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Peter Singer is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, and a Laureate Professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne. In this interview, we talk about his parents escaping Nazi occupation, being picked on in Melbourne, collecting stamps, coins, and rocks, reading History of Western Philosophy, considering going into the family business, realizing he likes history and philosophy more than law, trying to figure out the origins of fascism, drinking and arguing, his initial reaction to the Sheriff counterexample to utilitarianism, Vietnam, conscription, abortion, meeting his wife, how raising children affected his philosophical outlook and vice versa, differences between grad school and being a grad student, taking classes with Parfit, Glover, and Griffin, how a conversation after a philosophy class led to him becoming vegetarian, working with Hare, the rise of Radical Philosophy, the popularity of "Famine, Affluence and Morality," working at NYU, moving to Melbourne and starting the first center for Bioethics in Australia, the difference between a protest and being silenced, wild animals and human extinction, anonymous journals, running for office, moving to Princeton, working with a Buddhist monk, reason and the possibility of agreement, Anscombe, moral tribes, Mozi, and the ethical views of ET…
[7/14/17, photo credit: Alletta Vaandering, hyperlinks inserted by editor]
Where did you grow up?
In Melbourne, Australia, in a typical Australian suburban home, single-story, with what Americans call a yard, but Australians call a garden, and for my father, it was definitely that – he spent a lot of time planting a garden with trees, flowering shrubs and annuals.
What did your parents do?
My father had a small business, importing coffee and nuts. My mother was a doctor, a general practitioner.
Was your family, were you, religious?
Did you ever seriously consider it?
Not really. There were periods when I was open to the idea that there might be a god, but I never got further into religion than that.
In general, how did your family, or where you grew up, shape your worldview, you think?
My parents were of Austrian-Jewish origin. When the Nazis took over Austria, they soon realized they had no future there, and as a result of a chance meeting with an Australian who had come to Austria to ski, were able to get visas to go to Australia. Their parents stayed, and only one of them survived. Obviously, that family history had an impact on me. It led to strong support for racial equality, the rule of law, democratic government, a cosmopolitan outlook, and an abhorrence of violence and cruelty.
Crazy. Did you encounter discrimination in Australia?
Australia was still largely an Anglo-Celtic community. I came from a different background. I also looked different – I had darker hair and skin than most other kids. Most of my parents' friends were also Jewish refugees from Central Europe, so the culture around my home, and the food we ate, was different from that of my schoolfriends. At a local swimming pool, I remember a group of boys picking on me and telling me "go home."
What was school like?
I went to an experimental primary school that allowed students a great deal of freedom, and then to a private Scottish Presbyterian boys secondary school, because my parents thought it would give me a better education than the local public school. The primary school taught me to think for myself, and the secondary school added some discipline and did, on the whole, give me a good education.
Did you enjoy school?
Yes, sometimes it was intimidating, especially the early years of secondary school, but on the whole I enjoyed it.
As a kid, what did you do for fun?
In summer, I did what most Australian kids do: I went to the beach, swam a lot, and lay in the sun. I also went for hikes with my father. In winter, as my parents came from Austria, the family went skiing. And of course, I spent time with my friends, "mucking around."
What were your hobbies?
I collected things: stamps, coins, rocks and minerals. I was a cub and then a scout, and liked the camping and hiking. I read. My parents had bought the full set of the Encyclopedia Britannica, and at one stage I set out to read it from A – Z, all 23 (I think) volumes. I didn't finish it, though. But I did read Bertrand Russell's History of Western Philosophy. That was the first philosophy book I read.
As a kid I collected coins and rocks! Read History of Western Philosophy as an undergrad. What was your favorite part?
At the time, I enjoyed Russell's demolition of Hegel. When I got to know Hegel better, I realized that what Russell wrote about Hegel had more to do with his hostility to German authoritarianism than to Hegel's philosophical views.
Did you party?
There were parties, of course, and I went to them as much as most of my friends, but not more.
As a teen, did you start thinking about what you wanted do for a living, or college? If I asked you back then what you would end up doing, what would have been your best guess?
Early on, my best guess would have been that I would go into my father's business. From the age of about 14, I would work in his office for part of the summer holidays. He had mixed feelings about whether I should be his successor. On the one hand he would have liked the business to stay in the family; on the other, the financial risk caused him a lot of stress, and he often said that there is no future in small business, the big players will push you out.
My sister, my only sibling, is six years older than me, and studied law (which in Australia you do straight after secondary school) so that was the most plausible alternative to going into my father's business, and when I was in my final year of secondary school, that is what I decided to do.
In college, what were your least favorite classes?
I went to the University of Melbourne to study law. But an enrolment advisor there looked at my results in the final high school exams, and thought I might find the law degree insufficiently stimulating. He suggested I do a combined Arts/Law degree – a longer course but one that leads to both a Bachelor of Arts, and a Bachelor of Laws. That was fateful advice, because without it, I doubt that I would have ever taken a philosophy course.
Favorite classes?
I enjoyed both philosophy and history more than the law subjects. I got quite engrossed in twentieth-century European history, especially in trying to understand the rise of fascism.
Did you figure it out?
Well, there wasn't just one factor, but I felt that I understood some of the causes, anyway, and also how Hitler's rise to power could have been prevented, if only the communists had been willing to work together with the social democrats.
What attracted you to philosophy?
I was attracted to philosophy because I had always enjoyed an argument, and on Friday evenings you could go to the pub across the road from the university and get into an argument over a beer with some of the lecturers and more senior students who would be hanging out there.
What was the name of the pub? Is it still around?
Naughton's – it is still a hotel, but it's been gentrified, not the same place at all.
Inspirational teachers?
H.J. McCloskey, who taught the first ethics course I took, was the opposite of inspirational – you could say that he was dull. But he gave his students an excellent grounding in both metaethics and normative ethics. He was strongly opposed to utilitarianism, but I didn't find his objections convincing. It was in arguing against him that I first began to find utilitarianism an attractive theory that can resist the usual objections.
As an undergrad, did you just have utilitarian intuitions about all the infamous counterexamples, or did you have conflicting intuitions, where the course of action utilitarianism would recommend bugged you, but you settled on utilitarian responses because it gave the most coherent account of your intuitions all things considered?
I always thought that the sheriff would be justified in framing the innocent man, if that was the only way to save six innocent men from being lynched, and there would be no other bad consequences. There may have been some other counter-examples that troubled me more, but if so, I don't recall them.
In college, how did you change as a person, and how did you evolve philosophically?
Perhaps the most significant aspect of my time as a student is the era -- this was the 1960s. Australian troops were fighting alongside Americans in Vietnam, and there was a growing student movement opposed to the war. I became active in student politics, at one point leading an organization campaigning against conscription. I was involved with the Rationalist Society, as were many philosophers, both students and academic staff, and with the abortion law reform movement. I also wrote for, and became deputy editor of, the student newspaper. All these activities made me more open to radical ideas, and no doubt made me receptive to ideas that were still to come.
When did you decide to do philosophy for a living? Did you consider doing anything else?
The structure of the Arts/Law degree meant that I completed the BA before the law degree, and I did well enough to be offered a scholarship to do a Master of Arts, which was a thesis-only research degree, usually taking 18 months to two years. I went to talk to an advisor at the law faculty, and he said I could take the scholarship, and complete the law degree after I'd done the M.A. But while I was doing the M.A., the Philosophy Department encouraged me to apply for a scholarship to do further graduate study at Oxford – the centre of the philosophical world at the time, or so everyone in Australia thought. Oxford was an irresistible attraction, so when I got the scholarship, I was in no doubt about taking it. Even then, I kept open the option of going back and finishing the law degree. Once I was in Oxford, however, I knew that I wanted to do philosophy full-time if I could.
You met your wife back then, yes? How did you meet?
We were already married by the time we went to Oxford. Renata and I got to know each other at the University of Melbourne, in a history class, but we only became a couple after meeting again at a party.
What did your wife study? What does she do?
History. She has been a high school teacher, and she has worked for nonprofit organizations helping immigrants, helping poor people in developing countries, and helping disadvantaged women to obtain employment.
That's awesome. Is she a utilitarian?
Close enough, but maybe not all the way.
Ha! What was the structure of grad school at Oxford?
It seems funny to say that I was in "grad school". I was a graduate student at Oxford, but there was nothing school-like about it and we didn't use that term. I had supervisors for whom I wrote papers on different topics – first John Plamenatz for political philosophy, then R.M. Hare for moral philosophy and for my thesis, then Patrick Gardiner for philosophy of history. I wrote a thesis, and at the end of two years I sat exams. But I was free to choose to go to whatever seminars or lectures I wished – or to go to none at all, should I have been so indifferent to the intellectual smorgasbord on offer.
At the time, what was trending at Oxford, in ethics and political philosophy?
There was a lot going on, but for me the most exciting seminars – perhaps the most exciting seminars I have ever attended -- were those offered by three young and to me quite unknown philosophers: Derek Parfit, Jonathan Glover, and James Griffin. Parfit considered the question "What is the optimum population size? Should we assume it is the one with the highest average level of happiness, or would it be better to have a larger population with a greater total quantity of happiness?" That question had first been raised by Henry Sidgwick almost a century earlier, but apart from an article by Jan Narveson, had been very largely neglected ever since. Glover's contributions were also stimulating – I remember especially that he discussed examples in which one can say that one isn't doing anything wrong because what one does makes no perceptible difference to anyone, even though when others do the same, people are worse off.
Ronnie Dworkin, who had just taken over H.L.A. Hart's chair of jurisprudence, was attracting attention, although not all the Oxford philosophers were enamored of this brash American wearing stylish suits and a bright yellow tie. Hare was doing his lectures on why the naturalists were wrong and universal prescriptivism was the only defensible approach to ethics. There was plenty of interest in Marxism, with Gerald Cohen expounding his Analytical Marxism but some preferring Althusser's much more obscure writings. And during my time in Oxford, the Radical Philosophy movement emerged, demanding that philosophy should be more relevant to the great issues of the day, like the Vietnam war and racial and economic equality.
So you were clearly inspired by Parfit and Glover…anybody else?
Absolutely: J.L.H. Thomas, from whom I learned how to read and understand Hegel. Hare turned out to be much more supportive of applying ethical theory to practical problems than I had ever imagined, from his writings up to that time, he ever would be.
Did you ever feel nervous or honoured working with these amazing philosophers?
When I went to Oxford I was nervous about meeting, and being taught by, the philosophers whose work I had studied in Melbourne, people like Hare, and H.L.A. Hart. And I felt honoured when Hare offered to be my supervisor. After Oxford, the nervousness diminished and eventually disappeared, because I felt that I had already met and got to know many of the world's greatest philosophers.
Do you ever feel honoured working with anybody nowadays?
There are many philosophers whose work I admire, and if they want to spend some time with me, I do feel honored by that.
So, was writing the dissertation difficult?
No, I enjoyed it, and Hare was an excellent and encouraging supervisor.
Still friends with anybody from back then?
Yes, especially with Richard Keshen, Canadian graduate student who had a big influence on me and his wife Mary. And I remained in contact with Derek Parfit until his recent death (and edited Does Anything Really Matter?, a collection of essays about his work, which was in press when he died). We are also still close to two couples who we got to know through the high school near Oxford where Renata was teaching.
How did Oxford shape you as a philosopher? How did Keshen influence you? How did your philosophical outlook start to influence your behavior outside of the classroom?
My time as a student at Oxford was transformative. It was at Oxford that I first began to think about the ethics of how we treat animals, prompted by a chance encounter with Richard Keshen, the first ethical vegetarian I had ever met (I describe that experience in the Preface to Animal Liberation.) I talked about it with Renata, and we became vegetarian. Once we had put ethics into practice in that very practical way, we also decided to start donating 10% of our income to Oxfam. (Oxfam was the obvious choice, both because, of all the organizations helping people in poverty in developing countries, their values were most closely aligned with ours, and because they had their head office in Oxford, so it was easy to go to talk to them about what they were doing.)
What did you do to relax?
Went for walks, mostly, with Renata and our friends. I also started growing vegetables. We were renting a house outside Oxford with a large area of unmown grass, so I cleared some of that and made a vegetable garden.
You started teaching in Oxford. How did your experiences as a student affect your approach to teaching?
Although my position was a Radcliffe Lectureship, I didn't give any lectures. I was teaching in the Oxford tutorial system, which meant weekly meetings with students, individually or in pairs. I would give them some reading each week, and they would write a paper on it, which we would then discuss. I tried to be as careful and helpful as Hare had been with me.
How did you end up at NYU?
My Radcliffe Lectureship was for two years only. We had planned to go back to Australia after that, but during this period I received invitations to apply for visiting positions at both NYU and Johns Hopkins. That may have been because I had published "Famine, Affluence and Morality" as well as a little piece in Analysis called "Moral Experts" but it is also possible that someone had sent out feelers to people like Parfit, or Dworkin, asking about likely prospects for the positions. At the time NYU did not have a great reputation, but living in New York was a more exciting prospect than living in Baltimore, so we went to NYU. It was a good choice.
Favorite part of living in NYC?
Just the city itself – the streets are always so lively, the buildings spectacular, no need to own a car or drive anywhere, so many things to do and friends to see, all in easy reach…
Who'd you work with at NYU?
I wouldn't say that I worked with anyone at NYU. I was planning Animal Liberation, and thinking about life and death issues in health care. But I talked to lots of people in the department, including Peter Unger, Bill Ruddick, Michael Lockwood, John Taurek, Chauncey Downes, and Raziel Abelson, and graduate students like Greg Pence and Christina Hoff. I also got to know others in New York, though not at NYU at the time, for example Tom Nagel.
