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Scientific grade hyperspectral data from UAV platforms
Hyperspectral imaging from UAVs has in some fields been discredited as poorly performing systems have been used, and general conclusions on the quality of hyperspectral imaging from UAVs have been drawn on this basis. The following will explain how and why scientific grade hyperspectral data acquisition from UAVs is indeed possible today, and that HySpex Molnir is currently the only truly scientific grade hyperspectral imaging solution for UAV platforms.
Obtaining scientific grade data from a UAV platform will require:
- High-end hyperspectral camera, fetauring:
- Sharp optics and low distortions
- Low stray light
- Low F# optics (high throughput)
- Detector with high speed and low noise floor
- Good SNR across the full spectral range
- Stable and traceable calibration
- Stable Platform (Roll, pitch heading stabilization)
- High performance INS and good boresight calibration for direct georeferencing
- Operational parameters
Many of these points are impossible to compare by simply comparing data sheets and brochures and requires a detailed investigation of real data, test reports or attending a live demo to make a relevant comparison of data quality and operational readiness.
High-end hyperspectral camera
It can be difficult to distinguish a high from a low quality solutions based only on standard marketing material. The following, will elaborate on some quality parameters for hyperspectral cameras that are important to be aware of when choosing a sensor for a given application. Some points are generic for any hyperspectral camera, while others are specific for UAV applications.
Sharp optics and low distortions
HySpex Mjolnir offer extremely sharp optics per pixel and per spectral band for both the VNIR and SWIR spectral range. The V-1240 has 1240 spatial pixels and 400 bands, and the spatial resolution (FWHM) is as low as 1.1 times the spatial sampling. Spectrally, the resolution (FWHM) at 400 bands is 1.5 times the spectral sampling across the whole FOV and spectral range, yielding extremely sharp images. With these specifications, the cameras have less than 10% of a band smile and less than 10% of a pixel keystone.
The S-620 has 620 spatial pixels and 300 spectral bands in the SWIR spectral range. The sharpness, keystone and smile effect is comparable or even better than the V-1240. The keystone and smile specifications of a hyperspectral system are some of the most important specifications of a hyperspectral camera. At the same time, they are among the parameters that get overlooked most frequently in a selection phase.
Keystone in a data set will generate unphysical spectra.
A camera, specified to have 1240 pixels should be expected to be able to record 1240 unique and correct spectral signatures – reproducing the real radiance from each pixel in the scene.
Some suppliers offer solutions specified to have 50% or more keystone. A camera with 50% keystone, will acquire data where 50% of the spectral signature in a given pixel originates from the pixel next to it. This is different from the linear mixture of two spectral signatures recorded by a pixel containing two different objects.
The keystone effect in the data will have some part of the spectral signature coming from one of the objects, while other parts of the spectra have a 50% influence from the object next to it – in essence generating an unphysical spectral signature. This effect will effectively reduce the spatial resolution, and larger objects are required to to get one pure pixel. Keystone will also introduce effects like mis-identification/classification or false alarms in your data product.
Stray Light
Another important limitation that some sensors suffer from is straylight – especially in the blue region. A sensor having a lot of straylight, can often be identified in the data as a blueish haze in the images, together with incorrect radiance and reflectance values. So again, ask for test report and sample data before selecting a sensor.
Low F# optics
The more spatial pixels and spectral bands a camera has, the less light reaches each pixel/band. Thus, a high resolution hyperspectral imaging system should be very light sensitive. For UAV employment, and especially for fixed wing UAV platforms, the camera is moving at a very high speed relative to the flying altitude. This implies that the camera should be run very fast – resulting in a low integration time (exposure time). Hence, a low F# is important for the camera to ensure as much light on each pixel as possible, resulting in an SNR as high as possible for the operational requirements.
Mjolnir V-1240 has F1.8 optics and Mjolnir S-620 has F1.9.
A low F# requires both larger optics and mechanics, as well as more complex optics to maintain sharp images with low distortions. At the same time, it is of great importance for UAV employments that the camera should be small. The Mjolnir design has focused on reaching the best trade-off between data quality and size/weight, with the main emphasis on maintaining true scientific grade data quality.
Detector with high speed and low noise floor
A small hyperspectral systems will smaller pixel pitch on the detector, than larger camera. This implies a smaller full well (charge capacity) on the detector pixels. In combination with having a high light throughput in the optics, it is also important to have a very low noise floor (read noise) on the detector. Lower noise floor means higher dynamic range in the images.
As an example, the Mjolnir V-1240 has 2.3 electrons noise floor. Assume this system is mounted on a fixed wing UAV flying at low altitude (i.e. short integration time), with a low sun angle yielding very challenging conditions with a lot of shadows. In the aquired data, the signal acquired from the shaded scene generates 24 photoelctrons in one pixel and band. Mjolnir V-1240, with the 2.3 electrons noise floor, will have an SNR of 10.43 for this signal. A noisier system, however, with e.g. 13 electrons read noise, will only have an SNR of 1.85, if all other parameters are identical.
Good SNR across the full spectral range
A smaller pixel pitch (to scale down the system size) means smaller full well, compared to systems with larger pitch. A smaller full well will give a smaller peak SNR. Peak SNR is approximately the square root of the full well if the noise floor is small. The full well of the detector used for V-1240 is about 10000 electrons, yielding a peak SNR of approximately 100 in the native sensor resolution. To get higher SNR, the dispersion in the camera covers more bands than the output cube. This is a good solution if the read noise is sufficiently low. For Mjolnir V-1240, 3.24 pixels are binned together, which effectively increase the full well with a factor 3.24. The peak SNR is thus about 180 at the full output resolution (1240 pixels x 400 bands). This will of course increase the readout noise; however, not more than approximately 4.14 electrons – which is still very good. The peak SNR alone, is of limited use as it only indicates the maximum SNR obtained in a band that is close to saturation, but the total quantum efficiency of the whole system as a function of wavelength is also needed.
To obtain really useful information, the SNR curve needs to be specified for a given input radiance and a given (and operationally realistic) integration time. This information should be part of any test report for any system. A poorly designed system can be specified for the full range 400-1000nm, and have a decent peak SNR in the middle of the spectral range, but still be unusable for several tens of nanometers at the start and end of the spectral range. A qualitative assessment of the SNR characteristics can be done by viewing single band images at the edges of the spectral range of the system, as shown in the figure below.
Stable and traceable calibration
It is very important that the radiometric calibration is traceable to e.g. NIST or PTB standards, and the calibration procedures and standards used (including their accuracies) should be available for the users.
To achieve good absolute orthorectification accuracies (on the order of the pixel size, i.e. ~2.7cm at 100m altitude for Mjolnir) the sensor manufacturer must supply a very precise sensormodel as part of the calibration data. A precise sensor models is key for direct georeferencing.
Any hyperspectral system needs to maintain a stable and accurate radiometric and spectral calibration outside a controlled environment. A perfect calibration at the factory is worthless if this is not stable after transport and during operations. This means that the spectral, radiometric and geometric calibration must be stable with different temperatures, pressures and when exposed to heavy vibrations.
HySpex Mjolnir cameras are tested in a climate chamber from -20 degrees to +50 degrees. For the S-620 system the FPA temperature is stabilized at 180K, since a low temperature is critical for the noise performance of MCT detectors. For VNIR cameras (using CMOS sensors) thermal effects on the sensor is also accounted for, ensuring accurate radiometric calibration, even when the ambient temperature varies. Each instrument produced also goes through a rough vibration test program to ensure that the system remains stable after leaving our facilities.
Stable Platform (Roll, pitch heading stabilization)
There are two main categories of UAV platforms:
- Rotor/copter solutions, and
- fixed wing solutions.
Copter solutions (usually octocopter) is a very good platform that gives the user full control of all the flight parameters. The altitude, speed and direction can easily be adjusted, giving great flexibility optimizing integration time and frame rate. Copter solutions also require less logistics to fly than the fixed wing solutions and usually can carry more payload compared to the overall size. However, rotary UAVs typically have a shorter flight time than the fixed wing solutions. Another disadvantage is that the platform is exposed to significant vibrations during flight and that the system is doing a lot of high-frequency rolling and pitching to try to stay level. To compensate for this, a high-quality gimbal is recommended, which is illustrated in the figure below.
As is evident form the images above, a gimbal is highly recommended for a copter platform. Today there is no problem getting an octocopter platform that can carry the combined VNIR and SWIR solution (Mjolnir VS-620) with gimbal and being in total below the 25Kg limit and flying around 20-30 minutes. The Mjolnir solutions have been tested and integrated on several different platforms and our portfolio of qualified platforms is expanding. Integration on new platforms is generally straightforward. Fixed wing solutions can usually fly relatively long, they are more stable when it comes to rolling and pitching and using a gimbal is not as important as for a copter solution. The disadvantages are that usually you often have a very confined space for the payload and need more space for take-off and landing. Another limitation with fixed wing solutions is the flight speed vs altitude. For the UAV to fly you usually need a speed of around 20-25m/s. If you are limited to for example max altitude of 150m above ground, you would need to run your system at very high frame rates which will basically limit the max integrationtime you can use and therefore also SNR in the images. For higher altitude flights with longer range and higher coverage requirements the fixed wing solution is more attractive.
High performance INS and good boresight calibration for direct georeferencing
A commond assumption or misunderstanding is that you need ground control points in every flight line to get good absolute position accuracies in the orthorectified images. This is not the case. If you have a very good geometric characterization (sensormodel) and a stable system and a good INS you can do direct georeferencing with very high absolute position accuracies. To get good direct georeferencing results you need the following:
- High performance INS system
- Good GPS antenna
- Avoid interference from motors/speed-controllers on the navigation system and antenna,
- Alignment of INS
- Accurate boresight calibration
- High resolution DEM
- Mechanical stability between sensor and INS
- Accurate sensormodel
This is an optimal layout of the boresight site. There are yellow markings on the road that are measured with a DGPS with around 2cm accuracies in X and Y and 5cm in Z. As you can see we have tilted the flight path so that the GCPs enters the FOV in left side and exits the FOV in the right side. Since we have a hyperspectral camera, the yellow points can easily be detected automatically and that makes it easy to do the actual boresight calibration.. For the site above we achieved 9mm accuracy in X and Y direction after rectification. As mentioned above you need a high-performance INS to do direct georeferencing with high accuracy. HySpex normally provides a fully integrated solution with the Applanix APX-15 UAV INS. Mjolnir systems can also be delivered without an internal INS solution (using your existing INS system) In this case, the only interface between Mjolnir and the external INS will be an event signal coming from the Mjolnir system to have full control of timing and synchronization.
Operational parameters and training
The Mjolnir system is a completely self-contained system including hyperspectral sensor, INS, high performance (i7) onboard computer, and link for remote control, with everything ruggedly mounted inside a single chassis with easy interface to the selected gimbal solution. The ground station and SW gives full control of all relevant sensor parameters as well as real time previews on the ground station.
The system also has an external IO connector containing externally available 12V power, trigger and a second event input. This makes it very easy to integrate with other hardware like an RGB camera, thermal camera, LIDAR etc.
As for any system, you would need to operate the systems in the best way for your operational scenario to achieve the highest data quality. At NEO we always offer comprehensive training for the hyperspectral camera and the UAV operation. Different flight campaigns may have different sets of operational requirements (e.g. spatial resolution, size of area) and it is very important that the user has a good tool to define the correct flight parameters to match the operational requirement. The tool must identify the correct parameters to get optimal dynamic range and SNR in the images. A good training program and good tools for flight planning and optimization of camera parameters ensures that the user is able to operate the camera correctly and optimize the operational parameters (integrationtime, frame rate, flight speed, altitude, overlap, etc) in order to achieve the best SNR and overall data quality.
The keystone effect and its influence on classification results
Every industrial hyperspectral detector on the market can distinguish between an apple and a tomato due to their different spectral signatures, and the typically large number of pixels available on each object. Will this still be the case if the apple and the tomato were only a few pixels large?
The keystone specification of any hyperspectral system is one of the most important parameters defining its usability. However, it is also the most overlooked parameter during the selection phase. Keystone introduces a spatial misregistration problem between the spectral bands. It means that the spectral information in an image pixel is made up by parts of the spectra from different spatial positions on the scene around that pixel. In essence, keystone in the data will generate unphysical spectra that does not correspond to the objects in the image.
Evaluating the performance of a hyperspectral camera based only on the nominal specifications can be very hard. It is common to encounter misleading keystone values and it is not uncommon to find values for keystone in datasheets defined simply as "low" or "negligible", either. This hardly provides useful information by itself, so it is preferred to define it as a percentage of the pixel size e.g. 10% of a pixel (or supply a keystone map of the whole sensor). Some, of the many different suppliers of hyperspectral cameras, offer solutions with nominal keystone values in the range of 10% to 75% of the pixel size (some even try to make it look smaller by defining it as e.g. ±35%), and even higher values for less robust systems.
Suppose that a pushbroom-scanning hyperspectral camera is being used, with e.g. 1240 nominal pixels specified in the datasheet and that the keystone in the system is, misleadingly, simply defined as "low". Without further information, the ability to record up to 1240 unique and correct spectral signatures per scanned spatial line, thus reproducing the real radiance from each pixel in the scene, should be expected. Further assume that there are two objects in the scene, positioned next to each other and that these objects are spectrally different. Should "low" in this case, really mean 75% keystone, 75% of the energy in the most misaligned bands is coming from the pixel next to it. Note, that this is not the same scenario as one pixel containing two different objects, resulting in a linear mixture of two spectral signatures. With keystone in the data, some part of the spectral signature will come from one of the objects, while other parts of the spectra will have a 75% influence from the object next to it - giving an unphysical spectral signature. The keystone effect will effectively reduce the spatial resolution, as larger objects will be needed to get one pure pixel – one that is not influenced by the surrounding ones. This will obviously introduce effects like misidentification, misclassification and false alarms in this data product.
So, is low keystone distortion something that should only be expected in a scientific-grade camera? Is low keystone distortion only needed for high-end research, or is low keystone a requirement also in e.g. an industrial camera? Consider e.g. sorting of recycled glass. A major problem in the glass recycling business is that glass-ceramics (transparent and colored) are being put in the recycling containers for normal glass. When the recycled glass is melted, large glass-ceramic pieces (> 2mm) will not melt at the same temperature as the float (normal) glass, causing defects in the finished product. Such impurities could also destroy or damage the glass cutters and other equipment along the process.
To effectively remove the glass-ceramics that could potentially destroy a recycling batch, it is required to detect contamination pieces as small as 2 mm. Suppose a 1 m wide conveyor belt is being used to transport the cullet at 1 m/s. To stay above the Nyquist resolution limit a camera with a 1000fps speed or more is needed. Additionally, a camera with 1000 or more spatial pixels is needed to get two pixels per 2mm object in the across track direction.
Using actual data, collected from a recycling facility, the spectra from 3 different glass-ceramics pieces will look e.g. like the samples selected below:
Additionally, we have the spectra from 4 different recycled float glass types (green glass, brown glass, transparent – with weak blue component – and grey glass):
