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LADY CHEBUCTO is a unique offering. She was built for the Canadian government as a fisheries patrol vessel with a duty range that included the Arctic Circle. She remained in active service through 1998. A significant refit was completed in 1988 which addressed every area of the vessel excepting the Fairbanks Morse main engines, which were later overhauled in 1997. During the 1988 refit, the deckhouse and superstructure were removed and replaced, the entire vessel was rewired and three new Cat generators were installed, all asbestos was removed and all coatings were replaced upon clean steel.
She would serve very well as a research vessel with few, if any modifications.
As a "shadow" or support vessel, LADY CHEBUCTO may require some deck modifications to create additional helicopter and/or small yacht storage space.
She is a very suitable candidate for yacht conversion. Preliminary conversion studies were conducted on site by Tom Fexas Associates with the conclusion that the current stability profile would support a much larger superstructure. In addition, it is expected that the propulsion system is sufficiently reliable to provide decades of servicce. The electrical and generator system was replaced in 1988 and offers appropriate reserve capacity for a conversion scenario.
Of specific importance is the vessel's speed capability: in keeping with her original design brief, she was charged with enforcement of fisheries regulations. Her logs note 550 successful interdictions. She has operated at sustained speeds of 17.5 knots while still maintaining suitable reserve power.
Maintenance currently underway includes the painting of decks and deckhouse. Vessel was last dry-docked in Spring of 2008, bottom coatings were renewed. Her owner currently lives aboard.
For complete details please contact Central Agent Brian Commette at Northrop and Johnson, Newport office, (401) 848-5500, Cell (401) 965-5226. To receive more information by email: firstname.lastname@example.com
For over 50 years Northrop and Johnson has provided our clients with timely, accurate information to help them acquire the right yacht. This service requires professional, experienced brokers and cannot be solely derived from the Internet. To view other Northrop and Johnson listings, please visit our website: http://www.northropandjohnson.com/ .
Displacement: 750 tons
Total Power: 2560
Fuel: 33000 Imp. gal.
Fresh Water: 15000 Imp. gal.
LADY CHEBUCTO is currently outfitted with sixteen single cabins and three double cabins, six of which include ensuite head and shower. Additional spaces include a gymnasium, radio room, laundry room, ship's office, engineer's office, crew mess, dining saloon, machine shop, pump room and recreation room. Storage spaces are generous and include bosun's store, forepeak, paint store, galley store and engine spares locker.
The galley was replaced in 1987: all surfaces are clad with stainless, all appliances are of commercial grade and are also finished in stainless. Freezers and coolers are walk-in size. Separate bakery / pantry is also finished in stainless.
Cabin furnishings are in Formica, soles are vinyl tile and cabin bulkheads are fire-resistant SIP's. Some passageways and common spaces have been upgraded with ceramic flooring. It is important to note that the entire deck structure was removed and replaced during the refit of 1987/88 with the result that galley and accommodation spaces have only been in service since 1989.
Two Fairbanks Morse 2250 HP mains: overhauls in 1998 - approx. 1500 hrs. SMOH.
Single variable-pitch prop immediately forward of keel-hung rudder. Marine gear allows operation of one or both mains.
Performance: 16 knots @ 750 RPM burns approx. 55 gph w/ both mains and one genset.
Four full engine controls: Engine room, bridge and dual wings.
Sound insulated control room.
Engine spares inventory would allow 1.5 overhauls (valued in excess of $200,000.)
Three Caterpillar 215 KW generators: 440V / 60 hz. / 3 phase
Generators #1 and #2, mounted in engine room: generator # 3 in separate quiet room.
Siemens generator control panels with load-sensing, auto stand-by and auto-start features.
All ship's wiring, panels, receptacles & fixtures replaced in 1987/88.
Tankage: Fuel – 33,000 Imp. GallonsWater – 15,000 Imp. gallons
All fuel and water tanks double-bottomed.
LADY CHEBUCTO was built to Canadian Shipping Act (C.S.A.) standards, which are easily equivalent to those of Lloyds. Annual inspections were conducted by Ship Safety Branch of Transport Canada with the specification that vessel condition must meet or exceed CSA standards.
The comprehensive 1987/88 refit was performed in Ontario, Canada. The vessel was stripped down to hull and engines, all asbestos was scrupulously removed and the following replaced:
Aluminum deckhouse and superstructure replaced entirely.
Comprehensive re-wiring
Installation of Siemens power management control panels with three Caterpillar 215KW generators
Engine controls replaced to four stations with Prime Moving Controls
All piping and valves replaced, new sea chests
Stainless galley installed with walk-in cooler and freezer
All accommodations redesigned and replaced
All tankage cleaned, dried and recoated as needed.
Cost of this overhaul was in excess of $6,000,000.
Lady Chebucto is in commission, her owner lives aboard and observes a conscientious maintenance program. She is a unique offering for a number of reasons:
Proven operation in ice-prone, Arctic waters
Exceptional range at speed
Minimal hours on Fairbanks Morse main engines SMOH, engines still in production
Recent drydock period for Cathelco 2000 antifoul and corrosion protection system
Asbestos free
Comprehensive spares inventory
Ship's plans and drawings organized, stored and available
As a conversion candidate into an expedition style yacht, she offers a handsome hull form with intact, high-value propulsion and generation plants.
Inquiries and offers encouraged.
The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.
5 Marina Plaza
Newport, RI 02840
United States


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The Lives of Great Religious Books is a series offering fascinating histories of important religious texts from around the world. These short volumes are written for general readers and examine the historical origins of texts from the great religious traditions, and trace how their reception, interpretation, and influence have changed–often radically–over time. For "Two for Tuesday" we highlight two new books published in the series and invite you to read their introductions online.
The Book of Common Prayer: A Biography
by Alan Jacobs
While many of us are familiar with such famous words as, "Dearly beloved, we are gathered together here. . ." or "Ashes to ashes, dust to dust," we may not know that they originated with The Book of Common Prayer, which first appeared in 1549. Like the words of the King James Bible and Shakespeare, the language of this prayer book has saturated English culture and letters. Here Alan Jacobs tells its story. Jacobs shows how The Book of Common Prayer–from its beginnings as a means of social and political control in the England of Henry VIII to its worldwide presence today–became a venerable work whose cadences express the heart of religious life for many.
Alan Jacobs is Distinguished Professor of the Humanities in the Honors Program at Baylor University.
Read the introduction online: http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i10076.pdf
The Book of Job: A Biography
by Mark Larrimore
The book of Job raises stark questions about the nature and meaning of innocent suffering and the relationship of the human to the divine, yet it is also one of the Bible's most obscure and paradoxical books, one that defies interpretation even today. Mark Larrimore provides a panoramic history of this remarkable book, traversing centuries and traditions to examine how Job's trials and his challenge to God have been used and understood in diverse contexts, from commentary and liturgy to philosophy and art. Offering rare insights into this iconic and enduring book, Larrimore reveals how Job has come to be viewed as the Bible's answer to the problem of evil and the perennial question of why a God who supposedly loves justice permits bad things to happen to good people.
Mark Larrimore directs the Religious Studies Program at Eugene Lang College The New School for Liberal Arts.
Read the introduction online: http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i10075.pdf
For more books in the Lives of Great Religious Books series, visit:

subset: commoncrawl


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A Stow Municipal Court judge on Monday set bail at $1 million cash for a Twinsburg man charged with aggravated murder in the stabbing death of his wife, Tami Wong, 46, at their Abrams Drive home Sunday, according to the Summit County Sheriff's Office.
Glenn Wong, 50, was arrested at his 3138 Abrams Drive home without incident Sunday and arraigned by video from Summit County Jail in Stow Municipal Court on Monday, when he pleaded not guilty to the aggravated murder charge. Judge Lisa Coates set bail at $1 million cash following his plea. Wong remains in custody at the jail.
The case will likely be bound over to Summit County Court of Common Pleas, where Wong will be arraigned for a second time in that court, according to Twinsburg Law Director David Maistros. A preliminary bindover hearing had not yet been set as of press time.
During his arraignment, Wong said he can afford an attorney, and that he does not currently have one.
"He has some assets, and he does not have a prior record," Maistros said. "If he is to post bail, the judge (mandated) that he must turn in his passport and wear a GPS monitor around his ankle. I think the court did a nice job in ensuring (Wong) will be around for trial."
Tami Wong was found stabbed multiple times in a first-floor bedroom just after 7 a.m., according to Twinsburg police. Twinsburg EMS transported her to the Cleveland Clinic Family Health and Surgery Center, where she later died.
Two children, a son, 8, and daughter, 10, the latter of whom called 911, were in the home at the time of the stabbing and were uninjured, Twinsburg police said. The children are staying with a relative, Twinsburg Lt. Michael Nakata said.
"Our hearts go out to these two children," said Police Chief Chris Noga on Monday. "No child should ever have to endure this kind of tragedy and we ask our community to keep them in their thoughts and prayers."
Officers responded first to a domestic violence 911 call at 7:06 a.m. from the daughter, and a second call came from the daughter, also a 911 call, at 7:10 a.m., while officers were en route.
In a harrowing 911 audio transcript released by the Twinsburg Police Department Monday, screams can be heard initially in the background as the daughter says to the Twinsburg dispatcher, " ... excuse me, excuse me, ... My Dad is murdering my Mom ... I really don't know what's happening."
And then at 1:54 minutes into the 911 call: "Hospital! Ambulance! The police! I'm telling you, the police!"
Glenn Wong was also transported to the Twinsburg Cleveland Clinic with non-life threatening injuries, police said.
Watch www.twinsburgbulletin.com for updates to this story.
Contact this writer at 330-541-9424 or email@example.com


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Recipe: studydowngradefragmentgrailc
Label: Return to the Fundamentals
Start Description: Sometimes, I might need to return to a more basic understanding of a particular piece of lore. [This will split the lore into two lower-level fragments. You can recombine it later, but that won't be as easy as splitting it.]
Description: Analysis is a kind of vivisection. Reason is the knife.
Action: study
Table Requirements: None
Extant Requirements: None
Aspects: 1
Mutation Effects: None
Alternative Recipes: Nothing
Linked Recipes: Nothing
From Recipes: Nothing
Slots: None
Warmup: 60
Maximum Executions: 0
Deck Effect: None
Internal Deck: None
Ending Flag: None
Signal Ending Flavour: None
Portal Effect: none
Craftable? Yes
Hint Only? No
Signal Important Loop? No
Comments: This doesn't participate in the research cycle - it's one-and-done.


