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Missouri CompromiseMissouri wanted to be admitted to the U.S as a slave state which would throw off the balance of slave to free states, and the north and south wanted equal representation for free and slave states so when the balance was about to be throw off a compromise must be made. The compromise became Maine being admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, then slavery was to be excluded from the Louisiana Purchase lands north of latitude 36°30′.
Wilmot Provisonortherners feared that additional slave state would offset the balance of slave to free states so Wilmot proposed the Wilmot Proviso amendment to ban slavery in all Mexican Cession territories to prevent further dispute between the north and the south.
Compromise of 1850Many people wanted to have slavery in the Mexican territory but others did not. So, congress made a series of laws stating that California was a free state, Utah and Mexico could be decided using popular sovereignty, ending the slave trade in Washington D.C, and making slave catching easier than ever.
Fugitive Slave ActIf slaves escaped their owners they used to be able to go to the north then be free. But when the acts were created it made it so slave owners were allowed to capture and return runaway slaves within the territory of the United States. Many slaves ran away to Canada to seek refuge. The act were also made so slavery was more prominent in the north and to balance out the Compromise of 1850.
Uncle Tom's CabinHarriet Beecher Stowe wrote the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin to show the hardships of slavery and why it should be banned. Many people believed her novel was propaganda and refused to believe that's what slavery was actually like. the propaganda happened in the north. The novel had a major effect on people's view of slavery.
Kansas Nebraska Act/Bleeding KansasThe Kansas Nebraska Act was a bill that mandated popular sovereignty within new states borders. It let people decide themselves if they wanted slavery within the borders. Bleeding Kansas was the fight between the people of free and slave states to decide whether or not Kansas was free or not. As soon as the word got out about popular sovereignty in Kansas people from free and slave states rushed to Kansas to claim the state as either free or slave.
John Browns RaidBrown grew up to be an antislavery man, so when the time came for him to act he did. He rounded up his sons and 22 slaves and raided harpers ferry. Ten of his men were killed, including two of his sons. Brown was then caught and executed on Dec 2, 1859. Because of this, many's people's view on slavery was changed.
Dred Scott CaseDred Scott was a slave that lived in a free state with his owner and was returning to the slave state of Missouri. He argued that since he used to live in a free state made him entitled him to emancipation. The court decided that no black free or slave could gain citizenship. Many abolitionists were outraged about this. It was the start of a major argument about slavery in the Americas.
Lincoln Douglas DebateLincoln and Douglas debated why they were the best candidates and about other political issues. The issues touched on deeper aspects of slavery and influenced political discourse. This was happening all over the country. It impacted many people's decisions on who should be president.
Lincoln's electionThe election of 1860 was between 4 people. There was a Republican Party, Southern Democratic, Constitutional Union, and Democratic party. Both Democratic Parties were torn because one wanted slavery and the other wanted free states. Southern Democrats thought slavery should be expanded but Northern Democrats opposed the idea. In the end Lincoln won the overall election to become President but lost the senate votes.
Southern SecessionMany of the southern states were angry that Lincoln was elected because that meant the end of slavery. So the southern states started to secede. South Carolina was the first to secede in 1860 then 7 other southern states seceded. They formed what was called the Confederate States of America. They elected Jefferson Davis as their president. Congress tried to adopt a amendment so that slavery would still be aloud in the south but ⅔ of congress didn't approve


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ABSTRACTUnlike conventional power systems where harmonic megawatt scale wind turbines based on variable-speed variableresonances are coming from passive inductive and operation with pitch control using either a permanentcapacitive elements, large-scale scale power electronic magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) or a doublysystems like wind farms present a more complex fed induction generator is preferred by most of thesystem, where the fast dynamics of the power manufacturers (DFIG) [2]. Though the variable speedelectronic converters may present an inductive or wind turbine with a multi-pole pole PMS Gand full-scale/ fullcapacitive behavior. Therefore, the interactions fully controllable voltage source converters (VSCs) isbetween etween the fast controllers of the power converters considered to been minent enough, it is not popularand the passive elements may lead to harmonic wind turbine concept [3]. The advantages of such ainstability and new resonances at various frequencies. PMSG configuration are 1)gearless construction [4];This paper presents an optimum design technique for 2) elimination of adc excitation system [5];the Wind Turbine (WT) inner controllers in a PMSG 3)maximum wind power extraction and grid interface;based ased wind farm in order to reduce the number of and 4) ease in accomplishing fault – ride through andresonances and to mitigate harmonic instability. In the grid support [6]. Therefore, the efficiency andapproach, a PMSG based wind farm is modeled as a reliability of a VSC-based based PMSG wind turbine isMulti-Input Multi-Output Output (MIMO) dynamic system assessed to be higher than that of a DFIG windby modeling the high bandwidth control loops of the turbine[7]. Due to the intensified nsified grid codes, a PMSGpowerr converters. Resonance frequencies and wind turbine with full VSC-based VSC insulated gateoscillatory modes of the wind farm are identified bipolar transistor (IGBT) converters are becomingbased on the MIMO matrix. Afterwards, a multi multi- more and more enhanced by the wind power industryobjective optimization procedure based on Genetic [3]–[7]. [7]. At the present time, however, commercialAlgorithm (GA) is proposed to put the oscillatory PMSG technology mainly uses a passive p rectifiermodes of the wind farmrm in suitable locations in order followed by an IGBT inverter [8]–[9]. [8] The highlyto minimize the number of the resonances and to efficient vector – controlled technology for a PMSGguarantee a stable operation of the wind farm. A 400 400- wind turbine that uses a full voltage – source IGBTMW wind farm is studied in the PSCAD/EMTDC converter configuration is still under investigation andsoftware environment to confirm the validity of the not widely adopted by the wind win power industry. Theproposed optimum design technique. direct-current current vector control technology is a vector control technology that has been developed recently1. INTRODUCTION to control the synchronous generator only inavariable – speed PMSG wind turbine and for control of a VSCToday's most promptly growing renewable energy – based HVDC system. Compared pared to the conventionalsource is wind energy. A wind turbine operates see vector control strategies, direct – current vectorthe rat a fix edor variable speed[1]. Developing new
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 513 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Depending upon the power electronics converter configuration used with a particular PMSG WECS a suitable MPPT controller is developed for its control.
V. Software Implementation In this circuit, the adaptive MPPT controller and DPC technique is used to minimize the THD. The circuit operation is explained in the following points. Uniform random number block is used as wind source to provide the input to the adaptive MPPT controllerFig 2: Wind Turbine Characteristic of the Variable and PMSG. It is used to provide both steady andSpeed PMSG. variable speed to the wind turbine (ie., it will change for every 0.05 seconds). The MPPT controller gets theThe above shows turbine mechanical power as a wind source output and turbine speed as its input andfunction of rotor speed at various wind speeds. The is provided to the wind turbine characteristics. Thus itpower for a certain wind speed is maximum at a will get the optimum point such that the maximumcertain value of rotor speed called optimum rotor power curve output will be greater than the recordedspeed. This is the speed which corresponds to demanded output power and also provides the torqueoptimum tip speed ratio. In order to have maximum output to the PMSG. Torque is a force that causespossible power, the turbine should always operate at something to spin around a central point, thus theoptimum tip speed ratio. This is possible by rotor rotates. PMSG is designed such that it willcontrolling the rotational speed of the turbine so that it provide five different outputs. They are rotor speed,always rotates at the optimum speed of rotation. electromagnetic torque, stator current, direct and quadrature axis currents. VI measurement block inIV. MPPT Control Methods for PMSG Based MSC measures the stator torque and current and it isWECS given to the PWM rectifier which converts AC to DC. DC link provides real and reactive power to bothPermanent Magnet Synchronous Generator is PWM rectifier and grid side inverter. It acts aspreferred more and more in developing new designs common link and also as storage device. Thus thebecause of higher efficiency, high power density, distortions produced in MSC are measured by FFTavailability of high-energy Permanent magnet analysis method; it will be in an order of 24 tomaterial at reasonable price, and possibility of smaller 11.29%. So it must be reduced in GSC. MSC getsturbine diameter in direct drive applications. stator voltage, rotor speed and turbine speed as threePresently, a lot of research efforts are directed inputs and by using the DPC technique PI controllertowards designing of WECS which is reliable, having and PLL is used. PI controller is used to increase thelow wear and tear, compact, efficient, having low speed of the response and to eliminate the steady statenoise and maintenance cost; such a WECS is error. PLL is used to synchronize on a set of variablerealisable in the form of a direct drive PMSG wind frequency. Thus the produced dq0 axis currents areenergy conversion system. The power electronics transferred into abc transformation to produce PWMconverter configurations most commonly used for by using dq0 to abc transformation and PWMPMSG WECS are shown in Fig. 7. generator blocks. The DC current is converted into AC by grid side inverter block. The coupled inductor is used to limit the flow of AC current to the grid. Here also produced stator voltage and current by the grid side inverter is measured by VI measurement block. The GSC gets six input signals to control the total harmonic distortion finally. The inputs are PWM rectifier outputs, measured stator voltage and current, then finally output of coupled inductor. It works similar to MSC with PI controller and PLL and Fig.7. PMSG wind energy conversion systems generates PWM output and provides the generated
