text:
1 * 2019 Natural Resources Institute Finland's Stakeholder Magazine
It's All in the Genes p. 4 Tree Bark – a Treasure Chest of Useful Materials p. 8 Circular Economy at It's Finest p. 12 Mission: Less Harmful Cow Burps p. 16
Content Photo: Pixabay
30 In short: • Need to make complex decisions? – ask YODA
• Doctoral Dissertation: Nutrition in the food life-cycle assessments • Key indicators for monitoring the progress of bioeconomy in the EU identified
It's all in the genes
• Campaign provides information about nutrients for consumers Photo: Plugi
Tree bark – a treasure chest of useful materials
Scientists adding twist of bio-economy to arctic policies
35 In short: • Luke successful in employer rankings • Luke and FAO increase cooperation in forestry, climate change and food security • DIABOLO tackles Europe's challenges with improved forest information
Photo: Shutterstock
Circular economy at its finest
Less harmful cow burps
20 Desire to experiment led to a groundbreaking product
Best food in the world – and only Finns know about it
28 A scientist and a navigator 29 Englishman in new work
Leia is Natural Resources Institute Finland's (Luke) stakeholder magazine, issued twice a year. Leia online: www.luke.fi/leia Publisher: Luke, tel. +358 29 532 6000 email@example.com www.luke.fi Editor-in-Chief: Mikko Salmi, Luke Photo editor: Ulla Ramstadius, Luke Cover photo: Shutterstock Layout design: MAK Media Oy Printing: KopioNiini Paper: Galerie Art Volume 4. volume ISSN 2343-0400 (print) ISSN 2343-0419 (online) Leia has been printed with plant-based ink on FSC-certified paper.
Luke is a research and expert organisation that works to advance bioeconomy and sustainable use of renewable natural resources in order to promote well-being and sustainable growth.
Research-based solutions for sustainable biobased economy Internationally competitive research
Solid base for formation of policies
120 90 30 25
Strong partnerships
Mâ'Ź Turnover
Mâ'Ź Research & customer portfolio
Holistic approach to sustainability
Deep understanding of bioeconomy value chains
Unique research infrastructures and platforms
Locations in Finland
HQ in Helsinki
Multidisciplinary research & expertise
Motivated and
Statutory services
Present in 12 campuses with universities,research institutes and polytechnics
High-quality data assets and open access
1300 650 50 700+
Employees researchers research professors ongoing research projects
Our research focus: luke.fi/en/research/ Our business solutions: luke.fi/en/services/
It's all in the genes text: ANNE SALOMÄKI
Genome editing can help us find solutions to the global food crisis and prepare for the impacts of climate change. However, a recent EU court ruling might lead to innovative crop development slipping through the fingers of European producers.
Photo: Pixabay
Genome editing
Infographic: Sanna Karmakka
Genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9) CHROMOSOME CELL & NUCLEUS
TARGET DNA THE SEQUENCE TO BE MODIFIED RNA-GUIDE GENOME EDITING A small piece of the genome is modified at a pre-determined position. A similar change would be possible in nature.
In GENETIC MODIFICATION (by gene transfer) the new gene (from a different species) gets usually inserted in a random position, which can affect the function of the gene itself or its neighbors.
Target DNA will be edited at a specific position determined by the guide-RNA. No foreign DNA is added to the target.
n answer to the problems of global food production or a violation the natural order of things? Depending on whom you ask, the opinion on genome editing can vary from a dream come true to a sci-fi nightmare. Genome editing refers to adding, removing, or altering small segments of the genome of an organism. Unlike genetic modification (GM), the method doesn't introduce foreign DNA to the genome, but instead makes changes of the sort commonly found in nature. Alan Schulman, Research Professor at Luke, sees genome editing as nothing less than a way to help head off an impending global food crisis due to climate change. Currently, climate change is both accelerating the spread of diseases and causing rapidly changing and fluctuating growing environments, for which breeders need plant traits not found among their 6
The RNA-guide brings the Cas9 to the matching position. Cas9 endonuclease enzyme cuts the DNA.
current elite varieties, in order to avoid the risk of crop failures. Precision breeding by genome editing could be used to generate crops with, for example, better nutritional value or reduced allergenicity, or to tailor crops to specific environments. "Genome editing enables us to modify a particular gene that responds to drought or a virus, and make the plant resistant to that stress," Schulman explains. "This not only protects our harvest but also provides us with a biological solution, as it saves us from using toxic sprays." The difference between editing and GM, Schulman explains, can be illustrated by how one changes the colour of a flower. To introduce an entirely new colour to the species, GM could add the gene for an enzyme from another species. When the genome is edited, the colour is changed by altering a gene already in the genome in a way that would be possible in nature, too.
The break is repaired by either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology directed repair (HDR).
From tomato softness to cattle infections The technique applies to smaller issues than climate change as well. Schulman notes that if we know which part of the gene controls fruit softening, it can be modified easily and quickly to make the fruit last fresh for longer, helping tackle food waste. Genome editing can also help improve both animal welfare and resilience. Luke's Research Professor Johanna Vilkki points out that knowledge revealed by gene editing in experimental cell lines on how certain gene variants make a cow resistant to infection could later be used in breeding decisions and would eventually lead to improved resistance in the population. Both Vilkki and Schulman emphasise that the changes that occur through genome editing could just as well appear naturally; it would just take various generations and decades, particularly in the case of animals. Another problem is the
Infographic: Sanna Karmakka
Domestication by genome editing
Natural mutations and selection in genes affecting agronomically desirable traits have led to the modern productive varieties, while some useful traits may have been lost.
uncontrollability of possible side effects, whereas genome editing is very precise, because it only affects the characteristic it's intended to. Schulman thinks that the technique isn't fully understood by the public due to the way people tend to see DNA. "When people say, 'it's in the DNA', they deem it fixed and unchangeable," he explains. "What they don't realise is that our DNAs change all the time, and that variations such as introduced by genome editing are common and natural."
Dynamite instead of hooks and lures What's hindering the development and implementation of genome editing in Europe is a recent European Court of Justice ruling. In July, the court decided that organisms obtained by modern forms of mutagenesis are not exempt from the Union's GM legislation. In practice, companies wanting to make use of genome
Known genes affecting main agronomical characteristics can be edited in wild relatives to produce a productive variety retaining old beneficial traits such as disease resistance.
editing would have to go through the same risk assessment and authorisation processes as with GM. Schulman and Vilkki believe, as do more than 75 European plant and life sciences research centres and institutes that have signed a position paper opposing the ruling, that comparing editing to modification is simply incorrect. GM gets a lot of bad press due to its perceived unpredictability, but both professors are adamant that as editing is both more precise and indistinguishable from the results of natural processes, it shouldn't fall under the same category. Schulman compares the ruling to allowing fishing by dynamite but forbidding hooks and lures. "With the older mutagenesis methods that aren't regulated by the EU, you mutate many genes at random to change one of them, which is like throwing an explosive in the water whilst trying to catch a particular fish," he describes. "Editing is
like fishing with a lure, using just the right bait for the kind of fish you're after." The court's decision, as Schulman and Vilkki point out, makes it impossible for small companies to go through the costly processes. This gives only large corporations, like Monsanto, a monopoly in developing the method. The experts note that as the results of gene editing can't be tracked, the EU would need to de facto ban imports from countries allowing editing to ensure no such products enter the market. Both Schulman and Vilkki hope to see the EU court revisit its decision and come up with a new regulatory framework – based on science. Alan Schulman Research Professor email@example.com Johanna Vilkki Research Professor firstname.lastname@example.com LEIA * 2018 7
Tree bark
– a treasure chest of useful materials text: HEIKKI HAMUNEN
Tree bark is a versatile source of raw materials for the pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food industries. Finland also produces bark suitable for organic products, as half the country's forests – close to 12 million hectares – are certified organic.
Photo: Photo:Pixabay Pixabay
Boreal Green Bioeconomy
Photo: Risto Korpinen
Burning of timber and bark for bioenergy is the last alternative.
ree bark is an exceptionally versatile source of raw materials, its various layers providing different products. "Bark contains antimicrobial and anti-oxidant compounds which could be used as preservatives, not to mention pharmaceutical compounds and ingredients which enhance the taste of food products", states Pekka Saranpää, Principal Scientist at Luke. In addition, bark provides raw materials for adhesives, insulating materials and even water purification, helping in removing impurities. Despite this versatility bark has been largely neglected as a source of raw materials in comparison with cellulose fibres. Attention to bark's usability has increased only since the start of the new millennium.
Maximum wood utilisation Behind the increasing interest in bark is the aim of resource efficient utilisation of forest biomass, in a greater variety of ways. "The European Union wants to promote the cascading use of wood. Accordingly, the burning of timber and bark for bioenergy is the last alternative 10
when all other possible uses have been exhausted", says Saranpää. Cascading use of wood is the smartest way to use a natural resource – directing it to high value use before it is reused, recycled and finally burnt for energy. Taking wood straight from the forest and burning it just doesn't make sense if it can be used for other products first. In this way, the use of forest biomass is maximised, states Saranpää. According to Saranpää, maximal use of bark products also complies with UN Sustainable Development Goals. Immediate action is demanded to combat climate change and implement sustainable production methods. "By making use of bark the number of consumer products from renewable raw materials would increase. The tanninpolyphenols from conifer bark, for example, could replace the harmful phenolic compounds from fossil sources which are used in adhesives", says Saranpää.
Finnish organic bark One of the advantages of Finnish bark for use in the food and cosmetics industries is that 12 million hectares of the country's forested areas are already certified organic. These comprise one third of all the world's certified organic forest areas including other wild collection and beekeeping.
Finland's largest certified organic forests lie in the north of the country. The forests there also have another advantage. "North-grown trees have greater concentrations of stilbenes than those grown in the south. The more extreme the growing conditions, the more the trees contain these antioxidative compounds found in spruce bark", says Tuula Jyske, Senior Scientist at Luke.
Forest-flavoured ice-cream Jyske's job is to study how the useful compounds found in bark can be utilised by the food industry as additives and aromatics. She co-ordinates the InnoTrea project, funded by the Academy of Finland, where scientists from various disciplines have studied, for example, whether the tannins extracted from tree bark prevent the oxidization of fats in reindeer meat. This could lead to improved preservation of meat products. "We also tested whether the tannins might add some exotic flavour to the reindeer meat. Tannins are naturally found in wines for example, affecting their tastes too." Jyske's team has also tested bark tannin extracts in co-operation with an ice-cream producer in northern Finland, the company hoping to find "a new forestflavour" for its products. "The results were promising. It seems that these extracts may be capable of
improving preservability of certain types of products, add aroma, and replace other preservatives, Jyske summarizes the first development test results."
Development of added value value Development of added 100-3000 €/l
Extractives disappear rapidly Pekka Saranpää points out that extracts from wood and bark can replace almost any oil-based products. But the extraction of bark's various ingredients and their refinement are a challenge. "Up to 95 percentages of woody material is wood fibre, but in bark there is a tremendous range. Bark is full of all kinds of cell tissue, which makes its refinement challenging. When you start to break them down and derive extractives, reactions take place which are difficult to control." All the phases of the wood procurement chain, as well as environmental conditions, affect the rate at which the various bark extractives are lost. Debarking and chipping are the worst possible scenario in preserving valuable bark extractives-based biochemicals. If bark extractives are desired end-products, wood should not be debarked and chipped beforehand, instead these processes should take place just before feedstock utilization. This adds a new kind of challenge for the material supply chain. "The bigger the particle size of the stored bark, the better the valuable compounds are preserved in the material. For example, storing bark in piles, all the stilbenes disappear within four weeks", says Hanna Brännström, Senior Scientist at Luke. Brännström works on developing new delivery regimes for various types of forest biomass through Biohub – Forest Biobased business hubs – a co-operative project involving Luke and six other partners. Despite the rapid degradation of some of the valuable components, winter conditions improve the preservation of others, as long as the bark remains on the trunk. Basically, fat-soluble compounds are preserved better than water-soluble ones. "Raw materials are best stored frozen, or at least as cold as possible", says Brännström.
5700-? €/kg
9-400 €/L 160 €/kg 32 €/t
Conifer bark
Food ingredients
PRICE DEVELOPMENT Primary production
High value products and services
The value of tree bark multiplies when it's not burned but used as raw material for new products.
Various stilbenes can be extracted from bark. The more extreme the growing conditions, the more antioxidative compounds the trees contain.
Pekka Saranpää Principal Scientist email@example.com Photo: Risto Korpinen
Circular economy at its finest text: KAISA I NIEMINEN
photos: PASI LAAJALA
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) is studying best methods to cultivate the common duckweed in aquaculture facilities – and to use it as fish feed, closing the nutrient circle.
Photo: Shutterstock
Blue Bioeconomy
Pasi Laajala in the middle of his work.
Lemna minor cultures in Taivalkoski are protected from birds.
Common duckweed • Free-floating aquatic freshwater plant • Rapid grower • Leaves are 1–8 mm long, root 1–2 cm • Up to 45 % of dry weight is proteins • Besides nutrition, can be used in waste water treatment or refined as fuel
ustainable development of the growing aquaculture industry requires new means to decrease and compensate nutrient emissions. Common duckweed is a diverse plant which sequesters both nitrogen and phosphorus effectively. Thus, it may prove helpful in recycling nutrient in inland fish farming. Common duckweed or Lemna minor is a small, floating plant which blooms in naturally eutrophic waters like ponds and ditches. Rich in protein, the plant is rather simple to grow and harvest, unlike algae. Thus, it is a perfect plant for cultivation in fish tanks or runoff waters of agriculture. Traditionally, the Finnish aquaculture industry has been rather dependent on imported nutrients. Most of them come from animal feed; another alternative has been imported plant proteins, particularly soy and sunflower seeds. The country's self-sufficiency in fodder plants is only 25%, which means that a lot of imported nutrients end up in the environment and our nutrient balance.
Collected lemna minor ready for freezer, waiting to be processed.
"When we recycle the nutrients in common duckweed as fish feed, imported nutrients can be replaced with domestic alternatives," says Pasi Laajala, project manager of Luke's Pikkuli project.
Encouraging results Pikkuli is joint project with a Finnish aquaculture company Kalankasvatus Vääräniemi. The aim is to study how the plant really manages in fish tanks. The start was promising, and the cultivation pools were soon full of light green culture. However, the nature gave its surprise earlier than expected. "We estimated that birds could harm the culture only in the autumn, but a goldeneye family showed up for supper already in early-summer. We learned that some birds can land even in very small ponds to eat the plants. Now we have paid our dues and the cultures have been protected from airstrikes," Laajala says.
Lemna minor on a plate – or in the fuel tank? Feed producer Raisioagro is an associate partner and a feed specialist in the project.
They are the only Finnish producer of fish feed, accounting for approximately half of the fish feed used in Finland. "Our partnership with Raisioagro dates back many years. Together we have developed many new, sustainable feed products which are rich in nutrients," Laajala explains. But there could be even more to common duckweed than feed: in addition to protein, it contains good fat acids and carbohydrates, such as beta-glucan, which has positive effects to human health. "The last use case would be to gasify the plant in a bioreactor or use is in the compost. Then the nutrients could circulate back to the fields, and the need for industrially made fertilisers would diminish," Laajala points out. "The side product, biogas, could then be used to heat up building or refined as fuel."