After NYU, you found yourself at LaTrobe, then Monash for two decades. What did you do for fun?
By the time I got back to Melbourne, we already had one child, and Renata was pregnant with our second. Both Renata's parents and my parents lived in Melbourne then, and my sister (who had two children) as well as Renata's brother. So we spent a lot of time with our extended family. In the summer we had family holidays at the beach. We joined a hiking group for people with small children, and went hiking and camping in the bush with them. It was much more fun when our kids had other kids of their age to play with.
Big hiker here. Does having children have an impact on your ethical perspective?
I already knew how strong the ties of family are, and how difficult – virtually impossible – it is to be impartial between one's own family and strangers, but of course having one's own children makes one feel this even more deeply.
How does being a philosopher affect your approach to raising kids?
Having children led me to take an interest in how they saw and understood the world, and of course in their ethical development. I became involved, to a modest extent, in the philosophy for children movement, ordering some of the books aimed at young children written by Matthew Lipman. I read and discussed them with my own children, as well as taking them to the children's primary school and trying to stimulate some interest in philosophy for children there.
Academic highlights in Melborne?
Being appointed to the chair of philosophy at Monash was certainly a highlight. I was only 30 when appointed, and Australian departments are, or were then, on the UK system where a department has a very limited number of chairs – in fact I was appointed to what was, at the time of my appointment, the only chair in a department of about 16 academic staff. At Monash then the departmental chair had to be a professor, so that meant I walked into the department and was immediately chair, with the authority to make whatever decisions I liked. Most of the academic staff were older than me, and several had been there for many years. I instituted regular staff meetings and we voted on major decisions, which was something of a novelty for the department. Other highlights included the publication of Practical Ethics and its subsequent widespread use in courses around the world, and the establishment of the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics, of which I was the founding director. It was the first university-based bioethics centre in Australia.
At this point, did you feel like you 'made it'?
I'm not sure that there was any one moment. My academic career went really well from the start: getting a distinction in my B.Phil at Oxford; my appointment as a Radcliffe Lecturer at University College; the reception that "Famine, Affluence and Morality" received; the NYU position; my appointment at La Trobe University, at the Senior Lecturer level, when it is normal to start as a Lecturer; and then of course the appointment to the chair at Monash. Certainly by that time, given that I also then had a contract with Cambridge University Press for Practical Ethics, I felt that my decision to go into academic life had been a good one.
Were you surprised that people were appalled by some of the things you've argued, such as your position on disabled infants, or bestiality? What do you make of the attitude, that seems as if it is increasingly popular, that certain things simply should not be said?
I think that attitude is deplorable, and especially in philosophers. I wasn't surprised that people should disagree with my views on these issues. Philosophers expect objections and counter-arguments. That's how we make progress. What has surprised and disappointed me is that some people have, because of their opposition to my views, attempted to prevent me speaking. That approach hearkens back to the trial and execution of Socrates, which means that it is the opposite of what philosophy should stand for. It's a stupid tactic anyway, because invariably it means that my views get more attention. You just have to look at a sales chart of the German editions of Practical Ethics to see that. The book sold poorly in Germany for several years. Then when I visited Germany I was prevented from speaking on a few occasions, and this became a major news story, in newspapers and on television. My German book sales soared, and ever since have remained at a higher level than they were before the opposition stopped me speaking.
How do does it make you feel when folks protest your talks? Weird for you, given how much of your energy is devoted to trying to make the world a better place?
People have a right to protest, and I am not disturbed by nonviolent protests that do not seek to prevent me speaking. But it is, as you suggest, weird when – as happened with a talk I gave earlier this year, via skype, at the University of Victoria, British Columbia – people who object to my views on the treatment of severely disabled infants try to prevent me being heard by an audience that has come to hear me speak about effective altruism and global poverty. If people care about those with disabilities, you would think that they would support my efforts to increase donations to effective charities that, among other things, prevent blindness and restore the sight of people in developing countries.
Ever avoid exploring an outrageous implication of utilitarianism, because you thought doing so would have bad consequences?
Maybe. I've said relatively little about the suffering of wild animals, because although it raises some serious ethical questions, any attempt to do something about it would immediately put the animal movement in conflict with the environmental movement, and it would be better if both movements put their energy into issues on which there is no such conflict, and on which they can hope to have a more significant practical impact.
I have a somewhat similar problem with Nick Bostrom's argument that the importance of reducing the risk of human extinction, even by a tiny amount, dominates every other thing that we might consider worth doing, such as reducing the suffering of people in extreme poverty. It's a difficult argument to refute, but it's not an argument that many people are likely to act on. Mind you, if a few people do respond, and do research on reducing existential risk, I think that is a very good thing.
Speaking of wild animals, what are your thoughts on domesticated animals, like dogs and cats? Slaves, companion animals, or something else?
If people can give companion animals good lives and enjoy living with them, I have no objection to that relationship.
Do you think things like social media, where we have lots of virtue signaling and moral reprobation for those whose views are unpopular, endanger the future of views like utilitarianism or might make philosophy more homogeneous in general?
I don't think it endangers the future of utilitarianism at all. Utilitarianism is too strong for that. It might, for a time, make people more reluctant to express views that are unpopular. I've recently been sounded out about a proposal for a journal that would allow people to publish anonymously. The journal would keep a record of authorship that could, on request by the author, be sent to committees considering appointments and promotions. It's unfortunate that such a journal should ever be considered necessary to enable controversial ideas to be published, but perhaps we have got to the point where it is.
Amazing idea, Peter! You ran for office in Australia, right?
I ran for the Senate for the Australian Greens. I wasn't successful, but I didn't expect to be, the idea was to give the Greens greater national prominence. Maybe I helped to do that, because now a Green does hold the Senate seat for which I stood.
Why did you leave Monash, or, how were you lured away to Princeton?
I didn't apply for the position at Princeton, in fact I wasn't aware that Princeton was trying to fill a chair in bioethics, because I wasn't looking for a new position. I received a letter asking if I was willing to be considered. That wasn't a difficult decision. I felt I had done what I could at Monash. I'd already stepped down from the position of Director of the Centre for Human Bioethics, and Helga Kuhse was doing an excellent job in that role. I started to feel that I needed a change. I gave up being director of the Centre for Human Bioethics, and went part-time at Monash, partly because the Centre's budget was strained, but also because I wanted to work on two books that were not bioethics or even really philosophy, so I didn't think I should be doing them while being employed full-time as director of a bioethics centre. Both of these books were attempts to preserve something that would otherwise have been lost. The first was Ethics into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement, which was in part a tribute to my then-dying friend, Henry Spira, and also had the goal of preserving and disseminating the strategies and tactics that he had used so successfully to reduce the suffering of animals. The other was Pushing Time Away: My Grandfather and the Tragedy of Jewish Vienna, a memoir – if I can use that word for someone who died before I was born -- of David Oppenheim, my mother's father, who had worked with Freud and Adler and then later became a victim of the Holocaust. I had completed the first of these books, and was well-advanced on the second, when I received the letter from Princeton. Our children had left home, and Renata and I had been thinking about going somewhere else for a while once that happened. We had been contemplating living in a developing country, to get a broader experience of the world, but when I was offered the position at Princeton, that was too good an offer to refuse. Renata was keen to live in New York again, and Princeton is close enough to make that feasible. The stimulation of being at Princeton dramatically revived by interest in bioethics and ethics more generally.
How so?
Here's one example. I attended a number of seminars on climate change, given by leading US government officials and political advisors. They saw it as a political problem, and an economic problem, and an environmental problem for the U.S., but they didn't see it as an ethical problem. The idea that the U.S, then the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases as well as having the highest per capita emissions among large nations, might have a moral obligation to reduce its emissions just didn't get mentioned. That was one of the reasons that I wrote One World: The Ethics of Globalization, to discuss this and other issues that need to be thought about from a global perspective.
Exciting upcoming projects?
I have two book projects underway at the moment. The first is the result of a dialogue I had last year with Shih Chao-Hwei, a Taiwanese Buddhist nun, about the similarities and differences between Buddhism and utilitarianism. We hope to turn the transcript of our dialogue into a book. The second is a book on whether the world is overpopulated, and if so, what ought to be done about it. I'm planning on writing that with Frances Kissling, who has a lifetime of experience working with women on reproductive freedom.
Fascinating stuff, Peter! What do you make of colleagues you appear to fundamentally disagree with, such as Parfit? Does this make you pessimistic about the prospects of philosophy?
I'm puzzled that you should think Parfit and I were in fundamental disagreement. He was a consequentialist, and so am I. True, he was a prioritarian, and I am a utilitarian, and we disagree about some other points, but hardly in a fundamental way. And if you were referring to metaethics, although I was once a universal prescriptivist, Parfit's On What Matters persuaded me that non-naturalist normative objectivism is a defensible position. That, by the way, is an example of something that ought to make us optimistic about philosophy – we do change our views, after reading good arguments.
Bad example. My bad! Can you think of a better example of somebody you fundamentally disagree with? Do you think those peers are confused or misinformed? What do you think explains why some intelligent, well informed people look at a case like the sheriff and think framing the drifter is justified and others think that one simply should not ever do such a thing?
A better example of someone with whom I am in fundamental disagreement would be a hardline deontologist – G.E.M. Anscombe would have been a good example of that, and perhaps John Finnis is the best representative of that kind of position today. They would have said that it is always wrong for the sheriff to frame a person, no matter how many lives would thereby be saved. But even if Anscombe and Finnis attempt to argue for their views in a manner that does not refer to religious beliefs, it's surely not a coincidence that both are Roman Catholics. Admittedly, there are others who are not religious but still think it would be wrong for the sheriff to frame someone. In my view, the problem there is one of giving too much weight to particular intuitions. The kind of research that Josh Greene has carried out, and described in Moral Tribes, indicates that these intuitions often evolved in response to specific conditions in which our ancestors lived. As Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek and I argue in The Point of View of the Universe, our intuitive reactions to particular situations are not a reliable guide to what we ought to do.
But, according to evolutionary debunking arguments, which supposedly show our moral beliefs are probably not true, doesn't everything we value, including happiness--which one might argue is just a chemical process designed to make us behave in ways that increase our fitness, roughly--just get washed out alongside the stuff you think doesn't really matter, like the value of purity?
There are a lot of things to say about all that. First, suppose that there are some moral judgments that would not have conferred any evolutionary advantage on those who held them; and yet when we reflect carefully on these moral judgments, we find it difficult to withhold our consent. These moral judgments would not be susceptible to an evolutionary debunking argument, and we would therefore have a reason for judging them to be true that would not apply to any judgments that are susceptible to an evolutionary debunking argument. Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek and I argue that the principle of universal benevolence – that the interests of any individual count equally with the similar interests of any other individual – is one such moral judgment. There is no evolutionary advantage to giving equal weight to the interests of your own kin, and those of strangers – there is, in fact, an evolutionary disadvantage in acting on that principle. So this principle does not get washed out along with, say, the value of sexual purity. There may also be other principles that do not.
How do we hang on to happiness? This might be a dumb question, but isn't the decision to place more value on certain intuitions over others also on the basis of intuition?
The value of happiness resists evolutionary debunking arguments in a different way. Following Adam Lerner and Neil Sinhababu, Katarzyna and I argue that we have direct phenomenal experience of the positive value of happiness and pleasure, and of the negative value of misery and pain. Nor is this "just a chemical process" -- it is that, but it is also a state of consciousness and the fact that these feelings evolved in order to influence our behavior does not in any way negate our direct experience of pain as bad and pleasure as good.
In short, then, no, the decision to place weight on some moral judgments rather than others is not just a matter of intuition. There is a lot more reasoning to it than that.
Fair enough! In your mind, what is a moral reason, exactly?
It's a consideration that counts towards an answer to the question "What ought I to do?" The difficult question is what considerations do count towards an answer to that question. Some think purely self-interested considerations count, and others think only impartial considerations count. I'm not going to attempt to settle that dispute here.
Weird question, I know: what are the chances intelligent extraterrestrials are utilitarians?
High. It's clearly something that any being capable of reasoning is likely to realize is an option. As evidence for that, we can see utilitarian tendencies in thinkers of different periods and cultures. Mozi and the Mohists in ancient China, for example, as well as Bentham in eighteenth century England.
How would you sum up your body of work in one sentence?
I've always looked for issues on which thinking philosophically can make a significant difference – and if my work shows anything, it is that philosophy can change lives and make the world a better place.
Favorite comedian(s)?
Monty Python, Woody Allen, Sarah Silverman.
Thanks for your time, Peter!


