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The name of the thread says it all.
How long you been a fan? Since 1998 when i watched my first hockey game. I was 5 years old, been a fan for 12 years now.
Approximately how many games have you attended? Over 150 or so, from age 5 to 11 I was going to about 20 games a season, since then my dad has been kind of boy-cotting, but we still go 10 games a year lol.
What jerseys do you have: For my 6th birthday gift I got a Donald Audette white jersey, with the shield on it. Next jersey was a blank white jersey with the crown on it. I have the purple jersey with the shield on it, I've been using it for the past 4 years. Ordered a Anze Kopitar road jersey last week. I also have the 90's Black jersey, autographed by Jeremy Roenick, Alexander Frolov, Eric Belanger, and Pavol Demitra.
Most memorable Kings moment for you: When they beat the Red Wings in 6 games back in the 2001 playoffs. I remember watching there comeback in Game 4...amazing! And being at Staples Center the following year when they played against the Avalanche. 19 seconds into the game, Allison chases after a puck that goes to Roy, Roy poke checks it off Allison's shin and goes in. I was sitting about 20 rows behind that play.
That is my Biography as a Kings fan!


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Tripping II Poster
Tripping II by Steve Harrington - 8" x 10"
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Looking west from our wilderness campsite on a canoe trip in Ontario.
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I am a retired professor at a college in Toronto and taught critical thinking and communications. In the past I also taught literature, creative thinking and problem solving. I've also had the opportunity to teach about and lead tours to a variety of world destinations including backpacking through the Canadian Rockies, traveling above the Arctic Circle in Norway, into the Sahara in Morocco, and throughout Southeast Asia with a special focus on Thailand. It was my four tours to India that formed me most profoundly, both as a person and as a photographer. It is a magic land of extremes in every sense of the word. More recently I had the opportunity to expand my world view with travel to the Peruvian Andes, the back roads of West...
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Autodesk is not blind; it has noticed its increasing popularity in the 3D design community. As a result, in 2011, it released 123D, its first desktop software aimed toward the do-it-yourself community. Autodesk was making the first steps toward creating a product that helps users take products from concept to the shelf.
Since then, Autodesk has released four different apps, each offering its own way to make 3D designing easier. The first was 123D Sculpt, which lets iPad users create and modify clay-like models with their fingers. 123D Catch, released in May 2012, integrated the cloud and cameras into 3D design. By taking digital pictures of an object, the software can process images and create an accurate 3D model of the object. 123D Make, released that same month, helps turn their 3D designs into real objects. Different construction techniques can be used to build objects, and templates can be created to send to laser printers.
Most recently, Autodesk added 123D Design to its app family. The free software can be used on a tablet, on a PC, or even through an Internet browser. Since this is cross-platform software, users can begin modeling on an iPad and continue working on the project on a PC.
Christian Pramuk, product manager for the 123D apps, told us the latest program is designed to make 3D modeling as easy as possible while helping people create complex and difficult models. "The software emphasizes interactive creation, where users learn by playing with the software and experimenting with parts until they get something they like." To get new users started with this process, the software comes with a few project kits (a house, a train, and a robot) for modeling and possible expansion. Experimenting with these kits can give users a feel for the software's mechanics. For example, using pieces available from the robot kit, users can scale and manipulate the parts and use the system's snap feature to build their own robot.
Autodesk has done its best to give users a way to get their 3D model printed. Files can be saved and transferred as .stl files, which is currently the most common type of file read by 3D printers. Autodesk has also integrated its technology with three different printing companies (for now). Sculpteo, Shapeways, and i.materialize will print your designs and models and ship them directly to your house. The procedure involves uploading your designs and following step-by-step instructions to have your model printed just they way you want it.
Autodesk has been leading the way in the design community for 30 years. Recognizing the growing popularity and use of 3D printers, it "wanted to have a solid foundation in the community in which it could build on." The 123D family provides that foundation. Using this software, more people (experienced or amateur) can create 3D models of anything they can imagine. More people than ever before have the ability to design and create like professionals.
Autodesk recently bought instructables, an online community where people share what they have built and how they have built it. There is nothing more motivating that the accolades of the Internet masses.
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South African Journal of Science
versão On-line ISSN 1996-7489
versão impressa ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.104 no.7-8 Pretoria Set./Ago. 2008
Improvement in the modelling of geomagnetically induced currents in southern Africa
E.H. BernhardiI, III, *, ª; P.J. CilliersII; C.T. GauntIV
INational Astrophysics and Space Science Programme, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
IIHermanus Magnetic Observatory, P.O. Box 32, Hermanus 7200, South Africa
IIICSIR National Laser Centre, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
IVDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town
One of the consequences of the geomagnetic storms resulting from adverse space weather is the induction of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power lines. The GICs that flow in a power transmission network are driven by the induced electric field at the Earth's surface. The electric field, in turn, is affected by the changing magnetic field during a magnetic storm. These GICs can cause extensive and expensive damage to transformers in the power transmission system. Understanding the behaviour of the magnetic field during a magnetic storm is a crucial step in modelling and predicting the electric field and ultimately the GICs in a power transmission network. We present a brief overview of the present status of GIC modelling in southern Africa and then discuss whether it is sufficient to use geomagnetic data from a single magnetic observatory alone to model GICs over the subcontinent. A geomagnetic interpolation method is proposed to improve the modelling of GICs in southern Africa. This improved model is one step closer to our being able to predict GICs accurately in the subcontinent, which will enable power distribution companies to take the necessary precautions to minimize possible transformer damage.
One of the consequences of geomagnetic storms that result from adverse space weather is the induction of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power lines. The frequency of adverse space weather is closely linked to the incidence of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from active areas on the surface of the Sun, known as sunspots, particularly during sunspot-cycle maxima. On the other hand, during sunspot-cycle minima, co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) are mostly responsible for magnetic storms. Solar activity, as measured by the sunspot number, seems to follow an 11-year sunspot cycle. Figure 1 represents the current sunspot cycle, Cycle 23. Cycle 24 began in January 2008. During a period of maximum sunspot number, the solar activity is statistically at a maximum, and vice versa. The next solar maximum (during sunspot Cycle 24) is predicted to occur around 2011. CMEs also arise at times other than at solar maximum, however, like the well-known Halloween storm of October 2003, which occurred in the waning phase of sunspot Cycle 23. GICs are the last step in a chain of events that start with CMEs on the Sun. This chain of events can be summarized as follows:
Coronal mass ejection
The Sun continuously emits energetic particles (ions) in the form of plasma into interplanetary space. This plasma, travelling through the heliosphere, is called the solar wind, and typically consists of hydrogen and helium ions and electrons, and drags some magnetic flux out of the Sun to fill the heliosphere with a weak interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). When a CME occurs, it results in the ejection of enormous additional amounts of high-energy ions (plasma) into interplanetary space. A CME directed at the Earth can cause a sudden increase in the solar wind pressure from 2 nPa to as much as 30 nPa, an increase in the solar wind velocity from an average of 400 km/s to as much as 2000 km/s, as well as a rapid change in the interplanetary magnetic field from typically 5 nT to 30 nT. The solar wind velocity was close to 2000 km/s during the storm of October 2003.1 These sudden changes, in turn, disturb the Earth's magnetosphere and can initiate geomagnetic storms. It is now well established that CMEs are the drivers of practically all large geomagnetic storms, with Dst values** less than 100 nT. The southward component of the typically-rapid magnetic field fluctuations within CIRs, on the other hand, through sporadic magnetic reconnection with the Earth's geomagnetic field, lead to weak to moderate intensity magnetic storm main phases with Dst values greater than 100 nT.
Interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere
The Earth's magnetosphere extends to about ten Earth radii towards the Sun. The solar wind propagates towards Earth, where it interacts with the magnetosphere through a process called reconnection. Reconnection of the Earth's day-side magnetic field with the IMF readily facilitates the transfer of momentum and energy from the solar wind into the Earth's magnetosphere. The direction and magnitude of the IMF determines the efficiency of the interaction with the magnetosphere. If the IMF is directed southward, that is, opposite to the Earth's magnetic field, the resulting disturbance of the Earth's geomagnetic field can be quite large.2