Duckweed could be a great asset in nutrient sequestration.
Pasi Laajala Research Scientist email@example.com LEIA * 2018 15
Less harmful cow burps text: ANTTI MIETTINEN
photos: EETU AHANEN
Greenhouse gases in cow burps warm up the climate. To mitigate this effect, researchers at Luke study different feeding and breeding strategies to reduce the amount of methane emitted by cattle.
Innovative Food System
Cutting the emissions of cattle could help slow down climate change substantially, says Ali Bayat.
Cows are very valuable creatures. But we need to solve the methane problem.
Photo: Eetu Ahanen
ear after year, Earth has hit new record high levels of heattrapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. To avoid the most destructive effects of a warming climate, emissions of greenhouse gases need to be cut rapidly and in all sectors of our societies. Even cows play a role in this effort. Ruminants like cows have an impact on climate because they burp a lot of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. As there are over a billion cattle in the world, cutting their emissions could help slow down climate change substantially. Scientists at the Finnish Natural Resources Institute (Luke) are interested in what controls methane production in cattle.
"Cows are very valuable creatures. They provide high-quality food and necessary work power especially in poorer countries," says Senior Scientist Alireza Bayat from Luke. "But we need to solve the methane problem."
Nutritional interventions have potential Cows burp out around 95% of all the methane they emit. The rest come out from the other end of the animal. The reason behind these emissions are microbes. They live in specialized compartments in ruminants' stomachs and allow their host to digest feed very efficiently. The climatic downside of this collaboration is that the microbes do their
Special chambers make the research possible The research is conducted at a special facility in Jokioinen, Finland, where Luke has four metabolic chambers. They allow studying dairy cows' energy metabolism and methane emissions with a 'gold standard' technique. "The chambers have been used to generate invaluable data for scientific purposes," Bayat says. "By using them we can measure the cows' energy expenditure and methane production under different experimental conditions." The metabolic chambers have been utilized for example to examine the effect of antibiotics on methane emissions, and test different dietary strategies on cows that emit low or high amounts of methane. "Thanks to their transparent view and friendly conditions, the chambers do not affect feed intake and milk yield of the cows," Bayat explains. "To my knowledge Denmark is the only other Nordic country with a similar facility." Luke also does international collaboration on the topic. Luke's research and empirical evidence from the chambers have contributed to improving scientific models that predict methane emissions from cattle in different regions and under different nutritional conditions.
Alireza Bayat Senior Scientist firstname.lastname@example.com
e tä iS
Could breeding be used to cut emissions?
:T om
work in anaerobic conditions and produce methane as a byproduct. Alireza Bayat and his colleagues study the effect of nutrition on these emissions. "So far, nutritional interventions have been the most promising way to reduce emissions from ruminants. At Luke, we have tested strategies such as adding different fats and oils to the cows' diets, and proven that they reduce methane emissions." Research is also ongoing on other kinds of feed additives that inhibit enzymes involved in methane production. Certain compounds have been found to reduce methane emissions from cattle by up to 60%, without adversely affecting the health and performance of the animals. Bayat and his fellow researchers at Luke have also found that along with diet and microbes, individual properties of cows affect methane emissions. "Our results do not let us make clear conclusions on a single most important factor in reducing the emissions," Bayat describes. "It's a complex system that you can study from different angles. But we are a team – we complement each other."
Photo: Olga Pihlman
If methane production of cows has a genetic and heritable basis, breeding individuals that emit less methane than others could be used to mitigate emissions from cattle. However, this requires that lowering methane production does not negatively affect other important traits of the animal, such as milk production and health. "Improving livestock genetically is cost-effective. If it works, it offers a potentially long-term and sustainable strategy to lower methane emissions from dairy cows," explains Luke's Senior Scientist Enyew Negussie. Knowledge of the actual genetics behind methane production in cattle is only starting to build. "Luke is one of the pioneers in this area of research. Since 2013, we have been collecting data and built a unique database of individual cows' methane emissions and related traits. Realistic estimates of genetic parameters will soon be available," Negussie says. Negussie says breeding for efficient feed utilization is one of the most promising strategies to reduce emissions. He and his colleagues at Luke have worked on the topic in a joint Nordic project called FUNC (Feed Utilization in Nordic Cattle). "Methane emissions are mostly determined by how much and what the animal eats. By breeding for feed efficiency, we can promote cows that eat less but produce as much or more milk than their peers. This reduces both methane emissions and farmers' feed costs." Negussie emphasizes the importance of co-operation across scientific and national boundaries. "The problem with methane emissions is multi-faceted, so collaborative work across different disciplines is needed to bring about a sustainable and long-term solution to it." LEIA * 2018 19
Innovative Food System
Photo: Shutterstock
Desire to experiment led to
a groundbreaking product text: HELMI MUHONEN
The product target group, dogs, was a new challenge for the Luke team that worked with Vetcare.
from food to pet health
veryday life at the FoodPilot test hall of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) in Jokioinen, Finland includes food product development. When Vetcare and Shea Beasley approached Luke with a new challenge, Luke learned how to use the FoodPilot hall in a more innovative way. The target group of the product being developed were not humans, but Border Collie Denny and other dogs with sensitive stomachs. Luke and Vetcare end up developing a groundbreaking product, the first functional food meant for dogs. The sour-milk product is already on the market under the name of Canius®.
products? The answer gave
It started with cheese
rise to a unique product –
Shea Beasley, Vetcare's Product Development Manager, is a microbiologist. The industry's circles are small, and Beasley was already familiar with MTT Agrifood Research Finland, one of the organisations that preceded Luke. "MTT used to produce cheese which was incredibly good. We familiarised ourselves with dairy research through cheeses. When we were thinking about where we could find a small high-quality dairy that is able to make test products,
A research team that had previously focused mainly on food products had to make a decision: should they jump onto foreign soil,
and a completely new way of utilising Luke's FoodPilot test hall. 20
Photo: Eetu Ahanen
we thought about the excellent cheeses," Beasley says. Luke was the missing piece. "We at Vetcare had the required bacterial strains and the idea, but we lacked technical expertise. Luke has expertise in both dairy and technology," Beasley continues. Beasley herself owns a dog with a sensitive stomach. At that time, dogs were given lots of sour milk to make their digestive system work better. However, it was the same sour milk that people drink. "Evolution dictates what kind of microbes animals have in their systems. Naturally, there are differences between species," Beasley explains. Beasley's idea was that beneficial microbes should be animal-specific, meaning that strains meant for dogs should be isolated from dogs. The sour milk for dogs that was created first and then the powderform Canius® responded to this need.
One of the key challenges was changing the liquid product into powder and prolonging its shelf life, says Tuomo Tupasela.
dition, Luke developed bacteria identification methods. Stage: FoodPilot The market for products and test hall services for pets is growing. The FoodPilot test hall in Canius® has been on the Jokioinen was effecmarket since 2017, and it tively and innovatively is also sold outside FinRecently, utilised. The premises land. The product has also a fish have been approved been approved by the challenge has been by the food authorEuropean Food Safety brought into the ity, which lends credAuthority (EFSA). ibility to the product. Luke's expertise on test hall. Furthermore, the test what the approval of a hall has versatile process product requires assisted equipment and competent in the acquisition of the employees. license and the internationaliThe hall could be used for heat sation. Furthermore, an internatreatment, fermentation, drying, packagtionally established research organisation ing and shelf life tests. Testing in pilot made the product more credible. scale reduced the risks connected with the Beasley praises Luke's service-centred transfer to actual production. attitude. She mentions flexibility and good "One of the key challenges was changcommunication. ing liquid into powder and prolonging its "Whenever it seemed that something shelf life to make the product commerwas not going as planned, somebody from cially viable," Tuomo Tupasela, Senior Luke contacted us. They also notified us Scientist at Luke, explains the developimmediately once the challenge had been ment stages of the product. overcome." It was a product development project Successful test aiming at an EU license for the product. Effectiveness research was also perA desire to experiment and develop is the formed. Luke was responsible for shelf life key, particularly in product development. tests of a variety of semi-finished products. However, the risk of failure is always preSome of these tests are still ongoing. In adsent in an experiment. Taking the risk was
worthwhile. Feedback on the product from both veterinarians and dog owners has been very positive. In addition to creating a functional product, the participants learned something important. "We have all the opportunities we need to further develop our expertise to reach more target groups. Cats are one of the potential target groups. This made us believe that we can go ahead with new raw materials and target groups with the expertise we already have," Tupasela says. Traditionally, the FoodPilot team's raw materials have been milk- and egg-based, a tradition that stems from the times of MTT. Recently, also a fish challenge has been brought into the test hall. A new challenge requires the same kind of courage as the health product for dogs. "We have studied the side streams of fish and how they could be better utilised. Therefore, it wasn't difficult for us to start working with fish," Tupasela says. You will hear more about the fruits of the cooperation between Vetcare and Luke in the near future. "We showcased our expertise and the customer was inspired and proposed another test together." Tuomo Tupasela Senior Scientist firstname.lastname@example.com LEIA * 2018 21
Scientists adding twist of bio-economy to arctic policies text: MARJATTA SIHVONEN
Climate change has turned the EU to look closely at the Arctic areas. According to Luke scientists, the decision makers should dig deeper in the possibilities of sustainable Arctic bio-economy.
Photo: Petri Jauhiainen, Rodeo
ne-third of Finland's area lies north of the Polar Circle, the geographical definition of the Arctic. The county of Lapland covers more than 100 000 square kilometres of sparsely populated land.
Sustainability in the Arctic When Research Professor Sirpa Kurppa from Luke talks about the Arctic bioeconomy, she talks about livelihoods and future in Lapland, but adds a wider perspective. Kurppa describes her view
as a set of know-how and possibilities, in local and global scale. "We should make use of the Arctic know-how in the whole Finland. Icebreakers and other systems functioning in cold conditions can be developed and manufactured in the whole country", Kurppa points out. To promote research-based knowledge about the Arctic, Kurppa and her research group published a policy brief for decision makers. Kurppa has an established career in agroecology and the focus of the Arctic
bio-economy brief is in the sustainable use of the northern nature. The time for the research-based brief is suitable, as Finland is holding the chair of the Arctic Council until 2019. "Finland took the chair in 2017 and since then, the focus has been on the technological issues concerning the Arctic seaway and oil and gas resources. That is why we should bring up the special natural circumstances and how to use them in a sustainable way in the future bio-economy", Kurppa says.
Tourism belongs to bio-economy Recently, Lapland and other Arctic areas have experienced a vast growth of tourism. According to the researchers, the future of tourism is now closely watched in all the countries of the Arctic region. "Tourists are attracted here by the wellfunctioning society, the services, nature and a secure environment, even the darkness. These we should cherish", Kurppa says. Therefore, tourism is included in the bio-economy, as it is also based on the extreme natural conditions. Researchers have clarified how vulnerable nature can be used at different times of the year. The aim is to promote sustainable tourism and to maintain traditional land use. "Tourism grows fast and Finns should now consider how to manage it in our own hands. There is a great danger that tourism will move into the hands of the global players. With mass tourism, the northern
Photo: Kirsti Hassinen
uniqueness can be ruined in an instant", Kurppa warns.
Arctic food goes global? As tourists are attracted by the Arctic Lapland, Lapland should seek its own way to the global market, scientists say. One of the aims of the policy brief is to export more Finnish products. "Finland is the northernmost country where farming is practised in a large scale. Many companies already use Arctic in their brands and marketing. Our strengths are cleanliness, food safety and production where only small amounts of antibiotics are used. However, these same arguments are used by other countries", says Researcher Jaana Kotro of Luke. To access the global market with the Arctic brand, Luke scientists suggest cooperation of the whole Barents region, goahead innovations and, most importantly, knowledge about customers' needs. For this path, Luke scientists offer their practical help for decision makers as well as entrepreneurs in their out-reaching bio-economy projects. Kotro's project "Arctic Food in Finland" is well on the way and offers free, research based material that companies can use in their marketing efforts. Sirpa Kurppa Research Professor firstname.lastname@example.com
Reindeer entrepreneur Riikka Kenttälä:
Future is for those who adapt Riikka Kenttälä, 27, is taking over her family business in Levi, Lapland. I love to work with people and reindeer, says the young entrepreneur, who combines traditional reindeer husbandry with tourism. Riikka Kenttälä's winters pass with tourists. Together with her brother and parents, she takes both Finnish and international customers to trips with reindeer sledges. "We also tell our guests about reindeer herding. In the future, I would like to take them reindeer round-ups, so they see what real life and work is like here", Kenttälä says. Tourists come to Kenttälä's home farm, Sammuntupa, from all over the world. Regular visitors come from Central and Eastern Europe and Russia, growing numbers from Canada and USA, even from Australia and Singapore. Kenttälä says she has not made any big marketing efforts, as the pressure of growing tourism is so strong. "We have our facebook site and internet pages and a network of travel agencies in Finland, Switzerland and France. Many visitors love our old farm milieu and us just being ourselves. That is what our marketing mainly is." Sustainability questions are familiar to Kenttälä, especially in terms of space. In Levi area, the number of cottages and other free time facilities grows fast. "All people do not like reindeer roaming free. I kind of understand that. We try to arrange our work so that the environment is not used excessively. But there is also Kittilä mine here, cottage owners, skiers, hikers. We all need space." In the future, Kenttälä is planning to sell her own reindeer meat at the farm. "I have never thought about selling meat to Asia, because the demand is local. The problem is, there is no governmental financing instrument that would allow me to build premises for cutting meat." The biggest obstacle to Arctic entrepreneurs is how to get educated, skilful staff. "We have had to take workers without any training in travel business and train them ourselves." It is autumn in Lapland and Kenttälä prepares for the busiest season of the year, Christmas. She hopes scientists and decision makers could help to solve the problem of summer season, as there would also be lots to see but less demand. However, the future looks good now. "The demand for travel services has been so strong that it forces our business to grow and develop", Kenttälä says.
Photo: Antti Jokinen, Rodeo
Best food in the world – and only Finns know about it text: MARJATTA SIHVONEN
Finnish food is pure, low in contaminants, nutritious and safe to eat. These are statistical facts, scientists say. The controversy is, Finns do not know how to sell their delicacy. Yet.
