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Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010
Public Law 111-283
111th Congress
An Act
To amend the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 to provide that certain transition services shall be available to eligible candidates before the general election. <<NOTE: Oct. 15, 2010 - [S. 3196]>>
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, <<NOTE: Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010.>>
SECTION 1. <<NOTE: 3 USC 1 note.>> SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the "Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010".
"(i) shall <<NOTE: Notification.>> notify the candidate of the candidate's right to receive the services and facilities described in paragraph (2) and shall provide with such notice a description of the nature and scope of each such service and facility; and
"(ii) upon notification by the candidate of which such services and facilities such candidate will accept, shall, notwithstanding subsection (b), provide such services and facilities to the candidate during the period beginning on the date of the notification and ending on the date of the general elections described in subsection (b)(1).
The Administrator <<NOTE: Notification.>> shall also notify the candidate that sections 7601(c) and 8403(b) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 provide additional services.
"(i) in the case of a candidate of a major party (as defined in section 9002(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), on one of the first 3 business days following the last nominating convention for such major parties; and
"(ii) in the case of any other candidate, as soon as practicable after an individual becomes an eligible candidate (or, if later, at the same time as notice is provided under clause (i)).
"(C)(i) The Administrator <<NOTE: Deadline. Reports.>> shall, not later than 12 months before the date of each general election for President and Vice-President (beginning with the election to be held in 2012), prepare a report summarizing modern presidential transition activities, including a bibliography of relevant resources.
"(ii) The Administrator <<NOTE: Public information.>> shall promptly make the report under clause (i) generally available to the public (including through electronic means) and shall include such report with the notice provided to each eligible candidate under subparagraph (A)(i).
"(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the services and facilities described in this paragraph are the services and facilities described in subsection (a) (other than paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (7), and 8(A)(v) thereof), but only to the extent that the use of the services and facilities is for use in connection with the eligible candidate's preparations for the assumption of official duties as President or Vice-President.
"(i) shall determine the location of any office space provided to an eligible candidate under this subsection;
"(ii) shall, as appropriate, ensure that any computers or communications services provided to an eligible candidate under this subsection are secure;
"(iii) shall offer information and other assistance to eligible candidates on an equal basis and without regard to political affiliation; and
"(iv) may modify the scope of any services to be provided under this subsection to reflect that the services are provided to eligible candidates rather than the President-elect or Vice-President-elect, except that any such modification must apply to all eligible candidates.
"(C) An eligible candidate, or any person on behalf of the candidate, shall not use any services or facilities provided under this subsection other than for the purposes described in subparagraph (A), and the candidate or the candidate's campaign shall reimburse the Administrator for any unauthorized use of such services or facilities.
"(3)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an eligible candidate may establish a separate fund for the payment of expenditures in connection with the eligible candidate's preparations for the assumption of official duties as President or Vice-President, including expenditures in connection with any services or facilities provided under this subsection (whether before such services or facilities are available under this section or to supplement such services or facilities when so provided). Such fund shall be established and maintained in such manner as to qualify such fund for purposes of section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
"(I) transfer to any separate fund established under subparagraph (A) contributions (within the meaning of section 301(8) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8))) the candidate received for the general election for President or Vice-President or payments from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund under chapter 95 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 the candidate received for the general election; and
"(II) solicit and accept amounts for receipt by such separate fund.
"(ii) Any expenditures from the separate fund that are made from such contributions or payments described in clause (i)(I) shall be treated as expenditures (within the meaning of section 301(9) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 431(9))) or qualified campaign expenses (within the meaning of section 9002(11) of such Code), whichever is applicable.
"(iii) An eligible candidate establishing a separate fund under subparagraph (A) shall (as a condition for receiving services and facilities described in paragraph (2)) comply with all requirements and limitations of section 5 in soliciting or expending amounts in the same manner as the President-elect or Vice-President-elect, including reporting on the transfer and expenditure of amounts described in subparagraph (B)(i) in the disclosures required by section 5.
"(4)(A) In <<NOTE: Definition.>> this subsection, the term `eligible candidate' means, with respect to any presidential election (as defined in section 9002(10) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986)--
"(i) a candidate of a major party (as defined in section 9002(6) of such Code) for President or Vice-President of the United States; and
"(ii) any other candidate who has been determined by the Administrator to be among the principal contenders for the general election to such offices.
"(B) In making a determination under subparagraph (A)(ii), the Administrator shall--
"(i) ensure that any candidate determined to be an eligible candidate under such subparagraph--
"(I) meets the requirements described in Article II, Section 1, of the United States Constitution for eligibility to the office of President;
"(II) has qualified to have his or her name appear on the ballots of a sufficient number of States such that the total number of electors appointed in those States is greater than 50 percent of the total number of electors appointed in all of the States; and
"(III) has demonstrated a significant level of public support in national public opinion polls, so as to be realistically considered among the principal contenders for President or Vice-President of the United States; and
(b) Administrator Required To Provide Technology Coordination Upon Request.--Section 3(a)(10) of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note) is amended to read as follows:
(c) Coordination With Other Transition Services.--
(d) Conforming Amendments.--Section 3 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(8)(B), by striking ``President-elect'' and inserting ``President-elect or eligible candidate (as defined in subsection (h)(4)) for President''; and
(2) in subsection (e), by inserting ", or eligible candidate (as defined in subsection (h)(4)) for President or Vice-President,'' before "may designate''.
SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION <<NOTE: 3 USC 102 note.>> OF TRANSITION ACTIVITIES BY THE INCUMBENT ADMINISTRATION.
(a) In General.--The President of the United States, or the President's delegate, may take such actions as the President determines necessary and appropriate to plan and coordinate activities by the Executive branch of the Federal Government to facilitate an efficient transfer of power to a successor President, including--
(A) high-level officials of the Executive branch selected by the President, which may include the Chief of Staff to the President, any Cabinet officer, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Administrator of the General Services Administration, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, and the
Archivist of the United States, and
(B) any other persons the President determines appropriate;
(2) the establishment and operation of an agency transition directors council which includes career employees designated to lead transition efforts within Executive Departments or agencies;
(3) the development of guidance to Executive Departments and agencies regarding briefing materials for an incoming administration, and the development of such materials; and
(4) the development of computer software, publications, contingency plans, issue memoranda, memoranda of understanding, training and exercises (including crisis training and exercises), programs, lessons learned from previous transitions, and other items appropriate for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of a Presidential transition that may be disseminated to eligible candidates (as defined in section 3(h)(4) of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, as added by section 2(a)) and to the President-elect and Vice-President-elect.
Any information and other assistance to eligible candidates under this subsection shall be offered on an equal basis and without regard to political affiliation.
(1) In general.--The President of the United States, or the President's delegate, shall provide to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate reports describing the activities undertaken by the President and the Executive Departments and agencies to prepare for the transfer of power to a new President.
(2) Timing.--The reports under paragraph (1) shall be provided six months and three months before the date of the general election for the Office of President of the United States.
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.
Approved October 15, 2010.
SENATE REPORTS: No. 111-239 (Comm. on Homeland Security and Governmental
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 156 (2010):
Sept. 24, considered and passed Senate.
Sept. 28, 29, considered and passed House.


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Reality star Shain Gandee died from accidental carbon monoxide poisoning, coroners have ruled.
The 21-year-old "Buckwild" star and his uncle David were found dead in a car in West Virginia on Monday, just 31 hours after they were reported missing upon failing to return home from an off-road driving trip.
Another victim, whose name has not been released, was also discovered inside the Ford Bronco, which was partially submerged in a mud hole, and now autopsy results have confirmed the three died after inhaling a fatal amount of toxic fumes.
It is not known if the clogged exhaust pipe caused the gas to infiltrate the cabin, but all three deaths have been ruled accidental by officials at the Kanawha County Sheriff's Department.
Funeral arrangements have yet to be announced as Gandee's family is struggling to cover the costs of the memorial. They have appealed for donations from members of the public to put towards the fee.
Network bosses at MTV have suspended production on the show's second season as the cast continues to grieve.

subset: commoncrawl


text: The Suns (4-5 second half, 40-39 overall) took the lead in the top of the sixth when Southern League All-Star Brady Shoemaker hit a three-run home run to right-center to put Jacksonville in front 4-3 before rain forced a suspension of Friday's game. When the game resumed on Saturday, the BayBears took a 6-4 lead with RBI singles from Jon Griffin, Garrett Weber and Sean Jamieson in the bottom of the eighth inning in Hank Aaron Stadium in Mobile, Ala. Kyle Winkler (1-0) earned the win after holding the Suns without a run on one hit with two strikeouts in his 2?2/3 innings of relief. ... In the second game, the BayBears scored the only run they needed on a leadoff homer from Sean Jamieson in the bottom of the first. Jose Urena (6-6) took the loss for Jacksonville.


