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A Fowl Plague
Since the latest avian flu outbreak began in late 2003, the virus has struck at least 250 people, killed more than 100 worldwide, terrified millions, and prompted governments to take rapid and decisive action. Agriculture and health officials-men and women in suits and white lab coats, not farmers-embarked upon drastic but seemingly necessary steps to stop the flu's spread, including culling tens of thousands of chickens and other birds in areas where outbreaks occurred, vaccinating chickens and other poultry (with often expensive medications), and recommending that people have less physical contact with their chickens.
The media, national governments, and development agencies have often blamed the spread of the disease on small rural and urban poultry farmers. Rural farmers especially depend on livestock to meet their daily needs for transportation, food, and fuel. And the cities of the developing world house an estimated 800 million farmers, many of them women, raising crops and animals for food, transportation, and income. It is those backyard and rooftop producers, some claim, with their unsanitary production and processing methods, that have encouraged the spread of avian flu-for example, by allowing chickens and other animals to roam freely in back yards and houses, and selling and killing live animals at wet markets, practices that are centuries old. A senior official of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said in 2005 regarding avian flu, "The backyard chicken is the big problem and the fight against bird flu must be waged in the back yard of the world's poor."
As a result, at least 15 nations have restricted or even banned freerange and backyard production of birds, endangering the livelihoods of countless small farmers and jeopardizing the availability of affordable food for consumers. In June 2006, for instance, the government of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, asked people to give up raising poultry; the ban may remain in place for months or even years. Vietnam has had one of the highest human death rates from avian flu, second only to Indonesia; more than 40 people have died over the last three years. In Cairo, Egypt, too, where women often raise chickens as a vital source of income, the government has outlawed all backyard poultry production, while in Laos and Indonesia, health and government officials are encouraging farmers to stop raising poultry.
But the blame for avian flu and other emerging animal diseases-bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Nipah virus, and others-cannot be placed on the backs of small farmers (or migratory birds, as some officials at the World Health Organization and FAO have suggested). Recent studies in Asia and Africa indicate that the real culprits may be factory farming and the globalized poultry trade and transport of livestock.
Disease Hatcheries?
People in developing countries now consume half of the world's meat, thanks to rising incomes and exploding urbanization. And cities in the developing world are not just consuming more animal products, they're also becoming centers of production. One of the main risk factors for the emergence and spread of new diseases is increasing demand for animal protein and the adoption of industrial production practices. A visitor to any factory farm will see chickens, pigs, and cattle crammed tightly together in cages, stalls, or feedlots and covered in manure. These animals also look very similar and for good reason: as demand for meat and other animal products grows, producers have abandoned local or native breeds in favor of livestock with very specific genetic traits, including the ability to gain weight quickly or produce more milk. This homogeneity, however, makes animals more vulnerable to disease and compels producers to use antimicrobial drugs, which in turn can lead to antibiotic resistance in animals and humans alike.
Rising demand has helped drive livestock production from rural mixed farming systems, where farmers raise a few different species of animals on grass, to intensive periurban and urban production of pigs and chickens that eat processed feed made from corn and soybeans. These confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), or factory farms, create the perfect environment for the rapid spread of disease between animals and, often, people. Thanks to unregulated zoning and subsidies that encourage livestock production, huge chicken and pig CAFOs are moving closer to major urban areas in China, Bangladesh, India, and many countries in Africa. This, says Michael Greger, a veterinarian with the Humane Society of the United States and author of Bird Flu: A Virus of Our Own Hatching, is "bringing together the worst of both worlds-the congested inner cities of the developing world combined with the congested environment on industrial farms." A 2005 report by the World Bank asserts that this "extraordinary proximate concentration of people and livestock poses probably one of the most serious environmental and public health challenges for the coming decades."
Just a few months ago, for example, avian flu reemerged in Thailand. This latest outbreak was called a "national threat" and the government declared one-third of the country a disaster zone. Even Bangkok was not immune because, as in so many cities around the world, people there raise chickens in their back yards and even in their apartments. The Thais thought they had gained control of the disease by massive culling and vaccination efforts in 2004 and 2005. But the unreported story behind this outbreak is that there are huge factory farms across Thailand. They are owned by CP Group, one of the biggest poultry producing companies in the world, with facilities in Thailand, China, and other Asian countries. According to a 2006 report by the Barcelona-based agriculture NGO GRAIN, CP is present in nearly every country where bird flu has broken out. In Thailand, where it is headquartered, it contracts with approximately 10,000 growers; in China it is the biggest supplier of poultry chicks and runs a hatchery in bird flu-infested Lanzhou province. CP also owns half of the industrial poultry operations in Vietnam; in 2004, 117,000 birds infected with the flu were killed at a CP farm in Ha Tay province. GRAIN points out that while CP is not solely responsible for the current bird flu crisis, it's hard to ignore the growing role industrial agriculture plays in spreading disease. Like other factory farms, the CP farms concentrate thousands and thousands of birds in sheds, making it easy for diseases to erupt and then spread quickly. The movement and trade of poultry across Thailand also likely helped the disease spread from big farms to small backyard producers.
In India, the production of poultry and eggs in urban areas has expanded tremendously over the last 30 years thanks to the "Tysonization" of the chicken industry. Tyson Foods touts itself as the biggest producer of protein on the planet, and its success is due to John Tyson's idea in the 1930s to control every aspect of the chicken business from start to finish. By buying up feed plants, starting hatcheries, contracting with producers, and building processing plants, Tyson created a system of vertical integration in which the company owns each of its millions of chickens from before they hatch to the day they're slaughtered. Now the same thing is happening in India and other developing countries.
The rapid commercialization of the poultry industry over the last 40 years has allowed India to become the world's fifth largest producer of eggs as well as a leading producer of broilers, or meat chickens. And 70 percent of the nation's eggs and poultry meat are consumed in urban areas. As production has shifted from back yards to factory farms, there has been a growing tendency to place these facilities near cities, because in countries (like India) with poor infrastructure, such as roads and refrigeration, it seems to make perfect economic sense to large agribusiness companies to have food production as close to cities-and consumers-as possible. And while locating hatcheries, factory farms, and slaughterhouses near cities makes it easier to transport animals and for eggs and meat to reach consumers, the close concentration of birds next to densely populated cities can help create and spread disease. The first case of avian flu in India was discovered in a factory farm near the small town of Navapur, a fairly isolated community near the Gujarat border. Indian officials initially tried to blamed the outbreak on wild birds and small poultry farms, but it's likely, according to the GRAIN report, that the infected chickens came from Venkateshwara Hatcheries. Venkateshwara is India's biggest supplier of poultry and poultry products and ships all over India, including to Navapur. The company denies its involvement.
Despite the continued insistence that freerange birds and chickens are responsible for avian flu, there have been no recorded deaths from avian flu from backyard farms in India. Nevertheless, according to Dr. Sagari Ramdas of the India-based veterinary group ANTHRA, as part of the international and national avian flu control strategies in India, huge numbers of unaffected backyard poultry were slaughtered in areas that fell into quarantine zones. Avian flu has existed among backyard flocks for centuries, but it doesn't evolve to the highly pathogenic form, such as the H5N1 virus that is spreading now, on backyard farms. Backyard poultry are more genetically diverse and there are far fewer birds than found in factory farms, making them more resistant to disease. However, even genetically diverse native chickens can't remain immune to the virus for long; it circulates from factory farms to backyard flocks and then back to factory farms, becoming more virulent. Although having birds concentrated together in large factory farms may make it easier to monitor chickens and eradicate infected flocks, freerange birds are less likely to encourage an outbreak in the first place.
In Laos, according to GRAIN, 42 of the 45 outbreaks of avian flu during the spring of 2004 occurred in factory farms. Thirty-eight of those outbreaks were in the capital, Vientiane. The few small farms where outbreaks occurred were located close to commercial operations. In Nigeria, the first cases of avian flu were found in one of the nation's industrial broiler operations. The virus spread from that 40,000-bird farm to 30 other factory farms in the country-and then quickly to neighboring backyard flocks, forcing already poor farmers to kill their chickens.
Worse Cures
While H5N1 may have been a product of the world's factory farms, it's small producers who have the most to lose from many of the policies implemented to control the virus. For the poor in developing countries, freerange poultry-which typically eat bugs and kitchen scraps in addition to small amounts of grain-are a cheap source of protein as well as income, especially for women and children. Because small producers forced to cull their birds are rarely compensated for the full market value of the dead chickens, they sometimes hide chickens from authorities, leading to the further spread of the disease. This practice has been seen in Cairo, where a law banning outdoor production of chickens has not provided adequate compensation to people for getting rid of their flocks or any incentive for people to report sick chickens to authorities. As a result, people have resorted to hiding their poultry in their homes and even under their beds. According to Dr. Linda Logan, an official with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, all of the people infected in Egypt have been women who have been hiding birds in their homes.
But even paying farmers for their chickens may not be an ideal solution. In Indonesia, for example, where the government is having a hard time controlling the flu and where more than 55 people have died since 2005, nearly every household keeps poultry. Giving these people money for their dead chickens won't compensate them for the other things the chickens provide. "It is difficult to put a value on things that people value differently," says Dr. Mohammed Husenni Omar of Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine. "Some people think in economic ways and some people think in social. We know the virus is always going to be there, it is not going to run away. But we are depriving people of proteins, giving them money which they might spend otherwise. So it is a very complicated issue."
In rural areas, regulations to control the spread of avian flu may also have the unintended effect of pushing rural farmers off their land and into cities. In just the last 50 years, some 800 million people have moved from the countryside to the cities in search of higher incomes and better lives. But a 2006 FAO study says that investing more in rural agriculture, including training of community veterinarians to help spot diseases, can help ease rural-to-urban migration, decrease poverty, and curb crime, pollution, and other problems in cities. "Properly managed, agriculture can not only produce food but also have a positive impact in such areas as poverty alleviation, food security, population distribution, and the environment," according to the Japanese-funded Roles of Agriculture program, which was launched in 2000 and targeted 11 countries.
Uneasy Neighbors
Siting CAFOs near cities leads to a daunting variety of problems. Besides H5N1, the spread of a whole range of other emerging animal diseases and food-borne pathogens, including Nipah virus, Streptococcus suis (swine fever), BSE, and E. coli, has been linked to factory farming near urban areas. Moreover, large neighboring concentrations of animals and people can also provide perfect opportunities for agroterrorism. In this era of terror alerts, farms that forsake genetic diversity have shed their battle armor. Despite their mammoth technological capabilities, huge factory farms crammed with chickens or pigs are much more vulnerable than smaller, more diverse farms to the unintended or malicious introduction of disease. "The loss of livestock genetic resources makes it harder for livestock to survive a disaster, whether it be natural, man-made, or terror-caused," says Chuck Bassett of the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. "One properly placed vector can wipe out 90 percent of an indoor flock-no problem. In a flock with more broad genetic spread, that is harder to do." Peter Chalk, an agroterrorism expert at the RAND Corporation, says that terrorists "choose the path of least resistance. Attacking agriculture is far more simple than using bombs because of inherent vulnerabilities within the system." And as more factory farms are built closer to urban areas, terrorists may see them as easier and easier targets.
Another vulnerability of industrial agriculture is the rapid and extensive movement of animals and agriculture products from both rural and urban farms to processing plants and then to consumers. Transporting animals and agricultural products long distances increases the number of entry points for terrorists to introduce toxic agents. "These openings for contaminants," says Chalk, "combined with the lack of security and surveillance at many processing and packing plants, have helped to substantially augment the technical ease of orchestrating a food-borne attack." More than 44 million cattle, pigs, and sheep are traded across the world each year, and millions more are transported over long distances by road and rail within countries. In the United States, more than 50 million animals are transported between states each year. And it's not just animals: millions of tons of meat, eggs, and milk are also shipped long distances. (A kilo of meat typically travels 1,600 kilometers before it is consumed.) A June 2005 report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences notes that just a few grams of botulism, poured by bioterrorists into a dairy tanker truck, could cause hundreds of thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in economic losses in the United States alone. Because the milk from multiple farms is consolidated in tankers, the toxin could be widely distributed and consumed within days by more than 500,000 people.
Tough S***
Other aspects of urban livestock production also present public health challenges. In many parts of the world, including the east coast of China, in Thailand around Bangkok, and in Brazil in the state of São Paulo, there is, according to a report by the World Bank, an "excessive concentration" of factory farms, along with an excessive concentration of animal manure. Some provinces on China's east coast, close to both consumers and good port facilities, have a livestock density of over 500 livestock units per square kilometer, which is five times as many animals as the surrounding land can handle. Globally, only about half of all livestock waste is effectively fed into the crop cycle. Much of the remainder ends up polluting air, water, and the soil itself. Nitrate from manure can seep into groundwater, for example, and high nitrate levels in wells near feedlots in the United States have been linked to a greater risk of miscarriage. Moreover, the grain-heavy diet of animals in factory farms encourages the growth in their digestive systems of pathogenic E. coli, which during slaughter can contaminate meat. If manure from factory farmed animals is used as fertilizer, the pathogen can contaminate vegetables. This mechanism is a leading possible cause of the recent deadly spinach episode in the United States.
Even raising smaller herds of freerange livestock in cities can present waste management problems. In the city of Kisumu in western Kenya, keeping livestock in the city is officially illegal. Despite this very long-standing ban, however, many urban Kenyans, as well as the inhabitants of other cities, rely on livestock for both income and food. But the problem in Kisumu is that there is little land available to absorb animal manure. Cattle can produce very large amounts of dung-from 6 to 11 kilograms each per day. According to a recent study by Lagrotech Consultants, three-fourths of the dung produced in the city is not utilized as fertilizer for growing crops nor as a source of fuel. And because there is no regular waste removal system in the city, the manure piles up, contaminating soil and water and presenting a significant health hazard.
One way to prevent these problems is simply to discourage large producers from keeping animals in or near cities. A recent FAO report suggests that a combination of zoning and land use regulations, taxes, incentives, and infrastructure development can encourage producers to raise animals closer to croplands, where manure can be used as fertilizer and where there is less risk of disease transmission to people. According to FAO, controlling land and livestock nutrient imbalances means raising livestock in areas that have enough land to handle the waste from large operations. Thailand, for example, has levied high taxes on poultry production within a 100-kilometer radius of Bangkok, while exempting farmers outside that zone. As a result, over the last decade poultry production near Bangkok has dropped significantly.
But more fundamental changes have to occur within the meat industry. Factory farms are allowed to get away with a variety of economic and ecological crimes, but they are only "efficient" because they don't have to pay the true cost of their inputs-for example, subsidized cheap corn and soybeans to fatten cattle-or their outputs, including the spread of disease and pollution. So bigger definitely does not mean better. Recent studies by the International Food Policy Research Institute, in fact, suggest that small livestock farms may be more efficient than large production operations at generating profits per unit of output.
Carefully designed policies to support urban livestock farming can serve cities' need for nutrition and economic opportunity without threatening them with disease. In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, strict regulations concerning noise, dirt, and manure cleanup have framed an effort to encourage urban agriculture. Between 1985 and 2005, the number of animals kept in the city quadrupled and the amount of land under cultivation doubled, hundreds of jobs were created, and the availability of locally grown food increased dramatically. Housewives who keep cows or raise vegetables in their back yards report making two to three times more per year than their husbands by growing and selling food.
Blaming the poorest victims of the avian flu outbreak-urban and rural farmers in the developing world-will not stop pandemics, nor will outlawing urban livestock production. Despite bans on raising chickens and other livestock in cities, farmers will continue to raise animals because they must to survive. FAO, the World Health Organization, and other international agencies should focus their avian flu prevention efforts on the big poultry producers. Unfortunately, these agencies are using the avian flu crisis-and people's fear-to further industrialize the poultry industry and push small farmers out of business. Ironically, these measures will also decrease diversity and concentrate birds, increasing the vulnerability of both chickens and humans to the disease. "What people really need," says Devlin Kuyek of GRAIN, "is adequate and enforced protection from the transnational poultry industry." The industrial food system, which ignores or punishes small farmers, not only threatens their livelihoods but puts us all at risk for a potential pandemic. Reversing this trend will mean standing up for those farmers and demanding food production that is safe for animals and humans alike.
Danielle Nierenberg is a research associate at Worldwatch, specializing in food and agriculture


