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Guitar Cjords Charts Printable
Learn Guitar Chords Quickly
If you want to know how to learn guitar chords later you obsession to learn the nuts and bolts first. You habit to know what a guitar chord is and how a chord is made.
When playing a chord on a guitar, a chord is after that made taking place of some tones that make a tune. Chords can be created from alternative interpretation performed one string at any total time. You can attain this bearing in mind either approach: strumming or plucking. Chords could be derived from 2 or 3 interpretation but not more. Some are created once just one note.
When playing the guitar chords we generally tolerate two groups of them: major and minor. The main fundamental guitar chords would be C,A,G,E,D or CAGED. If you're not accustomed to playing guitar, then you most categorically first must master CAGED previously accomplishment further techniques. This will truly be your main set sights on that you must learn first as it is considered the fundamental concepts. Many artists will highlight that whenever they mastered the fundamental guitar chords it permitted them to clearly mistreatment supplementary hard chords.
Printable guitar chord chart
15 Word Guitar Chord Chart Templates Free Download
Printable Guitar Chords
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Reading through a chart
The entirely first factor you dependence to know similar to learning to put-on guitar chords is learning how to open the chord diagram or chart on music sheets. If you can't realize this you'll in the same way as remain struggling and tone defeated.
A chord diagram is a chart in the manner of instructions upon the showing off to undertaking a specific chord. To control to effectively name-calling functioning the guitar you have to be a specialist at reading through and arrangement each chord shown across the diagram.
Carrying out a CAGED pattern
So let's play you're looking all along the neck of the guitar, after that imagine the fret board next. You'll find that an entire fret board consists of 6 strings that are affixed to it. Well, not necessarily "attached" but upon the summit of it. These 6 strings are what causes it to be simple to make the guitar chords and tunes. If you are planning to attempt and concentrate on fingering first, you'll have to commit to memory the various guitar chords which are created upon all fret. You will locate five fundamental chords which are simple to play. These guitar chords will permit you money up front to the extra harder chords.
Doesn't hermetically sealed Right?
Generally, beginners will complain their fingers hurt after they pure one session in the manner of their guitar. It is a normal reaction. If you don't setting some discomfort after that you agreed should question why. Not feeling slight discomfort means that you are not playing it right. The easiest method with fingering is that you usefully are pressing your tips of your fingers definitely firmly to the strings. If you hear that you have a bustling sound appear or echo or it isn't sounding the mannerism it should after that create an effort to press your fingers harder the length of onto the strings.
Gitarren Akkorde Gitarre and Tabellen Diagramme on Pinterest
Guitar Chord Diagrams Printable
lyin eyes chords chor
Remember: Learn Guitar Chord
1. abbreviate your fingernails that are too long. outstretched fingernails will create it hard to press the strings correctly.
2. Don't let your fingers fall the length of or relax even if playing because this will be adjacent to further strings making the guitar to not feat right. This is a normal type of mistake for novices.
3. create determined that the tips of the fingers are what comes in entrance later the strings and never where your fingerprints are taken. keep them at a straight arch. besides the fact that playing a guitar is tiring, this is completely painful sensation and can seem difficult but don't forget it'll pay off the moment the calluses are created.
4. create clear to press the strings every part of simultaneously. create positive you don't leave any strings out.
5. Practice. Practice. Practice. Commit to memory the pattern for all chord.
6. Don't rush yourself or have tall expectations upon yourself. If you do, it'll just fan the flames of you if or considering you have the slightest bit of difficulty. pick tunes that are easier hence you can have fun playing in the start considering maddening to learn guitar chords.
chord chart chor guitar chords guitar tabs and lyrics guitar chords and guitar tablature made easy chor is a search engine for finding guitar chords and guitar tabs chor ficial site after one year in development the new version of chor is ready there are tons of new features but the most significant ones are 3x as many songs chor guitar chords and lyrics worksheets printable chor guitar chords and lyrics showing top 8 worksheets in the category chor guitar chords and lyrics some of the worksheets displayed are beginners guitar chords beginner guitar chord chart three chord songs guitar chord songbook guitar chord song lyrics and chords ebooks guitar tabs in letters pdf green day guitar chord songbook pdf chords to scandal of grace southern gospel free printable guitar chord chart basic guitar chords l ooking for a free printable guitar chord chart to help you learn guitar chords you have arrived at a good place grasshopper you have arrived at a good place grasshopper a good beginner guitar chord chart to learn basic guitar chords is a great place to start but will lead to frustration if it is believed to be the end of your journey guitar all in e for dummies cheat sheet from guitar all in e for dummies book line video & audio instruction 2nd edition by hal leonard corporation jon chappell mark phillips desi serna learning to play the guitar is a lot fun use this cheat sheet to help you started with your guitar finger placement and guitar chords beginner guitar chord chart major minor & 7th chords beginner guitar chord chart free print sheet this lesson provides print friendly pdf versions of the beginner guitar chord charts found in the chord basics series every beginner guitarist should know the chords on this page power chords chart for guitar guitar chord chart with power chords chart with power chords the chart shows power chords for all keys the power chords are in three variations by positions for the bass note low e string a string and d string the ultimate guitar chord chart template the ultimate guitar chord chart by dirk laukens this free ebook contains the charts to the most often used guitar chords
Free Printable Guitar Chord Chart
Blank Chord Chart
Guitar Chords Chart for Beginners FREE
Bass Guitar Chords Chart For Beginners
Guitar Chords Charts Printable Activity Shelter
lyin eyes chords chor
Guitar Power Chords Chart
Galleries of the Chordie Printable Guitar Chord Chart
Ina Walton is the administrator at theaahl.com.
She's an expert in inbound marketing and lead generation.


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Hi everybody,
I've setup exchange and am able to reveive mail from the Internet, however
when I try to send into the Internet I get the an "SMTP Protcoll error" in
the appropriate message queue properties dialog box.
My configuration is as follows:
Since I am trying to receive mail for a different domain (i.e.
second virtual server and bound an SMTP Connector to it. All this works
fine since I am able to receive mail.
The virtual directories that exchange creates in IIS during the installation
have an error symbol next to them with the message "Can't connect to
<installation path>"
I've deinstalled and reinstalled the SMTP service and ran Service Pack 1
again but this didn't work.
Does anyone have any suggestions? Is this an Exchange Problem or an IIS
Thanks in advance

subset: commoncrawl


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Heather specializes in Wedding and Portrait Photography. Her images simply evoke the beauty of the moment.
Please inquire about ongoing specials and customized package prices.
Other couples have also viewed:
5 Heather P. Moore Photography Reviews
Married on 09/12/2009
Heather was amazing to work with! I cannot say enough good things. She was friendly and professional and I LOVED the pictures! She was one of the few parts of the wedding that I knew I didn't need to ... Read more to worry about. The day of the wedding she was on time and on top of things. She managed to get all the pictures without getting in the way; she knew when to direct people and when to blend into the background. I was amazed at all the pictures she took, half of which I didn't even notice her taking them! She was so much fun to work with that by the end of it all (engagement session and wedding day) she felt more like a friend than a vendor. We were so blessed to find her; all our friends and family have been raving about the pictures.
Married on 06/27/2009
Heather documented our big day with such class, professionalism and creativity and her photographic eye is absolutely breathtaking! Heather showed up on time, was quick to respond with any questions ... Read more and was so patient when I was completely crazy! The best part was the gift of having such amazing pictures of our wedding to share with our family. I would absolutely recommend Heather P. Moore Photography to every bride-to-be I know! We are expecting our first daughter in October and I have no doubts in my mind that Heather will be our #1 choice for taking those pictures, too! Thank you so much, Heather!!
Married on 01/05/2008
Heather was fantastic! Our pictures turned out beautiful. She captured amazing pictures during the ceremony as well as the reception. One of the things we really liked about Heather was her ability to ... Read more ability to capture amazing, non-posed photos! During the reception Heather really blended with the crowd and we didnt really see her taking photos but when we got the photos back we were so happy with all the amazing moments she captured througout the night! I highly recommend Heather. She is professional, easy going, flexible and just great to work with!
What primary photographic style do you identify with?
Contemporary, Film, Natural, Photojournalism
What photography services do you offer?
Destination / Travel, Engagement Shoot, High-Res Images, Liability Insurance
What photography items do you offer?
Digital Files, Flush Mount, Matted Prints, Negatives, Prints, Proofs, Thank You Cards
Goodland Ave Studio City, 91604 See on map


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- Sundridge Hydra FingerlessAs low as £11.99 £9.99
- Sundridge Hydra FullfingerAs low as £11.99 £9.99
- Fox Rage Power Grip GlovesAs low as £12.99 £10.82
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At Anglers Corner we sell a wide range of Gloves. If there is any particular Gloves not listed on our website, please do not hesitate to contact us. We will do our best to get these items in for you, whenever possible.


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Simple 3d House Plans Indian Style and Decor
3d house plans Indian style – Do you want to imbue your house with that immortal spirit? Now, we will inform you of some tricks and ideas. So that you can contribute to your home exotic notes and Hindu touches. Keys are five: color, natural materials, many cushions, crafts and figures with right connotations. It is simple and result is very cozy and brings serenity. To begin with, presence of Sun, represent by Surya, is very important.
Therefore, windows, doors and curtains should allow passage of their rays as much as possible at home. It also helps, especially in places with too cold. Or shady climates where sun looks less, complement with tapestries, curtains or sheets. And paintings that have a sun drawn. As for 3d house plans indian style furniture, these should be of rustic and ancient materials. such as carved hardwood, more artisanal better , such as oak or walnut, trying to make them from trees native to India, such as shisham .
27 Photos Gallery of: Simple 3d House Plans Indian Style and Decor
3d house plans indian style with recover antique furniture in markets and fairs and look for unique pieces, with history. Take a look at our articles on decoration stores where we have detailed establishments where you can find exotic, oriental or ethnic furniture and decoration, import from Asia, India or Africa. Then, complements obtain in this type of stores will achieve objective we are looking for.Tags :Indian house interior design layout 3D, house plan 3d images, iñdian house plans


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Product Description
Circa: 1900 or earlier
Size: 7 ½" X 7 ½" – 19 cm X 19 cm – ½" thick – 1.5 cm
ANATOLIAN – KUTAHYA Classical Ottoman design square ceramic. After Iznik ceramic production slowed down at end of 17th century, Kutahya followed the tradition in its own style using many similar designs and colors. It probably contains 40 – 50% quartz, because it is heavy. It has the number on the back side identifying where it was going to be used but never had the chance to be used on a wall. Saturated turquoise blues with blossoming scrolls.


