text:
The day is long gone, when I had to wait until mid-morning for my father to let go of the only newspaper we used to get. He would come from the market and sit on the veranda with his tea and the paper before going to office. Some days he was late from the market giving us a free access to the paper, but most days by the time I got up for breakfast it was too late. He would let go of the paper not because he was done, but he was getting late for office. He would have another go at it in the evening after his work. By lunch I would be done with the paper, or at least the bits I was interested in, and look forward to the neighbors' paper which came as a part of post lunch exchange program. Besides these two newspapers, we had nightly news on the TV. In those days, that was all the access to news we had.
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HP Customer Support
How Do I Find My Model Number or Product Number?
HP provides a type of model name near the keyboard or screen, but this name or number is probably not sufficient to get proper support for your computer. These names or numbers often represent a series of many notebook computers that look similar, but have different options and parts. For example, HP has produced over a hundred types of G62 notebook models in different configurations, such as the G62-340-US and the G62-465DX models.
This document describes how you can find a more appropriate model number that better represents your exact type of HP Notebook PC. You can use the model number (also called a product name) to download drivers, find helpful documents, or get on-line support.
If needed, you may also use this document to find the serial number which is always listed near the product number.
View a video on how to find your model number
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Option 1: Use the product label
Find the product number on a label located on the underside of the notebook. On some computers, the label is inside the main battery compartment and you must remove the battery to read the label (see examples below).
Once you have found the product identification label, find the product number shown next to
Product #
The following table shows the location of typical product information labels on the underside of the notebook or in the battery compartment. Yours may be in a slightly different location.
Example locations of model and product numbers
Figure 1: On the back of the notebook
Figure 2: Inside the battery compartment
Figure 3: Under a cover on the back of the notebook
Option 2: Use System Information or HP Support Assistant
Use the following steps find your model number using HP utilities. If your computer does not start into Windows, use
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In Windows, press the
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NCIS The Board Game
Price: $24.95
- Additional Details
- Ages: 13+
- Weight: 2.52
- Made In: China
Based on the hit CBS-TV crime series. Working as an NCIS team, players visit the crime scene, get statements from suspects and see what the latest news is at headquarters. During eachgame, plot twists occur that may or may not change your suspicions. As a group, decide who to arrest. If youre in a deadlock, the player whos Agent Gibbs, will decide!
For 1 to 6 players, ages teen to adult.
- Game board
- 108 game cards
- 9 crime scene cards
- 9 headquarters cards
- 6 clue manuals
- rules/solution booklet
- 6 character movers
- 6 mover stands
- 24 commendation chips
- 8 cluemarkers
- note pad
Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought.
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Seared Cajun Catfish
To save money and have a fresher-tasting spice blend, make your own Cajun seasoning. Combine 1 tablespoon each salt, garlic powder, cayenne, onion powder, oregano,...


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Great Value
By Central NJ Mom
from Princeton NJ
About Me Casual
Comments about Slalom Men's Pull-On Ski Pant:
This was a great purchase for a growing teenager who seems to need new ski gear each season. There were no complaints.
Comment on this review
Coming apart after a month
By Bubbasaurus
from Seattle, WA
I used the pants for skiing 6 times over a month and the stitching is already coming apart on both legs about mid-calf. The fit is fine, but the durability is lacking.
Good Pants, Great Value
By NY
from New York
Bought these pants because I needed something with insulation. I have a pair of Northface pants that are more of a shell. Used these snowboarding in 10 degree weather and they kept me warm and dry all day. Not sure about the other review, but they didn't absorb any water and as a snowboarder you are constantly sitting in the snow to get into your bindings. All and all they were [$] and well worth it. I have a 35" waist and got a large, which fit comfortably and wasn't terribly baggy.
(5 of 6 customers found this review helpful)
Not waterproof
By DannoB
from Massachusetts
Bought these pants to use while shoveling snow. Although the tag on them states they're waterproof they're not. Spent 3 hours shoveling snow and ended up with wet legs.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
Excellent Value!!!
By Skier from Mn.
from Brighton, Co.
About Me Bargain Shopper
I picked these up on my way to Echo Mountain Co. They were comfortable all day long and warm to boot.I've paid a lot more for more popular brands but never again, these pants rock!
(5 of 5 customers found this review helpful)
Great Alternative
By Willy
from Cheyenne, WY
About Me Casual Dresser
I bought these pants because the NorthFace pants were too expensive. Sports Authority provided a great price so I decided to give them a try. After my first time wearing them in the snow I absolutely loved them. They are soft, comfortable, easy to wear, and resist water, wind, and cold. I am from Texas so these are my first snow pants. I would highly recommend them as an alternative to the more expensive name brand outwear. We like them so much my wife just bought a pair. Even though they are lightweight they are outstanding at resisting cold and moisture.