enior Scientist Csaba Jansik from Luke knows the Finnish food sector in and out. He is one of the leading experts in competitiveness of the European food chains. Recently, he has concentrated on international benchmarking of the EU food industry and especially the Baltic Sea area. Jansik has dug deep into food production in the Baltic countries, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and compared their strengths with Finland. According to Jansik, the Finnish food sector has a lot to offer. "We cannot compete in volumes with our benchmark countries like Germany or Denmark in pork or wheat with France. Our opportunities are in added value products. We should find their consumer segments in the global market." The problem is the Finnish tendency to curl up and not reach for the possibilities outside the domestic market. Jansik recalls a conversation with a foodstuff entrepreneur, who once took part in his study. 26
"He said Finnish food industry knows the Finnish consumer better than perfect. That is true. But the problem is, we should attract Estonian or German consumers and we start wondering: Are they so different?"
To Russia and back Finnish food export does have a long history: Russia was a close and familiar market, the quality of Finnish food was well known. Strong efforts at marketing or distribution were not needed. Unfortunately, one could say. In 2014, the Crimea conflict and the resulted EU trade penalties left the food chain high and dry. Finnish dairy industry was hit especially hard. "Our food sector had not invested in export. The domestic market is very saturated and very competitive. To grow there, you need to grab a piece of somebody else's share. " In 2017, Jansik and his colleagues published the report Critical Success Factors of the Finnish Food Chain. The report was written for Prime Minister's Office, but it was not left to collect dust on governmental shelves. Jansik is pleased to see that the tide is starting to turn and, moreover,
it is turning to the direction the scientists recommended in the report. "Our previous reports did get some attention, but the business tended to go back to usual. We are happy that this time the actions are really being taken."
Facts speak for themselves The first main conclusion of the critical success factors report is that the Finnish food chain must improve its understanding about the market in the export destination countries. A simple advice and often repeated too, but there was a clear reason why it was taken now. "It was a fruitful time to look at exports from a new perspective when Russia was closed. It is not that the Finnish companies are not interested in global export, they are, but no matter how big the company, it has to learn to know the market. Know-how does not come out of nowhere", Jansik says. The other main conclusions Jansik underlines are the strong need to raise the awareness of the quality of the Finnish food and improve the cooperation between the actors of the food chain.
Photo: Ossi Lehtonen, Rodeo
To offer a helping hand from scientists, Jansik has coordinated a web project to help the companies. Food facts portal offers a huge amount of information and statistics about food production in Finland. "Finnish production is very sustainable environmentally and ethically. We have facts to back this up. The aim of the web site is that the companies could use these facts and figures in their own narratives and marketing", Jansik explains. Food facts site has thirty themes and statistics from international open sources such as FAO, Eurostat, and EFSA. The information has been produced by more than fifty experts from twenty organisations. The site has been published in three languages and soon, the German version will be launched.
Experts needed! More and more concrete efforts are taken in the field. One important factor to improve is to get more professional personnel in the companies. "We realised Finnish companies might have thirty people in domestic marketing,
but only one or two in export. We simply do not have enough experts who know food industry and export. However, the first intensive degree program is about to start. This is a big leap forward." Jansik points out of his window to Helsinki science campus, where the main building of Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira stands. "They have also done an amazing job. Evira has an efficient export team, which offers training for small companies in legal issues. That is where they easily stumble, even when they have a buyer abroad." Evira is also working with WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreements, which are the first requirement to export products into any new market. "Denmark is years ahead of us in this, but we are getting there. We have managed to get the agreement to several new countries", Jansik says.
scenery. However, is Arctic food something that consumers in the global market are interested in? "We do not know yet. That is what we are going to find out in our new projects", Jansik says. The stakes are high and so are the aims. Business Finland, a national export promoting organisation, has prioritised Germany, Arab countries, South-Africa, Japan, China and India as the main target countries of the future. Jansik and his group are backing up the efforts with the new projects. "We could sell almost any products, but at the moment, poultry has the biggest chances in the global meat market and oats in the corn market. I am now starting a project, where we develop added value for them on each step of the food chain", Csaba Jansik says.
Arctic food – the brand of the future? Luke scientists are also strongly involved in developing the Arctic food brand. It sounds good, connected with the images of pure nature, fresh air and cold, Nordic
Csaba Jansik Senior Scientist email@example.com LEIA * 2018 27
People's corner
A scientist and a navigator text: MARJATTA SIHVONEN
photo: HANNU FRITZE'S ARCHIVE
Research Professor Hannu Fritze often sits in his wooden sailing boat and works. For one of the leading experts of mire microbes, the beautiful archipelago, the lake and sea landscapes give peace and space to focus. When the mind rests, the best research ideas and applications come up.
annu Fritze's pioneering career begun with a small failure. The German born scientist moved to Helsinki as a schoolboy with his parents. He wanted to study medicine, but as an immigrant, was denied a permission to apply. The University of Helsinki accepted him to study biology, where he proceeded to research. "Microbiology and genetics were rising fields at the time. I tried to find something between botany and microbiology and ended up specialising in microfungi." Fritze's career paints an interesting picture of the global research questions of Northern ecosystems. Through the studies of environmental fallout and its effect on soil microbes, Fritze proceeded to forest nutrient cycles, acidification and heavy metal concentration in forest soils. Funding from Academy of Finland and other major foundations have made Fritze's group grow steadily. He continuously emphasises that science is not a solo performance. "This kind of work can't be done alone. Science grows from groups and collaboration." 28
The studies of methane cycles led Fritze and his group to mires. He focuses on Archaea, methane producing singlecell organisms, which, still for a while ago, were considered archaic forms of life. "With the fast progress of microbiology, we now know that there are Archaea everywhere and that they are more developed than bacteria, for example."
"Currently, I'm investigating how the warming climate and reindeers affect the methane cycles of the mires in Lapland", Fritze says. Even if the challenges were massive, the solutions could rely on the smallest of the small. "Bioinformatics, genomics and microbial ecology are the future of science", Fritze predicts.
Bioinformatics, genomics and microbial ecology are the future of science.
Microbes provide a huge repertoire of ecosystem services, such as the chemical cycles of methane. We might well see microbe based solutions to mitigate climate change. But first, more knowledge on the invisible world needs to be gathered.
Hannu Fritze Research Professor firstname.lastname@example.com
Englishman in new work text: MIKKO SALMI
photo: ERKKI OKSANEN
Dr. John Kettle started as Luke's new Director for Customer Solutions and International Relations in 1 January 2019. Sustainable development close to his heart, Kettle wants to promote what is truly excellent at Luke.
How do you see Luke's position and potential in international markets? To put it shortly, the potential is great. In this time of climate change, rapid population growth and biodiversity loss, there is a growing demand for the type of solutions that we offer. National and global challenges increase the need to look for the sustainable use of renewable natural resources to produce food, energy, products and services. The circular bioeconomy is a huge opportunity, and for this purpose, we need research-based information to help businesses thrive sustainably. Finland has made the bioeconomy a national priority, and the "Bioeconomy Strategy" was launched some years ago. The strategy sets the course for a low-fossil carbon and sustainable economy that will improve the lives of citizens by generating new business opportunities and takes advantage of the renewable natural resources. Luke plays a central role in developing this further based on our long traditions. We also have a strong link in our research programmes to the UN Sustainable Development Goals which are also on our customers' agenda and the agenda of the European Union (Horizon Europe program).
One of our key strengths is being a well networked interdisciplinary research institute and thus the opportunity to combine expertise in different fields to create added value solutions with high impact. Now our task is to make our offering visible and attractive for potential customers and partners within as well as outside Finland.
What kind of solutions or expertise in particular do you think would benefit our customers? Forest management is definitely one of them, and there our plantation simulators are of great help, too. Rearing and breeding dairy cattle is another key strength, as is cold-water fish farming. However as an interdisciplinary organization our offering is wide, of course, and we must use the diversity of our staff to customers' benefit as well as collaborate with other significant players where it gives mutual benefit.
Tell a little bit about your background. What have you done before joining Luke? I have been living and working in Finland for 12 years now. In Finland I have worked in various positions in sales and business development for example at VTT Technical
Research Centre of Finland and KCL. I came to Finland from Sweden, where I spent nine years working for SCA, and last millenium I worked in industrial research in the UK and have a PhD from the University of Plymouth.
What are you mostly looking forward to in your new position? The challenge: It will be a positive challenge to lead Luke's sales and international development and promote Luke's offering and solutions for global sustainability challenges. I wish to use my experience and work closely with other Luke staff to develop our customer work. As well as promoting what is truly excellent at Luke – and that's a lot of tasks!
Finally, would you like to share something about your personal life? I'm married to a Finn and a father of four kids. In my spare time, I like to read or go to the gym. As many have guessed I am from UK and have a working knowledge of Swedish but improving my Finnish language skills would be a good goal too. John Kettle Director, Customer Solutions and International Relations firstname.lastname@example.com LEIA * 2018 29
In short
Need to make complex decisions? – ask YODA YODA (Your Own Decision Aid) has been developed for participatory decision processes with multiple criteria. It combines the perspectives of participating actors and their preferences with respect to selected, case-specific decision criteria. There are two different versions of YODA, tailored for different decisionmaking situations: YODA project tool supports identification of one alternative that best meets the objectives of the participating actors, and YODA portfolio tool helps identify the best project portfolio. "YODA helps in finding the best compromise solution in complex choice situations, when the views and criteria of the different actors are in conflict. It is a generic tool and has a broad application potential in land use planning, for example", said principal scientist Mikko Kurttila from Luke.
Doctoral Dissertation:
Nutrition in the food life-cycle assessments In her doctoral dissertation, Luke's researcher Merja Saarinen develops and analyses ways to link nutritional aspects into life-cycle assessments (LCA) of food products. By carrying out this kind of assessment, sustainable food products can be defined. The focus is at analysing the applicability of various functional units (FU) at a product and portion level. FU describe a function of the product against which impacts should be related to. The nutritional FUs developed and analysed are the standardised meal, mass-based FUs for individual nutrients, and the nutrient indexes. The nutrient index approach combines nutrient index based on recommended nutrients with the separate index based on restricted nutrients. In the common scientific and popular discourse, the message has been clear when reasoning for sustainable food consumption: one should avoid animal-based foods, particularly beef because beef has by far the greatest environmental impact. "According to the results of this dissertation, however, particularly beef, in addition to for example hemp seeds, would benefit from the inclusion of nutrition criteria in food LCA on a product scale", Saarinen says. "In summary, nutrition should be taken into account in versatile ways in the food LCA."
Key indicators for monitoring the progress of bioeconomy in the EU identified The project MontBioeco identified and compared the different approaches within the EU member states to monitor the progress in a country's bioeconomy. In close cooperation with national organisations in the member states, the project identified the existing national bioeconomy strategy, policy, the industries and activities that are included in the bioeconomy sector, the already existing and desired bioeconomy key indicators, as well as their respective data availability.
Campaign provides information about nutrients for consumers What can consumers do to help resolve the eutrophication problem? The Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) is participating in the Do You Pay it Forward? campaign, launched in June 2018. Its aim is to offer tips on how to make nutrient-smart choices. Consumers mainly contribute to eutrophication through food and wastewater. The Do You Pay it Forward campaign offers advice on how to reduce the consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus and their adverse impact on watercourses by making smart food, recycling and water consumption choices and by minimising food waste. The main message of the campaign is: "You are part of the food chain – not its terminal point." The campaign will continue until the end of the year. So far, it has reached more than two million people, nearly 40% of all Finns. In addition to social media channels and newspaper articles, it has been visible at different events and at 1,200 bus stops around Finland. Luke's researchers have contributed to the campaign through their expertise in food waste, water-smart food choices and sorting.
#doyoupayitforward 30
Photo: FAO
Luke successful in employer rankings Luke gained top positions in Universum's research on Most Attractive Employers 2018 in Finland. The research revealed Luke as the most appealing employer among young professionals in Finland in natural sciences. Among natural science students, Luke came in the runner-up position. Luke's Vice President, HR Tiina Mellas tells, that Luke seeks to invest in working careers in all parts of the career path. "In a knowledge based organization the most important resource are always the people. Luke gives opportunities to grow, whether you are still a student or an already established international specialist in your research field." Want to join our team? Follow our Vacancies page!
Luke and FAO increase cooperation in forestry, climate change and food security Luke and FAO have agreed to increase cooperation in the key areas of sustainable forestry, the Sustainable Development Goals, climate change and food security. A memorandum of understanding signed in July sets out a plan of work that builds on an existing collaboration, significantly expanding its scope in terms of geography and vision. Joint initiatives will take place at country, regional and global levels, with special focus on Ethiopia and Myanmar in the case of efforts to step up sustainable forest management and robust forest monitoring. FAO and Luke are already working together in both countries to bolster technical capacities in developing assessments on forests, with the goal of creating sound national forest policies and sustainable development and helping them to meet national and international requirements. "Luke, with almost 100 years of forest inventory and monitoring experience, is an excellent partner for delivering the necessary support to the developing countries", said Hiroto Mitsugi, Assistant Director-General, FAO Forestry Department.
Photo: Erkki Oksanen
DIABOLO tackles Europe's challenges with improved forest information The DIABOLO project brings upgraded forest information for bioeconomy policies. Its' results and innovations will benefit all EU member countries regionally, nationally and at the European level. DIABOLO has successfully integrated various remote sensing techniques and data from National Forest Inventories for multipurpose forestry. Indeed, DIABOLO's contribution to climate policies as well as other environmental policies is both timely and essential. Coordinated by Luke, the DIABOLO project has brought together 33 partners from scientific institutions in 25 European countries. DIABOLO – Distributed, Integrated and Harmonised Forest Information for Bioeconomy Outlooks – has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme for 2015–2019. DIABOLO will have its final conference in the beautiful national landscape of Koli, Finland, 12–14 February 2019.
Follow us luke.fi/en
luke.fi/en/feed linkedin.com/company/lukefinland
photo: Tero Suhonen / Vastavalo.fi
Leia is Natural Resources Institute Finland's stakeholder magazine.
Published on Jan 23, 2019
Leia is Natural Resources Institute Finland's stakeholder magazine.