Interaction between the magnetosphere, ionosphere and the Earth's surface
The ionosphere is the ionized layer of the upper atmosphere, extending from 100 km to about 1000 km above the Earth. The coupling between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere is a complex plasma process that gives rise to increases and rapid variations (on a time-scale of 11000 s) in the geomagnetic field at the Earth's surface.3 This is known as a geomagnetic storm, during which an electric field at the Earth's surface is induced according to Faraday's law of induction:
with E as the induced electric field at the Earth's surface in V/m and B the magnetic field in tesla. ∂B/∂t is the rate of change in the geomagnetic field and ∇ × E indicates the curl operator acting on E. The electric field that is induced at the Earth's surface causes different areas on the ground to be at different electric potentials. When we consider two different grounding points of the power transmission system at different locations, typically at electrical substations, a current will flow from the point of higher electric potential to one of lower potential. The currents that flow to the ground via the power transformers are known as GICs. These currents are induced not only in conductors like power transmission lines, but also in telecommunication cables and conducting pipes on or below the Earth's surface.
The typical frequency range of GICs is 10.001 Hz (period 11000 s).4 This frequency is much less than the alternating current of 50 Hz (period 0.02 s) at which the South African power transmission system operates. These quasi-d.c. GICs cause half-cycle saturation in the magnetic circuits of the transformers and can be responsible for extensive damage to transformers in the transmission network. This leads to power outages and may require expensive replacement of defective transformers. Even though magnetic field changes, caused by solar storms, are more severe at greater latitudes,3 the long transmission lines in southern Africa allow for the induction of relatively high GICs, and there is substantial evidence that several power transformer failures in the subcontinent have been caused by extreme geomagnetic activity.5,6
We provide a brief overview of the method presently used to model the GICs at a power transmission substation by using measured geomagnetic data. We then consider a case to show that it is insufficient to use geomagnetic data from a single magnetic observatory alone to model GICs in our region, as has been done previously.7 We then describe a geomagnetic interpolation method to improve the existing model to calculate GICs in southern Africa.
Present status of GIC modelling in southern Africa
The GIC modelling process can be divided into two steps.8 First, the surface electric field must be determined from the changing geomagnetic field using Faraday's law of induction [Equation (1)]. Once the electric field is known, the GIC in the power transmission system can be calculated from the configuration of the power lines and the ground resistance. This modelling process is demonstrated with data from a severe geomagnetic storm that took place on 29 October 2003, the so-called Halloweenstorm, which resulted in extensive damage to power transformers in this region (Fig. 2).
Geomagnetic field to electric field
Consider the horizontal components Bx and By of the geomagnetic field as measured at the Hermanus Magnetic Observatory (HMO) on 29 October 2003 (Fig. 3). The Bx component is directed north and the By component directed east. The first rapid change in Bx and By is associated with the start of the geomagnetic storm at 06:00 (UT). The rate of change of the horizontal components of the geomagnetic field, as shown in Fig. 4, is the driver of the GICs. The electric field can be determined from the magnetic field by9
where µ0 is the permeability of free space, σ is the conductivity of the Earth (taken as 0.001 S m1), Δ is the sampling interval, n is the sample number and
where bn = Bn Bn1 denotes the change in Bx (or By) between observations at time tn and the preceding observations at time tn1. Note that the electric field is not only determined by the current value of the geomagnetic field, but is also affected by past values of the geomagnetic field. This is why the index m is introduced in Equations (2) and (3). The value of m determines how far back in time that contributions from the geomagnetic field are still considered. By applying Equations (2) and (3), with m taken to be 10, the electric field can now be calculated7 (Fig. 5). The value m = 10 was used, as it was employed in previous work to model GICs in southern Africa7 accurately. A further investigation is needed in order to determine whether m = 10 is indeed the optimum value of m
Electric field to GICs
The next step is to determine the GICs from the induced electric field at the Earth's surface. The electric field at the location of each transformer can be calculated by using Equation (2). If it is assumed that the electric field is spatially constant over the region where the GICs are calculated, then the current can be determined from8,9
where a and b are coefficients that depend on the topology and geometry of the power transmission network. These coefficients vary as the network configuration changes with location and time. The GIC is determined for the Eskom Grassridge substation near Port Elizabeth for the purposes of the calculation presented here. The values for a and b at Grassridge are taken to be 80 and 15, respectively.7 Figure 6 illustrates the modelled GIC at Grassridge during the geomagnetic storm. The plus or minus sign indicates the polarity of the current. This method of calculating GICs in this region has been implemented by Koen.7
Challenges for the modelling of GICs in southern Africa
Geomagnetic data from only one observatory, at Hermanus, were used7 in previous attempts at modelling the GICs in the subcontinent. GICs in Finland could not be modelled accurately at a particular site by using geomagnetic data from a magnetic observatory more than about 300 km away from that location.8 Because a particular GIC site in southern Africa can be several hundred kilometres away from Hermanus, where the geomagnetic measurements are taken, could be one of the reasons why there have been differences between previous models and measured GICs in the region.5
The sparsity of geomagnetic observatories is another major disadvantage in modelling GICs in the subcontinent. At the time of this research, there were three functional geomagnetic observatories in southern Africa, namely at Hermanus (HER) and Hartebeesthoek (HBK) in South Africa, and Tsumeb (TSU) in Namibia.
Another difficulty is obtaining the most recent information regarding the configuration of the power transmission network, in order to determine accurate values for the network coefficients a and b in Equation (4).
Improvements in the modelling of GICs in southern Africa
To show that the location, where the geomagnetic data are taken, is of importance in modelling GICs, see Fig. 7 for a comparison of GIC results at the Hydra substation (De Aar), as calculated with Hermanus and Hartebeesthoek geomagnetic data, respectively, and assuming a constant network configuration for all the cases. (The five storms that were investigated had the highest Kp-index (a classification of the severity of the magnetic storm that ranges between 0 and 9, with 9 being the most severe) for that particular year.) As can be seen from the figure, for the Hydra substation, which is nearer to Hartebeesthoek than to Hermanus, the GICs according to HBK data are always more severe than those according to HMO data. Table 1 gives the difference in maximum GIC at Hydra according to HMO and HBK magnetic data, respectively. For Hydra, the GIC has on average been underestimated by 21% when HMO data are used instead of HBK data. For the Matimba substation near Lephalale, HBK delivers GICs that have on average been 16% higher than those calculated with HMO data. The GIC at the Beta substation has been underestimated by 20% when HMO magnetic data are used instead of HBK data. Further investigation is needed for the other substations in southern Africa, but based on the data from the three substations mentioned above, it seems necessary to acquire geomagnetic data that are closer to the GIC site of interest, in order to improve GIC modelling and, ultimately, GIC forecasting in the subcontinent.
Interpolating the geomagnetic field
It should be possible to obtain a more accurate value for the variation of the geomagnetic field at the GIC site of interest by using some form of interpolation between the sites where the magnetic field is observed. The interpolation method proposed in this paper is the spherical elementary current system (SECS) based on equivalent elementary currents in the ionosphere.10,11 This method is an inversion technique, where observed geomagnetic data are used to infer equivalent ionospheric currents. SECS would typically be used in highly disturbed geomagnetic events where the ionospheric contribution to the geomagnetic variation is more than 80%.12 It is not possible to construct the true 3-D ionospheric current system from ground-based geomagnetic measurements alone. For every 3-D magnetic field variation, there exists a horizontal equivalent current system that reproduces the same geomagnetic field at the surface of the Earth.13 It is important to note that these equivalent ionospheric currents are not real currents, but hypothetical constructs that reproduce the observed geomagnetic field at the Earth's surface. Planar geometry is used for this application, instead of spherical geometry, as GICs are a regional phenomenon for which the curvature of the Earth can be neglected as a first approximation. The surface current density vector of such an elementary equivalent ionospheric current system at height h, with amplitude I, in cylindrical coordinates is8,14
where is the unit vector in the φ-direction, and the xy plane is the Earth's surface. The horizontal geomagnetic field vector due to such an elementary current system is8