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Where Jesus Never Walked
Where Jesus Never Walked
Frank R. Zindler
Before his vocal cords rusted, Pat Boone used to sing a little ditty dealing with the thrill of retracing the steps of Jesus in the Holy Land. The song was titled "I walked today where Jesus Walked," and it reflected the orthodox picture of the stage on which the drama of the ages is supposed to have played out. Unspecified hills of Galilee, Gethsemane, Calvary -- all important places of the Jesus legend were there for Pat to croon about. Unknown to the wholesome Mr. Boone, however, the geography of that song was about as real as that which is reflected in the songs "Follow the yellow-brick road," or "We're off to see the Wizard, the wonderful Wizard of Oz."
Geography of Oz
There is considerable similarity between the geography of Oz and that of the New Testament, and a careful study of Ozography can prepare us methodologically for the great task of riddling out the mysteries of Bible geography as they relate to the career of the supposedly historical Jesus. But before we deal with the problem of where Jesus might have walked, let us consider the possible perambulations of the Wizard of Oz.
It is well established that Dorothy and Toto started from the center of Kansas -- a geographic entity at least as well established as Jerusalem or the Sea of Galilee. Moreover, the land of Oz should be located at a distance of one cyclone-trip-without-transfer away from the center of Kansas. A careful study of meteorology, atmospheric physics, and mid-American cyclone trajectories shows that Oz's capital, Emerald City, must have been located somewhere between Topeka and the north western part of Missouri, the part west of US route 35.
Lamentably, however, a careful scrutiny of all the Landsat photographs for the area in question turns up absolutely no trace of Ozian ruins. Exhaustive search detects no trace of Emeraldite buildings. Even a careful reading of the excavation reports made when the Topeka and Kansas City subway systems were built reveals no evidence of Ozoid foundations or artifacts. We must conclude that Emerald City never existed -- ever.
If the land of Oz is not real -- a mere literary fiction -- what can we believe about the Wizard of Oz? Is there any longer any point in trying to penetrate to deeper levels of the scriptural text to discover a historical kernel, some residue of an "Historical Wizard" underlying the legendary Wizard of Oz? Can we seriously suppose that a real Wizard, despite the fictive elements of Baum's graceful gospel, might yet have foisted his foolery in Kokomo or Cucamonga -- even if not in Emerald City as recorded?
What are the implications of the discovery that Oz is a metaphor, not a place? For one thing, it throws the entire subject of Munchkin historical demography into total disarray. For another, it makes all but logically certain that the Wizard of Oz is mythical. It makes us realize that if the geography in which a character supposedly acted out his career is fictional, the character himself more likely than not is fictional as well. While such a demonstration falls short of proving a universal negative, it nevertheless is very compelling. At a minimum, it leaves one with the feeling that it would be quite irrational to continue believing in the historical reality of a character who lacked a real habitat. When Oz does not exist, is it rational to believe in the Wizard of Not-Oz?
Keeping the idea of the Wizard of Not-Oz in mind, let us now turn our attention to another character in another work of fiction: Jesus of Nazareth, the major character of the gospels of Luke, Matthew, and John, although is is completely unknown to the writers of the epistles supposed to have been written by St. Paul. (None of the saintly forgers called Paul ever refer to "Jesus of Nazareth.") As the Wizard should have been of Oz, so Jesus should have been of Nazareth. But where was Nazareth in the first century C.E.? More fundamentally, was Nazareth in the first century?
Nazareth is not mentioned even once in the entire Old Testament, nor do any ancient historians or geographers mention it before the beginning of the fourth century. The Talmud, although it names 63 Galilean towns, knows nothing of Nazareth. Josephus, who wrote extensively about Galilee (a region roughly the size of Rhode Island) and conducted military operations back and forth across the tiny territory in the last half of the first century, mentions Nazareth not even once -- although he does mention by name 45 other cities and villages of Galilee. This is even more telling when one discovers that Josephus does mention Japha, a village which is just over a mile from present-day Nazareth! Josephus tells us that he was occupied there for some time. Today, Japha can be considered a suburb of Nazareth, but in Josephus' day, I'll wager, the people of Japha buried their dead in the tombs of the unnamed necropolis that now underlies the modern city called Nazareth.
Although the new testament tells us very little about our mythical municipality, it does tell us enough to allow us to conclude that present day Nazareth couldn't be the Biblical city referred to, say, the the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Luke. In that chapter we find a story about Jesus coming back in his "home town" about taking a turn teaching in the synagogue. (Keep in mind that no synagogue ruins datable to the first century have ever been found at the present site.) According to Luke's tale, Jesus' teaching riled everyone up because of its supposed blasphemy, and the natives were going to execute him for that awful crime. Instead of stoning him, the required penalty for blasphemy, verses 28-30 tell us the legally and culturally implausible story that "At these words, the whole congregation were infuriated. They leapt up, threw him out of the town, and took him to the brow of the hill on which it was built, meaning to hurl him over the edge. But we walked straight through them all, and went away."
Although this is an obvious fairy tale, it does tell us that wherever Nazareth was located, it was on a hill and that the hill had a cliff high enough that a man falling off it would be killed. The town now called Nazareth, however, until just recently never occupied the top of a hill. Rather for a thousand years or more it has occupied a valley floor and the lower half of the hillside that bounds it on the northwest. Excavations of the top of the Nazarene hill show that it has never had buildings on its top before the twentieth century. Worse yet, there is no cliff which can be identified with the "brow of the hill" from which the Jews sought to cast Jesus down to his death.
Like the White Queen whom Alice met in Through the Looking Glass, Christian pilgrims have always been able to believe six or more mutually contradictory, impossible propositions every morning before breakfast. Unlike the White Queen, however, the Christians have been able to maintain such belief after breakfast as well. Thus, since there is no place suitable for dwarf-tossing let alone messiah-chucking on the hill at present-day Nazareth, entrepreneurial priests, monks, and native guides have staked out other places to show gullible tourists as the place where the Jews tried to jettison Jesus -- while still maintaining the city itself as Nazareth.
Although Jebel el-Qafzeh, a small mountain 2.5 km SE of Nazareth, is believed by the Greek Orthodox to be the site of the attempted deicide, another mountain, several catapult throws west of Qafzeh is believed by the Roman Catholics to be the exact spot. Some people probably believe that both sites are correct, although for some centuries, there has been a tendency to reconcile the contradiction by invention of a new, improved mythology. It seems that Luke was a bit vague and imprecise when he claimed that Jesus walked right through the crowd of Jews and thus escaped precipitation to the ranks of flattened fauna. What really happened, it was discovered, is that Jesus jumped into the air to evade the mob. It is a pity that this took place before the broad jump became a part of the Olympic games, since this jump of Jesus was a doozie. You see, he jumped all the way from Qafzeh, the mountain in the east, onto the mountain several catapult-throws away in the west. Thus, we have the Mount of the Lord's Launching and the Mount of the Lord's Landing.
I'm not making this up, you know. We have written records to prove it. In 1336 Sir John Maudeville checked out the site where Jesus landed after jumping from the crowd. "and soone after he was founden at the fote of an other Mountayne therby where yet the prynte of his holy stappes are sene" -- Maundeville's very words. (Of course, these fossil footprints are at the foot of the mountain rather than on the top. But only a hopeless skeptic would think this a discrepancy.)
Even before Maudeville, in 1283 Burchard of Mt. Sion, a German Dominican (and thus especially trustworthy), certified that "Lord's Leap -- the place where they tried to deject Jesus -- but [where] he slipped out of their hands and suddenly found himself an arrow's shot away on the flank of a mountain across the way -- where this is pointed out, there you can see the imprinted outline of his body and his clothes." As far as I can tell, it's not too far a hike for pilgrims between the footprints and the body print up the hill!
We have already noted that the town today called Nazareth does not fit the place implied in Luke's gospel. Moreover, archaeological excavations at present-day Nazareth -- even though carried out by Franciscan monks and priests who must always be aware of the tourist significance of the real estate owned by their order -- have failed to show the remains of a single building credibly datable to the first century B.C.E. or the first century C.E. The oldest buildings found seem to date from the last half of the third century, and there is no information to indicate what the inhabitants of those buildings called their village.
To be sure, the Franciscans have pointed to crockery, coins, and other artifacts excavated from beneath the various shrines at Nazareth as proof that the place was inhabited during the first centuries B.C.E. and C.E. But all these items are compatible with the idea that they were associated with burials, and most items are dated vaguely (deliberately, in my opinion) as from "the Roman period" -- to conjure up images of Pontius Pilate and the first century, even though the Roman period lasted into the fourth century C.E., and even I accept the possibility that the site was settled as early as the end of the second century.
Before the second or third century C.E. -- going back to the Middle Bronze Age -- the site now occupied by Nazareth was a necropolis, a city of the dead. The hillside underlying part of the present city is riddled with tombs and natural caves which for over a thousand years were used for burials. Since Jewish law prohibited cemeteries from being in the midst of inhabited sites, we can be quite sure that there was no Jewish city at the present site in the days when a supposedly Jewish Jesus is supposed to have been running loose there.
Despite these facts, a visitor to today's Nazareth can be treated to a visit to the room in which the Virgin Mary "received" the angel Gabriel. (Now though the perch upon which he roosted is still there, the window through which he flew was blocked up by 1666.) Both the kitchen in which she cooked the meals for the family and Joseph's carpentry workshop are displayed. The room in which Jesus lived after his return from Egypt can also be visited, as well as the places where the Blessed Virgin was born -- there are, of course, several of them, not counting her birthplace file miles away in Sepphoris or her birthplace in Jerusalem. The peculiar thing about all these sacred spots, however, is that they are all in grottoes or caves. My old German Lutheran pastor never told me that Jesus, Mary, and Joseph were troglodytes! Perhaps a branch of the Flintstone family! Another peculiar fact about these sites is that they are all within a few yards of cave-tombs, or were themselves used as cave-tombs at one time or another, or both. Since Jewish law prohibits habitation within 150-200 feet of a grave or tomb, we must conclude that the "good Jewish family" into which Christ was born were perpetually in a state of ritual uncleanliness!
That the holy family were cave people is only fitting, however, when we note that Jebel el-Qafzeh, the "Mount of the Lord's Launching," is less than two miles away from the Christ cave. A cave at Qafzeh has yielded a series of Neanderthal-like skeletons dating to the Ice Age, 100,000 years ago. So the Flintstone connection might not be too wide of the mark after all!
To sum up the archaeological evidence from so-called Nazareth, no remains of actual buildings datable to the turn of the era have ever been uncovered, despite the immense amount of excavating and building that have taken place there during the last century. What have been found, in mind-boggling plenty, are cave tombs and grave sites. Until the site was settled some time after the expulsion of the Jews from Jerusalem in 135 C.E., our would-be holy city was a burial ground, a veritable city of the dead, or necropolis. In the first century, the major town of Japha was only a little over a mile away, and it is likely that its inhabitants found the natural caverns and grottoes of the Nazareth hill an ideal place to bury their dead.
Given, then, that the place now called Nazareth cannot be the biblical site, is there any other place for which tradition from very early times could nominate for the honor of being the childhood home of Jesus? Given the seemingly inexhaustible capacity of religious entrepreneurs to multiply sacred sites and holy relics, it is startling to discover that there really aren't any other candidates.
In this regard, it is extremely interesting that the church father Origen, who lived from 182? to 254? C.E. gave no indication of knowing where Nazareth was, even though he lived in Caesarea, a seaport town just thirty miles from present-day Nazareth! Mind you, it is not that Origen had no opportunity to mention the city. In fact he mentions it a number of times in his attempts to reconcile the contradictory accounts of the gospel stories impacting on the passage just quoted above from Luke1. Curiously, Origen doesn't quite know whether the town should be called Nazareth or Nazara. If there actually had been such a town close-by, when Origen was writing, he could simply have walked over to it and asked the inhabitants how they spelled the name of their town. But it seems clear that Origen didn't think there was such a town at all. To save the gospels from their many mutual contradictions, he had to propose a "mystical" method of interpreting them, and argued that they could not be interpreted literally. Almost certainly, to Origen the geography of the gospels -- including the supposed town of Nazareth -- was just as mystical and insubstantial as the events of the gospels. The first supposed solid reference to Nazareth as a geographical reality is given by the church father Eusebius, also of Caesarea, who wrote during the first decades of the fourth century. His Onomasticon, a geographical listing and description of all the holy places mentioned in the Bible, is often cited as proof of the Existence of a city called Nazareth at the present location at the end of the third century. A careful study of the Greek text of Eusebius' brief and confused mention of Nazareth leads one to conclude that he had never been there himself (even though like Origen he lived only thirty miles away) and was not at all sure just where the place was. Nazareth might as well have been in Mongolia, for all the first-hand information we get from Eusebius!
If there never was a place called Nazareth in the first century, how did the name get into the Bible? We have already noted that the name is unknown in any of the epistles, those of Paul being the oldest parts of the New Testament. The city is named only in the gospels and the book of Acts. The oldest of the gospels is that attributed to a certain Mark, even though the authors of its various components are utterly known. Mark, unlike the later gospels, mentions Nazareth only once; in chapter 1, verse 9, which tells us that "Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee." It is of more than a little interest to learn that scholars suspect this verse to be a later addition just like the last twelve verses of the gospel. If this is true -- and I am quite certain that it is 2 -- this leaves the oldest gospel without any knowledge of a place called Nazareth. 3 Once Nazareth found its way into the gospel of Mark, it grew in importance in the later gospels. One might say that for Jesus to make a mark in the world, it was necessary to make a word in Mark!
The way in which the name Nazareth came into existence is intimately related to the process by which Jesus obtained his biography, and so we must digress from pseudogeography to pseudobiography.
Before Jesus could be given a biography, he had to receive a name. Actually, he received several names, but all of his names were really titles. Thus the name Jesus of Nazareth originally was not a name at all, but rather a title meaning (The) Savior, (The) Branch. In Hebrew this would have been Yeshua Netser. The word Yeshua means 'savior,' and Netser means 'sprout,' 'shoot,' or 'branch' -- a reference to Isaiah 11:1, which was thought to predict a messiah (lit., 'anointed one') of the line of Jesse (King David's father): "And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots..." (You've all heard by now of the Branch Davidians! They take their name from the same idea.)
While this reference to a branch from Jesse will doubtless seem obscure to modern Atheists, it would not have been obscure to ancient Jews such as those who composed the Dead Sea Scrolls (and wrote a commentary on Isaiah 11:1); nor would it have been obscure to the early Christians. According to the church father Epiphanius, who was born on Cyprus in 367 C.E. and wrote a treatise against "heretics," the Christians originally were called Jessaeans, precisely because of the messianic tie to Jesse. 4
