16s in 2005 ... earned first-place finish at the USTA's National Open in the Boys 18s division and a runner-up finish at the NCTA Boys 18s Sectionals ... member of National Honor Society.
PERSONAL: Born in San Jose, Calif. ... parents are Andy and Peggy Lee Wong ... has one sister, Denise ... enjoys basketball, music and cars ... hopes to pursue tennis career after college.
Wong's Career Statistics
|Singles Dual
|Singles Overall
|Doubles Dual
|Doubles Overall


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• BLUE Drink Assembly Station Sign
• Editable coordinating folding labels w/o steps
• Generic (blank) coordinating folding labels
• Customize our printables from the comfort of your own home quickly and easily! You do not need to install any special software or fonts to edit our printables. Adobe Reader is NOT required!
• Customizations must be done on a desktop or laptop computer. Our printables cannot be edited on a mobile devices.
• The editable portions of our printables are highlighted in yellow on the second product image.
• Do you want to try editing one of our printables before buying? Sure you do! Click here to give it a whirl!
If you are feeling like a Master Builder, we offer a wide variety of coordinating LEGO inspired printables. You can choose individual (a la carte) pieces to fit your needs, or purchase one of the discounted package. Either way, you will build a unique and memorable week for your school that is sure to be AWESOME!
Are you ready to become a Master Builder? You will find photos and instructions to assemble and recreate five AWESOME days of activities here.
Please note that no items will be shipped to you. This listing is for a digital file and is intended to be printed on either 8.5×11″ or 12×18" sheets of paper/cardstock depending on the printable. You can print one or one hundred. A link to download your order will be delivered to the email address on file immediately upon purchase.
This file is for personal use only. You may not forward, share, sell or distribute the file. It is for non-commercial use only. Simply Styled Home retains all rights. Colors may vary slightly depending on your screen, paper and printer used.


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The Gingham's Paper Dolls
Here's another precious find - the original Gingham's paper dolls you can print and play with FREE! There's a lot more to it than shown in the preview.
Click here:
If you like it well enough to download, please leave me a comment at the bottom of this post as I have disabled 4shared comments. Please support this blog by shopping my PayPal store. God bless you!Download here. Check out my TERMS OF USE here.The password is jesuschristislord.Digifree CraftCrave CraftCrave


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CHRISTOPHER TACK - Photographer & Tiny House Dweller
Christopher has become known as the Tiny House Photographer, due to his ability to capture the beauty in smaller spaces. Christopher also enjoys photographing nature, weddings as well as special events. You can check out Christopher's website to see more of his gift to capture beauty in all that he photographs.
MALISSA TACK - 3D Artist & Tiny House Dweller
Malissa has a passion for designing functional smaller spaces in 3D. She works as a freelance 3D Artist in the greater Seattle area, and focuses her work on building smaller and smarter. Since designing and building her tiny house, she has inspired other in making their dreams a reality.


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Secluded Camping near Irion County, Texas
Nadan Han: "This place is amazing very clean and secluded! I love how the grocery store was literally 5 minutes away for our quick needs. Most activities were close by within driving distance too."
Janet McKee: "We had a fantastic time in our tiny house. It was peaceful and secluded, yet it was close to many activities and attractions. We loved being able to sit outside at night and enjoy the stars and eat our breakfast outside as well. We were cozy, as with 4 of us we had to leave our suitcases in the car, but that was OK. The only suggestions I would offer would be to have a few extra towels and washclothes. There were 4 of us and we only had 3 towels, luckily we had a few extras in our car. I would also recommend a fitted sheet for the futon when it is used for sleeping. We loved our tiny house experience and would gladly do it again and would recommend to others!"
Cheryl Owczarzak: "Our experience was wonderful. We were looking to get away and really unplug and that was exactly what we got. Not internet, no crowds, not rushing. It was great! We were there midweek and had the camp virtually to ourselves. The staff was so accommodating. They helped us with whatever we needed and then some. We can't wait to find time to go back again."Show More
Ooops! there are no results for your queryTry with other city, county, country or change the dates
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NBC News: Defiant NRA Is Defiant
NBC News just can't understand how someone can be so defiantly defiant when the need for gun control has never been more obvious.
Speaking as objective journalists, that is:
National Rifle Association CEO Wayne LaPierre defiantly blamed violent video games and movies, the media, gun-free zones in schools and other factors during the organization's first public statement following the elementary school shooting in Newtown, Conn. last week.
"The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun," he said, asking Congress to immediately appropriate the money to put a police officer in every single school in the country.
The NRA executive's statement was nothing short of defiant in the face of mounting discussion of the need for tighter restrictions on guns — including renewing a ban on assault weapons — in the wake of last week's shooting.
Given that these mass shootings so often happen in "gun free zones," where shooters know they are less likely to encounter armed resistance, why do leftists so defiantly support the same gun-free zones?
I find their defiance puzzling. Journalistically speaking.
Consider this an open thread. It's annoying that we have to have this discussion, but apparently we do. The "government must solve everything by doing the stupid thing that sounds good" crowd demands it.
And they are obviously the ones in charge these days…