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[Zamora, Spain; April 1. Image via Getty]
ZAMORA, SPAIN - APRIL 01: A Penitent of the Cofradia de Jesus del Via Crucis walks the streets during a Holy Week procession on April 1, 2010 in Zamora, Spain. Easter week is celebrated with processions in most Spanish towns. (Photo by Jasper Juinen/Getty Images)


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- Width
- 12.0 in 305.0 mm
- Capacity
- 4.6 ft³ 130.0 l
- Weight
- 295.4 lb 134.0 kg
High-Capacity Buckets for Cat® Backhoe Loaders are well suited for work in lower density soils and light materials.
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text:
Michael Vick made waves last week when he explained he wasn't in an open competition with Geno Smith for the New York Jets' starting quarterback job.
It didn't take long into his Wednesday media availability for Jets coach Rex Ryan to get asked about the comments of his veteran quarterback.
"I think there is competition. There's no doubt," he said. "As a coach, you love it, because it's great having competition, and obviously you compete in this league with everybody. But when you have competition in your own room, that's what brings out the best in everybody. And it's an ideal situation for a coach."
Jets general manager John Idzik has built an organizational mantra around competition for all roles. Ryan continued to stand behind that company line on Wednesday.
"It's not closed competition. It's competition. And I don't mean to make light of it, but in a way, I think I should," he said. "It's the second day of OTAs, and here we have these questions. But let's let it play out, and one thing we know for certain, that a player, and not just a quarterback, but any position, rest assured, the guy that we think will give us the best opportunity to win will be the guy."
"I've said from Day 1 that Geno's going to be hard to beat out," Ryan added. "But I also said that Mike's going to have an opportunity to compete and he definitely will."
ESPN.com's Rich Cimini said that Vick "sounded brainwashed" and was "repeating talking points" when the quarterback met with reporters a short time later. Vick did maintain his opinion about his standing alongside Smith.
"Nah, it's not an open competition," he said.
Vick was repeatedly praised for being a good teammate after he lost the starting job to Nick Foles in Philadelphia. Will he behave in the same manner if he doesn't feel he's getting a fair crack at a No. 1 gig in New York?
The Jets could be headed for some summer turbulence.
The latest "Around The League Podcast" breaks down the news discusses players who could be summertime trade targets.


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Endurolytes (AES vol 13.13)
The ideal way to enjoy cramp-free exercise!BY HAMMER NUTRITION
Keeping muscle cramping at bay during training and racing can be as easy as taking a few capsules or dropping a tablet into your water bottle. There's absolutely no reason to suffer through another summer of performance-robbing cramps! By supplementing with Endurolytes prior to, during, and after all of your workouts and races, you'll replenish necessary electrolytic minerals. That's important all year long, but now, with the heat and humidity at or near their highest, it's absolutely essential.
Don't downgrade the quality of your workouts or jeopardize your races by relying on salt tablets, electrolyte supplements that contain excess amounts of sodium, or products that contain garbage ingedients such as refined sugars, chemicals, or artificial flavors, sweeteners, preservatives, or colors. Endurolytes contains the electrolytic minerals your body requires, in the right amounts, in the right balance, without any of that aforementioned junk. Endurolytes will accurately and precisely fulfill your electrolyte needs hour after hour regardless of your size, sport, training intensity, fitness, weather conditions, and how well or poorly you're acclimated to those conditions. We guarantee it!
Electrolytes: What they are and why you need them
Electrolytes are chemicals that form electrically charged particles (ions) in body fluids. These ions carry the electrical energy necessary for many functions, including muscle contractions and transmission of nerve impulses. Many bodily functions depend on electrolytes; therefore, optimal performance requires a consistent, adequate supply of these important nutrients.
Athletes often neglect electrolyte replenishment because they've "never had cramping problems." Even if you've been fortunate enough to have never suffered the painful, debilitating effects of cramping (count your blessings, you're in the minority!), you still need to provide your body with an appropriate supply of electrolytes, even in cooler weather. Why? Because the goal in replenishing electrolytes is not necessarily to prevent cramping (though, of course, you want to avoid cramping), but primarily to maintain specific bodily functions at optimal levels.
Cramping is oftentimes your body's way of letting you know that, regarding electrolytes, it's "on empty." When you've reached that point, the performance of many bodily systems (cardiovascular, central nervous, digestive, and muscular) has been severely compromised for some time, meaning your athletic performance has been deteriorating steadily as well.
You want your body to perform smoothly, without interruption or compromise. That's precisely why, just as you shouldn't wait until you're dehydrated or bonking before you replenish fluids or calories, you never want to wait until you're cramping before replenishing electrolytes.
Salt alone is NOT the solution!
In addition to completely neglecting to replenish electrolytes, many athletes make two other major mistakes regarding electrolytes:
- They equate "electrolyte replenishment" with the intake of salt tablets or high-sodium foods, fuels, or electrolyte products. While salt (sodium chloride) is indeed an important component of electrolyte replenishment, it's not the whole story. Many athletes place too much emphasis on salt, forgetting that other minerals - potassium, magnesium, and calcium - are required along with sodium and chloride to adequately address and fulfill electrolyte requirements.
- Dr. Bill Misner explains: "The electrolyte profile of Endurolytes balances cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) responsibly without emphasizing one electrolyte over others. When a balance of cations to anions is managed in an energy producing cell - assuming the cell has adequate fuel and fluid - such a cell will produce energy at a higher rate than one overdosed by a single cation mixed with an irrational list of anions." This simply means that your body will perform better with a balanced supply of electrolytes than with just a dose (especially a large one) of sodium or any other single mineral.
- They consume too much salt in their daily diet, which interferes with, and usually neutralizes, the body's complex and efficient built-in mechanisms that regulate and recirculate sodium from body stores.
Bottom line: When you oversupply your body with too much sodium, you end up causing more problems than you resolve. We have seen this over and over again with endurance athletes in regard to salt intake; far too many of them consume too much and end up suffering with a variety of problems, the least of which is stomach distress. We cannot emphasize enough that - just as it is with calories and fluids - electrolytes must be replenished in amounts that cooperate with, not interfere with, normal body mechanisms. You need to support your body's finely tuned and efficient mechanisms, not work against them.
That's why we put moderate amounts of sodium chloride (salt) in Endurolytes, along with appropriate amounts of all the electrolytic minerals you need. That's the right way - the "body cooperative" way - to replenish these important minerals during exercise.
Consistent replenishment of fluids and calories is essential to maintain energy levels during workouts and races. Providing consistent replenishment of electrolytes is an equally important component of proper fueling. Getting fluid and caloric needs dialed in is fairly easy to accomplish, but fulfilling electrolyte needs requires more attention and fine-tuning because there are more variables that need to be accounted for:
- Unique biological predisposition in terms of minerals lost via perspiration
- Differences in body weight and levels of fitness
- The pace of exercise
- The humidity and heat, and how well or poorly the athlete is acclimated to it
Using Endurolytes in your training and racing - as well as when you're working outside on a hot day - will resolve that challenge. Don't wait until you suffer the painful, performance-ruining consequences of improper electrolyte replenishment before you start using this product! No matter what the weather throws at you, any one of the three Endurolytes options will help you perform at your best. We guarantee that Endurolytes' proportionately balanced, full-spectrum electrolytic mineral formula will drastically reduce the potential for cramping, allowing you to enjoy optimal exercise performance. HN
Endurolytes: Complete electrolyte support
Consuming sufficient amounts of fluids and calories is essential to maintain energy levels during workouts and races. Providing consistent replenishment of electrolytes is an equally important component of proper fueling. Getting your fluid and caloric needs dialed in and nailed down is fairly easy to accomplish, but fulfilling your electrolyte needs requires more attention because you have many more variables to account for.
Using Endurolytes in your training and racing will resolve that challenge, so don't wait until you suffer the painful and performance-ruining consequences of improper electrolyte replenishment before you start using this product. Begin using Endurolytes right away! Endurolytes - available in capsules, powder, and effervescent tablets - contains the minerals you need, in the right amounts, and in the right balance. Endurolytes will accurately and precisely fulfill your electrolytic mineral needs hour after hour regardless of your size, sport, training intensity, fitness, weather conditions, and how well or poorly you're acclimated to those conditions. We guarantee it!
Endurolytes Fizz - No junk here!
When it comes to your daily diet or workout/race fuel, it's vital to be aware of just what it is you're consuming. At Hammer Nutrition, we have always advocated against ingesting anything that isn't going to benefit your health or exercise performance.
Three ingredients that are found in many effervescent electrolyte products, but not in Endurolytes Fizz, are a prime example of this:
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
This is a petroleum-derivative compound that is made from ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2- diol), the main ingredient in antifreeze. Additionally, PEG is the active ingredient in a number of medications prescribed for treating constipation. In the case of an effervescent electrolyte product, it is used as a lubricating agent. Is PEG something you want in your body? Absolutely not! You won't find PEG in Endurolytes Fizz. Instead, we use wheat germ oil as a lubricating agent, undoubtedly a healthier choice. And though the word "wheat" is in the name, the wheat germ oil we use contains less than 5ppm (parts per million) gluten, significantly less than the FDA requirement for "gluten free" labeling. (A food must contain less than 20 ppm gluten to be labeled gluten free.
Acesulfame K
We at Hammer Nutrition take a "zero tolerance approach" regarding the consumption of artificial sweeteners, and so should you. If they aren't going to benefit health or athletic performance, and in fact may hurt them both, why would you ever want to ingest them? Acesulfame K contains methylene chloride, a carcinogenic chemical that is the propellant used in many aerosol products and is also used in the manufacture of paint stripping products, paint removal products, adhesives, and more. Long-term exposure to methylene chloride is believed to be linked to several health disorders including headaches, depression, nausea, mental confusion, and others. Studies indicate that this carcinogen can negatively affect the liver and kidneys, as well as cause cancer.
Dr. Bill Misner makes answering the question "Should I consume sucralose?" easy in stating, "This artificial sweetening ingredient is possibly worse than the processed simple sugars it replaces. It is difficult to imagine that a synthetic chlorinated disaccharide is an improvement." For sweetening a product, there are much safer alternatives, such as sorbitol and stevia, the natural sweeteners included in Endurolytes Fizz.
BOTTOM LINE: Though other effervescent electrolyte products contain one or more of these non-beneficial substances, you won't find any of this junk in Endurolytes Fizz, the healthier way to replenish electrolytes.


