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I'd like to get a first round of review on my AXFS filesystem. This is a simple read only compressed filesystem like Squashfs and cramfs. AXFS is special because it also allows for execute-in-place of your applications. It is a major improvement over the cramfs XIP patches that have been floating around for ages. The biggest improvement is in the way AXFS allows for each page to be XIP or not. First, a user collects information about which pages are accessed on a compressed image for each mmap()ed region from /proc/axfs/volume0. That 'profile' is used as an input to the image builder. The resulting image has only the relevant pages uncompressed and XIP. The result is smaller memory sizes and faster launches. See http://axfs.sourceforge.net for more info. fs/Kconfig | 21 + fs/Makefile | 1 fs/axfs/Makefile | 7 fs/axfs/axfs_bdev.c | 158 ++++++++ fs/axfs/axfs_inode.c | 490 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fs/axfs/axfs_mtd.c | 233 ++++++++++++ fs/axfs/axfs_profiling.c | 594 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fs/axfs/axfs_super.c | 866 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fs/axfs/axfs_uml.c | 47 ++ fs/axfs/axfs_uncompress.c | 97 +++++ include/linux/axfs.h | 358 +++++++++++++++++++ 11 files changed, 2872 insertions(+) --
Jared, nice work! I've also read your paper from the linux symposium (http://ols.fedoraproject.org/OLS/Reprints-2008/hulbert-reprint.pdf) A few questions: - how does this benchmark compared to cramfs and squashfs in a NAND-only system (or is it just not a good plan to use this with NAND-only (of course I won't get XIP with NAND, I understand that) - would axfs be suitable as a filesystem on a ram disk? Background for the last question is that if you do not have the memory to retain all pages uncompressed (as you would with ramfs), this could be a nice intermediate format. Furthermore compared to ramfs, a filesystem on a ramdisk does not need the initialisation during startup (decompressing the cpio file, creating the files, copying the data), so when it comes to boot times a filesystem on a ramdisk (e.g. axfs) could be a better choice. Appreciate your feedback. Frans. --
> Jared, nice work! I don't know, I'm interested to find out. I just benchmarked that. Actually it should work very well as a NAND-only fs. Also you do get something like XIP with NAND. If you boot an XIP AXFS image on NAND or a blkdev it will copy that XIP region into RAM and "XIP" it from there. I think this will make it very good for LiveCD's. Though we just (minutes ago) realized our testing of that feature was flawed, so It could be. I plan on implementing support for brd. That might work nicely. --
I was going to take a look at this too. With any luck, it should be little effort required as it looks like you have the block device support in place? This filesystem actually should in theory work fairly well with brd, because then we wouldn't have to bring the data over into pagecache for frequently used pages but we can retain the compressed storage for the infrequently used stuff. I say in theory because I don't know of any serious users (except kernel testing) of brd :) --
FWIW, I'm not sure it's a good idea to name this new filesystem AXFS. People are almost certainly going to confuse it with XFS despite the filesystems being aimed at diammetrically opposed ends of the storage spectrum. ;) Cheers, Dave. -- Dave Chinner firstname.lastname@example.com --
In principle I think you are right. AXFS and XFS are similar names and it could lead to confusion. I think XFS should change its name to prevent confusion. I think by 2 years AXFS will be used in orders of magnitude more machines anyway. ;) About opposite end of the spectrum... Carsten just said AXFS might be nice for s390, so I'm not sure how true that is. I'm kind of attached to the name now. --
Hello Jared, People that care about their filesystem choice know their choices. People that don't care, well they don't care. Maybe AXIPFS would be the close alternative. One question on the use-case profiling and subsequent image rebuild: What if the use-case did not cover all cases of XIP use? If a compressed page is attempted to be executed, will the filesystem fall back to decompression to RAM and execution from RAM, or will this result in a faulty system? The design choices look real good. Congrats on the achievement. Regards, -- Leon --
No this will not result in a faulty system. It is perfectly acceptable to have all pages in a file XIP, no pages in a fill XIP, thanks! --
You probably want to read the paper at http://ols.fedoraproject.org/OLS/Reprints-2008/hulbert-reprint.pdf BTW, I regret now not having attended the OLS presentation, because there was so much emphasis on `XIP' in the description :-) Fortunately it's been recorded: http://free-electrons.com/community/videos/conferences/ so I'm gonna watch it right now... With kind regards, Geert Uytterhoeven Software Architect Sony Techsoft Centre Europe The Corporate Village
I like the general approach of it. It's much more flexible than the ext2 extension I've done, and the possibility to select XIP vs. compression per page is really really neat. I can imagine that people will prefer this over the ext2 implementation on s390. It is unclear to me how the "secondary block device" thing is supposed to work. Could you elaborate a bit on that? --
Agreed. I haven't had a good look through it yet, but at a glance it looks pretty neat. The VM side of things looks pretty reasonable (I fear XIP faulting might have another race or two, but that's a core mm issue rather than filesystem specific). --
Yes, I also like the file system, I guess this is 2.6.28 material and you should have it added to linux-next when you have addressed the comments so far. One thing that would be really nice is if you could add fake-write support in the way that I proposed for cramfs a few months ago. This would make axfs much more interesting for another set of users, and keep cramfs a really simple example file system. Arnd <>< --
No, there were a few remaining issues that I never found the time to work on. Arnd <>< --
How might I design a test to flush those bugs out? We haven't seen any. --
Not quite sure yet. I just fixed a couple of easy ones, but there could be some more lurking. Don't be too worried about it yet, I was just musing to myself there really :) --
First off we don't yet support direct_access(), but I am planning on that soon. Sure. For a system that has say a NOR Flash and a NAND or a embedded MMC, one can split a filesystem image such that only the XIP parts of the image are on the NOR while the compressed bits are on the NAND / eMMC. The NOR part is accessed as directly addressable memory, while the NAND would use mtd->read() and the eMMC would use block device access API's. In this case I would call this NAND or eMMC the "secondary device" because the primary device is the NOR. Assuming my NOR was at /dev//mtd2 and my NAND at /dev/mtd5. I would call the following to mount such a system: mount -t axfs -o second_dev=/dev/mtd5 /dev/mtd2 /mnt/axfs --
Sounds great, really nice idea. How does it fare with no MMU? Can the profiler and image builder lay out the XIP pages in such a way that no-MMU mmaps can map those regions? No complaint if not, it would be a nice bonus though. -- Jamie --
Sorry. I don't believe it will work on no-MMU as is. That said you _could_ tweak the mkfs tool to lay mmap()'ed regions down contiguously but then if you mmap() an unprofiled region, well that would be bad. I suppose you could make axfs_mmap smart enough to handle that. I guess the cleanest way would be to just make files lay down contiguously, you lose some of the space saving but it would work. I'm not plannin to get to this anytime soon. But I'd be willing merge patches. Can anybody convince me offline that working on no-MMU this makes financial sense for my employer? This is getting to be a common question. How many noMMU users are out there and why are you so interested? --
Hi Jared, That would be enough I think. If you could manually select which files are contiguous-and-uncompressed that would be One of those unknown factors, how many are there? Who knows, pretty much impossible to tell. One thing for sure is that many people who do non-MMU setups are interested in XIP to get the space savings. These are very often small devices with very constrained RAM and flash. (For whatever it is worth single NOR flash only boards are common in these smaller form factors :-) Regards Greg ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Greg Ungerer -- Chief Software Dude EMAIL: email@example.com Secure Computing Corporation PHONE: +61 7 3435 2888 825 Stanley St, FAX: +61 7 3891 3630 Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia WEB: http://www.SnapGear.com --
So.... If you don't have an MMU when do you call ->fault? Does the True. --
Hi Jared, Sort of. It actually just uses a single ->read to bring in the entire file contents. There is a few limitations on the use of mmap() for non-mmu. Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt gives more details. With no MMU it does rely on being able to kmalloc() Regards Greg ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Greg Ungerer -- Chief Software Dude EMAIL: email@example.com SnapGear -- a Secure Computing Company PHONE: +61 7 3435 2888 825 Stanley St, FAX: +61 7 3891 3630 Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia WEB: http://www.SnapGear.com --
That's unfortunate, if you're using FDPIC-ELF or BFLT-XIP, you really want to kmalloc() one region for code (i.e. mmap not the whole file), and one separate for data. Asking for a single larger region sometimes creates much higher memory pressure while kmalloc() attempts to defragment by evicting everything. But that's fiddly to do right in general. The natural thing for AXFS to do to support no-MMU FDPIC-ELF or BFLT-XIP is store the code segment uncompressed and contiguous, and the data segment however the filesystem prefers, and the profiling information to work out where these are is readily available from the mmap() calls, which are always the same when an executable is run. -- Jamie --
Hi Jamie, That is what the BFLT loader does. For the XIP case it mmap()s the text directly from the file, and then mmap()s a second region for the data/bss (reading the data into that region). I was referring to general mmap() of a file case above, not Yep. Regards Greg ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Greg Ungerer -- Chief Software Dude EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com SnapGear -- a Secure Computing Company PHONE: +61 7 3435 2888 825 Stanley St, FAX: +61 7 3891 3630 Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia WEB: http://www.SnapGear.com --
I'm using XIP on a device with 32MB RAM. The reason I use it is _partly_ to save RAM, partly because programs start about 10 times faster (reading NOR flash is slow and I keep the XIP region in RAM) and partly because it reduces memory fragmentation. -- Jamie --
What kind of NOR you using? That is not what I measure with fast synchronous burst NOR's. --
I think the "fast" in "fast synchronous" gives it away :-) I'm using Spansion MirrorBit S29GL128N, which reads at about 0.6 MByte/s. Not because they're good, but because that's what the board I'm coding for has on it. I presume they were cheap and familiar to the board designers. (There is 32MB of RAM to play with after all.) So start a sequence of Busybox processes from a shell script is noticable, if it reads from NOR each time. Oh, and it's a 166MHz ARM, so it's quite capable of decompressing faster than the NOR can deliver. -- Jamie --
By the way, what speeds do you get on fast synchronous burst NORs - and which chips are those? Thanks, -- Jamie --
I am only familiar with the Numonyx product line up. If you are using a GL, you'll probably find our P33 a good fit and at competitive prices to GL as I understand it. That's I think 50Mhz. M18 is 100Mhz maybe a little higher. And we just announced our LPDDR 266 part, Velocity LP. A good way of making a rough estimate of read performance is to measure a cache miss latency and convert that to bandwidth. It's usually fairly close. 32Byte cache size / 16 bit bus = 16 word transfers memory controller latency (time from Load instruction to bus activity) = ~300ns (upto 450ns for some processors) initial latency (time to read first word) = ~100ns (60ns - 120ns) clock frequency (time between words) = 50Mhz = 20ns per word bus clean up = ~50ns 32Bytes = 300ns + 100ns + (16 - 1) * 20ns + 50ns = 750ns = 32B/750ns = 40MB/s This is a very simple model and reality is much more nuanced. You also need to check my assume numbers with the reality of your system. Also this doesn't take copying the data to RAM into account which is usually what you are really measuring. That's easy to model though. A rule of thumb is to say that copying to RAM will reduce this value less than 50% because RAM should be at least a little faster than NOR. Nevertheless, If you can't use a simple calculation like this to explain the numbers then you have a poorly configured bus timings or have your cache off. Cache is important because it would make the equation look like this, or worse. 4Bytes = 300ns + 100ns + 1 * 20ns + 50ns = 470ns =4B/470ns =8MB/s For a PXA270 if you go with the defaults it can look like this. 2Bytes = 300ns + 250ns + 250ns = 800ns = 2MB/s So, If you are only getting 0.6MB/s out of your NOR..... You're using it wrong. --