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3 eggs, seperated
3/4 of a stick butter
8 ounces bittersweet chocolate (no more than 60%)
cream, whipped
Melt chocolate and butter together.
Whisk egg yolks until thick and pale in color.
Whisk whites until soft peak.
Whisk cream.
Fold in the yolks to the chocolate mixture.
Fold in the whites.
Fold in the whipped cream.
The amount of cream used depends on how chocolaty you want your mousse. (also makes it lighter in texture, but of course the more you add, the more calories you are adding, too.)


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So I need a button that can call a (non-static) function outside of it, but it also needs to be able to override the "OnClick" method of System::Windows::Forms::Button... ideas?
In JAVA I know I'd use either an "interface" or a class within a fake class hack workaround.
Thank you guys in advance so very much.


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– Former WWE Diva Beth Phoenix posted the following cryptic tweet on Monday. It's possible she was referring to the charity basketball game that she will be playing in this weekend:
"I spent more than half of my life chasing down my dream. I caught it! I have another dream to chase now."
– Regarding the most recent Tammy "Sunny" Sytch arrest, PWInsider reports that one person close to the situation notes that Sytch was x-rayed at the local hospital but did not have broken ribs. However, it was said that Tammy's fiance Damien Darling was hit in the head with a hammer.
– Tonight's WWE SmackDown tapings will take place from the Valley View Casino in San Diego, California. No special appearances are advertised for tonight. It's interesting to note that even Rey Mysterio is not advertised for tonight. No matches have been announced for SmackDown but Booker T will be making an announcement on the World Heavyweight Title. For tonight's Main Event tapings, WWE will kick off the Intercontinental Cup.
Possible WWE Release Revealed, Recent Pics of Beth Phoenix Posing, More…


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U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
Company Officials Used Racially and Ethnically Offensive Terms, Treated Minorities Less Favorably and Discharged Them for Complaining, Federal Agency Charges
LOS ANGELES — Scully Distribution Services and Ryder System, Inc., the company which purchased Scully, engaged in pervasive and wide-ranging discrimination, harassment and retaliation against a class of the companies' non-white employees, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) announced in a lawsuit filed today. Scully Distribution Services, which provides trucking services, is headquartered in Fontana, Calif., and the discrimination took place throughout its operations in Northern and Southern California.
According to the EEOC, since at least 2003, Scully management officials frequently referred to black drivers as "n----rs," East Indian drivers as "Taliban" and "camel jockey," and a Latino manager as "spic." In addition, EEOC alleges that non-white drivers were often treated less favorably than white drivers with respect to certain terms and conditions of their employment, including the types of driving runs they were assigned. Workers who reported the disparity and harassment were met with retaliatory terminations. In February 2011, Miami-based Ryder System assumed ownership of the enterprise. EEOC argues that Ryder is also liable for the discrimination at issue in the case as a successor corporation.
The EEOC filed its lawsuit in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Eastern Division (EEOC v. Scully Distribution Services, Inc. and Ryder System, Inc., Case No. CV11-8090 CAS (SPx)), after first attempting to reach a pre-litigation settlement. The EEOC's suit seeks compensatory and punitive damages for the class, back pay for victims of retaliatory discharge, and injunctive relief intended to eliminate and prevent the discrimination that permeated the working environment.
"National origin discrimination is a persistent problem in our district, and race discrimination is no less serious," said Anna Y. Park, regional attorney for the EEOC's Los Angeles District Office. "The EEOC will vigorously enforce the laws prohibiting this type of illegal treatment."
"Employers must implement procedures and train staff to protect workers from discrimination, harassment and retaliation," said Olophius Perry, district director for the EEOC's Los Angeles District Office. "By sending a strong anti-discrimination message from the start, employers can expect a more productive and harmonious working environment and avoid potential liability."
According to its website, Scully Distribution Services provided contract carriage services to customers in eleven western states with over 50 operations in California, Washington, Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, Arizona, and New Mexico. Ryder System, Inc. is a Fortune 500 provider of transportation, logistics and supply chain management solutions throughout North America, Mexico, Europe and Asia.
The EEOC enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the EEOC is available on its web site at www.eeoc.gov.


