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The Crematorium II building, which contained a gas chamber and furnaces for burning corpses. Several hundred thousand Jewish men, women and children were murdered here with poison gas, and their bodies burned.
But anyway, if there are no satellites, what the h*eck is up there?
Beam edge
EIRP, G/T or flux density contour corresponding to the minimum performance over a coverage area.
Beam peak
A single point within a coverage area with highest performance (i.e., EIRP, flux density or G/T)
A decibel referenced to one watt. Expresses units of decibels above 1 W. X (dBW) = 10 log 10 (X / 1W)
A transmission link carrying information from a satellite or spacecraft to earth. Typically down links carry telemetry, data and voice.
EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power)
In a given direction, the gain of a transmitting antenna multiplied by the net power accepted by the antenna from the connected transmitter.
G/T (antenna gain-to-noise-temperature)
The ratio of the gain to the noise temperature of the antenna. Usually the antenna-receiver system figure of merit is specified. For this case the figure of merit is the gain of the antenna divided by the system noise temperature referred to the antenna terminals. The system figure of merit at any reference plane in the RF system is the same as that taken at the antenna terminals since both the gain and system noise temperature are referred to the same reference plane at the antenna terminals.
Point-of-presence (POP)
A POP is a physical interconnect location where separate telecommunications networks meet and communicate with each other.
That property of a radiated electromagnetic wave describing the time-varying direction and amplitude of the electric field vector: specifically, the figure traced as a function of time by the extremity of the vector at a fixed location in space, as observed along the direction of propagation.
A teleport is a physical location and interface between a satellite system and telecommunications networks on the ground. It includes a variety of satellite dishes, earth stations, and supporting ground equipment.
A receiver/transmitter combination which receives a signal and retransmits it at a different carrier frequency. Transponders are used in communication satellites for reradiating signals to earth stations or in spacecraft for returning ranging signals.
A ground to satellite link.
Teleports often are characterized as the ground-based infrastructure of a satellite network, but the term means different things to different people. There is a surprising amount of diversification in the field, and the term teleport covers a wide range of facilities and business models, making it challenging to pin down exact the costs ratios of doing business. In a 2007 study, the World Teleport Association (WTA) details a fractional teleport industry with many different forms of ownership, including: telephone companies, commercial operators, DTH and cable companies, satellite operators, and system integrators, and the business dynamic is different for each business. For instance, a teleport operator providing data services to thousands of maritime vessels has a completely different business model than a DTH provider broadcasting content to millions of subscribers. But while business models vary significantly, there are a few costs which are common to most teleport operators.
Independent teleport operators have been the heart of the industry since the early 1980s. Teleport operators historically have been entrepreneurs, have focused on a geographic region and, initially, were focused primarily on the media and entertainment industries. Over time, corporate entities have been built up, acquiring teleports on different continents and operating them as an integrated service offering, often with interconnecting fiber networks. In its 2004 Teleport Benchmarks study, the WTA surveyed the marketplace about factors such as revenues, technology assets in place and employment. The data was compiled in 2004 and provides good metrics for the comparison of different teleport operators. The report breaks down the operators into classifications: small, midsize, and large and found that small teleports, on average, operate 20 satellite antennas, employ 14 people, and generate $5 million in revenue per year. Midsize operators enjoyed annual revenues between $29 million and 30 million and operated 28 antenna. Employees per teleport were not available for this market segment. Large teleport operators on average had revenues of $33.4 million, operated 87 satellite antennas and employed 57 people. While there is considerable overlap, it is rare to find two teleports offering the exact menu of services.
Arqiva Satellite & Media operates an integrated teleport and fiber distribution network. The company's 125 uplinks can bring nearly 50 different satellites into play.
Visible Arc
Intelsat Satellites in the Visible Arc
IS-21* · IS-34 · IS-23 · IS-1R* · IS-29e
IS-14* · IS-11* · IS-32e · IS-9* · IS-35e
Telstar satellite beamed pictures from New York to receiver in Cornwall
The Ted Bundy execution is broadcast from a jail n Florida in 1989. Before satellite, TV stations had to post recorded footage around the world
Well here we go again Bertie/Chris and the rest. Another report by NASA , something we are getting every two or three weeks. Notice they had to include, FROM THE MOON Whats the problem NASA ? Getting worried are we as to the number of people who now accept the moon landings were just faked, another article to try and put over the moon landing story. Try answering these questions NASA, the camera you used on the moon, or so you state you used on the moon had a plastic film OK. So everybody knows that film has to be developed dont it NASA? So who developed the film and how then did you transmit the photos from a plastic film digitally to the earth. Another thing NASA, last week you said the landing sites would be protected and no future astronauts would be allowed to go to them. Why is that NASA? are you afraid the Chinese are going to get there and spill the beans? Like I said NASA the game is over, you cant display any advanced technology without exposing the moon hoax can you.
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Internet giants say they don't know about a secret government spying program called PRISM that lets the NSA and FBI sift through emails, photos, documents, and online communications.
Word of the program was reported by both The Washington Post and the Guardian after both publications saw a leaked presentation about it.
The program is called PRISM, was established in 2007 and, with the cooperation of the Internet giants, it lets the government collect massive amounts of materials, the documents say.
But the Internet giants contacted by us, the Post and the Guardian deny knowledge of PRISM.
A Google spokesperson told both publications:
"We disclose user data to government in accordance with the law, and we review all such requests carefully. From time to time, people allege that we have created a government 'back door' into our systems, but Google does not have a back door for the government to access private user data."
Apple has absolutely denied knowing about the program, too, in a statement sent to us, as has Facebook.
On the other hand, since 2009, Google has been warning the public about requests it gets to "hand over" data to the government. That's when it first launched its Government "Transparency Report."
The report also vaguely lists requests it gets in the form of "National Security Letters," meaning investigations for national security purposes.
There's no way an average person can tell if these requests are part of the so-called "PRISM" program or not. But clearly the government can access your data stored on the Internet when it feels the need.
Get the latest Google stock price here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Only the totals viewed on your registered profile and below the "ricebowl" while playing are real time. Totals viewed on group profiles and elsewhere on the site are tallied every 24 hours. This is to ensure that the system is not overloaded.
As Freerice is located at the United Nations World Food Programme headquarters in Rome, Italy, the time zone is UTC +1.


