text:
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text:
User talk:Sans Deity
- 1 Comments/Requests
- 2 Image/text alignment problem
- 3 Cite.php for ref's
- 4 Sandbox
- 5 Utility templates?
- 6 In progress
- 7 Wiki spam galore
- 8 Killing the vandals
- 9 Another extension
- 10 Interwiki requests
- 11 Translating to portuguese
- 12 User Falseprophet
- 13 Wissam. Clearing the air
- 14 Forum?
- 15 Delete my account
- 16 How To Win Every Argument
- 18 Coding Logical Symbols
- 19 Atheist groups in ...
- 20 Ray Comfort
- 21 Your FireFighter Argument
Is there a way to fix the dates when looking at the recent changes/history of things? The server seems to be several days off (close to two weeks). I suspect the server that this wiki is on might have the date and time wrong. Im not sure who hosts the server or whos in charge of stuff like that. gizmoiscariot 13:15, 10 September 2008 (PDT)
Image/text alignment problem[edit]
As noted in the edit summary, I took the liberty of inserting a newline in your user page to fix an image/text alignment problem. When a right-aligned [[Image]] link is followed on the same line by text, some browsers (I.E. 5.0, at least) align the text to the right, too. Besides looking wrong, this makes the text easy to miss, especially when it's at the very top of the page. I think I've seen this problem in some articles, as well. Something to keep in mind.... - dcljr 12:24, 13 February 2007 (CST)
Cite.php for ref's[edit]
In Wikipedia and other Wikimedia wikis, the Cite.php extension allows for easy creation and maintenance of footnotes in articles using <ref></ref> and <reference/> tags. I've encountered a few cases were this would be really helpful to have here. According to documentation at the first link above, the extension requires at least MediaWiki 1.6x, so it should work for us. I would suggest we upgrade to a newer MediaWiki version anyway, but moving to 1.7x would also require an upgrade to PhP 5. Maybe a task for this summer? <g> - dcljr 19:59, 30 March 2007 (CDT)
- I'd like to second this.
- Also, I'm a Unix sysadmin in Real Life™. If I can help, let me know.
- --Arensb 21:17, 30 March 2007 (CDT)
- When I last looked, it wasn't possible to add these due to limitations of my hosting service. I'll try to dig into this issue again, but (as I'm sure everyone has noticed) I really haven't had the time to focus on the wiki. I'll need to set aside a block of time to do this, but I'm not only spread to thin, I now have to start looking for a new job (Sept. 1 is my last day). I'll try to make time before then. Sans Deity 17:22, 27 June 2007 (CDT)
- "limitations of my hosting service" — Because of their version of PHP? I'd say, if that's the reason, you need to start complaining to your hosting service. (The current stable release of MediaWiki doesn't even support PHP4 anymore.) - dcljr 15:10, 28 June 2007 (CDT)
- When I last looked, it wasn't possible to add these due to limitations of my hosting service. I'll try to dig into this issue again, but (as I'm sure everyone has noticed) I really haven't had the time to focus on the wiki. I'll need to set aside a block of time to do this, but I'm not only spread to thin, I now have to start looking for a new job (Sept. 1 is my last day). I'll try to make time before then. Sans Deity 17:22, 27 June 2007 (CDT)
I noticed someone created Project:Sandbox back in Feb. Since we probably should have such a page, I've gone ahead and created a template-header for it, Template:Sandbox header, explaining what the Sandbox is for, along with a "testing" template called Template:Sandbox (not "Template:Testing" or similar) for use on the Sandbox page to test template behavior. Then, of course, the template itself needed a template-header, Template:Sandbox template header, to explain it.... Anyway, I hope everything is basically self-explanatory on the pages Project:Sandbox and Template:Sandbox. Just figured I'd give you a heads-up so you can "watch" the two "header" templates, if you want. (I would suggest protecting them, but that probably would be overkill. Sufficient to "watch" them for now.) - dcljr 17:52, 10 April 2007 (CDT)
Utility templates?[edit]
I've been going through categorizing and describing our various templates (with mixed results). Since you created Category:Utility templates, I guess I should ask you what your definition of a "utility template" is. Based on the single template that was in the category at the time I came across it (Template:If), I guessed it was for templates that are primarily for use in other templates, to make their "code" simpler (like subroutines in computer programming). But now I don't know what to do with templates like Template:Quote-source and Template:Comment-box1. Do you think either of those should be called "Utility templates" and the definition expanded? - dcljr 15:53, 17 April 2007 (CDT)
- I'm not User:Sans Deity, but I think you're right, that utility templates are ones used for building or simplifying other templates; infrastructure, not content.
- Since Template:Quote-source and Template:Comment-box1 are directly used in various pages, I wouldn't call them utility templates. I think if there were a template that said, "This <topic>-related article is a stub", that could be included in other templates that specified a topic, then that generic template would be a utility template. But that's just my opinion. --Arensb 16:09, 17 April 2007 (CDT)
- I created the Category:Utility templates category to hold templates used in other templates. Arensb's assessment is pretty much on the money. Sans Deity 09:35, 18 April 2007 (CDT)
In progress[edit]
It seems you've tagged a couple of articles as works in progress and not found the time to return to them for further expansion. Understandable... but maybe we should have a policy about that template staying on articles for too long. For example, if there's no edits by the original "tagging" author in a month, say, editors are free to remove the template or replace it with another (e.g., stub) template, as appropriate. In particular, we should try to avoid situations where the template stays on an article for many months with no edits or is placed on a stubby article where "progress" hasn't really even begun. Not meaning to be overly critical, but these two cases seemed somewhat "suboptimal"... - dcljr 17:58, 24 April 2007 (CDT)
- Good catch. The mormon page was someone else's work...I just tagged it for them as an example of what they should do until they were done. The prophecy page was one I wanted to do, but never got to. They're both cleared. I think a month is probably more than enough. Any work in progress that's seen no activity for a month should be fair game to anyone - regardless of who tagged it. Sans Deity 23:08, 24 April 2007 (CDT)
- Will note this guideline on relevant pages. - dcljr 12:52, 25 April 2007 (CDT)
Wiki spam galore[edit]
Obviously you've noticed how this spam is getting ridiculously out of hand. Have you seen this page? It's full of useful suggestions for keeping the spam under control.