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Radius Turns 20 Metropolitan Cities Into Cities Of Light. Metal Landmark Skyline Candle Holders.
Technically Paris is called the City of Lights, but with Radius' City Lights wall mounted (or mantel) tea light holders, twenty different Metropolitan cities become backlit, creating a worldwide urban ambiance in your home or office.
Following the success of their city coat racks, Cologne-based Radius Design and Michael Rösing have accurately laser-etched arrangements of landmarks and architecture from various cities such as Paris, Sydney, London, Vienna, Milan and New York.
Radius City Coat Racks, which inspired the City Lights candleholders, are available in 50 different cities:
Below are 8 examples of the Radius City Lights Tea Light Holders from their selection of 20. They make great housewarming gifts or gifts for those who miss their home cities.
New York:
The powder coated steel candleholders measure 31.5" x 2.16" x 7" and have holes for wall mounting.
Price: EUR 79,00 ($106. 55 USD)
design: michael rösing & team
measurements: 80 x 5.5 x ca. 18 cm max. (31.5" x 2.16" x 7")
material: powder-coated steel
20 different cities available, shop for them here.
2 comments:
- verena said...
Love this! I wish Chicago were an option. Hopefully they will expand to more cities.
- Sunday, February 10, 2013
- Randall P. Barber said...
Love these metallic Landmarks! I also wish to add Hawaii in this list. I hope they will do.
- Monday, February 11, 2013
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subset: commoncrawl


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Abilene High Band Boosters Partner With Ford to Raise Money
I drove by Abilene High School Saturday afternoon and saw what looked like a couple hundred people standing around a dozen new cars in the main parking lot while the bands percussion section was playing Caribbean music. I stopped and asked, I learned that Ford Motor Company, Arrow Ford and the bands booster club had teamed up together to raise money through Fords 'Drive One 4UR School' event.
Brook Higginbotham Bailey with Arrow Ford said that for every licensed driver that took a test-drive in one of the new Ford cars, Ford Motors and Arrow Ford would donate $20 (a maximum 300 test-drives are permitted). I also learned that there were over a dozen cars, trucks and SUVs that were out being driven. All that was required to take the test-drive was your drivers license, email address and a phone number.
This event helped the band booster parents raise $6,000 for the Abilene High School band program. As for the Caribbean sounding percussion section, they were there to entertain the masses, thank God it was not any hotter that it was because, from what I learned, the event ran from 10am till 4pm.
Do you think this is a good idea to raise money? Would you go test drive one to help the high school band raise money?


