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To the Editor:
On November 6, I'm casting my ballot for Mitch Bolinsky. He is running for the 106th District's state representative position — our Newtown representative in Hartford. Mitch has lived and raised his family in Newtown for the past 12 years and has always been an active volunteer. Locally, the town boards that he has served on are the Board of Ethics, the Economic Development Commission, and, currently, the Legislative Council.
In the time that I have come to know Mitch, I have found him to be a hardworking, principled individual. He has always participated in public service — serving and listening to the challenges of Newtown citizens. Most recently, he supported charter revision changes to give voters a bigger voice in the budget process.
We need an experienced leader in Hartford to be a strong advocate for Newtown. When you mark your ballot, ask yourself this question: Which candidate is best equipped to fight for Newtown citizens? Which candidate has the most experience in our town's government? Which candidate is in tune with the economic obstacles Newtowners face? The answer is Mitch Bolinsky.
Join me in voting for Mitch on November 6.
Bob Mulholland
Vice Chairman
Newtown Planning and Zoning Commission
21 Russett Road, Sandy Hook October 9, 2012
Mitch Bolinsky is someone that deserves your consideration this November at election time. Mitch is running for the 106th District as your Newtown Republican representative to the state. He is a principled gentleman who has volunteered his time as an elected official as well as many civic organizations.
Realistically conservative in his approach to fiscal issues, Mitch will bring much-needed common sense to Hartford. And he is the only choice for state representative this November that has experience in Newtown's government. As your current elected legislative council member, he knows first hand the challenges facing Newtown and has helped shepherd the town through the recent difficult economic times.
I hope you give Mitch Bolinsky your consideration and join me in voting for him in November.
Carey Schierloh
6 Shady Rest Boulevard, Sandy Hook October 9, 2012
Please join me in voting for Mitch Bolinsky as our representative in Hartford on November 6. Mitch's 12-year record of service to Newtown gives him the experience and perspective we need in a leader. This service is varied as a cub scout leader, justice of the peace, Board of Ethics, and a current member of Newtown's Legislative Council.
Mitch believes in listening to the voters and the wide variety of experiences he has had volunteering in Newtown have shaped his positions on many important issues. Mitch wants to preserve, protect, and develop our village neighborhoods. His vision respects the character and uniqueness of these neighborhoods. Mitch believes in sound fiscal policies and has voted to keep Newtown healthy as a member of the council.
Vote for Mitch Bolinsky for our state representative from the 106th. Caring, common sense leadership.
Thank you,
Philip Carroll
1 Fieldstone Drive, Newtown October 8, 2012
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Water-Jel® Technologies 3.5 Gram Burn Jel® Topical Burn Gel
Airgas Part #:W49600U-1
Manufacturer #:600U-1Log in to get your price
$33.75 /Box
Item Details
- Water-Jel® Technologies Burn Jel® is ideal for using in workspace for cooling burns and relief pain using the pain relieving ingredient lidocaine. Burn jel is packed in a 3.5 g unit dose dispenser box.
- It is topical cooling gel with the pain relieving ingredient lidocaine
- Cools the burn and relieves pain
- Burn gel actually draws the heat of the wound and begins dissipating it on contact
- Ideal for the workplace
- Shelf life: 3 years from date of manufacture
- Kitchen
- Office
- Industrial health
- Ambulance
Product Attributes
Product Type» Topical Burn Gel
Trade Name» Burn Jel®
Size Description» 3.5 Gram

subset: commoncrawl


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MYANMAR | Friday, 28 June 2013 | Views [649]
Yangon has been not what we expected, not sure what we expected ( a few more palm trees) but it was'nt this gridlocked, trying to be modern but still wearing longi's city! So many contrasts and clashes.
The area we stayed in was out of the main part of the city, Golden Valley. On one hand l think I'd liked to have been closer to town but then we would not have seen so much, as every taxi driver took us and got us lost a different way! Whew would not have seen so many of the amazing colonial buildings, and there are plenty and they are truly incredible and HUGE! Those British certainly put in good foundations here, pity how things changed so drastically once the Myanmar people took the country back.
If visiting, prepare to spend a lot of time sitting in traffic jams, a bit like Bangkok was over 20 years ago, with bus's so packed people hang off the back or sit on top and then the landcruisers and prado's go whizZing by.
We ate at Le Planteurs! Holy Crap! Monsoon - great curries, Sabai Sabai - fantastic Thai food, Alamanda Inn - nice French food and some road side stalls and tea houses. There are plenty of options, you will not starbe here. There is not much of a bar scene and the town closes early.
Yangon ites are quiet people, they do not live their life in the streets as a lot of Asain countries seem too, they are polite, quiet and keep to themselves.
We have loved this town and already want to come back, I am sure that things will change very quickly here.
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ITF Martos Men, Mardones – De Rueda De Genover, Thursday,
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Proteus Secretarials Pty Ltd
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Lvl 1, 215 Angas StMap
Adelaide SA 5000Click to view map
- http://www.proteuscentre.com
- Send email
- Business Hours 9AM to 5PM or by Appointment
About Us
Adelaide based Proteus Secretarials Pty Ltd are Serviced Offices & Telephone Answering offering a range of products and services including phone scripts and serviced offices for rent. If you need clarification or wish to understand what we can also do with virtual or secretary or other products or services then contact us for more information or call to discuss your requirements.
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CardCall Pty Ltd
"bought a phonecard online. When i tried to use it i couldn't get through it rang out. When i tried calling again my balance was $6.50. I called the help line and they said they would refund me the money that was on the 1/01/13. They promised they would refund it in 24 hrs. They have not deposited anything and today is the 6/01/13"
Jack Brown on 6th Jan 2013


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Caring for one of America's biggest urban parks is a big job!
Each year, more than 35,000 hours of volunteer service are performed at Shelby Farms Park and on Shelby Farms Greenline, helping to keep them clean, green and safe.
Volunteers are at the heart of what we do, and we've got opportunities to fit your schedule and interests. Whether you're looking for an ongoing commitment or a one-time service project, you can get involved.
Questions? Please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Here you will find information that may impact your visit to the Park.
DOG PARK: The lakes in The Outback Off-Leash Area remain closed until further notice.
PLAYGROUND: Construction is underway for improvements in the climbing nest in the playground. While the rest of the playground will remain open during construction, please be prepared for intermittent, temporary closures of some play spaces and the trails and exit road adjacent to the playground.


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By Ncr-Iran Staff
Many economists had predicted that the growing financial and livelihood crises of this year were going to be accompanied by irreversible damages.
According to an economist and lecturer at Kharazmi University, named Vahid Shaghaghi, the sudden decline in Iran's national currency value is yet to exert its full impact on the country's economy; in fact, Shaghaghi believes that the inflation will be rising over 30% by the end of the year.
In a statement released by the government-owned newsagency, "ISNA", Shaghaghi states: "Due to the increase in dollar rate over the past 8 months, the national currency value of Iran and subsequently the purchasing power of Iranians, has declined by 80%".
Shaghaghi, who has likened this decline to an "economic stroke", adds that the ratio of liquidity to GDP is between 60 to 70 percent on a global scale; whereas in Iran, it is a shocking 110 percent, which places it at a "warning border". He also believes that the existence of a "weak banking system" is the cause of a "destructive wandering of liquidity", i.e., the lack of production.
According to Shaghaghi, more than $30 billion fled Iran in last year alone.
On 13th June, the head of the regime's presidential office Mahmoud Vaezi, reported: "Even in areas where dollar is received for 4200 Toman, it is seen to be sold for much higher amounts".
Some media outlets have recently announced that on 13th June 2018, dollar value went over 7000 Toman in Iran's open market.
Despite the efforts of Rouhani's government in April, when 1 dollar was worth 4200 Toman and currency trading was also banned, the rate of dollar and various other foreign currencies has increased exponentially since; and is still fluctuating in the black market.
Experts have also expressed their disagreement with the claims made earlier by the president, Hassan Rouhani, who spoke of 'one-digit' inflation rates; the statistics presented by the government officials are obviously incorrect.
Given the current circumstances, one would come to question the reason behind such a significant decline in Iran's national currency value over the past several years; why is it that despite massive sales of its national resources (such as oil, gas, petrochemicals, handicrafts, and various other products), Iran's currency value has dropped so low?
According to financial experts, there are several reasons for this; such as "the loss of balance between payments and receipts of foreign exchange", "the inappropriate outlook of government on foreign currencies", the existence of political and social issues, the smuggling of goods and currency, the expansion of governmental corruption, and the emergence of serious international crises.
Petrochemical exports, for instance, play an important role in Iran's supply of currency; but rather than importing the resultant funds into the country, exporters have been depositing them into their foreign accounts instead; similar examples have been observed in other fields (e.g., oil exports) over the past years, where governmental officials and mafia affiliates have been seen to deposit their funds into overseas bank accounts; all of which are just a few indications of a corrupted government which continues to steal from its people.
Just last year, there were reports of oil ships and towers gone missing, along with the flight of 50 million dollars; all of which lead to the so called "loss of balance between payments and receipts of currency"; and consequently, to the outbreak of a significant decline in the national currency value.


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Hilton Avisford Park staff recently hosted a special event to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Hilton.
The celebration included cheque presentations to various recipients of funds raised by the hotel during 2018.
The cheques were presented by Simon Sheehan, director of the DM Thomas Foundation for Young People, a foundation which partners closely with the hotel. A total of seven local good causes and charities were grateful to receive grants of £830 each for a wide range of projects, from school benches to funds towards respite breaks.
The recipients and guests then enjoyed celebratory cupcakes and traditional Hilton recipe brownies before joining together for a group photograph amongst a cascade of balloons.