Although for speakers of Hebrew and its close cousin Aramaic the meaning and prophetic significance of the title The Savior, The Branch would have been clear, after it had been wrestled into greek as Iosous Nazoraios or Iesous Nazarenos, its titular significance must soon have been forgotten. The Iosous part came to be a simple name (Iesus in Latin) of the Tom, Dick, or Harry sort. The Nazoraios part, however, was misperceived as being derived from the name of a place -- the imaginary village of Nazareth -- much as the word Parisian can be derived from Paris.
And so, Yeshua Netser came to be Jesus of Nazareth -- a name thought to contain information about a person's place of origin.
As we have already seen, at the turn of the era, there was no place called Nazareth, and we do not know when the place now called by that name became so identified. As far as I can tell, the place presently called Nazareth received its name from an imaginative Branch Jessaean some time at the end of the second or early third century. At the turn of the era, however, Nazareth was as mythical as the Mary, Joseph, and Jesus family that was supposed to have lived there.
So Jesus never walked in Nazareth. And Jesus never walked in Hoboken or Hamtramck. And he probably never walked on 42nd street in Manhattan. But what about Capernaum, Bethany, or Bethphage? And wasn't he betrayed in Gethsemane and crucified on Calvary? and didn't he have a girlfriend who came from Magdala, and didn't he compete with a guy who baptized people at a place called AEnon? If he didn't walk in Nazareth, where, if anyplace, did Jesus walk?
Since Capernaum is supposed to have been the site of Jesus' second home, the home of St. Peter, and the site of some of the most impressive miracles, we need to take a look at the evidence for Capernaum.
At first glance, Capernaum differs from Nazareth by virtue of the fact that it is said to be mentioned by Josephus, both in his Life (72:403) and in his Jewish War (III:8:519). But the sites mentioned in Josephus' Life and Jewish War are two different places, and neither is the equivalent of the Capernaum of the gospels.
The Jewish War passage describes a spring, not a town, name Kapharnoum or Kapharnaoun and tells about the odd fish that lives in the spring. Josephus says that Kapharnaoun has been imaged to be a branch of the Nile! If this were the Capernaum of the gospels, JC and St. Peter would have been walking on the water all the time -- and sleeping on it as well.
The passage in Josephus' Life mentions a town called Kepharnokon, not Kapharnoum, and it is only a blinding bias induced by Christian ganglion-washing that makes almost all scholars suppose that Josephus is talking about the biblical town. But Kepharnokon clearly is not Capernaum, and Capernaum, like Nazareth, is unknown outside the gospels before the end of the first century.
The most common meaning given to the name Capernaum as it appears in the gospels is City of Nahum, although whether it refers to the prophet Nahum or some other Nahum is not agreed. Origen, like nearly everyone else up to the present, derived the second part of the name from the same root as that for the name Nahum, but arrived at 'place of consolation' as the meaning of Capernaum. It is important to note that Origen understood clearly that the name Capernaum -- as other sacred names -- had a symbolic meaning that befitted the stories in which it was embedded.
While most scholars are correct in tracing Capernaum to the root from which Nahum derives, I think they have all missed the crucial nuance in the root's meaning which caused the evangelists to choose it as the symbolic name of the place where their nascent cult's most important progress should occur. When we see how this Hebrew word was translated into Greek in several ancient versions of the Old Testament, we find that it could be translated as Paraclete, or Comforter. It is this possible link to the Paraclete, I believe, that reveals the symbolic intent of the New Testament writers when they created Capernaum. As 'the village of the Paraclete', Capernaum would focus the idea that the Holy Spirit was guiding the early church, as well as the idea that the early church (as symbolized by the Jesus character) was fulfilling the role of intercessor or advocate.
Capernaum is mentioned sixteen times in the gospels and nowhere else in the New Testament. Despite the importance of Capernaum during the alleged ministry of Jesus, the Apostles seem not to have returned to the place, if one may judge from the silence of Acts. Certainly this is curious. One would suppose that organizational ties would have required at least some of them to return to maintain the enterprise. Of course, if Capernaum were merely symbolic, and not a geographic entity, and if the apostles also were symbols rather than people, this peculiar circumstance is easily understood.
Exhaustive analysis of all occurrences of the name Capernaum with regard to the geography and topographic setting produces no convincing picture of a specific site. Not one of the evangelists could have directed a tour to the place. In the oldest gospel materials, even the location of Capernaum in Galilee is not certain. Capernaum could be located anywhere around the Sea of Galilee. Both Mark and John indicate that the city is located not too far from a shore of the Sea of Galilee, and it contains a synagogue. That's it.
The lack of any clear indication of where we should look to find the ruins of Capernaum, combined with the fact that there is no site anywhere that has a tradition unbroken from even the second century of having been called Capernaum, indicates that all the archaeological ballyhoo about "discoveries at Capernaum" is of no importance. When they dig up the sign reading "The Capernaum Chamber of Commerce Welcomes You," we will reconsider the claims.
That a site so important in the birth of Christianity should have been lost to knowledge for several centuries immediately after its moment of glory is rather astonishing and requires an explanation from those who suppose Capernaum to have been historical. The silence of Origen concerning its location and physical features must be explained also. For Origen lived at Caesarea, only 45 miles from the site modern maps call Capernaum, and he traveled widely and frequently and records that "We have visited the places to learn by inquiry of the footsteps of Jesus and of his disciples and of the prophets." Despite extended discussion of the chronological and geographic contradictions concerning Capernaum in the gospels, never does he even hint that he actually knows where the place is to be found. Capernaum's unknown physical location clearly is a major factor in Origen's argument that the gospels and the gospel place names must be interpreted mystically, not historically.
With the absence of a continuous Capernaum tradition connected to any site, nowadays only one site is considered a candidate for the gospel village; Telhum, 2.5 miles SW of where the Jordan flows into the Sea of Galilee. Indeed, Israeli maps call the place Kfar-Nachum (the Hebrew equivalent of Capernaum), and both Catholic and Israeli tourist agencies are absolutely delighted.
The Telhum site has never contained a spring, however. This rules it out as the site of the place mentioned in Josephus' Jewish War, (the place which in some Greek manuscripts is spelled exactly the same way as the Capernaum of the gospels) but not the place mentioned in the Life (the place called Kepharnokon instead of Capernaum). Nor could it be the site mentioned in Mt 4:13, which requires Capernaum to be both in Zebulon and Naphtali! While Telhum may be within the ancient territory of Naphtali, it most assuredly is not in Zebulon. Just possibly, the Franciscans have found the place mentioned in Life (the place called Kepharnokon instead of Capernaum). If so, it would rule out the place as the site of the gospel Capernaum.
The fact that the site is owned and operated by religious organizations -- organizations that have a vested interest in the results of archaeological investigations -- does not allow one to read excavation reports from 'Capernaum' without healthy doses of skepticism. Indeed, the reports generated by these motivated parties must be scrutinized the way one deals with the works of fundamentalist "creation scientists." The Israeli archaeologists Baruch Sapir and Dov Neeman 5 have given a revealing critique of the type of 'science' that has been done at the Telhum site -- beginning with attempts to relate the remains of a synagogue found there to the synagogue in which Jesus is alleged to have taught. Their criticism deals with the work of Dr. Gaudence Orfali, a Christian excavator whose digs up to 1926 perhaps made it forever impossible to recover the archaeological truth concerning the Telhum site:
Dr. G. Orfali... Concentrated on an altogether different research method, characterized by its singleness of purpose and inspired by the Franciscan Fathers, whose sole aim was to rediscover the synagogue of Kfar-Nachum. ... Their one and only goal was to unearth the edifice which, according to the Gospels, was the earthly scene and backdrop for the greater part of Christ's Galilean ministry. ... their aim was to prove ... that the synagogue they excavated was the building, built on the very place and in the proper historical setting.
... both the dig and the very thorough report on it as published by Dr. Orfali ... lost the impartial and unbiased power of scientific analysis, both of finds and results. ...
Therefore the report does not contain even the slightest hint at an effort to establish stratification through modern methods... Instead of relying on actual archaeological evidence, Dr. Orfali chose for his report a much simpler method: he either ignored completely or suppressed anything discovered on the site that was considered irrelevant to the main purpose of the dig or liable to disprove the underlying theory of the building date. ... Orfali thereby withheld information which might have changed the preconceived official theory and carefully avoided any statements contradicting the accepted date of the building.
Sapir and Neeman also tell how more than 2000 coins found in the Capernaum dig were hidden away and suppressed for over 40 years, apparently because they did not accord with Orfali's expectations.
Although finding the remains of a first-century synagogue is a prerequisite for establishing any site as a candidate for the biblical Capernaum, no one except for some Franciscans any longer thinks that the limestone synagogue ruins shown to tourists at 'Capernaum' date to the first century. However, the Franciscan Virgilio Corbo, claims to have found the remains of an earlier synagogue, the basalt walls of which lie almost exactly aligned beneath the limestone walls of the synagogue now on the surface. 6 The implication, of course, is that Corbo has uncovered the remains of the first century synagogue. But Corbo has not proved that the basalt "walls" he found immediately under the limestone walls belonged to a separate building, let alone a synagogue. It is most probable that the basalt "walls" are merely the massive footings for the limestone walls.
Thus, the presence of a synagogue dating to the first century at Telhum remains to be proved. We must remind ourselves that hundreds of synagogues existed in Palestine during the first century, and successful demonstration of the existence at Telhum of a synagogue from that time is necessary, but not sufficient, to identify the site as Capernaum. No inscriptional remains capable of showing what the place was called have ever been found.
The most outrageous claim made by the Franciscan excavators of Telhum is that they have found the actual house of St. Peter beneath the ruins of the fifth-century octagonal church. 7 They claim that the remains they found of a plastered room with Christian graffiti, some perhaps pertaining to St. Peter, shows the site was venerated from the first century on. Non-Franciscan authorities, however, do not believe the evidence shows Christian activity before the fourth century. Certainly, by that time, we may expect that enterprising tour-guides had learned that they could get money from credulous Christian pilgrims by showing them the places where St. Peter's mother-in-law slept when she had a fever, where Jesus stood when he handed her the aspirin, where St. Peter tied up his boat, and where Jesus had his picnic with the five thousand. But there is no reason to suppose Franciscans at Kfar-Nachum own the remains of St. Peter's House than to suppose that reliquaries in Switzerland contain splinters of the True Cross.
How wary must we be with regard to work done by the Franciscans at Telhum? In 1964, in an unsuccessful effort to beautify the spot for the visit of Pope Paul VI, a resident monk decided to make it look as though St. Peter's basilica was really there, so the octagonal structure was somehow done up to resemble a basilical apse. The Israeli Department of Antiquities put a stop to that!
Bethphage, Bethany, and Bethabara
A careful study of the names of other places of importance in the gospels shows that many of them have highly symbolic meanings, are unknown in the Old Testament and in pagan geographies, and -- as was the case with Nazareth and Capernaum -- archaeological evidence for them is unconvincing or even counter indicative. Three such places, Bethphage, Bethany, and Bethabara, can be considered together because of the intimate textual interrelations in the gospels.
Bethany, allegedly less than two miles from Jerusalem, nevertheless is unknown in the Old Testament; nor is it known to Josephus or any other ancient geographer or historian. According to John 1:28, however, Bethany is located "beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing" -- i.e., Bethany is east of the Jordan River, in contradiction to the statement in John 11:18 that it is west of the Jordan. While this is confusing enough, some ancient witnesses (including Origen) indicate that the name of the Transjordan town of John 1:28 should read Bethabara instead of Bethany. Not surprisingly, 'Bethabara' also is unknown in the Old Testament, Josephus, and other ancient authors.
It is sometimes claimed that the Talmud contains evidence of the existence of a place called Bethany, but careful study forces one to reject the claim.
Considering the confusing condition of the evidence, it is no wonder that Michael Avi-Yonah, in his Gazetteer of Roman Palestine, 8 had to indicate three different possible sites for 'Bethany'.
As would be expected if the name Bethany were a geographic fiction coined by New Testament authors as a literary device, the first known appearance of the name is in the New Testament, and the use of the name is confusing and contradictory. We have already seen according to the Gospel of John, Bethany must lie on both sides of the Jordan at once. The confusion only multiples when we examine the other New Testament occurrences of the name.
Mark and Luke relate the position of Bethany to Bethphage, another town of gospel significance which was unknown to the rest of the world. They imply that both cities were located along the Roman road running from Jericho to Jerusalem, and that Bethany was closer to Jerusalem than was Bethphage. In the parallel passage in Matthew, however, only Bethphage is mentioned, and it appears that Bethany was a later addition to the text of Mark and Luke. Not surprisingly, there are also biblical reasons to put Bethphage close to Jerusalem, and so biblical maps show Bethphage as a dot closer to Jerusalem than is the dot for Bethany. Where were Bethany and Bethphage located? You can't tell from the Bible, but I can tell you that the Roman road from Jericho ran 2km north of, not through, the town now called Bethany!
We should note that Bethany and Bethphage are related to the tale of the miraculous cursing of the fig tree. What better place for this to take place than at The House of Figs, the literal meaning of Bethphage in Hebrew?
It would appear that the original version of this story in Mark mentioned only Bethphage (as symbolic setting for the cursing of the figs which was to follow). This was copied with little change by Matthew. Later, Bethany was added to the story. Since 'house of figs' is a possible etymology for Bethany as well as Bethphage, no damage was done to the symbolism of the story. I believe, however, that Bethany was meant to mean "house of the poor" -- alluding to the term by which the early Christians as well as Qumran covenanters referred to themselves. In any event, the symbolic -- not historic -- use of the names Bethany and Bethphage seems established by the evidence.
Origen expressed the opinion that the site of John's baptizing in the Transjordan should not be called Bethany, but rather Bethabara. In Origen's Commentary on John we read that (emphasis mine): 9
'These things were done in Bethabara, beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing.' We are aware of the reading which is found in almost all the copies, 'These things were done in Bethany'. ... We are convinced, however, that we should not read 'Bethany', but 'Bethabara'. We have visited the places to enquire as to the footsteps of Jesus and His disciples, and of the prophets. Now, Bethany ... is fifteen stadia from Jerusalem, and the river Jordan is about a hundred and eighty stadia distance from it. Nor is there any other place of the same name in the neighborhood of the Jordan, but they say that Bethabara is pointed out on the banks of the Jordan, and that John is said to have baptized there. ...
