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Canadian music icon Stompin' Tom Connors has died at the age of 77.
A release on the folk musician's website confirms that Connors died of natural causes at his home in Ontario.
Long-time friend Brian Edwards said the musician, rarely seen without his signature black cowboy hat and stomping cowboy boots, knew his health was declining and penned a message for his fans a few days before his death.
"I know Tom loved the fans more than anything. He's probably one of the few artists that built his whole life around fans and nothing else,'' Edwards said.
"The man stood for everything that Canada stood for and he was very adamant that he stayed a Canadian and made it very apparent that he never left the country to advance his career and stayed very, very true to who he was.''
Story continues below slideshow.
In the letter posted on his official website, Connors issued a final thank you to his fans, to whom he credited his entire career.
"I want all my fans, past, present, or future, to know that without you, there would have not been any Stompin' Tom,'' Connors wrote.
"It was a long hard bumpy road, but this great country kept me inspired with its beauty, character, and spirit, driving me to keep marching on and devoted to sing about its people and places that make Canada the greatest country in the world.''
The musician said he hoped his work would continue to ``bring a little bit of cheer'' into people's lives even after his death and called on his fans to continue to bring Canadiana to the world.
"I must now pass the torch, to all of you, to help keep the Maple Leaf flying high, and be the Patriot Canada needs now and in the future.''
Connors is survived by his wife Lena, two sons, two daughters and several grandchildren.
Dubbed Stompin' Tom for his propensity to pound the floor with his left foot during performances, Connors garnered a devoted following through straight-ahead country-folk tunes that drew inspiration from his extensive travels and focused on the everyman.
Although wide commercial appeal escaped Connors for much of his four-decade career, his heritage-soaked songs like "Canada Day, Up Canada Way,'' "The Hockey Song,'' "Bud the Spud,'' and "Sudbury Saturday Night,'' have come to be regarded as veritable national anthems thanks to their unabashed embrace of all things Canadiana.
As word spread of his death, Canadians from across the country began mourning his loss.
On Twitter, Prime Minister Stephen Harper said ``we have lost a true Canadian original. R.I.P. Stompin' Tom Connors. You played the best game that could be played.''
The National Hockey League tweeted "Sad to hear that legendary Canadian Stompin' Tom Connors has passed. His legacy lives on in arenas every time 'The Hockey Song' is played.''
At the Air Canada Centre in Toronto many fans took to their feet as "The Hockey Song'' was played after Connors' death was announced.
Despite status as a Canadian musical icon, Connors often complained that not enough songs were being written about his homeland.
"I don't know why I seem to be the only one, or almost the only one, writing about this country,'' Connors said in a rare one-on-one interview at his home in Halton Hills, Ont., in 2008.
"It just amazes me that I've been going so long I would think that somebody else (would have) picked up the torch a long time ago and started writing tons of songs about this country. This country is the most underwritten country in the world as far as songs are concerned. We starve, the people in this country are starving for songs about their homeland.''
Connors' fervent patriotism brought controversy when his principles put him at loggerheads with the Canadian music industry.
In 1978, he famously returned a handful of Juno Awards he had amassed in previous years, complaining that some artists were being awarded in categories outside their genre while other winners had conducted most of their work outside of the country. He derided artists that moved to the United States as ``border jumpers.''
"I feel that the Junos should be for people who are living in Canada, whose main base of business operations is in Canada, who are working toward the recognition of Canadian talent in this country and who are trying to further the export of such talent from this country to the world with a view to proudly showing off what this country can contribute to the world market,'' he said in a statement at the time.
The declaration marked the beginning of a 10-year self-imposed exile from the spotlight.
From Connors' earliest days, life was a battle.
He was born in Saint John, N.B., on Feb. 9, 1936 to an unwed teenage mother. According to his autobiography, "Before the Fame,'' he often lived hand-to-mouth as a youngster, hitchhiking with his mother from the age of three, begging on the street by the age of four. At age eight, he was placed in the care of Children's Aid and adopted a year later by a family in Skinner's Pond, P.E.I. He ran away four years later to hitchhike across the country.
Connors bought his first guitar at age 14 and picked up odd jobs as he wandered from town to town, at times working on fishing boats, as a grave digger, tobacco picker and fry cook.
Legend has it that Connors began his musical career when he found himself a nickel short of a beer at the Maple Leaf Hotel in Timmins, Ont., in 1964 at age 28.
The bartender agreed to give him a drink if he would play a few songs but that turned into a 14-month contract to play at the hotel. Three years later, Connors made his first album and garnered his first hit in 1970 with "Bud The Spud.''
Hundreds more songs followed, many based on actual events, people, and towns he had visited.
"I'm a man of the land, I go out into the country and I talk to people and I know the jobs they do and how they feel about their jobs,'' Connors has said.
"And I've been doing that all my life so I know Canada like the palm of my hand. I don't need a map to go anywhere in Canada, I know it all.''
In 1988, Connors emerged from his decade-long protest with the album "Fiddle and Song,'' featuring a new fiddle style and the songs "Canada Day, Up Canada Way,'' "Lady kd lang,'' and ``I Am the Wind.'' It was followed in 1990 by a 70-city Canadian tour that established him as one of the country's best loved troubadours.
But his strong convictions about the music industry remained. Connors declined induction into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame in 1993.
Accolades he did embrace included an appointment to the Order of Canada in 1996, and his own postage stamp.
"Whatever I do, in my writing, I do it for others,'' Connors said in the 2008 interview. "I do it for my country and I do it for my countrymen and that's the only value that I really have. If there was no money in this, I'd be doing it anyway. I've always been that way. Because it's what I am.'"
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Rep. Loretta Sanchez offered a scathing indictment of the Pentagon's response to the sex abuse scandal at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, comparing it to the abuse cases in the Roman Catholic Church.
"People need to realize that whether it's rape or sexual assault actually, that that is a crime," the California Democrat said Wednesday when asked to outline the changes she'd make to prevent what she has previously described as an epidemic of sexual assault in the military. "You do not move the guy to some other unit such as the Catholic Church did. That is incorrect."
Story Continued Below
Sanchez's comments came during POLITICO Pro's P2012 Policy and Politics Defense luncheon. Asked if she believed the Air Force had adequately responded to sex abuses at Lackland, the Air Force's only basic training school, Sanchez said flatly, "Certainly not."
"The response is not enough. There needs to be more," she said.
Sanchez, a member of the House Armed Services Committee — along with Democratic Reps. Susan Davis and Jackie Speier, both also of California — traveled earlier this year to Lackland to meet with victims of the scandal.
The Pentagon did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Sanchez's accusations. But in November, the Air Force released its report on the Lackland Air Force base scandal, finding that nearly 50 female students were the victims of sexual assault or abuse by at least 23 instructors.
Sanchez said the military's policy of zero tolerance for sexual assault — one that Defense Secretary Leon Panetta has touted — must be strengthened and be more than just a repeated platitude.
"When we say zero tolerance, we need to mean that, which means our prosecutions need to get better, our way of getting evidence has to be better and we certainly have to move out the type of things that were happening in Lackland," Sanchez said. "You cannot have 10 years of grooming women and moving them around between people, men, in this case, eight to 10 people who were there for a long time without anybody realizing what's going on."
According to the Department of Defense, as many as one in three servicewomen have reported having been sexually assaulted. In 2010, according to a DoD report, there were 19,000 assaults.
The sex abuse scandal at Lackland is one of the largest sex scandals in the U.S. military's recent history. In 1996, a dozen male soldiers were charged with abusing several dozen women at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. In 1991, more than 80 women — some in the Navy — reported being harassed or assaulted during several days of drunken behavior at the annual convention of the Tailhook Association in Las Vegas.
This article first appeared on POLITICO Pro at 4:42 p.m. on December 12, 2012.

subset: commoncrawl


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DeVotchKa Recording Brand New Album
These are exciting times for exotic Denver based rock outfit DeVotchKa. The unique and original band, which got it 's start backing burlesque shows, has evolved into one of the most electrifying and original rock acts in action today. The group recently headed into Wavelab Studio in Tucson to record a follow up to their critically heralded Anti-Records debut A Mad and Faithful Telling which Spin described as "a sultry brew of Gypsy, Mexican, and pop ingredients... unexpectedly moving, 4 Stars!."
