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In the first part of this tutorial, you learned how to create quite advanced schemas using all available validation keywords. Many real-world examples of JSON data are more complex than our user example. An attempt to put all the requirements to such data in one file may lead to very a large schema that may also have a lot of duplication.
The JSON-schema standard allows you to break schemas into multiple parts. Let's look at the example of the data for the news site navigation:
{ "level": 1, "parent_id": null, "visitors": "all", "color": "white", "pages": [ { "page_id": 1, "short_name": "home", "display_name": "Home", "url": "/home", "navigation": { "level": 2, "parent_id": 1, "color": "blue", "pages": [ { "page_id": 11, "short_name": "headlines", "display_name": "Latest headlines", "url": "/home/latest", "navigation": { "level": 3, "parent_id": 11, "color": "white", "pages": [ { "page_id": 111, "short_name": "latest_all", "display_name": "All", "url": "/home/latest" }, ... ] } }, { "page_id": 12, "short_name": "events", "display_name": "Events", "url": "/home/events" } ] } }, ... ] }
The navigation structure above is somewhat similar to the one you can see on the website http://dailymail.co.uk. You can see a more complete example in the GitHub repository.
The data structure is complex and recursive, but the schemas describing this data are quite simple:
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "id": "http://mynet.com/schemas/navigation.json#", "title": "Navigation", "definitions": { "positiveIntOrNull": { "type": ["null", "integer"], "minimum": 1 } }, "type": "object", "additionalProperties": false, "required": [ "level", "parent_id", "color", "pages" ], "properties": { "level": { "$ref": "defs.json#/definitions/positiveInteger" }, "parent_id": { "$ref": "#/definitions/positiveIntOrNull" }, "visitors": { "enum": [ "all", "subscribers", "age18" ] }, "color": { "$ref": "defs.json#/definitions/color" }, "pages": { "type": "array", "items": { "$ref": "page.json#" } } } }
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "id": "http://mynet.com/schemas/page.json#", "title": "Page", "type": "object", "additionalProperties": false, "required": [ "page_id", "short_name", "display_name", "path" ], "properties": { "page_id": { "$ref": "defs.json#/definitions/positiveInteger" }, "short_name": { "type": "string", "pattern": "^[a-z_]+$" }, "display_name": { "type": "string", "minLength": 1 }, "path": { "type": "string", "pattern": "^(?:/[a-z_\\-]+)+$" }, "color": { "$ref": "defs.json#/definitions/color" }, "navigation": { "$ref": "navigation.json#" } } }
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "id": "http://mynet.com/schemas/defs.json#", "title": "Definitions", "definitions": { "positiveInteger": { "type": "integer", "minimum": 1 }, "color": { "anyOf": [ { "enum": [ "red", "green", "blue", "white" ] }, { "type": "string", "pattern": "^#(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})){3}$" } ] } } }
Have a look at the schemas above and the navigation data they describe (that is valid according to the schema
navigation.json). The main thing to notice is that the schema
navigation.json references the schema
page.json that in its turn references the first one.
JavaScript code to validate the user record against the schema could be:
var Ajv = require('ajv'); var ajv = Ajv({ allErrors: true, schemas: [ require('./navigation.json'), require('./page.json'), require('./defs.json') ] }); var validate = ajv.getSchema("http://mynet.com/schemas/navigation.json#"); var valid = validate(navigationData); if (!valid) console.log(validate.errors);
All the code samples are available in the GitHub Repository.
Ajv, the validator used in the example, is the fastest JSON-Schema validator for JavaScript. I created it, so I am going to use it in this tutorial. We will look at how it compares with other validators in the end so you can choose the right one for you.
See part 1 of the tutorial for instructions on how to install the repository with the tasks and to test your answers.
The JSON-Schema standard allows you to reuse the repeated parts of schemas using references with the "$ref" keyword. As you can see from the navigation example, you can reference the schema that is located:
You can also refer to the whole current schema using "$ref" equal to "#"—it allows you to create recursive schemas referring to themselves.
So in our example, the schema in
navigation.json refers to:
definitions in the schema
positiveIntOrNull in the same schema
The schema in
page.json refers:
definitions in the file
The standard requires that the "$ref" should be the only property in the object, so if you want to apply a referenced schema in addition to another schema, you have to use the "allOf" keyword.
Refactor the user schema from part 1 of the tutorial using references. Separate the schema in two files:
user.json and
Put your schemas in the files
part2/task1/user.json and
part2/task1/connection.json and run
node part2/task1/validate to check if your schemas are correct.
JSON-pointer is a standard defining the paths to the parts of JSON files. The standard is described in RFC6901.
This path consists of segments (that can be any string) connected with the "/" character. If the segment contains characters "~" or "/", they should be replaced with "~0" and "~1". Each segment means the property or the index in the JSON data.
If you look at the navigation example, the "$ref" that defines the
color property is "defs.json#/definitions/color", where "defs.json#" is the schema URI and "/definitions/color" is the JSON pointer. It points to the property
color inside property
The convention is to put all the parts of the schema that are used in refs inside the
definitions property of the schema (as you can see in the example). Although the JSON-schema standard reserves the
definitions keyword for this purpose, it is not required to put your subschemas there. JSON-pointer allows you to refer to any part of the JSON file.
When JSON pointers are used in URIs, all the characters that are invalid in URIs should be escaped (in JavaScript the global function
encodeURIComponent can be used).
JSON-pointers can be used not only in JSON-schemas. They can be used to represent the path in JSON data to any property or item. You can use the library json-pointer to access objects with JSON-pointers.
The JSON file below describes the folders and files structure (folder names start with "/"):
{ "/": { "/documents": { "my_story~.rtf": { "type": "document", "application": ["Word", "TextEdit"], "size": 30476 }, ... }, "/system": { "/applications": { "Word": { "type": "executable", "size": 1725058307 }, ... } } } }
What are the JSON pointers that point to:
Put your answers in
part2/task2/json_pointers.json and run
node part2/task2/validate to check them.
Schemas usually have a top-level "id" property that has the schema URI. When "$ref" is used in a schema, its value is treated as a URI that is resolved relatively to the schema "id".
The resolution works in the same way as the browser resolves URIs that are not absolute—they are resolved relatively to the schema URI that is in its "id" property. If "$ref" is a filename, it replaces the filename in the "id". In the navigation example, the navigation schema id is
"http://mynet.com/schemas/navigation.json#", so when reference
"page.json#" is resolved, the full URI of the page schema becomes
"http://mynet.com/schemas/page.json#" (that is the "id" of the
page.json schema).
If the "$ref" of the page schema were a path, e.g.
"/page.json", then it would have been resolved as
"http://mynet.com/page.json#". And
"/folder/page.json" would have been resolved as
If "$ref" starts from the "#" character, it is treated as a hash fragment and is appended to the path in the "id" (replacing the hash fragment in it). In the navigation example, the reference
"defs.json#/definitions/color" is resolved as
"http://mynet.com/schemas/defs.json#/definitions/color" where
"http://mynet.com/schemas/defs.json#" is the ID of the definitions schema and
"/definitions/color" is treated as a JSON pointer inside it.
If "$ref" were a full URI with a different domain name, in the same way links work in the browser, it would have been resolved as the same full URI.
The JSON-schema standard allows you to use "id" inside the schema to identify these subschemas and also to change the base URI relative to which inner references will be resolved—it's called "changing resolution scope". That is probably one of the most confusing parts of the standard, and that's why it is not very commonly used.