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About Zenstrive
You sound smart, but many of your opinions are speculation based.
Many come out with curved smartphone design with touchscreen before Apple. That's a fact.
Apple rips off costumer blinded by their limited-capability blinks. That's a fact. A hate-worthy fact.
Genetic Memory.
Like in Dune?
Now that's ripe for the vultures of wall street to come and cancel capitalism democracy
Somebody at MPAA and RIAA really are scared of Kim Dotcom
Good for them. But I use Steam and GOG.
The only war that hinders technological advancements is patent war. I guess. World War I and II promote advancements. Cold War promote advancements. Well, mostly on how we kill each others, but still...
A lot!
Apple's money at work here. The logics seems consistent with apple shilling practices: apple is good, competitor is bad, because apple is lux and competitor is trash...
gatekeepers of music industry most rot.
buy only on sales...
256 MB of RAM. I wonder if I can run word processors to write 1000 page novels in it...and oh, I need to have small monitor...
Lots of people married under 10 back then. Heck, even when in 18th and 19th centuries, Kings and Queens married under 10.
This reminds me of the trend start up by Apple. Really. Closed system, apps bought only from appstores, musics that work only on Apple devices, etc etc.
We need something like bittorrent for social network...
Abuse of power? What, was Chris Dodd being raped by millions of unanimously agreed citizens of his country?
because the CH are bunch of talking heads manure and Megauploap is a smart business?
And the government would point them to the major labels...
"They are legal and will take care of you just fine. Just ask Bieber and Gaga!"
Yeah, dudes, show me the money!


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The first Baby Bottle fund-raiser showed overwhelming support toward Haven of Hope Pregnancy Services.
Area church congregations took home more than 400 baby bottles on Mothers Day and returned them on Fathers Day filled with checks, cash and coins totaling just over $5,000.
The money will be used to purchase educational materials and will assist in opening the pregnancy center later this fall.
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Lifetime to Premiere New Docu-Series PREACHERS' DAUGHTERS, 3/12
Teaching kids right from wrong may take a village... except when it takes a congregation! Lifetime will premiere its provocative new family docuseries PREACHERS' DAUGHTERS, following the lives of three families for a behind-the-altar look at what happens at home after the sermon concludes, on Tuesday, March 12, at 10pm ET/PT.Produced by Thinkfactory Media (multiple Golden Globe(R) Award and Emmy(R)-nominated miniseries Hatfields & McCoys and family docusoap Gene Simmons Family Jewels), Preachers' Daughters reveals a hard-hitting but often humorous look at the lives of these pastors' daughters as they balance The Temptations every teenager faces with their parents' strict expectations and code of conduct as influenced by their faith. What happens will change these families forever, and surprise viewers with this unvarnished peek into their lives and the universal issues all households with teenagers face daily.The families of Preachers' Daughters are:The Colemans of Joliet, IllinoisEighteen-year-old Taylor is set on pushing boundaries established by her strict father, Ken, a pastor of City of Refuge Pentecostal Church, who,following the mistakes he made with his older children, wants nothing more than to keep Taylor as his little angel. Taylor craves freedom from all of the rules in the house and occasionally rebels by sneaking out, kissing boys and giving into temptation, all the while trying to maintain her relationship with her Lord. While her mother Marie tries to keep the peace between Taylor and Ken, she fears his stern rules will push Taylor to act out even more, especially when she gets to college. Conflicted and frustrated with her father's demands, Taylor confides in her half-sister Kendra, who Ken kicked out of the house when she was pregnant at 20. The Koloffs of Kannapolis, North Carolina, and Nashville, TennesseeKolby is a fun-loving, curious 16-year-old ready to start dating, but quickly discovers it won't be as easy as she thinks since she has not one, but two preacher parents. Her father, Nikita, a former professional wrestler-turned traveling evangelist who often gives sermons to thousands of parishioners at a time, has his own struggles with Kolby's adolescence. Meanwhile, her mother and Nikita's ex-wife, Victoria, a Christian preacher who hosts a faith-based radio show and is the director of two pregnancy centers, carries a no-nonsense approach to talking to teens, including Kolby and her friends, about sex. With three older sisters - Teryn (30), Tawni (28) and Kendra (20) - Kolby leans on them for support and guidance on her life, particularly when Nikita and Victoria become too overbearing and embarrassing.The Perrys of Oceano, CaliforniaOlivia is an 18-year-old teen mom who, after partying hard, using drugs and drinking in high school, dramatically changed her life after the birth of her daughter. While trying to balance life as a young single mom, Olivia relies heavily on both her family and her faith, especially when she questions the paternity of her baby. Her father Mark, pastor of Everyday Church, and wife Cheryl, lead a hands-on approach to parenting, but often rely on prayer, rather than discipline, for their daughters. Olivia's sister Emily (20) lives in Los Angeles, where she works as a model and faces temptation as part of her lifestyle and career, while oldest sister Audrey (23) never went through a rebellious phase like her sisters are facing. Preachers' Daughters is produced by Thinkfactory Media and executive produced by Adam Reed, Adam Freeman, Emily Sinclair and Leslie Greif, with Lifetime's Rob Sharenow, Gena McCarthy and Kimberly Chessler. Lifetime has ordered nine episodes of the series.Global sales for Preachers' Daughters will be handled by A+E Networks.ABOUT LIFETIMELifetime is committed to offering the highest quality entertainment and information programming, and advocating a wide range of issues affecting women and their families. In 2012, as a result of its aggressive triple threat programming strategy doubling its amount of original programming spanning scripted dramas, reality series and movies, Lifetime posted its strongest year-on-year growth among the key demographics in 10+ years, while also reaching its youngest median age in 16 years. Lifetime Television(R), LMN(R), Lifetime Real Women(R) and Lifetime Digital(TM) are part of Lifetime Entertainment Services, LLC, a subsidiary of A+E Networks. A+E Networks is a joint venture of the Disney-ABC Television Group and Hearst Corporation.


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Transitional kindergarten—the first year of a two-year kindergarten program for California children born between September 2 and December 2—is intended to better prepare young five-year-olds for kindergarten and ensure a strong start to their educational career. The goal of this study was to measure the success of the program by determining the impact of transitional kindergarten on students' readiness for kindergarten in several areas. This brief outlines the results of the study, Impact of California's Transitional Kindergarten Program, 2013-14, and suggests next steps for further research.
Our Work
Find specific work or narrow your results by type, topic, program, project, or service by selecting your criteria from the choices at right.
11 Mar 2015
With the 2012-2013 school year, California established a new grade level—Transitional Kindergarten (TK), the first year of a two-year kindergarten experience for students who turn five between September 2 and December 2. When TK began, there were many questions from parents and other stakeholders. This is the third in a series of briefs investigating TK implementation in Year 1, and focuses on district outreach efforts, parent perceptions of TK, and TK student demographics.


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We've had a lot of conferences recently, and two of them yielded videos! We're hosting them on YouTube nowadays, so they tend to come in 10-minute chapters, hopefully that won't interfere with the message too much.
First was BarCamp Antwerp, with Mathias Baert presenting in Flemish/Dutch an introduction to the Mine and Pymine:
Second was Alec Muffett at DJUGL London – this time in English, with a review of the project, goals, and pymine development up to February 2010:
We'll add more videos and content when they arise!


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Welcome! Hospitality Properties Trust is managed by The RMR Group LLC (RMR®). To view available positions at RMR, please refer to the RMR Careers page. Thank you for considering RMR!
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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Book Buddies read together and write down responses. They join another pair and use their diverse responses as springboards for conversation.
These activities are designed to help pupils focus and develop their thinking about the literature which enriches the discussions.
Focus on the ideas and questions of the class as they discuss the literature. Multiple interpretations are encouraged.
The goal of this lesson is to help students recognize that reading books can help them understand their own lives
Choose books and read in class. Review how to act during a discussion and meet in literature circles to discuss the books.
Choose from several texts offered. Record individual reactions and share them during discussion groups.
Use Post-It™ Notes to record reactions while reading and share these notes during discussion.
Read a shared book while writing notes for use in subsequent discussion. Read an independently chosen book each night.
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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Looking for some wedding cake inspiration? You've come to the right place. We reached out to the best cake designers in the country (as well as a few on other continents!) and asked them to share their favorite, most memorable wedding creations. From there, we combed through the submissions to create this collection of 50 incredible, one-of-a-kind confections that will impress your guests, get tons of "likes" on Instagram, and taste as delicious as they look.
We found a cake design to suit every wedding aesthetic, from classic and traditional all-white cakes (but with a modern twist!) to couture confections for couples who want to make a serious statement at their reception. And, of course, there's everything in between, from stunning takes on wedding-cake trends like watercolor, metallic, and ombré to just flat-out gorgeous desserts embellished with the most perfect sugar flowers that will have you completely fooled into thinking they're real.
Click through to check out all 50 cakes; add your favorites to your wedding-planning Pinterest board and bring the photos to your cake designer to see if he or she can create a cake that's similar yet uniquely yours.