The band also provided a Grammy nominated soundtrack to the academy award winning film Little Miss Sunshine. Since then DeVotchKa frontman Nick Urata has composed soundtracks for several other high profile films including the upcoming prison romance I Love You Phillip Morris starring Ewan McGregor and Jim Carrey.
The band just wrapped a nationwide tour with gypsy rockers, Gogol Bordello. A live performance from the tour as well an insightful interview with the band appeared this week on Philadelphia's WHYY's Arts and Culture program On Canvas .The segment is available for viewing at the On Canvas site at http://www.whyy.org/artsandculture/oncanvas.html
And if all that wasn't enough, this last week found DeVotchKa performing to a crowd of over ninety thousand at a sold out show in the Stade de France soccer arena in Paris with Muse. Devotchka will appear at Mishawaka Amphitheater in Ft. Collins Colorado August 28th.


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How would the current government shutdown affect average Americans?
�The answer is that unless you�re taking a vacation to a national park or Washington, D.C., or visiting the national museums in the next few days, you�re probably not going to notice it,� said Emory University political scientist and poli-sci professor Alan Abramowitz. �Some services will be affected, but mostly we�ll feel it indirectly or not until later.�
Think of the shutdown like water starting to freeze. The effects will spread the longer the shutdown stays in place.
Mary Noble, senior editor of Politix.Topix.com, said, �The first people to notice the shutdown will be the 800,000 federal employees who will be sent home when the shutdown begins. Their pay will stop immediately � which they will certainly notice.�
No effect on ACA
When the 2013 fiscal year ended Tuesday at midnight, a partial government shutdown occurred. Essential government services will continue, but many federal programs and activities stopped Tuesday and will not restart until a new deal is in place.
While the timing coincides with the launch of marketplaces and enrollment for the Affordable Care Act, or �Obamacare,� that won�t be affected.
�Most of Obamacare, including the government-run insurance exchanges, has a guaranteed revenue stream,� Noble said. The state-run exchanges for the uninsured opened as scheduled Tuesday.
Shutdowns are expensive
As the economy shows signs of recovery, the shutdown surely comes at a bad time. The two previous shutdowns, in late 1995 and early 1996, cost the country $1.4 billion, according to the Congressional Research Service.
Even a brief shutdown of two or three days would negatively affect our economic growth, Abramowitz said.
�When you�re laying off hundreds of thousands of people and reducing the government payroll by that much, there will be a negative impact on economic growth and jobs,� he said.
A shutdown of a month could push the country back into recession.
�All Americans will be affected by the pay stoppage for 800,000 federal workers. It�s basically the same as if 800,000 people lost their jobs in a single month. It will certainly slow economic growth,� Noble said.
Closed for business
Many, if not most, government offices are closed for business. About 40 percent of the nation�s 2 million federal workers will be furloughed. Vacationers won�t be able to visit a national park or the Smithsonian, tour Alcatraz or get a passport. Foreign visitors will not be able to obtain a visa. Federal regulatory agencies, such as IRS call centers and offices that handle federal grants and contracts, will close. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will likely close its doors as flu season begins.
There are notable exceptions: You�ll still get your mail because the Post Office is run as an independent corporation. Social Security and Medicare will continue to arrive because those programs don�t require annual appropriations. Public safety workers from meat inspectors to air traffic controllers, the military and federal prison guards will stay on the job. The courts can stay open, too, using money collected through fees and fines.
Effects over time
While at first many people won�t notice much change, the effects will trickle down as the number of federal employees still at work won�t be able to handle the workload. For instance, the IRS employs 94,516 people. Of that only 9.3 percent are exempted from furlough, leaving 8,752 at their desks.
Government business will take longer. For instance, veterans appealing the denial of disability benefits will have to wait longer for a decision because the Board of Veterans Appeals would not issue any decisions during a shutdown.
Need a loan?
The shutdown will hurt the housing market, which is driving economic recovery. People hoping for federal home loans will have to wait, as will those applying for small business loans from the government.
Veterans will feel it
�Military service members may stop getting paid if the shutdown lasts longer than a week, because there�ll be no one to process their paychecks,� Noble said. �The Veterans Affairs Department will run out of money to pay disability and survivors� compensation and pensions to over 3.5 million low-income veterans.�
Bad for all of us
What�s bad for the economy is bad for America, the experts agreed. The shutdown �is just a clear sign � another sign � that our system of government is rather dysfunctional right now,� Abramowitz said.
What about the debt ceiling?
A failure to raise the debt limit could have very serious economic consequences, said Emory University political scientist and poli-sci professor Alan Abramowitz.
�More ominously, GOP leaders in the House of Representatives, responding to growing pressure from conservatives within their own caucus, are now threatening to refuse to agree to an increase in the debt ceiling, which will be necessary before the end of October for the government to continue paying its bills,� said Abramowitz, a national political expert. �This could lead to the first-ever default by the United States on its debt with potentially far-reaching economic consequences.�
He says the push by some Republicans in the House of Representatives to defund the Affordable Care Act is part of a range of actions designed to please the Republican base, but it may dim their appeal in next year�s midterm elections, when control of both the House and Senate are up for grabs.
�Polls show that most voters would probably blame the GOP more than congressional Democrats or the White House in the event of a government shutdown, as they did the last time such a confrontation occurred under President Bill Clinton in the 1990s,� Abramowitz says.
�And if Republicans are seen as responsible for a default on the debt, that could be even more damaging to the party,� he adds. �It�s a high-stakes game of chicken, and Americans will be watching over the next few weeks to see which side blinks first.�
How a government shutdown could affect you
How would the current government shutdown affect average Americans?


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Vice President - Program
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
Crew officers include the: Crew President, VP-Administration, VP-Program, Crew Secretary, and Crew Treasurer.
| Crew First Vice
President - Program
|Serving as Vice President - Program can apply towards Positions of Responsibility requirementss for Star, Life, and Eagle.
Position description
The program vice president is elected by the youth members and is the administrative officer of the crew. He or she manages the development of a good program, based on meeting the needs of the members by asking what they want their crew to do. This vice president maintains the activity file of programs, projects, and trips then formulates a file of ideas for future activities using the responses from interest surveys. He or she maintains and publishes the crew calendar and coordinates with school and community calendars to avoid scheduling conflicts.
The adult Associate Advisor for program assists the program vice presidents in his or her duties.
Reports to
- Serves as the program officer of the crew and, in that position, arranges the program planning process for the crew.
- Collects and maintains a crew activity file consisting of the program capability inventory, a list of crew member interests and suggestions for activities, program resources, and an annual activity schedule.
- Determines the interests of the crew members on an ongoing basis (using Venturing activity interest surveys).
- Provides support for the chair and committee for each activity.
- Maintains and up-to-date calendar of crew meetings and activities.
- Sets an example by following the rules of the crew.
- Wears the uniform appropriate to the Venturing crew.
- Learns and lives by the Scout Oath and the Scout Law.
- Approaches and encourages others to approach Venturing activities in the spirit of fun and enjoyment.
As a Crew Officer:
- Foster and develops an environment within the crew that has a true sense of community, that encourages growth and responsibility to one another.
- Works in a spirit of partnership with the Crew Advisor.
- Assists in developing a program of activities for the crew help carry them out.
- Upholds the standards and policies of the chartered organization and the Boy Scouts of America.
- Ensures that activities are conducted within BSA safety guidelines and requirements.
- Cultivates the capacity to enjoy life - have fun and explore while leading.