where is the unit vector in the radial direction, µ0 is the permeability of free space, h is the height of the ionospheric current element above the Earth's surface, r is the radial distance from the current element to the field point, and I is the amplitude of the equivalent current. The equivalent ionospheric current elements are placed in an equally-spaced grid (a 15 × 15 grid was used in this model, which translates to a grid spacing of ~115 km) at a height of 100 km above the subcontinent. The amplitudes of these current elements can be calculated by fitting the modelled horizontal geomagnetic field (due to ionospheric elementary currents) to the measured horizontal geomagnetic field as exists8 at the geomagnetic observatories at Hermanus, Hartebeesthoek and Tsumeb:4
The left-hand side of this linear matrix equation is the x-directed component of the geomagnetic field, as measured at the different magnetic observatories. On the right-hand side of Equation (7) is the component of the modelled geomagnetic field4
at the point (xi, yi), i = 1, 2,..., N on the Earth's surface due to a current element of unit amplitude at (xj, yj), j = 1, 2,..., K and height 100 km above the Earth. Here, rij denotes the radial distance between the source and field points. The linear system represented by Equation (8) is usually underdetermined, due to the number of measurements being much less than the number of required elementary currents (K > N), and must be solved by means of singular value decomposition (SVD).4 The above calculation is performed for Bx. A similar linear system can be constructed for By. The solution of this linear system gives the equivalent ionospheric current amplitudes that reproduce the geomagnetic fields measured at the magnetic observatories. From these equivalent currents, it is now possible to determine the horizontal geomagnetic field at any point (x, y). This method delivers an interpolation technique for the geomagnetic field,8 which makes it possible to determine the geomagnetic field close to the site of interest for GIC calculation. This in turn allows a corresponding interpolation of the electric field over the entire region of interest (Fig. 8).
At first glance, using this interpolation method might appear as a contradiction, since Equation (4) assumes a plane-wave disturbance of the geomagnetic field, and by using SECS, it shows that the geomagnetic field disturbance is indeed variable (plane wave) over the entire region of interest. The greatest contribution to the GICs at a site of interest is from the geomagnetic disturbance (and thus the induced electric field) close to the site. This plane-wave method [Equation (4)] can be very accurate,8 if we isolate the particular GIC site and assume that the value of the geomagnetic field over the entire region is a plane wave, with the value of the interpolated geomagnetic field at the GIC site.
Figure 9 illustrates the difference between using data from a single observatory versus the SECS interpolation method to calculate GICs. As a measure of effectiveness, we first considered the maximum measured GIC of 12.55 A at the Grassridge substation, which was recorded at 06:48 (UT) on 29 October 2003, and we compared how well this value could be modelled. By using only the geomagnetic field at Tsumeb, which is the observatory farthest from Grassridge, to calculate the GIC, the error in the modelled value of the maximum GIC was 81%. But by using the SECS interpolation method and the measured geomagnetic field from all three observatories (HER, HBK and TSU), the modelling error could be reduced to 12%. As an alternative measure of effectiveness over the duration of the storm, we considered the variance of the modelling error as a percentage of the root mean squared value of the GIC, which was reduced from 59% in the case of using only Tsumeb data in the model, to 25% when the SECS interpolation was used.
The SECS interpolation method, in conjunction with the plane wave GIC model, has been used with great success in Finland to model GICs, even with a relatively sparse magnetometer network.8
Conclusion and proposals for future work
GICs arise in southern Africa's power transmission system, and large currents induced during geomagnetic storms can cost Eskom, the national electrical utility, millions of rands as a result of transformers that are damaged, either latently or radically. By using data from only one magnetic observatory, GICs cannot be modelled as accurately as when data from other magnetic observatories in the region are included.
Since the geomagnetic data used for modelling and predicting GICs should be determined at the site of interest, we have implemented an interpolation method to model the geomagnetic field at desired locations. The SECS delivers a powerful method for interpolation of the geomagnetic field, in order to produce geomagnetic data close to the sites of interest. The interpolated magnetic data can then be used to model GICs in the subcontinent more accurately than by previous methods.
It is crucial to have more magnetic observatories in southern Africa for the SECS interpolation method to achieve its full potential. Currently, the SECS method is very useful for post-event analysis, but if we can forecast the geomagnetic field at observation stations using patterns in our observations from these stations, then the interpolated geomagnetic field data will be available to predict GICs anywhere in the subcontinental power transmission network. Future work will include refining the SECS interpolation method by using a more realistic ground resistivity model for the region. The current assumptions of planar geometry might be extended to accommodate spherical geometry.
A possible way of forecasting the geomagnetic field, and ultimately GICs, is to implement a type of artificial intelligence computer algorithm, known as a neural network, to predict the geomagnetic field from an analysis of past records of the geomagnetic field at a particular magnetic observatory. This could be done by investing the program with as much historical data as is possible, giving the location of the observatory, the solar wind velocity, solar wind density, and IMF field values, with the corresponding outcomes. The program should then learn to recognize trends, which would allow it to predict an outcome on presentation of a new input data set. This could make it possible to predict GICs up to one hour in advance, depending on the availability of solar wind data from the ACE, SOHO or other satellites that continuously monitor the solar wind parameters. These satellites are located at a point between the Earth and the Sun where the nett gravitational force is zero, as the Earth's and the Sun's gravitational fields essentially cancel each other. This position is referred to as the Lagrangian point 1. It typically takes the solar wind one hour to reach the Earth from this point. Such a real-time GIC forecasting system in southern Africa will allow power distribution companies such as Eskom (in South Africa) and NamPower (in Namibia) to take pre-emptive measures in order to protect the equipment that is at risk.
This research contributes a key step towards improving the forecasting of GICs in southern Africa, through the advantage that the SECS interpolation method interpolates the geomagnetic field as accurately as is currently possible with the existing configuration of magnetic observatories in the region.
We thank Patrick Sibanda, Elijah Oyeyemi and Pieter Kotze of the Hermanus Magnetic Observatory for their advice and comments on the paper. We would also like to thank Eskom and EPRI's Sunburst project for providing us with measured GIC data, in order to validate our model.
1. Skoug R.M., Gosling J.T., Steinberg J.T., McComas D.J., Smith C.W., Ness N.F., Hu Q. and Burlaga L.F. (2004). Extremely high speed solar wind: 2930 October 2003. J. Geophys. Res. 109, A09102 [ Links ]
2. Pirjola R. (2002). Geomagnetic effects on ground-based technological systems. Surv. Geophys. 23, 7190. Pirjola R., Kauristie K., Lappalainen H., Viljanen A. and Pulkkinen A. (2005). Space weather risk. Space Weather 3, S02A02. [ Links ]
3. Pulkkinen A. (2003). Geomagnetic induction during highly disturbed space weather conditions: Studies of ground effect. Ph.D thesis, University of Helsinki, Finland. [ Links ]
4. Koen J. and Gaunt C.T. (2002). Geomagnetically induced currents at mid-latitudes. In Proc. International Union of Radio Science (URSI) General Assembly, Maastricht. [ Links ]
5. Gaunt C.T. and Coetzee G. (2007). Transformer failures in regions incorrectly considered to have low GIC-risk. In Proc. IEEE Powertech Conference, July, Lausanne. [ Links ]
6. Koen J. (2002). Geomagnetically induced currents in the Southern African electricity transmission network. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa. [ Links ]
7. Viljanen A., Pulkkinen A., Amm O., Pirjola R., Korja T. and BEAR working group (2004). Fast computation of the geoelectric field using the method of elementary current systems and planar Earth models. Annal. Geophys. 22, 101113. [ Links ]
8. Viljanen A. and Pirjola R. (1989). Statistics on geomagnetically-induced currents in the Finnish 400 kV power system based on recordings of geomagnetic variations. J. Geomagn. Geoelec. 41, 411420. [ Links ]
9. Amm O. and Viljanen A. (1999). Ionospheric disturbance magnetic field continuation from the ground to the ionosphere using spherical elementary current systems. Earth Planets Space 51, 431440. [ Links ]
10. Pulkkinen A., Amm O., Viljanen A. and BEAR working group (2003). Separation of the geomagnetic variation field on the ground into external and internal parts using the spherical elementary current system method. Earth Planets Space 55, 117129. [ Links ]
11. Tanskanen E.I., Viljanen A., Pulkkinen T.I., Pirjola R., Häkkinen L., Pulkkinen A. and Amm O. (2001). At substorm onset, 40% of AL comes from underground. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 1311913134. [ Links ]
12. Pirjola R. and Viljanen A. (1998). Complex image method for calculating electric and magnetic fields produced by an auroral elecrojet of a finite length. Annal. Geophys. 16, 14341444. [ Links ]
13. Amm O. (1997). Ionospheric elementary current systems in spherical coordinates and their application. J. Geomag. Geoelec. 49, 947955. [ Links ]
Received 7 April. Accepted 14 June 2008.
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
** The Dst (disturbance storm time) index is an hourly average of the low-latitude horizontal magnetic variation. This gives an estimate of the global depression of the horizontal magnetic field that is caused by the westward flowing high-altitude equatorial ring current during large magnetic storms.
a Present address: Integrated Optical MicroSystems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands


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I am working on a vector map library where you can add plain image and vector layers to a map. The map itself consists of an infinite coordinate system and each layer is a coordinate system of it's own.
However I'm uncertain how layers should be added to the map coordinate system.
The current implementation places the layer's center around given coordinates and scales the layer to a given size:
map.add(new layer(image="url", cx, cy, width, height)) -> Figure1
Another option would be to place the layer's origin (bottom left corner) to the given coordinates:
map.add(new layer(image="url", ox, oy, width, height)) -> Figure2
The third option would be to let the user provide 2 coordinates i.e. bottom left and top right so that width and height can be omitted:
map.add(new layer(image="url", {x, y}, {x, y})) -> Figure3
This Polymaps example uses the third approach
What would you recommend: Are there any conventions, how layers (image or vector) are usually positioned on a map?


text: 1920-DSC_6516 18 January, 2017 29 March, 2018 admingbc About Author admingbc This is the administrator of this site speaking. The administrator is not responsible for authoring blog posts. It is rather the editors that should do it. Previous postMeteora's road cruise Comments Leave a Reply CommentName* Email* Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 2 + = Post Comment


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One Question To Ask Yourself Before All Food and Exercise Decisions/
A few weeks ago I wrote a post on untangling the thoughts in your head stemming from the Food Police from the Nutrition Ally. The Food Police is an unhelpful voice, telling you what you should and shouldn't do, all with a side of shame. The Nutrition Ally is a helpful voice, gently guiding you to the food choices that make you feel best.
I heard a lot from my clients after that post, as it got them thinking more about whether their food choices were stemming from punishment or self care. Am I making this salad because I'm craving something light and refreshing after eating heavier food yesterday, or am I making this salad because I think I should after eating heavier food yesterday. It's always a reassuring sign for clients when their intuitive eating practice starts guiding them towards more nutritious foods, but it can also be confusing trying to untangle if they're making choices because they think they should or because it's actually what their body is craving. This is especially true for someone just getting back in touch with their body's cues.
To help untangle the confusion, there's one question I have my clients ask before making food an exercise choices to see if their decision is nourishing or punitive:
If I totally and completely accepted my body at it's current size, would I still make this choice.
If you accepted your body, would you still wake up early to go running every morning, or would you give yourself a few more rest days to sleep in?
If you accepted your body, would you still order the salad, or would you choose the pasta dish?
If you accepted your body, would you still eat your "healthy, gluten-free, paleo, whole 30 approved!" homemade brownies that you swear up and down taste like the real thing, or would you go to a bakery and grab one made with butter and sugar and flour?
If the answer is no, then maybe your morning runs aren't your stress reliever, as you've been telling yourself. And maybe you don't really want a salad. And probably those brownies really aren't quite as tasty as you've been telling yourself.
As you go throughout your day today, start to question if you'd make the same decisions if you thought your body was OK as it is. I'd love to hear if you do anything differently because of it in the comments!
More intuitive eating support:


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£20 million worth of bicycles
+ Subject to no claims or changes in your policy in the first year.
Protecting your ride and keeping you on the tarmac is what we are here for.
With the speed and terrain of a track, we know that accidents will happen.
We understand your bike is a vital part of your daily commute.
Cycling with the family or simply for your own enjoyment.
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I was delighted with the service and help I got today from Cycleguard. I needed to make a claim and was talked through the process. Tom was a pleasure to talk to and extremely helpful.
Victoria Smith - Coventry 2015
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I am writing to express my sincerest appreciation of your staff and fans at Buford High School.
On March 12, during the North Central and Buford JV baseball game, we had a player break his leg. While this was occurring, one of our fans had a stroke in the stands.
Looking for a sunflower or maybe a four-leaf clover in Sun City Carolina Lakes? These are rare finds indeed.
As a longtime opinion reader and sometime contributor, I am somewhat flabbergasted by the negative comments coming from many residents of our neighborhood to the north.
I just can't believe all the trash along the roads in Indian Land I saw this morning.
I've only seen one sign by Aldi about adopting a highway and stopping littering. What good is that?
The area along U.S. 521 has beautiful trees and shrubs and flowers and then you have tons of trash. This is not just along U.S. 521 either.
Lancaster County should place signs with $500 penalties for littering and strictly enforce it.
Well, they did it again! The Always Ready Emergency Troupe's Variety and Comedy Show "Remember When" was a huge success!
The Feb. 25 rebuttal letter by James McManus, "Walker should run for vice president," to Brooks Walkers' Feb. 22 column, "Time to love country more than Obama," is pathetic.
Because he has no facts on his side, Mr. McManus uses the old leftist alternative of vilifying anyone who disagrees with Obama as "hating the president."
He says, "We can argue about the economy, employment and terrorism."
After a month of persistent and crippling snowstorms, I do look forward to spring weather, green grass and flowers in bloom.
The advent of spring is also a great opportunity to turn over a new leaf on our dietary habits. In fact, hundreds of communities welcome spring on March 20 with an observance of the Great American Meatout.
Participants are asked to go vegan, at least for the day, and to explore a healthy diet of vegetables, fresh fruits, legumes and grains.
Come one, come all, and take notice of a treasure in Lancaster County. That treasure is the University of South Carolina Lancaster.
I am currently a full-time, degree-seeking student there, having retired a couple of years ago from the Lancaster County School District.
Last semester, I decided to see if this brain was still capable of studying and learning academically. I signed up for two classes in the fall 2014 semester – psychology and speech/public communications.
Thank goodness we have some local commentators, each on a different side of the fence to sort out the Bushes, Clintons and President Barack Obama for us.
I feel so far down the food chain that those aforementioned folks are way over my sphere of understanding.
Remember when that old social studies teacher talked 'bout checks and balances? Well sir, I wrote my last check for affordable health care, I'm still sick and my balance is zero.
Several years ago, I had the fantastic opportunity to travel with a group of World War II veterans on an Honor Flight, which flew out of Columbia.
I am a strong supporter of our military forces and will wave the U.S. flag in a heartbeat. To say that I had an exciting and emotional day would be an understatement.
It was an honor to be there and share in the veterans' reminiscing of days gone by.
If you are or know of a World War II veteran who has not taken an Honor Flight to Washington, D.C., please don't pass up the opportunity.
Well, the ignorant and the brainless came out for their Oscars the other night. Yes, the beautiful crowd, which loves to lavish accolades on themselves.
These prattish people strut their "wears," costing yearly salaries for real workers, as they walk Hollywood's red carpet. A fitting symbol of color, for it matches their socialistic and communistic mindsets.
Copyright © 2019
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


