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Blair Invs., LLC v. Roanoke Rapids City CouncilAnnotate this Case
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NO. COA13-690 NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS Filed: 17 December 2013 BLAIR INVESTMENTS, LLC, Petitioner, V. Halifax County No. 12 CVS 1257 ROANOKE RAPIDS CITY COUNCIL, and CITY OF ROANOKE RAPIDS, Respondents. Appeal by Petitioner from order entered 25 February 2012 by Judge Alma L. Hinton in Halifax County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 4 November 2013. Richard E. Jester for petitioner-appellant. Chichester Law Office, by Geoffrey P. Davis, and Gilbert W. Chichester, for respondent-appellees. STEELMAN, Judge. Where petitioner made a prima facie case that it was entitled to a special use permit to construct a cell tower and the city council s denial of petitioner s application was not supported by competent, material, and substantial evidence, the trial court erred by affirming the city council s decision. -2I. Factual and Procedural Background Blair Investors, LLC, (petitioner), a North Carolina limited liability corporation, leased a 100 square foot site in Roanoke Rapids to U.S. Cellular, which planned to install a cell phone tower. The property is zoned I-1 Industrial by the City of Roanoke Rapids, a zoning category that allows placement of a cellular phone tower upon granting of a special use permit. Petitioner submitted an application to the Roanoke Rapids Planning and Development Department (the planning department) for a special use permit to construct the cell tower, and on 8 August 2012 the planning department submitted a report to the mayor of Roanoke Rapids and to the Roanoke Rapids City Council (the council) respondents) (respondent, recommending with approval City of of the Roanoke Rapids, application. On 14 August 2012 the council held a public hearing on petitioner s application. Sworn testimony was offered by the director of the planning department, who introduced the department s report, and by several area application. residents who At subsequent meeting a council denied the special use commented on 9 on petitioner s October 2012 the permit on the grounds that more probably than not the proposed tower would endanger the public health or safety surrounding area. and would not be in harmony with the -3On 14 November 2012, petitioner filed a petition for writ of certiorari in Superior Court, seeking review of respondent s decision. On 25 February 2012, the trial court entered an order affirming respondent s denial of petitioner s application for a special use permit. Petitioner appealed. II. Evidentiary Support for Denial of Special Use Permit In its first argument, petitioner contends that the trial court erred in affirming the decision of the council, on the grounds that the council s ruling was not supported by any relevant evidence. We agree. A. Standard of Review [T]he terms special use and conditional use are used interchangeably[.] . . . [A] conditional use or a special use permit is one issued for a use which the ordinance expressly permits in a designated zone upon proof that certain facts and conditions detailed in the ordinance exist. Concrete Co. v. Board of Commissioners, 299 N.C. 620, 623, 265 S.E.2d 379, 381 (1980) (quoting Refining Co. v. Board of Aldermen, 284 N.C. 458, 467, 202 S.E. 2d 129, 135 (1974) (other citation omitted). A particular standard of review applies at each of the three levels of this proceeding - the [council], the superior court, and this Court. First, the [council] is the finder of -4fact in its consideration of the application for a special use permit. The [council] is required, as the finder of fact, to follow a two-step decision-making process in granting or denying an application for a special use permit. If an applicant has produced competent, material, and substantial evidence tending to establish the existence of the facts and conditions which the ordinance requires for the issuance of a special use permit, prima facie he is entitled to it. If a prima facie case is established, [a] denial of the permit [then] should be based upon findings contra which are supported by competent, material, and substantial evidence appearing in the record. Davidson Cty. Broadcasting Inc. v. Rowan Cty. Bd. of Comm rs, 186 N.C. App. 81, 86, 649 S.E.2d 904, 909 (2007) (quoting Mann Media, Inc. v. Randolph Cty. Planning Bd., 356 N.C. 1, 12, 565 S.E.2d 9, 16-17 (2002) (internal quotation omitted), disc. review denied, 362 N.C. 470, 666 S.E.2d 119 (2008). Judicial conditional review use of permits town is decisions provided for to in grant G.S. or deny 160A-388(e) which states, inter alia, Every decision of the board shall be subject to review by the superior court by proceedings in the nature of certiorari. Concrete Co., 299 N.C. at 623, 265 S.E.2d at 381. [T]he task of a court reviewing a decision on an application for a conditional use permit made by a town board sitting as a quasi-judicial body includes: (1) [r]eviewing the record for errors in law, (2) [i]nsuring that procedures -5specified by law in both statute and ordinance are followed, (3) [i]nsuring that appropriate due process rights of a petitioner are protected including the right to offer evidence, cross- examine witnesses, and inspect documents, (4) [i]nsuring that decisions of town boards are supported by competent, material and substantial evidence in the whole record, and (5) [i]nsuring that decisions are not arbitrary and capricious. Concrete Co. at 626, 265 S.E.2d at 383. When this Court reviews a superior court s order regarding a zoning decision by a Board of Commissioners, we examine the order to: (1) determin[e] whether the [superior] court exercised the appropriate scope of review and, if appropriate, (2) decid[e] whether the court did so properly. Davidson Cty., 186 N.C. App. at 87, 649 S.E.2d at 910 (quoting Mann Media, 356 N.C. at 14, 565 S.E.2d at 18 (citations and quotations omitted). There are two standards of review that may apply to special use permit decisions. Whole record review, a deferential standard, applies where we must determine if a decision was supported by the evidence or if it was arbitrary or capricious. However, errors of law are reviewed de novo. American Towers v. Town of Morrisville, __ N.C. App. __, __, 731 S.E.2d 698, 701 (2012) (citing Mann Media at 13, 565 S.E.2d at 17), disc. review denied, __ N.C. __, 743 S.E.2d 189 (2013)). -6- B. Analysis When an applicant for a conditional use permit produces competent, material, and substantial evidence of compliance with all ordinance requirements, the applicant has made a prima facie showing of entitlement to a permit. Howard v. City of Kinston, 148 N.C. App. 238, 246, 558 S.E.2d 221, 227 (2002) (quoting SBA, Inc. v. City of Asheville City Council, 141 N.C. App. 19, 27, 539 S.E.2d 18, 22 (2000) (internal citation omitted). Substantial evidence is defined as that which a reasonable mind would regard as sufficiently supporting a specific result. Baker v. Town of Rose Hill, 126 N.C. App. 338, 341, 485 S.E.2d 78, 80 (1997) (quoting CG&T Corp. v. Bd. of Adjustment of Wilmington, 105 N.C. App. 32, 40, 411 S.E.2d 655, 660 (1992) evidence (internal [h]aving citation some omitted). logical Material connection evidence with is the consequential facts, BLACK S LAW DICTIONARY 998 (8th ed. 2004), and competent evidence is generally defined as synonymous with admissible evidence, BLACK S LAW DICTIONARY 595 (8th ed. 2004). Thus, substantial, competent, material evidence is evidence that is admissible, relevant to the issues in dispute, and sufficient to support review de the novo decision the of initial a reasonable issue of fact-finder. whether the [W]e evidence -7presented by petitioner met the requirement of being competent, material, and substantial. American Towers, __ N.C. App. at __, 731 S.E.2d at 701 (citing SBA, 141 N.C. App. at 23-29, 539 S.E.2d at 20-24). We first consider whether petitioner made a prima facie case of entitlement to a special use permit. According to the minutes of the public hearing, the director of the planning department, Ms. Lasky, offered sworn testimony and introduced the planning department s report communication tower approval of a finding is Special a Use in use part that Permit ; that is (2) (1) a wireless permitted with the the had been tower designed by a North Carolina Professional Engineer and its design and construction will comply with all applicable structural engineering requirements ; (3) the permit was within the planning department s jurisdiction; (4) the application was complete; and (5) the tower would comply with all of the requirements of The Land Use Ordinance if completed as proposed in the application. The planning department s report also concluded that it was probably true that ingress and egress to the lot was safe and convenient; that the effect of signs, lights, parking, noise, and refuse disposal on neighboring properties would be similar to other uses permitted in the zoning district; that utilities -8were available; screened and and would that the preserve tower the would natural be appropriately features of the property. Petitioner s application for a special use permit, which is over 100 pages, included the sworn affidavit of radiofrequency engineer Xiyang Liu averring that the tower would comply with FCC and FAA rules concerning construction requirements, safety standards, interference protection, power and height limitations, and radio frequency standards, and that it would not interfere with any other radio devices such as TV's, radios or other cellular phones and would not interfere with any household products such as microwave ovens. Other documents in the application established that the tower met the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act in that it would not adversely affect any endangered species, critical habitats, or historic properties; would not affect American Indian religious sites; would not involve any significant change in wetland fill, deforestation, or water diversion; was not located in a 100 year flood plain; and would not threaten human exposure to levels of radiofrequency radiation. Based on its assessment of these and other relevant factors, the planning department s report concluded that if completed as proposed the tower more probably than not -9(a) Will not materially endanger the public health or safety[.] The staff has determined that this is probably true: the proposed use will be located within an existing industrial facility [and] . . . will be required to meet all governmental and industry safety guidelines. . . . An assessment of the previously referenced seven items . . . indicates no specific endangerment to the public health or safety that is not adequately addressed. (b) Will not substantially injure the value of the adjoining or abutting property[.] The staff has determined that this is probably true. . . . (c) Will be in harmony with the area in which it is to be located[.] The staff has determined that this is probably true: its use as proposed will be in harmony with the existing surrounding uses in the area based on [the] previously referenced seven items[.] . . . (d) The use will be in general conformity with the Comprehensive Development Plan, Thoroughfare Plan, or other plan officially adopted by the City Council. The staff has determined that this is probably true. The planning department s report also stated that petitioner had addressed the requisite questions, which must be answered by the City Council in the application and that it is the Staff s opinion that the request satisfactorily meets the requirements of . . . [the] Land Use Ordinance. We hold that the information in the planning department s report in conjunction with the director s testimony, constituted -10 competent, material, and substantial evidence tending to establish the existence of the facts and conditions which the ordinance requires for the issuance of a special use permit. Mann Media, 356 N.C. at 12, 565 S.E.2d at 16. We agree with petitioner that it made a prima facie showing that it was entitled to a special use permit. Once an applicant makes a prima facie showing of entitlement to a special use permit, the burden of establishing that the approval of a conditional use permit would endanger the public health, safety, and welfare falls upon those who oppose the issuance of the permit. Denial of a conditional use permit must be based material, Howard, upon and 148 findings which substantial N.C. App. at are evidence 246, supported appearing 558 S.E.2d by in at competent, the 227 record. (citing Woodhouse v. Board of Commissioners, 299 N.C. 211, 219, 261 S.E.2d 882, 888 (1980) (internal quotation omitted). Moreover, a city council s denial of a conditional use permit based solely upon the generalized objections and concerns of neighboring community members is impermissible. Speculative assertions, mere expression of opinion, and generalized fears about the possible effects of granting a permit are insufficient to support the findings of a quasi-judicial body. In other words, the denial of a conditional use permit may not be based on conclusions which are speculative, sentimental, personal, vague, or merely an excuse to prohibit the requested use. -11Howard at 246, 558 S.E.2d at 227 (citing Gregory v. County of Harnett, 128 N.C. App. 161, 165, 493 S.E.2d 786, 789 (1997), quoting Sun Suites Holdings, LLC v. Board of Aldermen of Town of Garner, 139 N.C. App. 269, 276, 533 S.E.2d 525, 530 (internal citation omitted), disc. review denied, 353 N.C. 280, 546 S.E.2d 397 (2000), and citing Woodhouse, 299 N.C. at 220, 261 S.E.2d at 888). We next consider whether the record contains substantial, competent, and material evidence to support denial of petitioner s application for a permit. The only evidence offered in opposition to issuance of the special use permit consisted of comments by several local residents: 1. Mr. Steve Hill stated that his main concerns were with David King s maintenance of the lot which, in his opinion, had been an eyesore to the City and neighborhood for many years[.] He said that the tower would be visible from his house and that he did not believe this would be good for his property value. 2. Mrs. Connie Hill stated that her concerns were the same as her husband s and that when she looked outside she saw a building falling down[.] Mrs. Hill said that she is not opposed to a cell tower but does not want to look at one. 3. Mr. Jessie Bass stated one of his major concerns is whether or not the cell tower will interfere with the wireless devices he has in his home and that the city should -12have taken action to address maintenance of the property before now. 4. Dr. Hashmat Chaudhry stated his office was across the street from this property, that some of his patients had complained about an unpleasant smell from the lot, and that Mr. King s garbage blows onto his property during storms. He asked whether items stored on the property constituted a fire hazard, and stated that he was concerned about the danger to the public from the property. He also said that he did not see a need for the cell tower. 5. Mr. Craig Moseley stated this proposed tower will almost be in his backyard and asked if Mr. King would maintain the tower as he does the rest of the property. 6. Mr. Dennis Blackmon stated his concern is with the existing building. main 7. Ms. Evelyn Dawson stated she would like to know the possible negative health and environmental side effects of such a structure and that she feels the tower might be a blight on a well-traveled area of the community. 1 The comments from area residents were primarily concerned with the condition of a building on the property. To the extent that these speakers addressed the cell tower, their comments consisted entirely of speculative opinions, unsupported by any documentary or testimonial evidence, or of statements informing 1 According to the minutes of the public hearing, these comments constitute the entire extent of evidence in opposition to the proposed cell tower. No transcript was made of the hearing. -13the council that the speaker had a question or a concern about a particular issue. Respondent denied petitioner s application for a special use permit on the grounds that the tower would more probably than not materially endanger the public health or safety and that it was not in harmony with the area in which it is to be located. However, no evidence was introduced that was competent or material on either the health and safety implications of the tower or whether it would be in harmony with the surrounding area. The inclusion of the particular use in the ordinance as one which is permitted under certain conditions, is equivalent to a legislative finding that the prescribed use is one which is in harmony with the other uses permitted in the district. Woodhouse, 299 N.C. at 216, 261 S.E.2d at 886. Respondents cite no evidence that the tower would not be in harmony with the area, nor any evidence about health or safety issues. We hold that respondents denial of petitioner s application was not supported by substantial, material, and competent evidence. Respondents allege on appeal that the concerns of local residents constituted substantial, material, and competent evidence. However, respondents neither acknowledge nor attempt to distinguish precedent holding that a board s decision to deny a permit request may not be based on speculative opinions: -14The evidence relied upon by the respondent Board to support its finding is incompetent as opinion testimony and is highly speculative in nature. The denial of a special exception permit may not be founded upon conclusions which are speculative, sentimental, personal, vague or merely an excuse to prohibit the use requested. Woodhouse, 299 N.C. at 220-21, 261 S.E.2d at 888 (quoting Baxter v. Gillispie, 60 Misc. 2d 349, 354, 303 N.Y.S. 2d 290, 296 (1969). We hold application substantial, that for a the council s special competent, and use denial permit material was of not evidence. petitioner s supported When a by Board action is unsupported by competent substantial evidence, such action must be set aside for it is arbitrary. MCC Outdoor, LLC v. Town of Franklinton Bd. of Comm rs, 169 N.C. App. 809, 811, 610 S.E.2d 794, 796 (citing Refining Co., 284 N.C. at 468, 202 S.E.2d at 135-36), disc. review denied, 359 N.C. 634, 616 S.E.2d 540 (2005). Where the trial court affirms the denial of a permit application when the denial was not based on sufficient evidence, the trial court must be reversed. MCC Outdoor, 169 N.C. App. at 815, 610 S.E.2d at 798. We hold that the trial court s order must be reversed. Petitioner has also argued that the trial court s order should be reversed on the grounds that the council s decision was internally inconsistent because it found both that the -15proposed cell tower complied with the town s planning ordinance and also that it was not in harmony with the surrounding area, and because the council s ruling violated the federal Telecommunications Act. However, having reversed the trial court on the grounds discussed above, we need not address these alternative bases for reversal. Conclusion We conclude that the trial court erred by affirming the decision of the council to deny petitioner s application for a special use permit and that its order should be reversed and the case remanded to Halifax County Superior Court for remand to the city council with instructions to grant petitioner s application for a special use permit. REVERSED. Chief Judge MARTIN and Judge DILLON concur.