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Welcome back to the banking blog. Today we have someone in a vital yet little-known and understood area in investment banking: risk and compliance. These are the people employed by a bank to stop its bankers from breaking the rules or taking excessive risks.
Let's call him Mark. A veteran of several decades in the City, he is a true idealist and is coming into the threads below over the next 72 hours to answer questions and discuss his views. Can I encourage in particular others in risk and compliance to join the conversation?
You can read the full transcript of Mark's words here. His best quote (IMHO): "The thing with risk and control is that it's impossible to put a number on a loss you averted by saying 'no' to something. Meanwhile when a deal goes through, the trader can put a number on the profit generated."
This is one of the big questions in finance these days; how do you get "front office" traders to obey the risk and compliance "middle-office" when it's the traders who make the money that pays for the salaries of the compliance people? Indeed, the implicit hierarchy between the two seems neatly encapsulated in the terms "front" versus "middle" (the "back" office settles the digital paperwork).
For a long time Mark sat on the trading floor. The divide in treatment of trading ("front") and support functions ("middle") is immense, he said. "A telling anecdote: We would go play football, traders and support, after work. One time we were late, so we took taxis. The traders could claim that through expenses without a second thought, but we couldn't. It was only a few pounds, obviously, so it was all about the symbolism. We refused to pay causing a huge headache for various managers who had to blame each other for the need to enforce this petty rule. This went on for weeks before we paid up."
Finance is hugely diverse and Mark was specialised in equity derivatives. From how he describes it, its social utility isn't immediately apparent:
"Most money made in the 90s was from 'tax and dividend arbitrage'. Example: the Italian government wanted to encourage foreigners buying Italian shares. So they said, if you are a foreigner you get 140% of that share's dividend, effectively a subsidy. At the same time Italian nationals would get only 80% of that dividend, a withholding tax.
"A trader will look at this and say: right, I can arbitrage this. I will get a foreigner to buy the share, then effectively sell it to an Italian national via a derivative. Out of the 60% difference in dividend receipts, the foreigner gets 20%, the Italian gets 20%, and my bank gets 20%.
"Sounds great, doesn't it? Except of course for the Italian government. So what happens when the government catches on: they create a massive backlog for any tax claims by processing them extremely slowly. That way inflation eats away at any gains. The bank is left with a tax credit on its balance sheet which is in effect worthless. The only winner is the trader, who pocketed his bonus when the trade went through and who probably moved on to another bank years ago."
How does the 2008 financial crisis look from a risk and compliance point of view? "What happened is simple: banks provided cheap credit to individuals and governments, and kept doing that by packaging the debts as Collateralised Debt Obligations (CDOs). It looked too good to be true and it was. Banks worked out what rating agencies wanted and manipulated their models until they fit and the agencies declared all that cheap credit super safe. The rating agencies deserve a huge portion of the blame."
What should have happened? "We should have let more of the banks fail. We should have let the insurance companies who bought the CDOs fail. We should have let people who borrowed too much lose their homes - a home they couldn't afford in the first place. This is how people learn what risk is."
Some may think that bankers are all the same, and that they are in it together - against us outsiders. Mark's words suggest once again there are allies on the inside. "We need to punish and humiliate key figures [in finance]," he says. "This applies across the industry. Some of the CEOs are like criminals who got off on a technicality. We should have chucked a few in jail, make an example out of them. You need to make these people's social standing go down and then the rest will be much more worried than just losing their job and retiring with a few million in their bank account."
And don't stop at the investment bankers, he added: "I hope the next big scandal is exposing the fund manager industry. Their fee structure is completely opaque. I reviewed my own pension returns and discovered it had grown only very modestly over the last two decades. Not because the markets went down but because so much went in fees. Fund managers are worse than investment bankers."
Anyway, Mark concludes, do let's see things in perspective: "The hardship in western economies, no matter how bad, is nothing compared to life for the poor in a place such as India."
Read the rest of the interview here, with very provocative passages on the changing nature of the City: "Far less honour and far more diversity." There is also good stuff on who exactly benefits from short-selling, and on why a sentence like "this bank's balance sheet is the size of the UK's GDP" is comparing apples and pears.
In particular, if you think about leaving a comment, please read the entire interview first.
• This banking blog features interviews with insiders across the industry. Here is a guide to help you find your way. So far there have been two others interviews with people in risk and compliance. This veteran looked at "sovereign risk" and says :"The sector as a whole has become relentlessly focused on profit, and out to screw the customer."
This female risk and compliance officer truly hated her job because front-office bankers "see us as football players might look at linesmen; losers running back and forth along a line, stopping players from scoring or doing great things".
This article originally appeared on guardian.co.uk


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At least 73 Iraqis were killed and scores wounded in suicide bomb attacks against two popular pet markets in Baghdad on Friday, shattering months of relative calm and normalcy in the capital.
The bombings, which bore all the hallmarks of previous attacks attributed to Al Qaeda-linked militants, came days after the new commander of US troops in Baghdad had warned that the terror group may strike in a more brutal way.
The markets hit are frequented mostly by poor Shiite Muslims, prompting some observers to warn they might reignite sectarian reprisal killings, which had dropped significantly in recent months. Baghdad's relative calm in recent months is attributed to the surge in the number of US troops, the stepped up operations and presence of Iraqi security forces in Baghdad, and a freeze ordered by Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr on the activities of his Mahdi Army militia.
"The vengeful terrorists are committing these crimes to give the impression that they can turn back the clock and derail our people's efforts towards reconciliation," said President Jalal Talabani in a statement that put the death toll from both attacks at about 70.
"This horrific new crime is strongly condemned and must be confronted and condemned unequivocally by all."
The mid-morning attacks occurred on a sunny and crisp winter day at the start of the two-day weekend here. They come at a time when Baghdadis have been venturing out in greater numbers each weekend, visiting open-air markets, parks, and restaurants. This freedom of movement and confidence in the security situation was boosted at the end of 2007, when the government lifted a Friday daytime curfew to guard against potential attacks on mosques, which are usually filled with prayer-goers on this day.
On this Friday, the first and deadliest attack occurred in the bustling open air Ghazil pet bazaar in the central market area of Shorja. It was carried out by a female suicide bomber dressed in an abaya - the traditional black head to toe cover worn by most Iraqi women in public over their clothing.
Iraqi security forces told the Associated Press that at least 46 people were killed and 100 wounded in the attack on Ghazil, which has been targeted several times before. In November, 15 people died in a bomb attack.
The second attack took place 20 minutes later at a bird market across from a cinema in the working class neighborhood of Baghdad Jadida, on the southeastern side of the capital. It killed at least 27 people, wounded 67, and also involved a female suicide bomber in traditional dress.
The Iraqi government-funded television station, Al-Iraqiya, reported only briefly on the attacks. It quoted the spokesman for the Baghdad security operations, Brig. Gen. Qassim Atta, as saying that the women were both mentally unstable and thereby not fully aware of what they were doing. He said they had been wired with explosives that were detonated remotely.
There was no immediate comment by the US military but Maj. Gen. Jeffery Hammond, the incoming commander of US-led multinational forces in Baghdad, warned against precisely this type of event in a briefing with reporters on Tuesday. He expected that Al Qaeda-linked militants would try regaining the initiative by using high-profile and complex attacks.
"We did a magnificent job of creating safe neighborhoods and safe markets…we put up Texas T-wall barriers in order to protect the people so that they can live…trade and run their markets," General Hammond said.
"I think Al Qaeda has discovered that because a great job as been done, they just cannot drive their VBIEDs [vehicle-borne improvised explosive devises] like they used to…we see an adjustment that is the suicide vest attack."
In fact, most of the bazaars in and around the Baghdad neighborhood of Shorja have been ringed for months now with tall concrete walls to safeguard against the threat of car bombs, which were common in the area in the past. The use of women, who are treated with great deference in a conservative and tribal society such as Iraq, to carry out attacks is an effective way of evading detection.
Qusay Ali, a resident of Baghdad's staunchly Shiite slum of Sadr City, was a regular at the Ghazil market but stopped going after the November attack. He blames Sunni extremists for the attacks because he says it's common knowledge that most of the vendors and customers at these markets are Shiite and are mostly from Sadr City.
Mr. Ali says, like many in Sadr City, he is an avid pigeon keeper and going to markets like Ghazil and other pet markets in the city is an opportunity for aficionados to meet and buy and sell birds.
"There are many young kids in Sadr City that are into this hobby. Few Sunnis are into it," he says.
He predicts another cycle of revenge killings among Sunnis and Shiites as a result of this latest attack.
Friday's attacks in Baghdad came just three weeks before the second anniversary of the destruction of a revered Shiite shrine in the city of Samarra, north of Baghdad. That bombing unleashed an unprecedented wave of sectarian violence, and is frequently cited as the onset of a "civil war" in Iraq.