Origen points out that the etymologies of the names of the places are appropriate for the activities supposed to have taken place there: "House of preparation" for Bethabara and "House of obedience" for Bethany. He argues that an understanding of the etymologies of toponyms is important for understanding the deeper meaning of the scripture stories. Most significant for us, however, is the fact that Origen -- despite his long residence in Palestine and his extensive travels "to enquire as to the footsteps of Jesus and His disciples, and of the prophets" -- had himself seen neither Bethabara nor Bethany. In the case of Bethabara, our text is explicit: "they say [Bethabara] is pointed out" -- i.e., no one pointed Bethabara out to Origen. With regard to a Bethany near Jerusalem, there is nothing in Origen's account to make one suppose he had seen it either. Nor had Origen ever seen Bethphage. Thus, at the beginning of our inquiry into the written history of Bethany, Bethabara, and Bethphage, we find them utterly unknown as actual sites and considered to be symbols.
It is worth noting that Origen often says that a certain place "is pointed out." Pointed out by whom? By tour-guides, no doubt. It would seem that a tourist industry catering to credulous Christians was flourishing already in his day, and exploitation of gullible pilgrims was a thriving concern already before the end of the second century. Study of all relevant records surviving from antiquity turns out nothing to show that in very early times anyone knew where Bethany, Bethabara, or Bethphage were located or left any record of having been there. The literary record bears witness not to actual sites of gospel events, but rather to the willingness of people to deceive and be deceived.
While it is an obvious fact that no archaeologist has ever unearthed an ancient city-limit sign reading "Bethany, no gentiles allowed," it is no less a fact that absolutely nothing has ever been excavated at any of the sites today labeled as Bethany, Bethabara, or Bethphage that could tie those places to the biblical texts. To be sure, numerous items are pointed out by tour guides as the tomb of Lazarus, the place where John baptized, etc., but no archaeological thread relevant to Christian tradition can be traced back to the first century at any of these spots. Nor any any of these sites be reconciled with the inferences one must draw from the various gospel accounts. So Jesus never walked in Bethany, Bethabara, or Bethphage.
The Town Dyslexia Built
Although the names of most gospel towns were chosen for their symbolic meaning, at least one place name got into the New Testament as a result of a misreading of a papyrus text written in Greek. It is quite probably that Aenon -- the place where John the Baptist supposedly plied his trade -- resulted from one of the authors of the gospel of John misreading a papyrus manuscript of Luke's gospel.
In John 3:23 we read: "And John also was baptizing in Aenon near to Salim, because there was much water there: and they came, and were baptized."
Where did "John" get this geographic information? Aenon and Salim are unknown in Mark, the oldest gospel. Did John just make up Aenon and Salim? Yes and No.
There is considerable evidence that one of the authors of John knew the gospel of Luke, and there are telltale signs that at times John took ideas from Luke. A peculiar case in point involves a rather strange manuscript of the gospels and Acts known as Codex Bezae. Although the actual manuscript dates from the fifth century, most scholars agree that it reflects a very early condition of the books it contains, perhaps having been copied from an extremely old papyrus text. Bezae is noted for the very great number of places in which its Greek text differs from the so-called Textus Receptus (the "received text"). D. Paul Glaue, formerly at the University of Jena, has argued 10 that the text of Luke 3:18 reflected in Bezae was the text read by John when he was making up his Baptist stories. Actually, Glaue argued that this was the text mis-read by John.
The revised Standard Version renders this verse as "So, with many other exhortations, he preached good news to the people."
For this verse, Codex Bezae differs from Codex Vaticanus (one of the oldest surviving manuscripts of the Bible) in a single Greek word -- the word rendered "exhortations" in the English translation just given. Where Vaticanus has parakalon, Bezae has parainon. The meaning of parainon is advising, urging, substantially the same thing as parakalon, which means urging, encouraging, summoning, comforting. Although the meaning of Bezae is substantially the same as that of Vaticanus and other manuscript texts of Luke 3:18, it presented a problem for John that he would not have faced had he been looking at a manuscript containing the word parakalon. We have to remember that Greek manuscripts of the early centuries were written all in capital letters and that words were not always separated from each other. What John actually saw when he looked at the text of Luke was something like this:
Where to separate words? When he came to the rather rare word , he apparently took it for two words, . To a person who thought in Hebrew or Aramaic, the letters making up would seem to be a Greek rendering of Hebrew or Aramaic words meaning fountains, or springs, a not inappropriate supposition, given the context of John baptizing people. Aenon might thus be the name of a place with springs. The would be interpreted as a shortened form of a Greek preposition meaning by, in the vicinity of, from, or something of the sort. John thought he was reading that the Baptist was "in the vicinity of Aenon." So when John got around to writing his own account of the activities of the Baptizes [Jn 3:23], he placed him "In Aenon near to Salim." Although Salim is itself unknown to ancient geographers, spelled with an e it is mentioned in the Old Testament (Gen. 14:18) as the city of the fabled Melchizedek. 11 "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God." There is no precise geographic contest for Salem in Genesis, and we must note that this Melchizedek, King of Salem, was the subject of an active fable industry at the time John was writing. The unknown author of the Epistle to the Hebrews (7:1-3) tells us he went Jesus one better by having no mother as well as no father -- and is still alive! (I have it on good authority the Melchizedek is indeed still alive and is hiding in Argentina.)
So John never dunked at Aenon, and Jesus never swam at Salem.
Madalyns and Magdalenes
Just as we began with Nazareth, a town whose name was made up under the false impression that it was the source from which a name or title was derived -- Nazarene or Nazoree -- we may end with another New Testament town which had no existence apart from the grammatical manipulation of a title. The town -- rather the non-town -- is Magdala, the supposed source of the supposed hussy Mary Magdalene. (I assume everyone here knows that the English name Madalyn derives from the name Magdelene. Hopefully, our Madalyn won't be too upset to lose both her name-sake and her home-town.)
In the King James Version, we read of a place called Magdala only in Matthew's gospel, in 15:39. In most modern versions of the Bible, however, we find no trace of the place. Instead, we find the name Magadan. Why is this? This is because all the oldest manuscripts of Matthew have Magadan, not Magdala. Where did Matthew get the name Magadan, which (as you by now may expect) is unknown in the Old Testament and in all pre-Christian literature, and why did it get changed into Magdala? The first place to look for a source is Mark's gospel, the Greek text of which Matthew plagiarized, reworked, and inflated to produce his own infallible account of what we today might call the Branch Jessaean story. Amazing to say, however, Mark has Dalmanutha in the place of Magadan. You guessed it, Dalmanutha is just as unknown as Magadan or Magdala. It is interesting to note that Codex Bezae, which has so many important primitive readings that disagree with the so-called received text, renders the name Melegada, instead of Dalmanutha. In the margin of the text are instructions left by a later scribe telling how to alter the word Melegada -- which already had been converted into the word Magada -- to turn it into something more like Magdala. "Insert dal after g, erase the da." 12 We seem to be witnessing the birth of a star's hometown.
By the time Codex Bezae was being altered, Mary Magdalene had certainly become a popular symbol in Christian culture. If she was called Magdalene, people thought it must be because she came from a place called Magdala -- just as a Nazarene must be someone who comes from a place called Nazareth. And so the name Magada, the closed thing to Magdala to be found in the gospels, was turned into Magdala. A thousand years later, careful searching and consorting with tour-guides located several sites for the non-city on the shore of the Sea of Galilee.
Although I know what the word Nazarene was supposed to mean, and why the name Nazareth is silly, I must confess that I don't really know what the word Magdalene meant to the early evangelists. It could simply have meant precious, and have symbolized the precious ointments with which Mary was preparing to anoint the body of the messiah. Or it could derive from the Egyptian town of Migdol, the place where the Israelites are supposed to have encamped just before Moses parted the waters of the Red Sea.
Since the evangelists portray Jesus as a second Moses and structure much of their stories as a symbolic replay of the career of Moses, the probability that the title Magdalene was intended to refer to the Exodus story is rather good, but not at all certain. We must accept the fact that the fevered minds that made up the Bible may have thought thoughts that we could never experience -- even with the aid of magic mushrooms or LSD.
The Jesus of Not
And so, we come to the end of our exploration of the Oz-like land of the gospels and our tour of the places where Jesus never walked -- sad that we have not had time to show the mythical nature of other biblical biggies such as Gethsemane and Golgotha or Calvary as well. Like the Wizard of Oz, Jesus of Nazareth has no real home. But whereas the Wizard can be shown to have not existed in only a single non-place -- Emerald City -- Jesus can be shown to have not existed in a goodly number of non-places. While one might be able to ignore as insignificant for historical Jesus studies the demonstration that a single gospel locality is fictive, the demonstration that as many as a dozen localities are mythical cannot be ignored and has enormously important implications. From now on, the supposedly historical Jesus must be thought of as Jesus of Not-Nazareth, Jesus of Not-Capernaum, Jesus of Not-Gethsemane, and not least, Jesus of Not-Calvary. The historical Jesus will have to be rechristened -- I guess the pun was intended. Henceforth, he should be referred to as "The Jesus of Not." The possibilities remaining that Jesus might have walked in Sri Lanka or Tibet we shall not pursue.
1 Allan Menzies, Origen's Commentary on John, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325, Original Supplement to the American Edition, Vo. X, reprinted in 1980 by W.B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, pp. 381-382.
2 When referring to Jesus, Mark always -- except in a few cases where there are strong grammatical reasons to prevent it -- uses the definite article with the name, referring to the Jesus, not just Jesus. In verse nine of chapter one, however, the name is "inarticulate," unlike the more than 80 cases in Mark where it carries the article.
3 It should be mentioned that where the English Bible gives the name "Jesus of Nazareth," no such thing is to be found in the Greek text. The Greek would better be rendered "Jesus the Nazaree" or "Jesus the Nazarene." Only later was it falsely concluded that the Greek word involved was derived from the name of a place.
4 J.-P Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus, etc., Series Graeca Prior, Patrologiae Graecae Tomus XLI, S. Epiphanius Constantiensis in Cypro Episcopus, Adversus Haereses, Paris, 1863, columns 389-390.
5 Baruch Sapir and Dov Neeman, Capernaum (Kfar-Nachum) : History and Legacy, Art and Architecture, The Interfaith Survey Of The Holy Land (Israel), The Historical Sites Library, Vol N1/9, Tel Aviv, 1967, pp. 36-7, 41, 42. Italics in original.
6 Virgilio Corbo, "Resti della Sinagoga del Primo Secolo a Cafarnao," Studia Hierosolymitana III (SBF Collectio Maior, 30), Jerusalem, 1982, pp. 313-357.
7 Virgilio Corbo, The House of St. Peter at Capharnaum, Publications of the Studium biblicum Franciscanum, collectio Minor, No. 5, Jerusalem, 1969.
8 Avi-Yonah, Michael, Gazetteer of Roman Palestine, QEDEM Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 5, 1976.
9 Menzies, op. cit., pp. 370-371.
10 D. Paul Glaue, "Der alteste Text der geschichtlichen Bucher des Neuen Testaments," Zeitschrift fur die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kude der alteren Kirche, Vol 45, 1954, pp. 90-108
11 Jerusalem may have been called Salem (or Shalem) in Jebusite times, before Israelite occupation.
12 D. Paul Glaue, op. cit., p. 103.
Frank R. Zindler is a science writer. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the New York Academy of Science, the Society of Biblical Literature, and the American Schools of Oriental Research. He is the Editor of American Atheist.
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2409. Updates to s3virge driver to get it working under Linux/Alpha (#2586, Matt Grossman). 2408. Fix getline() clash (#2585, Alan Hourihane). 2407. Have the s3virge driver use the new XAA rop helper functions (#2584, Mark Vojkovich). 2406. Add code to SuperProbe to detect the S3 Trio3D and Savage3D (2583, Eric Molitor). 2405. Add some XAA helper functions that drivers can call for help converting X rops into MS rops (#2582, Mark Vojkovich). 2404. Resync the overlay support in the glint driver (#2580, 2581, Mark Vojkovich). 2403. Add support for changing the overlay color key to the MGA driver (#2579, Mark Vojkovich). 2402. Preallocate the color key in the default colormap and set it to something already in the default man (black) so that AllocColor will never allocate it (#2578, Mark Vojkovich). 2401. Use the color key field in the ScrnInfoRec for the overlay layers (#2578, Mark Vojkovich). 2400. Preliminary loader support for Linux/PPC ELF objects (#2577 (2570), Stuart Anderson). 2399. Fix some XAA offscreen pixmap problmes (#2576, Mark Vojkovich). 2398. DGA fixes. Old apps should now run with the new driver interface, and event handling should work better than before (#2575, Mark Vojkovich). 2397. Fix most remaining signed/unsigned and prototype warnings in the following directories: lib/Xaw, lib/Xmu, programs/xclipboard, programs/xconsole, programs/xmag, and programs/xvidtune (#2574, Thomas Dickey). 2396. Restore the interface of XmuConvertStandardSelection() to use XPointer rather than XtPointer (#2574, Thomas Dickey). 2395. Fix an malloc size bug in libICE (#2572, Christopher Sekiya). 2394. Make MIT-SHM resource types non-static so that other extensions (like Xv) can access client shared memory segments (#2571, Mark Vojkovich). 2393. First cut at altering the C&T user docs for 4.0 (#2569, David Bateman). 2392. Fix a C&T problem affecting the colourmap setup for 1bpp modes, and some other minor C&T driver fixes (#2569, David Bateman). 2391. Fix an buffer overflow in os/connection.c (#2568, Gerd Knorr). 2390. Add support for Modes sections and the UseModes keyword for Monitor sections to the parser (the data isn't used yet) (#2564, Dirk Hohndel). 2389. Fix xfree86.cf for Alpha (#2567, Dirk Hohndel). 2388. Fix XAAFillPolygonStippled to obey the flag NO_TRANSPARENCY in Mono8x8PatternFill (#2566, Xavier Ducoin). 2387. Only allow the shadowfb layer in the C&T driver when linear addressing is enabled (#2565 (2561), David Bateman). 2386. Fix some problems with the xf8_16bpp layer, and allow it to work with depth 15 as well as 16 (#2565 (2561, 2562), David Bateman). 2385. Implement TrueColor with PseudoColor Overlays (8+16) for the C&T driver for HiQV chipsets (#2565 (2561), David Bateman). 2384. Add a -quiet option to xgamma (#2565 (2561), David Bateman). 2383. Add TrueColor Gamma Correction for C&T HiQV chipsets (#2565 (2561), David Bateman). 2382. Fix Permedia 2 HW cursor lockup (#2563, Alan Hourihane). 2381. Initial XAA support for SiS530 and SiS620 (#2560, Xavier Ducoin). 2380. Add SuperProbe for SiS (#2559, Xavier Ducoin). 2379. Fix the InstalMultipleMan and InstallMultipleManSuffix rules for NetBSD and OpenBSD (#2558 (2557), Matthieu Herrb). 2378. Add Cards entry for Number Nine FX Reality 772 (#2556, Harald Koenig). 2377. Make XF86Setup build again (not fully functional yet) (#2555, Joe Moss). 2376. Update the apm (Alliance Promotion) to the 4.0 interface (#2554, Loic Grenie, Henrik Harmsen).
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Medias medias medias. Screenshots, videos whatever...
in full hd !
We just got an explanation for why there is no media dude, now we just have to wait a little longer.
Live Fast, Die Young.
Check out my YouTube!
"rFactor - Simulation for the Soul!"
It would be nice to know if the safety car will be greatly improved in rF2?
I'm curious how many times the same question may be asked
possible beta testing client/server?
Sorry don't have time to answer any posted questions. The other day I posted a few wallpapers on the Web site and today I added to them. They are all rendered (no in-game) car shots.
There is going to be some initial release info coming. Will shed some lights on stuff and I know it'll turn some to but there will be questions afterwards I'm sure. Working on that, but need to clear my inbox too for my other duties. Stay tuned.
Take a look at the desktop wallpapers anyway, worth a look. Some models you have not seen before:
Thanks for the update Tim! Much appreciated
Daaamn, can't wait for those news, can't wait for all rF2 stuff in general :P Keep the news coming!
Nice wallpapers. Thx for that!
"rFactor - Simulation for the Soul!"
very nice
I'd say it's a dual-control training car. So one player can be in control, but if they're heading for a crash the 'trainer' can take over.
Yes, I'm kidding
OMG sexy screens!
Live Fast, Die Young.
Check out my YouTube!
Nice to see a range of car classes and cars from different eras ......
The detail is really nice ISI .... Wow!!!
99% of my views cockpit views so these details on the inside of the cars will hopefully remain .... it'll be really appreciated.
Last edited by theother5; 06-14-11 at 05:56 AM.


