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Back to the Deep Freeze
There is not much more to the story of our first Flordication. We did, indeed, winterize the trailer in Forsyth, Georgia, on Friday just as a blast of cold air again gripped the south. Saturday we drove to Knoxville to stay a night at Yarberry RV Park – where this whole odyssey began. We linked up with brother Richard and his friend Paula and met them at a new restaurant/brewery – "The Elkmont Exchange."
Back at the campground at 7:00 – it was 10 degrees! During the night I came down with the same cold Tom had, and I slept most of the way home on Sunday!
Here are some stats from the trip:
"0" issues with the new Airstream! Everything worked!
3,787 total miles on the trip.
3,024 miles on the new Airstream.
5 great visits with family and friends
18 days gone
1/15/2018 05:42:22 am
Nice trip. Hope you get to feeling better. Welcome back to Winter.
Leave a Reply.
July 2019
We don't go camping any more . . . we go 'streamin' ! The "SIlvermine and His" is our 2018 25' Airstream Serenity with Salsa interior and front twin beds., and 'streamin' is the name we use to describe our adventures. Stream along as we document everything from weekend trips to longer summer excursions and full-blown vacations. You know what they say: if you're not in an Airstream – you're just camping!
Tom & Ella Brown


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If you end up cited for a transferring violation which will end in factors in your license, you'll be able to expect that your insurance rates will go up if the points truly end up in your driving document. The points send a purple flag to insurance companies that you've got broken the driving laws and that you could be be a danger-taking and dangerous driver who's more more likely to have an accident. Getting too many points on your driving record in Virginia might also result in the non permanent suspension of your driver's license.
Wilhelm Automotive Cave Creek
Because of this incident, among others, the Federal Motor Provider Safety Administration (FMCSA) has "vowed to get tough," leading to over 3,000 shock inspections, 127 drivers and 315 busses put out of service. Such efforts are laudable, however could do little or no to police the entirety of the business … Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Roy Orbison might have sung it,but I have been living it.
I've been having problems sleeping and the main reasons is a succession of dreams that seem to get worse by the day.
There are so many things that the subconscious mind deals with that none of us are close to comprehending that affect us.
My sleep is never a strong suit as it and it is affecting me even wanting to sleep.
I've been dreaming about things that have happened and those that haven't yet are too horrible to contemplate.
People in my life,people that I don't want in my life and people long forgotten and obscure are making appearances.
I have no idea why this has started and even less in what they mean,so I'm confused about all of this.
I don't put a ton of stock in dream interpretations because I don't believe they have any more knowledge than I do on just what these things mean,but I do know this-I could use the sleep and I sure hope whatever is going on will stop!
Wish me luck!!


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Where to find your widget installation code
First things first, so let's find out where to get the installation code for your widget.
There are two ways to start using Elfsight Apps – either to download the app extension from BigCommerce Apps Marketplace, or to create your widget directly in our Elfsight Apps service. However, with both ways the process is the same – first you need to create and save your widget, and after you do it, you'll be redirected to widgets' list screen:
Click on Add to Website, and you'll see the popup window with two lines of code. These lines are the installation code for your widget:
Now that we know how to get the installation code let's move on to the installation process as such.
Adding your Elfsight Widget to the page template
Another very common use-case with our users is to add the widget to the website's page template, to make it display on every page. Let's take a Facebook Feed widget and find out how to do it.
To add the widget, first you need to find the section with your theme files. To do it, you need to click on Storefront menu item.
Once there, you need to find the section where you can edit the theme files – Advanced Options of your theme, Edit HTML/CSS section:
You'll be redirected to template files list. Please, click on Page.html file:
Add the installation code to the Page file. Let's say that we need to display the widget right before the footer. In this case we need to add it before the PanelFooter class in the code. In the same way you can choose any page area to display the widget. Press Save after adding the code:
After you've done this, you can click on any page on your website to make sure that the widget is displaying correctly:


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World Cup 2018 as a Nigerian fan, in my own words.Read More
A tale of the Super Eagles that flew but never soared.Read More
Messi Day, Thunderclaps, and the ultimate trolls. Game 2 had it all!Read More
African teams have found points difficult to come by after their first four games due to late goals and special moments from set pieces. Senegal remain the last hope for the continent to claim any points after this first round of games.Read More
Kenyan fans will be hoping for clear broadcasting of World Cup 2018Read More
The Nigerian Football Federation looks to collect a bonus from FIFARead More
El Said has is eyes on a World Cup roster spotRead More
Egyptian goalkeeper eyes historical appearance at the age of 45Read More
6 African referees make the cut for Russia 2018Read More
How did the African 5 fare during round two of the international break?Read More
The 5 African Nations repping the continent in styleRead More
Get well soon HakimiRead More
Neuer return unknownRead More
We love the confidence NigeriaRead More
EPL based players dominate Egypt's squad for friendliesRead More


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Charles Jalenak Passes Jewish Foundation of Memphis Torch to New Leader
By Susan Nieman
Above: L.R. Jalenak, Jr. and son Charles Jalenak, two generations of Jewish Foundation of Memphis Chairs.
On June 18, 2019, at the joint annual meeting of Jewish Community Partners (JCP), Memphis Jewish Federation (MJF) and Jewish Foundation of Memphis (JFOM), Charles Jalenak will pass the torch as Foundation Chair after serving in this role for two years.
Mr. Jalenak has spent a lifetime connected with Jewish Foundation of Memphis, Memphis Jewish Federation and Jewish Community Partners. At least that is what it must feel like for a man whose involvement with these organizations spans almost three decades.
"I have felt honored to follow in the footsteps of my father who, with several other Jewish communal leaders, was very instrumental in the formation of the Jewish Foundation of Memphis," said Mr. Jalenak referring to his father, L.R. Jalenak, Jr., the second Foundation Chair, following Ronald Harkavy, who served as the first Chair of the Foundation almost 25 years ago. "It was a privilege to continue in the mission that those before me helped establish, and to keep the vibrancy and momentum going to the next person and the next generation."
The Jewish Foundation of Memphis was formed in 1995 to serve as the "back-office" endowment arm of the Memphis Jewish Community serving as an endowment resource for nine partner agencies and providing various funds and vehicles for managing family philanthropy. Other past chairs include: Sandy Blockman, Nat Landau, Jerome Makowsky, Ronna Newburger, Nick Ringel, Kay Saslawsky, Ken Steinberg. Since its founding, $10's of millions of dollars have been distributed to hundreds of charities in Memphis and beyond.
"One of the first things I did when I became chairman was to talk to some of the prior chairs to get a sense about the strengths that they saw in the organization and the challenges they faced," continued Mr. Jalenak. "I wanted to meet with as many past chairs and board members to understand what they had accomplished and to offer suggestions about what they would like to see done, and how things could be done a little differently. I think that was a great opportunity for me to learn from them to build a stronger future."
Mr. Jalenak's involvement in the Memphis Jewish community stems back to his youthful days at the MJCC and BBYO and into young adulthood as a donor to Federation's annual campaign. "The game changer that solidified the connection was my first mission trip to Israel in 1995. After that I became a member of the Federation's Finance Committee and joined the Investment Committee at the Foundation."
"I've worked with Charles through the Foundation for 19 years," said Sheri Gadberry, JCP Director of Operations, who has been with the Foundation since 2000. "His dedication and commitment of time is an inspiration to our staff."
"The leadership and staff have a lot to be proud of," he said." Over the last few years we've realized significant growth in legacy gifts through our close working relationship with our nine partner organizations. And we've grown a record number of Donor Advised Funds."
Mr. Jalenak is excited about the Foundation's growth citing a recent milestone of total assets under JCP management reaching $100 million. "I can't take credit for that, but it was a terrific accomplishment that was realized during my term as Chair." He then remarked on the "amazing programs" held by the Foundation's Professional Advisory Group and his good fortune to work with its leader, local estate attorney Jason Salomon.
Even though Mr. Jalenak will no longer be at the helm of the Foundation, his involvement will continue through his continued chairmanship of the JCP's Investment Committee. And who knows, maybe one of his four children, all of whom are past, current and future members of the Foundation's B'nai Tzedek Teen Philanthropy program, will take on future leadership roles at the Foundation or within the Memphis Jewish community.
"Working with Charles has been a tremendous pleasure," said JCP President and CEO Laura Linder. "He is completely invested in the success of the Foundation and has contributed significantly to its growth. I'm thrilled that he will continue to play a major leadership role as the chair of our Investment Committee. This is one of the most important functions of our organization and one that Charles has successfully led for many years."


