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Move over Starbucks, these students are getting a taste of the barista life at school
By Nicola Chan
The hiss of an espresso machine, the smell of coffee hanging heavy in the air, and cute, Instagrammable latte art ... the idea of owning your own cafe is pretty cool, but there's probably a lot of work that goes into it. A group of students at Lok Sin Tong Yu Kan Hing Secondary School have been finding out, once a week, what exactly goes into running a cafe.
Every Monday at lunchtime in the English Aqua Café (the school's English-only zone), watched by marine life swimming about in a giant fish tank, student ambassadors make drinks and Eiffel-tower-shaped pancakes for students and teachers to enjoy as they talk, play board games, practise piano, watch movies and chat with Native English Teachers.
A couple of teachers and five student ambassadors talked to Young Post over afternoon tea (we know, we work so hard) about their experiences, and how hard it is to be a barista at English Aqua Café.
"It all seemed pretty simple when we watched our teachers do it," student barista Polly Tsang Pui-wa, 15, said. "But when we tried to make pancakes and prepare coffee, we realised it's harder than it looks." Charles Fung Ling-chung, 14, agreed, and said he'd dedicated time to practising latte art as he "wasn't meeting the requirements of the teachers" when he'd initially joined the cafe.
Four schoolgirls turn old uniforms into a business that's giving back to charity including Sichuan
It's not just the standard hearts or leaves that the students learn how to make on their coffee, as they can also make use of The Ripple Maker – a coffee machine system which combines 3D printing technology with an ink-jet system. The Ripple Maker can be used to print graphics, words, or even photographs onto the top of any hot drink – perfect for posing with for your social media accounts.
But it isn't just the drinks that deserve "likes" on your page – it's the pancakes too. The students use a food printer called the PancakeBot, which can dispense pancake batter onto a griddle in the shape of the Eiffel Tower, a Ferris wheel, a thumbs-up emoji, and aquatic-themed designs that artistic Form One students have created.
Students have to closely monitor the machine as it prints pancakes out, English teacher Emma Tang said, and they have to make sure they don't burn.
"The batter needs to be beaten to a certain degree of thickness, and they have to control the heat and air pressure of the machine," she said, and added the nature of some of the designs means students need to handle them with a light touch.
The Form Two-Form Four ambassadors have also gained important management skills on top of their newfound cooking knowledge.
"We've had to figure out how to keep things running things smoothly when it gets busy," said May To Ka-wai, 15. "We'll divide tasks up so that the customer isn't waiting long for an order, and that a hot drink is still hot when we serve it."
Charles said he has learned about financial management thanks to "calculating the cost of a cup of coffee".
Coffee exhibition proves that a cup of java is as complex as it is delicious
One of the most important things these CMI (Chinese as the medium of instruction) students will take away from their experience is their improved command of English. Outside of English classes, they don't have a lot of opportunities to speak it, but the students say they're more confident in speaking English thanks to the cafe.
"They were reluctant to serve customers at the start," Tang recalled. "But [the use of] English is vital at the cafe. Their constant use of it means they're more confident expressing themselves in English."
Student ambassador Mimi Jou Hiu-lam, 15, thinks her spoken English is now more fluent thanks to her use of it at the cafe. Jimmy But Man-ki, 14, agreed, and added that working in the English-only cafe has helped expand his vocabulary.
English teacher Janetta Man said she has seen a new level of maturity in the student ambassadors.
"When they first started, they didn't really take it very seriously," Man said. "But now I can see they've become more meticulous about things, which was reflected in how hard they prepared for their exams."
In the future, vice principal Evy Cheung said she would like to recruit Form One students to join the student ambassador team. "I'd like the current student ambassadors to pass on what they've learned, and to instil in new staff the positive culture of the cafe and to help sustain its long-term operation."
With more students trained as baristas, she added, they could also consider opening the cafe on more days of the week, so that more students would be able to benefit from the fun and friendly English learning environment.
Currently priority of using the English Aqua Cafe is given to students with gift vouchers rewarded by teachers for their good learning attitude or lesson performance. Students have to reserve a place at the cafe in advance – though student walk-ins are welcome if the cafe isn't fully booked.
Edited by Ginny Wong
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08 Dec 6 Common WordPress Issues and How to Fix Them
Common WordPress Issues and How to Fix Them
WordPress is one of the most influential CMS platforms that enable you to create and develop a website or blog. Most of the time, it works smoothly and offers automatic updates that allow for easy management. The platform is also highly-customizable that allows you to input new themes and plugins for the website.
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subset: commoncrawl


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114th CONGRESS
2d Session
May 12, 2016
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
To require the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to seek recommendations from an advisory committee of the Food and Drug Administration before approval of certain new drugs that are opioids without abuse-deterrent properties, and for other purposes.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the
Opioid Review Modernization Act of 2016.
FDA opioid action plan
Chapter V of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is amended by inserting after section 569 of such Act (21 U.S.C. 350bbb–8) the following:
Opioid action plan
New drug application
In general
Subject to paragraph (2), prior to the approval pursuant to an application under section 505(b) of a new drug that is an opioid and does not have abuse-deterrent properties, the Secretary shall refer the application to an advisory committee of the Food and Drug Administration to seek recommendations from such advisory committee.
Public health exemption
A referral to an advisory committee under paragraph (1) is not required with respect to a new drug if the Secretary—
finds that such a referral is not in the interest of protecting and promoting public health;
finds that such a referral is not necessary based on a review of the relevant scientific information; and
submits a notice containing the rationale for such findings to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
Pediatric opioid labeling
The Secretary shall convene the Pediatric Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration to seek recommendations from such Committee regarding a framework for the inclusion of information in the labeling of drugs that are opioids relating to the use of such drugs in pediatric populations before the Secretary approves any labeling or change to labeling for any drug that is an opioid intended for use in a pediatric population.
The requirements of subsections (a) and (b) shall cease to be effective on October 1, 2022.
Prescriber education
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, as part of the Food and Drug Administration's evaluation of the Extended-Release/Long-Acting Opioid Analgesics Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, and in consultation with relevant stakeholders, shall develop recommendations regarding education programs for prescribers of opioids pursuant to section 505–1 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355–1), including recommendations on—
which prescribers should participate in such programs; and
how often participation in such programs is necessary.
Guidance on evaluating the abuse deterrence of generic solid oral opioid drug products
Not later than 2 years after the end of the period for public comment on the draft guidance entitled
General Principals for Evaluating the Abuse Deterrence of Generic Solid Oral Opioid Drug Products issued by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research of the Food and Drug Administration in March 2016, the Commissioner
of Food and Drugs shall publish in the Federal Register a final version of such guidance.
Passed the House of Representatives May 11, 2016.
Karen L. Haas,


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I've had this WRVS4400N for a while now, but suddenly (not long after firmware update 18.104.22.168 K9) I've had this intermittent problem of it simply shutting down communication between any port every 24 hours, almost by the clock - I can still access the webadmin interface, but there simply is no trafic allowed between LAN or WAN ports, not even from one LAN port to another.
I've tried restoring to factory defaults, re-flashing the firmware and what have you, but the problem seems to persist... I'm getting extremely tired of this, I really should be able to trust that my network devices can provide a stable network. I've been waiting for a firmware update to address this problem, but no such luck yet, and maybe I'm the only one having this problem, but then it would be nice if you could identify the problem and tell me how to proceed from here to solve it.
I checked the router's system log, and found out that this is entered into the log immediately prior to the interface shutdown everytime:
Mar 6 08:23:36 - __alloc_pages: 0-order allocation failed (gfp=0x1d2/0) Mar 6 08:23:36 - VM: killing process ifconfig
Here's hoping you can help me
Thanks in advance


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1. Create a Google spreadsheet with the following worksheets:
- Our stories
- Slug info
- News organizations
2. In the "Our stories" worksheet, create the following columns:
- Slug
- Date
- News outlet
- Headline
- Link
- Main
- Condensed
- Follow
- Column/Editorial
- Sidebar
- Photo
- Graphic
- Other multimedia
- Multimedia type
- [Your organization] mentioned?
- Customized/localized?
- Web
- Radio
- Comments
Note: Use "1" and "0" instead of "Yes" and "No" to fill in the columns in italics.
3. In the "Slug info" worksheet, create the following columns:
- Slug
- Date
- Hyperlink
- Location
- Optional: categories (i.e. environment, education, government)
4. In the "News organizations" worksheet, create the following columns:
- Name
- Type
- Location
- Affiliation
- Circulation
- Readership
- Audience
5. Once the spreadsheet is set up, begin to enter data from your searches.
6. Start by updating the "Slug info" with your latest stories. Give each one a unique slug and chronological number (for sorting by date grouped by slug), use the date it was first published, include a hyperlink (=hyperlink("link","headline")), and the city in which the story is based. You can also add a column for each category of coverage, to be filled in with 1s and 0s.
7. Starting with the earliest slug, enter story pickups. Enter the slug and use Vlookup to pull in the corresponding number. Then enter the date of the pickup, the news outlet (be consistent!), the headline used by the news outlet, a link, if available, and then info for analysis. Which version of the story did they use? What story elements were picked up? Did they give you credit? Include comments to keep track of front-page pickups and anything else of note.
8. Finally, fill in the news organizations worksheet by pulling the names of the news organizations from the updated "Our stories" worksheet, and filling in the type, location, affiliation, and circulation/readership/audience numbers, if available.
Note: keep a printed copy of the "Slug info" and "News organizations" next to you when you update the Tracker to ensure consistency.