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Ron Paul's campaign has been telling the media for months that his campaign is about out-organizing the competition, about electing delegates at state GOP conventions, and moving Paul-aligned people into the local power-structures of the GOP.
And it is working. According to the Christian Science Monitor, over the weekend, Ron Paul's people absolutely swept through the state conventions in Maine and Nevada.
Paul won a majority of contested delegates in Maine. And he took 22 more delegates in Nevada, compared to 3 for Romney.
And Paul has already done it in Massachusetts and Alaska too.
So what does it mean?
Mathematically, Paul can't organize enough delegates to overtake the ones that are assigned to vote for Romney.
But he can gain enough clout within the party that he can force votes on his issues in meetings to determine the GOP platform. And his supporters could force a floor vote that will make the Republican convention look much more divided and contentious than the Democratic one.
He's already setting himself up to take the second most-delegates to the Tampa convention (ahead of Santorum who out-polled him in most states). And that may guarantee him a prime-time speech.
But the real question is what do all these Paul-aligned people do the rest of this year and in the future, now that they are part of their local Republican party?
Paul's campaign has injected a serious shot of libertarianism into the GOP bloodstream.


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Check out our gift guides and special features to find the exactly the right present for the most special golfers in your life!
The season of giving is upon us. With all that giving, you're sure to be receiving too. And who are we kidding? It sure is nice to receive, isn't it? It's OK, we're all (Facebook) friends here -- you can admit it.
With the holiday season in full swing, it seemed fitting for this week's, 'A Quick Nine,' feature that we ask our PGA.com Facebook fans: What golf item are you asking/hoping for this holiday season?
The results? You're all asking for a lot! And, if you get any of it, you're spoiled rotten!
We received loads and loads of feedback and based on the comments, it appears all of you were very, very good this year.
Happy holidays! Here's what you told us you're hoping/asking for:
1. A new driver. Apparently a lot of people are still looking for more distance, as drivers were the most popular request we saw this week.
Facebook fan quotes:
"Titleist 910 D2 with rip shaft stiff." -- Marco Leoni
"Nike Machspeed Driver!!" -- Ron Garcia
"Titleist 910 driver." -- Jr Samms
"Titliest 910 d2." -- Austin Speedbump Smith
2. New irons. Playing with new irons are so much fun. For most of us, irons are the least-changed piece of equipment. Irons don't get changed out nearly as much as drivers, putters and wedges.
Facebook fan quotes:
"I'm wishing for a new set of Taylor-Made irons." -- Calvin Graham
"New Mizuno blades." -- Ben Martinez
"Already ordered my Burner 2.0 irons." -- Peter Tomlinson
"The new Nike Pro Combo irons." -- Chris Andres
3. A golf-related gift certificate. You really can't miss with a gift certificate. It's the perfect gift for someone who loves golf, but you're not sure exactly what it is they need or want.
Facebook fan quotes:
"A gift certificate for a round of golf." -- Sarah Gorospe
"A gift certificate for a new putter." -- Dorothee Leneutre
4. A new swing. If only it were that easy! But, a slate of lessons with your local PGA Professional will go a long way toward correcting those flaws.