text:
Search for "West Nile Virus" - The top results (relevance sort) are listed below:
NCSU Data Collection[ Hide ] Possible Related Terms:
Africanized Honeybee, Amphibians, Avian Botulism, Avian Cholera, Avian Lead Poisoning, Bats, Biology, Birds, Butterflies, Census, Chinese Privet, Common Grouse, Crime, Ecoregions, Employment, Energy Consumption, Fire, Food Stamps, Forests, Income (Population), Invasive Species, Labor, Land Use And Land Cover (LULC), Leafy Spurge, Mortality, Moths, National Atlas, National Fire Plan, Nighttime Lights, Poverty, Purple Loosestrife, Reproductive Health, Shellfish, Tallowtree, Vegetation, Wildlife Mortality, Zebra Mussel
Legacy denotes outdated data. A more recent version likely exists. Consider an "External Data Source" option linked above, or click the Collection link for updated source options.
Contact a Data Services Librarian for help.


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Sometime after 11 miles of electric fence went up, and local shops went under after the biggest shopping mall in Europe arrived, and missile batteries appeared on rooftops, East Londoners' enthusiasm waned for the Olympic Games that are coming to their doorsteps.
Residents living around the new sports venues – not to mention the freshly finished hotels and store fronts – packed into a church recently to discuss how to oppose the missiles. But aside from the unease over living in close proximity to such major weaponry, a wider bitterness permeated the 200-member audience.
When London bid for the 2012 Games, British officials dazzled the Olympic committee with the idea of using the event to lift up and redevelop the down-at-the-heels East End. With just days to go before the opening ceremony, however, some of the most strident critics of the Games are East Enders, many of whom have felt sidelined by security officials and corporate interests that have transformed this long-neglected corner of town.
Boos sounded when one speaker sheepishly admitted to looking forward to the Games. Resident Len Aldis summed up the prevailing mood: "The spirit of the founding of the Olympic Games has been lost."
Britain as a whole, meanwhile, is ambivalent about the Games, in contrast to the joyful eruptions in 2005, when London learned it would make history by hosting its third Olympics. Now, only 44 percent say the country should have offered to host them; and in an age of austerity, the potential price tag to the public of $17 billion – nearly triple the bid estimate – does not sit well. The muchness of it all leaves some asking if the Olympics have gotten too big, and too tied to the ambitions of big business and big government.
"The Olympics is two weeks of games and a week of Paralympics. And for that you are going to … land yourself in monumental debt?" says Iain Sinclair, a noted East End author.
'Lockdown London'
Security preparations are a major part of the overruns and the concerns.
London 2012 will trigger the largest peacetime mobilization of British security forces in modern times, involving 50,000 troops, police, and private contractors. The number of soldiers exceeds Britain's deployment in Afghanistan.
An aircraft carrier will be parked in the Thames, and Typhoon fighter jets will be deployed in west London. On top of citywide cameras, police have access to unarmed drones for surveillance. Security screeners will confiscate liquids from spectators before they enter venues, and officials are warning of significant lines.
The Home Office insists, however, that the effort will be in keeping with a British tradition of understated security despite resonances with the US-led global war on terror.
"Any military resources will support but not supplant our police-led plans. Visitors to the UK can continue to expect to see the 'bobby on the beat,' not soldiers on the street," says James Brokenshire, minister for crime and security, by e-mail.
But, he says, "the UK is hosting the biggest and most high profile event in living memory" – so security agencies are leaving nothing to chance.
Last week, authorities detained a suspected British Islamic militant of Somali origin who violated a court order by traveling multiple times to transit stations near the Olympic park.
Britain has faced down greater moments of terrorist danger from the Irish Republican Army, says security expert Richard English at the University of St Andrews in Scotland.
"It's not so much that the threat is raised [with the Olympics], but the visibility is raised," he says. Even a small attack would be instantly seen around the world and magnified.
Such a situation is tricky for the government, he says. If officials foil attacks, no one will notice and Parliament will wonder why so much money was spent. If an attack gets through, security agencies will be grilled.
The East End 'missile crisis'
No detail of the Games has more irked locals than the plan to post antiaircraft missiles around the city, including atop an East End apartment tower.
The plan came to light when the Ministry of Defense informed residents with a leaflet. Brian Whelan, a journalist living in the tower, publicized the issue and filed a lawsuit – only to have his landlords move to evict him.
"I'm being victimized for what I did," Mr. Whelan told the recent gathering of residents, which the ministry chose at the last minute not to attend. "I am not sure how they are going to face a terrorist threat if they can't even face us."
The legal bid by residents to stop the missile deployment was quashed today by a British high court that ruled the weapons presented "no real threat" to the residents. The decision clears the way for the missiles to be deployed within days.
Attendees at the recent gathering, including the local member of Parliament, voiced concerns about the lack of local input. Fliers announced an upcoming protest themed "Whose Games, Whose Olympics?"
Speakers mentioned the exclusive rights for McDonald's to sell food, Coca-Cola to sell drinks, and Visa to sell tickets. One person cited a Financial Times article quoting a government official as saying: "The Olympics is a tremendous opportunity to showcase what the private sector can do in the security space."
A loss of local identity
On a walk around the East End, the author Mr. Sinclair suggests that the internationalism on display with these Olympics is "massive corporate branding" and "the internationalism of the money markets."
The government plan to fix up the East End has relied on attracting private capital to the long-overlooked region. The introduction of big corporations, however, has raised anxieties about loss of local identity.
Sinclair points down the main street of Stratford near the Olympic Park. The street used to feel like a small English town, he says, dotted with old pubs and small businesses. Now, new housing blocks line the street, with a Holiday Inn Express perched in the middle.
"This street now could be in a suburb of any American city," he says.
He describes the bygone Stratford (pop. 20,000) as "scrappy," with artists living in former warehouses and some successful small businesses. Many locals have left, he says, driven out by rising rents.
Sinclair talks over the noise of construction trucks doing last-minute work on the Olympic Park. Sinclair says the reclaimed area had industrial scars but also overgrown orchards that enthusiasts were beginning to replant.
He ends the walk in front of Stratford's revamped transit station, and points up past an elevated footbridge. Rising castle-like is Europe's biggest urban mall, newly opened by Australia's Westfield Group.
"You come out of this station and you can't access the Olympic site without having to walk through that," he says. "The first thing you'll see on the right-hand side is an enormous casino."
New jobs in 'derelict' spaces
The perspective is different on another walking tour accompanied by Jamie Hodge with the Stratford Renaissance Partnership, a consortium of organizations with a stake in the area's redevelopment. As he walks through the mall, he, too, notes that most Olympic spectators are going to walk this route, "which is why you can see [luxury retailers like] Liberty, Prada," he says, pointing. "It'll be interesting to see how many will stay."
The mall employs 10,000 people, at least 2,000 of whom were previously unemployed, according to the government's London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC).
But shopping there is mostly beyond the reach of locals, says young resident Rob Winkel. Instead, the trains bring shoppers from outside.
Still, jobs hold the promise of lifting up residents. The LLDC says the reuse of the four permanent Olympic venues will provide 8,000 to 10,000 jobs. And the new hotels are taking in nearby college students, training them in the hospitality industry and offering them lasting jobs.
"Marks & Spencer, Holiday Inn, they are now telling businesses coming in that you can hire local people [and] they are a fantastic workforce," says Paul Brickell with the LLDC. He hopes the coming of Siemens will similarly reassure other high-tech firms.
The little guys
On the walk, Mr. Hodge points out a set of abandoned buildings surrounded by shattered glass and graffiti. "You see here: urban dereliction. This is what a lot of the site was."
Could redevelopment of such spaces be done with smaller local firms rather than big multinationals?
"If it were up to me, I would have local stores, but we don't live in a world where investment is dictated by [them]," he replies. "Do I like the fact that the biggest McDonald's in the world is being built in the Olympic Park? No."
As Hodge walks down Stratford's main street, he points out several small local businesses sprouting near the Holiday Inn. One is a Victorian theater that had been a dangerous nightclub. Locals have refurbished it to offer live shows and boxing. A nonprofit artist studio and an upscale Moroccan restaurant have also opened.
But there are signs of loss, too. A furniture store is closing because of higher rents. Hodge is sad to see the greasy-spoon Pie Crust Cafe shuttered.
One of the old businesses that survives is Cafe Mondo, recently reopened after renovations. Proprietor Antonio Zeolla owns the building, insulating him from rent hikes.
Times are tough, though. When Cafe Mondo first opened in 1997, no one in Stratford knew what a cappuccino was. Now he's competing against nearby Westfield mall.
But he's still happy with the redevelopment. "The best thing is putting the area on the map," he says. "Stratford now, everyone knows where it is, from all over the world."