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Hint of History Sewing Pattern number 202
Buttoned Bib Apron
Pattern includes sizes Small, Medium and Large (see size chart above)
Pattern condition: Uncut, factory folded, complete with instructions
~ Item for sale is a sewing pattern, not a finished garment ~
Vintage-Inspired Patterns for Today designed by Amanda Kastner. The pattern is printed on paper for more durability and ease of use.
This apron was designed for practicality. Closing with one button in the back, it's easy to put on or take off half a dozen times a day. The bodice and skirt securely cover and protect the dress underneath, and the straps are designed not to shift around or slide off of little shoulders. Two pockets will safely hold little treasures, and the lined bodice helps prevent spills from soaking through.
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subset: commoncrawl


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On September 3rd, 2016, as my wife Emily and I were playing at Oetune Beach (about 3-hour drive south from Kupang, Indonesia), I decided to fly my Yuneec APV drone. What happened next was truly magical:
A group of kids, out of nowhere, suddenly appeared because they were intrigued by what was flying right above them. They had never seen a drone before and we began playing with each other as they started to run as fast as they could, trying to catch my drone. I played along because they were all laughing together, chasing it together, and just looked like they had a blast.
10-15 minutes went by... I decided to stop flying it and I wanted to talk to them. I asked them their names, where they're from, what grades they were in, where they lived, etc. It turned out that we both weren't fluent in the same language. They speak Bahasa Timor and I don't, but luckily they speak Bahasa Indonesia, which I am fluent in.
After learning about their story a little bit, I asked if I could take their portraits; they let me. I loved it.
Here's what I know about them: Every Saturday and Sunday they would walk to this beach to sell coconuts (it takes them one hour to walk). They sell them for 5,000 Rupiahs a piece, which is less than 50 cents. But they hustled.... They're all BEST friends, they take care, and help each other. They're in between 3rd - 9th grade. I was inspired. Moved by their story. I ended up buying 8 coconuts from them. They cut and served them like pros. The coconuts were sooooo good.
These kids' stories are the kind of stories that need to be shared and modeled after. They don't have much, but their generosity in serving each other is beyond rich.