The Vice President - Program is the second-highest youth leader in its unit. Other second youth leaders are:
- Assistant Senior Patrol Leader – Scouts BSA
- Vice President - Administration – Venturing
- Vice President - Program – Venturing
- Boatswain's mate – Sea Scouting
- Administrative Vice President – Exploring
- Program Vice President – Exploring
See also
|Venturing portal
- Positions of Responsibility
- Venturing
- Venturing Gold Award
- Venturing Silver Award
- Star Rank
- Life Rank
- Eagle Scout Rank
Crew Positions of Responsibility and Adult Advisers
|Crew Officers:
|President • Vice President - Administration • Vice President - Program • Secretary • Treasurer
|Special crew officers:
|Crew Guide • Quartermaster • Historian
|Other crew officers:
|Musician • Den Chief
|Advisor • Associate Advisor(s) • Crew Committee Secretary • Crew Committee Treasurer


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Cycling Skills
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
(Redirected from Cycling Special Needs)
Cycling, First Aid, Navigation, Outdoor skills, Scout skills, Swimming, and Wilderness Survival skills.
Cycling Skills and bicycle maintenance are important parts of the Cub Scout, Webelos, and Boy Scout programs:
While your handbook is your primary resource, the links below can help you learn Cycling Skills. The only resources recommended by the BSA are those in the BSA materials. See the Disclaimers. See the Cycling Merit Badge pamphlet and Guide to Safe Scouting.
Cycling Special Needs
Cycling can be an excellent activity for Scouts with Special Needs depending upon limitations set by their medical professionals that should be noted on their Medical Records.
The Boy Scout Cycling Merit Badge does not specify the type of cycle that is to be used. Scouts have completed Cycling Merit Badge using traditional bicycles, specially adapted bicycles, handcycles, three-wheel bicycles, and quadracycles. Local riding clubs, national organizations, and manufactures can assist those who are blind, deaf, paralyzed, or who have other special needs.
Bike Safety
Bike Trip Planning
Bike Helmet
REI Video: Helmets • Fit a bicycle helmet • Bicycle Safety: Helmet
Cycling Equipment
Bike Riding Skills
Bike Repair Kit
Bike Setup
Bike Maintenance
Bike Tires
Bike Chain
Oil a bicycle chain • Fix a bicycle chain • How to Fix a Bike Chain That Has Fallen Off • Bicycle Maintenance: Chain Lube
Bike Gears
Bike Handlebars
Bike Brakes
Bike Seat
Bike Headset
Bike Rodeo
See also
Disclaimer: This information is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, or formal training. Please note that the only materials recommended by the Boy Scouts of America are those found or listed in official BSA materials such as the current Cycling Merit Badge Pamphlet or the Boy Scout Handbook. Cycling Skills recommendations are constantly being revised. Neither MeritBadge.Org, nor its contributors make any recommendations. See the Guide to Safe Scouting.


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Cornice A Giorno 30x40 - Cornici 30x40part ofCornici 30x40. Cornici 30x40 is one in our collection.
We choose the image option for display We taken notice of you to provide a good picture and with high definition (HD). If you wish to keep this image right click on the picture. Select "Save As.." and than choose the positioning or the folder where do you want to keep this picture, .Jpg is a default format picture, you can also change the format picture, the way is at will save in storage area the image can truly add expansion or add other extension as .png .jpeg, then you will get image Cornice A Giorno 30x40 with the image resolution are equal to in your personal computer.
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Are you in need of factual details about Dirk Abels? Then you have come to the right place as USA People Search specifically provides data such as address, phone number, and email for people like Dirk Abels. Moreover, with our large collection of information for anyone with the last name Abels, you are sure to find your family or friends.
To make things easier for our users to find the precise Dirk they are in search of, we have collected our data into four categories – name/aliases, age, location and possible relatives. This allows you to quickly look at all the people with the last name Abels below and establish which listing is the best match. If you find a listing that looks like the Dirk Abels you are hunting for, simply click the View Details link to the right of the listing to view all of the information we deliver on the person.
If it's a little difficult for you to locate the Dirk you are looking for, you can try once more with the help of the search box above. A different spelling variation could help, but you'll also need to make sure that you type in the person's correct full name. Once you are able to find the exact Dirk Abels you want, examine the details page to avail of all the data we provide.
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From MeritBadgeDotOrg
|◀Prev - Next ▶
|Gardening merit badge
|Renamed from:
|BSA Advancement ID:
|Requirements revision:
|Latest pamphlet revision:
|Humans have been growing plants for thousands of years. Farmers and horticulturists make their living growing food and other plants, while other people grow gardens for pleasure. Becoming a good gardener requires a Scout to understand the science of growing plants—how to prepare the soil, how to select and plant seeds, and how to care for the growing plants.
The Gardening merit badge was one of the original 57 merit badges issued by the Boy Scouts of America in 1911.
Gardening replaced the 1910 Gardener "Badge of Merit".
Gardening is one of the elective merit badges for the William T. Hornaday awards for Scouts BSA.
Gardening merit badge requirements
View the change list (history) of these requirements. The text of these requirements may be locked. In that case, they can only be edited by an administrator.
Please note any errors found in the above requirements on this article's Talk Page.
- Gardening is a rare merit badge!
Requirement resources
- 2: The Food Coach: Food Value Database
- 3: How to Test Seeds for Germination
- 5: Common Garden Pests A comprehensive guide on garden pests and how to get rid of them.
- 6a: How to Build a Compost Bin Several designs from the University of Missouri.
- 6c: Building a Floating Hydroponic Garden From the University of Florida.
- 6d: How to Build a Water Garden Illustrated.
Related awards
|Hobby-related awards
The Gardener Merit Badge was one of the original merit badges from the 1910 BSA Handbook. It was renamed to Gardening in 1911
See also
|General Merit Badge information
External links
- American Horticultural Society
- Aquaculture Information Network
- Common Garden Pests
- Home and Garden Television
- Garden Web
- Growing Herbs in the Home Garden
- The Garden Gate
- The Gardener's Guide to Finding Answers on the Internet
- Master Gardeners
- National Gardening Association
- Old Farmer's Almanac
- Trust for Public Land
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- U.S. National Arboretum
- World Aquaculture Society
- USDA National Organic Program
- World's Healthiest Foods


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A Washington County judge on Wednesday reversed an earlier ruling and opened a legal agreement involving a Mt. Pleasant Township family that claimed nearby Marcellus Shale gas drilling caused them harm.
"This court found no case establishing a constitutional right of privacy for businesses," Washington County President Judge Debbie O'Dell Seneca wrote in her opinion overturning former Judge Paul Pozonsky's sealing of the record 18 months ago.
The total settlement with Stephanie and Chris Hallowich was $750,000, according to court documents obtained Wednesday by Observer Publishing Co.'s attorney, Colin Fitch, who was one of two lawyers seeking access to the sealed records on behalf of the Observer-Reporter and the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
The Hallowiches drew wide attention and they and their children were the subject of news reports by CBS, National Geographic Daily News, Reuters U.S. edition and the British Broadcasting Corp. in addition to local and regional news reports.
In a court document related to the settlement agreement signed in August 2011 by Pozonsky, the amount deducted for attorneys' fees to a Conshohocken, Montgomery County, firm was $150,000. Reimbursement for the law firm's cost was $5,179, leaving $594,820 for Stephanie and Chris Hallowich. Gas companies that are defendants in the litigation are Range Resources, MarkWest Energy Partners and Williams Gas/Laurel Mountain Midstream.
From that, the parents decided to apportion $10,000 to each child, which they would place in a trust or annuity account.
In regards to their children, Nathan and Alyson, both minors, a court document signed by the family's attorney states, "There is presently no medical evidence that support these claims are related to any exposure to the activities of defendants."
But the litigants established an arbitration process to "assess and adjudicate any possible future claims of personal injury for Mr. and Mrs. Hallowich and their children, including medical examinations of the children."
Inside the 56-page Washington County Court record Fitch opened Wednesday, however, was a page marked, "Exhibit B (Filed Under Seal)," but no accompanying document, which is believed to be the actual settlement agreement.
Fitch said he and Frederick Frank, attorney for the Post-Gazette, were on Wednesday preparing a letter to the natural gas companies "asking them to produce this document in short order. If they fail to do so, we will go to court to force the companies to turn over the agreement."
Until Wednesday, the only clue of the Hallowich's settlement was sale of their home and 10-acre property at 31 McCarrell Road, Hickory, in October 2011 to Range Resources Corp. for $550,000. The amount, and the fact that the Hallowiches retained oil and gas rights to the property, was part of the public record of the transfer tax on the property.
