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[Comment: The message started coming in last night before we finished the meditation so I had to hold it off for awhile until I could no longer resist and the words came fast and furious, then just stopped as suddenly as they began. ]
Question: Is there anything you have for us tonight?
Your light is so bright! You have no idea how strongly your energy is felt when you all connect together. You become a beacon for the entire world. [I had a visual of a world globe, with little lights flicking on until the entire planet lit up.]
As you gather in your little group, so too others are gathering and exchanging their light and love and energy. When all of you energize as you are doing tonight, you actually are powerful enough to change the balance of energy on your planet in a positive way.
Make no mistake – this is good work. Very, very good work. If all you do is what you have been doing, it is more than enough.
And, still, you push yourselves to do more, to grow faster, to learn more, to be more.
We applaud your willingness to go as far as you can and to set a pattern for others to follow. As you change and grow, you impact others simply by being present in a different way.
You are beginning to be more aware of this, which is good. It helps to validate your work and provide support for you each and for the group as a whole.
We place no demands on you and you can go as fast or as low as you feel is right for you.
We are here to assist you in any way you wish. We are always with you.
All is well as it is and all will be well with whatever happens.
About this blog: "Why are we here?" http://listentospirit.blogspot.com/2011/06/why-are-we-here.html


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Total posts: 1
Because your living in the wrong town.. your too far from me.. but it was good reading your message. I FEEL THE SAME WAY just a lot of people who saysone thing but do another. . I will it much quicker then coming here to find someone to chat with
Total posts: 17
I am also looking for an older, honest woman. I am 46, more femme, but would love to find a great older lady.
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subset: commoncrawl


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As some of you know, earlier this summer my graphic designer (the super-lovely and talented Anna Thompson) helped me reinvent my logo and branding. I was tickled with the results, and celebrated straightaway with a brand new set of letterpress business cards and stationery. The day I went to pick them up, all I could think of was the Woody Allen line from Annie Hall: "Love is too weak a word for what I feel - I luuurve [them], you know, I loave [them], I luff [them], (two F's!)." Beautiful, right?!?!
I was fascinated by the fact that among hundreds of cards, not one was off-kilter or off-center (no easy task with such a rectilinear logo!), and that the ink was perfectly distributed on every card - no exceptions. I've had cards and other things made by several printers, and have never had such consistency and attention to detail. In fact, I was so pleased by how they came out that I asked the owner whether he'd be willing to have me come and do a mini-session in his studio. I wanted to find out how he got such great results, both to satisfy my own curiosity and so I could share the love with you here... I know in particular that my spring brides-to-be are starting to think about invites and the like. Internet: meet Travis Friedrich of Parklife Press:D
Turns out the secret is no secret at all: like all quality work, Travis' is the result of time, experience, patience, talent, and exacting standards. There are no real short-cuts to his process - each card, invitation, announcement, and envelope is placed in the letterpress machine by hand, one by one.
I could wax poetic about how cool the printer itself is, too... a true work of genius from the machine age. It self-inks between each "press", then the plate touches down at just the right pressure to create a perfect indentation in the paper. Where letterpress used to be restricted to relief images created by typeset blocks, now any image, logo, or font can be prepared for letterpress use and re-created perfectly on paper in any number of colors or no color at all... some of the coolest pieces he showed me had texture embossed on the paper under the inked letterpress above.
The day I visited, Travis was working on a set of business cards for a local real estate agent. They were quite involved - each of the four ink colors had to be printed separately, and the double-sided card was actually a composite of two papers glued together. Each turned out as a stunning little work of art all it's own, the craftsmanship and quality readily apparent to anyone.
I also got to see some edge painting while I was there - where the edges of a card are painted a different color than the card itself. It's a popular trend among letterpress fans, but apparently there's no set standard of how edge painting is done. There's very little information online or on the various letterpress forums about how each printer does it, so here I present to you a big industry secret... shhh - don't tell! One of the really nice things about Parklife Press is that Travis offers optional design services (which he does himself) as well as calligraphy services (which he works with a calligrapher for). For the busy bride who still wants to have a gorgeous, custom set of letterpress, hand-addressed invitations, that can mean total one-stop-shopping :DAfter my Mr. Rogers-style field trip, I'm totally hooked. If I loved letterpress before, now I'm obsessed... and seeing it created in person gave the hand-crafted junkie in me a new rush. I can very honestly recommend Travis' work as some of the best (just in case you were wondering: this is neither a solicited nor paid endorsement). If you're on the market for letterpress (locally of course, but he also does work for people all over the world), here's his info:
As a special offer to my lovely readers, Travis is offering 20% off any order started before 10/7 when you mention you heard about Parklife Press through Megapixie Photography. This is an AMAZING discount, especially if you already know you need letterpress services sometime in the coming months. Travis wanted me to remind you that in order to take advantage of the discount, you don't necessarily need to finalize the order, but just contact him, open an order, and send in a deposit.
Thanks again, Travis... I'm handing my cards out like candy, so you can expect to hear from me again soon!


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I wake up in the morning and, as usual, start doing those exercises that undo the corruption to my system the usual through the night DEW attacks cause. I have to move to an area I know is less prone to attacks, and be quick about what I am doing to get anything from the activities.
I know that my evasive tactics are working because, while I am about my morning routine, a perp upstairs always comes to the steps where I can hear him, coughing, whistling and spattering loudly, making precisely those noises they have sensitized me to.
He is attempting to frustrate my attempts to do the right thing by making me know he is watching? What kind of imagination is that?
I have rushed up the stairs an few times, but the perp always anticipates my coming and disappears behind doors only those with a key to the block of flats on that side can enter. No need even trying, the perp is always ahead of me what with equipment strait out of the establishment's classified weapons store.
I have tried to imagine how this perp looks. He probably has a sagging belly, fat feminine breasts, unsightly turkey neck, ugly as hell. I meet these kinds a lot on the streets and I try my level best to avoid looking directly at them, lest they feel even less than they are. I have found that the motivation for what they do, though covered with a transparent veneer of national security or survival, is nothing other than outright jealousy. For example, showing them how my body really looks always leads to screams, after which attacks intensify.
This bunch, all the way up to the top where commands are issued, are in the grips of complexes that they have over the years learnt to cover up with cool sounding motivations, which don't stick. It makes me puke every time they attempt to gain my attention, showing off nothing other than the fact they are psychopaths who are no better than the average paedophile, deviants that have no business attempting to even control one like me. Go is go, and attempts to frustrate the progress of someone after the order is simply revealing the core that is as low of self esteem as can be.
Dutch TV reporter handcuffs herself to Hugh Grant at Amsterdam premiere of Music & Lyrics.
I find the image of a Dutch fan chaining herself to the actor Hugh Grant to be an apt pun, philistine fool, but then who would expect a psychopath who gets his kicks from locking people up to reciprocate?
As soon as I leave the relative security of the high rise building, all hell breaks loose, and each time, everyday, I ask myself why I pretend?
The way I really feel I should be clad while going about my day's activities. Provided the base can also be made of conducting material that has a grounding effect, this would be the best way of getting around in a DEW happy city like London.
When you have not had food for a while, you get hungry. Hunger is not so much the body telling you to replenish it, but the feeling your brains have learnt to identify as hunger. Because you are a living being that requires to process food, or shall we say uses food as the energy for life, the lack of it in the system is bound to be felt, from the very point where it is utilized to where it is absorbed, as each and every part of the body, including your stomach that will start pulling at crumbs stuck to its inner walls, will be running out of reserves of life energy.
If you have a pathogen in your body that is winning the fight against the body's natural defence mechanism, you feel weak and unwell. Again, as with hunger, there is no need for the presence within you of a mechanism specially designed to warn you something has invaded your body. Entry of foreign bodies into your system will trigger a reaction of rejection from your body during which it sends soldiers in the form of white blood cells that put their all into getting rid of the invaders. A battle ensues during which trial and error leads to lessons on fighting this new kind of invasion that will get stored in the system's memory for future use. This capacity to learn how to deal with different kind of threats means the body has a mechanism for switching attack types until it finds one that works.
