text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 1, 2010
|Filing date
|Oct 26, 2007
|Priority date
|Oct 26, 2007
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jim B. Surjaatmadja
|Original Assignee
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (10), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This disclosure relates to a system for treating a subterranean well formation to stimulate production, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for fracturing.
Hydraulic fracturing is used often to stimulate production of hydrocarbons from formations penetrated by the wells. Typically, a well casing, if present, will be perforated adjacent the zone to be treated. Several zones may be treated, and a zone may comprise a formation, or several zones may be treated in a single formation. After the casing is perforated, a fracturing fluid is pumped into the well through the perforations so that fractures are formed and extended in the formation. Propping agents suspended in the fracturing fluid will be deposited in the fractures to prevent the fractures from closing.
One method for fracturing involves using a jetting tool with jets, or ports, therethrough which can be used to initiate and extend fractures in a zone. It is often desirable to rotate the jetting tool so that fluid pumped through the jets acts on a zone at the same, or near the same longitudinal or axial location in the well but at a different radial location. In other words, fluid will be pumped through the jets to act on a zone in the well, and the tool will be rotated so that the jets are oriented at a different radial location in the well, but may be at the same or near the same axial location in the well.
Typically, to rotate the jetting tool, the entire tool string must be moved. As such, it is difficult, time-consuming, and sometimes not possible to rotate the jetting tool and accurately position the jetting tool radially and axially in the well. A tool that can be consistently and accurately rotated and positioned in a well for accurate placement of fractures is desirable.
A stimulation tool for treating zones intersected by a wellbore is disclosed. The stimulation tool may be lowered into the well on a tool string. The stimulation tool comprises a sealed sub, or outer housing with a jetting tool movable relative thereto. The jetting tool comprises a stem slidably disposed in the sealed sub with a jetting head connected at an end of the stem. The jetting tool is thus movable relative to the outer housing and to the tool string on which the stimulation tool is lowered.
The stimulation tool is lowered into the well and is positioned adjacent a zone to be treated. The jetting tool is axially extended by applying hydraulic pressure with fluid through the tool string. The jetting tool will rotate simultaneous to its axial movement and will be positioned adjacent a first radial position in the well to be treated. The treatment may comprise, for example, pumping a proppant-laden fluid through the jetting head which may perforate any casing in the well and will initiate and begin to extend fractures in the zone. The jetting head preferably has ports with nozzles therein so that adequate velocity may be generated to perforate a casing if necessary and to initiate and extend fractures. An annulus fluid may be pumped in an annulus between the tool string and the well to aid in extending the fractures. The annulus fluid may be for example a clean fluid. Fractures may be created and extended further by, for example, pushing the proppant-laden fluid into the zone with a clean fluid behind the proppant-laden fluid, in the tool string which may be referred to as a pad. Thereafter, a proppant-laden fluid may be forced into the zone through the annulus or behind the pad in the tool string and through the jets. If the proppant-laden fluid is utilized in the annulus, it is preferred that a clean fluid continue to be pumped through the jetting tool. Likewise, if a proppant-laden fluid follows the clean fluid in the tool string, it is preferred that the annulus fluid be a clean fluid with no proppant therein.
Once treatment at the first radial location is completed, the jetting tool is ratcheted so that it is positioned in a second radial location. The ratcheting involves relieving pressure in the tool string such that the jetting tool will axially retract and will simultaneously rotate to a retracted position. Hydraulic pressure is then applied by increasing the fluid flow into the jetting head to a sufficient level such that the jetting head will axially extend and will simultaneously rotate to the second radial position where treatment can then be applied. The treatment may be, for example, that described herein such that fractures are initiated and created at the second radial location. The jetting tool will move automatically from the extended to the retracted position upon the release of hydraulic pressure. The jetting tool is urged toward the retracted position by a spring disposed about the stem.
If desired, several zones which may be several zones in a formation or which may be separate formations may be treated in the manner described herein.
Referring to the figures, and more particularly to
Referring to
A spring 48 is disposed about stem 42 in cavity 46, and is positioned between a shoulder 50, referred to herein as upper shoulder 50, defined on stem 42, and a lower shoulder 52. Lower shoulder 52 may be defined by an upper end 54 of a threaded lower end cap 56. Threaded lower end cap 56 comprises lower end 26 of sealed sub 18, and lower seals 38 are disposed in threaded lower end cap 56. Spring 48 biases stem 42 upwardly, as viewed in
The plurality of lower channels 36 comprise a lowermost channel 58 which may be referred to as first lower channel 58, and second, third and fourth lower channels 60, 62 and 64, respectively. Lowermost channel 58 has a wiper seal 66 disposed therein. Sealed sub 18 and stem 42 define a gap 68 therebetween at lower end 26 of sealed sub 18 so that well 10 communicates with channel 58 through gap, or passageway 68.
Wiper seal 66 comprises body 70, with a cutaway portion 72 to define inner and outer wipers 74 and 76. Wiper seal 66 has inner side 78 and outer side 80. Wiper segments 82 and 84, respectively, that angle outwardly from generally vertical segments 81 and 83 define wipers 74 and 76. Cutaway portion 72 comprises an arcuate cutout 86, which may generally be a semicircular cutout 86 with ends 88 and 90. Cutaway portion 72 has angularly outwardly extending segments 92 and 94, which extend angularly outwardly from ends 88 and 90, and along with segments 82 and 84 define wipers 74 and 76.
A wiper seal 66 is positioned in lowermost channel 58 so that cutaway portion 72 faces downwardly toward passageway 68 and well 10. In the embodiment shown, a wiper seal 66 is also positioned in channel 60 and is oriented identically to the wiper seal in channel 58. Seals 66 are elastomeric, but may be formed of any seal material capable of withstanding downhole environments.
An O-ring seal 96 is disposed in channel 62, and a third wiper seal 66 is positioned in channel 64. The wiper seal positioned in channel 64 has cutaway portion 72 facing upwardly, toward oil-filled cavity 46. Thus, in the embodiment shown, the plurality of seals 38 comprise the three wiper seals 66 and one O-ring 96. Wiper seals 66 are compressed in channels 58, 60 and 64 between sealed sub 18 and stem 42, and sealingly engage both.