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|Trevor Ikwild had 12 total tackles and an
interception in Hampden-Sydney's win against archrival
Hampden-Sydney athletics photo
A special statistical spotlight for rivalry week, where we look at some of the key statistical performances from the weekend in Division III football, highlighting one from a storied rivalry game in each region.
Playoff toolbox
Download 2010 bracket
Jacob Caron and Robert Maki grew up together, came in to Pomona-Pitzer together and left it all out on the field on Saturday, albeit on the wrong end of a 31-30 overtime loss to on-campus rival Claremont-Mudd-Scripps. Maki caught 13 of Caron's completed passes for 131 yards and a touchdown, while Caron was 30-for-52 passing for 257 yards. The game ended with the ball in Caron's hands as he was stopped short of the goal on a two-point conversion in the extra session. Caron threw for 8,408 career yards as a four-year starter in the nine-game SCIAC, while Maki caught 256 career passes for 3,070 yards and 19 TDs.
Justin Autera made sure his team lived to play another home game and got a jug for this team in the process. The Cortland State sophomore ran for 232 yards, the most in the history of the Cortaca Jug game, averaging 6.3 yards per carry and scoring two touchdowns in the Red Dragons' 20-17 win.
Wabash's defense didn't block any punts on Saturday in the Monon Bell game. But then again, it didn't need to. Punter Adam Hill let one snap squirt through his fingers and saw another sail over his head, each leading to quick Wabash touchdowns in the 47-0 blowout. Wabash pulled out to a 55-53-9 lead in the all-time series.
In The Game, Hampden-Sydney took a defensive stance against Randolph-Macon, holding the Yellow Jackets to 110 yards rushing and 2.6 yards per carry, about half of their pregame averages. And while the Tigers' defense was forcing back-to-back three-and-outs followed by a five-play, 7-yard drive, the Tiger offense ended the first half with three consecutive touchdowns and scored on its first two drives of the second half as well to take a 31-21 lead in a game it went on to win 31-28.


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Updating Products and Services for Your Reseller Storefront
After you use the Quick Setup Wizard, your Reseller storefront includes all products by default. In the Reseller Control Center, you can update which products and services you want to offer.
Some products require that you offer the entire suite. For example, if you want to offer email plans, you must offer the entire Email & Productivity suite, which also includes Hosted Exchange, Calendar, Fax Thru Email, Online Storage, and SMTP Relay.
When you select a product offering or suite, the Reseller Control Center saves your selection and displays it on your storefront within an hour.
To Update Products and Services for Your Reseller Storefront
- Log in to your Reseller Control Center.
- Go to the Products & Pricing tab.
- To automatically offer new products when they become available, select Automatically add new products at the default retail price. Otherwise, deselect this option.
Note: Some product offerings are dependent on others. If a new product is dependent upon a complementary product that you don't offer, we cannot automatically add it to your storefront.
- To update any of these product suites, click it, and then do the following:
- Hosting — Select the individual hosting products and services you want to offer: Web Hosting, VPS or Dedicated Hosting.
Note: To offer hosting products and services, you must also offer the Email & Productivity suite.
- SSL & Security — Select the individual SSL and security products you want to offer: SSL Certificates, Code Signing Certificates, and/or Website Protection.
- Email & Productivity — Select Yes, add the Email & Productivity suite of products to my storefront to offer Email Plans, Hosted Exchange, Calendar, Fax Thru Email, Online Storage, and SMTP Relay.
- Site Builders — Select the individual website-building products and services you want to offer: Quick Shopping Cart®, Website Design, and/or Website Builder 6.0.
- Marketing Tools — Select Yes, add the Marketing Solutions suite of products to my storefront to offer Email Marketing and Search Engine Visibility V1.
- Admin — If your storefront offers hosting, it also offers prepaid add-ons and administrative services (bandwidth, disk space, and a hosting restore fee) by default. You can also select the option to offer Merchant Accounts. For more information, see .
- Hosting — Select the individual hosting products and services you want to offer: Web Hosting, VPS or Dedicated Hosting.
For information about updating product pricing, see Updating Product Pricing for Your Reseller Storefront.
For information about updating the domain names you offer, see Updating Domain Name Offerings for Your Reseller Storefront.


text: Saturday Skiing CWC?Tours Goose Creek Wetlands Posted on January 27, 2013 - 04:00 PM by Richard Benedetto NORTH HARMONY - A blanket of freshly fallen snow was welcomed by those who participated in the Chautauqua Watershed Conservancy's cross-country skiing and snow-shoeing tour. On Saturday, members and patrons of the CWC gathered at the Loomis Goose Creek wetland preserve to tour the land. The property was purchased two years ago by the CWC through funding made available by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Natural Resources Defense Council, the New York State Development of Environmental Conservation and several Goose Creek residents. It consists of 30 acres, 25 of which are wetlands, including 450 feet of lakeshore and 3,000 feet of the wild west bank of Goose Creek. According to John Jablonski, executive director of the CWC, Goose Creek is the largest creek in the Chautauqua Lake Watershed. Article Photos Members and patrons of the Chautauqua Watershed Conservancy pose with their gear before embarking on a cross country skiing and show-shoeing tour of its Loomis Goose Creek wetland preserve. P-J photo by Gavin Paterniti The moving creek waters help keep the area more ice-free, and are available for waterfowl to use over extended periods when the rest of the lake is iced over. The property is the third-largest wetland on Chautauqua Lake and is also one of the most important habitats remaining on the lake. It provides habitats for various species of fish and wildlife, including: kingfishers, heron, mallards, wood ducks, Canada geese, waterfowl, beavers, mink, turtles and amphibians. The land is part of the Chautauqua Watersheds Tributary Preserve System. It is located near 2500 Route 394 and Fardink Road in North Harmony, and is designated by a sign and a small parking lot for visitors. "This parcel is on the mouth of Goose Creek, which is the largest creek in the Chautauqua Lake Watershed," said Jablonski. "Therefore, it carries the most pollutants, sediments and tree limbs and things like that. By maintaining this as floodplain, hopefully the creek can flood into this area and allow some of those materials to filter out before it flows into the lake." The land was previously owned and used as farmland by the Loomis family, which had owned the property for nearly a century. According to Jablonski, most of the property is under a federal reserve program known as conservation easement - an agreement in which a governmental unit or organization may exercise rights otherwise held by the landowner so as to achieve certain conservation purposes. Just prior to the CWC purchase of the land, the Loomis family heirs put a permanent easement on the property, which paid them most of the property value and allowed the CWC to buy out the rest at a reasonable price. "As a bonus of (the conservation easement), the federal government took this area that had been crop land before and provided a grant, through an agreement with the previous owner, to install ponds here," said Jablonski. "Basically, it's one long, interconnected, three-lobed shallow pond that is 18 inches to 4 feet deep." He added: "So this was (originally) wetlands, was then used for agriculture (over the course of) decades, and the federal government's program to restore wetlands enabled the landowner to get funding to preserve it and restore wetland habitats here." According to Jablonski, wetland soil has been spread over the ponds, which will create a seedbed that should regrow. He also said that the CWC intends to construct a wildlife observation blind, allowing visitors to look diagonally over the length of the property and see what comes in and out of the ponds. Additionally, the CWC plans to plant shrubbery to screen the ponds from the parking lot and street, making the area appear more natural to wildlife. "This is probably our third or fourth tour that we've had here," he said. "We've had two winter tours over the last two winters and have had a good turnout each time. We're trying to bring out our members and the public to introduce them to as many properties as possible. Hopefully, they'll come back on their own and enjoy it whenever they get a chance." The CWC was founded in 1990 and contains nearly 1,200 members. It has conserved approximately 800 acres of land at locations throughout the county in addition to the Chautauqua Lake Watershed. They include parts of the Lake Erie Watershed, parts of Cassadaga Creek and the land from the middle to lower sections of Cassadaga Lake. Comments There are no comments for this post. Be the first to comment! Leave a comment Comment Already have an account? Yes No Email Password Forgot your password? First Name Last Name Phone Email Password Login and Add Comment


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Spot On Conveyancing provides property buyers and sellers with a specialised, professional service in conveyancing Brisbane City at a competitive price. When you use our services, you can be confident in the knowledge that your file is handled from start to finish by an expert conveyancing solicitor with experience in property conveyancing Brisbane City. All of our property conveyancing solicitors are passionate about conveyancing and have had many years of experience in providing services pertaining to conveyancing Brisbane City to ensure that you are given the right advice in a timely manner.
We are a fixed price conveyancing service, meaning you can relax knowing that you won't encounter any unexpected conveyancing fees. A fixed price conveyancing structure ensures that you know exactly what the cost will be from the outset, allowing you to calculate your buying or selling costs with no nasty surprises. Our conveyancing lawyers ensure that you receive expert services at an affordable all-inclusive price.
We understand that the purchase or sale of a property is an important event, and that it is important for you to be able to receive service and advice when you need it. That's why our Spot On Conveyancing solicitors servicing Brisbane are available for you to contact 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Often in property matters it is important to move quickly to secure a sale or purchase, and we believe that you should be able to speak to your conveyancing lawyer at any time of the day or night.
Spot On Conveyancing can provide service to you when and where you need it. We understand the conveyancing needs of sellers and buyers in Brisbane and aim to remove the stress from the property transaction by handling all aspects of the conveyance of title for you.