text:
Molly Campbell will be leading our one hour yoga flow for all levels! She is an insured, certified instructor. Nearly every move or pose will be accompanied by various modifications (gentle to advanced) to allow for people to ease back or press harder as they wish. This class will be a practical, user-friendly style, regardless of your body type, fitness level, or experience.
Grab your ticket $12 today

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Etsy is gay naked girls in the shower the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and one-of-a-kind products and gifts related sex with gear shift to your search. Tai girls losing there virginity
In the bedroom, and on our minds. sex with gear shift. Galleryphotosex
How to have sex on a plane technically it's not really sex with gear shift the mile high club as a plane cruises at 37,000ft which is 7 miles.
Welcome to the eloy fire district web site. sex with gear shift pop rocks pussy simpons porn pics.


text:
If you already speak some English and now would like to speak more like a native, "Speak English Like an American" will help you. One of the keys to speaking like a native is the ability to use and understand casual expressions, or idioms. American English is full of idioms. Speak English Like an American will help you understand and use idioms better. It contains over 300 of today's most common idioms.
Speak English Around Town » LESSON 4 - Buying a Service Plan
Tom is shopping for a new cell phone plan. Its tricky because there are many options. Mike, a salesman at the cell phone store, helps him choose the right plan.
Tom: Hi, I'm in the market for a new cell phone plan.
Mike: Do you have a plan now?
Tom: Yes, with MobileOne. But it's about to expire.
Mike: You're not happy with them?
Tom: No, I'm not. Their service is terrible. My calls are always breaking up.
Mike: Cellular Star's service is first rate. You'll get great reception. What are you looking for in a plan?
Tom: I need 400 minutes a month for daytime calls. I'd like unlimited night and weekend calling.
Mike: What about call forwarding, voice mail, and text messaging?
Tom: I don't need any of those bells and whistles.
Mike: The Choice 450 is our no-frills plan. That'll run you $39.99 a month, plus tax.
Tom: That doesn't include long-distance calls. does it?
Mike: Yes. it does.
Tom: So it's $39.99 a month, plus tax.
Mike: Yes, and there's a one-time fee of $35. That's for setting up the account.
Tom: Any hidden fees?
Mike: No. Of course, you'll want to read the fine print of your contract.
Tom: Right. I don't want to get stuck with a plan that only lets me make long-distance calls between midnight and 3 a.m.
Mike: Did I mention that if you sign up for this plan by Friday, we'll throw in a free phone?
Tom: I could use a new phone.
Mike: It's a great offer, with no strings attached. All set to sign up?
Tom: Before I sign on the dotted line, I'd better make sure I know what I'm getting into.
all set to→ ready to (do something)Example: The salesman at the Gap asked, "All set to check out?"
bells and whistles→ product features which are attractive, but not essential for the product to functionExample: I just want a reliable car. I'm not looking for a lot of bells and whistles.
(to) break up→ to lose a phone signal; to start losing a phone connectionExample: I can barely hear you. We're breaking up.
could use→ need; have use forExample: Your ties are all stained. You could use some new ones.
(the) fine print→ the part of a contract with special rules and limitations. These are often "hidden" in small print, which is why you'll often hear: "Be sure to read the fine print."Example: Julie didn't read the fine print of the fitness club contract carefully, and now she's stuck with a lifetime membership.
first rate→ of the highest qualityExample: If you're looking for a restaurant, I recommend the Mediterranean Grill. The food there is first rate.NOTE: You will also hear the term "second rate" to describe something that is of inferior quality or not very good.
(to) get into→ to get involved with (often used in a negative sense, as when one has gotten involved with something that is now unpleasant or not wanted)Example: My evening MBA program is more demanding than I thought it would be. What have I gotten into?
(to) get stuck with→ to have something unwanted or undesireable that one cannot get rid ofExample: I'm in charge of cleaning the bathroom once a week at our dormitory. I don't know how I got stuck with this task!
hidden fees→ extra charges that are not made clear from the beginningExample: When you sign up for a new credit card, make sure there are no hidden fees.
in the market for→ shopping for; interested in buyingExample: We're in the market for a flat-screen television.
no-frills→ a simple and basic service or productExample: If you want to fly cheaply, try a no-frills airline like Ryanair.NOTE: "frills" are extra features or benefits
no strings attached→ with no limits or special demands attached (to an offer)Example: Kim got a full scholarship to Stanford, no strings attached.
one-time fee→ a charge that you only pay one timeExample: To join FitOne Gym, I had to pay a one-time fee of $199, then a monthly membership fee of $49.
(to) run you→ to cost youExample: It's going to run you $600 for a one-year membership to Club Five Fitness.
(to) set up→ to establish; to arrange; to put something new in placeExample: I set up direct deposit so that my paychecks are automatically deposited into my bank account.
(to) sign on the dotted line→ to agree to or sign up for something ( often by signing a contract or agreement)Example: I'm interested in joining the gym but before I sign on the dotted line, can you please explain the cancellation policy?
(to) throw in→ to include for no additional feeExample: If you sign up for a one-year gym membership today, we'll throw in a free set of towels.
Fill in the blank with the missing word:
- A new Honda Civic will run _____ $16,000 with tax.
- a) you
- b) at
- c) on
- Did you read the _____ print before signing the contract?
- a) small
- b) little
- c)fine
- Can you recommend a simple DVD player - one without all the _____ and whistles?
- a) buttons
- b) bells
- c) rings
- When I ordered tea from the Aroma Tea Shop, the company threw _____ a free sample of some oolong tea.
- a) up
- b) in
- c) on
- Charlie was _____ set to order a cappuccino at Starbucks before he realized he forgot his wallet at home.
- a) ready
- b) every
- c) all
- A real estate company in Florida is making a special offer: buy a house and get a new car, no _____ attached.
- a) roof
- b) strings
- c) threads
- Be sure to read the contract carefully before signing on the _____ line.
- a) solid
- b) thick
- c) dotted
- If you're looking for a hotel in Manhattan, I recommend the Pierre. It's _____ rate.
- a) first
- b) second
- c) fine
- Club Five Fitness is no-_____ . They don't even provide towels.
- a) thrills
- b) frills
- c) fills
- We thought our car rental would cost $100 a week, but it ended up costing $200. There were lots of _____ fees.
- a) hiding
- b) hidden
- c) secret
- a
- c
- b
- b
- c
- b
- c
- a
- b
- b
Negative questions can be used to:
=> Confirm that something is true or has happened. You are assuming something is true and you are just checking.
Example: You didn't tell Ted we think he's a lousy boss, did you? (Expected answer: No, I didn't).
=> Express surprise that something hasn't happened
Example: Haven't you mailed that letter yet? (Note that this can often express annoyance. The person asking the question is annoyed that the other person did not do something).
=> Offer a polite invitation
Examples: Won't you come in? Wouldn't you like some coffee?
Study these examples for ways to answer negative questions:
Didn't you see the car coming?
- Yes, I did. (Do not just say "yes" in response to this type of question. Give a complete answer: "Yes, I did.").
- No, I didn't. (You may also say just "no" without "I didn't.")
Aren't you hungry?
- Yes, I am. I Yes, I'm starving!
- No, I'm not. I No, I just had breakfast.
Won't you sit down?
- Yes, thank you.
- No, I've only got a minute.
You're not tired after your trip?
- Yes, I am tired. (Do not just say "yes.")
- No, I'm not tired. (Note here that you're saying "No ... " even though you are agreeing with the person who asked the question. You're confirming that you're not tired.)
Part A: Practice answering negative questions:
Example: Didn't you get my e-mail? (You didn't)
Answer: No, I didn't.
Don't you like spinach? (You do)
Don't you want to rest before dinner? (You don't)
Didn't she understand the joke? (She didn't)
Aren't they on vacation in Italy? (They are)
Isn't he graduating this year? (He isn't)
Part B: Turn these statements into negative questions:
Example: I think we're going in the wrong direction.
Answer: Aren't we going in the wrong direction?
You're moving to San Francisco.
They're going to New York today.
You' re thirsty.
You want another piece of pizza.
She broke her arm.
- Yes, I do.
- No, I don't.
- No, she didn't.
- Yes, they are.
- No, he isn't.
- Aren't you moving to San Francisco?
- Aren't they going to New York today?
- Aren't you thirsty?
- Don't you want another piece of pizza?
- Didn't she break her arm?
Speak Business English Like An American covers over 350 idioms and expressions you're likely to encounter in today's business world. Familiarize yourself with all of them.
English the American Way: A Fun ESL Guide to Language and Culture in the U.S. is your very own ... well, guide, to... yes, American language and culture . You'll find tons (a lot!) of vocabulary, all of it used in real-life ways.
The purpose of the Illustrated Everyday Expressions with Stories series is to introduce English language learners to common idioms through humorous examples and illustrations. The lessons in this book will both entertain and enlighten students while providing exposure to how each idiom can be used in a variety of contexts.
The purpose of the Illustrated Everyday Expressions with Stories series is to introduce English language learners to common idioms through humorous examples and illustrations. The lessons in this book will both entertain and enlighten students while providing exposure to how each idiom can be used in a variety of contexts.
Do you want your English to sound natural and fluent? Idiomatic expressions are essential to natural sounding English, but they can be challenging to remember, and even harder to use in conversation. This simple and straightforward program can help you master hundreds of useful and common idiomatic expressions. Best of all, you don't need a book, so you can listen anywhere and anytime it's convenient. It's a piece of cake!
- LESSON 1 - Going Shopping
- LESSON 2 - Returning an Item to the Store
- LESSON 3 - Negotiating a Purchase
- LESSON 4 - Buying a Service Plan
- LESSON 5 - Ordering at a Restaurant
- LESSON 6 - Complaining at a Restaurant
- LESSON 7 - Picking up the Tab at a Restaurant
- LESSON 8 - Ordering Lunch to Go
- LESSON 9 - Making a Doctor's Appointment
- LESSON 10 - Visiting the Doctor
- LESSON 11 - Visiting the Pharmacy
- LESSON 12 - Visiting the Dentist
- LESSON 13 - At a Dinner Party
- LESSON 14 - Making Introductions
- LESSON 15 - Complimenting a Meal
- LESSON 16 - Handling a Delay at the Airport
- LESSON 17 - Dealing with Lost Luggage
- LESSON 18 - Renting a Car
- LESSON 19 - Checking Into a Hotel
- LESSON 20 - Traveling by Car
- LESSON 21 - Taking a Taxi
- LESSON 22 - Making Excuses
- LESSON 23 - Running Late
- LESSON 24 - Down on One's Luck
- LESSON 25 - Reacting to Bad News
- Index of Idioms