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A few highlights of what I watched and read this week. Enjoy.
- 4th of July stopmotion from PES
- First look at Doctor Who season 9
"The photo shows the Doctor about to make a mistake that has cataclysmic repercussions." - Peter Capaldi
- I love the Rocky movies... excited to see the first trailer for Creed
- Smith Teamaker + Salt & Straw = Oolong ice cream
- Inside the new Black travel movement
- Bree Newsome's first statement since taking down the confederate flag
- The war to keep peace: Rocket Wars documentary
"We do not seek peace in order to go to war. We go to war that we may have peace. - St. Augustine.
- How Rocket Wars was filmed
- EVERYTHING Misty Copeland: the first black female principal dancer at the American Ballet Theatre
- #PrincipalMisty
- PBS American Masters on Misty Copeland


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Mariya Kaganskaya, age 27, is a mezzo soprano from Miami. In 2012, she graduated with a BA in Music, Vocal Performance from the University of California at San Diego. In 2015, she obtained her Masters in Vocal Performance and in 2106 a PSD, both from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music. Ms. Kaganskaya is presently a studio artist with the Florida Grand Opera. Her YouTube audition video is below:
Laura Leon, age 30 is a soprano from Miami, FL. In 2013 she received a BA in Music from Nyack College and in 2015 a MM from Florida International University. She is presently with the Florida Grand Opera. Her YouTube Audition video is below:
The local judges for this competition were: Birgit Fiorvante, Director Opera Fusion; Metropolitan Opera Star, Marilyn Mims and Jeffrey Buchman, NSAL National Voice Winner 1997. He is also a well-known musical director for opera in the major opera houses, including Florida Grand Opera and is a member of the faculty at Frost School of Music at the University of Miami.
For more information: National Society of Arts and Letters national website at www.arts-nsal.org


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Well, you probably already know it if you're reading this.
It's compatible with the HTC-Vive. Proper Oculus Rift compatibility coming later.
There are a few outstanding bugs I know about (and probably many I don't), but it's in a 'good enough to see what it's all about' state.
From here, I'll be fixing up outstanding issues that public feedback provides me, and looking to make it Rift compatible.
This is just a tech demo at this point. I've been getting plenty of requests to make it available as a plugin and all that. And I've come around to thinking it's a good idea.
But to make it game ready - for other developers to put into their own games and systems and have them ship it - there'll be a lot more work that needs to be done, on refactoring the code, making it performant, ensuring that it's well documented, and all that good and necessary stuff needed to get it out more broadly into the end user's hands.
In the mean time, I can still be contacted and will be happy to assist other developers with more hands on implementation of the ideas and systems found within the Freedom Locomotion System.


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Grounds Management Committee
The Grounds Management Committee is made up of about 15 members. Several volunteers come from the USDA, the Natural Resource Conservation Service(NRCS), the North Central Conservation District, UConn's Master Gardener program, and 4-H programs that bring large amounts of talent to the committee. This committee oversees the development of the master plan. The Tolland County Agricultural Center established this committee many years ago to guide development of the property. Major projects they have worked on are establishing a butterfly garden in the nature area, creating rain gardens adjacent to the pavilion, and other beautification projects. If you are interested in joining this committee please contact Ross Person.


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Had coffee at Cafe Bonaparte with A. downing a single expresso like an italiano vero. We were enthralled by the local skateboarders, the board shops, and the general junk available for sale at Hermosa Beach. Identified a great hotel right on the "Strand" which is the walkway between the shops and houses and the beach.
Beach House , Hotel at Hermosa>>
Watched some men throw cookies and bagels into this thrall of seagulls with them hovering, snapping and biting each other for the booty. Seeing a seagull fly away with a complete bagel was a big undoing. We visited a great store beyond the surf joints--Powerhouse 6 with great graphics, the board stuff along with illustration stuff (tees by Jeremy Fish, wallets and accessories along with clothes from Obey, funny Kid-Robot-y toys, all wood (almost furniture like skateboards) boards from Bottega Montana--far beyond the world of laminates and plexi. Cool shoes. Cool wooden cut out (could have been laser cut) jewels and charm-y stuff. Inspired selection that was more about fashion and illustration versus the Surfside lineup (which isnt bad...its more predictable when you see it repeated).
While we were coffee drinking, a man brought two cute herding dogs who immediately leapt up on the pilons defining the main plaza from the eating areas. The dogs were on leashes and were clipped to the screen on the front of the lamps and were the California version of temple guardians. Wonderful. (thus the dog shot).
After about an hour and a half of this fun, it was time to meet up with Aunty Baby for our trek south to San Diego.


text:
Morinda citrifolia
Product of Tahiti
Liquid Herbal Supplement
Supplement Facts
Serving Size 1 ounce (30 ml)
Amount Per Serving %Daily Value
(Morinda citrifolia) (fruit) 700 mg *
*Daily Value not established.
Ingredients: Premium Grade Morinda Citrifolia in Purified
Water, Agave Nectar, Natural Raspberry Flavor, Citric Acid, Potassium
Sorbate, Potassium Benzoate.
Noni Juice, which comes from the Pacific Island of Tahiti, uses only
the highest grade Morinda citrifolia. "Division Name" Noni Juice is
cold-processed to preserve the naturally occurring enzymes,
phytonutrients, vitamins, and trace minerals that make Noni so
Directions: SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING. For adults, take one (1)
ounce daily or as desired, preferably before meals.
GUARANTEED FREE OF: yeast, wheat, gluten, milk or milk
derivatives, lactose, sugar, soy, artificial color, artificial flavor,
sodium (less than 5 mg per serving).
Pregnant or lactating women should consult a doctor before using any
: :
u p e r S a v i n g W h o l e s a l
e O f f e r : :
powered by


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Senator Gordon Lambert, Dublin 1977
Cibachromes printed by the artist.
David Hendricks - Dublin, 1977
Portrait in the round - of a most appreciated and elegant Art Dealer.
Cibachrome images printed by the artist.
Two Men and Two Women of Tokyo. 1982
Installed Images, Quicksilver Gallery, London in 1984
"Image for Stephen Cummings . . .
In memory of."
Four States - of being an artist.
2 X 2 M archival print.
Necklace. Archival image. 100 cms X 100 cms.
In the days of slavery,
hooked steel collars where worn by persistently escaping slaves.
In the days of liberation, South African Republic,
a necklace was a burning tyre around the neck.
Photo Image, 80 X 120 cm. Dec. 2016
A grim realisation after the election of Mr Trump.
Shot in the old whaling port of Port Chalmers, Otago. N.Z.
Light of the World.
B/W Polaroid, 5" X 4 "with marker. Sept. 1985


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Pre-Purchase Tickets to Ford Field for the State Competition (Saturday, November 2nd)
Save $2.00/ticket when you pre-purchase your tickets
Adult tickets are $14.00/each; students and senior citizens are $10.00/each.
Tickets need to be ordered and paid for by September 30th. Order forms are available at the SCRIP table on Monday nights from 6pm - 8pm and soon to be available under "downloads" on the Jenison Bands web site. Completed order forms with payment can be turned in at the SCRIP table or to the band office.
Questions? Please contact Jan Visser at 457-7603 or email@example.com
Parent/Family Bus to Ford Field -- Seats are Still Available
Sit back, relax and leave the driving to someone else! This year our marching band will be competing at Ford Field in the last time slot which begins at 7:30pm. Take advantage of the charter bus that will depart from Jenison High School, deliver you to Ford Field and return you home in the wee hours following the competition and awards!
Tickets are $35/person (this does not include admission to the competition)
To reserve your seats now, contact Lynda Malott at 446-8616 or Susan Rood at 821-9556.
Reservations will be taken untilSeptember 23rd. Payment is due by October 1st.
Departure time: 12:30 pm from JHS, Expected return time: 2:00 am
We will be stopping at Twelve Oaks Mall for dinner and will arrive at Ford Field around 5:00 pm (in time to see some of the Flight I bands perform)


text: Akamai Web Application Firewall OverviewResources Applies To: Akamai Web Application Firewall Overview Kona WAF can identify and mitigate suspicious traffic without affecting performance or availability of the origin server. Security rules for Kona WAF are continuously refined by Akamai's Threat Intelligence Team to protect against known attacks and respond to emerging threats. EventTracker helps you to monitor event activities in Akamai WAF. It's knowledge object will help you make log search easier and informative. And its reports and dashboards helps you to analyse the traffic and faulty configuration of Akamai WAF. EventTracker Knowledge Pack for Akamai WAF allows you to monitor the following :- Compliance - Webpage response errors. Operation - Traffic details. Previous Next Once Akamai WAF is configured to deliver events to EventTracker Manager; Dashboards and reports can be configured into EventTracker. Some of the Knowledge Packs available in EventTracker are listed below. For more information, please refer Integration Guide. Compliance Reports Akamai WAF-Webpage reponse errors: This report provides information about web response error from Akamai WAF traffic.It will help to analyse threat and faulty configuration. Operations Reports Akamai WAF-Traffic report: This report provides details on all traffic flow from Akamai WAF.It's summary details helps to find the details of top users and top akamai responses. Scope The configurations detailed in this guide are consistent with EventTracker Enterprise version 8.x and later, Akamai's Kona Web Application Firewall Documentation: For more information please refer the Integration guide