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Distance from Llano, TX to The Colony, TX
Driving distance between Llano, TX and The Colony, TX is 264.64 miles (or 425.90 kilometers). If you drove an average car (using about 3.6 gallons of gas per mile), the gas would cost you around $, since you would need about gallons of fuel.
Leaving from Llano, TX you would reach The Colony, TX in about 4 hours 22 mins if you keep an average speed of miles per hour, assuming you don't make any breaks or get stuck in traffic.


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Maroa-Forsyth School District News
Thursday, June 13, 2019
- Class of 2019: Congratulations to our entire class of 2019! Gammachu Amae, Reilly Fitzpatrick, Jillian Hubbard, Megan Leighton, and Kathryn Resser were this year's valedictorians!
- Registration: For the 2019-2020 school year, families can register online. More information about online registration will be posted in mid-July at mfschools.net/registration, and families will be sent an email about the process. If you do not wish to register online, you can register at the schools on July 31 from noon-5 p.m.
- Hall of Fame: Maroa-Forsyth School District has established a Hall of Fame. We want recognize individuals or groups with academic, fine art, athletic or other distinguished achievements. To learn more or submit a nomination, visit mfschools.net/hall-of-fame.


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Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
3rd term Democrat from Minnesota.
Residence: Minneapolis
Marital Status: Married (John Bessler)
Prev. Occupation: Attorney, Lobbyist
Prev. Political Exp.: Hennepin Co. Attorney, 1999-2007; US Senate, 2007-present
Education: BA Yale University, 1982; JD University of Chicago, 1985
Birthdate: 05/25/1960
Religion: Congregationalist
Percentage in Last Election: 65%
Major Opponent: Kurt Bills
Current Elected Office Contact Information
Contact Sen. Amy Klobuchar via Web Form.
Website: klobuchar.senate.gov
Washington, D.C. Office:425 Dirksen Senate Office Building,
District of Columbia 20510
Phone: (202) 224-3244
Fax: (202) 228-2186
Minneapolis Office: (more district offices) 1200 Washington Avenue South, Suite 250
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415
Phone: (612) 727-5220
Fax: (612) 727-5223
Minneapolis Office:
1200 Washington Avenue South, Suite 250
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415
Phone: (612) 727-5220
Fax: (612) 727-5223
Rochester Office:
1130 1/2 7th Street NW, Suite 212
Rochester, Minnesota 55901
Phone: (507) 288-5321
Fax: (507) 288-2922
Moorhead Office:
121 4th Street South
Moorhead, Minnesota 56560
Phone: (218) 287-2219
Fax: (218) 287-2930
Virginia Office:
820 9th Street North, Olcott Plaza, Suite 105
Virginia, Minnesota 55792
Phone: (218) 741-9690
Fax: (218) 741-3692
Current Elected Office Committees:
Current Elected Office Staff Members:
Current Elected Office Key Votes:
These are our key votes and this is how Sen. Amy Klobuchar voted on our issues. Click on each heading to sort.
How are YOUR reps voting?
Current Elected Office Bills:
Here is Sen. Amy Klobuchar's cosponsorship status on our key legislation. Send Sen. Amy Klobuchar a message by clicking in the "Send Message" column.
Get involved and take action!
Red means that this is not our preferred cosponsorship position.


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New photograph of blues giant Robert Johnson authenticated
Posted Feb 3, 2013 by
Alexander Baron
Robert Johnson died August 16, 1938. Eight years ago there were only two known photographs of him. Today, after a long process of authentication, there are three.
Legendary blues guitarist Robert Johnson (1911-38).
Creative Commons
The name Robert Johnson is not as well known as it deserves to be; unless you are a musicologist, blues guitarist or some such you may never have heard it, at least not this particular Robert Johnson, but without him the future of contemporary music would have looked far different from what it does today, and would almost certainly have been poorer for that.
Johnson is a member of the
27 Club
, and because of that, the pausity of knowledge of his life, and the suspicion that he may have been murdered, he has become the stuff of legend.
Amy Winehouse
, Robert Johnson did not achieve any degree of either fame or notoriety during his lifetime, and there were famously only two known photographs of him. Eight years ago though, another one turned up on ebay; the seller didn't realise who it was, but the buyer had a suspicion. Johnson had extraordinarily long fingers (as can be seen in both the other photographs), and although it has taken all this time, this newly discovered photograph has finally been authenticated.
This one will hopefully not cause the same controversy as the last. In 1994, a stamp was issued based on one of the then two known photos of Johnson, but the cigarette had been removed from his mouth by some government health fascist.
The legendary guitarist has a tentative presence on
. Don't forget also to check out the
Robert Johnson Blues Foundation


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Men's Clothing WS668 Men's Cotton Military Winter Warm Hooded Jacket Coat Plus Velvet Lined ArmyGreen ITQMYBJBS
Product Code: ITQMYBJBS
Availability: In Stock
Attention: all items are UK Size for selection, not Asian Size.More Colorful, there is always a right for you!Let accompany you through a warm winter!100%Cotton / Artificial CottonHand washing, machine washParka8808-ArmyGreen-MHave any questions or problems, please contact us, we will be the fastest time to answer your questions!
Welcome to my shop
Dear my friend: Please spend some time please feel free to look at the other items in my store:
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Sincere thanks for your viewing and wish you good luck!
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WS668 Men's Cotton Military Winter Warm Hooded Jacket Coat Plus Velvet Lined ArmyGreen ITQMYBJBS