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Is it possible to hold CTO/radar ratings from two different facilities at the same time? Im exiting the military soon and want to transfer to the reserves. My commander said he will approve me to complete my reserve time at my current facility. I will likely be taking a job at different facility nearby.
Curious if the FAA and DoD have any restrictions on this.


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Come along to Christ Church Hall in Purley and find out how you can keep your mind healthy and how to become Dementia friendly.
We are lucky enough to have engaged two fascinating speakers:
2pm CHARIOT (Cognitive Health in Ageing Register Investigational, Observational and Trial Studies) at Imperial College London. A register made up of healthy volunteers interested in taking part in research to better understand and prevent Alzheimer's disease and other late onset neurodegenerative diseases. The CHARIOT register is vital to facilitate the research conducted at AGE. The register has been highly successful throughout its pilot stage, and now holds data of over 30,000 volunteers. Evidently, the prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is of interest to many individuals.
3.10pm Marion Abbot from Dementia Action Alliance. Learn more about what it is like to live with dementia and turn that understanding into action. It's really easy to become a Dementia Friend!
Book your free place here (only 50 available)
If you are in one of the "at risk" groups or over 65 you are advised to have the Seasonal Influenza Vaccination.
We are running the following clinics
SATURDAY 28th SEPTEMBER – 9.00am – 12.00noon (over 18s only)
SATURDAY 12th OCTOBER – 9.00am – 12.00noon (over 18s only)
WEDNESDAY 16TH OCTOBER – 7.00pm – 9.00pm (over 18s only)
SATURDAY 9th NOVEMBER – 9.00am – 12.00noon
WEDNESDAY 13th NOVEMBER – 7.00pm – 9.00pm
SATURDAY 23rd NOVEMBER – 9.00am – 12.00noon
You need to BOOK an appointment for a seasonal influenza vaccination. Although walk in patients will be seen at these clinics it is PREFERABLE that you book in advance. This enables us to stagger patient attendance to minimise waiting times.
Please ensure you do not miss out on your Seasonal Influenza Vaccination and speak to a receptionist to book an appointment today
email@example.com or for a more accurate, quicker way of ordering your repeat prescriptions, sign up to Patient Access - ask for your PIN at reception (you will be asked for ID).
offers a fantastic range of services and activities to support you and your family, including baby massage; help with your child's speech and language and Music time! Click here for more info.
If you need access to medical care when the surgery is closed, please see our Out of Hours information. Remember you can ring 111 for advice or an appointment at a local GP Hub, 365 days a year.
Please remember to only order what you need! Unused medicines cost the NHS around £300 million every year. Click here to see how you can help.
The Practice is aware that patients can experience frustration due to the length of time it may take to obtain a routine appointment. To address this, we have introduced a new appointment system with the aim of helping patients book an appointment with a doctor within a reasonable timeframe.
The new appointment system means more "on the day" appointments will be available online. So if you're not already using Patient Access, ask a receptionist for your PIN!
Appointment Changes:
Booked appointments 7.30 – 8.40am
These appointments are for patients who would like to be seen earlier in the day e.g. before going to work. They are bookable up to two weeks in advance.
Morning Appointments
Routine appointments are available every morning and are bookable on the day only, either by telephone, through the on-line booking system (Patient Access) or in person at Reception.
Urgent appointments (for patients that are unwell and need to be seen on the day) are available every morning and are booked in time order. These patients will be seen by the Duty Doctor for that day. Once the urgent appointments have been filled patients are offered a telephone call by the Duty Doctor.
Afternoon Appointments
We offer a limited number of booked appointments in the afternoon. The appointments can be booked up to two weeks in advance.
There is a duty doctor available for urgent appointments every afternoon, but patients will not be offered a telephone call by the duty doctor.
We have looked very carefully at how we can change the appointment system to make it more workable for both the patient and doctors and appreciate your help and support during these changes. We welcome any feedback.
Maternity Booklet - My maternity journey in SW London
Parenting resources Leaflet - A guide for parents and carers in Croydon
Having a baby? Just had a baby? How are you feeling? Download a copy of the Perinatal Mental Health Leaflet which contains lots of useful information and advice with links to national organisations who will be able to help and support you.
Please note that the surgery will be closed on Wednesday 19 June from 1pm for staff training. Apologies for any inconvenience caused. If you need urgent medical assistance, please call 111.
Active Ageing Event
Improving the health and wellbeing of older people in Croydon
Tuesday 28 May 2019 at 12pm to 3pm
All Saints Church, ...
Connecting your Care is an information sharing tool, which is built on the Cerner Health Information Exchange (HIE - hospital computer system) that will give GPs and hospitals access to view data of predefined datasets held in the different health and care systems across South West London. For more information see: Connecting Your Care
Our practice is inspected by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) to ensure we are meeting essential standards of quality and safety.
This widget provides a summary of the results of the latest checks carried out by the CQC.
The practice would like to thank the various advertisers who have helped to
produce this Website. However, it must be pointed out that the accuracy of any
statements cannot be warranted, nor any products or services advertised, be
guaranteed or endorsed.


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This is the cheapest type of binding and is intended for the throwaway market. Take each book in turn, hold it firmly closed red papers to buy the fore edge and using a soft bristled brush, for example an old-style bristle shaving brush, lightly brush off the dust.
The students want tomake note of red pepper soup and of the very best procedure to get a flourishing livelihood is through receiving strong school way of roasted red bell pepper soup and of life and tasks are among the most crucial activities they must be given. Juicy Jay : JJ makes rolling papers in dozens of flavors that sounded awful and slathered with cheap sugar — cotton candy, sour apple, peppermint stick.
Real-Life Applications: There are many real life applications to this concept. This type of alum is different from the earlier type and is not chemically stable.
Also, it may not be possible to use water or solvent without damaging the paper. If a Chemsponge doesn't remove the dirt, you could consult a conservator. Vacuum or wipe down the shelves before replacing the books.
The acid will be neutralised creative writing ink it virtually harmless. Roll: 0 Smoke: -1 Recommend: -1 8. Accidental contact can happen if there is slight movement of the paper when encapsulated, or when separating the plastic sheets to take the paper out.
The burn and pull are wholly satisfying as the air flow through these papers is intense.
The dissertation crafting authors will need to be equipped with skills and proficiency in dissertation writing. Here's how: Make a rain gauge out of a bottle or glass jar. As the smoke burns the paper, the wire emerges and serves as a bendable roach clip.
One of the oldest cigarette papers still being manufactured. It is important to wash and dry your hands regularly whilst cleaning otherwise you will transfer more dirt than you remove. Work from the spine edge to the fore edge, otherwise you will end up pushing the dust down the spine.
- Covering letter for visa application creative writers and daydreaming essay, creative writing major oberlin
- This is sometimes accompanied by a cracking noise as the binding breaks.
- Writing a conclusion anchor chart
Avoid using tape on the back of paper, for example when making home-made mounts. Papers users can create private shared collections to collaborate with up to 25 other Papers users at a given time.
Roll: 0 Smoke: 0 Recommend: 0 5. They are made from archival material and incorporate a text block support to compensate for the gap between the text block and the shelf.


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Wine & Wellness Short Stay
Short stay in the mountains with a couple treatment in our Vinalpinum Spa and guided hiking tours in the Isarco Valley.
Included services in the package
Free e-bike rental
Our new e-bikes are at your disposal
Room with balcony and panoramic view to the Dolomites
Each room has a balcony with panoramic view to the Dolomites and to the Isarco Valley.
Traditional törggele tour
Guided excursion to a farmhouse with wine tasting and traditional food
Guided autumn excursions
Guided autumn excursions through the chestnut-woods and vineyards of the Valle Isarco
Free wi-fi
Free wi-fi access in your room
Access to our wellness and sauna area
Our wellness area with a large indoor swimming pool, whirlpool, Kneipp-basin, saunas and a panoramic sunbathing lawn with outdoor pool is at your disposition from 7 am to 7 pm.
Free pick-up service at the stations of Klausen/Chiusa or Brixen/Bressanone
We are pleased to pick you up at the stations of Klausen/Chiusa or Brixen/Bressanone at the day of your arrival and to bring you there at the day of your departure.
ChiusaCard "Alps & Wine"
Wine Tasting
Tasting of white wines from the Valle Isarco and other wines from South Tyrol as well as some cheeses (extra charge for the wines: 8 € per person)
Romantic couple treatment in our Vinalpinum Spa
Couple treatment: 1 alpine herbage body wrap or 1 grape seed massage followed by relaxation in our romantic Private Spa with a large waterbed and a small bottle of prosecco. (One treatment per person. The treatments can be done only at the same time and cannot be replaced with other treatments.)
Free rental of hiking stick
Hiking sticks for your mountain tours are at your disposal at the reception.


