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Articles, Reviews, Photo Galleries results for: bars
Charlie Sheen apologizes for gay slur
Star drops the F-bomb while partying at a bar in Mexico.
Gerard Butler talks sobriety at Hollywood parties
Open bars are everywhere, but Butler says he's not tempted.
Country star Jason Aldean apologizes to fans
The married star was caught canoodling in a bar in L.A. with an 'American Idol' contestant.
James Bond exhibit showcases spy's style
There's even a Martini bar. Shaken or stirred?
Bristol Palin sued by Saddle Ranch heckler
Stephen Hanks is claiming defamation, stemming from that verbal bar fight in September.
David Arquette: 'Finally I'm a man'
The 40-year-old actor had a bar mitzvah ceremony today in Jerusalem.
'Maxim' raises the Bar with Hot 100 list
Israeli model and Leonardo DiCaprio ex Bar Refaeli tops Maxim magazine's Hot 100 list for 2012.
Katy Perry goes ultraviolet; Mariah Carey hits gay bar
Perry honored at the NARM Music Biz 2012 Awards; Carey parties till 2 a.m. at Hollywood gay bar.
America's top bar trends
What's shaking around barland, from tiki and pickle backs to cocktail clubs
How to watch the World Cup 2010
Five ways to watch, from sports bars to 3D tech
Electric Six go in for the 'Kill'
Talking meat, stocks and 'Gay Bar' with Detroit's disco-rock mad men
The Bad Plus, 'For All I Care'
Avant-jazzists raise the bar by doing what they do best
Samantha Crain crashes in
This unassuming singer-songwriter destroyed one local bar, and she'd do it again
TV on DVD
A horny rock star, a sci-fi surfer and a bar hopper get released
Monkey Seacrest, monkey do
Ryan Seacrest on Bar Mitzvah gigs and hosting the Emmys


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This Over-the-Road (OTR) truck driver position features up to $0.42 per mile* and you will travel the 48 states, mostly east of the Rocky Mountains. Plus, you'll haul 95% no-touch freight and average 2,400 miles per week. Schneider gives you the support you need from a team who is invested in your success!Eligible Applicants Include
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the living art of storytelling in Massachusetts
July 6, 2011 at 10am to August 12, 2011 at 1pm – All Over the Streets and Parks of Boston Beginning the week of the 4th of July there will be 12 storytellers all over the streets of Boston scheduled for three times a day to tell fantastic stories. The ReadBoston Program and generous donor… Organized by andrea lovett | Type: readboston
July 6, 2011 at 10:30pm to August 15, 2011 at 6pm – main and branhes of Boston Public Libraries Click here for full brochure: One World, Many Stories Norah Dooley Norah Dooley tells live folk tales from around the world. Her stories make audiences sing, laugh, and think. Noodleheads, legends,… Organized by Norah Dooley | Type: storytelling, folk, tales
July 8, 2011 at 10am to August 12, 2011 at 1:15pm – 3 locations in Boston Norah Dooley performing for young children ReadBoston Norah Dooley will be telling folk tales for young children all summer with ReadBoston Storymobile. She is one of a dozen tellers telling stories… Organized by Norah Dooley | Type: storytelling, concerts
July 21, 2011 at 12pm to July 25, 2011 at 7pm – Holyoke MA Storytelling WorkshopEshu Bumpus, master storyteller, massmouth member, is hosting the first of many Storytelling Workshops at his home in Holyoke. July 21st - 25th. His target group is Teachers and… Organized by Eshu Bumpus | Type: storytelling, workshop
massmouth promotes storytelling
Click on the link above or here to access a simple request form. Also, you may go to our member page and use "advanced search" to search members profiles by key words: genre, age range etc.
massmouth thanks our kind supporters-see list below
Michele Carlo, storyteller and writer of "Fish out of Agua" donating a 3 hour session as a BigMouthOff Prize
Johnny D's
Fairchild Electric
Ryles Jazz Club
Harvard Book Store
Story Book Cove
Massachusetts Artist Leadership Coalition
Porter Square Books
Started by Norah Dooley in Sample Title. Last reply by Brendyn Schneider Dec 23, 2012.
Started by friend massmouth in Sample Title. Last reply by friend massmouth Oct 26, 2012.
Started by Norah Dooley in Sample Title Jul 9, 2012.
StoriesLive® 2013:
Annemarie DeMarco-Alfama - 1st place
Kenny Le & Moises Caraballo - Runner-ups
Latisha Joujute - 1st place
Stephen Carlin & Henry Chavez - Runner-Ups
Kristen Ruffin - Audience Choice
Nico Luisi - 1st Place
Moises Ramirez & Vance Crayton - Runner-ups
Theodore Biv - Audience Choice
StoriesLive® 2012:
First place, and $1,000 prize
Junior Fernando Ortiz from Revere High School
Senior Amario Malcolm from Boston Latin Academy
Runners-up ($500 each)11th
Alan Estes from Newburyport,
AngelinaFerullo from Everett and
Runners-up ($500 each)12th Caylen Bryant (Andover)
Shavar Lazarus (Boston Latin Academy).
Audience Choice awards:
11th Justin Alexander
(South Community High)
12th Varvarra Valentin
(Lynn Classical High School)
massmouth choice awards:
Jennifer MonJoie(Revere)
Bahiya Nasuuna (Chelsea)
Karen Hua (Andover)
Jason Hittinger (Revere)
Last Year 2011: StoriesLive® first ever high school story slam. 1st place awarded a $2,000 scholarship Brianda Agramonte, Lynn Classical High School, senior
2 runners up received $1,000 scholarship each: junior Conor Miller Newburyport High School and Mathews DeSouza, Everett High School, Our "massmouth choice" was Sandy Fonseca, Boston Latin Academy, senior [below] She was awarded $500
Lexi Hernando Lynn Classical High School, senior was chosen by the attendees and awarded the Audience Choice prize of $500.
Congratulations all!
© 2013 Created by andrea lovett. Powered by


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Problems accessing Yahoo! Mobile webpages
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3/4 Polydewspo Jacket
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Betty Boop Jacket
ITEM: 8876 This authentic theme jacket features Betty Boop's autograph on the front, and a classic Betty Boop pose, blowing her signature kisses, on the back. Adorable and affordable! Zip front, knit cuffs and waistband, two outside pockets. In water-resistant polyurethane with the look of leather. Polysatin lining with light poly fill. Imported. NOTE: JACKET IS OVERSIZED; ORDER ONE SIZE SMALLER THAN YOU NORMALLY WOULD. AVAILABLE SIZES:* MISSES' (S-XL) WOMEN'S (2-3X)Learn MoreRegular Price: $149.99
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Ladies Crop Peacoat
Cropped jacket, full-on style Fusing street-style design with classic sensibility, our fresh, favorite military-inspired wool jacket is loaded with attitude from its cool cropped length to its striking zipped inset with oversized knit collar. Great with slacks or skirts. Four sliver tone buttons, knit waist, epaulets. Poly quilted lining with light poly fill. Imported. Dry clean.Learn MoreColors: Black, Red, Brown.
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This country chic bed box is crafted with care and attention, featuring three generous-sized drawers with beautifully detailed exterior hardware, and a warm Country Pine finish. Give your child a good night's sleep and help keep their room tidy with this practical captain's bed.
(based on 6 reviews)
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Good Bed
By Tad
from Washington, DC
About Me Midrange Shopper
Comments about South Shore Prairie Kids Twin Storage Bed Frame Only in Country Pine Finish:
Comfortable,Big. The drawers keep all my clothes off the floor, as long as I put them in them. Dad assembled most of it easily in an hour. I helped with a drawer. The frame is a little wobbly until you put the flat pieces in it then it's really strong.
Great bed!
By Mom of busy boy
from Dallas, OR
About Me Budget Shopper
This seems to be a great fit for our son's first "big boy" bed. It seems durable and sturdy. The only complaint was that the instructions were a little difficult to follow. You will need a good 2-3 hours to assemble but goes together nicely.
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Great Product!!
By Heather M
from Pennsylvania
I am using this bed in my daughters room!! Its a perfect size for a toddler going from a crib or toddler bed right to a regular size bed! My daughter loves her new bed. Easy for her to get into with out a stool. Very Please! Excellent quality!
Solid frame, easy to assemble
By Chris
from Carriere, MS
We bought this for our teenage daughter. It took about 2 hours to assemble. It was very simple and the instructions were easy to follow.
By vi
from md
great just cant connect bookcase with bed and the drawers dont slide easy.but for the price not bad
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
grate for teens
By Bubba
from Stroudsburg, PA
I took my time assembling it and had my wife and my daughter helping working on different pieces I bought. Went together easy.Only a couple of hours for each piece. I bought 3 beds and 2 dressers, the kids love them.