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How to follow the trend in social media
It's important to understand why you should keep up with Social Media trends. We'll begin by highlighting some of benefits to having a Social Media mastery.
Being aware of and how to utilize the latest updates and trends from top platforms to benefit your website can keep you competitive and assist your business to get the greatest return on investment from every Marketing dollar.
For example, your brand could benefit from understanding and utilizing trends such as updates to:
- Images/memes
- Hashtags
- Verbiage
How You Should Stay Current
This might seem obvious, but your first step to understanding Social Media's value to businesses is by using it yourself. You'll soon see the user's point of view, which can be beneficial when promoting your own content. Is there something that really annoys you about objectivity of the steady content barrage on Facebook or Twitter? You can now keep that in mind regarding content for your business to have a better chance of reaching your intended audience.
Like to be the first to know? You'll appreciate breaking news stories! Set up tracking alerts for popular hashtags and news trends. This can be done via:
- Google Alerts
- Instagram Explore Tab
For example, a major trending campaign like ShareACoke can be followed and benchmarked for additional insight on how long-term campaigns affect user engagement. Utilize a/b testing to establish the most effective components for your own marketing campaign(s).
Subscribe to Trustworthy Blogs and Publications
The digital world moves extremely fast and places a premium on accessing the right information as quickly as possible. It's best to get your information from trustworthy blogs and publications, such as:
- AWG Blog
- Social Media Today
- Social Media Examiner
- Post Planner
- Content Marketing Institute
Analyze Your Own Social Media Metrics
Utilize Social Media analytics for personal performance (use in addition to algorithm changes/updates and trending practices). This can also provide valuable insight as to how these new rules and updates apply to and/or affect your brand. The correct informational context is crucial, so it's best to have an established method to understand and to deploy your data across all channels.


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Station 4: Understanding Asset Classes (UI+)
Understanding Asset Classes continues the theme of diversification by focusing on the building blocks of investing, namely the many types of "egg baskets" and their classification and characteristics. These include cash, stocks, bonds, property and commodities and more "exotic" and less tangible ones such as options and futures. We focus on stocks & bonds and examines their behavioural traits, including historical risk and return profiles, factors which make them "tick", their sensitivity to market and economic events, and the unique "inverse" relationship between them which makes these instruments such amicable partners in the process of portfolio construction. We discover that far from being homogeneous groups, stocks and bonds come in many shades of grey and their spectrum of risk and return is wider and more diverse than could be imagined. We also put "property" under the microscope, following Signore Medici's own footsteps as he applies his tried and tested criteria to selecting an investment property to buy! To add to your learning experience, in this package you will also have access to our "Learning Lounge", which is designed for those who wish to delve deeper into a subject and get to know its nuts and bolts, so to speak!


text: Top off any outfit with this striking cream faux fur hat, with pom pom detail. Your little girl will love it. – Faux fur hat: elasticated, lining detailing Washcare/Advice: 40 DEGREE WASH DO NOT BLEACH DO NOT TUMBLE DRY DO NOT IRON DO NOT DRY CLEAN WASH DARK COLOURS SEPERATELY Composition: SHELL – 100% POLYESTER LINING – 68% COTTON, 25% POLYESTER 7% METALISED FIBRE


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A single missing tooth can significantly dent your appearance, besides interfering with your overall oral health. Thankfully, a visit to a reputable dental office can present you with options to take care of the problem once and for all.
For years, dental implants have been a perfect solution for missing teeth. Here are four interesting facts about this corrective procedure.
1. Dental implants are better than other options
Besides implants, people usually look to bridges and dentures to replace missing teeth. What makes dental implant treatment the best solution to missing teeth is that it is remarkably strong and stable.
It fits into the gaps perfectly and functions just like your normal teeth would. Dentures and bridges, on the other hand, often cause bone deterioration, compounding your woes.
2. Dental implants last incredibly long
Even with the best care, dental bridges seldom last over ten years. Dental implants, on the other hand, are built to last a lifetime, requiring only periodic adjustments from time to time. Implants thus provide a lasting and cost-effective solution to missing teeth, which makes them such a popular choice.
3. Dental implants keep your jawbone healthy
The space left when your teeth come out can cause your jawbone to deteriorate. Implants keep the bone firm by providing the support it needs. What's more, they stimulate bone growth. There's hardly another corrective dental procedure that can guarantee the same results.
4. Dental implants are your final solution to cavities
Tired of painful and destructive cavities? Perhaps that's why you lost your teeth in the first place. Cavities do not affect implants, which means that you can now rest easy. However, keep in mind that it's still important to clean all teeth, implants included.
Regardless of why you lost your teeth, dental implants offer you a second chance at enjoying a complete set of teeth once again. When properly installed, implants can reclaim the beauty of your smile while warding off oral health problems.


text: Patients who have gained a straight smile from Fischer Family and Cosmetic Dentistry's orthodontic care can maintain its position with retainers. When your wear our dentists' custom-fitted appliance, then your teeth can stay straight and beautiful for many years to come. Contact Drs. Fischer if you want to learn more about our retainers in Centreville, Virginia.


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Thursday, February 21, 2013
Mojo Monday #281
This week's sketch looks like this:
I am trying to use up some papers so I chose this pack from Authentique:
The card is created in the easel style so it can remain propped open. The card measures 4 1/4" x 5 1/2". I used one of the Cricut Artiste stamp sets for the sentiment and for the kites I used the set "Splendid Day" (which is now retired).
I sewed the kites onto the circles, added a sheer olive-colored ribbon and a bling button from CTMH:
Thanks for stopping by today!
Labels: Mojo Monday
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Happy December everyone! All month I've been wrapping up various projects and thinking about ways to celebrate the #SeasonofStories. I have been writing, painting, and editing work and now I am so, so, so excited to finally be able to share a sneak peak of the cover for my new book with you!
This story has been brewing in my mind for the last five years and almost every year since these characters first made themselves known to me, I've written their story in a different way, each time growing closer and closer to the way it was unfolding in my imagination. There have been twists and surprises all along the way.
This is a story with many characters, a story spanning many worlds and an adventure that connects to a teaching I learned from a story I was once told about the nature of Treaties and the treaty relationship.
It will be told over a series of four books. Each one building on the events of the last and weaving together the perspectives of key characters along the way.
This book is the first one. It's called, The Fortune Teller's Daughter.
It'll be available on January 21, 2017! Here's the synopsis:
Cora Solomon is a skeptic. She doesn't believe in magic. She doesn't believe in fate. And she most certainly doesn't believe that her mother can divine the future from a cup of tea leaves. In fact—Cora has spent her entire life wishing her mother had a normal job.
But when her mother goes missing and the police are unable to uncover anything about her disappearance, Cora turns to the methods she once shunned to learn the truth about what happened to her mother and why. And there is certainly much to discover.
Before long, Cora is drawn deeper into the world of seers, myth and magic where she encounters strange lights, dangerous serpents and powerful beings she thought only existed in stories. Most importantly, she discovers that her mother has been keeping secrets from her—secrets that will change her life forever.
And here is the cover!!! It was designed by James T. Egan of Bookfly Design.
Once again, this book will be available on January 21, 2017. You can pre-order it here!


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DuBois Dynasty
Links, Tips & Info
Home ~ ~Back
I'm a novice at this, but according to my sister, the family expert on the subject, you should do your own research and get official documentation when available - undocumented genealogy is mythology! Do not rely on info obtained from the internet unless your research is done through official sites.
Be sure to evaluate the source of your information.
And remember, most everyone has two family names: your father's, but also your mother's. Don't feel you must restrict your research to just your paternal family tree.
And then there's Murphy's Law: The records you need for your family history were in the court house that burned. ~ The 4 vol., 4,800 pg. history of the county where your great-grandfather lived is not indexed. ~ When you find the obituary for your grandmother, her name is exchanged with her daughter's, the whereabouts of her sons is unknown, the date for her father's birth indicates he was younger than she was. ~ Brittle old newspapers with names, dates & places you need have fallen apart ~ Your grandmother's maiden name for which you've searched for years was on an old letter in a box in the attic all the time. ~ The public ceremony in which your distinguished ancestor participated when the platform collapsed turned out to be a hanging!
- Author Unknown
genealogy web sites I came across in the course of my
For beginner's info; forms, charts & supplies; surname search; languages & translation; vital records; city directories; adoption resources; Native American resources; Acadian, Cajun & Creole; France; European American Resources Worldwide; Ships & passenger lists; migration routes, roads & trails, Census related sites worldwide; Military resources worldwide; diaries & letters; and many more links -
For FREE Family Tree Software, visit -
To access the National Genealogical Society -
To research National Archives & Records Administration -
For GEDCOM viewers, html conversion & resources -
And when you hit that brickwall and all else fails -
Home ~ ~Back
This site copyright DuBois Dynasty © 2008, all rights reserved.U.S. Copyright Office http://www.lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/ border, buttons & graphic by http://www.rhio.gillis.net