text: Results included in these documents were generated from tests administered statewide during a school year. The local schools or school systems scanned the students' answer sheets with proprietary software developed by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. The data were sent to the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction where they were concatenated. The data analyses and reporting are limited to traditional public schools and charter schools. In addition, confidentiality ethics do not permit references to subgroups with less than five students.


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Other Receiving Votes: Florida Institute of Technology 18, Seattle Pacific University 10.
USRowing is a nonprofit organization recognized by the United States Olympic Committee as the governing body for the sport of rowing in the United States. USRowing has 75,000 individual members and 1,200 member organizations, offering rowing programs for all. USRowing's official suppliers include Concept 2, Croker Oars, JanSport, Nielsen Kellerman, Vespoli and WinTech. USRowing also receives generous support from the National Rowing Foundation and its corporate sponsors and partners: ANXeBusiness Corp, Boathouse Sports, Connect-A-Dock, EMCVenues, JP Crickets, Ludus Tours and Rudy Project. The USRowing National Team program relies on strong partnerships to enable continued success. New opportunities exist to support the teams through the next quadrennial, culminating with the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio. America Rows, which supports diversity in rowing and the USRowing Para-Rowing programs, also benefits from corporate support.
Additional information may be found at www.usrowing.org | Twitter: @usrowing | YouTube: www.youtube.com/user/usrowingorg | Facebook: www.facebook.com/usrowing | Tumblr: http://usrowing.tumblr.com/.


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European Removals
European Removals For Ireland
Relocating overseas is one of the most significant aspects of your life. It is a beautiful reality for some, and the first step to a different life altogether. If you're relocating overseas, you're surely excited about it. Amidst this excitement, the monotonous moving processes can take a toll on your life and make you all the more anxious.
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During these vacillating times of your life, you need someone who can understand your apprehensions and support you until the last step. We are a European removals company that offer relocation services from Ireland to U.K. and U.K. to Ireland. We are willing to accompany you during this significant transit. You can count on our able guidance and timely support to grapple the challenges of an overseas move.
European removals can be an overwhelming choice for anyone to make. We believe in our own strengths as we offer you the requisite flexibility and convenience to support your overseas move to Ireland.
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The anti-Palin crusaders
She is a promiscuous, petty and unintelligent, yet deviously conniving warmonger intent on capturing the Oval Office and, from there, the world.
Those are just some of the opinions about Sarah Palin held by members of a small but extremely active network of gadflies, bloggers and authors who have devoted much of the last 2½ years to proving their case to American voters.
Story Continued Below
This self-styled anti-Palin movement — whose members span the globe and are mostly but not exclusively liberals — has been behind some embarrassing revelations about the former Alaska governor, her family and allies. But some of their leading theories have been thoroughly discredited and earned them widespread criticism. (See: 'Mama Grizzly' Sarah Palin back on the prowl)
Yet that only seems to have hardened a commitment to accomplishing what they profess to be their ultimate goal: the absolute and complete exposure of Palin as a fraud unworthy of a role in American civic life. And now, with Palin edging back into the political spotlight in the face of flagging poll numbers, they believe that they are closer than ever to achieving it. (See: Poll: The incredible shrinking Sarah Palin)
A number of forthcoming books promise to delve deeply into — and, they believe, give mainstream credibility to — some of the more salacious Palin rumors and conspiracy theories that have sprouted in the anti-Palin blogosphere and on supermarket tabloid stands but have mostly been rejected by the mainstream media.
"We're at a tipping point, where her character and her lack of ethics will be revealed on the national stage," asserted Sherry Whitstine, a 49-year-old grandmother who lives in Palin's hometown of Wasilla, Alaska, and has infuriated her famous neighbors with blog posts and online comments accusing Palin of being unfaithful in her marriage and corrupt in her political career. (See: Troopergate report: Palin abused authority)
"Some things are just going to come to light that they just won't be able to shake, and I have faith in that. It has already started, but these books will add to it," she said.
The Palin camp has dismissed these critics as inconsequential ankle-biters but also has occasionally lashed out against the stories and rumors they have circulated. While the latter approach has engendered sympathy among her supporters, it's also helped enable some of the rumors to break through into the "lamestream" media Palin so despises. (See: Sarah Palin trashes 'lamestream media')
Nonetheless, a source close to Palin downplayed the impact of the relentless scrutiny, telling POLITICO, "There are many things that are said on the Web about Gov. Palin that make it into the public domain. Many are so laughable, they don't require a response."
Their forbearance likely will be tested next month, when two major publishers will release books that have the anti-Palin movement buzzing.
St. Martin's Press has scheduled a May 10 release of "The Lies of Sarah Palin: The Untold Story Behind Her Relentless Quest for Power," by Santa Cruz, Calif.-based author and documentarian Geoffrey Dunn, who has joked that he might need three or four volumes to adequately cover the subject matter suggested in the title.
He told POLITICO he decided to write the book after hearing stories from Alaskans about Palin's "childhood through her governorship that were troubling to me." He said his goal is to frame Palin's career in the contexts of both an Alaska political scene "plagued by a culture of corruption" and also in "the larger tradition of American political populism and demagoguery."
A couple of weeks later, a Simon & Schuster imprint is set to offer a tell-all memoir by Frank Bailey, a disgruntled former top aide to Palin, using her personal emails to paint an ugly portrait of her as a vindictive and vain dilettante obsessed with her public image, who allegedly broke election laws and targeted a state trooper by leaking damaging information. (See: Former Sarah Palin aide's tell-all coming to bookstores near you)
Then, in September, Crown will release "The Rogue: Searching for the Real Sarah Palin," by journalist and author Joe McGinniss, whose decision to rent the house next door in Wasilla last summer prompted Palin to warn him to "leave my kids alone." (See: Palin: McGinniss 'disturbing')


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Southwest Airlines announced today that it will make its first foray into the mega-sized Atlanta market in 2012, when it will begin offering 15 nonstop daily departures from Georgia to five cities, including Baltimore.
The BWI-ATL flights will begin in February with four daily nonstop flights with fares starting at $79 one-way.
AirTran, which is owned by Southwest, already offers flights between Baltimore and Atlanta and will continue to do so under its own brand, but there will be fewer of these.
AirTran will offer four flights to Atlanta, down from its current seven. Altogether, that's eight flights BWI-ATL. The other markets where Southwest will offer service to Atlanta include Chicago, Houston, Denver and Austin, the latter is the only route not currently served by AirTran.
It sounds small, but with such an important market, Southwest probably thinks it's best to go slow. The airline wouldn't want to spook its prey - Delta, the leading carrier in Atlanta - just yet. I'm not an airline analyst, but I have no doubt that Southwest means to eat somebody's lunch at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
"We're bringing especially great value to those of you who travel last-minute," said Southwest CEO Gary Kelly in announcing the details to Atlanta's Chamber of Commerce. "Here in Atlanta, our fully refundable, walk-up fares will be, on average, more than 30 percent lower than anything currently in these markets. And we are bringing the flexibility Southwest Customers already enjoy in other cities because we don't charge a $150 fee simply to change your plans."
A little poke.
Also today, Southwest announced some crossover perks for top-tier frequent fliers of both its brands. Elite members of AirTran's A+ Rewards and A-List members of Southwest's All New Rapid Rewards programs will receive reciprocal benefits when flying on either carrier beginning today.
For example, Southwest's A-List and A-List Preferred members who book an AirTran flight will receive free upgrades to Business Class and can skip the baggage fees.