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And when children have trouble coping with day-to-day situations, Owens adds, this can affect a child's relationship with teachers, as well as their success in school, social skills and the ability to get along with peers.
Tips for parents
So how do you know if your child is getting enough sleep? Children in elementary school generally need between 10 to 11 hours each evening, but no two children are alike. Parents should look for clues, experts say.
"Kids in this age range should not be sleepy during the day," Owens says. "If the are falling asleep in the car or watching TV, that's a red flag."
Another way to gauge your child's sleep need is to pay attention to how much they sleep during school vacations, when they're sleeping without a time schedule. If they consistently sleep longer than on school nights, your child probably isn't getting enough sleep.
Take action
Parents can take steps to get their children off to bed at a reasonable hour.
-- About a half hour before bedtime, have your kids start winding down - put down the electronic devices, turn off the TV and shut down the computer
-- Have a consistent bedtime and wake time and try to make this apply to the weekends as well
-- Be good role models for your children. Go to bed at a reasonable time and talk to them about the importance of sleep


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Rocking Chairs!
"The most comfortable wooden chair I ever sat in!"
Colin Eden-Eadon, Editor of "Furniture & Cabinet Making", Britain's premier furniture making magazine. This is what Colin had to say after sitting in the chair I exhibited in England for "Chairs 2004"
Home |
Rocking Chairs |
Other Works |
Hal at Work |
Rocking Chair University |
StoryTime Rocking Chair |
Price/Sizing |
Sam Maloof
Curly maple rocking chair showing front leg/seat joint.
To See Rocking Chairs For Sale,
click here.
Contact Hal