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Cathi Murphy MFA RYT500
originally from Sligo, I have recently returned to Ireland after almost 20 years living in the US where I explored a variety of educational adventures and numerous ways to make a living as I sought out the meaning and purpose of life. My own life has been thoroughly ordinary in so far as it's been a never ending series of ups and downs, but it was the rockiest parts of the road that led me to the wisdom of yoga and dharma. After having struggled with depression for many years, these powerful teachings and practices guided me home to a sense of belonging in my body heart mind that I had been sorely missing. It is my passion to share the potency of these teachings with others so that we can all share in this liberating possibility of a basic friendliness towards our own experience and come hOMe to a life of compassion, joy and wisdom.
I first practiced yoga when I tagged along with some friends to a class with renowned and much beloved teacher Katchie Ananda at YogaKula in San Francisco, California and it changed my life! (katchieananda.com). Never intending to be a yoga teacher, but eager to deepen my study with Katchie, I quit my job to embark on a yoga immersion and went on to complete 250 hours of teacher training with Katchie. I remain devoted to her unique blend of Yoga and Dharma, with its emphasis on liberating the body and stretching the mind. I am grateful to Katchie for anchoring my yoga practice in the wisdom of the Buddha's teachings and am especially grateful for the early introduction to Metta/Lovingkindness practice which was deeply healing for me and continues to be the bedrock of my practice, on the mat, on the cushion and in life.
I have also trained extensively with Stacey Rosenberg, a master at weaving the Tantric teachings with clear and accessible anatomical precision to create a signature blend of enlightening alignment (namastacey.com). I am continually inspired by Stacey's unwavering commitment to empowering students by offering tools with which they themselves can grow their own yoga in their own bodies and in their own lives.
In addition to this 500+ hours of teacher training with my primary yoga teachers, in October 2015, I graduated from a yearlong teacher training program in Mindful Yoga and Meditation through Spirit Rock Meditation Center in Marin County, CA. The program was directed by Anne Cushman and Will Kabat-Zinn, whose kindness, wisdom, and humor now deeply inform my understanding and practice. The program featured a wealth of wise yoga and dharma teachers and I am particularly touched by teachings from Janice Gates, Jill Satterfield, Pascal Auclair, Phillip Moffit and Spring Washam.
While living in San Francisco, I regularly attended Sangha with San Francisco Insight where my teachers were Eugene Cash and Pam Weiss, and I continue practicing with Pam through her long-distance programs. I cannot overstate the influence of their impact on my practice: their separate and distinctive voices offer a collective experience of deep wisdom that bridges the paradoxical simplicity and complexity of the dharma, supports a generous embrace of the ferocity and fragility of human being-ness and calls forth an honest dedication to real-life practice. Even from a distance of 6000 miles, their echo inspires me every day to fear less and love more.
I began offering yoga and mindfulness practices in April 2013 in San Francisco. I was a founding facilitator at The Healing Well, where I taught weekly classes in yoga, meditation and creative writing (healingwellsf.org), I regularly assisted Stacey Rosenberg at Yoga Tree Hayes in San Francisco, and taught private clients, individually and in the workplace.
I have been studying, writing and teaching poetry, literature and political philosophy for over twenty years. I hold a BA and an MA from the National University of Ireland, Galway, where I taught for four years, and an MA and an MFA from San Francisco State University. Both my creative and academic writing have been variously published, and I was the recipient of the 2008 Mark Linenthal award for Poetry and received honorable mention in the 2010 American Academy of Poets Harold Taylor prize.
In 2011, I took a haitus from writing and teaching to immerse myself in yoga and dharma but resumed teaching poetry in Summer 2014 and now I look forward to weaving these three loves together.
Yoga and Dharma have brought profound transformation to my life. While the yoga tradition and the teachings of the Buddha are not always experienced together, I see them not simply as complimentary, but as deeply resonant. Their paradoxical blend of personal agency and radical acceptance of inter-being activated a deep but previously dormant potential for purposeful and integrated living, enabling me to cultivate a sustainable path of well-being in my body, heart and mind. I believe yoga is not only a place of ease and refuge, but also an effortful discipline, a call for active engagement with each moment in order to see how to calibrate these twin intentions of effort and ease—what blend is needed right here and right now? The strength, flexibility, balance and integration that mindful yoga cultivates in body, mind and heart allows us more response-ability in all areas of living, bringing skillful action off the mat and into the world of work, family and community infusing our relationships and our life with intelligence and vitality. I am committed to meeting people where they are, physically, emotionally and financially and while I am particularly dedicated to bringing yoga to marginalized communities, I truly believe that wherever you are in your life, yoga can inform, enliven and enhance your experience. I am deeply grateful to my generous teachers each of whom embody integrity and devotion and it is an honor to share the richness of their teachings with others.
Om Bolo Shri Sat Guru Bhagavan Qi Jai!
Thanks and Praise to all those who have taught about truth, going back and back through all the teachers, to the first mysterious teacher


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Breaking News Emails
Get breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings.SUBSCRIBE
Filipino protesters burned an effigy of President Barack Obama in Manila on Monday as the U.S. signed a deal that gives its military greater access to Philippine bases.
Some 800 activists burned mock U.S. flags and chanted "no-bama, no bases, no war" on the road leading to Malacanang Palace, where Obama met with Philippine President Benigno Aquino III. The effigy showed Obama riding a chariot pulled by Aquino, who was depicted as a dog.


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Premier League have officially released the amount of money each club have earned for 2018/19 season.
The distribution of the payment is as follows:
Equal Share: £34,361,519 for each
Facility fees
Merit Payment
International TV
Central Commercial
Liverpool lead the race with overall amount of £152,425,146.
Merseyside club is followed by Manchester City ( £150,986,355). Pep Guardiola's team has won a domestic treble this season, which surely made them one of the bests club also in financial terms. Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur, Arsenal and Manchester United complete Top – 6.
Here is the complete list


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Sample thesis title for information system
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Distances are calculated in a straight line and may not reflect actual travel distance.
This newly converted and refurbished flat benefits from two entrances, entered either from the pavement in to the reception room or via the rear door in to an entrance hall. To the front is a reception room with frosted, double glazed windows to the front, space for a sofa facing the television points. Next to the reception room is a double bedroom with space for a double bed, bed side tables and freestanding storage. In the middle of the flat is a generous eat-in kitchen. There is a good range of high gloss white wall and base units, integrated appliances includes an electric 4 ring hob with oven below and extractor fan above. There is a cupboard under the stairs plumbed for the washing machine and providing useful storage. Finally at the back is a bathroom with a walk-in shower cubicle, wash basin with storage below and W.C.
The flat is located on Garratt Lane about half way between Earlsfield Train Station and Tooting Broadway. The nearest transport links are provided by Earlsfield Train Station (0.7 miles) and Tooting Broadway (0.7Miles). The shops, bars, restaurants and other amenities along Garratt Lane are a short walk away and the green open spaces of Garratt Park and Wandle Meadow Nature park are also nearby.
Additional Information
Lease length: 931 years from 24 June 1995
Ground Rent: Peppercorn
Service Charge: approx. £593 per annum
Reception room
Eat-in kitchen
Contact branch for relevant Energy Performance Certificate