The seal arrangement at upper end 24 of sealed sub 18 is a mirror image of the arrangement at lower end 26. Upper channels 32 may therefore comprise an uppermost channel 100, which may be referred to as a first upper channel 100, and second, third and fourth upper channels 102, 104 and 106, respectively. Wiper seals 66, positioned so that the cutaway portion 72 faces upwardly toward well 10 are disposed in channels 100 and 102 and a wiper seal 66 is positioned in channel 106 and faces downwardly, towards oil-filled cavity 46. An O-ring seal 96 is disposed in third upper channel 104. The plurality of seals 34 thus comprises the three wiper seals 66 and an O-ring seal 96. A gap, or passageway 109, similar to gap 68 at lower end 26 of sealed sub 18, is defined by sealed sub 18 and jetting tool 20 at upper end 24 of sealed sub 18. Well 10 communicates with uppermost channel 100 through passageway 109.
Stimulation tool 17 includes a ratchet 110. Ratchet 110 comprises at least one, and preferably a pair of lugs 112 affixed to sealed sub 18, and a J-slot 114 in stem 42. Lugs 112 may be welded, or affixed by other means known in the art to sealed sub 18. J-slot 114, which is laid out in
Lugs 112 may be referred to as lugs 112 a and 112 b which are positioned 180� apart. Stem 42 is movable relative to sealed sub 18, and ratcheting occurs when stem 42 is reciprocated axially relative to sealed sub 18, and the reciprocating motion causes stem 42 to rotate relative to sealed sub 18.
The axial motion of stem 42 relative to sealed sub 18, and the rotation of stem 42 relative to sealed sub 18 occur solely upon the application and relief of hydraulic pressure, due to fluid flow in tool string 16 into and through jetting tool 20.
Jetting head 44 has central passage 116 which is communicated with stem passage 43, and a plurality of ports 118 intersecting central passage 116, so that fluid may be communicated therethrough into well 10. Ports 118 comprise a first set of ports 120, and a second set of ports 122. In the embodiment shown, the ports in each of first and second sets 120 and 122 are axially aligned, and first set 120 is positioned 180� from second set 122. Each of ports 118 may have a nozzle 123 therein such that ports 118 comprise jets, or jetting ports for jetting fluid into well 10. Other port positions and orientations may be used.
In operation, tool string 16 with stimulation tool 17 is lowered into well 10 and positioned adjacent a first zone, for example first zone 124, to be treated. Fluid may be circulated into well 10 as tool string 16 is lowered therein. As stimulation tool 17 is lowered into well 10, lugs 112 a and 112 b will be positioned as shown by the solid lines in
The axial reciprocation will cause rotation of jetting tool 20 relative to sealed sub 18 as lugs 112 a and 112 b engage J-slot 114 and move from the position designated by the capital letter A to the position designated by the capital letter B. The axial motion and the rotation is thus caused solely by hydraulic pressure in the tool string which acts upon jetting tool 20 to move jetting tool 20 relative to sealed sub 18. Fluid is pumped from tool string 16 through stem passage 43, central passage 116 of jetting head 44, and through jetting ports 118 to perforate casing 14 in well 10 and to initiate and extend fractures in zone 124. As explained above, the embodiment shown includes casing 14 but the method and tool described herein may be used in open uncased holes as well. The initial fluid pumped through jetting tool 20 comprises a first tubing fluid which is preferably a proppant-laden fluid. Well 10 may also have an initial annulus fluid which may be referred to as a first annulus fluid therein that fills annulus 21. The initial annulus fluid is preferably a clean fluid with no proppant, but may be otherwise.
Pressure may be applied to the first annulus fluid so that pressure is applied to zone 124 both by the first annulus fluid and the first tubing fluid jetted through ports 120 and 122. In one embodiment, fractures may be further extended with a pad or a second tubing fluid behind the proppant-laden fluid in the tool string 16. Pressure will continue to be applied by the first annulus fluid. After the pad is pumped through the tool string 16, treatment may continue. For example, a third annulus fluid, such as for example clean fluid may be pumped down tool string 16 while a proppant-laden fluid is pumped into annulus 21 to continue to extend fractures. If desired, a different method may be utilized so that a clean fluid is pumped in the annulus but a proppant-laden fluid is pumped through the jetting tool 20 after the pad.
As is apparent, jetting tool 20 can be rotated quickly and efficiently to allow treatment at different radial locations in a well. This is an advancement over prior art methods which generally require attempting to rotate the end of a tool by rotating the top of the tool string. Conversely, rotation of the jetting tool 20 described herein occurs with the ratcheting of the tool. The reciprocation of the jetting tool 20 which is translated into rotation by the reaction of lugs 112 with J-slot 114 occurs solely upon the application of hydraulic pressure sufficient to cause the extension of the jetting tool 20 relative to sealed sub 18. In addition to the quick and efficient rotation of the jetting tool 20, wiper seals 66 prevent contamination or at least reduce the possibility of contamination of the sealed sub 18 thus reducing the risk of clogging.
The design and orientation of wiper seals 66 and their relationship to gaps 68 and 109 operate to lessen any risk of contamination. During reciprocation of jetting tool 20, fluid and thus proppant or other debris in well 10 may be drawn into or otherwise may be communicated into channels 58 and 100 through gap 68 at lower end 26 and through gap 109 at upper end 24 of sealed sub 18. Wipers 74 and 76 will wipe stem 42 as it reciprocates in sealed sub 18. In addition, cutaway portion 72 is shaped such that fluid and any proppant or debris that moves into lowermost channel 58 or uppermost channel 100 will be expelled therefrom through gaps 68 and 109, respectively. The reciprocating motion of stem 42 along with the shape of wiper seals 66 cause circulation of any fluid that enters the gaps 68 and 109 to circulate any proppant carried back into well 10 as opposed to contaminating wiper seal 66 and migrating into the oil-filled cavity 46. Wiper seals 66 adjacent the oil-filled cavity 46 are oriented oppositely to help prevent the escape of any oil and to maintain the integrity of oil in the cavity 46.