text:
Busy Weekend For Man In Red Suit
By MidWeek Staff
E-mail this story | Print this page | Comments (0) | Archive | RSS | Share Del.icio.us
Parades in both Mililani and Wahiawa will fill the streets of each community with marchers, floats, performers and a special appearance by Santa Claus.
The Wahiawa parade will start at 6:30 p.m. Friday, beginning at Ka'ala Elementary School on California Avenue and ending at the Wahiawa shopping centers, where Santa will make a stop to pass out candy to good boys and girls. Also planned after the parade: giveaways, Xtreme Fun Rides at 4 p.m. and entertainment by Junior Kekuewa from 6 to 9 p.m.
"The Wahiawa Community and Business Association (parade sponsor) invites everyone in the Wahiawa area to come out, join the fun and get in the Christmas spirit,"said the WCBA president Libby Smithe. For more information, call 621-6531.
Mililani's parade will feature more than 500 marchers and will take place the next day - at 9 a.m. Saturday, starting from the Town Center and ending at Mililani Shopping Center. An opening show is at 8:30 a.m. at the town center, and Santa will arrive via an antique fire engine at 9:30 a.m. at the shopping center.
For details on the Mililani parade, call 722-4247.
E-mail this story | Print this page | Comments (0) | Archive | RSS
Most Recent Comment(s):


