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You don't need your dog's powerful nose to want to keep your home smelling nice. Essential oils can make your home smell like a field of flowers or a potpourri of spices. They also have medicinal qualities. But can you use essential oils for dogs?
Essential Oils – The Basics
If you're not caught up on your understanding of aromatherapy, that's OK. Here's your guide with basic information about essential oils for dogs (and people).
- Plants develop several traits to ward off pests and attract pollinating insects. The smells that plants use can be distilled into essential oils. These are concentrated oils that carry the scents from these plants.1
- Aromatherapy is the medicinal use of essential oils as natural remedies. Aromatherapy has been around for a long time. It's used for physical conditions, but also mental and emotional ailments.2
- Some essential oil products are strictly regulated. Others have less strict restrictions.3 You may see greatly varying results from one essential oil brand to the next.4
- Essential oils are highly concentrated. When using them, dilute only a few essential oil drops into oil or water. Never touch pure essential oil with your bare skin and never consume them.5
- Essential oils can be applied to your skin when diluted in oil, but it's also common to diffuse essential oils. An essential oil diffuser evaporates water with diluted essential oils into the air. This allows you to inhale the oil.6
- Before using an essential oil, think of the needs of all your home's residents. Essential oils are usually safe for people and dogs. Cats, though, are highly sensitive to some oils, and oils should never be diffused near birds.7
Aromatherapy with essential oils can be a powerful natural remedy. But your dog might respond to essential oils in an unexpected way. Always talk to your vet before you begin using essential oils for dogs.
Avoid These Essential Oils that Are Dangerous for Dogs
Some essential oils have benefits for people but can make your dog sick. Don't use these oils if your pup is around. Never diffuse essential oils that are toxic to dogs.
- Peppermint is a natural flea repellant, but it's also toxic to dogs. Most dogs find peppermint unpleasant, and it could make your dog feel stressed.8
- You may like having a pine-fresh home, but pine essential oil is toxic to dogs. This oil can lead to vomiting, excessive drooling, and weakness. Avoid using pine essential oils around your dog. This includes cleaning products with artificial pine scent.9
- Many common scents can be dangerous to your dog, even if you dilute them. Beware of cinnamon, garlic, or thyme oils.10
Symptoms of exposure to toxic essential oils include:
- Weakness
- Pawing at the face and mouth
- Difficulty breathing
- Drooling
- Vomiting11
If you see any of these behaviors, call a vet immediately.
Always do your research before trying a new scent. Peppermint, pine, garlic, and cinnamon are just a few of several essential oils toxic to dogs. And remember that it only takes a few essential oil drops to disperse through a whole room.
Safe Essential Oils for Your Dog
So, you've talked with your vet, and you want to try essential oils for your dog. The next question is what scent to use. Essential oils for dogs have different medicinal benefits.
- Lavender oil is one of the most used essential oils. A lavender essential oil can reduce anxiety and help your dog sleep.12 It can also help your dog stay calm in the car and prevent car sickness.13
- Cardamom essential oil may help regulate your dog's appetite. It should NOT be consumed. Instead, put a few drops of cardamom oil into your essential oil diffuser for best results.14
- Marjoram has calming properties. It also repels insects, which makes it a great choice for an anxious or a flea-prone pup.15
- Fennel has many health benefits. It can help break down toxins and regulate your pup's glands. Even though fennel is derived from an edible plant, you should still dilute it when you use it.16
- Helichrysum may help your dog fight off bacteria or infections. Helichrysum is one of many powerful natural remedies derived from essential oil.17
- Orange repels fleas and will calm nervous dogs. It is also a strong deodorizer, so you'll like using this oil if you find your house musty, or if you pup gets smelly.18
- Frankincense can help boost your dog's immune system to fight off serious disease. Frankincense also has calming properties. It pairs well with lavender oil to calm an anxious or stressed dog.19
- Spearmint helps regulate your dog's appetite. If your dog is overweight or has an unhealthy diet, spearmint might help resolve those issues.20
- Chamomile can calm an anxious pup and reduce pain. It's also a gentler oil. This makes it an ideal essential oil for a dog sensitive to these kinds of scents.21
You can blend different oils for a potpourri of scents and natural remedies. Try pairing diluted lavender oil with spearmint or fennel oil for a sweet, fresh scent. Blend based on complementary scents, or mix and match according to medical benefits.
You and your dog may find you share a favorite scent once you start using essential oils for dogs!
How to Safely Use Aromatherapy for Dogs
Just as your dog has different dietary needs from you, they also have a different sense of smell. Consider whether your favorite essential oil will improve Fido's health, or make it worse.
- Your dog should never eat essential oils. Don't add essential oils to your dog's food or water. When your oils aren't in use, make sure they're stored somewhere out of your pup's reach.22
- Some dogs enjoy essential oils applied to their skin, but do this with caution. They can hurt your dog's skin, and your dog may lick the oil off. Only apply diluted oils to your dog's skin under a vet's supervision, and avoid essential oils toxic to dogs.23
You can spritz essential oil drops for dogs on your dog's bedding or crate.
- Calming oils are a popular choice to help anxious dogs relax in a safe space. Always dilute these oils in a carrier oil that is safe for dogs before you spray them. Only use essential oils safe for dogs.24
- The safest way to expose your dog to essential oils is to diffuse oils into the air. This method minimizes the risk that your dog will eat or touch the oils. Only use essential oils safe for dogs.
- Even inhaling toxic scents can be dangerous to your pup.25
- Some healthy essential oils can be risky for certain dogs. Use extra caution if you have a puppy, an elderly dog, or a dog with liver disease. The best way to determine if essential oils will be helpful or harmful to your dog is to talk to a veterinarian.26
- Your dog's nose is more sensitive than yours. What may seem like a mild scent to you can be overwhelming to your dog. Watch for signs of distress like aggression or unusual sleepiness after you begin use of an essential oil diffuser.27,28
If you want to try essential oils for dogs, talk to your veterinarian first. Even if you diffuse essential oils, they may be risky. This is especially true if your pup has respiratory issues.
Always Be Safe
Essential oils can be a powerful tool to improve your dog's health, but they can also be risky. Don't introduce them into your home without talking to your vet first. Make sure, also, that the essential oils are diluted.
Once you've received the go-ahead, you (and your pup) can enjoy essential oils for dogs.
Learn More:
These Common Holistic Treatments Work On Dogs Too!
How to Recognize the Signs of Bloat in Dogs
Play This Game for a Sharper Dog


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Jonathan Adams Men's Braith Dress Shoe - Black
The sleek and stylish profile of a pair of Jonathan Adams dress shoes make them a great option to wear with a premium suit for formal occasions or even with some chinos for a smart casual look. All class without sacrificing comfort - it's time to step into the world of Jonathan Adams.
Available in men's US sizing - see size chart for correct fit!
- Jonathan Adams footwear
- For men
- Style: Braith Dress Shoe
- Style no.: 112958
- Colour: Black
- Laces
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- Round toeline
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- Materials:
- Synthetic upper
- Leather lining
- Rubber outsole
- Heel height (approx. cm): 2cm