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- About us
- Blogs
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- Google SoC
- Recent posts
- Security Workshops
After another great year of Google Summer of Code 2013 and another 14 successful student projects, The Honeynet Project and students world-wide were eagerly waiting to hear if Google would decide to run GSoC again. 2014 marks a special milestone as the 10th year of GSoC, so Google broke from tradition and announced the GSoC 2014 program dates in early October, before the GSoC 2013 Mentors Summit (which our members once again enjoyed attending and contributing to). Hopefully the past decade of GSoC success means great things for open source, interested students and the Honeynet Project once again this summer!
The GSoC 2014 programme starts about a month earlier than usual, with the first major milestone being the deadline for Mentoring Organization applications by 19:00 UTC on Friday February 14th.
We really enjoyed our experience as a successful mentoring organization in Google Summer of Code 2009, Google Summer of Code 2010, Google Summer of Code 2011, Google Summer of Code 2012 and Google Summer of Code 2013 so we are very happy to announce that we have once again applied to participate as a mentoring organization in GSoC 2014.
Google will be reviewing Org applications over the coming days then announcing the official list of participating mentoring Orgs for GSoC 2014 on their official blog on 19:00 UTC on Monday February 24th. Usually 300-500 potential mentoring organizations apply, with only 150-200 lucky Orgs being selected. In the mean time, potential mentoring orgs will be improving their project ideas, preparing mentors, fielding student questions and keeping their fingers crossed in the hope of being selected.
Potential GSoC students and other interested parties view our still under development list of possible project ideas and potential mentors. As in previous years, this list of proposed project ideas is not definitive and (assuming we get selected to participate) will remain a work in progress until GSoC 2014 student applications officially start on March 10th. We are also still open to receiving and mentoring interesting and novel project ideas received from students, including informal contact before official student applications begin. We will also probably post a public survey link here and on our main blog to allow anyone interested to suggest project ideas too. So if there is a research topic you are interested in working on this summer, please suggest it, or get in touch to discuss it further.
The third and fourth milestones GSoC 2014 milestones (after Org application and Org selection) will be student applications and acceptance. GSoC 2014 student applications begins on March 10th at 19:00 UTC and closed on March 21st at 19:00 UTC. These dates are over a month earlier than last year, meaning that the GSoC 2014 timeline looks quite different to previous years, so please make sure you check the official GSoC 2014 timeline carefully if you plan on applying.
To avoid disappointment and missed deadlines, if you are a student applying to GSoC this year, please make sure you submit your student application well in advance and don't leave it to the last minute! A good idea is to begin talking to us as soon as Google announces the official list of GSoC 2014 mentoring orgs (ie from February 24th). The sooner is usually the better, although since GSoC is highly competitive for both students and Orgs, we obviously cannot guarantee we will be selected to participate this year. Please bear that in mind when making contact.
On April 21st Google will officially announce the list of approximately 1000 lucky students who will be accepted to participate in GSoC 2014. We very much hope that many of you reading this page will be amongst that number and about to start working for the summer on another exciting information security project with The Honeynet Project.
You can find our in progress GSoC 2014 ideas page here:
Often students ask us what kind of projects we are likely to be offering in a coming year. If you want to get an idea of the kind of projects ideas we proposed and the accepted projects we ran during GSoC 2009-2013, you can view these here:
* GSoC 2013 Project Ideas
* GSoC 2013 Accepted Projects
* GSoC 2012 Project Ideas
* GSoC 2012 Accepted Projects
* GSoC 2011 Project Ideas
* GSoC 2011 Accepted Projects
* GSoC 2010 Project Ideas
* GSoC 2010 Accepted Projects
* GSoC 2009 Project Ideas
* GSoC 2009 Accepted Projects
If you are wondering what participating in GSoC as a student with the Honeynet Project feels like, you can read last year's weekly student blogs to find out more about their experiences:
* GSoC 2013 Weekly Student Blogs
You could also watch previous students Sebastien Popleau present on his Ghost USB Honeypot, Claudio Guarnieri present on Cuckoo sandbox or Maximilian Hills talk on using his HoneyProxy for man-in-the-middle traffic analysis at recent public workshops.
If you have any questions, please drop by in our #gsoc-honeynet IRC channel on irc.freenode.net and say "hi" (note you may need to idle there for a few hours before you get an answer to a specific question, as our members do have to sleep and come from timezones all over the world, so please be patient and wait a few hours before chasing a response).
We still have our public mailing list for interested prospective GSoC students to get in touch and discuss project ideas for GSoC with the Honeynet Project - see https://public.honeynet.org/mailman/listinfo/gsoc for details. Please sign up if you have any questions about getting involved with the Honeynet Project in GSoC 2014.
Our GSoC 2014 organisational administrators this year are:
So with the US, Europe and Asia covered we can hopefully offer students and mentors round the clock support again this year!
You can find copies of recent presentations by our Chief Research Officer David Watson on our achievements during GSoC 2009 to GSoC 2012 or GSoC 2009 and GSoC 2010, which hopefully provide a good introduction to the Honeynet Project and our collective activities from recent GSoCs. You can also read/watch David's presentations from two of our recent annual workshops in the San Francisco Bay Area (2012) or Paris (2011) too.
To get a feel for how previous successful GSoC student projects are advancing our knowledge and capabilities and generating benefits in the read world, see:
* Threatpost: Android reverse engineering toolset
* SC Magazine: Cuckoo and Malwr.com open source sandbox
* Dark Reading: Simplifying Android malware analysis
* SANS: Forensic challenges and Android malware
* Dark Reading: Honeysink for sinkholing botnets
* Dark Reading: Studying stealthy attacks
* Dark Reading: Web vulnerability honeypots
GSoC is not the only way you can become involved in the with honeynet technologies and open source software - check out our current or historic series of forensic challenges. Or learn more about the practical, real world application of honeynet technology in our popular series of "Know Your Enemy" whitepapers, which now include projects and tools output from previous GSoCs students or mentors such as PicViz, Glastopf, Qebek or Conficker.
Feel free to contact us at https://public.honeynet.org/mailman/listinfo/gsoc or [email protected] at any time.