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Hospitals that serve Florida's neediest patients concerned about proposed change to Medicaid payments
Hospitals that serve Florida's neediest patients stand to lose the most under a new system for how the state doles out Medicaid dollars.
The DRG payment model — or "diagnosis-related group" — would categorize Medicaid patients based on the type and severity of illness and pay hospitals accordingly. Currently, hospitals are paid various daily rates based on actual costs.
Dozens of hospitals stand to receive more Medicaid dollars under DRG, but representatives of the state's 15 "safety net" hospitals say their facilities are among the biggest losers. That includes Miami's Jackson Memorial Hospital and Tampa General Hospital.
Advocates say the model should be tweaked so that these hospitals, which serve the state's poorest and most severely injured patients and are often the training ground for future doctors, are held harmless.
The state Agency for Health Care Administration has run the numbers showing what each hospital could receive under DRG compared to the status quo in the 2013-2014 fiscal year.
Jackson Memorial would drop from $345.6 million to $301.2 million. Tampa General Hospital's payment would decrease from $139.5 million to $128.2 million.
Even though the model was tweaked in a way that benefits the state's two freestanding children's hospitals, All Children's in St. Petersburg and Miami Children's would lose $9 million and $1.4 million respectively.
None of the 13 hospitals that draw from Medicaid the most — those in line for more than $50 million annually — stand to see increases under DRG. Ten of these are "safety nets" and all but one is not-for-profit.
On the other hand, most of the hospitals that see the biggest increases under DRG are operated by for-profit companies.
Last month, AHCA sent the plan for moving to the DRG system to Gov. Rick Scott, House Speaker Will Weatherford and Senate President Don Gaetz. That means any changes would have to happen during the legislative session starting March 5 because the state hopes to launch in July.
Jim Zingale, who works for the Safety Net Hospital Alliance of Florida, said hospitals won't just be lobbying lawmakers.
"You have to sit there and get the message out to the public, 'Do you want services to children to be cut in five months?' " he said Tuesday after AHCA held a final public meeting on the recommendations. "This isn't down the road, six years. This is in five months."
The DRG model is similar to how the federal government reimburses health care providers under the Medicare program for the elderly. Converting Medicaid to DRG and standardizing how hospitals are paid will make them more efficient and improve quality while protecting tax dollars, AHCA said.
Eight hospitals owned by HCA, the hospital chain co-founded by Scott, could see their Medicaid payments increase by 32 percent or more and by at least $1 million. Aventura Hospital could rise from $4.6 million to $7.1 million. Hudson's Bayonet Point Hospital, another HCA affiliate, could increase from $3 million to 4.1 million.
In a statement released through AHCA on Tuesday, HCA East Florida Division President Michael Joseph lent his support to the DRG model.
"We believe that the movement away from a per diem system and to the DRG system is a progressive step for Florida," Joseph said. "It assures a consistent and predictable payment system for all providers in the Medicaid program, and will result in a more equitable and cost effective approach to reimbursing hospitals for inpatient care."
But the "safety nets" disagree. Zingale believes the state should have a test period where it uses actual 2013-2014 data, and not simulation models, to compare what hospitals would receive under the new system compared to the old. Then, the state can determine whether it needs to alter the DRG base rate to accommodate different types of hospitals.
Medicaid is a health care program for the poor that is administered by the state but funded mostly by the federal government. Florida has 3.3 million people currently on Medicaid, but that number could increase greatly in 2014 if the state allows 1.6 million more people to enroll as part of the federal health care law.