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Child Labor and Forced Labor Reports
Moderate Advancement
In 2017, Ghana made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government secured at least five convictions for offenses related to the worst forms of child labor and launched the National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Human Trafficking in Ghana. The government began extending the Ghana School Feeding Program to include schools in refugee camps and ratified the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which obligates signatory countries to incorporate strategies to prevent the exposure of children to mercury in gold mining sites. However, children in Ghana continue to engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa harvesting as a result of human trafficking. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. The government also has not acceded to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited government social protection agencies' abilities to fully implement social programs during the reporting period.
Children in Ghana engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in fishing and cocoa harvesting as a result of human trafficking. (1; 2; 3; 4; 5) Table 1 provides key indicators on children's work and education in Ghana.
Table 1. Statistics on Children's Work and Education
Working (% and population)
5 to 14
24.7 (1,721,914)
Working Children by Sector
5 to 14
Attending School (%)
5 to 14
Combining Work and School (%)
7 to 14
Primary Completion Rate (%)
Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2017, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2018. (6)
Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.
Table 2. Overview of Children's Work by Sector and Activity
Producing cocoa, including land clearing, using machetes and cutlasses for weeding, collecting cocoa pods with a harvesting hook, breaking cocoa pods, working in the vicinity of pesticide spraying, and carrying heavy loads† of water (2; 5; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13)
Production of palm oil and cotton, including weeding, harvesting, and acting as scarecrows (10; 13)
Herding livestock, hunting, and work in slaughterhouses (14; 15; 13)
Fishing, including for tilapia; preparing bait, nets, and fishing gear; launching, paddling, and draining canoes; diving for fish; casting and pulling fishing nets and untangling them underwater; sorting, picking, cleaning, smoking, transporting, and selling fish; cleaning and repairing nets; and building and repairing boats (1; 2; 3; 9; 16; 17; 18; 11; 13)
Quarrying† and small-scale mining,† sometimes for gold, including using mercury, digging in deep pits, crushing rocks by hand, carrying heavy loads,† and machine operation† (2; 4; 10; 16; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 11)
Manufacturing and working in sawmills (4; 10)
Construction and bricklaying or carrying brick (14; 13; 13)
Domestic work (8; 16; 12; 13)
Transporting heavy loads as kayayes† (3; 16; 24; 25; 13)
Work in transportation, activities unknown (4)
Electronic waste and garbage scavenging, including sorting scavenged items and transporting items for sale (26; 27; 28; 29; 30)
Street work, including begging, small-scale vending, and work at restaurants or bars (4; 10; 31; 13)
Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡
Commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (15; 16; 32; 33; 12; 34)
Forced labor in begging; agriculture, including herding; fishing, including for tilapia; artisanal gold mining; domestic work; and street work, including vending and carrying heavy loads, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking (1; 3; 15; 17; 18; 35; 36; 37; 13)
Forced ritual servitude for girls known as trokosi, including in domestic work for priests (3; 16; 25; 32; 38; 34; 11; 37; 13)
† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
The majority of children subject to human trafficking are transported within Ghana for labor in cocoa, domestic work, commercial sexual exploitation, and fishing. Children as young as age 4 are subjected to forced labor in fishing in the areas around Lake Volta, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. (15; 18; 25; 32; 36; 37) Children also use sharp tools and are exposed to agro-chemicals while working in the cocoa sector. (5; 10)
According to the Constitution and the Education Act, primary education in Ghana is free and compulsory from kindergarten through junior high school. (39; 40) However, in practice, children must pay for school uniforms, fees, and materials, which may be prohibitive for many families. (1; 3; 8; 22; 26; 41; 42; 43; 34; 11) In addition, factors such as a shortage of classrooms, long distance to schools, absence of sanitation facilities, overcrowding in urban areas, sexual harassment of girls in schools, physical violence, verbal abuse, and poor educational infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, severely limit access to education for many children. (1; 8; 22; 41; 42; 11; 34; 13; 13) In response, the government has made efforts to increase the accessibility of public education, including by building schools to reduce the distance students must travel, provide school uniforms, lift birth registration requirements for enrollment, and extend free education through high school in 2017. (44; 42)
Ghana has ratified most key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).
Table 3. Ratification of International Conventions on Child Labor
ILO C. 138, Minimum Age
ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor
UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict
UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography
Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons
In 2017, Ghana also ratified the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which obligates signatory countries to incorporate strategies to prevent the exposure of children to mercury in gold mining sites. (45; 46) The Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations (MELR) also initiated the process to ratify the ILO's Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention. (47)
The government has established laws and regulations related to child labor (Table 4). However, gaps exist in Ghana's legal framework to adequately protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including prohibiting the use of children in commercial sexual exploitation.
Table 4. Laws and Regulations on Child Labor
Meets International Standards: Yes/No
Minimum Age for Work
Section 89 of the Children's Act (48)
Minimum Age for Hazardous Work
Section 91 of the Children's Act (48)
Identification of Hazardous Occupations or Activities Prohibited for Children
Articles 28.1d, 28.2, and 28.5 of the Constitution; Article 7 of the Labor Regulations Legislative Instrument; Sections 91 and 92 of the Children's Act; Article 58 of the Labor Act (39; 48; 49; 50)
Prohibition of Forced Labor
Articles 16.1 and 16.2 of the Constitution; Articles 116 and 117 of the Labor Act; Sections 1–3 and 42 of the Human Trafficking Act; Sections 1 and 2 of the Human Trafficking Prohibition Legislative Instrument (39; 49; 51; 52)
Prohibition of Child Trafficking
Sections 1 and 2 of the Human Trafficking Act; Sections 1 and 2 of the Human Trafficking Prohibition Legislative Instrument; Articles 21–25 of the Labor Regulations Legislative Instrument (50; 51; 52)
Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Sections 101A, 107–108, 110, 111, 274–277, and 279–283 of the Criminal Offenses Act; Article 7(2) of the Labor Regulations Legislative Instrument (50; 53)
Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities
Prohibition of Military Recruitment
State Compulsory
Ghana Armed Forces General Eligibility (Recruits) (54)
State Voluntary
Ghana Armed Forces General Eligibility (Recruits) (54)
Compulsory Education Age
Article 2.2 of the Education Act (40)
Free Public Education
Article 25.1.a of the Constitution; Articles 1.1, 1.2, and 2.2 of the Education Act (39; 40)
* No conscription (55)
Supplementary implementing regulations to the Labor Act, which were drafted in 2016 and include protections for domestic workers, were not issued in the reporting period. (56) Laws regarding the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are not comprehensive as they do not cover work in agriculture or lake fishing, two areas of work where there is evidence of children engaging in dangerous activities such as the use of sharp tools and working underwater. (57; 58; 12) Ghana has drafted two Hazardous Activities Frameworks which would consider such work hazardous, but neither has been adopted. (59; 56) In addition, Ghana's laws do not criminally prohibit the use of a child in pornographic performances. (60)
The government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor (Table 5). However, gaps exist within the authority of the M E LR that may hinder adequate enforcement of their child labor laws.
Table 5. Agencies Responsible for Child Labor Law Enforcement
Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations (MELR)
Enforce child labor laws. Through its District Assemblies, labor inspectors investigate child labor violations, educate employers on compliance with child labor laws, and conduct inspections. (1; 42; 44) In 2017, received a $113,225 earmark for 2018 to combat child labor. (47)
Ministry of the Interior (MOI)
Through its Ghana Police Service (GPS), investigate, arrest, and prosecute cases related to the worst forms of child labor and operate a 24/7 hotline for reporting crimes. (61) Within the GPS, the Domestic Violence and Victim Support Unit and Anti-Human Trafficking Unit (AHTU) investigate cases and provide support to victims. (3; 35; 44; 13) Through its Ghana Immigration Service (GIS), combat human trafficking through Anti-Human Smuggling and Trafficking Units. (62; 61; 63) In 2017, GIS spent $21,570 to support adult victim services, GPS allocated $1,762 to the Osu Shelter to support victims of child trafficking, and the AHTU expanded from 8 to 10 officers. (61; 63)
Ministry of Justice's Office of the Attorney General
Combat child labor by prosecuting child labor and child trafficking crimes. (44) Within the Economic and Organized Crime Office, the Human Trafficking Unit shares responsibility with the AHTU for combating human trafficking, confiscating proceeds from human trafficking, and providing ongoing training for law enforcement on prevention measures. (64; 65) Although the Human Trafficking Unit was not active in 2017, the Economic and Organized Crime Office continued to collaborate on investigations with GPS on cases of human trafficking. (61)
Minerals Commission
Inspect licensed mining sites and raise awareness of laws that apply to the mining sector with criminal law enforcement agencies. (22)
Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection (MOGCSP)
Combat child labor and lead government efforts to combat human trafficking. (61) Through its Department of Social Welfare (DSW), operate shelters for vulnerable children, administer juvenile justice, and implement programs to combat child labor. (64; 66; 67; 13) Through its Human Trafficking Secretariat, oversee the creation, implementation, and review of human trafficking policies and ensure proper monitoring, evaluation, and data collection. (61) In December 2017, MOGCSP established a new hotline to facilitate access to social services, including victims of human trafficking. The hotline received 30 calls between December 19 and 30 and referred one case of suspected human trafficking to the AHTU. (63)
Community Child Protection Committees (CCPCs)/District Child Protection Committees (DCPCs)
Receive complaints of child labor violations at the community and district levels, respectively, and report cases to the GPS, DSW, or traditional authorities, who work with the police to conduct investigations. (22; 68; 69) Participate in the Ghana Child Labor Monitoring System (GCLMS) to monitor, prevent, and withdraw children from the worst forms of child labor in more than 600 communities nationwide as part of the Child and Family Welfare Policy. (14; 31; 43) Many communities either had defunct CCPCs or lacked CCPCs, while some districts' DCPCs were inactive. (70)
Although the Attorney General's Department is responsible for prosecuting child trafficking violations, in practice it is often left to the prosecutors of the Ghana Police Service (GPS), who often have minimal formal legal training and whose actions are limited by procedural rules not applicable to state attorneys. (61)
Labor Law Enforcement
In 2017, labor law enforcement agencies in Ghana took actions to combat child labor (Table 6). However, gaps exist within the authority of the MELR that hinder adequate labor law enforcement, including the authority of labor inspectors to assess penalties.
Table 6. Labor Law Enforcement Efforts Related to Child Labor
Overview of Labor Law Enforcement
Labor Inspectorate Funding
Unknown* (68)
Unknown* (44)
Number of Labor Inspectors
105 (68)
105 (44)
Inspectorate Authorized to Assess Penalties
No (68)
No (44)
Training for Labor Inspectors
Initial Training for New Employees
Yes (68)
Yes (44)
Training on New Laws Related to Child Labor
Refresher Courses Provided
Unknown* (68)
No (44)
Number of Labor Inspections Conducted
200† (68)
312 (44)
Number Conducted at Worksites
200† (68)
312 (44)
Number of Child Labor Violations Found
0 (44)
Number Child Labor Violations for Which Penalties were Imposed
Number of Child Labor Penalties Imposed that were Collected
Routine Inspections Conducted
Yes (44)
Routine Inspections Targeted
No (44)
Unannounced Inspections Permitted
Yes (68)
Yes (44)
Unannounced Inspections Conducted
Unknown* (68)
Unknown* (44)
Complaint Mechanism Exists
Yes (68)
Yes (44)
Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Labor Authorities and Social Services
Yes (68)
Yes (44)
* The government does not publish this information.
The number of labor inspectors is likely insufficient for the size of Ghana's workforce, which includes almost 12 million workers. (71) According to the ILO's technical advice of a ratio approaching 1 inspector for every 15,000 workers in industrializing economies, Ghana should employ roughly 833 inspectors. (71; 72; 73) Inadequate resources, including funding, transportation, office space, and office supplies, hamper the labor inspectorate's capacity to enforce child labor laws, particularly in the informal sector in which child labor is most common. (22; 42; 44) In addition, the government did not provide data on the number of child labor violations identified as a result of calls made to the GPS's 24/7 hotline. Formal referral mechanisms continued to be hindered by lack of shelter space and transportation for victims. (44)
Criminal Law Enforcement