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Girl Who Leapt Through Time - Manga
After 17 ordinary years on Earth, Makoto Konno's journey was about to be ended by a freak accident. Then, life gave her a reset button. With her new found time-leaping powers, she immediately sets out to wipe off all the little annoyances in her daily life, from failing grades to iffy relationships she can't handle. But as her time-leaps get more frequent, she is forced to realize that every change she makes has profound repercussions that she can't foresee...and should her powers fail her, the consequences could be disastrous...
from Manga Updates
<fb:like action="like" show_faces="true" send="false"></fb:like>
Alternative Names: Toki wo Kakeru Shoujo - Tokikake, The Girl Who Leapt Through Time
Author: TSUTSUI Yasutaka
Artist: KOTONE Ranmaru
Genre: Romance, School Life, Science Fiction, Slice of Life
Demographic: Shounen
This was set as a prelude to the 2006 animated film of the same title, which was in turn loosely based on the 1965 novel.
Adapted from the manga, The Girl Who Runs Through Time.
No Reviews at this time.
External Links
Official Website [Japanese]
Bandai Entertainment
Manga Updates
Anime News Network
No infringement is intended and this article is purely for informational purposes.
The images of the series are for indicative purposes only.
Share your opinion


text:
How lucky are we?! This week over at the Global Design Project we are CASING the amazing Allison Okamitsu. Another fabulous designer and opportunity to CASE. I love Allison's work. CASE = Copy And SHARE Everything. Or copy and selectivly edit.
While I absolutely adore the layout of Allison's strawberry card I opted to pull from the same products and colors. My card also features the Fruit Basket stamp set and the Tutti Fruiti Designer Series papers. I had so much fun playing with these products that I created an alternate below.
Check out the #GDP136 challenge and be sure to play along with us!
Can you see that JUICY strawberry? I added just a little fine tip glue to the image to give it that shiny, wet look.
Are you Interested in purchasing Stampin' Up! products? I would LOVE to be your Stampin' Up! Demonstrator. If you live in the United States you can order your paper crafting supplies from my online store. So easy. THANK YOU!


text:
Visit the Ignite jobs boardShow Me the Jobs
DiGiCo, Latin Grammy Awards Show
HARMAN's Professional Division
As the parent company of brands including JBL Pro, AKG, Studer Soundcraft, Crown, Lexicon and others, HARMAN leads the world in the design and manufacture of professional audio equipment. Harman brands bring you to your feet at a rock concert, or to the edge of your seat in a movie theater. It's how audio professionals have been working with sound, and how the rest of us have been hearing it, for more than 50 years.