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Long-Range Forecast
Long-range Forecast
Among the thousands of scientists who have studied the onset of global warming, there is one-the chief of the 191-nation Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-who ought to be in a better position to speak definitively on this subject than any other.
Unfortunately, the IPCC chief is not only an authority but a lightning rod for one of the planet's most politically volatile debates. When the IPCC issued its landmark year-2000 report projecting higher temperature increases than previously expected-and confirming the roles of the oil, coal, and automotive industries in exacerbating these increases-the U.S. government was not pleased. In 2001, under heavy political pressure from the Bush administration, IPCC chairman Robert Watson was forced out of his job. He was replaced by Rajendra Pachauri.
For this issue, Worldwatch senior researcher Janet Sawin interviewed both Watson and Pachauri on humanity's prospects for both mitigating and adapting to oncoming climate change.
Rajendra Pachauri
Interview with Dr. Rajendra Pachauri,
Delhi, 31 October 2002
World Watch: Which questions about climate change do you think are the most important to address in the coming years?
Rajendra Pachauri: There's a whole range of questions that are important, and you can't see them in isolation. You really need to understand the extent and nature of climate change to begin with. And that [requires] a very strong research underpinning. Then you need to look at what the impacts of those changes are going to be, and clearly those impacts vary from place to place, from ecosystem to ecosystem.
Therefore, what we need is much more focused and reliable research on a localized basis, and much more research on the specific impacts that each part of the world is likely to suffer. So, in general, I think what we really need to do is to come down from the aggregate to the particular. We are hoping that, by the time the Fourth Assessment Report takes shape, probably sometime in 2004 or 2005, we will have research output giving us this kind of detail at a regional level.
WW: How do you expect the next report, under your chairmanship, to differ from the previous one?
RP: First of all, one hopes that the science itself is advancing, so to that extent we hope we can go beyond the Third Assessment Report. The Third Report, in my view, is an excellent document, and I'd like to pay tribute to Bob Watson for having led this effort with so much academic rigor and vitality.
But, in the next report, I would like to see some greater emphasis on a few things. First, we should try to bring about much greater integration between the various elements. There should also be some greater level of consistency between the work of the different IPCC working groups. There are several cross-cutting themes-"uncertainties" is one of them-which we need to incorporate into the work of all three working groups. So I hope we can do a lot more to incorporate these cross-cutting themes in the next report. And finally, we need to go, to the extent possible, into much greater detail in looking at the socioeconomic impacts. We've done that in the Third Report, but we need to do much more in the next one.
WW: What are some of the "uncertainties"?
RP: If you look at, let's say, the extent of temperature change, or changes in precipitation that are likely to take place, we really have not been able [as we have progressed] to come up with estimates wherein the extent of uncertainty is reduced. Now we have created much better models and have much more sophisticated computers, so one hopes that these models will help us to reduce the uncertainties of the predictions that we come up with.
Even in assessing the impacts of climate change, it's not easy for us to reduce the level of uncertainty in the projections that we make. And the same is true of mitigation. After all, how technologies will evolve, and how rapidly these technologies will get disseminated, [will be affected by] a whole range of variables that we really don't have a perfect handle on.
So the theme of uncertainties runs through everything
we are doing. And I think if we bring some degree of consistency to how we
address uncertainties in each element
of the next assessment, and look into how they are linked together, we'll be a little wiser.
WW: When you mention scientific uncertainties about impacts, are you talking about climate feedback effects such as increased water vapor and clouds?
RP: Absolutely. We are dealing with such complex systems, where we really don't know all the feedback effects. We don't know, in some cases, even the causal linkages. So all of that has to be addressed by the research that's being done.
WW: Do you believe that people around the world are already experiencing extreme weather events-such as flooding, droughts, and storms-as a result of human-induced global warming?
RP: I really can't say that on any scientific basis, but if you go purely by the recent record, the fact that 1998 was the warmest year in recorded history is something to worry about. Also the fact that droughts have become more prevalent. And the World Meteorological Organization has assessed that in the last 10 years the number of extreme events, the way they define them, has actually doubled. Now, if that's the case, then you clearly arrive at least at a tentative conclusion that there is a relationship between climate change and some of these extreme events. I'm not too sure we can say this with perfect or reasonable scientific certainty. But I hope that in the Fourth Assessment Report we can address this question also.
WW: There is growing pressure to undertake cost-benefit analyses of proposed actions to reduce the threats of climate change. Can this be seen as an effort to stall the process of working to avert climate change?
RP: We have to look at this first in human terms, and we have to look at it in bio-physical terms. I will illustrate this by giving an example: I was talking with a very well-known economist, and I was telling him about the threat to the Maldive Islands from sea-level rise. And his question was: What's the population of the Maldive Islands? And I said: As far as I know, it's maybe 400,000. And he said: How much would it cost to resettle these people?
Now you see, if you start measuring the impacts and mitigation possibilities in these terms you are really creating a huge distortion, which goes against the very basic principles of human civilization. So I really think in every case we need to look at the impacts in a total, wide, and holistic manner. Unless we do that we just get hung up on narrow, ill-defined, and I would say distorted costs and benefits that could justify almost anything you want. And I hope that in the Fourth Assessment Report we can look at some of the social issues; that we can look at the anthropologic issues; and certainly we need to look at the economic issues. But they shouldn't be done in a narrow and restrictive manner.
WW: Most of the cost of the impacts of climate change will fall on people in the South, while the costs of averting climate change will fall primarily on the North. How do you balance those costs and benefits?
RP: There's a huge equity issue, as far as climate change is concerned. We have to recognize that quite apart from the extent of impacts, the vulnerability of societies in the South is extremely high because there are communities that don't have any physical infrastructure, that don't have any kind of institutional mechanism which might save them whenever they suffer privation or hardship, and that live through this day after day, with or without climate change.
Now, with climate change it's only going to become worse. In several cases it will represent the last straw on the camel's back. So there is a major equity issue: Who is causing the problem, who has caused this problem, and who is suffering the ill effects of this problem? On a global basis we really can't ignore these issues because if you are looking at the impacts of climate change then you necessarily have to take into account the impacts on those who are least equipped to handle these things.
WW: The latest round of climate negotiations [October- November 2002 in Delhi, India] saw more discussion of adapting to climate change than past meetings. What should be the role of adaptation relative to mitigating and reducing the threat?
RP: Well, I think the emphasis on adaptation at this particular meeting is a deliberate one, and I think the Indian government has had a fair amount of input in creating that increased emphasis. Whatever we do today, we are committed to a certain level of climate change, and we can't really wait until the year 2050 or 2060 [to] start doing things that make a major difference in the level of climate change that's taking place. In the short term, we have no choice but to adapt. There is a resource question, there's a technology question, there are institutional questions-all of these should be part of the negotiations.
So I think that's precisely why the current negotiations are paying [some] attention to these issues. And I hope that we will do much more in the future, because there are communities that will need help at the international level, the national level, and certainly at the local level, and the global community should be party to that. Otherwise these communities could see their socioeconomic conditions significantly worsen.
WW: You don't see an increased emphasis on adaptation taking away from mitigation?
RP: No. I don't think that world can afford to wait, as far as mitigation measures are concerned. We need to pursue those very vigorously. I think we need both mitigation and adaptation. But you may find that the actors involved in mitigation are different from those who will be involved in adaptation. There are countries that should really go flat out in terms of mitigation measures, and of course they should also assume some responsibility for adaptation by those who are deprived and are suffering the results of climate change. But for those who are involved in adaptation, particularly in the poorer countries, there's only so much you can expect them to contribute to mitigation. I think their priorities are survival and being able to cope with the kinds of stresses that are being imposed on them by climate change. They necessarily have to focus on adaptation.
WW: To what extent do you believe it is possible to adapt to climate change?
RP: In some cases, if you ask me, we've probably gone beyond the state of adaptation. Where ecosystems are threatened and social systems have been strained, you might actually have disruption in human existence. Take the case of sub-Saharan Africa. There are places where it's going to be very, very difficult for people to construct any kind of social system that gives them sustenance. They'll probably have to move to other locations. But the large majority of people can still do something about adapting to climate change. That's precisely why we need more global and regional initiatives.
WW: What are the greatest challenges that lie ahead for the global community in dealing with climate change?
RP: I think the biggest challenge, first, is to understand the danger. The extent of climate change. I am afraid there are still people, and several in positions of responsibility, who just don't understand what climate change is all about. I think that awareness is absolutely essential as a first step to the kind of action that's required.
The other challenge is to be able to restructure our institutions, our way of thinking, our policies-to integrate climate change into development, into growth, and other policy measures that are being pursued. So the first step is to understand what climate change is, and the second is to build that into policy-making as we see it today.
WW: What, at this point, gives you the most hope for the future?
RP: The fact that you see a lot of initiatives being undertaken by individuals and by organizations. And the rate at which awareness is spreading. As this awareness spreads, particularly in democracies, I think that decisionmakers will have to act, even if they are not in tune with what needs to be done today. I believe that this will include every country.
Robert Watson
Interviews with Dr. Robert Watson,
World Bank, 9 and 19 December 2002
World Watch: With the Kyoto Protocol on the verge of entering into force, what are the implications of the United States not being a party to the treaty?
Robert Watson: First let me say that it's good news that Canada has ratified. However, the Kyoto Protocol won't enter into force unless the Russian Federation also ratifies. Even without the United States, ratification is a significant first step. But to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases will require significant steps beyond the Kyoto Protocol.
A real question is whether the United States, by not ratifying, is losing a business opportunity. The political leaders of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair and John Prescott, believe the Kyoto Protocol represents an important opportunity to restructure the U.K. energy industry and industry in general, and to advance new technologies as a means of economic revival. Under the European Union "bubble," the U.K. has a legal commitment to reduce its emissions by 12.5 percent relative to 1990 levels. But the country has set an internal goal of 20 percent reduction [by 2012].
Also, there are probably 20 to 50 large multi-national companies that have taken on commitments equal to or exceeding the Kyoto targets. Many have already achieved the targets that they set for themselves by 2010-all while making a profit. They found that there are real opportunities to use energy more efficiently, and the Kyoto Protocol provides an incentive to produce new technologies that are more climate-friendly.
WW: The Bush Administration pulled out of the Kyoto Protocol in early 2001, saying emissions cuts would hurt the U.S. economy. How legitimate are these concerns?
RW: That depends on how the United States cuts its emissions. If the U.S. were to make all of its CO2 emissions cuts domestically, the IPCC estimates that the cost would be somewhere between 0.42 and 1.96 percent of GDP-a very wide range. If the U.S. utilized international trading [of carbon credits] with Russia, it could halve the costs to between 0.24 to 0.91 percent [of GDP]. It could further reduce the costs by using the Clean Development Mechanism-trading with developing countries-and by using carbon sequestration activities-crediting carbon absorbed by forests, agriculture, and pastoral lands. It could further reduce costs by addressing all greenhouse gases-methane, nitrous oxide, etc. The cost [then] would be substantially less than the range of 0.24 to 0.91 percent of GDP.
So, would ratifying the Kyoto Protocol cripple the U.S. economy? If the U.S. reduced all greenhouse gases, not just CO2 from energy production, and used biological sinks and the full range of trading systems, then the estimated costs are in the order of 5 to 15 cents a gallon of gasoline. Given the fluctuation in the price of gasoline over the past few years, that 15 cents is a relatively small levy to safeguard the climate system of the Earth. We also have to recognize there are global costs of inaction-in the agriculture sector, the water sector, sea level rise, displaced human settlements, and loss of biodiversity, as well as in adverse impacts on human health.
WW: Do you believe current U.S. climate policy is consistent with U.S. obligations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (which became U.S. law in 1992)?
RW: No. The United States should be either ratifying the Kyoto Protocol or taking domestic actions that would be broadly consistent with the Protocol. As the world's only superpower, we should be trying to do everything we can to move toward lower CO2 emissions.
WW: What new research do you think is most needed, and what should be the IPCC's focus for the next assessment?
RW: We need a balanced program covering the whole spectrum of climate issues: Is the Earth's climate changing and why; how is it projected to change; what are the impacts of this change and possible options for adaptation. And what actions can be taken to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
Within Working Group I, which assesses what we know about the climate system, what's most important is to narrow the range of uncertainty around the climate sensitivity factor. With a doubling of carbon dioxide, we said for the last 20 years that the temperature of the Earth would increase between 1.5 and 4.5 degrees Celsius.* We need to reduce that range.
Second, we've got to improve our ability to project changes in climate at the regional level.
And third, [we need] a better understanding of the carbon cycle. There is a debate regarding how much carbon is naturally absorbed by the world's terrestrial systems and, in particular, how much is being absorbed in the United States. And that is both a scientific and a political issue.
WW: If you had to set research priorities for Working Group II, what would those be?
RW: An improved understanding of how climate change will affect water-resource management, agriculture, and human health in developing countries. And how natural ecological systems will respond. For example, we need to know more about how coral reefs and forested ecosystems will react to a change in climate [in general], as well as to changes in climate variability and to the expected increase in extreme events.
Projecting changes in extreme events is a key challenge. When we look at how to improve regional-scale projections, the crucial issue isn't how the mean values of temperature or precipitation will change, it is how climate variability and extremes will change. Most ecological and socio-economic systems are more sensitive to changes in extreme events than to small changes in mean values.
WW: How can we plan to adapt to such changes?
RW: In a lot of countries, the first challenge is not going to be how to adapt to the climate of the future, it's going to be about reducing vulnerability of sectors to today's climate variability. It is to see whether countries can make themselves more resilient. These actions will allow countries to become less vulnerable to future climate change.
WW: And what about mitigation-heading off climate change by reducing global emissions? What should the IPCC focus on here?
RW: We need to analyze a wide range of technologies, both in energy production and in energy use. It's also critical to understand how to get these new technologies into the marketplace. How do we get rid of the fossil fuel subsidies, so that new technologies have a level playing field? How do we internalize the social costs of fossil fuel technologies? For example, if we took into account all of the social costs of fossil fuels, which cause not only global warming but also local and regional air pollution, it would make other energy supply technologies much more competitive.
We also have to do a better job on the economics, understanding both the costs of inaction-of damage caused by climate change-and the costs of mitigation, because numbers have been thrown all over the place either to justify action or to justify inaction. We have to recognize that some of the costs of climate change don't play out in the market. We could be losing biodiversity, or losing some of the goods and services provided by ecosystems, that don't have market value.
WW: Both the IPCC and the U.S. government are talking about the need for cost-benefit analysis, and the emphasis seems to be on mitigation efforts. What are your thoughts regarding such a process?
RW: We need to look at the costs and the benefits both of action and of inaction. It's not a question of do we mitigate the threat of climate change or do we adapt. Even with strong mitigation around the world, there's still going to be significant climate change, and therefore there will be changes in ecological and socioeconomic systems. We must recognize that simple cost-benefit analysis is probably not going to be adequate. There are some impacts where it is hard to determine the economic value. For example, how do you place a value on human life?
[We need] in-depth discussion of how to view the costs and benefits of adaptation and mitigation options using a wide range of discount rates. Performing a global average of costs and benefits is absolutely pointless. A global cost-benefit analysis might show agriculture to be unaffected by climate change. However, analyzing the impact of climate change on agriculture by country or region would show that in Africa, parts of Asia, and even southern Europe, there would be costs associated with climate change-whereas in North America and parts of northern Europe, there would be benefits. So, the impacts of climate change need to be analyzed by region and by sector.
WW: The Bush administration has talked about climate uncertainties and the need to base policies on sound science. In your view, how sound is the state of climate science right now and what level of certainty do we need to achieve before moving forward?
RW: We know enough today to start to take actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is no doubt that the Earth's climate is warming, and that most of the warming is due to human activity. And without actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, future changes in climate are inevitable. Nearly every government in the world has decided that some form of action is needed.
Is additional research needed? Yes, we can definitely improve our science base-both in the natural sciences and social sciences. But uncertainty in knowledge is not a reason for inaction. The precautionary principle argues that uncertainty could actually be the reason for action.
WW: Is there a role for scientists to play in recommending policies and technologies?
RW: This is a difficult question. I believe that national and international assessments should not recommend policy action. They should evaluate the implications of different actions or inactions. And that's what the IPCC did-IPCC did not say, "Thou shalt do ...," but said, "These are the implications of doing this or doing that." I believe an assessment should be policy relevant and policy neutral.
WW: Does that mean scientists shouldn't express opinions on climate politics?
RW: Individual scientists are members of society. Therefore, as an individual member of society, any scientist who has a strong view on whether there should or should not be action on climate has a perfect right-you could even say a duty-to talk to Congress, to talk to the administration, and to talk to the public through the media. However, when scientists speak out, they should recognize that science and technology are only part of the debate. There are a number of social issues. Climate change may present large labor issues, for example. Scientists need to realize that science and technology are only part of the decision-making process. They can and should speak out-while recognizing they don't have expertise across the full suite of issues.
WW: Two scientists wrote in a Science article last year that in order to avoid dangerous climate change we need to stabilize carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at 450 parts per million (ppm) and we must begin to reduce global emissions before 2020 or we forgo that option. We're not on track to do this. At what level do you think we need to stabilize to avoid dangerous climate change?
RW: I always argued, as chair of IPCC, that the IPCC should not try to define "dangerous".... If we are trying to protect the average person or sector in the world, we could possibly tolerate a higher level of emissions. To protect the most vulnerable sectors or people, we would want to stabilize at a very low level of carbon dioxide-at 450 ppm or even less. Because the most vulnerable-the disenfranchised in Africa, those living in low-lying island states like Tuvalu or in low-lying deltaic areas like Bangladesh-will be adversely affected even by small changes in temperature and sea level.
The same approach is true for ecological systems. If we want to protect the most sensitive ecosystems in the world- probably coral reefs-we would come up with a different answer than if we wanted to protect the "average" ecological system. There is no single definition of "dangerous."
WW: At what level do you think greenhouse gas concentrations must be stabilized?
RW: The biggest problem with any particular stabilization level is the uncertainty in knowing what the impact on climate will be. If we are unlucky, the value of the climate sensitivity is high (i.e., a doubling of CO2 would result in a temperature increase of 4.5 degrees Celsius), whereas if we are lucky, the value of the climate sensitivity is low (doubling produces a rise of only 1.5 degrees). Stabilizing at 450 ppm with a climate sensitivity of 4.5 degrees is the same as stabilizing at about 750 or 1,000 ppm with a low climate sensitivity factor.
If we take a precautionary, prudent approach, we should assume the worst-that is, a high climate sensitivity, where even at 450 ppm of carbon dioxide there will still be a significant change in climate. Most European countries would probably argue that stabilization at 450 ppm is a reasonable goal. And that's pretty consistent with what most NGOs would argue.
However, the other greenhouse gases have already changed. So even if we stabilize CO2 at 450 ppm, we would probably be close to the CO2 equivalent of 550 ppm. We also have to be pragmatic. To stabilize at 450 ppm, global emissions would have to peak by 2010, and they're not going to. The only hope of stabilizing at 450 ppm would be major international action to reduce emissions from all countries as soon as possible.
WW: You've summarized your views on some contentious issues, including the precautionary principle, the role of scientists, and U.S. policy. What is it about your positions that most irked the Bush Administration?
RW: My position was simply a statement of the findings of the IPCC. Clearly the U.S. government-and it's not just the administration, there are many in Congress-believe that there are too many uncertainties to proceed. The message of the IPCC-that the Earth's climate is changing, that most of the changes to date are due to human activities, that significant future changes are projected, that most of the effects of climate change will be negative rather than positive, and that developing countries and poor people in developing countries are most affected-is not the message, for whatever reason, that the Bush administration wanted to hear.
The IPCC also stated that there is a wide range of technologies and policies that can be used to address the climate change issue in a reasonable, cost-effective manner. This clearly was not a message that they wanted to hear. And for whatever reason, they decided there needed to be a change in leadership of the IPCC.