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Modern medical care uses sophisticated equipment to monitor people with serious illnesses. Their "vital signs" give us hope. In spiritual matters, too, we live by signs. Luke's account of the healing of a crippled beggar serves as such a sign.
According to Jewish custom, Peter and John live out Acts 2:42, 46, going up to the temple (both literally and spiritually) to pray and worship at the time of the evening sacrifice (Ex 29:39-40; Ps 24:3; 122:4). As they arrive, a man with no use of his legs because of a congenital condition is being carried to his accustomed begging place. The depth of his need is apparent to all. In these ordinary circumstances--apostles practicing their devotion to God, a lame man plying the only trade he knows, appealing to the generosity and piety of his peers--an extraordinary encounter occurs.
Peter fixes his eyes on the man, as later Paul will do when a miracle is about to occur (13:9; 14:9), and asks for the same attention in return. At first Peter disappoints the beggar by declaring his lack of money. This serves only to heighten the value of the great gift he does offer: complete health. But it is in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth that it must be given. A name is an expression of a person's very essence. The power of the person is present and available in the name (Haenchen 1971:200). In the case of Jesus, the invocation of his name is a direct link between earth and heaven. It is not a magic formula but a simple recognition that if any salvation blessings are to come, they must arrive in and through the person of Jesus Christ. Jesus so commissioned his disciples (Lk 24:47) and the disciples so preached and ministered (Acts 2:38; 3:16; 4:10, 12, 30; compare the direct declaration "Jesus Christ heals you," 9:34).
Peter commands the man to walk (literally, continuous action--"be walking") and grabs him by the right hand to raise him up. "The power was Christ's but the hand was Peter's" (Stott 1990:91). So must the church ever act.
Instantly (compare Lk 4:39; 8:44, 55) the man's feet (the term can also mean "tread" or "step") and ankle bones receive strength. Jumping up, he stands for the first time in his life. He tries out his new freedom by walking around; then, in a response natural to one who in faith realizes that he has been touched by God's power, he moves into the court of women and then the court of Israel, walking and jumping, and praising God (compare 2:47). He has become the living embodiment of the messianic age as predicted in Isaiah 35:6, "Then will the lame leap like a deer" (also see Lk 7:22).
Should we expect such miracles today? True, the apostles are no longer with us, and miracles seemed to cluster around them; even in the first century, miraculous signs were not everyday occurrences. But Jesus still is present by his Spirit in the church. So we should not be surprised if we hear reports of miracles, especially where an atmosphere of pervasive unbelief or false religion calls for a power encounter. But a healing miracle in the New Testament sense must have the following marks: It must be an instantaneous and complete deliverance from a grave organic condition. It must occur in response to a direct command in the name of Jesus, and it must be publicly acknowledged as indisputable (Stott 1990:103).
All the people (laos; see comment at 2:47), who had known the man in his previous condition, become witnesses to the miracle's authenticity. More than that, they were filled with wonder (awe felt in the presence of divine activity; compare Lk 4:36) and amazement (the state of being lifted out of one's habitual life and thought by encountering the power of God; compare Lk 5:26; Haenchen 1971:200). But this is not saving faith. Only two times do Luke's summary statements imply that witnessing a miracle leads directly to faith (Acts 9:35, 42). Witnessing miracles may contribute to a person's embrace of faith, but it cannot produce faith (see Lk 16:31).
That is why God's Word must now be preached. It will interpret the extraordinary and call for a decision. By the Spirit's power this proclamation will work repentance and saving faith in its hearers.
Previous commentary:
A Healing Miracle and Its Consequences
Next commentary:
Peter's Speech in Solomon's Porch
About this commentary:
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Libyan officials have said that Libyan oil and gas installations are extremely secure and played down any threats of similar attacks such as that happened in Algeria during the last four days.
Security measures were stepped up in Libya on the news that Algeria's remote Ain Amenas natural gas plant was attacked by pro- Al-Qaeda extremists and the hostage drama began unfolding.
The President of the National Congress visited a number of cities in remote areas in Libya including oil fields at Ras Lanuf, Braiga, Al-Wahat and Aagaila and he was accompanied by the a number of ministers including the deputy minister of oil and the chairman top officials of the National Oil Corporation.
On Thursday also, the Petroleum Installations Guard, affiliated with the Defense Ministry, issued a statement saying that it had taken a series of measures to strengthen the security of the oil fields. It said it established a special operations room and sent air military support to the fields.
The security plan, the statement said, is to monitor fields around the o'clock and block any attempts to compromise the security of these installations.
The statement said "security within all fields is fully established and the conditions are completely safe, and there is no record of any violations or attempts and work in all sites is normal."
Members of Libya's oil protection force cut off their vacations and hurried up in the direction of the southwest of the country where they were stationed in the oil and gas fields.
A large number security personnel at the oil fields came from Jebel Al-Gharabi region (the Western Mountain), especially from the Zintan city who fought Gaddafi forces during the uprising in 2011.
They rushed by land and air to beef up security at the fields of Wafa, Hamada Hamra, Elephant oil field, and the border check points with Algeria of Dabdab, Wan Abdu and Wan Balul in the south.
Asked whether allegations that foreign workers may think of leaving oil and gas fields in Libya after what happened in Algeria, a senior Libyan oil official, who declined to be named, told The Tripoli Post he would not expect that to happen but "even if the few foreign oil workers decided to leave the country, Libyan oil production levels will not be affected."
"When we started reproducing oil and steadily raised production to pre uprising levels there were no foreign workers at the time. All was done by Libyan expertise and hardworking men who succeeded at the time and will succeed again," he added.
"Libyan oil engineers out there at the fields across the Libyan desert never complained about lack of security or any threats because Libyan youth are providing such service across country," the officials said.
The obvious confidence on the part of Libyan oil and security officials is in total contrast to a Western security adviser working in Libya who was quoted by Reuters on Friday as saying he was not sure the security in Libyan oil and gas installation would be "immediately boosted" "since the oil protection force was at an "embryonic stage".
Libya and Algeria are Africa's third and fourth largest oil producers with Libya also the largest oil reserves holder on the continent.
Via SyndiGate.info
© 2019 - The Tripoli Post


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Presentations and discussion exploring Morris's relationship with industry through the lenses of nature and landscape, technology and utopia; plants, production and time; and biomimetics.
Presentations and speakers include:
Infernal Machines? William Morris, Technology and Utopia, Dr Will Abberley, Lecturer in Victorian Literature, University of Sussex
This talk will explore Morris's complex attitude to machines.
Plants, Production and Time, Professor Esther Leslie, Professor of Political Aesthetics, Birkbeck, University College London
This contribution considers the plant as a generator of form and forms that link in peculiar ways to time and industry.
An Introduction to Biomimetics, Professor Andrew Parker, Biomimetics Expert
Presenting an introduction to biomimetics, illustrated with fascinating case studies, notably including designs of photonic devices found in nature.
Landscapes of Industry, Dr Matt Thompson, Head Collections Curator for English Heritage
This presentation looks at the ways in which industry began to be portrayed by artists in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries.
Plantworks: A Factory As It Might Be, Clare Mitten, Artist
Clare will cover the development of her project Plantworks and will explore some of the key ideas and themes in the making of the new three-dimensional models and their two-dimensional counterparts installed at the William Morris Gallery
The event will be chaired by Paul Rosenbloom, Artist
Paul has exhibited work based on fossils in several Natural History Museums, including London, Cambridge, Oslo and Cardiff.
The symposium will be followed by refreshments and launch of the project publication, with commissioned essay by Esther Leslie, on Saturday 13 May, 15:00 - 17:00 in the Acanthus Room.
PLANTWORKS is generously funded by Arts Council England's Grants for the Arts.