Do we currently prevent the page histories from showing up in search engines? If not, we definitely should, as the spammers may be benefiting from product placement even after we roll back their crap.
Also, how many people currently have the authority to block accounts? I wouldn't mind giving that permission to a few others. However, since they keep autogenerating random IDs, I'm not sure if there's even a point to blocking the accounts. Perhaps we should do something to prevent the types of accounts they're making, something like this:
- if ((username has six letters)
- and (username has at least one lowercase letter)
- and (username has an uppercase letter not in the first character)
- then deny account creation
Is that possible to do? --Kazim 09:37, 12 June 2007 (CDT)
I was looking into solutions earlier. I think, considering the small community here, that I may either disable account creation (and let sysops manually add new editors) or try to create some custom user groups (bureaucrats, sysops, editors, n00b) so that no one can edit until their account has been flagged for it.
Unfortunately, this hasn't been easy. Most of the solutions are very slap-dash, as the software was originally designed to be open to edits from everyone. I'm hoping to have this solved by the end of the week. I should have some time this afternoon to investigate solutions. Sans Deity 10:32, 12 June 2007 (CDT)
Killing the vandals[edit]
I've made it a bit more difficult on the vandals. I've added a new requirement for any new users - they must verify an e-mail address.
It's an extra hoop that may kill the vandals, especially if they are bots. If it doesn't work, I'll take additional steps. Sans Deity 12:26, 12 June 2007 (CDT)
That seems to have done the trick for now. Good job, Matt! --Kazim 11:13, 13 June 2007 (CDT)
- I've also tried to start using the "Mark as patrolled" feature a bit more. When you select a "diff" from the Recent changes page (not from a page's history, though), you can mark the edit as "patrolled" (if it hasn't already been done), meaning it was a legitimate edit. Unpatrolled edits are marked with a red exclamation point (!) on the Recent changes page. Only admins can mark edits as patrolled. - dcljr 14:01, 14 June 2007 (CDT)
- Interestingly, admins can even patrol their own edits. I guess if you're an admin you can be trusted not to abuse this feature.... - dcljr 16:49, 20 June 2007 (CDT)
Another extension[edit]
In addition to the Cite.php extension I requested above, I've come across another extension it would be nice to have: ParserFunctions (which requires >= MediaWiki 1.6.8). This would make it possible to simply copy over any Wikipedia (for example) templates that use #if and the like, without needing to translate them to use our Template:If. For example, this one, which a user has already tried to use in an article here. - dcljr 13:31, 27 June 2007 (CDT)
Interwiki requests[edit]
Please see Iron Chariots Wiki:Interwiki map (requests) — the request list is getting kind of long (full disclosure: most are my requests :). - dcljr 05:05, 26 March 2009 (CDT)
Translating to portuguese[edit]
dcljr has adviced me to talk to you about allowing this wiki to be translated to (brazilian) portuguese. I don't know exactly how to do this and think the admins have to enable the translated wikis here. As dcljr suggested me, I started to translation some topics at my user page and am sure I can bring more people to help.
BrightMan 15:26, 22 April 2009 (CDT)
User Falseprophet[edit]
I just wanted to make sure you had read what the changes were by Falseprophet and weren't going by my change summary alone. He seems to have been doing legitimate updates, so a permaban I'm not sure is the way to go. The change he made was "Capitalism is the basis for the U.S. economy." to "Corporatism is the basis for the U.S. economy." Just want to make sure this isn't due entirely to half-second though summary write-up and that you had already gone over this.
-It's still a perma-ban. I have no way of knowing if the account was compromised or if they were trying to build a reputation before vandalizing or if they were just having a bad day. Vandalism = perma-ban. They can contact me to have it restored, or make another one. Sans Deity 18:17, 18 November 2009 (CST
- Yup, I understand; just figured I'd follow up to be sure.--Zurahn 20:06, 18 November 2009 (CST)
Wissam. Clearing the air[edit]
//You're about two comments from being blocked and I'd really rather not do that, so let's clear a few things up.//
We obviously started on the wrong foot. I don't think blocking me is necessary; the reason I almost started ranting was that I felt underappreciated and you kind of killed my motivation in editing this site although I have alot to offer. _Wissam
Also, thank you for the advice and I realize you are busy. Yes, you are right. The kalam argument for atheists is not very impressive but it should be mentioned and i didn't mean it to be necessary- it's a counter-argument at least. _wissam
Is anyone approving new users on the forum? Been a week since my request... Jwissick 22:52, 9 April 2010 (CDT)
Delete my account[edit]
I want my account deleted as soon as possible. Thank you. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Wissam hemadeh (talk • contribs), 11 September 2010
- Please note that a user's account cannot be completely removed because of licensing issues (all contributions by the user would have to be removed at the same time, which is impractical). Since all contributions to this wiki are submitted under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.5) license, the user has already granted permission "to copy, distribute and transmit" and "to adapt" all of his contributions, presumably in perpetuity. See Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Revocation of our licensing is not permitted for a discussion of the issues. - dcljr 16:51, 15 January 2011 (CST)
How To Win Every Argument[edit]
All very well and fine your deleting my comment, but what's wrong with the actual article? And how does it get fixed? -- BronzeDome 23:50, 30 December 2010 (CST)
I note that you have a serious problem with spam, a similar problem at Palaeos was solved with a CAPTCHA. Proxima Centauri 09:01, 18 August 2011 (CDT)
If you make me a sysop I will be happy to help delete spam, I will check the wiki daily. Proxima Centauri 05:16, 6 September 2011 (CDT)
- Done. Thanks!