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Cause of afternoon incident under investigation
By Katie Hansen
Daily News staff
The home a Hubert couple has shared for 14 years was destroyed Monday in an afternoon fire.
Mike and Tina Berry were at work when the fire started at around 1:15 p. m. at their Queens Haven Road home, at the corner of Kingsbridge Road and Queens Haven.
Onslow County Fire Marshal Brian Kelly said the home is a �total loss.�
The fire was under control by around 4:15, Kelly said, but crews were still on the scene and wrapping up after 5 p.m. Kelly was still investigating witnesses and collecting data, and no estimations for damages were available by deadline. The origin and the cause of the fire were still under investigation as of Monday evening, Kelly said.
Mike Berry said he came home around 4 p.m. to fire crews finishing putting out the fire. He said officials think it began somewhere on the porch.
Berry said he was thankful neither he nor his wife, who was also at work when the fire broke out, were injured. However, one of their two dogs died in the fire. Their other dog, Sadie, had been returned to them, clean, safe and sound by Animal Control after being rescued from the blaze.
"I couldn't believe (Sadie) survived," Berry said. "Thank goodness one of them made it."
Though he cannot go back inside because of the structural damage, he said he was able to pull some pictures of their children and grandchildren from the wreckage.
Red Cross officials said they were providing lodging, clothing and food for the Berrys. Berry said at first they were having trouble finding a place that would take small pets.
Firefighters from Bear Creek Volunteer Fire Department, Hubert VFD, Swansboro, Piney Green and White Oak VFDs all responded, with Western Carteret and Pumpkin Center VFDs there for stand-by.


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Israeli general, political leader, and archaeologist. His personal involvement with the manuscripts from the Judean Desert began in the autumn of 1947, when his father and teacher, Professor Eleazar L. Sukenik, purchased three of the scrolls discovered by members of the Ta῾amireh bedouin earlier that same year in Cave 1 at Qumran. [See biography of Sukenik.] Although Yadin's direct connection with the scrolls was interrupted by his service as chief of operations in the Haganah and chief of staff in the Israel Defense Forces, he subsequently became deeply involved in the decipherment, study, and acquisition of additional Judean Desert manuscripts.
After concluding his military career in February 1952, Yadin chose as the subject of his doctoral dissertation at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem a translation and extensive commentary on the War Scroll (1QM), which had been only partially published by his father. [See War of the Sons of Light against the Sons of Darkness.] In this study (published in Hebrew in 1955 and in English in 1962), Yadin was the first to document fully the striking similarity of the battlefield movements described in the scroll with the tactics of the Roman legions of the early imperial period—not those of the Hellenistic phalanx, as a number of scholars earlier had proposed. Moreover, as an experienced military tactician and student of military history, Yadin suggested that the War Scroll's use of Hebrew terms such as gillul kappayim ("enveloping arms"), kenafim ("wings"), migdalim ("towers"), and darrukh me῾at ("flat arc") was identical to the use of parallel Latin terms in widely distributed Roman military manuals.
After completing his study of the War Scroll, Yadin traveled to America in the summer of 1954 and became involved in secret negotiations for the purchase of the four Cave 1 scrolls (Isaiaha [1QIsaa], Pesher Habakkuk [1QpHab], Rule of the Community [1QS], and Genesis Apocryphon [1QapGen]) long sought by his father that were still in the possession of the Syrian Orthodox Archbishop, Athanasius Yeshue Samuel. [See Genesis Apocryphon; Isaiah, Book of; Pesher Habakkuk; Rule of the Community; and biography of Samuel.] With the assistance of Avraham Harman, then serving as Israeli consul general in New York, and with funds provided by New York industrialist D. Samuel Gottesman, Yadin acquired the manuscripts for the State of Israel. Together with the three scrolls purchased by Yadin's father (War Scroll, Hodayota [1QHa], and Isaiahb [1Q8]; hereafter 1QHodayota and 1QIsaiahb), these manuscripts became the nucleus of the collection of Jerusalem's Shrine of the Book. [See Hodayot; Shrine of the Book.] Yadin returned to Israel in the autumn of 1954 and collaborated with his father's longtime associate, Nahman Avigad, to publish the newly acquired and painstakingly opened Genesis Apocryphon and to complete the formal publication of 1QHodayota and 1QIsaiahb that had been left unfinished by Sukenik at the time of his death in 1953.
Although Yadin spent the years between 1955 and 1958 engaged in the excavation of Hazor, he maintained his interest in the Judean Desert manuscripts, publishing occasional review articles and comments on the recently discovered material from Cave 4. In 1960, however, he once again became deeply involved with the discovery and study of ancient texts. In response to reports of illegal digging in the caves of the Judean wilderness that lay within the borders of Israel, Yadin joined a large-scale expedition sponsored by the Israel Department of Antiquities, the Hebrew University, and the Israel Exploration Society, organized to search the region systematically for any remaining manuscripts or other archaeological finds. [See Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Israel Antiquities Authority; and Israel Exploration Society.] Yadin's sector included Naḥal Ḥever, where, in a large cave on the northern cliff face, he and his team uncovered a large collection of personal artifacts, human remains, and inscribed material (including military dispatches and legal documents left by refugees during the Bar Kokhba Revolt, c.132–135 ce). [See Ḥever, Naḥal.] Yadin's excavation of the Cave of the Letters and of the associated Roman camp provided a carefully documented archaeological context for the manuscript finds of the Bar Kokhba period that was largely lacking for the finds in the plundered caves of Wadi Murabba῾at. [See Bar Kokhba Revolt; Murabba῾at, Wadi.]
Yadin directed his most famous excavation at the mountain fortress of Masada between 1963 and 1965. [See Masada.] In addition to uncovering a complex of impressive Herodian palaces and administrative buildings from the late first century BCE, Yadin's team also distinguished clear evidence of the occupation of the fortress by Jewish rebels during the First Jewish Revolt against the Romans (66–70 ce). Written material uncovered on the summit included hundreds of Hebrew ostraca (pieces of inscribed pottery; apparently used for the distribution of provisions by the Herodian and Roman garrisons and, later, by the rebel occupants), scattered Greek and Latin graffiti, and almost fifty fragmentary texts and documents in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Latin. The Hebrew manuscripts included fragments of biblical books (Leviticus, Deuteronomy, and Psalms), noncanonical works (a work similar to Jubilees and Ben Sira), and sectarian literature including Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (Mas1k) that paralleled texts from Cave 4 at Qumran (4Q400–407). The manuscript finds from Masada also included rare Latin military and administrative texts connected with the garrison of the Tenth Legion Fretensis at the site.
Yadin's acquisition of one of the most important manuscripts from Qumran—Temple Scrolla (11Q19)—took place during the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. [See Temple Scroll.] Since the early 1960s Yadin had been conducting inconclusive negotiations through an American middleman for the purchase of this long and important text, reportedly discovered at Qumran by the Ta῾amireh bedouin in the mid-1950s. With the Israeli occupation of Bethlehem, Yadin, then serving as security advisor to Prime Minister Levi Eshkol, obtained the assistance of the Israel Defense Forces in locating and confiscating the Temple Scroll from a Bethlehem antiquities dealer, Khalil Iskander (Kando) Shahin. [See biography of Shahin.] Yadin's careful transcription of and exhaustive commentary on this document, published in Hebrew in 1977 and in English in 1983, marked the beginning of a new era in Qumran studies. Since the Temple Scroll contained complex codes of calendric, ritual, and purity law, Yadin masterfully demonstrated the importance of analyzing the Qumran sect's religious law or halakhah in light of later rabbinic literature.
Although Yadin died in 1984, leaving important manuscript material from the Judean Desert caves and Masada unpublished in final form, his work on the Judean Desert texts was carried on by students and colleagues under the auspices of the Israel Exploration Society, which began publishing final excavation reports and textual transcriptions of and commentaries on the Masada and Bar Kokhba-period texts in 1989.
[See Archaeology.]
- Avigad, Nahman, and Yigael Yadin. A Genesis Apocryphon: A Scroll from the Wilderness of Judea. Jerusalem, 1956.
- Documents from the Bar-Kokhba Period in the Cave of Letters. Jerusalem, 1989– .
- Masada 1–5: The Yigael Yadin Excavations, 1963–1965, Final Reports. Jerusalem, 1989– . Definitive, readable series of site reports that retains much of Yadin's original interpretation while reevaluating the discoveries. The series includes Yigael Yadin and Joseph Naveh, Masada 1: The Aramaic and Hebrew Ostraca and Jar Inscriptions (Jerusalem, 1989), published with The Coins of Masada by Ya῾acov Meshorer; Hannah M. Cotton and Joseph Geiger, Masada 2: The Latin and Greek Documents (Jerusalem, 1989); and Ehud Netzer, Masada 3: The Buildings, Stratigraphy, and Architecture (Jerusalem, 1991). Masada 4 (Jerusalem, 1994) includes Dan Barag and Malka Hershkovitz, Lamps; Avigail Sheffer and Herd Granger-Taylor, Textiles; Kathryn Bernick, Basketry, Cordage, and Related Artifacts; Nili Liphschitz, Wood Remains; and Andrew Holley, Ballista Balls; Masada 5 (Jerusalem, 1995) includes G. Foerster, Art and Architecture.
- Silberman, Neil Asher. A Prophet from Amongst You: The Life of Yigael Yadin. New York, 1993.
- Yadin, Yigael. The Message of the Scrolls. London, 1957.
- Yadin, Yigael. The Scroll of the War of the Sons of Light against the Sons of Darkness. Oxford, 1962.
- Yadin, Yigael. The Ben Sira Scroll from Masada. Jerusalem, 1965.
- Yadin, Yigael. Masada—Herod's Fortress and the Zealots' Last Stand. New York, 1966.
- Yadin, Yigael. Bar-Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome. New York, 1971.
- Yadin, Yigael. The Temple Scroll. 3 vols. Jerusalem, 1977, 1983.
- Yadin, Yigael, and Carol Newsom. "The Masada Fragment of the Qumran Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice." Israel Exploration Journal 34 (1984), 77–88.
Neil Asher Silberman