I would not recommend over-using internal IDs, with one exception below, for two reasons:
We will still look into how it works because you may encounter schemas that use internal IDs and there are cases when using them helps with structuring your schemas.
Firstly, let's look at our navigation example. Most of the references are in the
definitions object and that makes references quite long. There is a way to shorten them by adding IDs to the definitions. This is the updated
defs.json schema:
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "id": "http://mynet.com/schemas/defs.json#", "title": "Definitions", "definitions": { "positiveInteger": { "id": "#positiveInteger", "type": "integer", "minimum": 1 }, "color": { "id": "#color", "anyOf": [ { "enum": [ "red", "green", "blue", "white" ] }, { "type": "string", "pattern": "^#(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})){3}$" } ] } } }
Now instead of references
"defs.json#/definitions/positiveInteger" and
"defs.json#/definitions/color" that are used in navigation and page schemas, you can use shorter references:
"defs.json#positiveInteger" and
"defs.json#color". That's a very common usage of internal IDs as it allows you to make your references shorter and more readable. Please note that while this simple case will be handled correctly by most JSON-schema validators, some of them may not support it.
Let's look at a more complex example with IDs. Here's the sample JSON schema:
{ "id": "http://x.y.z/rootschema.json#", "definitions": { "bar": { "id": "#bar", "type": "string" } }, "subschema": { "id": "http://somewhere.else/completely.json#", "definitions": { "bar": { "id": "#bar", "type": "integer" } }, "type": "object", "properties": { "foo": { "$ref": "#bar" } } }, "type": "object", "properties": { "bar": { "$ref": "#/subschema" }, "baz": { "$ref": "#/subschema/properties/foo" }, "bax": { "$ref": "http://somewhere.else/completely.json#bar" } } }
In very few lines, it became very confusing. Have a look at the example and try to figure out which property should be a string and which one an integer.
The schema defines an object with properties
baz and
bax. Property
bar should be an object that is valid according to the subschema, which requires that its property
foo is valid according to the
"bar" reference. Because the subschema has its own "id", the full URI for the reference will be
"http://somewhere.else/completely.json#bar", so it should be an integer.
Now look at the properties
baz and
bax. The references for them are written in a different way, but they point to the same reference
"http://somewhere.else/completely.json#bar" and they both should be integers. Although the property
baz points directly to the schema
{ "$ref": "#bar" }, it should still be resolved relative to the ID of the subschema because it is inside it. So the object below is valid according to this schema:
{ "bar": { "foo": 1 }, "baz": 2, "bax": 3 }
Many JSON schema validators will not handle it correctly, and that's why IDs that change the resolution scope should be used with caution.
Solving this puzzle will help you better understand how references and changing resolution scope work. Your schema is:
{ "id": "http://x.y.z/rootschema.json#", "title": "Task 3", "description": "Schema with references - create a valid data", "definitions": { "my_data": { "id": "#my_data", "type": "integer" } }, "schema1": { "id": "#foo", "allOf": [ { "$ref": "#my_data" } ] }, "schema2": { "id": "otherschema.json", "definitions": { "my_data": { "id": "#my_data", "type": "string" } }, "nested": { "id": "#bar", "allOf": [ { "$ref": "#my_data" } ] }, "alsonested": { "id": "t/inner.json#baz", "definitions": { "my_data": { "id": "#my_data", "type": "boolean" } }, "allOf": [ { "$ref": "#my_data" } ] } }, "schema3": { "id": "http://somewhere.else/completely#", "definitions": { "my_data": { "id": "#my_data", "type": "null" } }, "allOf": [ { "$ref": "#my_data" } ] }, "type": "object", "properties": { "foo": { "$ref": "#foo" }, "bar": { "$ref": "otherschema.json#bar" }, "baz": { "$ref": "t/inner.json#baz" }, "bax": { "$ref": "http://somewhere.else/completely#" }, "quux": { "$ref": "#/schema3/allOf/0" } }, "required": [ "foo", "bar", "baz", "bax", "quux" ] }
Create an object that is valid according to this schema.
Put your answer in
part2/task3/valid_data.json and run
node part2/task3/validate to check it.
Until now we were looking at different schemas referring to each other without paying attention to how they are loaded to the validator.
One approach is to have all connected schemas preloaded like we had in the navigation example above. But there are situations when it is either not practical or impossible—for example, if the schema you need to use is supplied by another application, or if you don't know in advance all the possible schemas that may be needed.
In such cases, the validator could load referenced schemas at the time when the data is validated. But that would make the validation process slow. Ajv allows you to compile a schema into a validating function asynchronously loading the missing referenced schemas in the process. The validation itself would still be synchronous and fast.
For example, if navigation schemas were available to download from the URIs in their IDs, the code to validate the data against the navigation schema could be this:
var Ajv = require('ajv'); var request = require('request'); var ajv = Ajv({ allErrors: true, loadSchema: loadSchema }); var _validateNav; // validation function will be cached here once loaded and compiled function validateNavigation(data, callback) { if (_validateNav) setTimeout(_validate); loadSchema('http://mynet.com/schemas/navigation.json', function(err, schema) { if (err) return callback(err); ajv.compileAsync(schema, function(err, v) { if (err) callback(err); else { _validateNav = v; _validate(); } }); }); function _validate() { var valid = _validateNav(data); callback(null, { valid: valid, errors: _validateNav.errors }); } } function loadSchema(uri, callback) { request.json(uri, function(err, res, body) { if (err || res.statusCode >= 400) callback(err || new Error('Loading error: ' + res.statusCode)); else callback(null, body); }); }
The code defines the
validateNavigation function that loads the schema and compiles the validation function when it is called the first time and always returns the validation result via the callback. There are various ways to improve it, from preloading and compiling the schema separately, before it is used the first time, to accounting for the fact that the function can be called multiple times before it has managed caching the schema (
ajv.compileAsync already ensures that the schema is always requested only once).
Now we will look at the new keywords that are proposed for version 5 of the JSON-schema standard.
Although these proposals haven't been finalised as a standard draft, they can be used today—the Ajv validator implements them. They substantially expand what you can validate using JSON-schema, so it's worth using them.
To use all these keywords with Ajv, you need to use the option
v5: true.
These keywords are added for convenience.
The "constant" keyword requires that the data is equal to the value of the keyword. Without this keyword, it could have been achieved with the "enum" keyword with one item in the array of elements.
This schema requires that the data is equal to 1:
{ "constant": 1 }
The "contains" keyword requires that some array element matches the schema in this keyword. This keyword applies to arrays only; any other data type will be valid according to it. It is a bit more difficult to express this requirement using only keywords from version 4, but it is possible.
This schema requires that if the data is an array then at least one of its items is integer:
{ "contains": { "type": "integer" } }
It is equivalent to this one:
{ "not": { "type": "array", "items": { "not": { "type": "integer" } } } }
For this schema to be valid, either data should not be an array or it should not have all its items non-integers (i.e. some item should be integer).
Please note that both the "contains" keyword and the equivalent schema above would fail if the data were an empty array.
This keyword is proposed as a replacement for "patternProperties". It allows you to limit the number of properties matching the pattern that should exist in the object. Ajv supports both "patternGroups" and "patternProperties" in v5 mode because the first one is much more verbose, and if you don't want to limit the number of properties you may prefer using the second one.