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 514 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470output to grid side inverter to convert as AC. Thus close to the maximum power that can be captured byone of the problems in the production of electricity is the turbine at the wind speed.distortions which is analyzed and reduced byMATLAB simulink method. The THD is reduced up The rotor speed, electromagnetic torque, d-axisto 1.42% which can be shown by using discrete power current, q-axis current and a single phase A is takengui (FFT analysis). from produced three phase stator currents as shown in Fig.9. The rotor speed increases linearly as the rotor Table 1.Parameter of the PMSG Wind Turbine starts to rotate. Electromagnetic torque produced by the PMSG is gradually decreased as shown in figure. d-axis and q-axis currents also decreased, finally the stator current (a) can be measured with the limits (10,- 10) as peak to peak current in amps
PMSG OutputVI. Results and DiscussionTo evaluate the maximum power extraction, DC linkvoltage control, grid voltage support control of aPMSG wind turbine the optimal control strategy hasintroduced, an integrated simulation of a completePMSG system including MSC and GSC is developedusing DPC and detailed models in MATLABsimulink in which both steady and variable windconditions are considered. In this chapter, obtainedresults are shown and discussed. Fig.10.Voltage and Current Measurement for MSC Side
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 515 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470integrated MSC and GSC control is designed using 5. H. Polinder, S.W. H. de Haan,M. R. Dubois, anddirect-power control configurations to implement the J. Slootweg, "Basic operation principles andmaximum power extraction, DC link voltage control, electrical conversion systems of wind turbines,"grid voltage support controls and also how the presented at the Nordic Workshop Power Ind.distortions are reduced in the PMSG wind turbine. Electron., Trondheim, Norway, Jun. 14–16, 2004.Comprehensive simulation studies demonstrates that a 6. G. Michalke, A. D. Hansen, and T. Hartkopf,PMSG wind turbine, based on direct power control "Control strategy of a variable speed wind turbinestructure can effectively accomplish the wind turbine with multi-pole permanent magnet synchronouscontrol objectives with superior performance within generator," presented at the 2007 Eur.Windthe physical constraints of the system under both Energy Conf. Exhib., Milan, Italy, May 7–10,steady and variable wind conditions. The proposed 2007. A. Grauers,"Efficiency of three wind energycontrol approach operates in an optimal mode by generator systems," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.,controlling the MSC for maximum power extraction vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 650–657, Sep. 1996.as the first priority and controlling the GSC tostabilize the DC link voltage as the main concern. 7. K. Tan and S. Islam, "Optimum control strategiesThus the proposed system shows the excellent in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbineperformance and confirms the feasibility with less system without mechanical sensors," IEEE Trans.distortion level output (1.42 %). Energy Convers., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 392– 399, Jun. 2004.REFERENCES 8. F. Velenciaga and P. F. Puleston, "High-order1. R. Zavadil, N. Miller, A. Ellis, and E. Muljadi, sliding control for a wind energy conversion "Making connections: Wind generation challenges system based on apermanent magnet synchronous and progress," IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 3, generator," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 26–37, Nov. 2005. no. 3, pp. 860–867, Sep. 2008.2. Z. Chen, J. M. Guerrero, and F. Blaabjerg, "A 9. North American Electric Reliability Corporation. review of the state of the art of power electronics (2009 Apr.)Accommodating High Levels for wind turbines," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., ofVariable Generation [Online]. Available: vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1859–1875, Aug. 2009. www.nerc.com/files/IVGTF_Report_041609.pdf3. S. J¨ockel, "High energy production plus built in 10. Clipper Windpower, The Liberty 2.5 MW Wind reliability—The new Vensys 70/77 gearless wind Turbine:Clipper Design. (Dec. 2011). turbines in the 1.5 MW class," presented at the [Online].Available:http://www.clipperwind.com/p 2006 Eur.Wind Energy Conf., Athens, Greece, roductline.html Feb. 27–Mar. 2, 2006.4. Y. Chen, P. Pillary, and A. Khan, "PM wind generator topologies," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1619–1626, Nov./Dec. 2005.
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 516


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Elastomeric stethoscope cover
An elastic, disposable cover for the head of a stethoscope. The disk-shaped cover is manufactured from latex or other material that is sufficiently elastomeric to allow the cover to be stretched over the stethoscope head during installation, and yet snap back to remain taut after installation and during use of the stethoscope. The outer edge of the disk is preferably rolled, and the disk is preferably pre-shaped in a shallow parabola, to further ease installation and removal. Since the cover may be fit to a wide variety of stethoscope head types, it is much more practical and easier to use than prior stethoscope covers.
This invention relates to an elastic, disposable cover for the head of a stethoscope, which helps to prevent the spread of infectious disease.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Acquired infections are an unfortunate fact of hospital stays. It is not uncommon for an infectious organism to spread throughout an entire section of a hospital, particularly within an intensive care unit. Every once in a while, a particularly troublesome organism will affect an entire hospital, and eradication of the organism requires the use of multiple, expensive and toxic antibiotics. Such epidemics cost the hospital, the patient, and insurance companies untold amounts in direct costs, add to the patient's length of stay, and increase morbidity and mortality.
As a result, absolutely every health care worker is encouraged, expected, and required by the hospital as well as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to wear gloves when they come into contact with patients. Many hospitals now conduct mandatory "universal precautions" courses for all employees that come into contact with patients, prompted by continuing concern with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus. These courses, typically repeated on a regular basis, teach that every situation where a patient is to be examined must be considered for the spread of infection. For example, all instruments used to examine patients must either be disposable (such as otoscopicspecula, tongue blades, cotton swabs, and thermometers), or be sterilizable between uses.
It is thus considered unprofessional, irresponsible, and a violation of universal precautions for a health care worker to not wear gloves when examining patients or to neglect to wash hands thoroughly between patients. In such an environment, gloves in various sizes and antiseptic hand cleaners are conspicuously located on cabinets, shelves, and racks, everywhere in sight.
However, the use of certain instruments by hospital personnel must also play a role in hospital-acquired epidemics. Consider, for example, a respiratory intensive case unit. Respiratory patients, who are typically at an increased risk of developing pneumonia, usually have foreign objects inserted into their bodies such as breathing tubes. Respiratory therapists and nurses use stethoscopes every time they visit each and every patient. The stethoscope may become contaminated while examining the lungs of an infected patient, and the therapist then uses the inadequately clean stethoscope on the next patient. Even if the therapist were to clean his stethoscope and hands, certain microbes known to cause pneumonia are resistant to the most commonly used antibiotics, and contaminants may remain in hard-to-clean crevices. As a result, even the most careful of therapists will unavoidably transfer infections from one patient to the next.
In an emergency room, the situation is similar. All care-givers use a stethoscope, placing it on the chest and back of almost every single patient they encounter. Sometimes the stethoscope is put to the groin or the abdomen to listen for other sounds.
But emergency room patients often have slimy, sweaty skin, and may be unshowered or totally unkempt after being rushed into the hospital. In the worst scenario, trauma room patients arrive in the emergency room covered in blood, HIV-status unknown. As a result, accepted and often mandatory precautions for the arrival of a new patient include donning of goggles, mask, plastic coverall gown, shoe covers, and of course, gloves.
When the patient arrives, the physician always performs the potential life-saving step of applying a stethoscope to listen to the patient's chest immediately, without regard to whatever fluids may cover the chest. The stethoscope is then thrown around the neck, until it is used again on the next patient. The stethoscope is rarely, if ever, cleaned between patients. The bloodied stethoscope may also be stored in the pocket of the physician's white lab coat, where it comes into contact with other items in the pockets. In a large city hospital, this scenario may be repeated many times in a single evening.
In neglecting the role of the stethoscope in the practice of universal precautions, a significant threat to the health and lives of health care workers and patients alike as been permitted to continue. Patients, doctors, hospitals and regulatory agencies have just not adequately considered the stethoscope and the potentially huge health risk it represents.
That is not to say, however, that certain people have not recognized the potential for the spread of infection via the stethoscope.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,461,368 issued to Plourde on Jul. 24, 1984 discusses the problem generally. That patent proposes the use of a sterile diaphragm cover consisting of a membrane sheet mounted on a rigid rim member. The rigid rim member contains one or more tabs adapted to be engaged over the outer edge of the stethoscope.
Devices such as that shown in the Plourde patent are not in widespread use, however, probably for several reasons. First, the covers must be custom-made for each individual type of stethoscope. Since stethoscope heads tend to be of different designs, and since the selection of a particular stethoscope depends upon the application to which it is put, as well as a matter of the physician's or nurse's personal preference, many different versions of a Plourde-type cover would have to be kept in inventory in a typical hospital. It is probably not practical nor realistic to expect a hospital to stock custom covers for each type of stethoscope head.