In 2017, criminal law enforcement agencies in Ghana took actions to combat child labor (Table 7). However, gaps exist within the operations of the criminal enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate criminal law enforcement, including financial resource allocation and training for criminal investigators.
Table 7. Criminal Law Enforcement Efforts Related to Child Labor
Overview of Criminal Law Enforcement
Training for Investigators
Initial Training for New Employees
Yes (64)
Yes (37; 61)
Training on New Laws Related to the Worst Forms of Child Labor
Refresher Courses Provided
Yes (68; 64)
Yes (74; 61)
Number of Investigations
196 (63)
Number of Violations Found
84 (75)
217 (63)
Number of Prosecutions Initiated
6 (68; 76)
14 (77; 78; 79)
Number of Convictions
1 (80)
5 (44; 77; 78)
Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Criminal Authorities and Social Services
Yes (68)
Yes (44)
In 2017, two adults were convicted of child trafficking and sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment; another two adults were sentenced to 1 year's imprisonment for child trafficking, and a fifth adult was fined $122 for the suspected use of exploitative child labor in violation of the Immigration Act. (44; 77; 78) Members of parliament have attempted to discourage investigations or prosecutions and high staff turnover is a challenge, limiting the government's ability to investigate and prosecute these offenses. (81; 37; 44; 42; 61; 63)
Furthermore, criminal enforcement agencies continued to note that poor interagency coordination, and insufficient resources for transportation and victim support resulted in under-reporting of cases and hampered enforcement efforts. (35; 11; 37; 32; 61; 63) In addition, coordination among government officials on human trafficking issues was uneven in different parts of the country. The government relies heavily on NGOs to identify cases of child trafficking, and cooperation improved during the year. (81; 61; 70) The GPS hired 313 police recruits and trained an additional 54 cadet officers on human trafficking issues. (63)
The government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor (Table 8). However, gaps exist that hinder the effective coordination of efforts to address child labor, including interagency coordination and cooperation with NGOs.
Table 8. Key Mechanisms to Coordinate Government Efforts on Child Labor
Coordinating Body
Role and Description
National Steering Committee on Child Labor (NSCCL)
Coordinate government efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor, and oversee implementation of the National Plan of Action Phase II on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (NPA2), which includes implementation of the GCLMS—a monitoring, data collection, and referral mechanism. (82; 44; 83; 61) Led by the MELR's Child Labor Unit (CLU) and includes representatives from other ministries, employers' and workers' organizations, and civil society. (1; 82; 84; 44; 47) In 2017, conducted monitoring exercises in seven districts, including three cocoa-growing areas, to evaluate the effectiveness of child labor interventions. (83; 63)
Inter-Ministerial Committee to Combat Human Trafficking*
Aims to prevent Ghanaian migrants from becoming victims of human trafficking. Met twice in 2017, including with Ambassadors to destination countries in the Middle East, and MELR subsequently prohibited labor migration to these countries for domestic work to combat human trafficking. (63)
MELR's Child Labor Unit (CLU)
Facilitate the development of policies and laws to combat child labor, coordinate interventions to combat child labor, and oversee child protection committees at the district level. (2; 3; 22; 42; 82; 69) Provide technical support to ministries, departments and agencies, employers' and workers' organizations, and international agencies such as the ILO, IOM, and UNICEF. (1; 44) In 2017, organized a National Day Against Child Labor event, continued developing the NPA2, and contributed to the development of the National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Human Trafficking in Ghana (NPA). (70)
* Mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor was created during the reporting period.
The Human Trafficking Management Board, which coordinates government policy on human trafficking, was dissolved before the inauguration of President Nana Akufo-Addo in January 2017, and was not reconstituted during the reporting period. (44) Although the CLU was active during the reporting period, it was underfunded and therefore unable to implement all activities as planned. (70)
The government has established policies related to child labor (Table 9). However, policy gaps exist that hinder efforts to address child labor, including mainstreaming child labor issues into relevant policies.
Table 9. Key Policies Related to Child Labor
National Plan of Action Phase II on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Against Child Labor (NPA2) (2017–2020)†
Aims to address gaps identified in the first NPA (2009–2015), improve coordination, and reduce the worst forms of child labor to 10 percent by 2020, with a focus on the fishing, mining, and cocoa sectors. (10; 83; 47) In 2017, signed MOUs with relevant ministries and requested cabinet approval for the Hazardous Child Labor Activity Frameworks drafted in 2008 and 2012. (44; 85; 47; 70)
National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Human Trafficking in Ghana (NPA) (2017–2021)†
Aims to improve data collection, enhance victim protection, increase accountability for perpetrators, and emphasize prevention and outreach, including an expansion of the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) Program. (86) In 2017, disseminated NPA through a workshop with stakeholders and requested all relevant ministries incorporate the NPA in their 2018 budgets. (87; 44)
Hazardous Child Labor Activity Frameworks
Includes the Hazardous Child Labor Activity Framework and the Hazardous Child Labor Activity Framework for the Cocoa Sector. Both frameworks were developed in consultation with workers' and employers' organizations and identify hazardous activities that should be prohibited for children and are awaiting cabinet approval before implementation. (88; 89; 90)
2010 Declaration of Joint Action to Support the Implementation of the Harkin-Engel Protocol (2010 Declaration) and Its Accompanying Framework of Action
Joint declaration by the Governments of Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, and the United States, and the International Cocoa and Chocolate Industry. (91; 92; 93) Provides resources and coordinates with key stakeholders on efforts to reduce the worst forms of child labor in cocoa-producing areas. (91; 92) Ensures that all project efforts implemented under the Declaration and Framework align with Ghana's national action plans to promote coherence and sustainability. (91; 92; 93) USDOL-funded projects and some industry-funded projects carried out activities in support of this policy during the reporting period. (93)
Bi-Lateral Commitments to Combat Cross-Border Trafficking
Joint declaration signed by the First Ladies of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana to combat the worst forms of child labor and advocate for sub-regional cooperation with other First Ladies. (94) A subsequent cooperative agreement between the two governments further operationalizes the declaration, which targets high-risk sectors, provides protection to victims, improves coordination, and prosecutes offenders. (95; 96) An MOU with the Government of Jordan formalizes labor recruitment practices and provides for support and repatriation of Ghanaian victims of human trafficking in Jordan. (64)
Minerals and Mining Policy of Ghana
Prohibits child labor in mining and stipulates children who visit mining sites must be supervised. (97)
Strategy on Anti-Child Labor and Trafficking in Fisheries
Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development policy that aims to significantly reduce the incidence of child labor in fisheries by improving child protection systems and increasing prosecution of offenders. (98)
† Policy was approved during the reporting period.
In 2017, the First Lady of Ghana traveled to Côte d'Ivoire to attend a Conference of First Ladies where attendees signed the Declaration of First Ladies of West Africa and the Sahel pledging to support their governments' efforts to prevent child labor, support victims, enhance regional cooperation, and mobilize resources. (100; 101) However, the National Migration Policy and Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education (F-CUBE) do not include child labor elimination and prevention strategies. (36; 102)
In 2017, the government funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor (Table 10). However, gaps exist in these social programs, including funding and adequacy of programs to address the problem in all sectors.
Table 10. Key Social Programs to Address Child Labor‡
USDOL-Funded Projects
USDOL projects that aim to eliminate child labor. These projects include: Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana (2017 –2021),* a $2 million project implemented by Verité; Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana (2015–2019), $3 million project implemented by NORC at the University of Chicago; Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting Opportunities for Youth in Ghana's Cocoa-Growing Communities (MOCA) (2015–2019), $4.5 million project implemented by Winrock International; CARING Gold Mining Project (ASGM), $5 million project implemented by the ILO in Ghana and the Philippines; and the Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues (GAP), a research project implemented by the ILO in 10 countries. Some projects may be in support of the 2010 Declaration to combat child labor in the cocoa sector. (103; 104; 105; 106) Additional information is available on the USDOL website.
U.S. Government-Funded Projects
USG-funded projects aim to improve child protection measures in partnership with the host government. Includes Child Protection Compact Partnership (CPC) (2015–2020), $5 million USDOS-funded project implemented by IOM and local NGO Free the Slaves; Accelerating Care Reform (2016 –2020), $8 million USAID- project implemented by the DSW and UNICEF to strengthen the social welfare system; LEAP 1000 (2014 –2019), $12 million USAID-project implemented by UNICEF to strengthen the existing LEAP program and fund cash transfers to 6,200 poor households; Sustainable Fisheries Management Project (2014–2019), $24 million USAID-funded project implemented by CRC/URI which includes activities aimed at reducing child labor in the fishing sector; the Complementary Basic Education Program, a $40 million joint contribution between USAID and the UK's Department for International Development to support Ghana's Ministry of Education' efforts to educate and re-integrate out-of-school children into the basic school system; and the USAID-UNICEF $37 million jointly funded Learning Support program, which helps increase inclusive education services for special needs children in primary schools. (107; 108; 109; 110; 111; 112) In 2017, the CPC collaborated with IOM to develop a database on human trafficking (TIPIS), finalized and disseminated Standard Operating Procedures to Combat Human Trafficking in Ghana with an Emphasis on Child Trafficking, and provided the AHTU with six vehicles and operational equipment to facilitate its ability to combat child trafficking. (113; 114; 61; 63) The CPC also trained 13 judges and 541 law enforcement officials and social workers on identifying victims of human trafficking, data collection, using TIPIS, and victim care. (63)
Industry-Funded Projects
Industry-funded projects aim to increase sustainability in the cocoa sector, improve farmer livelihoods, improve access to education, and combat the worst forms of child labor in cocoa-growing areas. Some projects may be in support of the World Cocoa Foundation's CocoaAction (2014–2020) initiative and the spirit of the 2010 Declaration. (93; 115; 116)
Awareness Raising Activities†
Large-scale events by MOGCSP, AHTU, MOI, and MELR to raise awareness of child trafficking issues through radio and television broadcasts, public events, and community activities. (117; 63) In 2017, in support of the NPA, activities included implementing a nationwide awareness campaign, commemorating World Day Against Trafficking in Persons with events in the capital and six regions, providing training to over 100 journalists on human trafficking and investagative journalism, and partnering with a local NGO to raise awareness about human trafficking among traditional leaders. (61; 63)
Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP)†
MOGCSP-administered conditional cash transfer program that provides monetary support to poor households with orphans and vulnerable children on the condition that these children attend school, receive vaccinations, and regularly visit health care facilities. (22; 118; 119; 120) Serves over 213,000 households throughout the country. (120)
Educational Programs†
The Ghana Cocoa Board's Child Education Support Program rehabilitates and builds schools in cocoa-growing areas. (121; 122) Ministry of Education-funded programs under the Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education (F-CUBE) aim to increase school attendance and enrollment. (102; 123) Includes the MOGCSP's Ghana School Feeding Program, which aims to reduce malnutrition and improve attendance among students; the Capitation Grant Scheme, which helps defray the cost of basic education for students in public primary schools; and the Ghana Education Service—Girls' Education Unit, which places girls' education officers at the regional and district levels, and mobilizes communities to enroll more girls in school. (1; 119; 124; 123; 120) Includes the distribution of 400,000–500,000 free school uniforms and exercise books to districts with poor enrollment rates. (125; 119; 124) In 2017, the Ghana School Feeding Program began including schools in refugee camps, and the government extended free education to senior high schools with plans to extend the policy to other grades in the future. (34; 123)
MOGCSP Programs†
Includes programs to support vulnerable children. Its Program to Assist Kayayes provides rehabilitation and reintegration support; the Off the Street Project aims to remove children from the street and reintegrate them into family and educational settings; the Human Trafficking Fund provides financial support to victims. (67; 63) In 2017, assigned two government officials to a privately-run shelter for victim support, allocated $5,112 for shelter operations and victim care at three privately run shelters, allocated $1,176 for the state-run shelter, and allocated additional limited support to rehabilitate parts of a state-run shelter for child trafficking victims through an MOU with the Ministry of Finance. (126; 114; 61; 63) MOGCSP received $110,132 for the Human Trafficking Fund. (61)