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Police Department
"You Drink & Drive, You Lose" Campaign
This holiday season, the Lincoln Police Department will join law enforcement agencies nationwide by participating in the "You Drink & Drive, You Lose" enforcement campaign. This special holiday enforcement will be conducted from Friday, December 4, 2009 through Saturday, January 2, 2010. The Nebraska Office of Highway Safety is providing funding for off-duty officers to remove drunk and drugged drivers from our roadways during a time of increased alcohol consumption. These additional officers will be added on Friday and Saturday evenings during peak activity hours, 9pm-3am. Patrol will be conducted throughout the city, targeting high volume traffic areas.
Last year, Lincoln police officers investigated 8,909 traffic accidents - 1,793 of those accidents included injuries and 6 were fatal. Officers also arrested a record breaking 2,215 drivers in 2008 for driving under the influence.


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School Security on the Fast Track in Sioux Falls
SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) - Security is being increased more quickly than planned at public schools in South Dakota's largest city in the wake of last month's mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Conn.
The Sioux Falls School Board voted Monday night to accelerate $6.7 million in school-access renovations. The Argus Leader newspaper reports (http://argusne.ws/W2yDlq) that many of the projects were on the district's to-do list but did not have scheduled completion dates.
By the start of the 2014 school year, visitors to any public school in Sioux Falls will have to be let inside by a staff member and will have to pass through the administrative offices.
Twenty students and six adults were killed in the Connecticut shooting on Dec. 14. It has prompted school officials nationwide to re-evaluate security.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
A video workshop for grade 7-12 teachers; 8 one-hour video programs, workshop guide, and Web site; graduate credit available
This series was discontinued on December 31, 2018.
Workshop 1. Introduction
This overview of the geographic perspective highlights the 18 National Geography Standards and associated skills that inform Teaching Geography. A case study looks at the borderland region of El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico; another follows NASA astronauts on a space shuttle mission. The geographic perspective is explored further in a classroom segment in which students investigate why Russia's Aral Sea is shrinking. Go to this unit.
Workshop 2. Latin America
In Guatemala, a historical geographer explores the reasons for the decline of the Maya and their present-day explosive growth. In Ecuador, physical geographers work toward reducing the potential hazards of living near an active volcano. Classroom segments feature students investigating the migration of Mexican populations and, after discerning patterns of volcano location, discussing the issues of living near volcanoes. Go to this unit.
Workshop 3. North America
Through studies of ethnic and economic diversity in Boston and suburban sprawl in Chicago, this session illustrates issues of urban development and expansion in North America. Classroom segments demonstrate how teachers can use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and census data to investigate similar issues in their own communities. Go to this unit.
Workshop 4. North Africa/Southwest Asia
This session explores problems of religious conflict and urban organization with a case study on Jerusalem as sacred space. It also looks at urban and agricultural use of scarce water resources by studying Egypt's Nile River. Classroom segments show students exploring the problems of refugee populations and engaging in a hands-on activity about the Nile River Delta. Go to this unit.
Workshop 5. Sub-Saharan Africa
This session features case studies on the impact of apartheid on present-day South Africa and on AIDS diffusion in Kenya. Classroom segments show educators using role-playing activities to teach students about land allocation in South Africa and the impact of the AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Go to this unit.
Workshop 6. Russia
A case study examines the history of St. Petersburg and its adaptation to a post-Soviet society. Students learn, through a constructivist teaching approach, about the geographic factors behind the location of St. Petersburg and other Russian cities. Cultural mosaics are the focus of a case study on the Russian republic of Dagestan and a classroom segment in which students role-play the negotiation of cultural boundaries in a fictional country. Go to this unit.
Workshop 7. Europe
Two case studies analyze developments toward a more unified Europe. First is an exploration of Berlin's role as the dynamic capital of a reunified Germany and as a centrally located city in an increasingly unified Europe. Students analyze issues of urban organization in Amsterdam. Supranationalism and the European Union are examined through a case study on Strasbourg and further explored in a classroom debate. Go to this unit.
Workshop 8. Global Forces/Local Impact
A case study focuses on globalization's impact on the booming Chinese economy and the population that drives it. Students analyze economic data to understand the disparity in the quality of life in Southeast Asia. The second case study examines the conflict between Native Americans and farmers over water usage in Oregon. Students perform field research to determine how human activities affect the quality and availability of water resources. Go to this unit.
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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Twins sign Perkins to extension through 2017
FORT MYERS, Fla. -- Twins closer Glen Perkins is staying put in his native Minnesota for the foreseeable future.
Perkins, who was already signed to an extension through the 2015 season, restructured his deal and signed a new extension through the 2017 season on Friday.
FORT MYERS, Fla. -- Twins closer Glen Perkins is staying put in his native Minnesota for the foreseeable future.
Perkins, who was already signed to an extension through the 2015 season, restructured his deal and signed a new extension through the 2017 season on Friday.
The left-hander will make $4.025 million this season, $4.65 million in '15, $6.3 million in '16 and $6.5 million in '17. The deal also includes a $6.5 million club option for the '18 season that includes a $700,000 buyout, guaranteeing Perkins $22.175 million through the '17 season.
Perkins, a Stillwater, Minn., native who also pitched at the University of Minnesota, said he was the one who approached the Twins about the extension because he wanted to stay with his hometown club.
"I think the priority was getting it done quickly, which we did," Perkins said. "I was the one who approached them because I want to be here. I made that clear. I believe in what we're doing here and I want to be a part of that. I'm thankful for them broaching the subject with me, and extending themselves on something they weren't required to do. So I'm appreciative of that and excited about it."