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The good news: I've finished writing my book. Well, pretty much. I still have some holes to fill in and some significant edits to make before sending it to the publisher on April 1, but the bulk of it is done. I'm looking forward to the next step (collaborating with my editor to make it even better) as well as losing the ten pounds I've gained over the last month working until 3 a.m. with only a one-pound bag of animal crackers to keep me company.
The bad news: Once published, my book may very well end up with a warning label on it. That's because LifeWay Christian Stores recently announced a decision to place stickers that say "Read With Discernment" on books from authors like Rob Bell, Brian McLaren, and Donald Miller.
Apparently, if a book contains anything that LifeWay (part of the Southern Baptist Convention) does not consider "consistent with historical evangelical theology," it gets a label. It also gets a label if it includes any salacious details about sex, (as in Rob Bell's excellent book, Sex God) or, I don't know, smoking a pipe and voting for a democrat (as in Donald Miller's Blue Like Jazz).
Looks to me like they are just going after the Emerging Church. You can read their explanation here.
Thankfully, LifeWay has taken quite a bit of heat from writers and agents in the industry, which is encouraging. I guess we're all just wondering why LifeWay thinks that some books should be readwithout discernment.
Honestly, if I had the money, I'd go into a LifeWay store right now and buy up all the books that said "Read With Discernment" on them. Seems to me that those are the only ones worth reading!
Anyway, I had to chuckle. Having just finished writing over 50,000 words about my own faith experience, (much of which does not fit the Baptist mold), I can't help but wonder if I'll earn the "Read With Discernment" sticker myself.
Damn, I hope I do. : )
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Photos of Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial at TAMUCC courtesy of Third Coast Photo,all other pictures unless labeled otherwise are the courtesy of theDr. Hector P. Garcia Papers, Special Collections & Archives, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Bell Librarywith a special thanks to Curator Grace Charles for her valuable expertise, knowledge and assistance.