By creating an artificial scene with glass- ceramics samples that are 1, 2, 3 and 4 pixels large and all have the float glass spectra as background, the effect of keystone can be demonstrated:
In this example, an infinitely sharp camera is being used - i.e. the PSF is not considered and the objects are perfectly centered on the pixel in both X and Y direction. In a real scene, these factors must obviously also be considered when selecting the correct pixel resolution for the camera.
Adding 10%, 30% and 75% keystone to the scene, the resulting RGB preview of the objects is shown in the figure below. Note that keystone has only been added in the horizontal directions, so there will be no distortions in the vertical direction.
As can be seen, the keystone is making some changes in the pixels that are visible in the RGB bands, but will it affect any classification results - e.g. a simple classification algorithm such as "Spectral Angle Mapper" (SAM)? This algorithm determines the multidimensional angle between two different spectra. The smaller the angle the more similar they are. With this algorithm, different threshold values can be set for the angles corresponding to the difference between the spectrum of the object to detect and the other objects that are in the scene. In this example, only the default angle in ENVI (0.1) is being used.
Running SAM on the original image, without keystone gives the following results:
All the objects in the scene are detected unambiguously.
Repeating the exercise, attempting to detect the same objects in the data with 10%, 30% and 75% keystone, yields the following results:
In this case, 10% of keystone does not change the results, even for the single pixel objects. For a system with 30% keystone, the contribution of the effect is starting to be obvious. Looking in detail, with the Float1(yellow) background, all the Ceramic pieces are detected, but some of the border pixels are left unclassified (black pixels in the SAM image). For this application, where glass-ceramics is the detection target, that would not matter, but in other applications, Float1 could have been the target, and a one-pixel object would have been missed.
Looking at the Float2 background section (white background), it is noticeably more border pixels missing, but the glass-ceramic pieces are classified correctly. With Float3 as background (magenta), 30% keystone has no influence on the classified result. On the other hand, for Float4 as background (brown), the detection is starting to fail and the objects are no longer classified correctly. Note that this is with only 30% keystone. Furthermore, one pixel on the Ceramic3 is no longer classified correctly, and there are some wrong border pixels on Ceramic2 as well.
Continuing to the last case, with 75% keystone, the amount of classification errors has increased noticeably: Ceramic 2 classifies as Float3, Ceramic2 classifies as Ceramic1, Ceramic1 classifies as Ceramic2 and many of the glass-ceramic pixels are not belonging to any classification class. The worst case is Ceramic2 on Float2 background, where only one pixel on the 3-pixel object is classified correctly and 4 pixels are wrongly classified (in the object and at the borders).
From this simple example, it is evident that the keystone introduces huge errors in data that would result in a significant number of missed objects and many false alarms. As mentioned above, a camera with a large keystone value, will effectively have reduced spatial resolution - meaning that higher resolution is needed to get one pure pixel if the keystone amount is the same per pixel.
As shown above, keystone will corrupt the results when the spectra that is to be detected in known. Since keystone is basically creating unphysical spectra, it will also corrupt other commonly used algorithms such as Anomaly Detection (CRX) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
With the latter, a benchmark is needed to assess how the PCA is corrupted by the keystone. Using a scene where there is a horizontal displacement of the object relative to the pixels, gives a linear mixture of two objects (spectra) without any unphysical spectra being generated (as mentioned above). To compare with the keystone effect, PCA bands 2,3 and 4 will be used to generate false-color image for the image with objects being displaced 75% of a pixel and finally with the scene imaged with 75% keystone.
Using this method, Ceramic1 and Ceramic2 cannot be easily distinguished where the scene is imaged with 75% keystone. Also, the background colors for float 1, 2, 3 and 4, has changed, indicating that the unphysical spectras have rotated the PCA into a new direction.
For the different hyperspectral camera technologies there are different origins of the keystone effect, making it important to understand the design of the sensor to be used – should reliable information on keystone values not be available. Also, it should be noted that essentially all instruments will be affected by keystone to some degree. Any misalignment between the bands will cause errors like those described above. As an example, an increasing number of commercially available systems are offered with a common slit combining the VNIR and the SWIR spectral range. The main argument for using a common slit, is that both the VNIR and SWIR sensors are imaging the exact same spatial location at any given time. This allows for potentially very good co-registration between the VNIR and SWIR spectral ranges, if (and only if) the system is stable, both detectors are triggered with the same trigger and the same exposure time (integration time) is used. However, a common slit system with 75% keystone essentially eliminates all the arguments for having a common slit system in the first place, as there is already a 75% of a pixel misalignment between the bands. In this scenario, the data quality would be better if you use two separate instruments with low keystone (e.g. 10% of pixel size or better) and then make a precise geometric co-registration of the data. For airborne or UAV use, any dual camera configuration (not with common slit) with an accurate boresight calibration and characterization (and with a reliable, high-precision navigation system) should be able to get better than 30% of a pixel co-registration between the VNIR and SWIR spectral range. Provided that each of the spectral ranges have e.g. 10% keystone, the system will perform significantly better than a common slit system with 75% keystone.
To conclude, misalignment between bands can have many different origins and the errors in the data caused by this effect is not negligible. When acquiring a hyperspectral camera, it is imperative to have sufficient information about the distortions affecting the system. A serious supplier of hyperspectral imaging systems will always deliver a test report with the hyperspectral camera where effects like spectral and spatial resolution, keystone and smile effect, straylight, SNR as a function of wavelength, NER and so on are measured and characterized on the actual camera that is supplied. Using only Nyquist as a reference when selecting a camera (selecting a camera with 2 pixels per the smallest object you want to detect) will only be a good idea if the camera have very low keystone (< 10% of a pixel). For cameras with e.g. 75% keystone, you should have at least 4 pixels per smallest object that is to be detected - but keep in mind that even with a pure pixel from a 4 pixel object, the keystone effect will also introduce a lot of false alarms, which must be acceptable for the operational scenario.
Finally, an important specification for any hyperspectral camera is its stability and repeatability. Suppliers offering systems with high keystone levels (e.g. 50% or more), cannot at the same time claim that the system provides great stability and repeatability. A system with a lot of keystone will essentially never be repeatable, as the behavior of a pixel will change depending on the spectrum of the object in the pixel next to it - thus making it very unrepeatable.
Data quality: HySpex Mjolnir VS-620
In this post we would like to share some performance parameters of our Mjolnir VS-620 for UAV, field and airborne applications. (we recently also designed a 1m lens for lab applications)
In the past we have published an article about data quality from UAV applications, covering topics like; operating it correctly to the importance of having sharp optics: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/scientific-grade-hyperspectral-data-from-uav-platforms-trond-l%C3%B8ke/
In this article we will show you the measured key quality paramters of the VS-620 system. In the below table we list the top level specifications of the VS-620.
|HySpex VNIR-1024
|HySpex VNIR-1600
|HySpex VNIR-1800
|HySpex VNIR-3000n
|HySpex SWIR-384
|HySpex Mjolnir VS-620
|HySpex Mjolnir V-1240
|HySpex Mjolnir S-620
|HySpex Odin VS-1024
|Spectral range (nm)
|400 - 1000
|400 - 1000
|400 - 1000
|400 - 1000
|960 - 2500
|400 - 1000
|970 - 2500
|Spectral sampl. (nm)
|3.0 | 5.1
|3.0 | 6.1
|Spatial pixels
|Spectral channels
|Field of view (deg)
|Pixel FOV (mrad)
|Bit resolution (raw data)
|Noise floor (e-)
|2.34| 80
|2.4 | 150
|Dynamic range
|4400 | 10000
|37000 | 7500
|Peak SNR
|<180 | <900
|<500 | <1300
|Max speed (fps)
|180 | 450
|Power cons. (W)
|50 (with DAU/INS)
|50 (with DAU/INS)
|50 (with DAU/INS)
|Dimensions (cm)
|30.5 - 9.9 - 15
|36 - 9.9 - 15
|39 - 9.9 - 15
|39 - 9.9 - 15
|38 - 12 - 17.5
|37.4 - 20 - 17.8
|25 - 17.5 - 17
|114 - 43 - 73
|Weight (kg)
The table above actually does not tell you anything about how sharp your optics are relative to the pixels and bands. That's why in this article we will show the actual optical performance of the VS-620 data product. All plots below are taken out of the testreports that we deliver with every system.
Spatial Resolution
SWIR detectors are usually very expensive and have limited amount of pixel relative to the VNIR range. This is one of the reasons why its especially important to gather as much information as possible per pixel in this spectral range. Below we show the measured FWHM of the point spread function across track and for all wavelengths.
When we measure FWHM of such sharp systems we use the trapezoidal approximation of the FWHM, this is a very pessimistic way of measuring it, so in real life the actuall FWHM is even better than the plots.
As a conclusion for the S-620 the FWHM is sharper than 1.3 pixels everywhere in the FOV and for all bands.
In the plot below we show the FWHM of the spatial PSF of the V-1240.
The conclusion for the V-1240 is that this is also extremely sharp per pixel everywhere in the FOV and for the whole spectral range.
Spectral resolution
In the specifications you can see the number of bands in each camera module. To know more about how sharp spectral features the imaging spectrometer can resolve you need information about the spectral resolution (sharpness). To measure this, we calculate the FWHM of the spectral PSF for sharp spectral sources. The graph below shows the spectral FWHM for 12 narrow band sources across the spectral range for the S-620.
The graph below shows the spectral FWHM for 23 narrow band sources across the spectral range for the V-1240.
V-1240 and S-620 are very sharp per band for all wavelengths and across the FOV.
As explained in one of our previous articles on LinkedIn; The keystone specification of any hyperspectral system is one of the most important parameters defining its usability as an imaging spectrometer. However, it is also the most overlooked parameter during the selection phase (to read more: Keystone effect )
The keystone effect in the S-620 is shown below. To measure keystone we scan a point source, at infinity, through the whole FOV of the camera with steps of 1/100 of a pixel.
The S-620 has less than 5% of a pixel keystone everywhere in the FOV.
Below you can also see that the V-1240 have extremely low keystone values as well.
To measure the smile we use the same narrow band spectral sources as for the measurements for the spectral resolution. In the VS-620 data every band has one center-wavelength, the smile tells you how much the center of gravity of a spectral source would vary across the whole FOV. Below you see this curve for the 12 narrow band sources for the S-620.
This graph shows that you have less than 10% smile everywhere in the FOV for the S-620.
The graph below shows the smile for the 23 narrow band sources for the V-1240.
The V-1240 also show very small smile distortions (less than 10% of a band).
Signal-To-Noise Ratio (SNR)
When designing a small UAV camera you would typically use a compact camera/detector in the imaging spectrometer. To get as many spatial pixels and spectral bands as possible you would typically select a detector with small pixel pitch. In the V-1240 we use a very good detector with 3.45um pixel pitch and in the S-620 we use the first ever 10um pixel pitch MCT detector with exceptional performance. Smaller pixel pitch means smaller full well witch again means smaller peak SNR. Even with this small pixel pitch, the Mjolnir systems give you impressive SNR values. The S-620 have F1.9 optics while the V-1240 has F1.8 optics, this makes the Mjolnir very light sensitive as well. The SNR values will be given for the following incoming radiance:
The SNR values for S-620 without any binning (620 x 300) is shown below.
For the V-1240 you see the SNR curve below.
The SNR curve for VNIR is in the full resolution 1240 pixels x 200 bands, in the VS cube you will bin the cube 2 time across track and 2 times along track to exactly match the pixel size of the S-620, then you will get two times higher SNR, it peaks at 360.
Demonstration and sample data
The camera above is one of our demo units (SN5005 and SN7003). Since the first public demonstration during the EARSeL conference in Brno (Mjolnir at EASRSeL) this system have been going from one UAV campaign to the other, around the world. If you want us to come and do a demo at your site or if you are interested in any of the demo data that we have acquired, please contact us. Here is an example of 3 flight areas from the VS-620. They are georefernced in PARGE, developed by RESE. The system is boresight calibrated. Below you can see some false color RGB previews from some of our demos.
Preview from Canada using a Digital Surface Model (DSM) with 2cm accuracy so we got better than 1 pixel matching in the overlapping regions between the parallel lines using Direct Georeferncing with no GCPs on ground. (Nearest Neighbor resamling)
Antoher preview from Canada (Nearest Neighbor resamling):
Preview from Denver using a 1m DEM (Nearest Neighbor resamling):
Nyquist: Sharp optics per pixel or many pixels per PSF
There are extremely many reasons for making sharp optics per pixel and per band. For any given detector, with a given detector pitch, you will always get more information out of your imaging spectrometer with sharp optics (fact 1). Therefore, our current line of hyperspectral cameras are really sharp spectrally and spatially.
For any given optical system, you will always get more information out of the system, the more pixels you have per point spread function (PSF) (fact 2). When we come close to 2 bands FWHM in the spectral direction, HySpex have added a "N" to the name telling the used that this system has close to 2 bands PSF. This is to distinguish between our extremely sharp camera and our Nyquist cameras ("N"). Nyquist theorem states that "data must be sampled at least twice per cycle in order to reproduce it accurately". If we convert this to PSF thinking and pixels, it will be in this line: The PSF of any optical system should be samples with at least two pixels in order to reproduce it accurately.
There are many trade-offs when deciding what system to make. HySpex currently offer one system that have the "N" added to the name; the VNIR-3000N.
|Spectral range (nm)
|400 - 1000
|400 - 1000
|400 - 1000
|400 - 1000
|960 - 2500
|400 - 1000
|970 - 2500
|Spectral sampl. (nm)
|3.0 | 5.1
|3.0 | 6.1
|Spatial pixels
|Spectral channels
|Field of view (deg)
|Pixel FOV (mrad)
|Bit resolution (raw data)
|Noise floor (e-)
|2.34| 80
|2.4 | 150
|Dynamic range
|4400 | 10000
|37000 | 7500
|Peak SNR
|<180 | <900
|<500 | <1300
|Max speed (fps)
|180 | 450
|Power cons. (W)
|50 (with DAU/INS)
|50 (with DAU/INS)
|50 (with DAU/INS)
|Dimensions (cm)
|30.5 - 9.9 - 15
|36 - 9.9 - 15
|39 - 9.9 - 15
|39 - 9.9 - 15
|38 - 12 - 17.5
|37.4 - 20 - 17.8
|25 - 17.5 - 17
|114 - 43 - 73
|Weight (kg)
Why we offer both Nyquist and non-Nyquist cameras
For UAV application we have made small imaging spectrometers for both VNIR and SWIR region, here you select a detector with small detector pitch and you have limited space and weight available. So here you have a detector chosen for the application and we make as sharp optics per pixel and per band as possible. Thus, our UAV systems are very sharp and they are not Nyquist cameras.
For our classical cameras that are generic and used for all different applications and all different platforms we have made optics for specific high-end detectors, then we have made extremely sharp optics per pixel and per bands with very low distortions. (VNIR-1800, VNIR-1024, SWIR-384). There are many applications where framerate is very important, when having a sharp system you will get the most amount of information per data rate, so then sharp systems are preferred.
For our VNIR-3000N camera we have taken the imaging spectrograph for the VNIR-1800 camera that is made for 6.5um pixels and replaced the detector with the state-of-the-art detectors with 3.45um pixels. In this hyperspectral camera we have better than 1.6 pixels spatial PSF for 3000 pixels and better than 1.8bands spectral PSF for 300bands. You can get data out in 600 bands as well. The max framerate of this system 117fps at full resolution.
Fact 1 tells you that you should have as sharp system as possible, but if you are making many different systems and you want to build model / algorithms that can be used on any of them despite where the centre wavelengths are positioned, it would be good to have the system as a Nyquist camera spectrally to be able to reproduce the actual spectrum and make repeatable models and algorithms. That's why for industrial cameras this would be a plus. But industrial cameras usually also need to be very fast, so the spectral PSF should not be more than 2 bands, because then that would compromise the amount of information you are getting per data rate.
As described in this post there are many trade-offs when deciding what kind of system to design, in general we design systems to be really sharp per pixel and per band, and in some cases we design Nyquist cameras for specific applications or specific platforms.
Whatever system you would use for your application, a good measure of the number of effective pixels of any camera is the number of spatial pixels used on the detector divided by the FWHM of the PSF in pixels. The same goes for the number of effective bands. Its always good to check this parameter for any camera you would use, this makes it also easier to compare cameras that have similar overall specifications on the datasheet. Here is a link to an article that is comparing two cameras with similar specifications but very different sharpness.