Thank you @Twins , Pohlad family for believing in me. Thank you Twins fans for being awesome and supportive. Good days ahead.- Glen Perkins (@glen_perkins) March 14, 2014
Perkins, 31, was an All-Star for the first time last year, when he posted a 2.30 ERA with 36 saves in 40 chances. The lefty also struck out 77 and walked 15 in 62 2/3 innings.
Twins assistant general manager Rob Antony said the deal happened quickly after meeting with Perkins' agent, John Courtwright, on Thursday. Antony added that Perkins wanting an extension came as somewhat as a surprise to the organization because Perkins had signed an extension before the '12 season.
"It kinda caught me off-guard a little bit because he had a few more years on his deal," Antony said. "But he was reasonable with what they came with and what they wanted to do. It made some sense for us. When he signed his initial deal it was as a setup guy with some protection if he became closer. This way, he gets treated like a closer. He gets security and we get a deal we're comfortable with."
Perkins, though, could only laugh when he was asked if he took a hometown discount to remain with the Twins.
"I'll take a $22 million discount any day of the week," Perkins said. "I want to be here and that's the most important thing. That's more money than I'll never need. It's not about that. It's about being here and being home."
Perkins took over as closer for the Twins during the '12 season, replacing Matt Capps in late June, and ended that season with a 2.56 ERA with 78 strikeouts in 70 1/3 innings to go along with 16 saves.
It came after he was moved to the bullpen full-time in '11, excelling with a 2.48 ERA with 65 strikeouts and 21 walks in 61 2/3 innings as a setup man.
But it wasn't always easy for Perkins, as he had a combined 5.87 ERA from '09-10, including a 5.81 ERA in 124 innings at Triple-A Rochester in '10. But Perkins has found his niche in the bullpen and made it clear that he doesn't want to pitch for any other club other than the Twins.
"I grew up in Minnesota and there's nowhere else I want to play," Perkins said. "So now hopefully this is something where I can play here my whole career."
Right-hander Mike Pelfrey was among those happy to see his teammate sign a new deal.
"He's pretty unbelievable," Pelfrey said. "It's a cool situation for him being a Minnesota guy to be able to stay home. Obviously, he's comfortable here. It's not one of those contracts where they're gonna regret it. I think the world of him, and it's a bargain no matter what he signs for. He's dominant and one of the better closers in the game."
Rhett Bollinger is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Bollinger Beat, and follow him on Twitter @RhettBollinger.


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Take Me Out to the Ballgame
8 comments
- Narci said...
So fun!! That floral tank at the end needs to be mine! Perfect!!
- May 20, 2015 at 3:29 AM
- Mix and Match Mama said...
I love this series :). It makes me happy for so many reasons!
- May 20, 2015 at 3:51 AM
- Sheaffer {Pinterest Told Me To} said...
I love that embroidered madewell tank!
- May 20, 2015 at 4:32 AM
- kimm atwood said...
Now I cannot get the will smith song out of my head. Love it girl
- May 20, 2015 at 6:19 AM
- Slightly Askew Designs said...
So I love that you quoted Will Smith in a fashion post :)
- May 20, 2015 at 6:24 AM
- Kirsten said...
Kauffman was renovated - so they were able to host the All Star Game a few years ago - but the fountains are still there. SUCH a cool feature of an amazing stadium. Go Royals!
- May 20, 2015 at 6:42 AM
- Kelsey Mann Peacock said...
All cute outfits! I think the red floral top is my favorite :)
- May 20, 2015 at 7:20 AM
- Sarah said...
I've been waiting for the post that highlighted the Royals! After all, we are World Series runners up! :) You'll be happy to know the fountains are still there! Intermixed among outfield seating. The stadium is even better now than it was before and still as beautiful as ever! Go Royals!
- May 20, 2015 at 7:42 AM


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Thanks Nay! I love it! Can't wait to make one... though it'll probably take me awhile... I'm not so great at sewing, but you made it look easy! :{
{oh... everyone go follow her blog... it's the bomb.com}
Cute project! And I'm really loving that lilac jersey.
That turned out Cute
This is awesome! love the style. I am featuring it at somedaycrafts.blogspot.com. Grab my "featured" button.
Lovely! I'm a Noemi's follower, and she always amazes me with her creativity. I have a black knit fabric... Hummm, I must do something with!
guess great minds think alike... yesterday did you see my deleted comment? i was going to say that house of hepworths featured you! my comment was like 'A! house of hepworths featured you! here's the link!' blah blah blah then saw your comment on house of hepworths and felt totally stupid haha. :{ now i can't stop smiling! you're at 89 followers and i'm at... 62! whoo! very, very, extremely close numbers (though i must admit i'm jealous of your extra 27 followers). and i linked you too, so now your post is the most viewed on my blog! i'm still smiling and biting my lip :D
Love it! So simple to make, yet so versatile to wear. Great job!
Love it! I linked to your tutorial on Craft Gossip Sewing:
(link will go live tomorrow morning)
You are so awesome! Love the tutorial, good luck with your blogging!
Naomi, you and your sis are so funny! Love the tute, I'll haveta try it sometime. xx
The tutorial was awesome! I d like to try making it soon one of these days


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Carver Hall is the icon of Bloomsburg University and is included in the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1869, it has evolved over the years: the dome was added in 1900 to give the building an Independence Hall look, and the clock in the tower came as a result of a fund-raising project by students and faculty in 1911. It houses the offices of the president and the provost and vice president for academic affairs, as well as the Kenneth S. Gross Auditorium on the second floor.
Kenneth S. Gross Auditorium
Housed on the second floor of Carver Hall is the lovely Kenneth S. Gross Auditorium. Renovated in 2014, this Victorian era intimate theatre seats 568. Used for lectures and small ensemble productions, Gross Auditorium is an ideal performance space and is the stage for Concerts @ Carver, the university's showcase series for Pennsylvania and international performing artists.
Technical Information
Lecture and Presentation System
Gross Auditorium is equipped with a state of the art integrated projection system.
Rehearsal space
Rehearsal space can be provided on the stage proper. Requests for rehearsal space must be made at least two full weeks in advance.
Dressing Rooms
Two interconnected backstage dressing spaces provide spacious, private preparation for performers. A private lavatory is located adjacent to the dressing area. Dressing rooms are equipped with lighted mirrors and make-up counters.
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