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Monday, February 27, 2012
Doing Things The Chevy Way
For Jets General Manager Kevin Cheveldayoff, taking time to perfect something is the essence of his managing style.
The former 16th overall draft pick in 1988 has had time to grow and learn in the game - not only by playing the game on ice level, but by watching, learning, and being a student of the game.
And wherever Cheveldayoff has gone, success has not been far behind.
In his first season behind the bench as assistant coach to Butch Goring of the IHL's Utah Grizzlies, the team captured the Turner Cup in 1995-96.
That success translated into the next step in his career - becoming a general manager.
In 1997, he started a 12 year career as the GM of the Chicago Wolves.
Here is where he learned the most about the game as a GM - winning two Turner Cups in the IHL and following that up with two Calder Cup Championships when the Wolves were moved to the AHL.
The next step was becoming assistant GM in Chicago in 2009-10 and winning the Stanley Cup - his sixth championship in 13 years of work.
Now, as trade deadline day 2012 shows, nothing has changed from what he learned when he was in Chicago with the Wolves.
The Jets are doing things the Chevy way.
As trade deadline day is for teams to stock up for a playoff run and focus on the present chance of winning hockey's ultimate prize, Cheveldayoff took the introspective route and - along with his scouting staff and Jets Governor and Co-Owner Mark Chipman - decided to make sure the right decisions for future success were taken into account.
Winnipeg hockey fans have seen this before with the MTS Centre's former tenants the Manitoba Moose.
Moose fans had to endure a few losing seasons after the original Winnipeg Jets left before success came.
The Moose failed to make the playoffs two out of their first three seasons before finally becoming a annual playoff contender.
After the move from the IHL to the AHL, the Moose missed the post-season once and enjoyed success - reaching the Calder Cup Finals in 2009.
The amalgamation of Cheveldayoff's vision and experience and True North's aims, goals, and ambitions for a franchise have created the perfect situation for the newest NHL franchise to base its future success upon.
Grow for the future and success will follow.
For now, we'll say it's doing things The Chevy Way.
Posted by Matt Eichel at 10:50 PM
Labels: Kevin Cheveldayoff, Manitoba Moose, Mark Chipman
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Set up more checklists in the screen builder or compare the expert models below...
The Market Cap is a measure of a company's size - or specifically its total equity valuation. It is calculated by multiplying the current Share Price by the current number of Shares Outstanding. It is stated in Pounds Sterling.
Market Capitalisation only takes into account the value of the company's shares (equity), it ignores the amount of debt a company may have taken on and therefore isn't the best indicator of the company's size. The Enterprise Value adds the net debt to the Market Cap and is a better indicator of the minimum amount that an acquiring company may have to pay to buy the firm outright.
The Growth in Earnings per share as a percentage change over the last trailing twelve month period.
Earnings-per-share growth gives a good picture of the rate at which a company has grown its profitability.
One of the important differences vs. net-income growth rates is that EPS growth reflects the dilution that occurs from new stock issuance, the exercise of employee stock options, warrants, convertible securities, and share repurchases.
Stocks with higher earnings-per-share growth rates are generally more desired by investors than those with slower earnings-per-share growth rates, though in general high growth rates have a tendency to revert over the longer term to more stable growth rates.
This measures the year on year growth of dividend payments by the company. It is calculated on a trailing twelve month basis (i.e. factoring in interims, where available - see this FAQ on TTM).
Dividend growth is a good indicator of the financial health of a company. However, some companies do not pay stock dividends at all; rather they use these excess profits to reinvest money back into the company to accelerate growth.
Sales growth shows the increase in sales over a specific period of time - this is important because, as an investor, you want to know that the demand for a company's products or services will be increasing in the future. It is important to distinguish however between organic sales growth and acquisitive growth. Growth rates differ by industry and company size. Sales growth of 5-10% is usually considered good for large-cap companies, while for mid-cap and small-cap companies, sales growth of over 10% is more achievable.
This measures the absolute percentage performance of the share price over the past one year. It is to be contrasted with Relative Strength.
It is calculated as (Current Price minus Old Price) divided by Old Price x 100.
It is to be contrasted with Relative Strength where the percentage change is calculated and compared to the market or some other standard index.
Along with Dividends, the absolute price performance is the other key component to determining Total Shareholder Return.
This compares the current price to the lowest Price the stock has traded at in the last 12 months expressed as a percentage.
To screen for companies that are within 10% of their 52wk Lw, the criteria would be Price vs. 52 Week Low < 10, rather than greater than 90, i.e. it's a comparison rather than a rank. Here's a sample screen that you can fork.
The 52 week low lists are common hunting grounds for bargain and value investors. Behavioural finance has shown that investors tend to over-react on bad news, providing opportunities for investors with a greater tolerance for uncertainty. The 52 week low is a metric which was extensively used by famous value investor and bargain hunter, Walter Schloss.
The Bid-Offer Spread, also known as the Bid-Ask Spread, relates to the quote of the price at which participants in a market are willing to buy or sell a stock or security. The bid price is the price at which a party is willing to purchase, while the ask (or offer) price is the price at which someone is willing to sell.
The Spread is measured in basis points versus the mid-point price. It is calculated as being (ask - bid) / (midpoint price) * 10000.
A basis point is a unit of measure used describe the percentage change in a value. One basis point is equivalent to 0.01% (1/100th of a percent), so 100 basis points is 1 percent.
The spread between the two prices arises as valuations differ. The spread will be larger for infrequently traded (aka. illiquid) stocks. From an investor's point of view, the spread is an extra cost, akin to the broker's commission.
The Price to Earnings Ratio (also called the PE ratio) is the primary valuation ratio used by most equity investors. It is a measure of the price paid for a share relative to the annual net income or profit earned by the firm per share.A hig P/E ratio means that investors are paying more for each unit of net income, so the stock is more expensive compared to one with a lower P/E ratio. The P/E ratio can be seen as being expressed in years, in the sense that it shows the number of years of earnings which would be required to pay back the purchase price, ignoring inflation. Unlike the EV/EBITDA multiple which is capital structure-neutral, the price-to-earnings ratio reflects the capital structure of the company in question. The reciprocal of the P/E ratio is known as the earnings yield.
This is is the primary valuation ratio used by most equity investors. A high P/E ratio means that investors are paying more for each unit of net income, so the stock is more expensive compared to one with a lower P/E ratio. The P/E ratio can be seen as being expressed in years, in the sense that it shows the number of years of earnings which would be required to pay back the purchase price, ignoring inflation.
Unlike the EV/EBITDA multiple which is capital structure-neutral, the price-to-earnings ratio reflects the capital structure of the company in question
Net Debt is the sum of all short term debt, and notes payables, Long Term debt and preferred equity minus the total cash and equivalents and short term investments for the most recent reporting period.
Net debt is the level of debt remaining assuming all cash and equivalents were used to immediately pay off debt. Please note that a negative net debt number means more cash than debt (i.e. net cash).
Some industries may have more net debt than others; therefore, investors often compare a company's net debt to others in the same line of business. It is usually considered as a ratio versus the total assets of the company.
Price to Pre-Tax Profit per share ratio, is defined as the company's market capitalisation divided by the pre-tax profit. Pre-tax profit is operating profit minus interest and any other non-operating expenses (except taxes).
The formula is as follows: Market cap. / Pre tax profit (TTM).
This ratio is calculated on a TTM basis - see here for more explanation as to why we prefer TTM ratios.
This is something of a half-way house between the EV/EBITDA and Price-Earnings ratios. The argument in its favour is that it eliminates the distortion from different corporate tax structures on earnings. However, even this seems debatable as it fails to fully eliminating the impact of debt / capital structure by using the Enterprise Value.
This ratio was popularised in the "Naked Trader" book.
This shows the index membership for the given stock - i.e. whether the company is a part of the FTSE 100, FTSE 350 or FTSE All Share Indices.