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Is Now the Time to Talk Gun Control?
Does the massacre at Newtown, CT, signal the need for a political debate on gun regulations?
Before officials had even held their first press conference Friday, Facebook was abuzz with status updates about the Newtown, CT, massacre. The statuses were split between those sending their condolences and those asking if the country would finally deal with the issue of gun control. Some fought back, asking for respect and mourning before political debate began. Others remained fierce in their belief that stricter gun control regulations would have prevented such a mass killing, saying the victims were shot multiple times and with semi-automatic weapons, according to Fox News. The guns were not illegal and were, in fact, owned by the shooter's mother. Among them were a semi-automatic .223 caliber bushmaster rifle and two handguns. Those …
8:21 am on Thursday, January 3, 2013
Yup. You're in good company Gretch! No I have watched your posts go from borderline mean to outright hateful of anyone with a different view than your own. You are so far on the fringe that common sense is all but lost on you. I enjoyed reading your posts until you started calling people nuts and other things Then I responded in the same way. I guess you brought me down to your level. anyway, I …   more ›


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magic line doesn't stop when click on the link , coz the page refresh after clicking
i want to make this magic line stop after clicking on the link, but it doesn't , the page refresh when i click the link , if i put (href="#") , it works , but it dont work on the real link , here is my code
$(document).ready(function() {
var $el, leftPos,newWidth,$mainNav = $("#example-one");
$mainNav.append("

");
var $magicLine = $("#magic-line");
.css("left", $(".current_page_item a").position().left)
.data("origLeft", $magicLine.position().left)
.data("origWidth", $magicLine.width());
$("#example-one li a").hover(function(){
$el = $(this);
leftPos = $el.position().left;
newWidth = $el.parent().width();
left: leftPos,
width: newWidth
});}, function() {
left: $magicLine.data("origLeft"),
width: $magicLine.data("origWidth")
$("#example-one li a").click(function() {
.css("left", $(".current_page_item a")
.data("origLeft", $magicLine.position().left)
.data("origWidth", $magicLine.width());
Can anyone help me please ...hmm, did you try adding javascript: return false; to the links in the menu? This might be the fix you need...I'm going to try it too since i am struggling with the same thing.
All you need to do is this: $(selector).click(function(event){ // your code event.preventDefault(); });
This will prevent anchor tag from performing it's default task.
dear neerukool i have been trying to implement this code of yours in my MagicLine code.
im testing it @ Codepen.io on the following link "MAGICLINE LINK TEST"
i cant get it to work, i was thinking maybe you could check my pen?
(i have posted a clean link without your code implemented)
looking forward to your response :)
Hi @tareq,
since the pure effect of page jump wont be seen in codepen, test if the following code modification helps: change code of this line ----> $("#menu li a").click(function(event){
after .data("origWidth", $magicLine.width()); put the following line: ----> event.preventDefault();
try implementing in an actual environment and send test link if possible. we wont be able to check it properly in codepen.
i implemented it in a real environment on the following website:
the site uses joomla cms, eventhough i work in dreamweaver alone. if it makes any difference
i've added/changed the code in the sections as written, but now the menues don't link only the button stays at the category clicked on... hmm
hey @neerukool
im still in big trouble with this issue. do you maybe have short time in the near future?
big hug Phil.
Hey @philipsacht,
sorry i was offline for couple of weeks..
Can you remove the event code from the web-page (remove word 'event' from line 174 & remove line 182 - event.preventDefault() - altogether.)
will quickly try to action this asap. also let me know if the issue is in a specific browser or all browsers.
absolutely NO problem. im just so glad you are responding now. i will try and make the changes right now!
its all browsers
i've made the changes and now we're back to standard without the magicline script staying on active menu and therfore not indicating which navigation-point you are in.... hmm. im sure its an obvious "mistake" or easy fix when we find the problem.
what else can i do atm?


