text:
|Gilderoy Lockhart
|Biographical information
26 January,[1] unknown year
|Physical information
|Hair colour
|Eye colour
|Skin colour
|Magical characteristics
- "Celebrity is as celebrity does."
- —Gilderoy Lockhart to Harry Potter[src]
Professor Gilderoy Lockhart (b. 26 January,[1] unknown year), Order of Merlin - Third Class (possibly retracted), was a wizard, a Ravenclaw student at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, and later a famous wizarding celebrity who authored many books on dark creatures and his encounters with them. Prior to his tenure as Professor of Defence Against the Dark Arts at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry during the 1992–1993 school year, he received many prestigious awards, such as Order of Merlin, Third Class; Honorary Member of the Dark Force Defence League; and five-time winner of Witch Weekly's Most Charming Smile Award. He never actually did any of the heroic acts he claimed to have done but instead used his considerable talent in Memory Charms to force the actual people who had done them into forgetting what they did. Ironically, Lockhart lost his memory on 29 May, 1993 due to a backfired Memory Charm cast by Ron Weasley's damaged wand and he became a permanent resident of St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries. Following his institutionalization, he penned his final book entitled Who Am I?
Early lifeEdit
Little is known of Lockhart's early life, and considering his dishonesty, everything he says must be taken with a grain of salt. He claimed that he was once a nobody and, apparently, tried to get himself noticed as a child, but failed, although he developed a precocious talent for Memory Charms.
Born on 26 January,[1] Lockhart attended Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, and was Sorted into Ravenclaw House.[3] However, given his complete inability to cast simple spells, he may not have excelled in his studies. Lockhart also claimed that he was once a Seeker, suggesting that he played Quidditch, and offered to give Harry Potter private Quidditch lessons, an offer which Harry did not respond to. A photo he kept in his classroom showed him riding a broomstick and wearing Ravenclaw Quidditch robes, so it is possible that he was once on the Ravenclaw Quidditch team, or else that he staged the photo to make it appear as if he had been.[3] He also claimed that he had been asked to try out for the National Squad but turned the offer down to dedicate his life to, in his words, "eradicating dark forces." However, this is most probably false as he never actually 'eradicated' any dark forces.
After graduating from Hogwarts (it is unknown how he did so, considering his poor academic abilities), Gilderoy Lockhart became an accomplished author. Tracking actual accomplished wizards and witches who did great deeds, Lockhart tricked them into revealing their courses of actions, then erased their memories with his Memory Charms and used what he learned from them to publish such great deeds in his own name and credits. His books were very popular, and he reserved a special quill of peacock feather just for book signings. He also received many awards for his supposedly great deeds, while managing to hide his fraudulence successfully.
During the 1992–1993 school year, seven of his books were assigned to become textbooks for the Defence Against the Dark Arts course for Hogwarts school that year, which resulted in a very expensive book list. As a publicity stunt, Lockhart dragged Harry Potter into the limelight during his book-signing of Magical Me, where the photographer kept taking pictures of the famous pair, and then gifted Harry with a brand-new set of all his books that were required for school, along with his autobiography. Harry gave them to Ginny Weasley, both because he could afford his own set and also because he did not particularly cherish his interaction with Lockhart, but instead felt embarrassed from all the unwanted attention that Lockhart attracted for him. Unaware of Harry's resentment and forfeiture of the gifted book set, Lockhart announced that he would become the professor of Defence Against the Dark Arts of Hogwarts, which was met with applause from the audience.
Career at HogwartsEdit
Early classesEdit
- "Let me introduce you to your new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher.... me!"
- —Gilderoy Lockhart[src]
Being the only willing applicant for the cursed position, Gilderoy Lockhart became Professor of Defence Against the Dark Arts at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry during the 1992–1993 school year. His classroom and office at Hogwarts were decorated with pictures and portraits of himself (even one of himself painting another portrait of himself) which moved and smiled. He also decorated the office with copies of his publications.
For his first lesson, he gave his second-year class a test which had nothing to do with defence, but instead concerned his autobiography, Magical Me and the parts of his books just referring to him, such as his favourite colour and his ideal birthday present. He claimed that it was a "little quiz," but it ran for three pages with fifty-four questions. He then proceeded to release a cage full of Cornish Pixies into the classroom, causing a large amount of pandemonium, then irresponsibly instructing Harry, Ron, and Hermione to clean up after the mess while running back into his office. He was the least bit popular among his fellow Hogwarts staff members and constantly gave them unsolicited pieces of advice on their specialties. Harry and his friends also found him quite obnoxious and could not take him seriously as a professor. Even Rubeus Hagrid, the gamekeeper, who usually refrained from criticising teachers, showed public disdain for Lockhart. Many male students, such as Ron Weasley, also considered Lockhart to be annoying and incompetent, and gave him very little respect outside of his presence. However, Lockhart's charms had attracted many schoolgirls such as Hermione Granger and Susan Bones.
After the pixie chaos, Lockhart did not bring any more live creatures into class, but instead read from his books and re-enacted several portions of his "achievements," sometimes dragging Harry to help him with it. The only reason Harry agreed to do so was to get a signed permission from Lockhart for a book in the Restricted Section of the library, which he signed without even paying attention to what book they wanted. Due to Lockhart's overall poor performances, the class did not learn anything about true defence, and Ron claimed that he only learned not to set pixies loose, and would have dropped the course had he been allowed to.
Irritating Harry PotterEdit
- "You could've fried an egg on your face."
- —Ron Weasley, after Lockhart embarrasses Harry[src]
For the majority of the year, Lockhart kept hounding on Harry, trying to use him to boost his own fame, much to Harry's humiliation and irritation. Lockhart made it look as though Harry was trying to use his fame of defeating Lord Voldemort to make a name in the wizarding world, that the Flying Ford Anglia he rode on to school was a publicity stunt, and that he was enjoying his companionship with Lockhart and ignored much of Harry's attempted contradictions to these ridiculous hypotheses.
Lockhart personally requested Harry to help him answer his fan mails for detention, while bombarding Harry with his advices for fame, and thought Harry would think of this as a treat, much to the contrary. In fact, Harry practically begged Profesor McGonagall to help Ron's detention in assisting Argus Filch in cleaning the Trophy Room instead, though the strict Transfiguration teacher refused. Harry then suffered several long hours of dull boredom, addressing envelopes. When Harry heard mysterious voices during this detention, Lockhart thought Harry was merely tired.
After a Quidditch match between Gryffindor and Slytherin, in which the Gryffindor Seeker Harry Potter had his arm broken by a rogue Bludger, Lockhart offered to help repair his arm, while ignoring Harry's refusal, but ended up removing all the bones in Harry's arm. Lockhart founded a short-lived duelling club for students. He made a fool of himself at the very first meeting by firstly being disarmed by Severus Snape and then claiming that he allowed Snape to do so. He also angered a snake conjured by Draco Malfoy by launching it into the air rather than vanishing it, causing it to aim at Justin Finch-Fletchley.
When Hermione Granger was in the hospital wing for a malfunction dosage of Polyjuice Potion, Lockhart sent her a get-well card, with an unnecessarily long introduction of himself as a signature. Hermione slept with this under her pillow, much to Ron Weasley's disgust.
Valentine's Day and the Chamber of SecretsEdit
During Valentine's Day, Lockhart, wearing lurid pink robes, completely redecorated the Great Hall with pink flowers and raining heart-shaped confetti as a morale-booster to cheer up the mood against the Chamber of Secrets incident, much to the distaste of Ron Weasley and the teachers. Lockhart received at least forty-six valentines, one of which was from Hermione Granger, and made insensitive comments about Entrancing Enchantments and Love Potions towards Professors Flitwick and Snape, respectively. This made Flitwick bury his face in his hands in embarrassment, and Snape look as though he would force-feed poison to anyone who dare ask him for a Love Potion. He even had dwarfs wear golden wings and carry harps to deliver valentines throughout the school, which they do (even if they have to do so forcibly), much to Harry's embarrassment when one forced him to listen to one from Ginny Weasley by knocking him down.
When the Chamber of Secrets was opened, Lockhart made false claims about that he knew where the Chamber was and what the monster of Slytherin is all along. He even claimed that he knew Rubeus Hagrid was guilty all along when the Minister for Magic arrested the former. While the other teachers were serious and tense from all the attacks, Lockhart was the only one who remained relaxed and uncaring about these security measures. In one instance walked up to a scene with a cheery personality and stated, "Sorry I'm late, what did I miss?"