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cracking The Coding Interview
Table of Contents
- 1 cracking-the-coding-interview
- 1.1 Foreword
- 1.2 Introduction
- 1.3 Behind the Scenes
- 1.4 Before the Interview
- 1.5 The Interview and Beyond
- 1.6 Interview Questions
- 1.6.1 Arrays and Strings
- 1.6.2 Linked Lists
- 1.6.3 Stacks and Queues
- 1.6.4 Trees and Graphs
- 1.6.5 Bit Manipulation
- 1.6.6 Brain Teasers
- 1.6.7 Object Oriented Design
- 1.6.8 Recursion
- 1.6.9 Sorting and Searching
- 1.6.10 Mathematical
- 1.6.11 Testing
- 1.6.12 System Design and Memory Limits
- 1.6.14 Java
- 1.6.15 Databases
- 1.6.16 Low Level
- 1.6.17 Networking
- 1.6.18 Threads and Locks
- 1.6.19 Moderate Additional Review Problems
- 1.6.20 Hard Additional Review Problems
1 cracking-the-coding-interview
1.1 Foreword
As you get ready for your interviews, consider these suggestions:
- Write Code on Paper
- Know Your Resume
- Don't Memorize Solutions
- Talk Out Loud
Receiving an offer is not about solving questions flawlessly (very few candidates do!), but rather, it is about answering questions better than other candidates. So don't stress out when you get a tricky question - everyone else probably thought it was hard too!
1.2 Introduction
1.3 Behind the Scenes
1.3.1 The Microsoft Interview
- Microsoft wants smart people Geeks. People who are passionate about technology.
- You'll have a short interview with a recruiter where he or she will give you a sample question. Your recruiter is usually there to prep you, and not to grill you on techni- cal questions. Be nice to your recruiter. Your recruiter can be your biggest advocate, even pushing to re-interview you if you stumbled on your first interview. They can fight for you to be hired - or not!
- During the day, you'll do four or five interviews, often with two different teams Unlike many companies.
- Depending on the team, interviewers may or may not share their feedback on you with the rest of the interview loop.
- When you complete your interviews with a team, you might speak with a hiring manager. If so, that's a great sign! It likely means that you passed the interviews with a particular team. It's now down to the hiring manager's decision.
- You might get a decision that day, or it might be a week. After one week of no word from HR, send them a friendly email asking for a status update.
Definitely Prepare: "Why do you want to work for Microsoft?"
In this question, Microsoft wants to see that you're passionate about technology. A great answer might be, "I've been using Microsoft software as long as I can re- member, and I'm really impressed at how Microsoft manages to create a product that is universally excellent. For example, I've been using Visual Studio recently to learn game programming, and it's APIs are excellent." Note how this shows a passion for technology!
1.3.2 The Amazon Interview
- Amazon's recruiting process usually begins with one or two phone screens in which you in- terview with a specific team. The engineer who interviews you will usually ask you to write simple code and read it aloud on the phone They will ask a broad set of questions to explore what areas of technology you're familiar with.
- Next, you fly to Seattle for four or five interviews with one or two teams which have selected you based on your resume and phone interviews. You will have to code on a whiteboard, and some interviewers will stress other skills. Interviewers are each assigned a specific area to probe and may seem very different from each other.
- They can not see other feedback until they have submitted their own and they are discouraged from discussing it until the hiring meeting.
- Amazon's "bar raiser" interviewer is charged with keeping the interview bar high. If one interview seems significantly harder and different, that's most like- ly the bar raiser This person has both significant experience with interviews and veto power in the hiring decision.
- While Amazon's recruiters are excellent at following up with candidates, occa- sionally there are delays. If you haven't heard from Amazon within a week, we recommend a friendly email.
Definitely Prepare:
- Amazon is a web-based company, and that means they care about scale. Make sure you prepare for questions in "Large Scale." You don't need a background in distributed systems to answer these questions. See our recommendations in the System Design and Memory Limits Chapter.
- Additionally, Amazon tends to ask a lot of questions about object oriented design. Check out the Object Oriented Design chapter for sample questions and suggestions.
1.3.3 The Google Interview
- However, because Google HR can be a little disorganized, we recommend being proactive in com- munication.
- A Google engineer performs the first phone screen, so expect tough technical questions.
- On your on-site interview, you'll interview with four to six people, one of whom will be a lunch interviewer. Interviewer feedback is kept confidential from the other interviewers, so you can be assured that you enter each interview with blank slate. Your lunch interviewer doesn't submit feedback, so this is a great opportunity to ask honest questions.
- Written feedback is submitted to a hiring committee of engineers to make a hire/no-hire recommendation. Feedback is typically broken down into four categories (Analytical Ability, Coding, Experience and Communication) and you are given a score from 1.0 to 4.0 overall.
- The hiring committee understands that you can't be expected to excel in every interview, but if multiple people raise the same red flag (arrogance, poor coding skills, etc), that can disqualify you. A hiring committee typically wants to see one interviewer who is an "enthusiastic en- dorser". In other words, a packet with scores of 3.6, 3.1, 3.1 and 2.6 is better than all 3.1s. Your phone screen is usu- ally not a strong factor in the final deci- sion.
- The Google hiring process can be slow. If you don't hear back within one week, politely ask your recruiter for an up- date. A lack of response says nothing about your performance.
Definitely Prepare:
- As a web-based company, Google cares about how to design a scalable system. So, make sure you prepare for questions from "System Design and Memory Limits" Additionally, many Google interviewers will ask questions involving Bit Ma- nipulation, so please brush up on these questions.
1.3.4 The Apple Interview
- Much like the company itself, Apple's interview process has minimal beaucracy.
- The inter- viewers will be looking for excellent technical skills, but a passion for the position and com- pany is also very important. While it's not a prerequisite to be a Mac user, you should at least be familiar with the system.
- The interview process typically begins with a recruiter phone screen to get a basic sense of your skills, followed up by a series of technical phone screens with team members.
- Once you're invited on campus, you'll typically be greeted by the recruiter who provides an overview of the process. You will then have 6-8 interviews with members of the team for which you're interviewing, as well as key people with whom your team works.
- You can expect a mix of 1-on-1 and 2-on-1 interviews. Be ready to code on a whiteboard and make sure all of your thoughts are clearly communicated. Lunch is with your potential future manager and appears more casual, but is still an interview. Each interviewer is usually fo- cused on a different area and is discouraged from sharing feedback unless there's something they want subsequent interviewers to drill into.
- Towards the end of the day, your inter- viewers will compare notes and if ev- eryone still feels you're a viable candi- date, you'll interview with the director and then VP of the organization you're applying to. While this decision is rath- er informal, it's a very good sign if you make it. This decision also happens be- hind the scenes and if you don't pass, you'll simply be escorted out of the building without ever having been the wiser (until now)
- If you made it to the director and VP interviews, all of your interviewers will gather in a conference room to give an official thumbs up or thumbs down The VP typically won't be present, but can still veto the hire if they weren't im- pressed.
- Your recruiter will usually fol- low up a few days later, but feel free to ping your recruiter for updates.
Definitely Prepare:
- If you know what team you're interview- ing with, make sure you read up on that product. What do you like about it? What would you improve? Offering specific recommendations can show your passion for the job.
- Also, Apple employees are huge Apple fans. You should show this same passion in your interview.
1.3.5 The Yahoo Interview
- While Yahoo tends to only recruit at the top 10 – 20 schools, other candidates can still get interviewed through Yahoo's job board (or – better yet – if they can get an internal referral). If you're one of the lucky ones selected, your interview process will start off with a phone screen. Your phone screen will be with a senior employee (tech lead, manager, etc)
- You will typically interview with 6 – 7 people on the same team for 45 minutes each Each interviewer will have an area of focus. Interviews will often be composed as follows:
- 5 minutes: General conversation Tell me about yourself, your projects, etc
- 20 minutes: Coding question For example, implement merge sort
- 20 minutes: System design For example, design a large distributed cache These ques- tions will often focus on an area from your past experience or on something your interviewer is cur-rently working on
- At the end of the day, you will likely meet with a Program Manag- er or someone else for a general con- versation (product demos, concerns about the company, your competing offers, etc). Meanwhile, your interview- ers will discuss your performance and attempt to come to a decision The hiring manager has the ultimate say and will weigh the positive feedback against the negative.
- If you have done well, you will often get a decision that day, but this is not always the case. There can be many reasons that you might not be told for several days – for example, the team may feel it needs to interview several other people.
Definitely Prepare:
- Yahoo, almost as a rule, asks questions about system design, so make sure you prepare for that. They want to know that you can not only write code, but that you can design software. Don't worry if you don't have a background in this - you can still reason your way through it!
1.4 Before the Interview
1.4.1 Resume Advice
Resume screeners look for the same things that interviewers do:
- Are you smart?
- Can you code?
That means that you should present your resume to show those two things. Your love of tennis, traveling, or magic cards won't do much to show that, so it's likely just wasting space.Keep in mind that recruiters only spend a fixed amount of time (about 20 seconds) looking at your resume. If you limit the content to the best, most impressive, most relevant items, they'll jump out at the recruiter Weak items only dilute your resume and distract the re- cruiter from what you'd like them to see.
Writing Strong Bullets:
- For each role, try to discuss your accomplishments with the following approach: "Accom- plished X by implementing Y which led to Z" Here's an example:
- "Reduced object rendering time by 75% by applying Floyd's algo- rithm, leading to a 10% reduction in system boot time"
- "Increased average match accu- racy from 1.2 to 1.5 by implement- ing a new comparison algorithm based on windiff"
Not everything you did will fit into this approach, but the principle is the same: show what you did, how you did it, and what the results were Ideally, you should try to make the results "measurable" somehow.
Advice for Non-Native English Speakers and Internationals:
- Proofreading: Some companies will throw out your resume just because of a typo. Please get at least one native English speaker to proofread your resume.
- Personal Information: For US positions, do not include age, marital status, or nationality. This sort of personal information is not appreciated by companies, as it creates a legal liabil- ity for them However, you may want to include your current work authorization / visa status, particularly when applying to smaller companies who may be unable to sponsor candidates.
1.4.2 Behavioral Preparation
Behavioral questions are asked for a variety of reasons
- They can be asked either to get to know your personality,
- to more deeply understand your resume,
- or just to ease you into an interview Either way,
these questions are important and can be prepared for.
Behavioral questions are usually of the form "tell me about a time when you ", and may ask for an example from a specific project or position. I recommend filling in the following "preparation grid" as shown below:
|Most Challenging
|What You Learned
|Most Interesting
|Hardest Bug
|Enjoyed Most
|Conflicts with Teammates
In each cell, put the corresponding story. We recommend reducing each story to just a couple keywords that you can write in each cell This will make the grid easier to study
What questions should you ask the interviewer?
- Genuine Questions: These are the questions you actually want to know ideas of questions that are valuable to many candidates:
- "How much of your day do you spend coding?"
- "How many meetings do you have every week?"
- "What is the ratio of testers to developers to product managers? What is the interac- tion like? How does project planning happen on the team?"
- Insightful Questions: These questions are designed to demonstrate your deep knowledge of programming or technologies.
- "I noticed that you use technology X How do you handle problem Y?"
- "Why did the product choose to use the X protocol over the Y protocol? I know it has benefits like A, B, C, but many companies choose not to use it because of issue D"
- Passion Questions: These questions are designed to demonstrate your passion for technol- ogy.
- "I'm very interested in scalability Did you come in with a background in this, or what opportunities are there to learn about it?"
- "I'm not familiar with technology X, but it sounds like a very interesting solution Could you tell me a bit more about how it works?"
1.4.3 Technical Preparation
- Memorizing or trying to learn specific questions won't help you!
- Try to solve the problem on your own.
- Write the code for the algorithm on paper.
- Type your paper code as-is into a computer.
- *Do a mock interview. CareerCup offers a mock interview
|Data Structures
|Linked Lists
|Breadth First Search
|Bit Manipulation
|Binary Trees
|Depth First Search
|Singleton Design Pattern
|Binary Search
|Factory Design Pattern
|Merge Sort
|Memory (Stack vs Heap)
|Quick Sort
|Vectors / ArrayLists
|Tree Insert / Find / etc
|Big-O Time
|Hash Tables
1.5 The Interview and Beyond
1.5.1 Handling Behavioral Questions
- Be Specific, Not Arrogant
- Limit Details
- Ask Good Questions
- Structure Answers Using S.A.R(Situation, Action, Response)
1.5.2 Handling Technical Questions
A technical interview question can be solved utilizing a five step approach:
- Ask your interviewer questions to resolve ambiguity
- Design an Algorithm
- Write pseudo-code first, but make sure to tell your interviewer that you're writing pseudo-code! Otherwise, he/she may think that you're never planning to write "real" code, and many interviewers will hold that against you
- Write your code, not too slow and not too fast
- Test your code and carefully fix any mistakes
1.5.3 Five Algorithm Approaches
1.5.4 The Offer and Beyond
- Negotiating. It's Always Negotiable! Ok, maybe not always, but usually an offer is negotiable even if a recruiter tells you otherwise. It helps if you have a competing offer But, don't lie – Microsoft knows what Google offers, so it just won't be realistic if you make up numbers. Also, technol- ogy is a small world, and people talk. Be honest.
- What's the money like, really? Think about the full offer package Many companies will have impressive salaries, but small annual bonuses Other companies will have huge annual bonuses, but lower salaries Make sure you look at the full package (salary, signing bonus, health care benefits, raises, annual bonus, relocation, stock, promotions, etc) It's very confusing, and it's often not clear which company is offering more
- What about your career options? I can't give you some magical formula to compute which offer to accept, but here's what I'd recommend thinking about (in no particular order):
- Career Path: Make a plan for your career What do you want to do 5, 10 and 15 years out? What skills will you need to develop? Which company or position will help you get there?
- Promotion Opportunity: Do you prefer to move into management, or would you prefer to become an increasingly senior developer?
- Money and Benefits: Of course, the money matters (but if you're early in your career, it probably doesn't matter much). As mentioned above, make sure you look at the full package.
- Happiness: Did you like the people? The products? The location? It's hard to tell, of course, before you work there. What are the options to change teams if you're unhappy?
- Brand Name: The company's brand name can mean a lot for your future career Some company names will open doors, while others will not as much.
- What about company stability? Personally, I think it matters much less than most people think. There are so many software companies out there. If you get laid off and need to find a new job, will it be difficult to find a new one? Only you can answer that.
1.5.5 Top Ten Mistakes Candidates Make
- Practicing on a Computer
- Not Rehearsing Behavioral Questions
- Not Doing a Mock Interview
- Trying to Memorize Solutions
- Talking Too Much
- Talking Too Little
- Rushing
- Not Debugging
- Sloppy Coding
- Giving Up
1.5.6 Frequently Asked Questions
Should I tell my interviewer if I know a question?
Yes! You should definitely tell your interviewer if you've previously heard the question This seems silly to some people - if you already know the question (and answer), you could ace the question, right? Not quite
Here's why we strongly recommend that you tell your interviewer that you've heard the question:
- Big honesty points. This shows a lot of integrity That's huge. Remember that the interviewer is evaluating you as a potential teammate I don't know about you, but I personally prefer to work with honest people!
- The question might have changed ever-so-slightly. You don't want to risk repeating the wrong answer
- If you easily belt out the right answer, it's obvious to the interviewer. They know how hard a problem is supposed to be. It's very hard to "pretend" to struggle through a question, because you just can't approach it the same way other candidates do.
1.6 Interview Questions
- Data Structures
- Concepts and Algorithms
- Knowledge Based
- Additional Review Problems
1.6.1 Arrays and Strings
- 1.1 Implement an algorithm to determine if a string has all unique characters. What if you can not use additional data structures?
- 1.2 Write code to reverse a C-Style String. (C-String means that "abcd" is represented as five characters, including the null character.)
- 1.3 Design an algorithm and write code to remove the duplicate characters in a string without using any additional buffer.
- 1.4 Write a method to decide if two strings are anagrams or not.
- 1.5 Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with '%20'.
- 1.6 Given an image represented by an NxN matrix, where each pixel in the image is 4 bytes, write a method to rotate the image by 90 degrees Can you do this in place?
- 1.7 Write an algorithm such that if an element in an MxN matrix is 0, its entire row and column is set to 0.
- 1.8 Assume you have a method isSubstring which checks if one word is a substring of another. Given two strings, s1 and s2, write code to check if s2 is a rotation of s1 using only one call to isSubstring (i e , "waterbottle" is a rotation of "erbottlewat").
int m[N][N]; for(int k=0;k<N/2;k++) { int r = k; int last = n - 1 - r; for(int c = r; c <= last; c++) { // [r,c], [N-1-c,r], [N-1-r,N-1-c], [c,N-1-r] int tmp = m[r][c]; m[r][c] = m[c][N-1-r]; m[c][N-1-r] = m[N-1-r][N-1-c]; m[N-1-r][N-1-c] = m[N-1-c][r]; m[N-1-c][r] = tmp; } }
1.6.2 Linked Lists
- 2.1 Write code to remove duplicates from an unsorted linked list. How would you solve this problem if a temporary buffer is not allowed?
- 2.2 Implement an algorithm to find the nth to last element of a singly linked list.
- 2.3 Implement an algorithm to delete a node in the middle of a single linked list, given only access to that node.
- 2.4 You have two numbers represented by a linked list, where each node contains a sin- gle digit. The digits are stored in reverse order, such that the 1's digit is at the head of the list. Write a function that adds the two numbers and returns the sum as a linked list.
- (x) 2.5 Given a circular linked list, implement an algorithm which returns node at the begin- ning of the loop.
- Assume P,Q at head. P proceeds 1 step, and Q proceed 2 step. There is k nodes before entry node of the circular list. And they takes u step to meet each other at p in the circular list. So we have following equations.
- k + xn + p= 2u # Q position.
- k + yn + p = u # P position.
- u = zn # using 1 and 2.
- (k + p) = z'n # using 2 and 3.
- k % n = (n-p) # done.
- see leetcode https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/linked-list-cycle/ and https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/linked-list-cycle-ii/
- Assume P,Q at head. P proceeds 1 step, and Q proceed 2 step. There is k nodes before entry node of the circular list. And they takes u step to meet each other at p in the circular list. So we have following equations.
1.6.3 Stacks and Queues
- 3.1 Describe how you could use a single array to implement three stacks.
- 3.2 How would you design a stack which, in addition to push and pop, also has a function min which returns the minimum element? Push, pop and min should all operate in O(1) time.
- 3.5 Implement a MyQueue class which implements a queue using two stacks.
- 3.6 Write a program to sort a stack in ascending order. You should not make any assump- tions about how the stack is implemented.
1.6.4 Trees and Graphs
- Trees
- Not all binary trees are binary search trees
- In-Order: Traverse left node, current node, then right
- Pre-Order: Traverse current node, then left node, then right node
- Post-Order: Traverse left node, then right node, then current node
- AVL Tree, RB Tree.
- Construct Tree by using Orders
- Graphs
- Depth First Search
- Breadth First Search
- Dijkstra,Floyd,Prim,Kruskal.
- 4.1 Implement a function to check if a tree is balanced.
- 4.2 Given a directed graph, design an algorithm to find out whether there is a route be- tween two nodes.
- 4.3 Given a sorted (increasing order) array, write an algorithm to create a binary tree with minimal height.
- 4.4 Given a binary search tree, design an algorithm which creates a linked list of all the nodes at each depth (eg, if you have a tree with depth D, you'll have D linked lists).
- 4.5 Write an algorithm to find the 'next' node (e.g., in-order successor) of a given node in a binary search tree where each node has a link to its parent.