Thus, it is seen that the apparatus and methods of the present invention readily achieve the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those inherent therein. While certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described for purposes of the present disclosure, numerous changes in the arrangement and construction of parts and steps may be made by those skilled in the art, which changes are encompassed within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|Oct 12, 1971
|Oct 9, 1973
|Schlumberger Technology Corp
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|Otis Engineering Corporation
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|Coiled tubing apparatus
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|Nov 9, 1999
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|Methods and system for subsurface stabilization using jet grouting
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|Sep 19, 2000
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|Mar 10, 2000
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|Mar 30, 2004
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|Halliburton Communications Catalog, "SurgiFrac Service-Fracture Stimulation Technique for Horizontal Completions in Low-to-Medium Permeability Reservoirs," HO3392, May 2005.
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|SPE 107718, Jim B. Surjaatmadja, "Single Point of Initiation, Dual-Fracture Placement of Maximizing Well Production," Scheveningen, The Netherlands, May 30-Jun. 1, 2007.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 9, 2010
|May 31, 2011
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Casing deformation and control for inclusion propagation
|Feb 28, 2011
|Feb 28, 2012
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Drainage of heavy oil reservoir via horizontal wellbore
|Sep 24, 2009
|May 14, 2013
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Method for inducing fracture complexity in hydraulically fractured horizontal well completions
|Jan 12, 2010
|Jan 21, 2014
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Complex fracturing using a straddle packer in a horizontal wellbore
|May 13, 2013
|May 27, 2014
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Method for inducing fracture complexity in hydraulically fractured horizontal well completions
|Apr 9, 2012
|Nov 18, 2014
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Multi-interval wellbore treatment method
|Sep 21, 2012
|Feb 17, 2015
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Forming inclusions in selected azimuthal orientations from a casing section
|Jan 22, 2009
|Feb 24, 2015
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|High rate stimulation method for deep, large bore completions
|Dec 13, 2013
|Feb 24, 2015
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Complex fracturing using a straddle packer in a horizontal wellbore
|Aug 6, 2012
|Apr 28, 2015
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Method and wellbore servicing apparatus for production completion of an oil and gas well
|U.S. Classification
|166/308.1, 166/280.1, 166/223, 166/177.5
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 14, 2008
Owner name: HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SURJAATMADJA, JIM B.;REEL/FRAME:020380/0575
Effective date: 20080107
Owner name: HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC.,TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SURJAATMADJA, JIM B.;REEL/FRAME:020380/0575
Effective date: 20080107
|Feb 21, 2008
Owner name: BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY,ISRAEL
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ZABAN, ARIE;GRINIS, LARISSA;OFIR, ASHER;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080121 TO 20080131;REEL/FRAME:020543/0252
|Sep 15, 2009
Owner name: BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE APPLICATION NUMBER THE ASSIGNMENT WAS ORIGINALLY RECORDED AGAINST (11/997,763) PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 020543 FRAME 0252;ASSIGNORS:ZABAN, ARIE;GRINIS, LARISSA;OFIR, ASHER;REEL/FRAME:023238/0223
Effective date: 20080131
Owner name: BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY,ISRAEL
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE APPLICATION NUMBER THE ASSIGNMENT WAS ORIGINALLY RECORDED AGAINST (11/997,763) PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 020543 FRAME 0252. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT SHOULD HAVE BEEN RECORDED AGAINST 11/997,772;ASSIGNORS:ZABAN, ARIE;GRINIS, LARISSA;OFIR, ASHER;REEL/FRAME:023238/0223
Effective date: 20080131
|Nov 26, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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Retro-fun vintage owl design salt and pepper shakers. Wide eyes and bodies! They stand four inches tall and are almost three inches across. Brown ceramic. Rubber stoppers in the bottom.
No chips or cracks--excellent condition.
No chips or cracks--excellent condition.
Owl Salt and Pepper Shakers-Ceramic
- Vintage item from the 1980s
- Only ships within United States.
- Feedback: 99 reviews
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Clark Trailer (1977)
Watch the official Clark 1977 trailer in HD below or find more Clark videos on Vidimovie.com.
Watch the official Clark 1977 trailer in HD below or find more Clark videos on Vidimovie.com.
Sorry, we can't find the movie trailer you're looking for.
Either a trailer for this movie has not been released yet, or it was removed following a request from the copyright holder.
Mats Norryd as Clark Olofsson
Anja Landgré as Maria Wallin
Anita Hedell as Clarks mor
Carina Hedell as Clarks søster
Ingemar Lindh as Clarks far
Martin Svensson as Clark som dreng
Michael Danielsson as Bankrøver
Ulf Edelbrandt as Bankrøver
Poul Martinsen Director
Poul Martinsen Writer
Clark Olofsson Writer
Steen Herdel Producer
Denmark 18 September 1977
These some of the most viewed trailers for movies released in 1977:
01 January 1977
Passion, beauty, and brilliant storytelling are all on display in this six-hour-plus epic from Italian director Franco Zeffirelli.
23 September 1977
9-year old Karl Lejon, 'Skorpan' is suffering from tuberculosis and knows that he will die soon. But his older brother Jonathan tries to comfort him by promising that they one day will meet in Nangijala, a magic country beyond the stars.
27 April 1977
At Bertrand Morane's burial there are many of the women that the 40-year-old engineer loved. In flashback Bertrand's life and love affairs are told by himself while writing an autobiographical novel.
15 June 1977
Tells the story of operation Market Garden. A failed attempt by the allies in the latter stages of WWII to end the war quickly by securing three bridges in Holland allowing access over the Rhine into Germany.
28 March 1977
A medieval tale with Pythonesque humour: After the death of his father the young Dennis Cooper goes to town where he has to pass several adventures.
15 July 1977
Princess Farah refuses to marry Sinbad until Prince Kassim, her brother, is able to give his consent.
09 December 1977
Susan arrives in Haiti to live with her husband Jack, who lives with a lesbian housekeeper and Olga, a nymphomaniac platinum blonde, introduced to her as Jack's sister.
19 April 1977
The neurotic New Yorker Woody Allen tells one of the greatest romantic comedies to be set in the city of New York.
03 November 1977
Pete, a young orphan, runs away to a Maine fishing town with his best friend--a lovable, sometimes invisible dragon named Elliott! When they are taken in by a kind lighthouse keeper, Nora (Helen Reddy), and her father (Mickey Rooney), Elliott's prank playing lands them in big trouble.