On 29 May, 1993, when Ginny Weasley was taken into the Chamber of Secrets, the other teachers told Lockhart to go down to the Chamber and deal with the monster, in response to his arrogance and many claims that he knew how to solve the problem. Instead of trying to rescue Ginny, Lockhart attempted to run away from the school, but was caught by Harry Potter and Ron Weasley when they came to his office to give him information regarding the Chamber. Harry and Ron forced Lockhart to go down to the Chamber with them.
There, Lockhart seized Ron's broken wand and attempted to perform a total Memory Charm on Harry and Ron, planning on taking a piece of basilisk skin back up to the surface and tell everyone that he was too late to save Ginny and that the two "tragically" lost their minds at sight of her mangled body. The wand backfired and the charm hit Lockhart instead, causing him to lose all of his memories and become a permanent resident of St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries. His departure from school was met with the joy and celebration of many students and teachers.
Despite his incapacitation, Lockhart continued his career as an author, after a fashion, writing the book Who Am I?
Permanent incapacitationEdit
On Christmas, 1995, Harry Potter saw Lockhart at St. Mungo's in the Janus Thickey Ward. He had regained his memory to the extent that he could write in cursive ("with joined-up letters"), and still enjoyed signing autographs. Ron felt somewhat guilty, since his malfunctioning wand was responsible for damaging Lockhart's memories, but Harry felt less sympathetic, for it was Lockhart's attempt to remove their memories in the first place that resulted in this backfire. Overall, Harry observed Lockhart had not changed much and voiced this opinion, making Ginny giggle.
The Healer who looked after Lockhart, Miriam Strout, stated he never got visitors, suggesting that his family was either dead or did not care for him, or consists of only Muggles. However, Lockhart still received fan mail including weekly letters from Gladys Gudgeon, though he had no idea why. He also kept his peacock-feather quill, though it had become somewhat battered by that time, so that he could keep signing autographs.
Though he did retain some memories Lockhart never fully recovered, fortunately, however, he is known to be happier that way.[4]
Physical descriptionEdit
- "To Miss Granger, wishing you a speedy recovery, from your concerned teacher, Professor Gilderoy Lockhart, Order of Merlin, Third Class, Honorary Member of the Dark Force Defence League and five-time winner of Witch Weekly's Most-Charming-Smile Award."
- —Lockhart's 'Get Well' card to Hermione Granger[src]
Gilderoy Lockhart was a foppish, blandly handsome wizard with wavy blonde hair and particularly straight and shiny teeth. He was known for wearing flamboyant and flashy robes in a wide assortment of colours.
However, during his moments of cowardice, Lockhart's handsomeness was lost, as he looked weak-chinned and foolish in the midst of his ineptitude.
Personality and traitsEdit
- "Lockhart'll sign anything if it stands still long enough."
- —Ron Weasley to Hermione Granger[src]
Gilderoy was extremely vain and highly self-obsessed. He claimed to have done many great deeds, though in actuality he was a fraud and merely took credit for other wizards and witches' accomplishments. He also made claims and suggestions, whether about other people's professions or in times of danger, in order to make himself look more important and powerful than he truly was. His attempts to earn himself more fame also led him to attempt spells without fully understanding them (such as removing Harry's bones instead of mending them, and launching a snake into the air instead of making it vanish). It is also speculated that he invented some incantations and names for spells that do not actually exist, such as Peskipiksi Pesternomi, the Transmogrifian Torture, and the Homorphus Charm.
Lockhart's narcissism and insensitive suggestions irked most of the people he encountered who were not included among his fans. His unprofessional behaviour earned him the dislike of the Hogwarts faculty, as well as many of the students. Lockhart was overall considered a joke by Hogwarts, and when he left due to memory loss, the majority (if not the entirety) of the school was elated to see him go.
He also seemed to be completely oblivious to the reactions he elicited from other people, or misinterpreted them completely. When Ron looked revolted at his ostentatious peacock quill, Lockhart thought Ron was admiring it. He ignored Harry's many attempts to contradict his theories of enjoying his company and attention, as well as Harry's pleas for Lockhart to leave his broken arm alone, and also completely failed to notice the looks of hatred he received from the rest of the faculty for his ignorance. He asserted that Hogwarts was safe from the monster of Slytherin after Hagrid was arrested, claiming extra security was no longer necessary, and though proven wrong almost immediately, Lockhart stubbornly refused to retract his earlier claims, and continued to complain about how the extra security was tiring him out.
When faced with true danger, Gilderoy showed his true cowardice. He attempted to flee from Hogwarts when the other teachers pressured him into entering the Chamber of Secrets after Ginny Weasley's abduction. Even after the location of the Chamber's entrance was discovered, he was willing to leave Ginny Weasley to die, attempting to modify Harry and Ron's memories to cover himself.
- "My dear boy, do use your common sense! My books wouldn't have sold have as well if people didn't think I did all those things..."
- —Lockhart's response to Harry Potter.[src]
Despite his lack of ability in other areas of magic, Lockhart was skilled in Memory Charms, and was conniving enough to deceive other wizards and witches to thoroughly reveal their work to him before erasing their memories and claim the credits for himself. He also appeared to have been a skilled writer, publishing many books consisting primarily of his embellishments of other people's achievements, taking credit for them as his own. Given his propensity for lying, however, it cannot be said for certain that Lockhart himself actually wrote any of the books. Lockhart's sorting into the Ravenclaw house was also strange, as he did not show the intelligence that characterise its students. However, the Sorting Hat does take into consideration the wishes of the students, as in the case of Hermione Granger and Harry Potter. It also may have sorted him into Ravenclaw because of his ability to affect the minds of others and while he was not intelligent himself, Lockhart did have a talent for using spells that affected other peoples minds (if only the Memory Charm).
Magical abilities and skillsEdit
Lockhart was generally described as being an incompetent wizard, with the possible exception of Charms and Flying.
- Charms: Lockhart's ability to charm is not truly known, though there is some evidence to suggest that he was truly proficient in this area of magic in general. He could magnificently perform without fail the Memory Charm, which he used to erase the memories of others to gain his fame. He could also competently teach the Second Year charm Verdimillious Duo (red form).
- Flight: Lockhart owned a picture of himself in Quidditch robes, suggesting that he possibly played for some Quidditch team (though his claim of being propositioned by International Quidditch Team is somewhat more dubious).
- Magical Knowledge: Lockhart has made many claims regarding magical situations and his expertise in them, such as the Transmogrifian Torture and the Homorphus Charm, either when authoring his books or giving out pointers. Given that he merely stole credits from more able wizards, it stands to reason that Lockhart merely used whatever he learned from his victims to show off, and that he himself has no true understanding of what these facts meant. This seems especially true when he attempted to practise actual magic in front of people; the spells he chose always had unforeseen effects (he'd most likely heard of them from his victims and chose them for their impressive sound, without knowing what they actually did). Furthermore, his accuracy with such facts may be exaggerated when he speaks of them, as they seem impossible by magical standards, such as the Homorphus Charm can cure lycanthropy, which is in truth an incurable condition.
- Duellist: Lockhart considered himself to be a skilled duellist and he was in charge of the Duelling Club during his year at Hogwarts. However he was easily defeated by Severus Snape and later he was quickly disarmed by Harry Potter.
- Spellcraft: Lockhart may have fancied himself as a Spellcrafter; it is very possible that any of the spells the was seen performing were made up by him on the spot (this would explain why they never seemed to go the way he intended). However, although he did not get his intended effect the spells he used (bar Peskipiksi Pesternomi) generally worked (as far as can be told from the etymologies) and as such, it is possible that he may have had an aptitude for this area of magic (which he might have excelled in, had he bothered to actually take it seriously).
Known published worksEdit
- "For full details, see my published works."
- —Lockhart referencing his advices to his books.[src]
Lockhart was an accomplished author, with twelve of his books shown. Although nine of them were supposed to be about eradicating dark forces, they were in fact just recollections of his experiences (of which he stole from other people) and his personal profiles, somewhat an extension of his autobiography. He assigned seven of these books to be his textbooks for his Defence Against the Dark Arts course. All of these were published before his stint as a Hogwarts professor (except Who Am I?).