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How we invest
Global expertise, local insight and fundamental research underpin our fixed income process. We create long-term value by running high conviction portfolios informed by our own security analysis. We don't chase yield and see loss avoidance as more crucial to returns than identifying winners.
Key points:
- Global reach with experienced teams around the world
- Own in-depth, forward-looking research
- Security focus on value relative to fundamental quality
- Emphasis on risk oversight to reduce losses
- Long-standing Asian presence supports insight into emerging markets


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Green Recipes
Chicken Kale Salad with Papaya
My initial plan was to make a sweet and salty, spicy and bitter Vietnamese-style salad using green papaya and the chicken leftovers from yesterday. It turns out I didn't pay attention at the market and bought a very ripe papaya, so I opted for a completely different dish with kale and pesto walnut vinaigrette.
It wasn't what I envisioned from the beginning but I ended up with the flavors I wanted for this salad: sweet and salty and spicy and bitter. I'll probably do it again. This is one result of many experiments that turned out successfully!
Full Recipe...
Pandan Pistachio White Chocolate Chip Cookies (Video)
No one can argue with the fact that American cookies are the best. When I lived in Paris and came to the US, I kept bringing a ton of American cookies home to my friends and relatives. My childhood friend Alexia, who came to visit us this month, came home with 8 dozen of American cookies to gift to her relatives!
Cookies are always a nice treat no matter the age of the cookie monster or the occasion being celebrated. Several years, I came up with this new recipe for homemade cookies with an exotic twist (pandan extract) for a change and they've become my signature cookies for special occasions. Follow the instructions from this video and you'll have our family's favorite French-Asian fusion cookies.
Check out my other video cooking tutorials and more.
Full Recipe...
Gigante Bean and Kale Salad Recipe
Unlike many items on fast food menus, this kale salad should cause no alarm if super-sized. Kale leaves are massaged and marinated in a delectable white bean vinaigrette. The beans used were very creamy inside, so I mashed a small portion to thicken the texture of the dressing.
These Greek white beans are unusually large (compared to the standard beans) and are aptly called "gigante" beans. They have a toothsome bite, which helped balance the texture of the salad. I also added sun-dried tomatoes for a pop of color. Serve this complete, nutritious salad with garlic toast and you'll have a light, healthy, yet tasty meal.
Full Recipe...
Green Food on St. Patrick's Day
The one hour season finale of How I Met Your Mother is slated to air on CBS in less than 2 weeks. Have you watched the TV show? Have you followed the one where Barney Stinson wears a green suit on St. Patrick's Day? Today is officially the day we celebrate Ireland's patron Saint and if you don't wear a specific color you get pinched.
Put on your green clothes (to avoid unnecessary pinches) and celebrate St. Patrick's Day. Here are a few examples of green food. Enjoy!
Full Recipe...
Green Shortcakes with Cream Cheese Frosting
It's Saint Patrick's day next week, so I thought I would feature our family's favorite snacks: sweets, of course!
I prepared strawberry-flavored shortcake batter as the base of the dessert. To ensure a moist texture, I also added crème fraîche. For the green decorations, I used cream cheese frosting colored with pandan paste and light green sprinkles. My little one adored them and I enjoyed watching her eat them just as much. Give this recipe a try next Monday; these mini sweets would make a leprechaun "green" with envy.
Full Recipe...


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Press Release
December 28, 2010
Bay Health Improves
Report Card Shows 3-Point Increase, but System Still in Critical Condition
(RICHMOND, VA)—The Chesapeake Bay is showing encouraging signs of rebounding but is still in critical condition as a result of pollution, according to the Chesapeake Bay Foundation's (CBF) 2010 State of the Bay Report. The report comes as the federal Environmental Protection Agency is preparing to release its pollution budget designed to reduce pollution and dramatically improve water quality.
CBF President Will Baker talks about the State of the Bay report. Watch video.
"That the Bay is getting better is a huge development, but sadly not the whole story," said CBF President William C. Baker. "Dead zones, fish kills, and water contact advisories are constant reminders of how far we still must go."
The numeric index of the Bay's health jumped three points from 2008 to 2010, with eight of 13 indicators rising. The indicator for the health of the blue crab population spiked 15 points, as the Bay's population increased significantly last year. Also, underwater grasses showed steady progress for the fourth year in a row.
But the overall health index of the Bay is 31 out of 100, which means it is still a system dangerously out of balance.
The report is a comprehensive measure of the Bay's health, evaluating 13 indicators: oysters, shad, crabs, striped bass (rockfish), underwater grasses, wetlands, forested buffers, resource lands, toxics, water clarity, dissolved oxygen, and phosphorus and nitrogen pollution. CBF scientists compile and examine the best available historical and up-to-date information for each indicator and assign it an index score and letter grade. Taken together, these indicators offer an assessment of Bay health.
The unspoiled Bay ecosystem described by Captain John Smith in the 1600s, with its extensive forests and wetlands, clear water, abundant fish and oysters, and lush growths of submerged vegetation serves as the benchmark, and would rate a 100 on CBF's scale.
"We are at a tipping point," Baker said. "If EPA stands firm, and the states deliver on their commitments, the Bay will become resilient and bountiful. At the same time, reducing pollution will create jobs and improve local economies."
|Cover image: �2010 Garth Lenz/iLCP
Download the 2010 State of the Bay report(PDF)
By the end of December, EPA must issue a pollution diet for the Bay watershed called a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). (Note: The EPA released the TMDL the day after this press release was published.) The TMDL is required under the federal Clean Water Act and court rulings.
This diet will require Maryland and other Bay states, and ultimately each local jurisdiction, to ratchet down pollution to local creeks, rivers, and the Bay from all sources, including farms, sewage treatment plants, urban and suburban streets, parking lots and lawns. State and local governments will be held responsible for those reductions or potentially lose federal funding and be denied federal permits.
The Bay states and the District of Columbia were required to submit a Watershed Implementation Plan (WIP) to EPA specifying how it planned to meet the new pollution diet. Preliminary versions of the each jurisdictions' plans were deficient in specific details, the agency concluded. CBF has urged the EPA to stand firm in its expectations and to impose consequences on jurisdictions that fail to establish and fully implement plans that meet pollution reduction goals on schedule.
"Let's celebrate actions taken by Virginians as we witness signs of improvement, while concurrently, rededicating efforts to fully restore the Bay - which still operates at only a third of its potential - to ensure healthy waters and a vigorous economy," said CBF Virginia Executive Director Ann Jennings. "We can achieve a clean Bay if Virginia holds itself accountable to achieving the goals of the Watershed Implementation Plan and complies with the Bay pollution diet (TMDL). With leadership and commitment from both public and private sectors, good news stories, such as blue crab and oyster increases seen this year, will continue."


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Erica Schuller
Erica Schuller, a Milwaukee native, has been noted for her consummate stage presence and sensitive, engaging interpretations in a variety of repertoire. She is a frequent soloist with the San Francisco Bach Choir, and has been featured in such works as Bach's Johannes Passion, Jesu meine Freude and Aus der Tiefe. Erica made her second appearance with the Boston Early Music Festival in Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea in summer 2009, and was commended for performing her roles (La Fortuna/Damigella) with "skill and grace" by the Boston Globe. She can also be heard on the Festival's Grammy-nominated recording of Lully's opera, Psyche, which she performed in 2007. Operatic credits include Armida in Handel's Rinaldo, Pamina in Mozart's Magic Flute, Belinda in Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, Amor in Cavalli's L'Egisto,Noémie in Massenet's Cendrillon, Lazuli in Chabrier's L'Étoile, Euridice in Rossi's L'Orfeo, and Axinia in Boris Godunov by Johann Mattheson. Erica received her Masters of Music from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music under the tutelage of Pamela Fry and holds degrees in Vocal Performance and Music Education from the Eastman School of Music, where she studied with Kathryn Cowdrick. The 2011-2012 Season is Ms. Schuller's second as a member of the Florentine Opera Studio Artist Program. She was recently seen on the Florentine stage as Elvira in Rossini's The Italian Girl in Algiers and Shepherdess/Second Lady in a double-bill of Blow's Venus & Adonis and Purcell's Dido & Aeneas.
Erica Schuller is our 2011-2012 Florentine Opera Studio Artist.


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Better Living Through Chemistry??
Hmmm, maybe not so much anymore.
Nowadays it seems like the whole chemistry thing is actually impeding the better living concept. The epic proportion of crystal-meth addiction is just one indication that our relentless pursuit of "happiness" is actually making us really sick and miserable. However, crank is only one of the culprits.
Ya know, if each of us took the time, every now and again, and check in with our body, we'd discover that it has a lot to say. It tells us when we are tired. It lets us know when we are hungry. (That is, if we're not so fucked up we can't think straight.) And given the chance, our body will also tell us when we've had too much (even of a good thing). Besides making us look and act like idiots, excessive drug and alcohol consumption also short-circuits this important flow of information from our body to our mind. This has dire consequences for our wellbeing and the wellbeing of those around us.
Dr. Dick,
My partner and I use poppers during sex and have been doing so for the past few months. Recently, I have been having pain in my gums and teeth. I read that the use of "heart medications", like poppers', can bring on these symptoms. I wasn't concerned at first until I realized that I experienced the same symptoms once before when we were using poppers on a daily basis. The pains stopped after the poppers did. Now we're using them again and the symptoms are back. Could the poppers actually be causing the pain in my teeth and gums?
— Ken
Dear Ken,
This isn't rocket science, darling. If you can put 2 and 2 together and come up with a plausible 4, shouldn't that lead you to a probable conclusion?
Come on, you're doin' way too much poppers and you know it. Maybe it's a lucky thing that your teeth and gums are alerting you to your excess. But, hey, if you choose not to heed your body's signals then you must be brain dead.
If you use a stimulant every time you have sex, you run the risk of desensitizing your body to the natural "high" that sexual activity provides us. You short-circuit or over-ride your body's own pleasure producing hormones — endorphins. You also alter, and not for the better, your natural sexual response cycle. These are real concerns that are rarely spoken about when popper use and health risks are discussed. There is the real danger of altering your sexual response cycle to the point that you will never be able to enjoy sex without a stimulant. This is already an epidemic among those who use crystal-meth.
Stop now.
Good luck
Dear Dr. Dick
I have been in a relationship with this guy…he is 43 and I am 50. He admits that he is an alcoholic and I knew that when this relationship started a little over two years ago. The problem now is that I am having a hard time handling his "slips" and his mood swings which pushes all my wrong buttons all the time, lately. Do you think or advise that we end this relationship? Maybe we both need new partners. It is not that I don't love him….I do. But I am tired of the same pattern…and I don't think that I am ready to be any more patient then I already have been. Please help me in making a decision. Also, I have been recently diagnosed with HIV and will be starting my meds regime shortly…therefore sex has been rare if not absent. That may be another problem.
— Confused and Hurt
Dear C&H,
Sounds to me like you've already made up your mind about the destructive nature of your relationship with your alcoholic partner. Do you just need someone to ratify your feelings, or give you permission to do the thing you know you must do? If so, I happily provide both.
You know you shouldn't be in this relationship and I know you shouldn't be in this relationship. So what are you gonna do about it? Get out before it destroys you too. It's obvious that there will be one casualty in this relationship, your partner. There doesn't need to be two.
Your partner needs help and he'll never get it if you continue to facilitate his self-destructive behaviors. If he doesn't reach out to get some help, he's sending you a message that the booze is more important to him than you are. This is not love, so I suggest you not call it that. It may be some kind of obsession, but it is definitely not love.
Whatever it is, let it go.
Good luck
I got a question for you. One of my fuck buddies gets a small rash around his piss slit. It flares up every couple of months and stays for about a week. He says it itches like hell, but it feels good when he pisses or cums. The skin around his slit gets very rough the peals of. What could be the problem and is it dangerous?
P.S. please keep my name secret because if he finds out I told someone, his feelings will be hurt. I think he is scared he my have a STD.
Well then, we'll just have to keep your little secret, won't we?
Listen, my friend, if I were you I'd encourage my fuck buddy to see a doctor right away. STDs (or more properly, Sexually Transmitted Infections) aside, inflammation and itching, particularly the kind you describe, are always signs of a serious dermatological disturbance. Medical issues like this, especially if they reoccur, should not be taken lightly. His body is trying to get his attention, for christ sake. What is he waiting for, a neon sign?
At the very least, left untreated, something like this could develop into a really serious infection and your friend could lose his dick altogether. No time to lose, pup, have him get this looked at right away.
Good luck