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How to get your own way with the boss from hell!
Getting what you want at work means negotiating with the boss. But if you're unlucky enough to have one of those "difficult" managers, that can be tricky! Shaun Belding, author of a new book "Dealing with the boss from hell" has some advice about what NOT do…
I think the hardest part of having a Boss from Hell is that very few resources are available to you. We're pretty much left to our own devices. We work on instinct and respond to situations the best way we know how. Unfortunately, though, many of the strategies we use are not only ineffective but also sometimes painfully counterproductive. The official term, I believe, is CLMs: Career Limiting Moves.
CLMs are usually a product of speaking or acting before thinking. We forget that, while the boss isn't always right, he or she is still always the boss. There are five kinds of CLM you should try to avoid…
No 1 Public embarrassment
We can think whatever we want about our Bosses from Hell in private, but when we're in public it is important that we keep our game faces on. If you strongly disagree with a decision your boss made, or something the boss said, discuss it with him or her in private.
It's not a good idea to correct your boss in front of other people unless it is absolutely necessary. As an example, I once had a conversation with the CEO of a financial company and his executive assistant, Rose. The CEO was trying to give me a broad overview of the company and the challenges it was facing; the executive assistant seemed to be intent on contradicting him on all of his facts. (CEO: The company has about 500 employees. Assistant: 485. CEO: We've introduced a lot of new products this year. Assistant: Nine. Not as many as last year.) This went on for half an hour until the CEO stood up and said, "Rose, can I see you in my office please?" I never saw her again.
When you feel the need to correct your boss in public, it's a good idea to ask yourself, "How important is this really?"
No 2 Being confrontational
There is a big difference between confronting someone, and being confrontational. Confronting someone is an assertive position. Being confrontational is an aggressive position. Confronting your boss might mean going into his or her office after a meeting and saying, "You know what, Boss? I really didn't appreciate being singled out in the meeting like that." Bringing up the fact during the meeting by saying something like, "Hey why are you singling me our?" would be confrontational.
Being confrontational with bosses forces them to become defensive and it's rarely a good strategy. While getting it all out might make you feel better in the short term, in the long term you're almost guaranteed to lose.
No 3 Threatening
Any time you put your boss in a position where they feel defensive, it's a Bad Thing. A direct threat ("If things don't change around here I'm going to quit"), threatening to go over the boss's head, or threatening to get a group of colleagues to unite against the boss only serves to polarise the situation. Indirect threats have the same effect. The boss begins to notice you've started to use back-covering cc's on your emails, and that you're spending more time with the district manager. You begin documenting things you never before documented.
Like all of us, Bosses from Hell have a survival instinct. When they feel threatened their fight-or-flight mechanism kicks in. Given their position of power, their greater experience and their probable better connections within the company, it's a no-win situation for you.
No 4 Psychoanalysing
There are a lot of people who like to categorise everyone they meet into personality types. Sometimes these pigeonholes are based on convenient stereotypes, giving us a feeling of superiority over the people around us. It's a defensive strategy we often use when faced with a boss we don't see eye to eye with. The problem is that once we've convinced ourselves that someone is a certain type, we typically close our minds to any of that person's other attributes.
It's a bad strategy at best, and it becomes a CLM when you decide to voice your opinions to your boss. I once sat in a senior management team meeting and heard one of the executives say to the CEO, "I know you're thinking that a woman can't do this job, but I still recommend Sylvia". The CEO bristled at the suggestion that gender had entered his deliberations. I remember a call centre employee once saying to her supervisor, "I expected you to do that. You're a deflector. That's what deflectors do".
Nobody likes being pigeonholed, second-guessed or psychoanalysed – especially by an employee. It hints at disrespect, and creates an uncomfortable working relationship.
No 5 Hiding
This is a fascinating strategy that some people use to avoid being confronted by their bosses. They hide. Think for instance of the salesperson who hasn't met the targets for the month and knows the boss is going to be asking why. The salesperson creates a diversion and acts distraught over some personal crisis. The boss, feeling sorry for the salesperson, decides to postpone the talk about performance. Mission accomplished.
There are many different ways to hide – you can call in sick, you can take breaks at convenient times, you can immerse yourself so deeply in something else that people don't want to disturb you. But eventually people will start to see through it. Once your boss realises what's going on, it's a definite CLM.
Think about the potential consequences of everything you do, and ask yourself if they're really worth it. The fewer CLMs you commit, the fewer challenges you will have with your Boss from Hell.