For example the schema:
{ "patternGroups": { "^[a-z]+$": { "schema": { "type": "string" } }, "^[0-9]+$": { "schema": { "type": "number" } } } }
is equivalent to this schema:
{ "patternProperties": { "^[a-z]+$": { "type": "string" }, "^[0-9]+$": { "type": "number" } } }
They both require that the object has only properties with keys consisting only of lowercase letters with values of type string and with keys consisting only of numbers with values of type number. They don't require any number of such properties, nor do they limit the maximum number. That's what you can do with "patternGroups":
{ "patternGroups": { "^[a-z]+$": { "minimum": 1, "maximum": 3, "schema": { "type": "string" } }, "^[0-9]+$": { "minimum": 1, "schema": { "type": "number" } } } }
The schema above has additional requirements: there should be at least one property matching each pattern and no more than three properties whose keys contain only letters.
You can't achieve the same with "patternProperties".
These keywords together with "exclusiveFormatMaximum" / "exclusiveFormatMinimum" allow you to set limits for time, date and potentially other string values that have format required with the "format" keyword.
This schema requires that data is a date and it's greater than or equal to January 1, 2016:
{ "format": "date", "formatMinimum": "2016-01-01" }
Ajv supports comparing formatted data for the formats "date", "time" and "date-time", and you can define custom formats that would support limits with the "formatMaximum" / "formatMaximum" keywords.
While all the previous keywords were either allowing you to better express what was possible without them or slightly extending the possibilities, they didn't change the declarative and static nature of the schema. This keyword allows you to make the validation dynamic and data-dependent. It contains multiple if-then cases.
It is easier to explain with an example:
{ "switch": [ { "if": { "minimum": 50 }, "then": { "multipleOf": 5 } }, { "if": { "minimum": 10 }, "then": { "multipleOf": 2 } }, { "if": { "maximum": 4 }, "then": false } ] }
The schema above sequentially validates the data against the subschemas in "if" keywords until one of them passes validation. When that happens, it validates the schema in the "then" keyword in the same object—that will be the result of the validation of the whole schema. If the value of "then" is
false, the validation immediately fails.
In this way, the schema above requires that the value is:
This particular set of requirements can be expressed without a switch keyword, but there are more complex cases when it is not possible.
Create the schema equivalent to the last example above without using a switch keyword.
Put your answer in
part2/task4/no_switch_schema.json and run
node part2/task4/validate to check it.
The "switch" keyword cases can also contain the "continue" keyword with a boolean value. If this value is
"schema": { "switch": [ { "if": { "minimum": 10 }, "then": { "multipleOf": 2 }, "continue": true }, { "if": { "minimum": 20 }, "then": { "multipleOf": 5 } } ] }
If the first "if" condition is satisfied and the "then" requirement is met, the validation will continue to check the second condition.
The "$data" keyword even further extends what is possible with JSON-schema and makes validation more dynamic and data-dependent. It allows you to put values from some data properties, items or keys into certain schema keywords.
For example, this schema defines an object with two properties where if both are defined, "larger" should be larger than or equal to "smaller"—the value in "smaller" is used as a minimum for "larger":
"schema": { "properties": { "smaller": {}, "larger": { "minimum": { "$data": "1/smaller" } } } }
Ajv implements the "$data" reference for most keywords whose values are not schemas. It fails validation if the "$data" reference points to an incorrect type and succeeds if it points to the undefined value (or if the path doesn't exist in the object).
So what is the string value in the "$data" reference? It looks similar to JSON-pointer but it is not exactly it. It is a relative JSON-pointer that is defined by this standard draft.
It consists of an integer number that defines how many times the lookup should traverse up the object (1 in the example above means a direct parent) followed by "#" or JSON pointer.
If the number is followed by "#" then the value JSON-pointer resolves to will be the name of the property or the index of the item the object has. In this way, "0#" in place of "1/smaller" would resolve to the string "larger", and "1#" would be invalid as the whole data is not a member of any object or array. This schema:
{ "type": "object", "patternProperties": { "^date$|^time$": { "format": { "$data": "0#" } } } }
is equivalent to this one:
{ "type": "object", "properties": { "date": { "format": "date" }, "time": { "format": "time" } } }
because { "$data": "0#" } is replaced with the property name.
If the number in the pointer is followed by JSON-pointer, then this JSON-pointer is resolved starting from the parent object this number refers to. You can see how it works in the first "smaller" / "larger" example.
Let's look again at our navigation example. One of the requirements you can see in the data is that the
page_id property in the page object is always equal to the
parent_id property in the contained navigation object. We can express this requirement in the
page.json schema using the "$data" reference:
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "id": "http://mynet.com/schemas/page.json#", ... "switch": [{ "if": { "required": [ "navigation" ] }, "then": { "properties": { "page_id": { "constant": { "$data": "1/navigation/parent_id" } } } } }] }
The "switch" keyword added to the page schema requires that if the page object has the
navigation property then the value of the
page_id property should be the same as the value of the
parent_id property in the navigation object. The same can be achieved without the "switch" keyword, but it is less expressive and contains duplication:
{ ... "anyOf": [ { "not": { "required": [ "navigation" ] } }, { "required": [ "navigation" ], "properties": { "page_id": { "constant": { "$data": "1/navigation/parent_id" } } } } ] }
Examples of relative JSON-pointers can be helpful.
Using v5 keywords, define the schema for the object with two required properties
list and
order. List should be an array that has up to five numbers. All items should be numbers and they should be ordered in ascending or descending order, as determined by the property
order that can be
"asc" or
For example, this is a valid object:
{ "list": [ 1, 3, 3, 6, 9 ], "order": "asc" }
and this is invalid:
{ "list": [ 9, 7, 3, 6, 2 ], "order": "desc" }
Put your answer in
part2/task5/schema.json and run
node part2/task5/validate to check it.
How would you create a schema with the same conditions but for a list of unlimited size?
We've looked at the new keywords that are proposed for version 5 of the JSON-schema standard. You can use them today, but sometimes you may want more. If you've done task 5, you probably have noticed that some requirements are difficult to express with JSON-schema.
Some validators, including Ajv, allow you to define custom keywords. Custom keywords:
One of the developers who uses Ajv wrote on GitHub:
"ajv with custom keywords has helped us a lot with business logic validation in our backend. We consolidated a whole bunch of controller-level validations into JSON-Schema with custom keywords. The net effect is far far better than writing individual validation code."
The concerns you have to be aware of when extending the JSON-schema standard with custom keywords are the portability and understanding of your schemas. You will have to support these custom keywords on other platforms and to properly document these keywords so that everybody can understand them in your schemas.
The best approach here is to define a new meta-schema that will be the extension of draft 4 meta-schema or "v5 proposals" meta-schema that will include both the validation of your additional keywords and their description. Then your schemas that use these custom keywords will have to set the
$schema property to the URI of the new meta-schema.
Now that you've been warned, we'll dive in and define a couple of custom keywords using Ajv.
Ajv provides four ways to define custom keywords that you can see in the documentation. We will look at two of them:
Let's start with the simple example of a range keyword. A range is simply a combination of minimum and maximum keywords, but if you have to define many ranges in your schema, especially if they have exclusive boundaries, it may easily become boring.
That's how the schema should look:
{ "range": [5, 10], "exclusiveRange": true }
where exclusive range is optional, of course. The code to define this keyword is below:
ajv.addKeyword('range', { type: 'number', compile: compileRange }); ajv.addKeyword('exclusiveRange'); // this is needed to reserve the keyword function compileRange(schema, parentSchema) { var min = schema[0]; var max = schema[1]; return parentSchema.exclusiveRange === true ? function (data) { return data > min && data < max; } : function (data) { return data >= min && data <= max; } }
And that's it! After this code you can use the
range keyword in your schemas:
var schema = { "range": [5, 10], "exclusiveRange": true }; var validate = ajv.compile(schema); console.log(validate(5)); // false console.log(validate(5.1)); // true console.log(validate(9.9)); // true console.log(validate(10)); // false
The object passed to
addKeyword is a keyword definition. It optionally contains the type (or types as an array) the keyword applies to. The compile function is called with parameters
schema and
parentSchema and should return another function that validates the data. That makes it almost as efficient as native keywords, because the schema is analysed during its compilation, but there is the cost of an extra function call during validation.