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This iguana-embossed leather mini bag can be worn as a clutch or a cross-body. Gold studs accent the main flap, which closes with a turn-lock clasp. Detachable leather and chain strap. Lined interior has a zip pocket and 8 card slots.
Leather: Calfskin.
Weight: 15oz / 0.43kg
Height: 5in / 12.5cm
Length: 7.75in / 19.5cm
Depth: 2in / 5cm
Strap drop: 22in / 56cm
Leather: Calfskin.
Weight: 15oz / 0.43kg
Height: 5in / 12.5cm
Length: 7.75in / 19.5cm
Depth: 2in / 5cm
Strap drop: 22in / 56cm
Designed by Michelle Smith, Milly merges vintage fabrics with modern silhouettes for a look that's simultaneously pretty, cheeky, and sexy. Born of Michelle's long-standing love of fashion as well as her adventures stateside and abroad, Milly is for the young woman who values sexy style with personality. In only a short time, Milly has developed a loyal following among celebrity A-listers and fashion lovers alike, a success that can be attributed to the line's commitment to the whimsical side of fashion.
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Free Shipping Worldwide: No matter where you are sending your order, we offer free express shipping across the globe. USA Details. International Details.
Easy Returns: Because we understand that not every purchase is exactly right, we've made returns easy. And if you're in the USA, they're free. USA Details. International Details.


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Heavy Gear Assault Kickstarter Campaign is Live!
Stompy Bot Productions launched their Kickstarter campaign today. Dream Pod 9 is excited to see the world of Heavy Gear brought to life with incredible Unreal Engine 4 graphics. The team assembled for making this come true includes former key members of the Heavy Gear II team and Mektek Studios. The team is committed to bringing out the best game out in the genre, and they need your help! Join us in making this project a reality, and be a part of bringing Heavy Gear back into video games!
Submitted by Jason Dickerson on Mon, 05/20/2013 - 3:28pm
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I bought this helmet, to be honest, because I heard so many good things about it. It definitely did not let me down. Cool looking, keeps me warm (or cool with the retractabl… - Michael, 03/09/13 Denver
Great helmet, probably would have died once or twice had it not been for this… - sam, 01/26/12 United States
I've got a fairly large noggin, wear a 7 1/2" hat and the large fits fine. Snugs up nicely. the BOA system is a nice upgrade but its not perfect. Dual Zone vents are sweet and… - CRAIG, 11/15/12 Los Angeles
Ive know two people who broke the brim off the variant helmet in one season. They've fixed the problem with a single piece vantage helmet this year. Ive got a round head and… - darin, 10/08/12 Denver
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Jun 17, 2012 6:59 PM
Quickscopers and Stalker users!!!
Like (0)
I swear IW has to have the worst sense of humor, a perk that lets you run while you shoot....really and accurately I might add. No real way to counter because their strafing so fast you cant keep a bead on them but they are paying and spraying you all day long. You take out commando and replace it with this? Do you have your meetings on game design and think what perks can we come up with that will frustrate the hell out of people? If you had a counter to it, I could see having it in the game but its running free unchecked and overpowered. Quickscoping needs to go, period. Remove the ability to have quick draw with snipers and lets see how quickscopers still do it. Its annoying and seriously takes away the fun from this game. If you want to cater to them that's fine, give them there own lobby. That way people that want to deal with it can and the rest of us can play in peace. I will never buy another IW game because its apparent the have no clue how to make a balanced COD anymore. Treyarch FTW!!!!
Sounds like someone needs better accuracy and to get better gun skills.
Nah, you don't understand, man, it's everyone else that needs to change. Everyone that isn't the OP needs to change their play style to fit his.
Sorry bud, there's nothing wrong with quickscoping.
IW Multiplayer Consultant Meeting:
"We need a new feature to pep the game up a little bit."
"What if we turned off quick-scoping?"
"No, that would make the game more fun for those of lesser abilities."
"Hmm.. what about the 'Bro' perk?"
"'Bro' perk?"
"Yeah, you can press up on your D-pad to high-five."
"You're getting a promotion."
QUICKSCOPERS for the WIN! Love my MSR with that Quickdraw.
Im pretty sure the OP is joking
ummm stalker doesn't allow you to run it only allows you to walk faster while ADS. also other people have no problem killing me when I use it.
Well like I thought unoriginal insults and quick remarks. You all are so predictable and as unintelligent as IW needs you to be to continue to buy their products no matter how flawed they are. Is it any wonder the game is in the condition its in today, baaa baaa sheep and remember to cradle IW's balls you dick riders.
Oh so you must think because i commented on your post im getting black ops 2 over halo 4
Sorry dude but Stalker seriously? lol Take no offense please. It just seems like there are so many more perks to worry about. I understand it can be frustrating putting a few bullets into a sniper only for them to black scope you. But I literally thought you were joking about the sStalker thing and in turn thougth you were joking in general. It just seems there are so many more greater threats to worry about than Stalker. Theres DS, SR, Assassin, blast shiel which renders my RPG ineffective among other perks. Having a counter to Stalker would be like having a counter to Slight of Hand. Sure it would help but theres really not much you can do about it.
Also if your worried abouut Stalker in this game. Lightwieght in MW2 and Black Ops does about the same thing except it lets you also move faster without ADS. Lightwieght will prolly be in BlOps 2.
Stalker pro is a fine perk based on gun skill & it promotes an active play style, it needs to go nowhere and is a must for blops2. I do lol when I see people camping and using this perk, like wtf, scared to walk over explosives while going to your corner / headglitch spot?
I wouldn't let people with a negative sniper k/d and accuracy level under 40 % with a sniper rifle use a sniper rifle (they are tools who use the sniper rifles as a shotgun), these people are only annoying and ruin the chances of one team constantly (they could add a qs lobby for them though). Qdraw should be a speed perk all-round, but shouldn't grant any gun 2x ads speed, that ruins weapon balance cqb, mid and long range and makes ohk weapons with infinite range extremely annoying. Sniper rifle ads speed should be like it's in cod4. The 50 cal should have a fire cap, I mean you are now better off spamming & qsing it than using a model cqb.
Yeah, the 50 cal spamming gets ridiculous at times. I would rather use the 50 in close range over a model any day.
Yeah, the 50 cal spamming gets ridiculous at times. I would rather use the 50 in close range over a model any day.
Didn't read the rest of the comments (completely), but I must add that Stalker can totally be countered with a pair of headphones and proper thought. If you hear someone coming and don't prepare for it, then it's definitely NOT the perk at fault here.
As far a QSing, I really dont understand why a sniper wouldnt just pull out there akimbo FMG's. I mean there almost as good as an SMG or shotty in close quarters. Snipers could help out their team and themselves far more. Akimbos and a sniper, they really made life easy for snipers and yet I see people trying to QS and fail most the time.
Mostly QSing relies on luck if you ask me. Yeah people can get good at it and increase their chance of landing the shot but still alot of luck. When someone is Hardscoping and shoots me as I run across a doorway they see at the end of their sight line and they see me for only 1 second if that, thats when I think that sniper has skill. Or on Overwatch (SnD) at the beginning of the round and a sniper snipes me when I run acrosss that long sight line in the middle of the map (SnD players know what im talking about lol), thats when i think a sniper has skill. When they can kill consistently like that. When I see a QSer its just like yeah we know this is possible and we've seen it a million times, you got a lucky shot. How many times have you died trying to get that shot?


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Boy Scout Trey Connor of Glen St. Mary has a few more badges to earn before gaining the top rank in Troop 150, that of Eagle Scout, but he's well on his way after completing the required community service project.
Late last year he began the process of building what would become his "Fallen Heroes Memorial" plaque for the Baker County Sheriff's Office lobby.
The idea was sparked about a year ago at BCSO's annual ceremony to remember law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty. Read More »
Daily Archives: May 25, 2013
Legal Notices 5/23/13
If your household income is less than $50,000, North Florida Community Action Agency will prepare your taxes for free at their office at 84 W. Lowder St. Walk-ins on a first come first serve basis are on Saturdays from 9 am to 2 pm. Appointments are available on Tuesday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm. Call 904-259-4481 x25 for an appoitment.
Three lady wrestlers breaking the mold at BCHS
Go to a BCHS wrestling match and you'll find athleticism, intensity and hard working wrestlers. But among those usual sights you might also come across something surprising.
Three of them actually.
The high school fields a trio of female wrestlers as part of the team. Catherine Davis, Jenna Reeves and Sydney Williams take the mat and wrestle male and female competition.