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Spiritual Work
What is spiritual work? Why to work in the spirit? Where is the spiritual work? What is the purpose to work as spirit?
For a very long time we have been making seminars and ceremonies all over the world….Many have been touch by the spirit since that time space, many have learn thesacred dance, many others have forgotten….but others are remembering…some awakening…many have came back and say thank you...you have change my life….then keep on trying, and others just forgot and go back into their own little selves, their comfort place…many others, have been awake, then go back to sleep….and some others, the ones that have been awake, and stay awake, I truly honor them, I am so grateful…And also we have grown in spirit too ..all the way…
I have found many of the people coming to seminars and ceremonies all over, and that is so beautiful, but people need the next part, "how to"….and the "how to" cannot put in a 1,2,3, situation, because what is good for one it not be good for the other, or only will work once…depending in situation in life, cultural belief, ages…so many factors that will dependthe spiritual work become a successful.
What it is the most important thing is for people be-live in themselves, bring back the confidence and trust and the responsibility of themselves, for you are your own teacher, and sacredness resides in the self.
Spiritual work has been design, since the beginning of time, to embrace the connection of the spirit, how? By knowing that human being is a spirit that resides in a body with a soul, human being have grown enough to embrace this understanding within the self, and for not to see the body as the beginning and end of all situations….For the true human being is multidimensional… and all knowing …and all loving… for comes directly from the Great spirit, so yes, human being is divine and have all the powers and the energy of the father-mother, the great spirit.
Now, human being have been program for not to believe in themselves, to see themselves as imperfect, not responsible for any creation and to go into slavery, slavery that has took human into a mediocrity mind, for they become slaves of an energy that resides in the programmed mind.
For long time, in many religions and traditions all over the world, they have been design work in the spiritual manner as practices, spiritual practices, most of them created by men for men, silence the mind in order to go into inside… the women practices were very much vanish from the sight of the system, why because when women begin to embrace and understand themselves as divine, slavery will stop, for it is in the feminine hemisphere where the power of creation resides, the virtual reality, the hologram of life. For many generations, for us 500 hundred years, the feminine practices were made in the hidden, in some cases as Mexico and south America, or not at all for it was prohibit …
We are entering into a new world, a new way of perception and all is about relations, the relation with the environment, with each other, but the most important relationship is the relationship with the self, and that involve male and female hemispheres together, it is by using both of the hemispheres of the brain at the same time what will make human being whole and will have the possibility to renounce slavery once and for all.
The new world is about using your original vibration, your own particular key, as they authentic human being, for as close human being is to the essence authenticity came into being, the real porpoise of human being is being….
In the ancient times there were schools where the true human being maintain their original vibration and grow into different octaves that the mother provide, it was completely personalize, this knowledge is not lost, it has been preserve, it is in the heart, in the dna of those women and men that were able to see themselves as free, they dare to see themselves as free beings for they hold the knowledge and passed into to many generations….it wasn't trough a tradition nor religion, it was though an spiritual connection …where it become a way of living…
Those spiritual schoolwere for women and men, for the Great Spirit doesn't have sex issues, that was a men made thing to create slavery in human being…
Yes, when you find your spiritual work will change your life, for the better…
We are inviting you to participate, in the school of enlightenment, an online school, for it is in the virtual for now, to find yourself, to find your true vibration by uncovering your true self, the most wonderful adventure, the adventure of knowing yourself, it is the most joyful adventure of them all…
This is the time of registration, we started the school in march 21, 2008
....Register now for next trimester
send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com
In Lakesh


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Claude Branger
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine, Loire, France
Among the small cadre of committed growers—and it remains a small cadre—the father and son team of Claude and Sébastien Branger rank among the top. Claude was an early member of Terra Vitis, an organization that sets guide-lines for sustainable farming and monitors its members' practices to ensure compliance. Subsequently, Sébastien embarked the domaine on the road to full-fledged organic farming. Certification came in 2016. They farm 65 acres in two parishes in the heart of the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine appellation. .
Two new crus communaux are the most exciting thing to come down the Muscadet pike in recent time, and are meant to be the apex of the pyramid in Muscadet (the base being made up of generic Muscadet, and the middle being made up of the three sub-appellations of Sèvre et Maine, Côteaux de la Loire, and Côtes de Grandlieu). The INAO recognized the following crus: Le Pallet (grabbo terroir), Clisson (granite), and Gorges (clay and quartz). recognized in 2011, followed by Goulaine (schist); Mouzillon-Tillières (grabbo); Château Thébaud (granite); and Monnières-Saint Fiacre (gneiss), all recognized in 2014. These all require lower maximum yields—45 hectoliters per hectare for a cru compared to 55 hl/ha for the sub-appellations—and a minimum aging period on the lees (usually 24 months, but this varies).
The Brangers have vines in the delimited zones of Château Thébaud and Monnières-Saint Fiacre.
This domaine prunes its vines for low yields, harvests by hand (a rarity in this land of machine harvesting), and lets its wine rest on the lees until bottling, which is done without fining and with a light filtration—the classic sur lie technique. It's this technique that gives good Muscadet wine its freshness and lift. Contrary to popular opinion, Melon is not, if allowed to ripen properly, naturally high in acid; it's the lees contact and the resulting CO2 gas that give the wine its crisp spice and zest (acid Muscadet is usually the product of under ripe, high-yielding machine-harvested grapes).
Visit The Wine Doctor for a an excellent summary of a visit to the estate.
Our Selections
Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine Terroir les Gras Moutons 2017
This is a single-vineyard wine, made now from 18 acres of vines (before 2009, their parcel totaled 10 acres) growing in a celebrated vineyard named the Fat Sheep*, one that occupies the high and gently sloping ground. This is in the adjacent commune of Saint Fiacre, which is the smallest of the 23 communes in the Sèvre et Maine AC and one with some of the best grape growing land. The bedrock is gneiss with amphibolite, a greenish metamorphic rock and the thin topsoil is pebbly, sandy clay. The vines were planted between 1930 and 1986, and average more than 50 years old. The meager soil and the old vines give naturally low yields, averaging 45 hl/ha. The wine rests on its lees in underground tanks for twelve to fourteen months, and it is quite concentrated by Muscadet standards. Ripe, round, and intensely mineral, this wine can age beautifully, developing aromas with bottle age that are a cross between Riesling and Pinot Blanc. A productive year sees 3,625 cases made.
Fat Sheep is the current literal translation, but it's pretty far off base. Gras moutons comes from the old local dialect for gros moton or gros motton. Gros refers to something important, as in big or promi-nent. Moton is derived from mons in Latin, referring to mont (mount in English), the base for montagne or mountain. Motton comes from motte, referring to a natural levy or rise in the ground. Whether you go with moton or motton, it's clear that Gras Moutons refers to a high point of ground in the area.
Review of the 2016 Vintage: "Branger hails from vines all in excess of fifty years of age in this superb vineyard. The wine offers up superb purity and depth on the nose, wafting from the glass in a complex blend of lime, a touch of pear, beautiful leesy tones, candied flowers, stony minerality and a bit of ocean breeze. On the palate the wine is deep, full-bodied, racy and focused, with a superb core, stunning backend mineral drive and a long, youthfully complex and racy finish. This is stellar Muscadet! 2018-2030+. 93 Points." John Gilman - A View From The Cellar, Oct 2018 #77
Review of the 2016 Vintage: "The Brangers farm 18 acres of vines in Les Gras Moutons, the site's name believed to be an old French reference to a prominent rise (gros moton) rather than the direct contemporary translation of a voluptuously proportioned sheep. This 2016 is, however, pretty voluptuous in its concentrated flavors, completely integrated, all of a piece. The marine salinity is almost feral in its intensity, hinting at ginger and mushrooms; then it lengthens out into an ephemeral character and lasts with grace. Give it time in the cellar to tame the lemony undertow of acidity for Belon oysters. 95 Points" - WIne & Spriits Magazine - Best of 2018