Furthermore, an emergency room physician is unlikely to have the time to search for a cover which fits his particular type of stethoscope. And, even if the physician could quickly find the correct type of cover, the installation of such a cover onto the stethoscope would appear to be unnecessarily cumbersome, since a pair of tabs must be aligned with a corresponding portion of a stethoscope ring.
U.S. Pat. 4,871,046 issued to Turner also discusses a type of stethoscope cover. This cover is formed from a type of loose-fitting, plastic bag which may be easily dispensed from a roll. However, covers such as this one are also not in widespread use, probably for several reasons.
First, the corners of the bag are prone to fold over, and the sides of bag itself are prone to wrinkle during application to the skin. These folded or wrinkled sections of bag material interfere with the accuracy and level of sound transmitted to the stethoscope.
Second, the bag only provides a loose fit around the stethoscope head. The loose fit, in turn, means that infectious contaminants may still find their way onto the stethoscope, via the openings left by the loose fitting bag. The potential for transmission of disease has thus not been eliminated if the stethoscope is subsequently used in the unprotected state before being cleaned again.
What is needed is a disposable, clean stethoscope cover which can be used with a wide variety of stethoscope types. It should not provide any path for infectious disease to reach the stethoscope head.
The cover should be easy to install and remove from the stethoscope, to encourage its widespread use.
It should also be designed to avoid interference with sound transmission during its use.
It is an object of this invention to help prevent the spread of infectious disease via stethoscopes in a typical hospital environment.
The invention is a stethoscope head diaphragm cover formed exclusively from a disk of suitably elastic material such as latex. The cover is pre-formed in the same general shape as a stethoscope head, with the outer diameter of the latex cover in its relaxed state being smaller than that the diameters of common stethoscopes. The cover thus fits the stethoscope head snugly after being installed, regardless of the particular geometry of the stethoscope head.
The elastic material is selected to be thin enough to avoid muffling the sounds through the stethoscope diaphragm, while being thick enough to prevent violation organisms or fluids, and thick enough to prevent breakage during installation.
In the preferred embodiment, the cover also preferably has a rolled edge formed in the same manner as a common prophylactic. The rolled edge greatly assists with installation and removal of the cover.
The cover provides a tight fit around all of the surfaces of the stethoscope typically coming in contact with a patient. This prevents transmission of fluids containing potentially infectious organisms to even the peripheral surfaces of the stethoscope.
The tight-fitting cover also does not interfere in any way with the transmission of sound to the stethoscope diaphragm.
It is easy to install and remove from the stethoscope, and disposable and inexpensive to manufacture. It may be made to a universal size which fits all of the various stethoscopes now in use.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The novel features believed to be characteristic of the invention are pointed out in the appended claims. The best mode for carrying out the invention and its particular features and advantages can be better understood by referring to the following detailed description, when read together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a disposable elastic diaphragm cover, according to the invention, being used with a Littman-type stethoscope head;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cover after it has been installed over the diaphragm of the stethoscope shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional, close-up view of the elastic cover and the manner in which its rolled edge is stretched about the stethoscope body to prevent infectious organisms from reaching the stethoscope;
FIG. 4 is another partial, cross-sectional, close-up view of the elastic cover after installation; and
FIGS. 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views of the elastic cover fitted to two other types of stethoscopes which consist of diaphragms only.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows a disposable stethoscope cover 10 in accordance with the invention. The cover 10 is illustrated in this view as being used with a particular type of stethoscope 11 known as a Littman stethoscope, but the cover 10 may also be used with other types of stethoscopes.
A short explanation of the various parts of a common stethoscope assists understanding how the inventive cover 10 is constructed and how it operates. A typical Littman stethoscope 11 includes a "combination" type of acoustical pick-up 12. This type of pick-up 12 includes a central body 13 having both a diaphragm end 14 and a bell end 15; other types of stethoscope pick-ups 12 include only a diaphragm 14 or a bell 15, as will be described below.
As is well known, the bell 15 includes an open cavity (hidden in the view of FIG. 1) which extends outwardly from the body 13. Nearby sounds resonate in the cavity and are passed through the body 13 to a tube 16, which in turn passes sounds to the user's ear.
The diaphragm 14 is also a formed as a cavity, but typically having a somewhat shallower depth than the depth of the cavity of the bell 15. The diaphragm 14 cavity has a flat external surface formed thereon. This surface is typically formed of a semi-rigid plastic disk 17 held in place by a peripheral holding ring 18 encompassing the outer circumference of the cavity.
The diaphragm 14 is most commonly used to listen to high-pitched sounds of the heart and lung, while the bell 15 is used to listen to low rumbles of the heart. Only cardiologists routinely use the bell 15, and thus most health professionals are not skilled enough to fully utilize both types of pick-ups 12. As a result, the most commonly used part of a Littman stethoscope is the diaphragm 14.
According to the invention, the cover 10 is formed from a generally disk-shaped piece of latex or some other appropriate elastomeric material. The cover 10 includes both a central portion 19 and a rolled peripheral edge 20.
The material used to form the cover 10 is any suitable elastomer which can be made sterile, or at least clean. The latex material used in manufacturing common surgical gloves has been found to be most satisfactory. One example of such a material is the latex used by Ansell Incorporated, of Dotham, Ala. for manufacturing surgical gloves distributed by VHA Supply Company, of 320 Oecker Drive, Irving, Tex. A relatively thin material is the best to use, as it minimizes, distortion in the sounds transmitted to the stethoscope 11.
The central portion 19 of the elastomeric material is pre-formed in cross-section in the general shape of a parabola, similar in shape to the external shape of the end of typical stethoscope pick-up such as the diaphragm 14 or bell 15. However, the cover has a smaller diameter than most common diaphragms 14 or bells 15.
The rolled edge 20 is preferably formed as an integral part of the cover 10 in much the same manner as the rolled edge formed on a common prophylactic. The rolled edge 20 assists with installation and removal of the cover 10, as well as with insuring that contaminants do not reach the surface of the stethoscope 11.
In the relaxed state, before being installed on the stethoscope 11 as shown in FIG. 1, the cover 10 is thus generally shaped as a shallow surface, approximately parabolic in cross-section having a rolled edge 20, with the outer diameter of the rolled edge 20 being smaller than the diameter of either the diaphragm 14 or the bell 15.
FIG. 2 shows the cover 10 after it has been installed on the stethoscope 11. To install the cover 10, the cover 10 is typically first positioned such that a portion of the rolled edge is placed underneath the ring 18. The rolled edge 20 is then pulled across the top of the diaphragm 14 cavity and plastic disk 17, temporarily stretching the cover 10 to a diameter larger that the diameter of the ring 18. The central portion 19 of the cover 10 is then secured over the diaphragm 14 by simply releasing hold of the rolled edge 20.
Because the cover 10 is made from an elastic material, upon being released it snaps back to conform to the external shape of the diaphragm 14. In fact, once the cover 10 is installed on the stethoscope 11, it encompasses nearly all of the external surface of the head of the stethoscope 11 to which it has been applied.
As shown, the rolled edge 20 snaps back to snugly fit against the outer diameter of the central body 13. Depending upon the design of the diaphragm 14, in the area of the tube 16, the rolled edge may be prevented from fitting snugly against the outer diameter of the central body 13. However, the rolled edge does fit snugly against the outer diameter of the tube 16 and/or other outer surfaces of the diaphragm 14.
The close-up cross sectional view of FIG. 3 shows the rolled edge in detail. The central portion 19 is typically fit snugly against the outer surface 21 of the parabolic cavity forming the diaphragm 14. The rolled edge 20 typically settles in a niche 22 formed at the intersection of the lower portion of the diaphragm 14 and the upper portion of the body 13. As a result, any contaminants travelling generally in the direction of the arrow A are prevented from reaching any portion of the stethoscope 11 generally above the dashed line B which will come in contact with the patient. The rolled edge 20 will also protect the stethoscope 11 below the dashed line B from contaminants travelling along the direction of the arrow C.
FIG. 4 is a close-up view of such portions of the stethoscope 11 which lie above the line B of FIG. 3. The central portion 19 of the cover 10 stretches tightly against the outer periphery of the diaphragm 14, the ring 18, and outer surface 21.
It has been found that the cover 10 does not interfere with the acoustics the diaphragm in any significant way. This is because the cover 10 is stretched taut across the upper portion of cavity 23 of the diaphragm 14, and once in the stretched state, the cover 10 is typically of an even smaller thickness than the plastic cover 17 which, of course, also does not interfere with acoustic transmission.
FIG. 5 shows the cover 10 installed on a stethoscope 11 having a diaphragm 14 pick-up only. With this type of stethoscope, the tube 16 is typically position in the bottom center of the body 13, and the cover 10 fits snugly around the entire outer circumference of the body 13.