All of this and more has to happen as fast as possible before the system gets overwhelmed, in which case demise will be the next step, meaning the body diverts its life energy reserves to this battle happening within the depths that will require more resources when the new invader is winning (otherwise you will not even be aware of this fight), as such you are going to feel weak. Also, because your body has been invaded by foreign elements that are causing damage, it starts diverting resources for repair work.
The combination of elements suddenly released into the blood is equal to a change in your body constitution that can be likened to taking a strong drug. This different blood constitution is definitely going to make you feel different mentally (dizzy, giddy) and leave a strange taste in your mouth fluids. Adding this sensation to the enervation due to diversion of resources, you get the unique feeling of being sick that is going to be different for different diseases.
To say your body has ways of telling you of states is to imply there is an inherent mechanism that kicks in as soon as a certain condition is reached, similar to an alarm, which is not really the case. What is happening in all cases where such a mechanism is supposedly kicking in, including what happens when you get physical trauma, etc., is as straightforward as the system monitoring change. Changes such as injury, hunger, sexual arousal, heat, cold and disease happen frequently enough in our lives so that the mind has ample time to store the sensation to memory and easily be able to identify it in future. If you were to accidentally sit on a thorn you have not seen, you will not know it is a thorn, but you will know some object is pricking your skin, from memory.
Becoming a target of microwave attacks is no different in this respect. Let me disappoint by adding to this that a difference does exist which, once explained, supports the assertion. This difference is that as long as attacks are done properly, the victim will notice change, but will attribute it to something else, for example wrongly feel their home is incredibly hot, think they are sick, and at times strangers who may or may not be in on the attacks, who may be doctors, may honestly or deliberately diagnose schizophrenia, or some other disease, including cancers (on seeing the blister formations).
In real life, attackers can never be careful enough. There will always be the moment when the wattage is high enough to cause either an actual burning sensation or a feeling of being electrocuted, if not cause blisters or surface or sub-dermal burns. Also, as was the case with me, it may become hard to reach the target because they have erected obstructions, and visible results are demanded from the leaders to show to the public. Attackers then have no choice but to launch brutal attacks that become as discernible as what you may observe when test subjects are exposed to declassified military weapons, such as the American Military's new microwave ray gun intended to break up demonstrations and such.
But once someone makes you wise to what is really going on, and if you are really a target of DEW attacks, there is no turning back. Each and every time you are attacked with the weapon you will know, and you will be able to tell, even when in retrospect, that this was the case, when others looking at you react to the effect that subtle attacks using low intensity levels have on how you look.
With this in mind, I am finding more and more that it does not make sense going around town all exposed when I know I am becoming a target of opportunistic microwave weapon attacks wherever I go, not to mention the poisoning attempts using an endless gang of especially horrible looking, former east European alcoholics, in most probability ex-KGB, who have flocked to the west since their countries entered NATO, and are roaming the streets ready to do anything for a buck.
To hell with thoughts of being considered abnormal if being normal means roaming the streets unprotected, getting zapped all the time, taking to motorized vehicles and clinging to parts or sections where there is most metal, which includes sticking to the steps on double-deckers, to minimize the duration you are exposed to such weapons, only to end up in traffic jams.
What is the point of walking on the streets when you know you are going to get zapped into a state? You might as well stay in one location where you are safe from such attacks, otherwise, if you have to move to survive, and there are no alternative, safe routes to take, then it makes sense that you go out there wearing as much protection as is possible.
It should really not matter that the majority of the population is still finding it hard accepting the reality microwave attacks are really happening, that there are people in society who are being attacked 24/7.
Apart from those who are part of the psychopath gang, primitives capable of having a ball zapping people up and down the land, I really do not think it should matter what the public thinks, provided we are not breaking any laws by being clad thusly, provided we are not causing any harm to the environment.
It is not as though being dressed in this way could get one sectioned.
Frankly, I cannot get nor tolerate people who cannot take the trouble to do the research, those who are so foolhardy they think it is necessary, and others who are going around thinking targets of directed energy weapons are misreading other symptoms, especially by implying some people are just sensitive to the overabundance of RF energies concomitant to modern day life. I think I have said all that needs to be said in answer to this group, though I cannot resist the temptation to add that if reality is vague to you, if your senses are so blunt you cannot tell whether you are sick or getting zapped, then you can mistake mobile phone emissions for a concentrated blast from a high power microwave, do not make the mistake of projecting this on others.
I do break out in a sweat on a hot day if I hold my mobile phone to my ear while using it, as opposed to when I use earphones, but then this is due to the fact I have become sensitive to RFs due to the attacks I endured before. Still, mistaking such sensitivity for an actual attack with a DEW, is impossible. If you were to be in my shoes, then I assure you that the same will apply.
I think we are defeating the purpose of raising awareness if we remain fearful of what it will make us look like if we were to go all out in a system that has gone all out against us in this war. Anti microwave gear should become fashion, forget the recent attempts to make fun of people who wear such things, including those who have gone to exceptional lengths attempting to prove, using what is purported to be high tech equipment, that wearing a tin foil hat can amplify some frequencies. Keep in mind the interaction of any electromagnetic waves with conducting material should have an attenuating effect, that when you wrap food in tin foil and place it in a microwave oven, it will not cook properly. Do not worry that the tin foil eventually burns in a microwave. This is because the device gives out high power levels. These are levels that the army will never use on its own citizens. The last thing the government will want to do to you is provide evidence that they are attacking you, least of all cause harm that could get them sued.
Tin foil hats work, provided they are layered sufficiently and, because they cannot easily be grounded, should be designed of two layers insulated from each other. This will have a higher blocking effect.
As for the amplification effect some pseudo scientists have been talking about, I am curious what the frequencies in question really are. Also, I do know that microwaves have corporeal existence. They are matter, and where energy conversions are in effect, nothing can come from nothing. The scientists in the experiment, that I find deliberately designed to make fun of targeted individuals, do not attempt to find where the extra energy required for amplification is being generated from.
This here, believe me, is fake science.
Wednesday, 30 July 2008
Question For Targets: Does It Make Sense The Way We Carry On?
I wake up in the morning and, as usual, start doing those exercises that undo the corruption to my system the usual through the night DEW attacks cause. I have to move to an area I know is less prone to attacks, and be quick about what I am doing to get anything from the activities.
Posted by Mukazo Vunda at 14:38
2 comments:
I know a woman in this city who is a targeted individual. She related how her upstairs neighbour starts making so much noise as soon as and whenever she starts praying,, that it became impossible to continue. She resorted to going outdoors, a distance away from the house to pray. She also told of how she is always made aware that she is being watched, and that as soon as she opens her eyes in the morning.
- Wednesday, July 30, 2008
- Philip said...
Re: Amplification of microwaves - it might be that the interior of the tinfoil hat, or the space between the hat and the head (if any), can act as a cavity resonator, such that standing waves can be built up in them by a suitably tuned frequency of electromagnetic radiation. The experiment (I saw it) was sloppy, and didn't examine this possibility - I suspect deliberately.
NB: properly designed electromagnetic weapon countermeasures will cover the forehead down as far as the lids of the eyes, over the ears, and down to the base of the neck, level with the tops of the shoulders.
A similar resonant principle exists within the human body - the areas of pain you feel may be of different sizes, which you can measure. The size is probably related to the frequency of radiation used, which will be preferentially absorbed by 'resonant dipoles' formed by conducting or low-resistance structures within the body.
If the size of the area affected relates to the frequency of radiation the weapon produces, localized pain may not always indicate a narrow beam, but a general attack in which some parts of the body support standing waves.
- Friday, April 30, 2010


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This study observed the relations between actual body size, body dissatisfaction, frequency of selfies taken, and number of Instagram selfies posted. Results indicated that actual body size was positively related to body dissatisfaction, and negatively related to the number of selfies taken. Results also revealed a positive relationship between body dissatisfaction and selfies taken. Conversely, no correlations were detected between the frequency of selfies posted to Instagram and either actual body size or body image dissatisfaction.