Pages are still listed in Category:Pages for deletion after I delete them. Proxima Centauri 11:43, 7 September 2011 (CDT)
Coding Logical Symbols[edit]
I have been trying to code in formal logic, and haven't been able to make any of that work. Any recommendations for how to code a style of formal notation? - JStein (7:56, 9/13/2011)
Atheist groups in ...[edit]
I suggest merging all those Atheist groups in some-country-or-state pages into one List of atheist groups page, organised, naturally, by continent, country and state. The current state of myriad miniature "articles" seems... silly.
May I? BronzeDome 11:58, 18 October 2011 (CDT)
- I'm cool with it. --Kazim 12:05, 18 October 2011 (CDT)
Ray Comfort[edit]
I feel I should draw your attention to yet another problem with our article on Ray Comfort and the RationalWiki article. Basically on both wikis intellectuals have taken over the article. What Feredir28 wrote, despite criticisms had popular appeal. It could get to people like, high school students, college students, university undergraduates or even uneducated people who might otherwise fall for Ray Comfort's line of arguing. What we're now getting is material that intellectuals think is an improvement but intellectuals aren't at risk from Ray Comfort to anything like the same extent as uneducated people. Have you any suggestions? Proxima Centauri 11:56, 19 October 2011 (CDT)
- I second what GodotNot has been saying to you in the talk page at RationalWiki. The version of the article you've been trying to change to is shoddy, unprofessional, and unreadable -- Google rankings notwithstanding. (Also, please bear in mind that Google uses a sophisticated page search algorithm that is tailored to the user who is currently logged in. The fact that you see it appearing as number one when you visit the page frequently, does not mean everyone sees it there.)
- You've been receiving essentially the same criticism in both places, and yet you think that the problem is with the management and not a generally true problem with the writing style. Again, if it's that important to you to write the article that you clearly want to about Ray Comfort, please create your own wiki or start a blog. --Kazim 13:21, 19 October 2011 (CDT)
- I can't write that stuff that gets to the top of Google but Feredir can, my IP adress changes every time I switch off my router so Google can't tailor its search to me. Proxima Centauri 01:27, 20 October 2011 (CDT)
- I've checked again today and our article and the RationalWiki article are still rising so changing the articles has certainly not done harm. Proxima Centauri 01:31, 20 October 2011 (CDT)
- Please stop. I really, really don't care about the page's Google rank; and I do not agree with your assumption that there is any clear correlation between the momentary rank and the quality of the writing at the same moment. It is at best a lagging indicator. --Kazim 13:06, 20 October 2011 (CDT)
- I've checked again today and our article and the RationalWiki article are still rising so changing the articles has certainly not done harm. Proxima Centauri 01:31, 20 October 2011 (CDT)
- I can't write that stuff that gets to the top of Google but Feredir can, my IP adress changes every time I switch off my router so Google can't tailor its search to me. Proxima Centauri 01:27, 20 October 2011 (CDT)
Your FireFighter Argument[edit]
Hi Matt, I have would like to post your firefighter argument that you used against pascal's wager; the one where the firefighter saves people in a fire but goes to hell because he did not believe. I have a version of it on my talk page but I am unsure of its accuracy so I wanted you to look at it and approve of it before I posted it. --David 6:17 pm, 2 November (ESTERN)

subset: commoncrawl


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Networking >
Network Attached Storage (NAS) >
NAS by Brand
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Smart Cameras >
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The Accounting Historians Journal
Vol. 18, No. 2
December 1991
PATTI A. MILLS, EDITOR Indiana State University
A REVIEW ESSAY: Professional Foundations and Theories of Professional Behavior
by Tom Lee University of Alabama
The accountancy profession is nearly one hundred and fifty years old. Formally organized in Scotland in the mid 1850s, it has expanded rapidly worldwide to become one of the leading profes-sions in terms of the number of people it employs, the quantity and variety of services it offers and renders, the size and pervasive-ness of its public firms, the extent of its provision and use of educational and research resources, the degree of influence it has in its relations with the state, and the social status and economic rewards enjoyed by its members. Yet, it still must cope with per-sistent and seemingly intractable problems such as the dubious meaning of reported accounting figures, inconsistencies in ac-counting rules, education orientated solely to training for current practice, a lack of research influence on practice, and managing the ethical behavior of practitioners.
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Friday, June 15, 2007
Posted by MAD at 12:59 AM
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Here you can find explanations of common words in English. What is unusual here? All the descriptions were taken from the dictionaries in different languages. So, you can form more objective opinion on some topic when you know not only "pure English" explanations. Usually the authors from different countries have different opinions on the same problem. So, I suppose, it will be interesting for you to compare them manually.
Posted by MAD at 12:59 AM


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|Send News. Want a reply? Read this. More in the FAQ. News Forum - All Forums - Mobile - PDA - RSS Headlines Twitter
Valve, a Video Game Maker With Few Rules is a New York Times article on Valve Corporation, offering their own take on the developer's unusual approach to their business. They discuss the company's forward-thinking approach and unstructured structure as well as Gabe Newell's publiccriticism of Windows 8. They also outline the current state of Valve's hardware ambitions, giving firsthand impressions of a prototype of the wearable computer and the company's big picture UI mode, which they say will enter public testing tomorrow: "On Monday, the company will begin a public test of a new television-friendly interface, Big Picture, for buying Steam games and playing them on computers in the living room."
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This content first appeared in the Winter 2013 edition of Lenawee magazine.
Their faces look out at me from a century ago, framed in the wide-brimmed hats of the early 20th century, with tentative and uncertain expressions, as if anticipating the sorrow to come. Their names are scrawled across the lightest part of the picture: "Stella." "Vernie." "May."
At 19, Vernie is the youngest of the three, seated between her older sisters, Stella, 24, and May, 26. The trio are the eldest of Noah and Phyllis Brisbois' nine children. At that time, the Brisboises, my great-grandparents, lived off Pepper Road in Ecorse Township in what is now Lincoln Park, just south of Detroit.