Wrestling is one of the few sports that went coed on the high school level. The reason is quite simple; it is played out in specific weight classifications so it doesn't really matter whether the competitor is male or female.
Coach Adam Brunner, in his first year, enjoys coaching his lady wrestlers and has not altered his style at all because of their gender.


text: Excerpted from Junie B. Jones and the Stupid Smelly Bus by Barbara Park; illustrated by Denise Brunkus. . Excerpted by permission of Random House Books for Young Readers, a division of Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.


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It takes a certain kind of dedication, adaptability, and vision to run any business for nearly a century. For a family business, like Delande Electrical Supply Co., Inc., in Salem, it has to be in the blood. Since 1918, when the company was founded by Ovila Delande and his son, Arthur, a Delande has been at the helm. Now being led by its fifth generation, the firm is a study in flexibility and the ability to move with the market.
Eric Holtzclaw, CEO and founder of Laddering Works, a marketing and product strategy firm, has learned a critical lesson: having employees understand how money flows through your company can be the key to growing a business.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) includes a variety of measures that help lower premium cost growth and increase access to quality, affordable health insurance. Depending on the size of your business, here's how ACA might apply to you.
According to a recent survey by nonprofit American College, about a third of small business owners have no financial plan in place. Whether it's because these owners feel that the business will take care of them in the long run or simply don't have the time, the fact is that they have no solid plan for how they will fund the latter part of their lives. When you think about the reasons you started the reason your business in the first place—among them tom create wealth—the lack of planning takes on an even bigger dimension.


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What is it?The first of Porsche's facelifted Panamera models, the S E-Hybrid. The...
Custom cars find a home in basement of Los Angeles auto show site
Sure, most of the glitz and glam of the Los Angeles auto show is in the three main halls. There you can find everything from the Fiat 500 Abarth to the Bentley Mulsanne and the new Subaru BRZ. But if you're looking for some custom jobs, or some matte paint, or the Italians for that matter, head to Kentia Hall in the basement of the Los Angeles Convention Center.
Platinum Motorsports has a stand. It specializes in customization of some of the hottest cars on the market--think Bentley, Porsche and BMW M. The company must be channeling its inner SEMA because all of the cars have giant custom wheels, blacked-out windows and booming sound systems.
Galpin Auto Sport has the biggest presence with about 15 cars, all of them in the upper range of exclusivity. Galpin is a throwback of sorts, conjuring images of Royal Purple, Yenko and other tuning houses. No Italian is too exotic for its crew to customize.
Other than the main booths, RTW Motoring is in attendance with its blinged-out rides, Wheel Warehouse has hundreds of rims at 20 inches and larger, and Al & Ed's Autosound brought out all the big guns.
The photo gallery gives you a quick tour of the Kentia scene.
Get more car news, reviews and opinion every day: Sign up to have the Autoweek Daily Drive delivered right to your inbox.
Autoweek loves passionate comments and debate, but remember that you're part of a diverse community. Above all: be respectful. Critique statements, not people; talk about the automotive world, but skip the political rhetoric, hate speech, and obscenities. While we can't read every post, this site is moderated and Autoweek will remove comments as we see fit. Questions? Read our Terms of Use or email


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Your Winners Circle benefits are waiting to be used. ..So make the best of them at Frontier for as little as R485 per room per night for 2 at the 3-star Peermont Metcourt hotel! It's the perfect time to enjoy a break close to Clarens with leisurely shopping, gourmet dining, great gaming and nearby sightseeing!
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This condo building is actually called Kihei Beach Resort. This building is right on the beach, with a green grass turf area separating the building from the beach. Every condo unit overlooks the ocean. Lawn chairs are set out each morning, and the lawn is well cared for. The canoe club also heads out in the water with about ten... More
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CHURCH · Free community-wide Thanksgiving Day lunch will be served from 11 a.m.-2 p.m. at Second Baptist Church on Thursday, Nov. 22. This is sponsored by area churches for the LaFayette community. If you are homebound and can't get to the church, call 706-638-2732 for deliveries within city limits.
COMMUNITY · Starting Jan. 1, 2013, Georgia Farmers will need to apply and obtain a GATE (Georgia Agriculture Exemption Card) from the Georgia Dept. of Agriculture. This is the result of HB 386 which was passed this year by the legislature which allows Georgia farmers to take advantage of additional sales tax exemptions. If you are a farm producer with $ 2,500 in Ag income, you need to prepare to obtain a GATE card. Contact the Walker County Farm Bureau Office at 706-638-3237 if you have questions concerning the Georgia Agricultural Exemption Card.
Friday, Nov. 23
ENTERTAINMENT · "Miracle on 34th Street" will be performed live on stage at The Colonnade in Ringgold. Performances are Nov. 23, 24 and 30, and Dec. 1 at 7:30 p.m. and Dec. 1 at 1 p.m. Tickets are $11 adult admission, $9 seniors (age 55 and older), $9 students, and $8 for groups of 15 or more. Call 706-935-9000, ext. 103, for more information or visit the website colonnadecenter.org.
ENTERTAINMENT · "The Best Christmas Pageant Ever" will be performed at 7:30 p.m. Nov. 23, 25, 29 and 30, at the Walker County Civic Center, 10052 N. Highway 27, in Rock Spring. Tickets cost $5 in advance or $7 at the door. During intermission, there will be a Christmas Bazaar with baked goods, Chirstmas crafts, a cupcake walk and raffle. On Nov. 29 and 30, there will be shows at 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. for senior citizens and area schools. Tickets for seniors and students cost $3 for these shows. For details call 706-218-4757. The civic center phone is 706-375-7705.
ENTERTAINMENT · Sesame Street friends are taking to the stage to share their love of music in Sesame Street Live "Elmo Makes Music" at Memorial Auditorium (399 McCallie Avenue) in Chattanooga, from Friday, Nov. 23 through Sunday, Nov. 25. Tickets cost $15 and $20. A limited number of $28 Gold Circle seats and $50 Sunny Seats are also available. On opening night, all seats excluding Gold Circle and Sunny Seats are $12. A facility fee of 50 cents- $1.50 will be added to all ticket prices. Additional fees and special offers may apply. For more information or to charge tickets by phone, call 423-642-8497. Tickets may also be purchased online at chattagnoogaonstage.com.
ENTERTAINMENT · The Santaland Diaries and Season's Greetings, two holiday pieces by popular humorist David Sedaris, kick off the holiday season the day after Thanksgiving, Friday, Nov. 23, on the CircleStage at the Chattanooga Theatre Centre. Performances are Friday and Saturday evenings at 8 p.m., Nov. 23 through Dec. 8. The Chattanooga Theatre Centre is located at 400 River Street, Chattanooga, on the NorthShore. Parking is available for $2 in the lot next to the Theatre Centre. Tickets are available by calling (423) 267-8534 or they may be purchased online at tickets.theatrecentre.com.
COMMUNITY · Blood Assurance is preparing for a shortfall of approximately 300 units of type O negative blood over the next two weeks, according to historical data and scheduled deliveries. To help local hospitals avoid a critical shortage, Blood Assurance is encouraging residents to get in the giving spirit this holiday season. The first five donors at each location on Friday, Nov. 23 will receive a bundle of gift-wrapping supplies. Bundles include a roll of wrapping paper, 25 name tags, tape and ribbon. For more information about donating blood, call 1-800-962-0628 or visit www.bloodassurance.org.
COMMUNITY · The new Chattanooga Street Tavern in LaFayette will celebrate its grand opening on Friday, Nov. 23.
COMMUNITY · Mizz Kim's Creations on 29 Maple Street, Ringgold, is hosting a Christmas Open House Nov. 23–24, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Christmas coupon tree available with purchase. Refreshments served.
COMMUNITY · A Christmas Market will be hosted by the Ringgold Wedding Chapel at 7683 Nashville Street Ringgold GA on Friday November 23, 2012 from 9a.m. – 2 p.m.
Saturday, Nov. 24
COMMUNITY · The Mars Theatre Historic District in downtown Lafayette will host a Christmas celebration on Saturday, Nov. 24, at 5 p.m. A real 25-foot Christmas tree stands atop the Mars Theatre and groups will perform Christmas music. Santa and Ms. Claus will ride into town at 6 p.m., with the Christmas tree lighting at 7 p.m. Heirlooms: Vintage Boutique also will celebrate its grand opening.