Pozonsky also heard a request in February 2012 from the Hallowiches for limited unsealing of the agreement. They claimed the seal was breached when the property transaction became public. The actual price, according to a petition the Hallowiches filed with the court, was $100.
"We view one of our roles at the newspaper as a proponent of Right to Know. The complete Hallowich settlement with Range Resources should be part of the public record," said Lucy Northrop Corwin, Observer-Reporter director of news.
The Hallowiches purchased property in Mt. Pleasant Township in 2005, built a home and moved there in 2007.
They said in court documents they did not know that the prior owner of the property leased or sold adjacent property to natural gas companies so that gas could be extracted. The Hallowiches also said they did not know there was also a lease to mineral rights under their home.
Real estate professionals told the Hallowiches that what the couple referred to as their dream home was virtually "unsellable." They orginally demanded a jury trial. They drafted, but did not file, a complaint that added their children as plaintiffs in the case.
The settlement ended the lawsuit in which the Hallowiches claimed that nearby drilling operations, a compressor station and a gas processing plant made their property that they purchased in 2005 worthless and posed health risks to their family.
The natural gas companies "have failed to oppose (the) press' motion to unseal the record under" case law," O'Dell Seneca wrote.
Corporations, companies and partnership have no spiritual nature, feelings, intellect, beliefs, thoughts, emotions or sensations because they do not exist in the manner that humankind exists … They cannot be 'let alone' by government because businesses are but grapes, ripe upon the vine of the law, that the people of this Commonwealth raise, tend and prune at their pleasure and need.
"Therefore, this court must grant those motions and reverse (Pozonsky's) Aug. 23, 2011, order, unless a higher authority forestalls the common law's application."
The decision became the responsibility of O'Dell Seneca after the state Superior Court said Pozonsky erred in ordering that the Hallowich case "be sealed indefinitely in its entirety" without first holding a hearing. The appellate court sent the case back to Washington County court in December, nearly six months after Pozonsky resigned from the bench amid reports of a state grand jury investigation.
"It was a scholarly opinion that weighed the constitutional issues and came down on the side of the public's right to know," Fitch said of O'Dell Seneca's 32-page opinion and order.
"After all, this is a taxpayer-funded court that exists to serve the public. Unless there is a serious privacy issue, the presumption of openness applies and the record should be open to both the public and the press," he continued.
O'Dell Seneca discussed the press' and the public's right of access: "The press' investigative role is itself a constitutional and common law bulwark, safeguarding the courts from lapsing into the clandestine abuse found in PA Childcare LLC, known as the Luzerne County Cash for Kids scandal," Judge O'Dell Seneca wrote.
"It is not 'mere curiosity' as (the natural gas firms) contend."
Matt Pitzarella, spokesman for Range Resources, did not respond Wednesday to an emailed request for comment.


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KENOSHA, Wis. (AP) — Rob Zerban, the Democrat who lost to U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan by 12 percentage points in last year's election, said Thursday he'll try again in 2014 to unseat the eight-term Republican congressman.
Zerban has spent the last few months meeting with community groups across southeastern Wisconsin, and said wherever he went voters encouraged him to take another shot at representing the 1st Congressional District.
"For a long time (voters) had this image of (Ryan) as this nice guy from next door and they didn't pay attention to his partisan votes in D.C. And he'd come back in the district and talk a very moderate game. But he's been anything but," Zerban said. "And I think a lot of the people in the 1st District have started to see his true colors."
Ryan has for years been seen as a rising star in the Republican Party. He was Mitt Romney's vice presidential candidate during the 2012 elections and gained prominence, as chairman of the powerful House Budget Committee, after drawing up an austere budget blueprint that called for reshaping Medicare and keeping tax breaks that were set to expire.
Zerban said Ryan's budget, which wasn't popular with Democrats, was especially hurtful because it targeted programs for the poor. Some were the same programs that Zerban, 45, said his family relied on when he was young.
He recalled his single mother qualifying for food stamps but being too embarrassed to use them at a grocery store where people might know her. He described having to get a token from his school principal every day to redeem for a free lunch. And he recalled wearing hand-me-down jeans that were so threadbare that his mother had to sew patches over the holes.
"Seeing the budget and what (Ryan) was doing was really the impetus for me really getting involved in the race," Zerban said.
A message left with Ryan's campaign Thursday was not immediately returned.
Ryan beat Zerban last year 55 percent to 43 percent, marking Ryan's smallest margin of victory since he first won his congressional seat in 1998. The race came just two years after Ryan posted his most dominant victory with 68 percent of the vote.
But Ryan was and remains a formidable fundraiser, having brought in $4.9 million during the last race compared to $2.3 million for Zerban. In the third quarter of 2013, Ryan raised $824,000 and now has $2.6 million in the bank — both significant amounts, especially for a non-election year.
Last year, Zerban lent his campaign $120,000 from his own pocket. He declined to say how much he's prepared to invest in the next race.
Zerban, who served two terms on the Kenosha County Board, has started two small businesses, including a food service that served corporations in suburban Chicago. He said the experience of running his own start-up and hiring 45 employees gave him economic insight that Ryan, a career politician, lacks.
Zerban said he'd push for Ryan to debate him on economic policy, which the congressman declined to do last time.
"It bothers me that he has this label as an economic wonk," Zerban said. "... I'd like to get him on a stage and pick him apart."
Zerban was Ryan's only Democratic challenger last year, though he might face a competitor in a primary next year. Amar Kaleka, the son of a slain Sikh temple president, also told the AP he plans to run as a Democrat.
Zerban said he didn't know enough about Kaleka to comment on his candidacy.


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Difference between revisions of "Tipping"
Revision as of 12:11, 16 August 2011
This article is a travel topic
Tipping varies extensively among cultures. Though by definition a tip is never legally required, and its amount is at the discretion of the one being served, for travellers it can cause some serious dilemmas. In some circumstances failing to give an adequate tip when one is expected to is a serious faux pas, and may be considered very miserly, a violation of etiquette, or unethical. In some other cultures or situations, giving a tip is not expected and offering one would be considered at best odd and at worst condescending or demeaning. In some cultures it might be seen as a bribe, and in some circumstances (for example tipping government workers), tipping can even be illegal.
In most countries service personnel is getting paid enough to live from, and they do not have to rely on tips. While intentions are clearly good, (mostly North American) tourists sometimes are not aware of this, (or they know, but they just feel bad not tipping), and they export their generous behaviour to other countries where tipping traditionally is not customary, especially to tourist areas. Of course, this is quickly accepted (how would you react if someone gave you extra money) and creates expectations that were not there before.
If you are tipping in a foreign country, ask yourself what that amout means for the one you are giving it to, not how much (or how little) it is for you. In some countries people get occasionally tipped a month's salary. While this definitely is cool for them, it can cause serious trouble. Think a waiter earning more than the chief of police...
Another problem is that, while tipping was originally intended to improve service, some employees use it to underpay workers with the expectation that tips will make up the difference. Good examples for this can be found in Namibia, even at government-owned facilities.
In countries where tipping is expected (the US for example, where service personnel depends on it), complicated unofficial standards and customs have developed over the exact percentage to tip, and what should and should not be included in this calculation. In other countries and cultures the topic is way more relaxed. It is not easy for the traveller to know what to expect when the go to a foreign country. The idea of this article is to have some basic idea of the customs in other countries before you go there and embarrass yourself:
Burkina Faso
Central African Republic
Congo, The Democratic Republic of
Cote d'Ivoire
Tipping in Egypt can be tricky. Most public bathrooms are staffed, and visitors are expected to tip the attendant. Some restroom attendants, especially at tourist sites, will dole out toilet paper based on the tip they receive. Foreigners may be especially susceptible to this, and although some locals ask or demand tips, they are often not warranted.
There is no rule for what is considered tip-worthy, so one must be ready to hand out an Egyptian pound or two just in case, to use the bathroom, for instance. For services such as tour guides or translators, a tip of 20% or more is generally expected. Taxi drivers provide service based upon agreed prices rather than the more objective meter system used in some other countries, so tipping is not expected when using a taxi service, though tips are certainly accepted if offered. Tips are expected at restaurants, and can range from a few pounds to 15%.