subset: commoncrawl


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We try to keep our purchases of commercial dog food products at a minimum in favor of our own food products, since quality is suspect in any commercial dog food product, regardless of what they say about the product.
For chewing, we try to stick with raw meaty knuckle bones that are large enough for our dogs to not be able to wrap their jaws around, which can increase risk of teeth fracturing. We also use interactive Kong-style toys stuffed and frozen with our Peak power Snack Stuffer.
But for more variety, we purchases these bully sticks, which work well for our dogs. Depending on how heavy duty of a chewer your dog is, these could last fifteen minutes or an hour.


text: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/11/18/russian_vxer_fined/ By John Leyden 18th November 2004 A Russian member of well-known 29A virus writers group has been fined 3,000 roubles (approximately £57) after he admitted writing malicious code. Eugene Suchkov (AKA Whale), from the little-known Russian republic of Udmurtia, admitted writing the Stepan and Gastropod viruses. He posted live code for the viruses alongside the source code necessary to create variants onto a number of underground virus exchange websites. Neither of these viruses spread. The nickname Whale comes from the name of a virus rather than any reference to Suchkov's physical size. 29A (hexadecimal for 666) is well known for creating proof of concept viruses. Its active membership, reckoned to be between 12 and 20 by antivirus company Sophos, is drawn from across Europe. Last week we reported how former 29A crew member "Benny" is taking a lead role in developing anti-virus software for a Czech company. Zoner Software, whose main business is graphics and multimedia, hired Benny to develop security software to protect servers run by Zoner's Internet division. According to Sophos, Benny resigned from 29A yesterday