23 February 1977
The SS puts a slutty nightclub singer in charge of a train car full of prostitutes whose "services" are reserved solely for Adolf Hitler.
13 July 1977
A ship-wrecked man floats ashore on an island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is inhabited by a scientist, Dr.
17 June 1977
A pair of young vacationers are involved in a dangerous conflict with treasure hunters when they discover a way into a deadly wreck in Bermuda waters.
Have you watched Clark yet? What did you think about it?
Artwork, screen shots, trailers and other imagery is © 1977 Steen Herdel Filmproduktion.


text:
Experts' view on surge in base metal prices
ET Now caught up with several experts to discuss the surge in metal prices.
Base metals rally unlikely to sustain in 2017
Copper on MCX tracks the metal that's traded on US based Comex, while the other four track thei...
Base metals: Nickel weakens, copper marginally down
At the Multi Commodity Exchange, nickel for delivery in January 2017 was trading down by ...
Why are base metal prices crashing again after clear signs of recuperation
Global concerns over demand outlook and volatility in dollar influenced the base metal prices broadly. Domestic futures prices, too, mirrored the trend.
Base metal price recovery may be short-lived, say analysts
In the base metals basket, zinc has moved up to Rs 124.50 per kg from the January low of Rs 96.65 per kg, up 28.5% on the MCX.
UBS cuts gold, base metals price forecasts
UBS said that it has cut 2015 copper price forecast to $2.55 per pound (from $2.70) and cut 2016 forecast to $2.50 (from $2.80) per pound.
Global weak trend weighs on base metals futures
At the Multi Commodity exchange, zinc for delivery in October fell by 30 paise or 0.19 per cent to Rs 156 per kg, in a business turnover of 297 lots.
Commodity cues: Crude prices slide, base metals fall
Almost all industrial commodities saw a decline for the day. Also, crude oil prices slide in the trade.
Positive global cues lift base metal prices
Meanwhile, copper rose 0.6 per cent to USD 5,375 a metric tonne on the London Metal Exchange. The metal in Shanghai added 4.1 per cent to close at 41,140 yuan a tonne.
Select base metal prices rise on global cues
Select base metal prices moved up by Rs 2 per kg at the non-ferrous metal market today on increased buying by stockists, tracking a firm global trend.
Base metals: Copper futures slide, nickel falls on profit-booking
At the Multi Commodity Exchange, copper for delivery in February next year declined by Rs 5.95 or 1.47 per cent to Rs 399.90 per kg in a business turnover of 205 lots.
Global base metal prices to remain weak in 2016: Moody's
Negative investor sentiments coupled with weakening macroeconomic growth indicators and uncertainty regarding China will continue to weigh on base metal industry in 2016.
Base metals: Spot demand lifts nickel, copper futures
In futures trading at the Multi Commodity Exchange, nickel for delivery in current month spurted Rs 3.90, or 0.56 per cent, to Rs 694.80 per kg, in a business turnover of 985 lots.
Stent companies want prices based on categories
According to some industry experts, patients have to pay from Rs 23,625 to as much as Rs 1.8 lakh in private hospitals for DES, which are used in 95 per cent of the cases.
Base metals back in bull market as China's economy stabilizes
The metal used in pipes and wires rose as much as 0.3 per cent on the London Metal Exchange to $4,880 a metric ton, and was at $4,872.50 a ton at 3:26 pm in Sydney.


text:
Trellis ideas for vertical gardening . . . .
Branches... could look great to divide entertaining area in backyard! Great focal point!.. going to try this on the wall behind my desk!
Jasmine vines trellis - I still want to do this on our wall... maybe larger?
Creating a Magical Children's Garden
A trellis might be just what you need for patio privacy or a garden space saver. Several good options here. via Allison Evans
beautiful...this has got to be the most pinned thing of all my boards!! I believe I saw this for sale at Lowe's.
Build a trellis as an outdoor architectural element that becomes more beautiful when intertwined with climbing plants. -- Lowe's Creative Ideas
Circle trellis -- would be very pretty with morning glory vine.
Duchess of Albany clematis. Grown in pot and climbing on a lean-to lattice.
IKEA Fan Favorite: BARSO trellis with base plate. Create a cozy, private outdoor space with this trellis. The base helps support potted climbing plants.


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text:
Bombay Mix
chickpeas contain protein,
iron and zinc, which are all essential to healthy functioning of the body.
They are usually fried in a lot of oil
with a small amount of spices, chili powder and garlic. Garlic contains
compounds called allicin and
sulphides, which are antibiotic, anti-fungal and possibly antiviral, and
chilli stimulates circulation and warms
the body.
Cons: The long sticks are made of deep-fried flour and therefore are very
high in calories and low in nutrients.
A small handful of Bombay Mix contains 10g of fat and 140 calories,
including the equivalent of two tablespoons of oil. The snack is also very high in salt and should be avoided by people with high blood pressure or water retention.
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There is always something exciting going on with the St. Edward's University Alumni Association and on the hilltop. We host events throughout Texas and across the country. Event and registration information is listed below. To receive our communications and information on volunteer opportunities and events in your area, please make sure we have your most up-to-date contact information.
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Alumni, parents, friends, families, and students alike are invited to campus to celebrate a shared love for all things St. Edward's! We promise you'll enjoy your time back "home on the Hilltop".
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Lugnaquilla 925m,
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Pic Rouge de Bassiès
Track 3285
an hour ago
This was the first of the two big hikes I did in the Pyrenees in summer 2016. Hiking in the summer often means a sunny d walk, Len: 16.3km, Climb: 1342m, Area: France, Midi-Pyr?n?es ()
Seefin Mountain E Top: Up the old bog road.
Summit Summary
Collaborative entry
Last edit by: melohara
4 hours ago
Car park space at R66276 16811. Over or around the gate and head uphill on a good track that crosses the hill near the summit.On the crest of the hill the summit cairn is over a wall to your right...
Seefin Mountain W Top: Bog and rough ground.