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WASHINGTON — A former adviser to the Obama administration on health policy made public statements in 2012 that undercut arguments it is now making in court about the government's authority to subsidize insurance premiums.
The adviser, Jonathan Gruber, a professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said at a conference in 2012 that consumers could not obtain insurance subsidies under the health care law if they lived in states that refused to establish their own insurance exchanges.
His comments, captured on videotape, contradict the argument now made in court by the administration, which says that Congress always intended for the subsidies to be available nationwide, in all states, regardless of whether they had a federal or state-run exchange.
The subsidies are widely seen as essential to the survival and success of the health care law, President Obama's most significant legislative achievement, adopted in March 2010 without any Republican votes. More than six million people who bought insurance on the federal and state exchanges have qualified for subsidies, in the form of tax credits.
Mr. Gruber backed away from his comments on Friday. But the remarks embarrassed the White House and could help plaintiffs in court cases challenging the payment of subsidies in 36 states that rely on the federal exchange.
"I made a mistake in some 2012 speeches in describing the tax credits," Mr. Gruber said in an email on Friday. "It is clear from all my writings and modeling that I did over this same time period that tax credits are assumed to be available in all states. This is the only sensible reading of the Affordable Care Act and is corroborated by every single person who helped craft the law."
The video surfaced Thursday in a comment posted at the Volokh Conspiracy, a blog on legal and political issues.
In lawsuits challenging the health care law, plaintiffs contend that Congress confined the subsidies to state exchanges for a reason: It wanted to provide an incentive for states to establish and operate exchanges, rather than leaving the task to the federal government.
At the conference in 2012, Mr. Gruber said the federal government would provide a backstop if states failed to establish insurance exchanges.
"What's important to remember politically about this," Mr. Gruber said, "is if you're a state and you don't set up an exchange, that means your citizens don't get their tax credits."
Conservative and libertarian critics of the health law seized on the video as evidence to support their case.
Michael F. Cannon, director of health policy studies at the Cato Institute, said, "Professor Gruber's comments totally disrupt the narrative that Congress could not have intended to do this."
A panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled Tuesday in favor of plaintiffs in a case here, while a panel of the federal appeals court in Richmond, Va., sided with the Obama administration in a similar case.
In 2009 and 2010, Mr. Gruber was a paid adviser to the administration. The Department of Health and Human Services said in June 2009 that it had awarded a $297,000 contract to him "for technical assistance in evaluating options for national health care reform." He also provided advice to Democrats in Congress and was an architect of the Massachusetts health care program, a precursor of the federal plan.
The White House played down the video on Friday, saying that Mr. Gruber had made clear in friend-of-the-court briefs that he supports the administration's interpretation.
"His views on this are pretty clear," said Josh Earnest, the White House press secretary. "I think that he described those remarks as a mistake. But I'd refer you to his explanation for why he said them. I think what is clear is that he, like Congress, intended for every eligible American to have access to tax credits that lower their health care costs, regardless of who is operating their marketplace."
On Thursday, the administration issued new tax forms to enforce provisions of the health care law that require most Americans to have insurance and to repay subsidies if necessary.
The forms require taxpayers to report — for each member of a household and each month of the year — whether the person had coverage. If they were uninsured for part of the year, they are supposed to compute and pay penalties, which for some taxpayers could be nearly 1 percent of their adjusted gross income.