text:
Historic Range Hypothesis: A Bits 'n' Pieces EpiloguePosted: September 20, 2018 Filed under: Habitat, Ivory-bill History, Uncategorized | Tags: Alexander Wilson, Arkansas River, Beaver, florida, Forest Park, Ivory-billed Woodpecker, John James Audubon, Midden, Mississippi Valley, Missouri River, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Peter Kalm, Range, Red River, Specimen, Virginia, West Virginia Leave a comment
In retrospect, I realize that I could have stated my hypothesis about historic range more explicitly in the Bits 'n' Pieces series, here, here, here, here, here, and here. My treatment of this subject draws on and expands upon Tanner, Jerome Jackson's extensive review of the historical record, the work of Benjamin Leese, and Appendix E in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Ivory-billed Woodpecker Recovery Plan, supplemented by my own research and review of the source material.
I got somewhat too focused on specimen records and even more so on habitat types. The version of the map I created for the series reflects that focus, by including barrier islands, for example. The subjects of range and habitat are of course intertwined, but I'll state the hypothesis with respect to range upfront and follow it with a more detailed discussion:
The Ivory-billed Woodpecker's range was considerably more extensive and than is recognized by the general public and than has been represented in much of the literature, both popular and scientific. All published range maps of which I'm aware, including Hasbrouck's (1891), Tanner's (1942), Jackson's revised and redrawn version of Tanner (2004), and online, poorly reflect the historic range, especially east of the Mississippi.
This has implications in terms of habitat requirements and adaptability as well.
I suggest that the northern limit of the ivorybill's range was just above 40 degrees North and that the western limit was approximately 98 degrees West. There are no archaeological or other records from over 2000′, so I'd exclude higher elevations in the Appalachians and Ozarks. I think the previous maps are accurate to the extent that they show the range as extending farther west in the Red and Arkansas River basins than in the Missouri.
To express it somewhat differently, I think ivorybills could be found as far north as the lower Delaware River on the Eastern Seaboard and that they could be found in riparian corridors into the lower reaches of the Appalachians from there south.
In Florida, I think it's conceivable that the range extended to the Upper Keys. In the southwest, I'd draw the line near Port Lavaca, Texas to west of Tulsa, Oklahoma. Except for an archaeological find in northeastern Nebraska that almost certainly involved trade items, the northernmost specimen record from west of the Mississippi is from Forest Park, MO (more on that below).
The story seems to have been somewhat different in the Ohio River watershed, where both archaeological evidence and sight records suggest that birds were present far upstream from the Mississippi confluence and along tributaries well north of the river itself.
I've created another map showing both the limits of my hypothesized range and selected reports from what could be considered the edges of that range. A screen cap is below. Click on this link for annotations. Although some of the records are pre-Columbian (the earliest estimated as dating to 0-200 CE/AD), I suspect this was the approximate range until the mid to late-18th century.
Thus my hypothesized range is considerably more extensive than the conventional one (shown immediately below). On the Eastern Seaboard, it extends much farther north and also farther inland. It is far greater within the Mississippi watershed, extending to north of Columbus, Ohio, and encompassing all but the higher elevations in the Appalachians (based on the archaeological site at 2000′ near Lebanon, VA), reaching farther north and west in Arkansas and Missouri.
It was also somewhat more extensive in Texas and Oklahoma, reaching farther into the plains and a little farther south than the maps suggest. Outside of coastal areas, the presence was probably limited to riparian corridors, with those in the western part of the range (at least) being narrow. The version below is from the IUCN Red List entry for the ivorybill.
While what I'm suggesting may seem heretical to some, it's well-supported by the archaeological record, accounts from early explorers and naturalists, and collection records or reports thereof, albeit to a lesser extent. I covered many of the records that led to my formulating this hypothesis in previous posts; I won't recapitulate all of them here, but one passage is worth revisiting. Two notes on technical terminology: middens are most easily defined as "dumps for old domestic waste", and tarsometatarsi are the lower leg bones found in birds (and some dinosuar fossils).
If our knowledge of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker were based on the archaeological record alone, we'd think of it as an upland species. Further, we might very well assume that it ranged from the hills of Georgia, to the Alleghenies in Virginia, to central Ohio and west-central Illinois.
The remains found in Native American middens were unlikely to have been trade goods; ivorybill parts seem to have been a valuable commodity for ceremonial use west of the Mississippi but not east of it, and in several cases, the remains found were tarsometatarsi, which would be consistent with use as food:
There is strong physical evidence of ritual value for woodpecker scalps and bills from the upper Midwest and Plains . . . Remains of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker can be found in sacred bundles, on pipe stems, on amulets, and with burials among the Native Americans of the region. The evidence comes from the western Great Lakes and the Plains; no evidence of a particular use of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers has yet been uncovered from the eastern area of the Great Lakes (Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan).
(Leese, 2006.) Leese also points out (in several of his publications) that there's no evidence that ivorybill parts other than scalps and bills had any trade value.
In an unpublished 1989 update to his monograph (housed in the archives at Cornell), Tanner accepted additional reports, including archaeological finds from Scioto County, Ohio (15th or 16th-century) and Madison County, Illinois (Cahokia Mounds, approximately 15th-century), as well as a collection record from Forest Park, Missouri and an 18th century record from Lincoln County, Kentucky. Since that time, additional archaeological records from Georgia, Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio have turned up.
Thus, the case for ivorybill presence both in the lower reaches of the Appalachians and well up the Ohio River (and its tributaries) is compelling, and any suggestion that items found in Native American middens might be trade goods is pure speculation with no evidence to support it.
In a paper titled, "Putative Records of the Ivory Billed Woodpecker in Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic" (2016 Pennsylvania Birds, 20(2):71-72), Leese suggested that eastern Pennsylvania and Southern New Jersey might be the northern limit on the Atlantic Coast. I agree and might even go a step further and argue that the available evidence strongly supports that view. The discussion below relies heavily on material Leese discovered, though I disagree with Leese's conclusion that a more extensive range and more varied habitats support Snyder's argument that hunting was the "main cause of the species' extinction".
This idea that ivorybills ranged so far north on the East Coast will probably be the hardest for many to swallow. Bear in mind, however, that Audubon described the ivorybill as an accidental in Maryland. Audubon's discussion of range is odd; he didn't mention Florida, and there's nothing to support the idea that the western part of the range extended to the foothills of the Rockies. But he would have been far better informed about the Eastern Seaboard.
In any event, his description dates to the 1820s, by which time the range was likely shrinking. As discussed previously in the series, I suspect that the extirpation of the beaver played a major role in the ivorybill's decline outside of Florida. Beavers were probably extirpated in New Jersey by 1820 (Van Gelder 1984). It's reasonable to infer a similar date for eastern Pennsylvania.
To expand on this beyond the previous posts in the series, Peter Kalm, a prominent European naturalist and student of Linnaeus, listed the ivorybill as present in the Delaware Valley and distinguished it from the Pileated, which he described as "a Black Woodpecker with a red head" and "frequent in the Pennsylvanian forests".
It's not clear whether Tanner was aware of Kalm's 1749 record, which was described in The Auk in 1903. The author of that paper suggested that this record should be taken "cum grano salis," primarily because there have been no other records from the state. Or have there?
While it is ambiguous, Leese discovered a letter from Alexander Wilson, written during the early years of his career, when he was living on William Bartram's property near Philadelphia; it is strongly suggestive of ivorybill, describing a large and "most extraordinary Blackheaded Woodpecker". This was at a time when Wilson seemed to be in the process of learning his birds, and he did not mention it in later correspondence, which leaves room for doubt.
While Wilson's description is not very detailed, I find it suggestive. And as noted previously, I think the only basis for rejecting Kalm's account (and he seems to have otherwise been meticulous) is what we think we know about the ivorybill, a knowledge base derived from observations dating to between 60 and 190 years later. While there's no way to prove it, I think Kalm's listing should be treated as credible; it would be if a more common species were involved. Leese mentioned a couple of additional 18th century reports from Pennsylvania (included on the map) but found them questionable.
I'm not aware of anyone else having made this observation, but I think it's a very important one. In the 1740s, the ivorybill had not yet acquired the mystique that would accompany it from the mid-1800s to the present, a mystique that was popularized if not invented by Audubon. This lends greater credibility to earlier reports such as Kalm's. I think the same principle supports Jefferson's listing of the ivorybill as resident in Virginia (which may have been based on his own observations) a couple of decades after Kalm and a few decades before Audubon.
To return briefly to Wilson and another report from an unexpected location, Jackson (2004) references a specimen collected by Wilson from somewhere between Winchester, Virginia and Martinsburg in what is now West Virginia (presumably in the Potomac watershed). I have not located the primary source for this reference, which may be in the archives of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, but here's Jackson's:
The Putnam County, WV find is also interesting, as it suggests a bird that may have been collected for trade rather than being acquired through it.
I want to touch briefly on two additional records, both involving specimens. The facts related to these records point to how even specimen evidence is not free from ambiguity. For one thing, specimen tags often reflect shipment rather than collection locations. In addition, labels could have been changed and replaced at any point in the chain of custody between hunter and museum.
The first specimen is housed at Cornell (and I have seen it myself). It was collected in 1898 from the "Florida keys". In Appendix E of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Recovery Plan, it is suggested that this might actually refer to one of the forested "keys" in the Everglades rather than to one of the offshore islands. However, given the ivorybill's use of barrier islands on the Atlantic Coast and the 10,000 Islands in Florida, it does not seem farfetched that the specimen could have been collected somewhere in the Upper Keys proper.
From my current perspective, based on the Recovery Plan's information about habitat on the southwest Florida coast, both possibilities seem plausible and neither is particularly surprising. However, neither location would ever have had many characteristics in common with stereotypical ivorybill habitat – vast, contiguous bottomland hardwood forests. (Although he sometimes seemed to embrace this stereotype later in life, Tanner recognized that ivorybills lived in varied habitats, as have others who have studied the subject in depth.)
The other specimen, labeled as being from Forest Park, Saint Louis, Missouri, escaped Tanner's notice initially but was included in his 1989 update. It is housed at the Colorado Museum of Natural History in Denver and was collected in 1886. Matt Courtman pointed out that by 1886, Forest Park was hardly an isolated spot; it attracted "hundreds of thousands" of visitors a year,was located on the outskirts of a city with a population of 400,000, had been at least partially landscaped, and was accessible by streetcar.
So not only did this collection come from well north of what's commonly accepted as the historic range; it may have come from a managed parkland on the outskirts of a major city, hardly stereotypical ivorybill habitat. The location and date are surprising, so it's possible that the specimen was collected somewhere else (though not in a different region) and that Forest Park was the shipping location.
This may be so, but an 1886 collection from anywhere near Saint Louis is a paradigm-buster, regardless of the exact location, as this 1884 map suggests. Forest Park, to the southeast of Florisant and Ferguson, which are indicated by the red circle on the map, is not shown.
Tanner's original map showed the ivorybill as never having ranged farther north than the Missouri bootheel (the southeastern corner of the state) and as having been extirpated from all but the southernmost tip of that region by 1880. The last specimen collected in Missouri dates to 1895, from just north of the bootheel "eight miles southwest of Morley." (Widdman, 1908). Tanner seems to have been unaware of this record, which is mentioned in Jackson, who could not locate the specimen itself.
Tanner received at least one report (1937) from Dallas County, Missouri, which is northwest of Springfield, in the upper (southern) reaches of the Missouri River basin and well outside the generally accepted historic range. The source was a local Audubon Society officer, and the letter is archived at Cornell. There appears to have been no follow-up. According to the Recovery Plan, reports from this general area continued until 1949.
Though his map of the range ca. 1890 suggests a northernmost limit in Mississippi and Louisiana, Hasbrouck (citing Cooke, Bird Migration in the Mississippi Valley) mentioned 1884 records from near Kansas City and undated claims of former breeding near Fayette, along the river in central Missouri; Tanner considered these questionable or accidental. I agree that they're somewhat questionable but not that they could have been accidental, since both purportedly involved breeding.
Reading Cooke reveals that both were second-hand accounts. The Kansas City report includes no details except that birds were observed "during the past few winters", and "it probably still breeds in that vicinity". For Fayette, the source was identified as a local farmer and egg collector by the name of Lientz, but the former breeding claim is devoid of any details, including the informant's name.
Thus, the possibility of mistake or miscommunication exists in both instances, as in the seemingly credible report from eastern Nebraska discussed in Part 2; however, Jackson also references Harris's Birds of the Kansas City Region (1919), which lists a "Judge Guinot" and others" for the Kansas City area records, in the "deep woods of the Missouri bottoms". No date is given, but it seems possible if not likely that Guinot (1855-1935) was Cooke's source
While I think the historic range probably extended as far as Kansas City, the case seems a little weaker to me than it does for the eastern seaboard and Ohio Valley – given the paucity or absence of archaeological evidence or early reports from the Missouri River watershed, a key route for explorers, traders, and early settlers. For example, Featherstonhaugh, who crossed the Missouri River basin near the confluence with the Mississippi in the 1830s, described the northern limit as being considerably farther south, in the Arkansas-White River watershed. But perhaps there's more to uncover about the ivorybill's history along the Missouri.
As with anything ivorybill related, it's probably best to be comfortable with not knowing and even to revel in the uncertainty.
Bits and Pieces Part 4: Rethinking Range and "Suitable Habitat"Posted: October 13, 2017 Filed under: Habitat, Ivory-bill History, Uncategorized | Tags: Extralimital, Georgia, habitat, Indiana, Ivory-billed Woodpecker, James T. Tanner, John James Audubon, Kansas City, Kentucky, Missouri River, Ohio, Ohio River, South Carolina, swamps, tupelo, virgin forest, Virginia, West Virginia Leave a comment
Bottom line upfront: In pre-contact and early colonial times and into the 19th century, Ivory-billed Woodpeckers inhabited a more varied and expansive range than most people realize. The range probably reached from the southern tip of Florida to central Ohio, with the 40th parallel as the approximate northern limit, westward to St. Louis and perhaps along the Missouri River. As discussed in the previous post, the western limit of the range appears to have been somewhere around the 96 or 97th Meridian, in the southwest, and probably somewhat farther east at the northwestern edge, if unproven historic reports from the Kansas City area are valid. Outside of coastal areas, distribution appears to have followed riparian corridors to its outer limits, and there are no records from elevations of over ~1000′.
A couple of maps may be useful for additional information about forest, bioregion, and habitat types and may help with visualization along with my map of records from unexpected habitats.
This is a new avenue of exploration for me, and I'm not personally familiar with many of the areas involved. I need to do additional research on areas within Tanner's range map, along the coasts and in Florida, to be sure my characterizations are accurate. I'm leaving some of these locations on the master map for now (but removing them from the graphic below which includes extralimital and edge of range records). The master map is thus subject to change, so view it with the caveat that the notations may be incomplete or inaccurate. This post will address locations that are outside the confines of Tanner's 1942 range map, although he accepted some of these records in 1989.
As in the previous post, my analysis relies on records accompanied by reported physical evidence (even if that evidence has been lost) and to Native American sites where remains found are deemed unlikely to have been trade items. I relied on the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Recovery Plan, Appendix E, Tanner, Jackson, and a few additional sources.
Before undertaking a whirlwind tour of the locations involved, I thought I should return to the mythology discussed in the previous post. I chose my words poorly in describing that mythology: "To a large extent these beliefs treat the Singer Tract as a model – a vast tract of "virgin" bottomland forest dominated by oaks and sweetgums, with abundant, moss-draped cypress for atmosphere (although ivorybills seem to have avoided cypress in the Tract)."
In fairness to Tanner, he didn't characterize cypress as being abundant in the Tract. (It was not.) And his overall view was that cypress-tupelo swamps were not good ivorybill habitat. Audubon, with his romantic, indeed gothic, language is the father of the cypress myth.
I wish, kind reader, it were in my power to present to your mind's eye the favourite resort of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Would that I could describe the extent of those deep morasses, overshadowed by millions of gigantic dark cypresses, spreading their sturdy moss-covered branches, as if to admonish intruding man to pause and reflect on the many difficulties which he must encounter, should he persist in venturing farther into their almost inaccessible recesses, extending for miles before him, where he should be interrupted by huge projecting branches, here and there the massy trunk of a fallen and decaying tree, and thousands of creeping and twining plants of numberless species! Would that I could represent to you the dangerous nature of the ground, its oozing, spongy, and miry disposition, although covered with a beautiful but treacherous carpeting, composed of the richest mosses, flags, and water-lilies, no sooner receiving the pressure of the foot than it yields and endangers the very life of the adventurer, whilst here and there, as he approaches an opening, that proves merely a lake of black muddy water, his ear is assailed by the dismal croaking of innumerable frogs, the hissing of serpents, or the bellowing of alligators! Would that I could give you an idea of the sultry pestiferous atmosphere that nearly suffocates the intruder during the meridian heat of our dogdays, in those gloomy and horrible swamps! But the attempt to picture these scenes would be vain. Nothing short of ocular demonstration can impress any adequate idea of them.
Hasbrouck (1891) perpetuated the emphasis on cypress and very low-lying locations:
Hasbrouck's explanation of the Missouri extralimital records is odd. The locations given are well outside bald cypress range.
That aside, the myth discussed in the previous post is a composite. The emphasis on cypress originates with Audubon and Hasbrouck, and the emphasis on large tracts, old growth, oaks, sweetgums, and tree size is largely drawn from Tanner.
Here are the extralimital records:
Reedy River, South Carolina: Nest with eggs reportedly collected in 1896 and later lost. The location is in the Piedmont, south of Greenville, at an elevation of approximately 900′. The Reedy flows into the Salad, which flows into the Congaree. This report is listed in the Recovery Plan because it was accepted by Sprunt as "definitive" but is considered highly questionable.
Etowah Mounds, Georgia: Pre-contact site, elevation approximately 700′. Presumably not trade goods "but requires further discussion" per the Recovery Plan. The Etowah River is at the northern end of the Alabama River watershed.
Between Martinsburg, West Virginia and Winchester, Virginia: Specimen reportedly collected by Wilson ca. 1810. Elevation at Winchester is 725′ and at Martinsburg is 453′. This would appear to be in the Potomac watershed.
Moundsville, West Virginia: Two lower mandibles found in a pre-contact (early Common Era, 0-200) midden. Potentially trade goods. Elevation 696′. The location is on the Ohio River.
Philo, Ohio: Near the Muskingum River. Tarsometatarsus found in pre-contact midden, dates from ca. 1100-1500. Elevation 735′.
Sciotto County, Ohio: Same as above. Elevation of the site is 1050′, but the nearby Sciotto River is lower. The site is about 10 miles from the Ohio, and the elevation at the confluence is 533′.
Ross County, Ohio: Same as above. Also on the Sciotto River but farther upstream. Elevation 863′
Near Troy, Ohio: Near the Miami River, March 1804 sight record by Gerard Hopkins, a Quaker envoy to the Miami and Pottwatomi. The report includes a description, ". . . resembling the red headed woodcock of Maryland, except that its head is black and its bill ivory. " (Leese 2001). Omitted from the map because it doesn't involve a specimen, but included here because it adds weight to the archaeological records.
Franklin County, Indiana: Report of a specimen, 1869, now lost. Elevation at least 490′. Probably along the Whitewater River, an Ohio tributary. There are a number of early reports from Indiana, but no other reported specimens and no archaeological records. In light of Audubon's collection at Henderson, KY (just across the Ohio River) as well as the Ohio records, it seems likely that ivorybills were present in parts of Indiana into the 19th century.
Henderson, Kentucky: Female specimen collected by Audubon in July 1810 and used as a model for his first painting of the species. Elevation 400′. This record does not appear in the Recovery Plan or Jackson, and it seems to have been overlooked by researchers. Audubon's own notation describes the location as "Red Banks", on the Ohio River at the northernmost limit of the cypress-tupelo association, well upstream from the confluence with the Mississippi. Article by R. Haven Wiley in Kentucky Warbler, May 1970.
Stanford, Kentucky: Pair reported, with one specimen collected by a Colonel Fleming, 1790. Record accepted by Tanner in 1989. Elevation 942′. The Dix River, which flows into the Kentucky and thence the Ohio, is nearby.
Cahokia Mounds, Illinois: East of the confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri, 1500s or earlier, tarsometatarsus. Elevation 490′.
Forest Park, Missouri or Vicinity: West of the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri. Specimen collected 1896 and in the collection of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. Elevation approximately 500′.
I find it interesting that Ohio is the state with the most pre-contact records involving likely food items – 3 out of a total of 4-6.
With regard to Missouri and the Missouri River watershed, Hasbrouck accepted reports from Fayette and Kansas City, and given the overall picture, this does not seem implausible. In addition, there were persistent reports from the vicinity of Lake of the Ozarks, in the Missouri River watershed, until the end of the 1940s; Tanner received information about Missouri reports from local Audubon society officers but apparently disregarded it. There's no way to assess the validity of these old, anecdotal claims and no evidence to support them, but given this perspective on the historic range, they may be somewhat less far-fetched than it seems at first glance.
I'm heading for Louisiana soon. More after I return – a trip report and probably two additional installments.