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Zen is a form of Buddism that emphasises the originally pure nature of the mind. | Zen Buddhism | Buddha Blog.
Here is a comprehensive introduction to Zen Buddhism for those who don't know how or where to begin, nor what to expect once they have started practicing.
The Heart of the Brush: Zen Calligraphy. Kaz Tanahashi is an author, artist, and teacher of Zen Buddhism.In this trailer for his Heart of the Brush online course,
Buddhism vs Advaita Vedanta. Theravadin Buddhists on the other hand believe that there is no 'self' but that we are under the illusion that there is one because we are too distracted to see that what we call self is nothing more than a bunch of impermanent processes i.e.
"He's in a different tradition, but he's always been one of my greatest inspirations," said Martinez, whose organization is part of Vietnamese Zen Buddhism. NSU's overall theme this year is "Good.
And abbot Shi Yong Xin of the Shaolin Temple – a Zen Buddhist monastery on Mount Songshan in Henan. than anywhere else in the world," Anderson said. Mixed martial arts vs tai chi group brawl.
Jobs is, reportedly, a devout practitioner of the Buddhist faith. A Zen Buddhist monk named Kobun Chino has served as Jobs' spiritual guru and, in 1991, officiated his marriage to Laurene Powell at.
He later told me that his meditation was taught at a Cha'an Buddhist monastery in Northern California called. Almost 20 years later, in January of 2016, I was living at Tassajara Zen Mountain.
ZEN. One of the most important scholars of Zen Buddhism [1], Daisetz Suzuki, cogently explained the origins of Zen Buddhism [2] in 1959: >Zen is one of the.
Cambridge Zen Center welcomes you to the practice of Zen Buddhism, an ancient tradition that can help you discover your inherent resources of wisdom, love,
women", "christians vs. muslims", "black vs. diligently and follows ardently the teachings of Vietnamese Zen master Thich Nhat Hanh. I myself took up Vipassana (Buddhist insight meditation) in 2007.
The gap between Larkin's and Rinpoche's approaches seems huge: an American-pragmatic "let's fix it ourselves" vs. a very traditional Buddhist "this is how we do it." But instead of reading these as.
He has published dozens of peer-reviewed papers and is the author of DMT: The Spirit Molecule and DMT and the Soul of Prophecy. Avi Solomon. years later began studying and practicing Soto Zen.
Mar 16, 2016. However, it was Zen Buddhism that best suited the warriors and complemented bushidō, the strict code of the samurai's practice, or, "the way of.
Why Did Christianity Spread Throughout The Roman Empire planting of the Roman Empire Christianity appeared in. the world. spread of the earliest Christianity or Christianity of the. Stone Age. was specially prepared and arranged by God through the. This he did using the Chi-Rho s ymbol, The Byzantine empire and his own Sassanid Empire. Christianity and Zoroastrianism. in 609 AD.It was a win
Spiritual Celibacy some of the suggestions included reviewing the Church's discipline on priestly celibacy, reviewing Church law, promoting more. Due to the spiritual necessity of celibacy in our religious life and the gravity of entertaining lustfulness, engaging in any of these activities requires public. Jan 15, 2018. WESLEY HILL (PhD, University of Durham) is Assistant Professor of
early as A.D. 50, the influence of Buddhism did not clearly emerge in China until the. Zen Buddhism rejected the value of any textual approach to Buddhist.
Dagames Gospel Of Dismay Lyrics Dagames – Gospel Of Dismay tekst lyrics: You joined the underground cabaret today Oh hey there, tell me your name You try to run and tell the world But you're stranded in a darkened cave Oh Henry we hate you the same So listen up my friend There's more that meets the eye You power
Among these, Yusan-ji is said to aid the recovery of eye ailments, while at Kasuisai you can sample shojin ryori, the traditional vegetarian cuisine of Buddhist monks. The games Stadium Ecopa hosts.
Digging into the history of Fascists, Zen and Tibetan Buddhism, hippies, and postmodernism revealed. Figure 1 Suppose that society is a hemisphere, then let's define Right vs Left as an arc that.
This four-wheel drive Benz runs a 211-hp, 2.0-litre, four-cylinder engine Until then, whet your appetite with this video pitting a tuned AMG model against the power of Zen. Canadianmanufacturing.com.
Nov 04, 2010 · Best Answer: Zen Buddhism is a 1,500 year old Buddhist tradition that originated in China and later spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and, more recently, to the West. Won Buddhism is a 100 year old Buddhist tradition that originated in Korea. Zen Buddhism is a praxis tradition, focusing on experiential attainment rather than on intellectual understanding or rule-based behaviors. It employs.
Sep 29, 2017. Zen is a Japanese school of Buddhism that, along with schools that include Nichiren, Tendai, Shingon and Jodo-shu, has existed for centuries.
Buddhism Zen Vs Buddhism Chan. After being brought to Japan, this particular school of Buddhism became less strict in the sense that people who were not monks and nuns were allowed to teach the Dharma (teachings of Buddhism), whereas in the Chinese Chan schools, this was and is frowned upon -.
This concept is more explicitly found in Hinduism, where the upper castes practise a spirituality very much closer to what we in the west associate with Buddhism (and those referenced. containing.
Aug 25, 2011 · The Differences Between Zen Buddhism and Vajrayana Buddhism (Part 1) Actually, most of us have not even truly started on the path to enlightenment. There are too many Buddhists who have practised for more than 20 to 30 years who have not even reached the First Level of Bodhisattvahood.
Pure Land Buddhism and Dogen's Zen Buddhism. Mark Unno. Pure Land Buddhism and the Philosophy of Honen and Shinran. Pure Land school. Advocates of.
Apr 26, 2016. For example, Zen Buddhism is austere and silent; Theradva Buddhism places an emphasis on studying ancient texts; and Pure Land Buddhism.
The Heart of the Brush: Zen Calligraphy. Kaz Tanahashi is an author, artist, and teacher of Zen Buddhism.In this trailer for his Heart of the Brush online course,
Stoicism and Buddhism are two remarkably similar philosophies that were created independently thousands of. Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind by Shunryu Suzuki.
Jan 9, 2015. He was in the right place at the right time; 1970s San Francisco was where Zen Buddhism first began to flourish on American soil. He met.
At some point in the conversation, he asked me what techniques — meditation, Yoga or otherwise I might recommend for him, because he found himself "waking up in the middle of the night. In the.
The teachings of Zen Buddhism differ fundamentally from other schools of Buddhism. Whereas other schools stress the importance of study for understanding the teachings of the Buddha, Zen Buddhists teach the importance of direct experience.
"He's in a different tradition, but he's always been one of my greatest inspirations," said Martinez, whose organization is part of Vietnamese Zen Buddhism. with Nova's overall theme this year of.
Buddhism vs. Christianity. Examining the Fundamental Differences of Buddhism vs. Christianity. The popular appeal of Buddhism today is one of "coolness","tolerance", and non-dissention. It's a belief system that many feel can help them "detach", maintain neutrality, and find peace in a.
But I believe every liberal academic — not liberal in the sense of liberal vs. conservative. is something that's missing from a Western perception of Buddhism? A lot of popular books about Zen for.
Now, his latest book, "Why We Need Religion," asks that readers' minds stay open even as he writes things that send partisans in religion vs. science debates into. It's not like the dry.
The third book addresses meditation practices in Hinduism, Buddhism. the West. "The fact that meditation is no longer necessarily connected to religion has made it easier for people to practice.
Dec 01, 2012 · Zen Buddhism believes in the 4 Noble Truths. Life is suffering because people always desire pleasure and is never satisfied. For example, you like eating good food, buying nice clothes, and going to beautiful places. However, once you finally go on a.
Seven Tenets vs. Ten Commandments While self-righteous or fearful Christians. She also says she was formerly a student of Zen Buddhism and still sits for meditation daily. She sees parallels.
Over time, several schools of the Mahayana Buddhist philosophy evolved, but the main ones today are Pure Land and the Zen, both of which originally.
Zen became the dominant School in China, after an period of anti-monastic sentiment in which only Zen monasteries weren't destroyed on the basis that Zen monks worked, initially to avoid Imperial interference, later when Buddhism was at that time seen as parasitic when the Emperor funded them, needed money – they were destroyed.
Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama but was called Buddhism because Buddha means the one who has awakened. Confucianism was founded in the Chinese state of Lu, where Confucius was born in 551 BCE. Buddhism was founded in Northern India where Siddhartha was born in 563 BCE.
Jun 18, 2013 · Zen Buddhist vs Christianity or Zen Buddhist Christian ???. One can't be a follower of Jesus Christ, which means one believes what the Bible says, and yet embrace Zen Buddhism which holds to teachings contrary to the Bible. Jesus said "I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me."
Jun 16, 2008 · The word 'zen' has been used a lot in the West, partly due to the efforts of Japanese culture, where Zen plays an important role. It is important in Vietnamese culture as well, but for the general community, Zen Buddhism does not have as strong an influence as Pure Land Buddhism.
Aug 29, 2006 · Buddhism was introduced to the United States near the beginning of the 20th century, but over the past 30 years or so, Buddhism has crept into our cultural consciousness. For some it.
Dec 20, 2015. Secular Buddhism is vastly different from Traditional Buddhism, Theravada Buddhism, and Zen Buddhism have many dissimilarities as well.
Sep 26, 2013 · In Zen we have both monks/nuns and priests and laymen. This issue of whether or not a layman can in fact truly practice Buddhism led to perhaps one of the biggest schisms in Buddhism. Most scholars believe that Mahayana Buddhism came into being as Buddhism reached out to society and the layman practitioner.
In 1962, artist and critic Manny Farber wrote an essay titled "White Elephant Art vs. Termite Art," which picks apart. The exhibition title comes from a popular sutra in Mahayana Buddhism that is.
Aug 15, 2018. The fourth largest religion in the world, Buddhism is largely built on concepts. In the West, Theravada Buddhism, Zen Buddhism (a branch of.
Apr 7, 2013. I wonder if this type of introduction may make Zen appear out of reach to newcomers? It might be helpful to explain to those curious about Zen.
Mar 7, 2018. This inevitably led me to study Zen Buddhism, along with several other philosophies of life. The philosophy of Buddhism and the practice of Zen.
He also writes of his sadness that the Korean Zen Buddhist teachings that his teacher. Beop Ryun said that we need to distinguish between Buddhism the culture vs. Dharma, which is Buddha's original.
What Is Faith In Christ Apr 3, 2017. Over the last several decades, a lively debate has been taking place over the meaning of the phrase faith of Christ or faith of Jesus Christ in. Yet they were willing to accept the suffering because they were devoted to their faith. The community of Christians acted. Phoenix shepherd addresses the abuse


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When looking for the best in bathroom and kitchen cabinets painting and refinishing, hardware swap and more, making the call to Allen Cabinets will provide you with the range of choices you're looking for and the means to getting the fastest and most reliable services possible. We have been in the business of bringing new cabinetry to the Las Vegas area as well as providing the means of transforming current installations in order to match with any changes you make in the surrounding space.
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Jan 11
Catch Pittsburgh's Meeting of Important People playing two sets, including a batch of newly re-worked old and unreleased songs from prior to the band's debut album, workshopping for new recordings and a 2019 compilation release. A cozy warm Brillobox bar show, Friday Jan 11th 2019.
Presale Tickets now available through Ticketleap:
All tickets $10.00 // 21+, 9:00 PM doors, 10 PM show.
visit www.meetingofimportantpeople.com for more. Photo: Todd Kappelt.


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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Wednesday approved the "immediate" construction of 300 settler homes in the occupied West Bank as his government came under pressure from right-wing Jewish groups.
"After consultations in the prime minister's office, the immediate construction of 300 homes in Beit El has been authorised," a statement from Netanyahu's office said, adding that planning for another 504 homes in annexed East Jerusalem had also been approved.
According to the statement, the 300 units in the West Bank had been promised three years ago following the demolition of other homes in the Beit El settlement.
The move came after the Israeli High Court earlier Wednesday upheld a demolition order for two structures being built illegally in the Beit El settlement in the West Bank. The planned demolition had drawn protests from settler groups who clashed with police at the site.
Netanyahu had said he opposed the demolition of the housing units under construction, which began on Wednesday.
The prime minister holds only a one-seat majority in parliament following March elections and settler groups wield significant influence in his right-wing government.
Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank are considered illegal under international law, though not by the Israeli government.
They are seen as further complicating peace negotiations aimed at leading to an independent Palestinian state. Talks have been stalled since last year.
نستخدم ملفات الكوكيز لنسهل عليك استخدام مواقعنا الإلكترونية ونكيف المحتوى والإعلانات وفقا لمتطلباتك واحتياجاتك الخاصة، لتوفير ميزات وسائل التواصل الاجتماعية ولتحليل حركة المرور لدينا...اعرف أكثر
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Hundreds of happy punters streamed through the Longreach Showgrounds on Saturday for the town's annual show.
There were chooks, cattle, and sheep on display as well as popular events such as the camp oven cook-off.
The event wrapped up with live music at the Longreach Showgrounds on Saturday night.
The story Fun in the sun at the Longreach Show first appeared on Queensland Country Life.