Facebook fan quotes:
"A better swing." -- Elie Salem
"To appear on an upcoming season of "The Haney Project." -- Blaine Meller
"Consistency." -- Will Johnson
"Lessons!!!!" -- Mari Crispano Meli
"A year's worth of lessons, and a new swing!" -- Jan Lorah
5. New putter. If you're like me, you have a love-hate relationship with your putter... or putters. I swear, I have a rotation of about five and it still isn't enough. I choose whichever one I'm in the mood for that day. Problem is, whichever putter that is usually isn't in the mood for me.
Facebook fan quotes:
"Scotty Cameron Circa 62." -- Ryan Belcher
"Anything from Scotty Cameron. New balls and irons can wait until Spring." -- Scott Holcombe
"A Scotty Cameron Del Mar 'heavy' Limited Edition would be great. I'd love to have a black Scotty putter and this is the only one offered to the general public." -- Gary L. Brumley
"Ontic Golf M-Pulse putter w-tri weight gold." -- Gary Templar
"Taylor-Made Ghost putter (bit early though as already have it)." -- Luke Stannard
"Odyssey Black Series Tour Design 2-Ball Blade 34" shaft." -- Ernest Craig Thomas
"A putter that never misses the hole. I'd pay $100k for that Santa." -- Kirk Oguri
6. New wedges. These are high on my wish list too. While drivers are nice, the truth is, the only way to lower your scores is to improve your short game. Fresh grooves certainly help in this area.
Facebook fan quotes:
"New Titleist Vokey 52 degree wedge." -- Jordan Sosby
"An 'undented' 60 degree wedge." -- Pam Denning-Levengood
"Wedge packages with a 54, 56, and 60 degree lofts by both Titleist or Callaway for left-handers; being a left-handed golfer stinks when it comes to equipment. Very limited!" -- Dan Hubbell
"Titleist Vokey Wedges. 58* and 62* with conforming grooves." -- Dustin Alcorn
7. A Range finder/GPS. If you've never played with one of these devices, you need to. Not only are they deadly accurate, they also speed up the pace of play. No longer do you have to find sprinkler-heads to guess the yardage. Range finder and GPS devices are as precise as you can find.
Facebook fan quotes:
"Range finder." --Bryan Henson
"Sky Caddie SGX." -- Mark Hetherington
"A Callaway UPro would be ideal for me!!" -- Derron Gsabrell Wasp
"Bushnell laser guided distance finder thingamajig." -- Noel Javate
"Garmin S1 GPS Watch! I am hoping Santa will have one under the tree for me!" -- Julie King
8. New golf shoes. We all know that golf buddy who has that horrendous pair of beat up shoes. Today's shoes are so much cooler and so much more comfortable. Hook your golf buddy up, will ya?
Facebook fan quotes:
"I would really love to have a pair of golf shoes that don't hurt my feet and don't cost a fortune! Looking for 6 1/2 wide." -- Shari Estes
"I need some awesome shoes." -- Howard Artrip
"TRUE linkswear shoes. I must have these shoes." -- Adam Tychostup
"A pair of Foot-Joy shoes." -- Christer Stolpen
"Just a Pair of Foot-Joy Golf Shoes is all! Thanks!" -- Michael Girke
"A shiny new pair of Foot-Joys please." -- Stewart Charlesworth
9. Some golf-like weather. Not sure whether or not Santa can control this, but if he can, really, there would be nothing better for those of us bracing for a long, cold winter.
Facebook fan quotes:
"Living in New Hampshire, an early spring is on my wish list!" -- Wayne Robinson
"Warm weather, sunshine, and good health please." -- Kevin Maiers
"Good weather... 65 sunny and no wind!" -- Jason White
"Warm weather (i.e., no snow or rain) and time off from work so I can actually get out & play!!!" -- John Bright