RELIGIOUS · Lyerly United Methodist Church will have a free movie night on Saturday, Nov. 24, at 6 p.m. The inspirational movie, "Letters To God," will be shown. The hero, Tyler Doherty, is an extraordinary 8-year old boy who faces the daily battle of cancer. To Tyler, God is a friend, a teacher and an ultimate pen pal. The letters Tyler sends to God find their way into the hands of Brady McDaniels, a postman standing at the crossroads of his life. Moved by Tyler's courage, Brady realizes what he must do with the letters, a surprise decision that will transform his heart and uplift his newfound friends and community. Free refreshments will be served halfway through the movie. All ages are invited. Call Michelle Floyd at 706-676-5645 for more information.
Sunday, Nov. 25
COMMUNITY · Photographs with Santa and Mrs. Claus will be held from 2-4 p.m. Sunday, Nov. 25, at the historic Marsh House off Main Street in LaFayette. No appointment is necessary. No appointment necessary. Sitting fee is $15 which includes two 5 x 7 photos. Each additional photo is $5 each. For more information contact Mary Smitherman (423-718-9918) or visit www.marshhouseoflafayette.com or on Facebook at The Marsh House of LaFayette. Proceeds for this event go to the Marsh House Cabin Fund.
COMMUNITY · The Walker County Historical Society will hold its annual business meeting on Sunday, Nov. 25, at 2:30 p.m., at the Marsh House on North Main Street in La Fayette. Officers for 2013 will be elected. The program will be a discussion by Richard Gillis, who collects old irons, titled: "My favorite dozen old irons and their stories." The public is invited.
Monday, Nov. 26
COMMUNITY · A bariatric support group will meet from 5:30-6:30 p.m., Monday, Nov. 26, at Erlanger Chattanooga Lifestyle Center in Chattanooga. Bariatric support group meetings are for individuals scheduled to have bariatric surgery or who have already had weight loss surgery. Call Erlanger's HealthLink at (423) 778-LINK (5465) for more information.
COMMUNITY · Childbirth Education will be offered from 6-10 p.m. at Erlanger East (Gunbarrel Road) in Chattanooga. This childbirth education class/series is designed for expectant parents and taught by experienced OB nurses. These classes include stages of labor, relaxation and labor support techniques, hospital procedures, pain management options, after birth and home care for moms and in-hospital care for newborns. There will also be time for questions and answers. Registration fee is $75. Call Erlanger's HealthLink at (423) 778-LINK (5465) to register.


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Archives > Allen American > News
Education briefs
From Staff reports
UNT TAMS students recognized in 2012 Siemens competition
Chenyao Yu of Allen was named a semifinalist in this year's Siemens Competition in Math, Science & Technology. Yu is now attending the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science at the University of North Texas and is one of 11 semifinalists in the 2012 competition.
The academy, or TAMS, has more students honored in the competition than any other Texas school, and is one of the top schools in the nation with honored students.
Other TAMS students named semifinalists in this year's competition are: Robert Tung, Kevin Chen, Ari Gao, Wendy Tong, David Hao and William Huang, all of Plano; Karan Kashyap of Frisco; Cody Freitag of Rowlett; Srikar Donapati of Irving; and George Qi of Austin.
TAMS is a two-year residential program at UNT that allows exceptionally talented students to complete their freshman and sophomore years of college while receiving the equivalent of high school diplomas. Students enroll in the academy following their sophomore year of high school, live in a UNT residence hall and attend UNT classes with college students. After two years, they enroll at UNT or another university to finish their bachelor's degrees.
The Siemens Competition was established in 1999 and recognizes high school students' achievements in mathematics, science and technology research. It is one of the most prestigious high school-level competitions in the nation, providing winners with college scholarships ranging from $1,000 to $100,000. Individual and team winners of the regional competitions each receive scholarships of $3,000 and advance to the national competition, which this year were held Dec. 1-4 at George Washington University in Washington, D.C.
"Unfortunately, none of our students were in the finals," said Nancy Kolsti, UNT communications.
Two TAMS students have won the top prize in previous years. In 2008, Wen Chyan received it for his individual research, and in 2002, Charles Hallford won the grand prize as part of a team. TAMS students were also named national finalists in 2009 and 2011.
Allen ISD to conduct parent survey
Allen ISD will be conducting a school climate survey for parents from Dec. 3-14. The Web-based survey will be conducted by Allen ISD and the research firm K-12 Insight. A similar survey will be conducted among all students in grades 7-12.
The purpose of the survey will be to invite parents to share opinions and perceptions about the school district and their child's school campus. Beginning Dec. 3, parents will receive an email inviting them to log on to the survey website. Results will be published in late January.
While there is no requirement to participate, parents are encouraged to take time to complete the survey when they receive the email. Look for the email from firstname.lastname@example.com with the subject line: Allen ISD Parent School Climate Survey.
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In no way do they represent the view of Starlocalnews.com
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How Jesus Got a Life
Figure 1. As the earth's axis slowly shifts its orientation in space, it traces out the surface of a double cone in space. Because of the axial wandering, the points where the celestial equator (the projection of the earth's equator onto the celestial sphere) intersects the ecliptic (the apparent path made by the sun against the background of "fixed stars") move also, shifting clockwise around the ecliptic as seen by the northern hemisphere. It takes 25,800 years for the points of the intersection to move all the way around the ecliptic.
How Jesus Got a Life
The Probing Mind
by Frank R. Zindler
March 1992, Revised October, 1999
NAPOLEON: Monsieur Laplace! I have read with great interest your Traité de mécanique céleste - all five volumes - but nowhere have I found any mention of the Good Lord.
LAPLACE: Sire, I have had no need of that hypothesis.
Our world is an unstable place. Nations rise, and governments topple. Unbalanced people the world around torture and kill each other for the sake of religion or other groundless causes. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and wars periodically scourge our globe. Continents drift about and collide with each other, and oceans form and disappear. Even planet Earth itself has the wobblies. As it spins on its axis, the earth is not stable. Like the center peg of a toy top, the axis of the spinning earth slowly wobbles in a circle, tracing out the surface of a double cone in space [see Figure 1, above].
This motion of the earth's axis is called precession, and it is, I believe, a major component of the causes long ago that led to the creation of Christianity. The character now known as Christ, or Jesus, was not born of a virgin; rather, it was the product of an unstably rotating earth. If the earth's axis did not precess, the Christ character would never have been invented. Christianity as we know it would not exist.
In my forthcoming book, Inventing Jesus, I hope to demonstrate exhaustively the extraordinary chain of causes and effects which led from a wobbling earth to a divine biography - the so-called "Life of Christ." In this brief article, of course, I can do little more than state and explain the major points of this thesis and give a sampling of the evidence I have found to support it.
I. "Jesus Christ" never existed as an historical figure.
It is a curious fact that the oldest components of the so-called New Testament, the letters believed to have been written by one Saul/Paul, know almost nothing of any Jesus biography. Neither Bethlehem nor Nazareth are mentioned in these charter documents of the Christian religion. Only in the much later Book of Acts is it claimed that Saul (Paul) had an interview with "Jesus of Nazareth." [1] The later the document, the greater the detail of the Jesus story presented.
There is no convincing evidence to make one suppose that any of the surviving "gospels" were written by eyewitnesses. Indeed, study of the gospels shows quite conclusively that they were not. For example, the authors of the gospels of Matthew and Luke incorporate nearly the entire Greek text of the gospel of Mark, adding sayings taken from yet another document (the so-called "Q-Document"), and generally make the miracles recounted by Mark even more miraculous. Had Matthew and Luke been eyewitnesses, they would have written their own accounts, without recourse to plagiarism.
Mark's gospel, the oldest of the official set of four, contains errors of geography [2] and custom [3] that would not have been made by an eyewitness. John's gospel, the latest of the set, is both too late and too ethereal to be taken as a biographical account at all - eyewitness or otherwise. There is nothing about the gospels to make one take them seriously from a biographic point of view: there is no good reason to think them other than ancient examples of the art of fiction.
If the historicity of Jesus cannot be supported by the New Testament writings, what about extrabiblical sources? Did any Greek or Roman or Jewish historians observe his career and write about it? Not one.
Although Josephus, [4] Tacitus, [5] Suetonius, [6] and other ancient authors are often cited as evidence for an historical Jesus, it is clear that their accounts (even if they could be proven authentic) are derivative, not original. Josephus, the oldest of these historians, was born at least five years after the date of the alleged crucifixion! There are no eyewitnesses. Moreover, the ancient non-Christian accounts of Jesus all were written at a time when Christianity already was a thriving delirium, and our pagan authors can be taken only as being witnesses of the state to which Christian traditions had evolved in their times, not as witnesses of an historical Jesus of Nazareth.