Summit Summary
Collaborative entry
Last edit by: melohara
4 hours ago
Car park space at R66276 16811. Over or around the gate and head uphill on a good track that crosses the hill near the summit of Seefin Mountain East top.Follow the track on downhill from the cres...
Seefin South-East Top: Seefin South East Top is easily visited
Summit Summary
Collaborative entry
Last edit by: melohara
4 hours ago
Seefin South East Top is easily visited from the track leading to Seefin Mountain East Top and Seefin Mountain West Top which starts st R66276 16811. Just follow the track to R65202 17892 from whe...
Knockmealdown Round - Out by the spine. Back by the belly.
Track 3383
2 days ago
An early start had me on Crohan West at 08:00. It was a glorious morning. This is what Bowie meant by ?serious moonli... walk, Len: 45.8km, Climb: 1968m, Area: Crohan West, Knockmealdown Mountains (I
Carnaween: The visitors book box near the summit
Summit Comment
4 days ago
Just wanted to show the brilliantly constructed little box which contains the visitors book. It was too wet and windy on my visit to take it out and risk ruining it. A few shafts of light breaking...
MV Mountain Gathering 2017
Forum: General
2 days ago
Always a great night ... all welcome.
Carnaween: Bad Weather Adding Drama To Great Views
Summit Comment
4 days ago
I used the commonly taken route from Disert Graveyard (worth a visit in its own right) over ground that was alternatively boggy or pretty steep. It was freezing cold in these parts, with a strong ...
Corrin: A family stroll.
Summit Comment
a week ago
Climbed this hill in November 2014, with a friend who used to live in the area. Starting at the Coillte car park, we did a nice loop on the forest paths, circling around the hill in an anticlockwi...
Central Dingle Quartet from Anascual
Track 3374
2 days ago
walk, Len: 15.8km, Climb: 949m, Area: Stradbally Mountain, Central Dingle (Irel...
Luggala: Fancy View from White Hill
Summit Comment
2 weeks ago
Autumn's evening view across to Luggala/Fancy from White Hill on route down from Djouce using the Wicklow Way boardwalk section.
Binn Charrach: The peat-hag capital of Connemara
Summit Comment
2 weeks ago
The descent from Benbaun to the R344 via Knockpasheemore/Binn Charrach is hard going after a day in the Bens. The Knockpasheemore ridge looks nice and flat from below, but is boggy, undulating and...
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Video display
Wicklow Mountains
More detail
Maximum height for area: 925 metres,
Summits in area: 128,
Maximum prominence for area: 905 metres,
OSI/LPS Maps: 28B, 49, 50, 55, 56, 61, 62, AWW
For all tops
Highest summit:
Lugnaquilla, 925m
Summits in area Dublin/Wicklow:
Ballinacorbeg 336m
Ballinastraw 284m
Ballycurry 301m
Ballyguile Hill 188m
Ballyhook Hill 288m
Bray Head Hill 240m
Carrickgollogan 276m
Carrigeen Hill 298m
Carrigoona Commons East 242m
Cloghnagaune 385m
Corballis Hill 258m
Cupidstown Hill 378.6m
Dunranhill 342m
Eagle Hill 296m
Killeagh 249m
Killiney Hill 153.5m
Kilmichael Hill 267m
Kilnamanagh Hill 217m
Knockannavea 400.8m
Knockree 342m
Mount Kennedy 365.9m
Slieveroe 332m
Westaston Hill 270m
Dublin Mountains:
Corrig Mountain 617.1m
Glendoo Mountain 586m
Kippure 757m
Knocknagun 555m
Prince William's Seat 555m
Saggart Hill 396.9m
Seahan 647.3m
Seefin 620.6m
Seefingan 722.9m
Tibradden Mountain 467m
Two Rock Mountain 536m
Wicklow Mountains:
Annagh Hill 454m
Ballinacor Mountain 531m
Ballinafunshoge 480m
Ballineddan Mountain 652m
Ballycumber Hill 431m
Ballycurragh Hill 536m
Ballyteige 447m
Baltinglass Hill 382m
Barranisky 280m
Benleagh 689m
Black Hill 602.2m
Brockagh Mountain 557m
Brockagh Mountain North-West Top 548m
Brockagh Mountain SE Top 470m
Camaderry Mountain 698.6m
Camaderry South East Top 677.3m
Camenabologue 758m
Camenabologue SE Top 663m
Carrick Mountain 381m
Carrickashane Mountain 508m
Carrig Mountain 571m
Carrigleitrim 408m
Carriglineen Mountain 455m
Carrignagunneen 561m
Carrigshouk 572.5m
Carrigvore 682m
Church Mountain 544m
Cloghernagh 800m
Collon Hill 238m
Conavalla 734m
Corriebracks 531m
Corrigasleggaun 794m
Croaghanmoira 664m
Croaghanmoira North Top 575m
Croghan Kinsella 606m
Croghan Kinsella East Top 561m
Cullentragh Mountain 510m
Cushbawn 400m
Derrybawn Mountain 474m
Djouce 725m
Duff Hill 720m
Fair Mountain 571.2m
Fananierin 426m
Gravale 718m
Great Sugar Loaf 501m
Kanturk 523m
Keadeen Mountain 653m
Kirikee Mountain 474m
Knocknacloghoge 534m
Lakeen 357m
Little Sugar Loaf 342m
Lobawn 636m
Lugduff 652m
Lugduff SE Top 637m
Luggala 595m
Lugnagun 446.2m
Lugnaquilla 925m
Maulin 570m
Moanbane 703m
Moneyteige North 427m
Mullacor 657m
Mullaghcleevaun 849m
Mullaghcleevaun East Top 790m
Muskeagh Hill 397m
Preban Hill 389m
Robber's Pass Hill 508.9m
Scarr 641m
Scarr North-West Top 561m
Seskin 344m
Silsean 698m
Sleamaine 430m
Slieve Maan 547.8m
Slieve Maan North Top 550m
Slievecorragh 418m
Slievefoore 414m
Slievemaan 759m
Sorrel Hill 599.5m
Spinans Hill 409m
Spinans Hill SE Top 400m
Stoney Top 714m
Stookeen 420m
Sugarloaf 552m
Table Mountain 701.7m
Table Mountain West Top 563m
Tinoran Hill 312m
Tomaneena 682.4m
Tonduff 642m
Tonduff East Top 593m
Tonelagee 817m
Tonelagee NE Top 668m
Tonlagee South-East Top 546m
Trooperstown Hill 430m
War Hill 686m
White Hill 630.9m
Centre on map.