Ajv allows you to avoid this overhead with keywords that return the code (as a string) that will be made part of the validation function, but it is quite complex so we won't look at it here. The simpler way is to use macro keywords—you will have to define a function that takes the schema and returns another schema.
Below is the implementation of the range keyword with a macro function:
ajv.addKeyword('range', { type: 'number', macro: macroRange }); function macroRange(schema, parentSchema) { var resultSchema = { "minimum": schema[0], "maximum": schema[1] }; if (parentSchema.exclusiveRange === true) { resultSchema.exclusiveMimimum = resultSchema.exclusiveMaximum = true; } return resultSchema; }
You can see that the function simply returns the new schema that is equivalent to the
range keyword that uses keywords
maximum and
Let's also see how we can create a meta-schema that will include the
range keyword. We'll use draft 4 meta-schema as our starting point:
{ "id": "http://mynet.com/schemas/meta-schema-with.range.json#", "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "allOf": [ { "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#" }, { "properties": { "range": { "description": "1st item is minimum, 2nd is maximum", "type": "array", "items": [ { "type": "number" }, { "type": "number" } ], "additionalItems": false }, "exclusiveRange": { "type": "boolean", "default": false } }, "dependencies": { "exclusiveRange": [ "range" ] } } ] }
If you want to use "$data" references with the
range keyword, you will have to extend "v5 proposals" meta-schema that is included in Ajv (see the link above) so that these references can be the values of
range and
exclusiveRange. And while our first implementation will not support "$data" references, the second one with a macro-function will support them.
Now that you have a meta-schema, you need to add it to Ajv and use it in schemas using the
range keyword:
ajv.addMetaSchema(require('./meta-schema-with-range.json')); var schema = { "$schema": "http://mynet.com/schemas/meta-schema-with-range.json#", "range": [5, 10], "exclusiveRange": true }; var validate = ajv.compile(schema);
The code above would have thrown an exception if the invalid values were passed to
range or
Assume that you have defined the keyword
jsonPointers that applies the schemas to the deep properties defined by the JSON pointers that point to data starting from the current one. This keyword is useful with the
switch keyword as it allows you to define requirements for deep properties and items. For example, this schema using the
jsonPointers keyword:
{ "jsonPointers": { "0/books/2/title": { "pattern": "json|Json|JSON" }, } }
is equivalent to:
{ "properties": { "books": { "items": [ {}, {}, { "properties": { "title": { "pattern": "json|Json|JSON" } } } ] } } }
Assume that you also have defined the keyword
requiredJsonPointers that works similar to
required but with JSON-pointers instead of properties.
If you like, you can define these keywords yourself too, or you can see how they are defined in the file
Your task is: using keywords
jsonPointers and
requiredJsonPointers, define the keyword
select that is similar to the JavaScript
switch statement and has the syntax below (
otherwise and
fallthrough are optional):
{ "select": { "selector": "<relative JSON-pointer that starts from '0/'>", "cases": [ { "case": <value1>, "schema": { <schema1> }, "fallthrough": true }, { "case": <value2>, "schema": { <schema2> } }, ... ], "otherwise": { <defaultSchema> } } }
This syntax allows values of any type. Please note that
fallthrough is different from
continue in the
switch keyword.
fallthrough applies the schema from the next case to the data without checking that the selector is equal to the value from the next case (as it is most likely not equal).
Put your answers in
part2/task6/select_keyword.js and
part2/task6/v5-meta-with-select.json and run
node part2/task6/validate to check them.
Bonus 1: Improve your implementation to also support this syntax:
{ "select": { "selector": "<relative JSON-pointer that starts from '0/'>", "cases": { "<value1>": { <schema1> }, "<value2>": { <schema2> }, ... }, "otherwise": { <defaultSchema> } } }
It can be used if all values are different strings and there is no
Bonus 2: extend the "v5 proposals" meta-schema to include this keyword.
In addition to validating data, JSON-schemas can be used to:
You can look at the libraries that generate UI and data if you are interested. We won't explore it as it is out of the scope of this tutorial.
We will look at using JSON-schema to modify the data while it is being validated.
One of the common tasks while validating the data is removing the additional properties from the data. This allows you to sanitize the data before passing it to the processing logic without failing the schema validation:
var ajv = Ajv({ removeAdditional: true }); var schema = { "type": "object", "properties": { "foo": { "type": "string" } }, "additionalProperties": false }; var validate = ajv.compile(schema); var data: { foo: 1, bar: 2 }; console.log(validate(data)); // true console.log(data); // { foo: 1 };
Without the option
removeAdditional, the validation would have failed, as there is an additional property
bar that is not allowed by the schema. With this option, validation passes and the property is removed from the object.
When the
removeAdditional option value is
true, additional properties are removed only if the
additionalProperties keyword is false. Ajv also allows you to remove all additional properties, regardless of the
additionalProperties keyword, or additional properties that fail validation (if the
additionalProperties keyword is the schema). Please look at the Ajv documentation for more information.
The JSON-schema standard defines the keyword "default" that contains a value that the data should have if it is not defined in the validated data. Ajv allows you to assign such defaults in the process of validation:
var ajv = Ajv({ useDefaults: true }); var schema = { "type": "object", "properties": { "foo": { "type": "number" }, "bar": { "type": "string", "default": "baz" } }, "required": [ "foo", "bar" ] }; var data = { "foo": 1 }; var validate = ajv.compile(schema); console.log(validate(data)); // true console.log(data); // { "foo": 1, "bar": "baz" }
Without the option
useDefaults, the validation would have failed, as there is no required property
bar in the validated object. With this option, the validation passes and the property with the default value is added to the object.
"type" is one of the most commonly used keywords in JSON-schemas. When you are validating user inputs, all your data properties you get from forms are usually strings. Ajv allows you to coerce the data to the types specified in the schema, both to pass the validation and to use the correctly typed data afterwards:
var ajv = Ajv({ coerceTypes: true }); var schema = { "type": "object", "properties": { "foo": { "type": "number" }, "bar": { "type": "boolean" } }, "required": [ "foo", "bar" ] }; var data = { "foo": "1", "bar": "false" }; var validate = ajv.compile(schema); console.log(validate(data)); // true console.log(data); // { "foo": 1, "bar": false }
There are more than ten actively supported JavaScript validators available. Which one should you use?
You can see the benchmarks of performance and of how different validators pass the tests suite from the JSON-schema standard in the project json-schema-benchmark.
There are also distinctive features that some validators have that can make them the most suitable for your project. I will compare some of them below.
These two validators are very fast and have very simple interfaces. They both compile schemas to JavaScript functions, as Ajv does.
Their disadvantage is that they both have limited support of remote references.
This is one-of-a-kind library where JSON-schema validation is almost a side effect.
It is built as a generic and easily extensible JSON-schema processor/iterator that you can use to build all sorts of tools that use JSON-schema: UI generators, templates, etc.
It already has relatively fast JSON-schema validator included.
It doesn't support remote references at all, though.
The slowest in the group of fast validators, it has a comprehensive set of features, with a limited support of remote references.