- Break with a Banshee
- Gadding with Ghouls
- Gilderoy Lockhart's Guide to Household Pests
- Holidays with Hags
- Magical Me (autobiography)
- Marauding with Monsters
- The Travel Trilogy
- Travels with Trolls
- Voyages with Vampires
- Wanderings with Werewolves
- Who Am I?
- Year with the Yeti
Most of Lockhart's fans were composed of middle-aged housewives, such as Molly Weasley, and young schoolgirls, such as Hermione Granger and Susan Bones. They were charmed by his looks and impressive claims, but neglected to notice other dimensions of his personality, like his narcissism and general incompetence. Lockhart's notable fans, such as Gladys Gudgeon and Veronica Smethley, regularly wrote him adoring fan mail. Once Lockhart was exposed as a fraud and suffered permanent amnesia, the majority of his fans most likely lost interest in him, though Gladys continued to send him letters.
Hermione GrangerEdit
Hermione Granger was a big fan of Lockhart, showing excitement at the prospect at meeting him at Flourish and Blotts, saying that he has written almost the entire booklist. When Lockhart taught at Hogwarts, Hermione dismissed his mistakes, when normally she would become impatient whenever anyone cast a single spell wrong, such as after Lockhart's first lesson, she insisted that Lockhart just wanted to give them some hands on experience by bringing pixies to the class, and refused to see that he didn't know what he was doing. She also dismissed his blunders as the usual honest mistakes, such as when he deboned Harry Potter's arm, and talking about "all the amazing things he's done." It was presumed she was shocked when Lockhart was exposed as a fraud. It was possible, however, that she simply fell for his good looks, as she was described to be breathless when she saw him at St. Mungo's, despite Lockhart already having been exposed as a fraud. Hermione claimed that she admired "the amazing things he had done", but she had showed signs that she only admired his good looks, no matter what she said to the contrary. Also, when she claimed that she didn't like someone just because they're handsome after their second year, Ron coughed the word "Lockhart".
Hogwarts staffEdit
- "That's got him out from under our feet."
- —Professor McGonagall expressing her happiness at sending Professor Lockhart away.[src]
During the 1992–1993 school year, Lockhart taught Defence Against the Dark Arts at Hogwarts, or rather, made an utter mess out of the subject due to his incompetence. Lockhart annoyed most of the teachers by making it look as though he was superior to them in every one of their fields, while proving otherwise with his consistently terrible performances. As such, his coworkers found him extremely obnoxious and could not take him seriously as a professor. Lockhart's insensitive nature embarrassed Snape and Flitwick on Valentine's Day, when he made comments about Love Potions and Entrancing Enchantments regarding them, respectively, while disgusting everyone else by just overdecorating the Great Hall, and releasing dwarfs throughout the school to deliver Valentines, interrupting classes in progress. Even Rubeus Hagrid, who normally would never have criticised a teacher, publicly expressed disdain for Lockhart. Lockhart, on the other hand, did not seem to notice the resentment the teachers had for him, and instead kept on annoying everyone.
Professor Snape, in particular, disliked Lockhart for not only taking the teaching post he coveted so much, but also for his constant and presumptuous attempts to advise Snape with largely nonsensical suggestions; Snape looked as though he was prepared to kill Lockhart during the duelling club, as Harry described. When Ginny Weasley was taken into the Chamber of Secrets, Snape immediately sent Lockhart to deal with the monster within. The other teachers agreed, in the hopes of scaring Lockhart away, especially considering he had walked in obliviously while the other teachers were devastated by Ginny's impending doom.
According to Hagrid, the main reason for Lockhart's appointment was that he was the only applicant for the cursed position, and the other teachers were pleased to see him leave at the end of the year, going as far as to join in the students' applause of the announcement.
Hogwarts studentsEdit
- "I haven't learned anything from him except not to set pixies loose."
- —Ron Weasley[src]
The half of the students who initially admired him were mostly girls like Hermione and Susan, who fell for his good looks, and people who actually believed in the accomplishments in his books, such as Justin Finch-Fletchley and Colin Creevey. They remained ignorant of Lockhart's true colours, even when he revealed them little by little throughout his terrible performances. When he was finally exposed as a fraud, they most likely abandoned their faith in him.
Much like most of the faculty, the other half of the students simply found Lockhart to be annoyingly unpleasant. Ron Weasley, who was already annoyed since the book-signing at Flourish and Blotts made it look as though his family was unimportant, saw Lockhart for what he truly was during their first lesson, when the professor gave a test completely irrelevant to the subject, and then released a boisterous group of pixies he was unable to contain. Ron's disgust deepened when Lockhart attempted flee while allowing Ron's sister to die in the Chamber of Secrets; when they finally discovered where the fabled Chamber was, Ron demanded that he go first into the Chamber as a test subject.
- "You're a fraud! You've just been taking credit for what other wizards have done!"
- —Harry Potter confronting Lockhart.[src]
Harry Potter particularly disliked Lockhart for dragging him into the spotlight against his will, beginning with the book-signing during which Lockhart made a spectacle out of Harry as a publicity stunt, and for making Harry seem as though he was constantly seeking attention. Lockhart only further infuriated Harry by doing far more damage than help when he removed Harry's arm bones instead of mending them when they were broken by Dobby's tampered Bludger. Neither Harry nor Ron had any qualms about attacking Lockhart and forcing him to enter the Chamber of Secrets, and they even made him go first as a buffer for any approaching harm. Harry felt no sympathy when Lockhart lost his memories after his Memory Charm backfired, as it was entirely his fault for attempting it on Harry and Ron in the first place.
Behind the scenesEdit
- Lockhart is portrayed by Irish actor Kenneth Branagh in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets; he was originally to be portrayed by Hugh Grant, but due to scheduling problems he was replaced. One of Grant's middle names is, ironically, "Mungo".
- J. K. Rowling has made it known that Gilderoy Lockhart is the only character in the series to be based upon a real person, and claims that she "barely exaggerated" the personality. She has refused, however, to specify who that is.
- A rumour circulated that the character of Gilderoy Lockhart was based on J. K. Rowling's ex-husband, but this was roundly refuted on her website. She termed the rumour "toxic", "hurtful," and "damaging."
- Lockhart's movie version seem to be more likable and comical than his book version, as he was willing to clear Harry from Snape's insinuations that Harry was involved in Mrs. Norris' petrification, informing that Harry was in detention with him. It may be due to the fact that Lockhart's useless classes and his most annoying of Harry were cut from the film, but his fraudulence and willingness to let Ginny die in the Chambers still preserves him as detestable.
- Lockhart was in an early draft of the Order of the Phoenix film, as he was in the book, but was written out of the final version. Had he remained, it would have been the first time Kenneth Branagh and ex-wife Emma Thompson were in the same film together since their divorce in 1995.
- Lockhart, despite being a Ravenclaw student (which encourages students with intelligence), does not show to be very brilliant. In fact, he may well be the opposite, seeing his complete inability to cast even the simplest spells. However, he does show the good-looks that attribute to the students of that house. It should be noted however, that while in his youth, though he probably possessed the intelligence to gain entry to the house, he chose to focus his energies on deception rather than study.
- When Lockhart suffered memory loss, he seemed to have forgot about magic being real, as expressing Fawkes's flying as "just like magic". This, coupled with his possibly muggle relatives not visiting him at St. Mungo's, might indicate that he was originally a muggle-born with no knowledge of magic.
- In LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4, after losing his memory, Lockhart starts making tea.
- In LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4, Lockhart is the only teacher who is referred to by their first name.
- He is the only Defense against the Dark Arts teacher who is not either deceased or in prison.
- As well as this, he is the only Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher to have no connection with Lord Voldemort (Quirrell housed Voldemort in his head, Lupin's former friend Peter Pettigrew was Voldemort's spy, Dolores Umbridge worked for the Ministry after Voldemort took it over, Moody was impersonated by a Death Eater, then murdered by Voldemort and Snape was Voldemort's former Death Eater and a spy in his ranks). Lockhart has no known connection with Voldemort, because Ginny opened the Chamber of Secrets, and he never saw Riddle's diary.