Log na Coille
A name in Irish
(Ir. Log na Coille [IPN], 'hollow of the wood')
County Highpoint of Wicklow
, in
County Highpoint, Arderin, Vandeleur-Lynam, Irish Highest Hundred, Irish 900s
, Aphyric granodiorite
OS 1:50k
Mapsheet: 56
Grid Reference:
This summit has been logged as climbed by
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More detail
Longitude: -6.464618, Latitude: 52.96714
, Easting: 303217, Northing: 191756
Prominence: 905m,
Isolation: 1.7km
, Has trig pillar
, GPS IDs, 6 char: Lgnql, 10 char: Lugnaquila
Bedrock type: Aphyric granodiorite, (Percys Table Granodiorite)
Presumably the name is transferred from some nearby hollow to the mountain itself. Price has a useful note to this effect, but is unable to determine the hollow in question. There are three valleys in the vicinity: Fraughan Rock Glen to the north-east, the South Prison to the south-east and the North Prison to the north-west. The first two are both forested nowadays. The summit is marked as Percy's Table, named after a local landowner of the 18th century. Cf. Dawson's Table on Galtymore. P.W. Joyce gave the original form as Log na Coilleach, 'hollow of the (grouse) cocks'. However this seems doubtful. It does not show the urú which would be expected. Nor is the name connected with the deity Lug. Lugnaquilla is the highest mountain in the Dublin/Wicklow area and the 13th highest in Ireland. Lugnaquilla is the highest point in county Wicklow.
Trackback: http://mountainviews.ie/summit/13/
COMMENTS for Lugnaquilla
Next page >>
Picture from group : Lugnaquilla from the West, Camarahill to right.
Lugnaquilla from the West, Camarahill to right.
A big mountain with many ways up, long range views but hazards.
Short Summary created by simon3, kernowclimber, Peter Walker, 26 Jun 2015
Lug as it is popularly known is Ireland's highest summit outside Kerry. The large summit cairn and trig pillar sit on a fairly flat dryish top with views better distant than near, often surrounded by people and sadly, litter. There are several ways up and some serious hazards particularly in bad weather so map, navigational gear and skill are essential.
One way is from the NE, starting at Baravore car park at around
. From Baravore there are three main ways: straight up the Fraughan Rock Glen, via Camenabologue along the Stony Road, or via Arts Lough and Cloghernagh.
Another starting point is from around
near Fentons Pub.
Go straight up the track to Camarahill. Do not deviate because the surrounding area is regularly used as an artillery range, well marked on maps, making this route not always allowed.
Another start is from the S at Aughavannagh Bridge
, following the Ow valley to the summit with variations on the western and eastern ridges.
There are also routes via Carrawaystick Mountain and Ballineddan Mountain and some gullies.
The summit can be difficult to find in mist or whiteout conditions. Without good navigation there is a risk of descending accidentally onto any of the three severe slopes, of which two are marked on maps as the North Prison, the South Prison and the unnamed NE facing slope or into the artillery range.
Trackback: http://mountainviews.ie/summit/13/comment/4773/
Picture from darrenf : View from the top of Fraughan Glen clearly showing the forest track snaking along the river
View from the top of Fraughan Glen clearly showing the forest track snaking along the river
darrenf on Lugnaquilla, 2009
27 Jul 2009
Spent the day hopping around Lugnaquillia from the Glenmalur side on 24th July. Parked up at the carpark next the footbridge at Baravore T066942. Crossed the Avonbeg River via the footbridge (the river had taken over the vehicle access bridge due to the heavy rains recently). Contuined along the gravel track which leads up to the an oige youth hostel and shortly afterwards we took the track which bears left (contuining on the original track will take you further into the Glenmalur valley). Followed this forest track right around into Fraughan Glen where the views really open out in front of you. The entire track is not clearly identified on Sheet 56 but it will take you deep into the glen and only really peters out at the back wall of the glen - at this point another faint track can be picked up which stays to the right hand side of the benleagh river and continues up and over Fraughan Glen. Spectacular views back down the glen and across to Lugduff can be enjoyed. Once we were over the glen we tramped onwards in the general direction of spot height 625. The going along this strecth of the walk was boggy and gaiters are advisable! As you progress toward the ridge of Lugnaquillia you will note the triangular signposts which warn you of your proximity to the artillery range. The ridge walk toward the north prison offers fantastic views on a clear day and it is not long before you are on Percys Table enjoying the vistas in every direction. By the time we arrived at the trig point the mist had well and truly engulfed the top of Lug. A quick lunch stop recharged the batteries before we retraced our steps back down along Percys Table between the north and south prisons. At
we took a bearing down along the top of south prison and toward Clohernagh. The whole day was ahead of us so we decided to return via Corrigasleggaun and Kellys Lough. From the summit of Corrigasleggaun there is a track which takes you along the ridge overlooking the beautiful lough below. As you continue along the ridge you will note a post and wire fence in front of you at approximately
. We handrailed this fence as it dropped down into the brook below. By taking this route it will lead you directly onto a forest track below and it should be noted that if you wish to take the zig zags back to Glenmalur valley you should continue on past this track and cross Carrawaystick Brook. From here we put the heads down and pushed through the boggy terrain toward the zig zags which took us safely onto the valley floor below. The good work of the Mountain Meitheal should be well noted as you descend along the zig zags and cross the river via the footbridge. A lovely stroll along the valley floor brought us back to the car. A fine walk and a beautiful part of the garden of Ireland. 19.8km in total over 7.5 hours. With so many variations to this walk we will definitely be back again soon
Trackback: http://mountainviews.ie/summit/13/comment/3968/
Your Score: Very useful <<
Picture from kernowclimber : North Prison Gully
North Prison Gully
Winter Climb of North Prison's Main Gully
7 Apr 2010
The sight of the Great Sugar Loaf wearing a faint snowy hat and the desire to escape the ennui of the office convinced us to take to the hills! Discovering that the Army wasn't using the artillery range, we resolved to make climbing the main gully on Lugnaquillia's North Prison our objective for the day.