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severe shock of a mechanical nature, railway collision or other accident in which danger to life is involved, a condition may arise which has long been recognised and to which the name traumatic neurosis is attached. The terrible war that is just over has been responsible for an immense number of such maladies and at least has put an end to the inclination to explain them on the basis of organic injury to the nervous system due to the operation of mechanical force.
The clinical picture of traumatic neurosis approaches that of hysteria in its wealth of similar motor symptoms, but usually surpasses it in its strongly marked signs of subjective sufferingin this resembling rather hypochondria or melancholiaand in the evidences of a far more comprehensive general weakening and shattering of the mental functions. Neither the war neuroses nor the traumatic neuroses of peace are as yet fully understood. With the war neuroses some light was contributed, but also on the other hand a certain confusion introduced, by the fact that the same type of malady could occasionally occur without the interposition of gross mechanical force. In the traumatic neuroses there are two outstanding features which might serve as clues for further reflection: first that the chief causal factor seemed to lie in the element of surprise, in the fright; and secondly that an injury or wound sustained at the same time generally tended to prevent the occurrence of the neurosis. Fright, fear, apprehension are incorrectly used as synonymous expressions: in their relation to danger they admit of quite clear distinction. Apprehension (
) denotes a certain condition as of expectation of danger and preparation for it, even though it be an unknown one; fear (
) requires a definite object of which one is afraid; fright (
) is the name of the condition to which one is reduced if one encounters a danger without being prepared for it; it lays stress on the element of surprise. In my opinion apprehension cannot produce a traumatic neurosis; in apprehension there is something which protects against fright and therefore against the fright-neurosis. We shall return later to this dictum.
The study of dreams may be regarded as the most trustworthy approach to the exploration of the deeper psychic processes. Now in the traumatic neuroses the dream life has this peculiarity: it continually takes the patient back to the situation of his disaster, from which he awakens in renewed terror. This fact has caused less surprise than it merits. The obtrusion on the patient over and again, even in sleep, of the impression made by the traumatic experience is taken as being merely a proof of its strength. The patient has so to speak undergone a psychical fixation as to the trauma. Fixations of this kind on the experience which has brought about the malady have long been known to us in connection with hysteria. Breuer and Freud stated in 1893 that hysterics suffer for the most part from reminiscences. In the war neuroses, observers, such as Ferenczi and Simmel, have been able to explain a number of motor symptoms as fixation on the factor of the trauma.
But I am not aware that the patients suffering from traumatic neuroses are much occupied in waking life with the recollection of what happened to them. They perhaps strive rather not to think of it. To regard it as self-evident that the dream at night takes them back to the situation which has caused the trouble is to misunderstand the nature of dreams. It would be more in correspondence with that nature if the patient were presented (in sleep) with images from the time of his normal health or of his hoped-for recovery. If we are not to go thoroughly astray as to the wish-fulfilment tendency of the dream in consequence of these dreams of the shock neuroses, perhaps the expedient is left us of supposing that in this condition the dream function suffers dislocation along with the others and is diverted from its usual ends, or else we should have to think of the enigmatic masochistic tendencies of the ego.
I propose now to leave the obscure and gloomy theme of the traumatic neuroses and to study the way in which the psychic apparatus works in one of its earliest normal activities. I refer to the play of children.
The different theories of child-play have recently been collated by S. Pfeifer in
and their analytical value estimated; I may here refer the reader to this work. These theories endeavour to conjecture the motives of childrens play, though without placing any special stress on the economic point of view, i. e. consideration of the attainment of pleasure. Without the intention of making a comprehensive study of these phenomena I availed myself of an opportunity which offered of elucidating the first game invented by himself of a boy eighteen months old. It was more than a casual observation, for I lived for some weeks under the same roof as the child and his parents, and it was a considerable time before the meaning of his puzzling and continually repeated performance became clear to me.
The child was in no respect forward in his intellectual development; at eighteen months he spoke only a few intelligible words, making besides sundry significant sounds which were understood by those about him. But he made himself understood by his parents and the maid-servant, and had a good reputation for behaving properly. He did not disturb his parents at night; he scrupulously obeyed orders about not touching various objects and not going into certain rooms; and above all he never cried when his mother went out and left him for hours together, although the tie to his mother was a very close one: she had not only nourished him herself, but had cared for him and brought him up without any outside help. Occasionally, however, this well-behaved child evinced the troublesome habit of flinging into the corner of the room or under the bed all the little things he could lay his hands on, so that to gather up his toys was often no light task. He accompanied this by an expression of interest and gratification, emitting a loud long-drawn-out o-o-o-oh which in the judgement of the mother (one that coincided with my own) was not an interjection but meant go away (
). I saw at last that this was a game, and that the child used all his toys only to play being gone (
) with them. One day I made an observation that confirmed my view. The child had a wooden reel with a piece of string wound round it. It never occurred to him, for example, to drag this after him on the floor and so play horse and cart with it, but he kept throwing it with considerable skill, held by the string, over the side of his little draped cot, so that the reel disappeared into it, then said his significant o-o-o-oh and drew the reel by the string out of the cot again, greeting its reappearance with a joyful
(there). This was therefore the complete game, disappearance and return, the first act being the only one generally observed by the onlookers, and the one untiringly repeated by the child as a game for its own sake, although the greater pleasure unquestionably attached to the second act.
The meaning of the game was then not far to seek. It was connected with the childs remarkable cultural achievementthe foregoing of the satisfaction of an instinctas the result of which he could let his mother go away without making any fuss. He made it right with himself, so to speak, by dramatising the same disappearance and return with the objects he had at hand. It is of course of no importance for the affective value of this game whether the child invented it himself or adopted it from a suggestion from outside. Our interest will attach itself to another point. The departure of the mother cannot possibly have been pleasant for the child, nor merely a matter of indifference. How then does it accord with the pleasure-principle that he repeats this painful experience as a game? The answer will perhaps be forthcoming that the departure must be played as the necessary prelude to the joyful return, and that in this latter lay the true purpose of the game. As against this, however, there is the observation that the first act, the going away, was played by itself as a game and far more frequently than the whole drama with its joyful conclusion.
The analysis of a single case of this kind yields no sure conclusion: on impartial consideration one gains the impression that it is from another motive that the child has turned the experience into a game. He was in the first place passive, was overtaken by the experience, but now brings himself in as playing an active part, by repeating the experience as a game in spite of its unpleasing nature. This effort might be ascribed to the impulse to obtain the mastery of a situation (the power instinct), which remains independent of any question of whether the recollection was a pleasant one or not. But another interpretation may be attempted. The flinging away of the object so that it is gone might be the gratification of an impulse of revenge suppressed in real life but directed against the mother for going away, and would then have the defiant meaning: Yes, you can go, I dont want you, I am sending you away myself. The same child a year later than my observations used to throw on the floor a toy which displeased him, and to say Go to the war! He had been told that his absent father was at the war, and he did not miss him at all, giving the clearest indications that he did not wish to be disturbed in the sole possession of his mother.
It is known of other children also that they can give vent to similar hostile feelings by throwing objects away in place of people.
Thus one is left in doubt whether the compulsion to work over in psychic life what has made a deep impression, to make oneself fully master of it, can express itself primarily and independently of the pleasure-principle. In the case discussed here, however, the child might have repeated a disagreeable impression in play only because with the repetition was bound up a pleasure gain of a different kind but more direct.
Nor does the further pursuit of the question of play resolve our hesitations between two conceptions. We see that children repeat in their play everything that has made a great impression on them in actual life, that they thereby abreact the strength of the impression and so to speak make themselves masters of the situation. But on the other hand it is clear enough that all their play is influenced by the dominant wish of their time of life: viz. to be grown-up and to be able to do what grown-up people do. It is also observable that the unpleasing character of the experience does not always prevent its being utilised as a game. If a doctor examines a childs throat, or performs a small operation on him, the alarming experience will quite certainly be made the subject of the next game, but in this the pleasure gain from another source is not to be overlooked. In passing from the passivity of experience to the activity of play the child applies to his playfellow the unpleasant occurrence that befell himself and so avenges himself on the person of this proxy.
From this discussion it is at all events evident that it is unnecessary to assume a particular imitation impulse as the motive of play. We may add the reminder that the dramatic and imitative art of adults, which differs from the behaviour of children in being directed towards the spectator, does not however spare the latter the most painful impressions, e. g. in tragedy, and yet can be felt by him as highly enjoyable. This convinces us that even under the domination of the pleasure-principle there are ways and means enough of making what is in itself disagreeable the object of memory and of psychic pre-occupation. A theory of aesthetics with an economic point of view should deal with these cases and situations ending in final pleasure gain: for our purposes they are of no help, since they presuppose the existence and supremacy of the pleasure-principle and bear no witness to the operation of tendencies beyond the pleasure-principle, that is to say, tendencies which might be of earlier origin and independent of this.
Note 1.
Cp. Psycho-Analysis and the War Neuroses, by Ferenczi, Abraham, Simmel and Ernest Jones; No. 2 of the International Psycho-Analytical Library, 1921. [
Note 2.
1919, Bd. V, S. 243. [
Note 3.
This interpretation was fully established by a further observation. One day when the mother had been out for some hours she was greeted on her return by the information Baby o-o-o-o which at first remained unintelligible. It soon proved that during his long lonely hours he had found a method of bringing about his own disappearance. He had discovered his reflection in the long mirror which nearly reached to the ground and had then crouched down in front of it, so that the reflection was
Note 4.
When the child was five and three-quarter years old his mother died. Now, when she was really gone (o-o-o), the boy showed no grief for her. A second child had, it is true, been born in the meantime and had aroused his strongest jealousy. [
Note 5.
Cp. Eine Kindheitserinnerung aus Dichtung und Wahrheit.
1917, Bd. V, S. 49. [
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How to Use
This map indicates the locations of six surviving historic buildings in the Black Metropolis that were nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The National Register is the nation's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that are deemed worthy of preservation. The commercial center of the community was located along State Street, between 35th and 39th streets.
1) Match the map to the corresponding area on Map 2 by locating Thirty-fifth and State Streets on each.
3) Why do you think existing buildings might have been torn down to build these housing developments?
* The map on the screen has a resolution of 72 dots per inch (dpi), and therefore will print poorly. You can obtain a high quality version of this map, but be aware that the file will take as much as two minutes to a load with a 28.8K modem.


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|HOF Class of '11
Kevin Feighery was a four-year letter winner on the football team and led the team in more ways than one. A 1994 tri-captain, he was voted Team MVP in 1993, Offensive Team MVP in 1994 and was the 1992 ECAC Southwest Championship Game MVP. He was also the ECAC Metro NY/NJ Football Rookie of the Year in 1991and graduated holding five receiving records: Career Catches, Career Touchdowns, Career Yards, Most Yards in a Season, and Most Touchdowns in a Season.
In 1996 Feighery punted professionally in Europe for the Frankfurt Galaxy. He later tried out with the New York Giants and Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. In addition, he was a three-year letter winner in basketball for the Mariners. He was team MVP all three years and was selected to the Skyline Conference First-Team in 1993.
The ECAC Rookie of the Year in 1992, Feighery ranks 16th on the Mariners all-time scoring list with 1,179 points. He also lettered in baseball his senior year. For his outstanding accomplishments, he was the recipient of the Stedman Trophy in 1995.