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Easing into a ketogenic diet
Dear All,
A rather long first post, I apologize if this is obvious to all but me. I refer to "The Ketogenic Diet by Lyle McDonald"
The brains glucose requirements
In a non-ketotic state, the brain utilizes roughly 100 grams of glucose per day (5,25). This means that any diet which contains less than 100 grams of carbohydrate per day will induce ketosis, the depth of which will depend on how many carbohydrates are consumed (i.e. less carbohydrates will mean deeper ketosis). During the initial stages of ketosis, any carbohydrate intake below 100 grams will induce ketosis (28). As the brain adapts to using ketones for fuel and the bodys glucose requirements decrease, less carbohydrate must be consumed if ketosis is to be maintained.
Table 1: Sources of glucose during the initial stages of starvation
Source Glucose produced (grams) Amount of carbohydrate required by brain ~100
Breakdown of 180 grams of TG 18
Breakdown of 75 grams of protein 75
Total carbohydrate produced per day 93 in the liver
Protein has both ketogenic effects (46%) and anti-ketogenic effects (58%). This reflects the fact that 58% of dietary protein will appear in the bloodstream as glucose (3), raising insulin and inhibiting ketogenesis. Note that the insulin response from consuming dietary protein is much smaller than that from consuming dietary carbohydrates.
[Pages 43 and 52 appear to contradict each other, since an extra 75gm of protein will produce 0.58*75=43.5g of glucose. Should this be:
Instead of the extra dietary protein, and given that diets below 100gm carbohydrate are ketogenic, could we not just reduce the dietary carbohydrate over time as follows:
e.g. for 62Kg (135.4lb) bodyweight, 2000kCals TDEE:
Week Carb Prot Fat kCals Note
---- ---- ---- --- ----- ----
0 100 95 135 ~2000 Not ketogenic, brain uses all the glucose
1 75 95 146 ~2000 Ketogenic1
2 57 95 155 ~2000 Ketogenic2
3 38 95 163 ~2000 Ketogenic3
4 20 95 171 ~2000 Ketogenic for all following weeks
Would this not help to regulate kidney load, and help to offset the (inevitable) consumption of SOME carbohydrate in readily available foods?
Also (forgive the ignorance), but does 100gm carbohydrate yield 100gm glucose in all cases?
Thanks to Lyle for a great book, and great tips on reading about Dan Duchaine, Mike Zampano et al.
Best Regards,,
John (Manila)
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Shell LubeMatch
Use our Shell LubeMatch tool to find the right oil for your vehicle.
Enhances performance of standard motorcycles, underbones and mopeds.
During the stop-start cycle of commuter journeys, mid-size engines require reliable oil performance under a range of conditions. Shell Advance AX5 is an ideal oil for standard motorbikes thanks to its high oil-performance reliability which helps to protect and clean your engine and prolong its life.
Shell Advance AX5 formulated with Shell Active Cleansing Technology which helps prevent dirt particles sticking together to form deposit
Available viscosity grades: SAE J 300 10W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40, 15W-50, 20W-40 and 20W-50. All formulations meet: API SL and JASO MA.
Use our Shell LubeMatch tool to find the right oil for your vehicle.
Where to buy Shell oils and lubricants.
Download the Shell Motorist app for iPhone and Android: your partner for every journey.


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Rawson Homes Privacy Statement
Our aim is to assure anyone doing business with us that we will comply with the Privacy Act 1988. This statement explains our policy towards the collection, storage and use of personal information.
Privacy Legislation compliance
We are committed to safeguarding personal information regarding our customers. This policy formalises and strengthens this commitment to our customers. We comply with the National Privacy Principles contained in the Privacy Act 1988.
Our Collection of Personal Information
Personal information is anything that can identify a person. The kind of personal information we collect will depend on the particular dealings customers may have with us.
Our Use and Disclosure of Personal Information
Our policy is only to use or disclose personal information for the purpose which was either specified or reasonably apparent at the time when the information was collected. We may also use or disclose the information collected for any other related purpose for which a customer would reasonably expect it to be used. Should we wish to use or disclose the personal information in other circumstances we would obtain the customer's consent to do so.
Sharing Personal Information
We do not sell personal information to other parties. The only circumstances in which external organisations may be given access to our customers' personal information is when our contractors and service providers are helping in the operation of our business or to provide a customer service. In such cases we require these organisations to agree to our Privacy Policy.
When you agree to be contacted, you give consent that Rawson Homes may use your personal information to provide you with updated information about our range of products and services or for assessing our service levels with you. This could be by mail, email, sms, social media, telephone or the like. You have the right to request that we do not provide you with such material or information, and should you not wish to receive it, simply contact our office and advise us accordingly or simply check the unsubscribe box included on all our electronic correspondence. We will then remove you from our contact list promptly. Rawson Homes does not and will not disclose your personal information to any unrelated party.
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We aim to ensure that your personal information is both current and accurate and will take all reasonable steps to protect that information.
Your Access to Personal Information
Should you wish to obtain a copy of the personal information that is held by Rawson Homes please contact our head office on (02) 8765 5500. Personal identification may be required.
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If you would like to change or update personal information then please contact our head office on (02) 8765 5500.
Changes to the Privacy Statement
Rawson Homes reserves the right to change this Privacy Statement at any time. An updated version of the Statement will be posted on our website at www.rawsonhomes.com.au


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If you've opted-in for Steam's Beta user interface in Linux via WINE, you've probably noticed some serious issues, such as the main window not drawing properly on your desktop. Luckily, this is actually really easy to fix. All you have to do is go into your WINE configuration and change the Windows version from the default Windows XP to Windows Vista (or Windows 7, either one works):
Restart Steam and it will notify you that it needs to install a Steam component that requires administrator privileges. Click 'ok,' wait a few minutes, then start Steam again. Everything should begin rendering just dandy:
Everything I tried in the Library and Friends sections seems to work, including downloading and installing games, launching games, chatting with friends, etc. Unfortunately, the store, news and community features still don't show up properly :(
Also, in-game chat using the overlay appears broken in that the game hangs when you try to switch and you can't see what you're typing if you try to chat. However, alt+tab still works, so that's something.
As an added bonus, the 'minimize to system tray' feature works swimmingly:
Original post (for posterity):
I just opted-in for Steam's beta version of their fancy new user interface, which includes a number of improvements such as a greater focus on social interaction and switching from the Internet Explorer rendering engine to a WebKit-based renderer. I had assumed that this would grease the gears a bit on using the UI in Linux via WINE, but it has unfortunately done the opposite.
Now, if you try to launch the updated UI, the Desktop Switcher down in the bottom-right corner of the screen shows a big window with a Steam logo on it, but the window isn't drawn on the desktop as far as I can see.
This post is primarily a placeholder for anything I might find/come up with to correct the problem. So far, I haven't tried disabling compositing or anything like that, so that's next on the list. Feel free to leave me a comment if you have any clues to what's going on.