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Media executives around the globe are clamoring for new and alternative business models and industry associations everywhere are holding seminars and conferences on how to create and discover them. There is just one problem: They don't know what business models are.
When you cut through the rhetoric, you find that most executives are merely interested in finding new revenue streams. Even when you consider firms touted as having best practices in that regard, none have been very successful in establishing them. The reason is simple: The dominant thought about business models is highly limited and far too narrow to solve the contemporary challenges of media industries.
Business models are not merely about the revenue streams. Instead, they establish the underlying business logic and elements. They involve the foundations upon which businesses built, such as companies' competences, value created, products/services provided, customers served, relationships established with customers and partner firms, and the operational requirements. If you get those elements right, the revenue issues take care of themselves.
The biggest problem of media business models today is not that the revenue model is diminishing in effectiveness, but that most media companies are still trying to sell nineteenth and twentieth century products in the twenty-first century. And they are trying to do so without changing the value they provide and the relationships within which they are provided.
Because of the enormous changes in technology, economics, and lifestyle in recent decades, the needs of customers have changed, they kinds of content they want, and the ways they obtain news, information, and entertainment have been dramatically altered. If media firms do not address these changes in consumer needs and behavior, no amount of worry about revenue streams will stem the fundamental challenge that audiences are leaving traditional print and broadcast media behind for content providers and distribution platforms that better serve their needs.
The content of traditional media products were created in specific technical, economic, and information environments that no longer exist. In order to evolve and prosper media companies must revisit the foundations of their businesses, ensure they are providing the central value that customers want, and provide their products/services in a unique or different way from other media firms.
The range of technologies and distribution and interactive platforms available in the twenty-first century require that firms increasingly see their business activities as cooperative processes requiring coordination and interdependence with external firms and customers themselves. Standing isolated and alone—at arms distance from the customer—is no longer a viable option.
This is not to say that firms must make sudden and dramatic changes in their business models, but they must start revisiting all the aspects to make regular incremental improvements and changes. Questions need to be asked about what is provided, why it is provided, how it is provided, and the entire structures and operations of firms. These need to be addressed first, then the revenue models can be sorted out and improved.
Monday, April 19, 2010
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Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer
What is computed tomography?
Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging procedure that uses special x-ray equipment to create detailed pictures, or scans, of areas inside the body. It is also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT).
The term tomography comes from the Greek words tomos (a cut, a slice, or a section) and graphein (to write or record). Each picture created during a CT procedure shows the organs, bones, and other tissues in a thin "slice" of the body. The entire series of pictures produced in CT is like a loaf of sliced bread—you can look at each slice individually (2-dimensional pictures), or you can look at the whole loaf (a 3-dimensional picture). Computer programs are used to create both types of pictures.
Most modern CT machines take continuous pictures in a helical (or spiral) fashion rather than taking a series of pictures of individual slices of the body, as the original CT machines did. Helical CT has several advantages over older CT techniques: it is faster, produces better 3-D pictures of areas inside the body, and may detect small abnormalities better. The newest CT scanners, called multislice CT or multidetector CT scanners, allow more slices to be imaged in a shorter period of time.
In addition to its use in cancer, CT is widely used to help diagnose circulatory (blood) system diseases and conditions, such as coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis), blood vessel aneurysms, and blood clots; spinal conditions; kidney and bladder stones; abscesses; inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and sinusitis; and injuries to the head, skeletal system, and internal organs. CT can be a life-saving tool for diagnosing illness and injury in both children and adults.
What can a person expect during a CT procedure?
During a CT procedure, the person lies very still on a table, and the table passes slowly through the center of a large x-ray machine. With some types of CT scanners, the table stays still and the machine moves around the person. The person might hear whirring sounds during the procedure. At times during a CT procedure, the person may be asked to hold their breath to prevent blurring of the images.
Sometimes, CT involves the use of a contrast (imaging) agent, or "dye." The dye may be given by mouth, injected into a vein, given by enema, or given in all three ways before the procedure. The contrast dye highlights specific areas inside the body, resulting in clearer pictures. Iodine and barium are two dyes commonly used in CT.
In very rare cases, the contrast agents used in CT can cause allergic reactions. Some people experience mild itching or hives (small bumps on the skin). Symptoms of a more serious allergic reaction include shortness of breath and swelling of the throat or other parts of the body. People should tell the technologist immediately if they experience any of these symptoms, so they can be treated promptly. Very rarely, the contrast agents used in CT can also cause kidney problems in certain patients. These kidney problems usually do not have any symptoms, but they can be detected by running a simple test on a blood sample.
CT does not cause any pain. However, lying in one position during the procedure may be slightly uncomfortable. The length of a CT procedure depends on the size of the area being scanned, but it usually lasts only a few minutes to half an hour. For most people, the CT is performed on an outpatient basis at a hospital or a radiology center, without an overnight hospital stay.
Some people are concerned about experiencing claustrophobia during a CT procedure. However, most CT scanners surround only portions of the body, not the whole body. Therefore, people are not enclosed in a machine and are unlikely to feel claustrophobic.
Women should let their health care provider and the technologist know if there is any possibility that they are pregnant, because radiation from CT can harm a growing fetus.
How is CT used in cancer?
CT is used in cancer in many different ways:
- To detect abnormal growths
- To help diagnose the presence of a tumor
- To provide information about the stage of a cancer
- To determine exactly where to perform (i.e., guide) a biopsy procedure
- To guide certain local treatments, such as cryotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and the implantation of radioactive seeds
- To help plan external-beam radiation therapy or surgery
- To determine whether a cancer is responding to treatment
- To detect recurrence of a tumor
How is CT used in cancer screening?
Studies have shown that CT can be effective in both colorectal cancer screening (including screening for large polyps) and lung cancer screening.
Colorectal cancer
CT colonography (also known as virtual colonoscopy) can be used to screen for both large colorectal polyps and colorectal tumors. CT colonography uses the same dose of radiation that is used in standard CT of the abdomen and pelvis, which is about 10 millisieverts (mSv) (1). (By comparison, the estimated average annual dose received from natural sources of radiation is about 3 mSv.) As with standard (optical) colonoscopy, a thorough cleansing of the colon is performed before this test. During the examination, air or carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the colon to expand it for better viewing.
The National CT Colonography Trial, an NCI-sponsored clinical trial, found that the accuracy of CT colonography is similar to that of standard colonoscopy. CT colonography is less invasive than standard colonoscopy and has a lower risk of complications. However, if polyps or other abnormal growths are found on CT colonography, a standard colonoscopy is usually performed to remove them.
Whether CT colonography can help reduce the death rate from colorectal cancer is not yet known, and most insurance companies (and Medicare) do not currently reimburse the costs of this procedure. Also, because CT colonography can produce images of organs and tissues outside the colon, it is possible that non-colorectal abnormalities may be found. Some of these "extra-colonic" findings will be serious, but many will not be, leading to unnecessary additional tests and surgeries.
Lung cancer
The NCI-sponsored National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) showed that people aged 55 to 74 years with a history of heavy smoking are 20 percent less likely to die from lung cancer if they are screened with low-dose helical CT than if they are screened with standard chest x-rays. (Previous studies had shown that screening with standard chest x-rays does not reduce the death rate from lung cancer.) The estimated amount of radiation in a low-dose helical CT procedure is 1.5 mSv (1).
Despite the effectiveness of low-dose helical CT for lung cancer screening in heavy smokers, the NLST identified risks as well as benefits. For example, people screened with low-dose helical CT had a higher overall rate of false-positive results (that is, findings that appeared to be abnormal even though no cancer was present), a higher rate of false-positive results that led to an invasive procedure (such as bronchoscopy or biopsy), and a higher rate of serious complications from an invasive procedure than those screened with standard x-rays. NCI's Patient and Physician Guide: National Lung Screening Trial provides more information on the benefits and harms.
The benefits of helical CT in screening for lung cancer may vary, depending on how similar someone is to the people who participated in the NLST. The benefits may also be greater for those with a higher lung cancer risk, and the harms may be more pronounced for those who have more medical problems (like heart or other lung disease), which could increase problems arising from biopsies and other surgery.
People who think that they have an increased risk of lung cancer and are interested in screening with low-dose helical CT should discuss the appropriateness and the benefits and risks of lung cancer screening with their doctors. They should also be aware that, because the technique is fairly new, some insurance plans do not currently cover it.
What is total, or whole-body, CT?
Total, or whole-body, CT creates pictures of nearly every area of the body—from the chin to below the hips. This procedure, which is used routinely in patients who already have cancer, can also be used in people who do not have any symptoms of disease. However, whole-body CT has not been shown to be an effective screening method for healthy people. Most abnormal findings from this procedure do not indicate a serious health problem, but the tests that must be done to follow up and rule out a problem can be expensive, inconvenient, and uncomfortable. In addition, whole-body CT can expose people to relatively large amounts of ionizing radiation—about 12 mSv, or four times the estimated average annual dose received from natural sources of radiation. Most doctors recommend against whole-body CT for people without any signs or symptoms of disease.
What is combined PET/CT?
Combined PET/CT uses two imaging methods, CT and positron emission tomography (PET), in one procedure. CT is done first to create anatomic pictures of the organs and structures in the body, and then PET is done to create colored pictures that show chemical or other functional changes in tissues.
Different types of positron-emitting (radioactive) substances can be used in PET. Depending on the substance used, different kinds of chemical or functional changes can be imaged. The most common type of PET procedure uses an imaging agent called FDG (a radioactive form of the sugar glucose), which shows the metabolic activity of tissues. Because cancerous tumors are usually more metabolically active than normal tissues, they appear different from other tissues on a PET scan. Other PET imaging agents can provide information about the level of oxygen in a particular tissue, the formation of new blood vessels, the presence of bone growth, or whether tumor cells are actively dividing and growing.
Combining CT and PET may provide a more complete picture of a tumor's location and growth or spread than either test alone. The combined procedure may improve the ability to diagnose cancer, to determine how far a tumor has spread, to plan treatment, and to monitor response to treatment. Combined PET/CT may also reduce the number of additional imaging tests and other procedures a patient needs.
Is the radiation from CT harmful?
Some people may be concerned about the amount of radiation they receive during CT. CT imaging involves the use of x-rays, which are a form of ionizing radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation is known to increase the risk of cancer. Standard x-ray procedures, such as routine chest x-rays and mammography, use relatively low levels of ionizing radiation. The radiation exposure from CT is higher than that from standard x-ray procedures, but the increase in cancer risk from one CT scan is still small. Not having the procedure can be much more risky than having it, especially if CT is being used to diagnose cancer or another serious condition in someone who has signs or symptoms of disease.
It is commonly thought that the extra risk of any one person developing a fatal cancer from a typical CT procedure is about 1 in 2,000 (2). In contrast, the lifetime risk of dying from cancer in the U.S. population is about 1 in 5 (3).
It is also important to note that everyone is exposed to some background level of naturally occurring ionizing radiation every day. The average person in the United States receives an estimated effective dose of about 3 millisieverts (mSv) per year from naturally occurring radioactive materials, such as radon and radiation from outer space (1). By comparison, the radiation exposure from one low-dose CT scan of the chest (1.5 mSv) is comparable to 6 months of natural background radiation, and a regular-dose CT scan of the chest (7 mSv) is comparable to 2 years of natural background radiation (1).
The widespread use of CT and other procedures that use ionizing radiation to create images of the body has raised concerns that even small increases in cancer risk could lead to large numbers of future cancers (4, 5). People who have CT procedures as children may be at higher risk because children are more sensitive to radiation and have a longer life expectancy than adults. Women are at a somewhat higher risk than men of developing cancer after receiving the same radiation exposures at the same ages (6).
People considering CT should talk with their doctors about whether the procedure is necessary for them and about its risks and benefits. Some organizations recommend that people keep a record of the imaging examinations they have received in case their doctors don't have access to all of their health records. A sample form, called My Medical Imaging History, was developed by the Radiological Society of North America, the American College of Radiology, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It includes questions to ask the doctor before undergoing any x-ray exam or treatment procedure.
What are the risks of CT scans for children?
Radiation exposure from CT scans affects adults and children differently. Children are considerably more sensitive to radiation than adults because of their growing bodies and the rapid pace at which the cells in their bodies divide. In addition, children have a longer life expectancy than adults, providing a larger window of opportunity for radiation-related cancers to develop (7).
Individuals who have had multiple CT scans before the age of 15 were found to have an increased risk of developing leukemia, brain tumors (8), and other cancers (9) in the decade following their first scan. However, the lifetime risk of cancer from a single CT scan was small—about one case of cancer for every 10,000 scans performed on children.
In talking with health care providers, three key questions that the parents can ask are: why is the test needed? Will the results change the treatment decisions? Is there an alternative test that doesn't involve radiation? If the test is clinically justified, then the parents can be reassured that the benefits will outweigh the small long-term risks.
What is being done to reduce the level of radiation exposure from CT?
In response to concerns about the increased risk of cancer associated with CT and other imaging procedures that use ionizing radiation, several organizations and government agencies have developed guidelines and recommendations regarding the appropriate use of these procedures.
- In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Radiation Exposure from Medical Imaging. This initiative focuses on the safe use of medical imaging devices, informed decision-making about when to use specific imaging procedures, and increasing patients' awareness of their radiation exposure. Key components of the initiative include avoiding repeat procedures, keeping doses as low as possible while maximizing image quality, and using imaging only when appropriate. The FDA also produced Reducing Radiation from Medical X-rays, a guide for consumers that includes information about the risks of medical x-rays, steps consumers can take to reduce radiation risks, and a table that shows the radiation dose of some common medical x-ray exams.
- The NIH Clinical Center requires that radiation dose exposures from CT and other imaging procedures be included in the electronic medical records of patients treated at the center (10). In addition, all imaging equipment purchased by NIH must provide data on exposure in a form that can be tracked and reported electronically. This patient protection policy is being adopted by other hospitals and imaging facilities.
- NCI's website includes a guide for health care providers, Radiation Risks and Pediatric Computed Tomography (CT): A Guide for Health Care Providers. The guide addresses the value of CT as a diagnostic tool in children, unique considerations for radiation exposure in children, risks to children from radiation exposure, and measures to minimize exposure.
- The American College of Radiology (ACR) has developed the ACR Appropriateness Criteria®, evidence-based guidelines to help providers make appropriate imaging and treatment decisions for a number of clinical conditions. These guidelines and supporting documents are available on ACR's website.
- ACR has also established the Dose Index Registry, which collects anonymized information related to dose indices for all CT exams at participating facilities. Data from the registry can be used to compare radiology facilities and to establish national benchmarks.
- CT scanner manufacturers are developing newer cameras and detector systems that can provide higher quality images at much lower radiation doses.
What is NCI doing to improve CT imaging?
Researchers funded by NCI are studying ways to improve the use of CT in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment. NCI also conducts and sponsors clinical trials that are testing ways to improve CT or new uses of CT imaging technology. Some of these clinical trials are run by the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN), a clinical trials cooperative group that is funded in part by NCI. ACRIN performed the National CT Colonography Trial, which tested the use of CT for colorectal cancer screening, and participated in the NLST, which tested the use of CT for lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals.
NCI's Cancer Imaging Program (CIP), part of the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD), funds cancer-related basic, translational, and clinical research in imaging sciences and technology. CIP supports the development of novel imaging agents for CT and other types of imaging procedures to help doctors better locate cancer cells in the body.
Where can people get more information about CT?
Additional information about CT imaging is available from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the federal agency that regulates food, drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, biologics, and radiation-emitting products. The FDA can be contacted at:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
10903 New Hampshire Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20993
Information about diagnostic radiology, including CT imaging, is also available at RadiologyInfo.org, the public information website of the Radiological Society of North America and the American College of Radiology.