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People don't change. Or maybe they do.
In Innocent, Scott Turow uses that do-they-or-don't-they notion to fashion a superb sequel to his 1987 blockbuster, "Presumed Innocent." The earlier book became a bestseller, launched the still-popular legal thriller genre, and led to a successful movie adaptation starring Harrison Ford.
Even as John Grisham and dozens of others followed similar paths to the best-seller lists, Turow resisted the urge to repeat his winning formula over and over again. He took his time with each new novel, eschewing the book-a-year cycle publishers prefer for brand-name authors. Sure, Turow often stayed in his fictionalized version of Chicago, the corrupt and brooding Kindle County, but he moved on to much different stories, keeping readers off balance while keeping a close eye on developing characters interesting and intriguing enough to match his brisk courtroom plots.
With "Innocent," Turow returns, 20 years later, to the scene of his breakthrough novel. Former rival deputy prosecutors Rusty Sabich and Tommy Molto, stars of the first book, are headed for another blockbuster murder trial.
Though "Innocent" is a richer read for those who have read "Presumed Innocent," it stands alone with ease. Turow sprinkles in enough back story to reveal why Rusty, now an appellate judge, and Tommy, the acting prosecuting attorney, remain wary of one another.
Rusty, as millions of readers will remember, endured a searing murder trial in the earlier book. While he won an acquittal, he lost almost everything else. The rape and murder of Carolyn Polhemus, Rusty's co-worker and former mistress, rocked his marriage and family.
Tommy presided over the explosive case against Rusty, navigating a maze of wobbly investigation and situational ethics before being censured himself for mishandling evidence. Although Rusty later helped Tommy get his job back, animosity lingers on both sides. Rusty resents Tommy's continuing belief that he got away with murder while Tommy seethes over the acquittal and the collateral career damage it caused.
History, or, in this case, bitter history, repeats itself two decades later.
This time, Rusty is accused of murdering his wife, a miserable but brilliant woman who never recovered from the earlier trial – or the effects of her husband's affair. For many years afterward, Barbara Sabich controlled and manipulated her husband and smothered their son Nat. Now Nat is out of the house and husband and wife live in a state of uneasy détente.
Six weeks before voters decide whether Rusty wins a spot on the state supreme court, Barbara dies. At first, her death is ruled to be of natural causes.
Soon enough, though, whispers abound. When Barbara died, Rusty sat in their bedroom, next to the corpse, for 23 hours before alerting anyone. He claimed shock and grief. Barbara's unexpected, unexplained death fuels suspicion for other reasons as well. She was blessed with youthful looks and was known for her dedicated exercise regimen.
Then, too, subsequent poking around reveals that Rusty had consulted with a divorce lawyer just before Barbara's death. He has also been followed to various hotels around town, where he stays for a couple of hours in the afternoon and then dashes away. That obvious sign of marital trouble is compounded when investigators discover Rusty has taken a test for sexually transmitted diseases.
Bit by bit, Tommy, spurred by his hard-charging and ambitious deputy, assembles a murder case. Powerful drugs missed in the coroner's toxicology scan, the fraying marriage, and revelations of Rusty's affair point to him as the killer.
Of course, Turow never paints in black and white, preferring the gray skies that cloud so many Midwestern winters. Which means Tommy, not just Rusty, brings considerable baggage, political trepidation, and extenuating circumstances to the case.
To this heady concoction Turow adds a few more lethal ingredients, starting with the long-fractured father-son relationship between Rusty and Nat, an intelligent but troubled 28-year-old battling family secrets new and old.
The most delightful return is that of Sandy Stern, the dapper, cunning attorney who helped Rusty beat murder charges the first time around. Sandy faces travails of his own: lung cancer.
"I am devastated for both our sakes," Rusty says upon hearing Sandy's diagnosis. "His damn cigars."
Sandy takes the case anyway, assisted by his protégé, Marta, who also happens to be his daughter.
Another young woman, a former law clerk to Rusty named Anna Vostic, serves as the perfect example of a good person torn by past misdeeds. Racked with guilt and uncertainty, she must work through legal and moral ambiguity as the stakes are ratcheted up.
Tommy, beleaguered and buffeted by insecurity and the occasional, slight misstep, is the novel's moral center. Exhausted by endless bureaucracy and shaky ethics on all sides of the legal system, he has found unexpected contentment as a first-time father late in life.
Unlike Rusty, marital fidelity poses no challenge for him. "The idea of cheating on his wife was incomprehensible to Tommy, literally beyond the compass of any desire. Why? What could be more precious than a wife's love?"
"Innocent" unfolds from the perspective of the various participants in the case, allowing the burden of proof and the burden of guilt to share the stage. Turow is a shrewd observer of criminal-justice machinations, as well as the inextricable links between the courts, politics, and the media.
What puts him above the standard judge-and-jury roller-coaster rides lining so many bookshelves are his devastating accounts of regret and rumination in all of his characters. It is, to borrow from William Faulkner, the human heart in conflict with itself.
Adding that internal conflict to ambition, sorrow, and righteousness — with murder, adultery and careers at stake — makes for an easy summary judgment: "Innocent" is anything but a guilty pleasure, it's prime popular fiction.
Erik Spanberg is a freelance writer in Charlotte, N.C.


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Article 225 provides installation requirements for outside branch circuits and feeders that run on (or between) structures or poles (Fig. 1). The NEC differentiates between buildings and structures, but for convenience we'll refer to both of them as structures.
Other articles also pertain to outside branch circuits (see Other Articles Related to Outside Branch Circuits on page 71); most of these are application-specific. Lighting is the most common application. Make sure you don't place 277V luminaires within 3 feet of platforms, fire escapes, or windows that open [225.7(C)] (Fig. 2 on page 69). See 210.6(C) for the types of luminaires permitted on 277V or 480V branch circuits.
Festoon lighting is a string of outdoor lights suspended between two points [Art. 100]. It's commonly used at carnivals and similar functions [525.20(C)]. Festoon lighting conductors must be at least 12 AWG, unless messenger wires support them. Overhead festoon lighting conductors must be supported by messenger wire (with strain insulators) when spans exceed 40 feet [225.6(B)].
Conductor size and support
For overhead spans up to 50 feet, the minimum conductor size for outside branch circuits is 10 AWG. For longer spans, it's 8 AWG [225.6(A)].
When these spans are installed over a building, they must be securely supported by substantial structures [225.15]. Where practicable, supports must be independent of the building [230.29]. If you use a mast for support, it must have adequate mechanical strength, braces, or guy wires to withstand the strain caused by the conductors [225.17]. Don't use trees or other vegetation for conductor support [225.26].
The points of attachment for overhead conductors must be at least 10 feet above finished grade. Maintain the minimum conductor clearance required by 225.18, even if that means raising the points of attachment (Fig. 3 on page 70).
When attaching open conductors, use fittings identified for use with conductors. Alternatively, you can use noncombustible, nonabsorbent insulators securely attached to the structure. You can attach branch conductors to the service mast, but don't attach aerial communications cables or antennas to it [810.12].
Vertical clearances
For overhead conductors of 600V or less, maintain the following clearances: [225.18]:
10 feet above finished grade, sidewalks, platforms, or projections from which they might be accessible to pedestrians if circuits are 150V to ground or less. Article 225 doesn't provide a clearance for over 150V.
12 feet above residential property and driveways, and commercial areas not subject to truck traffic if circuits of 300V to ground or less. It's 15 feet for circuits over 300V to ground.
18 feet over public traffic ways, parking areas subject to truck traffic, driveways on other than residential property, and other areas traversed by vehicles (e.g., those used for cultivation, grazing, or forestry).
Observe the clearance requirements in 680.8 for any conductor that runs above pools, outdoor spas, outdoor hot tubs, diving structures, observation stands, towers, or platforms.
Overhead clearances
Conductors must maintain a vertical clearance of 8 feet above the surface of a roof, for least 3 feet from the edge of the roof. Four exceptions exist, and they're listed in 225.19(A).
Conductors must maintain a vertical, diagonal, and horizontal clearance of at least 3 feet from signs, chimneys, radio and television antennas, tanks, and other structures (buildings and bridges are excluded) [225.19(B)].
Final span clearance
Remember earlier we said you have to keep luminaires at least 3 feet from platforms and similar locations? The same thing applies to overhead conductors. But conductors that run above a window aren't required to maintain the 3 feet distance.
Conductors must maintain a vertical clearance of at least 10 feet above platforms, projections, or surfaces from which they might be reached. This vertical clearance must be maintained for 3 feet, measured horizontally from those surfaces.
Don't install conductors under an opening through which materials might pass, or where conductors will obstruct building openings [225.19(D)(3)] (Fig. 4 on page 70). Arrange raceways on exterior surfaces so they drain. In wet locations, they must be rain-tight [225.22].
Multiple structures
Where more than one structure is on the same property, each must be served by no more than one feeder or branch circuit [225.30]. As you might expect, the NEC provides several exceptions.
The first one is "Special Conditions." You can provide additional circuits for:
Fire pumps,
Emergency systems,
Legally required standby systems,
Optional standby systems,
Parallel power production systems, and
Systems designed for connection to multiple sources of supply for the purpose of enhanced reliability.
You can also, by special permission, provide additional feeders for:
Multiple-occupancy buildings where there's no available space for supply equipment accessible to all occupants.
A structure so large that two or more feeder supplies are necessary.
The three other exceptions are:
The capacity requirements exceed 2,000A.
Different voltages, frequencies, or uses. For example, control of outside lighting from multiple locations.
Documented safe switching procedures are established and maintained for disconnection.
Provide a disconnecting means for all conductors that enter a structure [225.31]. Install it at a readily accessible location nearest the point of entrance of the conductors [225.32]. You can locate it elsewhere:
Where documented safe switching procedures are established and maintained. But it must be monitored by qualified persons (see Art. 100).
A disconnecting means isn't required within sight of poles that support luminaires.
The disconnecting means for a sign doesn't need to be readily accessible if installed per the requirements for signs. Each sign must be controlled by an externally operable switch or circuit breaker that opens all ungrounded conductors to the sign. The sign disconnecting means must be within sight of the sign, or the disconnecting means must be capable of being locked in the open position [600.6(A)].
The structure disconnecting means can consist of no more than six switches (or circuit breakers) in a single enclosure, or separate enclosures for each supply permitted by 225.30. Group all disconnects in one location [225.34], and mark each one to indicate the loads served [110.22].
To minimize accidental interruption of the critical power systems, 225.30(A) requires the disconnecting means for a fire pump [695.4(B)(2)] or standby power [701.11(E)] to be located remotely from the normal power disconnect. First responders to a fire can shut down power to the facility without shutting off the fire pump.
In a multiple-occupancy building, each occupant must have access to the disconnecting means for the occupancy [225.35]. The occupant disconnect can be accessible to building management, if management provides electrical maintenance under continuous supervision.
You can use a snap switch (or a set of 3-way or 4-way snap switches) as the disconnecting means for garages and outbuildings on residential property without having a "service equipment" rating.
Where more than one feeder supplies a structure, a permanent plaque or directory must be installed at each feeder disconnect location and denote all other feeders supplying that structure and the area served by each [225.37].
The structure disconnecting means can consist of either a manually operated switch (or circuit breaker) or a power-operated one that's capable of being operated manually [225.38]. If you use a shunt-trip push button as the means of opening a power-operated circuit breaker, the breaker is the disconnecting means and the push button is not.
The feeder or branch-circuit disconnecting means for a structure must have an ampere rating not less than the calculated load determined per Art. 220 [225.39]. But observe the following:
- One-circuit installation
The disconnecting means must have a rating at least 15A.
- Two-circuit installation
The feeder disconnecting means must be rated at least 30A.
- One-family dwelling
The feeder disconnecting means must be rated at least 100A, 3-wire.
For all other installations, the feeder or branch-circuit disconnecting means must be rated at least 60A.
You may have noticed that Art. 225 is primarily concerned with clearances, support, and disconnects. If you address those issues before starting your outside branch-circuit installations, you should have no problem complying with Art. 225. Be sure to review Table 225.2 for other applicable Articles and comply accordingly.
Sidebar: Other Articles Related to Outside Branch Circuits
Branch circuits (Art. 210)
Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 remote control, signaling, and power-limited circuits (Art. 725)
Communications circuits (Art. 800)
Community antenna television and radio distribution systems (Art. 820)
Conductors for general wiring (Art. 310)
Electric signs and outline lighting (Art. 600)
Feeders (Art. 215)
Floating buildings (Art. 553)
Grounding (earthing) and bonding (Art. 250)
Marinas and boatyards (Art. 555)
Radio and television equipment (Art. 810)
Services (Art. 230)
Solar photovoltaic systems (Art. 690)
Swimming pools, fountains, and similar installations (Art. 680)