My grandparents married in January 1919 and moved to a large farm in the Irish Hills when my father was young. By 1932, the Great Depression had hit Michigan hard, and many city folk were moving out to live with relatives on farms, where at least there was food to eat and a place to sleep.
Such was the case with my grandmother's sister, May, who also had young children. She and her husband, Henry Bondy, moved to my grandparents' Norvell Township farm from Detroit in 1932 with their children, Harold, Robert and William.
It was a hot and dry summer in Jackson County. There were chickens and a big garden, a dairy cow or two, some pigs and other animals. During the threshing season, straw had been stacked up as a makeshift shelter. There was a barn with hay bales stacked inside. And on Sept. 2, 1932, there were two little children, 4-year-old Juanita Mae and 2-year-old William, playing in the barn.
The Brooklyn Exponent reported it in detail. "A straw stack playhouse became a death trap for two little children on the Eli Lapham farm east of Vineyard Lake." It did not take long for the fire to burn its way through the dry hay and burn the children to death. My grandmother discovered the fire, according to the newspaper report, and was driven back by the blaze. Those who rushed to help could do nothing but watch.
My father's cousin Howard Perry of Farmington was 5 at the time and living in Detroit. His mother was my grandmother's younger sister, "Vi." At the funeral of my father's last surviving sister last summer, Howard recalled what he knew about the tragedy. He remembered walking into a store and seeing a headline in a Detroit newspaper about the fire. He recalled visits to the farm in the years after the fire and said my grandmother's arms had been badly burned.
"Your Mimmi's arms were scarred from that," Howard said.
I had never noticed and neither had my cousins who had lived with her for so many years. I imagine the horror of my father and his brothers, watching my grandmother trying frantically to get to her baby daughter, the flames singeing her dark hair and the heat scorching her forearms. I think about how she must have looked that day, only a decade or so after she'd posed for the photo with Stella, who was killed along with her newborn child only three years later in a car crash near Imlay City, and May, who shared the sorrow of losing a child that fateful summer.
The funeral for the children was held three days later, on Sept. 5. The newspaper account reports the charred remains of the two were placed in the same casket and buried in the churchyard cemetery. But their grave was never marked and the day never mentioned again, as if to obliterate their short lives and tragic deaths.
Twenty-six years later, I was born and given the name "Juanita Renee." The memory was too fresh for my parents to call me "Nita," so I became "Renee" and somehow knew not to ask questions of my grandparents or my father. Two years ago when I found the account of the fire, I wanted to find the grave and somehow commemorate the short lives of Juanita and Billy.
Last Sept. 2 marked 80 years since the fire. My sister and her husband, Rhoda and Tom May of Wauseon, frequently work estate sales and over the summer found a small cemetery monument at an estate sale for $40. Melody Camp at Adrian Monument worked with them to get the engraving done and arranged the setup.
Thanks to a map at St. Joseph Shrine, we knew the most likely site – known as C-95—and it was there on a warm December afternoon cemetery sexton Scott Hunt placed the concrete slab to cradle the single grave marker.
Two weeks later, a cold wind was blowing off Iron Lake as Leo LeClair of LeClair Monuments in Lambertville hauled the marble marker and its base off the back of his pickup and onto a dolly and made his way a short distance to the site. LeClair has been working in the monument business since he was a kid. He inherited the business and his talents from his grandfather. He remembers he once planned to be a chemical engineer but a program in the early 1970s showing a chemical engineer working as a janitor changed his mind.
"My grandfather told me I'd never make a lot of money but I'd always have a job," LeClair recalls as he sets the marker atop the concrete slab. "What's that saying? If you do what you love, you'll never work another day in your life."
I laugh with him and ask him just how long he's been engraving headstones. He tells me he's been doing designs since he was a kid but didn't start engraving until he was about 15. He's matched perfectly the font of the words "Our Baby" engraved on the gray marble stone at some previous time.
But space was limited so he couldn't put every single letter on its face, he explains as he straightened the stone on its base and retrieved his adhesive applicator. He works his way carefully around the base and tells me it will be set after 24 hours. He's looking again at the dates on the marker.
"It's been 80 years since they died?" he asks.
I nod.
"Well, it's good to do something like this," he says. "This way, they will be remembered. Everyone deserves to have something when they die."
We parted ways shortly after that. I stayed behind, studying the names, tracing them with my index finger and thinking about the lives lost and found again, laid to rest in the shade of a stone church.
Renee Lapham Collins is an assistant professor of journalism at Adrian College.


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Boy Scouts of America
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
|Boy Scouts of America
The National Council of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) supports 300 local councils that provide quality youth programs, including Cub Scouting, Scouts BSA, Venturing, Sea Scouting.
|— About the BSA
- From: BSA at a Glance — Scouting.org
The purpose of the Boy Scouts of America—incorporated on February 8, 1910, and chartered by Congress in 1916—is to provide an educational program for boys and young adults to build character, to train in the responsibilities of participating citizenship, and to develop personal fitness.
- MeritBadge.Org provides BSA Program resources for
- Cub Scouting
- Cub Scouting is a year-round family- and home-centered program that develops ethical decision-making skills for youth in the 1st - 5th grade or age 7 - 10. Key resources include the Webelos Scout Adventures. In additional, see the program materials for Lion, Tiger, Wolf, Bear, and Webelos Scouts. Cub Scouts activities include Cub Scout Day Camp, Cub Scout Resident Camp, Den Meetings, Pack Meetings, Pinewood Derby, and Blue and Gold Banquettes. Key positions include Denner, Den Chief, Den Leader, and Cubmaster.
- Scouts BSA
- Scouts BSA is the year-round program for youth age 11 - 17 that achieves the Aims and Methods of Scouting through a vigorous outdoor program and youth leadership with the counsel of an adult Scoutmaster. Scouts BSA Advancement resources include Scout through Eagle ranks and merit badge information. Key topics include Summer Camp, Merit Badges, Youth Members With Special Needs, Boards of Review, Courts of Honor, Scoutmaster Conferences, Order of the Arrow, and Positions of Responsibility.