What's a GL? Never heard of it - all I can think of is OpenGL :-) I'm using a Sigma Designs 862x media processor. It clocks at 166MHz to main RAM, has an ARM internally to run Linux, and the intensive work happens in coprocessors. The NOR is not on the RAM bus, it's on a "peripheral bus". About the only thing I know about the bus is it's 16 bits wide - I have the schematic, but only the board supplier has I'm not sure if cache is an option with this device - but would it make a difference anyway? Launching executables like Busybox - those are much larger than the cache anyway, so launch time is dominated by bulk streaming copy speed. Thanks for the idea, I'll look into whether it's possible to access this 'peripheral bus' through the Interesting, thanks. I'm not sure it's possible to change the way NOR is being used with this chip, and it'll be a while before it's economical to replace the board with a new design. This is all very interesting - I had no prior experience with NOR, so didn't know that 0.6MB/s was slow. It's fast compared with older EEPROMs after all, and had imagined that people wanting fast flash would use NAND. On looking at the datasheet, I see it's quite a lot faster. I'm suspecting the Sigma Designs perpheral bus and the way it's wired up not doing it any favours. We already have the weirdness that we have to patch the Linux CFI-0002 MTD code: the CPU locks up when polling the erase status byte, until erase is finished. Unfortunately this is difficult to change now - I'm programming hardware which is already out in the field and cannot be redesigned. Thanks for your thoughts. -- Jamie --
Well the first read takes 100ns (plus the other chipset overhead 300ns) but other reads in a page are only an extra 25ns each. So your benefit is not from having the entire executable in cache it's from having the next 7 instructions in the cacheline for only an extra 25ns Usually these things can be fixed in the bootloader or by hacking the kernel to tweak the relevant chipset registers. --
I'm using a S29GL064N chip. Going through linux and /dev/mtd I get 13.5 MB/sec and reading directly from the chips give 15 MB/sec. I've not mapped the chip cached and I'm not using the page burst mode. That would help a lot certainly, but the current flash speed isn't much of a bottleneck. --
NAND is significantly faster when writing than NOR, read speed is of the same magnitude, possibly slower in many cases. /Ricard -- Ricard Wolf Wanderlöf ricardw(at)axis.com Axis Communications AB, Lund, Sweden www.axis.com Phone +46 46 272 2016 Fax +46 46 13 61 30 "With Free Software you are employing the best programmers on the planet" --
Right. Specifically, read bandwidth is on the same order of magnitude. However the read latency of NAND is a couple orders of magnitude higher (100ns vs 20,000ns) so it depends on what you are doing. --
> I think the "fast" in "fast synchronous" gives it away :-) I think you should get more like an order of magnitude higher.... Get an expert to look at your timings in the bootloader. Make sure things Depends on how you are measuring it. You ought to be able to get at least 2 orders of magnitude higher read speeds with a good sync Flash. Some of the newer stuff is even faster. --
Yes, looking at the Spansion datasheet, if it were interfaced properly it should be quite fast. (25ns access time for in-page 16-bit reads, 100ns for random reads). I'll see if ioremap_cached() makes a difference to streaming read performance. The BSP suppliers have been quite cautious in places, flushing cache a bit too often. (I'm not surprised - we had disk ext3 filesystem Thanks. Oh, how I look forward to the day of working with current kernels and current hardware. -- Jamie --
The key for XIP on noMMU would be the ability to store a file as one complete contiguous chunk. Can AXFS do this? Regards Greg ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Greg Ungerer -- Chief Software Dude EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com Secure Computing Corporation PHONE: +61 7 3435 2888 825 Stanley St, FAX: +61 7 3891 3630 Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia WEB: http://www.SnapGear.com --
Or more generally, the mmap'd parts of a file. XIP doesn't mmap the whole file, it just maps the code and rodata. The data segment is copied. AXFS's magic for keeping parts of the file uncompressed, but parts compressed, would be good for this - both for space saving, and also because decompressing compressed data from NOR is faster than reading uncompressed data. -- Jamie --
Hi Jared, The version in SVN seems to be slightly older than the one you submitted? Which platform(s) do you use for testing? I gave AxFS a try on PS3 (ppc64, always use big-endian 64-bit for testing new code ;-). When mounting the image, I got the crash below: | attempt to access beyond end of device | loop0: rw=0, want=4920, limit=4912 | Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000028 | Faulting instruction address: 0xd000000000037988 | Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#1] | SMP NR_CPUS=2 PS3 | Modules linked in: axfs zlib_inflate nfsd exportfs dm_crypt dm_mod sg joydev evdev | NIP: d000000000037988 LR: d000000000037974 CTR: 0000000000000000 | REGS: c00000000c1e3240 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.27-rc4-dirty) | MSR: 8000000000008032 <EE,IR,DR> CR: 24044482 XER: 20000000 | DAR: 0000000000000028, DSISR: 0000000040000000 | TASK = c0000000068d4e40[1744] 'mount' THREAD: c00000000c1e0000 CPU: 0 | GPR00: d000000000037974 c00000000c1e34c0 d000000000043f30 c00000000c1e36a0 | GPR04: 000000000000013e 000000000000013e c00000000c1e2eb0 0000000000000002 | GPR08: c00000000058de80 0000000000000001 c0000000068d4e40 c00000000c1e34c0 | GPR12: 8000000000008032 c000000000671300 0000000010020000 00000000ff80bec1 | GPR16: 0000000010023dc8 0000000010023db8 00000000ff80bed1 0000000010023e00 | GPR20: 0000000000000001 0000000010023e38 c00000000c1e36a0 c00000000c1d5000 | GPR24: 0000000000000000 0000000000000004 0000000000266000 0000000000000000 | GPR28: 0000000000001000 0000000000000004 d0000000000438e0 c00000000c1e34c0 | NIP [d000000000037988] .axfs_copy_block+0xa0/0x144 [axfs] | LR [d000000000037974] .axfs_copy_block+0x8c/0x144 [axfs] | Call Trace: | [c00000000c1e34c0] [d000000000037974] .axfs_copy_block+0x8c/0x144 [axfs] (unreliable) | [c00000000c1e3580] [d000000000035f20] .axfs_copy_metadata+0x154/0x1cc [axfs] | [c00000000c1e3630] [d000000000035fd8] .axfs_verify_eofs_magic+0x40/0xa0 [axfs] | [c00000000c1e36c0] [d000000000036678] ...
Offset 0x28 is buffer_head->b_data, so it seems like sb_bread returns NULL, which it does for out of range block numbers. I guess axfs_copy_block should check for that condition, as it can happen on malicious file system images. I agree that this is likely to get caused by an endianess bug. A good help for finding endianess bugs is to use __be64 like data types everywhere and test with sparse -D__CHECK_ENDIAN__. Arnd --
> The version in SVN seems to be slightly older than the one you submitted? Oops. Okay I must have neglected to sync at the very end. Thanks. I forgot, there is also a git repo at Yeah we've had this problem before. I'm not so sure this is an endian Can you run mkfs.axfs on the same trivial directory on both ia32 and PPC64 and then get me the resulting images? --
Ah, little endian. From your good relationship with the s390 developers, I had hoped you would I'll send them by private email. With kind regards, Geert Uytterhoeven Software Architect Sony Techsoft Centre Europe The Corporate Village
Haha, we let you sort out the endianess issues first and then take the easy path :-). We have'nt tried it yet so far. --
git.infradead.org is a big-endian box, and I know you have an account there... -- David Woodhouse Open Source Technology Centre firstname.lastname@example.com Intel Corporation --
Interestingly, it also doesn't work on UserModeLinux (x86, 32-bit): | attempt to access beyond end of device | loop0: rw=0, want=24, limit=16 | | EIP: 0073:[<0811ec67>] CPU: 0 Not tainted ESP: 007b:19515c38 EFLAGS: 00210212 | Not tainted | EAX: 00000000 EBX: 00001000 ECX: 19484aa0 EDX: 190d9f0c | ESI: 195ee000 EDI: 19515cd0 EBP: 19515c6c DS: 007b ES: 007b | 08247af0: [<08069ba3>] show_regs+0xb4/0xb9 | 08247b1c: [<080591ee>] segv+0x222/0x23a | 08247bbc: [<08059296>] segv_handler+0x90/0x9a | 08247c68: [<080649b8>] sig_handler_common+0x63/0x72 | 08247ce0: [<08064cac>] sig_handler+0x31/0x3d | 08247cec: [<08064c0b>] handle_signal+0x4c/0x7a | 08247d0c: [<08066327>] hard_handler+0xf/0x14 | 08247d1c: [<005c0420>] 0x5c0420 | | Kernel panic - not syncing: Kernel mode fault at addr 0x14, ip 0x811ec67 | | EIP: 0073:[<4010a44e>] CPU: 0 Not tainted ESP: 007b:bfa323a0 EFLAGS: 00200246 | Not tainted | EAX: ffffffda EBX: 080595f8 ECX: 080595c8 EDX: 080595d8 | ESI: c0ed0000 EDI: 00000000 EBP: bfa323d8 DS: 007b ES: 007b | 08247a5c: [<08069ba3>] show_regs+0xb4/0xb9 | 08247a88: [<08059462>] panic_exit+0x25/0x3b | 08247a9c: [<08083642>] notifier_call_chain+0x27/0x4c | 08247ac4: [<0808367e>] __atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x17/0x19 | 08247ad4: [<08083695>] atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x15/0x17 | 08247af0: [<0806fd87>] panic+0x52/0xd8 | 08247b10: [<080591fc>] segv+0x230/0x23a | 08247bbc: [<08059296>] segv_handler+0x90/0x9a | 08247c68: [<080649b8>] sig_handler_common+0x63/0x72 | 08247ce0: [<08064cac>] sig_handler+0x31/0x3d | 08247cec: [<08064c0b>] handle_signal+0x4c/0x7a | 08247d0c: [<08066327>] hard_handler+0xf/0x14 | 08247d1c: [<005c0420>] 0x5c0420 Commandline is `mount image.axfs /mnt -o loop -t axfs'. Is there something wrong with the axfs version you submitted, or with mkfs.axfs? With kind regards, Geert Uytterhoeven Software Architect Sony Techsoft Centre Europe The Corporate Village
I found what's wrong. The size of an AxFS image created by mkfs.axfs is always n*4096+4 bytes large. So when it wants to check the magic value in the last 4 bytes, the block layer tries to read a whole 512-byte sector, which fails for loop-mounted images. If you test on real FLASH, additional bytes after the end of the AxFS image can be read, hence it works. By padding the image with 508 zero bytes, I can mount it, on both PS3 (ppc64) and UML (ai32). I can even read images created on PS3. However, there still are weird things going on, like `find' not seeing all files and directories, or just aborting, and `ls -lR' showing actual file contents in its output. With kind regards, Geert Uytterhoeven Software Architect Sony Techsoft Centre Europe The Corporate Village
Right. We haven't tested loopback since we added the magic end value. How is one expected to read those last 4 bytes of a loopbacked file? Are they unreadable? We can add the padding. I am just wondering if this is a bug or a known limitation in the loopback handling or if there is a different safer way of reading block devs with truncated Do you see this behavior for all builds for just the PS3? --
Can't you just include the final magic into the last block, thereby making the size a clean multiple of 4k? It looks as if you have some padding before the magic anyway. So you just have to make sure the padding is at least 4 bytes and write the magic to the end of it. Apart from solving this bug, it should also save you some space. ;) Jörn -- Invincibility is in oneself, vulnerability is in the opponent. -- Sun Tzu --
I'm going to have to look into this n*4K thing. The image doesn't need to be aligned. There shouldn't be any last block to put the magic in. But I haven't messed with the mkfs.axfs code for a while. --
The `find' issue I saw on both PS3 (ppc64) and UML (ia32). The `ls -lR' I tried on UML (ia32) only for now. With kind regards, Geert Uytterhoeven Software Architect Sony Techsoft Centre Europe The Corporate Village
Geert, Thanks for giving it a spin, especially on a platform as different from ours as the PS3. Before I dig more into what happened, I was wondering if you could tell me a bit more about your environment, particularly how you supplied the filesystem to the kernel and your mount commandline (also, if you used a boot commandline, what it was.) My first guess would be a ppc64 compiled UML session, but I'd like to be a bit more sure. Will Marone --
Nope, I just built axfs as a module and insmoded it. After that mount image.axfs /mnt -o loop -t axfs So nothing fancy. With kind regards, Geert Uytterhoeven Software Architect Sony Techsoft Centre Europe The Corporate Village