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Job Information
Sage Hospitality Resources Bus Attendant PM in Menlo Park, California
Req #:
Why Us:
We invite you to apply at the BRILLIANT Hotel Nia, Menlo Park's newest luxury boutique hotel. Hotel Nia is part of the Sage Hospitality management group with a 60 plus hotel portfolio headquartered in Denver, Colorado. We offer an outstanding benefit package, growth opportunities and a rewarding work environment. Come join us as we DO BUSINESS AS UNUSUAL!
For more information, please visit: www.hotelnia.com
Job Title:
Bus Attendant PM
Location Name:
Hotel Nia
Menlo Park
EEO Statement:
We are proud to be an EEO/AA employer M/F/Disabled/Veterans. We maintain a drug-free workplace and perform pre-employment substance abuse testing.
Posting Overview:
Clears all used tableware, napkins and refuse from tables to tubs in bus station and wipes table, chairs and clears debris and crumbs from floor areas surrounding table.
Dealing with Ambiguity
Can effectively cope with change; can shift gears comfortably; can decide and act without having the total picture; isn't upset when things are up in the air; doesn't have to finish things before moving on; can comfortably handle risk and uncertainty.
Genuinely cares about people; is concerned about their work and non-work problems; is available and ready to help; is sympathetic to the plight of others not as fortunate; demonstrates real empathy with the joys and pain of others.
Is cool under pressure; does not become defensive or irritated when times are tough; is considered mature; can be counted on to hold things together during tough times; can handle stress; is not knocked off balance by the unexpected; doesn't show frustration when resisted or blocked; is a settling influence in a crisis.
Interpersonal Savvy
Relates well to all kinds of people – up, down, and sideways, inside and outside the organization; builds appropriate rapport; builds constructive and effective relationships; uses diplomacy and tact; can defuse even high-tension situations comfortably.
Must have basic knowledge of restaurant operations.
Lifting, pushing, pulling and carrying up to 50 lbs to include serving trays, carts, tables, chairs, and small equipment up to 75% of the time. Balancing, stooping kneeling, crouching, crawling, reaching handling, fingering throughout the shift. Mobility -full range of mobility and the ability to travel up to 300 feet on a regular basis throughout the shift. Continuous standing -during preparation, during service hours or during expediting. Must have vision ability to see minute objects at arms length, to read meters and controls.
Education/Formal Training
Material/Equipment Used
Standard restaurant equipment including but not limited to coffee machines, ice machines, toasters and beverage dispensers. Broom, mop, vacuum and carpet shampooer. Continual exposure to hazardous chemicals used for cleaning.
Physically strenuous -continual standing, walking, bending and lifting in indoor environment. Intermittent exposure to extreme heat (dishroom & kitchen) and cold (coolers & freezers).
Area of Interest:
Restaurant Operations
Position Type:
Full Time - Regular
Address 1:
200 Independence Dr


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Can we still validate the notion from Kofi Annan in 2000, that this is the Age of Human Rights? Or do the global atrocities committed since 2000 speak otherwise?
Some Scholars argue that Human Rights are simply a locomotive for the White Saviour Complex. Others, that the highpoint of Human Rights occurred in the end of the Cold War and opened up a window of opportunity for Human Rights advocates to push for the implementation of International Law and the creation of global courts. But was this just a brief hiatus? Why has ISIL not been held accountable for Human Rights Abuses? Why has Bashar-Al-Assad not been tried in a court of law?
Is it then safe to say that States use the term Human Rights as a way to manipulate foreign policy however they seem fit? Has the UN failed to fulfil its promise? With the scandalous US President what will happen to the Age of Human Rights?
It is with great pleasure that the SOAS Law Society invites you to a Debate Panel Discussion upon the notion 'The Age of Human Rights is Over.' on Friday 9th March 2018 in the BGLT from 7pm-8:30pm. The event will be followed by a Drinks Reception in the Brunei Suite.
Keina Yoshida, Doughty Street Chambers
Keina practices in the areas of Media Law, Inquests and Public Inquiries, Actions against the Police and Court of Protection. She also specialises in international human rights law. She is currently junior counsel acting on behalf of a core participant in the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse. During the summer she was junior counsel in the Foster v McNicol case representing the Labour Party.
Keina has particular expertise in women's human rights, including VAWG, CEDAW, sexual and reproductive rights and LGBT rights. She is part of the Doughty Street International team and sits as an Advisory Board Member of the Centre for Women, Peace and Security at the London School of Economics.
Moataz El Fegiery, Front Line Defenders
Moataz El Fegiery is the protection coordinator for the Middle East and North Africa. Before joining Front Line Defenders, El Fegiery was the executive director of the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS) , MENA deputy director of the International Centre for Transitional Justice and senior teaching fellow in law at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. He was also a research fellow at the Foundation of International Relations and Dialogue (FRIDE). El Fegiery is the treasurer and member at the executive committee of the Euro Mediterranean Human Rights Network since 2006 and board member of CIHRS. He is the author of Islamic Law, Human Rights: The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016).
Jurate Guzeviciute, International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute
Jurate is a lawyer with nine years of experience in national and international human rights, humanitarian and criminal law work. Currently Jurate works for the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute, where she covers the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. Before joining IBAHRI Jurate worked as a Legal Director at the human rights NGO in Lithuania, where she managed legal programmes and supervised litigation work. Jurate has lead strategic litigation on domestic violence, discrimination, disability rights, inclusive education, rights of unaccompanied minors (illegal detention), hate speech, etc. She has conducted research into rights of hate crime victims, gender equality, state guaranteed legal aid. Jurate holds an LL.M. degree in Public International Law from Leiden University (the Netherlands) and a Master of Laws degree from Vilnius University (Lithuania).
Jurate has also worked with a defence team at the UN International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Hague, and interned at the DG Humanitarian Aid at the European Commission in Brussels.
Chair: Rushnay Sikander (Non-Law Officer)


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That's right. The LLC that born our sweet lil' brewery and has provided supplies and fermentation smarts to so much of North Portland came to be a thing officially on April 20th, 2009.
To celebrate, we invite to the party all of our friends and family who have hung out with us over the years, sampling home-brews while trying to figure out what kefir REALLY is. Bonus points if you bring someone who knows what kefir REALLY is and can explain it to Brandon. (jk)
We're hosting Gracie's Apizza again and will be enjoying the sweet tunes of Airshow, a local Americana/Rock band and their acoustic set. If the weather's nice, we should be having a nice time outside with games and chalk for drawing stuff.
For all of you creators out there who have been making cool stuff at home, please partake in the namesake act of exchanging home-brewed items with us during the party. Bring in a homemade food, alcohol, or any craft you'd like to trade for a free pint! Limit 1 trade per person!
We'll be pouring each other samples of homebrew throughout the day, so bring a tasting glass and get let's have ourselves a good ol'fashioned exchange!


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ADVENTURE Portable Solar Panel - 18 WATT
ADVENTURE Portable Solar Panel - 18 WATT
Premium SunPower solar cells made from flexible monocrystalline silicon.
Panels laminated in ETFE high resistance to erosion and strength against a wide temperature range.
Foldable design with metal eyelets for suspending and strapping to support structures.
2-Port 18W USB output ideal for charging iPhone, iPad, Android, Laptop and other electronic devices.
Backing Material: Oxford Fabric | Folded size: 155 x 280 x 25mm | Expanded size: 530 x 280 x 14mm
Add To Cart


text: Its been about 20 years since I've done a real LR trip so I'm really looking forward to this trip. I have still been saltwater fishing just not going LR. I used to fish on the Q-105 when JD was the captain and American Angler for my LR trips. Been steady at getting my gear updated and filling my new tackle box with terminal gear. Any advice about the boat would be helpful. TIA.


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The idiom for the day is: (To) whistle past the graveyard.
The wordcount goal is: 200 words.
Write a microfic within 10% of the week's wordcount to the week's prompt.
Link to your posted fic in the comments here; comment on others' fics.
Thimbleful is posted by alder's grove fiction