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development program, supported by UNICEF and Tigo, to transition from a manual birth registration process to automated birth registration. (127; 128)
* Program was launched during the reporting period.
Although the MELR continues to hold high-level discussions to re-establish the National Program for the Elimination of Child Labor in Cocoa (NPECLC), no funds have been allocated to NPECLC for implementation. (44) The CLU, the GPS's Anti-Human Trafficking Unit (AHTU), Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MOGCSP), and local NGOs cite the lack of funding as one of the primary obstacles in implementing programs to address child labor. (44; 85; 63) In addition, government-run shelters for child victims are poorly managed and did not receive sufficient funding during the reporting period. Furthermore, a Department of Social Welfare (DSW)-operated shelter for child trafficking victims and victims of other forms of abuse in Accra shares its space with a detention center for juvenile offenders, which presents safety concerns for victims. (3; 37; 85; 61)
Although the government has worked closely with industry, NGOs, and international organizations to implement child labor programs in cocoa, fishing, and mining, the magnitude of these programs remains insufficient to address the scope of the problem. (55)
Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor in Ghana (Table 11).
Table 11. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor
Suggested Action
Year(s) Suggested
Legal Framework
Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography.
2013 – 2017
Ensure that laws criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including by prohibiting the use of a child in pornographic performances.
2009 – 2017
Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in all illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs.
2016 – 2017
Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups.
2015 – 2017
Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive.
2014 – 2017
Ensure prosecutors who have received sufficient legal training oversee and lead the prosecution of cases of the worst forms of child labor, that government officials do not intervene in criminal investigations, and that these cases are prosecuted according to the law.
2015 – 2017
Publish information on the amount of funding allocated to the Labor Inspectorate and ensure inspectorates have adequate resources, including office space, transportation, and supplies to effectively carry out their mandate throughout the country.
2009 – 2017
Strengthen the Labor Inspectorate by ensuring inspectors conduct targeted routine and unannounced inspections, and are authorized to assess penalties for labor violations.
2014 – 2017
Ensure that labor inspectors receive periodic refresher training.
2013 – 2017
Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors and investigators responsible for enforcing labor laws in accordance with the ILO's technical advice.
2010 – 2017
Establish a mechanism to log all calls to the GPS hotline and track cases of child labor for referral to law enforcement or social services providers.
2014 – 2017
Ensure that criminal enforcement agencies coordinate effectively and receive adequate resources for transportation and victim support.
2015 – 2017
Ensure that all coordinating bodies are fully funded and able to fulfill their respective coordinating roles.
2013 – 2017
Government Policies
Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing policies.
2013 – 2017
Social Programs
Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees, increasing the number of classrooms, improving access to schools, providing sanitation facilities, and prohibiting sexual harassment in schools.
2010 – 2017
Ensure that social programs receive sufficient funding to carry out their objectives.
2014 – 2017
Expand the availability of government-supported shelter services for child victims and ensure victims are not housed in the same facilities as juvenile offenders.
2016 – 2017
Create, replicate, and expand effective models for addressing exploitative child labor.
2009 – 2017
1. ILO-IPEC. Analytical Study on Child Labour in Lake Volta Fishing in Ghana. Geneva. 2013. [Source on file].
2. UN Human Rights Council. Report of the Working Group on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises: 2014. May 6, 2014: A/HRC/26/25/Add.5. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session26/Documents/A_HRC_26_25_Add.5_ENG.DOC.
3. —. Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences. Gulnara Shahinian. October 1, 2014: A/HRC/27/53/Add.3. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session27/Documents/A-HRC-27-53-Add3_en.doc.
4. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6 (GLSS6) Main Report. Accra. August 2014. http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/glss6/GLSS6_Main%20Report.pdf.
5. Tulane University. Final Report: 2013/14 Survey Research on Child Labor in West African Cocoa-Growing Areas. New Orleans: Payson Center for International Development and Technology Transfer. July 30, 2015. http://www.childlaborcocoa.org/index.php/2013-14-final-report.
6. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, both sexes (%). Accessed March 3, 2018. http://data.uis.unesco.org/. For more information, please see "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" in the Reference Materials section of this report.
7. UCW. Analysis of Child Economic Activity and School Attendance Statistics from National Household or Child Labor Surveys. Original data from Living Standard Survey Round 6, 2012-2013. Analysis received January 12, 2018. Please see "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" in the Reference Materials section of this report.
8. —. Child Labour and the Youth Decent Work Deficit in Ghana. Inter-Agency Country Report. Rome: International Labour Organization (ILO), and Centre for Economic and International Studies (CEIS). February 2016. http://www.ucw-project.org/attachment/13052016890Ghan_child_labour_youth_employment_report.pdf.
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10. Government of the Republic of Ghana. National Plan of Action Phase II (NPA2) for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana (2016 – 2020): Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.7. Accra. 2016. [Source on file].
11. UN Human Rights Council. Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Ghana - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. August 8, 2017: A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/3. http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/3&Lang=E.
12. Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations, and COCOBOD. National Programme on the Elimination the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Cocoa (NPECLC), 2017 – 2020. March 2017. [Source on file].
13. UNICEF Ghana. Child Protection Baseline Research. 2014. https://www.unicef.org/ghana/protection_11979.html.
14. U.S. Embassy- Accra official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. February 22, 2016.
15. Nordic Consulting Group A/S, and JMK Consulting Ltd. "Growing Up Free" Baseline Report. February 14, 2017. [Source on file].
16. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Concluding observations on the combined third to fifth periodic reports of Ghana. Geneva. June 9, 2015: CRC/C/GHA/CO/3-5. http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CRC/Shared%20Documents/GHA/INT_CRC_COC_GHA_20799_E.pdf.
17. USAID. Sustainable Fisheries Management Project (SFMP) Ghana Fisheries Gender Analysis. Narragansett, RI: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island. June 2015. http://www.crc.uri.edu/download/GEN001_SFMPGenderAnalysisRpt_FINAL_508.pdf.
18. Adeyemi, Adebayo, et al. Child Trafficking into Forced Labor on Lake Volta, Ghana: A Mixed-Methods Assessment. Washington, DC: International Justice Mission. May 2016. http://www.ijm.org/sites/default/files/resources/ijm-ghana-report.pdf.
19. ILO-IPEC. Analytical Studies on Child Labour in Mining and Quarrying in Ghana. Geneva. 2013. [Source on file].
20. Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch submission to the Committee on the Rights of the Child for the pre-session of Ghana. July 2014. http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CRC/Shared%20Documents/GHA/INT_CRC_NGO_GHA_17937_E.pdf.
21. Free the Slaves. Child Rights in Mining Pilot Project Results & Lessons Learned. Obuasi, Ghana. March 2014. https://www.freetheslaves.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ChildRightsinMiningPilotProjectOverview.pdf.
22. Human Rights Watch. Precious Metal, Cheap Labor: Child labor and corporate responsibility in Ghana's artisanal gold mines. New York. June 10, 2015. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/ghana0515_forinsertltr2_0.pdf.
23. Social Support Foundation. Galamsey Mining – Case Study. SSFGhana.org. 2015. http://www.ssfghana.org/galamsey-mining-case-study/.
24. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Ghana; National stakeholders conference on child protection held in Accra. allafrica.com. February 9, 2015: Press Release. [Source on file].
25. ECPAT International. The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Africa: Developments, progress, challenges and recommended strategies. Bangkok. November 2014. http://www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/legacy/Regional%20CSEC%20Overview_Africa.pdf.
26. Yeebo, Yepoka. Inside a Massive Electronics Graveyard. The Atlantic. December 29, 2014. http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/12/inside-a-massive-electronics-graveyard/383922/?single_page=true.
27. McConnell, Andrew. Rubbish Dump 2.0. AndrewMcConnell.Photoshelter.com. Accessed November 19, 2015. http://andrewmcconnell.photoshelter.com/gallery-image/Rubbish-Dump-2-0/G0000oLuiBLHIsmM/I0000XOQfQxbyCWA.
28. All Things Considered. A Shadow Economy Lurks In An Electonics Graveyard [audio]. Washington, DC: NPR. January 4, 2015. http://www.npr.org/2015/01/04/374780916/a-shadow-economy-lurks-in-an-electronics-graveyard.
29. Hirsch, Afua. 'This is not a good place to live': inside Ghana's dump for electronic waste. The Guardian. December 14, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/14/ghana-dump-electronic-waste-not-good-place-live.
30. Kirkpatrick, Nick. Making a living in the toxic world of discarded electronics. Washington Post. April 15, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-sight/wp/2015/04/15/the-children-who-make-a-living-in-the-toxic-world-of-discarded-electronics/.
31. Sore, Albert, and Hashmin Mohammed. Child Labour rampant in Ghana despite strict laws against it. Joy News. September 24, 2015. http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2015/September-24th/child-labour-rampant-in-ghana-despite-strict-laws-against-it.php.
32. Hawke, Angela, and Alison Raphael. Global Study on Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism. Bangkok: ECPAT International. May 2016. http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/global-report-offenders-move-final.pdf.
33. ECPAT International, and Coalition on the Rights of the Child (GNCRC). Global Study on Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism. Country-Specific Report: Ghana. June 2015. http://www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/3.-SECTT-GHANA.pdf.
34. UN Human Rights Council. Compilation on Ghana - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. August 28, 2017: A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/2. http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/2&Lang=E.
35. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Child and Family Welfare Policy. Accra: Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection. February 2015. https://new-ndpc-static.s3.amazonaws.com/CACHES/PUBLICATIONS/2015/08/23/CFWelfarePolicy+Summary.pdf.
36. Ministry of the Interior. National Migration Policy for Ghana. Accra. April 2016. http://migratingoutofpoverty.dfid.gov.uk/files/file.php?name=national-migration-policy-for-ghana.pdf&site=354.
37. U.S. Department of State. Trafficking in Persons Report- 2017: Ghana. Washington, DC. June 27, 2017. https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271194.htm.
38. ILO Committee of Experts. Observation concerning Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention (No. 182) Ghana (ratification: 2000) Published: 2016. Accessed October 31, 2016. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:3242593.
39. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Constitution of the Republic of Ghana. Enacted: 1992. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/constitution.php.
40. —. The Education Act, Act 778. Enacted: 2008. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/MONOGRAPH/83622/92463/F2061259086/GHA83622.pdf.
41. —. Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS6) Child Labour Report. Accra. August 26, 2014. [Source on file].
42. U.S. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices- 2016: Ghana. Washington, DC. March 3, 2017. https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/265472.pdf.
43. Gyebi, Edmond. Ghana; School girls sell bodies for phones. allafrica.com. January 23, 2015. [Source on file].
44. U.S. Embassy- Accra. Reporting, January 29, 2018.
45. United Nations Environment Programme. Minamata Convention on Mercury. September 2017. http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Portals/11/documents/Booklets/COP1%20version/Minamata-Convention-booklet-eng-full.pdf.
46. —. STATUS OF SIGNATURE, AND RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL OR ACCESSION. September 24, 2017. http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Countries/tabid/3428/language/en-US/Default.aspx.
47. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Minutes of the Fourth Quarter Meeting of the National Steering Committee on Child Labour (NSCCL) on Friday 8th December, 2017 at the Conference Room of the Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations (MELR), Accra. December 8, 2017. [Source on file].
48. —. The Children's Act, Act 560. Enacted: September 24, 1998. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/56216/65194/E98GHA01.htm.
49. —. Labour Act of 2003, Act 651. Enacted: March 31, 2004. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/66955/63431/F1429852156/GHA66955.pdf.
50. —. Labour Regulations Arrangement Of Regulations, L.I. 1833. Enacted: 2007. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1198/Labour%20Regulations%202007.pdf.
51. —. Human Trafficking Act, Act 694. Enacted: December 5, 2005. [Source on file].
52. —. Human Trafficking Prohibition (Protection and Reintegration of Trafficked Persons Regulations), L.I. 2219. Enacted: June 22, 2015. [Source on file].