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text: Medications When avoidance measures don't control symptoms, medication may help. Antihistamines and decongestants are the most commonly used medications for allergic rhinitis. Newer medications, such as cromolyn, inhibit the release of chemicals that cause allergic reactions. Nasal corticosteroid sprays reduce inflammation from the allergic trigger. Medications help to alleviate nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing and itching and come in many forms -- tablets, nasal sprays, eye drops and liquids. Some medications may cause side effects, so consult your allergist-immunologist if there's a problem. When avoidance measures don't control symptoms, medication may be the answer. Antihistamines and decongestants are the most commonly used medications for allergic rhinitis. Newer medications, such as cromolyn, inhibit the release of chemicals that cause allergic reactions. Nasal corticosteroid sprays reduce the inflammation from the allergic trigger. Medications help to alleviate nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing and itching. They are available in many forms, including tablets, nasal sprays, eye drops and liquids. Some medications may cause side effects, so it's best to consult your allergist-immunologist if there's a problem. Immunotherapy Allergen immunotherapy, known as "allergy shots," may be recommended for persons who don't respond well to treatment with medications, experience side-effects from medications or have allergen exposure which is unavoidable. Immunotherapy does not cure allergies but can be very effective in controlling allergic symptoms. Allergy injections are usually given at variable intervals over a period of three to five years. An immunotherapy treatment program consists of injections of diluted allergy extract, administered frequently in increasing doses until a maintenance dose is reached. Then, The injection schedule is changed so that the same dose is given with longer intervals between injections. Immunotherapy helps the body build resistance to the effects of the allergen, reduces the intensity of symptoms caused by allergen exposure, and sometimes can actually make skin test reactions disappear. As resistance develops, symptoms should improve, but the improvement form immunotherapy will take several months to occur. Immunotherapy does not help the symptoms produced by non-allergic rhinitis. There are many ways of treating allergens, and each person's treatment must be individualized based on the frequency, severity and duration of symptoms and on the degree of allergic sensitivity. If you have more questions, your allergist-immunologist will be happy to answer them. About Antihistamines Antihistamines are the most inexpensive and commonly used treatment for rhinitis. These medications counter the effects of histamine, the irritating chemical released within your body when allergic reaction takes place. Although other chemicals are involved, histamine is primarily responsible for causing the symptoms. Antihistamines do not cure, but help relieve nasal allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, itching and discharge; eye symptoms, such as itching, burning, tearing, and clear discharge: skin conditions such as hives, eczema, itching and some rashes; and other allergic conditions as determined by your physician. There are dozens of different antihistamines and wide variations in how patients respond to them. Some are available over the counter and others require a prescription. Generally, antihistamines work well and produce only minor side effects. The body tends to build up resistance to some antihistamines over time. This tendency varies from individual to individual. If you find that an antihistamine loses its "strength," notify your physician who may then recommend an antihistamine of a different class or strength. Persons with nasal dryness or thick nasal mucus should avoid taking antihistamines without consulting a physician. Contact your physician for advice if an antihistamine causes drowsiness or other side effects. Proper use Short-acting antihistamines can be taken every four to six hours, while timed-release antihistamines are taken every 24 hours. The short-acting antihistamines are often most helpful when taken 30 minutes before the anticipated allergic exposure (e.g. a picnic during ragweed season). Timed-release antihistamines are better suited to chronic (long-term) use for those who need daily medications. Proper use of these drugs is just as important as their selection. The most effective way to use them is before symptoms develop. An early dose can eliminate the need for a larger dose later. Many times, a patient will say they "took one, and it didn't work', but if they had taken the antihistamines regularly for three to four days, and built up their blood levels, it might have been effective. Side Effects The most common side effect is sedation or drowsiness. For this reason, it is important that you do not drive a car or work with dangerous machinery the first time you take an antihistamine. The first time you take an antihistamine, take it at home, several hours before bedtime. When you are sure the medicine will not cause sedation, you can then take it any time as prescribed during the day. For those who experience drowsiness, the sedation effect usually lessens over time. Some of the newer antihistamines have side effects of drowsiness. There have not been enough studies to determine absolute safety of antihistamines in pregnancy. Again, consult your allergist-immunologist or obstetrician if antihistamines must be taken. While antihistamines have been taken safely by millions of people in the last 50 years, don't take them before telling your allergist-immunologist if you are allergic to or intolerant of any medicines, are pregnant or intend to become pregnant while using this medication, are breast feeding, have glaucoma or enlarged prostate or have any illness.


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VirtueMart plugins are now distributed by "The Open Tools Company"
We are happy to announce that the distribution (and further development) of our Open Source plugins for VirtueMart has been taken over by "The Open Tools Company", an Austrian company dedicated to developing Open Source Software tools and supporting the Open Source idea in general.
Reinhold Kainhofer
Who I am
- Deputy Responsibe Actuary (Life) of the Generali Versicherung AG, Vienna
- Accredited Actuary (AVÖ)
- Chair of the AVÖ working group on actuarial valuation tables (Arbeitskreis "Rechnungsgrundlagen" der Österreichischen Aktuarvereinigung)
- Software Developer: CEO of "The Open Tools Company developing VirtueMart Plugins
- Singer: Arnold Schoenberg Chor, Zusatzchor der Wiener Volksoper, Vokalensemble St. Stephan, Wiener Singakademie
In the Past:
- Mathematician (got a MSc. and PhD. in Mathematics, worked as Senior Researcher in Financial and Actuarial Mathematics at the Research Unit "Financial and Actuarial Mathematics" of the TU Vienna)
- Financial and actuarial analyst with the Austrian Financial Market Authority in insurance supervision
- American Football Referee
- Music Publisher: Edition Kainhofer
- Deputy Manager of the Chorvereinigung "Jung-Wien"
- Software Developer: LilyPond, OrchestralLily, SANE, etc.
- Singer in several choirs: Chor von St. Augustin
- KDE programmer: I was the maintainer of KOrganizer for some time and one of the developers of KPilot
- Entrepreneur: Deltasoft mathematics, a small company specialized in Mathematical software and Mathematica in particular.
- former Network administrator at the math department of the TU Graz (~35 Debian GNU/Linux machines)
- Law student at the University of Vienna (finished the first part of three in Jan. 2003 at the University of Graz)
- Physicist (got a M.Sc. from the department of theoretical physics of the Karl-Franzens University of Graz)
How to contact me