There is no credible evidence indicating Jesus ever lived. This fact is, of course, inadequate to prove he did not live. Even so, although it is logically impossible to prove a universal negative, it is possible to show that there is no need to hypothesize any historical Jesus. The Christ biography can be accounted for on purely literary, astrological, and comparative mythological grounds. The logical principle known as Occam's Razor tells us that basic assumptions should not be multiplied beyond necessity. For practical purposes, showing that an historical Jesus is an unnecessary assumption is just as good as proving that he never existed.
II. Christianity began as a mystery religion.
While modern Christianity trumpets its message openly and to all, with little regard for those uninterested in hearing its "good news," it was not so in the beginning. A careful reading of the Pauline epistles and the gospels (supplemented by modern documentary discoveries) shows that Christianity began as a mystery cult, replete with initiations, secrets, and multiple levels of indoctrination.
The word mystery (Greek, : 'what is known only to the initiated') occurs twenty-seven times in the official New Testament, and almost all of these occurrences demonstrate the existence of a secret infrastructure in the nascent cult.
And the disciples came, and said unto him, "Why speakest thou unto them in parables?' He answered and said unto them, 'Because it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given." [Matt. 13:10-11]
The dangling verses now customarily printed at the end of the Epistle to the Romans (but placed elsewhere in various ancient manuscripts) tell of "that divine secret () kept in silence for long ages but now disclosed…" [New English Bible]
Paul the mystagogue is very evident in passages such as I Cor. 2:6ff:
Now we are speaking a wisdom among those who are mature [i.e., ready to be initiated], that is, a wisdom which does not belong to this age, nor the rulers of this age [7] who are about to pass away; but we are speaking God's wisdom in a mystery, wisdom which has been hidden and which God predetermined before the ages to contribute to our glory. None of this world's rulers knew this wisdom… But as it has been written, Things that no eye has seen and no ear heard and that have not occurred to human mind, things that God has prepared for those who love him- God indeed revealed them to us through the Spirit… [8]
I Cor. 4:1 speaks of "stewards of the mysteries of God."
Paul the would-be initiator of inductees into the mysteries peeks out at us also from the third chapter of I Corinthians. "I could not speak to you as I should speak to people who have the Spirit," he tells his not-fully-pliant initiates. "I had to deal with you on the merely natural plane, as infants in Christ. And so I gave you milk to drink, instead of solid food, for which you were not yet ready. Indeed, you are still not ready for it, for you are still on the merely natural plane." [9] Paul's Corinthians were still being fed the superficial story; they were not yet ready to be told the hidden meanings of things, perhaps the full truth concerning the symbolic, not physical, nature of "Christ."
That there was indeed a secret gospel and an initiation into the mysteries of the religion now known as Christianity is dramatically attested by the "Secret Gospel of Mark," found in a manuscript discovered by Morton Smith in 1958, in the Monastery of Mar Saba southeast of Jerusalem. The Greek text found by Smith appears originally to have been composed at the end of the second century by Clement of Alexandria. [10] Clement is replying to one Theodore who has been upset by claims that there was a secret gospel of Mark which differed from the canonic (official) version. Clement tells him that indeed there is a secret gospel used by the Alexandrian church for initiation into the Christian mysteries. He gives several examples of material present in the secret gospel but absent in the canonic one. One of the more interesting "secrets" revealed by Clement tells us:
…Jesus rolled away the stone from the door of the tomb. And straightway, going in where the youth was, he stretched forth his hand and raised him, seizing his hand. But the youth, looking upon him, loved him and began to beseech him that he might be with him. And going out of the tomb they came into the house of the youth, for he was rich. And after six days Jesus told him what to do and in the evening the youth comes to him, wearing a linen cloth over his naked body. And he remained with him that night, for Jesus taught him the mystery of the kingdom of God. [11]
III. Christianity was derived as much from Mithraism as from Judaism. Understanding the origin of Mithraism is crucial to understanding the origin of Christianity.
The mystery religion to which early Christianity seems most closely related is Mithraism. Mithra (also spelled Mithras), a Graeco-Persian invention, was born of a virgin on the winter solstice - frequently December 25th in the Julian calendar. Being a solar deity, Mithra was worshipped on Sundays; after Mithra had become amalgamated with Helios, he was depicted with a halo, nimbus, or glory around his head. In some cases it has been difficult to tell if ancient images were intended as depictions of Mithra or Jesus. The leader of the cult was called a pope (papa) and he ruled from a "mithraeum" on the Vatican Hill in Rome. A prominent iconographic feature in Mithraism was a large key, needed to unlock the celestial gates through which souls of the deceased were believed to pass. It would appear that the "keys of the Kingdom" held by the popes as successors to "St. Peter" derive from Mithra, not from a Palestinian messiah. The Mithraic priests wore miters, special headdresses from which the Christian bishop's hat was derived. (The Latin name for this Phrygian/Persian hat was mitra - which also was an acceptable Latin spelling for Mithra!) The Mithraists consumed a sacred meal (Myazda) which was completely analogous to the Catholic Eucharistic service (Missa, or Mass). Like the Christians, they celebrated the atoning death of a savior who was resurrected on a Sunday. A major center of Mithraic philosophy was at Tarsus - St. Paul's hometown - in what now is Southeast Turkey.
IV. Mithraism and Christianity have their origins in astrology and astronomy.
In 128 B.C.E. the Greek astronomer Hipparchus of Rhodes discovered the precession of the equinoxes [see Figure 2]. Because the earth's axis is tilted approximately 23.5 degrees away from a line perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the sun, the sun appears from the northern hemisphere to follow a path in the sky (the ecliptic) which for six months of the year is above the celestial equator and below it for six months. (The celestial equator marks the points on the "celestial sphere" which are directly overhead as seen by a person living on the earth's equator.) Twice a year, as the sun appears to move along its ecliptic path, it crosses the celestial equator. When the sun is at these points - the so-called vernal (spring) and autumnal equinoxes - the durations of day and night are equal.
Figure 2. Views from the earth, the universe of stars seemed to the ancients to be attached to the great "celestial sphere" which had the eart as its center. The "celestial equator" is the projection of the earth's equator upon the inside of the sphere. The circle of the ecliptic is the path which the sun appears to follow against the background of "fixed stars." The zodiac is a belt of sky, extending 9o above and below the ecliptic, which can be divided into twelve zones of equal size, each characterized by the presence of a particularly prominent constellation. The moon and visible planets all eppear to move within the confines of the zodiacal belt. The equinoctial points are two places where the equator intersects the ecliptic, at an angle of approximately 23.5o. Around 128 B.C.E., Hipparchus of Rhodes discovered that the position of the equinoxes was not constant. He determined that the vernal (spring) equinox had once been in the constellation Taurus but had, by his day, moved ("precessed") almost all the way through the constellation of Aries. At the beginning of the Christian era, the vernal equinox moved into Pisces.
Because the earth wobbles as it spins on its axis, the north and south poles of its axis do not always point to the same spots on the celestial sphere. As a consequence, the equinoctial points become displaced with respect to the so-called fixed stars - including the stars forming the twelve zodiacal constellations. When Hipparchus discovered that the vernal equinox had been displaced from Taurus into Aries, he or some of his disciples felt that they had detected the labor of a hitherto unknown god. (Many Greeks felt that each natural phenomenon or physical force was actually the working of a particular god.) For astrological reasons, this new god was identified with the ancient Persian god Mithra. The mystery religion known as Mithraism thus was born. [12] Mithra was installed as a Time-Lord or chronocrat, the god who would rule over the Age or Aeon of Aries.
By the time Hipparchus and his Stoic colleagues understood that the vernal equinox had moved from Taurus into Aries, the equinox was almost out of Aries as well. Very soon it would move into Pisces, and a new Time-Lord would be needed. Just as movement of the equinox out of Taurus had been symbolized as the sacrifice of a bull [13], so too, the movement out of Aries would come to be symbolized by the sacrifice of a lamb. The first symbol of the new-age religion, the religion reigning in the age of Pisces, significantly, would be the fish. [14] (The cross, apparently, was originally the Greek letter chi (c), which reminds us of the intersection of the celestial equator with the ecliptic at an acute angle.) It is not surprising that in the oldest epitaphs and inscriptions it is actually two fish that were used to symbolize the New-Age cult - making the symbol of Christianity identical to the astrological symbol for Pisces, in obedience to the fact that Pisces is plural: the fishes.
V. The Magi mentioned in the second chapter of Matthew's gospel were Mithraic astrologer-priests, probably scouts looking for the new Time-Lord who was to rule the "new age" of Pisces.