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SIGN the Sandy Hook Global Sympathy Card
Please take a moment to express your sympathy, condolences, and support for the families of the victims of the Sandy Hook elementary school shooting, for the survivors and their families, and for the community of Newtown, Connecticut.
Remove the "I Hate Dogs" page from Facebook
If you believe that Facebook needs to remove their "I Hate Dogs" page and needs to better enforce their animal hate pages, then please join our cause. Please sign if you believe that this page will harm animals and particularly dogs. Please sign this pledge if you believe that animal cruelty


text:
Recent comments and questions about our sermons
Christian Popo-Ola
Judge Not! (Matthew 7:1-5) from the Total Forgiveness sermon series
Friday @ 8:10 PM
Accidental Cross (Luke 23:26) from the Faces Around the Cross sermon series
Tuesday @ 9:19 AM
Three Hard Words That Could Change Your Life (Luke 15:21) from the Three Hard Words That Could Change Your Life sermon series
Wednesday @ 7:00 PM
How God Uses Bad People to Do His Will: Another Look at God's Providence (Acts 1:15-26) from the The Adventure Begins (Acts 1) sermon series
Saturday @ 12:20 AM
pastor K
Tetelestai! (John 19:30) from the Seven Last Words of Jesus sermon series
Thursday @ 7:25 PM
pastor george
The Torn Curtain (Matthew 27:51) from the The Deeper Meaning of the Cross sermon series
Wednesday @ 11:47 PM
Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? Why Christ May Come at Any Moment (Matthew 24:36-51) from the The Last Days According to Jesus sermon series
Wednesday @ 12:05 PM
How Can I Be Filled With the Holy Spirit? (Ephesians 5:18) from the Experiencing God Today: Six Sermons on the Holy Spirit sermon series
Wednesday @ 11:32 AM
Recent sermons by Dr. Ray Pritchard
Compassion: More Than a Bleeding Heart
June 11, 2013
The real question is not, "Who is my neighbor?" but rather "Whose neighbor will I be to those I meet today?"
Sermon 1 of 1 from the Compassion series
No Condemnation
May 09, 2013
For those who are in Christ Jesus, now, today, not tomorrow, not next week, not next year, but NOW, there is no condemnation.
Sermon 1 of 1 from the No Condemnation series
Accidental Cross
March 28, 2013
"I found my cross. Have you found yours?"
Sermon 7 of 7 from the Faces Around the Cross series
Star-Quality Christians
March 11, 2013
The world has its stars and God has his.
Sermon 15 of 15 from the Joyful Living (Philippians) series
Three Hard Words That Could Change Your Life
February 09, 2013
You don't have to eat with the pigs forever. Your life can be changed if you are ready to get serious with the Lord.
Sermon 1 of 1 from the Three Hard Words That Could Change Your Life series
The Undivided Heart
January 24, 2013
Until you admit you need God's help, you will be stuck exactly where you are.
Sermon 1 of 1 from the The Undivided Heart series
Suffer the Little Children
January 16, 2013
Jesus is on the side of those who love little children.
Sermon 1 of 1 from the Suffer the Little Children series
The Boys of Bethlehem
December 18, 2012
Through your tears, lift up your eyes and look again to Bethlehem. That sleeping child will rise to battle and no one will stand against him.
Sermon 27 of 27 from the Christmas Messages series
What Does It Mean to Believe the Bible? Part 2
October 22, 2012
Sermon 2 of 2 from the What Does It Mean to Believe the Bible? series
What Does It Mean to Believe the Bible? Part 1
October 05, 2012
Will we believe the Bible, all of it, every word of it, from first to last, and everything in between?
Sermon 1 of 2 from the What Does It Mean to Believe the Bible? series
He's In Charge . . . So Relax!
September 06, 2012
When you focus on God, he takes responsibility for the details of your life.
Sermon 9 of 9 from the Keep Believing series
An Utterly Predictable Life
August 18, 2012
Be of good cheer! Do not fear your enemies and do not fear what they can do to you. Remember the story of Daniel and pray for the same kind of utterly predictable faith.
Sermon 1 of 1 from the An Utterly Predictable Life series
We Cannot Fail
July 18, 2012
You'll never know if Jesus is with you until you decide to go somewhere in his name.
Sermon 1 of 1 from the We Cannot Fail series
Fear Not!
July 03, 2012
No one knows what a day may bring. Who knows if we will all make it through this week? But our God is faithful to keep every one of his promises.
Sermon 8 of 9 from the Keep Believing series
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If you wish to support Keep Believing Ministries, your prayers and donations are appreciated, and further enable this worldwide ministry to distribute all materials free of charge.


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Tube Top, Great Colors


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AutoMD Shifting the Power to You
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Want to make full use of your vehicle's warranty? Then you should know the location of the nearest GMC service center in Pasadena, Texas. Luckily, AutoMD has all the info you need about the different auto shops in your state. We can help you locate GMC auto repair shops in no time. All you have to do is provide us with your vehicle's make and your location, and we'll generate a list of auto mechanic centers within your city.
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Diabetes HealthSense
Resources for living well
This program brings face-to-face, small-group sessions to life through conversation maps. With the help of a trained facilitator, participants focus on the health information most relevant to them and relate it to their own experiences. At the end of each session, participants create a workable plan for using what they learn to drive meaningful behavior change in their lives. Training for facilitators is available.
Healthy Interactions
This online multimedia tutorial provides an overview of proper foot care for patients with diabetes.
This website brings you the information you need to control your diabetes and improve your health.
Diabetes Self-Management
This resource guide provides health care professionals with six ready-to-use, interchangeable lessons to help patients get on track for heart-healthy eating.
Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills
This guide contains easy-to-understand charts and worksheets to help you track your diabetes health and work with your doctor to develop a plan to maintain a healthy heart. It is available in English and Spanish. En español
American College of Physicians (ACP)
This publication will help you find out what your cholesterol numbers mean and what treatment your doctor may prescribe to help lower your cholesterol level. It includes a tool to estimate the risk for having a heart attack and outlines ways to reduce your risk.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
This website is filled with information about living with diabetes and developing habits for healthy eating and physical activity through small, sensible steps. En español
This tip sheet provides helpful ways to lower the risk of high blood pressure through physical activity.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insitute (NHLBI)
This booklet provides concise information for African Americans on heart disease and its risk factors. It explains how to reduce risk factors for heart disease, prevent and control high blood pressure, lower blood cholesterol, prevent and control diabetes, manage weight, and stop smoking.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
These newsletters provide information on managing diabetes and preventing diabetes-related health problems.
Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center


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Updated 12/20/2012 08:55 AM
By: Dan Eaton
It's been a few segments now, have you noticed a difference in my kitchen?
I recently found myself needing to rectify a problem with my stove…..gas leaks, even very small ones, aren't something to be taken lightly. So, after trying to buy a replacement part ($150.00 3-5 business days delivery) I bit the bullet and bought a new stove instead.
Over the years I've had a number of people suggest I needed a kitchen upgrade. Like most serious cooks, I would gladly cook in a grand home kitchen. That being said, I also feel that a lot of the appeal of Cooking at Home is that it's produced in a very modest, no frills kitchen…one that most people can easily relate to.
A new stove is not going to change the way I cook or be more of an inspiration to me......it's just a tool. My old stove was a real champ and did everything I asked of it.
Now let's see if the new one can get me through the next 2,500 segments.


text:
The Big Agnes Dual Core 2.5 Semi Self Inflating sleeping pad combines insulation, foam and a cushion of air to provide superior comfort and warmth.
Oversized to accommodate larger sleepers or those who like to sprawl out, the Exped SynMat 9 inflatable sleeping pad is designed specifically for four-season usage. An innovative, integrated hand pump makes inflation easy.
These pads combine the benefits of Air pads, Self-Inflating pads and/or closed-cell foam pads.
View more videos in our Video Library.