- Observing his flamboyant clothes, it's not difficult to imagine Lockhart as an expert of fashion and a regular reader of fashion magazines (and indeed, many fans found him to be a stylish character in the film series). Furthermore, he received Britain's Best Dressed Wizard Award sometime before 1992. Considering that his secret ambition is to market his own range of hair-care potions, he may also be an expert on hair care and, possibly, make up.
EtymologyEditGilderoy is defined as a highwayman known for being handsome (which is appropriate, considering he made a living out of robbing people of their memories whilst also appearing physically attractive). May also come from the word "gilded," which is defined as having a "pleasing, showy appearance, which covers something of little worth." This is very fitting considering Gilderoy's supposed good looks covered up the truth about his inability to function as a powerful wizard. The name "Roy" is Old French for "regal one" or "king."
J.K. Rowling stated in a radio interview with BBC 4 that she found the name Lockhart on a war memorial. Robert Lockhart is a world renowned psychologist whose particular interest is in the study of memory and levels of processing. He did a lot of research in this area in the late 1970's. He is well known for his work as a cognitive psychologist especially in the areas of human memory and problem solving. This fits because the only magic skills Lockhart was truly gifted in were memory charms. Robert Lockhart received his B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Sydney in 1961 and 1963.[5] Lockhart is also a town in Australia near Wagga Wagga, which could be a reference to him having supposedly defeated the Wagga Wagga Werewolf in his book Wanderings with Werewolves. 'Lockhart' could also be possible play on words as he seems to have so many women's "heart locked" on him.
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) (Script only) (Flashback in Disc 2)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game) (Appears on a portrait)
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Mentioned only)
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
- The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Appears on a portrait)
External linksEdit
Notes and referencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Harry Potter Page to Screen: The Complete Filmmaking Journey, p. 74 (see this image)
- ↑ LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lockhart wears Ravenclaw Quidditch robes in a photo taken for the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, which can be seen in the "Lockhart's Classroom" feature on Disc 2 of the DVD, and in the picture-in-picture feature on Disc 1 of the Ultimate Collector's Edition Blu-ray.
- ↑ http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2007/0730-bloomsbury-chat.html
- ↑ http://www.science.usyd.edu.au/about_us/fame_lockhart.shtml


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Great tea works wonders. The delicious tastes and health benefits make tea a wonderful beverage - much better than the unhealthy alternatives. The Teavana dream began with an idea that people would enjoy fresh, high-quality tea in a place that was part Tea Bar, part Tea Emporium. We wanted to introduce people to the aromas, textures, and beneficial qualities of loose leaf teas while enlightening them with the history and variety of teas available. And this is how Teavana was born. As our name implies, Teavana's goal is to be a heaven of tea and to offer our customers the healthy lifestyle and wonderful tastes of tea. This unique name is meant to describe the experience each customer has with our tea and our staff.


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Spurrier unsure whether Clowney will play vs. Arkansas
COLUMBIA, S.C. -- Jadeveon Clowney has people talking again -- and for a reason no one expected when his final season kicked off six weeks ago.
The South Carolina All-American pulled himself from the lineup Saturday night a short time before the Gamecocks' 35-28 victory Saturday night, saying pain from strained muscles around his ribs was too much to bear.
MORE: Top 10 rivalries | Week 6 photos | Cheerleaders
It's the latest in a season of illness, injuries and ineffectiveness for the 6-6, 274 pound Clowney, who figured to dominate the game like few others in college football. Instead, Clowney has spent more time explaining why he hasn't popped off more helmets as he did in his ESPY-winning hit of Michigan's Vincent Smith at the Outback Bowl last New Year's that was practically shown on a non-stop highlight reel this past offseason.
South Carolina coach Steve Spurrier was unsure if Clowney would be ready to go against Arkansas (3-3, 0-2 Southeastern Conference) next Saturday.
Spurrier said his frustration came more from the way he learned his star defender would be out rather than him missing the game.
"Usually, the doctor or the trainer comes and tells you a guy will be out," he said. "That did not happen last night."
"On the other side," Spurrier continued, "if a player's in pain, I don't want him to play, none of us do."
When asked about Clowney's commitment to the Gamecocks, Spurrier replied, "You'll have to ask him that."
Spurrier's kept Clowney on a short leash with the media since early August, letting him speak only after games. Spurrier said that would change this week to give Clowney a chance to explain his injury.
Clowney was the country's top prospect coming out of South Pointe High in Rock Hill two years ago. He waited until his 18th birthday, Valentine's Day -- and nearly two weeks after national signing day -- to choose South Carolina over Alabama and Clemson on ESPN.
Clowney was the SEC's freshman of the year that fall and, with 13 sacks and a school record 23 ½ tackles for loss a year later, won the league's defensive player of the year.
He capped it with two stellar showings, collecting 4 ½ sacks against Clemson quarterback Tajh Boyd in South Carolina's 27-17 rivalry win and his helmet-flying hit on Smith.
Clowney looked like a sure-fire No. 1 overall pick and a strong favorite to become the first defense-first player to capture a Heisman Trophy. Things began to unravel from the start as Clowney and the Gamecocks struggled to excel in the harsh spotlight.
Clowney's conditioning was questioned by analysts in the opening game with North Carolina on a hot, sticky August night. More questions came a week later when Georgia quarterback Aaron Murray, whom Clowney joked during the summer was among several QBs scared of him, led the Bulldogs to a 41-30 victory in an SEC East showdown.
Bone spurs in Clowney's right foot -- it's an injury he's had since high school -- have bothered him all year. He needed an IV preparing for UCF two games ago because of a stomach bug.
It was just this past Tuesday when Spurrier defended Clowney, saying it's was near impossible to live to the expectations that followed "The Hit."
"It's not a one-man game. It's a team sport," Spurrier said. "Jadeveon is playing hard, he's playing well, I think he's played very hard. Got two guys blocking him about all the time."
Defensive coordinator Lorenzo Ward believes Clowney will show his old self at some point this season. Until Clowney returns, the Gamecocks will count on other defensive linemen to make the plays.
Defensive tackle Kelcy Quarles would've loved to have Clowney in the lineup. "But that's what you come to college for, when one man goes down the next one has to step up," he said.
Spurrier hasn't spoken to Clowney since the game, although assistant coaches have and he expects Clowney will do what he must to gete ready for Arkansas.
"Hopefully, with treatment and so forth he will be well enough to play this coming week but we will see," Spurrier said. "It's not a big story. He was in pain, couldn't play. We will see if he's going to be in pain and not play or not in pain and can play this week."


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UBS news
UBS results for full-year 2000: Net profit after tax CHF 7,792 million.
UBS reports a record annual result with a net profit for 2000 of CHF 7,792 million. Adjusted for significant financial events, net profit was CHF 8,132 million, representing year-on-year growth of 74%. Also on an adjusted basis and pre-goodwill, earnings per share was CHF 21.83 and return on equity 24.3%. Group assets under management increased by CHF 725 billion to CHF 2,469 billion following the inclusion of PaineWebber.
UBS achieved a record annual result for 2000 with a net profit of CHF 7,792 million, or CHF 8,132 million once adjusted for significant financial events. This strong performance reflects the skills and dedication of UBS staff, the Group's increasingly distinct positioning and the quality of its earnings across varied market conditions. In a difficult year for the equity markets, the UBS share price rose 23% over the twelve months.
Pre-goodwill amortization and adjusted for divestments, one-off provisions and restructuring costs, return on equity for the year increased from 18.2% in 1999 to 24.3%, well in excess of UBS's target range of 15-20% across the cycle. On the same basis, earnings per share increased 76% from CHF 12.37 to CHF 21.83. The cost/income ratio for the year was 69.2%, down from 73.3% in 1999. Group assets under management increased by CHF 725 billion to CHF 2,469 billion, boosted by the inclusion of PaineWebber, which more than offset the effect of the falling dollar and weaker equity markets in the latter part of the year.
Fourth quarter results
Net profit in the fourth quarter was CHF 1,449 million, or CHF 1,634 million once adjusted for significant financial events. This is 54% higher than in fourth quarter 1999 but 21% below the previous quarter's level. Excluding the estimated impact of the merger with PaineWebber, underlying net profit fell 8% quarter on quarter, an excellent result considering the less favorable market conditions and the seasonal slowdown.