Equatorial Guinea
In Ethiopia tipping is common in hotels, restaurants and bars. One is also expected to tip parking lot attendants whether officially hired by institutions or self assigned. In some restaurants it is customary to tip any dancers, and this is usually done by sticking the paper money bill on the forehead of the dancer.
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Saint Helena
Sao Tome And Principe
Sierra Leone
South Africa
In South Africa, the customary tip at restaurants is 10 percent, although some restaurants charge a mandatory service fee for large parties. A small amount is occasionally given to petrol station attendants for additional services, such as cleaning one's windscreen. Toilet cleaners at service stations along major road routes are sometimes tipped when they provide good service and keep the facilities clean. "Car guards", who claim to "look after" one's parked car are often given a small tip if they are in uniform and authorized; however those without uniforms are usually regarded as a nuisance, and tipping them is not compulsory, despite the fact that they often harass motorists looking for payment.
The 10% tipping rule also applies when taking a taxi. As most cabs work with cash only, it's better to ask how much you'll be expected to pay for your journey before getting in. This will ensure that you always have enough to give the driver as a tip.
Lastly, when checking into your hotel, it is customary to tip your porter as well. The generally accepted rule is to give them R5 (roughly £0.46) per bag they handle.
Western Sahara
In China, traditionally there is no tipping (except Hong Kong and Macau, both semi-westernized areas). However, hotels that routinely serve foreign tourists may allow tipping. An example would be tour guides and associated drivers.
Hong Kong
Tipping in Hong Kong is customary in a few situations but can create legal issues due to some Hong Kong specific ordinances prohibiting tipping for certain services such as public utilities. Waiters, who have already received a compulsory 10% service charge, may occasionally be given an additional gratuity, though it is socially acceptable not to tip on top of the service charge, and locals usually do not tip unless the serivce was exemplary.
In India there has traditionally been little or no tipping. Tips in India are never a percentage of the total value and many traditional restaurants in India do not expect a tip. Some restaurants have also have started placing jars at the cashier for people to drop in some change if they feel so, but this is a rather rare phenomenon. Most clubs in India have a complete ban on its members from tipping. Usually no service industry except the food services industry expects a tip. In India, it is unlawful for taxi or rickshaw drivers to charge anything above the meter.
In Japan, tipping is not a part of the culture. Japanese people are uncomfortable with being tipped and are likely to be confused, amused or possibly even offended if tipped.
Waiters, taxis and hotel attendants do not expect to be tipped for their services. However, many Westernised hotels and restaurants may add a gratuity to your bill
While tipping is not necessary, occasionally the hotel or inn will leave a small gratuity envelope for you to tip the maids
Never leave a cash tip on a table or hotel bed because the Japanese consider it impolite if it is not concealed in an envelope. The same rule applies when tipping an interpreter or tour guide
North Korea
South Korea
Tipping is not the custom in South Korea and can be considered an insult. While dining at restaurants, customers may sometimes receive gratuity from the owner or server in the form of complimentary food or drinks as a sign of generosity or to reward customer loyalty. Colloquially, this is known as "service" and even then, tipping is not recommended. Many hotels and a few tourist restaurants add 10% service charge on their bills.
In Russia, tipping is not necessary, except in fancier restaurants (especially in Moscow). In such cases, a tip exceeding 10% would be unusual. Some restaurants may include service into the amount, but that is very rare. Tipping is not considered customary for taxis, in fact, you should negotiate and settle upon your fare before you get in the taxi.
When tipping in Russia, or anywhere else throughout Eastern Europe for that matter, you should leave a tip of around 10% to 15%, on condition that there is no service charge on your bill already.
Gratuity amounts may vary as many establishments do not accept credit cards. Don't be surprised to find your bill rounded off to the nearest whole number.
It is also customary to leave hotel workers, coat check attendants, drivers and hotel housekeeping staff a generous tip. Drivers and tour guides are usually tipped up to $10 (approximately £6.37) and housekeeping staff are tipped about $1 (approximately 63p) to $2 (approximately £1.27) daily, which is usually left on the bedside table or in an ashtray.
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
East Timor
Tipping is not customarily done in Malaysia. Service charge of 10% is included in total bill in most air conditioned restaurants.
Myanmar (Burma)
Tipping is not required in the Philippines, except when the customer wants to show appreciation for services rendered. However, tipping is becoming more common especially in service-oriented places (spa, salon). In some restaurants and hotels, "Service Charge" (8%-12%) is included in the bill when issued; thus customer has the option to give an dditional tip or not. In taxis, it is common to add 20-50 pesos on top of the fare.
Tipping is not required in Singapore; however, it is common for restaurants to levy a 10% service charge before GST, the local goods and services tax. In most restaurants the employees never actually receive this service charge.
Tipping is actually prohibited at the airport and discouraged at hotels and restaurants where a 10% service charge is included in the bill.
Tipping is also not the norm in taxis, as congestion or Electronic Road Pricing charges are often already included in the final fare. All taxis must advertise a hotline to call if the customer feels dissatisfied.
In Taiwan tipping is rare except when a customer uses a porter at an airport, which is usually 50 new Taiwan dollars per luggage, or wants to show appreciation for exceptional service. Some restaurants and hotels already add 10% service charges. The service charge is generally applied at restaurants where the waiter is expected by the employer to pay a great deal of attention to the customer, or if the meal requires assistance from the wait staff (as in some barbecue restaurants).
Tipping is not common in Thailand and the Thais themselves don't do it. Thais do round up (or down) the taxi fare to get it to an amount that is easier to pay for (such as from 59 or 61 to 60 baht). Sometimes they also leave the change in restaurants, but even this is a rare occurrence.
You don't have to feel odd if you don't tip at all, as that's what the locals do. But the many foreign visitors attending Thailand have changed some practices. Tipping is starting to become more common in high-end hotels and restaurants, and even lower-end restaurants frequently attended by foreigners. Don't go overboard when tipping — never give more than 50 baht. In some tourist places, especially along Khao San Road, there are even restaurants hinting for a tip. This is not common (and even rude) in Thai culture, so you can easily ignore it.
Do not tip when a customer service charge is applied, as this is supposed to be the tip, applied only in luxury restaurants and hotels.
In Europe, tipping practices vary from region to region, although, in general, tipping is not considered obligatory. In European countries it is a legal requirement to quote prices including all taxes. The expectation when a price is advertised, is to pay that amount and no more. Restaurants post a menu outside including prices. If a service charge is to be added, this is usually indicated on the menu. If an establishment attempts to charge more than was shown on a menu, for example by adding a service charge not clearly posted, or by adding a tip by default, this is seen as an attempt to overcharge the customer.
In Austria, tipping is common and, although legally not mandatory, often considered as socially obligatory. Giving 5% to 10% of the total amount is common; more signals exceptionally good service. Rounding to a multiple of a Euro is common, for low sums the amount paid is often a multiple of 50 cents (i.e. a bill of 7.80 can be paid as 8 or 8.50).
Tipping is not practised when the goods are exchanged over the counter (i.e. in fast-food restaurants or at street stalls). Traditionally, the owner of a restaurant does not receive a tip. A tip is known in the German language as Trinkgeld, which literally translates as 'money for drink'. It is also common practice to tip other service employees, like taxi drivers or hair dressers.
Tipping in Belgium is not obligatory as service charge is always included. However, people often give tips as a sign of appreciation. Usually, this is done by paying in bank notes with a total value slightly higher than the price of the meal and telling the waiter/waitress that they can keep the change.
Tipping is not particularly common, although it may occur in restaurants and bars. Prices are usually already adjusted upwards, and labour laws ensure a minimum wage for all workers, therefore tipping is usually not expected.
A unique practice of tipping exists among the pensioners who receive their pension via mail in rural settlements. They may leave any coinage to the postman who delivers it as a sign of appreciation.