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EFFINGHAM COUNTY, GA, Apr 22, 2014 (Marketwired via COMTEX) — Medient Studios, Inc. (OTCQB: MDNT) ('Medient') announced today that it will present to various investment banks, fund managers, institutional and high net worth investors at the Growth Capital Expo ('GCE') in Las Vegas, Nevada on April 29th-May 1, 2014.
Manu Kumaran, Chairman of the Board of Medient, stated, "We made a promise to our shareholders to become more aggressive in educating Wall Street about Medient and the Studioplex. Through similar presentations over the last five months our shareholder base has grown approximately four fold."
About the Growth Capital Expo The Growth Capital Expo brings together the best ideas, the most promising companies and the top deal makers in emerging growth finance for three days of education and networking in the nation's premier destination for meetings and entertainment.
About Medient Studios Medient Studios, Inc. (OTCQB: MDNT) ('Medient') (www.medient.com) is an entertainment content creation company with a strong presence in North America, Europe and India. Medient's management team has approximately 150 years of experience in the motion picture industry and is responsible for producing and/or financing over 250 movies. Medient is realigning the content creation process to enable efficiencies of scale and eliminate process waste by building a fully integrated movie and electronic game production facility as part of its Studioplex on a 1,560-acre property in Effingham County, Georgia. Once operational this production facility will be the largest of its kind in the United States.
Safe Harbor Statement The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements. Certain information included in this press release contains statements that are forward-looking, such as statements related to the future anticipated direction of the industry, plans for future expansion, various business development activities, planned or required capital expenditures, future funding sources, anticipated sales growth, and potential contracts. Such forward-looking information involves important risks and uncertainties that could significantly affect anticipated results in the future and, accordingly, such results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, the company. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those relating to development and expansion activities, dependence on existing management, financing activities, domestic and global economic conditions, and other risks and uncertainties described in the Company's periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.


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Message Board
Susan Kearney Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Kearney has written!
Author Kearney's Book Reviews
The Challenge
Tor, Feb 2005, 6.99, 388 pp. ISBN: 0765348918 Special Agent in Charge Tessa Camen is guarding the President of the United States (POTUS) when assassins attack. Tessa saves Madam President from the first assault, getting her out of Jefferson Central High School, but the coordination with her team fails and she is alone. She gets POTUS to the car, but instead of one of her men as the driver, a killer draws a gun. Tessa leaps in front of POTUS t...


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I'm a libertarian lawyer and college professor. I blog on religion, history, constitutional law, government policy, philosophy, sexuality, and the American Founding. Everything is fair game though. Over the years, I've been involved in numerous group blogs that come and go. This blog archives almost everything I write. Email your questions or comments to firstname.lastname@example.com
Saturday, July 16, 2005
I obviously respect Brian Leiter's intelligence, academic accomplishments and prestigious place that he holds in the law & philosophy interdisciplinary field. As an academic myself, I'm clearly not in his league, and doubt I ever will be. That said, I don't too much care for the rhetorical style he uses on his blog and think, in the long run, it will hurt him by making him look like "the bad guy." (Unless he's trying to become the Ann Coulter [Leiter's fellow Michigan law alum] of the left-blogsphere).
Well something interesting has occurred with another alum of Leiter's: Steve Burton, a former friend and fellow student with Leiter in University of Michigan's PhD in philosophy program. Burton blogs at Right Reason, a conservative blog with a socially conservative bent.
You may remember when I linked to a piece by Ed Feser, one of their contributors, where he defended a Thomistic understanding of natural sex. Feser argued that natural sex is "procreative sex." Francis Beckwith, another RR contributor wondered if contracepted sex between married couples could be understood as "natural," to which Max Goss, editor of the site, responded, "no," because, "It would justify sodomy."
Anyway Burton wrote a post attacking Leiter's blogsphere conduct, Burton trying to give Leiter a taste of his own medicine by using an especially harsh and insulting tone. Leiter responded in the comments section by "outing" his former friend. And an interesting dialogue continued from there.
For my comments section: Was Leiter's outing justified?
13 comments:
Snap, I thought you had meant outed in the sense of breaking his anonymity, a conclusion that seemed logical given his reason spat with Non-Volokh. Actually outed in the normal, out of the closet sense, is something else entirely. Having just started to read the comments, it seems to me that Leiter is being a particuarly egregious thug. That might change, but I doubt it.
- Jason Kuznicki said...
I read the first two paragraphs of the post from Right Reason and discovered nothing but name-calling with not the least bit of substantive argument. Why do you bother with these people?
- bls said...
It seems odd that in this day and age, an adult can be "outed" at all. As the saying goes, homosexuality is a very ordinary reality in America today, and it seems strange to me that a Professor would need to stay in the closet in liberal academia.
I think probably the outer was doing that, though, and if anything, it's all just plain creepy - like something out of the 50s or something.
- David mazel said...
If Burton needs to hide anything from his academic peers, it's not his homosexuality--it's the ideological misfire in his brain. Consider this statement, excerpted from his comment appended to his Right Reason post of July 10:
"The radical left has never treated gay people like anything but dirt - as soon as they were through using them for their own purposes."
Until reading Burton, I hadn't been aware that all this time it was the radical left urging that gay people be thrown in prison. I had been unaware that all this time, it was the left arguing that gay people should not be permitted to teach in our schools, have legal protection against employment discrimination, and enjoy the legal and emotional benefits of marriage. If only James Dobson had known!
Maybe if I just wait a little longer, the radical left will be through using Barney Frank and Tony Kushner for their own purposes and start treating them like dirt. After all, they've "never" done anything else. It's a historical fact. Look at the way those radical leftists treated Liberace.
Like Jason said, why bother with these people?
- bls said...
Well, I hate to mention it, but it's pretty well true that the left hated homosexuals with exactly the same intensity as the right did until pretty recently - like about 10 years ago. Betty Friedan called lesbians in the women's movement "the lavendar menace" - lesbians who had pretty much done all the grunt work. Leftists didn't treat Liberace any better than right-wingers.
The left agreed with all that stuff you mentioned, David, until really about 10 minutes ago. And BTW it's also true that Barry Goldwater - of all people - supported Clinton's proposal to end the ban on gays in the military in 1993 by saying that "You don't need to be 'straight' to fight and die for your country. You just need to shoot straight."
And Rudy Giuliani supports gay rights, and so does Schwarzenegger. So it's definitely not a black-and-white issue.
Personally, I don't trust either one much.
- David mazel said...
Actually, bls, the left began getting on board more like the 1970s--a generation or more ago. I'm not sure exactly when gay rights issues started shaping up along left-right lines--but at least since Dan White murdered Harvey Milk. (That was the big wakeup call for me and many others I know.)
You're right, of course, about Clinton and Goldwater, and you're right that it's not a black-and-white issue. But why tell me that, when it is not I but Burton who speaks in categorical terms? Remember the claim at issue:
"The radical left has NEVER treated gay people like anything but dirt - as soon as they were through using them for their own purposes."
Please note the verb tense and the categorical nature of the claim. To remind us of an occasional feminist anomaly like Friedan (whose homophobia btw was roundly criticized within the feminist movement), a calculating politician like Clinton (who cynically caved in to public homophobia to advance his own agenda), or a libertarian/conservative like Goldwater (whose stand for the truth was largely ignored by his own party) is simply irrelevant to an evaluation of Burton's claim.
- Joe said...
In reading the Burton/Leiter exchange, I couldn't help but think that it wasn't a simple "outing." It was more personal--the online record of a friendship disintegrating--in which awful things are said, accusations flung, etc.
I'm not sure it's *ever* fair to throw an ex-lovers' hypothetical opinion of someone into a debate (as Leiter did)...regardless of that person's sex. The opinions of one's exes should have no bearing on one's reputation, tainted as they are by too personal a perspective.
- PaulNoonan said...
Leiter is and was out of line for the following reasons:
It should be Burton's choice on how much or little his sexual orientation is publicized.
If the post in question mentioned something about the "evils of homosexuality" or something like that, then maybe - and only maybe - it would be relevant. It was not. Burton's enviroment would most likely become hostile towards him if they were previously unaware that he was gay. Therefore, Leiter's response to this post was not any defense or response, or even name-calling, which would have at least been fun.
He instead informed Burton's colleague's of a "negative" trait of Burton's with the hopes of having them turn on him.
This is no different than if Leiter had mentioned a past criminal record, or asserted that Burton had venereal disease.
Leiter can make such claims because many people, myself included, believe there is nothing wrong with homosexuality, however, some people do. Burton has made it his personal choice to blog alongside many of these people. He may agree with them on this point, making himself a hypocrite, or he may join these people in spite of this point because he agrees with them on other issues, but Burton's motives are not the point. Leiter knew that this would hurt Burton, and that is all that mattered to him.
The point is that Leiter, with his typically terrible sense of humor (unless he is dishing it out, of course), responded to a critique of himself by throwing punches.
In a civilized society we do not throw punches because someone calls us names. We especially don't start throwing punches if we have previously engaged in said namecalling, and now our insults are being directed back at us (Burton's post is, almost word for word, a Leiter post with Leiter's name in place of Arnold Kling).
So, Leiter was wrong, but at least he made himself look like an intellectual lightweight and a thug in the process.
Burton was wronged.
I suppose it's worth mentioning that I fundamentally disagree with both participants about nearly all of their views in a general sort of way.
- Jonathan said...
Good post Paul and everyone else.
-- He instead informed Burton's colleague's of a "negative" trait of Burton's with the hopes of having them turn on him. --
Leiter made it clear to me in a private email which he doesn't want published that just about everyone else blogging there knew that Burton was gay so the intent was not to inform the anti-gay bloggers at RR of Burton's sexuality.
- PaulNoonan said...
In that case I retract that portion of the comments that accused him of outing Burton strictly to decrease his standing amongst his colleagues, and apologize to Professor Leiter for portraying his comments as more negative than they actually were. Indeed, if everyone already knew then there was not nearly so much harm in mentioning it.
That just begs the question: What was the point?
For the record, I made that assumption based on this comment by Steve:
"Sorry, Brian, but I'm not going to let you get away with this. You brought up Scott for one reason and one reason only: because you thought that it would humiliate me to be "outed." I know it. You know it. You know that I know it. Etc. You tried, in the crudest possible way, to fag-bash me, and you failed. End of story.
It's not that I think you're personally "homophobic." Not at all. But, like most people on the extreme left, you're perfectly ready to attempt to exploit the homophobia of others whenever it serves your selfish and/or ideological ends.
It's ugly.
Shame on you. Eternal shame."
- PaulNoonan said...
Other than the harm of mentioning past romances, of course.
That just begs the question: What was the point?
To inform his readers of his hypocrisy, obviously. Quite frankly, I'm all for outing people who say one thing and then do another. Can't have your cake and eat it too, guys.
- bls said...
I'll find some historical poll data for you, David, and post it when I can. There wasn't much difference between left and right when it came to homosexuality. The New York Times was still deep in its homophobia in the mid-eighties.
Perhaps things were different in San Francisco; I wouldn't be surprised.
I take your point about "categorical terms," though.