The Mithraic clergy involved actively in the astrology of the cult were known as Magi (Greek magoi), and are depicted as wearing Phrygian (pseudo-Persian) caps such as Mithra is supposed to have worn. It is my thesis that some of these Magi, realizing that the age of Mithra was drawing to a close (the equinox would move into Pisces some time during the first century C.E.), would have left their cult centers in Phrygia and Cilicia, in what is now East and Southeast Turkey, from cities such as Tarsus to go to Palestine to see if they could locate not just the King of the Jews, but the new Time-Lord, the ruler of the new age of Pisces. (Pisces was considered to have especial connections with the Jews.) It is significant, I believe, that early depictions of the Magi's visitation of the Christ Child (including one in a church at Bethlehem) showed them wearing Phrygian (Mithraic) caps.
While it is clear that the story of the Magian visitation found at the beginning of the second chapter of Matthew's gospel is more fairy tale than history (how does one follow a star?), it seems there is a kernel of historicity in it. I believe, however, that the Greek text has been misunderstood with regard to the point of origin of the Magi and just where they were when they saw the star that triggered their trip. The King James Version tells us of "wise men from the east," who "have seen his star in the east." Modern translations tend to have the wise men see "his star at its rising." The Greek word for 'east' used in these two passages is , and it can indeed refer to the east or to the rising of a heavenly body. But it can also be the name of a place - Anatolia. Anatolia could signify either the entire peninsula of Asia Minor (i.e., the area now called Turkey), or a particular province of Phrygia. It thus appears that Matt. 2:1-2 should actually read:
Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, there came Magi from Anatolia to Jerusalem,
Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for in Anatolia we have seen his star, and are come to worship him.
This Palestinian visit from the Magi could have been the catalyst that triggered various Jewish groups - and perhaps some non-Jewish groups - into thinking that the messiah whom they had been awaiting had already come and had not been noticed. Lest this seem too far-fetched, it should be noted that even in our own sophisticated age notices of Christ's "second coming" are of regular occurrence. It is not irrational to suppose that somewhere right now there is a small cult which believes that Jesus is back on earth. [15]
It is clear that the people who wrote the New Testament believed in reincarnation and "redivivus appearances" of such characters as Elijah. This would have made it fairly easy for a Magian visit to convince people that their messiah had already appeared. A particularly illustrative example is found in Matthew's gospel: [16]
Jesus... asked his disciples, saying: "Who do men say that the Son of Man is?"
And they said, "Some say John the Baptist; some, Elijah; and others, Jeremiah, or one of the Seers."
He says to them: "But who do you say that I am?"
And Simon Peter, answering, said: "Thou art the Anointed, the Son of the Living God!"
And his disciples put a question to him, saying: "Why then do the scribes say 'Elijah must come first'?"
Now, Jesus answered and said to them: "Elijah indeed comes first, and will restore all things. Now, I say to you, Elijah has come already, and they did not recognize him, but have done him as many injuries as they could. Thus also the Son of Man is destined to suffer by them."
Then his disciples understood that he said this to them about John the Baptist.
Similar cases of "events" of cosmic significance occurring unnoticed are found in the gospels of Thomas [17] and Luke:
Gos. Thom. 51. His disciples said to him, "When will the repose of the dead come about, and when will the new world come?" He said to them, "What you look forward to has already come, but you do not recognize it."
Gos. Thom. 52. His disciples said to him, "Twenty-four prophets spoke in Israel, and all of them spoke of you." He said to them, "You have omitted the one living in your presence, and have spoken only of the dead.
Lk. 17:20-21. Being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God was coming, he answered them, "The kingdom of God is not coming with signs to be observed; nor will they say, 'Lo, here it is!' or 'There!' for behold, the kingdom of God is in the midst of you."
VI. The Jews were ready for the Magi when they came to visit.
The Jews during the last two centuries B.C.E. were awaiting a messiah, and were making checklists of passages from the OT which they fancied described the who, where, why, and how of the person who would be their messiah. The actual texts from the OT were often taken completely out of context, distorted, and misquoted, and there was little respect for the tenses of verbs. (A particularly egregious example of such scripture-twisting methodology can be seen in the gospel of Matthew.)
No written works of Mithraism are known, since like other mystery cults, it centered around a secret known only to persons initiated into its rits. Most of our knowledge about it is derived from the iconography of its temples. A Central element in them was the depiction of Mithra sacrificing a wild bull (Taurus).
The messianic check-lists that different groups had been keeping would have been reinterpreted after the visit of the Magi: instead of telling what the messiah would do, they came to be interpreted as a record of what he had done. News that the messiah had already come would spread rapidly. The fact that no one had noticed the first coming was the reason the myth of the second coming had to be invented. Nothing actually had been accomplished by the first coming - except on paper!
An example of such a checklist has been found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Scrolls scholar Theodor Gaster tells us about
…a catena of five Scriptural passages attesting the advent of the Future Prophet and the Anointed King and the final discomfiture of the impious. The first four are taken from the Pentateuch, and include an excerpt from the oracles of Balaam. The fifth is an interpretation of a verse from the Book of Joshua. An interesting feature of this document… is that precisely the same passages of the Pentateuch are used by the Samaritans as the stock testimonial to the coming of the Taheb, or future 'Restorer.' They evidently constituted a standard set of such quotations, of the type that scholars have long supposed to have been in the hands of New Testament writers when they cited passages of the Hebrew Bible supposedly confirmed by incidents in the life and career of Jesus. [18]
VII. Gnosticism helped to reinterpret the checklists, and other pre-Christian literary creations, as documents pertaining to the life of the unnoticed messiah.
Before the so-called New Testament was completed, the leaders of the primitive Christian Church had to do battle with a "heresy" called gnosticism. The Gnostics were persons who believed in gnosis, a type of introspective knowledge. According to Kurt Rudolph, a leading authority on Gnosticism, gnosis is "knowledge given by revelation, which has been made available only to the elect who are capable of receiving it, and therefore has an esoteric character." [19] It is now known that gnosticism is older than Christianity, and an argument can be made that Christianity is a Gnostic heresy, rather than the other way around as traditionally taught.
Through "revelation" Gnostics and others could decide not only that checklists should be reinterpreted, but even that materials completely unrelated to Christianity were actually filled with hidden knowledge of Christian significance. This is extremely important from a psychiatric point of view, for it allowed the authors of the messianic biographies to feel guiltless of fraud, despite the fact that there was little if any truth in their products. All that was needed was for some person, perhaps one who had fasted too long, to have a very strong feeling - possibly the result of a dream, autosuggestion, or even hallucination - that knowledge was being communicated to him from another world. Thereafter, even a list of gardening tools could be transmogrified into a religious document of great profundity.
Two early symbols of Christianity were the lamb and the tropos cross, as seen on this sixth-century sarcophagus.
The Gnostic library discovered at Nag Hammadi in Egypt provides some examples of how non-Christian materials could have been appropriated for Christian purposes. The so-called "Apocalypse of Adam," a non-Christian phantasy composed of Jewish elements, follows the same general outline and contains many of the same components as does the birth narrative found in the twelfth chapter of the Book of Revelation in the New Testament. It is clear that both stories are derived from a common mythological source - a source that Gnostic principles allowed to be adapted for Christian use by "St. John the Revelator."
The "smoking gun" of revelation-in-the-making also has been found at Nag Hammadi, and it is most instructive for anyone wishing to understand how non-Christian materials could have been transmuted into the documents now found in the New Testament. James M. Robinson, the editor of the Nag Hammadi materials published in English, tells us that
The Nag Hammadi library even presents one instance of the Christianizing process taking place almost before one's eyes. The non-Christian philosophic treatise Eugnostos the Blessed is cut up somewhat arbitrarily into separate speeches, which are then put on Jesus' tongue, in answer to questions (which sometimes do not quite fit the answers) that the disciples address to him during a resurrection appearance. The result is a separate tractate entitled The Sophia of Jesus Christ. Both forms of the text occur side by side in Codex III. [20]
VIII. Jesus had to get his names before he could get his lives.
Before Jesus could be given a biography, he had to receive a name. Actually, he received several names and, as we shall see, all of his names were really titles. Thus, the name Jesus of Nazareth originally was not a name at all, but rather a title meaning (The) Savior, (The) Branch. In Hebrew this would have been Yeshua' Netser. The word Yeshua' means 'savior,' and Netser means 'sprout,' 'shoot,' or 'branch' - a reference to Isaiah 11:1, which was thought to predict a messiah (lit., 'anointed one') of the line of Jesse (King David's father): "And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots…"
While this reference to a branch from Jesse will doubtless seem obscure to modern readers, it would not have been obscure to ancient Jews such as those who composed the Dead Sea Scrolls (and wrote a commentary on Isaiah 11:1); nor would it have been obscure to the early Christians. According to the church father Epiphanius, who was born on Cyprus in 367 C.E. and wrote a treatise against "heretics," the Christians originally were called Jessaeans, precisely because of the messianic tie to Jesse. [21]
Although for speakers of Hebrew and its close cousin Aramaic the meaning and prophetic significance of the title The Savior, The Branch would have been clear, after it had been wrestled into Greek as or , its titular significance must soon have been forgotten. The part came to be a simple name ( in Latin) of the Tom, Dick, or Harry sort. The part, however, was misperceived as being derived from the name of a place - the imaginary village of Nazareth - much as the word Parisian can be derived from Paris.