subset: commoncrawl


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This is one of my favorite sessions up to date. I think this type of session just highlights the beauty in a Pregnant mom. I asked Keishla if she was up for a Milk Bath session and she immediately agreed to do it. I was so excited, as I love this type of sessions.
Her sister agreed for the session to take place in her home, and it was a perfect bath tub. We filled the tub half way with water, added a gallon of Milk and then added a "special substance" (lol) to make it whiter and more opaque. The water was warm to the touch to make momma comfortable while in the water.
We started taking some shots without the natural flowers and then we added them little by little. Flowers just add a special touch, but even without anything it looked glorious. I asked later on if she wanted to include her daughter in the shoot and she agreed. These two were perfect. Such a beautiful Mommy and Me Photo Session.
Can't wait for my next Milk Bath Session with a Beautiful Momma to be or a Mommy and Me (newborn/small child) Session.
Now booking in the Greater Boston area, send me a message here if you are interested.
PS: I added a few behind the scene images of her niece who wanted to get in the tub and play with her My Little Pony :).
Behind the Scenes :)


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ReconRobotics to use 70cm band/
The FCC have refused an ARRL petition to stop the use of the amateur radio 70cm band by surveillance robots.
The FCC issued an Order on Reconsideration dismissing a March 2010 Petition for Reconsideration filed by the ARRL that asked the Commission to deny pending Public Safety Pool license applications associated with the ReconRobotics Video and Audio Surveillance System; however, in doing so, the FCC made it clear that the devices may not exceed 100 kHz of bandwidth.
The Recon Scout - manufactured by ReconRobotics - is a remote-controlled, manoeuvrable surveillance robot that transmits real-time video surveillance data that operates by FCC waiver in the 70 centimetre band.
More info - http://www.arrl.org/news/fcc-denies-arrl-em-petition-em-to-deny-reconrobotics-licenses-but-limits-devices-to-100-khz-bandwidth


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1. Ready?
a) Yes, sir!
b) I guess so.
c) Whatever.
d) Where am I? What's going on?
1. If you encounter an aggressive ship from an alien race friendly to the Federation blasting an innocent unknown
ship, you...
a) fire on both ships' weapons systems and tell them to shape up.
b) scootle away because it's not your business.
c) vaporize 'em both.
d) Hold it, where I am I? I signed up for the Jedi prep course, this IS the Jedi Temple, right? Who are all of you?
Hello? Well, as long as I'm here...
2. During a diplomatic mission to bring a planet into the Federation, you are required to wear a Carmen Miranda
outfit and dance the flamenco. You...
a) wear it because you respect the traditions.
b) refuse to wear it because it's the most idiotic tradition you've ever been subjected to.
c) Laugh hysterically and roll on the floor.
d) Are we talking about a MAN wearing that?
3. You are sent to make peace between two warring planets who have each attacked a Federation colony in an
effort to destroy the other. When meeting with the alien leaders, you...
a) quietly tell both of them that you fully understand and peace is possible.
b) call them a couple of pathetic losers.
c) Ask the Klingons to conquer them.
d) Begin speaking randomly in French and try to confuse them.
4. A Cardassian cruiser attacks a Federation freighter not too far away. You...
a) ease into the situation and hope to reach a diplomatic solution.
b) go in with phasers blasting.
c) throw up in despair.
d) Who are the Cardassians? Are they bad?
5. As a part of an alien ritual, you are required to drink a disgusting drink that resembles bloodwine with lumps of
pudding in it. You...
a) choke it down.
b) pour it into a potted plant or a nearby housepet.
c) throw up.
d) proclaim that you're allergic to noxious radioactive waste products.
6. The leader of a band of ruthless terrorists offer to have you and your starship join their pirate band. You
a) "Starfleet rules prohibit that!"
b) "Get lost, greasy."
c) "Sorry, I'm already a smuggler of Orion animal women."
d) "What's the pay?"
7. The Klingons are...
a) warriors.
b) peacemakers.
c) all female.
d) bunnies.
8. The Borg are...
a) evil assimilating automatons with no conscience or mercy.
b) no match for the power of the Force.
c) very ugly.
d) big fans of "Lost in Space."
9. The Vulcans are...
a) logical.
b) loud-mouthed and obnoxious.
c) pink-haired.
d) given to dancing the Macarena.
10. The Cardassians are...
a) misunderstood.
b) evil totalitarian scum.
c) peace-loving hippies.
d) given to wearing plastic shirts.
11. The Ferengi are...
a) money-grubbing little twits.
b) warriors.
c) neurotic little hippies.
d) the flying monkeys in "The Wizard of Oz."
12. The Federation is...
a) a peaceful alliance of planets that work side-by-side for mutual benefit.
b) too pushy and whiny.
c) a nice vacation spot.
d) full of creepy Starfleet admirals with weird voices.
18. The Dominion is...
a) an empire of evil changelings, creepy diplomats, and genetically-engineered warriors.
b) a peaceful alliance.
c) an insurance company.
d) a vast army of flying monkeys.
19. The Jem'Hadar are...
a) savage genetically-engineered warriors with no free will.
b) large and ugly.
c) peace-loving and docile to the point of cowlike.
d) in serious need of a bath.
20. On the sides of each Federation starship are two...
a) nacelles.
b) sausages.
c) Klingons.
d) flash cameras.
21. At the front of each Federation starship is the...
a) saucer section.
b) plate section.
c) bowling alley and ice cream stand.
d) flying monkeys from "The Wizard of Oz."
22. The USS Enterprise is what class?
a) Constitution-class.
b) Galaxy-class.
c) First-class.
d) Coach, with little kids yelling in the back and bad airline food.
23. The USS Defiant is what class?
a) Defiant-class.
b) Titanic-class.
c) Millennium-Falcon-class.
d) Pancake-class.
24. Klingon Birds-of-Prey look...
a) nothing like birds of prey!
b) like big green seagulls.
c) like my aunt's parakeet.
d) like Christmas tree ornaments.
25. Romulan warbirds look...
a) big and green.
b) invisible because they have cloaking devices.
c) like they have huge noses on the front.
d) What the heck is a warbird?
26. An admiral makes an idiotic decision that turns the ship's computers into spaghetti. You...
a) spit in his face.
b) disdainfully rip the combadge from his chest while he snivels on the floor.
c) slap him with a glove and challenge him to a duel.
d) yell over the com system, "HEY, GUESS WHAT THE ADMIRAL DID!"
27. Never refer to a superior officer as...
a) "possessing the IQ of a Pakled."
b) "clinically dead but still upright."
c) "addicted to chocolate."
d) "babelicious."
28. You can take command when a superior officer...
a) claims that he's Saint Patrick.
b) steals the helmsman's girlfriend.
c) accidently drinks an alien ambassador after mistaking him for a martini.
d) You mean I can take COMMAND?
29. You are asked by a young and inexperienced ensign why you are choosing to pursue an alien warship rather
than holding back. You reply...
a) "Ensign, is it not your job to steer the ship? Yes? And is it not MY job to give the orders? What do you mean, no?"
b) "That's for me to know and you to find out."
c) "Mind your own beeswax!"
d) "Men, club Ensign Bruckley, please."
30. It is a good idea to refer to a superior officer as...
a) "intelligent."
b) "married."
c) "technically alive."
d) "standing right behind you."
31. You should not tell a superior officer...
a) "No, sir."
b) "Stuff it up yours, sir."
c) "Nyahhh nyah nyah nyah!"
d) "Dance! Dance! HAHAHAHAHA!" while firing at the officer's feet.
32. A command uniform is...
a) red.
b) white.
c) blue.
d) a bright yet somehow soothing fluorescent orange.
33. As a Starfleet officer, you are NOT allowed to...
a) wear a Carmen Miranda outfit.
b) wear a chicken suit.
c) wear anything that is a bright yet somehow soothing shade of fluorescent orange.
d) wear anything at all.
34. A security or engineering uniform is...
a) blue.
b) striped.
c) a peculiar shade of baked orange.
d) greasy.
35. Your combadge should be...
a) on your chest.
b) on your torso somewhere.
c) on the ship you are serving on.
d) on the last shore leave planet your ship visited.
36. A medical or counselor's uniform is...
a) blue.
b) polka-dotted.
c) a pecular shade of purple.
d) very bloody.
37. Your rank pips should be...
a) lined up neatly on your collar.
b) in a line on your collar, straight or not.
c) somewhere on your shirt, never mind your collar.
d) under your pillow.
38. A Starfleet uniform should not be...
a) left on the floor.
b) left draped over the captain's chair.
c) sold to criminals intending to use it for evil purposes.
d) left on any primitive planet as a magical piece of cloth from the Ones-Who-Shimmer.
39. A transporter...
a) is a device that takes apart a person and puts them back together elsewhere.
b) is a handy little gadget.
c) glows and hums.
d) Dear Santa, I want a transporter!
40. A warp drive propels a starship faster than...
a) light.
b) a speeding bullet.
c) a computer error.
d) I can't stand to go faster than 75 mph.
41. A phaser fires...
a) a beam of energy.
b) a special effect.
c) a steady stream of nickels.
d) I surrender!
42. In sickbay, your main diagnostic console shuts down in the middle of a battle. Wounded are coming in. You...
a) valiantly rewire the console in an effort to make it work.
b) wail over the com system for the engineer.
c) shout, "I'm a doctor, not a techie!"
d) I don't want to be a doctor, I want to be a captain.
43. When the ship is at warp, the viewscreen shows...
a) stars streaking past.
b) dancing balls of colored light.
c) the annual Vulcan chess contests.
d) "Schinder's List."
44. The ship's sensors...
a) never work when you want them to.
b) can detect a nebula if you work on them for six months.
c) are made of chocolate and maraschino cherries.
d) still haven't found my combadge that I lost last week, and it's the last combadge they're going to let me have for three more months, and I really really need it.
45. When a warp core overloads, it...
a) explodes.
b) is hopefully ejected before it explodes.
c) hiccups.
d) turns into chocolate.
46. You go to a replicator and order a cheese sandwich, but it gives you a mass of reeking, funky-smelling goo
and toast. You...
a) attempt to repair it.
b) call the engineer and wander away.
c) punch it and say a bad word.
d) eat the cheese sandwich because your mother made worse.
47. You use the transporter, but it deposits you on the starbase without your clothes. You...
a) act like a dignified professional.
b) say a bad word.
c) giggle helplessly.
d) run away shrieking and trying to cover yourself with a tricorder.
48. After you and an away team are ambushed, you realize that your tricorder did not register the attackers.
a) take it apart to see what the problem was.
b) smack it and say a bad word.
c) smash it.
d) dunk it into a puddle to teach it a lesson.
49. As an engineer, you start up the warp drive. Unfortunately, it hurls you into another galaxy. How do you
explain this to the captain?
a) With a lot of technobabble?
b) "We just do it again, aimed back at OUR galaxy."
c) "I made a mistake, okay? It happens to everybody, right?"
d) "Please don't hurt me, sir."
50. The Prime Directive says that you should not interfere with the social development of...
a) primitive societies.
b) anybody we don't know yet.
c) weird short people.
d) crabs.
51. If, during an away mission on a primitive planet, you are captured by the alien residents, you...
a) grin big and say, "Hello! Greetings! We come in peace!"
b) point to yourself and the alien in front of you and say slowly, "Me... Tarzan... you... Jane."
c) grab the person next to you and chirp, "Oh look, honey! Natives! Take a picture, quick!"
d) run screaming into the underbrush.
52. You are brought before an alien chieftain. You...
a) refuse to speak because it would violate the Prime Directive.
b) try to communicate in sign language.
c) babble in baby-talk so he can't understand a word.
d) say, "Sorry, Man Friday, no can do. The Federation, a vast alliance of planets, has this fleet that commands me not to say anything about us or the fact that there are worlds other than this one."
53. As a gift, you present the alien chieftain with...
a) a large unshatterable multicolored sculpture.
b) a tricorder, under the impression that they can't hurt themselves with it.
c) an ensign.
d) an admiral in a cage.
54. In return, the alien chieftain offers you two of his wives. You...
a) explain patiently that you cannot accept his wives because of your own beliefs and laws.
b) titter nervously.
c) run away like Monty Python.
d) say, "Sorry, my man, but my wife would kill me if I accepted."
55. You are congratulated by an admiral for bringing these extremely primitive people into friendship with the
Federation. How do you respond?
a) "Thank you, sir!"
b) "Whatever."
c) "It was nothing, sir. Really..."
d) "We were captured. THEY drew up the treaty, sir."
56. You leave the chieftain's hall...
a) in a respectful yet dignified manner.
b) via the transporter.
c) on your knees.
d) with a wink at the chieftain's daughter.
57. A Starfleet officer...
a) defends the Federation, seeks out new life and new civilizations, goes boldly where no one has gone before.
b) serves on a starship.
c) wears a uniform.
d) evidently knows very little about the way my mind works.
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Hundreds of miles of Mountain and Road Biking, Hiking, x-country skiing, snowmobiling, snow shoeing with warming huts. Downhill skiing & snowboarding, ice fishing, hang gliding/para gliding (5 perfect launching spots for the best thermals in the world), horseback riding and hunting, we've got it all in Lake County.
July 5, 6, & 7, 2012 International Festival of Free Flight
July 6 & 7, 2012 Lake County Quilt Show
August 4 & 5, 2012 Tour de Outback