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Local father saves daughter from vicious animal attack
I'm typing this from the celebrated Crystal Coast of North Carolina, where It's currently hotter than a $2 pistol but at least the ocean air is divine.
The main reason The Wife and I hit the beach every summer is so our two Tax Deductions experience the requisite amount of frolic in or near a natural body of water. We tried placating them with a $7 plastic pool, a sprinkler and a CD of soothing ocean sounds, but some wisenheimer hipped them to a map. As soon as they figured out the beach was only 90 minutes away, our fate was sealed.
As the TDs get older, it becomes more and more apparent how little I'm needed. TD No. 1 will be driving soon, and since there will be a caveat in her driving contract that will require her to take TD No. 2 everywhere she goes, in no time I'll be the parental equivalent of a beeper salesman.
(TD No. 1 just read the previous paragraph. I had to ask her to scream quietly so Daddy could work.)
Even though the TDs use for me is waning, occasionally a situation will arise that thrusts me back into their favor. Case in point, two nights ago -- the place: Dawson Manor; the time: 7:43 p.m.
It was a dark and stormy night. A crippling humidity gripped the Bucklesberry community like Gailard Sartain's Speedo. The wind was gaining momentum as the TDs started their slow descent into sleep. Just as they were both about to start sawing lumber, a clap of thunder rattled the earth, causing one of them to call out "DADDY!!" in a fit of panic.
I have to say it was worth busting my toe on a door and stepping on a renegade Lego brick to get that call. It was from TD No. 2; I'd never seen her that scared by the weather before. I consoled her for a minute and then walked down the hall to check on TD No. 1.
"You OK?" I asked.
"I'm good," TD No. 1 said.
"Can't you at least pretend to be a little scared of the storm?" I asked.
"The only thing that could scare me would be if you made me take TD No. 2 with me when I get my drivers license," she said.
I went out to the carport to check on our dog Lucille, who has been known to tunnel through concrete to get away from thunder. She's a moderately large dog who, during this thunderstorm, was huddled on her doggie bed, curled up in a ball the size of a chickpea.
I sat beside her and scratched the back of her ears until the storm subsided. She panted with appreciation, although her breath partially melted my house key.
All was not lost. I realized my youngest daughter and my dog still needed me - at least during thunderstorms. The oldest daughter - apart from sometimes asking me for the wifi password (which I change daily in an effort to remain relevant) -- saw me as little more than a future cosigner, wedding financier and fodder for her first year of therapy.
Fast forward a few days and it's bedtime again. TD No. 1 went outside to share some leftovers with Lucille. While coming back into the house, a rogue bug of some sort flew in the door.
"DADDY!!!" TD No. 1 shrieked. "A BUG!!"
Armed with only my wits, a towel and an electrified tennis racket/bug zapper I'd received for my birthday, I hunted high and low for this bug that dared invade our sanctuary. Several swings and misses came and went - along with some moderate property damage - but eventually I got this thing in my sights and corralled it in the towel.
According to Google, our winged-invader was a Giant Leopard Moth. Instead of turning it into Colgate crunchy-style, I decided to let the moth live.
I walked out on the porch with the moth still buzzing in the towel, which I opened up. The moth buzzed around the porch light and I headed towards the door, feeling good that I'd shown mercy on this beautiful creature.
As I walked back towards the house, I saw the TDs standing at the window with tears in their eyes. It seems my act of kindness towards the moth had really touched them. I could even hear our dog Lucille scampering around behind me in an excited manner.
When I got back inside, I asked TD No. 1 was she crying tears of joy because I set the moth free.
"No," she said. "We were crying because when you turned around to come back inside, the dog ate the moth."
Jon Dawson can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com and www.jondawson.com.


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Full time
Southampton, United Kingdom
Trant Engineering Limited is a multi discipline Engineering & Construction company, with offices and projects throughout the UK and Overseas. We have a number of different divisions, including; Energy, Oil & Gas, Process & Water, International and Control & Automation. We have over 800 employees and with a healthy forward order book and a projected turnover of £140m in 2017, it is an exciting time to join the business.
As part of our expansion plans we are seeking a MECHANICAL BIM LEADER, with appropriate experience, to join our EPC, multi-disciplinary teams, supporting the design, construction and operations of the Energy, Oil & Gas, Water, International and Process sectors.
The MECHANICAL BIM LEADER will report to the CAD Team Manager, working with the BIM Manager.
Leading the MECHANICAL CAD Team developing the deliverables in the following fields:
Plant layouts including: Pipe routing, M&E equipment detailing
Contributing development and implementation of internal BIM standards and working practices
Assisting the BIM Manager inputting into the creation of BEP, PIP, MIDP and CDE
Maintain an up to date knowledge of industry developments, BIM standards best practices and innovations
Keep up to date with latest software development and supporting the CAD Team Manager in developing and customizing new releases of BIM software
Attending industry specific BIM working groups
Delivering in-house training and knowledge sharing workshops
Be experienced in delivering to BS1192 and PAS1192 (all parts)
Key Skills/Background:
Thorough knowledge of safety legislation relating to CDM regulations
Proficient in the use of at least one of the common industry CAD software packages. Typical software used in the Mechanical CAD department include: AutoCAD, AutoCAD Plant 3D, AutoCAD P&ID, Revit, Navisworks)
IT literate, must be a proficient user of Microsoft packages
Excellent communication skills, both written and oral. Ability to provide innovative solutions that add value
As well as having a relevant qualification (ONC/NVQ/HND/Degree in Engineering, Computer Aided Design or BIM, you will have previously worked in a similar role. In return, Trant will provide support and encouragement to develop your career and pursue further professional qualifications with the appropriate professional body.
Our company benefits package includes;
• A competitive salary
• 24 days holiday + bank holidays
• Option to buy a further 3 days holiday per year
• Support & encouragement to gain professional qualifications
• Discretionary annual bonus scheme
• Free onsite parking
• Pension
Equal Opportunities:
Trant Engineering Limited is committed to equal opportunities for all and we do not discriminate on the grounds of race, religion or belief, sexual orientation, gender reassignment, marital or civil partner status, sex, disability or age
To apply for this position, please send your CV to email@example.com or call our Internal Recruitment Team on 02380 665544


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Product Description
Following the "Danger Dance" Mini-LP, here comes the first full-length album from Hamburg's Punk-Funksters. Features 9 new tracks, marking a definite step forward for the band. Tighter, less experimentation, more focussed on groove, songwriting and catchyness. Furious, dynamic and danceable! A sound and style in the tradition of great bands like PYLON, BUSH TETRAS, or the AU PAIRS, updated for the 21st century.