- Venturing
- Venturing is a year-round program for young men and women who have completed the eighth grade through 20 years of age to provide positive experiences through exciting and meaningful youth-run activities that help them pursue their special interests, grow by teaching others, and develop leadership skills. Venturing information includes Venturing Award, Discovery Award, Pathfinder Award, Summit Award, Ranger Award, Quest Award, and the TRUST Award.
- Sea Scouting
- Sea Scouting is a specialized segment of the Venturing program, which was organized to address members' boating skills and promote knowledge of our maritime heritage. Swimming, lifesaving, first aid, Coast Guard Auxiliary Sailing and Seamanship, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses are taught with the ship by its officers. Rank resources include: Apprentice, Ordinary, Able, and Quartermaster Award.
- Merit Badges
- MeritBadge.Org has a wealth of merit badge resources. Check out the worksheets and links on the Merit Badge Worksheets page. Did you ever wonder how many Scouts have earned Leatherwork Merit Badge? What is the most popolar? What is the most rare? The answers are at Merit Badges Earned.
- Scouter Awards
- There are dozens of awards for Scout Leaders. Whether you wear the knot or not, you should deliver the full qualify program these awards require.
See the Bookshelf for books and down-loadable materials.
The Boy Scouts of America was incorporated on February 8 under the laws of the District of Columbia by W. D. Boyce...
Local Councils
Each unit is supported by a BSA local council, a nonprofit corporation. The local council does not provide service directly to individual boys. Rather, it offers a program to chartered organizations that operate Cub Scout packs, providing a number of common resources for all packs in a specific geographic area. In some areas, councils divide their territory into districts, which provide direct-to-unit service to a smaller number of units.
Chartered Organizations
Community-based organizations receive national charters to use the Scouting program as a part of their own youth work. These groups, which have goals compatible with those of the BSA, include religious, educational, civic, fraternal, business, and labor organizations; governmental bodies; corporations; professional associations; and citizens' groups.
Volunteer Leaders
Volunteer Leaders serve at all levels of Scouting in more than 300 local councils, 28 areas, and four regions, and nationally with volunteer executive boards and committees providing guidance. There are a number of Scouter Awards available for adult leaders.
Each autonomous local council is chartered by the BSA, which provides program and training aids along the guidelines established by the National Executive Board and the national charter from Congress.
- National Activities
- National Jamborees
- Northern Tier National High Adventure Program offers wilderness canoe expeditions and cold-weather camping
- Florida National High Adventure Sea Base offers aquatics programs in the Florida Keys
- Philmont Scout Ranch offers backpacking treks in the rugged high country of northern New Mexico
- The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve is the site of national Jamborees
Financial Support
The National Council is supported largely through annual registration fees paid by all members, charter and service fees paid by local councils, sales of magazines and Scouting equipment, bequests, and special gifts. Local councils are supported by communities through an annual Friends of Scouting campaign, the United Way, special events, foundation grants, investment income, bequests, endowment gifts, and special contributions.
On the unit level, chartered organizations that use the Scouting program provide meeting places and often furnish program materials and other facilities. Youth members help to pay their own way by paying dues to their pack, troop, team, ship, crew, or post treasuries, and through approved money-earning projects, they can earn additional income for their units.
Membership and Units
Membership since 1910 totals more than 112 million. As of December 31, 2007, membership was:
|Youth Members
|Adult Members
|Tiger Cubs
|Cub Scout leaders
|Cub Scout packs
|Cub Scouts
|Webelos Scouts
|Boy Scouts
|Boy Scout leaders
|Boy Scout troops
|Varsity Scouts
|Varsity Scout leaders
|Varsity Scout teams
|Venturing leaders
|Venturing crews
|Council Scouters
|Total Youth
|Total Adults
|Total units
National Office Contact Information
- Mailing Address: PO Box 152079, Irving, TX 75015-2079
- Physical Address: 1325 W. Walnut Hill Lane, Irving, TX 75038
- Office Phone: 972-580-2000
- email: [[1]]
- Donation Support: [[2]]
- Media inquiries: [[3]]
See also
- Recruiting
- Cub Scout Packs • Scout Troop • Venturing Crew • Sea Scout Ship • Explorer Club / Post
- World Organization of the Scout Movement
External links
Official BSA Resources
- Boy Scouts of America main site
- Boy Scouts of America: Commissioners
- Scouts BSA Advancement and Awards
- Boys' Life magazine 1.3 million copies monthly tailored for Cub Scout, Scouts, and older youth.
- Scouting magazine for all registered adult leaders (Scouters)
- BSA Legal
- National Scouting Museum
- Rules and Regulations of the Boy Scouts of America (June 2018 printing) — Scouting.org
- Charter and Bylaws of the Boy Scouts of America (June 2018 printing) — Scouting.org
- BSA Racing
- BSA Adopt-A-School
- BSA Fact Sheets — Scouting.org
- How To Get Involved!
- Be A Scout / Scout Me In – Locate local Scouting units
- Scouting Alumni and Friends
- BSA Organizations
- National Eagle Scout Association NESA's page
- Order of the Arrow Scouting's National Honor Society for Scouts, Venturers, and Sea Scouts
- Buy It!
- Scout Shop
- Tooth of Time Traders (Philmont Store)


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Mose Allison Finds Success With New Album 'The Way Of The World'
Mose Allison's new album The Way Of The World has proven an unequivocal success for the influential and ever iconoclastic jazz/blues artist. Since the record's March 23rd release, the critical response has been one of unanimous and effusive praise. Even more rewarding is the fact that Allison's first studio album in 12 years has proven an undeniable hit with music fans. Upon its release the record has garnered the #1 position on the CMJ jazz chart for two weeks running, entered the Amazon.com Jazz chart at #1 and is #3 on the Soundscan Jazz chart. In fact, sales numbers are indicating that The Way Of The World will likely be Allison's biggest selling non greatest hits album ever. Not bad for a fiery 82 year old hepcat with well over twenty albums under his belt.