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866 total views, 2 views today
In Northern India, 1929, two siblings turned out to be gravely sick. They both trusted that their ailment was brought about by the perished spouse of one of the siblings. To dispose of the wrathful soul, they sent for the family minister and implored him for his help.The cleric prescribed that the siblings give up goats to the goddess Kali. The siblings, minister, and four goats went into the wilderness to satisfy the sacrifice.
The siblings held up, however their affliction did not leave. Baffled and irate, the siblings required the cleric once more. This time, they took the minister and his associate out to the wilderness and beat them to death as their own particular horrifying penance to Kali. The bodies were tossed into a well.The siblings were captured and discovered blameworthy of murder.
Ghost Look Alike
An Auckland man saw an unusual figure one night in 1910. He shouted to it however got no reaction. Believing that the figure must be an apparition, he got his weapon and shot it. Sadly, he had executed a hard of hearing, quiet neighborhood man.
The superstitious man was captured for murder. At his trial, he clarified that he had never observed a phantom, however he had heard stories about them and felt that the figure oblivious was a decent resemblance of an apparition. The jury acknowledged this clarification and the man was found not blameworthy.
Death Prediction
Anticipating someone else's demise is never something to be thankful for, yet to hit the nail on the head is much more dreadful. In 1887, New Zealand man, Noko, told a neighbor that he would kick the bucket in three days. Beyond any doubt enough, the neighbor kicked the bucket and local people trusted that Noko had reviled the now deceased.
To keep Noko from reviling any other person, local people shot and murdered both Noko and his better half. Their hovel was singed to the ground, and all that remained were scorched corpses.It was later uncovered that the town of 50 or 60 individuals were in concurrence with murdering Noko. They had just moved toward executing Noko, however his significant other woke up. Dreading distinguishing proof, the killers murdered her also.
Outbreak of Cholera
Cholera flare-ups were unnerving. Over portion of the individuals who got it in southern Italy in the mid 1900s would kick the bucket from the malady. The general population of Calabria, Italy in 1911 were advised to take clean measures to keep the sickness. Be that as it may, the plague deteriorated, and soon there were individuals who guaranteed that the neatly measures were the genuine reason for the disease.
Lashing out against the new measures, the leader and his family were killed. A main part of the populace went into the mountains, where they lived one next to the other with their domesticated animals. The individuals who stayed behind drove out the Red Cross.Troops must be sent into settle the populace and motivate them to acknowledge the new measures to stop the spread of cholera.
Blood On The Railroad
A railroad was being worked through southern China, and in one town, bits of gossip began to spread about the rail route laborers. It was being said that the specialists were capturing villagers and yielding them. Blood was being spilt on the rail routes to conciliate the spirits over the working of the railroad.
The villagers developed so steamed, as per a report in 1935, that they assaulted and murdered 16 rail line laborers. The specialists were either pounded the life out of or they were suffocated. One laborer was choked by wire.The railroad watches needed to come and capture four "instigators" who began the gossipy tidbits to resume take a shot at the rail route.
The Cattle Bewitched
In December 1900, two youthful French men from Angers got it into their heads that their steers kicked the bucket from the hostile stare. They trusted that a 72-year-old man was the guilty party and were resolved to put a conclusion to the sorcerer.As ruthlessly as would be prudent, the two workers hit the old man with a stick until he was on the ground.
They fell upon him with blades and wounded him through the heart and about separated his head. The men asserted this was the best way to make certain the alchemist would not return to life.Surprisingly, local people of Angers were in favor of the young fellows. Magicians must be managed quickly and mercilessly.


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The Mind-Blowing Trailer For AVENGERS: INFINITY WAR Has Exploded Online!
It's finally here! Marvel has unleashed the first official trailer for Avengers: Infinity War and it's probably gonna make your head explode, so I hope you have your affairs in order. This movie looks absolutely amazing and this is only just the first part of a two-part arc that will continue with Avengers 4!
This trailer made me so freakin' happy and ecstatic! I need to see this movie now! And in case you're wondering, the trailer is filled with a ton of new footage that was not a part of the footage previously screened at Comic-Con and D23. Ok... just watch the trailer!
As the Avengers and their allies have continued to protect the world from threats too large for any one hero to handle, a new danger has emerged from the cosmic shadows: Thanos. A despot of intergalactic infamy, his goal is to collect all six Infinity Stones, artifacts of unimaginable power, and use them to inflict his twisted will on all of reality. Everything the Avengers have fought for has led up to this moment - the fate of Earth and existence itself has never been more uncertain.
Avengers: Infinity War was Directed by Joe and Anthony Russo, and it also stars Robert Downey Jr., Josh Brolin, Mark Ruffalo, Tom Hiddleston, Chris Hemsworth, Jeremy Renner, Chris Pratt, Elizabeth Olsen, Sebastian Stan, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Bettany, Samuel L. Jackson, Cobie Smulders, Benedict Wong, Zoe Saldana, Karen Gillan, Vin Diesel, Dave Bautista, Pom Klementieff, and Tom Holland.
Avengers: Infinity War is set to open on May 4, 2018.