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Search the Community
Showing results for tags '2014 texas statewide election'.
Found 1 result
With the likelihood of Texas State AG Greg Abbott ® getting elected as the 48th Governor of Texas on November 4th, questions arise whether Abbott will cut into Democratic territory such as Harris County (which Bill White barely carried in 2010 in the previous gubernatorial election). Will Abbott carry Harris County against Davis in November ? A. Yes B. No


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Forever Unique Gaia black ruffle drop waist hi low dress. Make an entrance in this black beauty and walk like a run way model as this dress sashays behind you. This dress is dark Spanish gypsy meets modern contemporary gal and we just love it.
Features hi low ruffle layered hemline with studded detail around the dropped waist. Fine straps lead to a v neckline with ruffle detail from under arms leading to the back. The stud detailing is present on the upper ruffle too. Worn with a concealed zip back fasten.


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One in three infrastructure projects handled by the Public Works Authority (Ashghal) in Qatar have been delayed amid the impact of the global economy crisis, a senior official has said.
Contracting companies that were awarded various projects had encountered a number of problems, Nasser Al Moulvi, acting general manager of Ashghal said in an interview with Arabic daily Al Sharq.
He said some of the companies took up work "beyond their capacity", while others suffered because building materials became expensive.
The escalating cost of building materials led to the failure of contractors to manage their respective projects with the payments they received in instalments from Ashghal, he added in comments published by The Peninsula on Monday.
Other reasons for delays included late changes to project designs which hit the contractors hard.
Al Moulvi, discussing the project delays, told Al Sharq: "We should also take some blame with the contracting companies. It is not entirely their fault."
When asked if Ashghal had not been hard enough on contractors to get the job done, he added: "As a matter of policy we do not believe in penalising contractors unless driven to the wall because our focus is on seeing a project completed without compromising on quality."For all the latest construction news from the UAE and Gulf countries, follow us on Twitter and Linkedin, like us on Facebook and subscribe to our YouTube page, which is updated daily.
Subscribe to Arabian Business' newsletter to receive the latest breaking news and business stories in Dubai,the UAE and the GCC straight to your inbox.


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Manufacturer: LAINCHBURY
Model: No 42
Item Number: 9048
Year of Manufacture:
Condition: Good
Raddle chain Conveyers in Timber casings rated at 20 TPH. 1 of 27m , 1 of 7m & 1 of 5m. Also a 9m and a 6m Belt & bucket Elevator. All Single phase removed Ready to collect


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Fort Osage High School Links
Any website that provides information about FOHS can be listed on this page. Use the form to have a site checked to see if it can be included in this list of Fort Osage High links.
Fort Osage High websites
There are currently no links at this time.
Please note: If you operate a site relating to Fort Osage High School, please include a link back to this alumni site. Here is the html code for the link:
Fort Osage High School alumni


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Law and Society Division
Deadline: 1/31/19
The Law and Society Division announces its 2019 Lindesmith Graduate Student Paper Competition. Papers may be empirical or theoretical, and they may be on any aspect of law and society. To be eligible, a paper must have been written during 2018, and at the time of submission, it may not be published, accepted for publication, or under review for publication. Papers that have been presented at a professional meeting or accepted for presentation at a professional meeting are eligible. Papers must be student-authored; they can be single-authored or co-authored by students, but may not be co-authored by a faculty member or other non-student. Papers may be submitted to only ONE division of SSSP per year. Submissions made to multiple divisions will be disqualified. Previous winners are not eligible. Please submit in MS Word. There is a 25-page limit, including all notes, references, and tables. Submissions should use 12-size font, one-inch margins, and double spacing throughout. Send papers and a cover letter specifying that the paper is to be considered in the SSSP Law and Society Division Lindesmith Graduate Student Paper Competition electronically to: Dr. Felicia Arriaga at In addition, authors are required to submit their papers through the annual meeting Call for Papers online system. The winner will be announced in Spring 2019. The winner will receive a $75 stipend, a plaque of recognition, and is eligible to present the paper at the 2019 annual meeting in New York City with SSSP membership and conference registration paid by SSSP.
Deadline: 1/31/19
The Law and Society Division announces the 2019 Sutherland Book Award Competition. The primary purpose of this award is to focus on excellence in scholarship within the study of law and society. Eligible books must have been published in 2017 or 2018. Authors may nominate their own work and multiple-authored books are acceptable. All nominees must be members of the SSSP. Please email Dr. Katie Durante at to arrange for shipment of three copies of the nominated book and submission of a letter of nomination.


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The #EnergyUnion – From vision to reality
The fourth report on the State of the Energy Union shows that the European Commission has fully delivered on its vision of an Energy Union strategy guaranteeing accessible, affordable, secure, competitive and sustainable energy for all Europeans. Europe is already a global leader in fighting climate change.
European policies implemented over the last five years in all policy areas have put the EU on the right track to fully embrace the clean energy transition, seizing the economic opportunities that it offers, creating growth and jobs and a healthier environment for consumers.
Energy Union Vice President Maroš Šefčovič said: "The Energy Union is Europe at its best: tackling together the big energy security and energy transition we can't solve within national borders. From the daunting challenge of the energy transition we made an economic opportunity for all Europeans. To do this, we had to truly transform our energy and climate policies: not just tweaks at the margins but systemic change. No member state could have delivered on its own. Our report shows how all the Energy Union measures combine to make our policy fit for the future."
Climate Action and Energy Commissioner Miguel Arias Cañete said: "Europe has now in place the world's most ambitious and advanced climate and energy framework. We agreed all the legislation to meet our 2030 targets, with higher targets for renewables and energy efficiency. But the Energy Union is more than rules and policies: we mobilised record levels of clean energy investments in Europe, we brokered the Paris Agreement and triggered its quick entry into force, we further integrated the European energy market, and we set a long-term vision for climate neutral Europe by 2050." The report is accompanied by two documents showing progress made in renewable energy and energy efficiency. In parallel the Commission is also putting forward a report on the implementation of the strategic action plan on batteries and a communication for more efficient and democratic decision making in EU energy and climate policy.
A press release and a Q&A are available online. More information can be found on the website.
Category: A Frontpage, Energy, Energy market, Energy security, EU, European Commission