text:
Food Distribution Programs
Food Pantries, Hot Meals, and other Programs Served by Friendship Donations Network in Tompkins and nearby counties
Updated: September 2, 2019
FDN provides produce, breads, desserts, dairy, deli, and groceries (if available) to the programs listed below. Contact us if you know of a community program that needs food.
Printable PDF now available: FDN_Programs_Served_Sept19
Monday – Friday:
- Loaves and Fishes. Free daily meals. All are welcome. No income guidelines. St. John's Church, 210 N. Cayuga St., Ithaca; Monday, Wednesday, Friday at 12pm; Tuesday, Thursday at 5:30 pm.
- Ithaca Kitchen Cupboard. 150 N. Albany St., Ithaca; Mon.–Thurs. 1:30–3:00pm, Fri. 1–2:30pm.
- Caroline Food Pantry, 1st and 3rd Mondays. Brooktondale Community Center, 524 Valley Road, Brooktondale, 5:00-7:00pm.
- Enfield Food Distribution. Enfield Community Building, 182 Enfield Main Rd. 1:30–3:30pm. Enfield residents only.
- Lansing Food Pantry, 4th Mondays only. The Rink, 1767 East Shore Drive, Lansing, 1:00 – 3:00pm.
- GIVE- Giving Involves Virtually Everyone, 4th Mondays only. 5–5:30pm at LACS, 5:30–6pm at West Village Apts.
- Immaculate Conception Church Food Pantry, 113 N. Geneva St., Ithaca, 1:00– 2:00pm.
- Healthy Tuesdays at Groton Public Library, 112 E. Cortland St., Groton, 6:00pm.
- Bread of Life Food Pantry. 1 Water St., Candor, 3:00-5:30pm. Candor residents only.
- Halsey Valley Helping Hands Pantry. GAR Building, Hamilton Rd, Halsey Valley, 2–2:45 pm. No Halsey Valley Pantry on the 3rd Thursday.
- Danby Food Pantry, 3rd Thursday only. Danby Federated Church, 1859 Danby Rd., Danby, 3:00–6:00pm. Danby residents only.
- Spencer Van Etten Community Food Cupboard. All residents of the Spencer Van Etten school district welcome. Spencer Federated Church, 70 N. Main St., Spencer. January to October: 2ndThursday of the month 4–5:30 pm and last Thursday of the month 9:30–10:30 am.
- Interlaken Reformed Church Pantry. 8315 Main Street, Interlaken, 3:00–6:00pm.
- Food Not Bombs, serving free vegan food at Shawn Greenwood Park/DeWitt Park, 12:00pm.
- Free hot meal served at Salvation Army. 150 N. Albany St, Ithaca. Saturday 12pm; Sunday 3pm.
- Food for All, Lodi's Community Pantry, Lodi Presbyterian Church just south of the village of Lodi on Rte. 414, 3pm–6pm.
- 1st and 4th Saturday: Southside Community Center Pantry, 305 S. Plain St, Ithaca, 12-2pm.
- 2nd Saturday: Grace Lee Wesleyan Church Pantry. 2075 Chambers Rd., Beaver Dams, 1pm.
- 2nd Saturday: Free meal served at Southside Community Center Pantry, 305 S. Plain St, Ithaca, 1–2pm.
- 2nd and 4th Saturday Groton Food Providers, 101 McKinley Ave, Groton, 10-11:30 am. Groton residents only.
- 3rd Saturday: Linderman Creek Pantry. 201 Cypress Court, Ithaca Community Room, 12pm.
- 3rd Saturday: Calvary Baptist Church Pantry. 507 N. Albany St., Ithaca, 12-3pm
- 4th Saturday: McLean Community Church Pantry. 50 Church St, McLean, 1:30-2:15pm.
- Reach Out For Christ Church Pantry. 318 Johnson Road, Freeville, 1:00–2:00pm.
- Enfield Food Distribution. Enfield Community Building, 182 Enfield Main Rd. 12:00–1:00pm. Enfield residents only.
Sundays (Alternating Weeks):
- Overlook Apartments. (9/15, 9/29, 10/13) 1263 Trumansburg Rd, Ithaca, Community Room, 12:00–12:30pm.
Food is also shared with community programs, including:
Alliance of Families for Justice
A Place to Stay, Catholic Charities
Big Brothers Big Sisters
Child Development Council
Civic Ensemble
College Discovery Program
College Initiative Upstate
Community Justice Center / Alternatives to Incarnation
Cornell Bread N' Butter Pantry
Dryden O.U.R.S and Y.O.U.R.S
Finger Lakes ReUse
Garden Apartments
Global Roots Play School
Ithaca College Food Pantry
Ithaca Free Clinic Food Pharmacy
Ithaca High School PTA
Ithaca Youth Bureau Paul Schreurs Memorial Program
Lansing Summer Lunchbox
Multicultural Resource Center: Mentors for Change, Youth Fellows
New Roots Free Food Fridays
Open Doors
Our Children's Future
Rainbow Healing Center
REACH Medical
Renovation House
Rural Youth Services
Second Wind Cottages
Southside Community Center
St. John's Community Services
TC3 Panther Pantry
The Advocacy Center
The Jenkins Center, Mental Health Association
Tompkins Community Action: Supportive Housing Programs
Varna After School Program
Youth Farm Project
4-H Urban Outreach