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A great write-up by Consumer Affairs on the ongoing push for Illinois privacy legislation, stating that Illinois is "becoming a battleground for privacy rights". This legislative session is important for privacy rights across the country, as the article notes much of the country is looking to Illinois for success in these measures as states are stepping up to fill in holds as the Federal government pulls back from its responsibilities.
Learn more about our legislative push here, and be sure to signup for our newsletter and follow on social media to stay up to date on privacy in Illinois!


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Excellent Dental Services for People with Disabilities
Perfect Pump for Small Farmers in Africa
Opening of the Bulungula College Buildings
From choosing the site on 21 June (see post: https://bulungulaincubator.org/2017/06/21/choosing-the-site-for-the-bulungula-college/) to Opening Day on 5 October. Once again the Imana Foods and The Wild Ride Education Company (WREC) had our head spinning with how quickly they got things done! Elangeni Builders, who were contractors for the Folokwe Preschool that Imana and WREC built for us last year, … READ MORE


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Hi Fashion Friends!
So apparently, Lindsay Lohan, is out of rehab, has done an Oprah interview, partied with The Wanted, and is now moving to The Big Apple. Phew… its been a busy few weeks!
And according to this article she has moved in round the corner. Her sister, Aliana, was spotted helping her move in.
Perhaps Lindsay, is vying for an invite to Wintour Towers and a post rehab, Vogue cover, to boot. She should get some tips from Kanye and Kim, who have reportedly been round for tea before.
Well only time will tell. Watch out for more gossip from New York's most fashion forward street very soon.


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Howard Brookner's 1985 Burroughs movie is, as we've said before, essential viewing (notwithstanding the presence of another equally comprehensive one, Yony Leyser's William S Burroughs: A Man Within (2010). Ed Koziarski, in 2oo9, in the Chicago Reader, explains the reasons for the second film - "(James) Grauerholz [Burroughs' friend, confident and literary executor] had been unhappy with (the) previous documentary..in which he'd also played an active role" - Koziarski quotes James - "I was surprised to see how my role in William's life had been handled in the final editing process..Basically, the BBC editors took a dislike to me. They..couldn't resist a "controversial" angle on "the Grauerholz guy". So they chopped together dozens of different speeches by me into a phony voice-over "monologue" accompanying a montage of scenes of me and William working together, etc. If you listen on headphones, you'll hear many, many audio splices. They made me look like a usurper and a smug, self-satisfied wise guy".
Despite that, the film remains a marvel - As Janet Maslin wrote, in a rave review in The New York Times, "Rarely is a documentary as well attuned to its subject as Howard Brookner's "Burroughs", which captures as much about the life, work and sensibility of its subject as its 86 minute format allows. Part of the film's comprehensiveness is attributable to William S Burroughs' cooperation, since the author was willing to visit old haunts, read from his works and even playfully act out a passage from "Naked Lunch" for the benefit of the camera. But the quality of discovery about "Burroughs" is very much the director's doing, and Mr Brookner demonstrates an unusual degree of liveliness and curiosity in exploring his subject".
Brookner, a wunderkind, tragically, died of AIDS in 1989 (he was only 34). The obituary writer in the Times noted the sardonic note he had taped to his refrigerator during the last years of his life: "There's so much beauty in the world. I suppose that's what got me into trouble in the first place."
Featured in "Burroughs" (alongside Allen), John Giorno, Brion Gysin, Terry Southern, Herbert Huncke, Lucien Carr, Patti Smith, Jackie Curtis, Francis Bacon (sic) , Mortimer Burroughs (William's brother) - and, particularly poignant, footage of William Burroughs Jr. ("Billy" Burroughs), Billy died in 1981, during the early stages of the filming.
The film had its genesis as Brookner's NYU master's thesis. It was screened in 1984 at the New York Film Festival. The BBC "Arena" version we have here appeared shortly after the writer's death in 1997, (with the beginning slightly re-edited to make it an obituary piece but with the rest of the film otherwise complete).
A transcription of Allen's contribution (he is featured mostly speaking of the infamous "William Tell incident", but also his early days with Burroughs - the two of them are filmed on a rooftop, recollecting their old "routines" and Allen can also be seen when Lucien Carr is "interviewing" Burroughs):
AG: "Well, Kerouac said that Burroughs was the most intelligent man in America and I probably repeated that a million times.."
AG & WSB (on the rooftop):
AG: You know what line of yours Kerouac liked the best?
WSB: What?
AG: "Motel motel motel loneliness moans across the still oily tidal waters of East Texas bayou". You remember? You know that? He wrote me a letter and then he spoke about it.
WSB: Yes, yes.
AG: He said that that proved..that was the first time that he dug your prose, because of your ear, as a musician.
On 115th Street in the apartment we shared with Joan and Jack, do you rewmember when we played out routines at that time, remember the characters?
WSB: Well, I remember some of them. You played "the well-groomed Hungarian"
AG: (affecting the accent); Yez., my deat, I vas the well-groomed Hungarian, and I am still here with you now and I am wanting to know, do you by any chance have some shade of recollection of the personage which you yourself identified with?
WSB: I think I was playing a sort of an Edith Sitwell part.
AG: Quite right, yes
WSB: I got in drag and I looked like some sinister old lesbian
AG: I do believe you also affected the title of "(the) Baronness"?
WSB: Ah, definitely, yes.
AG: And do you remember the liason we had to bring the foolish, rich, young, ruddy-cheeked American to my art gallery?
WSB: (keeping in character) Aha, of course, yes. You know, Americans, they are so full with money, it is our duty..
AG: Yez, and this was a very choice American..
WSB: ...it is our duty to relieve them of a little bit, you know.
AG: He had a straw hat, do you remember?
WSB: Yes
AG: What was that magic name? thirty years ago.. He was an American named..Kerouac..He was a nice boy, very nice boy. He was a writer, very good writer,
WSB: Very good writer
AG: Very good writer, very American..
WSB: Later, he became quite well-known, I believe (and) very famous.
AG: Yes, yes, very famous
WSB: He wrote some book called "On The Route", I think.
AG: On Route
WSB: En Route..
Well, I remember the line from "Howl", "I saw the best minds of my generation, starved, hysterical,naked..
AG(mock-exasperated): You can't even quote it right!
WSB: ...looking for an angry fix."
AG: Oh that, you got that.
WSB: Ok
AG: Burroughs fell in love with me and we slept together and I saw a very soft center where he felt isolated, alone in the world, and really needed a human, humane, gift in return of feeling and of affection, and, since I did love him, and did have that respect and affection, I think he responded. So I kind of felt privileged that I had.. "j'ai seul la clef de cette parade sauvage" [Allen is quoting Rimbaud] - I alone had the key to this savage parade - which was the key of tenderness.
Huncke stole a prescription pad from an old doctor in Brooklyn and Bill wrote up some phony scripts (purportedly) signed by the doctor which he cashed right around Columbia...(Huncke and Burroughs got busted)..(and) then, I think, his (Burroughs') family send enough money to get him out, or his father came, or maybe his brother came. We were all very upset and very desolate because that was the first ring of iron I (we)'d heard in our small circle there..
Jack and I decided that Joan and Bill would make a great couple, that they were a match for each other, fit for each other, equally tuned and equally witty, equally intelligent and equally well-read, they were refined of mind..
He would lie down on a long couch, talking. She would sometimes lie next to him, put her arm around his abdomen..
I once went with Lucien on a trip to Mexico and we were with Joan about 24 or 48 hours before she died.. He was going around these hair-pin turns, and she was urging him on, saying, "how fast can this heap go?", while me and the kids were cowering in the back.
"Dream Record, June 8 1955" (Allen reads from his dream journals) - "(I dreamt of) a drunken night in my house with a/ boy in San Francisco. I lay asleep./ darkness/. I went back to Mexico City/ and saw Joan Burroughs leaning/ forward on a garden chair, arms/ on her knees. She studied me with/ clear eye and downcast smile, her/ face restored to a fine beauty/ tequila and salt had made strange before the bullet in her brow./ We talked of our lives since then./ Well what's Burroughs doing now?/ Bill on earth, he's in North Africa/ Oh, and Kerouac? Jack still jumps/ with the same beat genius as before,/ notebooks filled with Buddha./ "I hope he makes it she laughed./ Is Huncke still in the can? No,/ last time I saw him on Times Square/ And Lucien? - "Married, drunk/ and golden in the East/ You? New/ loves in the West - Then I knew/ she was a dream and questioned her/ - Joan, what kind of knowledge have/ the dead?..."
Joan was not making it with Bill and was a little irritated with him. Bill had been off with a young friend. I had talked to her the day before. Julie, her daughter..was actually quite cute, was flirtatious, and I said, "She's gonna give you some competition!", and Joan said, "Ah, I'm out of the competition". So she'd sort of given up on love life..
My impression when we left was there was something scary about her, suicidal..
Just as she had said to Lucien, "how fast can this heap go?", I think she said to Bill, "(wanna) shoot that (glass) off my head?"..
I always kind of thought that she had kind of challenged him and led him into it, that it was sort of like using him to..that she was, in a sense, using him to get her off the earth, because I think she was in a great deal of pain..
Years later, I heard a few different things from Bill. He said he wept a great deal. He also said that at one time, many many years ago, he was puzzled at what got into him, that he would actually pick up on it..
Well, it gave Bill, certainly, a taste of mortality. It opened him up quite a bit. It was then that he began writing. It was then that Bill got very serious and began casting about for something to do to connect him to the reality around him. I think it grounded him a bit, because it's from then on, as I remember, that he begins writing Junkie.
[on "cut-up"] - Well, all of Burroughs seems to be coherent once you know his method. What Lucien called "charlatanism" is actually experimental writing (otherwise you'd call Cezanne a charlatan for trying to work with hot planes advancing and cold planes receding in the optical field of the eyeball - so Burroughs in cutting up was creating gaps in space and gaps in time, as also, as Cezanne (or as meditation) does)."