Czech Republic
Although it is customary to tip in the Czech Republic, it has very little to do with the size of the bill, and more to do with a sign of appreciation. It is common to round up the bill by a few crowns to make it even. Away from places regularly visited by foreigners, leaving a "tip" on a table after a meal at a restaurant is not the usual practice; locals may even object to it.
Traditionally, the tip has not been common, but is being introduced by outside influence. Tipping should be given only as a token of real appreciation for the service. Be aware that the tips will most often be split between the waiters and the kitchen. Taxi drivers do not expect tips, any extra service (such as carrying bags) will be listed on the receipt according to rate.
Tipping has been common in Estonia only after the restoration of independence, and therefore isn't always requested. A 10% tip is usually added to the price in restaurants and taxi drivers often keep the change. Some restaurants and pubs have a jar or box on the counter labelled 'Tip' on it, where customers can put their change.
Faeroe Islands
In Finland tipping is entirely optional and almost unheard of outside restaurants and bars. They can even be seen as an offensive or pompous act. Coat checkers generally have a service fee. Bar patrons may tip the bouncer when leaving for satisfactory service in the establishment in general. Consequently tips are most often pooled. Bars often have a brass tippikello, tip bell near the counter. upon receiving a tip, the service person strikes it with the largest denomination of coin given in the tip.
Tipping government and municipality service personnel for any service is not allowed, and could lead to legal problems.
Tips are not expected in France since service charges are included in the bill. However, French people usually leave the small change left after paying the bill or one or two euros if they were satisfied with the service quality.
Tipping in Georgia is pretty much unknown, and in many cases could deeply offend the recipient's sense of hospitality.
In Germany tips are commonplace in restaurants and bars (not in fast-food restaurants). Whilst not mandatory, it is always appreciated as a thanks for excellent service. It is the norm to give 5-10% as a tip or rounding up the bill.
Traditionally tipping in restaurants is not customary in Greece. Rounding of the bill used to work both ways i.e. When the bill was 41.20 they would ask for 41 or even 40, when it was 28.80 you would give 29 or 30. A tip was considered insulting, and the best way to show appreciation was to come back. In touristy areas this almost completely vanished nowadays, but off the beaten track it is still alive.
Tipping certainly is not based on a predetermined percentage. Customers usually leave a tip on the table, varying from few coins to large amounts of money, according to how satisfied they are by the service, but usually something like 1-2€. Tipping to taxi drivers is uncommon.
Tips are given in Hungary for some services: in restaurants, in bars, to cab drivers, to hairdressers, and often to people that fix things around the house, like plumbers and electricians.
Although not legally required, social norms encourage that tips are given. The amount varies by profession: in restaurants the normal amount is around 5% to 10% of the total bill, but hairdressers can expect 25% or more in tips, since they are expected to make more money in tips than in wages.
In Iceland tipping is rare. Service charges are generally included in the bill.
Tipping is not a general habit in Ireland. The same general rules apply as in the United Kingdom. For example, it is not customary to tip in bars or for any over-the-counter service, but waiters in pubs and restaurants are usually tipped a token amount.
Although it has been cited that tipping for taxis is typical, it is not common in practice Commonly people will round-up the fare to the nearest note to avoid fumbling for small change(for example, hand over €5.00 for a fare of €4.60)
In Ireland it is not customary to tip a percentage of the total bill, a few small coins is generally considered quite polite. Like most of Europe it is common to round up to the nearest note, (i.e. paying €30 for a bill of €28).
Tips (la mancia) are not customary in Italy but are offered only if a special service is given or to thank for a high quality service. Almost all restaurants (with the notable exception of Rome have a price for the service (called coperto) and waiters do not expect a tip, but they will not refuse it, especially if given by foreign customers. In cafés, bars, and pubs it's however not uncommon, on paying the bill, to leave the change saying to the waiter or to the cashier "tenga il resto" ("keep the change"). Recently tip jars near the cash register are becoming widespread, however in public restrooms is often forbidden. Leaving the change is also quite common with taxi drivers. When using a credit card, it is not possible to add manually an amount to the bill, so it is possible to leave some notes as a tip.
In Kosovo generally tipping is not expected by anyone. In Albanian parts, tipping is generally not recommended at all.
In The Netherlands, tips are common in restaurants. Tips are expected to be around 5% to 10% of the total amount (depending on the quality of service), unless the service has been poor. Tips are generally not expected in bars, but are not uncommon.
Traditionally, the tip has not been common, but is being introduced by outside influence. Tipping should be given only as a token of real appreciation for the service. In Restaurants, even though there is a service fee, rounding up is the norm, and 10% is considered generous. It is not normal to tip outside restaurants and bars, but in situations where change is common it is polite to leave the change(f.ex taxis)
When your paying for drinks or a meal in restaurants or bars and you are handed the cheque, you should give the amount you have to pay and wait for the change. If you give the money and say "thank you" it will be treated as "keep the change" type of tip. This also goes for taxis.The average tip is around 10-15% of the cheque. It is very impolite in-Poland not to tip, because it means that you didn`t like the food or service (unless it was bad).
Don't forget to tip tour guides and drivers too, but only if you are happy with the service they have provided.
In Portugal the tip generally consists of some coins. It is usually given in restaurants and coffee shops, especially by tourists, but is not necessary.
The tip is usually 10% of the bill and is expected in restaurants, coffee shops, taxi, hair dressers.
San Marino
Tips are not considered a strict social obligation, however leaving a tip (10-15%) is very usual in restaurants if the customer is satisfied with the service. Tips are also accepted in bars and taxi cabs (usually by rounding up the amount paid).
Tipping is not compulsory in Slovakia, but in practice it is common in sit down restaurants, where rounding up the bill or leaving around 10% tip is common. The tip is given directly to the waiter (ie. tell him/her how much to give you back), not left on the table in most establishments. Outside restaurants, tipping is unusual.
Tipping is not customary in Slovenia and traditionally it is almost never done. In recent times, however, high-tourist areas have begun to accept tips, which are welcomed but not obligatory.
Tipping, or "propina" in Spanish, is not mandatory or considered customary in Spain. The tip amount in restaurants depends on your economic status, the locale and type of establishment. If you feel that you have experienced good service then leave some loose change on the table - possibly €1 (approximately 84p) or €2 (approximately £1.69). If you don't, it is no big deal.
Bars expect only tourists, particularly American tourists , to leave a tip. They are aware that it is customary in the United States to leave a tip for every drink or meal. It is rare to see anyone other than Americans tipping in Spain.
Outside the restaurant business, some service providers, such as taxi drivers, hairdressers and hotel personnel may expect a tip in an upscale setting.
Traditionally, the tip has not been common, but is being introduced by outside influence. Tipping should be given only as a token of real appreciation for the service. Be aware that the tips will most often be split between the waiters and the kitchen. Taxi drivers do not expect tips, any extra service (such as carrying bags) will be listed on the receipt according to rate.
Swiss workers enjoy a very high minimum wage so is tips are typically low. In restaurants, round up the bill and add a few francs with a maximum of 5, regardless of bill size. If you were not happy with the service do not hesitate to not tip at all. In cafes and bars, it is common to round-up the bill to the nearest franc. Tipping is very rare for any other services.
United Kingdom
Tipping throughout the UK is usually expected at restaurants (except self-service establishments), but not always given. It is less usual to tip in cafés and coffee shops. Many restaurants will allow tips to be added to a credit card bill, but it is generally considered better to leave cash at the table. The reason for this is that cash is deemed to have been given to the waiting staff directly, whilst credit card payments and cheques are legally payable to the restaurant. While a tip given by credit card or cheque will almost always be passed on to the waiting staff, it is legal for restaurants to pay their staff less than the minimum wage if the amount given in tips via the restaurant management augments their wages to the level of the minimum wage.
It is not normal to tip for drinks in a pub or bar, although offering to buy the bar tender a drink is considered acceptable and they may also then take money for the value of a drink (which is in effect taking a tip). In cases where the pub is also a restaurant, the serving staff may be tipped.
It is a legal requirement to post prices including any taxes and other charges. Additional service charges at restaurants are unusual. Where these occur, it is legal to refuse to pay the service charge if you believe the service was inadequate.