text:
A version of this story was co-published with the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
As the Rev. Susan McCann stood outside a public library in Springfield, Mo., last year, she did her best to persuade passers-by to sign an initiative to ban high-cost payday loans. But it was difficult to keep her composure, she remembers. A man was shouting in her face.
He and several others had been paid to try to prevent people from signing. "Every time I tried to speak to somebody," she recalls, "they would scream, 'Liar! Liar! Liar! Don't listen to her!'"
Such confrontations, repeated across the state, exposed something that rarely comes into view so vividly: the high-cost lending industry's ferocious effort to stay legal and stay in business.
Outrage over payday loans, which trap millions of Americans in debt and are the best-known type of high-cost loans, has led to dozens of state laws aimed at stamping out abuses. But the industry has proved extremely resilient. In at least 39 states, lenders offering payday or other loans still charge annual rates of 100 percent or more. Sometimes, rates exceed 1,000 percent.
Last year, activists in Missouri launched a ballot initiative to cap the rate for loans at 36 percent. The story of the ensuing fight illuminates the industry's tactics, which included lobbying state legislators and contributing lavishly to their campaigns; a vigorous and, opponents charge, underhanded campaign to derail the ballot initiative; and a sophisticated and well-funded outreach effort designed to convince African-Americans to support high-cost lending.
Industry representatives say they are compelled to oppose initiatives like the one in Missouri. Such efforts, they say, would deny consumers what may be their best or even only option for a loan.
Quick Cash and Kwik Kash
Missouri is fertile soil for high-cost lenders. Together, payday, installment and auto-title lenders have more than 1,400 locations in the state — about one store for every 4,100 Missourians. The average two-week payday loan, which is secured by the borrower's next paycheck, carries an annual percentage rate of 455 percent in Missouri. That's more than 100 percentage points higher than the national average, according to a recent survey by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The annual percentage rate, or APR, accounts for both interest and fees.Fee Charged: $15
Loan Period: 14 days
To renew a loan, borrowers pay only the fees due, not any principal.
The average APR is 23.64 percent on credit cards for consumers with bad credit.
Note: The annual percentage rate accounts for both interest and fees. Sources: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Missouri State Department of Finance, CreditCards.com. Graphic by Sisi Wei.


text:
Constitution Pipeline Company, LLC announced today that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has issued an order approving construction of its proposed pipeline to increase natural gas supply to New York and New England markets, subject to certain conditions that will ensure the protection of natural resources. FERC on Dec. 2, 2014 issued its certificate of public convenience and necessity for the 124-mile Constitution Pipeline. Assuming timely receipt of all remaining necessary regulatory approvals, Constitution Pipeline would begin construction as early as the first-quarter next year in order to help meet growing natural gas demand in New York and New England by the winter of 2015 or 2016. "We're pleased that the FERC has approved construction on this key piece of natural gas infrastructure to the U.S. Northeast after a long and comprehensive review of this project," the project sponsors said in a joint statement. "Once in service, the Constitution Pipeline will provide critical access to new, domestic sources of natural gas, bolstering supply reliability and contributing toward stabilization of the prices consumers pay for energy." In New York and New England, insufficient natural gas pipeline infrastructure last winter had the effect of exposing consumers to high natural gas prices and, as a result, significantly higher electric-power costs. The Constitution Pipeline is designed to enhance New York's natural gas supply options via an interconnect with the existing Iroquois Pipeline. Additionally, the Constitution Pipeline will provide New England markets with abundant, low-cost, cleaner energy via an interconnect with the existing Tennessee Gas Pipeline. "Now that FERC has issued its order, we look forward to receiving the remaining approvals we need to begin construction on this pipeline so that we can deliver much-needed additional natural gas supply to New York and New England as quickly as possible," the project sponsors said. FERC on Oct. 24 published its final environmental review of the proposed 124-mile Constitution Pipeline. The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) assessed the potential environmental effects of the construction and operation of the project in accordance with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act. The EIS concluded that environmental impacts would be reduced to "less than significant levels" with the implementation of proposed mitigation measures by the company and FERC. The FERC served in a coordinating role with relevant federal and state agencies in developing its final EIS. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Federal Highway Administration, and the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets participated as cooperating agencies in the preparation of the EIS.
The Constitution Pipeline is designed to transport enough natural gas each day to serve approximately 3 million homes in the U.S. Northeast. The project involves the construction and operation of 124 miles of 30-inch-diameter pipeline from natural gas supply areas in northeast Pennsylvania and connecting with existing transmission pipelines in Schoharie County, N.Y. Earlier this year, Constitution Pipeline and Leatherstocking Gas Company, LLC announced plans to install four delivery taps along Constitution's proposed route to facilitate local natural gas service to homes and businesses in southern New York and northern Pennsylvania.Constitution Pipeline Company Constitution Pipeline Company, LLC is owned by subsidiaries of Williams Partners L.P. (NYSE:WPZ), Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation (NYSE:COG), Piedmont Natural Gas Company, Inc. (NYSE:PNY), and WGL Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:WGL). The 124-mile pipeline project is proposed to connect domestic natural gas production in northeastern Pennsylvania with northeastern markets by late 2015 or 2016. Additional information about the Constitution Pipeline can be found at www.constitutionpipeline.com. Portions of this document may constitute "forward-looking statements" as defined by federal law. Although the company believes any such statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there is no assurance that actual outcomes will not be materially different. Any such statements are made in reliance on the "safe harbor" protections provided under the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. Additional information about issues that could lead to material changes in performance is contained in the company's annual reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.


text:
All our products have a warranty of at least 2 years.
All prices include VAT
|Lightweight and high strength
|The Sevenoak SK-LED54 Light will provide the ideal lighting for
images or videos. The Digital Camera Pentax Sevenoak SK-LED54 Light is designed
with 54 high intensity LEDs that provide an adjustable
colour temperature of between 3200K and 5600K, with the
possibility of adjusting the brightness. The LED light
includes two diffusers, one white and one yellow, and
includes a small head.
This Sevenoak SK-LED54 Light can be connected on to a tripod
operates with 4 AA batteries as well as Sony NPF550 and
NP570 batteries.
The Sevenoak SK-LED54 Light is very light-weight and compact
addition to your camera lighting solutions.
|For the purchase of more than 3 items, you get Free Express Delivery.


text:
We appreciate the feedback and will investigate the details of your report.
WatchGuard has deployed nearly a million integrated, multi-function threat management appliances worldwide. Our signature red boxes are architected to be the industry's smartest, fastest, and meanest security devices with every scanning engine running at full throttle. Why buy WatchGuard? Find out here.