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Earth : Europe : Iberia : Portugal : South Central Portugal : Lisbon Region : Estoril Coast : Sintra
Sintra is both a town and a municipality in the Lisbon Coast/aka Estoril Coast region of Portugal. Its spectacular setting, 28km from Lisbon, houses a Royal Palace, used by generations of Portuguese royalty prior to the 1910 revolution. The surrounding hills are surmounted by the remains of the Moorish Castle and by the nineteenth-century Pena Palace. Historic Sintra is an heritage patrimony site declared by UNESCO. The Estoril coast is often considered to be part of the Lisbon coast, which includes Cascais, Lisbon, Sintra, and other nearby municipalities.
Near Estoril, the majestic Sintra Mountains cast a veil of mystery over the town nestling on its northern slopes. The hills and the surrounding area have been classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage site both for their cultural significance and for their outstanding natural beauty.
Get in
By train
Sintra rail station may be reached by CP services from several Lisbon stations, including Santa Apolónia, Oriente, Campolide and Rossio. The town is a 10 minute walk from the station. Alternatively, a bus to the center can be caught from the bus stop opposite the station.
It should cost around €4.10 return. Tell the machine that you want a ticket for two trips; you will need one for the outward and one for the return journey. Remember to validate your ticket by touching it to the checkpoint before boarding the return train. Keep the used ticket, as you can re-charge it for other trips in and around Lisbon. For more information, contact:
By tram
The historic 14km tram route from Praia das Maçãs, mainland Europe's most westerly holiday resort, terminates about 1km from Sintra town centre, at Ribeira de Sintra, which is located about 1km down the hill past the Hotel Tivoli, near the Royal Palace. The service is operated by restored trams dating from the early 20th century; operates F-Su 9:30AM-7:30PM; trams run hourly taking 45 minutes for the journey. The tram line is fully operational after being shut for 2 years (2011-2012) after extensive damage was caused when the overhead cables were stolen. [9]
By Bicycle
Cycling in Sintra can be an interesting day out for those who are fit and have some experience.
If staying in Sintra and around a local company is a good option for you.
In case you are visiting Sintra then your best bet is to book a tour or rent a bike e.g. in Lisbon, take the commuters train from Rossio station to explore Sintra and/or the Nature Reserve finishing in Cascais, a beautiful day trip on a bicycle, in the end take a train back to Cais do Sodre station in Lisbon where you may drop back your bicycle. Adult return ticket is around 3 or 4 Euros and bicycles travel for free every day of the week.
Companies operating from Lisbon include Bike Iberia (Phone: +351 96 242 3455, [10]) located in Lisbon Downtown right off the train station of Cais Sodre.
Cycling-Rentals (Phone: +351 212 424 604, [11]) is a Sintra based company that offers all types of rental bicycles as well as guided and self guided road or mountain bike Day Trips in the the Sintra area. They will also deliver a hire bike to your hotel anywhere in the Lisbon / Sintra area. Their shop is located just outside the historical center of Sintra.
Get around
The best bet is to take the bus around town and walk from the bus stops to the attractions. Parking is abysmal and on a holiday weekend Sintra can be absolutely packed with cars and people. If you must drive to Sintra, park in one of the several parking lots below the town center and walk up into town.
Once you are in town you can take the circular 434 bus route (train station - Sintra town - Castelo dos Mouros - Palácio da Pena - train station). Tickets are €5 and can be purchased from the bus driver, there are buses every 15 minutes and the bus loop is only in the direction stated above [12]. It should be noted that this bus can become very full and there is no guarantee that you will be able to fit on or that it will run on time. If you choose to walk be warned that the trek to Palácio da Pena and the Castelo dos Mouros can be a daunting, steep up-hill, one-hour climb from the city center. If you feel fit, though, the beautiful woodlands and the stunning view from the top are generous rewards for your troubles.
There is also a walking trail through the woods to the Moorish castle that starts above the Sintra city center at the wooden turnstile on the Rampa do Castelo; better bring a map (free from tourist information at the train station) or ask for directions as the entrance to this trail is well hidden. Once you have made the journey to the castle, it's only few more minutes walk up the hill on the main road to the Palácio. The walk to Monserrate from the Sintra town center is still approximately one hour but is less strenuous. Also note that the "Linha Monserrate" that picks up passengers in front of the Palácio Nacional de Sintra is only a "sight-seeing" bus, it does not deliver you to Monserrate.
To get to Cabo da Roca (Cape Roca), the westernmost point of mainland Europe, take the Scotturb 403 bus (Direction = Cascais). The journey takes about 40 minutes.
From Sintra train station at the same stop as the bus for Pena is the bus 435, called the Villa Express, which will take you all the way to the main entrance of Monserrate Palace and Garden via the palaces of Regaleira and Seteais for a return fare of about 4 euros. The journey is about 15-20 minutes. Monserrate is a magical garden with beautiful Palace, well worth visiting, it has a small tea house/cafe (drinks, cakes, snacks but no proper lunches). http://www.parquesdesintra.pt/en/index.aspx?p=parksIndex&MenuId=9&Menu0Id=9
Souvenirs and Porto wine are all on sale in the Sintra historic district. There are a number of shops that sell standard tourist items (post cards, t-shirts, etc.) and a number of shops that sell ceramics, pieces of art and hand crafts. If you are looking for gifts for friends and family, Sintra has a broad selection of items to choose from.
To get something truly unique and local, consider cork products that range from wallets to umbrellas. These original products wear like leather and are environmentally sound, as well as attractive.