We parked at the first gateway to the artillery range up the rough track past Fenton's Pub and began the long pull up Camarahill savouring the crunch and squeak of fresh snow beneath our boots. We descended the steep side of Camarahill towards the Bluffs rising steadily to gain the corrie beneath Lugnaquillia's North Prison. Once off Camarahill the sun was surprisingly hot but the weather was fickle; kaleidoscopic clouds raced across a Prussian blue sky, occasionally grey and angry enough to generate flurries of snow. Huge granite boulders encrusted with ice lay amid drifts of snow feet thick on the outstretched arm of terminal moraine that seemed to gently coax us upwards and inwards to the corrie. Obstacles such as secret streams obscured beneath a blanket of glittering snow betrayed only by their musical tinkling, and patches of bog unseen until trodden on, slowed our pace considerably.
We located the main gully (
) at the back of the corrie, a white streak shooting some 200 metres upwards towards the summit. It didn't look all that steep before we began to climb it, but appearances are deceptive. This is described as a Scot Grade I climb in the Wicklow climbing guide, but in places the slope surpasses 45 degrees and the fact that a fresh covering of snow lay atop granular, in places very unstable old snow and compacted ice, made progress difficult. Mcrtchly had to cut steps for almost the entire route and I would estimate the route in this condition was verging on a Scot Grade II endeavour. The crux of the route lay only 10 metres or so from the bottom where sheets of ice had consolidated over boulders making the use of the pick end of an ice axe essential to maintain upwards progress.
The view up the gully was superb. On the right, about half way up is a very distinctive pyramidal pinnacle of rock that was picked out sharply against a deep blue sky, making the surroundings appear and feel positively Alpine. Every so often chunks of ice and snow fell from the surrounding walls with a dull thud followed by a strident hiss as thousands of small chunks sped off down the gully.
By the time we exited the gully, cloud had enveloped the summit and we did not tarry there long as an icy wind beckoned a change in the weather. We descended rapidly in our crampons towards Camarahill surprised to see how quickly the snow had melted. Some 12kms and 8 hours later we were walking towards the warm, inviting glow of the window of Fenton's Pub, drawn there by the cheerful sound of a jaunty Irish jig filling the quiet night and the knowledge that a glass of Guinness awaited us to celebrate our day out on Wicklow's highest peak.
Trackback: http://mountainviews.ie/summit/13/comment/4574/
Your Score: Very useful <<
Picture from padodes
padodes on Lugnaquilla, 2008
21 Aug 2008
Of the many possible approaches to Lugnaquillia, the one that follows the course of the Ow River (a bit of a pleonasm, since Ow is derived from the Irish 'abha') is definitely worth the effort. Starting at Aghavannagh Bridge (T056 861), in years gone by walkers were not expressly prohibited from entering the lands to the left, facing upstream, but this changed with the 'Mad Cow Disease' episode, and yesterday's 'No Entry' warning is perpetuated by a 'Private Lands' sign today. However, not being able to cross this marshy land is no great loss. It's easier to walk upstream on the opposite side by following the forest track that begins on the right-hand side of the bridge. After an initial curve away from the river, a track branches off to the left and runs parallel to the river until terminating at
. From here, the walk continues along the riverbank proper. Alternately wide and narrow, wet and dry, the ground between the rushing water and the forest fence is never a big obstacle to progress. But the ground rises gradually on both sides of the river, while the water follows its course below in what little by little becomes a gorge with steep and then vertical sides. Although the OSI and Healy maps give little idea of the presence of a waterfall, that is what you find at
. Here, the river, coming from above, turns 90 degrees to face the beholder before dividing and forming a twin cascade that plunges into the ravine below (see photo). It must be one of the least known and least visited waterfalls in Wicklow. Care is needed along this stretch to avoid a slip. After that, the forest gradually recedes to the right and one comes to the confluence of two feeder streams, the one coming from the head of the valley between Slievemaan and Lug and the other from under the South Prison of Lug. The latter is generally easy to cross, and so the sharp final climb to Lug begins in earnest.
Trackback: http://mountainviews.ie/summit/13/comment/3271/
Your Score: Very useful <<
Lots of choice to tackle this
16 Sep 2016
Since starting my hillwalking last year I have been up Lug three times. Every time it has been totally misted over by the time I reach or just after reaching the summit. Once it mists over the mountain can prove more difficult to navigate than expected as it is such a broad hulk with many routes for descent. It can be disorientating. GPS is recommended if possible. Definitely have a map and compass.
The routes I've taken are ascent/descent of Glen of Imaal (February), ascent of Clohernagh/descent via Fraughan Rock Glen (October) and ascent Ow valley-South Prison/descent Carrawaystick (May).
If you follow the Ow valley route there are of course a few choices when you reach the South Prison. The more challenging option we took was to go up the large gulley (sometimes seemingly referred to as McAlpines Back Passage). Others have commented on this route. This is a steep route clambering over boulders with lots of water runnning down (we got wet). There is a large boulder field at the base of the gully. As you progress up the gully there are a number of "obstacles" - these are surmountable but can be a challenge to retain three points of contact if you're not very tall. In particular there is a large slippery black rock that can require a jump depending on conditions. Once you start going up the gully it is not advisable to retreat downwards. I certainly wouldn't consider it a safe descent route.
Trackback: http://mountainviews.ie/summit/13/comment/18633/
Your Score: Very useful <<
Picture from Dessie1 : Lug
Lug in February
31 May 2010
Climbed Lug from Glenmalure side in February.Took route starting at Hostel and continuing past Benleagh on the the right and Cloghernagh on left hand side through valley.Reached snow covered summit and back down in 4 1/2 hours.Views on top where limited due to low cloud but a very enjoyable days hike.
Trackback: http://mountainviews.ie/summit/13/comment/5827/
Your Score: Very useful <<
COMMENTS for Lugnaquilla
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(End of comment section for Lugnaquilla.)