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On July 11th, 2008, at the Canadian High Commission in Tanzania, representatives from the education and cultural sectors, the news media, as well as publishers, editors and authors, joined CODE's partner organization, the Children's Book Project, and officials at the Canadian High Commission to celebrate the announcement of a new African Literature Award.
This award, coined the Burt Award for African Literature, is sponsored by CODE and has been in development for the last few months. Made possible through the generous support of an individual Canadian and CODE supporter, Bill Burt, it's an award that was created to contribute to developing the language skills and the love of reading among Tanzanian youth for years to come.
Speaking to the Children's Book Project's Executive Secretary, Pilli Dumea, hours after the event, her excitement about the award was palpable. She reported that publishers, writers, and Ministry of Education officials are truly excited about this opportunity and they commended Canada's and in particular CODE's long-term support to education, literacy and the development of a reading culture in their country.
Tanzania has prioritized education in the last 8 years and has accomplished major achievements in the education sector, including the improved transition rate from primary to secondary school from 22% in 2000 to 67% in 2006. However, students who go on past primary school face a challenge as they transition from Kiswahili to English-language medium of instruction for secondary school, which ultimately has an affect on their success.
In 2007 Mr. Burt visited CODE's partner organization in Ethiopia and his experience there helped solidify his belief that the availability of compelling, locally written, English language novels for adolescents will help youth strengthen their English language and reading skills and therefore improve their secondary school learning outcomes and performance. This is in line with CODE's belief that there is a need to have a wide-range of appropriate and relevant reading materials available to foster a literate environment.
The announcement at the High Commission and advertisements in the media constituted an invitation for Tanzanian authors to submit English-language, original, thought-provoking manuscripts which engage and captivate youth. The competition is open for 6 months or so at which time a panel of judges made up of representatives of the publishing industry and education sector will convene to assess the manuscripts and select the three winners who will be awarded cash prizes.
Winning manuscripts will be edited and published by Tanzania publishers and then sold commercially, as well as distributed to CODE-supported schools and libraries throughout the country. It's expected that these award-winning titles will soon become widely known and available in the country, and beyond, and that the Burt Award titles will contribute to the growing body of exceptional African literature.
As CODE's Tanzanian Program Manager I have the pleasure to work with a team of dedicated and talented Tanzanians everyday. I'm often inspired by their ability to engage those around them in the importance of education. This week that's been especially true as this new and exciting Book Award was announced.
- Christine Earnshaw, CODE Program Manager