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Avenue Q at Paper Wing Theatre
- When: Friday, January 4, 2013, 8 p.m.
- Where: Paper Wing Theatre, Monterey
- Cost: $22 - $25
- Age limit: 13+
- Categories: Performance art, Music | Musical, Pop, Theater
Take "Sesame Street," change the puppet protagonists from frogs and furry garbage monsters to college grads and their crazy neighbors, add some expletives, existential crises and wacky musical numbers, and you've got "Avenue Q." The Tony award-winning musical has raised eyebrows for its raunchy content (puppets peeping porn? Scandalous!), but it's also garnered praise for its witty script and singable score. The ballsy Paper Wing Theatre Company crew are the perfect players to put on a show with songs like "I'm Not Wearing Underwear Today." [RR]
8pm Fri-Sat; through Jan. 19. Paper Wing Theatre, 320 Hoffman Ave. at Lighthouse Avenue, Monterey. $25/general admission; $22/seniors, students and military. 905-5684, www.PaperWing.com.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


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Lake County pauses to remember veterans on Memorial Day
This morning, veterans and community volunteers will be participating in an annual ritual of remembrance and honor—placing small American flags near the graves of over 1,000 service men and women throughout Lake County.
RELATED CONTENTWarming Lake Superior already affecting fish
Warm water might already be changing the makeup and distribution of fish in Lake Superior, a new study suggests.
RELATED CONTENTNSCS teacher honored for classroom innovation
The rainy weather on Monday kept Anne Wiszowaty's second-grade class indoors—an anomaly, she said. The class typically gets outside at least once a day.
RELATED CONTENTThanks to transplant, Bergman is back to work and breathing easily
After a lung transplant and three months at a hospital in Pittsburgh, Lake County Commissioner Paul Bergman returned to Two Harbors at the end of April, just in time to experience some late-season snow storms.
RELATED CONTENTHe's graduating with honors — at age 73
Whoever said you can't teach an old dog new tricks, never met Dewey Pihlman.
RELATED CONTENTArchitectural Antiques expanding in Two Harbors
A decade-old Two Harbors business has found a new home—in a century-old building.
RELATED CONTENTSonday, THHS alum, in the big leagues
In spite of his demanding schedule, Dan Sonday says he loves his work. He's a 2006 graduate of Two Harbors High School and later earned a master's degree in sports medicine from the College of St. Scholastica.