Acclaim for Mose Allison's The Way Of The World:
"Too jazzy for pop, too poppy for jazz and too smartass for either, Allison is a tuneful misfit with a killer songbook (covered by the Rolling Stones, the Who, the Clash). Allison's leathery voice, sharp wit and jaunty piano improvisations remain remarkably undiminished. Theological highlight: the Swiftian "Modest Proposal," which suggests that amid global jihad, we should give all gods a vacation. It's timeless beatnik logic for a beat-up world." - Rolling Stone
"On his first album in 12 years, the blues pianist's voice has caught up with his attitude; he's now 82, but his sardonic wit and clipped delivery retain their sting." - Time
"Mose Allison sings like a sage and he's not about to change. He bridges the divides between the blues, pop and jazz on The Way Of The World, his first studio album in 12 years. The common denominator on the 12 cuts is the joy with which Allison tackles the task, humming like a child when not singing like a sage. And he has never played better... Is it possible an octogenarian has made the year's best record? Yes." - Associated Press
"The Way of the World is a master's course in songwriting." - American Songwriter
"Allison can still deliver his wry, biting lyrics with unmatched authority and wit" - Chicago Reader
"A late-life triumph" - The New Yorker
"Allison remains sharp as broken glass." - Paste


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If you know the lawn mower repair part you need, you can browse the list of all parts on the P216012, or you can search by name or part description. You can also find your part by where it is located on the P216012 by selecting a section below.
All brand logos are trademarks of their respective owners.
The PartSelect logo is a Registered Trademark of Atlantic Laundry Centres, Ltd.
Copyright © 1999-2019, Eldis Group Partnership. All rights reserved.


text:
- 1 GRUB Legacy stuff should be removed
- 3 GRUB_GFXMODE may not work with a depth parameter
- 4 Custom keyboard layout
- 5 Please make the different options for changing the MBR more clear
- 6 Backing up grub-legacy bootcode
- 7 GRUB2 + Windows 7 TrueCrypt-encrypted partition
- 8 grub-mkconfig with several os
- 9 Need simplified steps
- 10 encrypted /boot
- 11
Grub2 (GPT on non-EFI hardware, meaning on PcBios)
GRUB Legacy stuff should be removed
I mean, seriously, the page is loaded with too much information anyway. And also because of this: http://www.archlinux.org/news/grub-legacy-no-longer-supported/ --DSpider (talk) 17:41, 29 August 2012 (UTC)
Is there any reason why grub should be installed to /boot/efi/efi/grub and not to /boot/efi? UEFI wants to have the efi-image unter <EFI SYSTEM PARTITION>/efi/name, so /boot/efi/grub should do the trick. Additionally, mounting (e.g.) /dev/sda1 to /boot/efi and just placing the grub there will possibly conflict with having a LVM+LUKS setup, where /boot will then be encrypted. At the moment I'm running a funtoo installation on a thinkpad x121e with /dev/sda1 (200MB, fat32, sectors 1 - 201) mounted to /boot and /dev/sda2 being a LUKS encrypted system. /boot contains the bzImage and /boot/efi/boot/bootx64.efi is the grub-image.
Note: there should possibly be a section/table here containing information what firmware expects what name. having /boot/efi/grub/grub.efi didn't work for me, and as noted in the thinkwiki for an x220, /boot/efi/boot/bootx64.efi works fine. --Rochus 13:59, 16 August 2011 (EDT)
@Rochus: You have mounted your EFISYS partition at /boot ir you are using same part as both EFISYS and /boot and it is FAT32 formatted. The actual path is <EFI_SYS_PART>/efi/grub/grub.efi wherein <EFI_SYS_PART> is usually /boot/efi or in your case /boot itself.
But I do not understand your argument about mounting EFISYS at /boot/efi conflicting with LVM+LUKS. I don't have such a config in my system to understand what you are coming to say. <EFI_SYS_PART>/efi/boot/bootx64.efi is just a fallback path incase there's no boot entry in UEFI Boot Manager (see efibootmgr section). I already mentioned in the article that "If you have mounted EFISYS part at a different mountpoint, replace /boot/efi with that mountpoint in all the commands". I suppose that explains it. It is better to have /boot separate from EFISYS partition. I have /dev/sda1 as 200 MiB FAT32 EFISYS mounted at /boot/efi and /dev/sda3 as 400 MiB ext4 /boot part. For /boot/efi/grub/grub.efi to work you have to add a boot entry to grub.efi in the UEFI Boot Manager using efibootmgr utility. -- Keshav P R 23:15, 28 August 2011 (IST)
GRUB_GFXMODE may not work with a depth parameter
I'm installing on an i5 system with Intel graphics, and found that I could not get a background image if I used any depth parameter in GRUB_GFXMODE=; if I used the 0x value I got the same errors. I would get a black screen with a blue box, titled "Out of Range" and some H. Frequency and V. Frequency parameters. The boot continued in the background, and eventually I got the normal scroll of information during the boot. What I found was that if I just used a resolution, e.g., 800x600, with nothing more, it worked fine. Not sure if this is something for the wiki here or elsewhere, or something to post in the forums; but it should be somewhere to save the next person the hassle of figuring it out, I think. -- Timm 13:08, 29 October 2011 (EDT)
Custom keyboard layout
Hi. Could we add a section explaining how you can set your preferred keyboard layout within GRUB2? As i found here, we need the ckbcomp script, which can be obtained from Debian console-setup package.