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Compare cheap flights to Atlanta, GA
When is the cheapest time to fly to Atlanta, GA?
What to do in Atlanta
Atlanta is the biggest and capital city of Georgia in the US. It's one of the top destinations of the country for its stunning attractions, flare for culture, and southern lifestyle. From museums and architecture to sports and kid-friendly spots, Atlanta is a fantastic destination for all travellers.
Start your Atlanta adventure at Centennial Park, where most of the attractions are. You might have heard of a brand called Coca-Cola. Discover more about this giant and visit the fascinating World of Coca-Cola.
Another household name and popular tourist spot you can't miss is the CNN Centre and Studio Tour. Get a behind the scenes look of what it takes to run one of the world's leading news sources.
Bring your family to the impressive Georgia Aquarium. It's the world's largest aquarium by water volume, but if that's not convincing enough, then you should know that you can swim with the massive whale shark! Don't forget to bond with the family at Legoland Discovery Center Atlanta and Zoo Atlanta in Grant Park.
If you travel for culture, you can retrace history at the Martin Luther King, Jr National Historic Site and Atlanta Cyclorama. There's also the Fernbank Museum of Natural History and Michael C Carlos Museum. If you love art, check out the High Museum of Art and Atlanta Contemporary Art Centre.
Watch the Atlanta Ballet at the Fox Theatre, the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, Broadway in Atlanta and many more. But if you're a sports fan, catch a baseball at Turner Field or football game at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium.
See what other things you can do in Atlanta and start packing your bags now.
When to visit Atlanta
The best time to visit Atlanta is from late May to August, when you can enjoy lots of events in the city and the best weather too. For cooler temperatures, schedule your trip for spring (April-May) or autumn (September-November). To save more money, plan your trip for winter (December-March) for cheaper hotels and book your flights for October to March which are the cheapest times to fly to Atlanta.
Australians can fly to the US and visit Atlanta for up to 90 days after securing your Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (ESTA). Check out Smartraveller for more info.
Travelling to and around Atlanta
Your flight is bound for Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, where you can ride a shuttle, hotel shuttle, bus, train, taxi, and limo to reach the city. Travel around Atlanta by foot, taxi, bus, and train.
So what are you waiting for? Get your passport ready and book your Atlanta flights with Skiddoo today!
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Vacation Overview
Want to hit all the main sights in a short amount of time? The Western Rocker does just that - experience the amazing food & culture of Italy the breathtaking views of the Swiss Alps & the elegance of the 'City of Lights', Paris, in a little over a week. With loads to two night stops & awesome inclusions, this trip ticks all the boxes!
Vacation Itinerary
Vacation Day 1 - Arrive Rome
Meet up with your 18-35 team & get to know your fellow 18-35 travellers over dinner. Hotel (D)
Vacation Day 2 - Rome to Florence
Today we'll be passing Umbria's rustic hills and many vineyards. Travel past the iconic cypress trees of this olive oil producing region, to the Renaissance city of Florence. Hostel (B,D)
Vacation Day 3 - Florence
Jump start the day uncovering this open-air museum and its UNESCO World Heritage city centre. Our Local Guide gives you the inside track as the group learns about Florence's cultural beginnings and explores streets crammed with artworks from masters like Michelangelo. Then take a look into a skillful demonstration of Florentine leather making and understand this region's traditional art. With bargains and bustle, the city's markets are a great place to hang out. Grab a gelato and enjoy this gorgeous city. Tonight, there's a choice of a group dinner - an authentic Tuscan feast. Try regional dishes in the heart of Florence. Then keep it moving with a night out and get your groove on at Florence's biggest club. Hostel (B)