And so, Yeshua' Netser came to be Jesus of Nazareth - a name of the Jimmy-the-Greek sort, a name thought to contain information on a person's place of origin. (There may have been an intermediate Wizard-of-Oz period, combining a title with a place name: The Savior of Nazareth.)
At the turn of the era, there was no place called Nazareth, and it is not entirely certain that the place now called by that name was inhabited during the period in question. The name appears neither in the Old Testament nor in the large "intertestamental" literature. Nor is it found in Josephus, despite the fact that he names several dozen towns in Galilee - a place where he conducted military maneuvers. As far as I can tell, the place presently called Nazareth received its name from an imaginative Jessaean some time at the end of the second century or early third century - most likely after Hadrian expelled the Jews from Jerusalem in 135 CE. At the turn of the era, however, Nazareth was as mythical as the Mary, Joseph, and Jesus family that was supposed to have lived there. [21B]
It is interesting to note that archaeological excavations of the oldest Jewish-Christian churches in that town have revealed branches as a prominent decorative motif (shades of netser!) as well as zodiacs - some even surrounding the chi-rho symbol [22] of Christ, exactly as zodiacs have been found surrounding images of Mithra. Further, the ruins of the baptistries bear evidence that initiation rites in early Christianity were every bit as interesting as those in Mormonism before the recent bowdlerization.
Like Jesus of Nazareth, the "name" Jesus Christ also began as two titles. As we have seen, the Jesus part of the name really is the title Savior. But what of Christ? The Greek word christos means 'anointed,' and is the equivalent of the Hebrew word meshiah. Thus, Christ and Messiah are equivalent terms, both referring to the peculiar Israelite practice of anointing their kings and high priests with oil. (The Greeks oiled their athletes instead.)
IX. Jesus got his lives from other people and other literatures.
There are at least five different Jesuses described in the New Testament: the one which the Apostle Paul "met" during an epileptic seizure on the road to Damascus, and the four palpably different messiahs chronicled in the canonic gospels. The biographic dimensions of the Pauline messiah are so meager that little need be said about him. But what of the tales told by the four evangelists?
Two fish (symbolic of the Age of Pisces) with an anchor shaped like a cross are seen in detail from an early fourth-century tombstone. Early in the history of Christianity, the fish also was connected with baptism and served as a Greek acrostic for the phrase "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior."
Much of the biographic material found in the New Testament is merely a reworking of material taken from the Greek Old Testament, the Septuagint. A considerable part of the narrative structure of the gospel of Matthew (and also of Mark, his source) can be thought of as a fleshing out and adaptation of a messianic checklist such as I have hypothesized would have formed the nucleus for a messianic biography. Over and over again, events and circumstances both trivial and important are recounted by Matthew and followed by the refrain, "…that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets…" While this refrain does not appear in Mark's narrative, it seems clear that the story skeleton used by Mark had been constructed from a checklist of Old Testament "prophecies" that would have to be fulfilled by the messiah.
The many "sayings of Jesus" (logia) recounted in the gospels would, if they could convincingly be derived from a single personality or source, be strong evidence that an historical Jesus once existed. But such is not the case. A group of prominent Bible scholars, styling themselves "The Jesus Seminar" and sponsored by the Westar Institute in Sonoma, California, recently completed its six-year analysis of all the logia and reported that at least eighty percent of the sayings were not authentic! That is to say, they were able to find explanations for their composition which did not require an historical Jesus. [23] And what of the other twenty percent? All we can say is that their true origins are unknown. It has not been proven that they come from a man called Jesus.
To trace all the elements of the Jesus biographies to their sources will require a very large book. Here we can give only a few examples of how some material became incorporated into the braid of literature that has come to be known as "The Life of Christ."
The healing miracles probably derive from the testimonies given by persons who thought themselves to have been cured by the Greek god Asklepios (Asclepius in Latin). The great venom with which the early church fathers attacked the cult of this pagan god indicates a close rivalry between the two cults and a certain embarrassment among Christians repeatedly being told that Asklepios had already done all of Jesus' tricks and had done them better.
Early in the development of the biographies, "Jesus" became identified with the "Son of Man" character who figures so importantly in late Old Testament books and apocryphal writings, such as the Book of Daniel and the Book of Enoch. This allowed for large-scale accretion of literary material. It is interesting to note that the Son-of-Man literature underwent considerable evolution from its beginning up to its amalgamation with the Christ character. Originally, in Hebrew and Aramaic, the phrase son of man simply signified a human being - i.e., not some other species of animal. Later, it came to symbolize Israel the nation. Much prophetic literature referring to the Son of Man is actually referring to Israel the nation. (Israel was, after all, a nation of human beings; the goyim or 'nations' - gentiles - were not considered fully human.) Then, the term was individualized once again and identified with the awaited messiah. Finally, it was grafted - with all its accumulated literature and associations - onto the Jesus vita.
Some of the Jesus biography was derived from pre-Christian gnosticism, and some material was incorporated from Hellenic-Jewish wisdom literature. Some items, such as the doctrine of the logos ("the Word") came from the Stoic philosophers. The saying "To give is more blessed than to receive" [Acts 20:35] is actually an ancient Greek aphorism. [24] The saying in Matt. 11:17, "We have piped unto you and ye have not danced," derives from one of Aesop's fables! [25] The saying that "wheresoever the carcass is, there the eagles will be gathered together" [Matt. 24:28 = Luke 17:37] is attested by a number of Greek (Lucian [26], Aelianus [27]) and Latin (Seneca [28], Martial [29], and Lucan [30]) antecedents. [31]
As a final illustration of how easy it was to put words into Jesus' mouth, we may consider a passage in Saul/Paul's first letter to the Corinthians. In the ninth verse of the second chapter, he quotes a yet unidentified "scripture":
"But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him."
In the gospel of Thomas (actually a collection of sayings or logia, resembling the Q-Document from which Matthew and Luke drew supposed sayings of Jesus), this is reworked as logion number 17 and attributed to Jesus himself:
"I shall give you what no eye has seen and what no ear has heard, and what no hand has touched, and what has never occurred to the human mind." [32]
The same saying was adapted by the author of the Q-Document and found its way into the official New Testament as Matt. 13:16-7 and Luke 10:23-4:
"Blessed are the eyes that see what you see and the ears that hear what you hear… many prophets and righteous men have desired to see what you see and did not see it, and to hear what you hear and did not hear it." [Material in italics found only in Matthew's version] [33]
It yet remains to go through the entire New Testament to extract all the materials supposedly containing information of the life of Christ and to trace them to their sources. It remains also to sort out which of the characters in that book are historical and which are fictional. The twelve disciples, for example, appear to be zodiacal figures, but John the Baptist may have been real. St. Paul almost certainly was real, but St. Peter probably was not. The Virgin Mary and Joseph were invented for their roles, but Pontius Pilate was not.
Much work remains to be done to put the chroniclers of Christ out of business, although a surprising amount of it was done already a century or more ago, but now is lost or difficult to retrieve. This fact has prompted the popular writers Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, and Henry Lincoln to comment:
Each contribution in the field of biblical research is like a footprint in sand. Each is covered almost immediately and, so far as the general public is concerned, left virtually without trace. Each must constantly be made anew, only to be covered again. [34]
It is time now for the vacuum that is Christ, not the footprints of scholars, to be filled in with sand. It is past the time when mythical beings should be taken seriously. The time has arrived for biblical scholars to stand upon the same solid foundation on which the Marquis de Laplace stood when questioned by the Emperor of France. When questioned about the historical Jesus, all should be able to reply: "I have had no need of that hypothesis."
[1] This is in Acts 22: 7ff, which alleges to be a first-person account of Saul's conversion: "Then I heard a voice saying to me, 'Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?' I answered, 'Tell me, Lord, who you are.' 'I am Jesus of Nazareth,' he said, 'whom you are persecuting.' My companions saw the light, but did not hear the voice that spoke to me…" [New English Bible]
A contradictory, third-person account of Saul's conversion can be found in Acts 9: 4ff: "He fell to the ground and heard a voice saying, 'Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?' "Tell me, Lord,' he said, 'who you are.' The voice answered, 'I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting… Meanwhile the men who were travelling with him stood speechless; they heard the voice but could see no one…" [New English Bible]
It would appear that the version in Chapter 9 was taken from a document older than that from which the Chapter 22 account was derived. The Nazareth tradition had not yet been invented when the Chapter 9 story was put in writing.