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The New iPad Moulded Folio Case is made from full-grain leather and tough moulded plastic. Designed to accommodate Apple's New iPad (3rd and 4th Generations), it offers a luxurious way of protecting your iPad, while aiding its use. -Case can be used in 3 ways: to protect your iPad on the move, opened into upright position for viewing movies, folded into raised position for typing. -Magnetic closure on flap 'wakes' your iPad up when opened, & sends it to sleep when closed -Form-fitted rubberised case -Easy access to headphone jack/speaker -30 pin USB point -Unique 'If Lost' ID number to help reunite you with your knomo if lost -Fits New iPad (3rd and 4th Generations) and iPad 2
Product code: 14-073-TBR Colour: Teaberry
7 Review(s)


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Saratoga County, Northeast prepare for Hurricane Sandy's intense arrival (WITH STORM TRACKER)
NEW YORK — Big cities from Washington to Boston buttoned up Sunday against the onslaught of a superstorm that could menace some 50 million people in the most heavily populated corridor in the nation, with forecasters warning New York could be in particular peril.
"The time for preparing and talking is about over," Federal Emergency Management Administrator Craig Fugate warned as Hurricane Sandy made its way up the Atlantic on a collision course with two other weather systems that could turn it into one of the most fearsome storms on record in the U.S. "People need to be acting now."
Hugh Johnson, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service in Albany, said the Capital Region will probably only experience several inches of rain, but wind gusts are expected to reach 20 to 30 mph this morning and increase in strength.
"Winds are the main driving force of this storm. On Monday, from 6 p.m. to 2 a.m., the winds will peak around 60 mph and have the capacity to bring down trees and power lines and cause power outages," he said.
Saratoga County Director of Emergency Services Paul Lent said the county has not yet released shelter information because shelter locations are not definite.
He said the most dangerous places during the storm will be elevations above 1500 feet because winds will be 10 to 15 mph more.
Because a large quantity of generators were sold recently as county residents prepared for the storm, Lent voiced concern that there will be a lot of first-time generator users during Hurricane Sandy.
"If people have gas-powered generators, they can only use them in a well-ventilated area outside of the house, and before they energize the house they need to make sure they are disconnected from the power grid system," he said.
Lent said there have been fatalities because people did not throw the main breaker in their house before using a generator. Continued...
The Northeastern New York Red Cross Regional Communications Director Caroline Boardman said the organization is currently mobilizing volunteers and supplies and assessing shelter sites. She said a disaster operations center was opened Sunday morning in Albany.
Boardman said volunteers from California, Illinios, Wisconsin and Georgia were deployed to the Capital Region.
"We have been preparing for the storm since Thursday. We have volunteers and supplies sufficient enough to open 17 shelters on short notice, with one in Saratoga County," she said.
Allerdice Home Improvement Center on Walworth Street in Saratoga Springswas sold out of generators and D batteries, manager TR Pernell said, but a shipment of batteries was expected to arrive today. Sump pumps and flashlights were also selling quickly, he said.
In preparation for the storm, airlines canceled more than 5,000 flights and Amtrak began suspending train service across the Northeast. New York and Philadelphia moved to shut down their subways, buses and trains Sunday night and announced that schools would be closed Monday. Boston, Washington and Baltimore also called off school.
As rain from the leading edges of the hurricane began to fall over the Northeast, tens of thousands of people in coastal areas from Maryland to Connecticut were under orders to clear out Sunday. That included 50,000 in Delaware alone and 30,000 in Atlantic City, N.J., where the city's 12 casinos were forced by Gov. Chris Christie to shut down for only the fourth time in the 34-year history of legalized gambling there.
Sandy, a Category 1 hurricane with sustained winds of 75 mph as of Sunday afternoon, was blamed for 65 deaths in the Caribbean before it began churning up the Eastern Seaboard. It was expected to hook left toward the mid-Atlantic coast and come ashore late Monday or early Tuesday, most likely in New Jersey, colliding with a wintry storm moving in from the west and cold air streaming down from the Arctic.
Forecasters said the monster combination could bring close to a foot of rain, a potentially lethal storm surge and punishing winds extending hundreds of miles outward from the storm's center. It could also dump up to 2 feet of snow in Kentucky, North Carolina and West Virginia.
Louis Uccellini, environmental prediction chief for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, told The Associated Press that given Sandy's east-to-west track into New Jersey, the worst of the storm surge could be just to the north, in New York City, Long Island and northern New Jersey. By some estimates, the metropolitan area could get slammed with an 11-foot wall of water.
"Yes, this is the worst-case scenario," Uccellini said. Continued...
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg warned people in low-lying areas of lower Manhattan and Queens to get out.
"If you don't evacuate, you are not only endangering your life, you are also endangering the lives of the first responders who are going in to rescue you," he said. "This is a serious and dangerous storm."
New York called off school Monday for the city's 1.1 million students and announced it would suspend all train, bus and subway service Sunday night because of the risk of flooding, shutting down a system on which more than 5 million riders a day depend.
The storm forced President Barack Obama and Mitt Romney to rearrange their campaign schedules in the crucial closing days of the presidential race. And early voting Monday in Maryland was canceled.
Saratogian reporter Caitlin Morris contributed to this report.
"In times like this, one of the things that Americans do is we pull together and we help out one another," the president said in Washington. "And so, there may be elderly populations in your area. Check on your neighbor, check on your friend. Make sure that they are prepared. If we do, then we're going to get through this storm just fine."
At least twice as many train passengers as usual crowded the Amtrak waiting area Sunday morning at New York's Penn Station. Many were trying to leave New York earlier than planned.
The noon and 1 p.m. trains to Boston were sold out. Randall Ross, a bookseller from Shreveport, La., and his traveling companion, Mary McCombs, were waiting for an Amtrak train to Syracuse, the destination they chose after attempts to book flights through eight other cities failed.
"I just want to be somewhere else except New York City," said McCombs, who will stay with friends in Syracuse until she and Ross can get a flight. "I don't want to risk it."
Despite the dire warnings, some souls were refusing to budge. Continued...
Jonas Clark of Manchester Township, N.J. — right in the area where Sandy was projected to come ashore — stood outside a convenience store Sunday, calmly sipping a coffee and wondering why people were working themselves "into a tizzy."
"I've seen a lot of major storms in my time, and there's nothing you can do but take reasonable precautions and ride out things the best you can," said Clark, 73. "Nature's going to what it's going to do. It's great that there's so much information out there about what you can do to protect yourself and your home, but it all boils down basically to 'use your common sense."' In New Jersey, Denise Faulkner and her boyfriend showed up at the Atlantic City Convention Center with her 7-month-old daughter and two sons, ages 3 and 12, thinking there was a shelter there. She was dismayed to learn that it was just a gathering point for buses to somewhere else. Last year, they were out of their home for two days because of Hurricane Irene.
"I'm real overwhelmed," she said as baby Zahiriah, wrapped in a pink blanket with embroidered elephants, slept in a car seat. "We're at it again. Last year we had to do it. This year we have to do it. And you have to be around all sorts of people — strangers. It's a bit much."
Mark Palazzolo was floored when a Facebook plea brought out 30 people Sunday — mostly strangers — to help fill sandbags to protect his bait and tackle shop in Point Pleasant Beach, N.J. One man drove more than two hours to pitch in.
"I think this one's going to do us in," said Palazzolo, who used the same wood he boarded up the store with in past storms, crossing out the names of hurricanes Isaac and Irene, and spray-painting "Sandy" next to them. "I got a call from a friend of mine from Florida last night who said, 'Mark. Get out! If it's not the storm, it'll be the aftermath. People are going to be fighting in the streets over gasoline and food."' ——— Breed reported from Raleigh, N.C.; Contributing to this report were AP Science Writer Seth Borenstein in Washington; Emery Dalesio in Nags Head, N.C.; Wayne Parry in Point Pleasant Beach, N.J.; and Dave Dishneau in Wilmington, Del.
Saratogian reporter Caitlin Morris contributed to this report.
See inaccurate information in a story? Other feedback and/or ideas for us to consider? Tell us here.
What should we investigate? Have a tip you want us to look into? Tell us here.
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- Albany mainstay Greenhouse Salad Co. to open in July at Market Center on Railroad Place (34)
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Information Systems Degrees and Programs Offered in Pennsylvania (PA)
Continue your education with Strayer University. We offer convenient degree options designed with the working adult in mind — study online, on campus in the evening and weekends, or through a combination of both.
- AA: Information Systems
- MBA: Information Systems Management
- MSIS: Computer Security Management
- BSIS: Homeland Security Management
- MSIS: Enterprise Network Management
As the largest private university in North America, University of Phoenix has locations nationwide, and is available online in most countries around the world. Whether you're seeking a college degree at an associate's, bachelor's, master's, or doctoral level, we can help you reach your academic goal and sooner than you might think.
- BS in Information Technology-Information System Security
- BS in Information Technology - Information Management
- BS in Information Technology-Multimedia and Visual Comm
DeVry University provides quality education that employers respect, and is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association (ncahlc.org), the same organization that accredits many other well-known public and private schools.
- Bachelor's - Computer Information Systems
- Bachelor's - Business Administration - Business Information Systems
- Graduate Certificate-Information Security
- Bachelor's - Computer Information Systems - Information Systems Security
- Bachelor's - Computer Information Systems - Business Management
Get a hands-on education at Lincoln Technical Institute. Designed for today's tough job market, our in-depth programs cover many fields including: Health Sciences, Business and Information Technology, Hospitality, Automotive Technology, HVAC Technology and Electrical Systems Technology. Financial Aid is available for those who qualify. Programs vary by campus.
Fortis Institute can give you the skills you need to train for a career in the healthcare field.
* Programs vary by location
* Please contact each individual campus for accreditation information
- CIS - Programming
Get hands-on training with YTI Career Institute. We offer accelerated diploma and associate degree programs in trades and technical, computers, medical, business, criminal justice and first response, and culinary arts.
- Computer Systems Specialist - (ASB)
Earn a degree at Central Penn College and achieve your career goals. Choose from bachelor and associate degree programs in criminal justice, business, and technology.
- Bachelor in Information Technology