Literature review
Limitations and conclusions
The term millennial has gained popularity in reference to the age cohort that directly follows Generation-X (Howe and Strauss, 2000; Strauss and Howe, 1991). The Pew Research Center defines millennials as individuals born between 1981 and 1997 (Fry, 2016). In their body of work regarding generational theory, Strauss and Howe argue that each generation takes on unique traits and forms a sense of shared identity due to their shared social and historical experiences. Millennials are still establishing their collective adult identity, but are often characterized by their status as the first generation to have come of age in the digital era.
During the latter part of the twentieth century, most media socialization occurred in the form of one-to-many television and radio broadcasts designed for collective family viewing. The Internet has ushered a change in media habits, particularly for millennials who have never experienced life without digital technology. For example, the mass adoption of mobile media devices (e.g., tablets, cell phones, and laptops) has created a "bedroom culture" in which millennials partake in highly personalized and private media worlds (Livingstone, 2002). This shift in media is further compounded by the rise of social network sites (SNS) and other online venues that enable individuals to construct and display their identities while interacting with other network members (boyd and Ellison, 2007). The enlarged sense of media personalization and tendency to use the Internet for social purposes has led many millennials to become increasingly invested in developing an idealized online self that they can present to the world (Gonzales and Hancock, 2011). The pursuit of an idealized online self could, however, provide a dangerous playground for adolescents and young adults who suffer from body dissatisfaction or other esteem issues.
Instagram is an image-based SNS that is particularly popular among the millennial generation. Instagram allows users to take photos, post these photos to their personalized pages, and further disseminate the content by linking through other social media accounts. The popularity of Instagram is often linked with the rise of a new social phenomenon known as selfies (i.e., self-portrait style photographs). The selfie phenomenon has gained a great deal of public attention, with selfie being named the 2013 word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries [1]. Despite its social importance, the selfie phenomenon remains relatively untested within the scholarly community. This void is noteworthy because selfies might help Instagram users display their identities in a physical or body-centric manner. A selfie's focus on physical form might come with unintended associations for users who possess different levels of confidence and comfort with their bodies. The present study seeks to address this issue by examining the prevalence of selfie taking and posting among young women of the millennial generation, while seeking to determine whether the frequency of selfies taken and posted to Instagram are related to users' actual body size and sense of body dissatisfaction. This knowledge will help identify the extent to which the selfie trend is tied to larger issues of body image for young women.
Female body image
Body image refers to the perceptions and attitudes that individuals hold about their own bodies in relation to larger cultural expectations (Davison and McCabe, 2005). As summarized by Szymanski, et al. (2011), body image involves self-assessments of many different bodily features such as skin tone, proportions, and size. Body image is important because it entails making social and cultural comparisons that might feed into a person's sense of physical attractiveness and larger self-worth (Cash, 2002). Although body image is important for both men and women, objectification theory (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997) asserts that women are more likely to be seen as physical and sexual objects whose social value can be inferred from bodily appearance. As such, women are more likely to engage in forms of self-objectification that confirm the sense of connection between their physical bodies and their sense of self-worth.
Expectations regarding the ideal female body size and shape have varied across time and culture. In modern Western society the ideal female body typically involves forms of thinness that might range from toned and athletic to slim and lanky (Pelegrini, et al., 2014). The current privileging of the thin female body could possess important ramifications for millennial women. More than half of the United States adult population can be classified as either overweight or obese, which reflects a growing sense of discrepancy between real bodies and social norms of female body beauty (Pesa, et al., 2000). Indeed, approximately half of American girls aged 11–16 report being unhappy with their body image (White and Halliwell, 2010). Although women tend to report greater body dissatisfaction than men (Furnham, et al., 2002), existing research has revealed a correlation between body image and self-esteem among both young adult men (Olivardia, et al., 2004) and young adult women (Fabian and Thompson, 1989). Individuals who possess a poor sense of body image are also more likely to develop mental and physical issues such as eating disorders (Dittmar, 2009). Unfortunately, more than 30 million Americans suffer from an eating disorder at some point during their lives, with two-thirds of this group composed of women (Wade, et al., 2011).
Mass media is often cited as a culprit behind the growing trend of body dissatisfaction among young women (Dittmar, 2009). Mass media tends to portray women of below average thinness, and retouches and airbrushes their subjects until they reach unrealistically perfect levels of physical beauty (Hass, et al., 2012). Young women might develop body image issues if they compare themselves to social norms of beauty as displayed in these media representations (Bergstrom, et al., 2009). Indeed, the viewing of idealistically thin physical media models has been found to correlate with negative body image.
As previously mentioned, the desire for women to obtain social norms of beauty is not new, and has occurred in many forms of mass media. However, social media has created new platforms for women to develop, display, and reflect on their body image. Whereas traditional broadcast media portrays unknown professional models, social media allows users to portray themselves while viewing other "real people" that they often know in the off-line world. In this way, social media raises new questions in regard to body image.
Social media
Social media can be distinguished from more traditional broadcast media in several ways. Perloff (2014) summarizes that social media is more interactive than traditional broadcast media, and therefore provides users with more agency to personalize and control their experience. Users can select the social media platforms and expressive tools that best fit their own needs and personality. Along with this sense of personalization, social media possesses a more identity-based and relationally motivated nature than traditional broadcast media because it encourages users to display their unique selves and interact with other users on a personal level (Acquisti and Gross, 2006). As such, social media has become a vital tool for individuals to build and maintain their off-line and online reputations and relationships (Madden and Smith, 2010).
The fact that social media possesses components of identity display and relational communication indicates that these venues may have differing audience effects from traditional media. Countless studies reveal that mass media consumption has the potential to influence various dimensions of users' body image (for review, see Levine and Harrison, 2009, 2004). The connection between body image and social media, however, remains less clear.
Clues might be gathered from related research regarding the connection between social media and self-esteem. For example, Vogel, et al. (2014) found that the frequency of Facebook use predicted lower self-esteem among young adults, yet this relationship was mediated by users degree of upward social comparison. In other words, participants' self-esteem decreased as they spent more time on Facebook comparing themselves to figures of seemingly higher social status. A similar study revealed a negative correlation between self-esteem and the frequency and length of young adults' Facebook sessions (Mehdizadeh, 2010). These findings are pertinent to the present study's focus on body image due to the established link between body image and self-esteem (e.g., Fabian and Thompson, 1989). These studies, however, focused mainly on the frequency of Facebook use, and did not directly examine issues of body image or body dissatisfaction.
Facebook is a powerful and popular social media tool that incorporates text, pictures, group events, and other affordances to create an all-encompassing social media experience. Instagram, on the other hand, specifically focuses on the dissemination and consumption of personal photographs. In this way, Instagram could potentially display a more direct relationship between women's body image and activity on the site. Instagram selfies are a particularly interesting phenomenon, as they allow the uploading of self-taken photographs that focus on users' physical appearance. Selfies therefore provide a unique opportunity to identify correlations between self-created image content and the perception of one's body image.
This study
The image-based SNS Instagram began in 2010 and quickly rose to support more than 500 million active monthly users who shared 95 million photos every day as of June 2016 (Instagram, n.d.). The popular SNS was sold to Facebook for one billion dollars during 2012, and can now be linked with users' Facebook pages. The high social value and "buzz" surrounding Instagram makes the site a worthy topic of inquiry. The mobile aspect of Instagram provides an online platform for people to share pictures quickly and smoothly wherever they are. Simply put, it is "a smartphone application that purports to offer a new mode of instantaneous visual communication" (Champion, 2012). It encourages further social interaction through tags, comments, Likes and private messages from one user to another.
Social media has developed its own set of interactional norms. Facebook users, for example, have been found to adhere to tacit norms of friendship behavior (Bryant and Marmo, 2012). Meanwhile, Instagram has developed its own culture and etiquette (Orlander, 2014). People know what to share, what to like, as well as when and how to do these activities in ways that adhere to the latest trends. Two popular Instagram trends are #TBT (i.e., Throwback Thursday, re-posting old pictures on Thursdays with hopes of reminiscing about the past) and #SelfieSunday (i.e., posting self-portraits on Sundays). Although #ThrowbackThursday remains popular, the use of selfies has spread far beyond the constraints of a single day.