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A North Carolina man has filed a $500 million dollar lawsuit against ZF Lemforder Corp., claiming he was subjected to regular torture over a four-year period by various employees who thought he was gay.
Columbia lawyer Benjamin Mabry filed the suit on behalf of Kenneth Baucom, who worked at the ZF Commerical Suspension Systems & Components facility at Lancaster Business Park facility until late last year.
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Nation & World
For Crimea's residents, a difficult choice: Become Russian or leave
The Russian tricolor is not yet ubiquitous in the Black Sea resort town of Yalta – made infamous by a World War II agreement that divided up the world – but many native Russian speakers give a thumbs up when they're asked what it's like now that it's ruled from Moscow, not Kiev.
For everyone else, however, it's a nightmare come true that's forced them to choose between taking Russian citizenship and submitting to rule from Moscow, or fleeing.
Many native Ukrainian speakers, who compose at least 24 percent of Crimea's 2 million population, are packing their bags after Crimea voted in a referendum last month to become part of Russia. But Crimean Tatars, the Muslim ethnic group that composes 14 percent and has built a thriving civil society since returning from exile when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, say they're staying – and they won't accept the takeover.
The Tatars' Mejlis, an informal assembly, voted last weekend to demand that the U.N.-defined right to self-determination apply to them, as Crimea's indigenous people. The assembly called for "national territorial autonomy." It's not clear just what that means, nor how Russian leader Vladimir Putin will deal with it.
But Mustafa Dzhemilev – who was exiled as an infant and became a legendary dissident in Soviet times and then a top political leader here after he returned to Crimea with the collapse of communism – is not about to throw in the towel.
Dzhemilev, who's on a U.S. tour to drum up sympathy for Tatar rights, said the Muslim minority backed the Maidan revolution in Kiev that toppled Ukraine's pro-Russian president, Viktor Yanukovych, because it had never been able to regain its old property under the pro-Russian local governments that had ruled Crimea since Ukraine became an independent country in 1991.
Now he's telling reporters and think tank audiences in the United States that a second deportation for the Tatars, whom Josef Stalin forcibly expelled to Uzbekistan in 1944, is in the offing. During a closed session of the U.N. Security Council on Monday, he said Tatars had been told to obtain Russian passports this month or face being treated as foreigners, ineligible to vote or work in state institutions.
If they accept Russian citizenship, they'll be "completely deprived of the opportunity to even discuss the status of the territory" or hold a referendum, Dzhemilev said, according to the Russian-language text of his remarks released by the Mejlis. That would be considered a call for separatism, punishable by five years in jail. Some of the local "self-defense forces" have called for a second deportation, he said.
"Thus, they will be forced to leave their homeland. Can you imagine what it's like for the Crimean Tatars, after deportation and genocide in 1944 and after years of fighting for the right to return to their homelands?" he asked in his U.N. remarks.
Ukrainians are voting with their feet: The outflow of vehicles to the Ukrainian mainland, 6,000 to 7,000 daily, is triple the usual flow; Dzhemilev said 5,000 Tatars had also fled.
Yalta has been on the international political map since the 1945 conference at which Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill accepted Stalin's demand that "friendly" governments be established in eastern Europe after World War II. That led to the division of the continent into a communist east and a capitalist west, which persisted until Russian leader Mikhail Gorbachev withdrew the Red Army in 1989.
Today Yalta is a symbol of botched development and of the unfinished business of 1989. A giant statue of Vladimir Lenin dominates a plaza at the start of the seafront, followed by several blocks of high-end shops – with no customers – where there should be cafes.
All along the promenade, the shells of long-unfinished high-rise buildings block the view of the mountains, monuments to bad zoning as well as to bad taste. At the end of the coastal promenade, apartment buildings occupy what had been a park.
Leonid Yakymiv, a Ukrainian businessman, has lived in Yalta for 46 years. He owns a successful self-service restaurant in a nearby town and doesn't want to leave Crimea, but he also doesn't want to become a citizen of Russia.
"The last few nights, I couldn't sleep. I don't want a Russian passport," he said.
His business might be in real trouble this coming season, because 70 percent of his customers come from Ukraine, and "now they won't come." He hires 20 students from western Ukraine every season and pays for their train tickets. "This summer, they will not come. They are afraid," he said.
More fundamentally, Yakymiv doesn't know what will become of his business, which he owns and had hoped to deed to his daughter, age 33. "We don't know the Russian laws," he said. "We know nothing of what will be."
He could be in trouble for other reasons. Yakymiv has been one of the most active backers of the town's sole Ukrainian school, a 15-year-old institution with 400 pupils from kindergarten to high school. And he was an enthusiastic supporter of the Maidan revolution, collecting clothes and money for the protesters and visiting the square three times.
Yakymiv's wife of 54 years is a native-Russian speaker who identifies with Ukraine and attends the Greek Catholic church, a Byzantine rite church that views the pope in Rome as its leader. "She loves Ukraine," he said. "I speak to her in Ukrainian. She speaks to me in Russian."
She is deeply worried. The five Greek Catholic priests on Crimea have fled, fearing arrest or mistreatment by the new authorities, and many parishioners have followed them.
"She says that if it stays unstable, we will have to move out," Yakymiv said. "We all feel very uncomfortable."
But he doesn't want to leave, and that might make him willing to become a Russian citizen. "I am not a guy to change his passport," he said. "But if it is a situation where I might lose my business, I might have to take on another passport."
The Tatar community, worried that the flight of Christian clergy will accelerate the departure of Ukrainians, has offered its mosques for services to the Orthodox Church, the Kiev Patriarchate, which isn't accepted by the Moscow Patriarchate. The Kiev Patriarchate welcomed the interfaith gesture. Two of its 11 priests in Crimea have fled.
"If there is no possibility of us, our priests and parishioners, to pray in their churches, they will pray in mosques," Archbishop Yevstratiy of the Kiev Patriarchate said in a television interview.
Until this week, it was still possible to reach Crimea from Ukraine – by train; all flights had been suspended, except those from Moscow. The journey from Donetzk, in eastern Ukraine, takes 17 hours, and while the second-class accommodations are adequate – four berths to a compartment and the price a real bargain, $14 one way – the space is overheated, there's no ventilation, the windows don't open and there's no food, hardly even any roving vendors other than a man hawking dried fish. It was the same traveling from Crimea's capital, Simferopol, to Kiev.
As of Monday, however, that route was closed to foreigners. Moscow now requires anyone visiting Crimea to have a Russian visa. Interestingly, given the growing hostile atmosphere, Ukrainians won't need to get one. They have visa-free travel to Russia and may come and go to Crimea as they please.
Galina, who hawks tours of Yalta and the surrounding region, is a former tourist guide, and she said she was 98 years old. She wouldn't give her last name, but she flashed a broad grin when asked about being under Russian control. "Our pensions will treble. It will be like heaven," she said. "Russia is a good country."
She's in for a disappointment. The promise of vastly higher pensions was possibly the biggest inducement to elderly voters, who compose 35 percent of the Crimean population, but late in March, Dmitry Medvedev, the Russian prime minister, announced that it won't take effect until the end of this year. Meanwhile, pensions will be paid in rubles, but below the official rate, and they'll have to pay a commission to money-changers.
"People are feeling a disappointment that they were pressed so hard," said Vladimir Kazarin, a journalism professor at Simferopol's Russian university. "It's one thing when there are people with guns all around. It's another when you can sit and talk about what's happened."
"I spent the big part of my life here," said Svetlana Kocherga, 59, a professor of philology at the Crimean State University in Yalta. "Now all is destroyed." She plans to look for a new job on the mainland. "With my point of view, I can't live under this occupying power."
Email: email@example.com; Twitter: @roygutmanmcc McClatchy special correspondent Olga Ivanenko contributed to this article.