Where it really shines is its implementation of the
default keyword. While the majority of validators have limited support of this keyword (Ajv is not an exception), Themis has a very complex logic of applying defaults with rollbacks inside compound keywords such as
Performance-wise, this very mature validator is on the border between fast and slow validators. It was probably one of the fastest before the new breed of compiled validators appeared (all of the above and Ajv).
It passes almost all the tests from the JSON-schema test suite for validators, and it has quite thorough implementation of remote references.
It has a large set of options allowing you to tweak the default behaviour of many JSON-schema keywords (e.g., not accept empty arrays as arrays or empty sets of strings) and to impose additional requirements on JSON schemas (e.g., require the
minLength keyword for strings).
I think that in most cases, both modifying schema behaviours and including requests to other services in JSON-schema are the wrong things to do. But there are cases when the ability to do so simplifies a lot.
This is one of the oldest (and slowest) validators supporting version 4 of the standard. As such it is often a default choice for many projects.
If you are using it, it is very important to understand how it reports errors and missing references and to configure it correctly, otherwise you will be getting many false positives (i.e., the validation passes with invalid data or unresolved remote references).
Formats are not included by default, but they are available as a separate library.
I wrote Ajv because all the existing validators were either fast or compliant with the standard (especially with regards to supporting remote references) but not both. Ajv filled that gap.
At the moment it is the only validator that:
$data references
It has options to modify the validation process and to modify validated data (filtering, assigning defaults and coercing types—see the examples above).
I think the best approach is to try several and to choose the one that works best for you.
I wrote json-schema-consolidate, which supplies a collection of adapters that unify the interfaces of 12 JSON-schema validators. Using this tool you can spend less time switching between validators. I recommend removing it once you have decided which validator to use, as keeping it would negatively affect performance.
This is it! I hope this tutorial was useful. You have learned about:
Thanks for reading!
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Zu dieser ISBN ist aktuell kein Angebot verf�gbar.Alle Exemplare der Ausgabe mit dieser ISBN anzeigen:
Albert oehlen int. (collector). editado por Benedikt taschen verlag
Die Inhaltsangabe kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen.
This is the definitive monograph of Oehlen's work to date. This XL retrospective explores Albert Oehlen's entire career chronologically and examines his creative process via in-depth texts. Limited to 1,000 copies, each numbered and signed by the artist.Albert Oehlen seeks the limits of painting in his work, challenging viewers to abandon their instinctive expectations. His early work in the late 1970s - when painting was decidedly out of fashion - was associated with a so-called 'bad painting' movement, in that it aimed at challenging ideas about what makes a painting 'good' or 'bad'; a recent exhibition in London was, somewhat ironically, entitled 'I Will Always Champion Good Painting'. With an approach he describes as 'post-non-representational', Oehlen uses painting not only as a way to convey meaning, but also as a means of exploring the function a painting can serve - often a painting's title itself gives the work an entirely new dimension. Never without a touch of tongue-in-cheek humor, his work seems to be winking at us as it dares us to change the way we look at art. Combining subtlety and sophistication with chaos and brutality, Oehlen has left an indelible mark on contemporary painting.This XL monograph explores all groups of Oehlen's work chronologically via genre-oriented approach, such as mud-colored paintings, mirror paintings, computer paintings, and so forth. Like a series of interlocking episodes, the chapters of the book draw the reader into a complex drama of constantly evolving themes. In-depth texts get to the root of Oehlen's creative process, and an exhaustive bibliography and biography round out this comprehensive study. While Oehlen fans will rejoice at the publication of this breathtaking book, no one with an interest in contemporary art can afford pass up this unique opportunity to discover Oehlen's work. And to anyone who says painting is obsolete: we beg to differ. This book is also available in an Art Edition, limited to 100 copies and with an original artwork by Albert Oehlen.Biograf�a del autor:
Albert Oehlen is a contemporary German artist. His art concentrates on painting, installations and music. Closely associated with the Cologne art scene along with Martin Kippenberger among others, his work is related to the "Neue Wilde" movement. Oehlen comes to painting and art media out of the 70s interest in democratizing high art which allows him to view painting for example, as he says, "with a certain disdain, or at least a lack of respect. So I can romp around in it. And now that I'm having fun with it, I can take its pstualtes very seriously." Book designer and editor Hans Werner Holzwarth started as a typographer and communication designer, then co-led his own company for corporate design. Since 1992, Holzwarth has focused on book design, collaborating with Larry Clark, Robert Frank, Nan Goldin, Boris Mikhailov, Issey Miyake, Albert Oehlen, Richard Prince, Ed Ruscha, Kiki Smith, Juergen Teller, Jeff Wall, John Waters, Christopher Wool, and many others. His many titles for TASCHEN include Taschen Collection, Martin Kippenberger, and Jeff Koons.
��ber diesen Titel� kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen.
Von Kanada nach USA
Buchbeschreibung Taschen America Llc, 2009. Hardcover. Zustand: As New. Taschen 2009. Hardcover. Condition: Like New. multilingual edition. 500 pages. Bestandsnummer des Verk�ufers ABE-1538859629794
Weitere Informationen zu diesem Verk�ufer | Verk�ufer kontaktieren
Buchbeschreibung BENEDIKT TASCHEN VERLAG. Zustand: Muy Bueno / Very Good. Bestandsnummer des Verk�ufers 100000000492367
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text:
Eight people were ejected and two children seriously injured when the SUV they were in overturned several times Saturday evening in Walton County.
A 2001 Dodge Durango, carrying 10 family members and friends, was southbound on Preston Road when the driver, Jeremy Gillstrap Sr., apparently lost control of the SUV, Gordy Wright, spokesman for the Georgia State Patrol, said late Saturday. Charges are pending against Gillstrap, Wright said.
Gillstrap, 26, traveled onto the shoulder, then over-corrected, sending the SUV across the roadway and causing it to overturn several times, Wright said. Gillstrap and two children in booster seats were not seriously injured, Wright said.
Seven people, all between the ages of 2 and 19, were transported to various hospitals for treatment, Wright said.
Matthew Gillstrap, 11, Jeremy Gillstrap Jr., 6, and Grady Gillstrap, 4, were all flown to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston. Lindsay Garrett, 17, Jessie Morgan, 19, and Taylor Hendrix, 17, were transported to Athens Regional Medical Center. Lydia Gillstrap, 2, was taken to Walton Medical Center.
Matthew and Lindsay sustained the most serious injuries, Wright said.
Everyone in the SUV was from the Monroe area, about 45 miles east of Atlanta.
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text:
How's That Waiting Working?
How's that waiting working for you?
It's Advent. The darkest part of the year.
Our daylight is short and our lists are so long. We've marked dates on our calendars with parties, events, programs. Some of them make; others have to be passed by for all kinds of reasons.
I keep thinking of Mary and then I think of the modern phrase 'life happens'.
She consented with the simple line, "Be it unto me according to your Word.'
…and then dealt with unwed pregnancy, a trip on a donkey to Bethlehem and no room in the inn.
She gave birth in a stall. She laid her newborn, her firstborn, in an animal's feed trough.
Did she know he was the bread of life? Did she know His body would be our food and drink?
As part of my Advent practice, I'm reading St. John's Gospel and some of you are joining me.
When I got to John 14, what seemed to leap from the page to me was this: "I will ask the Father and He will give you another Advocate to be with you forever." (v. 16)
I am not alone. I am NEVER alone.