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ENGL 101 Reading and Composition
hours lecture,
Letter Grade or Pass/No Pass Option
Description: This course is designed for transfer-level students or for those who want to develop competence in college level reading and composition. In this course, students read, analyze, discuss and think critically using a variety of works and sources. Based on these activities, students write essays, fully documented research projects, and other types of texts for various purposes and audiences. This written work, which demonstrates effective, logical, and precise expression of ideas, totals at least 6000 graded words. Designated sections of this course may be taught from a specific cultural perspective.
Check the Online Class Schedule for information about course Prerequisites, Co-requisites, Enrollment Limitations and Advisory information .
Degree Link
This course can help you earn the following degree(s) or certificate(s):
- Black Studies - Associate in Arts
- Business Administration - Associate in Science
- Chicano Studies - Associate in Arts
- English - Associate in Arts
- Honors Global Competencies - Certificate of Performance
- Physical Therapist Assistant - Associate in Science
- Psychology for Transfer - Associate in Arts
- Radiologic Technology - Associate in Science
- Radiologic Technology - Certificate of Achievement


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Summer - Slim&Secure Video Mon - Pink


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The reigning NL Cy Young winner will appear in a Blue Jays uniform in 2013 as they make a run at AL East supremacy -- assuming the sides can work out a deal. The report says Dickey has until Tuesday at 2 p.m. ET to agree to the extension.
According to FoxSports.com, there is a tentative agreement in place to send the knuckleballer to Toronto, where he would join fellow newcomers Josh Johnson and Mark Buehrle in a bulked-up rotation.
Dickey currently is under contract for 2013 at $5 million.
Before the trade, he sought an additional $26 million to $28 million over two years from the Mets.
An official involved in the trade discussions said 23-year-old Blue Jays catching prospect Travis d'Arnaud would be the centerpiece coming to New York in any deal.
Multiple reports indicate the Mets also will acquire catcher John Buck, Class A right-hander Noah Syndergaard and cash while sending catcher Josh Thole to Toronto.


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Applied Psychology Series
The objective of the Applied Psychology Series is to offer publications that emphasize state-of-the-art research and its application to important issues of human behavior in a variety of societal settings.
The objective is to bridge both academic and applied interests. To date, more than 45 books in various fields of applied psychology have been published in this series.
If you are interested in joining this prestigious list of authors, please contact Jeanette Cleveland (email: firstname.lastname@example.com ), Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA 16802, phone: 814-863-1712, or Anne Duffy, Senior Editor, Psychology Press (email: firstname.lastname@example.com ).


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School of Adult & Graduate Education (SAGE)
Call (716) 880-2200 to schedule your visit!
The Leadership Management Council will host its Leadership Development Series with a presentation. Register here.
Please join us for an opportunity to learn about how our PsyD program educates and trains students for careers as licensed psychologists
The second annual Homeland Security Lecture Series at the Amherst Campus.
Please join us to learn first-hand how students manage going back to school while juggling work, family and everyday life in our Associates and Bachelors in Business Administration Degrees as well as our Master's in Business Administration and Master's in Organizational Leadership.
Join us for an opportunity to complete the admissions process and receive an instant admission decision. (available for most programs).
Complete our online application and bring the following materials for an on-the-spot admission review:
Undergraduates: official transcripts from all colleges/universities attended; or high school transcript/GED if you have less than 24 credit hours
Graduates: official transcripts from all colleges/universities attended, two completed reference forms, admission essay.
Please join us for a chance to learn more about the Medaille Canadian Education Programs.
Enjoy a free coffee and learn about the Medaille graduate education programs.
Play for fun or play for prizes but definitely play! Join us for a full day including golf or join us for the dinner and auction.
Orientation at Medaille College assists new students and their families in their successful transition to our institution.
Medaille College and Buffalo Public Schools are partnering to present the ninth annual Speak Your Mind arts and writing journal unveiling on June 5.
Project EQUIP Steering Group & Title III Co-Acticity Director announce Faculty Development Events for June & August 2013.
Videos from Friday's Medaille College Commencement ceremonies at Kleinhans Music Hall are available on YouTube.
Here is a photo gallery from the April 24 Founders' Day Celebration at the Hotel @ The Lafayette.
The Class of 2017's Summer Reading Program selection is Nicholas Carr's, The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains.
Medaille students set a New York State record with 23 students stuffed in the bug on Wednesday, May 1.
Dr. Bowker's new book, Rethinking Absurdity: Albert Camus, Postmodernity, and the Survival of Innocence, will be published this year by Routledge.
Here is the online version of the April 29 edition of the Perspective student newspaper.
Medaille alum Eileen Buckley of WBFO-FM receives Pinnacle Award at Buffalo Excellence in Media Awards.
Medaille College has announced its Dean's List for non-traditional fall 2012 term that ended in April at the Amherst and Rochester Campuses.
Here is the spring edition of the student magazine, INcite.
On Friday, April 5, Academic Affairs held the eighth annual Faculty Recognition Reception in the Commons Café on the Buffalo Campus.
Adjunct professor Judy Bradbury recently delivered the keynote address at the New York State Association for the Education of Young Children's conference.
The Medaille Perspective student newspaper was featured in the April 22 higher education column in Business First.
Here are photos from the April 18 Write Thing Reading Series presentation by author Rachel B. Glaser.
Medaille College hosted the Students Advancing Global Entrepreneurship competition with Riverside High School in the Sullivan Campus Center on Wednesday, April 17.
Professor Steven MacMartin was interviewed on WBFO and Channel 2 regarding security following the Boston Marathon attack.
On April 12, Medaille College hosted its first Relay for Life with more than 235 participants raising $16,560 for the American Cancer Society.
The Center for Community-Based Learning partnered with Journey's End on a recent project. Here is a video overview of the project.
The Athletic Department hosted a breakfast on April 9 to commemorate Division III Athletics Week.


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Daily Freeman (dailyfreeman.com), Serving the Hudson Valley since 1871
Tuesday, January 29, 2013
By MIKE STRIBL
Freeman staff
firstname.lastname@example.com; http://www.twitter.com/MStribl
KINGSTON, N.Y. — One of Kingston High's best all-around efforts of the season has netted the Tigers a Section 9 girls basketball postseason berth.
The (7-5) Tigers qualified for a playoff berth Tuesday night with the 70-47 Orange County Interscholastic Athletic Association Division I victory over Pine Bush.
"It's hard to believe way back in December we won by two against them," Kingston coach Steve Garner noted.
Shantyce Brodhead (11 points and six assists), CeCe VanDyke (10 points, six assists, three steals), Erica Prindle (10 points, three steals) and Lyric Blanch (seven steals, all in the first half) paced the solid Tiger showing.
"I'm really happy because we played like a team tonight," Brodhead said.
"I was very pleased. I thought everyone played well," Garner said.
"This is a team that we should beat and beat at home, but that hasn't happened a lot this year. I felt we did what we had to do."
Brodhead, who had struggled offensively lately, set the tone in the first minute by assisting on two Logan Brennan baskets.
"What I saw of her tonight was right before it started," Garner said. "I saw a different Shantyce. It was a look. one that said, 'I'm ready to go.'"
All eleven players scored for Kingston, including three-point field goals from five different players; points from freshman Prindle, who started for center Alisia Lacey (sprained ankle); and points from the newest member of the team.
Chloe Chaffin, a seventh-grader who led the junior varsity in scoring, was called up during the two-week hiatus.
She played the final 4:42 and finished with her first three varsity points, including a long baseline jumper off a VanDyke assist.
"We got Chloe initiated. You could see she fits in with this group," said Garner.
Chaffin became the first seventh-grader in Garner's 26 years as coach to be brought up during the regular season.
Only three other seventh-graders have been promoted to the Tiger varsity, but they postseason call-ups: Kerry Purvis (1991), Rachel Coffey and Taylor Leonard (both 2005).
The Tigers (3-1 in the division), shot 37 percent from the field (28-for-75) and had 20 steals.
"We all worked together. With Michaela Jerkowski and Alisia out, we really did have to fill a lot of open spots because they're a big part of our team," Brodhead said.
"We all stepped up as one. We got a good win tonight."
Kingston led only 13-10 after the first quarter, but defense and unselfish play led to a 39-21 burst in the middle quarters.
Crysti Eichner (16 points) and 6-foot, 2-1/4-inch eighth-grader Kate Cain (13 points) kept (0-5, 1-9) Pine Bush battling.
The Lady Bushmen rallied from 12 back to get within 28-23 before halftime.
Kingston, however, got two baskets in the final 40 seconds then capitalized on six turnovers for a 14-1 salvo to start the second half to regain control.
Cain (who scored 19 in the teams' first meeting) was stifled by Tori Salomani's physical play.
PINE BUSH (47)—Palacios 1 2-6 4, Eichner 4 8-12 16, McCabe 0 1-3 1, Gage 0 0-0 0, King 1 4-5 6, Cain 6 1-2 13, Pinto 1 0-1 2, Mitchell 1 0-0 2, Torres 0 3-4 3, Souffrant 0 0-0 0, Bjorke 0 0-0 0. Totals 14 19-33 47.
KINGSTON (70)—VanDyke 5 0-0 10, Blanch 1 2-2 4, Brennan 4 0-0 8, Prindle 3 3-4 10, Brodhead 5 0-0 11, McComb 2 1-1 6, McCardle 1 0-0 3, Salomani 1 0-0 2, Crump 3 0-0 6, Brodhead-Trimm 2 0-0 6, Chaffin 1 1-2 3. Totals 28 7-9 70.
Pine Bush 10 13 8 16—47
Kingston 13 19 20 18—70
3-point field goals: Brodhead-Trimm 2, Prindle, Brodhead, McComb, McCardle.
Team records: Pine Bush 0-5 OCIAA Division I, 1-9 overall; Kingston 3-1 OCIAA Division I, 7-5 overall.