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disability law: an overview
Disability law is largely regulated by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. This Act prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in employment, housing, education, and access to public services.
The ADA defines a disability as any of the following:
- "a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of the individual."
- "a record of such impairment." or
- "being regarded as having such an impairment."
While alcoholism is included as a disability, other socially undesirable behavior is excluded from the Act. For example, sexual behavior disorders, compulsive gambling, and pyromania are all excluded. The ADA, however, does not list all impairments covered. The ADA further requires that reasonable accomodation be made so as to provide individuals with disabilities equal opportunities. Agenices and departments charged with enforcement of the ADA include the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Department of Justice.
States may pass disability statutes so long as they are consistent with the ADA.
Other statutes prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities include the Fair Housing Act, Rehabilitation Act, Air Carrier Access Act, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Under the Fair Housing Act, it is unlawful to discriminate in any aspect of selling, renting, or denying housing because of an individual's disability. Owners are further required to make reasonable exceptions in their housing policies so as to afford equal housing opportunities to those with disabilities.
The Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by Federal agencies, in programs recieving Federal financial assistance, in Federal employment, and in the employment practices of Federal contractors. Its standards mirror those of the ADA.
Under the Air Carrier Access Act, air carriers are prohibited from discrimination against qualified individuals with physical and/or mental impairments.
Finally, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires public schools to make available to all eligible children with disabilities a free appropriate public education in the least restricitve environment according to their needs.
menu of sources
Federal Material
U.S. Constitution and Federal Statutes
- U.S. Code:
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 1 - Compensation for Military Personnel Disabled Overseas
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 7 - Social Security (Aid to the Aged, Blind, and Disabled)
- 38 U.S.C., Chapter 11 - Compensation for Service-Connected Disability or Death
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 14 - Protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individuals
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 18 - Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 21 - Civil Rights
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 126 - Americans with Disabilities Act
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 31 - Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 75 - Programs for Persons with Developmental Disabilities
- 42 U.S.C., Chapter 45 - Fair Housing Act of 1988
- CRS Annotated Constitution
Federal Agency Regulations
Federal Judicial Decisions
- U.S. Supreme Court:
- U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals: Recent Decisions on Disability Issues
State Material
State Statutes
- Uniform Duties to Disabled Persons Act (adopted in Colorado, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, and Oklahoma)
- Uniform Veterans' Guardianship Act (adopted in Arkansas, Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virgin Islands, Washington, and Wisconsin)
- Search Individual State Statutes
State Judicial Decisions
- N.Y. Court of Appeals:
- Appellate Decisions from Other States
Other References
Key Internet Sources
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Social Security Administration
- Employment Discrimination (Nolo)
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- ABA Commission on Mental and Physical Disability Law
- ADA & Disability Information
- Disability Etiquette Handbook
- National Business and Disability Council
- Job Accommodation Network (JAN)
- President's Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities
- Employer's Guide to Hiring Persons with Disabilities
- Einet - Disability Law
- Americans with Disabilities Act Document Center
- New York State Wheelchair Lemon Law
- Employment and Disability Institute at ILR-Cornell
Useful Offnet (or Subscription - $) Sources
- Good Starting Point in Print: Bonnie Poitras Tucker, Tucker's Federal Disability Law in a Nutshell, West Group (2004)


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L'Express – France 10 July 2013
Father Vesin in L'Express by François Koch
Google Translation
The Express has published an article on 10 July four pages on Father Pascal Vesin , the pastor of the Church of Megève fired because he was denounced as a Freemason GODF by anonymous letters.
The Express was a long meeting Father Pascal Vesin and the Vicar General of the Diocese of Annecy Alain Fournier.
It appears from this investigation that the father Pascal was almost excommunicated for a "matter of principle" (the ban to be a member of a Masonic Lodge) and there is absolutely no evidence of the influence of its membership GODF to how it performed its function of priest. Being recognized in the Diocese that the results of his work at the head of the parish is very positive.
Vesin father wants to continue his fight … walking on Rome from 14 July to late August, with the aim of obtaining a hearing Francis Pope. He hopes to convince him to return to the maximum penalty was imposed. It is true that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ruled on March 7, six […]


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Yeah, fuckface! Get ready to be beaten down. Grrr! Internet ain't so safe now is it motherfucker! Shit just got real! Bam!
Quote from: The Dark Monk on July 28, 2012, 03:06:40 amhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNMq8XS4LhElol also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=DFvl7_q51ew nearly died
Flatland - The Movie -- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mfglluny8Z0
Quote from: Bu☆ns on July 28, 2012, 02:46:57 amFlatland - The Movie -- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mfglluny8Z0Thanks! I was meaning to watch that years ago and completely forgot about it!
I got some serious lols.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0
This is an actual sport, and for some reason it's not called "horse dancing".http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qRWw8Uf_WM&feature=player_embedded#t=242s
If Luna was a furry, she'd sex humans and scream "BEASTIALITY!" at the top of her lungs at inopportune times.
I like the Luna one. She is a good one.
"Stop talking to yourself. You don't like you any better than anyone else who knows you."
As a neuroscientist I have to disagree with the perception that anyone is doing mathematical modeling of cognitive intelligence, yet; intelligence as an economist defines it, yes, but economists are worlds away from actual cognition.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erh2ngRZxs0This is a special time.


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My twitter bio link has become t.coed — THE DARK TIMES ARE UPON US
Seriously though, stop breaking the web twitter. #indieweb #indieauth
My twitter bio link has become t.coed — THE DARK TIMES ARE UPON US
Seriously though, stop breaking the web twitter. #indieweb #indieauth
"For you to think [my] data belongs to your company is an ethical mirage cast by technical constraints"
Scott Jenson making lots of sense as usual in A Stormy Sky of Cranky Clouds
sandeepshetty using Mandrill — I documented it on the wiki indiewebcamp.com/email
Tantek Çelik wavis my wish list is "no more need for POSSE" ;) #indieweb
Ghost is on it's way to it's stretch goals, which include hosted plans for all backers, an app/theme store and a "decentralised" magazine. All implementation monoculture. #indieweb
Laurent Eschenauer ha ha, they were pretty good thanks :) And congrats on the web-action enabled reply! Hopefully soon I'll be able to store it here.
Great stuff Aaron Parecki! This is an #indieweb "killer app" ;)
tryghost.org looks interesting from an #indieweb point of view, but if they are so open, where is the code? Where is the CC-0 documentation? Why does clicking "Try It" pop up a modal asking you to give them money (dark pattern, much?) — if it's so open, be honest!
It'll be interesting to see how this one plays out.
Aaron Parecki woah, brilliant! Love the fact you're self hosting video too — what's your workflow for that? I was thinking of building a mandrill-backed email inbox for photo and video upload so I can post from iOS really easily
Hopefully h-card entities should get expanded in the reply context for this note (crosses fingers)
Laurent Eschenauer any chance you could add class=h-card to your great #indieweb at-name autolinking so microformat entity expansion works?
Turns out the #microformats 2 JSON structures enable safe entity expansion just like twitter entities.
In my reply contexts I am not wanting to embed 3rd party HTML in my site, so I take the p-summary and strip tags. But, I want embedded h-cards to be expanded just like at-mentions on twitter. Pseudocode:
let h-card = canonical JSON structure for a note, with .summary as a plaintext representation of the content;
for item in h-card.children:
if not in_array('h-card', item.type) continue;
let html = HTML representation of the child from properties.url, name, etc;
replace item.value in h-card.summary with html
Example here.
sandeepshetty pingback, but Aaron Parecki is sending/accepting webmention (also built a webmention -> pingback proxy) and the rest of us are working on it. General consensus is that it's way easier than pingback :)
Historically, I consider this thread to be the #indieweb equivalent of this tweet.
Laurent Eschenauer great work getting #indieweb comments working :)
Just hooked up my #indieweb notes to Brennan Novak's rather awesome @emoome sentiment analysis API! So all my notes will have automated emotion/language analysis applied now, which I can query through machine tags.
Laura Kalbag feel free to point cross-poster builders towards POSSE To Twitter, we (indiewebcamp) have documented in detail best practises based on our own experiences and observations :)
Yet another reason why HTML+microformats2 is the way forward for feeds on the web:
"Most people don't know what HTML is and yet are able to consume pages without caring much."
/by Julien Genestoux (source)
Robin Andrews you've gone from having no website to setting up your #indieweb identity, with POSSEing of posts out to social networks, in what — two months? Your brain has the right to be frazzled :) Well done, keep it up!


text:
Go to this link to order the Kindle under the special offer. If you're going to order it as a gift for someone other than yourself, check the box labeled "show gifting options" before you proceed to checkout so you can add a custom gift note and send the Kindle unregistered.
Here's how I use the Kindle for speaking:
- To store PDF or Word files of my speeches, notes or talking points. It's small and light enough to be a real space- and weight-saver when you travel, or if you are giving several talks on one trip.
- To adjust type size automatically for any speaking situation. You have a choice of font sizes, and because the Kindle isn't backlit, it's easier to read from.
- To carry source material--books, blogs, articles, newspapers--and bookmark it or annotate it for future use in speeches.
- To keep from shuffling or dropping papers when I speak. The smaller 6" Kindle is just a bit larger than a large file card, and can be held with one hand or propped up on a lectern. Either size Kindle means you'll never drop a page again.
New! Sign up for The Eloquent Woman's free monthly newsletter, Step Up Your Speaking
Shop for books, technology and supplies for speakers at The Eloquent Woman's Speaker Resources Store