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What Happened to Sid?
Janet and Sid were our next door neighbors who came to our neighborhood Bible study. I noticed that gradually Sid had begun making great spiritual progress. They were co-teaching a Sunday School class, and he would now lead in prayer during our study.
One day I said to Janet, "What happened to Sid?"
"Oh," she said, "I had been nagging him about his relationship with the Lord, telling him he should lead family devotions and that he should pray more. He didn't need that. I stopped nagging him and began to pray for him." God had done the rest in response to faith.
It's not that God never uses our words. He often does. But first we must trust Him and then say only what He gives us to say.
When we don't, our words are like the sticks of John 15:6: "If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned." They accomplish absolutely nothing of eternal value.
Dear Jesus, please help me to remember that if I want to change someone, I must go through You.
"Remain in me, and I will remain in you. For a branch cannot produce fruit if it is severed from the vine, and you cannot be fruitful apart from me" (John 15:4).


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punishment(redirected from Punishment, Criminal)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia.
the use of an undesirable stimulus to modify or prevent an undesirable behavior.
Patient discussion about punishment
Q. Last week my younger son Frank, was punished in school because of kicking and throwing things at students... This is Donald, Last week my younger son Frank, was punished in school because of kicking and throwing things at teacher and on a few students. I don't know why he behaved like that. I got tensed when I heard about this. What to do with him?
A. Well I think it depends whether or not this is a constant behaviour by your son, or it was only a one time event that he had an explanation for. If he tends to get angry and use violence a lot, you should take action, and let him know this is not acceptable by any means. Counsling might work best. If this was a one time thing, you should let your son know this should not happen again, and try preventing him from day to day activities such as meeting friends or using the computer if this happens again.More discussions about punishment


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Kim Hyun-joong is coming back with the role of hero Sin Jeong-tae in the new KBS drama "Inspiring Generation".
"Inspiring Generation" is based in 1930 Shanghai about youths who go through love, friendship and passion. Sin Jeong-tae is clumsy and random at times but he is the greatest fighter in all of the backstreets of Shanghai.
Based on the original by Bang Hak-gi, Kim Hyun-joong is finally making his first drama come back in 3 years. He was to return sooner with "City Conquest" but had to step down as it fell through.
Source : tvdaily.mk.co.kr/read...Copy & paste guideline for this article
"Kim Hyun-joong comes back with a drama in 3 years"
by HanCinema is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work from this source
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The Korea Baseball Organization's board of directors announced on Tuesday that it will review information regarding the establishment of a 10th team.
The decision of the pro baseball governing body is a reversal from its earlier decision on June 19 to postpone the discussion.
The decision is thought to be a result of the increasing pressure of fans, local governments and players. The Korea Professional Baseball Players Association announced that its players would boycott the All-Star Game and World Baseball Classic after hearing the result of the previous meeting.
"The club heads agreed that it is not appropriate to show fans a negative image, and that we must continue to hold the All-Star Games," said KBO Secretary General Yang Hae-young after the meeting.
"There was a proposal that was well developed," said Yang who added that he would discuss the proposal with the players' association.
However, Yang failed to mention specific developments that were made in the proposal.
It was reported that teams opposing a 10th club, including Samsung, Lotte and Hanwha, did not reject the proposal, unlike in previous meetings.
The 31-year-old Korean pro baseball league approved the launch of a ninth team, the NCsoft Dinos based in Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province, last month. The team is set to enter the league next season.
The board also finalized the number of games played collectively by the nine teams next year at 576, cutting the number of games played by each team from 133 to 128.
In order to promote the sport within the country and widen the talent pool, the board also decided to fund the creation of clubs at elementary, middle and high school levels.
The KBO will provide up to 30 million won ($26,000) to new elementary school teams, 150 million won for middle school teams and 400 million won for high school teams over the course of three years.
The Korean pro baseball league started with six clubs in 1982, and the Binggrae Eagles were created as the seventh club in 1986. Binggrae was renamed the Hanwha Eagles in 1993. In 1991, the Ssangbangwool Raiders joined the league, and from then, the league maintained the eight-team format. When the Ssangbangwool Raiders disbanded in 2000, the SK Wyverns entered the league.
Pro baseball is one of the most popular sports here in Korea, which saw 6.8 million spectators last year and is expected to hit 8 million this year. Halfway through the season, baseball stadiums have seen 4.5 million fans fill its bleachers.
By Robert Lee (email@example.com)


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The story, "An Eye For an Eye", has a curious history, and others probably know more about it than I do. It was one of the last EC stories to be written before censorship pressures forced the company out of business (except for Mad, of course.) The full script was illustrated by Angelo Torres but was never published by EC because of the newly minted code restrictions. But there is at least one page, the splash by Williamson, which was done prior to Torres' work on the job. Is there a story behind why Williamson dropped the job? The first panel displays some of his best brush inking of the EC era.
"The Unknown Ones" was one of the first jobs that WIlliamson produced after leaving EC, and one of his best (in my opinion anyway.) A lot of Krenkel in the backgrounds and details.
4/11/2016 04:46:07 pm
That splash page for "The Unknown Ones is indeed one of Al's greatest. So nice to see it in a nice safe and appreciated place!
4/12/2016 10:42:32 am
It's very valued here in it's present home. A source of real inspiration.
Leave a Reply.
In his lifetime, artist / writer / historian Larry Ivie amassed a wide-ranging collection of of original comic art. Some of this material has never been published and a good deal more had never received adequate reproduction. The intent of this blog is to share the collection with fellow enthusiasts and to generate discussions about comic art and the artistic process.
May 2017
Sandy Plunkett--comic book artist living in Athens, Ohio
More artwork, and some stories, are in the blog


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Yummy Plants: a vegan lifestyle website and community. We can help you start a vegan diet!
Come join us on our mission to help people explore a plant-based life!
Let us know your favorite dish!
Help us uncover those hidden vegan-friendly gems in each city.
Spread the word:
Tell your Facebook friends and Twitter followers about the Yummy Plants community. And if you have a place to post, please share this flyer at your school, your gym or workplace.
Test recipes and review restaurants in your area. How else would you like to be involved? We're open to suggestions!
Contribute to a force of positive change: support our mission to help people explore a plant-based life. Donations of any amount will help offset our website development and maintenance costs. Thank you for your support of the Yummy Plants community!!!