text:
By Phil Stewart and Idrees Ali
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Donald Trump is considering significantly drawing down troops from Afghanistan, two U.S. officials told Reuters on Thursday, in the latest sign his patience is thinning both with America's longest war and overseas military interventions, generally.
The U.S. officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said thousands of the 14,000 troops could be sent home as a result of the deliberations, the disclosure of which could undermine ongoing peace efforts with the Taliban.
The Pentagon declined comment. White House officials could not be immediately reached for comment.
The drawdown, if confirmed, would follow Trump's decision to completely withdraw all U.S. forces from Syria - a move that has bewildered allies and triggered harsh reaction from Republican allies in Congress. It has also alarmed U.S. military commanders.
More than 2,400 U.S. forces have died in the 17-year-old war in Afghanistan, and Pentagon officials have repeatedly warned that a precipitous exit would allow militants to develop new plots on America like the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks that plunged the United States into an era of open-ended warfare.
Trump last year approved an increase in U.S. troops but acknowledged that he did so reluctantly. U.S. officials have told Reuters that Trump has been keen to bring the Afghan conflict to a close.
The Taliban insurgency have strengthened its grip over the past three years, with the government in Kabul controlling just 56 percent of Afghanistan, down from 72 percent in 2015, a recent U.S. government report showed.
Late last month, at least 22 Afghan police were killed in a Taliban ambush in Afghanistan's western province of Farah, adding to the growing casualty toll on Afghan security forces fighting an increasingly confident insurgency.
(Reporting by Phil Stewart and Idrees Ali; editing by Grant McCool)
This story has not been edited by Firstpost staff and is generated by auto-feed.
Updated Date: Dec 21, 2018 05:05:28 IST


text:
Welcome to our journey, a journey of friends who gather to share songs, stories, and good times (what the Irish call craic). Playing a wide variety of Irish/Celtic music, Turas never fails to deliver on good music and good times. So sit back, draw yourself a pint, and join us in the journey . . .
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: March 9LIVE with Timothy Smith
Later Event: March 16LIVE with Charlie Hayes


text:
When It Feels Like a Migraine — But Isn't
Your recurring headaches may not be migraines after all. Occipital neuralgia, a nerve-induced headache, may feel like a migraine, but isn't treated the same. Learn the differences.
If migraine medication isn't working, your recurring headaches may not be migraines after all. Occipital neuralgia, a nerve-induced headache, can be confused with migraine because the symptoms can be similar:
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
But that's where the similarities end. Occipital neuralgia and migraines require different treatments because their sources of pain are different. Migraines are related to changes in the brain. Occipital neuralgia is due to compressed or irritated nerves that run from the neck, up the back of the head to the scalp.
"Nerves can become entrapped due to muscle spasms or head or neck trauma, such as whiplash," says Shrif Costandi, MD, a pain management specialist at Cleveland Clinic. "Sometimes we don't know what causes it."
Pain specialists can identify occipital neuralgia through one or more of these methods:
Migraines tend to have identifiable triggers, he adds. Plus, they can be accompanied by aura (visual disturbances and other symptoms that precede the headaches). Occipital neuralgia typically has neither of those characteristics.
Taking oral anti-inflammatories is the first step to treating occipital neuralgia. Using heat or massage to soothe tight neck muscles can help as well. If those treatments don't provide relief, interventional pain specialists can perform an occipital nerve block. That's when a local anesthetic and steroid are injected around the irritated nerve.
"Pain relief can last from several weeks to several months, and sometimes the pain doesn't recur," says Dr. Costandi.
If your headaches have persisted for more than three months and have not responded to conventional treatments — including migraine medication — it's time to see a doctor.


text:
Alliance Mineral Assets has obtained the mining approval from the Department of Mines and Petroleum of Western Australia to commence operations at its Bald Hill Tantalite Project.
Ascendas Real Estate Investment Trust recorded a 7 percent hike in net property income to $114.7 million for the second quarter ended 30 September, underpinned by recognition of rental income earned from Nexus@one-north, A-REIT City@Jinqiao, Hyflux Innovation Centre and Aperia. Coupled with a $14.1 million foreign exchange gain, compared to an $11.3 million loss a year earlier, income available for distribution rose 1.1 percent to $86 million. Consequently, the trust declared a distribution per unit of $0.0366 for the quarter.
Cache Logistics Trust's net property income inched down 0.5 percent to $19.5 million for the third quarter ended 30 September, as a result of higher property maintenance expenses and lease commissions. However, a larger positive distribution adjustment ensured that the income available for distribution grew 1.2 percent to $16.7 million. Cache declared a distribution per unit of $0.0214, up 0.7 percent year-on-year (y-o-y).
CapitaCommercial Trust posted $51.9 million in net property income for the third quarter ended 30 September, up 8.6 percent y-o-y, driven by higher rental rates and/or occupancies at all properties except Wilkie Edge. Coupled with lower finance costs, distributable income to unitholders rose 4.8 percent to $61.6 million. Consequently, the trust declared a distribution of $0.021 per unit for the quarter, up 2.9 percent from a year earlier.
Enviro-Hub Holdings has entered into a term-sheet with Italy-based Acsm Agam to form a 50:50 joint venture (JV) company, Plastic to Fuel. The JV will be engaged in a project to construct, finance, operate and maintain an industrial plant for the production of fuel oil from plastic waste in Italy and marketing of the final product.
Ezra Holdings' subsea services division has won multiple contracts from various energy companies valued in excess of US$70 million. Works include subsea installation of umbilicals, flowlines and jumpers, as well as provision of services to support rigs.
Midas Holdings' JV company, Nanjing SR Puzhen Rail Transport Co and Shanghai Alstom Transport Electrical Equipment Co, have jointly secured a metro train contract, with delivery scheduled between 2015 and 2016, worth Rmb897 million.
Oxley Holdings' subsidiary, Oxley Gem (Cambodia) Co, has signed a memorandum of understanding with Shangri-La International Hotel Management to grant the latter a 60-day exclusivity period to negotiate the management of the first Shangri-La hotel in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, to be developed by Oxley.
QT Vascular has acquired a novel technology platform called Java, a strong fit with the firm's core expertise in minimally invasive angioplasty, and will allow the company to capitalise on new market opportunities.
Samudera Shipping Line's turnover dipped 9.5 percent to US$88.2 million for the third quarter ended 30 September, due to its rationalisation efforts in its container shipping business and a smaller operating fleet in its non-container shipping business. However, service rationalisation, lower bunker price and charter-in rates lifted the firm's gross margin by 5.9 percentage points to 9.7 percent and steered Samudera back into the black with a net profit of US$5.2 million.
Join The Conversation
The Shares Investment editorial team welcomes constructive feedback on our coverage and content. We would also be delighted to answer any questions on the above article. Leave us a comment below, and we'll get back to you shortly!


text:
Broadband World Forum is part of the Informa Tech Division of Informa PLC
This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. Number 3099067.
Start Up Showcase I What are the judges looking for?
Start Up Showcase I Judges Live Consultation & Feedback


text:
Sizing up streaming services for students
J'Mari Hughes—Reporter Netflix is home to over 4,000 movies, 1,000 TV shows, and 110 million users. Over 90 percent of college students use the streaming service, according to a survey from LendEDU. Every month, Netflix releases big time movies and TV shows whose popularity circulates throughout tweets, YouTube videos, and, as said by sophomore Esther Clebert, memes. Titles such asRead more


text:
ScHoolboy Q Discusses "CrasH Talk," Golf & More On Hot Ones
June 27, 2019 | Interviews, Videos | No Comments|
TDE rapper ScHoolboy Q is coming off an official music video for "Dangerous" and now he sits down with Sean Evans for the latest episode of Hot Ones.
While learning to respect spicy wings, Q discusses his new album CrasH Talk, disdain for "Pokémon rap," love for golf, and more.
Watch below. CrasH Talk is available on Apple Music, Spotify, and other digital services now.


text:
Ca' Foscari rewards those who stood out for their excellence in science and academia in Italy and abroad as well as its best professors and students.
Master's Degree Honoris Causa in Accounting and Finance
Department of Management
March 8th 2019
Honorary Degree in European, American and Postcolonial Language and Literature
Department of Linguistics and Comparative Cultural Studies
June 21st 2017
Video of the ceremony [ITA-ENG]
Stephen Orgel's interview [ITA-ENG]
Honorary Degree in Language Sciences
Department of Linguistics and Comparative Cultural Studies
December 15th 2015
Video of the ceremony [ITA-ENG]
Ca' Foscari University of Venice recognizes the title of Ca' Foscari Honorary Fellow to distinguished academics in the arts and sciences, in society or to outstanding personalities who carried out measures for the university contributing to its international prestige. Submitted names are approved by the Academic Senate and by the Rector.
Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, Harvard University
Nobel prize for Chemestry in 2013
October 24th 2018
Economist and Grameen Bank foundator
Nobel prize for Economics in 2006
October 2nd 2018
School of Management Distinguished Professor of Finance, MIT
John and Natty McArthur University Professor Emeritus, Harvard University
Nobel prize for Economics in 1997
September 26th 2018
Peruvian writer, dramatist and politician
Nobel prize for Literature in 2010
June 4th 2018
Nobel prize for Economics in 1998
May 21st 2018
Michael Armellino Professor of Finance, New York University Stern School of Business
Nobel prize for Economics in 2003
May 16th 2018
Author of theater, poetries, novels and essays
Nobel prize for Literature in 1986
April 9th 2018
Film-maker and producer
March 21st 2018
Last update: 03/09/2019