53. —. Criminal Offenses (Amendment) Act, Act 849. Enacted: June 27, 2012. http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44bf823a4.pdf.
54. Ghana Armed Forces. General Eligibility (Recruits). Accessed May 4, 2018. http://gafrecruitment.com.gh/general-eligibilityrecruits/index.html.
55. U.S. Embassy- Accra. Reporting, January 15, 2016.
56. —. Reporting, January 29, 2018.
57. Government of the Republic of Ghana. The Children's Act, Act 560. Enacted: September 24, 1998. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/56216/65194/E98GHA01.htm.
58. —. Labour Regulations Arrangement Of Regulations, L.I. 1833. Enacted: 2007. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1198/Labour%20Regulations%202007.pdf.
59. ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request Concerning Minimum Age Convention, (No. 138) Ghana (ratification: 2011) Published: 2016. Accessed October 31, 2016. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:3242590.
60. —. Individual Direct Request Concerning Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention, (No. 182) Ghana (ratification: 2000) Publication: 2016. Accessed October 31, 2016. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:3247758.
61. U.S. Embassy- Accra. Reporting, February 13, 2018.
62. Mensah, Mary. Human trafficking, child labor abuses. Worst form of human rights violation - Mrs. Mahama. Graphic.com. September 14, 2016. http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/human-trafficking-child-labour-abuses-worst-form-of-human-rights-violation-mrs-mahama.html.
63. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report on Ghana - 2017 Responses. Accra. January 2018. [Source on file].
64. U.S. Embassy- Accra. Reporting, February 14, 2017.
65. —. Reporting, February 1, 2016.
66. Handa, Sudhanshu, et al. Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty Program Impact Evaluation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, University of Ghana, and Food and Agriculture Organization. October 2013. http://www.unicef.org/ghana/gh_resources_LEAP_Quant_impact_evaluation_FINAL_OCT_2013.pdf.
67. Ghana News Agency. Department of Social Welfare changes name. October 26, 2015. http://www.ghananewsagency.org/social/department-of-social-welfare-changes-name--96242.
68. U.S. Embassy- Accra. Reporting, January 24, 2017.
69. Government of the Republic of Ghana, Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations. Pilot Report on Ghana Child Labor Monitoring System (GCLMS). Accra. July 2013. [Source on file].
70. U.S. Embassy- Accra official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. May 16, 2018.
71. CIA. The World Factbook. Accesed January 19, 2018. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2095rank.html. Please see "Labor Law Enforcement: Sources and Definitions" in the Reference Materials section of this report.
72. ILO. Strategies and Practice for Labour Inspection. Geneva: Committee on Employment and Social Policy. November 2006. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb297/pdf/esp-3.pdf. Please see "Labor Law Enforcement: Sources and Definitions" in the Reference Materials section of this report.
73. UN. World Economic Situation and Prospects 2017 Statistical Annex. New York. 2017. http://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/2017wesp_full_en.pdf. Please see "Labor Law Enforcement: Sources and Definitions" in the Reference Materials section of this report.
74. EIN News. USAID Mission Director Reiterates Support for Fighting Traffcking in Persons. February 2, 2017. http://www.einnews.com/pr_news/364625201/usaid-mission-director-reiterates-support-for-fighting-trafficking-in-persons.
75. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Ghana Immigration Service Anti-Human Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons Unit (AHSTIP) Reporting Template. Accra. 2017. [Source on file].
76. Naatogmah, Abdul Karim. 41 children rescued from traffickers in N/Region. February 19, 2016. http://citifmonline.com/2016/02/19/41-children-rescued-from-traffickers-in-nregion/.
77. Danso, Joyce. Two jailed 10 years for human trafficking. Ghana News Agency. January 12, 2017. http://www.ghananewsagency.org/human-interest/two-jailed-10-years-over-for-human-trafficking-112215.
78. Government of the Republic of Ghana. In the District Magistrate Court Held at Dam Bai in the Volta Region: The Republic vs. Mawuli Nyajor and Lydia Dotse (Court Case N. 01/07/2018). November 10, 2017. [Source on file].
79. Taylor, Mildred Europa. 60-year-old 'child trafficker' arrested. July 6, 2017. http://www.pulse.com.gh/news/volta-region-60-year-old-child-trafficker-arrested-id6952440.html.
80. Government of the Republic of Ghana. In the Circuit Court at Ho: The Republic vs. Nanor Yaw Tseko (Court Case N. 021/40/2016). Accra. April 15, 2016. [Source on file].
81. U.S. Embassy- Accra. Reporting, July 5, 2017.
82. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Ghana Child Labour Monitoring System (GCLMS). Accra: Ministry Of Employment And Social Welfare. September 2010. http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/ghana/ghana_labour_2010_en.pdf.
83. —. Report on its Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour in 2017. March 2018. [Source on file].
84. Government of the Republic of Ghana, Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare. Institutional and Management Framework for the National Child Labour Elimination Programme: The National Steering Committee on Child Labour- Terms of Reference. Accra. 2010. [Source on file].
85. U.S. Embassy- Accra. Reporting, August 22, 2017.
86. Government of the Republic of Ghana. National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Human Trafficking in Ghana (2017 – 2021). 2016. [Source on file].
87. Addo, Christabel and Godfred Ansah. Gender Ministry disseminates National Plan of Action for Human Trafficking. Ghana News Agency. July 19, 2017. http://www.ghananewsagency.org/social/gender-ministry-disseminates-national-plan-of-action-for-human-trafficking-119792.
88. ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Minimum Age Convention, (No. 138) Ghana (ratification: 2011) Published: 2016. Accessed October 31, 2016. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:3242590.
89. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Hazardous Child Labour Activity Framework for the Cocoa Sector. Enacted: June 2008. [Source on file].
90. —. Hazardous Child Labour Activity Framework for Ghana (HAF). Enacted: 2012. [Source on file].
91. Senator Thomas Harkin, Congressman Eliot Engel, USDOL, Government of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, Government of the Republic of Ghana, and International Cocoa and Chocolate Industry. Framework of Action to Support Implementation of the Harkin-Engel Protocol. Abidjan. September 13, 2010. https://www.dol.gov/ilab/projects/summaries/CocoaFrameworkAction.pdf.
92. —. Declaration of Joint Action to Support Implementation of the Harkin-Engel Protocol. Abidjan. September 13, 2010. http://www.dol.gov/ilab/projects/summaries/GhanaSignedDeclaration.pdf.
93. Congressman Eliot Engel, USDOL, Government of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, Government of the Republic of Ghana, and the International Chocolate and Cocoa Industry. Child Labor Cocoa Coordinating Group (CLCCG) 2016 Annual Report. Washington, DC. 2017. https://www.dol.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ilab/CLCCG%202016%20Annual%20Report.pdf.
94. Government of the Republic of Ghana, and Government of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. Joint Declaration of the First Ladies of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire and the Republic of Ghana on the Fight Against Cross-Border Child Trafficking and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Enacted: September 13, 2016. [Source on file].
95. —. Cooperation Agreement to Combat Cross-Border Child Trafficking and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Enacted: November 3, 2016. [Source on file].
96. The Herald. Lordina and Dominique Ouattara Commit to Fight Against Child Labour. Ghana. September 16, 2016. [Source on file].
97. Government of the Republic of Ghana. Minerals and Mining Policy of Ghana. Enacted: February 2016. [Source on file].
98. Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development. Strategy on Anti-Child Labor and Trafficking in Fisheries. November 2016. [Source on file].
99. Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations. National Employment Policy. Accra. November 2014. http://www.melr.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/National-Employment-Policy-2015.pdf.
100. Conference of the First Ladies of West Africa and the Sahel on the Fight Against Child Trafficking Exploitation Child Labour and All Forms of Violence Against Children. Final Communique. October 18, 2017. [Source on file].
101. —. Declaration of the First Ladies of West Africa and the Sahel. October 18, 2017. [Source on file].
102. Government of the Republic of Ghana, Ministry of Education. Education Strategic Plan: 2003-2015. Accra. May 2003. Source on file.
103. NORC at the University of Chicago. Assessing Progress In Reducing Child Labor In Cocoa-Growing Areas Of Côte D'ivoire And Ghana. Washington, DC: USDOL. 2015: Project Document. http://www.dol.gov/ilab/projects/summaries/WestAfr_CocoaResearch.pdf.
104. Winrock International. Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting Opportunities for Youth in Ghana's Cocoa-Growing Communities (MOCA). Washington, DC. 2015: Project Document. http://www.dol.gov/ilab/projects/summaries/Ghana_MOCA.pdf.
105. ILO-IPEC. Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues. Geneva. October 2011: Project Summary. http://www.dol.gov/ilab/projects/summaries/GAP_FY11.pdf.
106. BanToxics. CARING Gold Mining Project: Convening Stakeholders to Develop and Implement Strategies to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM). Washington, DC. 2015: Project Document. https://www.dol.gov/ilab/projects/summaries/GlobalGoldMining_FY15.pdf.
107. Ghana News Agency. Ghana Signs Child Protection Compact With America. Accessed June 30, 2015. http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/1536-ghana-signs-child-protection-compact-with-america.
108. USAID. Sustainable Fisheries Management Project (SFMP). Washington, DC. October 2014: AID-641-A-15-00001. http://www.crc.uri.edu/download/GH14_SMFPbrief_final.pdf.
109. Okertchiri, Jamila Akweley. USAID Improves Child Literacy. ModernGhana.com. June 18, 2015. https://www.modernghana.com/news/624290/1/usaid-improves-child-literacy.html.
110. Ghana Web. DFID and USAID team up to support Ghana. June 11, 2015. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=361876#.
111. Ackon-Mensah, Joseph. US threatens to cut aid to Ghana over child labour menace. citifmonline. June 15, 2017. http://citifmonline.com/2017/06/15/us-threatens-to-cut-aid-to-ghana-over-child-labour-menace/.
112. de Groot, Richard. Ghana LEAP 1000 Impact Evaluation: Overview of Study Design. UNICEF. January 2016. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/851-ghana-leap-1000-impact-evaluation-overview-of-study-design.html.
113. IOM. Standard Operating Procedures to Combat Human Trafficking in Ghana with an Emphasis on Child Trafficking. 2017. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/sop_ghana_1.pdf.
114. U.S. Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. U.S. and Ghanaian Officials Mark Progress in Addressing Child Trafficking and Pledge Ongoing Commitment. October 25, 2017. https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/prsrl/275099.htm.
115. World Cocoa Foundation. Global Chocolate and Cocoa Companies Announce Unprecedented Sustainability Strategy in Ghana. Washington, DC: Press Release. 2014. http://www.worldcocoafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/FINAL-Press-Release-for-Ghana-CocoaAction-_05222014.pdf.
116. Nestlé Cocoa Plan. Tackling Child Labour: 2017 Report. 2018. https://www.nestle.com/asset-library/documents/creating-shared-value/responsible-sourcing/nestle-cocoa-plan-child-labour-2017-report.pdf.
117. Osei-Appiah, Ohenewaa. Ghana marks World Day Against Trafficking in Persons. July 14, 2017. http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-marks-world-day-against-trafficking-in-persons.html.
118. ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention, (No. 182) Ghana (ratification: 2000) Publication: 2016. Accessed October 31, 2016. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:3247758.
119. ILO Social Protection Department. Rationalizing social protection expenditure in Ghana. Geneva: International Labour Office. 2015. http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action?ressource.ressourceId=50738.
120. Hamel, Reid. A Role for Social Protection Investments to Support Food and Nutrition Security: Lessons from Ghana. February 2018. https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/180202_Hamel_SocialProtectionGhana_Web_0.pdf?AV58xvgLttDDMldG0HsKrOHwsbySCgU_.
121. The Herald. COCOBOD's Massive Interventions to Farmers Revealed. Ghana. October 10, 2016. [Source on file].
122. Ghana Cocoa Board. Our Corporate Social Responsibility. 2016. https://cocobod.gh/social_esponsibility.php.
123. UN Human Rights Council. National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 - Ghana. August 25, 2017: A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/1. http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/1&Lang=E.
124. Ministry of Education. Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) for 2016-2018: Programme Based Budget Estimates for 2016. Accra. February 1, 2016. https://www.mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/pbb-estimates/2016/2016-PBB-13-MoPw.pdf.
125. U.S. Embassy- Accra official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. February 17, 2017.
126. Sanah, Amadu Kamil. Gender Ministry supports trafficked children's shelters with GH₵27,800. December 29, 2017. http://www.ghananewsagency.org/social/gender-ministry-supports-trafficked-children-s-shelters-with-gh-27-800-126920.
127. Agency, Ghana News. New Automated Birth Registration System Launched. Ghana. May 7, 2016. http://citifmonline.com/2016/05/07/new-automated-birth-registration-system-launched/.
128. Appiah-Osei, Elsie. Birth and Death Registry launches mobile registration system. Ghana News Agency. May 6, 2016. http://www.ghananewsagency.org/social/birth-and-death-registry-launches-mobile-registration-system-103507.
129. IOM. IOM Ghana Holds Counter-Trafficking Workshops for Communities in Volta. November 10, 2017. http://www.iom.int/news/iom-ghana-holds-counter-trafficking-workshops-communities-volta-region.
130. Safo, Juliet Akyaa and Daniel Oduro-Mensah. Accra Diocese of Anglican Church organises workshop on child trafficking. July 24, 2017. http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/accra-diocese-of-anglican-church-organises-workshop-on-child-trafficking.html.