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SPARTANBURG, S.C. - The Georgia College & State University softball team (9-16) picked up a win and a loss Sunday at the Mid-South Classic, falling 7-5 to Lenoir-Rhyne University before picking up a 5-2 win over Lincoln Memorial University. Georgia College went 1-4 at the three-day tournament.
Third baseman Kelsea Martin (Dacula, Ga.) swatted a leadoff round-tripper to give the Bobcats an early lead. Martin finished 2-for-3, while Haley Burnett (Columbus, Ga.) and Kayla Smith (Lexington, S.C.) each had doubles. Freshman Kristi Rodriguez (Marietta, Ga.) took the loss in relief.
In game two, Georgia College scored runs on a Brandie Monroe (Guyton, Ga.) sacrifice fly, and Burnett helped her own cause with a three-run home run. Smith added an RBI single. Burnett went the distance in the victory and 2-for-3 at the plate.
The Bobcats are back in action Tuesday, March 9 at 3 p.m., playing host to UNC Pembroke in Peach Belt Conference (PBC) action at the Peeler Complex.
The GCSU Department of Athletics, winners of the 2008-09 PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, GCSU prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the Bobcats' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at Twitter.com username GCSUSID for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCSUBobcats.com to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GCSU Athletics Hall of Fame.


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By Deborah Mersino
What a conference! For those of you who had the privilege of attending the Texas Association for the Gifted & Talented Professional Development Conference, Gifted 3.0, I am hoping your time in Austin proved fruitful and inspiring. I certainly feel energized from the buzz created by the impassioned educators, administrators, psychologists, and parents who took part in this forward-thinking conference orchestrated by linchpin leaders, like TAGT's Past President Michelle Swain, newly installed President Lynette Breedlove, Executive Director JJ Colburn, Associate Director Tracy Weinberg, Marketing & Communications Coordinator David Estlund, the Board of Directors, staff, and volunteers!
Whether or not you attended this year, you will want to mark your calendars now for TAGT's 35th Annual Professional Development Conference in Dallas, scheduled for November 28-30, 2012! It's sure to be THE conference for visionary learning designed to serve and positively impact GT educators, administrators, parents, advocates, policy makers, psychologists, and students.
For those of you who are becoming cognizant of the rich Professional Development (PD) opportunities inherent in Social Networking year round, I encourage you to "dip that digital toe" (thank you Dr. Lynette Breedlove) into the water and begin exploring Twitter to create your own Personal Learning Network (PLN). If you didn't attend a session on how to get connected, here is a written How to Tweet Primer, which will help get you started, so you can begin engaging with educators from across the world and even learn how to participate in #gtchat, the weekly chat on Twitter devoted solely to issues of giftedness.
Joel McIntosh, publisher of Prufrock Press, graciously put together a brief Guide to Twitter video prior to the conference. Wherever you live, it is worth checking out too.
I encourage you to continue utilizing the #gtchat hashtag when you are posting resources, questions, and/or thoughts about gifted education in the days, weeks, and months ahead. Additionally, I suggest using TweetChat to search for the LIVE #gtchat stream throughout the week and on Fridays, rather than simply searching for #gtchat in the Twitter Search Box. You can also try HootSuite and/or TweetDeck. See what you like best and determine what feels the most comfortable to you!
Remember, #gtchat takes place at noon (EST) and 7pm (EST) every Friday, which is 11am (CST) and 6pm (CST). Feel free to lurk and/or participate. Here's a picture of the swanky Social Connections area at this year's #TAGT2011, which was made possible by Adventures in Learning. It was packed during the LIVE #gtchat session!
If you have questions (big or small) in the days ahead, feel free to send me an email at email@example.com. I will do my best to answer your question/s and/or find someone who might be able to assist. I do get hundreds of requests, so please be patient. There's nothing I enjoy more, though, than helping gifted education advocates connect!
TAGT, the 2010-2011 Lead Global #gtchat Sponsor, and other sponsors, including The Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science in Kentucky, the Gifted Development Center in Denver, and the University of Northern Colorado's Summer Enrichment Program, truly make #gtchat possible. Their support allows me to serve as a connector year round; I cannot thank them enough!
For those of you who signed up to get updates following the conference, I will be sending out the next #gtchat NEWS in the next few weeks. This next issue will include links to gifted education blogs from around the world, links to suggested resources, and more! If you didn't sign one of my sheets at the conference, feel free to subscribe to #gtchat NEWS by clicking here and looking for the "Subscribe to #gtchat NEWS" section on the lower, right-hand side of the page.
If you have reflections on the conference, favorite 21st Century Learning tools you may have discovered, and/or new inspiration from #TAGT2011, I encourage you to "Leave a Reply" below and/or post to Twitter using #gtchat and #TAGT2011. The learning from this year's powerful conference can continue, as we all work to serve this critical population with zeal!
Lastly, I want to say again how honored I feel to be among such talented and creative individuals, who care so deeply about the needs of gifted learners. I was touched by the hospitality of Texans and also appreciate those of you from around the world who went out of their way to make new tweeps feel welcome on #gtchat. You're helping to change the world for gifted learners one tweet at a time!
Tags: #gtchat, Advocacy, collaboration, education, educator, Gifted, Gifted 3.0, inspiring, learning, Resources, sponsorships, students, TAGT, teachers, technology, Texas, Twitter


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Huskies NCHC Champions After 4-1 Win at Colorado College
COLORADO - The St. Cloud State men's hockey team won the first National Collegiate Hockey Conference regular season championship with a 4-1 win over Colorado College on Saturday night.
SCSU went into the game tied with UND at the top of the NCHC standings. The Huskies win was paired with a 2-1 UND loss to Western Michigan, securing a first place finish for St. Cloud State.
The Huskies now have the top seed in the upcoming NCHC playoffs. St. Cloud will take on Miami University in a best of three series at the Herb Brooks National Hockey Center starting on March 14th.
SCSU took control of the game early with goals from Kalle Kossila and Jimmy Murray to take a 2-0 lead in the first period.
Senior captain Nic Dowd would add his 19th goal of the season in the second to make it 3-0. Johnny Brodzinski also added his 20th goal this season in the third to make it 4-0.
Goalie Ryan Faragher picked up the win with 20 saves in the contest. Faragher finishes the year leading the NCHC with 19 wins during the season.