Selfies have attracted a great deal of attention and curiosity because of what they can achieve in today's world. As actor James Franco (2013) described in a New York Times article, "In a visual culture, the selfie quickly and easily shows, not tells, how you're feeling, where you are, what you're doing. [...] In our age of social media, the selfie is the new way to look someone right in the eye and say, 'Hello, this is me'." [2]. In this way, the popularity of selfies might derive from their immense power as devices for displaying identity. Other users can show approval or disapproval by Liking or commenting on a selfie that has been posted; creating a media stage for attention-seeking users to put on their best identity performances and receive feedback from their peers.
Although social media has become a prevalent area of study, Instagram has received relatively little scholarly attention. Existing research has looked at Instagram's impact on human rights activism such as the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge (Herman, 2014), as well as how the site affects the dissemination and aesthetic composition of contemporary photography (Champion, 2012). The present study will extend the focus of scholarly Instagram research to the topic of selfies and body image.
Selfies have become a popular topic of media discussion. One Time article, for instance, inferred that selfies are often posted as an act of narcissism or desire of self-affirmation (Bennett, 2014). At the same time, the article argued that selfies could provide women the power to redefine beauty and challenge the thin ideal that has become the media norm. The potential for selfies to subvert unhealthy body ideals might, however, remain unrealized if users continue to uphold current social norms in their use of selfies.
The present study seeks to better understand the phenomenon of Instagram selfies, particularly in relation to the body image of young adult women. Before examining the relationship between selfies and body image, it is first necessary to determine the prevalence of selfies among young adult women. To do so, the present study will distinguish between how many selfies the average young woman: 1) takes, and 2) posts to Instagram. This distinction enables potentially divergent trends. For example, some women might take a large number of selfies for their own purposes, yet post only a small number of these selfies for others to see. Moreover, taking selfies can be conceptualized as a private activity, whereas posting selfies takes on an inherently public nature that involves a desire, or at the very least willingness, to garner attention from others. This distinction could be of importance when considering the relationship between selfies and body image. As a result, the following question will be tested:
RQ1: How frequently do female Instagram users 1) take selfies, and 2) post selfies?
As previously mentioned, there is much debate regarding the effects that social media posts such as selfies might have on young women, specifically in regard to body image. Body image can be assessed in many different ways, but the present study will focus on body dissatisfaction by asking participants to consider their own body image in relation to their unique sense of the ideally beautiful body.
The present study also seeks to understand whether actual body size is related to participants' likelihood of taking and posting selfies, which will be accomplished by calculating each participant's body mass index (BMI). Hence, actual body size represents a more objective indicator of participant's bodies, which is not sensitive to personal perception. That said, it is likely that these two body-related indicators will be related, such that participants with a higher BMI will report greater body dissatisfaction. The following hypothesis will be tested:
H1: Participants actual body size (i.e., BMI) will be positively related to their reported sense of body dissatisfaction.
Various predictions might be made regarding the potential associations between actual body size, body dissatisfaction, and selfies. It is possible that young womens' use of selfies is partially informed by their actual body size. At the same time, it is plausible that actual body size matters much less than a participant's sense of (dis)satisfaction with her size. A woman who is content with a larger body size, for example, might be more likely to proudly share a selfie than a relatively smaller woman who suffers from poor body image. As previously reviewed, selfies might be seen as an act of identity display as well as an attention-seeking behaviour. In either case, the taking and/or posting of selfies might be connected with one's sense of body image. Whether this relationship is positive or negative, however, is more debatable. On one hand, young women who experience a large amount of body dissatisfaction might take and/or post selfies in an attempt to garner affirming messages that might boost their own self-confidence. In this case, body dissatisfaction might positively correlate with the number of selfies taken and posted. On the other hand, individuals with poor body image might be too self-conscious to take and/or post selfies that would draw attention to their bodies; implying a potential negative relationship between body dissatisfaction and the taking and/or posting of selfies. Due to these divergent speculations, the present study will test the following research questions:
RQ2: Does actual body size predict the number of selfies taken?
RQ3: Does body dissatisfaction predict the number of selfies taken?
RQ4: Does actual body size predict the number of selfies posted to Instagram?
RQ5: Does body dissatisfaction predict the number of selfies posted to Instagram?
Participants and procedures
The sample consisted of 130 female college students ranging from 18–32 years of age (M = 19.9; SD = 1.62). Of the sample, 28 percent were freshmen, 57 percent were sophomores, nine percent were juniors, and six percent were seniors. This sample size was appropriate because analysis using G*Power revealed that a sample of 107 participants would provide enough power to detect moderate effect sizes for the statistical tests conducted within the present study.
Participants were recruited via Facebook to complete an online survey. After posting the survey link to their own pages and various university and group pages, the researchers created a snowball effect by asking other users to share the link. After providing informed consent, participants completed a three-part questionnaire. After confirming their status as active Instagram users, the first portion of the survey asked participants to answer a series of questions about their selfie behavior. Using a definition from Storella (2014), participants were provided with the following instructions:
Answer the following based on your personal Instagram account. If you cannot recall specifics, scroll through your Instagram feed. Please keep in mind the definition of a selfie, which is "a digital self-portrait usually taken with the use of a camera phone."
To further increase clarity, participants were asked to focus only on solo-selfies (i.e., self-portraits containing only their own image) rather than group-selfies (i.e., self-portraits taken by one member of a group; also known as "group hold-outs" or "groupie" photos). The second part of the questionnaire included items about participants' physical bodies and body image. The final portion of the survey collected basic demographic information. All study procedures were given approval by the Institutional Review Board at the researchers' university.
Number of selfies taken and posted. In attempting to assess selfie-related behavior, it was necessary to determine an adequate length of time that was long enough to provide variability, yet short enough to enable participant recall. An article from the Telegraph estimated that the "average person posts over 100 selfies a year." [3]. This number of selfies breaks down to less than 10 per month, which was determined to be a small enough number for most individuals to comprehend with relative accuracy. Hence, the number of selfies taken was assessed using an open-ended item that asked participants how many solo-selfies they take — in general — during a typical month. Likewise, the number of selfies posted was similarly measured using an open-ended question that asked participants how many solo-selfies they post to Instagram during a typical month.
Actual body size. Participants' actual body size was assessed in the form of their body mass index (BMI). The BMI is a commonly used indicator of body size that is calculated by measuring a person"s weight (in kilograms) and dividing it by their height squared (in centimeters). According to the National Institute of Health (n.d.), BMI ranges are commonly defined using the following ranges: less than 18.5 is underweight; 18.5–24.9 is normal weight; 25–29.9 is overweight; and greater than 30 is obese. The average BMI in the present study was 21.59 (SD = 3.17).
Body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction was assessed using the Body Image Assessment Scale-Body Dimensions (or BIAS-BD). The BIAS-BD, tested in a study by Gardner, et al. (2009), uses a pictorial scale of silhouette figures that are designed to represent various body sizes that range from 60–140 percent of the typical female BMI. The BIAS-BD was originally created by the U.S. Air Force Material Command using a program known as GEBOD, or the Generator of Body Data. The GEBOD drew from a sample of 4,325 participants, and utilized a regression formula to create silhouettes at five percent intervals of body size from 60 percent to 140 percent of the average female body; each of the 17 silhouettes represents a different BMI while maintaining the same body proportions.
Participants in the present study were provided with the BIAS-BD's pictorial scale of silhouette figures (See Figure 1), and asked to answer the following questions: 1) "Of the body silhouettes shown above, indicate the one that most accurately resembles your current body size," and 2) "Of the body silhouettes shown above, indicate the one that best represents your ideal body size." Response options ranged from 1–17, with 1 representing the smallest silhouette at 60 percent of the typical adult female BMI, and 17 representing the largest silhouette representing a person with a BMI of 140 percent of the typical adult female BMI. Body dissatisfaction was assessed by calculating the difference between the BMI percentage associated with the selected current body size silhouette, and BMI percentage corresponding with the selected ideal body size silhouette. Absolute values were utilized so that it did not matter how participants were dissatisfied (i.e., as too small or too large); only the extent to which they wanted a different size than their current perceived size. As such, body dissatisfaction scores were represented in the form of a percentage, with 0 percent representing no desired body change, and subsequently larger scores representing proportionately larger desired body change. On average, participants indicated that that their current body was best represented by the silhouettes corresponding to 85 percent of the typical female body size, and that their ideal body size would correspond with the silhouette representing 75 percent of the normal female body size.