Here's how I made things work:
ckbcomp it | grub-mklayout -o /boot/grub/it.gkb
Then, I manually edited
/boot/grub/grub.cfg, adding the following lines:
terminal_input at_keyboard keymap (hd0,2)/boot/grub/it.gkb
This worked for me, but as of now, i think it's a very dirty method. Is there some support for keyboard layouts within
Cheers. --Hilinus 12:50, 26 December 2011 (EST)
I followed instructions on the grub-devel mailing list. First you insert
/etc/default/grub. Then you get ckbcomp Perl script from Ubuntu or Debian and execute (for Slovene layout)
$ ckbcomp si | grub-mklayout -o si.gkb Unknown key KP_Comma Unknown key KP_Comma Unknown key KP_Comma Unknown key KP_Comma Unknown keycode 0x79 $ sudo mv si.gkb /boot/grub/
After that you add
insmod keylayouts keymap /boot/grub/si.gkb
/etc/grub.d/40_custom and finally generate new grub.cfg with
$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Cheers. --drevo 17:47, 6 January 2012 (EST)
The version of ckbcomp I got from Debian Squeeze kept giving this error:
Unknown name $sun_t6_custom
The Ubuntu Precise version worked out of the box.
A temporary solution for layouts would be an AUR package for ckbcomp or to distribute .gkb files somehow, but the proper solution would be for grub-mklayout to accept keymaps(5) files.
--Schizius (talk) 18:44, 26 July 2012 (UTC)
Please make the different options for changing the MBR more clear
The three options here are only separated by a bit unclear titles, and if people follow the links, they might be confused.Jasper1984 (talk) 16:03, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
Backing up grub-legacy bootcode
Both grub2 and grub-legacy write to the space between the end of the MBR and the beginning of the first partition. I'm no expert on this matter; I just learned about it today. That said, it makes me question the usefulness of the dd backup/restore method in the Backup Important Data section. --Alphaniner (talk) 20:07, 25 July 2012 (UTC)
- As far as I know, only GRUB2 uses the post-MBR gap. GRUB2 will notice when there is not enough space at the post-MBR gap and return a warning message (without overwriting anything, see [[1]]) 6arms1leg (talk) 15:45, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
GRUB2 + Windows 7 TrueCrypt-encrypted partition
here is a link to my notes from my experience going thru this and Ubuntu Forum post which helped me a GREAT DEAL with this issue - below is a quick HOWTO ::
# ls -al /mnt/win7drive/Users/me/Documents/TrueCrypt\ Rescue\ Disk.iso -rwx------ 2 me users 1835008 Sep 5 2011 /mnt/win7/Users/me/Documents/TrueCrypt Rescue Disk.iso
# sudo cp /mnt/win7/Users/me/Documents/TrueCrypt\ Rescue\ Disk.iso /boot/ # mv /boot/TrueCrypt\ Rescue\ Disk.iso /boot/truecryptDesktop.iso
# pacman -S syslinux
# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/memdisk /boot/
# ls -alt /boot total 26388 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 29 04:01 . -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26140 Jul 29 04:01 memdisk -rwx------ 1 root root 1835008 Jul 29 03:59 truecryptDesktop.iso .... ....
#mount | grep /boot /dev/sda3 on /boot type ext3 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
# vi /etc/grub.d/40_custom menuentry "Microsoft Windows 7 x64 Home Premium" { insmod part_msdos set root='(hd0,msdos3)' linux16 ($root)/memdisk iso raw initrd16 ($root)/truecryptDesktop.iso }
# sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
--Fnord0 (talk) 17:59, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
grub-mkconfig with several os
I use several OS (Windows, Arch, Ubuntu, Gentoo) on different partitions. os-prober only found Arch, Windows and Ubuntu -- strangely not Gentoo. But when I mount the gentoo partition, it's found. I don't know, whether this is the case, because I resized the partition, gentoo lives on, or whether this is the `default' behaviour. If so, should the Wiki mention that mounting the partitions help?
--Skunk (talk) 19:46, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
Need simplified steps
I think GRUB2#Preliminary_Requirements_for_GRUB2 part is optional in some cases. If so, it should be noted as optional.
os-prober is quite useful, it should be put at the beginning of the articles, such as preparation.
In my case, I only did the backup, install grub-bios, install os-prober, GRUB2#Install_to_440-byte_MBR_boot_code_region, edit
/etc/grub.d/40_custom, and finally grub-mkconfig. My computer is dual-boot with Windows 7.
--Allencch (talk) 00:23, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
encrypted /boot
Just so I remember when I come back to edit the article, grub-install (2.00) currently requires the GRUB_CRYPTODISK_ENABLE environment variable be set to "y". --Buhman (talk) 05:58, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
Grub2 (GPT on non-EFI hardware, meaning on PcBios)
There are people who still use PCbios, and it's not going away anytime soon +the fact that drives are getting bigger than 2.2TB..
There are advantages to GPT that's for sure. But if any of you would update that wiki
->GPT drives+Grub2(non-Efi bootloader)+PcBios
In order for grub2 to boot properly, in this setup, it needs it's own reserved partition. It can be less than 1 meg, as long as big enough to hold <core.img> of grub2. This bios_grub partition can be anywhere on the drive(but for eg, it cannot be inside LVM)
The wiki doesn't say how to make this small unformatted partition, though it mentions about the bios_grub partition.
By least of worry, I simply use 1 megabyte of an unformatted partition, add the bios_grub partition flag, and then install grub to the drive with grub-install.
I use a generic approach to creating this partition for arch and non-arch linux users.. I'm still very new to arch, so I wouldn't know if the parted command is available with it's boot cd.. Having said this I hope it's not intrusive that I tend to use gparted-livecd in order for one to "prep" the drive.. Linux distro installers would fully install for this scenario, but fail to install grub properly
Anybody has done this sort of GPT setup before? It doesn't say how large the unformatted partition has to be on the grub manual, but only if it's large enough..
- actually it is in the wiki and the upstream grub manual. And yes, doing this is not unprecedented. Please remember to sign your edits to talk pages. --Buhman (talk) 03:27, 25 February 2013 (UTC)


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Those of you who know me know that I get excited by clever tricks. So, sometimes I take a break from writing about the latest and greatest scientific results, and talk about some cool new way of performing an experiment. You can think of these sorts of developments as enablers of better research.