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What's happening, how we're helping
There is bad news - natural disasters, countless stories of communities trapped in poverty, but there is also good news - of Rotarians and the public of New Zealand giving and some volunteering their time to make a difference.
Project: Water for Life in Fiji
Clean water and sanitation are vital to health. In Fiji we've been targeting 22 communities that are experiencing severe hardship mainly because they don't have access to clean water for their drinking, cleaning and cooking needs.
For the past decade, Rotary New Zealand has partnered with Rotary Pacific Water for Life to provide clean and reliable water sources to 8 villages, 9 settlements and 5 primary schools. With support from the New Zealand government, further financial support has now been guaranteed until March 2017.
The water and sanitation projects make a huge difference to the villagers' health. Having safe water close at hand means that the women and children no longer have to walk long distances to fetch water from creeks and streams that may be contaminated. Clean water and sanitation reduce the risk of people becoming ill and possibly dying from water-borne diseases and diarrhoea.
Children really benefit when water and sanitation in schools are improved. Where schools used to have to close when water ran out or sewage systems failed, now they can remain open all the time.
These projects are just three of those undertaken by New Zealand Rotarians, volunteers and partners.
Do contact us if you have stories and photos you would like to share via this website. Please include your name, email and/or physical address, Rotary club (if applicable) and daytime phone number.
Dave Wilson and his wife Margaret have spent years making sure that families caught in disasters have the essentials they need. Years of selfless service saw him profiled as a Good Sort on television. Dave - you've well and truly earned the title and a long overdue holiday.
Volunteers: Kits for the Pacific
Since 2007 Rotary New Zealand has distributed 5,588 Emergency Response Kits (ERKs) to countries in the Pacific - the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu. None of this would be possible without the hard work of our volunteers - Rotarians, their families and friends.
Packed in a warehouse in Panmure, Auckland, the ERKs are sent by sea to secure places in the Pacific where they can be accessed at short notice in the event of a natural disaster such as a cyclone, earthquake or tsunami.
In June and July this year, 322 volunteers filled 2 6-metre containers with 598 ERKs, 148 of which are now bound for Samoa. Last year's stock is now in Tonga to replace the Kits that were distributed to families after Cyclone Gita hit in February 2018.
After so many years of experience, ERK packing is a highly organised activity that takes 40 hours to complete. While it's demanding work, it's also a time to enjoy the company of others who all have a common purpose - helping Pacific communities when disaster strikes.
Thank you to our dedicated volunteers and donors who make our ERK initiative possible.
Changing Lives: School build gets boost
A long-term building programme on Taveuni Island in Fiji was given a real boost when volunteers from three New Zealand Rotary clubs arrived to help. The major construction programme is managed by the Rotary Club of Taveuni. 16 school teachers' houses have already been built and now a further 12 are planned plus 6 twin classroom blocks at various schools.
The Club employs a crew of local builders, but it's a big workload and when the volunteers lend a hand, it not only accelerates the build, it also saves money.
All buildings are constructed to withstand the devastating effects of cyclones.
Volunteers this time included members from the Nelson, Whakatu and Taradale Rotary Clubs. Twelve months earlier, one of the volunteer Rotarians from Nelson had taken four non-Rotarian volunteers from Auckland to the Island to help build a school teacher's house at Nuisawa school. It was this first very positive experience that led to the latest trip, a much larger exercise.
Accommodation for the volunteers was in a guest house belonging to the local Rotary Club's construction manager. Every day, the team drove 45 minutes over rough, pot-holed roads to reach the construction site in Lavena village. The school teacher's house already had its exterior cladding and roof on, so the team completed the partition walls, installed wall linings, fitted windows and painted all surfaces. The local building crew were also on site, accommodated in the village. A real team effort and a rewarding experience for all.


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If you're looking to make your way from Encarnación, Paraguay to Posadas, Argentina with public transport, then this is the post for you.
Here's our overview on the costs, the transport options and the typical journey times.
It is worth noting that on our border crossing, we trusted the word of our hostel who said it would only take around 20 minutes to reach the bus terminal in Argentina. This was a wild underestimation however, which resulted in us missing a long-distance bus to Tucuman. So, trust us when we tell you to bargain at least 1.5 hours of travel time from pick-up in Paraguay to drop-off in Argentina.
#1 catch the bus in Encarnacion
To make it to the border, take the local white bus marked 'Internacional' for 7 guarani per person. It's a frequent international service between Paraguay and Argentina, with multiple departures in the hour. We caught it on Juan Leon Mallorquin street, but your best option is to wait for it outside the main bus terminal at one of the little shelters (don't try and catch it IN the terminal, it only passes by the outside).
cost: 7000G / $1.25 / £0.88 per person | time: 30 minutes, depending on traffic.
#2 disembark at paraguayan migration
You will need to remind your driver that you want to get dropped off at 'migracion' or 'la frontera' when you get on the bus but, additionally, you might need to remind him again once you're actually approaching the migration check-point.
Get off at Paraguayan migration and collect your exit stamp - there are no exit fees. The bus will not wait for you, so you'll need to wait for the next one to pass by (again, they arrive fairly frequently).
Show your original ticket to the driver and you should not have to pay again.
cost: same ticket | time: 15 minutes (5 minutes at immigration, 10 minutes to border due to traffic)
#3 arrive at Argentinian migration
After a short drive, the bus will stop at the Argentinian border control and everyone will get off. It's a very busy crossing, so there may be queues, but thankfully it's pretty well-staffed.
Once you've got your Argentina entry stamp (be sure to check your nationality's specific entry requirements beforehand and make any necessary payment or visa arrangements), then you should find the same bus which dropped you off waiting at the other side of the offices.
If it has already left then, again, just get on the next one running the same route and show your original ticket.
cost: free for British passport holders | time: 10 - 30 minutes at immigration (depending on queue)
**Due to the fact that our hostel had given us bad information regarding the travel time, we checked with taxi drivers at this part of the border about the cost of a taxi to the bus station - the best offer was $100 Argentinian Pesos, and that was with good Spanish and a lot of arguing. We'd therefore strongly recommend against this option.
#4 travel on to posadas bus station
The bus ride from the border to Posadas bus station should take around half an hour depending on how many people get on/off along the way, and whilst the driver should announce your arrival at the station, he may, again, not be that helpful. It is therefore advisable to do like we did, and ask a local to give you a heads up when you're near - the station is not the final stop on this route so make sure you're paying attention as it would be easy to miss it.
cost: same bus ticket | time: 30 minutes to bus station
#5 onward travel to resistencia, tucaman and other argentine cities
The bus station is pretty big and set across two floors. The night before making this border run, it makes sense for you to check the departure times and connections from Posadas to other destinations in Argentina. Platforma Diez and Omnilineas are the best options, although they don't list every single service available.
If you face a long wait for your connection, there are are a few cafes in the terminal for you to grab a meal and kill some time.
Route overview
1 - Bus from Encarnacion to Paraguay immigration | cost: 7000G | 20 minutes
2 - Immigration at both borders | free for British citizens | 25 - 45 minutes
3 - Bus from Argentinian border to Posadas bus station | cost: same bus ticket | 30 minutes
total cost per person: 7000G / $1.25 / £0.89 | travel time: 75 mins - 95 mins