Figure 1: BIAS-BD scale item.
RQ1 asked how frequently female Instagram users take selfies and post them to Instagram. Results indicated that participants were far more likely to take selfies than they were to actually post them. Participants reported taking an average of approximately 17 selfies each month (SD = 41.836), yet averaged only 0.34 selfies uploaded to Instagram during an average month (SD = .83).
H1 predicted that actual body size (BMI) would be positively related to participants' sense of body dissatisfaction. Results from a bivariate correlation test revealed a moderate positive correlation between actual body size (M = 21.59, SD = 3.17) and body dissatisfaction (M = 13.76, SD = 11.74); r = .44, p < .001. Actual body size accounted for 19.4 percent of the variance in body dissatisfaction. As such, H1 was supported.
RQ2 asked whether a woman's actual body size would be related to the number of selfies taken. RQ3 similarly asked whether a significant relationship would exist between a woman's sense of body dissatisfaction and the number of selfies taken. These two research questions were tested using linear regression analysis with selfies taken per month serving as the criterion variable, and actual body size and perceived body dissatisfaction serving as the predictor variables. Age was considered as a potential covariate, but was removed due to a lack of significance within the final model. The final model revealed a significant multivariate effect on the number of selfies taken per month: R = .29, Total R2 = 0.09; adjusted R2 = 0.07; F (2, 103) = 4.76, p = .01. Collinearity diagnostics were unremarkable (VIF = 1.23, Tolerance = .81). More specifically, actual body size (B = -2.91, SE B = 1.38, β = -.22, p = .04) and perceived body dissatisfaction (B = 1.10, SE B = .37, β = .31, p = .004) both predicted the number of selfies taken per month. In response to RQ2, actual body size was inversely related to the number of selfies taken; such that possessing a lower BMI predicted more selfies taken. In response to RQ3, results revealed a positive relationship between body dissatisfaction and selfies taken; such that being more dissatisfied with one's body predicted more selfies taken. Of note, body dissatisfaction displayed larger weighting within the overall model.
RQ4 asked whether participants' actual BMI would predict the number of selfies they upload to Instagram. RQ5 similarly explored whether participants' sense of body dissatisfaction would predict the number of selfies they upload to Instagram. These questions were tested using linear regression analysis with the number of selfies uploaded to Instagram as the criterion variable, and participant's actual body size (BMI) and perceived body dissatisfaction serving as the predictors. Once again, participant age was considered yet ultimately removed as a covariate due to a lack of significance. The final model did not reveal a significant multivariate effect on the number of selfies posted to Instagram per month: R = .10, Total R2 = 0.011; adjusted R2 = - .009; F (2, 104) = .54, p = .58. More specifically, neither actual body size (B = -.03, SE B = .03, β = -.10, p = .37) nor body dissatisfaction (B = -.001, SE B = .008, β = -.007, p = .95) reached univariate significance. In response to the research questions, actual body size (RQ4) and body dissatisfaction (RQ5) were not related to the number of selfies uploaded to Instagram per month.
The present study examined the connections between selfies, actual body size (BMI), and body dissatisfaction. This set of variables enabled two important distinctions that contribute to the growing body of literature regarding body image and social media: 1) between the effects of actual body size and body image perception, and 2) between selfies taken and selfies posted to Instagram. Several important take-away points can be gleaned from the present study's results.
Body image and actual body size
Analysis of H1 revealed a moderate relationship between the actual body size and body dissatisfaction, which offers two interesting pieces of information. First, although the variables were related, this relationship accounted for only 20 percent of the total variance. This implies that actual body size and body dissatisfaction should, indeed, be considered separately. Second, the moderate positive relationship signals that despite other potential factors of importance, individuals with a larger body size are more likely to report body dissatisfaction. This finding is fairly intuitive — overweight or obese individuals will likely experience more body dissatisfaction — yet the implications are actually somewhat more complex when the specific results are interrogated.
Although not directly related to a hypothesis or research question, the reported statistics related to actual body size (BMI) and body dissatisfaction (based on the BIAS-BD) speak toward the state of body image perception for women in America. According to the National Institutes of Health (n.d.), the ideal BMI range for a healthy adult falls between 18.4 and 24.9. The average BMI in the present study was 21.59 (SD = 3.17); indicating that the majority of participants were within a perfectly healthy BMI range. That said, the average participant's score for body dissatisfaction revealed a desire for an approximately 10 percent change in body size, and this change was almost exclusively oriented towards being more thin. This finding supports previous claims (e.g., Bergstrom, et al., 2009), suggesting that the thin ideal portrayed in media has affected the way that young women view their own bodies.
Predicting the frequency of selfies taken and posted
The present study distinguished between the number of solo selfies taken per month and the number of solo selfies posted to Instagram per month. This distinction was made to better understand whether the more private act of taking selfies diverges from the inherently public act of posting selfies on Instagram. Results from RQ1 indicated that young women are far more likely to take selfies than they are to post them. The average woman reported posting less than one selfie to Instagram during an average month, despite taking an average of 17 selfies during the same time period. Although many people are quick to assume that selfies are motivated by a narcissistic need for attention, these results suggest that selfies likely serve a more private and internal purpose for young women. The present study did not seek to examine user's motives for taking and posting selfies, but doing so could provide a useful line of future research.
Our findings for RQ2–RQ5 revealed that the decision to distinguish between selfies taken and selfies posted to Instagram was extremely important. Actual body size and perceived body dissatisfaction both predicted the number of selfies taken (with body dissatisfaction as the strongest predictor), yet neither significantly predicted the number of selfies uploaded to Instagram. One statistical explanation for this finding is that there was more variability in the number of selfies taken than in the number of selfies posted. Another potential explanation lies within the private/public nature of the two types of selfie activity. Taking selfies is private and therefore likely to be driven by internally focused motivations, whereas posting selfies is likely to involve aspects of external attention and validation. When interpreted together, these results suggest that women of divergent sizes and levels of body satisfaction are equally likely to post selfies in the public Instagram venue, yet might differ in the internal processes that drive their decisions to take selfies. While it is semi-perplexing that being both thin and dissatisfied with one's body predicted selfie taking in the present study, these results suggest that there are additional variables at work. For example, future research should examine the gratifications that young women obtain from both privately taking and publicly posting selfies to determine whether these gratifications are related to body size and body image. Perhaps some women take selfies to celebrate their bodies, while others take selfies to monitor and/or judge their bodies. Likewise, future research should explore whether women with divergent body sizes and body images are likely to take different kinds of selfies; such as body centric versus facial centric images. It is plausible that body size and body image influence the actual qualitative nature of the selfie photos that young women take and post. These possibilities are speculative, however, as they extend beyond the reach of the present study.
The present study provides an exploratory analysis of how body size and body image influences the taking and posting of selfies. This analysis provides much insight, but is not without limitations. First, the present study possessed enough power to detect results, but was still limited by the relatively small and convenience-based nature of the sample. Future research should correct this by expanding to other populations (e.g., male Instagram users and different age groups). Given that norms of body beauty are culturally situated (Szymanski, et al., 2011), it would also be useful for researchers to test similar concepts using an international sample.
A second limitation is that the present study focused purely on Instagram, and did not look at the posting of selfies on other forms of social media. Young women likely select from an array of social media tools such as Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat when posting different types of content. Future research should seek to determine whether the affordances of each platform might provoke differences in selfie-related behaviors. Likewise, the present study examined the number of selfies posted on Instagram, but did not assess the overall amount of time spent using Instagram or other forms of social media. The overall time spent on Instagram and other social media sties — even if passively browsing content — could be an important variable for future research to examine in relation to body image perception.