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EPA strongly encourages people to learn more about their drinking water, and to support local efforts to protect the supply of safe drinking water and upgrade the community water system. Your water bill or telephone book's government listings are a good starting point for local information.
Contact your water utility. EPA requires all community water systems to prepare and deliver an annual consumer confidence report (CCR) (sometimes called a water quality report) for their customers by July 1 of each year. If your water provider is not a community water system, or if you have a private water supply, request a copy from a nearby community water system.


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14 Easy Christmas Gifts You can get RIGHT NOW!
Happy shopping season! It is that time of year where you are running around trying to find the perfect gift for everyone on your list. Well, today I thought I would help you out by sharing some of my favorite things that may just be perfect for someone on your list. In this blog post you will find gifts for teachers, bloggers, techy friends and so much more!
Let's get to shopping!
(note: all items contain direct links)
Gifts for the Teacher in your life:
Your best bet is to get a GIFT CARD to Target, Starbucks, Amazon or any other stores that they frequent.
If you want to give them a little more than a gift card, here are a few other ideas!
You can NEVER go wrong with getting a Teacher a brand new pack of Mr. Sketch Markers! I love using these skinny ones to grade papers or write smelly notes for my students. The broad tip markers are also another great choice! Heck, WHY NOT GET THEM BOTH! Skinny Sketch markers.
A Doorbell! I know this seems crazy, but trust me. I use this doorbell in my classroom and it has not only saved my voice, but my sanity as well. With 50+ different tones and a quick set up, this gift is bound to excite any teacher for the Holidays! http://amzn.to/2zk3hRc
Any teacher will squeal with joy when they see ASTROBRIGHTS paper! With copy budgets being tight and not being able to make copies in color, bright colored paper is the way teachers are still bringing the rainbow into their classroom! There are A TON of color options so you can find a color to match any classroom!
Speaking of tight printing budgets you can bring any teacher to tears by purchasing a printer for them to print at home! I use this printer to avoid high printing costs by using HP Instant Ink, now I don't have to decide which centers need to be black and white and which ones can be printed in color. I CAN PRINT EVERYTHING IN COLOR and save myself time and money! Use this link to get 3 months free!
Finally, do the teacher in your life a favor and buy them some pre-sharpened pencils. I swear my students eat them and by December they are writing with small stubs and all the nice pencils have disappeared. No teacher has time to sharpen 20-some pencils, so help them out with some Pre-Sharpened Ticonderoga pencils...they are bound to bring a smile to any teachers face!
Gifts for the Techie/Vlogger/InstaGrammer
So many teachers have started creating their own side hustle or they are simply obsessed with the latest technology. Here are some of my FAVORITE Tech gifts for the TECHIE in your life:
Say hello to the Square Jellyfish Tripod Mount! Do you have someone who does Live videos on Instagram or Facebook? This Mount is simply AH-MAZ-ING! The strong grip, 360- Swivel and Lifetime Warranty easily make it one of the best!
If you have a mount, you are going to need a sturdy tripod for videos or product pictures. Say hello to my fave tripod the Joby GorillaPod ! This tripod comes with a ball head bundle making it easy to set up with your Jelly fish mount and get right to work. This stand is great for DSLR cameras as well! Sturdy, flexible and just what you need to get your side hustle up and rollin'!
YES!! These babies are on my wishlist this year. I have the wired beats and love them, but as I travel and work out the cord drives me nuts! Say hello to the Beats Solo3 Wireless ... I absolutely love how comfy and sound proof my beats are! I've got all the heart eyes for these wireless pair as I use these babies to jam out while I'm grading in my classroom, or on the plane when I am working (trust me these babies have blocked out screaming children on a plane!). They are a solid investment for any tech lovin' soul!
This little guy is a total life saver! I store all of my creations, pictures, music etc on this little guy which saves my computer or laptop from running slow! It was a solid investment to removing large files from my computer that I needed without running my laptop into the ground. This is perfect to transport files between computers or store your life on it, like I do. I love mine so much it even has a name, Tiny Dude. You can grab your very own Tiny Dude here!
I often get asked what I use for lighting in my pictures and videos, so..here it is! This is the Prismatic Mini Halo Ring light. It is a smaller ring light that packs a powerful punch. With a dimmable light, carrying case and collapsible stand, this baby can go anywhere at anytime. I like that it is smaller so it doesn't take up a ton of space like stuido lighting or a full size ring light. It truly is one of my faves! This is perfect for staging product photos, shooting live videos, head shots and so much more!
Gifts that anyone will enjoy!
I know that not everyone on your list is a teacher or will enjoy some of the things listed above, so I thought I would also share some of my favorites that I have given to my friends and family in the past.
If you have followed me long you know that I am OBSESSED with Wax Buffalo Candles. These pure soy goodies smell amazing and are locally made right here in Lincoln, Nebraska. Some of my favorite scents include: Sweet Tobacco, Cinnamon/Clove (from the Christmas collection), The Orchard (from the fall Collection) and Rosemary + Mint for an uplifting clean smell. These scents also come in wax melts and are guaranteed to make anyone smile!
I love shopping small and I discovered Soap and Paper Factory a few years ago and fell in love. I have extremely dry skin during the winter and my hands usually crack. I was tired of using awful smelling creams that really didn't help my hands. I love their hand creams and they truly help my skin. My favorite scents are Madagascar Vanilla and Winter Vanilla (from their winter collection). These are great stocking stuffers and they have so many options! I have ordered these as gifts for colleagues and they are definitely a favorite!
Hello my sweet tooth peeps! LuLuBee Chocolate is to die for! This is one of my favorite people and creators I have ever met through Instagram and to make it better, she is right here in Lincoln! I got to meet Gaylene at a craft fair where she told me the story of how she began making these delicious chocolates, how her business name was inspired by her two daughters and how she loves sharing her creations with the world. Her chocolate is truly beautiful and delicious and made with love. The English Toffee is one of my favorites!
Need a cute way to fight the cold? Love Your Melon is the way to go! From hats to scarves, this company has amazingly adorable hats with an even better purpose. Every hat purchased helps provide a hat to a child battling cancer. This company was created in an entrepreneurship class in Minnesota and slowly evolved into a worldwide movement!
So, there ya have it folks! There are a few of my favorite things to help you get started this Holiday season! For more ideas, check out the live list of items I will be adding to throughout the year!
I hope this list has helped you find some ideas to tackle your shopping list!
Happy Holidays!
Thanks for stoppin' by


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Your spiritual name as a technology holds the key to your own destiny. Everything truly valuable requires an exchange of energy. Yogi Bhajan taught that consciousness raising technologies are most valued when something is given in return. It is in the giving that your prosperity is assured as your contribution signals to the Universe that you are ready to receive.
Please make a contribution of at least $40.00 (USD) per name. Doing so serves to confirm your appreciation of the value of your spiritual name – and supports the Spiritual Names Office to continue to serve everyone. If you give a contribution, expect to receive your spiritual name WITHIN ONE WEEK. If you do not give a contribution, you will receive your name within 4 weeks.
Contribute $50.00 (USD) or more, and you will be entitled to receive a beautiful Spiritual Name Destiny Card for yourself or as a gift for someone else, personalized with the spiritual name and its meaning.
Your spiritual name destiny card is a visual way to be reminded of your spiritual identity. Your name and its meaning, shown on an exquisite background, can be framed and displayed on your altar, on the wall, or wherever you choose. You can use it as a conscious reminder to meditate on your name's sound current (nadh), and an affirmation to deliver you to your highest destiny.
Each card is 5" x 7" (12.7cm x 17.78cm), fully laminated, and printed to order with a beautiful design, your spiritual name, and its "essence meaning." The essence meaning is a short translation of the meaning of your spiritual name.