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GWIMS Toolkit
The GWIMS Toolkit is a series of presentations designed to provide practical guidance on a variety of topics relevant to women faculty in academic medicine. Each presentation provides an overview of the topic, relevant best practices, tips on implementation, and useful references for more information. We encourage you to share these resources with interested colleagues at your organization.
GWIMS Toolkit Volumes and Chapters:
Volume 1: Leveraging Your Career
Chapter 1: Managing through Teamwork for Maximum Performance (Judy Weber)
Chapter 2: Crafting a Fundable Grant (Emina Huang)
Chapter 3: Workshop Preparation and Presentation (Carla Spagnoletti, Rachel Bonnema, Melissa McNeil, Abby Spencer, & Megan McNamara)
Chapter 4: Crafting Successful Award Nominations
Chapter 5: Part-time Faculty in Academic Medicine, Individual and Institutional Advantages (Linda Chaudron, Susan Pollart & Aimee Grover)
Chapter 6: Writing an Effective Executive Summary (Roberta Sonnino)
Chapter 7: Mentoring Women- A Guide for Mentors (Mary Lou Voytko & Joan Lakoski)
Chapter 8: Mentoring Women- A Guide for Mentees (Mary Lou Voytko & Joan Lakoski)
Chapter 9: Strategies for Cultivating Career Satisfaction and Success through Negotiation (Reshma Jagsi, Martha Gulati, & Rochelle DeCastro Jones)
Chapter 10: A Case Study: Creative Faculty Development through your GWIMS Office (Catherine Lynch)
Chapter 11: Transitioning to a New Role: Practical Tips on Navigating From One Chapter to the Next (Archana Chatterjee,Meenakshi Singh, Roberta Sonnino)
Chapter 12: Strategies for Advancing the Careers of Women of Color in Academic Medicine- Individual Strategies (Archana Chatterjee, Chiquita Collins, Linda Chaudron, Barbara Fivush, Laura Castillo-Page, Diana Lautenberger, Ashleigh Moses)
Chapter 13: A Guide to Prepare for Your First Job in Academic Medicine (Marin Gillis, Lori Wagner, Catherine Dayton, Allison Quick, Gwen McIntosh, Julie Lockman, Julie Boiko, Nicole Redmond, Rebecca Ganetzky, Erin E Medlin, Michele Kutzler, Diann Krywko, Reena Bhatt, Kelly Quesnelle, Robyn Gray, Julie C. Servoss, Simone Thavaseelan & Cynthia Fuhrmann)
Chapter 14: Caretaking in Academic Medicine: From pregnancy through early parenting (Allison W. Brindle, Delma-Jean Watts, Ilse Jenouri. Jamie Wooldridge, Jennifer L. Cook, Kelsey Logan, Lynn K Gordon, Mascha van 't Wout, Nancy Swords Jenny, Parul N. Barry, Rebecca Cherry & Shobha W. Stack)
Chapter 15: Is Your Salary Equitable? A guide for individual faculty (Carol Bates, Cynthia Brown, Rita Coram, Elizabeth Cuevas, Rhonda Mattingly, Poonam Sharma, Beena Sood, Simone Thavaseelan, Tracy S. Wang)
Volume 2: Institutional Strategies for Advancing Women in Medicine
Chapter 1: How to Start and Maintain a Robust WIMS Organization (Julie Wei & Paige Geiger)
Chapter 2: Equity: Defining, Exploring, and Sharing Best Practices for Gender Equity in Academic Medicine (Diana Lautenberger & Ashleigh Moses)
Chapter 3: Women's Leadership and the Impact of Gender (Toi Blakley Harris, Susan Pepin, & Amelia Grover)
Chapter 4: Implementing an Intensive Career Development Program for Women Faculty (Tamara Nowling, Elizabeth Travis, Abby Mitchell, Mugé Simsek, Erin McClure)
Chapter 5: Strategies for Advancing the Careers of Women of Color in Academic Medicine- Institutional Strategies (Archana Chatterjee, Chiquita Collins, Linda Chaudron, Barbara Fivush, Laura Castillo-Page, Diana Lautenberger, Ashleigh Moses)
Chapter 6: Equity in Promotion (Toi Blakley Harris, Maria Baggstrom, Melissa Bauman, Camille Clare, Libby Ellinas, Magali Fassiotto, Elizabeth Gillespie, Kathy Griendling, Richelle Koopman, Linda Nelson, Jennifer Sasser & Nancy Spector)
Chapter 7: Equity in Recruitment: Your Go To Equity Guide for Recruitment: Positions, Committees, and Speakership (Marisha Burden, Amira del Pino-Jones, Michelle Shafer, Sangini Sheth, Kathryn Rexrode)
Toolkit submissions are authored by GWIMS members. We welcome submissions and topic ideas from the GWIMS community. Presentations should be:
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In Exchange 2007, we have concept of shared mailbox recipient type. When we create a mailbox as 'shared' it creates a disabled active directory account to which the mailbox is connected. Shared mailboxes do not have an associated password so we must grant mailbox permissions for the users requiring access to that mailbox.
- Disabled accounts act as a security measure.
- Since the user account is disabled by default no initial password is required.
- If desired, existing mailboxes can be converted to shared mailboxes. Users can still be able to access emails and continue to receive emails on that mailbox.
- Will let the users to continue their operations more or less the same way.
- No need to setup Distributions Lists on account of closure of their respective generic accounts.


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A comfortable sofa that converts into a bed in seconds with superior quality, with soft beautiful fabric.
The Snug sofa bed is available in 2 colours; light stone grey and grey and features a solid wooden frame and quality fabric makes the snug sofa bed a long-lasting centrepiece.
As SofaHeight: 845mm
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9) To receive the free gift the item must first be delivered into our warehouse.