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Interspecific hybridization can introduce genetic variation that aids in adaptation to new or changing environments. Here we investigate how the environment, and more specifically temperature, interacts with hybrid genomes to alter parental genome representation over time. We evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces uvarum hybrids in nutrient-limited continuous culture at 15°C for 200 generations. In comparison to previous evolution experiments at 30°C, we identified a number of temperature specific responses, including the loss of the S. cerevisiae allele in favor of the cryotolerant S. uvarum allele for several portions of the hybrid genome. In particular, we discovered a genotype by environment interaction in the form of a reciprocal loss of heterozygosity event on chromosome XIII. Which species haplotype is lost or maintained is dependent on the parental species temperature preference and the temperature at which the hybrid was evolved. We show that a large contribution to this directionality is due to temperature sensitivity at a single locus, the high affinity phosphate transporter PHO84. This work helps shape our understanding of what forces impact genome evolution after hybridization, and how environmental conditions may favor or disfavor hybrids over time.
Comparative genomics of thousands of plants, animals, and fungi has revealed that portions of genomes from many species are derived from interspecific hybridization, indicating that hybridization occurs frequently in nature. However, the influence of processes such as selection, drift, and/or the presence or absence of backcrossing to a parental population on hybrid genome composition in incipient hybrids remains largely unknown. In some cases, hybrids will persist with both parental genomes in fairly equal proportions as new hybrid species or lineages, while in other instances, hybrid genomes will become biased towards one parent sub-genome over time [1–9]. Untangling the genetic and environmental factors that lead to these outcomes is a burgeoning field.
Some hybrid genotypes will be unfit due to genetic hybrid incompatibilities or cytotype disadvantage; decades of work across many systems have illustrated examples of hybrid sterility and inviability [10]. Recent work has demonstrated that in hybrid genomes with a bias in parental composition like humans, in which most of the genome is comprised of modern human haplotypes with small fragments derived from archaic human, regions from the minor parent (e.g., Neanderthal or Denisovan) are decreased near functional elements and hybrid incompatibilities [11–13]. Conversely, there are examples of "adaptive introgression," in which alleles from the minor parent confer a benefit, like wing patterning in butterflies, high altitude tolerance in the Tibetan human population, and winter color morphs in the snowshoe hare [14–21]. The environment undoubtedly plays a significant role in hybrid fitness, and genotype by environment interactions will shape hybrid fitness in a similar manner as they shape non-hybrid fitness. For example, there is general acceptance that the Saccharomyces species complex is largely void of genic incompatibilities (with exceptions [22]), however most experiments looking for incompatibilities have used laboratory conditions. Hou et al. utilized different carbon sources, chemicals, and temperatures to show that over one-fourth of intraspecific crosses show condition-specific loss of offspring viability [23]. This is echoed by many examples of condition specific hybrid incompatibility in plants [24–29]. Similarly, there are numerous examples of environment dependent high fitness hybrid genotypes [30] [31–39], exemplified by classic research showing Darwin's finch hybrids with different beak shapes gained a fitness benefit during and after an El Nino event [15].
The budding yeasts in the genus Saccharomyces have emerged as a particularly adept system to study genome evolution following hybridization. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that the long-recognized whole genome duplication that occurred in the common ancestor that gave rise to Saccharomyces resulted from hybridization [40], and led to speculation that ancient hybridization could also explain other whole genome duplications in plants and animals [41]. Introgression and hybridization have also been detected across the Saccharomyces clade [42–48]; most famously, the lager brewing lineage S. pastorianus is a hybrid between S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus [49–54]. A bias towards one parent sub-genome was identified in the ancient hybridization event and in S. pastorianus, and selection is inferred to be important in this process [1,40].
To empirically understand the genomic changes that occur as a hybrid adapts to a new environment, we previously created de novo interspecific hybrids between two yeast species, S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum, which are approximately 20 million years divergent and differ in a range of phenotypes, notably in preferred growth temperature. S. uvarum has been isolated from oak trees and associated soil in Patagonia and similar habitats across the world, and is specifically known for fermentation of cider and wines at cold temperatures [55–58]. Many S.uvarum strains show evidence of introgression from several other yeast species, and S. cerevisiae x S. uvarum hybrids have been isolated from fermentation environments [55,59].
We previously evolved S. cerevisiae x S. uvarum hybrids in the laboratory in several nutrient-limited environments at the preferred growth temperature of S. cerevisiae [60]. We frequently observed a phenomenon known as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in these evolved hybrids, in which an allele from one species is lost while the other species' allele is maintained. The outcome of such events is the homogenization of the hybrid genome at certain loci, and represents a way in which a hybrid genome may become biased toward one parent's subgenome. This type of mutation can occur due to gene conversion or break induced repair, and as previously noted, has also been observed in organisms including S. pastorianus, pathogenic hybrid yeast, and hybrid plants, but its role in adaptation has been unclear [47,61,62]. We used genetic manipulation and competitive fitness assays to show that a particular set of LOH events was the result of selection on the loss of the S. uvarum allele and amplification of the S. cerevisiae allele at the high affinity phosphate transporter PHO84 in phosphate limited conditions. By empirically demonstrating that LOH can be the product of selection, we illuminated how an underappreciated mutation class can underlie adaptive hybrid phenotypes.
This prior study illuminated how the environment (differences in nutrient availability) can bias a hybrid genome towards one parent sub-genome. Due to many examples of genotype by temperature interaction in hybrids across many taxa, and in particular difference in species temperature preference in our hybrids, we speculated that temperature is an important environmental modifier which may influence parental sub-genome representation in hybrids. Temperature can perturb fundamentally all physiological, developmental, and ecological processes, and as such, temperature is an essential factor in determining species distribution and biodiversity at temporal and spatial scales [63–65]. We hypothesized that in S. cerevisiae x S. uvarum hybrids, S. cerevisiae alleles may be favored at warmer temperatures, whereas S. uvarum alleles may be preferred at colder temperatures, giving the hybrid an expanded capacity to adapt. To test how temperature influences hybrid genome composition over time, we evolved the same interspecific hybrid yeast in the laboratory at 15°C for 200 generations. In comparing laboratory evolution at 15°C and 30°C, we present evidence that temperature can indeed bias hybrid genome composition towards one parental sub-genome, and we focus on a reciprocal LOH event at the PHO84 locus. We show that which species' allele is lost or maintained at this locus is dependent on the parental species' temperature preference and the temperature at which the hybrid was evolved, thus revealing a genotype by environment interaction. Our results are one of the first clear examples with a molecular genetic explanation of how hybrids have expanded adaptive potential by maintaining two genomes, but also how adapting to one condition may abrogate evolutionary possibilities in heterogeneous environments.
Laboratory evolution of hybrids and their parents at cold temperatures
To test whether temperature can influence the direction of resolution of hybrid genomes, we evolved 14 independent populations of a S. cerevisiae x S. uvarum hybrid in nutrient-limited media at 15° C for 200 generations (phosphate-limited: 6 populations; glucose-limited: 4 populations; sulfate-limited: 4 populations). Diploid S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum populations were evolved in parallel (4 populations of S. cerevisiae and 2 populations of S. uvarum in each of the three nutrient limited conditions). Populations were sampled from the final timepoint and submitted for whole genome sequencing and analysis.
Loss of S. cerevisiae alleles in cold evolved hybrids
We detected large scale copy number variants in our cold evolved populations, including whole and partial chromosome aneuploidy and loss of heterozygosity (Table 1; Tables S1-S2; Figures S1-S7). Previously, in hybrids evolved at 30°C, we observed more LOH events in which the S. uvarum allele was lost (5/9 LOH events), and found a significant preference for S. cerevisiae partial and whole chromosome amplification [60]. In contrast, in hybrids evolved at 15°C, we observe 6/6 LOH events in which the S. cerevisiae allele is lost and the S. uvarum allele is maintained, suggestive of a S. uvarum cold temperature benefit. While our sample sizes are modest, together these results indicate that temperature can determine hybrid genomic composition in the generations following a hybridization event.
Copy number changes, and specifically amplification of nutrient transporter genes, are well-recognized paths to adaptation in laboratory evolution in nutrient limited conditions [48,60,66–75]. Similar to previous studies, we find both chromosomal aneuploidy and LOH are nutrient limitation specific, with repeatable genomic changes occurring in replicate populations under the same nutrient condition, but few if any changes shared across nutrients. In glucose limitation, 3/4 hybrid populations experienced chromosome XV LOH, losing the S. cerevisiae allele for portions of the chromosome. Haploidization of one of these implicated regions on chromosome XV was previously observed in S. cerevisiae diploids evolved at 30°C in glucose limitation [60,73], but it was not observed in any previously evolved hybrids, and which genes may be responsible for fitness increases are unclear. In sulfate limitation, we recapitulate previous hybrid laboratory evolution results [60], observing the amplification of the S. cerevisiae high affinity sulfate transporter gene SUL1 in low sulfate conditions (4/4 hybrids, Figures S1, S2). Amplification of S. cerevisiae SUL1 therefore seems to confer a high relative fitness regardless of temperature (see section below, "Pleiotropic fitness costs resulting from loss of heterozygosity"). Though prior work showed highly repeatable amplification of S. cerevisiae SUL1 at 30°C in S. cerevisiae haploids and diploids [60,66,73–75], and amplification of S. uvarum SUL2 after approximately 500 generations at 25°C in S. uvarum diploids [75], we never observed amplification of SUL1 or SUL2 in S. cerevisiae or S. uvarum diploids at 15°C, albeit our experiments were terminated at 200 generations.
Finally and most notably, in low phosphate conditions, we discovered a LOH event in which the S. cerevisiae allele is lost and S. uvarum allele is amplified on chromosome XIII, which encompasses the high affinity phosphate transporter PHO84 locus (2/6 hybrid populations; Figure 1 A). The directionality of this LOH event is the opposite outcome of our observations of hybrids evolved at 30° C, in which the S. cerevisiae allele was amplified and the S. uvarum allele was lost in this same region (3/6 populations, Figure 1 A). The direction of resolution of these LOH events thus appears to be modulated by temperature.
Environment-dependent loss of heterozygosity aids in temperature adaptation in hybrids
Based on previous results that demonstrated that LOH at the PHO84 locus conferred a high fitness benefit at warm temperatures, we hypothesized that this apparent preference for the alternate species' allele in different environments is explained by a genotype by environment interaction at the PHO84 locus itself. To test this hypothesis, we repeated the competitive fitness assays of allele-swapped strains from Smukowski Heil et al. (2017) at 15°C. These strains are either homozygous S. cerevisiae, homozygous S. uvarum, or heterozygous for both species at the PHO84 locus in an otherwise isogenic hybrid background. Indeed, we demonstrate a fitness tradeoff dependent on temperature, in which hybrids homozygous for S. uvarum PHO84 show a fitness increase of 6.69% (+/−0.49) at 15°C relative to their hybrid ancestor, which carries a copy of each species' PHO84 allele. In contrast, hybrids homozygous for S. cerevisiae PHO84 show a slight relative fitness decrease (-2.67% +/−1.00) at this temperature (Figure 1 B). There is a significant difference between fitness of hybrids homozygous for S. cerevisiae PHO84 at different temperatures (p<0.001, Welch Two Sample t-test), suggesting the S. cerevisiae allele of PHO84 is temperature sensitive.
Pleiotropic fitness costs resulting from loss of heterozygosity
We clearly demonstrate a fitness trade-off dependent on temperature at the PHO84 locus. To explore if other mutations in evolved hybrids demonstrate antagonistic pleiotropy at divergent temperatures, we conducted a series of competitive fitness assays at 15°C and 30°C. We isolated two clones from each hybrid population evolved at 15°C, and competed the clone against a common unevolved hybrid ancestor in the nutrient limitation it was evolved in at both 15°C and 30°C.
First, we sought to identify how the chromosome XIII LOH event influences fitness beyond the PHO84 locus. We demonstrate that clones evolved in phosphate limitation with the chromosome XIII LOH event (homozygous S. uvarum PHO84; P1–15°C and P3–15°C) have higher competitive fitness at 15°C and decreased competitive fitness at 30°C, displaying antagonistic pleiotropy (Figure 2 A). In contrast, clones isolated from populations without chromosome XIII LOH (P2–15°C, P4–15°C, P5–15°C, P6–15°C) have variable fitness responses at both temperatures. To compare these results to the reciprocal LOH event seen in hybrids evolved at 30°C in which hybrids became homozygous for S. cerevisiae PHO84, we competed clones from populations initially evolved at 30°C at 15°C. Indeed, clones with the LOH event homozygous for S. cerevisiae PHO84 (P3–30°C, P4–30°C, P5–30°C) have increased fitness at 30°C and decreased fitness at 15°C (Figure 2 B), consistent with the PHO84 allele swap competitive fitness results. Of course, there are other mutations present in these clones, and some evidence that these fitness values may be influenced by the tract length of the LOH event, which ranges from approximately 79kb to 234kb. For example, P3–30°C has the shortest LOH tract at approximately 25kb in length and has a higher relative fitness at 15°C than either P4–30°C or P5–30°C, whose LOH tracts extend to 221kb and 234kb, respectively. The LOH tract length is approximately 80kb in both cold evolved populations (P1–15°C: 82,283; P3–15°C: 79,085), but is made more complex by the amplification of a portion of the S. cerevisiae sub-genome adjacent to the LOH event (P1–15°C: 81,105–168,345; P3–15°C: 79,074–168,345; Figure 1 A). Together, these results support a temperature sensitive fitness response at the PHO84 locus, but also imply that there may be other genes modulating fitness in the chromosome XIII LOH events, something we hope to explore in future work.
Results are variable from hybrid clones evolved in other media conditions at 15°C, with some clones having higher relative fitness at 15°C and lower fitness at 30°C, some clones showing the opposite trend, and some clones having similar fitness at both temperatures (Table 2). It thus appears that temperature specific antagonistic pleiotropy, in which a clone has high fitness at one temperature and low fitness at the other temperature, is relatively rare, with the LOH encompassing PHO84 being the only clear example (but see P2-C2, G9-C2). The only other distinct pattern in the fitness data is that all hybrids evolved in sulfate limitation demonstrate fitness gains at both 15°C and 30°C. All populations have an increased fitness of 23.66–41.01% relative to their hybrid ancestor at 30°C, except for the clone from population S9–15°C. This result is in line with the observation of an amplification of SUL1 at very low frequency and/or low copy number in this population compared to other sulfate limited evolved populations (Figure S1). These data suggest that an amplification of S. cerevisiae SUL1 confers a fitness benefit at both cold and warm temperatures, but is most beneficial at warm temperatures.