- 4.6 Design an algorithm and write code to find the first common ancestor of two nodes in a binary tree. Avoid storing additional nodes in a data structure.
- 4.7 You have two very large binary trees: T1, with millions of nodes, and T2, with hun- dreds of nodes. Create an algorithm to decide if T2 is a subtree of T1.
- 4.8 You are given a binary tree in which each node contains a value. Design an algorithm to print all paths which sum up to that value.
TreeNode* ancestor(TreeNode* root,TreeNode* p,TreeNode* q,int& cond) { if(root == NULL) return NULL; if(root == p || root == q) { cond++; // root is p or q, find one. } // check left. int c = 0; TreeNode* t = ancestor(root->left, p, q, c); if(c == 2) { cond = 2; return t; } cond += c; if(cond == 2) { return root; } // check right. c = 0; t = ancestor(root->right, p, q, c); if(c == 2) { cond = 2; return t; } cond += c; if(cond == 2) { return root; } // maybe cover one. return root; } TreeNode* ancestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) { int cond; return ancestor(root, p, q, cond); }
1.6.5 Bit Manipulation
- 5.1 You are given two 32-bit numbers, N and M, and two bit positions, i and j Write a method to set all bits between i and j in N equal to M. Input: N = 10000000000, M = 10101, i = 2, j = 6. Output: N = 10001010100
- 5.2 Given a (decimal - e g 3 72) number that is passed in as a string, print the binary rep- resentation If the number can not be represented accurately in binary, print "ERROR"
- 5.3 Given an integer, print the next smallest and next largest number that have the same number of 1 bits in their binary representation.
- 5.4 Explain what the following code does: ((n & (n-1)) == 0).
- 5.5 Write a function to determine the number of bits required to convert integer A to integer B.
- 5.6 Write a program to swap odd and even bits in an integer with as few instructions as possible (e g , bit 0 and bit 1 are swapped, bit 2 and bit 3 are swapped, etc).
#include <cstdio> #include <cassert> int previous(int number) { int n = number; int c1 = 0; int c0 = 0; // find 0. while(n & 0x1) { n >>= 1; c1++; } // find 1. while(!(n & 0x1)) { n >>= 1; c0++; } // rearrange following 1 and 0. // 10 with c0-1{0} and c1{1} // change to 01 c1{1} c0-1{0} n = ((n >> 1) << 1) + 1; for(int i=0;i<c1;i++) { n = (n << 1) + 1; } for(int i=1;i<c0;i++) { n = (n << 1); } return n; } int next(int number) { int n = number; int c1 = 0; int c0 = 0; // find 1. while(!(n & 0x1)) { n >>= 1; c0++; } // find 0. while(n & 0x1) { n >>= 1; c1++; } // rearrrange following 1 and 0. // change to 1 c0+1{0} c1-1{1}. n += 1; for(int i=0;i<=c0;i++) { n = (n << 1); } for(int i=1;i<c1;i++) { n = (n << 1) + 1; } return n; } int main() { int n = (1 << 5) + (1 << 1) + 1; int m = (1 << 4) + (1 << 3) + (1 << 2); assert(previous(n) == m); assert(next(m) == n); return 0; }
1.6.6 Brain Teasers
- Don't panic when you get a brain teaser. Interviewers want to see how you tackle a problem; they don't expect you to immediately know the answer. Start talking, and show the inter- viewer how you approach a problem
- In many cases, you will also find that the brain teasers have some connection back to funda- mental laws or theories of computer science.
- If you're stuck, we recommend simplifying the problem. Solve it for a small number of items or a special case, and then see if you can generalize it.
- 6.1 Add arithmetic operators (plus, minus, times, divide) to make the following expres- sion true: 3 1 3 6 = 8. You can use any parentheses you'd like.
- (x) 6.2 There is an 8x8 chess board in which two diagonally opposite corners have been cut off. You are given 31 dominos, and a single domino can cover exactly two squares. Can you use the 31 dominos to cover the entire board?
- 6.3 You have a five quart jug and a three quart jug, and an unlimited supply of water (but no measuring cups). How would you come up with exactly four quarts of water?
- (x) 6.4 A bunch of men are on an island. A genie comes down and gathers everyone to- gether and places a magical hat on some people's heads (i e , at least one person has a hat). The hat is magical: it can be seen by other people, but not by the wearer of the hat himself. To remove the hat, those(and only those who have a hat) must dunk themselves underwater at exactly midnight. If there are n people and c hats, how long does it take the men to remove the hats? The men cannot tell each other (in any way) that they have a hat.
- (x) 6.5 There is a building of 100 floors If an egg drops from the Nth floor or above it will break. If it's dropped from any floor below, it will not break. You're given 2 eggs Find N, while minimizing the number of drops for the worst case.
- dp[t][s][e] = 1 + min{ i=[s,e], max(dp[t-1][s][i-1], dp[t][i+1][e]) }. if(s>e) 0 else if(t==0) e-s+1
- note(dirlt): not easy to deduce actions from dp
- note(dirlt): and only one step can be decided. I've attached the code below.
- (x) 6.6 There are one hundred closed lockers in a hallway. A man begins by opening all one hundred lockers Next, he closes every second locker. Then he goes to every third locker and closes it if it is open or opens it if it is closed (e g , he toggles every third locker). After his one hundredth pass in the hallway, in which he toggles only locker number one hundred, how many lockers are open?
- only n = p * p have been flipped with odd number and final status is open.
#include <cstdio> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; const int N = 100; const int R = 2; int dp[R][N+1][N+1]; int get(int t,int s,int e) { if(s>e) return 0; if(dp[t][s][e] != 0) { return dp[t][s][e]; } int v = -1; for(int i=s;i<=e;i++) { int r = 1 + max(get(t,i+1,e),dp[t-1][s][i-1]); if(v == -1 || r < v) { v = r; } } dp[t][s][e] = v; return v; } void foo() { memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp)); for(int i=1;i<=N;i++) { for(int j=i;j<=N;j++) { dp[0][i][j] = (j-i+1); } } for(int t=1;t<R;t++) { for(int s=1;s<=N;s++) { for(int e=1;e<=N;e++) { get(t,s,e); } } } } void reverse() { int t = R-1; int v = dp[t][1][N]; printf("%d\n",v); int s = 1; int c = 1; bool changed = true; while(changed) { changed = false; for(int i=s;i<=N;i++) { // search first point that egg breaks. // and to my intuition, there will be only one point. if(v == (c + dp[t-1][s][i-1])) { printf("below %d\n",i); s = i+1; c++; changed = true; break; } } } } int main() { foo(); reverse(); return 0; }
1.6.7 Object Oriented Design
1.6.8 Recursion
- All problems that can be solved recursively can also be solved iteratively (though the code may be much more complicated). Before diving into a recursive code, ask yourself how hard it would be to implement this algorithm iteratively. Discuss the trade-offs with your interviewer.
- Recursive algorithms can be very space inefficient. Each recursive call adds a new layer to the stack, which means that if your algorithm has O(n) recursive calls then it uses O(n) memory Ouch! This is one reason why an iterative algorithm may be better.
- 8.2 Imagine a robot sitting on the upper left hand corner of an NxN grid The robot can only move in two directions: right and down How many possible paths are there for the robot?
- Imagine certain squares are "off limits", such that the robot can not step on them Design an algorithm to get all possible paths for the robot
- 8.3 Write a method that returns all subsets of a set.
- 8.4 Write a method to compute all permutations of a string.
- 8.5 Implement an algorithm to print all valid (e g , properly opened and closed) combi- nations of n-pairs of parentheses.
- 8.7 Given an infinite number of quarters (25 cents), dimes (10 cents), nickels (5 cents) and pennies (1 cent), write code to calculate the number of ways of representing n cents.
- 8.8 Write an algorithm to print all ways of arranging eight queens on a chess board so that none of them share the same row, column or diagonal.
1.6.9 Sorting and Searching
- Bubble Sort
- Selection Sort
- Merge Sort
- Quick Sort
- Bucket Sort
- Binary Search
- (x) 9.1 You are given two sorted arrays, A and B, and A has a large enough buffer at the end to hold B Write a method to merge B into A in sorted order.
- 9.3 Given a sorted array of n integers that has been rotated an unknown number of times,give an O(logn) algorithm that finds an element in the array. You may assume that the array was originally sorted in increasing order. EXAMPLE: Input: find 5 in array (15 16 19 20 25 1 3 4 5 7 10 14) Output: 8 (the index of 5 in the array)
- 9.4 If you have a 2 GB file with one string per line, which sorting algorithm would you use to sort the file and why?
- 9.5 Given a sorted array of strings which is interspersed with empty strings, write a meth- od to find the location of a given string
- Example: find "ball" in ["at", "", "", "", "ball", "", "", "car", "", "", "dad", "", ""] will return 4
- Example: find "ballcar" in ["at", "", "", "", "", "ball", "car", "", "", "dad", "", ""] will return -1
- 9.6 Given a matrix in which each row and each column is sorted, write a method to find an element in it.
- 9.7 A circus is designing a tower routine consisting of people standing atop one anoth- er's shoulders. For practical and aesthetic reasons, each person must be both shorter and lighter than the person below him or her. Given the heights and weights of each person in the circus, write a method to compute the largest possible number of peo- ple in such a tower. EXAMPLE: Input (ht, wt): (65, 100) (70, 150) (56, 90) (75, 190) (60, 95) (68, 110) Output: The longest tower is length 6 and includes from top to bottom: (56, 90) (60,95) (65,100) (68,110) (70,150) (75,190)
#include <vector>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
int BS(int A[],int n,int x) {
int s = 0;
int e = n-1;
while(s <= e) {
int m = (s + e) / 2;
if(A[m] == x) return m;
if(A[m] > x) {
if(A[s] <= x) {
e = m - 1;
} else {
s = m + 1;
} else {
if(A[e] >=x) {
s = m + 1;
} else {
e = m - 1;
// insert position.
// return s;
return -1;
int main() {
int A[] = {15,16,19,20,25,1,3,4,5,7,10,14};
int n = sizeof(A) / sizeof(int);
return 0;
#include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; int BS(const vector<string>& A,const string& x) { int n = A.size(); int s = 0; int e = n - 1; while(s <= e) { int m = (s + e) / 2; if(A[m] == "") { int u = m; while(u>=0 && A[u] == "") u--; if(u >= 0) { if(A[u] == x) return u; else if(A[u] > x) { e = u - 1; continue; } } u = m; while(u<=e && A[u] == "") u++; if(u <= e) { if(A[u] == x) return u; else if(A[u] < x) { s = u + 1; continue; } } return -1; } else if(A[m] == x) { return m; } else if(A[m] > x) { m = e - 1; } else { s = e + 1; } } } int main() { const char* ss[] = {"at", "", "", "", "ball", "", "", "car", "", "", "dad", "", "", NULL}; vector<string> A; for(int i=0;ss[i];i++) { A.push_back(ss[i]); } printf("%d\n",BS(A,"ball")); printf("%d\n",BS(A,"ballcar")); return 0; }
1.6.10 Mathematical
- 10.1 You have a basketball hoop and someone says that you can play 1 of 2 games
- Game #1: You get one shot to make the hoop
- Game #2: You get three shots and you have to make 2 of 3 shots
- If p is the probability of making a particular shot, for which values of p should you pick one game or the other?
- 10.2 There are three ants on different vertices of a triangle What is the probability of colli- sion (between any two or all of them) if they start walking on the sides of the triangle? Similarly find the probability of collision with 'n' ants on an 'n' vertex polygon
- 10.4 Write a method to implement *, - , / operations You should use only the + operator.
- (x) 10.5 Given two squares on a two dimensional plane, find a line that would cut these two squares in half.
- (x) 10.6 Given a two dimensional graph with points on it, find a line which passes the most number of points.
- (x) 10.7 Design an algorithm to find the kth number such that the only prime factors are 3, 5, and 7.
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
int kth(int k) {
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,std::greater<int> > Q3; // 3,5,7
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,std::greater<int> > Q5; // 5,7
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,std::greater<int> > Q7; // 7
for(;;) {
int x = min(min(Q3.top(),Q5.top()),Q7.top());
if(k == 0) return x;
if(x == Q3.top()) {
Q3.push(x * 3);
Q3.push(x * 5);
Q3.push(x * 7);
} else if(x == Q5.top()) {
Q5.push(x * 5);
Q5.push(x * 7);
} else {
Q7.push(x * 7);
int main() {
return 0;
1.6.11 Testing
1.6.12 System Design and Memory Limits
- 11.1 If you were integrating a feed of end of day stock price information (open, high, low, and closing price) for 5,000 companies, how would you do it? You are responsible for the development, rollout and ongoing monitoring and maintenance of the feed. De- scribe the different methods you considered and why you would recommend your approach. The feed is delivered once per trading day in a comma-separated format via an FTP site. The feed will be used by 1000 daily users in a web application.
- 11.2 How would you design the data structures for a very large social network (Facebook, LinkedIn, etc)? Describe how you would design an algorithm to show the connec- tion, or path, between two people (e g , Me -> Bob -> Susan -> Jason -> You).
- (x) 11.3 Given an input file with four billion integers, provide an algorithm to generate an integer which is not contained in the file. Assume you have 1 GB of memory. What if you have only 10 MB of memory?
- note(dirlt): The solution provided by the book should be with a restriction that integers are not repeated. But anyway, the solution is inspiring
- 11.4 You have an array with all the numbers from 1 to N, where N is at most 32,000. The array may have duplicate entries and you do not know what N is. With only 4KB of memory available, how would you print all duplicate elements in the array?
- 11.5 If you were designing a web crawler, how would you avoid getting into infinite loops?
- 11.6 You have a billion urls, where each is a huge page How do you detect the duplicate documents?
- 11.7 You have to design a database that can store terabytes of data It should support ef- ficient range queries How would you do it?.
1.6.14 Java
1.6.15 Databases
1.6.16 Low Level
- 16.1 Explain the following terms: virtual memory, page fault, thrashing.
- (x) 16.2 What is a Branch Target buffer? Explain how it can be used in reducing bubble cycles in cases of branch misprediction.
- (x) 16.3 Describe direct memory access (DMA). Can a user level buffer / pointer be used by kernel or drivers?
- (x) 16.4 Write a step by step execution of things that happen after a user presses a key on the keyboard Use as much detail as possible.
- 16.5 Write a program to find whether a machine is big endian or little endian.
- 16.6 Discuss how would you make sure that a process doesn't access an unauthorized part of the stack.
- 16.7 What are the best practices to prevent reverse engineering of DLLs?.
- (x) 16.8 A device boots with an empty FIFO queue In the first 400 ns period after startup, and in each subsequent 400 ns period, a maximum of 80 words will be written to the queue Each write takes 4 ns A worker thread requires 3 ns to read a word, and 2 ns to process it before reading the next word What is the shortest depth of the FIFO such that no data is lost?
- 16.9 Write an aligned malloc & free function that takes number of bytes and aligned byte (which is always power of 2).
- 16.10 Write a function called my2DAlloc which allocates a two dimensional array. Minimize the number of calls to malloc and make sure that the memory is accessible by the notation arr[i][j].
1.6.17 Networking
- 17.1 Explain what happens, step by step, after you type a URL into a browser. Use as much detail as possible.
- 17.2 Explain any common routing protocol in detail For example: BGP, OSPF, RIP
- 17.3 Compare and contrast the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols.
- (x) 17.4 What is a network / subnet mask? Explain how host A sends a message / packet to host B when: (a) both are on same network and (b) both are on different networks Explain which layer makes the routing decision and how.
- (x) 17.5 What are the differences between TCP and UDP? Explain how TCP handles reliable delivery (explain ACK mechanism), flow control (explain TCP sender's / receiver's win- dow) and congestion control.
1.6.18 Threads and Locks
- 18.1 What's the difference between a thread and a process?
- 18.2 How can you measure the time spent in a context switch?
- 18.3 Implement a singleton design pattern as a template such that, for any given class Foo, you can call Singleton::instance() and get a pointer to an instance of a singleton of type Foo. Assume the existence of a class Lock which has acquire() and release() methods. How could you make your implementation thread safe and exception safe?.
- 18.4 Design a class which provides a lock only if there are no possible deadlocks.
- 18.5 You are given a class with synchronized method A, and a normal method C If you have two threads in one instance of a program, can they call A at the same time? Can they call A and C at the same time?
1.6.19 Moderate Additional Review Problems
- 19.1 Write a function to swap a number in place without temporary variables.
- (x) 19.3 Write an algorithm which computes the number of trailing zeros in n factorial.
- 19.4 Write a method which finds the maximum of two numbers. You should not use if- else or any other comparison operator.
- 19.6 Given an integer between 0 and 999,999, print an English phrase that describes the integer (eg, "One Thousand, Two Hundred and Thirty Four").
- 19.7 You are given an array of integers (both positive and negative). Find the continuous sequence with the largest sum. Return the sum.
- 19.8 Design a method to find the frequency of occurrences of any given word in a book.
- (x) 19.10 Write a method to generate a random number between 1 and 7, given a method that generates a random number between 1 and 5 (i e , implement rand7() using rand5()).
- 19.11 Design an algorithm to find all pairs of integers within an array which sum to a speci- fied value.
int zeros(int n) { int c = 0; for(int k = 5; n >= k; k *= 5) { c += n / k; } return c; }
#include <cstdio> #include <string> using namespace std; static const char* s1[] = {"Zero","One","Two","Three","Four","Five", "Six","Seven","Eight","Nine","Ten", "Eleven","Twelve","Thirteen","Fourteen", "Fifteen","Sixteen","Seventeen","Eighteen", "Nineteen"}; static const char* s2[] = {"","","Twenty","Thirty","Fourty","Fifty", "Sixty","Seventy","Eighty","Ninety"}; string speak(int n) { if(n <= 19) { return s1[n]; } else if(n < 100) { int m = n % 10; string s = s2[n / 10]; if(m != 0) { s += " "; s += s1[m]; } return s; } else if(n < 1000) { int m = n % 100; string s = s1[n / 100]; s += " Hundred"; if(m != 0) { s += " and "; s += speak(m); } return s; } else { int m = n % 1000; string s = speak(n / 1000); s += " Thousand"; if(m != 0) { s += ", "; s += speak(m); } return s; } } void print(int n) { printf("%s\n",speak(n).c_str()); } int main() { print(101); print(1001); print(1010); print(999100); return 0; }
1.6.20 Hard Additional Review Problems
- (x) 20.1 Write a function that adds two numbers You should not use + or any arithmetic op- erators.
- (x) 20.2 Write a method to shuffle a deck of cards. It must be a perfect shuffle - in other words, each 52! permutations of the deck has to be equally likely. Assume that you are given a random number generator which is perfect.
- (x) 20.3 Write a method to randomly generate a set of m integers from an array of size n. Each element must have equal probability of being chosen.
- (x) 20.4 Write a method to count the number of 2s between 0 and n.
- 20.5 You have a large text file containing words. Given any two words, find the shortest distance (in terms of number of words) between them in the file. Can you make the searching operation in O(1) time? What about the space complexity for your solu- tion?
- (x) 20.6 Describe an algorithm to find the largest 1 million numbers in 1 billion numbers. As- sume that the computer memory can hold all one billion numbers.
- (x) 20.7 Write a program to find the longest word made of other words.
- (x) 20.8 Given a string s and an array of smaller strings T, design a method to search s for each small string in T.
- note(dirlt): I got suffix tree:)
- (x) 20.9 Numbers are randomly generated and passed to a method. Write a program to find and maintain the median value as new values are generated.
- (x) 20.10 Given two words of equal length that are in a dictionary, write a method to transform one word into another word by changing only one letter at a time. The new word you get in each step must be in the dictionary.
- (x) 20.11 Imagine you have a square matrix, where each cell is filled with either black or white. Design an algorithm to find the maximum subsquare such that all four borders are filled with black pixels.
- (x) 20.12 Given an NxN matrix of positive and negative integers, write code to find the sub- matrix with the largest possible sum.
- (x) 20.13 Given a dictionary of millions of words, give an algorithm to find the largest possible rectangle of letters such that every row forms a word (reading left to right) and every column forms a word (reading top to bottom).
#include <cstdio>
int add2(int a,int b) {
int sum = a ^ b;
int carry = (a & b) << 1;
if(carry == 0) return sum;
return add2(sum,carry);
int main() {
return 0;
#include <cstdio>
int c2(int n);
int c2r(int n, int pow) {
if(n == 0) return 0;
int x = n / pow;
int y = n % pow;
int res = 0;
if(x == 2) {
res += (y + 1);
} else if(x > 2) {
res += pow;
res += x * c2r(pow-1,pow / 10) + c2(y);
return res;
int c2(int n) {
int pow = 1;
while((pow * 10) <= n) pow *= 10;
return c2r(n,pow);
int main() {
return 0;
#include <queue> #include <algorithm> #include <vector> using namespace std; class Median { private: priority_queue< int, vector<int>, less<int> > Q0; priority_queue< int, vector<int>, greater<int> > Q1; public: void insert(int x) { if(Q0.empty()) { if(Q1.empty()) { Q1.push(x); } else { int y = Q1.top(); if(x < y) { Q0.push(x); } else { Q1.pop(); Q0.push(y); Q1.push(x); } } return ; } int x0 = Q0.top(); int x1 = Q1.top(); if(Q0.size() == Q1.size()) { if(x <= x0) { Q0.pop(); Q0.push(x); Q1.push(x0); } else { Q1.push(x); } } else { if(x >= x1) { Q1.pop(); Q1.push(x); Q0.push(x1); } else { Q0.push(x); } } } double median() { if(Q0.size() == Q1.size()) { return (Q0.top() + Q1.top()) * 0.5; } else { return Q1.top(); } } }; int main() { Median m; m.insert(1); m.insert(2); printf("%g\n",m.median()); m.insert(3); printf("%g\n",m.median()); m.insert(-3); printf("%g\n",m.median()); return 0; }
int m[N][N]; for(int n=N;n>=1;n--) { for(int r=0;(N-r)>=n;r++) { for(int c=0;(N-c)>=n;r++) { if(bound(r,c,n)) { return n; } } } }
int m[N][N]; int dp[N][N]; // dp[s][e] = sum from (0,0) to (s,e). for(int r=0;r<N;r++) { for(int c=0;c<N;c++) { int s = 0; for(int i=0;i<c;i++) { s += m[r][i]; } dp[r][c] = s; if(r != 0) { dp[r][c] += dp[r-1][c]; } } } int v = INT_MIN; for(int rs=0;rs<N;rs++) { for(int re=rs;re<N;re++) { for(int cs=0;cs<N;cs++) { for(int ce=0;ce<N;ce++) { int u = sum(rs,cs,re,ce); if(u > v) v = u; } } } } int X(int a,int b) { if(a < 0 || b < 0) return 0; return dp[a][b]; } int sum(int rs,int cs,int re,int ce) { int a = X(rs-1,cs-1); int b = X(rs-1,ce) - X(rs-1,cs-1); int c = X(re,cs-1) - X(rs-1,cs-1); int d = X(re,ce); return d - a - b - c; }