A third limitation is that the present study did not assess potentially relevant psychological variables such as self-esteem and social comparison. Existing research suggests that self-esteem is related to body image (Fabian and Thompson, 1989), and that both self-esteem and upward social comparisons are associated with the frequency of Facebook use (Mehdizadeh, 2010; Vogel, et al., 2014). Future research should therefore seek to address the role of self-esteem and social comparison within the context of body image perception, selfies, and social media.
A fourth limitation lies within the present study's use of BMI as an indicator of actual body size. As previously discussed, BMI is calculated by measuring a person's weight (in kilograms) and dividing it by their height squared (in centimeters) (National Institutes of Health, n.d.). BMI can be easily calculated based on information that is readily available to most participants, and is therefore an ideal indicator of actual body size for naturalistic social science research. BMI cannot, however, be interpreted as indicative of overall body health because it does not account for a person's percentage of lean and fatty body mass. This limitation is important because current cultural norms of body beauty tend to privilege thinness (Pelegrini, et al., 2014). Recent social movements, such as the fat acceptance movement, have sought to disrupt the anti-fat discourse that can provoke forms of body-based shaming and discrimination (see Cooper, 2010). The medical warrants of this movement are widely debated, but its popularity indicates that more and more women are seeking ways to reaffirm their own bodies while rejecting the pressure to be thin. Future research should therefore seek to examine selfie taking and posting within the context of not only BMI, but also: 1) participants' actual body composition (e.g., body fat percentage), and 2) participants' perceptions regarding the desirability of thinness and/or acceptance of fatness.
Along similar lines, the present study was able to discern that women who are more dissatisfied with their bodies tend to take mores selfies per month. This could be attributed to the desire of women with negative body image perception to find just the right angle or lighting that will contribute to the ideal selfie. However, more research would be required to confirm any explanation for our results. Such research should focus on the relationship of social media usage with selfies and body image perception, as well as how self-esteem relates to body image perception in the setting of social media.
Regardless of these limitations, the present study takes significant steps toward determining how actual body size and body image perception relates to frequency of selfies taken and posted by young adult women. As social media and selfies become more prevalent in today's modern media culture, body image perception may become more and more at risk of distortion. The present study serves as a springboard for additional research regarding various ways that body image distortion might be prevented and confronted.
About the authors
Charles Wagner graduated from Trinity University in 2016 with a Business Analytics and Technology and Communication double major. He is currently following his passions for helping others and solving complex problems by working for PriceWaterhouseCoopers as a technology consultant in Chicago. He hopes one day to return to school for his MBA and continue his journey to learn, practice, and teach all things technology and communication.
Ester Aguirre is a current student at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. She will graduate with a degree in Political Sciences and a minor in Spanish.
Erin M. Sumner (Ph.D. 2012, Arizona State University) is an Assistant Professor of Human Communication at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. Her primary research interests examine the interpersonal and relational dynamics of computer-mediated communication. Her work has appeared in journals such as Communication Monographs, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, New Media & Society, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Communication Methods and Measures, and Communication Reports.
E-mail: ebryant [at] trinity [dot] edu
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Editorial history
Received 18 January 2016; revised 1 August 2016; accepted 16 August 2016.
This paper is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The relationship between Instagram selfies and body image in young adult women
by Charles Wagner, Ester Aguirre, and Erin M. Sumner.
First Monday, Volume 21, Number 9 - 5 September 2016
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v21i9.6390
A Great Cities Initiative of the University of Illinois at Chicago University Library.
© First Monday, 1995-2019. ISSN 1396-0466.


text:
Let me first start by saying that if used properly, condoms are a very effective way to prevent pregnancy, and the spread of STDs and HIV. Although I discuss engaging in raw sex, I am not against the use of condoms; neither am I advocating for their use. My stance is to educate yourself, know all the risk, open discussion with your partner, then make your educated decision. I was successful in conceiving a child while HIV positive without transmitting the virus. This may not be the case for everyone. My suggestion is to speak with your doctor (along with your partner) and discuss the facts with him/her.
When receiving a diagnosis of HIV positive, many things go through our heads. Some of them being, am I going to die soon, nobody will want me, I'm going to lose a lot of weight -- and even the thought of not being able to have children. As we now know, many of these things may not be true! The one that stands out the most for me is the inability to conceive while being HIV positive.
In the media we may hear a lot about women who are HIV positive and conceiving, and how they can take medications to ensure the fetus does not contract HIV. One thing I've noticed is that we rarely hear about men conceiving while HIV positive. Why is this? I think it's because men have a higher risk of transmitting the virus to a woman than a woman has of transmitting it to a man. The reality is that it happens.
In 2009 I received news that I was now HIV positive. At this time I had four children by two different women. One child was actually not mine but I claimed him as my own, and still do to this day. The other three were all girls. So despite my HIV diagnosis I was determined to try and have a biological son. I began to do my research on sperm washing. Sperm washing is a process where sperm is removed from the semen. Sperm is just a copy of DNA; the semen around the sperm is what carries the HIV virus so removal of the sperm from this fluid decreases the risk of HIV transmission ... and it can be as much as $10,000. I DON'T HAVE THAT KIND OF MONEY.
During the fall of 2010 there were articles online that suggested that, by taking my meds and decreasing the amount of viral load in my system to undetectable, I could lower my risk of transmitting the virus to my partner. So at my next doctor's appointment I asked to be placed on medication. I never told my doctor why I wanted the medicine, as I'm sure I would have heard some long lecture about why I shouldn't bareback and blah blah blah.
So I took my meds for a while, but I'm a very impatient person so I never waited to get my follow up labs to see if the medications were even working. I went to the mother of my first three children and we discussed getting back into a relationship and my desire to have children. She knew I was HIV positive and she said it didn't matter to her, that she believed God would take care of her and she wasn't afraid of contracting the virus. Which is a good thing, ideally I wouldn't want anyone to walk around with the constant fear of becoming infected but solely relying on a higher power to keep you from possible consequences is not the path I would suggest HIV negative or positive people to walk.
During sex I tried really hard not to go too fast or to insert too deeply. I didn't want to cause any internal bleeding because HIV transmission can occur more easily with a blood entry way. When I nutted inside of her I was so scared; there was no turning back at this point. To increase the chances of pregnancy we had unprotected sex again two days later. Once again I tried to go very slowly and do anything to prevent tearing of her insides. So for days we kept discussing if what we had done was a good decision. TOO LATE NOW HUH?!?
Three weeks later she received a positive pregnancy result!!! YAAY!!! But what about the other issue ... *bites nails* HIV TEST RESULTS ARE ... NEGATIVE!!! Thank you!! So for the remainder of the pregnancy she continued to get HIV tests and each time she came up negative. So that meant that my child was at no risk of being born with the virus and the mother did not have to take medicine while being pregnant.
Many people do not agree with the method we used to conceive this child, and I admit there are many things I could have done to be less risky. For example, now that I have become more educated on HIV, I would strongly suggest against doing anything life changing such as conceiving a child without knowing your viral load. Talking with your doctor before making these decisions is always an excellent way to make sure you are going about this in a safer manner. I didn't tell my doctor what I was doing for the fear of being chastised or having someone look at me in a negative light. Barebacking while HIV positive isn't exactly condoned by most medical providers. Yet, trusting that your doctor will give you some good information instead of frowning down upon you is a sign that you may have a great client/provider relationship with your doctor.
The point of the blog still remains that it is not impossible to produce an HIV-negative child while HIV positive. As stated earlier, please know all the risks before engaging in such risky behavior.


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Dehydrating food has become a necessity, if you want to store food items for the long term. Preservation is the easiest and most affordable way to preserve the flavor of foods. So, how do you go about dehydrating food for long term storage? The key is to remove moisture from the food so mold, bacterial growth and yeast cannot thrive. Dehydration should also be carried out to ensure that the nutritional content of food is preserved. This enhances its longevity too.Continue reading
Food drying is one of the best ways to preserve foods for a longer period. But do you know that if you do not store them in the right way then, it can spoil all your hard work?