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Throw your hair up in a messy bun, add some oversized hoops and your are ready to slip into the easy breezy Celina Dress. Twirl around beneath the full harvest moon and star filled skies in this little rayon midi number. The deep sleeve insets and the deep v-neck reveal a little skin, creating the most flattering neckline. For a more polished vibe pair with a lacey bralette and a French silk bandana.
- Crinkle gauze midi dress
- Short ruffle sleeves
- Deep v-neck
- Deep armholes
- Model is wearing size Small
- Measurements: 15in bust, 21in waist, 53.5in length, 10in sleeve length
Cleobella's handmade process allows us the pleasure of personally working with local artisans and small factories, creating jobs and sustainable incomes around the world. We are committed to sustainable manufacturing practices and celebrate traditional craftsman techniques. Learn more about the Cleobella Philosophy.
We accept returns on all full-price orders within 14 days from the delivery date. All sale merchandise is final. Questions about an item or problem wiht your order? Checkout the Customer FAQ or Contact Us


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You've had the portrait taken. Now it's time to decide where to display it in your home. The biggest question is always what size should it be enlarged too? Too small and it won't have an impact, too large and it overpowers the room.
Consider where you will stand in relation to viewing your portrait. Hung in a hallway the image doesn't need to be as large because it will be viewed at a close distance. If it will hang over the fireplace, then the size may have to be much larger to fill the space appropriately.
I've an easy solution to this pondering. Send me a picture of the area you'd like to display the wall portrait and I'll provide the proper size for that space.
Where will you hang it?
Choose a location that doesn't get full sun.
Your portrait arrives with a special sealant to protect it from harmful UV rays.
A 20x16 is centered with 10x8's on the sides.
These canvas prints don't need frames.
Choose the Best Value Package to incorporate the wall portrait into your investment. This is really the minimum size that works in most homes. If the placement requires a larger wall portrait, then the credit will be applied to the next size up.
20 x 16
This is the right size that this image should be displayed in this space.
It is also at a good height to allow a chair, side table and lamp to be placed below it.
Too Small
24x16 is lost on a high ceiling wide wall.
Consider the height of the ceilings, how far away you'll be standing and the size of the furnishings within the space.
Also, from this far across the room, the faces in the portrait can not be enjoyed.
Just Right
40x30 fits well!
The faces can be seen clearly from across the room.
When you take the photo of the wall make sure to tape a sheet of paper where you expect to hang the portrait. With an 11" piece of paper the program can show the acurate size for the wall portrait.
Here a black mat is used to increase the overall print size. The portrait is 24x16, but the mat & frame creates a 32x24 wall portrait.