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For such a time as this.
Find a comfortable place where you will not be disturbed. Read the passage below slowly and deliberately. What "jumps out at you"? What stands out? What do you have a hard time with or what resonates with you?
~consider reading the passage aloud
Read the passage again. Either after the first time, later the same day or on a different day. What questions arise from this reading? What did you notice in this reading that you didn't earlier? What is happening? Is the reading one consistent section or can be broken up into different parts? Note the people and places named - have you heard of them before?
What do you know about the book of Esther?
This is a story - think of the characters: the King, Mordecai, Esther, Vashti, Haman. What motivates them? How would you describe them?
This is a story about power. Who has power and who does not so far in the story?
What other Bible stories about changes in power?
Chapter 1
1This happened in the days of Ahasuerus, the same Ahasuerus who ruled over one hundred and twenty-seven provinces from India to Ethiopia. 2In those days when King Ahasuerus sat on his royal throne in the citadel of Susa, 3in the third year of his reign, he gave a banquet for all his officials and ministers. The army of Persia and Media and the nobles and governors of the provinces were present, 4while he displayed the great wealth of his kingdom and the splendour and pomp of his majesty for many days, one hundred and eighty days in all.
5 When these days were completed, the king gave for all the people present in the citadel of Susa, both great and small, a banquet lasting for seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace. 6There were white cotton curtains and blue hangings tied with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and marble pillars. There were couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and coloured stones. 7Drinks were served in golden goblets, goblets of different kinds, and the royal wine was lavished in accordance with the bounty of the king. 8Drinking was by flagons, without restraint; for the king had given orders to all the officials of his palace to do as each one desired. 9Furthermore, Queen Vashti gave a banquet for the women in the palace of King Ahasuerus.
10 On the seventh day, when the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha and Abagtha, Zethar and Carkas, the seven eunuchs who attended him, 11to bring Queen Vashti before the king, wearing the royal crown, in order to show the peoples and the officials her beauty; for she was fair to behold. 12But Queen Vashti refused to come at the king's command conveyed by the eunuchs. At this the king was enraged, and his anger burned within him.
13 Then the king consulted the sages who knew the laws (for this was the king's procedure towards all who were versed in law and custom, 14and those next to him were Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven officials of Persia and Media, who had access to the king, and sat first in the kingdom): 15'According to the law, what is to be done to Queen Vashti because she has not performed the command of King Ahasuerus conveyed by the eunuchs?' 16Then Memucan said in the presence of the king and the officials, 'Not only has Queen Vashti done wrong to the king, but also to all the officials and all the peoples who are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus. 17For this deed of the queen will be made known to all women, causing them to look with contempt on their husbands, since they will say, "King Ahasuerus commanded Queen Vashti to be brought before him, and she did not come." 18This very day the noble ladies of Persia and Media who have heard of the queen's behaviour will rebel against the king's officials, and there will be no end of contempt and wrath! 19If it pleases the king, let a royal order go out from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes so that it may not be altered, that Vashti is never again to come before King Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal position to another who is better than she. 20So when the decree made by the king is proclaimed throughout all his kingdom, vast as it is, all women will give honour to their husbands, high and low alike.'
21 This advice pleased the king and the officials, and the king did as Memucan proposed; 22he sent letters to all the royal provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people in its own language, declaring that every man should be master in his own house.
Chapter 2
1After these things, when the anger of King Ahasuerus had abated, he remembered Vashti and what she had done and what had been decreed against her. 2Then the king's servants who attended him said, 'Let beautiful young virgins be sought out for the king. 3And let the king appoint commissioners in all the provinces of his kingdom to gather all the beautiful young virgins to the harem in the citadel of Susa under the custody of Hegai, the king's eunuch, who is in charge of the women; let their cosmetic treatments be given them. 4And let the girl who pleases the king be queen instead of Vashti.' This pleased the king, and he did so.
5 Now there was a Jew in the citadel of Susa whose name was Mordecai son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish, a Benjaminite. 6Kish had been carried away from Jerusalem among the captives carried away with King Jeconiah of Judah, whom King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon had carried away. 7Mordecai had brought up Hadassah, that is Esther, his cousin, for she had neither father nor mother; the girl was fair and beautiful, and when her father and her mother died, Mordecai adopted her as his own daughter. 8So when the king's order and his edict were proclaimed, and when many young women were gathered in the citadel of Susa in the custody of Hegai, Esther also was taken into the king's palace and put in the custody of Hegai, who had charge of the women. 9The girl pleased him and won his favour, and he quickly provided her with her cosmetic treatments and her portion of food, and with seven chosen maids from the king's palace, and advanced her and her maids to the best place in the harem. 10Esther did not reveal her people or kindred, for Mordecai had charged her not to tell. 11Every day Mordecai would walk around in front of the court of the harem, to learn how Esther was and how she fared.
12 The turn came for each girl to go in to King Ahasuerus, after being twelve months under the regulations for the women, since this was the regular period of their cosmetic treatment, six months with oil of myrrh and six months with perfumes and cosmetics for women. 13When the girl went in to the king she was given whatever she asked for to take with her from the harem to the king's palace. 14In the evening she went in; then in the morning she came back to the second harem in the custody of Shaashgaz, the king's eunuch, who was in charge of the concubines; she did not go in to the king again, unless the king delighted in her and she was summoned by name.
15 When the turn came for Esther daughter of Abihail the uncle of Mordecai, who had adopted her as his own daughter, to go in to the king, she asked for nothing except what Hegai the king's eunuch, who had charge of the women, advised. Now Esther was admired by all who saw her. 16When Esther was taken to King Ahasuerus in his royal palace in the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign, 17the king loved Esther more than all the other women; of all the virgins she won his favour and devotion, so that he set the royal crown on her head and made her queen instead of Vashti. 18Then the king gave a great banquet to all his officials and ministers—'Esther's banquet.' He also granted a holiday to the provinces, and gave gifts with royal liberality.
19 When the virgins were being gathered together, Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate. 20Now Esther had not revealed her kindred or her people, as Mordecai had charged her; for Esther obeyed Mordecai just as when she was brought up by him. 21In those days, while Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate, Bigthan and Teresh, two of the king's eunuchs, who guarded the threshold, became angry and conspired to assassinateKing Ahasuerus. 22But the matter came to the knowledge of Mordecai, and he told it to Queen Esther, and Esther told the king in the name of Mordecai. 23When the affair was investigated and found to be so, both the men were hanged on the gallows. It was recorded in the book of the annals in the presence of the king.
Chapter 3
1 After these things King Ahasuerus promoted Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him and set his seat above all the officials who were with him. 2And all the king's servants who were at the king's gate bowed down and did obeisance to Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. But Mordecai did not bow down or do obeisance. 3Then the king's servants who were at the king's gate said to Mordecai, 'Why do you disobey the king's command?' 4When they spoke to him day after day and he would not listen to them, they told Haman, in order to see whether Mordecai's words would avail; for he had told them that he was a Jew. 5When Haman saw that Mordecai did not bow down or do obeisance to him, Haman was infuriated. 6But he thought it beneath him to lay hands on Mordecai alone. So, having been told who Mordecai's people were, Haman plotted to destroy all the Jews, the people of Mordecai, throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus.
7 In the first month, which is the month of Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast Pur—which means 'the lot'—before Haman for the day and for the month, and the lot fell on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar. 8Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus, 'There is a certain people scattered and separated among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom; their laws are different from those of every other people, and they do not keep the king's laws, so that it is not appropriate for the king to tolerate them. 9If it pleases the king, let a decree be issued for their destruction, and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who have charge of the king's business, so that they may put it into the king's treasuries.' 10So the king took his signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews. 11The king said to Haman, 'The money is given to you, and the people as well, to do with them as it seems good to you.'
12 Then the king's secretaries were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and an edict, according to all that Haman commanded, was written to the king's satraps and to the governors over all the provinces and to the officials of all the peoples, to every province in its own script and every people in its own language; it was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king's ring. 13Letters were sent by couriers to all the king's provinces, giving orders to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all Jews, young and old, women and children, in one day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, and to plunder their goods. 14A copy of the document was to be issued as a decree in every province by proclamation, calling on all the peoples to be ready for that day. 15The couriers went quickly by order of the king, and the decree was issued in the citadel of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Susa was thrown into confusion.
Chapter 4
1 When Mordecai learned all that had been done, Mordecai tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes, and went through the city, wailing with a loud and bitter cry; 2he went up to the entrance of the king's gate, for no one might enter the king's gate clothed with sackcloth.3In every province, wherever the king's command and his decree came, there was great mourning among the Jews, with fasting and weeping and lamenting, and most of them lay in sackcloth and ashes.
4 When Esther's maids and her eunuchs came and told her, the queen was deeply distressed; she sent garments to clothe Mordecai, so that he might take off his sackcloth; but he would not accept them. 5Then Esther called for Hathach, one of the king's eunuchs, who had been appointed to attend her, and ordered him to go to Mordecai to learn what was happening and why. 6Hathach went out to Mordecai in the open square of the city in front of the king's gate, 7and Mordecai told him all that had happened to him, and the exact sum of money that Haman had promised to pay into the king's treasuries for the destruction of the Jews. 8Mordecai also gave him a copy of the written decree issued in Susa for their destruction, that he might show it to Esther, explain it to her, and charge her to go to the king to make supplication to him and entreat him for her people.
9 Hathach went and told Esther what Mordecai had said. 10Then Esther spoke to Hathach and gave him a message for Mordecai, saying, 11'All the king's servants and the people of the king's provinces know that if any man or woman goes to the king inside the inner court without being called, there is but one law—all alike are to be put to death. Only if the king holds out the golden sceptre to someone, may that person live. I myself have not been called to come in to the king for thirty days.'12When they told Mordecai what Esther had said, 13Mordecai told them to reply to Esther, 'Do not think that in the king's palace you will escape any more than all the other Jews. 14For if you keep silence at such a time as this, relief and deliverance will rise for the Jews from another quarter, but you and your father's family will perish. Who knows? Perhaps you have come to royal dignity for just such a time as this.' 15Then Esther said in reply to Mordecai, 16'Go, gather all the Jews to be found in Susa, and hold a fast on my behalf, and neither eat nor drink for three days, night or day. I and my maids will also fast as you do. After that I will go to the king, though it is against the law; and if I perish, I perish.' 17Mordecai then went away and did everything as Esther had ordered him.
Chapter 5
1On the third day Esther put on her royal robes and stood in the inner court of the king's palace, opposite the king's hall. The king was sitting on his royal throne inside the palace opposite the entrance to the palace.2As soon as the king saw Queen Esther standing in the court, she won his favour and he held out to her the golden sceptre that was in his hand. Then Esther approached and touched the top of the sceptre. 3 The king said to her, 'What is it, Queen Esther? What is your request? It shall be given you, even to the half of my kingdom.' 4 Then Esther said, 'If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come today to a banquet that I have prepared for the king.' 5Then the king said, 'Bring Haman quickly, so that we may do as Esther desires.' So the king and Haman came to the banquet that Esther had prepared. 6 While they were drinking wine, the king said to Esther, 'What is your petition? It shall be granted you. And what is your request? Even to the half of my kingdom, it shall be fulfilled.'
For copyright reasons, a maximum of 83 verses may be displayed. A further 28 verses have been omitted. Please read these in your own Bible.
New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicized Edition, copyright © 1989, 1995 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. http://nrsvbibles.org


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Located near: Located in the heart of Chinatown, 5footway.inn Project Chinatown 1 is a mere few steps away from Chinatown MRT Station. Popular attractions located nearby are the historical Sri Mariamman Temple, Maxwell Food Centre and Red Dot Museum.
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Saxon Reef
Saxon reef is one of the outer reefs of the Greater Barrier Reefs.
You will often see her linked to two nearby sister reefs, Norman and Hastings, which she sits between.
Saxon Reef is like a little sister, always around but no one pays that much attention to.
Then someone discovers what a gem she is. Saxon is a gem. Smaller than her sisters being only about 1.7 kilometres long and about 750 meters at its widest point.
There are seven prime dive sites around the reef, six on the leeward side and one on the windward side.
The moorings are well spaced and offer a range of different conditions. With the small number of moorings, not as many dive operators visit the reef.
Leaving a pristine reef without crowds for those who do dive it.
While there are differences between each dive site overall the reef is known for its large coral heads and the amount of hard coral coverage.
Stag coral gardens, which are very impressive, are a dominate feature on the reef as are the table coral.
Hard coral coverage exceeds 30% on many of the dive sites.
While soft corals are generally more colorful on the reef, the hard coral help provide protection to many species of juvenile fish.
Some fish, such as the parrot fish, use the hard coral as a source of food.
The hard corals are also the building blocks of the reef.
A reef with a healthy hard coral community that is expanding, is providing the means for the reef to continue to grow.
Diving At Saxon Reef
It is very difficult to describe a dive on a reef such as Saxon Reef.
The emotional impact is so great that words often fail us.
She has many of the same features and marine life that the Norman reef does and Norman reef is considered one of the best in the Great Barrier Reef park.
We will give a brief glimpse at a few of the dive sites.
The Twin Peaks dive site sits just off the main reef. It consist of two Brommies sitting next to each other.
They are close enough together to create a swim through. A good site for both divers and snorkelers as the top of the Bommie provide a range of different corals and fish.
The Reef Magic/ Magic Wall dive site sits at the northern most mooring.
It depends on who you talk with or whose diving brochure you read if this is two separate sites or two names for one site.
Going south of the mooring and you will find many stoney corals (Porites sp. Massive) mixed with a variety of soft corals.
The reef offers a number of coral platforms with an array of sea life.
Going north from the mooring and then around an outcrop and heading northeast brings you to a different environment.
It is extremely important that you get a full briefing if you are planning to go in that direction.
Depending on the currents this can be a very challenging dive.
Also remember that tides and therefore the currents associated with them turn quickly.
So a calm dive along the reef edge can quickly turn into a drift dive going the wrong direction.
The coral garden located about the middle of the back of the reef is a shallow site and is a perfect place for new snorkelers.
You can just float in place and see all the wonders of the reef.
Scuba Divers can drop over the reef edge and find some passages among the coral.
Look closely and you may see some sleeping reef sharks.
As mentioned not all the dive operators visit this reef. Only four operators have private moorings here.
The Cairns based liveaboard dive boat, MV Reef Encounter, will conduct night dives at times on this reef.
The only way to dive this reef at night is by a Liveaboard. Combining this reef with her two sisters is an excellent range of dive sites.