text:
UPDATED – JACKSON, Miss. (CNS) — Scammers have taken aim at pastors, parishes and even the bishop in the Diocese of Jackson in the past couple of months.
Just after Christmas, parishioners at St. Richard Church in Jackson received a warning that someone pretending to be pastor Father John Bohn was using a fake email address to try to persuade people to buy gift cards for him.
Father Lincoln Dall, pastor of St. Jude Parish in Pearl, and Father Albeen Vatti, pastor of St. Francis of Assisi Parish in Madison, had to warn their parishes of similar schemes. Most recently, the parishes served by the Priests of the Sacred Heart in north Mississippi sent out warnings to their members.
Even Jackson Bishop Joseph R. Kopacz was not immune. Twice in the past four months, someone has created an email account using his name and sent messages asking for gift cards.
The Federal Trade Commission and the Office of the Attorney General of Mississippi have both sent out alerts about scams just like these. Priests and pastors will never email parishioners looking for gift cards and would never send a business email from a private account such as AOL or Gmail.
The email usually begins with a simple "Hi," but no recipients' name, and asks for financial help for a worthy cause. The pastor's name concludes the request.
The Federal Trade Commission and the Office of the Attorney General of Mississippi have both sent out alerts about scams just like these. Priests and pastors will never email parishioners looking for gift cards and would never send a business email from a private account such as AOL or Gmail.
"Scammers are good at convincing people there really is an emergency, so lots of people have made the trip to the Walmart or Target or CVS to buy gift cards to send these callers. And scammers love gift cards — it's one of their favorite ways to get your money. These cards are like giving cash — and nearly untraceable, unless you act almost immediately," wrote Jennifer Leach, assistant director in the FTC's Division of Consumer and Business Education, in a blog post for the federal agency.
She added that gift cards could never be used as payment for any kind of emergency such as a car repair or plane ticket.
If someone has fallen victim to this type of scam, there is some help, but the victim has to act quickly.
"If you've bought a gift card and lost money to someone who might be a scammer, tell the company who issued the card," Leach said in her blog post. The contact info might be on the card, but might require some research.
"Call or email iTunes or Amazon or whoever it was," she continued. "Tell them their card was used in a scam. If you act quickly enough, they might be able to get your money back. But — either way — it's important that they know what happened to you. And then please tell the FTC about your loss. Your report helps us try to shut the scammers down."
The FTC has an online complaint page where victims can enter their information. The page can be accessed at www.ftccomplaintassistant.gov.
A follow-up scam at St. Richard and St. Jude involved text messages sent to parishioners asking for gift cards for the pastor.
St. Richard's parish secretary Chelsea Vaughn told the Mississippi Catholic, Jackson's diocesan newspaper, that she was able to report the phone numbers used for the texts to Google Voice so they could be shut down.
Most parishes impacted sent emails to their parishioners and posted warnings about the scams to social media, but it is hard to tell how many people may have responded before the warnings went out.
On April 12, the diocese put out a warning about a job application scam. Someone is placing job ads on Indeed.com pretending to represent the Diocese of Jackson. The supposed contact attempts to get personal information from applicants. The chancery office does not have any ads currently running on this job site and the Diocese of Jackson would never ask for personal information on the phone before a staff member conducts an in-depth interview. The diocese does not currently have a David Morgan or Jennifer Smith in the HR department.
A final scam landed in the diocesan payroll office. When the diocese reported it, State Attorney General Jim Hood's office said it had already issued an alert about this kind of scheme because it had surfaced at state agencies.
"The scammers are emailing agencies' Human Resources (HR) directors requesting a direct deposit form, which is the step taken when an employee wishes to sign up for or make a change to their paycheck deposit," Hood explained about the scam in his alert. "The email appears to come from an employee's work email address.
"In one case, an email address of a state agency's executive director was spoofed. The email indicated that the executive director was changing bank accounts and needed to change the account information on file at the office. When the HR director sent the proper forms to make such a change back to the email address that made the request, the address appeared as a Gmail account. The scammer behind that account quickly replied with the 'new' banking information, a fake voided check and the signed forms."
When someone emailed the diocesan payroll office impersonating an employee the payroll office was able to ask the employee in person to verify the change. Luckily, this scam was stopped before any money was deposited.
The bottom line, say experts, is that people should always verify in person or by phone any request involving money or personal information. Email and text messages are convenient, but anonymous and easily created by crooks.
In Pennsylvania, CBS Philly had a report about parishes in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia being targeted.
The news story prompted officials in the Diocese of Trenton, New Jersey, to issue an alert there regarding these reports of email and text scams using the name of a pastor to solicit funds for gift cards or cash donations. Several pastors said they have already heard from parishioners who received such emails or text messages.
The diocese advised parishioners "that pastors do not raise money in this manner" and urged them "to exercise the utmost caution when receiving this type of communication." Law enforcement officials said parishioners should question any email or text that doesn't come from a person in their contacts.
If the person is not known, a parishioner should call the person asking for funds to verify the story, the diocese said. If a pastor's name is used, parishioners should contact the parish to verify the legitimacy of the appeal.
Those who feel they have been a victim of such a scam are urged to contact their local police department.
Smith is editor of the Mississippi Catholic, newspaper of the Diocese of Jackson. Contributing to this story was The Monitor, the newspaper of the Diocese of Trenton.
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This gorgeous Residence Three features approximately 2,402 square feet, 4 bedrooms, 3 baths, a loft, and 2-car garage. The gourmet kitchen overlooks the dining area and includes Beech Sierra Cabinets in your choice of five colors, granite slab kitchen countertops with 6" backsplash, GE stainless steel kitchen appliance package with 30" range, microwave and dishwasher. The second floor includes a loft, centrally located laundry room with pre-plumbing for a washer and dryer and plenty of storage, spacious secondary bedrooms and a large master bedroom with a spa-like bath that includes dual sinks, shower, tub, and a walk-in closet. This home also comes with 18" x 18" ceramic tile flooring throughout the entry, kitchen and nook, 12" x 12" ceramic tile flooring in all baths and laundry, carpet in bedrooms, tankless water heater, smart thermostat with dual zone air conditioning, and much more! Please see Sales Agent for complete details.
Please Note: Photos are from our Residence 3 Model Home.