FIG. 6 is a similar view showing the that cover likewise snugly fits a stethoscope having a diaphragm which is enclosed within the body 13.
The terms and expressions which have been employed above are used as terms of description and not meant to be limiting in any way, and there is no intention to exclude any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, and it should be recognized that various modifications are possible while remaining within the scope of the invention as claimed.
1. An elastic cover for a stethoscope head, the stethoscope head consisting of a cavity extending outwardly from a central body, the cavity terminating in an outer rim, the rim having an exterior surface that tapers outwardly from the central body, the cover being formed from a disk of elastomeric material, the cover having a central portion and a spiral-rolled peripheral edge, the maximum outer diameter of the central portion in its relaxed state being smaller than the diameter of the rim, and the elastomeric material being sufficiently elastic such that the central portion snugly fits the stethoscope head along the rim and the spiral-rolled peripheral edge snugly fits the exterior surface of the cavity after installation of the cover on the stethoscope head.
2. In combination:
- a stethoscope having a base portion, and a diaphragm cavity portion in the form of a shallow surface, approximately parabolic in cross-section, the diaphragm cavity being disposed adjacent the base portion, and the diaphragm cavity having an exterior tapering surface; and
- a stethoscope cover formed of a continuous and flexible sheet of elastomer, the cover having a central portion and a spiral-rolled peripheral edge, the cover being sized and the elastomer being sufficiently elastic such that the central portion of the cover stretches across the diaphragm cavity of the stethoscope and the spiral-rolled edge fits snugly against the exterior tapering surface of the diaphragm cavity.
3. A removable and disposable cover for a stethoscope which includes a stethoscope body having an acoustical cavity that is approximately parabolic in cross-section, the cavity having an outer opening at the periphery of the body, and the stethoscope also including a tube for carrying acoustic energy away from the cavity towards the ear of the user of the stethoscope, the said removable and disposable cover comprising a unitary piece of non-rigid elastomeric material, the cover also having a central portion and an annular spiral-rolled peripheral edge, the maximum diameter of the removable and disposable cover being less than the largest outer diameter of the outer opening of the parabolic cavity before the cover is installed on the stethoscope, and the elastomeric material is sufficiently elastic such that after the cover is installed on the stethoscope, the central portion of the cover is stretched across the outer opening and the spiral-rolled peripheral edge is positioned against the outer periphery of the stethoscope body, thereby preventing fluids and other extraneous matter that may be present on the skin of the patient from contacting any portion of the stethoscope coming in contact with the patient.
4. A removable and disposable cover as in claim 3 wherein the elastomeric material is sterile when manufactured.
Type: Grant
Filed: May 13, 1993
Date of Patent: Nov 15, 1994
Inventor: Gary P. Lawton (Branford, CT)
Primary Examiner: Khanh Dang
Law Firm: Cesari and McKenna
Application Number: 8/62,420
International Classification: A61B 702; A61B 502; A61B 704;


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Visit Mexico
Spirited fiestas, colourful street scenes, punchy tacos bursting with flavour. These are just a few of the things you'll encounter in the beating heart of Mexico City. Enjoy its warm welcome and historic buildings, then head out to see Mexico's other unmissable attractions. Go back in time, exploring a rich collection of ancient archaeological sites and an elegant architectural legacy from colonial times. Snorkel along peaceful coastlines or hike across cactus-studded desert plains. Go from sophisticated city scenes to rustic villages, or simply ease yourself into a hammock on one of the country's famous white-sand beaches. It's time to tailor-make your own Mexican adventure.
Didn't realise how diverse Mexico was or how large the country is. Even though we have only touched the surface of Mexico, its culture and history, we found the country fascinating.
Brilliant trip!
Brilliant trip! Great variety: Archaeological, colonial, indigenous culture, etc., etc.`
Mexico highlights
- Feast and dance late into the night in Mexico City, especially lively during November's Day of the Dead celebrations
- Walk among the pyramids in the ancient ruined city of Teotihuacán
- Stop at the colourful town of Tequila to learn how the famous drink is distilled
- Visit the colonial town of Oaxaca, where indigenous traditions are proudly upheld
- Spot monkeys and crocodiles on a gentle boat trip through the Sumidero Canyon
- Hit the sun-baked sands of Cancun for the ultimate beach escape
- See the sun rise on Chichen Itza, one the best preserved Mayan sites and one of the New Seven Wonders of the world
Follow a Mexico City food tour
The tastiest tour imaginable, with six street-food stop-offs to satisfy the hungriest of foodies. You'll be treated to the traditional flavours of Mexico, from pre-Hispanic cuisine to contemporary concoctions.
Get back to nature in a biosphere reserve
Take a guided tour of the Sian Ka'an biosphere reserve, located off the beautiful Riviera Maya coastline. Trek through the jungle to a Mayan temple, glide across a lagoon to learn about the protected ecosystems and wildlife here, then snorkel in a tranquil cenote pool.
River rafting in the jungle
Sign up for an adrenalin-fuelled adventure in the Lacandon jungle, river rafting to the sound of chattering monkeys in the lush surrounding vegetation. Then hike through the forest to a hidden archaeological site and swim at the foot of Moctuniha waterfall.
Swim with whale sharks
Set off by boat into the waters off Cancun for an unforgettable day of swimming with whale sharks. A naturalist guide will tell you all about these magnificent creatures before you descend into the sea to float alongside them. Don't worry, these guys only have eyes for the plankton they come here to feed on.
Go off-roading through a mountain range
Bounce through the mountainous terrain of the Sierra Madre in a sturdy jeep, taking you well off the beaten track into a fascinating jungle landscape. Along the way you'll be welcomed into a local's home to taste freshly made tortillas and beans, before embarking on a nature hike through the forest.
Visit a flamingo colony
Tour the wetlands of Celestun by boat and see pink flamingos enjoying the natural habitat of this superb ecological reserve. Also keep an eye out for armadillos, crocodiles and ocelots.
Be a cave explorer
Follow a guide through the Loltun Caves, where the Mayans are said to have performed their traditional ceremonies. The caves are furnished with striking stalagmites and stalactites, as well as wall paintings depicting ancient scenes.
Cross the desert in a jeep
Experience the Mexican desert on a 4x4 drive, complete with spectacular views of the Sierra de la Laguna mountain range. Then stop off at the fishing village of Todos Santos. This charming little hub is home to the Hotel California, which gave The Eagles the inspiration for a certain chart-topping song…


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Qdot is a famous indigenous singer in Nigeria.
This post details a lot about him, and his musical career.
…grab a bottle of coke and sit tight!…
Qdot Biography
Qdot was born Fakoya Qudus Oluwadamilare in Ikorodu, Lagos state, Nigeria.
He also grew up in Lagos.
While growing up, he attended the United Senior High School, where he obtained his school leaving certificate and then proceeded to the Yaba College of Technology, Lagos state.
He officially began his musical career in 2010, but got to limelight in 2013 after the release of his hit single titled Alomo Meta.
He has worked with the likes of producers Dtunes, Citi Boi, and others in the music scene.
Qdot released his very first music single titled Story of My Life at the start of his career, and the song was a huge success which became the theme song of Radio Continental.
In 2014, he released a single titled Ibadan featuring popular Nigerian rapper Olamide.
The music video for the song was also released.
In the same year, he featured on a single titled Baba Alaye by Jhybo, and also released a song named Orijin.
In 2015, he dropped a single titled Ibeere (Question) and other club bangers.
Still in 2015, he performed at Felabration, and Olamide's OLIC Concert organized at Eko Hotels & Suites, Lagos state.
In 2016, he released a groovy single titled Turn Up, produced by Antras.
In same year, Qdot featured Lil Kesh in a song he tagged La La Lu.
The music video was shot in Lagos state by H2G.
In March 2017, he released a very big hit titled Apala New School.
The music video for the hit song was released in July 2017, and shot in Lagos by HG2.
He is signed to his record label, Yorubadboi Music, and managed by Afolabi Ahmed.
Qdot has gone on tour in the US, Dubai, and his country, Nigeria.
What is the Real Name of Qdot?
The real name of Qdot is Fakoya Qudus Oluwadamilare.
Qdot Hometown
His hometown is Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Qdot House and Cars
Qdot lives in a very modern and exquisite apartment in Lagos State, and has acquired a number of flashy SUVs.
Is Qdot from Ibadan?
The Nigerian indigenous singer and songwriter is not from Ibadan.
Qdot is from Which State in Nigeria?
He's from Lagos State, Nigeria.
Qdot Phone Number
The private phone number of Qdot is currently not available to the public.
Qdot has an estimated net worth of $250,000 dollars.
He earns from music sales, and show bookings.
Qdot has several a lot of hit singles, and has earned a lot from them.
He has a lot of fans and these fans love him for the uniqueness of his songs.
Qdot earns from music sales, and has released a lot of club bangers.
As for show bookings, he's booked to perform at shows organized in different States of Nigeria.
He is famous, and has worked with a number of popular artistes in Nigeria including Fuji legend Alabi Pasuma.