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HIV/AIDS News
High HIV Levels Shut Down Anti-HIV Immune Responses
New research suggests that HIV-specific T cells persist in infected individuals, but high virus levels can diminish the ability of those cells to respond to infection. The report sheds new light on how HIV evades the immune system and establishes long-term infections. The research appears in the November 20, 2001 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"HIV infection not only destroys the body's resistance to other pathogens, but it can manipulate the immune system for its own survival," says Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). "This research provides some important clues to how the virus accomplishes that goal."
In chronic viral infections, CD4+ T cells are required for the immune system to keep virus levels in check. In HIV-infected people, however, few anti-HIV CD4+ T cells proliferate when exposed to viral proteins. Researchers have not known if the absence of a proliferative T-cell response occurs because the virus destroys or merely inactivates HIV-specific CD4+ T cells.
NIAID's Andrew McNeil, M.D., and Mark Connors, M.D., led a study to answer that question. The investigators studied the T cells of three groups of patients: those with progressive HIV infection; a rare subset of individuals with long-term, untreated infection but with viral RNA levels consistently below the level of detection (long-term nonprogressors); and patients on antiretroviral therapy who stopped taking their drugs long enough for virus levels to rebound.
All three groups had equal numbers of HIV-specific CD4+ T cells, indicating the cells were not destroyed by the virus. The HIV-specific CD4+ T cells of people with progressive disease, however, did not respond to the virus by proliferating, suggesting they had somehow been turned off.
To examine the cause and effect relationship between proliferative T-cell responses and immune control over the virus, Drs. McNeil, Connors, and their colleagues turned to the patients who showed anti-HIV T-cell proliferation while taking antiretroviral drugs. The investigators reasoned that if those T cells were keeping HIV levels low, they should continue to do so even if therapy were interrupted. When the researchers stopped the drugs, however, virus levels rebounded in each of the patients. In those individuals, anti-HIV CD4+ T cells were present but lost their ability to proliferate as virus levels increased. Furthermore, the cells maintained their inactive state until antiretroviral drugs brought virus levels back under control.
The results suggest that the loss of HIV-specific T-cell proliferation may not be a cause, but rather is an effect, of high virus levels. Such proliferation, which is present in long-term nonprogressors, therefore does not necessarily predict immune control over the virus.
"This presents a good news/bad news scenario," says Dr. Connors. "The good news is that HIV-specific CD4+ T cells are not completely deleted; the bad news is that measuring the activity or even the frequency of those cells is not necessarily a good predictor of long-term virus control."
The results suggest that long-term interruptions in antiretroviral therapy may not be the best way to stimulate anti-HIV immune responses. The results also provide some clues to how HIV disrupts the immune response to itself and responses to other pathogens.
NIAID is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIAID supports basic and applied research to prevent, diagnose, and treat infectious and immune-mediated illnesses, including HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, autoimmune disorders, asthma and allergies.
Press releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID Web site at http://www.niaid.nih.gov.
AC McNeil et al. High-level HIV-1 viremia suppresses viral antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98:13878-83 (2001). 10.1073/pnas.251539598.
Copies of the article are now available to reporters from the PNAS news office, tel. (202) 334-2138, or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.


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CARSON, Calif. — Playing in front of a large crowd at The Home Depot Center for the first time this preseason, the LA Galaxy put on a show for their fans, cruising to a 6-2 win over Club Tijuana on Tuesday night. Bryan Gaul scored a pair of second half goals to lead LA in a wild game that saw eight goals as well as eight cards handed out by referee Juan Guzman. With the victory, the Galaxy are now 4-1-1 in the preseason, heading into their finale against the Colorado Rapids in Santa Barbara on Friday night.
Seeing his first game action since a 1-0 loss to Real Salt Lake on February 8, Robbie Keane got the Galaxy off to a flying start, running through the Tijuana defense before clipping a shot past goalkeeper Miguel Garcia for the game's opening goal. WATCH NOW
The Galaxy would continue to pressure the Tijuana defense with Keane, Mike Magee and Omar Gonzalez each going close for the home side. However, it would take until the 36th minute for LA to double their lead, doing so through Leonardo. Marcelo Sarvas was played into the box on the left flank before cleverly clipping a cross toward the center of the goal. A Tijuana defender was able to get a head to the cross, but his clearance went only as far as LA's Brazilian center back, who hit a right-footed volley, low past Garcia to send the Galaxy into the halftime break with a 2-0 advantage. WATCH NOW
After the break, rain began to pour down and tempers began to flare up. Rafael Garcia, who had come on at halftime for Sarvas, was sent off just two minutes into the second half for a foul on Oliver Ortiz.
But despite playing with just 10-men, it would be the Galaxy that struck next as Bryan Gaul hit his first of the game. A Tijuana clearance went only as far as Michael Stephens who headed the ball back into the box from 30 yards out. Gaul beat the offside trap and took the ball down on his chest before slamming a left-footed volley past Garcia, putting LA up 3-0 in the 65th minute. WATCH NOW
READ: Bryan Gaul hopes to keep going forward
Tijuana pulled a goal back four minutes later when Luis Garcia Carmona curled a left-footed shot past Brian Rowe from the corner of the area, cutting LA's lead to 3-1.
However, any hopes of a Tijuana comeback were laid to rest in the 72nd minute when defender Luis Trujillo, who had come on a minute prior, was sent off, leaving the two sides to each play with 10 men for the final 18 minutes.
With loads of space now available, the Galaxy pushed forward and grabbed a fourth in the 80th minute when Michael Stephens and Greg Cochrane combined on the left flank before the rookie midfielder cut the ball back to the penalty spot for Hector Jimenez, who calmly finished with his right foot to make the score 4-1. WATCH NOW
Bruno Piceno, who had helped to set up the Xolos first goal, cut his team's deficit back to two three minutes later, curling a freekick over the wall and into the corner of the net to make the score 4-2 in the 83rd minute.
Just a minute later, Jack McBean restored his team's three-goal advantage, reacting quickest to a deflected Cochrane cross and heading a shot into the corner of the net past Garcia from six yards out. WATCH NOW
READ: McBean hoping to carve out a spot up front in the LA Galaxy rotation
Gaul, who was shown the first of the eight cards on the night in the 18th minute, rounded out the scoring in the first minute of second half stoppage time. The second-year defender stole the ball of the foot of Oliver Ortiz near midfield and raced 60 yards down the left flank before chipping his shot over the onrushing Garcia and into the net off the right post, giving the Galaxy a 6-2 victory. WATCH NOW
LA will wrap up the preseason on Friday night when they take on the Colorado Rapids at Harder Stadium on the campus of UC-Santa Barbara. That game kicks off at 7:30 p.m. and tickets are available through the University's ticket office by calling 805-893-8272 or by clicking here.
LA Galaxy 6, Club Tijuana 2
Tuesday, February 19, 2013
The Home Depot Center – Carson, Calif.
Attendance – 12,000
Scoring Summary:
LA – Robbie Keane (Unassisted) 4'
LA – Leonardo (Unassisted) 36'
LA – Bryan Gaul (Michael Stephens) 65'
TJ – Luis Garcia Carmona (Bruno Piceno) 69'
LA – Hector Jimenez (Greg Cochrane) 80'
TJ – Bruno Piceno (Unassisted) 83'
LA – Jack McBean (Unassisted) 84'
LA – Bryan Gaul (Unassisted) 91+
Misconduct Summary:
LA – Bryan Gaul (Yellow Card) 18'
TJ – Oliver Ortiz (Yellow Card) 24'
TJ – Juan P. Santiago (Yellow Card) 34'
LA – A.J. DeLaGarza (Yellow Card) 41'
LA – Rafael Garcia (Red Card) 47'
TJ – Luis Trujillo (Red Card) 72'
TJ - Luis Garcia Carmona (Yellow Card) 73'
LA – Jack McBean (Yellow Card) 77'
LA Galaxy: Brian Perk (Brian Rowe 64'); A.J. DeLaGarza (Oscar Sorto 61'), Omar Gonzalez (Kofi Opare 64'), Leonardo (Mathaus Ferreira 46'), Bryan Gaul; Sean Franklin (Hector Jimenez 46'), Marcelo Sarvas (Rafael Garcia 46'), Juninho (Michael Stephens 46'), Colin Clark (Greg Cochrane 46'); Mike Magee (Jack McBean 46'), Robbie Keane(C) (Charlie Rugg 61').
Subs Not Used: Todd Dunivant.
Club Tijuana: Miguel Garcia; Luis A. Garcia, Juan P. Santiago (Luis Trujillo 71'), Miguel Almazan, Greg Garza (Edgar Villegas 46'); Oliver Ortiz, Antonio Madueña (Esteban Rodriguez 68'), Alejandro Guido (Manuel Herrera 46'); Bruno Piceno, Raul Nava, Alfredo Moreno(C) (Luis Garcia Carmona 46').
Subs Not Used: Sergio Vega; Jesus Hernandez.
Statistics/Estadísticas Galaxy Xolos
Goal Attempts/Tiros Totales 18 (8) 8 (2)
Shots on Target /Tiros al Arco 10 (5) 4 (0)
Saves/Atajadas 2 (0) 4 (3)
Fouls/Faltas 16 (8) 7 (4)
Corner Kicks/Tiros de Esquina 8 (5) 4 (1)
Offsides/Fuera de Lugar 1 (0) 5 (4)
Referee: Juan Guzman
Referee's Assistants: Apolinar Mariscal, Eduardo Mariscal
4th Official: Alejandro Mariscal


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It doesn't matter if you were born lucky, given an 'upper hand'.
There will always be a way for the reckless to lose their head start in life, or for the unfortunate to gain what was never in their grasp.
Scholar is the story of Arthur Tibarious, and incredibly lucky (yet unfortunate) Prince who has been imprisoned for half of his young life. As an emissary and 'Scholar' working for his captors, he stumbles upon the truth of his world.
Is the life he left really worth going back to?
http://www.frogsnack.deviantart.com/ to Follow the art of the Frog
You can also visit Frogsnack at Gaiaonline
This will likely not be the final version. Input is ALWAYS appreciated. Thank you.