text: Unemployed Spanish workers consider move to GermanyBut many reluctant to make the move or not a good fitBy Sarah Morris and Madeline Chambers06/01/2012|hrreporter.com|Last Updated: 06/04/2012 MADRID (Reuters) — After more than a decade working as doctors, Spaniards Elena Casillas and Esther Perea are back in the classroom, and it's not easy. Some of their classmates need dictionaries to compose basic sentences. Others need help with word order. For everyone, the biggest challenge is pronunciation."When I first heard German, I thought, 'My God, it's horrible,'" says 40-year old Casillas, one of a dozen medics recruited by a private German hospital group that is giving the pair free classes in Madrid with the promise of work at a German hospital if they come up to scratch.Casillas' class is part of a German campaign to attract people who have skills in medicine and engineering. Germany can use up to 200,000 immigrant workers per year to maintain its economic potential, according to the Bundesbank, while Spain currently has the highest unemployment in Europe, more than 24 per cent or around 5.6 million people.Given that free movement of labour is one of the foundation stones of the European Union (EU), you might think jobseekers from Spain would be filling Germany's gaps. A few are making the shift: In 2011, Spanish arrivals jumped 52 per cent, according to German data. But the overall numbers are still tiny. Between 16,000 and 21,000 came to Germany from Spain last year, compared with more than 100,000 immigrants from Poland."Looking at the economic situation, one might have expected a bit more outflows," said Thomas Liebig, an expert in international migration at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).Europe's relative lack of labour mobility can be pinned on cultural obstacles, as well as increasingly choosy employers and stiff competition from established migrants. For Spaniards, in particular, Europe is not working, and this highlights a structural trend just at the time the region needs to make the most of its single market for workers."Where governments are able to manage the inflow they are becoming more selective," says John Salt, a professor at University College London who specializes in international European migration. "What they want are workers with high-level skills who can initiate new ideas or developments, or fill certain skill gaps."Habla Deutsch?Europeans have long tended to be less mobile than their American colleagues. A typical European worker is about half as likely as their U.S. counterpart to move between regions or country: 18 per cent against 32 per cent, according to 2005 European data. Only four per cent of EU workers moved to another EU country.The gap may be shrinking. In the United States, migration levels have fallen in this downturn. The Brookings Institution, a Washington-based think tank, says U.S. labour mobility is at its lowest rate since 1948. Besides a simple lack of jobs, people have tended to stay where they are because it's become harder to get a new home loan, says William Frey, a senior fellow at the institution.In Europe, there has been an uptick in workers shifting around, including from Greece to Germany.But surveys suggest the Spanish are generally more reluctant than other nationalities to quit their home country: Just 11 per cent of Spanish adults told Gallup pollsters between 2009 and 2011 they wanted to move abroad, below the poll's global average of 14 per cent.Casillas is married to a German but says many of her colleagues would rather make a move to France or the United Kingdom because of the language. Casillas' and Perea's generation focused on English and French at school, and more than twice as many Spaniards live in France than in Germany.A European Union survey in 2005 found the majority of Spaniards had not learned a second language: Even those who wanted to improve their language skills did not make German their top choice, but preferred English and French. After France and the United Kingdom, Germany was the third most popular destination in Europe for Spanish migrants in 2011."The reality is that we Spanish are not like the Germans or Norwegians who speak perfect English. We've never put much emphasis on languages and all of them scare us," said Casillas. "Our impression of Germany is serious people, who are very cold.""And there's little sun there!" her friend added.In an effort to woo the Spanish, German recruiters are heading to job markets to sign up candidates. German job centres have also focused attention on regions such as Portugal, Italy and Greece. An innovative mayor in Schwaebisch Hall, a small town in southwest Germany, even managed to generate 10,000 applications from Portuguese jobseekers through a media offensive.Auf wiedersehen, pepeEmployers that can persuade Spanish workers to make the move report mixed results. Ruecker, a Wiesbaden-based company that provides electrical hardware and software for cars and planes, advertised for 500 engineers from southern European countries in April. It offered a free two-month language course, with 1,000 euros ($1,280) towards costs, followed by a 3,000-euro-per-month ($3,866) salary for a trial period and an increase to 3,500 euros ($4,511) once a permanent contract is signed.RELATED ARTICLESImmigrant wage gap costing Canada $50 billion a year in GDP: reportOntario's immigration strategy needs to change: reportOntario needs regional immigration strategy: reportThe terms are attractive — probably about 30 per cent more than in Spain, according to one Spanish engineer. Thomas Aukamm, Ruecker's managing director for sales, marketing and recruiting, said the firm received 3,500 applications, mainly from Spain, after advertising there as well as in Italy and Greece.However, Spain's now-bust real estate boom has equipped its engineers with skills that Germany can't easily use. Aukamm said only 500 of the applicants had experience in mechanical or aeronautical trades — many Spanish engineers worked in construction. A lack of languages could rule out others: "That is still something that can limit the recruitment of people from Spain."In a world where there are too many workers, countries and employers can pick and choose. Germany, a mature economy with advanced technological needs, is highly selective about the workers it can use — it isn't some newly industrializing upstart that could accommodate any number of energetic entrepreneurs.And Spanish workers thinking of moving north face competition, particularly from well-educated eastern Europeans, University College London's Salt says. A change in German immigration rules in 2011 brought a 27 per cent jump in the number of working Poles there to nearly 130,000, according to the German office for foreign employees. For every Spaniard who arrived to seek work, more than five Poles found a job.Cerveza or pivo?The crisis has come just as the Spanish were getting used to prosperity at home. Up until the 1970s, the four-decade dictatorship of General Francisco Franco encouraged many to seek better lives in European countries such as Germany, Switzerland and France, and as far afield as Venezuela and Argentina.Democratic Spain joined the European Economic Community in 1986 and with a construction boom in the 1990s the country became a magnet to immigrants from Latin America and Africa. The slowdown has just seen the country become a net exporter of labour again, which means many Spanish have lost the habit of moving to seek work.One reason more Poles and Romanians move to Germany than Spaniards is because their social groups have been recently established, the OECD's Liebig says. The first wave of eastern Europeans moved west just five years ago; Spanish, Greek and Portuguese migrants abroad are from earlier generations.Leaving isn't easy. Southern Europeans tend to have stronger social networks at home, with grandparents often caring for children. "You know it would be a leap into the unknown," said Antonio, a Spanish engineer who is learning German just in case he needs to seek work.One truck driver who ventured north from near the Spanish border found himself stuck in a small room in a charity hostel. Miguel Goncalves, 34, tried his fortunes in Norway, one of hundreds of southern Europeans attracted to the rich oil-producing state after a Spanish TV documentary said Spaniards could earn 4,000 euros per month ($5,154) and enjoy free child care and health services there.In the depths of winter, the Portuguese driver landed a job interview with a lorry firm. "'How are you with snow and ice?' they asked," Goncalves said. "I replied 'more or less,' and that was that. It was then I knew I wouldn't be getting a job." Spaniards who failed to find work have been sent back.Others have encountered different obstacles: Spanish construction workers are used to working in cement, not wood as in Norway; and construction is in any case already dominated by Polish immigrants with old ties so informal networks are no help.'Salami system'The process of deciding if and when to move country is sometimes described by migration experts as the "salami system", says Salt. Things get bad in small slices, but you don't know which one will make you say "That's it!""People don't move unless they really have to and even then they need the resources to move," he says. The costs of moving possessions and paying deposits in countries that have totally different rental and legal systems can often seem more daunting than tangible benefits, such as family homes and welfare systems."I've worked for 12 years and know that if I lose my job, I'm entitled to unemployment benefits for two years," said Antonio, the Spanish engineer. "If I work abroad and lose my job after six months, do I have any right to anything and which state system do I turn to?"Advice on these questions is available from a European Commission-run website called EURES, which advertises jobs and can put people in touch with advisers. But few Europeans know the organization.Carlos Carreira, a 46-year-old Spanish-born industrial engineer who was made redundant in Lisbon, believes the risk in Germany is worth taking."Getting a job here will take time, but I will wait. It will be three or four months," he said. "I am used to moving and I speak several languages. The most important thing is just to work. Even if it is not at the same level as before."Doctors Casillas and Perea are in a more privileged position, with work already on offer. "I'm seeing going to Germany as an adventure," said Perea. "If it doesn't work out, I'll just come back."© Copyright Canadian HR Reporter, HAB Press. All rights reserved. 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Friends saw what they wanted to see. Manufacturers in Europe and North America mostly saw dollar signs. Foreign intelligence agencies underestimated the Pakistani scientist. And Western heads of state figured they faced bigger threats than a social-climbing metallurgist.
Abdul Qadeer Khan surprised them all. For 30 years, Mr. Khan worked – first quietly, then increasingly brazenly – to establish his nation as a nuclear power and himself as a broker of the world's most dangerous technologies.
By the time he made a televised "confession" in 2004, after diplomatic pressure forced Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf to place Khan under house arrest, he had sold those secrets to Iran, North Korea, and Libya – and possibly others.
Today, poorly secured nuclear materials are the single greatest security threat facing the United States. Presidential hopefuls debate the best course of action in case of a nuclear attack on a major American city. Analysts call this a reasonable possibility. Our "second nuclear age" is Khan's legacy.
No wonder, then, that the globe-trotting tale of the audacious, megalomaniacal "father of the Islamic bomb" has been the subject of a mountain of investigative reporting and a shelf full of books.
Now three fine additions – "America and the Islamic Bomb" by David Armstrong and Joseph Trento, "Deception," by Adrian Levy and Catherine Scott-Clark, and The Nuclear Jihadist by Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins – take Khan's story a step further.
All are scathing indictments of the Western powers that knew what Khan was doing and yet looked the other way.
"America and the Islamic Bomb" is a chilling account of the political calculus that led five successive US presidents to turn a blind eye. "Deception" provides rich new information about Khan's life and work while making the case that Pakistan shares the credit and the blame for his notorious crimes.
"The Nuclear Jihadist," too, offers fresh, behind-the-scenes detail. Husband-and-wife reporting team Frantz and Collins spent four years crisscrossing the globe, interviewing intelligence officials and Khan's friends and former colleagues. The resulting account adds much to what was previously known about the origins of Khan's program.
In 1947, when bloody strife split Britain's subcontinental empire, a teenage Khan left his family in Bhopal, India, and followed masses of countrymen into the new Muslim nation of Pakistan. The violence he witnessed on his journey, and the indignities he suffered, engendered in the boy a lifelong hatred of India.
After studying in Germany and marrying a Dutch woman, Khan got a job working for a Dutch company that designed centrifuges for uranium enrichment – a process used to generate nuclear energy, but also the most easily concealed way to fill a nuclear warhead.
When, in 1974, India tested an atomic weapon, Khan felt his country would no longer be safe without one. So from under the noses of his colleagues, he stole blueprints, photos, and lists of materials suppliers. He packed all these, and his wife and daughters, and moved back to Pakistan to build the nation a bomb.
He did so in record time, against the predictions of Western experts, who thought Pakistan – which Khan himself described as a "country which could not make sewing needles, good and durable bicycles or even ordinary durable roads" in the early years of his weapons program – was incapable of mastering uranium enrichment technology. Khan proved them wrong.
But he didn't stop at a Pakistani bomb. As his greed and ambitions grew, Khan became what Frantz and Collins call "a nuclear Wal-Mart," peddling those secrets that had made him a national hero to other states anxious to join the "nuclear club." Stealing from work, he sold materials and plans to Pyongyang, Tehran, and Tripoli.
Even when evidence of Khan's work was indisputable, US officials calculated that it would be better to watch and wait than to antagonize a sometime-ally like Pakistan into prosecuting him.
There were a few lonely souls who tried to block Khan's way, and they are an important part of Frantz and Collins's story.
Richard Barlow, a promising young Central Intelligence Agency analyst, sounded the alarm on Khan and was run out of Washington for his temerity. Leonard Weiss, an alarmed Senate staffer, fought for decades for stronger counterproliferation measures. But such men were the exception.
The book's brightest spot is an account of the demise of Libya's nuclear ambitions. Leader Muammar Qaddafi underwrote the development of Khan's bomb in Pakistan with the understanding that his own nation would benefit.
But after Sept. 11, 2001, "[Qaddafi] recognized that international terrorism had taken a brutal turn, and he risked being crushed by the American response unless he quickly altered his ways."
Anxious, too, for the lifting of international sanctions, he cut a deal with US and British diplomats and abandoned his nuclear weapons program.
Overall, though, "The Nuclear Jihadist" leaves little room for optimism. In lively prose and well-chosen detail, it enumerates the dangers our world now faces thanks to Khan and those who abetted him. What's less clear is where we should go from here.
• Mary Wiltenburg is a freelance writer based in Atlanta.