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Provosts Invited to Submit nominations for multi-campus collaborations in Transforming Course Design [from Gary Reichard's Memorandum to Provosts, via Tom Carey, Oct 26 2007]
For Fall 2007 the Transforming Course Design focus will be on multi-campus collaborations. Provosts have been invited to submit their preferred course candidates for collaborations: courses that have high enrollment, unsatisfactory student rates of success, and faculty commitment to participation in the redesign process and openness to implementation of the results.
December 12: Best candidates for multi-campus collaborations in course redesign will be identified.
December 18: Faculty recommended by Provosts for participation in the redesign process will be selected as part of the core redesign team or the peer review team.
The core redesign team will analyze the curricular areas in which outcomes are not satisfactory, including


text:
Lawn care experts spread a crabgrass control fertilizer across lawns in the spring before the weed has had time to grow
Customer Reviews
What You'll Get
The Deal
- $25 for a spring pre-emergent crabgrass control fertilizer with lawn analysis ($50 value)
Plant Growth: Moving Without Muscles
Silently and stealthily, plants are plotting to take over your yard. Explore the forces that set greenery in motion with Groupon's study of plant growth.
Phototropism: How a plant grows in response to light. Most plants naturally grow toward a light source, soaking up its rays to produce energy. If a houseplant is placed on the dark side of a windowsill, over time, it will creep as close as possible to the nearest light source, even if it has to bend at unnatural angles to do so. A hormone called auxin triggers this bend—it tends to pool in the shadiest part of the stem, where it spurs new cells to grow quickly and in elongated shapes so that they can reach the light more quickly.
Heliotropism: How a plant stalks the sun. Like phototropism, heliotropism is light-triggered and uses auxin, but it involves no growth whatsoever. Instead, heliotropic plants such as snow buttercups rotate their flowers to physically track the sun across the sky each day. This helps them maximize their UV-feasting time on short winter days, and turns them into a sort of sauna that attracts pollinating insects on vacation from Sweden. Contrary to popular belief, sunflowers are not heliotropic. Before they flower, their buds do track the sun, but it is classic phototropism that leads them to face ever eastward once they have bloomed.
Gravitropism: How a plant avoids growing upside down. A plant can tell when it's working against gravity thanks to starch grains stored within special cells. If a plant is placed on its side, these grains will fall in the direction of gravity, signaling auxin to report for duty. A rush of auxin will speed up cell growth in key areas until the roots again bend downward and the stem bends upward. In space, plants have been known to send their roots out every which way, though they eventually can compensate for the lack of gravity by relying more on phototropism and hydrotropism (reaching their roots toward a water source).
Thigmotropism: How a plant responds to touch. A powerful sense of touch is what lets vines and ivy climb lampposts and lattices. Once their tendrils brush up against a suitable object, they immediately release auxin to help them curl around it in a tight embrace. Often, plant roots will use thigmotropism to move away from barriers to growth such as house foundations and "No Plants Allowed" signs.
The Fine Print
Promotional value expires 90 days after purchase. Amount paid never expires. Not valid for clients active within the past 2 month(s). Appointment required. Valid only in LA, San Bernardino and Riverside county. Valid up to 3,000 square feet. Appointment required. Merchant's standard cancellation policy applies (any fees not to exceed voucher price). Limit 1 per person, may buy 1 additional as a gift. Limit 1 per visit. Valid only for option purchased. All goods or services must be used by the same person. Merchant is solely responsible to purchasers for the care and quality of the advertised goods and services.


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CIA Tells FOIA Requester That He Needs To Know Everything About The Emails He's Requesting Before He Can Request Them
from the using-the-rarely-seen-tautology-exemption dept
More FOIA-related nonsense, this time from the CIA. Michael Morisy, co-founder of MuckRock, sent a request for internal emails discussing (rather ironically) the fact that the CIA's "FOIA Portal" seems to suffer from extended periods of downtime.
This is a request under the Freedom of Information Act. I hereby request the following records:Given the agency's disdain for the FOIA process (second only to the NYPD), I'm sure this sort of outage is viewed as a feature, not a bug. But whatever internal musings the CIA had about its FOIA portal issues will apparently be staying internal for the time being.
A copy of emails sent to or from the CIA's FOIA office regarding the FOIA Portal's Technical Issues.
According to the CIA's current FOIA website: "FOIA requests cannot currently be made online due to technical issues. Requests can still be submitted via the US Postal Service and facsimile."
Please also include any attachments to these emails.
The CIA rejected Morisy's request in full, basically stating that searching for emails is hard work and that the requester could have at least bothered to know exactly who was talking about the portal issues and exactly when they were doing it before making the request.
The FOIA requires requesters to "reasonably describe" the information they seek so that professional employees familiar with the subject matter can locate responsive information with a reasonable amount of effort. Commonly this equates to a requirement that the documents must be locatable through the indexing of our various systems. Extremely broad or vague requests or requests requiring research do not satisfy this requirement. We require requesters seeking any form of "electronic communications" such as emails, to provide the specific "to" and "from" recipients, time frame and subject. We note that you have provided the subject only. Therefore, we must decline your request.Obviously, a FOIA requester isn't going to know these sorts of specifics beforehand, hence THE REQUEST FOR INFORMATION. As MuckRock's JPat Brown points out, Twitter user Mythosopher had perhaps the best response to this refusal...
You can't see any emails or know who sent or received them. But you must request the exact email and who sent and received it.... along with this graphic:
The CIA has pretty much ensured many requests will be found too cumbersome to comply with. It used 2013's brief sequester as an excuse to shut down its office in charge of declassifying historical documents and fold it in with the FOIA department's steady stream of extension requests and denials. And the CIA joins an ever-lengthening list of federal agencies completely mystified by internal email systems. Oddly, this same government expects the US public to trust that agencies like the FBI, CIA, NSA and countless law enforcement entities will be able to find the needles in your personal email haystacks -- obtained in bulk with FISA court orders, NSLs or old-fashioned open-ended, non-specific warrants.
The CIA itself has already raided internal networks to root out Senate staffers and whistleblowers, but no one heard anyone complain about the lack of specifics making the job too tough to do. It's only when the public asks to dip into the government's business that these agencies suddenly start acting like the impossible is being demanded.
Filed Under: cia, foia, secrecy, transparency


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Sleep Disorders Center
For Patients
What to Expect
Preparing for your sleep study
Please arrive with clean, dry hair
Do not use gels, lotions or oils on your scalp or skin
Do not nap the day of your study
- Do not drink excessive amounts of caffeine after 12 noon on the day of your study
What to bring for your stay
Comfortable pajamas, tee shirt, sweat pants or shorts
Evening medications
Your favorite pillow or blanket if it will help you rest and relax – we do provide them as well
Personal toiletries for an overnight stay – private bathroom/shower available for every patient
Frequently Asked Questions
What will you monitor during the night?
We will place leads on your scalp using a water soluble paste to monitor your brainwave activity. We will monitor your leg movements, eye movement, snoring, oxygen levels, cardiac rhythms, respiratory effort and nasal/oral airflow. You will not be injected with anything. Sensors are applied using stickers, tape adhesive or EEG paste (water soluble).
How do people sleep with all of the wires attached?
Almost everyone can fall asleep, although it may take a little longer than average. We attach the monitoring devices upon arrival and allow time for you to sit, relax and read or watch TV before we initiate the actual study. Th is will allow you time to get accustomed to the feeling of the leads and wires.
I normally take sleeping pills to help me sleep at night. Do I take them the night of my test?
It depends on the reason for the medication. We suggest bringing the medication with you the night of the study just in case you are experiencing diffi culties falling asleep or awaken during the night and cannot fall back to sleep. A technologist will ask the medical director based on the information included in your consultation.
What happens if I need to use the bathroom during my test?
The technologist will be monitoring you all night and will be able to hear you call out from the bedroom. The technologist will disconnect two cables which will allow you to get up and use the private bathroom in your bedroom as often as is needed. A urinal may be placed bedside upon request.
Can I go to work the morning after my sleep study?
Yes. We have showers in all of our private bathrooms for you to use to prepare for your workday. If you need an early wake-up time, please inform your technologist of the time you need to be up. You do not need to take a day off of work.
Where should I park?
Please park at the Silver Cross Hospital Visitor and Patient Parking Lot C. You can enter the main hospital entranceand will be escorted to Pavilion A, Suite 525 for your study. When you leave in the morning, we will escort you back to the main hospital entrance for your vehicle.