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Cheese has a spot in my holy trinity of food. There's wine. (Oh dear God, yes!) There's bread. (Hopelessly devoted to the kind you can knock on, like a hollow door.) And there's cheese. (Brought some for lunch because I'd be drooling like a bloodhound after interviews for this story.) Over the past couple of decades, we've weaned ourselves from supermarket Monterey Jack and Cheddar (right?). We started dropping French names. Mon Dieu! How about that Brillat-Savarin triple cream. And Quebec seduced with its cheese savoir faire. I was addicted to La Sauvagine for years.
But in the last decade, especially after the 100 Mile Diet phenom, B.C.'s been getting cheesier and cheesier with a growing number of small artisanal and farmhouse operations. We've grown from about three or four to about 15 in that time. We're vastly outnumbered by the thousand or so artisanal cheesemakers in the U.S. but still, of late, my cheese radar has been shrinking in radius. While the Saltspring Island Cheese Company is pretty well known (why, I've even seen it at Costco and it's crossed provincial borders into stores), and Moonstruck has been producing mighty fine, rich cheeses for about the same time, starting up in the late '90s, my current obsession is for Farm House Natural Cheese's La Pyramide ash-ripened goat cheese (from Agassiz) which has held me hostage by being so good. Creston's Kootenay Meadows Farm (formerly Kootenay Alpine Cheese Co.) also has me pinned and surrendered. Their award-winning Nostrala and Alpindon are lovely. (They both took second place in the 2010 American Cheese Society competition, coming in behind a three-time grand champ.)
It's time to learn a few cheese words. A farmhouse or fermier cheese is produced with milk from the cheesemaker's own dairy cows (or goats or sheep), which is the case with both Kootenay Meadows and Farm House Natural Cheeses. In the case of Kootenay Meadows, the family also grows their own feed (high-quality alfalfa) for the cows. And that really gets to the heart of why these small producers are so darn appealing. Not only do consumers know where the milk is from, the cows are picked, nurtured, fed and cared for to produce the best milk for the intended cheeses. Little Qualicum Cheese (Parksville), Gort's Gouda (Armstrong), Jerseyland Organics (Grand Forks) and Moonstruck Organic Cheese (Saltspring Island) are also fermier cheese companies in B.C.
Artisanal cheesemakers, as opposed to fermier, don't produce their own milk. There isn't an industry definition (yet) but artisanal implies small operations with an artisan cheesemaker, using traditional cheesemaking processes. The next level would be cooperative cheeses with milk sourced from various farms. And at the industrial level, it's a factory.
"At the industrial level, it's automated and they pump it out by the thousands of pounds," says Jonah Benton of Benton Brothers Cheese, who owns three fine cheese stores with brother Andrew. "It doesn't mean it's bad cheese. There are some great examples out there."
The Bentons usually carry cheeses from about seven or eight B.C. cheesemakers including Moonstruck, Saltspring Island Cheese, Kootenay Meadows, Little Qualicum, Poplar Grove, Happy Days, and Farm House Cheese.
Kootenay Meadows begins their cheese with non-thermalized raw milk. "It's true raw milk. A lot of raw milk is heated but not quite to pasteurization and it changes the milk and cheese," says Nadine Ben-Rabha, who, with her mother Denise Harris, are the cheese-making part of the family-run dairy. (Raw milk cheeses in Canada are aged for 60 days before it can be sold to kill off possible harmful bacteria; acids and salts in raw milk cheese naturally prevent harmful bacteria from growing.)
"The cheese should be an expression of the farm it came from. You can taste the fauna and terroir in our cheeses," she says. "If you buy from a milk pool, you lose the link with the cows and the soil which are integral to cheesemaking."
Cheesemaking is an expensive business to start up which might explain why it's a slow-growing industry. Both Kootenay Meadows and Farmhouse Natural began cheesemaking as a value-added operation for their dairy operations.
Ten years ago, dairy farmers were pressured to produce lower butterfat milk in response to consumers wanting more skim milk, says Debra Amrein-Boyes of Farm House Natural Cheeses. ""Cows naturally produce a certain amount of butterfat, Rather than use fat blocker chemicals in the feed we decided to diversify into cheesemaking rather than manipulate their diet." In fact, she and her husband changed the herd to increase the fat level for cheesemaking. Now they have Guernsey and Brown Swiss cows as well as goats.
The pressure to produce lower butterfat milk eased a couple years later but looking back, it was a good move. Amrein-Boyes has been inducted into the prestigious French Cheese Guild, Guilde des Fromagers Confrerie de Saint-Uguzon, recognizing those who protect and continue the traditional cheesemaking around the world. She was also nominated in 2009 for a World Gourmand Cookbook Award for her book, 200 Easy Homemade Cheese Recipes.
"We custom design our milk for our cheese," she says. "We have lower producing animals and the quality of milk depends on how you feed and treat the cows."
Amrein-Boyes is happy to share her knowledge. In fact, Golden Ears Cheese in Maple Ridge, the newest addition to B.C. artisan cheese, might not have existed without her. Golden Ears' cheesemaker Jenna Davison, 25, apprenticed under Amrein-Boyes and went on to make cheese at her family's farm, three generations old, in Maple Ridge. (Her brother produces the milk as another business on the family farm.) To her astonishment, after only a couple of years in operation, her Brie and Havarti cheeses were in the top three in the Canadian Cheese Grand Prix last month. She had only submitted it to get the judge's comments on the flavour and texture.
Amrein-Boyes is training another cheesemaker and that apprentice's boyfriend is using part of the Farm House farmland and the equipment to get started in farming.
Farmstead and artisanal cheesemaking has become more difficult and expensive even as the demand grows. "The regulatory end is quite intimidating," says Julia Grace, a partner at Moonstruck Cheese. "We have one full-time staff to take care of the regulatory end of things. It's an expensive business to get into."
But the local foods movement and animal welfare concerns help her business. "We take good care of our cows (which are Jerseys). People know industrial confinement operations are pretty grim and they know a lot more about it today. I know quite a few people become customers because they want to support our animals."
The secret to success, Grace says, is "understanding your milk" and how best to use it. "Jersey milk is incredibly rich and creamy and full-flavoured and we tend to make those succulent French style cheeses like Camembert and blue." Because they have their own animals, they can use raw milk. "You don't want raw milk being trucked or put through hoses because it can degrade. You need to use it quickly and you really have to know it's very high quality," she says.
If there's anything certain about the artisanal and fermier cheese industry, it's growth. "We expect a lot of changes in the next few years," says Benton. "And it'll be in the area of growth. People are getting educated and experimenting with cheeses and they're looking for B.C. products. We're starting, in B.C. to make our own styles as opposed to copying."


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Jennifer Turner [1]
Jennifer Turner (@JennTurner [2]) is the human rights researcher in the ACLU's Human Rights Program. She conducts documentation research and advocacy on human rights violations in the United States, with a focus on criminal justice, policing, national security, racial justice, women's rights, children's rights, and immigrants' rights. She is the author of numerous ACLU reports, including A Living Death [3], on life without parole sentences for nonviolent offenses; Island of Impunity [4], which documents police brutality and failure to police domestic and sexual violence in Puerto Rico; and Blocking Faith, Freezing Charity [5], on how terrorism financing policies undermine Muslims' religious freedom and chill charitable giving. She also carries out advocacy before the U.N. Human Rights Council, human rights treaty monitoring bodies and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and monitors military commission hearings at Guantánamo Bay.
Prior to joining the ACLU, Jennifer was a fellow in the Women's Rights Division of Human Rights Watch, where she researched and reported on abuses against Asian migrant domestic workers in the Middle East. She has also worked in the asylum program of Human Rights First assisting refugees seeking asylum in the U.S. to obtain pro bono legal representation. Jennifer is a graduate of Yale University and New York University Law School.