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A large soft and warm traditional Welsh blanket that is finished with a purled fringe. Traditionally woven in Wales. Woven in a multi check 80% wool 20% Cotton. Two colours available Turquoise and Orange or Black and Terracotta, the cotton yarn is included in the warp.
As a bed blanket it will drape over the side of a single bed by approx 45 cm on either side or approx 20 cm on either side with a double bed (see UK bed sizes). Also lovely on the sofa.
Approx. Size 180 x 145 cm (L x W)
Approx. Weight 2.2 kg - 5.0 lb


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Amelia's Casitas: Blue Nook, Hunter Lodge, Jacquelyn's Retreat, La Casita Azul
The Blue Nook is a 2 bedroom and 1 bathroom cottage with a full kitchen. The living room has a sofa bed. Enjoy WiFi throughout the casita and a smart TV in the living room. We are Pet Friendly, there is a $20 charge for your pet during your stay. Maximum occupancy is six guests.
The Hunters Lodge is a beautiful 900 sq ft, two bedroom and one bathroom casita. The master bedroom has a king size bed, second bedroom has a queen, the living room sofa turns into a sleeper for additional guest. The bathroom is amazing! Maximum occupancy is six guests.
Jacquelyn's Retreat is a one bedroom and one bathroom studio casita to accommodate two guests.
La Casita Azul is a one bedroom and one bathroom studio casita to accommodate two guests.
Fredericksburg TX 78624