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Cat allergic reactions are straightforward to identify as soon as you already know what you're searching for. Allergy symptoms are the sixth leading reason for chronic illness in the U.S. and roughly half of all Americans test constructive for not less than one of many 10 most typical allergens, including cat allergic reactions, based on a profile from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Illnesses (NIAID).
Typically highly delicate individuals also get an intense rash on the face, neck and higher chest. The doctor may inform you to remain out of the house the place the pet lives to see in case your signs go away. Whereas some breeds – just like the "hairless" sphinx – are mentioned to be much less likely to set off symptoms of cat allergic reactions than others, any cat has the potential to trigger problems.
The severity of allergic reactions differs widely amongst people, and even throughout the identical particular person, allergic reactions can change in severity from season to season and from allergen to allergen. Use plastic covers which are designed to prevent allergens from penetrating in your mattress and pillows.
If you happen to hire, and may't get permission to switch them, hold the curtains washed and use a hand vacuum on the drapes. Pinpointing the cause of your allergic reactions might be difficult when an animal lives in your home. As much as 30 percent of people with bronchial asthma can have a severe attack upon coming into contact with a cat.
Dust and pollen in a cat's coat can even trigger allergy signs. Wood or tiled flooring and clean walls assist cut back allergens. Be suggested that retaining the cat in just one room will not restrict the allergens to that room. Nasal steroid sprays, which affect allergy or asthma symptoms in various methods.


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Switching To A Natural Deodorant
I've been noticing an insurgence of people being more conscious of what goes into their beauty products, myself included. It started with a switch to cruelty-free products like shampoo and makeup, but I didn't realize it would be SO HARD to find a cruelty-free antiperspirant, too.
My research pointed me to natural deodorant, and I wasn't excited. You mean I have to actually sweat? I thought, remembering the terrible throes of puberty so long ago. However, once I did more research on how deodorants work (something I'm not too proud to admit I had never considered before) and what harmful ingredients are lurking in that stick I hesitantly started to come around.
In the spirit of November (aka NOT summer, so a good time to start this journey if you're considering it), I figured it might be nice to do a virtual brain dump of my own experiences from the past couple months of making this transition. Of course, everyone's mileage may very — I won't lie to you and try to downplay this as something that isn't a big change. Sweating feels weird and gross and wrong, but knowing that I'm doing my best to live a healthy and well-balanced life feels good and right.
There will be a detox: I didn't know about this until after I started, so until I consulted Google I thought I was just some weird, sweaty anomaly. Turns out, this is a totally normal and healthy process for your body to go through. Because antiperspirant physically blocks pores from sweating, most of us have sweat glands that have been repressed for years. Once they're able to get the pollutants out of your system as sweat glands are designed to do, they're going to take advantage. Personally, I didn't think this period was as the hyperbole of internet articles make it out to be, but I assume it's a little different for everyone. Just rest assured that it's totally normal to sweat a LOT and you won't sweat this much forever!
There will be sweat: It's been about twelve years since I started wearing antiperspirant every day, so the sensation of sweating has been a strange thing for me to get used to. Natural deodorant will keep you from smelling sweaty, but the moisture will still be there — icky, I know. The good news is, once your body gets used to having the ability to sweat you'll start to perspire a lot less during day-to-day activities. I've also read that drinking plenty of water and cutting back on processed foods can help your body feel the need to sweat less, and I think that's advice we could all stand to follow.
There (might) be blisters: I started out using Schmidt's deodorant and I loved it — most people agree that theirs is some of the best out there. Unfortunately, Schmidt's uses a baking soda-based formula and after a few weeks I started to get blisters. This doesn't happen to everyone, but my skin is too sensitive for the harshness of their full-strength formula. I have heard good things about their sensitive skin version, but I'm liking the Charcoal Magnesium Detox from Primal Pit Paste for now!
You will be healthier: While this whole process can be a hard sell for a lot of people (it was for me — I HATE being sweaty), ultimately this is something that can have a huge impact on your health. While the studies are still conflicting on how dangerous aluminum is to have in your system, I'd rather not take the chance. Antiperspirant works because the aluminum is absorbed into your pores and those pores happen to be right over a cluster of lymph nodes which carry things all through your system. Additionally, just like your health class teacher tried to drive home, sweating is a good thing. It's how our body regulates temperature and removes toxins, both of which I want to be able to do to the best of my ability. So while it can be a little uncomfortable, it's worth it to know that I'm doing the best I can to be healthy!