The artiste earn also from brands and individuals willing to reach the thousands of fans he has through his social media accounts.
Qdot was able to build his net worth from collaborating with musical artistes within Nigeria, performing at shows, music sales, and from other deals of his.
Qdot was featured in Pasuma's album titled My World.
The track he featured in was very much successful, and it was titled Olohun OJe.
Qdot Net Worth in Naira
The naira equivalence of Qdot's net worth is N87.5 million.
Qdot is a Nigerian indigenous singer and songwriter known to have collaborated with the biggest indigenous singers in Nigeria, including Pasuma and Olamide.


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EVENTS, Sofar Sounds July '19
Reading Time: 1 min
For the summer of 2019, the Paradise Row Apartment is opening its doors to the alternative gigging juggernaut that is Sofar Sounds.
Dreamed up a stones-throw from our home in East London, Sofar Sounds has since gone onto conquer the world, with shows in Paris, Singapore and even Nairobi.
One balmy evening in June, however, Sofar chose to partner with #ParadiseRowCurates for a night of eclectic and wonderful music. On the bill were:
— Singer-songwriter Josh Flowers
— The angelic voice of RuthAnne
— Dreamy award-winning African music from The Ganda Boys
With the whole of the East London community guestlist sat on the floor to enjoy the exciting mixed of music, it was a magical evening that definitely got us in the mood for the London summer.
The aim Sofar Sounds has of social impact through communities coming together made us partnering with them a complete no-brainer; and we look forward to hosting our next event in August!
Want the chance to get an invite for you and a friend to the next gig? Follow @paradiserowcurates to find out how in the coming weeks…
Words: Hannah Crosbie


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PBS Aboriginal Airdate: November 15, 2005
NARRATOR: In 1936, a huge accumulating of authentic abstracts and claimed affidavit was put up for bargain at Sotheby's in London. These affidavit had never been apparent by the public, and a ample cardinal of them were bought by the acclaimed British economist John Maynard Keynes. Abounding were accounting in abstruse code, and for six years, Keynes struggled to analyze them.
He hoped they would acknowledge the clandestine thoughts of the man who invented a new annex of math, alleged calculus; ample out the agreement of light; and gave us the laws of force and motion, which administer the universe; the man who is advised the architect of avant-garde science, Sir Isaac Newton.
GALE CHRISTIANSON (Author, Isaac Newton): Newton ushered in an age, the Newtonian age, and it was premised on the abstraction that everything, virtually, in the creation was acquiescent to authentic understanding.
WALTER LEWIN (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): Newton's assignment has a adorableness and a artlessness and an breeding that makes it the greatest assignment of science anytime done.
NARRATOR: But what Keynes begin burst his angel of Isaac Newton. For, in these manuscripts, Keynes apparent an Isaac Newton alien to the abstract of the world, an Isaac Newton who seemed bedeviled with adoration and adherent to the occult.
STEPHEN SNOBELEN (University of King's College): He is
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Be a part of us MSR!
The "Mecklenburger Seen Runde" is plenty supported by volunteers.
Without the commitment and volunteering of so many people the project "Mecklenburger Seen Runde" wouldn´t be feasible.
Only the joint effort of the whole organization team gives the "Mecklenburger Seen Runde" its unique vibes.
Through the tight cooperation of the team of the "Mecklenburger Seen Runde" you get an exclusive glimpse of the organization of one of the biggest cycling events in Germany.
Help us to make the next holding of the "Mecklenburger Seen Runde" the best one of all time and apply now to get a volunteer at the MSR.
ranges of application
With your commitment you can help at the "Mecklenburger Seen Runde" in the following fields:
track protection
The routes of the MSR 300 kilometers and MSR 90 kilometers range over the administrative district "Mecklenburgische Seenplatte" in large part.
Dangerous places and route marking points, which are important for the orientation of the participants, will be manned by the organizer with volunteers who secure the serious spots.
At these secure points the allies pay attention to an unobstructed ongoing event in the public road traffic, show the cyclists the right way while communicating with the person in charge of this part of the route. In addition to this they provide information about the event to interested pedestrians or other people who ask for information.
You can make a preselection in which part of the route and at what time you want to be deployed.
refreshment points at the route
The participants of the MSR 300 kilometers have the opportunity to collect their strength at 7 different stations along the route, whereas the cyclists of the MSR 90 kilometers have 3 possibilities.
We take care that all participants feel good at any time.
At one of the refreshment points you will help with the preparation and the distribution of drinks and food as well as you will support the participants when they ask for something, express a wish or just need some encouragement for the next stage.
You can make a preselection at which refreshment point and at what time you want to be deployed.
preparation and distribution of race packets
Every participant of the "Mecklenburger Seen Runde" gets a starter bag with useful and important freebies and information about the event.
You will support the preparation of the race packets with a team a few days before the event, so that all participants can start their race fully fitted with a starting number and a transponder.
The race packets will be distributed from around noon on Friday until Saturday morning in the "start and finish area". You will help to distribute the race packets and the starting numbers to the participants. Furthermore you will inform them and other interested people about current news.
storage area
The participants have the opportunity to hand in their personal things like bags or clothes in the storing on Friday evening as well as on Saturday morning. You will receive the bags etc. trustfully and store them in the storage area so that you can find and return them as fast as possible to the participant afterwards.
medal awarding
After the participants arrived safely in the finish area they will get a medal as well as congratulations from the organizer for their accomplishment.
You will support us by handing over the medals to the cyclists in elegant clothes directly in the finish area and convey congratulations in the name of the organizer.
At all seven refreshment points along the 300 kilometer route the participants have the opportunity to recover their strength for the next stage with help of a massage.
Trained physiotherapists are going to take care of the participants.
If you are a trained physiotherapist you have the opportunity to support us with the realization of the massage offer at one of the seven refreshment points.
become a member!
In 2019 we inspired more than 4000 cyclists!
Read what cycling enthusiasts say about the Mecklenburger Seen Runde.
Melanie Märker
MSR ambassador
An adventure within Germany beyond comparison along a challenging and marvellous route. I've never had more fun and more comfort on the route in terms of services of the organiser. I'm super fascinated.
MSR you cast a spell over me, see you 2018...Ride on!
René Wasmund
Race and course director
For me, Mecklenburger Seen Runde is a wonderful event to invite our guests to discover our gorgeous home Mecklenburg Lake District and the hospitality of our people.
Detlef Koepke
I'm purely enthusiastic to support MECKLENBURGER SEEN RUNDE in the areas of organisation, marketing, and PR, because all people involved strive to make the project better year after year. I'm personally spurred, because I truly believe that many happy participants and an outstanding team are the best multiplicator of MSR.
Konstanze Strohmayer
What mostly commoves me about being engaged in MSR?
It's simply the terrific synergy of so many people excited to make one thing happen every year: a bicycle festival of its very own kind -
MECKLENBURGER SEEN RUNDE, which brings together thousands of people, including the orga-team, and enchantingly connects them to one another.
YOU have something to say too?
Share these with other cyclists all over Europe!
Just write us a Mail...
Christian Johansson
My MSR experience last year where top notch! A lovely road and different from Sweden! More sharp corners and smaller roads, me and my brother really liked it. You had to be more alert on the bike.
And, the food at your stops where absolute brilliant! …. Worldclass!
| contact
Koepke GmbH
Carlstein 12
17217 Penzlin
+49 175 7245510
| legal information
data security
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| your MSR
announcement MSR300
announcement MSR90
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Mecklenburger-Seen-Runde | Der deutsche Radmarathon in MV.
MSR Onlineshop
Join Now!
Registration 90 km
Registration 300 km
Registration Mini MSR
Written Registration
Company Registration
Mini MSR
In 2018 we inspired more than 3500 cyclists!


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Basic Skills Course 1 - evenings
Basic Skills Course 1 - evenings
Instructor - Craig Stevens
September 10 - October 15, 2019 6:30pm - 9:30pm (6 Tuesday evenings)
September 11 - October 16, 2019 6:30pm - 9:30pm (6 Wednesday evenings)
*Due to the popularity of Basic Skills, we've added a second class beginning September 11th
A weekly evening class, The Basic Skills Course is a series of classes that are patterned after our Learning Series. The course is designed to provide a strong foundation for beginners, helping build excellent fundamental woodworking skills. It's a shortened version of the daytime Learning Series, intended for those who prefer taking evening classes. The Basic Skills Course will have ongoing 6-week sessions so that students are able to cover the same topics as the daytime Learning Series classes, i.e., Basic Skills 1 will be followed by Basic Skills 2 and so on. Each session builds on information and techniques learned in previous sessions.
Unlike our Beginner Classes, which are project-based, the Basic Skills Course is process-oriented, focusing on the proper and safe use of woodworking machines, hand tools and core techniques. The class has been created to help beginning woodworkers develop safe, accurate and efficient woodworking techniques that lead to successful, satisfying results and minimize many of the frustrations that occur when learning on their own.