Earlier people used to store the dried food in the airtight containers or jars, but now there are few more options which are available for you. People can easily do the dehydration of the food but doesn't know exactly about the process of storing such food.Continue reading


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I have a need to duplicate a Windows 2003 server's local user accounts on another Windows 2003 server. As I'm a UNIX guy I'm a bit lost (on a UNIX system I'd just copy the relevant /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and /etc/groups lines and it'd be done). Ideally the copied users would have the same passwords as the originals. ACLs/etc aren't a big deal in this case.
Found some stuff online for migrating 2003->2008, and references to a tool called AddUsers, but the Resource Kit download doesn't seem to include that any more.


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Adding Images to a LayOut Document
LayOut gives you the tools to create cover pages, title blocks, callouts, and symbols — whatever needs to accompany views of your model. Inserting images into your LayOut document is a straightforward affair. Just choose File, Insert and take it from there. A few more things to know about images you insert:
LayOut can insert raster images. This means TIFFs, JPEGs, GIFs, BMPs, and PNGs — these are all graphics file formats that save pictures as lots of tiny dots.
The Mac version of LayOut can also insert PDF files. This is indisputably the best way to bring in vector art, such as logos.
Images are a lot like viewports. Moving, resizing, and rotating images works just like it does for SketchUp model views; use the Select tool to do everything.
Unfortunately, LayOut offers no easy way to import editable vector (such as AI, EPS, and SVG) graphics. If you want to use vector graphics in your LayOut document, you have two choices:
Make your own. LayOut is actually a pretty fantastic vector illustration tool.
Borrow shamelessly from the Scrapbooks panel. One of the best things about LayOut is the hundreds — maybe thousands — of pre-drawn graphical elements you can find in the Scrapbooks panel. You find things like
Symbols: Arrows, section markers, north indicators, graphic scales, and column grids
Entourage elements: Trees, cars, and people at various scales and levels of detail
Color palettes: To help with producing attractive documents quickly
To use something you see in the Scrapbooks, just click it with the Select tool to "sample" it and then click again to stamp it onto your page. You can keep clicking to stamp more copies, or press the Esc key when you're ready to exit stamping mode.


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Looking swell: Coleen Rooney unveils the beach bump in Barbados that'll be a baby brother for Kai
Coleen Rooney showed off her pregnancy bump for the first time yesterday as she soaked up the winter sun in the Caribbean.
Wearing a Hermes gold bracelet, bikini and floral cover-up, the 26-year-old played with son Kai, three, in the sand on an exclusive resort in Barbados.
And it is clear her little boy did not inherit his straight posture from his father.
Coleen Rooney seen for the first time in bikini showing her pregnancy baby bump
Pregnant and proud: Coleen Rooney shows off her growing baby bump as she parades on the beach in Barbados with son Kai
Looking swell: The WAG happily flaunted her burgeoning belly in a black string bikini as she cooled off in the water
Wayne Rooney was famously photographed hunched over as he exited the sea with his parents in a strikingly similar pose. Then aged 17, it was their first family holiday to Mexico, after he emerged as a teenage football sensation.
Coleen announced earlier this month that she was expecting her second child with husband Wayne, 27.
The Manchester United striker was unable to join his family on the holiday as he is having treatment for a knee injury.
Coleen revealed on Twitter that she was expecting another son.
She tweeted: 'Absolutely loved seeing our baby on the scan yesterday!!! It's a ..... BOY!!'
Flashback: Husband and Wayne with his parents in 2003
Play time: The 26-year-old joined son Kai as they took to the water for a playful afternoon
Winter sun: After enjoying Christmas at home the Rooney clan have headed to the Caribbean for some winter sunshine
Exciting times: Earlier this month Coleen and husband Wayne revealed they are expecting a son in May next year
Water babes: Kai giggled as he wore a shark fin on his back and paddled in the water
And obviously in a playful mood she joined Kai, who was dressed with a shark fin on his back as he took to the water.
Both mother and son spent some time cooling off as they took a dip in their summer get-ups.
Kai was even seen giggling with delight as Coleen put him in an inflatable dragon ring and span him around as he floated.
Surrounded by friends and family Wayne Rooney's wife was snap happy as she carried her camera and took shots of their idyllic relaxing day.
Family time: The WAG dragged her three-year-old son's inflatable dragon into the water ready for4 yet more fun
Bonding: Kai was delighted as he floated and span around in the rubber ring
Perhaps feeling slightly burnt, the clothes designer later decided to put on a flowered kaftan top to cover up some of her skin, while she put sunglasses on to protect her eyes.
Although she still happily let her bump be on display.
Their lavish trip comes after they spent Christmas Day relaxing at home during some Wizard of Oz themed festivities.
It's not really a traditional Christmas costume, but Coleen Rooney dressed up as Dorothy from the Wizard of Oz for the special day.
Snap happy: Rooney ensured she kept the memories from their trip by taking pictures on the beach
Lapping it up: The Rooneys spent Christmas at home but have since jetted out to the Caribbean this week
Holiday spirit: Both mother and son were all smiles as they left the dreary British weather behind them to see 2013 in
Centre of attention: Coleen played the doting mother as she showed off her bikini figure
The 26-year-old WAG, who is expecting her second child with husband Wayne, posed up with her three-year-old son Kai, who was dressed up as the Scarecrow, in the adorable shot.
Coleen wore a blue and white gingham dress, with a matching bow in her hair, and even painted freckles onto her face to make her character even more realistic.
Meanwhile, Kai wore a blue top and brown trousers, with a hat and collar trimmed with straw, topped off with a red painted nose.
Looking after her bump: Coleen ensured she smothered on the sun protection as she enjoyed the rays
Castles in the sand: After enjoying their dip the pair then took to the shore to make the most of the beach
A little burnt? The clothes designer later covered up slightly in a flowered kaftan top
Next! The Rooney family were full of activities as they whiled away the time on the Barbados beach
Watch out, there's a shark! Little Kai strapped on a shark fin before running into the water
And Coleen took the opportunity to explain that the Kai is a huge fan of the Wizard of Oz - and that's why the Rooneys had dressed up.
She wrote on Twitter: 'Happy Christmas everyone! Have a fab day. Kai is over the moon, Santa's been! ( mummy even got a Dorothy costume!) loves the wizard of oz!'
This Christmas marks an extra-special occasion for the Rooneys, as Coleen revealed on Twitter earlier this week that she and Wayne have found out they are expecting another boy to add to their brood.
Lapping it up: Coleen couldn't take the grin off her face as she enjoyed her time in one of her favourite holiday destinations
Mummy's little dragon: She looked dotingly on at Kai as she continues top prep for child number two
Enjoying themselves: She looked content as she chatted on the shoreline before taking to her sun lounger once more
Beach baby: Coleen and Wayne will be welcoming their second son into the world in May
Home time: Coleen and Kai finally called it a day as they put their clothes back on and headed back to their hotel for some more relaxation
Coleen later added on Twitter: 'A few people guessed, so news is out ha! Me Wayne and Kai are thrilled that we are expecting a new addition to the our family around May time x.'
She also tweeted a second message saying: 'It's still only early but bursting with excitement! Also wanted the news to come from us, before anyone else !??'