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This post was first published on May 11 2014 and I updated it today, January 20 2015
On July 1, 2014 Canada's Anti – Spam Legislation (CASL) went into effect and brought clarity about the definition of SPAM to Canadians . The considerable fines give it some teeth while some of the interpretations will probably keep a number of legal professionals busy for a while.
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CASL brought the current laws closer to US standards and define what constitutes SPAM
One of the biggest changes is the inclusion of all electronic messages and not only email. It introduced the term "commercial electronic message' CEM
CASL applies to a commercial electronic message (CEM) sent by any medium.
They don't look at the sender, they look at the message, and it is technology neutral," Ms. Babe of Miller Thomson says. "If you use social media to merely post an item, fine. If you use your LinkedIn, Facebook or Twitter account to send an e-mail to another person, which is commercial in nature, then it is a CEM under CASL.
In my words this means that any message that sent with the intent to sell something (including those by nonprofits and charities) fall under the new law.
As of July 1st all Social Media Marketing messages will have to conform to CASL even if they originate outside of Canada
CASL applies to most forms of electronic messaging, including email, SMS text messages, and certain forms of messages sent via social networking. Voice and fax messages are excluded, as they are covered by the Unsolicited Telecommunications Rules. The law applies broadly to any CEM that is sent from or accessed by a computer system located in Canada.
The second term we have to look at is "consent"
"CASL creates a permission-based regime, meaning that, subject to specific exclusions, consent is required before sending a CEM. Consent can either be express or implied.
In order to obtain express consent the sender must:
- clearly describe the purpose(s) for requesting consent;
- provide the name of the person seeking consent, and identify on whose behalf consent is sought, if different;
- provide contact information for either of those persons (mailing address and either a telephone number, email address of web address); and,
- indicate that the recipient can unsubscribe.
The CRTC has stated that, in its opinion, a pre-checked box cannot be used to obtain express consent."
CASL provides that consent may be implied in any of the following four circumstances:
- the sender and recipient have an existing business relationship (e.g., the recipient has made a purchase within the past two years, or an inquiry within the past two months);
- the sender and recipient have an existing non-business relationship;
- the recipient has conspicuously published their electronic address(e.g., on a website), has not expressly stated that they do not wish to receive unsolicited messages, and the message is related to the recipient's professional capacity; or,
- the recipient has disclosed their electronic address directly to the sender, has not expressly stated that they do not wish to receive unsolicited messages, and the message is related to the recipient's business or official capacity.
~NNovation LLP
There is a lot of confusion about this right now and we will see how this can and will be enforced.
In my next CASL post I will go deeper into the impact of the law on email messages and your email list.
But for now let's explore how CASL will effect the way we use LinkedIn and LinkedIn messages in particular.
- It is clear to me that LinkedIn messages fall under CASL in the same way as emails do
- It is my opinion that regular messages sent between 1st level connections can be seen as at least having "implied consent" because
- You have to agree to be connected to someone
- There is a clear process of severing a connection to someone
- InMail (LinkedIn's internal messaging system) is a different story
- Agreeing to be connected on LinkedIn does not mean permission to send sales letters
- Members can opt out of receiving InMail but can not opt out of receiving messages from an individual
I hope that LinkedIn Canada will bring clarity in this matter soon. There is a period of two years where at least messages to your connections could be considered "implied consent" because a person agreed to be connected with you and therefore has a "business or personal relationship" with you.
LinkedIn needs to establish a clear way of obtaining "express consent"!
The Canadian Anti-Spam Legislation forces us to reevaluate the way we approach potential customers. As business people we have to spend more energy building relationships before we pitch a sale. I have to assume that most small business people don't intentionally send out SPAM but we all have to re-think the definition of the term. Most of the time we think only about our intention and not how it is received on the other end.
As of July 1, 2014 CASL demands that all commercial electronic messages (CEM) sent to a computer in Canada require consent. This consent can be "implied" but have to be converted to "express consent" within 2 years.
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How will CASL change the way you work?
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Photo credit: licensed at depositphotos.com
Resources about CASL - Canadian Anti Spam Legislation
Source: https://businessbluebird.com/canada-anti-spam-legislation-casl-linkedin/
CASL (Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation) comes into effect on July 1, 2014. Penalties for not complying with CASL will be harsh. The penalties are intended to deter companies from sending spam or sending messages to contacts who have not provided their consent.
A Plan for CASL Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL) comes into effect on July 1, 2014. CASL regulates how you can send commercial electronic messages (CEMs). Many businesses are worried about making their electronic communications CASL compliant, as the fines for sending spam are going to be hefty.
We have all been the victims of "spam" at some point in our lives. It is almost daily that we receive some form of unsolicited e-mail message attempting to get us to buy something that we are not very interested in.
There are serious consequences for non-compliance By Sylvia Kingsmill You know the feeling: you check your email to find a laundry list of emails from various companies that you may or may not have dealt with in the past. Or a text pings on your smartphone ― and it's unwanted spam.
Why You Should Care about Canada's Anti-Spam Law It may only be early January, but there's new Canadian Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL) coming down the pike in July that all email marketers should have on their collective radar.
Small businesses are scrambling to make sure they're compliant with new anti-spam legislation taking effect on July 1 that will impact how they drum up future sales. Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL) is a tough new law meant to crack down on unwanted e-mail and texts, and it will apply to companies and organizations worldwide.
Recruiters take quite a bit of heat from those in the tech community based on what many refer to as LinkedIn spam, and the definition of spam within LinkedIn's context seems to be fairly wide. Recruiter shaming in public forums and blog posts about making ridiculous demands or nasty responses when being presented a potential opportunity...
As of July 2014, B2B email marketers will be faced with serious challenges when it comes to communication with potential clients. Get a head start on finding a workaround for this change. Canada's new Anti-Spam legislation (CASL) takes effect July 1, 2014.
Article by Sharon E. Groom and Amrita Mann, student at law On July 1, 2014, Bill C-28 which is Canada's anti-spam law ("CASL") will finally come into force. Industry Canada's final regulations were released on December 4, 2013 and so we now have a clear picture of what the rules are.
Anti-spam Legislation
January 31, 2014 Canada's new Anti-Spam Law - By:Steven Weiss All businesses that send out electronic messages to or from Canada need to prepare for Canada's Anti-Spam Law (CASL) which will become effective as at July 1, 2014.
Overview and status (last updated: April, 2014) Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL), which was passed in 2010, establishes rules for sending commercial electronic messages (CEMs) as well as the installation of computer programs, and prohibits the unauthorized alteration of transmission data.
On July 1, 2014 Canada's Anti - Spam Legislation (CASL) goes into effect and will bring clarity about the definition of SPAM to Canadians . The considerable fines give it some teeth while some of the interpretations will probably keep a number of legal professionals busy for a while.
Making sure the people who get your marketing emails have explicitly asked to receive them is best practice anyway. But a new anti-spam law going into effect in Canada over the next few months makes it even more of a necessity. And, yes, it could impact small businesses in the U.S.
Earlier this fall, Constant Contact hosted the first of a multi-part webinar series, "Opt-in Canada!," to help small business and nonprofits understand Canada's new Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL) and the steps they need to take to ensure continued marketing success. CASL will impact Canadian marketers. And will also impact anyone marketing to Canadian consumers.
Guest post by: Shaun Brown In the Regulatory Impact Analysis Statement (RIAS) accompanying the final Industry Canada regulations under CASL, Industry Canada stated that In some cases, where there is neither an exclusion nor any form of consent under CASL, some businesses that may have been compliant with PIPEDA when seeking consent to collect or to use electronic addresses to send commercial electronic messages may no longer be able to contact those addresses under CASL.
On July 1st the Canada Anti-Spam Legislation will come into effect with new rules and hefty, potential fines. I have written a couple of posts about this already: Don't Get Caught - Canada Anti-Spam Legislation and LinkedIn Webinar Recording: The Canadian Anti-SPAM Legislation Canada's New Anti-Spam Legislation has Some Teeth And I have collected a list of CASL resources that I will share at the end of this article.
June 19, 2014 There has been a lot of talk in the media of late about the new Canadian anti-spam legislation. Numerous stories have been reported in the media, with the result being that business owners are panicked and scrambling, fearing a multi-million dollar lawsuit that would sink nearly any business.


text: Douglas V. AllingDoug is a shareholder at Smith Alling, P.S. The first six years of his practice he focused on business and tax planning for small and medium size businesses. For the last 25 years, Doug has practiced all phases of litigation, including mediation, arbitration, land use, administrative hearings and trials. He has tried cases to juries, the bench, arbitrators and government agencies, including the United States District Court, Washington Supreme Court, Washington Court of Appeals, State of Washington Shoreline Hearing Board; City of Tacoma and Pierce County Hearings examiners and various municipal hearings examiners. Doug's primary focus involves large, complex litigation matters, including business, real estate, estates, insurance and personal injury claims. He represents individuals as well as corporate clients regarding disputes in the areas of purchase, sale and development of real property. Doug has handled estate disputes including will contests, breach of fiduciary duty and mismanagement. His personal injury practice primarily focuses on serious personal injury, wrongful death, brain injuries, automobile collisions, government liability, employment liability, civil rights, malpractice claims, and product liability, where he has represented both plantiffs and defendants. Doug also has experience in estate, business and tax planning, and security law disputes relating to churning and unsuitable investments. He has substantial experience in general business law representing clients in formation, dissolution, mergers and sales. Doug believes that all clients are entitled to the best legal representation possible. His philosophy has resulted in numerous satisfied clients and many referrals from attorneys both in the community and throughout the United States. Primary Practice Areas: Business Law Real Estate Law Litigation Construction Law Estate Practice Employment Law Personal Injury Douglas V. Alling ShareholderE-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com: (253) 627 1091Fax: (253) 627-0123Download vCard Education J.D., Willamette University College of Law, 1969 B.A., University of Puget Sound, 1966 Affiliations Washington State Bar Association Tacoma-Pierce County Bar Association American Bar Association