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The changes in communication in the last 100 years are astounding. On our January 8, 2019, flight from Portland, to Los Angeles, we surprisingly had free Wi-Fi access on our smartphones for the first time ever on a domestic flight. Never could it have come in handier. Just after the bris, while high up above the clouds, I received a message clear across the world, from my cousin Pavel, in Israel, announcing the name of his baby boy. He wrote, "The name of the newborn is Daniel (Dima) Temnogorod. Officially his name is Daniel Temnogorod." Speaking of being above the clouds, it was such a thrill that I got goosebumps.
Temnogorod, our ancestral name, which means "dark city," lives on after the travails of our family in Eastern Europe. With the birth of Daniel comes a new generation of Temnogorods. Daniel is a shining light.
Daniel takes his place on our family tree, carrying the Temnogorod name to a new generation:
Yehudah Hersh Temnogorod
Yellik Temnogorod (brother of my grandma Sarah)
Moishe Temnogorod
Dimark Temnogorod (brothers Bronislav and Lev)
Alexander Temnogorod
Pavel Temnogorod
Daniel Temnogorod
Our dining room wall is filled with amazing keepsakes from my paternal grandmother Sarah Temnogorod Muravina ("Mark"). Along with my infant father and his toddler brother, she carried the documents across the ocean from Chudnov, Ukraine, in 1912, to reunite with my grandfather. Here in America, they had four more children.
On a prominent wall, my grandmother's birth certificate is surrounded by her passport and my grandfather's, plus their ketubah from 1908, as well as my grandfather's, and father's, citizenship papers. Several photographs from back in the day accompany those treasured documents.
In 2007, I snapped the shot of Pavel (below), almost incredulously reading the family name Temnogorod in the framed pieces. He had not seen the name anywhere else before but in his own family. His grandfather Dimark with his two brothers Bronislav and Lev were the sons of Moishe, my father's first cousin and pen pal. Moishe's father was my grandmother Sarah's brother Yellik Temnogorod.
Amongst my grandmother's stockpile of letters were some that, although they never met, Moishe had written to my father and uncle in the early 1920s, when the three were around bar mitzvah age. They documented his Hebrew studies and accomplishments at playing the violin.
Pavel, Moishe's great-grandson, visited the States in 2007, as a gift from his parents, shortly after winning the teenage Maccabiah Table Tennis Championship for Israel. Our cousin Yuriy, Bronislav's son, living in Brooklyn, brought him to meet us. Since first meeting Yuriy myself, after finding him through my family tree research just months after his 1995 immigration with his wife, their young daughter and toddler son, he has consistently brought visiting family members to our house, always eager to show more relatives the historic display on our dining room wall.
As soon as his parents, Bronislav and Anna, emigrated from Ukraine, in 1997, Yuriy brought them to our family gathering. That was timely, as merely a month before my father's demise, he had the good fortune to meet a son of his cousin Moishe, whom by the way, is my father's doppelganger.
As the years rolled around, Yuriy has brought his uncle Lev Temnogorod, on a visit from Israel, as well as Lev's daughter Vita and then Vita and her daughter Tali. Lev reminisced about Torah stories his grandfather Yellik, my grandmother's brother, read to him during the war. Most recently, thanks to Yuriy, we entertained Dimark's son, with his wife and daughter (Pavel's parents and sister).
As Yuriy and I are both set to become first-time grandparents in April, he from his daughter and me from my son, we are all so happy that our unique ancestral name — his family name, "Temnogorod," sheds new light in the world with the birth of Daniel. We wish baby Daniel and his family, many years of good health and nachas. A win in the table tennis championship wouldn't be bad, either.


text: On 17 Sep 2012 16:15, "Richard W.M. Jones" <rjones at redhat.com> wrote: > > > I've orphaned this package. There are various > reasons for this: > > (1) It's buggy: https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/bugs/mtpfs > > (2) Upstream is not responsive. The weight of developer effort seems > to have moved to several alternative projects, and it's probably > worthwhile adopting one of these and deprecating mtpfs. > https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=841260#c1 > > (3) I don't use it any more. I just gave up trying to get files off > Android tablets. WTF don't they support USB mass storage like every > other thing out there? My understanding is that its so both the phone and computer can read/write to the filesystem at the same time. It was needed to be able to move apps to secondary storages amongst other things. Peter > Rich. > > -- > Richard Jones, Virtualization Group, Red Hat http://people.redhat.com/~rjones > Read my programming blog: http://rwmj.wordpress.com > Fedora now supports 80 OCaml packages (the OPEN alternative to F#) > http://cocan.org/getting_started_with_ocaml_on_red_hat_and_fedora > -- > devel mailing list > devel at lists.fedoraproject.org > https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/devel -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/devel/attachments/20120917/0b4a6d2d/attachment.html>


text:
Midway through his second term, Essex County Executive Joseph DiVincenzo is gearing up for whatever fight comes his way as he plans for a third term in office.
"Joe is looking ahead to running, and serving, to complete the execution of his vision for Essex County," said chief-of-staff Phil Alagia.
To that end, DiVincenzo today is holding a $300-a head celebration in West Orange.
An ally of North Ward Democratic leader Steve Adubato, Sr., who supports U.S. Rep. Rob Andrews (D-1) for U.S. Senate over incumbent U.S. Sen. Frank Lautenberg, DiVincenzo to date has remained neutral in the U.S. Senate primary.
A large alliance of Essex County officials, including U.S. Rep. Donald Payne, state Senate President Richard Codey (D-Essex), Newark Mayor Cory Booker, and state Sen. Ronald Rice (D-Essex) two weeks ago endorsed Lautenberg.
Whether that recent schism impacts on other older party divides and further creates an opportunity for a primary battle remains to be seen.