Then in the same conversation, Jesus says, "The Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything and remind you of all that I have said to you. Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you." (v. 26-27)
He knows I'm going to forget and it's OK because He will teach me, and remind me, and reteach me.
I'm a teacher. I'm not currently going to a classroom every day, but my heart will always be one of a teacher. I wasn't angry when my students couldn't remember. I asked them questions. I prodded them lovingly. I reminded them of what I'd taught them every day because I loved them…
…because I loved them.
He's going to remind me. That's peace. I can exhale. I can relax. I'll know what I need to know. I'll remember what I need to remember.
Love teaches. Love reminds. Loves reteaches…for as long as it takes because Love wants you to know what it knows. Love knows what is good and wants to give it to you to equip you for living your life.
What happens to us is filtered through Love's hand for us and He is in the midst of it with us. As close as our inhale and our exhale.
Whatever your Advent practices are or are not (and it's OK not to have any at all), they are for our benefit, but they are not a measuring stick for whether He is with us or is teaching us or reminding us.
And when you forget even to pray…that's OK too. Others are praying on your behalf. That is body-of-Christ life.
May you have the peace of knowing your Advocate in the waiting.


text:
Telangana housing boards to pay Rs 1.58 lakh
A district consumer forum here directed Telangana State and Andhra Pradesh Housing Boards to pay 1.58 lakh to a consumer for failing to refund the amount paid by him for a flat after dropping the idea of a housing scheme which they had introduced.
Complainant Shaik Abdul Rahaman said that he had submitted an application for allotment of a flat under 'Low Income Group (LIG) Housing Scheme' at Red Hills, Hyderabad, along with the demand draft for Rs 1.45 lakh as Earnest Money Deposit (EMD) on December 28, 2013.
He said as per the notification, the then housing board was to complete the project in 12 months from date of entering into agreement. He said that he approached them several times to know the status of the scheme, but received no satisfactory reply.
The Telangana State Housing Board, in its written version, submitted that it had clearly mentioned in notification terms and conditions that it reserves the right to take up the scheme, cancel or modify it without further information. It submitted that due to legal issues the scheme was dropped and it was making arrangements to refund EMD amounts. "Unfortunately the accounts of board were attached by the Income Tax Department and the same could not refund (sic). Subsequently when the attachment was raised by the IT Department, the Opposite Party was making arrangements for refund of the amount of the scheme in question but without any interest thereon, since the same was agreed upon but the Complainant was not inclined to receive the same and was demanding for interest," said the board.


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The Art of the Prank
Sunday, April 1, 2007
Your stapler is encased in Jell-O, your desk has been moved to the bathroom and you start receiving faxes from yourself . . . from the future.
Another Monday morning at the office, or, rather, "The Office." The NBC sitcom is a thesis on how we use pranks to deliver ourselves from the purgatory of dullness and discipline. It's also just one part of an entertainment niche founded on watching people get pranked.
That art -- and it is an art, as you'll see -- has never been more alive and sophisticated, says the self-described King of Dot-Comedy, Sir John Hargrave, who is not, in fact, a knight. He changed his first name to "Sir" a while back to prank Buckingham Palace, which he haggled for the requisite knightly benefits.
"I would argue that Sacha Baron Cohen doing Borat, Stephen Colbert doing his character -- those are extended performance-art pranks," says Hargrave, creator of the comedy Web site Zug and author of "Prank the Monkey." "It's very attractive to us in this day where we're so media-saturated that it's hard to tell fiction from nonfiction and real media from fake media and truth from spin."
But pranking seems to be the province of Pam 'n' Jim and "Punk'd," Cohen and Colbert. We regular citizens, we've got reputations to uphold. And somewhere along the line, college campuses -- whose draconian rules once nurtured rebellion -- got too lax. Politics got too strict.
In Washington, in particular, the market for pranks bottomed out after Watergate, says Ross K. Baker, professor of political science at Rutgers University and author of "House and Senate."
"A kind of seriousness has come over politicians, and a tremendous amount of caution, for fear that a prank will somehow be interpreted as a dirty trick," Baker says. "People are much more guarded about what they say. The consequence leads to a much more constrained political discussion."
Small pranks involving congressional pages are still legion today, though, according to Senate historian Richard Baker. Sometimes senators send rookies to look for a congressional record player, an official bill stretcher or some other fictional object, he says.
Britain's royals, apparently, also indulge in pranking. Last month, British papers reported that princes William and Harry recorded this outgoing phone message for the queen: "Hey, wassup! This is Liz. Sorry I'm away from the throne. For a hotline to Philip, press one. For Charles, press two. And for the corgis, press three."
Simple, harmless, effective. The hallmarks of a good prank.
A Day to Give Pranks
The original April Fools' prank was the wild-goose chase.
In the 18th century, the Scottish would send a "gowk" (a gullible person) around town with a note that said, "Never laugh, never smile, send the gowk another mile," according to Alex Boese, proprietor of the Museum of Hoaxes Web site. The receiver of the note would come up with another errand for the gowk, who'd be handed off from house to house on a wild-goose chase.
Pranking has since diversified, of course, and though you can debate the differences between a hoax, a prank and a practical joke, there are certain elements to consider when preparing any of these. In honor of April Fools' Day, here's a buffet of insights into pranking.
And if you have a problem with us advocating bad behavior, here's our editor's direct line: 202-334-6354. Call her up and ask for Little Debbie Snack Cake. (She loves that.)
Last-Minute Larks
You can find a gowk and send him off to get an unobtainable item (like striped paint or a one-ended stick), but Boese offers these practical jokes as simple ways to fill your prank quota today:
· Use a rubber band to depress the handle of a kitchen sink's extra nozzle (you know, that detachable spray thing) so that it spritzes anyone who turns on the water.
· Dip cotton balls in chocolate and arrange them on a platter like truffles. Place them in a central location at home or work. Advertise the availability of the "treats." Delight in the reactions.
· Cover an area with sticky notes. It can be anything: a door, a cubicle. But a whole car is the ideal.
"If somebody isn't getting annoyed, it's not really successful," says Boese, who believes we prank to vent some repressed hostility. "It has to be slightly obnoxious."
From your desk stretches the office landscape: gray, sedate, cubicular. It begs to be stirred up.
In the course of his work touting the effectiveness of humor and playfulness in the workplace, Dunkelblau has heard some good pranks. He offers this one as the gold standard:
"A community service organization had a new caseworker starting, and they gave her a fake case and name and said, 'Just check with the other staff to find out about it,' " Dunkelblau says. "Each person she asked about this case would say, 'Oh gosh, again? It happened again?' And that's all they would say. They'd say, 'Talk to somebody else.' They even had the local police liaison involved. They had her call him, and she said, 'No one will tell me what's going on.' And he said, 'It has to do with alien abduction, but you can't tell anybody about this.' And they had her going the whole day.
"It's a great example of how something incredible became more and more believable as it evolved."
It's a riff on the wild-goose chase. Tried and true.
See three of our favorite office
Pranks With Purpose
Twenty-one years ago, Joey Skaggs punked The Washington Post. He sent fake press releases alerting major media outlets to a 24-hour surveillance team called the Fat Squad, whose commandos-for-hire hounded dieters. The Post and others reported on it, then ran follow-ups to admit that they'd been victims of a hoax. Skaggs said he did it to call attention to the gullibility of the media and the public.
"I'm trying to raise the level of consciousness pertaining to pranks," says Skaggs, who's been at it for over 40 years. "It is a fine art that incorporates many aspects of talents: writing to acting to directing to doing videography to doing a fake commercial."