Single nucleotide variants show no overlap with previous study, occurrence shows slight S. cerevisiae sub-genome bias in hybrids
Through comparison of the single nucleotide variants and indels called in the hybrid populations evolved at 15°C and 30°C, we observed a slight, though not significant, increase in the number of mutations in the S. cerevisiae portion of the genome when evolved at temperatures preferred by S. uvarum (12/19 mutations are in the S. cerevisiae sub-genome at 15°C compared to 16/30 mutations in the S. cerevisiae sub-genome at 30°C, Fisher's exact test p = 0.5636; Table S3). We speculate that the relationship between the number of detectable, high-frequency mutations and growth temperature could be reflective of the degree to which either species is shifted from its optimal environment, and a difference in the size of the adaptive space available. There was no overlap in genes with variants identified in datasets from 15°C and 30°C.
We suspect that the low growth temperature is a selective pressure for both the hybrids and the parental populations, and we did observe mutations in two genes (BNA7 and OTU1) that were previously identified in a study of transcriptional differences of S. cerevisiae in long-term, glucose-limited, cold chemostat exposure [76]. We found no overlap with genes previously identified to be essential for growth in the cold [77,78], or differentially expressed during short-term cold exposure [79,80], though our screen is hardly saturated and growth conditions differ between these studies. Additionally, we observed some mutations in genes that are members of the cAMP-PKA pathway, which has been previously implicated in cold and nutrient-limitation adaptation [76,81].
Based on the mutations observed in populations evolved at 30°C, we previously hypothesized that an intergenomic conflict between the nuclear and mitochondrial genome of S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum is an important selection pressure during the evolution of these hybrids [60]. We find further circumstantial evidence for the possibility that mitochondrial conflicts are influential in hybrid evolution as 3/19 point mutations in the hybrids are related to mitochondrial function, whereas 1/20 are related in the parental species populations.
Finally, we did observe one recurrent mutational target. Eight independent S. cerevisiae diploid lineages had a substitution occur at 1 of 3 different amino acid positions in Tpk2, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. Previously, it has been reported that Tpk2 is a key regulator of the cell sticking phenotype known as flocculation through inactivation of Sfl1, a negative regulator of FLO11, and activation of FLO8, a positive regulator of FLO11 [82,83]. This mutation was detected exclusively in flocculent populations. We and others have previously established that flocculation evolves quite frequently in the chemostat, likely as an adaptation to the device itself, but we have not previously observed a flocculation phenotype caused by these mutations in other evolved populations of S. cerevisiae [84]. While we have not definitively demonstrated causation, prior literature links TPK2 to flocculation, and all evolved clones bearing a TPK2 mutation flocculated within seconds of resuspension by vortexing (Figure S8). Most mutations were heterozygous, but within several lineages, we observed evidence of a LOH event that caused the TPK2 mutation to become homozygous. Clones bearing a homozygous mutation in TPK2 showed a faster flocculation phenotype than their heterozygous counterparts. We similarly observed one lineage with a mutation causing a pre-mature stop and subsequent LOH in SFL1, whose isolated clones displayed a robust flocculation phenotype. We suspect that our previous lack of detection is likely due to the well-established genetic differences in the FLO8 gene between the strains used in this study and previous studies, which would alter whether a FLO8 dependent flocculation phenotype is possible [85].
In summary, we evolved populations of interspecific hybrids at cold temperatures and show that temperature can influence parental representation in a hybrid genome. We find a variety of mutations whose annotated function is associated with temperature or nutrient limitation, including both previously described and novel genes. Most notably, we discover a temperature and species specific gene by environment interaction in hybrids, which empirically demonstrates that temperature influences hybrid genome evolution.
Growth temperature appears to be one of the most definitive phenotypic differences between species of the Saccharomyces clade, with S. cerevisiae being exceptionally thermotolerant, while many other species exhibit cold tolerance [86–88]. Significant work has focused on determining the genetic basis of thermotolerance in S. cerevisiae with less attention devoted to cold tolerance, though numerous genes and pathways have been implicated [77–80,89–93]. Hybrids may offer a unique pathway for coping with temperatures above or below the optimal growing temperature of one parent [45,94,95], and may aid in the identification of genes important in temperature tolerance. For example, it has long been speculated that the allopolyploid hybrid yeast S. pastorianus (S. cerevisiae x S. eubayanus) tolerates the cold temperatures utilized in lager beer production due to the sub-genome of the cold adapted S. eubayanus [49–54,96–98]. Indeed, creation of de novo hybrids between S. cerevisiae and cold tolerant species S. uvarum, S. eubayanus, S. arboricola, and S. mikatae all show similar ability to ferment at 12°C [98]. A pair of recent studies show that mitochondrial inheritance in hybrids is also important in heat and cold tolerance, with the S. cerevisiae mitotype conferring heat tolerance and S. uvarum and S. eubayanus mitotypes conferring cold tolerance [95,99]. The hybrid ancestor used for our laboratory evolution experiments at both 15°C and 30°C has S. cerevisiae mitochondria, but exploring how this has influenced the evolution of these hybrids is worthy of further work.
Though our work here is complicated by utilizing multiple selection pressures (nutrient limitation and cold temperature), several patterns are suggestive of temperature specific adaptations in evolved hybrids. We see a slight single nucleotide variant bias towards S. cerevisiae mutations, we observe LOH events exclusively favoring the retention of the S. uvarum allele, and we demonstrate a fitness advantage of the S. uvarum allele compared to the S. cerevisiae allele at PHO84. The temperature sensitivity of the PHO84 allele is a curious phenomenon for which we do not have a clear understanding. The phosphate metabolism pathway was recently implicated in temperature sensitivity in S. cerevisiae x S. uvarum hybrids: more specifically, S. cerevisiae alleles of 12 phosphate metabolism genes showed significantly higher expression at 37°C than S. uvarum alleles (no significant difference at 22°C or 33°C). S. cerevisiae PHO84 was one of only a handful of genes whose expression was shown to be downregulated at 4°C and upregulated at 35°C [90]. These results are consistent with our observations from fitness assays that the S. cerevisiae PHO84 allele is temperature sensitive, yielding high fitness at high temperatures. One potential connection is the need for inorganic phosphate for various processes involved in stress response, including heat shock and activation of the PKA pathway, of which PHO84 is required [100–103]. This gene provides an interesting example of identifying a gene and pathway previously not appreciated for a role in temperature adaptation, and highlights using multiple environments to better understand parental species preferences and potentially environment specific incompatibilities.
More broadly, through the lens of PHO84, we establish LOH as an important molecular mechanism in hybrid adaptation, but we also demonstrate that this mutation type has fitness tradeoffs. The selection of a particular species allele may confer a fitness advantage in a given environment, but at a risk of extinction if the environment changes. Furthermore, such mutations rarely affect single genes, and instead operate on multigenic genomic segments, leading to a further pleiotropic benefit and/or risk even in environments unrelated to the initial selective regime. Relatively constant environments such as those found in the production of beer and wine may offer fewer such risks, where hybrids may find a particular niche that is less variable than their natural environment. Future efforts are warranted to explore how variable environments influence hybrid evolution and the extent of antagonistic pleiotropy in hybrid genomes. However, because LOH has been documented in a variety of different genera and taxa that experience a range of environments, it's likely that our results have broad implications.
In conclusion, we illuminate pathways in which hybridization may allow adaptation to different temperature conditions. Mounting evidence suggests that anthropogenic climate change and habitat degradation are leading both to new niches that can be occupied by hybrids, as well as to new opportunities for hybridization due to changes in species distribution and breakdown of prezygotic reproductive isolation barriers [104–106]. Some researchers have speculated that this process is particularly likely in the arctic, where numerous hybrids have already been identified [107]. Our work supports the idea that portions of these hybrid genomes can be biased in parental representation by the environment in the initial generations following hybridization, and that this selection on species genetic variation may be beneficial or detrimental as conditions change.
Materials and Methods
Strains used to inoculate the laboratory evolution experiments and to gauge relative fitness of PHO84 allele replacements in competition assays were previously utilized by Smukowski Heil et al. [60]. All strains are listed in Table S4.
Evolution experiments
Continuous cultures were established using media and conditions previously described with several modifications to account for a temperature of 15°C [60,66]. Individual cultures were maintained in a 4°C room in a water bath such that the temperature the cultures experienced was 15°C, as monitored by a separate culture vessel containing a thermometer. The dilution rate was adjusted to approximately 0.08, equating to about 3 generations per day. Samples were taken twice a week and measured for optical density at 600 nm and cell count; microscopy was performed to check for contamination; and archival glycerol stocks were made. By 200 generations, 2/16 hybrid populations, 10/12 S. cerevisiae diploid populations, and 0/6 S. uvarum diploid populations had evolved a cell-cell sticking phenotype consistent with flocculation. The experiment was terminated at 200 generations and flocculent and non-flocculent populations were sampled from the final timepoint and submitted for whole genome sequencing (40 populations total, some cultures had only a flocculent or non-flocculent population while some cultures had both sub-populations). Populations from vessels that experienced flocculation were isolated as described in [84], and are denoted with "F".
Genome sequencing and analysis
DNA was extracted from each population using the Hoffman–Winston protocol (Hoffman and Winston 1987) and cleaned using the Clean & Concentrator kit (Zymo Research). Nextera libraries were prepared following the Nextera library kit protocol and sequenced using paired end 150 bp reads on the Illumina NextSeq 500 machine. The reference genomes used were S. cerevisiae v3 (Engel et al. 2014), S. uvarum (Scannell et al. 2011), and a hybrid reference genome created by concatenating the two genomes.
Variant calling was conducted on each population using two separate pipelines. For the first pipeline, we trimmed reads using trimmomatic/0.32 and aligned reads to their respective genomes (S. cerevisiae., S. uvarum, or a concatenated hybrid genome) using the mem algorithm from BWA/0.7.13, and manipulated the resulting files using Samtools/1.7. Duplicates were then removed using picard/2.6.0, and the indels were realigned using GATK/3.7. Variants were then called using Samtools (bcftools/1.5 with the–A and–B arguments), freebayes and lofreq/2.1.2. The variants were then filtered using bcftools/1.5 for quality scores above 10 and read depth above 20. For the second pipeline, reads were trimmed using Trimmomatic/0.32 and aligned using Bowtie2/2.2.3, then preprocessed in the same manner as the first pipeline. Variants were then called using lofreq/2.1.2 and freebayes/1.0.2–6-g3ce827d (using the –-pooled-discrete –-pooled-continuous –-report-genotype-likelihood-max –-allele-balance-priors-off –-min-alternate-fraction 0.05 arguments from bcbio (https://github.com/bcbio/bcbio-nextgen)). Variants were then filtered using bedtools/2.25.0 and the following arguments (Sup. table). In both variant calling pipelines, variants were filtered against their sequenced ancestors and annotated for gene identity, mutation type, and amino acid change consequence [108]. Final variant calls were manually confirmed through visual inspection in the Integrative Genomics Viewer [109] (1550 mutations checked in total).
For comparisons with clones evolved at 30°C which were analyzed using a different pipeline [60], we called variants on the previously published 30°C sequencing data using the same computational pipelines described here, and completely recapitulated the previous true positive variant calls.
Data availability
Illumina reads generated in this study are deposited in the NCBI-SRA database under BioProject number PRJNA493117.
Fitness assays
The pairwise competition experiments were performed in 20 ml chemostats as previously described [60,110]. The competition experiments performed at 15°C were modified as described above in the Evolution experiments. For all cold-evolved hybrid populations, one to two clones were isolated for use in competition experiments. Clones from P1–15° and P3–15° were PCR validated to have the chromosome XIII LOH event, but no other LOH, CNV, or single nucleotide variants were screened in these or any other clone tested.
Author Contributions
C.S.H. and M.J.D. designed the experiment; C.S.H., C.R.L., and K.P. conducted experiments; C.S.H. and C.R.L. conducted data analysis; and C.S.H., C.R.L., and M.J.D. wrote the paper.
We thank Angela Hickey for assistance with fitness assays. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant number 1516330). M.J.D. is a Senior Fellow in the Genetic Networks program at the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and a Rita Allen Foundation Scholar. M.J.D. is supported in part by a Faculty Scholars grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Picture size: 10.5 Mpixels (30.1 MB uncompressed) - 5616x1872 pixels (18.7x6.2 in / 47.5x15.8 cm at 300 ppi)
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Why does our society appear to seek each way to overcome illness and illness aside from looking in the best Instruction Handbook that is been round for 1000's of years? If you don't eat meat for personal causes, however wish to reap the benefits of further iron, you might wish to consider consuming foods that include excessive levels of Vitamin C. This vitamin helps the physique to soak up the iron that it meets extra rapidly.
Some fashionable kinds of ethnic foods embody Italian , French , Japanese , Chinese language , American , Cajun , Thai , African , Indian and Nepalese Various cultures throughout the world research the dietary evaluation of food habits While evolutionarily speaking, versus culturally, humans are omnivores , faith and social constructs akin to morality , activism , or environmentalism will typically affect which foods they'll consume.
Additionally trim pores and skin and fats off meat products and try grilling them slightly than frying them. Deep fried foods corresponding to French fries ought to be eaten sparsely. Keep cooking and eating utensils clean. Traditional outdoor desserts like popsicles and ice cream are nice, however attempt making these summery treats wholesome or gourmet twists.
As previously discussed, the physique is designed by natural selection to take pleasure in sweet and fattening foods for evolutionary diets, ideally suited for hunters and gatherers Thus, candy and fattening foods in nature are sometimes rare and are very pleasurable to eat.
Greens ought to be put into boiling water and boiled rapidly, whereas meat must be put into chilly water and introduced up to the boil when making soup, or put into boiling water for stews. They can cause us to have allergic reactions to many foods we eat on a daily basis.