Recently, a group of researchers has shown a very simple way to control light pulses with unheard of precision, which will make a whole class of common physics experiments accessible to many more researchers.
I punched him in the face to see how the crowd would react
Before we get to their cool trick, I want to describe a very common physics experiment, called a pump-probe experiment. Imagine that you want to test and understand the full range of human interaction. You could spend years observing people in different situations, noting their reactions and drawing correlations between behavior and environmental stressors.
A physicist would probably not take this approach. Being simple-minded, we would walk into a room full of people, punch someone very hard in the face, and walk out again. We'd then observe all the people in the room, noting their reactions to the initial event, to each other, and to whoever entered the room as a function of time. Essentially, we use one shocking event to probe as large a range of human behavior as possible.
Regretfully, these experiments are unethical, so physicists get their kicks by being cruel to atoms and molecules instead. The same experimental approach is taken; a large and very short laser pulse kicks a bunch of atoms into a highly excited state. We then follow that with a second, weaker laser pulse that measures some aspect of the atoms. For example, the second laser pulse might attempt to kick an electron out of an atom, but can only do that if the first put the electron in a specific state.
To give you an idea of the time scales we care about, electrons do interesting things in about a femtosecond (10-15s), so a short sharp shock needs to be in the attosecond (10-18s) region. Likewise, to measure where or what an electron is doing right now requires a laser pulse with attosecond duration.
Generating these light pulses is relatively simple. A charged particle, like an electron, will radiate light when it is accelerated. To get attosecond pulses, one simply needs to put an electron through a very short, powerful acceleration. But where would you get a large, accelerating field? A pulse of laser light, of course. Certain lasers can produce pulses of light that are just a few femtoseconds in duration, but have huge intensities. These fields are so strong that, when they encounter an atom, they simply rip an electron away from it and give it a short, very violent joy ride.
Although the electron is initially driven out of the atom and accelerated away, the electric field associated with light oscillates. So, as the electric field changes sign, it drives the electron back to the atom, where it slams back into place. All the energy gathered by the electron during this process is released during that moment of violent deceleration as a single, high-energy photon.
By carefully controlling the relationship between the laser light pulse envelope—the flash that one would see if you could measure fast enough—and the electric field that makes up that pulse, one can ensure that very short light bursts are emitted. Hence, attosecond pulses are... easy. Simply blast a laser beam through a gas jet.
So, getting the pulses are easy. Using them experimentally is more tricky, because you need to control the timing between two pulses. We ask the electron "What are you doing right now?" But, actually, right now means "in the time since we gave you a good kicking." We know the two laser pulses—one to do the kicking and one to do the asking—have attosecond duration, but to get reliable answers, we need to know the time delay between them to much less than attosecond precision.
Like getting a hair to sit still in Manhattan
But timing is a nightmare. Light travels at about 300 million meters per second, so in an attosecond, a light pulse travels only 0.3nm. Even the movement of mirrors due to thermal effects, passing air currents, and mechanical vibrations will produce changes that are much, much larger than that. So the timing problem comes down to one of mechanical stability: controlling the relative positions of a pair of mirrors to within 0.3nm. That can be done, but only to within 10nm. It involves rather dramatic amounts of technology, dedicated technicians, and a huge budget.
The only alternative is to be really clever.
Remember how above I said that you need to control the relationship between the light's underlying electric field and its pulse envelope to generate short pulses? This also controls where within the overall light pulse the attosecond pulse is generated. Under ordinary conditions, the phase of the light (which is related to its electric field) doesn't change: if I measure the phase at one location and then let the light propagate a few meters, I will find no change.
But this is not true when light passes through the focus of a lens. In the region of the focus, the light behaves as if it is travelling slightly faster—indeed the phase of the light is travelling faster. So, the phase relative to the envelope of the pulse changes by a half cycle over a few millimeters. So by placing two sources of atoms (typically, jets of gas) at different locations relative to the focus of the lens, we can create two attosecond pulses with a defined separation.
Let me explain that another way: if I had no lens, but just two gas jets separated by five millimeters, then the light encounters the first gas jet and generates an attosecond pulse. That travels with the light beam to the second gas jet where it generates a second attosecond pulse that overlaps perfectly with the first. You simply get a more intense attosecond pulse. From an outside perspective, you have a single attosecond pulse, and the number of gas jets makes no difference.
Now, we add a lens. The first gas jet is five millimeters before the focus and the other is right in the focus of the lens. The phase shift due to the focusing of a lens, causes the second attosecond pulse to be generated slightly earlier within the laser pulse than expected, so the two attosecond pulses do not overlap. From the perspective of the experimenter, two attosecond pulses are generated, and their separation depends on where the two gas jets are with respect to the focal point of a lens.
Suddenly, instead of worrying about the stability of two mirrors with respect to each other, all you need do is place two gas jets at different locations within a light field.
To put it in perspective, a change of about 15mm in one gas jet position changes the timing between two attosecond pulses by, at most, a femtosecond. That means both that you have very precise control over the timing, and that small changes in the position of the gas jet don't change the delay all that much. Indeed, the researchers showed that their pulse generation scheme was stable to within 100zs (10-21s). To do this using normal optics would require positioning your hardware with an accuracy of about the radius of a single hydrogen atom.
But that isn't science
There are those who philosophize at great lengths about science as a method. To them science is the tool, and all the lab equipment and so on is a necessary evil that is required to make the tool function. What matters are the great results that make us scratch our heads and rethink our understanding of the world. What gets forgotten in this perspective is that these great new results are usually generated by equipment that was unavailable to the previous generation of scientists.
It is rare that the glory is shared by the instrument makers. So, you can view this column as applause for everyone who spent a few years of their lives putting together a machine for someone else to make all the cool measurements with.
Physical Review Letters, 2012, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.263902