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Acrylic Primed Cotton Duck Canvas – Tara Style 70by Fredrix
Tara Style 70 canvas is made of 100% cotton duck and is universally primed for all media. With its medium texture, good strength, and moderate price, Tara Style 70 is one of Fredrix's most popular canvases.
The canvas is made from the finest, select greige cottons and woven to rigid specifications. It's also been primed with non-acidic PH sizings.
Ask a question about Acrylic Primed Cotton Duck Canvas – Tara Style 70 Ask a question about this product Average User Rating: Based on (6 Reviews) Dan K. from San Diego, CA says: As professional in art business, I found on this site the best deal for canvas. A lot of choise and very good price.I will buy again for my artist. Please wait...
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Project Nursery: A *New* Ottoman for the Glider
June 3, 2011So this might be a little old hat for some of you DIYers out there, but just in case you're a little reserved on taking the plunge into basic upholstering (and you have a barstool or kitchen chair that's nagging at you), here's a recent project that we finished for the nursery that involves just that.
Our everyday average (but super comfy) glider received a makeover a few months ago, but the ottoman was slow to follow. It's finally a matching pair!
Basic Upholstery 101
Materials: Staple gun, fabric, scissors, batting or foam (this is optional depending on the current condition of your cushion – I didn't need extra batting/foam for this project but you could add quilt batting over the top of your foam for a little extra comfiness, or replace the foam altogether. You'll repeat step 1 with the batting first if you choose to add.)
{1.} When measuring and cutting out your fabric for your new cushion, be sure to account for the outside edge of the ottoman, stool, chair, etc that you're reupholstering. The top of my ottoman is only 20″x12″, but when I add the sides and extra hem space I'm cutting my fabric to 30″x22″ to allow for 5″ extra on each side (2″ for the lip of the ottoman and 3″ for the underside where I'll use the staple gun).
If your fabric involves a pattern, make sure that the pattern is aligned with your edges so that you don't end up with a crooked design.
{2.} Begin stapling at the center of each edge, pulling taut (but not too tight to avoid puckering) as you go. Now you should have a staple in the center on each of the horizontal and vertical edges. Flip ottoman over and examine the final look. If you've made any errors, now is the time to pull those simple four staples up (or just one edge) and start over.
{3.} There are two basic ways to achieve clean corners: the first is a fold (similar to wrapping a package) and the second is a gather. For a gathered look, I recommend stapling in two parts. First, gather your fabric on the right side of the corner and staple gather in the center. Next, gather the left side and staple again (this second staple should slightly overlap the first right-side gather so that the corner looks like one large gather). Flip ottoman over and observe your corner. If it looks good to you, finish the next three.
The second gather is folded slightly over the first to create a clean corner that's not going anywhere:
{4.} Now we want to fill in staples between the corners and center staple on each edge. You really want to make sure that your fabric is secure all the way around and always check for puckering before applying the next staple.
{5.} Your ottoman should be looking good! The last step is cutting any excess fabric from the edges.
Yay for a matching ottoman! For the other half of this project (updating a standard nursery glider), check out this link.
More Project Nursery posts: baby clothing art, handmade butterfly mobile, diy crib skirt, basket liners part 2, basket liners part 1, the great glider makeover, sewing the curtains part 1, part 2, part 3, nursery fabric board, curtain fabric selection, rocking horse find, new pendant light, new sconce lighting, vintage wall art addition, changing table makeover, nursery wall striping tutorial, painted animal project, the initial inspiration board and the before picture posts.
Tags: Crafty Solutions, Decorating, DIY, Home, Nursery, Sewing, Tutorial
Posted in Crafty Solutions, DIY, Home, Liv's Nursery, Renovating Adventures | 3 Comments »
3 Responses so far.
Looks great! In a few days I'll be sharing my little girl's room, almost finished!
Hi Morgan!
This looks beautiful! And your detailed instructions are just perfect – thank you for sharing. The entire nursery makeover is nothing short of amazing!
I really like the petal pillow against the chair fabric. Very cool, and such a comfy spot for rocking baby! -
Perfect, love the fabric choice, makes the glinder a pretty addition to the room! Janell


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"I think 'The tingling' at one point was trending on Twitter!," he says with a grin. "There's not so much tingling in this season. He's absolutely fine now."
A soapy Season 2
"Downton" has become a worldwide phenomenon, but by Season 2, many critics were complaining that the show had lost its way, with its messy tangle of melodramatic story lines. Along with Matthew's paralysis and dead fiancee there was a pregnant housemaid, the imprisonment of honorable valet Bates after he was convicted of murdering his ex-wife (with a poison pie) and the sudden appearance of an amnesiac, badly burned soldier who claimed to be Patrick Crawley, the rightful heir to Downton.
"You always know when you're walking a tightrope," producer Liz Trubridge says. "I think if you're creating drama, you've got to be a bit bold. And sometimes you think, 'That didn't work so well, so we won't do that again!'"
The idea had always been to start with "the deliciousness of that late Edwardian summer" in Season 1 and show it dismantled by war in Season 2. Trubridge says the third season returns "to the original idea of it being about the people who live in this house." That includes the newly engaged Matthew and Mary, and Bates and Anna, married but separated by prison bars. The new season also carries intimations of huge social shifts.
PHOTOS: Maggie Smith through the years
"The world has changed so much after the war," says Laura Carmichael. The actress who plays the sharp-tongued Lady Edith is sitting in her trailer, hair fashioned into a 1920s marcelle wave. "As the young, we're embracing the change. Lord Grantham wants everything to go back to how it was before — and you know it won't."
It is Lady Cora, Lord Grantham's wife — played by Elizabeth McGovern — who seems most adaptable, thanks to her all-American flexibility.
"We felt a clear way of stating that would be to remind the audience that Cora comes from a totally different tradition," says Fellowes, who writes and executive produces the series. How to do that? Bring in Shirley MacLaine to play Cora's irrepressibly American mother — the perfect foil to the high-traditionalism of Smith's Lady Violet.
"Violet is essentially nostalgic for the past, when people knew how to behave," Fellowes points out. Whereas MacLaine's character "is totally uncowed by the splendor and titles. That seems like a useful color to put into the show, because all of it's being questioned."
McGovern says that having MacLaine on set was "a breath of fresh air. She shook everyone up because she makes every room she walks into her own in a way that was really delightful."
"Her stories in between takes were what amazed me," says Leech. "She'd be going, 'When I opened for Frank in New York — oh, you know, Frank Sinatra...."
PHOTOS: Behind-the-scenes of 'Downton Abbey'
Leech says that one day he and Jim Carter (Carson the butler) begged her to sing. When she declined, they began quietly humming "If My Friends Could See Me Now" from "Sweet Charity."
"She just started singing it!" he says. "She couldn't help herself."
Realities of life
Carter looks utterly contemporary standing in his trailer in street clothes, talking about cricket. But that mellifluous voice is unmistakably Carson's.
"It would've been hell, wouldn't it?" he says of his character's life. "I think one of the reasons people like 'Downton' is it's a time, the way we portray it, when people were more secure in their worlds. But the reality of a butler and a housekeeper never getting married and being reliant on the generosity of their employers to look after them in their old age with no welfare state — it's pretty grim."
Although the fantasy element has deep appeal for American "Downton" fans, it has different layers for class-fixated Brits. Fellowes (Lord Fellowes of West Stafford to you) is posh himself and suggests his own fascination with class emerged from his childhood.
"I was a crossbreed, essentially," he says — meaning that his mother's family was middle class, whereas "my father came from landed gentry, and they pretty well all behaved badly to my mother, who they disapproved of." That gave him a sense, he continues, "that I was on both sides. And in 'Downton,' I think I am on both sides. I don't think any group on the show is any worse morally or philosophically than any other group."