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AsiaPacific Films.com - An Asia Pacific Online Film Library
Self description (from their web site):
What are we?
AsiaPacificFilms.com streams culturally and historically significant films from Asia and the Pacific that entertain, educate and inspire viewers to think beyond boundaries. With the latest streaming technology, subscribers have unlimited access to our films in DVD quality.
Who are we?We are an experienced team of Asia and Pacific film programmers working in concert with notable scholars, critics, and curators who carefully select our films. Our curators and AsiaPacificFilms.com's president Jeannette Hereniko are members of the Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema (NETPAC), a well-respected international organization. Every year NETPAC awards prizes at major international film festivals.
What's our storyline?By acquiring digital rights and streaming our film collection on our website, we give our subscribers access to half of the world's films: films made by Asians and Pacific Islanders.
Fact: 95 percent of these films are never seen outside of their own countries because mainstream distributors don't bring them to the global market, or filmmakers from these areas lack access to distribution channels.
Our curators -- experts in Asian and Pacific cinema studies – hand-pick our films for their cultural nuances and historical significance, and for their themes, filmic techniques and styles.
Our film selections present artistic works that offer viewers a broad historical and cultural context about Asia and Pacific. We are creating an online library and archive because we believe the virtual environment is the best way to keep our cinematic heritage in perpetual circulation.
AsiaPacificFilms.com features high-quality reviews, excusive interviews, theme-based searches, online commenting, podcasts, and much more.
Our filmmakers -- among them, renowned directors from China, Korea, India, Iran, and Southeast Asia -- receive royalties. A portion of our profits go to support the important work of NETPAC. In the future, a special research and development fund will support future film projects of filmmakers who have contributed films to this website.
Link: http://www.asiapacificfilms.com/


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Powerful Mobile App Monitoring and TestingWatch Video Start Testing Free! Read Paper
Solutions on Real Devices
Learn more about AppexperienceWatch Video Start Testing Free! Read Paper
with our Blogs and Webinars
After the 20th SIGOS ConferenceWatch Video Start Testing Free! Read Paper
Discover the interviews of our speakers
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- Check for reliability pre-release, in production, competitively and to ensure SLA compliance.
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Mobile App Performance Monitoring on Real Devices: How It Works
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Build test automation into your agile development process and supercharge your team's productivity
- Execute multiple tests in parallel on multiple devices
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Conduct manual tests by uploading your app on the latest smartphones, feature phones, and tablets for immediate feedback
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Build test automation into your agile development process and supercharge your team's productivity
- Comprehensive cloud library of real mobile devices
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What Customers Are Saying
"The moment you give any chance of any outages or service degradation, the easiest thing users will do is uninstall the App.
So, for us to improve on retention, we have to keep improving on user experience, and which is a better tool than App Experience to do it"
— Lilian Nyawira – Senior Manager Network and Service Insurance at SARARICOM


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Birmingham City fans were accused this week of having "the combined IQ of a pineapple" by one YouTube commenter, irate at what he had perceived as a torrent of abuse towards Blyth Spartans goalkeeper Peter Jeffries during Blues' FA Cup victory .
Almost one million people have since watched the video in question, which featured jibes – some, granted, were expletive-laden – about both Jeffries' weight and ability, as well as ironic cheers when routine stops were made.
In a generation where attention spans are shortening and six-second Vine videos are the norm, it might have been useful for the outraged to have watched the video in its entirety – especially the last 15 seconds.
For what they missed was a demonstration of respect between Jeffries and the travelling fans. With Blues having secured a comeback 3-2 victory, Jeffries turned to face the stand housing the 1,000-strong visitors and received a rousing round of applause which was reciprocated.
After the game Jeffries was sent a barrage of tweets commending him for getting in to the spirit of things and even for having a little bite back at those behind the goal at one point.
'The diet starts today', he replied to one fan the following afternoon.
Fans can have a huge impact on players outside of the professional ranks, where grounds are smaller, fans are closer to the action and those on the pitch are not as accustomed as some of their peers to being the focus of fans' attentions.
Like our Blues Facebook page
Excuse the personal reference, but in a recent non-league game I attended, we chatted continuously to the opposition goalkeeper and attempted to put him under pressure at every opportunity. We inspired him and he saved a penalty, asking us to send him the video on YouTube afterwards.
A lot of non-league players are regular blokes you would see down the pub later that evening, not the sensitive prima donnas that are often idolised. They are likely to have stood on the terraces at some point delivering the same chants they now find themselves on the receiving end of.
Football is a tribal game and for those 90 minutes, Jeffries and his Blyth team mates were the enemy of both Blues' players and fans alike and were treated as such – but once the final whistle goes, Blues fans are pretty good at giving credit where it is due to the opposition.
Follow Chris Quinn on Twitter @chrisquinn3


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Penn State
Four Penn State wrestlers win freestyle titles
Four Penn State wrestlers, including Quentin Wright, captured freestyle titles during today's University Nationals in Akron, Ohio.
Representing the Nittany Lion Wrestling Club, Wright joined Andrew Alton, James English and Andrew Long as champions.
Sophomore Wright, a Bald Eagle Area graduate who won NCAA and Big Ten titles last month, went 5-0 at 84 kilograms (185 pounds). Wright defeated Cornell's Mack Lewnes 6-0, 5-1 in the finals. Wright also defeated Ohio State's Nick Heflin 3-1, 3-1 in the semifinals and Minnesota's Kevin Steinhaus 0-4, 3-1, 3-1 in the quarterfinals.
Freshman Andrew Alton, a Central Mountain graduate, won the 66 kilogram (145.5 pounds) division with a 1-0, 3-0 victory over NCAA All-American Kevin LeValley of Bucknell. Alton went 5-0, reaching the finals with a 1-0, 6-1 victory over Mike Rowe.
Sophomore James English, one of Penn State's many talented reserves, went 6-0 and defeated Bloomsburg's Bryce Busler 1-1, 9-4 to capture the title at 70 kilograms (154.25 pounds). English went 6-0 during the tournament.
Sophomore Andrew Long, a third-place NCAA finisher, defeated Minnesota's Nick Dardanes 2-1, 5-1 at 63 kilograms (138.75 pounds). The victory capped a 5-0 weekend.


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There I was … walking on the road below my house. Mr. Torres and his band of bright-eyed idealists were standing next to the only entrance to the Sakuma Farm Office where workers come to get their pay. The "bright eyes" were handing out flyers; stirring up the dissension that already hangs over our community like a dirty cloud of smoke.
Mr. Torres, the group's leader, was arrested last year for domestic violence.FACT: Ramon Torres, the president of Familias Unidas por la Justicia, was arrested by Skagit County Sheriffs on August 30 for assaulting his wife (Case Number COOO62705) at the farm workers camp at Sakuma Brothers Farms. According to the arrest report, Torres had pushed his wife, Deanna Torres, as well as "hit and pulled (her) the previous day."
Perhaps I was lucky he just spat the "fuck off" at me instead of pushing me down.The Gringo shall be better prepared for Ramon, cobarde wife beater, next Friday.
The "bible" for Ramon and his band of rabble rousers is a book written by my "adopted son" Seth Holmes, who came to our valley a decade ago to write about the Triqui workers from Oaxaca. It would become the dissertation for his doctorate in Anthropology. He was already a physician.
Seth is a brilliant, compassionate man, who has stayed in my home a number of times. He and his book are pictured below. He is currently an Associate Professor at UC Berkeley.
*** A copy of that page is included at the very end of this post. ***
Everyone knows many of the workers from Oaxaca are illegal. Third party groups do the actual hiring and checking of SS #s so the farmer has deniability. The farmer always used to provide free, primitive housing for the workers and their families. Local churches could have helped with the housing, but they were busy pouring money into Guatemala … for all the good that did.
Nonetheless, it was a strange kind of win-win for everyone. These workers had a job and could support their families. Some stayed on after the season to work at the farm or in other local places that regularly hire illegals, rented apartments in the area, and their children streamed into our schools.
With the education they gained, many of the children grow up to have better jobs and better lives. Our country benefited because our produce remains affordable; and the workers pay into the Social Security system (with their bogus SS #s) but they never collect. The farmer was able to stay in business in spite of rising prices for everything. Our residents have the pleasure of living in a lovely farming community, with views from our windows like this …
. . . rather than places like Arizona where old farms are now retirement communities like this …
But it has worked and we have all managed. The Oaxacans are nice people – shy and most generous -- and only some have learned English (their third language after Triqui and Spanish). The kids, with their shiny black hair and big brown eyes, are just like any other kids. They laugh and play ball and have fun like kids all over the world.
The farmer, Steve Sakuma (pictured below), has often told the story of how this group is the last in a long line of foreign workers. Early ones came from Norway or Russia; later ones from some Asian countries; and these mostly illegal workers are from Oaxaca.
By the way, this "farmer" is also a retired US Army Colonel who served his country for more than two decades, and deserves our respect for that.
One would think the instigators would have picked a better representative, to cut a deal with a man like Steve Sakuma, than a hooligan like Ramon Torres, who hurts women and sprays local residents with obscenities.If I were Sakuma, I would not even waste my time talking to that group.
But that is his business. For me, a long-time resident who loves living in this county, there are many benefits to how things have worked. And the frosting on the cake is that in the summer I get to buy delicious, just-picked berries, at an affordable price. Sakuma berries are the very best!
These instigators don't really care about the workers. Many of the Oaxacans can't understand them anyway. Many farm workers lost their jobs last year.
This year, thanks to the instigators, the farm workers and their families have lost their free places to live. Their quarters were dismal at best, but at least they provided protection from the elements, a way for the family to be together, and a sense of community for the people.Now, they sit freshly painted and remodeled … and empty.
The farmer knew they were coming back this year, so he built a fence around the farm office down the street from me. It reminded me of Auschwitz; I didn't understand. Until Friday when the Group Leader demonstrated he is nothing but a hot-head who wants to cause trouble instead of getting a job.
While I sympathize with the people that Familias Unidas Por La Justicia "claim" to represent, I resent their intrusion into my neighborhood, especially when I walk on the same road every day.
And Mr. Torres picked the wrong older woman to brush off with an obscenity. Tomorrow I'm buying my first can of mace.
This issue of illegal workers and poor treatment and low wages is not a simple one. But one that is so entangled with large segments of our economy. If all 11 or 12 million illegals were to disappear tomorrow, the crisis in many of our industries would be catastrophic for our country.There is no black and white … this is right, that is wrong. There are many shades of grey here. And the last thing any of us here need are outsiders to come into our community with the sole purpose of stirring up trouble.
I was so proud of the book this amazing young man wrote. Have so much admiration for the person he is and what he's accomplished.It is sad to think the success of his book has harmed the farmer who was generous enough to allow him inside and to harm the community that welcomed him with open arms.
Click on Read More to read the excerpt from Seth's book
Here is a picture of the party we hosted for Seth 10 years ago. Seth is in back left; I am seated with a black top middle right, surrounded by new friends.
Excerpt from "Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies" by Seth Holmes:
"A resident of one of the houses with panoramic views above one of the farm labor camps hosted my birthday one of the summers of my fieldwork. She supported my inviting people from several different parts of my life, including my mother from eastern Washington, my friends from local migrant and environmental advocacy organizations as well as PFLAG (Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays), my friend who kept daily vigil holding signs in front of the County Courthouse (including my favorite hand-written "Don't Bomb Anyone" sign), and several of the Triqui families with whom I had become friends. During the birthday picnic of party snack platters made by my Caucasian friends mixed with homemade tacos made by Triqui friends, people from different backgrounds played catch, pet the bunnies on the porch of the house, and attempted to communicate with broken "Spanglish" and body language. During this afternoon, the hostess of the party began an intermittent ongoing friendship with three of the children in one of the Triqui families. They often spent the afternoon together in the labor camp or at her house with her bunnies, teaching each other English and Spanish.
Perhaps because of this relationship, this area resident spearheaded an effort to stop the pollution of and dumping in the slow moving stream running through the labor camp, in which the children often played. She became notorious enough among some of the farmers and ranchers that she received threats. Around this time, she began writing articles in the local newspaper. Some of them were simply fun, human interest stories about gardening or local animals. However, she was fired shortly after her article specifically challenging the use of the phrase "illegal alien" as unhelpful and prejudicial led to numerous complaints from other county residents. When I inquired with the editorial staff of the newspaper about her being fired and her well-written critique of the prevalent linguistic symbol of "illegal alien," I was told that letting her go had nothing to do with that article and the ire it triggered, but rather that "we like to change up the column writers from time to time to be fair." This woman has since started her own blog, titled "Skagit Leeks," in which she discusses some of the interesting, uplifting, and questionable current affairs in the area. In these ways, human relationship and connection has led to local forms of solidarity that go beyond only what might be considered the pragmatic to challenge power structures and representations that are harmful to migrant farm workers."