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Introduction Hosting For Business
The company has a variety of cloud, dedicated, reseller, virtual private server (VPS), along with WordPress server packages with enough muscle and flexibility to power the likes of Eddie Bauer, Home Depot, National Geographic, Porsche, along with Symantec. In actuality, Liquid Web is our first selection for managed web hosting. Be prepared to pay premium prices for this premium service, however, and forget about the cheaper shared hosting tier of service: Liquid Web does not offer it. Hosting For Business
No Shared Web Hosting.
As previously mentioned, Liquid Web doesn't provide shared hosting (that is generally used by people and also the smallest of companies ), so in the event you want to innovate because hosting group, you need to look elsewhere. HostGator provides Linux- or Windows-based established shared hosting packages that provide small- and medium-size small business room to grow (beginning at $3.95 a month).
Click Here to sign up to your Liquid Web Service
VPS Web Hosting
If you want a host with substantial power, minus the high dedicated-server price tag, then have a look at Liquid Web's VPS servers. Unlike a number of other VPS providers I've reviewed, Liquid Web only fees for the number of times you utilize the service per month, which is useful if you made a decision to cancel your account.
You might also contact Liquid Web if you want to spec a more powerful server.
Liquid Web's RAM and storage totals will be the best I've seen for their price . That is a big qualifier, nevertheless, given Liquid Web's prices. Hostwinds is our pick for VPS support for the SMBs that are our primary crowd, but when you're shopping for enterprise-level hosting, Liquid Web is definitely worth checking out. In fact, Hostwinds provides unlimited monthly data transfer throughout the board.
WordPress Web Hosting
Liquid Web also offers three tiers of managed WordPress web hosting, starting at $119 per month for 5TB of yearly data transfers, 10 domains, and a 100GB bootable driveway. Much like other handled WordPress hosts, Liquid Web has straightforward supports, automatic updates, and access to countless programs and WordPress plug-ins, due to its library.
Liquid Web's managed hosting environment is specifically designed for installing WordPress and associated plug-ins. In fact, you don't have to put in the CMS whatsoever, as it comes preinstalled. When you're logged into WordPress, then you can make articles, pages, and galleries as you want with another self-hosted WordPress site. I was able to quickly produce a rudimentary test page which got the work done.
The WordPress setup's back end comprises several themes it is possible to apply to your site in order to give it an attractive appearance or additional performance. You , of course, use a motif that was purchased elsewhere.
Having said that, TMDHosting stays the very best Choice for WordPress hosting. TMD boasts a hierarchical surroundings that offers many WordPress-friendly features, including live malware security and curated plug-insdesigned to enhance your experience. More importantly, TMDHosting boasts infinite storage and monthly data transfers throughout the board.
Dedicated Internet Hosting
If you're looking to build your website about the strongest possible base, however, you'll want to check out Liquid Web's dedicated server offerings. They are available in various configurations, which range from a server using single chip and 16GB of RAM (starting at $199 per month) into a server with a high-end, dual-core processor and 32GB of RAM (starting at $599 per month). Clearly, Liquid Web's dedicated servers are geared toward businesses that need sharp website functionality and that have the money to invest on it.
Liquid Web's well-rounded, managed-level dedicated server packages outclass Hostwinds' amazing, SMB-friendly programs. Hostwinds offers a selection of Linux- based or Windows-based serversup to 128GB of RAM, along with infinite monthly data transports.
Reseller Web Hosting
If you're trying to get into the internet hosting business for yourself, but you don't wish to address managing bandwidth, servers, and other infrastructure issues, have a look at Liquid Web's exceptional reseller web hosting packages. Liquid Web's plans, starting at $59 a month, include an exclusive WebHost Manager Total Option (or WHMCS) plug-in and instant provisioning.
The dedicated and VPS reseller packages are of the Linux and Windows range, and they have the same RAM, monthly information transfersstorage amounts as those who Liquid Web supplies directly. There arealso, again, no shared reseller hosting programs. Liquid Web also enables you to apply your branding to the servers that you lease, and it supplies 24/7 technology support, also.
Liquid Web offers well-rounded reseller plans, however, Hostwinds goes the excess mile with piled specs at a bigger assortment of server categories. Consequently, Hostwinds is our choice for reseller hosting. Hosting For Business
Click Here to register to your Liquid Web Service
Security Features
Want Security? Liquid Web's got you covered.
Some features come bundled with specific bundles, while others you will need to purchase as add-ons. Liquid Web has free nightly copies, too, which will protect you should your site suffer immense damage.
Cloud Web Hosting
Besides shared, VPS, dedicated, and WordPress hosting, Liquid Web also provides cloud hosting. With cloud hosting, the tools that your website should function are shared across multiple servers.
Liquid Web's cloud hosting comes from many tiers (Public Cloud, Dedicated May, and Personal Cloud) and using the Linux or Windows operating system. The prices begin at $59 a month (for 2GB of RAM, 40GB of storage, and also 5TB of yearly data) and climb to nearly $1000 each month based upon your configuration of selection. There's a whole great deal of flexibility in case you will need to expand server tools.
Nevertheless, DreamHost's is actually the best for cloud-hosting, largely because it's accessible to a wider cross section of prospective cloud-hosting users compared to Liquid Web's higher-end, controlled solutions, which are in a class of their very own.
Outstanding Customer Services
Liquid Web boasts an outstanding Heroic Support customer service team, a squad of educated folks who help you in under a minute if you hit out by phone, below 30 minutes in case you submit a help desk ticket, also below 59 minutes should you reach out by conversation. Sounds great, yes? It is.
I chased up the internet chat on a weekday morning to ask a representative about the difference between cloud hosting and hosting. A rep came to my aid seconds afterwards and gave me a very friendly, comprehensive explanation.
Money-Back Guarantee
Since Liquid Web is pricey, it is good that the agency's plans come with a 30-day money-back warranty, which is usual in the web hosting business. However, considering the quantity of money a company is likely to pay for Liquid Web hosting, it would be great to find a larger refund window.
Superb Uptime
Website uptime is one of the most crucial facets of a hosting service. If your website is down, customers or customers will be not able to locate you or get your products or services. You don't want that. Fortunately, Liquid Web is extremely dependable.
I use a website monitoring tool to track my test sites' uptime on a specified period. Each 15 minutes, the instrument pings my sites and also sends me an email if it is unable to contact some of my websites for a minumum of one minute. The data revealed that Liquid Web didn't go down once over the span of the 14 days.
Expensive, but Powerful
Without doubt, Liquid Web is among the most-powerful internet hosts and it's a clear best choice for managed hosting. It's numerous packages with absolutely killer specs–specs that will cost you a pretty penny. Liquid Web may not have shared hosting packages, however the firm's amazing dedicated and VPS hosting really are enough to put it among the internet hosting elite.
That's not to mention DreamHost, HostGator, or even Hostwinds are irrelevant–far from it. They stay the best choice overall award-winners for those who desire more wallet-friendly hosting options. Still, if your business requires managed web hosting, Liquid Web will perform the job, and also do the work really nicely. Hosting For Business
Click Here to sign up to your Liquid Web Service