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Pamela Morgan
Project: Build a Bat Shack
Program: CO.STARTERS for Causes
Did you know that nearly 70% of bats consume insects, contributing to a large part of natural pest control? An immediate goal of Build a Bat Shack is to continue building bat houses; think bird houses but for bats. Long term, Pamela hopes to secure an abandoned building in Chattanooga to convert it as a sanctuary and rehabilitation center for bats. Remember, more insectivores equals less pesticides and less mosquitoes for us humans.
CO.STARTERS for Causes is a nine-week program that helps individuals put ideas into action, turning a passion for bettering the community into a sustainable and thriving endeavor.


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1. My pick for the best two movies this year. Ex Machina is hypnotic and thought provoking. Mad Max is an insane thrill ride with an outstanding story gluing the mayhem together. I saw Age of Ultron after watching Mad Max: Fury Road and it looked and felt flat, like an opened day old can of coke.
1b. Personally I'd put Mad Max: Fury Road in the top movies this decade. It flat out melted my face off. 😀
2. Getting back in the swing of things driving-wise. I have some awesome customers, and their loyalty and patronage makes me smile.
3. I'm finally getting over the post-vacation let down. I will go back there. One of the best times of my life.
4. Writing has suffered…admittedly…but I'm still plugging away. Getting back in the zone with that as well. I THOUGHT the vacation would allow some good writing time, but I discovered that I needed a REAL vacation from my routine. So I swam with turtles, drank copious amounts of rum, made some great new friends and did a large amount of nothing for a week. I needed that.
5. Later today is car maintenance day. Probably going to end up spending a good chunk of the day at the mechanic's getting stuff replaced. Normal wear and tear stuff…brakes, cv joints and possibly a new timing belt/water pump…not cheap, but in my line of work, if you don't take care of such things, you don't have a line of work. heh.
6. Off to dream of Furiosa. 🙂


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The Bertrams
This is a massive effort, taking place in England and the Middle East, with a cast of thousands... Well, not thousands, fortunately, but certainly a great many. There are three Bertrams present: Sir Lionel, his son George (our hero), and the wealthy uncle. The primary story involves the joining of two couples (following some rocky periods), and the disposal of the uncle's fortune. The more amusing bits focus on peripheral characters in the social settings of a fictional town and in travel on board ship or touring Egypt. Trollope digresses from time to time to lecture us on religion, politics, and eccentricities of the British tourist. (Summary by Arnold Banner)
Genre(s): Humorous Fiction
Language: English


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Bhutanese Language Wedding Bands
This is why I love my job... Clients with a very distinct need. Write on metal. In a different language. The challenge opens up my creativity. These 2 met in Tibet on adventure and have so much personal meaning in their bands. Hand constructed with Silver and Gold in cut-out fashion.
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Mumbai, May 26, 2011 (Washington Bangla Radio) Awaiting the latest Salman Khan movie – Ready!! So get ready for the original version of the movie first. Shemaroo releases Ready – the Original Telugu Version that got adapted by Bollywood, on its YouTube channel – Shemaroo Telugu. Visit www.youtube.com/shemarootelugu and enjoy the bindas action of the South Indian heroes in the movie.
The channel not only has the movie with English sub-titles (need to press on CC tab below the video to see sub-titles) but one can also read the synopsis and some interesting facts about the film. Shemaroo Telugu channel on youtube is targeted for the South Indian Audience. One can watch the full movie on the channel for free. Presently there are more than 75 movies uploaded on the channel and the numbers are increasing with time. Popular films like Don Seenu, Adavi and Kidnap form the part of the catalog. One can also enjoy films from their favourite actors like Rajnikant, Mahesh Babau and Ravi Teja on the channel. Also popular songs and scenes from the movie can be availed on the channel.


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Identiv CEO Jason Hart sounded optimistic tones about the company's NFC tag business, particularly in "Internet of Things" applications or tags for consumer goods, during a conference call last week to discuss Identiv's fourth quarter and full year 2014 earnings, but investors responded with less optimism.
Japan-based video game company Nintendo will begin accepting contactless payments via its Wii U game consoles in Japan later this year, and the company will also release a new line of NFC-enabled toy figures for the console.
NFC TIMES Exclusive – When New York City transit officials announced Tuesday that the 1 millionth ride paid for through their new OMNY open-loop payments service had arrived ahead of schedule, they also proudly noted that 80% of the contactless payments had come from NFC wallets, not physical bank cards.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – As Japan continues to fight what to date has been a losing battle against cash, an announcement by the joint venture behind QR code-based payments service PayPay offers a little bit of encouragement.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – As Apple Pay approaches the fifth anniversary of its launch in the U.S., there is more research showing that most American consumers simply don't see the value of tapping to pay with NFC-based payments services.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – Five years ago next month, Transport for London introduced open-loop contactless payments across its transit network, including metro, trams and commuter rail, following an earlier launch on buses. The service now accounts for more than half of all pay-as-you-go journeys and has become a global showcase for the technology.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – While noting to financial analysts late Tuesday that Apple Pay is now approaching 1 billion transactions per month globally and is in 47 markets, perhaps Apple CEO Tim Cook's most significant comments about Apple Pay this week was to again emphasize that Apple wants to enable users to routinely tap to pay for bus, subway and other transit rides with their iPhones and Apple Watches.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – China's mega-mobile wallet providers have continued their rollouts of transit payments in China, with Tencent Holdings announcing Tuesday that two years after launching its first QR-code-based WeChat "Ride Code" service in Guangzhou, total users for its transit payments services has reached 100 million.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – Transport for New South Wales, Australia, the authority that oversees transit in and around Sydney, has taken a step toward phasing out its closed-loop contactless Opal fare card, today extending nearly all of the discounts it offers on Opal to users of open-loop Visa- Mastercard- and American Express-branded contactless cards.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight– October will mark the fifth anniversary of the launch of Apple Pay in the U.S., Apple's first country for its groundbreaking NFC payments service.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – Following Apple's imminent entry into the credit card business in the U.S. with its planned Apple Card, the tech giant is showing signs it is looking to roll out the branded credit card in a number of other countries, as well.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – It was the fall of 2015, and interest in the Pays wallets was burgeoning. Google and Samsung had each launched their respective payments services in September of 2015 in the U.S., following introduction of Apple Pay a year earlier.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – Apple Pay will offer support for Hong Kong's popular closed-loop contactless transit and retail payments card Octopus later this year, adding a much-needed service to an Apple Wallet that launched three years ago in Hong Kong for credit and debit payments at retail.
NFC TIMES Exclusive Insight – While Visa's country office in Taiwan was touting the fact that Taiwan ranks as one of the top countries in Asia Pacific for acceptance and use of contactless payments only six months ago, that hasn't stopped the big payments network from actively promoting QR code payments on the island nation, too.


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Chicken breast is the staple of any diet. Be that to lose weight, put on muscle mass or just to be healthy, chicken breast is at the heart of every meat eater diet!
It is packed full of protein with no carbs and very little fat which is great if you are watching your waistline but also means that it can often taste dry and bland! By adding pesto and baking in foil you solve these 2 problems in one go as well as limiting the mess as all is cooked together in one baking tray!
Off course you can make your own pesto, and I do believe fresh is best, but now a days you can find freshly made pesto (and other pasta sauces in tesco) so if like me you are short of time (or patience) that's the next best thing! I bought the Mattarello Basil Pesto at Waitrose.
Now, pesto do have a good amount of fat in it, but they are all good and healthy fats that will help your chicken stay moist and also help keep you fuller for longer.
This dish is suitable for those trying to lose weight and or on a low carb diet. If you need more carbs, you can always add some sweet potato or I thing it would go really well with buckwheat or quinoa!
Its good to note that I like my veg crunchy so if you prefer softer veg, I'd recommend to pre-cook it before adding to the chicken. 4-5min on a steamer should do the trick :)
- 6 Chicken Breasts
- 150g of Fresh Pesto
- Vine Cherry Tomatoes (about 6 small vines)
- Broccoli, Green Beans and Baby Corn (enough for 6 portions), chopped in chunky pieces
- Salt and Pepper to taste
- Pre-heat the oven at 180ºC
- Cover a roasting tray with foil
- Place the chicken breast on the foil and put a good layer of pesto in each breast
- Place 1 vine on top of each breast and add the rest of the veg. Also add a little salt and pepper to taste
- Cover with foil and place in the oven
- Bake it for 40 min at 180ºC
There you go! A heathy, tasty and diet friendly meal that takes less than 5 min to prepare (plus 40min of cooking), and makes very little mess! Perfect for all you busy people! :)


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omg i almost forget to introduce you my friend @thyone
she has a suicidegirl set on queue....SHOT BY ME!!! i'm so fucking excited because it's my very first as photographer for suicidegirls, but aslo becuase i fucking love her, she is beautiful AF, hot AF, smart AF, and a super fan of DEADPOOL... and guess what??? tomorrow the second movie will be live!!
ok ok... relax the boobies... i have a couple of previews of the set... ♥
Please help my friend to find Francis xDDD
@rambo @sean @missy
VIEW 4 of 4 COMMENTS