text:
Old TV Showsby msalas-1 | created - 24 Nov 2016 | updated - 09 Jun 2018 | Public
TV Shows I watched during the late 80s - early 90s or later as re-runs in the millennium.
- Instant Watch Options
- Genres
- Movies or TV
- IMDb Rating
- In Theaters
- On TV
- Release Year
- Keywords
1. The A-Team (1983–1987)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Crime
Four Vietnam vets, framed for a crime they didn't commit, help the innocent while on the run from the military.
Stars: George Peppard, Mr. T, Dwight Schultz, Dirk Benedict
Votes: 31,422
2. Airwolf (1984–1986)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
As part of a deal with an intelligence agency to look for his missing brother, a renegade pilot goes on missions with an advanced battle helicopter.
Stars: Jan-Michael Vincent, Alex Cord, Ernest Borgnine, Jean Bruce Scott
Votes: 8,856
3. Knight Rider (1982–1986)
TV-PG | 46 min | Action, Crime, Drama
A lone crimefighter battles the forces of evil with the help of a virtually indestructible and artificially intelligent supercar.
Stars: David Hasselhoff, Edward Mulhare, Richard Basehart, Patricia McPherson
Votes: 27,213
4. MacGyver (1985–1992)
TV-PG | 48 min | Action, Adventure, Crime
The adventures of a secret Agent armed with almost infinite scientific resourcefulness.
Stars: Richard Dean Anderson, Dana Elcar, Bruce McGill, Robin Mossley
Votes: 33,163
5. Blue Thunder (1984)
60 min | Action, Crime, Drama
An advanced prototype police helicopter and their ground support crew battle crime.
Stars: James Farentino, Dana Carvey, Sandy McPeak, Dick Butkus
Votes: 1,322
6. Automan (1983–1984)
70 min | Adventure, Comedy, Sci-Fi
A computer-generated superhero and his human creator fight crime in the city.
Stars: Desi Arnaz Jr., Chuck Wagner, Heather McNair, Gerald S. O'Loughlin
Votes: 1,406
7. Manimal (1983)
TV-PG | 60 min | Drama, Fantasy, Sci-Fi
A man who can change himself into any animal fights crime.
Stars: Simon MacCorkindale, Melody Anderson, Reni Santoni, Michael D. Roberts
Votes: 1,461
8. The Incredible Hulk (1978–1982)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Drama
A fugitive scientist has the curse of becoming a powerful green monster under extreme emotional stress.
Stars: Bill Bixby, Lou Ferrigno, Jack Colvin, Charles Napier
Votes: 10,843
9. Wonder Woman (1975–1979)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Drama
The adventures of the greatest of the female superheroes.
Stars: Lynda Carter, Lyle Waggoner, Tom Kratochvil, Richard Eastham
Votes: 6,063
10. The Amazing Spider-Man (1977–1979)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Crime
With the powers given by the bite of a radioactive spider, a young man fights crime as a wall-crawling superhero.
Stars: Nicholas Hammond, Robert F. Simon, Chip Fields, Ellen Bry
Votes: 1,791
11. The Highwayman (1987– )
60 min | Action, Sci-Fi
Series starring a big high-tech 18-wheeler. The driver, the title's 'Highwayman' was one of a team of federal marshals empowered to right wrongs "where ordinary laws do not reach" - and to ... See full summary »
Stars: Sam J. Jones, Mark 'Jacko' Jackson, Tim Russ, Jane Badler
Votes: 338
12. Matt Houston (1982–1985)
90 min | Crime, Drama, Mystery
Matt Houston is a wealthy Texan who moves to California to oversee his family's offshore drilling enterprises but spends most of his time dabbling in his private investigator hobby.
Stars: Lee Horsley, Pamela Hensley, Lincoln Kilpatrick, Cis Rundle
Votes: 870
13. Hardcastle and McCormick (1983–1986)
60 min | Action, Crime, Drama
A retired judge and his last defendant follow up on cases that were dismissed due to technicalities.
Stars: Brian Keith, Daniel Hugh Kelly, Joe Santos, John Hancock
Votes: 2,069
14. Jake and the Fatman (1987–1992)
TV-PG | 120 min | Crime, Drama
Veteran district attorney "Fatman" McCabe solves cases with the help of his easygoing private investigator partner Jake Styles.
Stars: William Conrad, Joe Penny, Alan Campbell, Olga Russell
Votes: 2,165
15. Hart to Hart (1979–1984)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Crime
The globe-trotting adventures of amateur detectives Jonathan (Robert Wagner) and Jennifer Hart (Stefanie Powers).
Stars: Robert Wagner, Stefanie Powers, Lionel Stander, Lee Wilkof
Votes: 5,299
16. Charlie's Angels (1976–1981)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Crime
A wealthy mystery man named Charlie runs a detective agency via a speakerphone and his personal assistant, John Bosley. His detectives are three beautiful women, who end up in a variety of difficult situations.
Stars: Kate Jackson, Farrah Fawcett, Jaclyn Smith, David Doyle
Votes: 9,220
17. Vega$ (1978–1981)
60 min | Crime, Drama, Mystery
Dan Tanna is a private investigator in the gambling town of Las Vegas, Nevada. Vegas can be seedy or glamorous, depending upon the point of view. This show is also notable for perhaps the ... See full summary »
Stars: Robert Urich, Bart Braverman, Phyllis Davis, Greg Morris
Votes: 1,309
18. T.J. Hooker (1982–1986)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Crime, Drama
The weekly adventures of tough-as-nails veteran police officer Sgt. T.J. Hooker, who rides the beat with his rookie partner Vince Romano.
Stars: William Shatner, Heather Locklear, Adrian Zmed, James Darren
Votes: 3,344
50 min | Action, Crime, Drama
The missions of a major city's police department's Special Weapons and Tactics unit.
Stars: Steve Forrest, Robert Urich, Rod Perry, Mark Shera
Votes: 1,376
20. The Streets of San Francisco (1972–1977)
60 min | Action, Crime, Drama
A veteran cop with more than twenty years of experience is teamed with a young Inspector to solve crimes in San Francisco, California.
Stars: Karl Malden, Michael Douglas, Reuben Collins, Richard Hatch
Votes: 4,589
21. Hunter (I) (1984–1991)
TV-PG | 48 min | Action, Crime, Drama
Rick Hunter is a renegade cop who breaks the rules and takes justice into his own hands. Partnered with the equally stunning and rebellious Sgt. McCall, the tough-minded duo set out to crack down on L.A.'s slimiest criminals.
Stars: Fred Dryer, Stepfanie Kramer, Charles Hallahan, Perry Cook
Votes: 3,325
22. Scarecrow and Mrs. King (1983–1987)
60 min | Adventure
The adventures of a housewife and a spy, with whom she fell in love.
Stars: Kate Jackson, Bruce Boxleitner, Beverly Garland, Mel Stewart
Votes: 2,223
23. The Fall Guy (1981–1986)
60 min | Action, Adventure
The adventures of a film stuntman who moonlights as a bounty hunter when movie work is slow.
Stars: Lee Majors, Douglas Barr, Heather Thomas, Markie Post
Votes: 5,612
24. Kojak (1973–1978)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Crime, Drama
A bald, lollipop sucking police detective with a fiery righteous attitude battles crime in his city.
Stars: Telly Savalas, Dan Frazer, Kevin Dobson, George Savalas
Votes: 5,856
25. Hawaii Five-O (1968–1980)
60 min | Crime, Drama, Mystery
The investigations of Hawaii Five-0, an elite branch of the Hawaii State Police answerable only to the governor and headed by stalwart Steve McGarrett.
Stars: Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Kam Fong, Herman Wedemeyer
Votes: 5,179
26. Magnum, P.I. (1980–1988)
TV-PG | 48 min | Action, Adventure, Crime
The adventures of a Hawaii based private investigator.
Stars: Tom Selleck, John Hillerman, Roger E. Mosley, Larry Manetti
Votes: 19,939
27. The Six Million Dollar Man (1974–1978)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Crime
After a severely injured test pilot is rebuilt with nuclear-powered bionic limbs and implants, he serves as an intelligence agent.
Stars: Lee Majors, Richard Anderson, Martin E. Brooks, Lindsay Wagner
Votes: 8,137
28. Starsky and Hutch (1975–1979)
60 min | Action, Crime, Drama
Two streetwise cops bust criminals in their red-and-white Ford Torino, with the help of police snitch, Huggy Bear.
Stars: David Soul, Paul Michael Glaser, Antonio Fargas, Bernie Hamilton
Votes: 6,668
29. CHiPs (1977–1983)
TV-PG | 60 min | Crime, Drama, Mystery
The adventures of two California Highway Patrol motorcycle officers.
Stars: Erik Estrada, Larry Wilcox, Robert Pine, Paul Linke
Votes: 6,982
30. The Dukes of Hazzard (1979–1985)
PG | 60 min | Action, Comedy
The adventures of the fast-drivin', rubber-burnin' Duke boys of Hazzard County.
Stars: Tom Wopat, John Schneider, Catherine Bach, Denver Pyle
Votes: 9,602
31. Street Hawk (1985)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Crime, Mystery
A desk bound cop secretly fights crime as the test pilot for a prototype combat motorcycle.
Stars: Rex Smith, Richard Venture, Joe Regalbuto, Jeannie Wilson
Votes: 2,602
32. Crazy Like a Fox (1984–1986)
60 min | Comedy, Crime, Mystery
Rough-and-tumble private Investigator Harry Fox, Sr. solves crimes with the reluctant help of his son, respected San Francisco lawyer Harrison Fox, Jr.
Stars: Jack Warden, John Rubinstein, Penny Peyser, Robby Kiger
Votes: 459
33. Battlestar Galactica (1978–1979)
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
After the destruction of the Twelve Colonies of Mankind, the last major fighter carrier leads a makeshift fugitive fleet on a desperate search for the legendary planet Earth.
Stars: Lorne Greene, Richard Hatch, Dirk Benedict, Herbert Jefferson Jr.
Votes: 12,613
34. Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (1979–1981)
60 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
A 20th century astronaut emerges out of 500 years of suspended animation into a future time to become Earth's greatest hero.
Stars: Gil Gerard, Erin Gray, Felix Silla, Mel Blanc
Votes: 6,786
TV-PG | 60 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
A year after Liberation Day, courtesy of the red-dust bacteria, the humanoid, lizard-like aliens develop a resistance to the micro-organism and try to regain control of the Earth--only now some humans are knowingly working with them.
Stars: Marc Singer, Faye Grant, Michael Ironside, Jane Badler
Votes: 9,304
36. Dempsey and Makepeace (1985–1986)
60 min | Action, Crime, Drama
Dempsey, a tough NYPD cop, is sent to a London undercover police unit teamed up with the sophisticated, sexy, blonde Makepeace. They hunt down the top of London's underworld - when not quarreling.
Stars: Michael Brandon, Glynis Barber, Ray Smith, Tony Osoba
Votes: 1,294
37. Juliet Bravo (1980–1985)
50 min | Crime, Drama, Mystery
Newly-promoted Inspector Jean Darblay takes charge of the police station in the Lancashire town of Hartley. She is the first woman to be placed in charge of the station and initially there ... See full summary »
Stars: David Ellison, Noel Collins, Stephanie Turner, Anna Carteret
Votes: 180
38. The Rockford Files (1974–1980)
TV-PG | 60 min | Crime, Drama, Mystery
The cases of an easy going ex-convict turned private investigator.
Stars: James Garner, Noah Beery Jr., Joe Santos, Luis Delgado
Votes: 6,136
39. Robin Hood (1984–1986)
60 min | Action, Fantasy, Drama
A forest mystical being appoints two men in succession as the legendary outlaw defender of the oppressed.
Stars: Peter Llewellyn Williams, Ray Winstone, Mark Ryan, Clive Mantle
Votes: 3,601
40. Bread (1986–1991)
70 min | Comedy
The Liverpool-based Boswell family are experts at exploiting the system to get by in life. Despite the fact that none of the Boswells are officially employed, they manage to live a fairly ... See full summary »
Stars: Jean Boht, Nick Conway, Jonathon Morris, Kenneth Waller
Votes: 896
41. Birds of a Feather (1989–2019)
Not Rated | 75 min | Comedy
Comedy series following the lives of sisters Tracey and Sharon who are left to fend for themselves after their husbands are arrested for armed robbery.
Stars: Pauline Quirke, Linda Robson, Lesley Joseph, Alun Lewis
Votes: 1,488
42. Spitting Image (1984–1996)
25 min | Comedy
A satire show using puppets that are charicatures of major public figures.
Stars: Steve Nallon, Kate Robbins, Chris Barrie, Jon Glover
Votes: 1,801
43. Casualty (1986– )
TV-PG | 50 min | Drama
The everyday lives of the people frequenting the frenetic Accident and Emergency department of Holby City hospital.
Stars: Derek Thompson, Suzanne Packer, Tony Marshall, Ian Bleasdale
Votes: 2,293
44. The Bill (1984–2010)
50 min | Crime, Drama
Uniform officers and detectives from an inner London police station enforce law and order on a day to day basis.
Stars: Graham Cole, Jeff Stewart, Trudie Goodwin, Simon Rouse
Votes: 2,541
45. London's Burning (1988–2002)
50 min | Drama
The lives of firefighters at Blackwall Fire Station.
Stars: Glen Murphy, Richard Walsh, Ben Onwukwe, Shirley Greenwood
Votes: 541
46. Cagney & Lacey (1981–1988)
TV-PG | 60 min | Crime, Drama, Mystery
Two female police detectives cooperate with each other both in their professions and in their personal lives.
Stars: Tyne Daly, Sharon Gless, Al Waxman, John Karlen
Votes: 2,930
47. Hill Street Blues (1981–1987)
TV-14 | 60 min | Drama
The lives and work of the staff of an inner city police precinct.
Stars: Daniel J. Travanti, Michael Warren, Bruce Weitz, James Sikking
Votes: 6,553
48. L.A. Law (1986–1994)
TV-PG | 46 min | Drama
The lives and work of the staff of a major Los Angeles law firm.
Stars: Corbin Bernsen, Jill Eikenberry, Alan Rachins, Michael Tucker
Votes: 3,976
49. Dynasty (1981–1989)
TV-PG | 60 min | Drama, Romance
The trials and tribulations of two feuding families, the Carringtons and the Colbys, both oil rich families in Denver, Colorado.
Stars: John Forsythe, Linda Evans, Joan Collins, Gordon Thomson
Votes: 5,974
50. The Colbys (1985–1987)
60 min | Drama