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Burst water main closes Halesowen High Street
A major route in Halesowen has been closed due to a burst water main.
High Street and Queensway have been shut from the Earls Way roundabout to the bus station after it burst this morning.
A number of businesses are without water as South Staffs Water work to fix the issue.
This includes Halesowen C Of E Primary School which has been forced to close.
Mike Morris, network Performance manager at South Staffs Water, said: "We have been repairing a water main on Halesowen High Street, following a burst in the early hours of this morning.
"The repair has been completed and local residents and businesses should now see the return of their water supply.
"The road closure from the roundabout on the A458 through to Queensway will remain in place until tomorrow afternoon, while we work to repair the road.
"We will continue to provide updates via our website and mobile app.
"We apologise for the inconvenience and thank you for your continued patience."
Sorry, we are not accepting comments on this article.


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over American entities that manage bitcoins in a payment processor setting or as an exchanger: "In addition, a person is an exchanger bitcoin hyödyke finlandia and a money transmitter if the person accepts such de-centralized convertible virtual currency from one person and transmits. Retrieved 1 February 2018. "I Think I Know Who Satoshi Is". Prices fell to around 400 in April 2014, before rallying in the middle of the year. 74 On, Federal Judge Amos Mazzant of the Eastern District of Texas of the Fifth Circuit ruled that bitcoins are "a currency or a form of money" (specifically securities as defined by Federal Securities Laws and as such were subject to the court's jurisdiction,. 3 4 5, adam Back developed hashcash, a proof-of-work scheme for spam control. 10 Later that year on 31 October, a link to a paper authored by Satoshi Nakamoto titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System 11 was posted to a cryptography mailing list. Skelton, Andy (15 November 2012). He announced that he would sell the service for the missing amount, aiming to use funds from the sale to refund his customers.
"The National Police completes the second phase of the operation "Ransomware". Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Paul Vigna (18 February 2014). Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2018. Archived from the original. Retrieved "301 Response to BitBills Patent By Crypto Coin Wallet Cards". Gox exchange temporarily halted bitcoin deposits. The core developers called for a temporary halt to transactions, sparking a sharp sell-off. 12 In the early segwit bitcoin lompakko days, Nakamoto is estimated to have mined 1 million bitcoins. Retrieved 17 September 2018.


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Words from Guidance for You
Words from Guidance for You
How wonderful to know you are never alone. I am with you always there, dear one, and you can call on Me at any choice point in your life. Now if you are someone who feels judged, or placed on the back burner of importance by others, or left alone without even a passing glance, I am there for you. If you are what others view as someone on the fringes, someone who is different from the norm, I am there for you. My Presence is there for all races, creeds, genders, lifestyles and at any age there. No one is overlooked or left out. For each and everyone who calls on Me, I am there within for you.
Nothing need be shouldered alone. There is no problem that I cannot help you with, and there is no situation in which I will not guide you through. You can bring divine intelligence, wisdom, and living love into any situation as you do so turn within to Me. The call for you is to get to know Me well before there is a crisis or a desperate situation. Get to know Me well now so that our relationship is comfortable and familiar to you for whatever and whenever need is there.
You may think that you do not need a spiritual relationship for much of life, for you can choose most of the every day things yourself. No need to turn to guidance for what to eat or what to watch on TV or how to use that spare time. You may say, 'Isn't there something I can do without living out from the joined mindset, from our relationship there? That is like asking, 'Isn't there something I can do without using my Mind there?' No, dear one, there isn't, without getting caught up in ego dynamics there, which will never serve you well.
Now you have free will as an inherent gift from your Maker. God did not want to create robots without freedom there. He wanted you to come to Him freely, of your own accord, and that is what I am asking of you, to come freely to Me of your own choosing. You see, I am not into coercion, nor manipulation, nor playing games with you. I do not play hide and seek or peek-a-boo with you, here one minute and gone the next. I offer Myself and you must freely choose. Quiet your thinking mindset and find that place of peace, that still point in conscious awareness. Then ask Me in. I will hear you and I will answer. Do this often and your practice will make it so easy and familiar for us to relate.
It will be as if I had aways been there and that I was always your good friend, your partner, your spiritual guide. Since Source moves as a Wholeness, it is all you, dear one, it is all you. You are that point of light, of love, God's meaning, right where you are. Claim this ever-present relationship as your own, dear one. Know that I love you, and that you are never alone.
An ever-present relationship...
May 18, 2019


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Tap Connector, 2-way
Art. 14-029
Out of stock
Shelf location:
In stock in and in {0} other stores
Not in stock in In stock in {0} store
In stock in {0} store
Made of plastic and aluminium. For taps with 1/2" or 3/4" external threads. 2 closable outlets. 1/2" nipple for quick-connector.