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IT'S viewed as an insider's secret for the affluent: a legal way to invest in hedge funds and other potentially lucrative assets, all without paying taxes on the gains.
But private placement life insurance, as it is known, is still unfamiliar to many wealthy people — and trickier to design properly than even some savvy investors realize, tax lawyers and financial advisers say.
"It sounds so good — 'I can invest tax-free and get the money' — but it's actually very complex," said Jonathan Blattmachr, a retired estates and trusts partner from the Milbank Tweed law firm in New York.
Private placement life insurance is an investment wrapped inside an insurance policy. The Internal Revenue Code treats the taxation of insurance differently from that of investments, like stocks or hedge funds, and does not levy federal income tax or the 15 percent capital gains on a life insurance policy when it pays out upon the death of the holder. So by stuffing an otherwise taxable investment inside a tax-free life insurance policy, investors can reap the compounded gains of that investment and the death benefit, all tax-free.
The insurance is a form of variable life insurance whose cash value depends upon the performance of investments held in the policy. It is particularly lucrative because hedge funds, which trade frequently, otherwise often carry the 35 percent short-term capital gains tax.Continue reading the main story
William Waxman, a principal at Waxman Cavner Lawson, an insurance broker for the wealthy and a financial adviser in Austin, Tex., said that demand for hedge funds, even in a down market, "is driving a lot of the private placement insurance market." Still, he said, the private placement life insurance industry was relatively small; the cash value of all policies outstanding amounts to perhaps $4 billion to $5 billion. While brokers pitched the policies to many family offices on the East Coast, he said, West Coast offices appeared less tapped.
There are other lucrative benefits besides the absence of income taxes.
When structured properly, the gains and the death benefit can escape estate taxes and go to your heirs tax-free when you die. If structured through an offshore entity, like a foreign trust, the gains can remain out of reach of creditors or those who might sue you.
But investors appeared to be shying away from the foreign variant, Mr. Waxman said, in part because "you have very sophisticated estate planning lawyers in the United States, but they don't necessarily have offshore practices."
Investors may also be able to borrow up to 90 percent of the gains from the policy without paying taxes on the loan. One exception is when the policy is structured as a modified endowment contract, or M.E.C.; then, the amount borrowed is taxed at ordinary rates, typically 35 percent, and may carry a 10 percent penalty tax.
Investors who buy an M.E.C. version do so solely to pass on the death benefit free of income and estate taxes to their heirs, not to access gains tax-free before then. The Internal Revenue Service considers the policy an M.E.C. if the investor has paid in all the premiums due over the first seven years — a limitation intended to prevent the rapid financing of tax-free benefits.
Investors must also meet several hurdles.
They must be an "accredited investor" and "qualified purchaser" as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which means they must earn at least $200,000 a year and have investable assets of at least $5 million. The insured must qualify medically for an insurance policy — in other words, not hooked up to life support in intensive care.
But tax lawyers say the most difficult hurdle concerns restrictions around the choice of the investments. The "private placement" part means that the investor must be willing to choose, from a list preselected by the insurer, the bonds, stocks, hedge funds or other investments in which premiums will be invested. In other words, you can't try to stuff in your separate hedge fund investment, a move that can run you afoul of the Internal Revenue Service.
And you can't stuff in paintings or other valuables, Mr. Waxman added. He said the policies were not good for those wanting to invest in private equity, because the latter can be difficult to convert to cash.
Gideon Rothschild, an estates and tax lawyer in New York who specializes in offshore versions of the policies, said the people who can buy them "are control freaks and tend to think they can invest better than anybody, including the hedge fund manager," and thus often shy away from them.
Though the policies require only a couple of premium payments, they are hefty. Insurers that sell them typically require at least a $1 million prepaid premium for a $10 million policy, and others require $5 million. Some policies have a value as high as $100 million or more, with the total premiums due ranging from $10 million or more each. Big sellers include MassMutual, the American International Group, New York Life, the Phoenix Companies in Hartford and Boston, Prudential, John Hancock and Crown Global Insurance.
But the various fees that can be owed in addition to the premiums are typically well below fees for other forms of investable insurance.
They can include a one-time sales load charge, a required annual mortality expense, the monthly cost of insurance, a state premium tax and a deferred acquisition cost. If a trust or foreign corporation is set up offshore to house the policy, there are other fees, including one paid to the trustee of the entity that owns the policy.
If the policy owns hedge funds, investors may also be required to pay the typical 20 percent cut of profits and a 2 percent management fee to the fund.
The total fees associated with an onshore policy vary, but Mr. Waxman said that, as a guideline, "we try to make the total cost of the whole thing 100 basis points or less of the cash value" of the policy. (One basis point is one one-hundredth of a percent, so 100 basis points would be 1 percent, or $50,000 on a $5 million policy.)
Lawrence Brody, an estate planning partner at the Bryan Cave law firm in St. Louis, said that "you have to have the financial capacity to buy one of these, so that it's not too tempting to have a $100 million policy on your life and somebody who's a beneficiary who might want to kill you" to collect the death benefit. "You will want a billion or so in net worth, and the insurer will probably even require it."
An article in the special Wealth section on Thursday about private placement life insurance misstated the number of basis points and the percentage used to arrive at the $50,000 in fees on a $5 million onshore insurance policy. It is 100 basis points, or 1 percent of the total policy value — not 10 basis points or 0.1 percent of the total.