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Religious Radicals, Terror and Fundamentalism
Terror seems to have become the norm, even outside of the Middle East. Most often it seems to be caused by radical Islamist, making people suspicious of Muslims as a whole.
The reactions are often typical. There are those wanting to see the terror attacks as being representative for Islam and most Muslims. If not specifically, then at least as a hypothetical threat originating from Muslims as a whole, a reason to be suspicious of them as a group. And then there are those, who refuse to see this as linked to Islam at all, insisting that it has nothing to do with the religion, but rather is being done by a group of people, who totally miss the idea of Islam, taking the religion (and its followers) hostage, if not outright claiming that the terrorists are some conspiracy of shadowy figures, most often Israel or the States.
The truth, I suspect, is found in neither of those positions. I would rather suggest, that what we see is a religious modern phenomenon, namely fundamentalism, not only found in Islam, but also in several of the other world religions, even if it is not seen in the same level of extremity as is the case with for example ISIS. There are reasons as to why this approach would be fitting, for example the use of terror as a tool.
First, terror, while seemingly being the preferred tool among most Islamic fundamentalist movements, is not the only tool used. There are a number of tools, such as political activism, social activism, and the use of PR to promote the fundamentalist agenda. At the same time terror is a tool that is not only used by Islamic fundamentalists, but has been used extensively by ideological extremists through time. If terror should be specifically Islamic, why have we seen it used by non-Muslims then? Some people might argue here, that they are not claiming that terror is specifically Islamic, but that Islam embraces terror and that we only see Muslims use terror. This claim can be caused by ignorance of the many terror attacks committed by non-Muslims for other causes, that have nothing to do with Islam. We have for example a number of Jewish or Christian terror attacks, or a number of terror attacks committed by political non-religious movements or organizations. As a matter of fact, the earliest examples of terror in the United States, had no religious connotations.
Second, considering that terror is "only" a tool, it might be more crucial to look at what motivates the usage of this tool. Though terror might seem random, this is rarely the case. No one uses terror merely to use it, there is always an agenda behind, even when used by the anarchists in the States and in Russia, in the beginning of the last century. When we look at modern religious terrorism, we also see a number of different agendas, whether it is to destabilize a society, intimidate an enemy from certain actions, or something different again. Therefore the main focus shouldn't be on terror, if we want to relate to the reasons. For example, stating that Islam is the biggest threat, cannot be argued to be based on the use of terror. We need to see beyond this to understand, why Islam would be the biggest threat, as far as we agree with this notion. The fact that we experience a huge number of Muslim citizens in Western countries, who are both active and constructive participants in their respective societies, should be a hint that Islam as such, is not a threat. If we base our conclusion on the minority within the Muslim communities, then we need to do so in all cases. Are Judaism then a problem in Israel and the territories, based on Jews using terror? Obviously not.
Third, when we look at those religious groups, who are using terror as a tool, we will be able to see them having a lot of characteristics in common, even if they are expressed differently. That is for example the refusal of the secular society, the insistence on only one certain interpretation of their religion being correct, a dualistic world view, the infallibility of their religious texts, and a certain selective approach to these texts and the world they try to interpret through them. For some it is also common to express Messianic ideas, but this is less common.
Some might here point out, that there are religious groups and movements, who seem to inherit these characteristics, without necessarily using violence. This is correct, and that is exactly the point. Terror is a tool, not an ideology. Depending on the respective fundamentalist movements outlook, this tool might or might not be embraced, as well as used in different ways. The goal is the same, the destruction of the secular society, in order for a religious society based on the respective movement's interpretation of its respective religion. In this new religious society there is only room for the righteous believers as citizens, with those not being of this group either being accepted as tolerated citizens – in the best case scenario, or caused to disappear, either by extermination, forced conversion or expulsion – in worst case scenario.
Here we need some definitions, particularly the terms "terrorism" and "fundamentalism". For the sake of the further discussion, it is also necessary to define "radicalization", since being a fundamentalist is – as we have seen – a matter of how we understand the world around us and ourselves in it, while radicalization is a matter of our state of being. In their book, "The Psychology of Radicalization and Terrorism", Willem Koomen and Joop Van Der Pligt, have some fair definitions of radicalization and terror respectively. Radicalization, they let us know, is "the development of a belief in opinions, views and ideas that might well result in a person committing acts of terror", whereas terror is "the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence to attain a political, economic, religious or social goal through fear, coercion or intimidation" (which is based on the Global Terrorism Database – GTD).
Fundamentalism, as defined by Gabriel A. Almond, R. Scott Appleby, and Emmanuel Sivan, in their book "Strong Religion: The Rise of Fundamentalism around the World", "refers to a discernible pattern of religious militance by which self-styled 'true believers' attempt to arrest the erosion of religious identity, fortify the borders of the religious community, and create viable alternatives to secular institutions and behaviors."
The difference here is that radicalization is not necessarily religious, while fundamentalism is not necessarily radicalized, even if the two often is seen going hand in hand.
So how should we understand ISIS and their actions in all this? First and foremost, as we see in the definition of fundamentalism, it is based on a fear of the "erosion of religious identity", leading to and attempt to "fortify the borders of the religious community", and by that to "create viable alternatives to secular institutions and behaviors". We see this being expressed through their attempt to establish an "Islamic state" in Syria and Iraq, in order to create an alternative for the believing Muslims. The battle over the religious identity though, is not only fought against the Western countries and the ideas of secularism, but also against other Muslims.
This is a point that many of the proponents of ISIS equaling Islam seem to miss, even in the claims that ISIS is representing the "true Islam" (and ironically supporting ISIS by doing this). Most of ISIS' attacks are directed against other Muslims, in order to consolidate the right to define "Islam". Of interest is the matter that they are fighting other Islamic fundamentalist movements in this "war of Islam", among the more noteworthy ones the Shi'as being represented by Iran and Hizbullah on the battle field. This is a sectarian dimension that isn't new to Islam. What is new is the brutal enforcing of ISIS' insisting of "complete Islam" in the conquered areas, where a number of non-Muslim groups have been either expelled, taken into slavery or killed. While there have been cases like this through history – for example with the Almohad conquerors from Morocco in the 12th century – this is an anomaly in Islamic history. This can be seen as an attempt on what Almond et.al describes as "strengthening the enclave", that is, creating a closed community where outsiders are not welcome in any way, in order to consolidate the religion (or religious identity).
It is noteworthy that ISIS is not only punishing people who are not Muslim, or who are Shi'a-Muslims, but even Sunnis who are not Sunnis the "correct" way. There are often reports of Muslims being killed, because they are not acting in what ISIS deem an appropriate Islamic way. We see that this is more than merely insisting on the correct faith – something that was enough for the Almohads, with few exceptions – but also on the correct behavior, down to the smallest details. This is also typical of enclaves as described by Almond et.al., and can be seen in other fundamentalist enclaves as well, such as in the Jewish Ultra-Orthodox societies. Obviously the punishments differ, but the end goal is the same; to make the believers succumb the requirements of behavior, so there will be no dissent – or at least as little as possible.
This insistence stands in stark contrast to a general acceptance of pluralist religious expressions historically found in Muslim countries. True, there have been exceptions, but those reminding us of what we see here, are few and stand out precisely because they are so radical in nature.
Obviously Muslim societies can't be compared to Western democratic societies when it comes to the embrace of pluralism and individual expressions, maybe except a few cases. And it would be wrong to believe that what ISIS did in Nice is an attempt on punishing incorrect behavior. We should rather see it as a strategical attempt to strengthen the enclave, as well as showing strength. By the first I mean that they are trying to create a barrier between Western Muslims and non-Muslims. ISIS know fully well of the growing negative attitudes to Muslims in the West. Several surveys attest of a general negative feeling, when it comes to Muslims, found among the non-Muslim majority in Europe. This is what they are playing on, trying to expand on this and creating a negative reaction against Muslims. This will cause what is described by Almond et. al. as a "push", that is, a situation where people are pushed into the enclave. Obviously this alone does not secure the Muslim populations in Europe to come running to the arms of ISIS, but it will strengthen the alienation between Muslims and non-Muslims. ISIS can then use "pull" in order to convince Muslims that they are right, and pulling in Muslims who have become radicalized.
Many might argue that it should be clear, that what ISIS does is wrong, even for Muslims, so obviously the case described above is too simplified and is only an attempt to argue, that we should embrace Muslims or at least not criticize Islam.
Yes and no, obviously the explanation is simplified. When we are dealing with causes behind radicalization – and I believe that this is one issue, people in the West are not totally understanding – it is obviously more complex. Yes, Islam can be the setting for the radicalized person, but Islam is not the reason he is being radicalized.
First and foremost, while most people can see that victims "on the other side" can be at least partially innocent, often they explain the cause as in some way being their own fault, or excuse it in some other way. When ISIS is committing terror in Europe, the reaction will be criticism from the non-Muslim majority against Islam or Muslims as a whole, if not for being accomplices or supporting of the acts, then at least not acting enough against it, even if this can be done merely by condemning the actions. There is a general demand, that Muslims should condemn the terror – loudly – or accept that people will view them suspiciously. This will in turn create a negative reaction from the Muslims, having them feeling threatened, if not physically, then at least as being turned into the outcasts of society. Koomen and Der Pligt explains the consequences of this:
"… past research has shown that when people feel threatened – due to, say, critical feedback about their performance – they tend to stereotype more and to stereotype more negatively… When relationships between groups are strained or hostile, the desire to understand the other is usually suppressed in favour of promoting a positive image of oneself or one's own group."
Add to that how the target-group perceive of what is being said about them, which is described as "meta-stereotypes". When the target-group believes that the majority is conceiving them in context of a number of negative stereotypes, they are in turn "inclined to display criminal, aggressive or antisocial behaviour." On top of that they seek to justify this behavior, as well as expressing greater support for extremism – here it would be Muslim extremism. The result is that "[i]n combination with prejudice, then, a negative metastereotype can sometimes generate a highly undesirable response."
This is not only the case with Muslims, but is seen also with other religious groups (as well as ethnic and political groups). In Israel the same can be seen both with Jewish Ultra-Orthodox fundamentalists, as well as religious-Zionist fundamentalists, where there is an interest to establish a negative mutual perception between the fundamentalist enclave and the majority-society. The terror might not be as common or extensive, as is the case with ISIS, but it exist. There have been few cases with Christian fundamentalist violence in the States and other places, in the recent decades, but examples do exist, such as attacks on abortion clinics.
In conclusion, with all this in mind we should focus on what makes the Western pluralist societies so attractive and strong. Anger and frustration are natural reactions to terror, and we all feel it. It can be hard to deal with or let out, in a sensible way, but no matter how angry and frustrated we are, we need to be sensible, particularly if we want to prevent the situation to grow worse in the future. Western societies are based on the democratic notion of each citizen being master of his own choices and fortune. The legal systems are based on innocence until proven guilty, and each person only being responsible for his/her own actions and/or expressions. We can't allow ourselves to ignore or forget this foundation, whenever tragedy strikes. These principles are not only for Christians, Jews, Atheist, etc. but also for Muslims. When we are lashing out against the broader Muslim community, we are helping ISIS. It does not mean that we should stop criticizing religion, even Islam, when needed, but we should be sensible about doing it and understand that when we insist that one group of Muslims – particularly such a brutal fundamentalist one as ISIS – has the sole correct interpretation of Islam, we are doing ourselves a great disservice.


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The Traditionist
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Singer songwriter Joey Barro is the Traditionist. His songs are rooted in the folkrock-minded past of the sixties and seventies. While the influences are clear, he does not set out to replicate the originals, but to acknowledge and update them. The songs are deeply rooted and personal, but the orchestration and instrumentation progressively varies from song to song, and record to record.