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GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX - Banana Cream
6 lb(s).350153
Price: $75.99
Free Membership with $10 Purchase! Details
Buy One Get One 50% Off, Mix and Match! Details
See all available promotionsAVAILABILITY: In stock, Ships in 1-2 full bus. days. Details
- Description
- 50g of Protein with Micronized Aminos
- Increases Lean Mass with 40% Fewer Sets*
- 3g of Creatine to Improve Athletic Performance*
- Improves Muscle Stamina & Strength*
Clinically Researched
What is Amplified Mass XXX?
Need to pack on the pounds? AMPlify your gains with Amplified Mass XXX - our best mass gainer ever.* Exclusive to GNC, this rock solid formula is engineered with ingredients proven to help you increase lean mass, weight, strength and stamina.** Muscle up your diet with Amplified Mass XXX - the ultimate lean mass builder.
Amplified Mass XXX Evolution
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THE EXTRAS - Beyond the Basics:
Wait. There's more. This motherload of mass gainers is enhanced beyond basic nutrition. Infused with functional blends of ingredients and technologies - this formula offers an arsenal of advantages...
Tri-MG Infusion - This anabolic blend consists of clinically studied betaine (a.k.a. trimethylglycine) and HMB. This combination of ingredients creates an anti-catabolic effect for your muscles.
Micronized Amino Acids - Using MicroSorb Amino Technology, the amino acids added to this formula are pulverized, or "micronized" from large molecules into smaller particles to facilitate faster absorption. Why is that important? Better absorption of amino acids means better muscle fuel. These key amino acids, including glutamine, arginine and leucine, all support muscle protein synthesis and other key processes crucial to gaining mass.
Creatine Matrix Blend - For added muscle benefits, this matrix includes 3 forms of creatine, plus other ingredients your body uses to make creatine. Creatine helps to improve training results, support immediate energy production during exercise and is important for muscle protein synthesis.
Who Should Take Amplified Mass XXX?
Amplified Mass XXX can help any athlete trying to gain mass or put on added pounds.
When Should I Take It?
For maximum results, Amplified Mass XXX should be taken daily. On training days, the product should be consumed immediately after exercise. On non-training days, the product should be taken first thing in the morning or between meals.
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
- Supplement Facts
Mix 4 level scoops (205g) with 16 ounces of cold water or milk. Consume 1-2 servings daily.
Serving Size 4 Scoops Servings Per Container 13 Amount Per Serving % DV Calories 750.00 Calories from Fat 50.00 Total Fat 6.00 g 9% Saturated Fat 4.00 g 20% Trans Fat 0.00 g Cholesterol 110.00 mg 37% Sodium 420.00 mg 18% Potassium 670.00 mg 19% Total Carbohydrate 124.00 g 41% Dietary Fiber 4.00 g 16% Sugars 20.00 g Protein 50.00 g 100% Calcium 500.00 50% Iron 1.44 8% Vitamin A 0.00 0% Vitamin A 0.00 0% Vitamin C 0.00 0% Vitamin C 0.00 0% Tri-MG™ Infusion - Betaine (as Betaine Anhydrous) HMB (as Calcium HMB) 3.00 g ** Tri-MG™ Infusion - Betaine (as Betaine Anhydrous) HMB (as Calcium HMB) 3.00 g ** Creatine Matrix Blend 3.00 g ** DiCreatine Malate Creatine Ethyl Ester HCL Guanidinoacetate Creatine AKG L-Arginine L-Glycine L-Methioine ** Creatine Matrix Blend 3.00 g ** DiCreatine Malate Creatine Ethyl Ester HCL Guanidinoacetate Creatine AKG L-Arginine L-Glycine L-Methioine ** Micronized Amino Acids 500.00 mg ** Glutamine (Micronized L-Glutamine) Arginine (Micronized L-Arginine) Leucine (Micronized L-Leucine) ** Micronized Amino Acids 500.00 mg ** Glutamine (Micronized L-Glutamine) Arginine (Micronized L-Arginine) Leucine (Micronized L-Leucine) ** ** Daily Value (DV) not established † Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet.
Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on
your calorie needs:Calories: 2000 2500 Total Fat Less than 65 g 80 g Sat. Fat Less than 20 g 25 g Cholesterol Less than 300 mg 300 mg Sodium Less than 2400 mg 2400 mg Total Carbohydrate 300 g 375 g Dietary Fiber 25 g 30 g Calories per gram:
Fat 9• Carbohydrate 4•Protein 4 - Health Notes
Soy Protein for Sports & Fitness
SoyWhy Do Athletes Use It?*
Some athletes say that soy protein provides a source of low-fat, cholesterol-free protein.
What Do the Advocates Say?*
Protein is necessary for rebuilding tissue, which is especially important for bodybuilders. All types of protein provide the body with amino acids.
From an athletic point of view, soy is just another type of protein. Choosing soy protein over other types of protein adds variety to the protein choices available. However, because soy lowers cholesterol, it is an excellent choice for those also trying to lower their cholesterol levels.
Soy is a common ingredient in many meal replacements that are designed to provide a large amount of nutrients in a minimal amount of calories.
How Much Is Usually Taken by Athletes?
Adding protein to carbohydrate intake immediately after exercise may be helpful for improving recovery of glycogen (carbohydrate) stores after exercise, according to some,1, 2, 3 though not all,4, 5, 6, 7, 8 controlled studies. Preliminary studies have suggested that protein supplements may have biological effects that could improve muscle growth resulting from strength training, especially if liquid supplements (typically containing at least 10 grams of protein in addition to varying amounts of carbohydrate) are taken immediately after exercise.9, 10, 11 However, controlled studies have found no advantage of protein supplementation (up to about 100 grams per day or about 14 grams immediately following exercise) for improving strength or body composition as long as the diet already supplies typical amounts of protein and calories.12, 13, 14 In one preliminary study, elderly men participating in a 12-week strength training program took a liquid supplement containing 10 grams of protein (part of which was soy protein), 7 grams of carbohydrate and 3 grams of fat either immediately following exercise or two hours later.15 Men taking the supplement immediately following exercise experienced significantly greater gains in muscle growth and lean body mass than those supplementing two hours later, but strength gains were no different between the two groups. A controlled study of female gymnasts found that adding 0.45 grams of soy protein to a diet that was adequate in protein during an 8-week training program did not improve lean body mass compared to a placebo.16 No research has compared different sources of protein to see whether one source, such as soy protein, has a better or more consistent effect on exercise recovery or the results of strength training.
*Athletes and fitness advocates may claim benefits for this supplement based on their personal or professional experience. These are individual opinions and testimonials that may or may not be supported by controlled clinical studies or published scientific articles.Copyright 2013 Aisle7. All rights reserved. Aisle7.com
The information presented in Aisle7 is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires June 2014.
- Also Available in
This product is also available in the following flavors or formulas:
GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX - Cookies and Cream
GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX - Strawberry
GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX - Vanilla
- Label
To view the Label you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader installed. You can download a free copy of the Adobe Acrobat Reader at: http://www.adobe.com/acrobat/readstep.html
- Ratings and Reviews
by PowerReviewsPros
- Builds muscle (15)
- Tasty (9)
- Quickens recovery time (7)
- Boosts energy (5)
- Good value (5)
Best Uses
- After workout (14)
- Everyday (10)
- Before workout (4)
- Reviewer Profile:
- Competitive athlete (7), Weekend warrior (3)
Reviewed by 18 customers
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- Builds Muscle
Best Uses
- After Workout
Comments about GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX™ - Banana Cream:
I took this product after workout and it is work for me.
- Gender:
- Male
- Where did you hear about this product?:
- Friend or Family Member
- How many supplements do you use on a daily basis?:
- 1-2 Supplements Daily
- Which of the following is the most important to you?:
- Convenience, Price, Quality
- Builds Muscle
- Not Hard On Stomach
- Tastes Good
Best Uses
- After Workout
- Everyday
Comments about GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX™ - Banana Cream:
I took this at 2 scoops daily after workout or in the morning on non-workout days. The first container I went from 168 to 175. Diet was/is good, and took multi. Workout heavily. Second tub is strawberry, which isn't a personal favorite but caught it on sale. Tastes good as well.
- Boosts Energy
- Builds Muscle
- Good Value
- Quickens Recovery Time
- Tastes Good
- Very Thick And Heavy
Best Uses
- After Workout
- Before Bed
- Everyday
Comments about GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX™ - Banana Cream:
this product has a good taste and works well. Mixes great with egg nog, hey, happy holidays, right? The only draw back is that it requires 4 scoops at a time, thats a lot! My husband takes it with 2 scoops and he says thats more do-able. He has already put on some weight and some mass, so it does work.
- Builds Muscle
- Tasty
Best Uses
- After Workout
- Before Bed
- Everyday
Comments about GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX™ - Banana Cream:
I take this after working out and before bed. Provides high quality calories and the banana flavor is absolutely delicious. Started noticing gains after about 2 weeks. This supplement is pricey, so I only purchase when on sale or during gold card week.
Comments about GNC Pro Performance® AMP Amplified Mass XXX™ - Banana Cream:
I have used this products for a while. I gained 15 lb in 2 months. very nice products for gaining weight.
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GNC Pro Performance� AMP Ripped Vitapak� Program
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An excerpt from Paris is Burning...in celebration of all the Mamas out there...
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An excerpt from Paris is Burning...in celebration of all the Mamas out there...
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text: I just cannot stand reading articles about doctors, or people who are so skeptical of juicing and even eating better in general. I don't understand how "experts" can - and I quote - chalk up the healing powers of fruits and vegetables (and juicing) to being more "psychological than physical." How does that make sense? Did I mentally make myself fat from prescription medications? Did I psychologically make myself lose 40 pounds? I don't get how you can dispute all the evidence, facts and proof that vegetables, fruit (and mostly raw) stuff is unhealthy. Yet for some reason it is no question as to the unhealthiness of dairy, meat, fast food, junk food and processed food. I can't wrap my brain around it. :/


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In referring to the Declaration of Independence's guiding principle, he said, "For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by his people here on Earth."
Each balanced phrase and each oscillation between where we have been and where we must go elaborated this theme: The American faith is the faith in America. "We are true to our creed," he said, when even a little girl born in poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own."
I will long ponder this, that "preserving our planet, commanded to our care by God ... will lend meaning to the creed our fathers."
This may not be remembered as the most stirring or oratorical inaugural speech. But it was a president sharing with the nation his values most personal and vision most spiritual.
Donna Brazile, a CNN contributor and a Democratic strategist, is vice chairwoman for voter registration and participation at the Democratic National Committee. She is a nationally syndicated columnist, an adjunct professor at Georgetown University and author of "Cooking With Grease." She was manager for the Gore-Lieberman presidential campaign in 2000.
Alan Brinkley: Richard Blanco a new Walt Whitman?
Inaugurations are usually pretty dull, and second-term inaugurations are usually even worse. Obama's speech was much better than I thought it would be -- not one for the ages, but good for our time. The crowds, perhaps surprisingly, were enormous -- almost as large as 2008.
Obama spoke clearly about his own views without openly criticizing his opponents. As he did in 2008, he continued to call for compromise, although he must have known that little compromise in Congress is waiting. And so he continued with his list of his hopes -- few of which will likely succeed.
No one has reached the level of Lincoln's second inauguration speech. Obama's speech is not likely to be remembered in the way Lincoln's was. But it was better than most inaugural speeches, and better than his 2008 speech. To me, though, the best part of the inauguration was the little known poet Richard Blanco, who sounded like a new Walt Whitman.
Alan Brinkley is the Allan Nevins professor of history at Columbia University.