In many table-service restaurants - and 'gastro pubs' - a 'service charge' is added to the bill, usually (but not always) when the party exceeds a certain size e.g. six, in which case there is no expectation to tip further. It's worth checking the menu when ordering, for information on service charges. A service charge is not legally binding and will be removed from the bill on request.
Historically, offering a tip may be seen as an insult; it is implying the receiver may be bought or bribed, and that the person doing the tipping is "better than you". This is the origin of the custom of offering to buy the barman/barmaid a drink in a pub. You would not tip a friend or work colleague, that would be an insult, but it is normal to buy them a drink.
In some establishments, tips are kept individually by the waiter or waitress, whereas in others they may be pooled and divided amongst all the staff (a 'tronc'). In other instances, tips may be set aside for some other purpose for the benefit of the staff, such as to fund a staff party or trip.
Tipping for other services such as taxis and hairdressers is not expected, but tips are sometimes given to reward particularly good service. Although in some large cities it is customary to tip both taxi drivers and hairdressers/barbers.
Tipping a policeman, fireman, nurse, doctor or other public-sector workers is prohibited and in the case of the police may be considered attempted bribery.
Middle East
In Israel, tipping in restaurants and bars is expected. In some Nargila (Shisha/hooka) bars there are also "security charges" that are not compulsory, but are added onto the bill, you then choose to pay it or not. This covers the cost of hiring an armed guard at the bar in the remote chance of attack. Israelis very rarely pay this, however tourists often do not realise it is not compulsory.
Palestinian territory occupied
Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab Republic
Tips are generally modest in Turkey (a few percent max), but Americans tend to do over-tip as they do anywhere, which is leading to higher expectations in touristy places.
In Turkey, it is advised to tip in Turkish liras. If you absolutely can not tip in liras, foreign currency is fine as long as it is paper money and not coins. Foreign coins are difficult to exchange.
In inexpensive eateries, tipping is not mandatory, but locals usually do leave a few coins. Do so as well. If you are patronizing a higher-scale establishment, it fits tipping customs in Turkey to tip around 10-15%., this is expected at such places.
If you are fortunate enough to try out a Turkish bath, it is customary to tip 15% of the total and split it up among all of the attendants. This is an important thing to keep in mind when tipping in Turkey, and will ensure your experience goes smoothly and is enjoyable.
United Arab Emirates
North America
Tipping in Canada is similar to that in the United States due to the close cultural nature of the two countries but tends to be somewhat lower due to higher minimum wages and lower employee cost (e.g. universal medical care). Restaurant wait staff in Canada typically receive about 10-15% on the before-tax total.
Quebec and Ontario even allow employers to pay lower minimum wages to workers who would reasonably be expected to be receiving tips.
Tipping in Mexico is similar to the United States. It is usually from 10 to 15%.
In Mexican bars and night clubs it is often seen that they charge directly into the bill the 15% of the total amount (taxes included). That is illegal in most cases because of the imposition of the tip and because they calculate the 15% with taxes included.
In large groups, or in nightclubs the barmen expect the customers to deposit their tip in a cup left on the table before serving the drinks so the service they give is in function with the tip they received.
Viene vienes ("Car guards")
It is also customary to give a tip to the person who sometimes guard the car as if they were valet parking; in Mexico these people are often called "viene viene" (literally: "comes, comes") or franeleros and usually people give them from 3 to 20 Mexican pesos depending on the zone, although they sometimes ask for bigger sums of money when the car is left close to a night life area.
Retail stores (supermarkets)
In medium and large retail stores such as Wal-Mart there are uniformed helpers, usually children or the elderly, who bag the products just after the clerk has scanned them. This role is called cerillo (Spanish for "match"). It is common for these helpers to not have a basic salary, so all the money earned is from the tips people give them. Most customers give from 2 to 5 Mexican pesos depending on the quantity of products.
Cerillos also put the bags in the cart and if the load is large they can even help bringing it to the car and unloading the bags; in these cases, they normally receive more than 15 pesos.
Meals have a 10% to 15% tip (this includes fast food deliveries). This tip is usually left by most people in restaurants, although it is not so common in street restaurants or stands, where the tenders usually have a can or box where people deposit coins.
Tipping is not expected in cabs or buses, except when it is a tour. In some populated Mexican restaurants wandering musicians enter, play, and expect the customers to pay something, although this is voluntary. In filling stations, the workers usually get 2-5 pesos for every gasoline load. In stadiums people give a small tip to the person who shows the place where they should sit. Tips are also given to bellboys, barbers and people that work in similar services.
Saint pierre and miquelon
United States of America
Tipping is widely practiced in the United States service sector. Standards vary, but gratuities are always given to servers in restaurants and bars, to taxi drivers, parking valets, and bellstaff in hotels, and should be omitted only in extreme cases of bad service. The salaries made in these professions, and even their taxes, take into account that they will be tipped, so it really is inappropriate to leave them out.
Tipping managers and business owners is almost always inappropriate, unless you are the host of a large party, wedding, or event. Even then, be careful how you present the tip—it's best to offer a percent of the total bill to the person in charge (usually the head caterer) and to subtly thank them for sharing it with their staff.
Tipping in the United States is so common and expected in some cases that in many service establishments, such as hair salons and restaurants, customers who did not tip are often asked to pay a tip, or more rarely may be verbally scolded or abused by staff for "stiffing" them, even though such behavior on the part of the staff is considered clearly inappropriate.
Tipping can work for you, if you are savvy. While it usually is presented as an expected part of payment, it can also be a subtle (and acceptable) bribe for preferential treatment. This is especially true with hotel staff and with bartenders. Unusually large tips can also be a good strategy for securing preferential treatment in the future, if you plan to go to the same place often. Tipping well also makes you look rather good in front of friends, dates, and business partners (and the reverse is true for tipping poorly).
Tipping is customary in restaurants offering table service. Understand that the custom is so usual here that US restaurant waitstaff are typically paid less than the local minimum wage by their employers (and are given legal exception to do so) -- the waiters often rely on customers' tips to make a living wage.
While the amount of a tip is at the discretion of the patron, the customary tip has risen in recent years from the long usual 15% to around 18% before tax (many tip 20%, since it's easier to calculate, but that is more than expected in most places). It is usual to leave more for particularly pleasing service, and somewhat less for service on the poor side.
When a server has not adequately addressed issues a customer has with service, the patron may ask to speak with a manager to have the problems corrected before considering reducing the tip. In extreme cases of inferior service, the patron may choose not to leave a tip -- travelers who have the misfortune to experience particularly bad service should consider leaving a small coin (a quarter dollar or less) to make the point that the tip was not simply forgotten.
In certain situations, restaurants may include a mandatory tip (service charge), usually around 18%. Reputable restaurants post their policy on a sign or the menu, or require servers to inform their patrons of such charges before they order. This is most common for large groups, such as six or more. This charge can be verified by the customer on the bill to avoid tipping in addition to the service charge. Rarer reasons for a service charge can occur if the customer was especially rude, is not likely to leave a tip, or is too intoxicated to notice. A customer may choose to include an extra tip for the server over and above the service charge, or, if service is poor, to negotiate an alternate service charge with management.
Tipping on wine with a meal requires some discretion and judgment, as many restaurants mark up their wine 200 to 400%. Some suggest a tip of 18% on the meal before tax, and 10% on the wine, especially if the total wine bill is near or exceeds the cost of the meal, although some may counsel that this is being cheap.
Many traditional restaurants offer carry-out ("pick-up," "take-out, or "curbside") service, and standards for tipping for such services vary. Tipping is not required for non-table services. It's nice to leave a tip in the case of exceptional service or difficult orders, or simply to show your generosity. Tipping at fast food restaurants and coffeehouses that do not offer table service is not necessary, regardless of whether there is a "tip jar." When eating at a counter (most likely in a diner), you should always tip your server as you would for standard table service.
Tipping bartenders is universal. You should tip at the end of the night if running a tab, but if you are paying cash for each round (and taking the drinks back to a table or friends), it's a good idea to leave a cash tip each time—you'll get better and more attentive service on a busy night, and may well get stiffer drinks.