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Whether your hate 'em or love 'em, everyone has a birthday.
NIB Tory Burch Benton Ballet Flats shoes Black Size 7 248,
"Wait! Facebook knows your birthday?" NEW Women's Creeper Wedge Heels Oxfords Check Plaid Platform Casual shoes US SZ,.NEW COLE HAAN COLLECTION BROWN TEXTURED LEATHER SLINGBACKS WEDGES US SIZE 7,5 M,
But it's also great for business marketing, too!
Having a Facebook birthday offer is a win-win situation for both the customer and the business.Nude Shimmering gold Glitter Perforated Pointy Toe Stiletto Heel shoes, US 10,.
Nine West Women's Stellen Caged High Heel Sandals Black Patent Size 9.5 M,.
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Pleaser 6 criss cross black shiny slinback sandals,NIB NEW Chloe Lauren black leather pointy scalloped ballerina flats 39.5 9.5,.Pleaser Womens Sexy15 Bpu Heeled Sandal- Select SZ color.,.
Patricia Nash Ruffina Mule Pumps 235, Chocolate gold, 7.5 US 37.5 EU,.
NEW Christian Louboutin SABOTAGE Slides Black Green Leopard Sandals shoes 39,
New Diane von Furstenberg Tmgold 'Remy' Sandal, V1359777TMCAFBLN, 7.5,.
NWB Aquazzura Black Suede Dancer flats Size 36.5 US 6.5,
PLEASER Sexy 7 Heel Stripper Blacklight Reactive Pink Flame Platform shoes,.
NIB BALENCIAGA Made In Green Leather Arena Brogue Ballerina Flat Size 35.5,Pour La Victoire Black Boots,.PLEASER SEXY-42 RED PATENT PEEP-TOE STILETTO HIGH HEEL COURT SHOES,.
Pleaser Seduce-420V Ladies Kitten Heel Classic Pointed Heel Slide Wedding shoes,. The hope is that most people will bring family or friends with them to celebrate:
Other ideas for birthday offers you can deploy:
- Discount code larger than what you usually offer in your promotions
- A birthday bundle of your products
- A free gift in-store the month of their birthday
- Free choice of product from your site (this works well for digital product or physical)
- 1-hour digital service/ evaluation/ optimization
NEW COLE HAAN WOMEN MORGAN REAL COW FUR HEELS PUMPS SHOES 5 348,New MANOLO BLAHNIK Sarah Jessica Parker WILKIE Carolyne Beige Nude Snake SHOES,.NEW Geox D32T7B00043C9999 Womens Marie Claire Mid Dress Pump Size 10 US Black,.
NWOB Tory Burch pinktte pinks Slip On Sneaker shoes Black Size 5.5M,
New WOMENS RUBY SHOO NAVY CORDELIA TEXTILE SHOES BALLERINA,
Now to set up the Facebook ad!
Item specifics
New with box: A brand-new, unused, and unworn item (including handmade items) in the original packaging (such as ... Read moreabout the condition
|Loafers & Moccasins
|US Shoe Size (Women's):
|Heel Height:
|Flat (0 to 1/2 in.)
|Medium (B, M)
|Patent Leather
Pleaser Adore-701LN shoes Mules Platform Sandals High Heels Black Pole Dancing,.
The ad set is where the targeting magic happens.NIB CHRISTIAN DIOR Md In Leather Quilted Ballerina Flat Size 36.5 640,
Under detailed targeting, this is where you choose the "Upcoming Birthday" Life Event:
PLEASER Sexy 8 Heel Silver Glitter Platform Ankle Strap Dancer Stripper shoes,PLEASER SKY-308 CLEAR PLATFORM POLE DANCING STILETTO HEEL SHOES SANDALS,.NEW Teal MEPHISTO Mobils Nubuck Leather Strap Loafers shoes 7.5 FRANCE,.
Once you have the targeting in place, you move over to create the actual ad.
Choose your creative (a photo or video), and then create the ad copy and headline. You then connect the ad to your ManyChat JSON Growth Tool.
PLEASER TEEZE-42 T-Strap Stiletto High Heel Strappy Platform Sandal Studs Black,Pin Up Couture Teeze-12-2 black Pat (Sacred Heart Imprimé) UK 3 ( Ue 36),.New J.Crew Corsica Espadrille Wedges Sz 10 Chester Brown Suede Sandals G4182,.
NWT Jmmy Choo Lucy 100 Black Dahlia Embroidered Heels Pumps size 38.5 US 8 8.5,PLEASER Sexy 5 High Heel Black Women's Pumps shoes 8220 B,.NIB Cole Haan Air Juliana 45 PUMP POINTED TOE 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 COVE PATENT,.
Paul Green shoes Black size UK 4.5 new unused original box.,PLEASER ADORE 709FS BLACK FAUX SUEDE PLATFORM STILETTO HEEL SANDALS SHOES,.PINUP COUTURE Womens shoes Platform Pumps Red Satin Bow CUTIEPIE-06 Polka Dot-10,.
Here is the opt-in flow I created for the restaurant:
NEW Steve Madden Hot Snakeskin Rope Wedge Platform Sexy Heels Sandals 9.5 M 144,
Nine West Women's Weltone Patent Dress Pump,
Hit "Publish" and your ad will be submitted to Facebook for approval!
PLEASER 6 Heel Lace Up Platform Blacklight Reactive Black Canvas Sneaker shoes,NEW J. CREW Retail 268 PATENT LEATHER WING TIP OXFORDS BLACK SIZE 9.5 ITALY,.New Womens Ruby Shoo Nude Metallic Cassandra Textile shoes Floral Buckle,.
PRADA Ballet Flats Nappa Leather Black Size 7.5 Bow Decoration,New in Box Dr Marten 1461 Metallic Cherry Red Oxford UK 5 Made in England,.NEW WOMENS KOOLBURRA VICTORIA TALL WINTER SUEDE BLACK BOOT SIZE 7,.
Here are some of my stats after deploying a birthday bot for 20 weeks (see image below):
- Average ad spend: $5.00 a day
- 485 new subscribers
- Cost per subscriber: $1.02 a subscriber
- Relevancy Score of 6 (out of 10)
- People see the ad around 2 times in a week (which means no ad fatigue)
New Orizonte Equinox Womens European Comfortable Leather Mid Heel Sandals,
PLEASER - Kiss-209 Sexy Ankle Strap Platform Sandal shoes,. Other than that, it just runs in the background bringing my client new customers every week!
Pierre Hardy suede pink sandals, worn once, size 39,.
Pour La Victoire Cailyn Dress Women's Beige Snake Mesh Us 6 M,
Nine West 25029479 Womens Taylin Patent Pump- Choose SZ color.,Learn more here.
[NEW Stuart WEITZMAN Tortoise Patent Sandals shoes Cork WEDGE Platform Heels Sz 9, Original L'AUTRE CHOSE Size 39,5 Court shoes Lacquer Heels Pink New Previously,]


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For too long, theological education has been divorced from the local church. Men and women have been sent off to faraway places to study in ivory towers when the work of the gospel happens through blood, sweat, and tears in the streets of our cities, in the family of God's people, the church. We believe the training of potential pastors, planters, leaders and missionaries is best done in the context of the local church.
Since her beginning in 2006, Karis has trained over 30 interns. Those graduates have been sent across America and around the globe, planting and helping plant gospel-centered churches. Karis Church offers multiple opportunities for men and women to develop their understanding of the Bible, improve their leadership skills and discern their calling to vocational or lay ministry.
"It was a joy to work with a former Karis intern as he was in the final stages of preparing to plant his church. His time with Kevin and Karis prepared him well to plant. I'm thankful for their work with him and their continued investment in individuals in the early stages of ministry through their internship program."Elliot GrudemFounder and PresidentLeaders Collective
Lead School - One Year (5 hours a week)
Students in Karis Church's Lead School complete year one of Porterbrook Learning in small, weekly, discussion cohorts. They also come together once a month for a theology and ministry discussion with a Karis Church leader. While in Lead School, students gain leadership experience through a ministry service area and accompanying project. Students are also regularly shepherded by Karis Church elders. Lead School begins each fall and is typically suited for those desiring to serve in lay church leadership.
Karis Internship - Two Years (20 hours a week)
For men and women who feel a calling to vocational or lay church leadership and desire to discern and develop their gifts, Karis Church offers a 2-year, intensive ministry internship. Interns must be church members who have completed an application and interview process. During the course of their internship, students complete years one and two of Porterbrook Learning, along with additional reading assignments. They gain valuable ministry experience while immersed in the life of a healthy local church. Interns attend regular staff meetings and training sessions and are provided additional church responsibilities and leadership opportunities. Students are shepherded during their two years by Karis Church elders. They also have the option to pursue a discounted seminary education (instead of Porterbrook) through Southern or Midwestern seminaries while staying onsite in Columbia.
Karis Internship - Summer (20 hours a week)
Some college students may choose to pursue a shorter, summer internship through Karis. Summer interns will experience some of the same opportunities of traditional interns - theology study, ministry experience, elder shepherding, etc. - yet just over a ten week period. Although the summer internship has proven valuable for many, it's recommended that most students commit to the two-year option.
Residency Program - One-Two Years (20 hours a week)
Residencies are designed for those who have completed the Karis internship or seminary studies. They are best suited for those who have discerned their calling to church plant here or overseas and desire additional ministry experience, along with guidance and support during the planting process. Students typically go through the Karis Church eldership process, and complete a ministry strategic plan, along with other next-level leadership responsibilities (preaching, MC leadership, etc.). Residents may also choose to pursue seminary studies during their residency stay.
Note: each program utilizes Porterbrook Learning, which comes at an inexpensive, discounted cost-per-course


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STUNNING VIEW OF LAKE AND GOLF COURSE: This single-family home is located on the 18th hole with gorgeous view of lake and golf course. Showcasing beautifully with updated kitchen with exquisite granite counter tops, gorgeous wood floors in great room, tile floor in kitchen, and carpeting in bedrooms. This Somerset floor plan featuring approximately 2060 square feet under air, 2 bedrooms, den/bedroom, 2 full bathrooms, walk in closet in master bedroom and 3 car garage. Private golf carts allowed annual cart fee $ 1,130.00. No CDD Worthington Country Club is one of Southwest Florida's most desirable bundled golfing communities, offering a distinctive lifestyle with easy access to Bonita Springs, Southwest Florida International Airport, shopping, dining, local beaches and entertainment. Golf course have been completely renovated.
BN12 - East of I-75 South of Cit
Bocce Court, Business Center, Cabana, Clubhouse, Exercise Room, Golf Course, Internet Access, Putting Green, Restaurant, Streetlight, Tennis Court, Underground Utility
High Speed Available, Pantry, Pull Down Stairs, Smoke Detectors, Vaulted Ceiling, Walk-In Closet
The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Southwest Florida Multiple Listing Service. The information being provided is for consumers` personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Listing information last updated on September 16th, 2019 at 1:15pm EDT.


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'See you later, alligator' originated in U.S. teenagers' slang.
The colloquial see you later, alligator, which originated in American English, is a catchphrase used on parting. The expected response is in, or after, a while, crocodile. The earliest instance that I have found is from Teenagers' Slang Expressions Are Explained by Columnists, by "Jackie and Jane, Star-Bulletin Teen Columnists", published in the […]Read More


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The Third China Xi'an Overseas Talents Recruitment Festival will be launched in Qujiang New District in Xi'an from Aug 23 to 25. It will provide a quality platform for overseas talents to learn more about Xi'an, as well as innovate and start up a business in the city.
With many theme activities, such as forums, speeches, and visits to key enterprises, the festival will showcase the city's favorable environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, and its high quality employment opportunities.
Xi'an is attractive to overseas talents due to its advantageous introduction policies, favorable business environment, and convenient living facilities. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
In order to optimize its business environment and provide more convenient services, Xi'an has broadened the entry of foreign experts to settle in the city. Since the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) was launched, nearly 20,000 foreign experts have worked and lived in Xi'an.
Xi'an has initiated the "Xi'an Overseas Talent Workstation" program in five countries, namely Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and Australia. It has signed talent cooperation agreements with 10 global talent institutions and 13 overseas student associations to continuously expand access for innovation and entrepreneurship of overseas talents in the city.
Due to its favorable environment of policy, government affairs, working, and living, the city was shortlisted on the "Top 10 Most Attractive Chinese Cities for Foreigners" at the 17th Conference on International Exchange held in Shenzhen on April 11.