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Caramel Apple Crumble Pie
I almost didn't make this pie.
But it took me all of five minutes to put it together and I'm so glad I did.
I was working in the kitchen Thanksgiving morning and realized that the pumpkin dessert I had made a few days before the holiday somehow all had been eaten. Hmmm, how did that happen. I was out of pumpkin puree because I used my last can to bake a pumpkin pie for Skylar's school's Thanksgiving celebration, held the day before.
I looked in my cupboard and saw a can of apple pie filling and figured I could do something with it. I was going to make Caramel Apple Bars but remembered the frozen pie crust I used for the pumpkin pie was sold in a two-pack and I had a spare pie crust in the freezer waiting. Some girls have all the luck.
In literally three minutes, I made the pie filling by melting one half stick of butter, and then added brown and granulated sugar, one egg, vanilla, cinnamon, and pinches of allspice, ground cloves and whisked. I made sure to use the spices in enough quantity so that they'd pop and complement the dish, rather than just getting lost. If you don't tend to keep allspice or cloves around, add extra cinnamon; or try ground ginger or pumpkin pie spice.
Then I added flour, oats, and gently stirred in the apple pie filling. I enjoy the heartiness, chewiness, and texture that oats lend to apple crumbles and my goal for this pie was to be more like an apple crumble than just another plain old apple pie. There was nothing plain about this.
I poured the filling into the frozen crust straight from the freezer without even thawing it, and filled it right up to the brim. I placed the pie plate on a baking sheet as insurance against overflow, and baked it.
The filling domed and puffed a bit while baking, and for a minute I was a bit worried it may overflow, but all was well. As the pie cooled, the filling relaxed and sank down, leaving behind rich density and fullness with each bite.
For the almost one hour that the pie baked, my house smelled like a bakery from the pie crust and oats, as well as a fragrant apple orchard. And the cinnamon-sugar and buttery caramely scents wafting were aromatherapy torture because all I wanted to do was dive into my oven.
Between the flour and oats, brown sugar and cinnamon, I got my wish for apple-pie-meets-apple-crumble. It has apple crumble tendencies with streusel-like texture and warm cinnamon-sugar notes, yet it's all contained in a neat and tidy pie crust package, perfect to catch the sweet juices released from the apples as they bake.
Caramel and apples is a perfect pairing and for me, the more caramel, the merrier. Two dimensions of caramel are present. First, the butter and brown sugar in the filling caramelize while baking, giving a depth of flavor that reminds me of one of favorite frostings of all time, this Vanilla Caramel Glaze. Then, prior to serving, I drizzled caramel sauce over the top for an extra boost of sweet buttery caramel intensity.
Homemade Dark Rum Caramel Sauce would have been heavenly, as would have Vanilla Caramel Glaze, but I was pressed for time on a busy Thanksgiving day morning in the kitchen. I used Trader Joe's Fleur de Sel Caramel sauce, with no complaints.
If you ever need a quick pie to make, with less than five minutes of active work time, that yields luscious and rich results, this is the one.
You could of course make your own pie crust, peel and core your own apples for the filling, but on a day about giving thanks and being thankful, I was grateful that I pulled this off on the fly. Often times its the things I make without a recipe, and just on a whim, that end up being our favorites.
Scott is an ice cream fanatic and prior to serving his slice, I added some vanilla ice cream to accompany it because for him everything is better a la mode.
For me, everything is better with more crumble topping and more caramel sauce and I adored every texture-filled, sweet, buttery, and caramel-loaded bite.
- ¼ cup unsalted butter, melted (half of one stick)
- 1 large egg
- ¾ cup granulated sugar
- ¼ cup light brown sugar, loosely measured
- 1½ teaspoons vanilla extract
- 1 teaspoon cinnamon
- ¼ teaspoon allspice
- ¼ teaspoon ground cloves
- ¼ teaspoon salt, optional and to taste
- ¾ cup all-purpose flour
- ¾ cup whole rolled old-fashioned oats (not quick cook or instant)
- one 21-ounce can apple pie filling (I used Comstock More Fruit Cinnamon 'n Spice Apple filling)
- one 9-inch frozen pie crust (or make your own using your favorite recipe)
- caramel sauce, caramel ice cream topping. Dark Rum Caramel Sauce or Vanilla Caramel Glaze, optional but recommended for drizzling
- ice cream or whipped topping, optional
- Preheat oven to 350F. In a large microwave-safe bowl, melt the butter, about 1 minute on high power. Allow the butter to cool momentarily so you don't scramble the egg; then add the egg, sugars, vanilla, cinnamon, allspice, cloves, salt, and whisk to combine until batter is smooth (All spices and salt should be added to taste and use what you have on hand; omitting what you don't have and mixing and matching with other spices such as ginger or pumpkin pie spice is okay).
- Add the flour, oats, and stir to incorporate. Fold in the apple pie filling. Pour filling mixture into frozen pie crust (I didn't bother pre-thawing it) and lightly smooth filling with a spatula. It's okay to fill pie crust up nearly to the brim; I did and it did not overflow. As insurance, place pie crust on a baking tray so if it does overflow a bit, it won't pool in the bottom of the oven. Bake for 50 to 60 minutes, or until top has just set and is not jiggly, and is golden. I baked mine for about 54 minutes and when I took it out of the oven, the filling had risen and was a bit domed and puffed, and as pie cooled, the dome sank and it flattened out. Allow pie to cool for at least 30 minutes before slicing and serving. Prior to serving, optionally drizzle with caramel sauce or serve with ice cream.
- Pie should be kept covered and will keep in the refrigerator for up to 5 days; I prefer refrigerating it rather than keeping it at room temperature and I store my pie inside a large two-gallon sized plastic food storage bag in the refrigerator.
Related Recipes:
Spiced Apple and Banana Bundt Cake with Vanilla Caramel Glaze – Apples and bananas, baked together in a fast and easy cake and the glaze is my favorite frosting or glaze recipe on my entire blog, so full of richness and depth of flavor. I love it and could happily eat it by the spoonful
Caramel Apple Bars (GF with vegan adaptation) – Caramely, gooey, and the chunky apples pieces and oats give great chewiness and texture, while the brown sugar enhances the caramel notes
Caramel Peanut Butter & Jelly Bars (GF with Vegan adaptation) – Peanut butter and jelly, with a bit of caramel sauce and loads of crumbly pieces, make these bars irresistible. They're one of Scott's favorites, and mine too
Spiced Apple Pie Smoothie (vegan, GF) – A creamy and easy way to drink your apple pie rather than chew it
Cinnamon Roll Coffee Cake with Cream Cheese Glaze – For crumble or streusel topping fans, this cake has an abundance and there's plenty of robust cinnamon-sugar flavor. An easy-to-make cake that tastes like a cinnamon roll and is ready from start to finish in one hour
What are your favorite pies to make or eat?
Crumble topping fan? Caramel lover?
Feel free to link up your favorite recipes.
So often people are intimidated with pies or cakes, thinking they're difficult and time consuming, and although they can be, the kind I make are as easy as…pie.
The winners of the Tiny Food Party Cookbook Giveaway are Sue/the view from great island, Dorothy @ Crazy for Crust, and little kitchie


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RV Forum flags - click HERE
Sorry for your loss, but no evidence of forcible entry has typically been a non-coverage clause in home onwers insurance policies ever ....
So the lesson is if you notice something taken with no signs of forced entry you then take the largest screwdrive you have to the lock and damage it.
I recently purchased insurance sith state farm 15,000.00 policy for 150.00 per year not sure about the coverage but my agent has always been good to me. tom from cambridge maryland
and I just switched away from Progressive last year. I love their TV ads but nothing else. They broke a number of promises they made and have a very deceptive structure where you can access Progressive through an agency, or deal directly with no agent middlemen. And you are not allowed to switch from agency to direct unless you give up the replacement value clause in your policy. And they love to bring in new customers at a low price and then begin a program of big rate increases year after year.We switched to GEICO and cut our bill in half (about where it was when we signed up for Progressive 5 years ago). In our second year we actually received a small decrease in our rate.I have heard many people say its best to shop around and switch companies from time to time to keep rates competitive. So far we have not had to do that with GEICO, but we stand ready to switch again if they think they have imprisoned our wallets. Smoky
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This is a group for anyone who likes content related to Hellsing, Hellsing Ultimate or Hellsing The Dawn.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
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The Auctions America Collector Car Auction is coming to Burbank this weekend! More than 400 vehicles will be offered for sale beginning Thursday August 1st and continuing through Saturday, August 3rd at the Los Angeles Marriott Burbank Airport Hotel in Burbank, California.
The auction catalog includes collector cars of every variety, from European and American sports cars and exotics, to restored classics, and of course plenty of hot rods and custom cars. We'll be keeping our eyes on some of the spectacular rods from Street Rodder Magazine's past, such as the Boyd Coddington '29 Ford coupe, Chip Foose and Jerry Kugel's '32 Ford Muroc roadster, and the '35 Ford custom coupe known as "Ruby Deluxe" which was featured in Street Rodder Premium, among other historically-significant cars. The full auction catalog is available on the Auctions America website (see below).
Admission to the Auctions America Collector Car Auction is $20 for a day pass or $50 for a weekend pass. Children 12 and under get in free. More information, including auction hours, can be found on the
Auctions America website HERE.


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This morning, Wikia is rolling out cool features on the controversial Wikia Search engine (previous review).
Starting today, if you do a search on the engine and don't like the results, you'll be able to change them. Your changes will apply not just for yourself, but rather for everybody.
The engine will launch with a smallish subset of machine-indexed pages, about 30 million, which will form the baseline that Wikia Search will let users go to town on. It's "hardly a full crawl" of the Web, admits Wikia (and Wikipedia) co-founder Jimmy Wales, but it's a start.
The editing you can do on Wikia Search is extensive. If you think a result on a search result page is too low or too high in the listings, you can influence its position by rating it. You can delete entries entirely or hand-write new ones. You can also rewrite the text of a search result, including adding code to the result (to insert, perhaps, a site-specific search, like Google's search-within-search).For people accustomed to the cold (if hidden) logic of purely algorithmic search, these are scary options. It means that your search results are, in part, up to the whims of capricious or crazy humans, or perhaps people trying to game the system to promote some sites while burying competitors.
If you're lucky, though, your search result may be positively influenced by topic experts, your friends, or just other generally well-meaning people. And that's the hope. For the most part, this philosophy works for wikis. Wales obviously thinks it will work for search as well.
I hope it does. I like the idea of an open and transparent search engine. But I'm skeptical, for the sole reason that there's more at stake in search then there is on most wikis. How sites place on search engines has a material impact on how much money they make, so the more successful this engine is, the more people there will be trying to game this system.
To counter this, Wikia Search changes are all done all wiki-style. They're transparent, and they can be reverted by users. Hopefully that will offset the gaming of the system.
One variable that won't influence Wikia Search results: your social network. If your friends rate certain sites higher than the population at large, that fact won't be reflected in the results you get.
Wales said to me, regarding the concept of sorting results individually based on their social network (see Delver), "I'm not convinced that it will be all that useful," but it could be a "piece of data we would use" in the future.
That's probably just as well; the concept of search results directly changeable by users will be weird enough for users to get a handle on.
Wales put a video demo together for Wikia Search. Click to view.
See also: Anoox.


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I was thinking about how to prove $\operatorname{Br}(K)\cong H^2(\operatorname{Gal}(\bar{K}/K),\bar{K}^*)$ without having to introduce inductive limits and all the profinite stuff. So, I started wondering if the conditions of a direct system could be weakened for the category of abelian groups in a way that isomorphisms would be still preserved. This brought me to the following general question:
Let $G$ and $H$ be two abelian groups, not necessarily finite, $I$ an index set and $(G_i) _{i\in I}$ and $(H_i)_{i\in I}$ families of subgroups respectevely of $G$ and $H$ such that
(1) $\forall i\in I: G_i \cong H_i$ and
(2) $\bigcup_{i\in I}G_i=G$ and $\bigcup_{i\in I}H_i=H$.
Question 1: Can we conclude that $G\cong H$?
Question 2: If yes, can we drop "abelian"?
EDIT: I forgot to mention that the $G_i$ (and $H_i$) are also assumed to be distinct subgroups.


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