Vacation Day 4 - Florence to Swiss Alps
En route north, stop by Pisa and get up close to the famous Leaning Tower. Later, catch a glimpse of stunning Lake Como as we make our way into the massive Swiss Alps and head to the jaw-droppingly beautiful Alpine town of Lucerne. With covered wooden bridges, cobbled lanes and quaint buildings, Lucerne's centre is perfect to explore on foot. Also to stock up on lots of genuine Swiss chocolate! Your Trip Manager can give you pointers on where to pick up the best-priced watches that Switzerland is so famous for. Hotel (D,B)
Vacation Day 5 - Swiss Alps
It's a change of pace amongst Switzerland's massive picture perfect Alps. Opt to visit up one of the areas famous mountains while you're here, considered a must-do when you're in the area, it's the place to head up to for some seriously spine-tingling views. Hotel (D,B)
Vacation Day 6 - Swiss Alps to Paris
With down-time on the coach, plug in your MP3, chill out to some music and chat with friends while travelling through the scenic wine producing region of Burgundy. Tonight, the group kick starts Paris with the "Paris by Night", which shows off the French capital's transformation into the 'City of Lights'. Lamp-lit bridges and cool little cafes give us a real taste of Paris' romance. Your Trip Manager will fill you in on the world's most recognised monuments, like the Arc de Triomphe and Eiffel Tower. Hotel (D,B)
Vacation Day 7 - Paris
Next up: Fragonard! This perfumery has an elegant interior and is a unique setting for a look into the history of perfume. It's also a chance to pick up some French perfume at great prices. This town is loaded with possibilities. Discover its many bistros, museums, tree-lined avenues and diverse quartiers (neighbourhoods). Get a feel for French flair by window shopping on the Left Bank. Step into the Notre Dame or explore the endless galleries of the Louvre, where you can get up close to the famous Mona Lisa. In your free time, try indulging in some delicious pastries and relax in one of Paris' many cafes Tonight is the last night with your friends, so make it special. Treat yourself to the full Parisian night out, starting with an optional dinner in an atmospheric restaurant. Then sign up for an authentic cabaret experience, complete with can-can girls, dinner and Champagne. But don't stop there – afterwards hit the clubs and finish up your travels with a big Parisian night out. Hotel (B)
Vacation Day 8 - Depart Paris
This morning after breakfast we transfer you to Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (estimated arrival 10:00am) where your trip ends. Or choose to take a complimentary transfer to central London & extend your stay. (B)
Vacation Prices
No Dates Available!
*prices are not guaranteed until time of booking
All of this & more, included as standard on your trip.
- 7 nights accommodation: 5 nights in hostels, 2 nights in hotel upgrade
- Modern, air-conditioned coach with powerpoints for charging
- Hotel tips, local taxes & service charges
- An experienced & professional Trip Manager & Driver team
- Sightseeing tours of all major cities plus orientations in all other destinations
- 12 meals included in Food Fund:
- 7 breakfasts
- 5 dinners
- 6 World heritage sites visited
Discover the Secrets of Michelangelo's Florence – see where his David was gifted to the Florentines, Ponte Vecchio, the Medici Palace & much more on our locally guided walking tour of Florence
See the Duomo, Basilica Santa Croce, Giotto's Bell Tower, the Baptistry & Piazza della Signoria
- 6 World heritage sites visited
A $200 Non-Refundable Deposit is Required to Book.
You are booking a shared room


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