The Skills Course meets one evening each week over a 6-week period. Through weekly lectures, demonstrations and hands-on work, participants will learn and practice traditional techniques essential to high-quality woodworking and furniture making.
Basic Skills 1 topics include:
- the vocabulary of woodworking
- gaining and practicing the safe sequence of steps to take a raw board and accurately mill it to a specific size.
- developing an understanding of wood, how it behaves and ways to help control it, purchasing wood and selecting grain for projects
- important layout and measuring skills, working with story sticks
- sharpening plane blades, chisels, knives and scrapers
- understanding how to set up and use a hand plane
- the use of hand tools and insight into which tools to consider buying
- mortise and tenon joinery
PFW has a wide assortment of tools for students to use. However, if you have your own tools or would like an excuse to purchase some new ones, the tool list is below. This is especially true for the Learning Series and Basic Skills classes, since much of the activities center around the proper use of hand tools. PFW has always had excellent satisfaction purchasing tools from Hida Tool, Hock Tools, Tools for Working Wood, and Lee Valley/Veritas
Marking knife - Baishinshi, or Hock #MK075 Spear point
Marking gauge - Veritas Micro Adjust marking gauge or Tite-Mark 7" long marking gauge
Sliding T-bevel - Shinwa
12" or 6" Combination square - Starrett
Bench chisels (smaller 1/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 1" sizes are the most helpful). Fujihiro handmade Japanese chisels or Ashley Iles
Hammer - 10 to 13 oz Hida Tool or similar
Dovetail saw (western or Japanese) - Hida Tool Gyokucho #S-372 Japanese dovetail saw, Lie Nielsen, or Lee Valley
Block plane - Lie Nielsen #102 or low angle Lie Nielsen #60 1/2
Pencil, notebook, safety glasses and hearing protection


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Large apartment located in the area served very much and close to the center, on the first floor of very manicured residence with elevator . It consists of a large open-plan lounge with a relaxation area and kitchen dining area with terrace and utility room. From the lounge you can access a terrace of about 40 square meters suitable for outdoor dinners. Three large double bedrooms and bathroom. the radiators are new, the floors in porcelain gres. The property has a garage and a private wine cellar. Elevator also from the garage.
Energy Class: kWh/m2
Hi! Click on one of our assistants to send a message, they will reply as soon as possible.


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Safe Online: Behaviours, approaches and tools for a safer online environment
Tuesday, September 8, 2015 from 3:00 PM to 7:00 PM (EEST)
Event Details
Safe Online: Behaviours, approaches and tools for a safer online environment
Youngsters today are in danger on the Internet because of not understanding the relevance of data. They either too freely provide their own data and thus run the risk of identity theft or of an unwanted third party being able to target them, or they too easily believe the actuality of data provided by others and thus could become targeted by a third party who is disguised by a false identity.
On the other hand the Internet a great tool that offers youngsters many additional opportunities to their education, leisure time and social life. Internet is nowadays thoroughly embedded in our lives.
We thus need to come up with innovative approaches which will carefully balance theory and practice and promotes resilience, thus allowing youngsters to fully enjoy online experiences, while minimizing the impact of potential risks.
In addition to the existing training on Internet safety we need to help youngsters develop a deeper understanding of online risks and how they are related to their online identities. These identities concern their consciously or unconsciously projected identity as seen in their profiles or shown in their communicative interactions, but also encompass the way they are externally profiled and interpreted.
Educational technologists, psychologists, educators and ICT experts will present their views on the subject and engage in a creative dialogue with participants.
Especially teachers and parents are encouraged to participate in this interactive conference to learn about the experiences accumulated from a 2 year project (IDentifEYE) which conducted numerous workshops in schools around Europe.
Conference Schedule 15:00 – 19:00
Greetings & Introduction to Speakers and Conference Topics
- Mattheos Kakaris, Principal Consultant CrystalClearSoft S.A., Coordinator of IDentifEYE project (Augmented Reality towards Better Understanding of Online Identities), Duration 10'.
First Part
- Onno Hansen, on behalf of the Netherlands EZZEV Foundation on "The IDentifEYE workshop – introduction, demonstration, results and conclusions". Duration 45'.
Questions-Discussion, Duration 15'.
- Mattheos Kakaris, onbehalfof CCS Hellas "Safer uses of Internet by youngsters and the role of parents and technology". Duration 30'.
Questions-Discussion, Duration 10'.
Break (16.50 – 17.10)
Second Part
- Iliada Spirou, Safer Internet Helpline Coordinator. "Safe Online: Behaviours, approaches and tools for a safer Internet environment" Duration 20'.
Questions-Discussion, Duration 5'.
- Kostas Diamantis Balaskas, on behalf of Action Synergy S.A., "EUBULLY- Changing cyberbullying and bullying behavior through educational drama and research and quiz apps". Duration 30'.
Questions-Discussion, Duration 10'.
- Charalampos Pischos, Psychologist MSc - Systemic and Existential Psychotherapist "Growing up with screens: the impact of the Internet on the development of teenage identities".Duration 25'.
Questions-Discussion, Duration 10'.
End of Conference
- Mattheos Kakaris, Principal Consultant CrystalClearSoft S.A., Coordinator of IDentifEYE project.
Contact: email@example.com
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This document reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
When & Where
Crowne Plaza Athens - City Centre
Michalacopoulou Street 50, Athens 115 28
115 28 Athens
Tuesday, September 8, 2015 from 3:00 PM to 7:00 PM (EEST)
Add to my calendar


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Wine Offers
Banish boring booze with these keenly priced wine offers. You'll find carefully selected cases to suit all budgets, all with wines in that you're guaranteed to enjoy. Fancy a special bottle too? No problem; with cases taking 15 bottles, simply add them to your basket (scroll down for wine deals).
Unsung Heroes: mixed case
Celebrating those wines that, whilst excellent, are lost in the crowd. Their day has come, and we've curated some of our very best in these cases. Saving over 17% Read More.£114.39£93.99
Unsung Heroes: red case
Celebrating those wines that, whilst excellent, are lost in the crowd. Their day has come, and we've curated some of our very best in these cases. Saving over 19% Read More.£124.68£99.99
Best Rainy Day Red Wines
Wines for wet, windy, rainy days? What are the best wines when going out's not on the agenda, but watching a movie or curling up with a good book are? We looked in the cellar and found the perfect dozen reds for just such occasions. You'll find them ideal partners for however you like to spend your rainy days Read More.£108.18£91.99
Great Red Wines on a Budget
You mightn't think it's possible to drink good red wines yet save money too. Let us prove you wrong. We've pulled together a range of top-notch reds that'll give you quality drinking Read More.£109.28£93.99
The Best, Rich, Red Wine Case
Some wines just stand out head and shoulders above the rest. These are the best, rich reds, with bags of character, they are fruity and smooth. Simply put, they won't let you down. Read More.£121.88£110.12
The Rhône Rangers
It's a hearty "Hi-You, Syrah!" with the dozen Rhône Rangers from around the world in this case. Saving 15%, or £19.49, encounter our latest find, the brilliant Hubert Côtes du Rhône and 10 other impressive red wines Read More.£129.48£109.99
Sublime September Mixed Case
SAVE 27% on this case of wines chosen to make the most of September
Keep your options as wide as possible with this superb mix of red and white wines Read More.£109.88£79.99
Mid-September Flash Sale: fruity, freshing whites & pinks
SAVING 31% A pair of each wine gives you plenty of variety. You'll be spoilt for choice, with each conjuring up a wealth of fruit flavours to remind you of the height of summer Read More.£109.88£74.99
Mid-September Flash Sale: full-flavoured reds
SAVING 29% Spanish Garnacha, cracking Languedoc red, super South African Shiraz, and plush Cabernet Sauvignon. Hello autumn! Read More.£104.28£73.99
Top Red Wines from the Med
If you thought the Mediterranean diet was healthy, just wait until you try their wines. Taking wine regions around the Med's shores we've pulled together some great wines, perfect with or without food. It's the red wine case for those who love to taste sunshine in their wines. Read More.£109.69£94.99
The Ultimate Sunday Roast Wines
Sunday roast: it's a British institution. A highlight of the week for many, it deserves the best wine you can choose too. Here you'll find wines that won't just go with your roast chicken, beef, lamb or pork, they'll make your Sunday lunch or dinner extra special. Top wines to make Sundays special. Read More.£144.38£122.49


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Fred Bendheim's current work spans the boundaries between painting and sculpture.
My interest in systems and structure within a grid format is a systematic exploration of a structure and its subsequent construction and deconstruction . . .