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360Rize PRO10 VR KIT FOR 10 GOPRO CAMERAS (IDEAL FOR LARGE SCALE DISPLAYS)
The Pro10HD is a professional tool for filming high resolution 360° virtual reality video content. Positioning GoPro™ cameras in a spherical orientation, the Pro10HD 360 Plug-n-Play™ Holder captures 360 x 180 degree videos and photos at resolutions as high as 12,000 x 6,000 pixels. The Pro10HD presents itself as our highest resolution model and is ideal for creating content for planetarium domes, dome theaters and large-scale displays. Content filmed with this model can also be experienced with the Oculus Rift, Samsung Gear VR, Google Cardboard and the industry's other leading virtual reality head mounted displays.
The close proximity of each camera in the Pro10HD configuration offers a high level of frame overlap for each camera's FOV (field of view). This means objects and subject matter can be very close (3-4 feet) to the unit while filming in comparison to other models without creating distortion and parallax issues during the stitching process. All 10 cameras are oriented vertically using either 1080, 2.7K or 4K formats to create a tightly stitched HD full spherical image with NO nadir's on top and bottom. This image can be used in the most demanding display environments with stunning results. The close proximity of each camera also allows for objects to get very close to the camera head without distortion.
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Pokémon Red & Blue were released around the same time that the Internet became commonly available in homes across North America. The creators of the game could not have predicted the kind of reaction they would get when they secretly added Mew into the game, yet made it unavailable to players.
The presence of Mew within Pokémon Red & Blue was like an urban legend had come to life and it inspired numerous false secrets concerning other hidden Pokémon.
It is due to the existence of Pokémon like Mew and Celebi that players have gone through the files of every Pokémon game, in order to look for more secrets. Game Freak has been quite accommodating in this regard, as almost every Pokémon game has creatures buried deep within the code that were only meant to be seen by the most dedicated of fans.
We are here today to look at the Pokémon that are impossible to encounter within their games and to tell you to get them. From the Pokémon that was brought back from the dead (and never distributed) to the most unusual trade of all time.
Here are 20 Pokémon That Are IMPOSSIBLE To Find (And How To Catch Them)!
20 Eternal Flower Floette - Pokémon X & Y
It is revealed in Pokémon X & Y that the Kalos region was once savaged by a war which pitted humans and Pokémon against other.
The player encounters a man named AZ who existed during the ancient war and has lingered on for thousands of years. AZ used the life energy of Pokémon to resurrect his beloved Floette, which abandoned him once it had realized how it had been brought back to life.
AZ and his Floette are reunited at the conclusion of Pokémon X & Y's story. Game Freak were originally going to distribute AZ's Floette (known as the Eternal Flower Floette) as an event Pokémon. This version of Floette possessed the unique Fairy-type move known as the Light of Ruin.
The Eternal Flower Floette was never officially distributed, which means that it can only be acquired through hacking Pokémon X & Y.
19 Shiny Zygarde - Pokémon Sun & Moon
A lot of fans assumed that Zygarde would become the mascot of Pokémon Z, which is the theoretical third version of the Kalos games. Pokémon Z never came to pass, but Zygarde received a lot of attention in Pokémon Sun & Moon and Pokémon Ultra Sun & Ultra Moon, which suggests that more was planned for the Pokémon at one point in time.
Zygarde was given two new forms in Pokémon Sun & Moon. All three of these forms are "Shiny-locked" which means that the player can never legitimately encounter a Shiny version of that Pokémon, no matter how many times they reset.
Shiny palettes still exist for these Pokémon, in order to prevent the game from crashing in the event of one of them being encountered. The only way to see a Shiny Zygarde is to hack the game or use a code (with an Action Replay device) to encounter one.
18 CHIKUCHIKU Beedrill - Pokémon Red & Green
The Pokémon games were designed with the idea of cooperating with other people. This is why you can't catch them all without meeting other people who own the game and are willing to trade with you.
Those Pokémon fans without friends (or the dastardly folk playing the games on an emulator) could only get a taste of trading through the ones offered by NPCs. Each Pokémon game has several in-game trades, which might be the only way to catch certain Pokémon, depending on the game in question.
Fans have discovered that there is an unused in-game trade within the Pokémon Red & Green. It was once meant to be possible to trade a Butterfree for a Beedrill named CHIKUCHIKU. This trade also exists in Pokémon Yellow, though the Beedrill is called Marty in the English versions of the game.
A fan discovered a method of accessing these trades in Pokémon Yellow.
17 Mew - Pokémon Red & Blue
The existence of Mew within Pokémon Red & Blue spawned countless fake methods on how to acquire it within the game.
These ranged from using Cut to slash the tires of the van by the S. S. Anne to catching three copies of every Pokémon and inputting a secret code that will let you enter the garden behind Bill's house, where you would encounter a Mew.
Nintendo used to distribute Mew through special live events. As these events no longer occur for Pokémon Red & Blue, you can't catch Mew legitimately in the game.
It is possible to catch a Mew by the time you reach Misty's Gym, through the use of a glitch. It's possible to catch an Abra and use its Teleport ability to escape from battle with a specific trainer so that you will encounter a wild Mew on Route 24.
16 Staryu (With Egg Moves) - Pokémon Gold & Silver
Pokémon Gold & Silver introduced breeding to the series. This is where you leave two compatible Pokémon in a Day Care Center and an egg will magically appear after you take a certain amount of steps.
Pokémon breeding was useful, as you could use a Ditto to create duplicates of hard to find Pokémon, such as the starters. Breeding Pokémon also allowed you to pass moves onto the offspring that they cannot normally acquire.
Staryu was programmed with three obtainable egg moves in Pokémon Gold & Silver that it cannot actually acquire. Staryu was meant to be able to learn Aurora Beam, Barrier, and Supersonic through breeding.
As Staryu is genderless, it can only breed with Ditto, which means that it has no way of accessing these moves without hacking the game.
15 Most Of The Shiny Unown - Pokémon Gold & Silver
Shiny Pokémon were introduced in Pokémon Gold & Silver. It wasn't always possible to tell if the Pokémon was Shiny or not, depending on if you were playing the games on an original Game Boy, as they would appear to be the same color as every other Pokémon of their kind.
It wasn't possible to acquire every Shiny Pokémon in Pokémon Gold & Silver, thanks to a quirk in the programming. The chance of a Pokémon being Shiny or not was determined by the Pokémon's Individual Values, which were set numbers for specific creatures.
In the case of the Unown Pokémon and their variants, it was only possible for two of them to be Shiny. Ironically enough, it was only the I and V versions of Unown that could be Shiny in Pokémon Gold & Silver. You needed to hack the stats of other Unowns to see their Shiny forms.
14 Shiny Spiky-Eared Pichu - Pokémon HeartGold & SoulSilver
It is possible to trade a Pokémon from Ruby & Sapphire to the current generation of games. This requires the use of several specific consoles and cartridges, but it is possible.
You will even receive a special certificate in Pokémon Omega Ruby & Alpha Sapphire for trading a Pokémon in this way.
Pokémon HeartGold & SoulSilver has a Pokémon that cannot be traded outside of the game. The Spiky-eared Pichu was given away as part of a special event and it is forever locked to those games.
The Spiky-eared Pichu has set values which means that it will never be a male or a Shiny Pokémon. A Shiny Palette exists for the Spiky-eared Pichu, which means that you need to hack the game in order to see it.
13 ???? Arceus - Pokémon Diamond & Pearl
One of the most mysterious Pokémon types is ??? which was used exclusively for Curse. The ??? type has no strengths or weaknesses, as no Pokémon was ever assigned to have the type. This wasn't really an issue, as Curse doesn't deal direct damage, which means it doesn't need the benefits of a STAB bonus to make it better.
Arceus has the Multitype Ability, which means that it can change its type depending on the Plate that it has equipped. There are Plates for every single type... except for ???
Arceus still has a unique color palette for its ??? variant, which was likely added to prevent any possibility of the game crashing. As no ??? Plate exists within the game, you need to rely on cheats in order to see/use the mythical ???-type Arceus.
12 Shiny Hoopa & Shiny Volcanion
There have been precious few secrets to Pokémon fans over the years. The fervor created by Mew in Pokémon Red & Blue has caused fans to go sifting through the files of the games in search of more hidden gems. The fact that the Pokémon games have appeared on systems that were easy to emulate made these searches even easier.
The fact that the Nintendo 3DS hadn't been properly hacked yet didn't stop fans from uncovering the secret Legendary Pokémon before they were officially revealed. Hoopa and Volcanion were discovered almost immediately in Pokémon X & Y through the use of save editors.
Hoopa and Volcanion were both Shiny-locked and could only be acquired through events, which means that you have to hack the game in order to see their Shiny forms.
11 Bonus Disc Celebi & Pikachu - Pokémon Colosseum
Pokémon Red & Blue were some of the buggiest games ever made. This prompted Game Freak to put a lot more care into the later games. A few nasty glitches did slip through, such as the infamous Berry Glitch in Pokémon Ruby & Sapphire which prevents berries from growing.
In order to fix this glitch, Game Freak added methods of implementing a patch through later games. One method of doing this required the use of the bonus disc that came with Pokémon Colosseum, which would also grant you a Jirachi.
The Japanese version of the Pokémon Colosseum bonus disc gave you a free Celebi and a special Pikachu. These Pokémon weren't part of the English version of the game, but the events were still programmed into the bonus disc. It is possible to access these downloads through the use of an Action Replay device.
10 Faraway Island Mew - Pokémon Emerald
The secret Legendary Pokémon in Pokémon Red & Blue and Pokémon Gold & Silver were directly given to players at special events.
The method of giving these Pokémon away changed in the third generation of games, as they were already programmed into the game from the start. Game Freak distributed special items that you needed to possess in order to meet the Pokémon.
The special event items are usually distributed to all regions. One of the exceptions to this was the Old Sea Map from Pokémon Emerald, which you could use to travel to a special island that contains a Mew.
This item was only given away to players who attended the Pokémon Festa event in 2005, which was held in Japan. The only way to access the Old Sea Map (and the Mew) was to hack it into your game.
9 The Shiny Legendary Pokémon Of Unova - Pokémon Black & White
While not all Legendary Pokémon are Shiny-locked: you will still have a terrible time trying to acquire the Shiny versions. This is because the chances of encountering a Shiny Pokémon are minuscule. There are ways of increasing your chances, but they are only applicable to Pokémon that can be made through breeding.
You won't be able to reset the game thousands of times to meet the Shiny versions of the mascot Pokémon of Pokémon Black & White, as the encounter with them is an important part of the story and the chances of them being Shiny are set to zero.
You will need to hack the game in order to see them. It became possible to meet Shiny versions of Reshiram and Zekrom in Pokémon Omega Ruby & Alpha Sapphire, but not in their debut games.
8 Nosepass With Head Smash - Pokémon HeartGold & SoulSilver
Nosepass is one of many Pokémon that have been reviled for their design. To many fans, Nosepass and its evolution look like a Moai statue wearing a set of Groucho glasses. It is joined by the likes of Muk and Garbodor among the ranks of Pokémon that are generally ignored for aesthetic reasons.
The people at Game Freak seemed to have let their feelings for Nosepass be known in Pokémon HeartGold & SoulSilver, as it possesses the ability to learn Head Smash through breeding. This is impossible to achieve without hacking, as no Pokémon in the Mineral group possessed this move at the time.
Nosepass lost the ability to learn Head Smash through breeding in Pokémon Black & White. Pokémon from the Mineral group were later given Head Smash, which means that Nosepass could have been able to learn the move in later games if Game Freak hadn't changed things.
7 Charming Snorlax - Pokémon Gold & Silver
The inclusion of unused moves with Staryu could possibly be explained by a late decision to make the Pokémon genderless. Snorlax also possesses the ability to learn Charm through breeding, but it cannot access it, as no other Pokémon can pass it down.
The only Pokémon in Snorlax's egg group in Pokémon Gold & Silver that can pass down Charm is the female version of Nidoran. Egg moves can only be passed down through the father, which means that Snorlax cannot access Charm without hacking.
It would finally become possible to breed a Snorlax with Charm in Pokémon Ruby & Sapphire, as it could acquire the move through breeding a Bulbasaur and passing it down through other Pokémon, which can eventually make its way to a baby Snorlax.
6 Celebi - Pokémon Gold & Silver
Celebi was the secret Legendary Pokémon of the second generation of games. It was given away at events in the same manner that Mew was in Pokémon Red & Blue, though it was possible to encounter it in the Japanese version of Pokémon Crystal through the use of a phone adapter.
You could not access this event in the English language versions of the game, which meant that Celebi was out of the reach of most players.
It was possible to catch a Celebi in Pokémon Gold & Silver through the use of a glitch. The Celebi Egg glitch allows you to breed pretty much any Pokémon in the game, so long as you had access to certain moves.
If you could create a Pokémon that would have Beat Up as its third move when it hatched from an egg, then it was possible to turn the Pokémon into a Celebi.
5 Bug-Catching Contest Venomoth - Pokémon Gold & Silver
One of the biggest new additions to Pokémon Gold & Silver was an active clock that came with a day/night cycle. This meant that certain events would only happen on certain days, while some Pokémon would only come out during specific times of the day.
One of the timed events that happened in Pokémon Gold & Silver was the Bug-Catching Contest, which was only held on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. The player was limited to the Bug-type Pokémon that could be encountered in Johto's National Park.
It was originally possible to encounter a Venomoth during the Bug-Catching Contest, but this is technically impossible due to a programming oversight, which gives you a -1% of meeting Venomoth. Fans have since discovered a way to make it possible to encounter Venomoth during the Contest with the use of a Gameshark code.
4 Shiny Manaphy - Pokémon Diamond & Pearl
There have been lots of different Pokémon spinoff games over the years, to the point where they far outnumber the main games in the series. The main Pokémon games have rarely interacted with these titles, save for the Pokémon Stadium games and some planned connection to Pokémon Go that was never officially activated in the latest games.
The Pokémon Ranger games have had the capacity to pass rare Pokémon into the main games. This was the only way to acquire a Manaphy (outside of trading) in Pokémon Diamond & Pearl.
Manaphy is Shiny-locked, but it is possible to acquire a Shiny Manaphy through an oversight in the game's programming. This requires the player to trade the egg before it hatches, which gives it a chance to avoid the Shiny-lock. You still have the same minuscule chance to create a Shiny Pokémon, so it could take a while.
3 Gamestop Celebi - Pokémon Diamond & Pearl
As the technology of Nintendo's handheld consoles improved, the methods through which event Pokémon were distributed began to increase. When the Pokémon series moved to the Nintendo DS, it became possible to distribute Pokémon through the use of the system's wireless capabilities.
The secret Legendary Pokémon would often be distributed through special DS cartridges that were sent to stores. Gamestop held a lot of these distribution events, which resulted in a specific Pokémon being sent out early.
A version of Celebi was included on one of the Gamestop cartridges, but its distribution event was canceled and a different Celebi was given away at a later date. The files of all of the distribution cartridges have since been leaked online, which means that you can access this Celebi through the use of a flash cart device.
2 Arceus - Pokémon Diamond & Pearl
The most powerful event Legendary Pokémon of all time is Arceus. It was meant to be encountered in Pokémon Diamond & Pearl, but the item that was meant to be used to find it was never distributed. Arceus was given away through a separate event, but you can't access the one within the game without cheating.
Game Freak was originally going to give away an item called the Azure Flute. You were originally meant to play the Azure Flute on top of the Spear Pillar, which created a staircase that would allow you to ascend to the Hall of Origin, where you will encounter Arceus.
No one is sure why the Azure Flute was never distributed. It has been suggested that Game Freak might have gotten cold feet over the religious connotations of the original Arecus encounter and scrapped it at a later date.
1 Bart The Mew - Pokémon Yellow
The in-game trades in Pokémon Red & Blue gave you access to Pokémon that you couldn't find anywhere else in the game. These trades encouraged the player to seek out certain Pokémon and in some cases cause them to evolve in order to make them suitable for trading with the NPC trainers.
Pokémon Yellow has three unused trades, two of which require you to trade a Pokémon for the exact same kind of creature. These trades are possibly a leftover from a testing stage of development. It was once going to be possible to trade a Pidgeot for a Pidgeot, and a Mew for a Mew.
If you can find the way to access the unused in-game trades within Pokémon Yellow, then you can swap a Mew for another Mew named Bart. The method for acquiring this Mew requires a lot of messing around with the code of the game to access the trade, but it is possible to get a Mew this way.
Can you think of any other Pokémon that are impossible to catch that we forgot? Sound off in the comments!