UBS Switzerland's Private & Corporate Clients business produced another strong result in the fourth quarter and Private Banking also continued its good performance relative to 1999 (+22% compared to fourth quarter 1999). UBS Asset Management's relative investment performance staged an impressive comeback as its core price/value style outperformed growth-based strategies. UBS Warburg's Corporate & Institutional Clients business unit more than doubled its pre-tax profit compared with fourth quarter 1999, with Corporate Finance performing particularly strongly.
UBS Group Financial Highlights
Strategic initiatives
Paine Webber integration: The integration of PaineWebber has been accomplished very smoothly. With integration complete, UBS is now focused on leveraging PaineWebber's skills across all its businesses.
European wealth management strategy: The PaineWebber merger is a transforming partnership for UBS, not just in the US, but for all its private client businesses. With the US integration smoothly completed, UBS is focusing on deploying PaineWebber's skills in its growing European wealth management business.
In PaineWebber and UBS Private Banking, UBS has scale and excellence in the two traditions of serving private clients: the brokerage model, and the banking model. UBS's strategy in Europe is to combine these capabilities to provide a complete range of wealth management services for its clients. With this combination UBS can meet all the needs of a sophisticated clientele, whether banking in their home country or internationally.
UBS's strategy will focus on wealthy clients, with client segmentation based on the suitability of content and pricing, based on services designed primarily for those with more than EUR 500,000 of investable assets. UBS will not directly target the "mass affluent" segment in Europe.
PaineWebber's top-class abilities in marketing, product management and innovation, technology, and training will be deployed as the key catalysts for the European business. UBS will accelerate the positive momentum of its European domestic private client business, transferring knowledge and resources from the Private Banking business unit to add to the 170 existing advisors currently employed by UBS Warburg, and supplementing them with a program of new hires.
In order to provide a structure able to meet the total needs of each client, UBS will integrate the leadership of its European private client businesses under a single management for each region. The European business of UBS Warburg's International Private Clients business unit will therefore be transferred to the Private Banking business unit, where it will be co-headed by Richard Sipes, with 22 years of experience in PaineWebber, and Raoul Weil, with 14 years of experience in UBS Private Banking.
Open architecture: In December 2000, UBS took an important step forward in the development of its open architecture distribution strategy with the launch of UBS Fund Solutions. Clients are offered access to a pre-screened selection of "best in class" funds from a range of UBS and third-party fund managers. UBS Switzerland's Investment Center screens all the investment funds sold in Switzerland, and client advisors then construct portfolios from the selected funds in line with their clients' investment requirements and risk appetite.
Share buyback program: Given its strong capital generation, UBS intends to establish a further share buyback program on 5 March 2001, intended for capital reduction purposes. Shares will be repurchased under a second trading line on the SWX Swiss Exchange. The Board of Directors has set the maximum value of shares that could be repurchased under the program at CHF 5 billion.
Par value reduction and share split planned: The Board of Directors is recommending a distribution in respect of fourth quarter 2000 in the form of the repayment of CHF 1.60 of the par value per share. Shareholders will also be asked to approve a 3-for-1 share split. These proposals are subject to new regulations which are currently passing through the Swiss legislative process and which are expected to come into force on 1 May 2001. Following the par value repayment and the share split, both expected to take place on 18 July 2001, the par value of the UBS share would be CHF 2.80.
Private equity: development of a unique business model: During 2001, UBS will develop a unique new business model for UBS Capital, its private equity business, designed to best capture the opportunities available from the growth of the international private equity market, and the strength of demand for this asset class.
UBS Capital expects to increase the level of funding sourced from third parties, reducing its dependence on direct funding from the UBS balance sheet. To support this move towards wider participation, the new business model will center on the formation of an autonomous investment management firm known as a fund advisor. The fund advisor will be 80% owned by UBS Capital's current management and 20% by UBS, and will adopt a new corporate identity during third quarter 2001.
The formation of the fund advisor will have a neutral effect on the earnings stream of UBS. UBS will remain a cornerstone investor in new funds, continuing to benefit from a strong commitment to this high-return product. The new fund advisor will remain strongly affiliated with UBS. UBS's private client and investment banking businesses will retain their close links to the private equity business. Individual clients will be supplied with a range of proprietary private equity products, while maintaining complete freedom of choice to select private equity investments from other providers. UBS Warburg will continue to benefit from IPO and M&A referrals.
In tandem with supporting this new business model, UBS will raise its target overall commitment to private equity investment from CHF 5 billion to CHF 7.5 billion.
The year 2000 was outstanding for UBS, and a good year overall for the markets. As we move into 2001, the prospects for markets and for the international credit environment are particularly difficult to predict. The recent upswing in the cycle in Switzerland does, however, afford some protection.
UBS believes that it is well positioned in its credit business thanks to its avoidance of balance-sheet-led growth, although the bank does not expect to see the net credit loss write-backs experienced in 2000. UBS Asset Management is cautiously optimistic about growth as its core price/value investment style demonstrates its strengths in less bullish markets. UBS Warburg has already demonstrated the quality and sustainability of its earnings in the less positive conditions of the second half of 2000.
The biggest opportunity for UBS this year lies in realizing the full transforming value of PaineWebber, not only in the United States but through leveraging its marketing, product innovation and client skills to build the best wealth management firm in the world.
Results of the business groups
UBS Switzerland
UBS's innovative e-banking solutions continued to attract praise in 2000: the independent internet rating agency BlueSky Ratings TM ranked UBS as the best online broker in Switzerland, while Forrester Research's recent survey put UBS among the top two online banks in Europe. The number of e-banking contracts increased to 555,000 at year end, up from 534,000 at the end of September. 22% of all payment orders and 14% of all stock exchange transactions at UBS Switzerland are now executed online.
Private & Corporate Clients
The Private & Corporate Clients business unit had an excellent fourth quarter, delivering a pre-tax profit of CHF 511 million (+10% compared to the previous quarter). Operating income was up 5% compared to the third quarter mainly due to higher net interest income, while operating expenses increased 2% compared to the previous quarter, primarily reflecting higher IT equipment replacement costs.
For the full year, the Private & Corporate Clients business unit reported a record pre-tax profit of CHF 1,993 million (+57% compared with 1999), demonstrating the strength of UBS's domestic banking franchise. Operating income increased to CHF 6,684 million (+9% compared to 1999), primarily reflecting higher fee income and the improved quality of the loan portfolio. Operating expenses were lower at CHF 4,691 million (-4% compared to 1999) due to a reduction in headcount, as the benefits of the UBS/SBC merger continue to show through.
The pre-goodwill cost/income ratio for the year improved from 68% to 63%. Assets under management were essentially stable for the year and for the quarter, finishing 2000 at CHF 440 billion (compared with CHF 439 billion at the end of 1999). Net new money for the quarter was CHF -1.3 billion, with net flows being impacted by the seasonal payment of mortgage interest.
Private Banking
Private Banking's pre-tax profit for the fourth quarter was CHF 815 million (-8% compared to the previous quarter). Operating income was 1% higher than in the third quarter despite a less buoyant market environment, while operating expenses increased 12% mainly due to temporarily higher IT project related costs and marketing expenditure.
On a full-year basis, Private Banking reported a pre-tax profit of CHF 3,682 million, an increase of 25% over 1999, reflecting strong markets in the first part of the year and the margin-enhancing benefits of new value-added products. Operating income was up 21% to CHF 6,714 million while operating expenses increased to CHF 3,032 million (+16% compared with 1999), driven by headcount growth and higher performance-related compensation.
The pre-goodwill cost/income ratio rose from 44% in the third quarter to 49%, but improved from 46% to 44% for the year as a whole. Assets under management decreased slightly during the fourth quarter to CHF 681 billion due to the fall of the dollar against the Swiss franc and weaker equity markets. Since the end of 1999, assets under management have increased by CHF 10 billion. Net new money remained weak with outflows of CHF 0.7 billion in the fourth quarter.
The strategic focus during the fourth quarter was on opening the product architecture for investment funds. With UBS Fund Solutions, UBS now offers its clients "best in class" funds from leading outside providers for an all-in "wrap" fee. Global Asset Management's (GAM) funds and discretionary portfolio management service are also now available to Private Banking clients.
UBS Asset Management
As announced on Tuesday, 20 February 2001, Mitchell Hutchins, PaineWebber's asset management arm, is joining the UBS Asset Management business group and being renamed Brinson Advisors.