This coming spring, the artists of Industry City Studios will open their doors to the public for Open Studios 2019. On Saturday and Sunday, May 18 and 19, from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. daily, visitors will be able to tour the studios of nearly 100 painters, photographers, printmakers, sculptors, and video artists, among others. Open Studios provides a rare opportunity to talk with artists, see works in progress, and discover how each artist has customized a studio space to fit the demands of his or her artistic practice.how to get there


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If you thought, "Hmm, Vandalog doesn't seem to be updating as much" throughout 2017… Here's why: We were focused on Mood Indigo-marshmallow (75331-416) Palladium Unisex Adults' Pampa Ox Orig U Trainers, a 52-week campaign of ad takeovers across New York City! We worked with Faust, Shepard Fairey, Molly Crabapple, Jess X Snow, and dozens more artists to install their work in NYC payphones.
Now that the campaign has been going for a year, we're ready to celebrate!
On January 26th, find us at LUCAS LUCAS in Williamsburg for an Art in Ad Places exhibition, and the launch of a book celebrating all of our ad takeovers to date. We'll have photos from Luna Park, books, a special installation with the help of fellow ad takeover activist Jordan Seiler, and drinks from Black (Black White Medium Grey 010) Nike Men's Court Lite Tennis shoes. We open at 7pm.
And if you can't make it to the opening, the show will be open through February 3rd.
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In 2017, I curated the We The People series for (Cognac C6001) Geox Men's U Ariam D Low-Top Sneakers, a series of six murals by some of my favorite artists. I probably should have been writing about We The People on here regularly since July, but here's a very belated update from Philly.
Before we get into We the People, a bit of context. The last year has seen the floodgates open in the USA, with national conversations on crises that have been festering under-reported for years, like sexual harassment and racism. The arts community has added their voices to the mix through projects like the Black (Peacoat-puma Black-blazing Yellow) Puma Men's Evospeed Star 6 Track & Field shoes, Green (Tarmac Green Tnf Black 5ua) THE NORTH FACE Men's Tsumoru Boot Snow, and the Whitney's An Incomplete History of Protest.
This moment demands urgent public art. And muralists have responded. In at least one case, an artist was censored after-the-fact and had to make things work Bbk Skechers Men's Ingram-Taison Trainers. But some mural festivals have embraced a spirit of activism, most notably Grey Broder & Grey 10 Oz Canvas Dr. Martens Unisex Adults' Bonny Ii Classic Boots in Rochester, NY and Brown DuoShengZhTG Genuine Leather Men's shoes Fashion Lece Up Outsole Oxfords Low Top Ankle Boots for Gentlemen Casual shoes in Atlanta, GA.
It's in a similar spirit to all of those projects that we tried a little experiment in Philadelphia with We The People. When Mural Arts invited me to curate a series of walls for them, I figured it had to be of the moment, and with artists that they weren't already doing a lot of work with. So we invited Green (04) Munich Men's shoes, Colour Green, Brand, Model Men's shoes 4160004 Green, Chris "Daze" Ellis, - CLOGERS Men's Clogs Brown Brown, Dennis McNett, NTEL, and Jess X. Snow to create work celebrating the best of the American spirit right now, while also reflecting current national concerns. Plus, it was a continuation of Mural Arts' years-long effort to work with more street artists. There was little community engagement beyond what I and the project manager did while hunting for walls, but I think that by being careful about sites, artists, and content, we brought to life some strong, timely, and site-responsive work.
Continue reading "We The People, Six Murals for Philadelphia"
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Let's start off 2018 on the right foot. Here's a suggestion from Stormcloud Perforated Leather Optic White Cole Haan Men's Grand Crosscourt Ii Sneaker.
Photo by Uncle Susan
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Our friend Doug Gillen at Grape Oatmeal Asics Onitsuka Tiger - Unisex-Adult GSM Sneakers just posted a video commentary on black grey carbone ASICS Men's Frequent Trail Running shoes visit to Palestine, part of a residency at Black ((Suede Canvas) Black White Iju) Vans Men's Filmore Trainers White JIALUN-Sandals Men's Nerveless Summer Fashion Balmy PU Leather Slipper Big Size Falt Heel shoes Casual shoes. Doug echos this (somewhat flawed but worth reading) piece from Isaac Brosilow, Black Supra Men's's Westlake Trainers. I've written very positively about Lush in the past, we released a product of his through Vandalog, and he even contributed to the site once upon a time. But I gotta agree with Doug on this one… Lush has gone off the deep end, and something doesn't feel quite right here, to say the least.
Photo from Lush's Twitter
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The word sideshow comes up several times in conversation when discussing the traveling installation centered on Andrew H. Shirley's Wastedland 2 film. The touring exhibition is as much of a whirlwind as the artist himself, connecting collaborators from across the country in an ever-evolving project.
While the upcoming screening of Wastedland 2 this Friday at Brown JUJIANFU-shoes Fashion Men's Business Brogue Tuxedo Dress shoes Matte Wingtip Hollow Carving Genuine Leather Lace Up Lined Oxfords is the first screening with an emphasis on audience participation through costumes, the film had previously shown in New York City at the Knockdown Center. At this venue, from the moment I stepped into the installation it felt like a family reunion, a theme that is echoed throughout the film. It was a feeling I couldn't quite put my finger on, and decided it was probably all the personal connections I had with the people and left it at that. However, when I went to interview Andrew, I had to ask if he could illuminate why even people I knew who were not personally familiar with the crews involved still came away with this sense of kinship. Shirley explained, "In many ways Wastedland 2 created not only a new platform of film exhibition, but perhaps exemplified the idea of collaborative action and support from a community that is sometimes over looked as far as how genuinely loyal and generous they are. The graffiti community not only looks out for each other, but they are a family that looks out for people in need- in many ways." From assisting in the entry of buildings to a floor to call a safe home for the night, the filmmaker was quick to name all of the people and places who helped him out. It may not have been a direct connection, but maybe a friend of a friend, because as he stated they are the family that always looks out for one another.
Beyond these overarching themes, I was curious about how the process varied city to city, having only attended the Knockdown Center screening myself. Wine JIALUN-shoes Men's Fashion Oxford Effortless Comfortable Slip On Classical Solid color Round Toe Formal shoes
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Obviously, that headline is misleading. And the above video is pretty messed up. But it's pretty messed up inside the heads of Alex Jones' viewers! Which brings us to… Inside the Crisis Actors Studio, hosted by James Lipton, a show based on things that far right conspiracy theorists actually believe. Admittedly, this is maybe an odd thing for me to post about, but I've been thinking about Inside the Crisis Actors Studio all week. Plus, although the video's creators have chosen to remain anonymous, at least one of them has been covered on Vandalog before, and they'd be familiar to the street art/activism community.
No doubt that Inside the Crisis Actors Studio is disturbing. Four actors who were due to audition declined after reading the script. But it's also rooted in a kind of truth, the truth that some people actually believe this stuff. The references that Lipton and "crisis actor" Mark Hannigan make are based on conspiracies that people Alex Jones and his fans actually subscribe to. Yes, seriously. If you've never before heard of the concept of a crisis actor, consider yourself lucky, but sheltered. Realizing that these conspiracies are out there starts to explain a little of why gun control is so difficult. Plus, it's got me thinking about the media that I consume and the bubbles of odd beliefs and consumption that we all fall into. Inside the Crisis Actors Studio is some necessary but dark (very dark) comedy. Hopefully, more episodes are forthcoming.
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Who doesn't love popsicles? You? If you don't love popsicles, maybe you work at JCDecaux (and even if you do work at JCDecaux and claim they aren't your thing… we all know you still love popsicles).
Well, I love popsicles, and it seems that my friend Vlady is also a normal popsicle-loving person. For JCDecaux Ice Lolly, he covered up a series of JCDecaux's ad spaces in Turku, Finland. This particular kind of outdoor ad, where the ad just pops up out of the ground, unattached to a pay phone, bus shelter, or any other public amenity, is sometimes referred to as a lollipop, for obvious reasons. So, Vlady took the hint and turned all of these annoying lollipop ad kiosks into summer treats.
It's a wonderfully simple intervention, one that doesn't even require a key to open to ad kiosks, since Vlady just paints right over them. I've been thinking about how New Yorkers could do something similar with the LinkNYC towers that have been popping up everywhere… Maybe white sheets that turn the towers into ghosts for Halloween? But the popsicle idea is just perfect. Turn something hated into something everyone can enjoy.
Here's one more:
Thanks Vlady! This series really made my day. Certainly the best street art I've seen all week (although Banksy at the Barbican is pretty great too), and something that anyone who feels inspired can replicate or adapt to their own environment.
To my readers: enjoy the last bits of summer. And remember: There's no better way to enjoy the nice weather than a bit of vandalism for the public good!
Photos by Vlady
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Escif and Cream-coloured Xiaojuan-boots, Men's Casual Personality OX Leather Ankle Boots Breathable Large Size Suede High Top Work shoes just wrapped up two murals each at Darkbrown Man Driving Loafer Casual Soft OX Leather Breathable Anti-Skid Easy to Match Business Boat Moccasins shoes for Men, a self-managed neighborhood in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain that's been around since 2013. The Errekaleor community is currently fighting against eviction, and has transitioned to renewable energy via solar panels after the city cut them off from the grid.