Beach wardrobe: Coleen later transformed her beach look by putting on a patterned kaftan as she cleaned up her son's toys
Back to base: Coleen tenderly placed her hand on Kai's shoulders as he held tight to his toys
Heading back: As the sun dropped she covered up her bikini body and baby bump in the pink and blue top
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Jobless Claims at 4-Year Low
Markets reporter Brendan Conway reports on positive news on the jobs front as 5,000 fewer people applied for first-time unemployment benefits last week compared to two weeks ago. Also, China's manufacturing output has traders concerned. Getty Images
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the ... the news on unemployment Wednesday plants unemployment runs ... out deal that was that ... you know that they can actually in principle how figure he was in a four-year low ... three hundred forty eight thousand claims for the week as the temperature so I mean ... you know that that architecture is quite good ... if you look at the rest of the market timing futures are down this morning ... I'm certainly looks like investors are in a wait and see mode ... and that pertains most the rest the world ... first the US ... there was the most well ... so says the Greece again ... it's like racist Zionist Titans two-week datapoints oversees one was basically ... manufacturing in China slowed down again ... the other one is on that's a consistent story we've been hearing from you know I know shipments town in the manufacturing down so that on the housing I'm so activity slowing in China to so to be honest and slaughter it consists of that in that stuff obviously boarding up commodity markets ... copper showing that this morning ... down about two percent last check ... the other factor for seasons you see something ... very similar in your ... fishing purchasing managers index ... was ... up for France and Germany that this is just lower ... this D notebook will put all euro zone recession everyone's been predicting ... I mean it is probably hear ... them ... especially when you when you think that that Germany has had trouble meeting its own austerity goals that ... goal ... was a promising ... effort ... to both appear on the table beside OBS of markets in a Mormon robust recovery in Oakland robust recovery until my one times in Europe I find that hard to believe Europe is the biggest ... trading in the euro zone and the trustee was the biggest trending zone in the wall that they done with the procession ... how can we escape that it's beyond may ... you trust ... I don't think we can and I ... I'm not sure that the market is betting on ... to Mr Warner robust recovery ... I think that ... you know what as long as the U S consumer continues to spend ... and to um as long as we do have markets to sell two will be ok Fight yes we ... that is the difference between really going robust ... Europe is that if he everything ... I would love to politely to be with you guys would agree ... and when we ... see this morning is the text comes in ... there on ... their profit ... more than doubled this quarter but the stock at last check was still off something like you know ... what one half percent ... people would write them giving ... featuring a seat is a company with a massive global exposure and are saying you know what after the stock markets run out this is a good time to do more cautious so it so it's been a number of pay ... more attention here you are going into recession it seems China slowing down and possibly five dollars gasoline going into the summer ... then what is happening a picture for you all and in the economy and the US to ... welcoming to start the stock market I'd I'd I'd I think that rates can start to look more and US specifically them early in the air you have this massive Emerging Markets pray ... that the look of fund flows area was piling in emerging markets ... I think you can see that reversed I think your Tennessee a lot of these states sectors get a little more attractive ... I ... pod and commodity prices on that's can and


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I am currently avoiding all social media like the plague re Game of Thrones so decided to take the opportunity to upload some stills from Dr Faustus and some of those which were already uploaded have been replaced with higher quality versions. The production is now on its last week at the Duke of Yorks so if you haven't been and you want to, one word, GO. It is just amazing
Dr Faustus (2016) > Performance Stills [+006]


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Surviving High Heels...February 18, 2016
...And why it's a good idea to indulge in an awesome pair.
High heeled shoes to me are like magic. They give off this instant 'oomph!' to any outfit, my walk and frame. It also helps build my confidence which is something that I always love! They can express your outfit into a classy or hipster look, depending on what the style of the high heeled shoes is.
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="379"] Photo from Buzzfeed.com[/caption]
And as I have learned in life and experience, I would say that it is essential that a lady has at least 3 types of high heeled shoes in her closet (Black Pumps, Neutral Pumps and Statement heels). And that you should NEVER sacrifice comfort for style. #NOToTiisGanda
So in this article, I'll be giving you guys a few tips and tricks to find that awesome pair of high heels that will not only make your feet look pretty classy but also happy.
Start with a small heel (kitten heels A.K.A. 1 inchers) and work your way up to the stilettos.
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="630"] That's an example of a really REALLY steep slope that I wouldn't even dare try![/caption]
If you're a newbie in the High Heeled world, you should pay close attention to the slope/pitch of the heel, and consider getting those that have a lower pitch. Having a steeper pitch will result in a higher arch for your feet, and the lower the pitch will result in more leeway for stability and more comfort for your feet.
Shoe gels will help with pains that you get throughout the day in the balls of your feet or the toe bed.
You should always feel balanced and centered when trying out the shoe. If the shoe feels too narrow, too loose or a strap feels like it is positioned in a peculiar place, you will almost certainly regret the purchase.
You can do the elevation test that Wendy of Wendy's lookbook discussed in her channel. The point is you lift your feet while in the heels, and if you can lift your feet one inch up, then the heel height is not too high for you.
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="236"] Chunky, high Heeled and Sexy Pumps![/caption]
If you're a newbie, you should always remember that the wider the base, the more comfortable the shoe and a maximum height of three inches.
If you don't have time to go out and shop for shoes, you can always go online to get the right pair for you. Just remember the rule above to ensure a perfect purchase.
It's best to 'break in' new shoes before taking them 'out'. You can have a go at wearing them while you're at home each day (doing the dishes, and so forth.). Take them off once it begins to hurt and afterward repeat after some time so that the material can extend more to oblige the shape and size of your feet.
Did you know that there are actually A LOT of types of heels out in the market today? Yeah. But out of those in the chart, I almost always go for those that have chunky heels in them or wedges because it gives the feet more stability, and for me I get more comfort in wearing them, even if I really love the style of the stilettos.
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="346"] These two high heels can give awesome style without compromising the comfort. Why? Because Chunky Heels. :)[/caption]
And if you're like me who is typically too busy to go shoe shopping for that perfect pair, I'm so buying a new pair of chunky heels at ZALORA. My technique in making them look awesome even if I don't have long legs is that I go for nude colors or black boots with chunky heels, which can really make an outfit look très chic!
4 comments
While you girls need to learn so much about high heels, we guys know only not to get kicked!ReplyDelete
I love high heels, until I try and walk with them. On a whim I bough the most amazing Melissa heels and they were so beautiful and so uncomfortable. I had to give them away.ReplyDelete
Kitty heels I can handle.
Your post btw is really good. You cover pretty much all there is to know about heels! good stuff
HAHAHA! that would be easy robert, just don't piss a girl/lady off when she's wearing one ;)ReplyDelete
Thanks so much! :)ReplyDelete
let me know what you think! If you have any questions, suggestions or violent reactions just comment below ;)


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Health Sciences Education conference honours winners
Innovation won the day at the Faculty's 8th annual Celebrating Health Sciences Education Conference this year. The Faculty's creative and inquiring minds shared how they have addressed some vexing educational challenges. The award for the best presentation went to Jaisubash Jayakumar for his paper on "Innovative Strategies for Enhanced Learning of Immunology". Dr Jayakumar designed a technology based solution that supports students' learning and combats the negative perceptions that first year students can develop if they struggle while learning immunology for the first time.
Charle Viljoen also turned to technology to help students learn the subtleties of ECG interpretation and received an award for his presentation while Ikechukwu Nwanze was awarded for his description of how disability issues can be included into undergraduate curricula.
Speakers also addressed transformation in education in the faculty. The keynote speaker for the day, Deputy Dean for Health Services: Dr Reno Morar reflected on the journey that his life and career have taken and how this relates to the ongoing challenges that many students still experience in our faculty.
Other talks explored issues as varied as mitigating language related anxiety in linguistically diverse classrooms and countering hegemony in teaching health for all at a medical school.
The judges were spoiled for choice as they navigated a record number of presentations on the day. Chair of the Organising Committee, Francois Cilliers from the Department of Health Sciences Education and his team were also thrilled with the record number of registrations. Almost 100 staff from the Faculty registered for the conference, a reflection, said A/Prof Cilliers, of the commitment in the faculty to teaching that meets the needs of our students and our communities.
|Keynote Speaker
Keynote Address by Deputy Dean for Health Services, Dr Reno Morar, "True Confessions of a Bourgeois Baby"
|First Prize:
|Associate Professor Gonda Perez, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences (left) congratulates Jaisubash Jayakumar on "Innovative Strategies for Enhanced Learning of Immunology"
|Second Prize:
|Associate Professor Gonda Perez, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences (left) congratulates Charle Viljoen who accepted the prize on behalf of himself and Rob Scott Millar, Ashley Chin, Mpiko Ntsekhe & Rachel Weiss on "ECG ONLINE: providing web-based opportunities for ECG learning"
|Third Prize:
|Associate Professor Gonda Perez, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences (left) congratulates Ikechukwu Nwanze, who accepted the prize on behalf of himself and Harsha Kathard & Chioma Ohajunwa on "How can we include disability issues into undergraduate curriculum at UCT"