Institutional Asset Management
Institutional Asset Management delivered the best relative annual investment performance in its history, as its core price/value investment style demonstrated its strengths in 2000's less bullish markets. Its UK business, Phillips & Drew, was ranked the top-performing pension fund manager in Britain for the year 2000 by Combined Actuarial Performance Services (CAPS), the leading UK performance measurement consultancy.
Institutional Asset Management's pre-tax profit was CHF 31 million for the fourth quarter, the drop of 47% from third quarter 2000 being primarily driven by investment in strategic initiatives.
Operating income was slightly lower at CHF 327 million (-3% compared to the third quarter), while operating expenses increased CHF 18 million to CHF 296 million, principally as a result of expansion in Europe and Asia and investment in new projects.
On a full-year basis, pre-tax earnings were CHF 227 million (-30% compared to 1999). Operating income increased to CHF 1,301 million (+18%) as a result of the launch of the O'Connor business and the acquisition of Allegis. Operating expenses rose to CHF 1,074 million, reflecting higher performance-related personnel expenses and goodwill amortization relating to Allegis.
Over the full year, assets under management decreased 14% to CHF 496 billion, with most of the decline due to losses of client mandates in the early part of the year. The drop of CHF 32 billion in the fourth quarter was primarily attributable to the weakness of the US dollar relative to the Swiss franc and generally falling equity markets. Net outflows moderated further in the last three months of the year and at CHF 4.9 billion were 46% less than in the third quarter.
Investment Funds/GAM
The Investment Funds/GAM business unit reported a pre-tax profit of CHF 5 million for the fourth quarter. Operating income increased to CHF 161 million (+3%) from the third quarter mainly as a result of the acquisitions of Fondvest in Switzerland and the Fortune Securities & Investment Trust Company in Taiwan. Operating expenses were up 19% to CHF 156 million, primarily in connection with the roll-out of funds@ubs, a distribution platform for fund-based investment solutions, and the two acquisitions referred to above.
Pre-tax profit for the full year was CHF 95 million. Operating income increased to CHF 652 million due to the acquisition of GAM (+141% compared to 1999). Operating expenses were also higher at CHF 557 million (+253%), reflecting spending on third-party distribution initiatives and the GAM acquisition, including associated goodwill amortization.
Assets under management totaled CHF 219 billion at year end. This represents a decline of 4% since the end of September 2000, and 3% since the end of December 1999. Net new money was CHF 2.8 billion during the fourth quarter, reflecting the funds' improved relative performance, and CHF 4.4 billion for the year as whole.
UBS Warburg
UBS Warburg's business group results include CHF 138 million of goodwill amortization and CHF 132 million of goodwill funding costs relating to the merger with PaineWebber.
Corporate & Institutional Clients
The Corporate & Institutional Clients business unit again delivered strong earnings growth this quarter, with a pre-tax profit of CHF 948 million (+167% compared to fourth quarter 1999).
Equities revenues during fourth quarter 2000 were somewhat lower than in the third quarter, reflecting seasonal trends and poorer market conditions, but remained strong compared to fourth quarter 1999. Corporate Finance produced an excellent performance driven by continued strong M&A performance including several landmark deals. Personnel expenses increased to CHF 1,729 million in the fourth quarter (+26% compared to fourth quarter1999).
Pre-tax profits for the full year were CHF 5,023 million, representing growth of 134%. Equities revenues performed extremely well over the year (+82% compared with 1999). In Fixed Income, the Government & Derivatives and Principal Finance groups delivered excellent results on a full-year basis while Corporate Finance also experienced very strong growth in 2000. The pre-goodwill cost/income ratio improved significantly during the year, dropping from 79% to 70%.
Market risk utilization, as measured by average Value-at-Risk (VaR), decreased from CHF 238 million at the end of September to CHF 216 million at the end of December.
In 2000, UBS Warburg was ranked 6th globally in completed M&A transactions, up from 9th place in 1999. In fourth quarter, it acted as financial advisor for Diageo's bid with Pernod Ricard for Seagram's spirit business, Unilever's acquisition of Bestfoods and for the sale of Nabisco to Philip Morris. UBS Warburg continued to play a leading role in the international fixed income markets, ranking 1st for Eurobonds and 5th in the All International Bonds sector. In the international primary markets, the business improved its ranking in International Equity New Issues from 9th at the end of September 1999 to 8th for the full year. UBS Warburg was the bookrunner on the Deutsche Post Worldnet IPO, the first IPO of a national postal operator.
During fourth quarter 2000, the former capital markets businesses of PaineWebber with their staff of 1,623 were integrated into the Corporate & Institutional Clients unit. In addition to expanding UBS Warburg's capabilities in a number of areas, the integration of PaineWebber has also positioned UBS Warburg more strongly as an employer of choice in the critical US market, employing 27,607 people, or 39% of the Group's worldwide total.
UBS Capital
UBS Capital, the private equity arm of UBS Warburg, reported a pre-tax profit of CHF 56 million in the fourth quarter. Operating income increased 126% to CHF 138 million compared to fourth quarter 1999. Operating expenses rose to CHF 82 million (+91% compared to fourth quarter 1999) primarily driven by bonus payments accrued as investments are successfully exited. The book value of UBS Capital's private equity investments grew from CHF 4.5 billion at the end of September to CHF 5.5 billion. The fair value of the portfolio rose from CHF 4.2 billion at the end of 1999 to CHF 6.9 billion. This equates to unrealized gains of CHF 1.3 billion. Value creation in the second half of the year, including increases in unrealized gains and net realized gains, was CHF 0.2 billion, sustaining UBS Capital's impressive record of value creation.
US Private Clients
Because the merger between UBS Warburg and PaineWebber took place in November 2000, the results shown for the US Private Clients business unit relate only to the final two months of 2000. They reflect the performance of the former PaineWebber organization, including Mitchell Hutchins, but without the PaineWebber capital markets businesses.
US Private Clients reported a pre-tax loss of CHF 19 million for the last two months of 2000. Adjusted for retention payments, profit was CHF 98 million. At CHF 1,225 million, operating revenues were running only slightly lower (-2%) than in PaineWebber's individual clients business before the merger, despite the extended seasonal lull due to the uncertainty surrounding the US presidential election. Personnel expenses were CHF 955 million, including CHF 117 million of retention payments. Client assets totaled CHF 794 billion, a drop of CHF 96 billion since 3 November, reflecting the weakness of the dollar relative to the Swiss franc and the continuing decline of equity markets. Net new money was CHF 8.3 billion, with new assets gathered at a faster rate than in the pre-merger period.
In fourth quarter 2000, PaineWebber announced a major initiative to significantly expand its already successful stock option finance business through the formation of Corporate Employee Financial Services (CEFS). Through managing and executing employees' stock options, CEFS gives PaineWebber the opportunity to secure them as long-term investors, managing the wealth their options have generated. CEFS' goal is to capture a larger share of this major market segment in the United States. PaineWebber already provides stock option services to well-known companies such as Cisco, Enron, General Electric and Texas Instruments.
International Private Clients
The International Private Clients business unit's performance continued to improve with losses reduced to CHF 35 million in the fourth quarter (down from a CHF 47 million loss in third quarter ).
Group Financial Information
Total operating income increased 37% compared to fourth quarter 1999 to CHF 9,300 million. For the full year, it was CHF 36,402 million (+28% compared to 1999).
Net interest income before credit loss expense rose to CHF 1,973 million in the fourth quarter. The growth of 13% compared to fourth quarter 1999 reflects higher trading-related income. On a full-year basis, net interest income increased 38% to CHF 8,130 million.
Aggregate credit loss expense for fourth quarter 2000 amounted to CHF 95 million (CHF 46 million in fourth quarter 1999). While the strength of the Swiss economy in 2000 enabled UBS Switzerland to realize a further writeback in credit loss expense, the deteriorating trend in international credit markets required additional loan loss provisions to be taken against UBS Warburg's loan portfolio. UBS's strategy of actively reducing its international credit exposures over the last two years has positioned it relatively well for the less positive outlook in the international credit markets. The improved quality of the overall loan portfolio is reflected in the drop of CHF 677 million (-6%) in non-performing loans during the fourth quarter to CHF 10.5 billion. This represents 3.6% of the overall loan book of CHF 287.1 billion. The portfolio mix improved with the addition of PaineWebber's mostly secured private client loan portfolio.