I'm not usually one for glow-in-the-dark murals, but I love this one from Escif. On his blog, Escif wrote (translated here by Google and me), "The city cut the light without thinking that night belongs to the residents, and they were given, unknowingly, the possibility of making the darkness a little clearer. They say cats can see at night. So we painted the eyes of this great black cat with fluorescent paint so that he too can be self-sufficient."
And this Blu mural is an instant classic, and hopefully an inspiration to the residents of Errekaleor who are resisting eviction and development.
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Best of luck to the residents of Errekaleor as they continue their fight.
Photos from Escif and Blu
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Been slow on updating Vandalog lately, and I'm realizing it's because I've spent so much of this year focused on curating and project management, and that's meant that writing has taken a backseat. Still, sometimes I come across something great that doesn't need much additional commentary.
Today, that was this piece by Brown XIANGBAO-Personality Men's Classico Business Oxford Casual Fashion New Solid color Vintage Outsole Increased Waterproof Brogue shoes and Black MXL Men's Fashion Loafers Classic Solid color Outsole Big Size Boat Moccasins Formal Business Dress shoes, which you can find in Potenza, Italy. Aliens are welcome became immigrants are welcome. Aliens are welcome because sometimes it feels like my country is so messed up right now that it couldn't possibly get any worse with aliens in charge (although I guess that's the sort of logic that got us into this mess…). Aliens are welcome because if you're gonna write something on a wall, it might as well be a greeting to a stranger. Aliens are welcome because why not.
Photo courtesy of Rub Kandy
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Brown JIALUN-shoes Men's Fashion Business Oxford Casual Comfort Lacing New Vintage Simple Outsole Formal shoes (Black Men's Oxford Boots Ankle Dress Boots Zip Boots Ankle Boots shoes Microfiber Leather Lace-Up Round Toe Cricket shoes), the author of this post, is a queer Asian public artist, filmmaker and poet.
The moment I walked away from painting this piece, I knew it was going to be defaced. I just didn't know how soon. I made this piece as a prayer to the queer body—in a world where LGBTQ people are thrown into the margins. When home does not exist for us in this world, where can we discover home other than within the beauty of our own bodies? Sometimes that home-making looks like masturbation. This piece, resting at the top of the Lanikai Pillbox Hike in Kailua, Hawaii, lasted barely two days before the word "queer" was crossed out, and a penis was spray painted between the hands. This leaves me wondering: is queer street art/graffiti perpetually destined to be short-lived? What does that have to say about the safety of queer people of color in America and the world?
When queer people of color have no safe havens, religions, or churches in this society, we must turn to our own bodies for safety. In the same way a lover's touch across a chest can calm the fiercest of storms, when I touch myself, I become my own queer lover. For one moment, all the forces that marginalize me cease to exist.
When I wrote this poem and birthed it into public space, I was thinking about what it could mean for queer people to happen upon acknowledgement of their own survival at the top of a long hike. I was thinking about queer immigrant children whose identities are rejected by homophobic parents and the complicated push and pull of duty and desire when you still love your family but also love yourself enough to know some identities run deeper than bone and cannot be unlearned. I was thinking about the dancers who lost their lives in the Pulse nightclub shooting, and all the queer bars and clubs across this world that have learned to operate underground. I was thinking about the late Chinese photographer Ren Hang, and queer and transgender warriors who were already living in a future so brilliant, this world was not ready for them. I was thinking about all the times where the violences of this world collapsed in on me and I too didn't know how much longer I could stay in this world, but somehow, by touching myself, or making a piece of art, I rooted my body back into the Earth and found the resilience within me to live another morning.
Birthing queer poems and murals often feels akin to what I imagine it would be like to be a mother to queer children. I imagine bracing them for the violence of this society, preparing them for a never-ending war—where they will be bullied, forced into a closet, or pressured to camouflage with their heteronormative surroundings. Yet no violence or silencing will stop me from giving queer art the beautiful life and care that it deserves. Body bent over the wall, for once in my life, I was able to share the intimate experience of my survival in public space and make a poem out of it. These words were sacred to me, and when they appeared as a monumental prayer, surrounded by the roaring Pacific, it felt as if there were not one but thousands of mornings left for me to live.
The erasure of the word "queer" and the painting of a penis on top of a queer woman's art is a reflection of the patriarchal and homophobic world we live in. If queer survival and masturbation is so threatening to this society, then I suppose it must be some type of magic. If our words are to be feared, crossed out and set to fire, let them burn bright like a meteorite and blind those who cannot acknowledge the beauty of queer survival. What the homophobic and transphobic world doesn't understand is that no matter how many times our identities are crossed out, there is an impenetrable home within our bodies, which we can always return to.
This resilience is ancestral. Like the genderless leopard slugs that hang upside down from trees and mutually penetrate, or polyamorous lesbian bonobo monkeys who resolve conflict through sex, queerness and sexual diversity has existed since the dawning of life on Earth. Black Z.L.F Oxford shoes for Men Driving Penny Moccasins Classic Suede Genuine Leather Soft Rubber Sole Loafers
I will continue to put queer joy and self-love into public space regardless of those it provokes because I believe in a queer future. I believe in a world where young queers can finally be affirmed by their own secrets on the streets and at the tops of buildings—whether they are just coming out, or have long celebrated their queer crushes, or are learning the beauty of self-pleasure for the first time. We have been invisibilized, burned, and marginalized long enough. Most importantly, I believe the truths that keep us living and in love must be made public.
Note: Thank you to queer multi-disciplinary artist, Warm Beige Easy Go Shopping Men's Fashion Ankle Work Boot Casual Personality Splicing Winter Faux Fleece Inside High Top Boot Cricket shoes and Hawaiian artist Ittai Wong for making this piece possible and uplifting me and the beautiful communities that surround you. A few of the themes brought up in this article came from Brown JIALUN-shoes Men's Loafers Slip on Drive Moccasin Suede Leather Fashion Buckle Slippers Penny Boat shoes by Greta Gard.
Thank you Ocean Vuong, and his poem Brown (Light Tan) Clarks Men's Tri Native Low-Top Sneakers for giving me the courage to bring these thoughts to poetry. Thank you Brown JUJIANFU-shoes Fashion Men's Low Top Business shoes Matte Hollow Carving Genuine Leather Lace Up Breathable Lined Oxfords for giving me the courage to bring my poetry to the streets.
Thank you Ren Hang (March 30, 1987-February 24, 2017) wherever you are, I hope there is no censorship, or borders, only joy.
Photos by Chad Shomura, Ren Hang, and Ittai Wong


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October Is For Water skiers: 2014 U.S. Open and Rocketman kick off in Lake Grew as well as Lake Ivanhoe and Mapple Lake respectively. I've been out of water skiing for quite some time now but the performances have kept escalating as one would expect. As a past water ski tournament competitor and collegiate skier for Florida Southern College, I was astounded by the performances by both the women and the men. The level that this sport has moved to since I three-event skied is astounding. Many positive changes have occurred to help the athletes to achieve the performances but what one can clearly see is that the athleticism has sky-rocketed and I must say I am so happy to see "my sport" achieving such a level of what world-class athletes should. Also, my hat is off and much respect must be given to the organizers, coaches, parents, and sponsors as all are needed to grow a sport.
I spent the better part of last week photographing many of the top athletes in the sport. Here are some of the images I captured of this beautiful sport of water skiing. Enjoy the power and the grace this sport embodies is frozen imagery.


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These happy horses are feeling great, and they're not at all afraid to show it - just watch them go!
Nothing is better than happy horses. When horses are feeling good, they play, run around, and show off just how fast and strong they are. When you see your horse playing and goofing around, it's a good thing - it means he feels good and that he has enough energy to gallop across the pasture and leap straight up into the air. Happy horses reassure their owners that they're doing just fine.
These two happy horses are having a great time together. Something has gotten them wound up and they're doing laps around the ring, and the jumps and jump poles don't stand in their way in the slightest. They're so excited and so cute - just take a look!
Horses are often happiest when they're in the company of other horses. Herd animals by nature, horses are reassured by the presence of others. In the wild, horses travel in herds for safety.
There are always herd members to stay on the lookout for predators while other horses sleep. A predator is less likely to attack a herd of horses than it is to attack a single horse, so horses instinctively know that it's safer to be in a herd.
But horse company serves another purpose, too. Socialization is important for horses. When your horse has another pasture buddy with him, he's more likely to play and move about, which is good for his digestion and mental health. Horses also engage in mutual grooming which helps to relieve stress and get rid of itchy spots.
READ MORE: 10 Hilariously Happy Horses That Will Make Your Day
If at all possible, try to give your horse another equine turnout buddy. If your horse can't share a paddock with another horse, then try to position him so that he shares a fence line with other horses. This can help to reduce boredom and stress, and can keep your horse happy, too.
Tell us what you think of these happy horses in the comments below!
WATCH NOW: Endo the Blind Horse Is an Inspiration