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Get ready to Witness the incredible vocal talent of Arnold McCuller live in concert.
Fresh off the road from touring as a featured vocalist with Phil Collins, James Taylor and Bonnie Raitt, Arnold is performing a rare solo performance at The Heights at Brother Vic's.
Joining Arnold is the producer, co-writer and instrumentalist for his most recent album Witness, Matt Cusson on keyboards and vocals. Matt is a past recipient of the John Lennon Songwriters Award and currently up for the award again in the field of R&B. Matt has recorded and toured with Stevie Wonder, James Taylor, the Roots, Babyface, Christina Aguilera, India Arie and more.
Renowned drummer Jerry Marotta will provide the backbeat of the band. Jerry has toured and recorded with Peter Gabriel, Paul McCartney, Hall & Oates, Indigo Girls, Sarah McLachlan, John Mayer and many more. He's currently involved with the Marotta Brothers featuring his brother Rick, The Fragile Fate, Security Project, and album with Flav Martin.
Along with Jerry, Jennifer Maidman will provide the other half of the rhythm section on bass. Jennifer has toured and recorded with Joan Armatrading, David Sylvian, The Penguin Cafe Orchestra, Shakespears Sister, The Proclaimers, Gerry Rafferty, Loudon Wainwright, and Boy George.
Rounding out the band is jazz guitarist Matt Finck. The other Matt has recorded and performed with Steve Wilson, Dennis Mackrel, Randy Brecker, John Medeski, the Hudson Valley Philharmonic with Ronan Tynan and Chris Barron (of the Spindoctors)in addition to leading his own funk band Fat Mink.
Join us for a special night of music from one of the most in-demand signers in the music industry.
Get ready to Witness the incredible vocal talent of Arnold McCuller live in concert.