Net fee and commission income increased to a record level of CHF 5,003 million during fourth quarter 2000 (+49% compared to fourth quarter 1999). CHF 949 million of this growth came from PaineWebber. The remainder chiefly reflects strong performance in Corporate Finance and the contribution from two other new businesses, O'Connor, created in June 2000, and Global Asset Management (GAM), purchased at the end of 1999. The full-year performance of CHF 16,703 million (+32% compared to 1999) reflects these effects as well as the very high level of brokerage fees in the exuberant trading markets at the start of the year.
Net trading income was CHF 1,916 million in the fourth quarter, up 65% compared to the same quarter last year, when performance was depressed by the cautious trading strategies employed as Year 2000 approached. Over the whole year, net trading income rose to CHF 9,953 million (+29% compared to 1999), driven by increased global market activity and the continued strength of UBS Warburg's secondary client franchise.
Total operating expenses of CHF 7,364 million for the fourth quarter (+33% compared to fourth quarter 1999 and +26% compared to third quarter 2000) include PaineWebber expenses for the last two months of the year. Excluding the impact of PaineWebber, costs fell slightly from the third quarter due to lower performance-related compensation. Full-year operating expenses were CHF 26,203 million. The growth of 28% over 1999 is principally due to higher personnel expenses, which rose to CHF 17,163 million for the full year (+36% compared with 1999). This increase reflects bonus compensation in line with the excellent results. Fourth-quarter personnel expenses totaled CHF 4,424 million and included PaineWebber personnel costs as well as CHF 128 million in PaineWebber staff retention payments. Headcount within the Group rose by 22,977 in the last two months of the year to 71,076, mainly as a result of the merger with PaineWebber.
General and administrative expenses were CHF 2,088 million (-10% compared with fourth quarter 1999). Fourth quarter 2000 includes PaineWebber's expenses for the first time, the PaineWebber integration costs and the effect of industry contributions to the US Global Settlement Fund. On a full-year basis, general and administrative expenses rose 11% to CHF 6,765 million.
Depreciation and amortization increased 79% during fourth quarter 2000 to CHF 852 million. Depreciation of goodwill and intangibles resulting from the PaineWebber merger accounted for CHF 138 million and the depreciation of PaineWebber property and equipment for another CHF 44 million.
Goodwill and restructuring costs associated with the PaineWebber merger
The amount of goodwill and intangible assets resulting from the merger with PaineWebber was finalized at CHF 17.5 billion (USD 10 billion) and will be amortized over 20 years. UBS has incurred a total of CHF 746 million (USD 431 million) in restructuring costs as a result of the merger. In accordance with International Accounting Standards, CHF 456 million of these costs have been accounted for as a liability of PaineWebber and added to the goodwill amount for the transaction. The remaining CHF 290 million has been charged in fourth quarter 2000 and treated as a significant financial event.
Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements
This communication contains statements that constitute "forward-looking statements", including, without limitation, statements relating to the implementation of strategic initiatives, including the implementation of the European wealth management strategy and the implementation of a new business model for the private equity business, and other statements relating to our future business development and economic performance.
While these forward-looking statements represent our judgments and future expectations concerning the development of our business, a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors could cause actual developments and results to differ materially from our expectations.
These factors include, but are not limited to, (1) general market, macro-economic, governmental and regulatory trends, (2) movements in local and international securities markets, currency exchange rates and interest rates, (3) competitive pressures, (4) technological developments, (5) changes in the financial position or creditworthiness of our customers, obligors and counterparties, (6) legislative developments., and (7) other key factors that we have indicated could adversely affect our business and financial performance which are contained in our past and future filings and reports, including those with the SEC.
More detailed information about those factors is set forth in documents furnished by UBS and filings made by UBS with the SEC. UBS is not under any obligation to (and expressly disclaims any such obligations to) update or alter its forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Zürich/Basel, 22 February 2001


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Difference between revisions of "Unconference Schedule"
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(→All events are scheduled for Friday, July 10th from 9am - 5pm at the Hilton, Northwest 5 Room.)
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|Presentation #3
|Presentation #3
Revision as of 13:27, 8 July 2009
There will be two types of experiences at the Unconference:
- Presentations that last 7 minutes with 5 minutes for questions/feedback. Presentations will either be about a project an attendee has done that they think other librarians would be interested in or an idea they have for a library-related project that they'd like feedback on from the audience. There will be 10 of these presentations throughout the day.
- Group discussions that last 50 minutes. There will be 10 different discussion groups going on during each of three discussion periods and no more than 10 people can participate in any discussion. The goal of this is to allow everyone to contribute to the discussion.
The presentation and discussion topics will be determined by popular vote by the participants. The voting closed June 22nd at midnight. The open topics will be decided the day of the unconference. While we did have some open topic spaces built into the schedule, some opened because of speaker conflicts.
For the presentations, you will have access to the Internet, a projector, and a computer. For the discussions, you will have access to wireless Internet, but you will need to provide a computer for your table if you want one. You are not obligated to use any of the technology available. Have fun and be creative. This day is all about getting out of the box.
If you have slides or want to share other information on your topic, please link to your topic in the schedule below. A link looks like this Unconference Main Page. Click the "Edit" button above to see the syntax.
We will be having a backchannel for comments, link sharing, live blogging, etc. We are using Cover It Live and you can access the backchannel from our ALA Connect page or Meredith's website. Cover It Live will also pick up any tweets from Twitter using the hashtag #unala2009.
All events are scheduled for Friday, July 10th from 9am - 5pm at the Hilton, Northwest 5 Room.
|Introduction and Instructions
|Presentation #1
|The future of libraries in a ubiquitous computing world
|Jason Griffey
|Presentation #2
|Audiobooks, e-books, and online reading: impact on library services and collections
|Jessica Moyer
|Presentation #3
|Patrons as a Top Priority
|Theresa Liedtka
|Presentation #4
|Librarians using mobile devices
|Rachel Vacek
|Presentation #5
|Web 3.0
|Robin Hastings
|Presentation #6
|Libraries and Innovation: Creating environments for encouraging and supporting creativity and innovation among staff
|Matthew Hamilton
|Discussion #1
|see chart below
|Presentation #7
|Web conferencing tool and uses
|Debbie Faires
|Presentation #8
|Making the library a partner in research, rather than just a support service, by leveraging the campus strategic plan
Resources: CWRU Stategic Plan and Engineering Reading Room
Future home of my presentation: Brian's Presentations
|Brian Gray
|Presentation #9
|Online tutorials in academic libraries - free/low cost options
|Laura Koltutsky
|Presentation #10
|Board, Tabletop & Video Gaming at the Library -- basics and best practices
|Beth Gallaway
|Discussion # 2
|see chart below
|Discussion # 3
|see chart below
Discussion Period #1 11:10-12:00
|Library's role in current & emerging trends of civic engagement, transparency, preservation and access to Government information
|Rebecca Blakeley
|Audiobooks, e-books, and online reading: impact on library services and collections
|Jessica Moyer
|Web 3.0
|Robin Hastings
|Managing Change
|Anne Heidemann
|The future of reference
|Linda Crook
|Teaching a for-credit Information Literacy Course: Practical assignment sharing
|Catherine Johnson
|Evaluating and implementing new technologies without an IT department
|Rachael Rezek
|Planning & facilitating an unconference
|Barbara Moon
|Technology sandbox for web staff skill development
|Matthew Hamilton
|How libraries can provide services using patrons' online social networks without being creepy
|Olivia Nellums
Discussion Period #2 3:20-4:10
|Libraries and Innovation: Creating environments for encouraging and supporting creativity and innovation among staff 1
|Bobbi Newman
|Libraries and Innovation: Creating environments for encouraging and supporting creativity and innovation among staff 2
|Meredith Farkas
|Can online instruction replace face-to-face instruction? How do we make online instruction effective?