His new Web site, the Art of the Prank ( http:/
Pomposity Busters
Sir John Hargrave, the King of Dot-Comedy who reigns over the Web site Zug, recommends aiming to upset the power structure. "Like the Marx Brothers going into a high-society ball or Borat going into that genteel Southern dinner with a bag of his feces, we love seeing the big guy go down, and it gives us a sense of the little guy winning," he says.
Posing as a 9-year-old, Hargrave sent letters to every U.S. senator asking them for their favorite joke. He posted the responses on Zug. A precious response came from former Pennsylvania senator Rick Santorum: "Although a favorite joke doesn't immediately come to mind, I do enjoy laughing."
Adds Hargrave: "It also helps if the target does not have a sense of humor."
He allowed the public to vote for the funniest and "unfunniest" senators. The funniest? Maine's Olympia Snowe (who responded to Hargrave's inquiry with a joke about a politician at the pearly gates). The unfunniest? New York's Hillary Rodham Clinton (who didn't respond at all).
Telephone Tomfoolery
There's a certain voyeuristic adrenaline -- an exciting pulse of sympathy or pity -- that kicks in when you watch or listen to a great prank being pulled, says Johnny Brennan, formerly one half of the Jerky Boys comedy duo, whose prank-call CDs topped Billboard charts in the early '90s.
"When I was young, I always did these characters and voices," Brennan says. "Originally, I was just getting it down on tape. But now people can sit back [with a CD] and say, 'I feel bad for that guy. Johnny really gave him a ribbing.' "
You can listen to prank calls at http:/
Brennan advises the intrepid prank caller to strive for originality and spontaneity. Settle into a voice or a character before making a call, and commit to improvisation.
"Just get into it," he says. "Sometimes it's great to do family members. Build a character. I have many, many characters. There's no limit really. Irish, Indian. Do it all."
Campus Capers
In the 1800s, students would fire musket balls through their professors' windows, says Neil Steinberg, author of "If at All Possible, Involve a Cow: The Book of College Pranks." Needless to say, that kind of thing would not be written off today as the horseplay of restless collegians. Steinberg says today's pranks need to be subversive and clever. Case in point: the Phantom Event, a prototypical college prank designed to work off a campus's flier epidemic.
How to do it? Put up signs for an event or club that doesn't exist but that would stick out and get people riled up enough to protest or show up at a certain time and place.
"Think of some sort of excess in things that are being advertised -- maybe it's the most touchy-feely Transcendental Meditation event of all time," Steinberg says. The key is to "give something gravitas. Imply there's a lot of people doing it," he says.
Steinberg documents a true-life example in the book: In 1936, when another world war seemed inevitable, Princeton University students created the illusion of a Veterans of Future Wars organization, which demanded military bonuses in advance of one's service. Its logic: Why not get the money while we're young and alive (and in a Depression)? The movement spread to hundreds of campuses across the country and rankled the ranks of the American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars.
The beauty of it? It was a prank and a peace movement.


text:
ASUS ZenFone 6 launched
Taiwanese tech giant ASUS has launched its ZenFone 6 at an event in Spain.
Touted as a flagship killer, the smartphone includes an all-screen design, a motorized dual lens turning the flip camera, flagship internals including a Snapdragon 855 chipset, and a burly 5,000mAh battery.
ASUS ZenFone 6: Initially (Design and Display)
As far as design, the ASUS ZenFone 6 gets an all-screen configuration accomplished by receiving a flip camera setup. The bezels are as yet conspicuous (contrasted with any semblance of Galaxy S10 and OnePlus 7 Pro) while the glossy backboard does not have a premium feel.
Talking about the display, the ASUS ZenFone 6 includes a 6.4-inch FHD+ 1080x2340 pixels resolution IPS screen with 19.5:9 aspect ratio, and 600-nits top brightness.
ASUS ZenFone 6 offers a 48MP motorized dual-lens rear camera set up
The ZenFone 6 accompanies a motorized dual lens rear camera involving a 48MP (f/1.7) main lens and a 13MP ultra-wide-angle lens.
Eminently, this camera module flips up to fill in as a front-facing camera, offering high-resolution selfies.
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The ASUS ZenFone 6 packs a beefier 5,000mAh battery with 18W Quick Charge 4.0 help and a rear-mounted fingerprint sensor.
ASUS ZenFone 6: Pricing according to the key factor
The ASUS ZenFone 6 starts at EUR 499 for the 6GB/64GB variation and goes up to EUR 599 for the top-end 8GB/256GB model.


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Contemporary Beige Villa
Koh Samui, Taling Ngam
12 Personas
4 Habitaciones
4 Baño(s)
1000 m²
Luxury Rentals Koh Samui : Nestled on a hillside this contemporary villa overlooks five islands on the southwest coast of Koh Samui and features all one might need for unforgettable vacation. Contemporary design, five-star service and exotic surroundings create unique ambience that makes this modern beachfront estate a perfect getaway for family and friends, or for a honeymoon. This four-bedroom villa is equipped with a host of luxurious features and amenities, including: a private marble pool, a modern entertainment living room, a private spa, steam sauna, gym, private beach facilities, a fully-equipped office, and Wi-Fi in all buildings. The property comprises five buildings. Main building houses living room connected to the swimming pool on the first floor. There you will also see a dining and Bar area. The ample living room thanks to huge six meter-high floor-to-ceiling windows is full of light and offers breath-taking views of the ocean. Equipped with state-of-the-art TV and audio systems this room is a perfect place to wind down with your favourite movies. And if you have to work a little bit, on the second flor you will find a fully-equipped office. Next to it, there is a master bedroom with the big terrace. Four spacious bedrooms with en-suite bathrooms and additional bedding options welcome up to twelve guests. All suites offer stunning vistas, while two also boast large terraces. The two master bedrooms feature king size beds, while the other two have queen beds. Each en-suite bathroom features a large rain shower, a bidet, a terrazzo bathtub with incredible views of the ocean. There is also a service area (staff room and laundry room) and Thai kitchen. Go upstairs to the roof sunset terrace and enjoy untroubled days under the sun. Here you will have a great opportunity to renew and rejuvenate both mind and body, while having private lessons with Yoga teacher or exercising in state-of-the-art gym. This estate is an ideal place to forget about all your troubles and enjoy incredible time with your family or friends. Surrounded by lush tropical gardens, featuring high-end amenities and offering spectacular views this villa is the perfect setting for once-in-a-lifetime events and island gatherings. The resident friendly and attentive staff, including a professional chef, security guard, butler and spa therapist, will cater to all your needs.
4 Bedroom(s)
4 Cama(s) simple(s)
2 Cama(s) king
2 Cama(s) queen
4 Bathroom(s)
1 Salón
1 Comedor
1 Cocina(s)
Limpieza Diaria
Aire acondicionado
Salón para no fumadores
En suite rooms
TV por Cable/satélite
24 Horas de Seguridad
Piscina al Aire Libre
Parking Garaje
Instalaciones de Fitness
Child Friendly
Café / té
Productos de baño
TV de Pantalla Plana
Ropa de Cama y Toallas
DVD / CD Player
Vista al mar
Secador de pelo
Plancha y tabla de planchar
Estación de Ipod
Servicio de tintorería a pago
Cuna bajo petición
Tron alta bajo petición
The pristine jungle secluded beaches and stunning views of Angthong Marine National Park make Taling Ngam one of the most picturesque spots on the island. It is Samui's best-kept secret place with fantastic sunsets enjoyable at the beach. The place is located on the west coast near the big town of Nathon. The area doesn't have a party atmosphere like Chaweng, it is a beautiful and quiet spot that you'll enjoy exploring. Usually, the beach is not crowded even during the peak season. Taling Ngam is truly a lovely, hidden beach on Koh Samui. Many tourists come here to admire the mystical sunset and views of the Five Islands against the backdrop of the cerulean bay waters. You can do swimming and snorkelling whenever you want, as the water here is warm and calm all year long. From here you can get to some of the most popular attractions on the island. Visit the charming Namuang waterfalls either on foot or on an elephant´s back. Go to Taling Ngam village, which has conserved its Thai practices. Explore some local restaurants along the beach, where you can try traditional food. The particular aura and the atmosphere of the place will make your trip uforgettable.