[2] An example of Mark's ignorance of Palestinian geography is found in the story he recounts about Jesus traveling from Tyre on the Mediterranean to the Sea of Galilee, thirty miles inland. According to Mark 7:31, Jesus and his gang went by way of Sidon, twenty miles north of Tyre on the Mediterranean coast! Since to Sidon and back would be forty miles, this means that Mark's messiah walked seventy miles when he could have walked only thirty. Although Mark seems unaware of this problem, the translators of the King James Version seem to have understood it quite well - adroitly obfuscating their translation accordingly: "Departing from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon…"
[3] Mark 10:12 tells us that a wife, if she divorces her husband and marries another, is guilty of adultery. While this was possible in some pagan societies, it was not an option open to Israelite women.
[4] Josephus ben Matthias (ca. C.E. 37 - ca. 100), Jewish Historian and general.
[5] Cornelius Tacitus (ca. C.E. 56 - ca. 120), Roman orator, historian and politician.
[6] Gaius Suetonius Tranquilus (ca. C.E. 69 - ca. 122), Roman biographer and historian.
[7] It is difficult not to see this as a reference to the end of the 2150-year-long astrological Age of Aries, over which Mithra had reigned as 'Time-Lord' or chronocrat. Paul was writing almost exactly at the time the Age of Pisces was beginning, with Jesus as the new Time-Lord. The Greek for 'the rulers of this age' is . This fairly reverberates with both astrological and Gnostic mysteries. In gnosticism, the archons clearly are rulers of astrological derivation, and the æons are both rulers and periods of time. It is suggestive also, that the church father Origen, in commenting on this passage in Corinthians alludes to "the astrology of the Chaldeans and Indians" and "Magi" - Mithraic or Zoroastrian astrologers [Origen De Principiis, The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. IV, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI, 1982, pp. 335-6.]
[8] William F. Orr, and James Arthur Walther, The Anchor Bible: I Corinthians, Doubleday & Co., Inc., Garden City, NY, 1976, pp. 153-4.
[9] I Cor. 3:1-3, New English Bible.
[10] Titus Flavius Clemens (ca. C.E. 150 - ca. 211), Prominent early church father.
[11] Morton Smith, Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1973, p. 447.
[12] For this modern understanding of the late and astrological origin of the Mithraic religion, I am heavily dependent upon the writing of David Ulansey, especially his little book The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries: Cosmology and Salvation in the Ancient World, Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford 1989.
[13] A glance at Figure 2 will show that the constellation Perseus is located above the constellation Taurus. Mythologically, Perseus became amalgamated with Mithra, and the physical ascendance of Perseus over Taurus suggested that Mithra-Perseus had killed the bull.
[14] Very early in the history of Christianity, the fish symbol received a non-astrological interpretation by means of a clever acrostic. The Greek word for fish, ICHTHUS, can be formed from the first letters of each word in the motto - 'Jesus Christ, God's Son, Savior.'
[15] On August 6, 1991, the supermarket tabloid National Examiner carried a front-page notice: "Vatican Report. Jesus may be back on earth." The article itself, on page nine, reported that "Stunned scientists and religious leaders believe Jesus Christ has returned to Earth!" There was some uncertainty, however, if the second coming had come about in a biblical manner or whether Christ had been cloned scientifically from blood spots in the Shroud of Turin. Considering the large numbers of people who read this paper, it is all but certain that there are some people who will believe its extraordinary tales.
[16] Matt. 16:13-16; 17:10-13. My translation.
[17] Helmut Koester, Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development, Trinity Press International, Philadelphia, 1990, pp. 124-5.
[18] Theodor H. Gaster, The Dead Sea Scriptures, Third Revised and Enlarged Edition, Anchor Books/Doubleday , Garden City, New York, 1976, p. 393.
[19] Kurt Rudolph, Gnosis: The Nature and History of Gnosticism, Harper & Row, San Francisco, 1985, p. 55.
[20] James M. Robinson, The Nag Hammadi Library, Third, Completely Revised Edition, Harper, San Francisco, 1988, pp. 8-9.
[21] J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus, etc., Series Graeca Prior, Patrologiae Graecae Tomus XLI, S. Epiphanius Constantiensis in Cypro Episcopus, Adversus Haereses, Paris, 1863, columns 389-390.
[21B] Despite the excavations of the Franciscan B. Bagatti [Excavations in Nazareth, translated by F. Hoade, Franciscan Printing Press, Jerusalem, 1969] no remains of any building datable to the first centuries BCE or CE have ever been found at present-day Nazareth, and the artifacts dated by Bagatti to "the Roman Period" are probably all later than first century CE. Moreover, most if not all of the artifacts appear to be funerary goods used in burials of residents of Japha (Japhia), a town a mile or so away which was known to Josephus.
The first inscriptional mention of the place-name Nazareth is thought to be on a fragment of marble found at the site of ancient Caesarea in 1962. ["A List of Priestly Courses from Caesarea," M. Avi-Yonah, Israel Exploration Journal, 12:137-9] The synagogue in which the marble fragment was found appears to date from the end of the third or the beginning of the fourth century CE [The Archeology of the New Testament, Jack Finegan, Princeton Univ. Press, 1992, p. 46], thus ruling out the inscription as a witness to any first-century place called Nazareth.
It is doubtful, however, that the inscription really mentions Nazareth. The several related fragments of the inscription were interpreted by means of Hebrew liturgical poems dating from the sixth to seventh centuries - when present-day Nazareth was already a thriving tourist site and the name was well-known. The letters n-ts-r-t are bounded by broken edges of the stone (in fact, the n is only partially present), and it is not certain what letter may have preceded the n. In my opinion, the damaged n probably was preceded by a g (a narrow letter in Hebrew, easily fitting into the space hypothesized by the discoverers of the inscription) and read Gennesaret, not Nazareth. Gennesaret was founded in Hellenistic times and was well known.
[22] The letters chi () and rho () are the first two letters of the Greek word Christos, and have been superimposed upon each other to form a sort of cross, a symbol still prominently employed by the Roman Catholic Church.
[23] The rules of evidence employed by this team of scholars, along with their reasons for accepting or rejecting a particular logion can be found in The Gospel of Mark Red Letter Edition, by Robert W. Funk and Mahlon H. Smith, Polebridge Press, Sonoma, California, 1991.
[24] Koester, Ancient Christian Gospels, p. 63.
[25] Arnold Ehrhardt, The Framework of the New Testament Stories, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1964, p. 51-3.
[26] Lucian (ca. C.E. 120 - 180), Greek Satirist and rhetorician.
[27] Claudius Aelianus (ca. C.E. 170 - ca. 235), Roman rhetorician.
[28] Lucius Annaeus Seneca (ca. 4 B.C.E. 1- ca. 65), Roman statesman and philosopher.
[29] Marcus Valerius Martialis (ca. C.E. 40 - ca. 103), Roman Poet.
[30] Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (C.E. 39-65), Roman Poet.
[31] Ehrhardt, Framework, p. 53-8
[32] Koester, Ancient Christian Gospels, p. 58.
[33] Koester, Ancient Christian Gospels, p. 59.
[34] Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, and Henry Lincoln., The Messianic Legacy, Henry Holt, New York, 1986, p. 9. [Manuscript received November 19, 1991.
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Home > Jewellery Please note that: i) We cannot yet despatch merchandise to destinations outside the UK ii) This restriction does not apply to memberships - we can send membership packs anywhere iii) Here, in our online shop, we can only accept payment by credit or debit card in pounds Sterling, US$ and Euros iv)You cannot book visits to us in our online shop. Please contact us to arrange visits. v) There is a minimum order value of Ł5.00 in this online store. A range of ear-rings, necklaces, pendants etc.
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Buffalo Bills NFL® Mallet Putter Cover
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- Two embroidered Buffalo Bills trademarks
- Fits right or left-handed, standard or center shaft mallet putters
- Made of durable 420D nylon
- Foam padded and fleece lined for club protection
- Hook and loop closure
Show your team pride all the way to the green with this Buffalo Bills NFL Mallet Putter Cover. Made of durable 420D nylon with foam padding and fleece lining to cushion your putter, this Mallet Putter Cover fits right or left-handed, standard or center shaft mallet putters. Two Buffalo Bills trademarks in eye-catching team colors mean there is no mistaking the Bills are your team! Imported.