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Download MX Player for Windows Phone & Nokia Lumia
Download MX Player for Windows Phone & Nokia Lumia
Mxplayer-download.co | Download MX Player For Windows Phone 7/8 / 8.1 / 10 (Nokia Lumia) – tag : MX Player 2018 for Windows Phone & Nokia Lumia, MX Player 2018 For Nokia, MX Player 2018, Download MX Player 2018 | MX Player for Windows Phone doesn't actually exist. The app founder is still trying to make it. That's unlucky facts for windows phone user actually as you know MX Player is so popular app. But, you will know the solution of this issue by reading this article till finish.
Especially, if you are Nokia user, you must read this article. MX Player for Nokia is also impossible. But, the similar app with the similar function exists. Do you want to know what it is? That is VLC for Windows Phone.
This app provides you the similar thing as MX Player provided. With some beneficial functions, this app can make your experience playing a video player better. Even though, this app doesn't give you much functions likes MX player given, you can still enjoy this app. When you play it, this app can play your videos smoothly.
This app also provides not only standard function; it can give more things favorable. VLC basically can be found in windows store, you can download it easily. The user interface of this app can be understood simply. It's not only that, but also the other functions can impress you.
It likes the VLC computer version. This app provides full audio player. Including the database, it can read all the bizarre audio formats. Do not worry if you find a peculiar audio or video format, this app can fix it for you. You just need to enjoy yourself while using this app.
Recommended : MX Player Pro 1.9.10 APK Download For Android
This app also can be used as media library. It can read all your files directly, as long as the files related to video or audio. You will be more impressed when you know this app is free. It's not only that but also this app is provided without add. You can relax yourself while using this app since nothing can distract you.
mx player download Another thing is this app support multi-track audio and subtitles reader. You don't need to fix the setting hardly since it can work automatically. Then, this app also contains adjustment that can control volume, gestures, seeking, and brightness. All of them just use gestures as controller. It's sophisticated, isn't it?
Another thing is this app can be used easily. Many components in this app are designed to be used easily. If you haven't used this kind of app before, you don't need to be worried. VLC for windows phone is really an easy app for all level users.
See Also : Download MX Player for MAC (iMac/Macbook Air/Pro)
So, are you a windows phone user? Are you really wanted to use the similar app like MX Player? Just do download VLC for windows phone, and then you will use an app that can make you feel better. This app can make your productivity goes up if you are person who is familiar with videos, film, or etc. To get this app is easily, so what are you waiting for?
In short, there isn't MX Player for Windows phone. But, you may try VLC for windows phone as a solution since this app is also cool as MX player.


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For the third time in as many years at the Collegiate National Track Championship, the MIT Cycling team has won the overall Omnium team award among Division II schools. This is despite only sending four riders to the 2010 event, held Sept. 23-25 in Indianapolis.
Track racing is a fast-paced and exciting branch of cycling that is held on an elliptical, banked track called a velodrome. Riders use a single fixed gear, and are not allowed to have brakes on their bikes. The sport had been more popular in the past, but is making a comeback. Although track racing obviously requires great physical strength and endurance — racing speeds approach 40 mph — it also demands intense mental toughness and strategic thinking.
In addition to winning the Team Omnium, just ahead of DePauw University and the U.S. Military Academy, MIT placed 10th in both the Team Sprint and the Team Pursuit. Some other highlights include almost all of team captain Mike Garrett's races. Garrett, a graduate student in nuclear science and engineering, has been racing track for many years. Mike took fourth in the 4 km Pursuit, fifth in the Points Race, and sixth in the Individual Omnium. Laura Ralston, a graduate student in economics, also managed an impressive 10th place in the Women's 3 km Pursuit.
Nick Loomis and Zach Labry, both graduate students in mechanical engineering, rounded out the team. Although this will probably be Loomis' last season racing with team, he was happy that "the track team has continued to interest a number of riders due to its variety of races, and this year's win is a great example of how that variation in skills came together through both the individual and team events to edge out our competition."
Although originally worried about the smaller-than-usual team, Garrett was thankful that "everyone worked together and raced exceptionally well to secure our third consecutive national title."
The MIT cycling team will be looking to defend its title in 2011. The team always welcomes new riders. For more information about the championship, or the cycling team in general, visit http://cycling.mit.edu/blog or http://cycling.mit.edu.


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Meghan Markle attends polo match featuring Prince Harry
- by Rocco Caracappa
- in Life&Culture
- — May 17, 2017
Pippa Middleton, the Duchess of Cambridge's sister, is getting married later this month and although there was initially a "no ring no bring" rule for guests' partners, Meghan was able to secure an invite to the reception.
GettyMeghan Markle has barely been out of the headlines recently - and all because of the man in her life, Prince Harry.
Meghan and Harry reportedly met last summer when a common friend introduced them.
Trouble in paradise? - No, we're not referring to Meghan Markle and Prince Harry's relationship. This is about her inner circle.
Pippa and James's wedding will take place in St Mark's Church in Englefield, Berkshire, close to the Middleton family home. For American actress, it was an honour to attend the exclusive event, moreover, people noted, that was the first ever public outing of Harry and Meghan. Mark adored Harry's former girlfriends Cressida Bonas and Chelsy Davy - but he really likes Meghan. The prince was known as a bad boy, sticking with his wild ways, and royal followers have been waiting for him to settle down. No one had expected Meghan to attend the events, so it was a welcome surprise to see her there. Earlier reports claimed Prince Harry has already proposed to Markle after earning the approval of Queen Elizabeth II.
Meghan Markle poses at P.S. Arts' "the pARTy!" in Los Angeles.
There have been many fans opposed to the relationship, however, and threats made against Markle and her family. In a highly unusual statement in November, Harry's Kensington Palace office lashed out at the media for intruding on his privacy in their pursuit of information about her. For him, it wasn't right to treat Meghan that way, and their life is not a game.
One of the most quintessentially British designers, Markle has previously shown a keenness for a number of Burberry pieces.
Princess Kate's two children - Prince George (page boy) and Princess Charlotte (bridesmaid) - will play significant parts in the ceremony.