The size of the tip varies on the type of establishment. In a cheap place, one dollar per drink, or one dollar per every two drinks, is common, but if you are in a classier place paying around $7-8 or above per drink, two per drink, or even more in a high-class bar (or if you especially like the bartender's service). If you run a tab in a nicer-than-your-average-bar and are paying at the end, you should go back to the standard 15-20% rule.
Tips are common, and rules sometimes complex, at nicer hotels. Motels, cheap hotels, and bed & breakfasts are generally not places for tips outside of restaurants and bars.
Parking valets, room service, and bellmen should always be tipped for carrying luggage and for delivering items to rooms (food, boxes, faxes). With room service, though, double check whether the hotel has already added a service charge. Bellmen should always receive at least $2 for carting your luggage, but should receive more if you have a lot of luggage. Housekeeping staff is customarily tipped one or more dollars per day, which you can just leave on the table. The front desk staff should be tipped only for very unusual and exceptional services. It is inappropriate to tip managers or owners.
The rules for tipping concierge are much more arcane. For most services—asking for maps, information, tours, etc.—a tip is not expected. But for things above and beyond like special, unusual, time-consuming requests, if you receive a lot of attention while others are waiting, or even just for an exceptionally high level of service, tips should generally be large, usually starting at $5 (a $1 tip would be insulting). Tips can be a good way to get special treatment during a stay too: good-sized preemptive tips for restaurant reservations could lead to special preferential treatment at the restaurant, tips can make unusual or difficult requests happen when otherwise the concierge would demur, tips out-of-the-blue can lead to special service throughout your stay, etc.
If you especially like the service you have received from an employee during a stay, consider passing them a larger tip ($5 or more) on the way out.
Most U.S. guides recommend 15-20% of the fare. Dealing with heavy baggage is often included into the price of the cab, so just tip towards the upper end (20%) if you really made the driver struggle!
Tour guides
It is customary to tip tour guides at the end of a tour. The customary tip tends to be around $1-5 per person, depending primarily on the size of the tour, whether it was private, and the level of service. The size of the tour group usually corresponds with size of the tip inversely, a smaller more private tour usually elicits a larger tip than a larger, more impersonal tour with many people.
Car valets are customarily tipped $2–5.
Government employees
Under federal law it is considered bribery to tip federal government employees. Never tip any government employee of any type.
Central America and the Caribbean
Cayman Islands
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Netherlands Antilles
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad And Tobago
Tipping has not been a custom, but has become more commonplace in recent times. Some restaurants, especially those in hotels or those that serve foreign tourists expect a tip. Most do not. Only airport taxis expect a tip. Local taxis do not.
Turks And Caicos Islands
Virgin Islands (British)
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Tipping in the Virgin islands is expected. In the USVI, tip as you would on the U.S. mainland. In restaurants, it is customary to leave at least 15 percent of the total bill, before any discounts or special reductions. Most servers at fast food or self-service restaurants do not require a tip, but when dining in a full service restaurant with a large group, remember that gratuities are almost never included (except for parties larger than 10).
When checking baggage, tip the porter at least one dollar per bag. You should also tip maids, and depending on the level of service, it is polite to offer a gratuity to your concierge. If your hotel provides valet parking, it is advisable to tip the valet as well.
South America
There is no obligation to tip in Argentina although it is considered customary. Sometimes rounding up or telling them to "keep the change" is enough on small checks, deliveries, gasoline tenders, etc. Leaving at least a 10% tip is considered kind and polite at restaurants, cafes, hotels, beauty parlors, barbers, ushers and car-washes. Tipping bartenders is not customary. Leaving no tip when feeling unsatisfied is not an uncommon gesture, and it's interpreted as such. Taxicab drivers do not expect to be tipped, but most people do so.
Another local custom is to tip the ushers in theaters and opera houses when they're also in charge of handing out the programmes (one may request one without tipping, at the risk of being considered cheap).
Service fees are included in most upscale hotels and restaurants, usually around 15%.
Service charges are included with the bill. Still, a small tip, around 5% or so, is sometimes given, and is considered polite.
While tips can sometimes be given for some services, delivery or tourism, tips are very uncommon. It is usually not expected in cabs, although rounding up the fare occasionally takes place. It should be noted that many restaurants include a 10% delivery charge in the note, with no further tippings being required. Such a charge often depends on the municipality. Tipping bartenders is not customary.
There is no obligation to tip in Chile. This was not the case until 1981, when law number 7.388 was derogated. It stated that tipping was mandatory at places like restaurants, and the tip amount should be between 10% and 20% of the bill. Since then, it is usually assumed that customers will leave a tip of 10%, if the service is considered satisfactory.
A service charge of 10% is generally added to the bill in nice restaurants (if it's not, you should add it yourself). Tipping taxi drivers is not common. Most "tipping" is merely rounding up to the nearest thousand pesos (e.g., rounding up your cafe bill to 7,000 from 6,700). Private tour guides do not need to be tipped, but it is common to do so, if you liked the guide.
Be aware that in some restaurants and bars that include the tip (la propina) in the bill, this extra money often does not make it into the hands of the staff person who serves you. Instead, it is simply kept by the owners. With this in mind, many Colombians will pay the bill without the tip (in cash or with credit card) and then hand a cash tip to the staff member (waiter, bartender, etc.) who served them.
Bars, restaurants and hotels include a 10% service charge in the bill, so tipping is not required. In the case of restaurants, it is customary to leave some spare change in reward for good service. Some restaurants will include a small piece of paper along with the bill, in which the client can specify a tip if they are paying with credit card.
Falkland Islands
French Guiana
Service charges are included with the bill, and tipping is uncommon.
American Samoa
Tipping is not a traditional practice in Australia, although in recent times it has become more common in restaurants and hotels (particularly in larger cities) possibly due to more common exposure to American practices. Even in these places, it tends to be reserved for instances of particularly good service. It is acceptable to round restaurant bills and taxi fares up to the nearest dollar, five dollars or ten dollars, with the additional amount forming the tip. Therefore a tip is never based on a percentage of the bill (such as if a party was to order a very expensive bottle of wine, the party would not necessarily tip a much greater amount). Tipping staff of any other kind of business is very unusual. Bartenders are not usually tipped.
Casinos in Australia generally prohibit tipping of gaming staff, as it is considered bribery. Similarly, tipping government officials will usually be interpreted as bribery as well.
If one wishes to show appreciation for good service, a box of chocolates will serve much the same purpose as a tip would, only with much less awkwardness.
Cook Islands
In Fiji, tipping is virtually non-existent. This includes no tipping to taxis, hotels, bellpersons, restaurants, etc. However, at most all-inclusive resorts and amongst the scuba diving operations, they have a "Christmas Box" where you can donate money that is shared equally amongst all the staff at Christmas time.
French Polynesia
Marshall Islands
Micronesia federated states of
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Tipping is not part of New Zealand culture and is often treated with suspicion or actively frowned upon, as many people view it as a largely American custom that over-compensates certain workers while others are left out; additionally there is a feeling that tipping is paying twice for one service. Despite this, some forms of tipping are common, such as rounding up a taxi fare. It is almost as likely, however, that the taxi driver will round the fare down to the nearest dollar. Some cafés keep a jar on the counter marked "tips for staff", in which customers can leave small change.
Occasionally tips are given in a restaurant for exceptional service, particularly in the larger cities like Christchurch, Wellington and Auckland. But in these cities it is becoming quite common for bar staff to be given tips of around 30 dollars built up over the whole night, especially the waiting staff. Again this is not a percentage amount of the bill but just a good will gesture by the patrons. Others may feel that the people who do this are being ostentatious and showing off their wealth. New Zealanders travelling overseas often find the custom difficult and confusing.
However, many New Zealanders travel and live in other countries, often returning to New Zealand; bringing the tipping habit back with them.
In general, people who perform a service in New Zealand, such as waiters and hairdressers, are tipped with a smile and a thank you. This is considered reasonable because their average wage is substantially larger than their American counterparts.
Norfolk Island
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Wallis And Futuna Islands
Commonwealth of Independent States
Moldova republic of
British Indian OceanTerritory
Cape Verde


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