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With Appreciation to God, Who Is the Creator of Our Universe that Logically Cannot Exist But Does!
H. Appreciation and the Universe's Origination
A poem:
Everything Is Possible and Nothing Is Impossible
The more things, the more possibilities.
As everything contains all things,
all possibilities are possible
only for everything.
Without variability, there is no possibility.
As nothing contains no variability,
and impossible is without possibility,
only nothing is impossible.
Never will logic comprehend our universe's absolute origin. Let the world's foremost cosmologists theorize about the Big Bang's trigger. After, they could be asked, "From whence came this trigger?" The speculation, of course, would be of things smaller and smaller. But from whence came these smaller things?
Somewhat reflecting the ancient, religious understanding of Creation out of nothing (called, in Hebrew, yesh m'ayin, and in Latin, creatio ex nihilo), some scientists finally believe that the Big Bang, somehow, emanated from empty space. But, from where came empty space? . . . Surely, from something(s) less than empty space. However, less than empty, three-dimensional space—that is, two-dimensional space—cannot exist in our universe. Further, it is impossible to study the nonexistent. So, if the precursor of three-dimensional space can never be examined, we are, scientifically, forever unable to determine the absolute origin of our universe. We are in a box and can get out never.
From the above, those of a weaker faith—that is, those who have been wrongly swayed into the belief that science has somehow disproven the existence of God—should, please, recognize both the eternal limitation of human understanding and the folly of attempting to disprove what is beyond our comprehension.
Despite these limitations on human logic, we can, nonetheless, determine what we can determine. Therefore, hypothetically continuing the previous thread, even if two-dimensional space were possible in some universe prior to ours and from where ours sprang, from where came two-dimensional space? Surely, from a lesser, one-dimensional space. But, one-dimensional space is a misnomer in that space is binary: for space, there must be, at the least, a duality of theres: a there to a there, that is, from one end of the space to the other. (Of profound interest, Hebrew's word for "heaven," as in "In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth," literally means a "plurality of there" or "theres," as in "heres and theres.")
Because the one that was before the creation of two, that is, the singularity that was before the duality, cannot yet be even space, pure number one is—if the verb "is," which describes an existence, can be rightly used—a lack of existence: a spaceless nothing.
Theoretically, at a black hole's center, exists a point that is defined as a "singularity," that is, "one-dimensional space." However, despite this appellation, such a "singularity" is not truly singular (even if such a point is as close as can be gotten, in a dimensional universe, to one-dimensional space). After all, that a black hole's singularity is some sort of point means that it starts and ends somewhere (e.g., after a black hole's event horizon). And, if anything at all has a starting point, it is a dimensional multiple and not a singular.
According to traditional Judeo-Christian theology (again, yesh m'ayin/creatio ex nihilo), our universe was created from such a spaceless nothing. Or, rather, using honorific capital letters to denote deity, the universe emanated from (drumroll please) the Spaceless Nothing, the number One, Who is the universal Creator!
Paradoxically, while one, less than two, is obviously the least of all numbers, the number one before two's creation is also the greatest number—more than infinity! Consider: pure one, which is absolutely nothing, is more than infinity (a word literally meaning "without a finish"). It is more because pure nothingness has both no end in addition to no beginning!
In Hebrew (and thereby, per Judeo-Christianity since both Jews and Jesus honor the original Biblical texts), this without-a-beginning-and-without-an-end, absolutely unlimited concept of the number One is the Creator. (This, also, is the Islamic concept of the Creator.)
Now, and again with a drumroll, to answer the age-old question of why we are all here . . . there can be no tangible reason for existence! There can be no rationale because a precedent is required for a reason; and, prior to the universe's existence, there was nothingness. So, as the universe's antecedent was nothing, there can be no explanation for why we are here. Thereby, without any reason, we could not have done anything to deserve our existence. Meaning, all of life must be a free gift! So appreciate and enjoy!
Click to return to the previous page
Click to return to the start of "All My Grace"
Click to return to the start of "Selected Other Writings" and its Table of Contents


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Join us at Inner Alchemy for an 8 week chakra sound bath series. Each week we will introduce one of the seven main chakras (energy centers) and work on tuning that specific chakra by surrendering to the sounds and vibrations of quartz crystal and Tibetan singing bowls. The final week will feature all the chakras. You may attend any or all of the series.
A sound bath is an experience of relaxation and healing through sound and vibration as participants lie or sit comfortably and bathe in the luscious soundscapes and frequencies of therapeutic sound instruments. Your evening will include the sounds of over 15 crystal and Tibetan singing bowls, native drum, rain stick, tingshas, and koshi chimes. All off these instruments will play a part in our experience as they bring their own unique textures and tonal qualities to your sonic journey.
Week 5 will focus on the Throat Chakra or Vishuddha. It is the fifth chakra and the passage of the energy between the lower parts of the body and head. The throat chakra is the energy center associated with self-expression and communication.
Dress comfortably and bring a yoga mat, blanket, pillow, and water for hydration while lying in shavasana (corpse pose). Other items are welcome (eye pillow, bolster, extra padding, crystals). Please arrive 10-15 minutes to get settled.
REGISTRATION REQUIRED to secure your spot (limited to 10 participants).
Visit my website www.singingbowsoundsations.com
Follow on Facebook www.facebook.com/singingbowlsoundsations


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Hi, I need help! well i just turned 19 and am moving to Oklahoma for college. I had Medical in California but haven't found anything that will pay for my doctors visits and supplies. being a student and living on my own is hard enough, any one know something I don't?
diabetes health care?
You must log in to post a comment. Log in now.
March 1, 2009, 2:02 pm
many universities offer free or reduced cost medical care and medications to students, as well as student insurance programs. Check with the school you plan to attend for information. Also check with the state's ADA (or 1800-diabetes) to see what information they may have. In some states, students, espeially those with a chronic illness, can get medicaid, which will cover the expenses.
Being diabetic, especially if type 1, they may refer you to an outside doctor for diabetic care (as they did to me – our on campus doctor was actually a PA and I was a little more complicated medically than your average type II).