text:
East Cheshire Ramblers Social Calendar
July to December 2019
Thanks to all those involved in organising these events. Any ideas for the next programme would be warmly welcomed.
If you have any suggestions or ideas about an event please don't hesitate to contact me.
Maggie Swindells email@example.com 07729327940 /01625 829671
|Thursday 4th July
|Walk Leader Training (full with a waiting list)
|Wednesday 17th July
|Visit to Blackden Trust A six mile circular walk from Goostrey with 4/5 miles to Blackden Trust and 1/2 miles back. Organised by Brian Griffiths
|Friday 2nd – 4th August
|Long walkers weekend Kirby Stephen organised by Georgie and Peter Everson and Steve Hull (may be an optional walk on the 2nd)
|Friday 2nd August
|Winkle History Walk led by Rodney Hughes max 20 places (currently one place left)
|Thursday 15th August
|Final Evening Walk followed by a meal at Rosie Lee Hayfield 18.30 start from Hayfield led by Nick Wild
|Wednesday 21st August
|Visit to Blackden Trust organised by Colin Park
|Saturday 24th August
|Visit to Blackden Trust organised by Tony Littler
|Saturday 21st – 29th September
|Bollington Walking Festival
|Saturday 28th September
|Coach trip to Conway organised by Annette Hurst, Gina Thompson and Maggie Swindells
|Friday 11th October
|History Talk by Judith Wilshaw – Brabyns Park and the Iron Bridge – Macclesfield Tennis Club
|Friday 18/20th October
|Weekend away to Pickering organised by Ann Thompson
|Saturday 23rd November
|ECR AGM 2pm at Macclesfield Tennis Club Please contact email@example.com for more details
|Tuesday 3rd December
|Area AGM – More details to follow
|Thursday 12th December
|Midweek Christmas Lunch The Church House organised by Andy Davies preceded by a walk organised by David Gylee
|Saturday 14th December
|Week End Christmas Lunch at The Windmill organised by Teresa Marshall preceded by a walk organised by Jane and Frank Gay.
|Saturday 21st December
|Christmas walk and meal organised by Georgie and Peter Everson
|Wednesday 1st January
|Keith's Sherry walk organised by Melanie Davy and Lorraine Tolley
Future vents to note:
- Andy Davies is hoping to organise a curry night in the autumn. Date and details to follow
- 21st February 2020 at Macclesfield Tennis Club – 'The Clink' – the story behind the restaurant at Styal Prison


text:
4793 N 725 Th Street is a $144,500, 1,412 square foot, 3 bedroom, 2.1 bath home located in Newton, IL.
Three bedroom, 2 1/2 bath all brick home over full unfinished basement in Bogota, Illinois....Home has plaster walls, walk in closet on a large lot....home is hooked up to EJ water and also has a well for watering the flowers....Must see to appreciate...
|Above Grade Sqft
Appliances - Disposal
Appliances - Dishwasher
Appliances - Other
Appliances - Oven
Appliances - Refrigerator
Appliances - Range
Water Heater - Gas
|Interior Features
Interior Features - Paneling
Interior Features - Plaster
Interior Features - Smoke Alarm
Interior Features - Sump Pump
Interior Features - Walk-in Closet
Interior Features - Workshop Area
|Cooling Types
Cooling - Central
|Heating Types
Heating - Forced Air
Heating - Gas
Heating - Propane
|Exterior Features
Exterior Features - Workshop Area
Possession - At Close
Road Surface Type - Concrete
Road Surface Type - Gravel
Tax Exemption - Senior Homestead
Roof - Metal
|Construction Types
Construction Materials - Brick
|Land Type
Zoning - RES
|Water Source
Water Source - Public
|Property Type
Mls Property Type - Residential
|Property Sub Type
Property Sub Type - Single Family
|Architectural Style
Factory Built - No
|Year Built
|School District
jasper county dist. 1
Based on information from the Central Illinois Board of Realtors (CILTRESTLE), last updated 09/15/2019 at 02:54pm MDT. Listing information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed by the MLS or this website.


text:
Does it snow in Texas? Well, it snows every night at Santa's Wonderland! Experience a Texas WHITE OUT where you can capture wintry holiday photos with friends and family, sip on hot cocoa, and more.
Karma Houston has arranged for the ultimate vip experience for Karma Members at Santa's Wonderland. Included in this fabulous experience are pearl white limo carriages pulled by beautiful Clydesdale and Percheron draft horses. Hot cocoa will be provided, as well as full visibility of the holiday light displays.
Got a Texas Sized Appetite? Perfect! There's also a wide variety of Nostalgic Texas Foods to chose from.
Tickets to this event will be available in July. Stay tuned!


text:
Free online dating sites in arizona
My name is Alex, I'm not stick skinny but I love the curves I have. I am a faithful, loyal, passionate Put away your wallet, you'll never pay a dime to use Loveawake. They would rather spend their time being married and getting off with sex talk on sites I am Capricorn, cm 5' 8''87 kg lbs.
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text:
Watch Online Kulfi Kumar Bajewala 28th August 2019 Episode 390 Star Plus Serial Video in High Quality 720p,Kulfi Kumar Bajewala HD Episode 390 by HotStar and Star Plus. Watch Show Kulfi Kumar Bajewala 28th August 2019 Ccomplete episode .Kulfi Kumar Bajewala 28 August 2019 Star Plus Online Video.
Serials/Show Episode : 390
Media Source : Standard Video Licence
Telecast Date : 28th August 2019
Video Release : HotStar & Star Plus


text:
Chief Technology Officer
e: email@example.com
p: 630-474-4236
Kevin has worked in management consulting, focusing on technology in the workplace, for over 25 years. Kevin was a technology consultant at a mid-sized IT consulting organization in the 1990s, before co-founding VantagePoint Partners in 2002 with a few trusted colleagues.
In 2012, VantagePoint merged with another business and technology organization to form ZLan Partners, a consulting, managed services and infrastructure hosting company. At ZLan, Kevin led the engineering/consulting team, developed the virtual hosting infrastructure and helped develop, market, price and structure many managed services solutions. Using technology to create and improve both personal and business processes is his passion and specialty.
Kevin grew up in the heart of the Silicon Valley and moved to Illinois in 1996. He is married to Melissa and they have 5 children. He has a heart for children, adoption, coaching sports and teaching at church.


text:
Four-letter word to success?
If you want to be successful as a cannabis investor, the four-letter word you need to become familiar with is ... what? Any guesses? Here's a hint from the post: "In order to succeed as a cannabis investor, you're going to have to be patient and allow for the proper amount of time to pass for the industry."
States graded for medical cannabis
A new report is out rating states and how they see medical cannabis deployed against the opioid epidemic. Some examples: Illinois (A-), New York (B-), and California (B+). Oklahoma, Ohio, and Florida all made heartening progress, two Bs and a C (up from Fs in 2015).Texas? F.
California's cannabis industry: we're back
After a rocky transition to regulated adult-use sales in 2018, California's legal cannabis market is currently on track to grow 23% in 2019 to $3.1 billion. That's the gist of a new report released by Arcview Market Research and BDS Analytics this week.
Cool nugget: the average consumer in California is 44; 39% of Gen Z and millennials and 41% of Gen X reported consumption in the past six months, compared to just 20% of Baby Boomers and older generations.
Headline of the week
Blue Apron meets Chia Pet for growing cannabis
A good headline should make readers click, we certainly did.


text: As an added convenience for those who need it, a drawstring can be installed on the inside behind the zippered pocket. The only side a drawstring can be installed is on the the zippered side. Please understand that if you wear your zipper to the "back" the drawstring will be to the "back". Once skirts are altered with a drawstring your skirt is considered non-returnable to SparkleSkirts® for a refund.


text:
Because each project is unique, I cannot provide a definitive rate without first seeing the details of the project. Therefore, to obtain an obligation-free quote, please send the details of the text, as well as the deadline, using the contact form.
I will respond to you as soon as possible with my quote. I offer a 10% discount for new direct clients. My rates are based on the length of the text, the deadline, and any additional requirements. The Subject Areas section gives an idea of the wide range of articles on which I have worked. However, I will not take on a project if the subject is outside my comfort zone (e.g., texts involving physics) or if I cannot give it the time it requires.
Your privacy is a priority for me and that any, and all, correspondence will remain private and confidential.
Banner image: PCR expression of various BMP receptors in the E14 rat ventral mesencephalon. © 2018 Kevin Clayton.


text:
Apple's fall-detecting Watch shows how tech companies are targeting grey pound
Almost all new technology is made for young adults: people who are up to date with the latest tech trends, live their lives on social media, and for whom gadgets are a status symbol.
But when Apple unveiled the latest version of its smartwatch on Wednesday, one of its key features was aimed directly at a different demographic group: the over-65s. The Apple Watch Series 4, the fourth generation of the device, has a feature that can tell if its wearer has suffered a fall and automatically alert emergency services.
New consumer devices rarely embrace our mortality. Adverts for smartphones are typically full of beautiful young people taking group photos at sunset. The idea of an elderly person alone...
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text:
Welcome to VoteFacts. Here we see President Obama speaking eloquently about public officials not calling people they disagree with unpatriotic. Listen in;
"People disagree a lot, but one thing I've never tried to do and I think none of us can do in public office is to suggest that because somebody doesn't agree with me that they're victims or they're unpatriotic..."
Let's rewind to hear what Senator Obama had to say about President Bush. Here is Senator Obama on the campaign trail in 2008...
"The problem is, is the way Bush has done it over the last 8 years is to take out a credit card from the bank of China in the name of our children, driving up our national debt from $5 trillion dollars from the first 42 presidents, number 43 added $4 trillion dollars by his lonesome so that we now have over $9 trillion dollars of debt that we are gonna' have to pay back. Thirty thousand dollars for every man woman and child. That's irresponsible, that's unpatriotic."
Right here, right now, it's all about your opinion. What do you think - Is this a "do as I say, not as I do" kind of moment for our president?VoteFacts original post date: September 26, 2012