Airport: 50 min drive
Tennis court: 5 min drive
Beach: 3 min walk
Restaurant: 5 min drive
Santiburi Golf Course: 25 min drive
Shopping: 5 min drive
|Estancia mínima
|Price per night from
|Price per week from
|Final cleaning
|3 nights
|1.100 €
|Upon Request
Additional Information
Limpieza diaria
Tasas: Rates do not include 10% service charge and 7% government VAT
Gastos de alquiler
Servicio de consierge
Sabanas y Toallas
Limpieza final
Chef privado: Daily rates include a full time Thai Chef (food cost on Guests account)
Check in/out policy
Check-in time is after 14:00, with check-out by 12:00 noon on the day of departure.
Payment Policy
In order to reserve the property you must pay a reservation deposit of 45% of the total payment, divided into 15% and 30%. The balance of payment has to be paid one month before arrival date. If the booking is made within 45 days before the arrival date the 100% of the villa rental is to be paid at the time of booking.
Cancellation Policy
The first part of reservation deposit (15%) is non-refundable. Cancellation within 45 days or more before the arrival date: all payments will be forfeited but credited for 6 months from the date of the cancellation. The credit amount can be used by the client or anyone on their behalf for any reservation, during any period and solely for the villa initially reserved. Cancellations less than 45 days before arrival date: all rental payments (100%) are forfeited. A full or partial refund is solely applicable in the event that villa can secure a part or a full booking in the cancelled time period. If the dates of the booking need to be changed or amended, this may be treated as a cancellation of the original booking and cancellation charges may apply.
Amarante LVA no sólo ofrece una selección de villas y apartamentos de lujo sino también les ofrece servicios de concierge a medida para que puedan disfrutar de verdaderas vacaciones de lujo en Barcelona, Costa Brava, San Sebastián y otros destinos. Déjenos ayudarle a planificar un viaje perfecto. Le proponemos un abanico de servicios, alquileres de coches y yates, traslados, reservas en restaurantes y de actividades, servicios de chef, catering entre otros. Nuestros especialistas han escogido los mejores partners para asegurarse de la calidad e imparcialidad de recomendaciones y servicios prestados. Los servicios de concierge son la clave de una viaje con éxito.
Actividades y Experiencias
Arte y Cultura
Chef Personal
Personal Shopper
Servicios domésticos y Profesionales
Traslado del/al aeropuerto
Tratamientos de Spa
Contemporary Beige Villa
Por favor, complete el formulario para hacer su consulta. En caso de que no reciba una respuesta en 24 h, por favor, búsquelo en su Spam o vuelva a contactarnos.
Reservation Phone: +34 717 103 183


text:
- $1,028,000 price
- 5904510 listing id
- Neighborhood: Vacant Land
- Status: Active
Amazing opportunity to build your dream home or homes on this pristine Prescott land available in one 23+ acre parcel or divisible. Adjacent to The Prescott National Forest & Little Granite Mountain. Think boulders and pine trees lining this property with spectacular views. Perfect for equestrians! Cool off in the summer months & enjoy all the amenities of Prescott-golf, horses, hiking, shopping, winery, etc. See proposed parcel split and pricing in the document tab. Lot size is a 2 acre minimum. We are teamed up with the premier builder & architect from the Phoenix Valley for the opportunity to build a custom luxury home(s). Building plans & rendering available. Financing available. Paved roads to the property.
Courtesy of: Walt Danley Realty
Office Phone: (480) 909-4577
Copyright Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. All rights reserved. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Updated: 20th September, 2019 6:08 AM.
99XX N Cougar Canyon Road Prescott, AZ


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For the majority of English speakers, 'woke' will only ever be the past particle of 'wake'; and there's nothing wrong with that. But for others, it might be difficult to avoid bumping into 'woke' on the Internet.
Anyone who feels like giving their blood pressure a workout just needs to read the Comments section under many a Web posting. Ouch. Usually no time will lapse before the trolling starts. Sneers from the right include 'bleeding heart' and relative newcomer 'snowflake'. Sneers from the left include 'redneck' and 'Nazi'. But for a person on the left to call a fellow leftie 'woke' is considered a compliment; in fact it's becoming a byword for social justice awareness. The term implies ideological sensitivity to the plight of the marginalised, the oppressed, the tired, the poor, the huddled masses.
Urban Dictionary.com naughtily defines 'woke' as the following: 'A state of perceived intellectual superiority one gains by reading The Huffington Post.'
But seriously, when and how did 'woke' awake?
There is evidence of this term being much older than the current generation. In 1962 The New York Times published an article by African-American novelist William Melvin Kelley entitled 'If You're Woke You Dig It.' But the word appears to have entered the wider American vernacular only a handful of years ago in 2008, featured in the song 'Master Teacher' by Erykah Badu, which included the lines:
Even though you go through struggle and strife
To keep a healthy life, I stay woke
(I stay woke)
Everybody knows a black or a white there's creatures in every shape and size
(I stay woke)
While this song may not have started the trend, it widened the audience. 'Stay woke' gained currency throughout the African-American community for anyone considering themselves self-aware and reformist. In 2013-2014 the expressions 'stay woke' and 'woke' entered mainstream media discussion after the shootings of Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown. It soon became a watchword for the Black Lives Matter movement. Any activist was 'woke' and called on others to 'stay woke'.
Since then on social media, especially Twitter, the little word has become shorthand for online activism. 'Woke' tweets discuss such topics as police brutality, racism and deaths in custody. #StayWoke is a means of reminding the Twitterati to look beyond mainstream media and to cross-examine their own positions of privilege.
Is this cultural appropriation? In 2016 journalist Amanda Hess wrote in The New York Times Magazine: "The conundrum is built in. When white people aspire to get points for consciousness, they walk right into the cross hairs between allyship and appropriation." Another new word, 'allyship' refers to the phenomenon of someone from a non-discriminated group supporting those suffering from discrimination.
But is 'woke' really cultural appropriation or is it just an aspect of language evolution? After all, this is hardly the first time a word or phrase from Black English has later crossed into the mainstream. English owes a wealth of contributions to this source. We have 'rock and roll,' 'jazz,' 'bogus,' 'hip,' 'dig' and many more. People might no longer say 'groovy' but 'cool' has never stopped being cool.
Yet 'woke' may not be the new 'cool'. Writing in The New York Times last month, the ever-perceptive David Brooks observed: "To be woke is to be radically aware and justifiably paranoid. It is to be cognizant of the rot pervading the power structures… Cool was politically detached, but being a social activist is required for being woke. Cool was individualistic, but woke is nationalistic and collectivist."
So it feels right and proper – maybe even 'woke' – to acknowledge the sources of this contemporary term, especially in our post-Obama triTrumphalist era. To paraphrase Australia's current Prime Minister: there's never been a more exciting time to be woke.