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Monday, 10 August 2015 09:28
Modified: Wednesday, 03 October 2018 13:44
DJ-Reviews tutorial: How to setup own criteria 3.8 out of 5 based on 5 votes.
We are happy to announce our first tutorial for DJ-Reviews extension. Now you can learn how to configure and use own criteria in DJ-Reviews.


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Monday night's game against the San Francisco 49ers was another insane chapter in the legend that is Aaron Rodgers Youth Kenny Clark Jersey , but it was also a game that helped boost confidence in other players going forward. While it wasn't necessarily a make-or-break game for the Green Bay Packers, it did feel as if this was a "get right" game going into a bye. Considering the Packers come out of the bye playing two of the strongest opponents in the league on their own fields (@ Rams, @ Patriots), the Packers can avoid the "What's Wrong with Them?" headlines and shift more to the "How Can They Get Better?" headlines. Keep monitoring these players as they go into a bye week stretch that sees several teams having an off week. Some of these players aren't worth dumping to stream another option.Stock UpMason Crosby, KCredit where it's due. Including a clutch game-winner on Monday night, Crosby kicked the ball perfectly finishing 4/4 on field goal attempts and 3/3 on extra points. This was a great sign as the longtime Packer kicker was—to put it delicately— a disaster in Detroit. It helped that QB1 put him in a position to kick a make-able game-winning field goal, but getting that confidence boost is important. While that game against the Lions was a tough look, Crosby should be back on your rosters if the Packers can't figure out their red zone offense. Currently, Crosby leads the league in field goal attempts (20). Jimmy Graham, TEGraham's season has been mostly up-and-down. With Davante Adams as the primary target no matter what field position the Packers have, Graham has been slow coming out of the gate. His five catches on nine targets were a great sign, though Cheap Josh Jackson Jersey , as he went over 100 yards for the first time this season. His 20 yards per catch average was nice to see, even if it was against the Niners. The Packers next three games after the bye are all against teams that are at least in the top-12 for DVOA defending tight ends (LAR, NE, MIA), but hopefully two weeks of rest and preparation will put other weapons back on the field to open up more opportunities for Graham. Rookie wide receiversWhile the stats favored Marques Valdes-Scantling, I'm keeping an eye on Equanimeous St. Brown, especially in dynasty leagues. MVS again showed why he's a developing deep threat that could help stretch the field for years to come by reining in three catches for 103 yards. St. Brown only recorded one catch, but it was a 19-yarder that was huge in the final drive of the game. Granted, it was a masterful throw by Rodgers, but that doesn't take away from the clean route and impressive grab by the rookie. After struggling to get on the same page with Rodgers earlier this season, it's plays like those that can help build the confidence Rodgers has in you. There are no moral victories in football, but the Packers should feel more confident in their offense moving forward.Stock DownAaron Jones Youth Geronimo Allison Jersey , RBI hate writing that. Jones is such an excellent playmaker and his declining stock isn't through fault of his own. He still averaged five yards per carry against the Niners, but as McCarthy keeps stating, the game script is calling for Ty Montgomery and Jamaal Williams to underwhelm out of the backfield. I get that there's more to playing running back than running the ball, but Jones is so dynamic that he helps put the Packers in more manageable field position. Thanks to The Ringer's Danny Kelly, he pointed out that only the Browns have faced more 3rd-and-long situations while also ranking 3rd in average yards to go per play. At this point you should probably take Jones out of any flex situations until proven otherwise. Keep you ears open for any clues as to the direction of Jones' usage during the bye week. Another game against an elite opponent, another blown opportunity for the Green Bay Packers.Just like last week's loss to the Los Angeles Rams, last night's defeat at the hands of the New England Patriots saw Green Bay keep pace for a big chunk of the game only for a crippling mistake to occur that all but ends their chances. The difference? This week's mistake game much earlier in the fourth quarter and the Packers never recovered. When two consecutive long completions by quarterback Aaron Rodgers had Green Bay driving during a tied game, running back Aaron Jones fumbles the ball, New England recovered and Green Bay never did.As good teams do, the Patriots put the game away by seizing on the Packers' mistake and put them away. The offense never recovered for the Packers and the It was again a microcosm of their season: show promise on both sides of the football, but then show maddening deficiencies. That's a sign of a mediocre team and being mediocre doesn't cut it in a city nicknamed "Titletown." The season is at the halfway point and jobs are definitely on the line in the second half of the 2018 campaign.You can read more on the loss to the Patriots plus how New England's creativity immediately knocked Green Bay on their heels in today's cheese curds. Another opportunity slips away for the Packers—Packers.comEvergreen headline. The Packers can't get out of their own way and whose shoulders does that lie on? The players? The coaches? They'd better get that figured out fast or they'll miss the playoffs again, this time with Rodgers available for the whole season. That's all sorts of embarrassing.Lack of balance topples Packers' chances against the Patriots—PackersNews.comThe Packers will always live and die on the right arm of Rodgers http://www.packerscheapshoponline.com/cheap-authentic-geronimo-allison-jersey , but does it have to be that way? You've got a weapon in Jones, fumble aside. In order for weapons to be effective, you have to consistently use them.Packers don't hold up their end in Aaron Rodgers-Tom Brady showdown—ESPNIt was billed as a battle of two elite quarterbacks but everyone knew it would come down to the other 20 players on the field. The Patriots knew how to use theirs. The Packers? Not so much. It also doesn't help when Rodgers, who normally excels under the blitz, was mediocre under pressure.Patriots get creative to separate themselves from Packers in win—USA TodayHe won't be a popular name after leaving the Colts at the altar this offseason, but does anyone else salivate at the thought of Rodgers in a Josh McDaniels-led offense? Packers are crumbling: Three takeaways from loss to Patriots—Packers Wire People are going to pile on McCarthy and the coach deserves his share of the blame. You can't let Rodgers off the hook, though. He's been rattled, making poor reads and yet again holding the ball too long. He's going to have to break those habits if the Packers want to make the postseason.
|Mar 7


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Blog Props
A great way to practice building web stuff is to copy sites or apps that are already built.
This exercise will help you to fight through the harder aspects instead of saying "I actually wanted it to look like this," when you might just want to take the easy way out.
Re-create the first page of this website.
You will organize it into these components:
Indented components are suppose to be nested.
<Header />
<Navbar />
<BlogList />
<BlogPost />
<Footer />
You will pass
<BlogPost /> it's
sub title,
author, and
date through props.
Eventually we will be pulling data from api's and displaying data like these blog posts in a list, much like we see here
Feel free to use the following array to
.map() on:
title: "Man must explore, and this is exploration at its greatest",
subTitle: "Problems look mighty small from 150 miles up",
author: "Start Bootstrap",
date: "September 24, 2019"
title: "I believe every human has a finite number of heartbeats. I don't intend to waste any of mine.",
subTitle: "",
author: "Start Bootstrap",
date: "eptember 18, 2019"
title: "Science has not yet mastered prophecy",
subTitle: "We predict too much for the next year and yet far too little for the next ten.",
author: "Start Bootstrap",
date: "August 24, 2019"
title: "Failure is not an option",
subTitle: "Many say exploration is part of our destiny, but it's actually our duty to future generations.",
author: "Start Bootstrap",
date: "July 8, 2019"


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Who runs these EVENTS?
Hello there, I'm Lisa - a curious 31 year old from London. The Naked Dinner is a culmination of my favourite things: surprise, laughter, creativity, delicous food and most importantly great company. Each event, we really look forward to meeting those who choose to attend and delve into the mysteries that make up how we think about nudity today.
Where are these EVENTS held?
These events will soon be held in London, UK. Details will be confirmed around the end of November 2019. Ticket holders are sent an email with exact directions three days before an event.
Do I have to be naked?
We encourage you to be brave, but only to strip off as much as you feel comfortable. Once all guests have arrived, we give everyone an apron to change into and make use of throughout the evening. Some people whip the whole lot off immediately, while others work up to a partial/full reveal over the course of the evening.
What will we be drinking?
BYO bubbles, wine, beer or cider….and you're welcome to bring an extra bottle.
What will we be eating?
The menu varies slightly with each event. We do our best to accomodate guest requests, so if you follow a special diet, through choice or not, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com
How many people attend?
The number of guests varies - we've found around 30 makes for a great night.
What if I need to cancel?
We're all human, so if you need to cancel please let us know as soon as possible. A full refund is offered up to 7 days before any event. After then we will have started purchasing supplies, sorry.
The privacy of all our guests is respected and maintained at all times. All reviews are approved before they are published and it is up to you what details you share with other guests. No phones are allowed at the table - so if you would like a photo of yourself or with your partner, please do this away from the other guests.
Host rights
On the rare occassion a guest is making others feel uncomfortable, the host of any of The Naked Dinner events reserves the right to ask any individual(s) to leave. If you feel uncomfortable at any stage, for any reason, please inform the host at your soonest convenience. When a person is asked to leave, if this is before 10pm half the ticket fee will be refunded. If this is after 10pm, no refund will be issued.


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3 thoughts on "BNSF #9959"
I can hear and smell it. Well done! When Mary and her brother David were very little, every nice afternoon, I would take them in the Radio wagon to the level crossing near us and we would all wave to the engine driver, who would wave back.


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Lake Of Fire #3
Series: Lake of Fire
The small band of surviving crusaders and heretics struggles to come to grips with the alien menace that has cursed the land. A decision must be made— do they try to run, or are they compelled by their faith to track the devils and take the fight to them, even if that means marching through the very gates of Hell itself?
Cover A
Cover B
Collected Editions
Lake Of Fire TP Feb 22, 2017
Lake Of Fire #5 Dec 21, 2016
Lake Of Fire #4 Nov 23, 2016
Lake Of Fire #3 Oct 26, 2016
Lake Of Fire #2 Sep 28, 2016
Lake Of Fire #1 Aug 24, 2016