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United Nations General Assembly Building
The United Nations General Assembly building was constructed as part of a larger complex, intended to be the Headquarters for the United Nations. The General Assembly building was built for the United Nations delegation, comprised of representatives from Member States of the United Nations, who come together annually for sessions of the General Assembly. There are three other buildings on the 18-acre complex in addition to the General Assembly building, including the Secretariat building, Conference Area, and Library, as well as landscaped plazas.
The five story General Assembly building is the northernmost structure on the United Nations Plaza in New York City, located between 1st Avenue and East River Drive, and spanning from 44th Street to 45th Street, approximately. Its footprint is a curved trapezoid, with its 380 foot long west and east facades concavely curving. These two facades have minimal ornament and are comprised of English limestone with Vermont marble panels and trimmings to correspond with the north and south facades of the Secretariat building to the southeast. The north and south facades are straight; the wider north facade has marble piers holding translucent glass panels while the south facade is comprised of a recessed marble frame holding a 53.5 foot high plate-glass window. The north facade, which opens into a massive landscaped plaza, is the main entrance to the Headquarters for the public, while the south facade, which opens into the Secretariat plaza, is the main entrance for the United Nations delegates. There is a shallow copper dome on the top center of the structure. Inside beneath the dome is the main Assembly Hall, comprising the second, third, and fourth floors of the structure at 165 feet in length, 155 feet in width, and 75 feet in height. This hall is used for the annual General Assembly meetings and has been expanded to reflect the increased membership of the United Nations. The lower levels contain conference rooms as well as the communications hub for the entire complex.
The context of the General Assembly building within United Nations Headquarters is almost the same today as it was in 1950. The only major addition, the Dag Hammarskjold Library to the south of the General Assembly building, was constructed in 1961.
The General Assembly building is an example of the modernization of building technology after World War II. The structure has a steel frame with English limestone flanking the east and west facades. The north facade is comprised of translucent glass panels, designed specifically for the building, set into marble piers, corresponding with the 53.5 foot high plate glass window of the south facade, also set within a marble frame. These cantilevered entrances illustrate the technological advances in engineering at the time. The sloping roof and shallow copper dome on top of the steel structure demonstrate the dismissal of classical proportions in modernist architecture and construction.
The design and construction of the General Assembly building and the entire United Nations complex remains a monument to the international organization in the post-World War II era. At the time of construction, these structures provided a symbol of the unification of the world with the intention of maintaining peace. In addition to the multi-national design team that created the General Assembly building, its worldly materials, such as English limestone and Vermont marble used on the exterior, demonstrate the international spirit of the time.
The General Assembly building is an example of the International Style of modern architecture, with its open interiors, minimal ornamentation, and regularity, as well as an extensive use of glass. Its design illustrates an international effort, combining the modern architectural styles of the numerous regions represented by its Board of Design Consultants, creating a unique structure that did not represent a single nation's style, but rather the architectural style of the unified world after World War II.
The design and construction of the General Assembly building in conjunction with the rest of the United Nations complex demonstrates the significance of the organization in the post-World War II era. The decision to build the complex in the modernist style illustrated the stability and prominence of the organization in a world shattered by war. Moreover, constructing this complex in New York City revealed the power and preeminence of the city at this time.
The General Assembly building represents a significant point in both modernist architecture and the post-World War II era. It is a prominent example of the collaboration of a multi-national design team aiming to create a culturally, socially, politically, and architecturally significant group of structures illustrating the desire for a unified and peaceful world. The need to expand the General Assembly hall and conference rooms over the last 60 years reveals the success of the United Nations organization, symbolized by the General Assembly building and corresponding structures on the United Nations Plaza.
"Fact Sheet: United Nations Headquarters." Visitors Services, United Nations Headquarters. 1 February 2011. ~ Hughes, C.J. "UN Headquarters Gets $1.8 Billion Facelift." Architectural Record, 20 September 2010. 1 February 2011. ~ "International Style." Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2011. 1 February 2011. ~ Longmead, Donald. "Icons of American Architecture, Volume 2." Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2009. Pages 407-415. ~ Pastore, Arthur R. Jr. "UN's Modernistic Headquarters." The Christian Science Monitor, 27 September 1952. Page 17. ~ "The Story of United Nations Headquarters." Public Inquiries Unit, United Nations. Fact Sheet No. 23, July 2006. 30 January 2011. ~ "United Nations Capital Master Plan: Frequently Asked Questions." United Nations, 2006. 1 February 2011. ~ "United Nations Plaza, New York, NY." Google Maps, 2011. 31 January 2011.


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Handyman kidnapped, forced to do home repairs, say Calif. cops
Police arrested a California couple on Monday after they allegedly held a handyman hostage and forced him to do home repairs, CBS San Francisco reports.
Investigators said the 50-year-old handyman was lured to the 4,600 square foot home south of San Jose Monday morning where 36-year-old Jason DeJesus and 33-year-old Chanelle Troedson beat and threatened to kill him, forcing him to fix several items in the house over a six-hour span. The repairs included a dishwasher and a broken door.
"The victim was pretty terrified. He was pretty shaken up and scared by
this whole incident," said Sgt. Jose Cardoza of the Santa Clara County
Sheriff's Office."
Cardoza said the handyman had done work for DeJesus' mother two months ago, which wasn't to her liking.
"There was a dispute over services rendered, the victim wasn't paid entirely," Cardoza said Tuesday. "That kind of boiled over into what occurred last night."
Authorities said the suspects forced the victim into his truck later Monday evening, where he was told that they were traveling to a relative's house to perform additional repairs. When they pulled over at a gas station to pay for gas and snacks, the victim escaped. The suspects were arrested shortly after.
DeJesus and Troedson face several felony charges including false imprisonment, kidnapping, assault with a deadly weapon, criminal threats and conspiracy.


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Christine Wu moved into fourth place on the Ivy League's all-time digs list as the Crimson defeated Penn, 3-1 (Gil Talbot).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – The Harvard women's volleyball team turned in a solid defensive performance to take down Penn Friday night at the Malkin Athletic Center, 3-1.
Christine Wu led the defensive efforts with a match-high 25 digs as the Crimson (11-8, 4-5 Ivy League) held Penn (6-13, 2-7 Ivy League) to a .085 hitting percentage, the second lowest hitting percentage by a Harvard opponent this season. Wu moved into fourth place in the Ivy League record books for career digs in the process and now stands at 1,734.
Four Crimson student-athletes recorded double-digit digs on the evening, including Taylor Docter and Natalie Doyle who each turned in a double-double. Docter matched her season high with 18 kills and dug 15 balls for her first double-double of the year while Doyle notched 18 assists and 13 digs for her sixth. Kristen Casey tallied 21 digs, seven kills and four blocks.
Harvard's front line combined for 11 blocks led by Sandra Lynne Fryhofer's six, including two solo. Fryhofer added six kills while Teresa Skelly turned in eight kills and five blocks.
The Crimson opened an 8-2 lead in the first set behind a pair of Fryhofer blocks. The Quakers evened the score at 18 following an 8-3 stretch but a kill by Casey and block from Casey and Fryhofer regained a 23-19 edge for Harvard. Caroline Walters earned set point for the Crimson, 25-20.
The teams traded the lead twice and found themselves tied five times in a back and forth second set. Penn pulled ahead 19-17 after trailing early and held a 23-21 edge following a Crimson service error. Harvard rallied to tie the score at 23 and earned set point, 26-24, following a Docter kill and Wu service ace.
Penn forced a fourth set with a 25-22 win in the third, but could not maintain its momentum as Harvard took an 8-4 lead. The Crimson led by as many as nine points in the frame, 17-8, and earned match point with a Docter kill, 25-20.
Kristen Etterbeek, Amanda Pacheco and Emma White each recorded 11 kills for the Quakers. Etterbeek and White notched 17 digs and 15 digs, respectively, for a double-double while Meghan Connolly tallied 38 assists and 16 digs.
Harvard returns to action at the MAC tomorrow against Princeton at 5:00 p.m. Fans can watch the match live online through GoCriminson.com by clicking here, or can follow the action via live stats by clicking here.


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