Resources on this topic: What Librarians Can Learn from E-Learning Professionals Advice for Designing Online Instruction Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies
|Rebecca Blakiston
|Information Literacy and the First Year Experience
|Rob Walsh
|iPhone/Android Applications for Libraries
|Mark McCallon
|Building and Utilizing Mobile Knowledge Networks & QRcodes ~ opportunities for public libraries and for youth services
|Bonnie Peirce
|Defining "local" catalogs of the near future: adding digital objects to a 2.0 catalog, i.e. open access/out-of-copyright books, journals, photos, others
|Robin Kear
|Practical Emerging Technology + 10 years = What kind of library?
|Michael Porter
|Middle Management: The Challenges of Managing Upward and Downward
|Nanette Donohue
|Reaching "Young Adults" with library services (they're not students or teens anymore)
|Abigail Goben
Discussion Period #3 4:10-5:00
|Future of libraries, mobile web services
|Rachel Vacek
|Library Director 2.0
|Tasha Saecker
|The future of libraries in a ubiquitous computing world
|Jason Griffey
|Outreach in Academic Libraries- supporting research centers, student groups, continuing education, etc.
|Kristen Mastel
|Nonfiction readers advisory in the online world
|Rick Roche
|How do we convince people they really do want to be information literate?
|Elizabeth Matkowski
|Marketing the library - old school/new school
|Lorraine Squires
|Semi-spontaneous, minimally organized professional communication
|Steve Lawson
|The purpose of libraries and how we can ensure that others see the value
|Amy Harmon


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Church of Greece
|Church of Greece
|Autocephaly/Autonomy declared
|Autocephaly/Autonomy recognized
|1850 by Constantinople
|Current primate
|Ieronymos II
|Athens, Greece
|Primary territory
|Possessions abroad
|Liturgical language(s)
|Musical tradition
|Byzantine Chant / Choral
|Revised Julian
|Population estimate
|10,000,000 [1]
|Official website
|Church of Greece
The Church of Greece, also called the Greek Orthodox Church, is one of the fourteen autocephalous churches of the Orthodox Christian communion, whose territory consists of the whole of Greece except for those parts which belong to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, such as the Dodecanese and Crete. Though bishops of the "new lands" (those that were liberated from 1912 and afterward) are members of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, they commemorate the Patriarch of Constantinople in the divine services.
The current primate of the Church of Greece is His Beatitude Ieronymos II (Liapis), Archbishop of Athens and All Greece.
The Greek Orthodox Church traces its history back to the time of St. Paul who was the first to preach Christianity in Greece. He visited Athens, Philippi, Thessaloniki, Veroia, Corinth and Crete. Christianity eventually spread through Greece from these cities. In these early days, the Church of Greece comprised a diocese, with Corinth as the centre, known then as Achaia and considered a city of great importance.
The Church of Cyprus recognised its autonomy from the Church of Greece during the Council of Ephesus in 431. This was confirmed by the Emperor in 488.
When Constantine the Great divided the Roman Empire, Greece and Macedonia constituted the diocese of Eastern Illyricum, which was self-governing. By 733 AD, under Emperor Leo the Third, Greece was acknowledged as part of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople but prior to this, it was subordinated to the Bishops of Rome.
During the Byzantine Empire and the subsequent Turkish occupation of Greece, the Christian church in Greece was under the administration of the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople. After the Greek War of Independence (1821-32), the provisional president of Greece Ioannis Kapodistrias(1776-1831), began negotiations with the patriarch for the independence of the Greek church. The final decision was made when Otto I (1815-1867), the new king of Greece, feared the Turkish government might still be able to influence the politics of Greece through the patriarchate of Constantinople and as such the Greek church was declared autocephalous in 1833. The independence was formalised by Constantinople in 1850, with some limitations.
In 1864, the Ionian islands were added to the Church of Greece and in 1881 the diocese of Thessaly and parts of Epirus were also added. Also in this year, the first Greek Orthodox church was founded in America. Under an agreement made in 1908 between the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Holy Synod of Athens, jurisdiction of the churches in America was given to the Church of Greece. In 1927, the statutes regarding the Church were modified resulting in the government controlling the church and attending the Holy Synod meetings. So during the 20s and 30s, the turbulent political events in Greece divided the Greeks of America and this resulted in Archbishop Athenaogoras of Corfu to be appointed to head the Greek Church in America.
Today the Church of Greece is governed by a Holy Synod, presided over by the Metropolitan Archbishop of Athens and assisted by four bishops chosen in regular succession. The Patriarch of Constantinople is still regarded as the spiritual head of the church and all of the Holy Chrisma used in Greece is consecrated by him. Organised as a state church, similar to the pattern adopted in the Russian church under Peter the Great of Russia, the ultimate authority is vested in the Synod of Bishops under the presidency of the archbishop of Athens and all Greece. A second synod, with the same presidency, consists of 12 bishops, each serving for one year only. The first synod deals with general ecclesiastical questions, whereas the second synod deals with administrative details. The church is divided into 81 small dioceses; some of these, are nominally under the jurisdiction of Constantinople. The majority of the church's priests in Greece do not have a university education, with very little formal training beyond two years at higher seminaries after high school. An up-to-date listing, in order of seniority of ordination, of the Holy Synod can be accessed at the Church of Greece's official website.
Greek language
The Greek language has been known as the "Sacred Language" of the church from the time of the Apostles and enjoyed its prominence mainly in the early history of Christianity. In scriptural study and to a great extend it is one of the original languages of the Scriptures (the New Testament).
- ... adsolent Latini homines Graece cantare oblectati sono verborum nescientes tamen quid dicant. [The Latins are accustomed to singing in Greek, delighted by the sounds of the words, but not knowing what they are saying.] [1]
- 1359 St. Gregory Palamas (1296-1359)
- 1770 St. Kosmas Aitolos (1714-1779)
- 1809 St. Nicodemus the Hagiorite (1748-1809)
- 1813 St. Athanasius Parios (1722-1813)
Contemporary elders
- Elder Joseph the Hesychast (1898-1959)
- Elder George of Drama (1901-1959)
- Elder Gervasius of Patras (1877-1964)
- Elder Amphilochius of Patmos (+1970)
- Elder Demetrius of Trikala (1902-1975)
- Elder Philotheos (Zervakos) of Paros (1884-1980)
- Hieromonk Kosmas of Zaire (1942-1989)
- Elder Epiphanius of Athens (+1989)
- Elder Porphyrius of Kavsokalyvia and Kallisa (1906-1991)
- Elder Iacovos (Tsalikis) of Euboea (1920-1991)
- Elder Paisius the New of Mt Athos (1924-1994)
- Eldress Macrina of Volos (1921-1995)
- Blessed Stavritsa the Missionary (1916-2000)
- Papa-Dimitri Gagastathi
Modern writers
References and notes
- ↑ The "Ambrosiaster" (saec. IV) on 1 Cor 14:14; CSEL 81, 2, p. 153, 6
See also
- Church of Greece Structure
- List of Primates for the Church of Greece
- Holy Synod of Greece
- List of Greek Monasteries and Churches
- Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece
- List of Greek Saints
External links
Official Sites of the Church of Greece
- The Church of Greece Official Site
- The Archdiocese of Athens Official Site
- Apostoliki Diakonia of the Church of Greece
- The Online Library Site of the Church of Greece
- The Online Cultural Center of the Church of Greece
- Multimedia Releases Site of the Church of Greece
- Gallery Site of the Church of Greece
- Music Gallery Site of the Church of Greece
- Documentaries Site of the Church of Greece
- Discussion forum Site of the Church of Greece
- European Issues Site of the Church of Greece
Other Sites
- Representation of the Church of Greece to the European Union, official website
Church-State relations in Greece
- Anastasios Anastassiadis. Religion and Politics in Greece: The Greek Church's 'Conservative Modernization' in the 1990's. Research in Question, No.11, January 2004. (pdf format).
Various News Articles
- "Religion is main group activity in Greece:study" - Hosted on AFP, 23rd May 2008
Non-Orthodox Reviews
- The Orthodox Church of Greece. CNEWA Papal Agency website.
- Library of Congress - Federal Research Division - Country Studies - Greece (See section on RELIGION: Orthodox Church of Greece).
|Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches of Orthodoxy
|Autocephalous Churches
| Four Ancient Patriarchates: Constantinople · Alexandria · Antioch · Jerusalem
Russia · Serbia · Romania · Bulgaria · Georgia · Cyprus · Greece · Poland · Albania · Czech Lands and Slovakia · OCA* · Ukraine*
|Autonomous Churches
|Sinai · Finland · Estonia* · Japan* · China* · Ukraine*
|The * designates a church whose autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.