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Classic Dot Border Rug - Dark Coffee
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Frame your floors with a border of bright dots that pop off ivory looped pile.
- Woven of 100% wool.
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- Backing is made of recycled canvas with odorless synthetic latex.
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- Imported.
- Please allow 5-7 business days for delivery. Delivery estimate includes monogrammed and gift-wrapped items.


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Patty Melts
This big burger with caramelized onions and Swiss cheese on rye is a diner classic. So can you make it without a flattop griddle and a skilled short-order cook?
Steak and Blue Cheese Panini
You don't have to go to a trendy café to get a good steak panini
California Burgers
There's more to a California burger than slapping on some avocado and calling it a day.


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- Home
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- Condition Detail
Laryngectomy |
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. |
Reasons for Procedure
Possible Complications
- Infection
- Breathing difficulties
- Excessive swelling or bleeding
- Injury to the trachea (windpipe) or esophagus
- Blood clots
- Anesthesia-related problems
- Saliva leaking out to the skin (saliva fistula)
- Inability to speak or aphonia
- Cancer occurs again
- Pre-existing medical condition
- Advanced age
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Previous surgical procedure to the larynx
- Prior radiation or chemotherapy
- Poor nutrition
- Diabetes
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
- Physical exam
- Laryngoscopy —the use of a long, thin, lighted tube (laryngoscope) to examine the larynx
- Radiation therapy—to treat cancer
Talk to your doctor about your medicines. You may be asked to stop taking some medicines up to one week before the procedure, like:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs (eg, aspirin )
- Blood thinners, like clopidogrel (Plavix) or warfarin (Coumadin)
Also talk to your doctor about ways to restore speech, such as:
- Tracheoesophageal puncture
- Hand-held speech aids
- Eat a light meal the night before the surgery. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight.
Description of the Procedure
How Long Will It Take?
How Much Will It Hurt?
Average Hospital Stay
Post-procedure Care
- Have an oxygen mask over the stoma.
- Be given nutrition through an IV tube in your vein or a feeding tube. A speech pathologist or doctor will assess your ability to swallow. Depending on the results, you will progress to soft foods.
- You may also need to wear boots or special socks to help prevent blood clot formation in your legs
Be instructed to:
- Use a call bell and message board to communicate.
- Keep the head of your bed raised.
- Move your legs while in bed to increase circulation.
Learn to care for your stoma and tracheostomy tube, which includes:
- Using a mist hood over the stoma
- Keeping water out of the stoma
- Covering the stoma with a shower hood when showering
- Suctioning secretions
- Have the drains removed in about five days. The stitches will be removed in about one week.
- Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions .
- For about six weeks, avoid lifting heavy objects and doing strenuous activity.
Participate in a speech rehabilitation program. You will need to learn how to speak again. The program may involve speaking by:
- Swallowing air and expelling it (esophageal speech)
- Using an electronic device (artificial larynx)
- Installing a valve in the stoma to allow air from the lungs to reach the esophagus (tracheoesophageal speech)
Call Your Doctor
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or any discharge from the incision site
- Nausea and/or vomiting that you cannot control with the medicines you were given after surgery, or which persist for more than two days after discharge from the hospital
- Pain that you cannot control with the medicines you have been given
- Cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain
- Headache, muscle aches, or dizziness
- Tracheostoma is getting smaller
- Saliva leaking through your incision
- New, unexplained symptoms
American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/
National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/
BC Cancer Agency http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/default.htm/
Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/
All about laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. American Cancer Society website. Available at: http://www.cancer.org/ . Accessed September 11, 2009.
Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 16th ed. WB Saunders Co; 2001.


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Roberts didn't have any trouble with the oath this time around. He read from a white note card. Slash marks where Roberts paused to have Obama repeat the words were clearly visible.
The event took less than a minute and Obama didn't make any formal remarks or statements.
He did take a moment to hug his wife and daughters, exclaiming: "I did it!"
Justice Sonia Sotomayor performed the honors for Biden at his home at the Naval Observatory in Washington, where the vice president's extended family and a few Cabinet officials gathered to watch the ceremony.
Both Obama and Biden went to Arlington National Cemetery after Biden's swearing-in for a traditional wreath laying.
The president and his family also attended services celebrating the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. at Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church, one of the most historic churches in Washington.
Inauguration activities kicked off on Saturday with Obama and Mrs. Obama and Biden and his wife, Jill, leading volunteers across the country in National Day of Service Activities.
Later Saturday, singer Katy Perry headlined a concert for children of military families and Washington schoolchildren, hosted by Michelle Obama and Jill Biden. Singer Usher and the cast of the TV show "Glee" were among others who performed.
Sunday evening, the Obamas will watch Latino acts at "In Performance at the Kennedy Center," which is followed by the Let Freedom Ring concert. The Red, White and Blue Inaugural Ball and Hip-Hop Inaugural Ball are also scheduled in the capital.


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ZEROSPAM has earned high honours receiving the third best worldwide ranking in the most recent VBSpam Evaluation. While ZEROSPAM scored a near perfect 'catch-rate' it also received a perfect score for not blocking a single legitimate message.
Montreal (PRWEB) January 24, 2013
The ZEROSPAM Canadian cloud antispam solution has earned the 3rd highest worldwide ranking among all vendors who took part in the latest VBSpam evaluation.
This is an impressive result for the Montreal-based solution especially because of the level of competition. Major industry players participating in the evaluation included Bitdefender, Symantec, FortiMail and McAfee. Beyond the 3rd best ranking, ZEROSPAM received further validation because it did not block a single legitimate message while it's catch-rate was 99.89%.
These results were published on January 22, 2013 by Virus Bulletin who operate a neutral, third-party antispam evaluation program, that the industry's leading players participate in. ZEROSPAM was the only Canadian antispam solution to earn the VBSpam+ award which requires a minimum catch-rate of 99.5% without any false positives (blocked legitimate messages).
Clients are extremely concerned about false positives and rightly so. Blocking legitimate messages can have immediate consequences on a company's sales and daily operations. That's why filtering spam is such a difficult job. A good solution must recognize and effectively block spam, phishing email, harmful attachments and dangerous URLs contained in email messages, but it must do so without blocking legitimate communications. Thus the false positive rate becomes a very important criteria in choosing an antispam solution.
"This perfect score on legitimate messages detection is extremely gratifying for us," said David Poellhuber, President and CEO of ZEROSPAM Security. "Especially since it's comes from such a reputable third party evaluation."
ZEROSPAM is also a leader in the growing security market trend of Cloud IT solutions. A growing number of companies are choosing cloud antispam solutions because of the added security and substantial resource savings they provide. These solutions are fully redundant, keep the network perimeter safe and clean, are very easy to manage and they also protect clients from loss of email if their server or network is down.
ZEROSPAM is one of the few cloud antispam solutions whose network is 100% Canadian. It is backed by quick and competent technical support - something that ZEROSPAM considers essential for any provider on the email path even in a world of ever-shrinking client service.
*ABOUT Virus Bulletin
For many years, Virus Bulletin has been providing independent tests and ratings for
antivirus products. In 2009, the UK-based company launched VBSpam, a program that
evaluates the performance of antispam solutions. That program enjoys considerable brand
awareness and some of the leading companies in the antispam business take part in it. For
more details about VBSpam's testing and evaluation methodologies visit: http://www.virusbtn.com/vbspam/methodology/index.
ZEROSPAM Security is a Canadian leader in the cloud email security space. Launched in 2003,
the ZEROSPAM solution was one of the first cloud-based filtering solutions to be offered in
Canada. ZEROSPAM is currently used by VIA Rail, Radialpoint, Telefilm Canada, SAQ, Beyond
The Rack and a vast number of SMBs in many different sectors either directly or through
resellers and IT consultants.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2013/1/prweb10355311.htm


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- Made with real crushed stone, blended with resin and reinforced with fiberglass for extra strength.
- Looks and feels like real stone color throughout material.
- More economical than real stone pieces and comparable in price to concrete.
- Lightweight material allows for easier handling, shorter installation time and cheaper shipping.
- Fill with soil, sand, rock or concrete to add weight and provide a solid foundation.
- Sealed with UV resistant matte sealant.
- Easy to drill and add plumbing (not included).
- 24-inch
- 30-inch
- 36-inch
- 42-inch
- Tan (pictured)
- Sandstone
- Autumn Leaf
- Speckled Granite
- Slate Gray
Weight | 17.0000 |
Dimensions | 7" H x 24" W |


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Customer Reviews for Sidelights Yellow / Cream Privacy
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