text:
Household items, baby girl clothes, baby stuff: swing, walker, toys, stroller/car seat combo, women's clothes, couch, bed...lots more More info Email a friend |
Everything must go. Knick Knacks, Household items, dishes, linens. Something for every room. More info Email a friend |
ATWATER HIGH SCHOOL Wrestlers/Cheerleaders Annual YARD SALE. Atwater High School front lawn. HUGE SALE! Too many items to list! Come check it out! Support our student athletes! More info Email a friend |
Women's (M-XL) Men's (XL-XXL) Clothes, Toddler Girl Clothes/Shoes, Loft Bunk Bed, Twin boxspring, Toys, Fan, Light, gamer chair, and MORE. More info Email a friend |
WINTON: Two Family Sale, 8825 Almond Ave. All Weekend Sat-Sun 8am-? Collectables, household items, and lots misc. More info Email a friend |
GARAGE SALE, 6765 Minnie Way, Winton, Fri/Sat/Sun 8am-5pm. Furniture, household items, clothes, kitchen items, and various items. More info Email a friend |


text:
LANCE Organic Chukka Boot
Mid Chukka style lace up boot. Organic cotton upper and recycled tyre sole unit, handmade in Bali.... 100% Organic Cotton upper / Recycled tyre rubber sole Cotton is the most pesticide dependent crop in the world. Every T-shirt uses a quarter-pounders ... Read more
Product Code: B3-RB-15DS / Grey


text:
Trail To Rome
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Visas? Money? Where to go? Chat to us about travel.
Start live chat No, I'm good thanks


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1,679pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Redirected from Malzahar the Prophet of the Void
Champion | Ability Details | Background | Strategy | Skins & Trivia |
Malzahar the Prophet of the Void | Cost: 4800 or 880 | ||
Malzahar, the Prophet of the Void is a champion in League of Legends.[1]
Abilities Edit
- Summon Voidling does not list in the tooltip that it scales with Malzahar's bonus attack damage, nor do the voidling's stats reflect the additional damage.
- Voidlings do proc the The Black Cleaver passive on every hit they strike.
- Voidlings do benefit from minion buffs of aura items, such as Runic Bulwark, Banner of Command and Captain Boots Enchantment.
- Voidlings can be buffed by several abilities, such as Nunu's Blood Boil and Sivir's On The Hunt.
References Edit
List of Champions


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That said, they really could have come up with a better name.
Because my kids came home today with lunchbox stickers for the program that say "FUTP!"
A Blog detailing the insanity of my medical practice and the stupidity of everyday life.
Look on the bright side, it could have been "Football Ultimately Cancels Kickball".
"Footballers Usually Can Keyboard"?
"Feels Ugly Causes Ketones"
I dunno.
What is with the firearms and body armor ads on your site now?
No idea. I have no control over what goes up.
Yes, Grumpy. Thought you were going postal after a few of those customers. ;->
Nobody said those NFL folks were acronym geniuses!
I'd rather see the body armor and firearms ads! I see an ad for slippers and one for male breast reduction lol. :)
Hahaha, I don't see firearms or body armor ads, I see crap for cribs and baby stuff because that's what I've been looking at online. Maybe the other anonymous uses a shared computer.
Wait. There are ads on this site? Never see them. Adblock is your freind.
I was on linked in before coming here so I am getting stuff on "are your goals aligned with strategy" and High speed internet. Very dull.
Poor Grumpy. Schools get so enthuastic and much of the time, administrators have their snark senses turned off. The teachers, on hte other hand ...
SNAFU on the kid thing.
The way the ads work is they pop up in response to your google history. For instance I have been googling 1 person backpacker tents so the ads that appear are for Campmor. Those googling Bushmasters are getting the gun ads. The babes in T Shirts and the Viagra ads (which I am not seeing) are for those who....
Google is sophisticated
That's funny. I just asked an IT guy here at the hospital if my computer was FUBAR. Apparently it is because he couldn't fix it but it did make him laugh. Making an IT guy laugh isn't easy, you know.
FU Toilet Paper? WTF?
'Eff you, teepee!' ?
'Fhuth uppppp!!' (lithp) ?
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Announced | 2012-11-06 |
Indicative price (USD) | 850 |
Aperture | f/2 |
Focal range (mm) | 35 |
Filter diameter (mm) | 67 |
Max diameter (mm) | 77.9 |
Mount type | Canon EF |
Stabilization | IS |
AF Motor | USM |
Zoom type | |
Rotating front element | No |
Tripod mount | No |
Color | Black |
Full-Time manual focus | Yes |
Number of lenses | 10 |
Number of groups | 8 |
Diaphragm blades | 8 |
Circular aperture | Yes |
Length (mm) | 62.6 |
Weight (gr) | 335 |
To provide photographers with a broader perspective about mobiles, lenses and cameras, here are links to articles, reviews, and analyses of photographic equipment produced by DxOMark, renown websites, magazines or blogs.
After comparing the imaging chain of the full-frame Canon EOS 5D Mk III across a raft of lenses, we've now turned our attention to the APS-C format EOS 700D / REBEL T5i / Kiss X7i. The 18.1-Mpix 'Hybrid CMOS' sensor in this camera is similar to those of the same size and pixel count used in the firm's other models, including the semi-pro EOS 7D, so it may still be of interest even if you don't own a EOS 700D / REBEL T5i / Kiss X7i. |
The second in our series of selecting the best-quality lenses for your camera concentrates on one of the most highly-anticipated cameras of our time, the successor to the hugely popular EOS 5D Mark II. But by the time it was announced, in early March, it's probably fair to say Nikon had taken fair amount of interest away by announcing the 36M-Pix D800 and D800E models the month before. Be that as it may, there's no denying the 22.3 M-Pix EOS 5D Mark III is a remarkably capable camera, and a formidable rival to the Nikon. |
After years of unadventurous, unexciting "slow" speed zooms "fast", high-quality primes are experiencing a comeback thanks to the popularity of full-frame DSLRs and the merging of video capture. The moderately wide 35mm focal length has seen numerous new versions from most lens makers over the last two years or so, including this ultra-high speed offering from Sigma. Read on to see how well this lens fares on the highest resolution DSLR currently available. |
This is the first in a series of reviews rounding up the Lens Metrics Scores on 35mm primes for Canon, Nikon and Sony. We start by looking at options for Canon EF, and with several own brand and 3rd-party options on the market, there are plenty of choices available. Ranging in price from $320 to $1843, however, it's tough to decide which one is best for you. So let's take a closer look at image quality, features and value for money to help you decide. |
The high-end Sony RX1 was one of the most eagerly awaited cameras in our labs and while we assessed the camera's full-frame sensor early in January, we've decided to publish the results of the Zeiss-branded Sonnar 2/35 T* lens. Readers will already be aware that it's fixed, and can't be purchased separately, but we can test it just as we would any other, albeit on one camera body only. Is this "fast", moderately wide-angle lens an outstanding performer worthy of the Carl Zeiss name? Read on to find out. |
Canon were busy in 2012 releasing three wide-angle primes, the EF 24mm f/2.8 IS USM, EF 28mm f/2.8 IS USM and EF 35mm f/2 IS USM, on to the market. The latest launched in November 2012 was the Canon EF 35mm f/2 IS USM as an updated version of the original that dates back to 1990. Featuring Image Stabilization, Canon's USM Ultrasonic autofocus motor, a 'fast' f/2 maximum aperture and wide-angle focal length, it looks a great option for Canon shooters into landscape or architectural photography. |
Added by livefromphilly |
February 09
I really hope Nikon makes something like this.
VR/IS is nice, but it seems like at the wide angle it's not as effective on Nikon's system because all the lenses that go wide with VR are slow (f/3.5 or f/4). I'd be very happy if they replaced the 35mm f/2D with something like this.
Reply | Read all replies for this comment |
Added by ageha |
February 10
Re: I really hope Nikon makes something like this.Quote:
This a comment for this page on the website
VR/IS is nice, but it seems like at the wide angle it's not as effective on Nikon's system because all the lenses that go wide with VR are slow (f/3.5 or f/4). I'd be very happy if they replaced the 35mm f/2D with something like this. Effectiveness isn't the reason most probably. ;) Reply |


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Kia Red Rock Special Edition Soul joins lineup
The Kia Red Rock Special Edition Soul uses a 1.6-liter, direct-injection four-cylinder engine that makes 138 hp.
The Kia Red Rock Special Edition Soul uses a 1.6-liter, direct-injection four-cylinder engine that makes 138 hp.
Kia has added another Soul special edition to its lineup, inspired by the rock formations in the southwest United States. It gets a unique exterior color called canyon, while the interior gets its own styling as well.
The Red Rock Special Edition was introduced at the 2011 New York auto show, and then toured the United States to gauge customer demand. The production model, which is available now, sets itself apart with the paint job and high-gloss black front fascia and mirror housings.
On the inside, the Red Rock Soul gets black leather trim and brown cloth seats. Automatic temperature control is standard, as are heated seats.
The Red Rock Soul uses the same 1.6-liter, direct-injection four-cylinder engine making 138 hp while returning 35 mpg on the highway. Later this year, Kia will begin selling Souls with a stop/start system to save more fuel.
The Kia Red Rock Special Edition Soul starts at $21,350 including a $750 destination charge.
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