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The best effect may be achieved when using the preparation for 6-8 weeks, preferably during or immediately after a meal.
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Borage oil extracted from the seeds Boraginis Oleum, it is a source of fatty acid GLA (gamma-linolenic), and fatty acids from the Omega 6 (e.g.. Erucic, linoleic, stearic), anti-inflammatory properties. Positive effect on the circulatory system. It stabilizes blood cholesterol levels. Due to the improving condition of skin, hair and nails used in the cosmetic industry. Part of the preparations used in hyperlipidemia and nutrient concentrates available at www.muscle-zone.pl
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA - unsaturated fatty acid from the Omega 6 group, present in plant foods and is synthesized within the human body from linoleic acid. Participates in the synthesis of eicosanoids. Increases immunity. GLA deficiency impairs the skin, hair and nails condition. It is an additional component of supplements containing essential fatty acids (EFAs) complemented with vitamin E, which has antioxidant properties, available at www.muscle-zone.pl
Dosage: the proportions of the ratio between Omega 3 and Omega 6 in the ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 5 enables flexible dosing.
Linseed oil is a source of fatty acids belonging to the Omega-3 acid (α-linolenic acid [α-linolenic acid] ALA). It is a precursor to EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), the compounds which are the ingredients of both cells, as well as participating in the synthesis of other compounds, necessary for normal body activities (such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes). The metabolic processes reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood. A positive effect on thinking processes and the ability of cognition, allows for a higher concentration mostly of high-performance athletes. They support the burning of fat (lipolysis) and the formation of fat (lipogenesis), allowing for a higher silhouette aesthetic. Supplements and linseed oil alone are useful for supplementing the diet with bioactive components.
Dosage: the lack of a specific dose of the demand for linseed oil. The consumption should follow the manufacturer's specifications and needs of the body by their own discernment.
More: see Omega 3 acid
Alpha linoleic acid (ALA) is classified to the type of omega-3 fatty acids and belongs to essential, unsaturated fatty acids (EFAs) and to exogenous fats, which means that the organism is not able to produce them on its own.
According to the research, ALA may support the work of the pancreas and more precisely, it may influence insulin sensitivity, thanks to which the levels of insulin, inflammatory factors, triglycerides and free fatty acids in blood are lower. On the basis of this, we may also conclude that introducing linoleic acid to a diet will partially decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Thanks to its properties, ALA also demonstrates the activity of antioxidants, therefore it contributes to the elimination of the excess of free radicals from the organism and also, which is important in sports - it increases the amount of glycogen in the liver and muscles and it supports oxygen efficiency of muscles.
Introducing this fat to a diet will improve concentration and will increase resistance to stress. The improvement of skin appearance may also be noticed.
Fish oil is a source of long chain saturated fatty acids of the Omega-3 (EPA - eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA - docosahexaenoic acid), which are part of cell membranes and the precursor of eicosanoids, and an activator. When consuming acids Omega 3, it must be balanced with the Omega 6 (using in the range of from 1: 6 to 1: 1). Fats contained in fish oil help to reduce body fat, affect the oxygenation of the body, and the operation of systems: circulatory, respiratory, nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. Available in the form of mono-preparation supplement or as an ingredient of supplements in the category of "health and beauty".
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) – what is it?
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a long-chain, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. The chain of the fatty acid consists of 20 carbon molecules, and the first bound out of five double bounds is located at the third carbon from the omega end, which is characteristic for omega-3 acids. It is present in large quantities in fish oils, where it is accompanied by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
EPA is a precursor to prostaglandins and other eicosanoids, which contributes to the reduction in inflammations. It is involved in inhibition of platelets aggregation. It contributes also to the reduction in triglycerides level in blood. EPA block the activity of an enzyme, phospholipase A2, present on cell membranes, which under the influence of stressors can release polyunsaturated fatty acid (from the group of eicosanoids) into the glycerol skeleton. To some extent, EPA can be also converted into 22-carbon DHA. The both acids have positive impact on the condition of the nervous system and cardiovascular health.
Eicosapentaenoic acid contained in dietary supplements with omega-3, which are available in the offer of muscle-zone.pl
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) - acid of omega-3 family, unsaturated fatty acids with the last double bond in the chain located on the third carbon atom from the end. Synthesized in the human body to eicosapentaenoic acid, or retrieved from foods of marine origin (fish, particularly salmon). In the medicine it is indicated for the treatment of depression, Alzheimer's ADHD. There has been its positive impact on the insulin metabolism noted as well as on endocrine and cardiovascular systems. When used in appropriate doses, it has a beneficial effect on the composition and appearance of the body. In the the supplementation it is part of formulas containing fish oil, which fill in the gaps of unsaturated fatty acids Omega 3, recommended for people with different physical activity.
Dosage: 200-2000 mg per day
Conjugated linoleic acid CLA (cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic), - unsaturated fatty acid, an omega 6, which isomer of linoleic acid. The source of acquiring CLA is animal origin food (beef and high-fat milk products - including butter). Despite the incomplete research on its action in the human body, it is assumed that it has the antidiabetic, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effect. It speeds up the metabolic rate and reduces the activity of digestive enzymes and is used in weight loss diets that help shape the silhouette. Supplements containing CLA (or CLA mono-supplement) are recommended for people with different physical activity (from strength sports, to the low physical activity) for reduction of body fat and to improve body weight.
Dosage: 3-6 grams per day in divided doses with meals.
Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat soluble. Due to its antioxidant action, it is a protection of other vitamins (e.g. Vitamins A). Protects the body against free radicals, strengthens the walls of blood vessels and its capacity, causing their dilation and dissolution of blood clots. With the reduction of coagulation, it is used as an antiatherogenic medicine, it allows for the proper course of pregnancy. In cooperation with selenium it slows the ageing process of cells, strengthening connective tissue. In the food it is present in whole-grain bread, sprout and grains, vegetable oils (soybean, sunflower), soya beans and sunflower seeds, vegetable fat and hen egg yolks. Also it is used in sports medicine in the form of nutrients and supplements.
Vitamin E deficiency reduces building of red blood cells, results in changes in muscle and disorders of pregnancies.
Dosage: for children, 0.5 mg / 1 kg of weight; for adults 10-30 mg per day.
D-alpha-tocopherol – a natural form of vitamin E which is indicated as the most optimum for supplementation. It helps correct effectively deficiencies of this compound which is extremely crucial for the human body.
Vitamin E is a very important bioactive substance found in many tissues and required for normal functioning of the body. Its deficiencies may be manifested by impaired cognitive abilities and vision, muscle weakness and infertility. It is involved in erythropoiesis and that is why its low intake may lead to anaemia.
In addition, vitamin E has an important role as an antioxidant in the human body. It has the ability to reduce the amount of free radicals, thereby decreasing negative oxidative stress.
During supplementation with d-alpha-tocopherol, we should remember that it belongs to fat-soluble compounds, along with vitamin A, D and K. Because of that, supplements with vitamin E should be taken with a fat-containing meal.
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