British summit data courtesy:
Database of British & Irish Hills
(Creative Commons Licence)
"ASTER+": Hillshade and Contours
Courtesy of
Tiles GIScience Research Group @ Heidelberg University
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H W Allan & Son
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Junaid Jamshed's body shifted to Karachi by PAF C-130 Zubair Qureshi Forensic team of the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) has identified twenty-one (21) more bodies of the PK-661 passengers and they are now being handed over to ...Pakistan Observer, 1 month ago
Country mourns star Junaid Jamshed;s death
LAHORE: From pop star to religious preacher the journey was not an easy one for Juniad Jamshed. He was often criticized and at times revered by media at the same time. Now all that will end for good. 52-year-old Junaid Jamshed is no more. He died in ...The Nation Pakistan, 1 month ago Country mourns star Junaid Jamshed's death The Nation Pakistan, 1 month ago
COAS attends funeral prayers for pilot of crashed PIA plane
RAWALPINDI: Funeral prayers for Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) pilot Ali Akram, one of the 47 victims of the deadly PK-661 crash, were offered in Rawalpindi on Thursday. The prayers were held at Army Ground, Rawalpindi, which were also ...PakistanKaKhudaHafiz.com, 1 month ago PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES : COAS attends funeral prayers for pilot of crashed PIA plane 4 Traders, 1 month ago COAS attends PIA pilot's funeral The News Tribe, 1 month ago
The Junaid Jamshed movement: A look into his...
It isn't so easy writing about someone you have grown up listening to, called an inspiration, or have had great memories with/of. There's just too much that cannot be put into words, and that's exactly how it feels when we lose someone we love, ...Dotemirates.com, 1 month ago
Celebrities react to Junaid Jamshed's death
LAHORE (Web Desk) News regarding Junaid Jamshed among victims in Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) plane crash spread grief in the celebrity corner. The flight was headed towards Islamabad and had lost communication while traveling from ...Dunya News, 1 month ago Junaid Jamshed's news sparks sorrow among celebrities Dunya News, 1 month ago
Pakistan team reach Japan for Judo Grand Slam
Zarif Ahmed is the coach and Col. Junaid Alam is the team official. LAHORE (APP): Pakistan judo contingent has reached Tokoy (Japan) to take part in the Judo Grand Slam being played from Friday. The party comprises three judokas and two ...Dunya News, 1 month ago Pakistan judo team reaches Tokyo Pakistan Press International, 1 month ago Judo team in Japan for Grand slam Pakistan Observer, 1 month ago Pak judo team reach Japan for Judo Grand slam Associated Press of Pakistan, 1 month ago
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Meet the U.S. hockey team
Ducks winger Bobby Ryan (right) and defenseman Ryan Whitney are part of a young, inexperienced U.S. men's hockey team that isn't given much of a chance in the Olympics.
The Register's Mark Whicker breaks down the U.S. squad before it prepares to play Switzerland today.
Related stories:
Full disclosure lets Ryan focus on hockey
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Victorino to miss Red Sox opener for backRed Sox outfielder Shane Victorino was held out for at least the first game of Sunday's doubleheader against the Royals with a back ailment. Farrell also didn't rule out having Victorino available for Game 2 on Sunday night. The Boston Red Sox had the emotion and a seven-game winning streak on their side. After that, the Red Sox will meet the newest member of the AL West, the Houston Astros, for the first time in a four-game set. The surging Sox might have been swept by Kansas City in Sunday's doubleheader, but they're still leading the American League East and they're getting a good challenge in a three-game series against the Oakland A's that begins Monday. Webster, who was acquired from the Los Angeles Dodgers in August as part of the nine-player trade that sent Josh Beckett, Adrian Gonzalez, Carl Crawford and Nick Punto westward, will make his major league debut.
Royals sweep doubleheader from Red SoxLorenzo Cain walked with two outs and the bases loaded in the 10th inning to give Kansas City a 5-4 victory over the Boston Red Sox on Sunday and complete the Royals' sweep of a day-night doubleheader.
Royals end Red Sox's winning streak at 7Ervin Santana pitched seven strong innings and the Kansas City Royals ended Boston's seven-game winning streak with a 4-2 win over the Red Sox in the opener of a day-night doubleheader on Sunday.
Red Sox duo named AL Players of the WeekRed Sox teammates Mike Napoli and Andrew Bailey have been named American League co-Players of the Week this week. It's the third time a pair of Boston players have shared the honor.
The Week Ahead: Red Sox Nation helps the healingThis week, the people of Boston will try to keep putting their lives back together in front of all of us, and baseball will be part of it, in the epicenter of Red Sox Nation.
Battery powers Royals to Game 1 victoryErvin Santana delivered seven strong innings, catcher Salvador Perez delivered the big hit and the Royals defeated the Red Sox, 4-2, on Sunday in the first game of a day-night doubleheader at Fenway Park.


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(from Hollywood Park notes)
Trainer Bob Baffert guns for his third victory in six years in the $200,000-added Hollywood Starlet (gr. I) Sunday with Victory U.S.A, the probable favorite in the test for 2-year-old fillies."All my good 2-year-old fillies have been different, but Victory U.S.A. is a lot like Habibti, a light filly but very talented," said Baffert Wednesday from his Santa Anita headquarters. Habibti was Baffert's 2001 Starlet winner.Baffert also won the Starlet in 1998 with Excellent Meeting but he is still reeling from the shock of last year, when his heavily favored Composure, a 1-to-5 shot, finished second to Elloluv, a 30-to-1 longshot.Baffert hopes to make amends with Victory U. S. A., who scored her second victory in five starts with a seven-length romp in the Moccasin Stakes at Hollywood Park on Nov. 16. The chestnut daughter of Victory Gallop finished third in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies (gr. I) and has earned $329,400 for owner Tom Van Meter II of Kentucky."She worked a half mile (in :47 2/5) here Tuesday with Dana Barnes," said Baffert, who has shipped the filly to Hollywood Park for schooling since the Moccasin.Baffert said that David Flores would ride the filly for the first time in the place of the injured Julie Krone, who rode her in the Moccasin. Krone will be sidelined for the remainder of the meet because of rib injuries suffered in a spill on Dec. 12.A field of six is probable for the Starlet at 1 1/16 miles. The lineup: Victory U. S. A. (Flores), Dixie High (Kent Desormeaux), Hollywood Story (Patrick Valenzuela), House of Fortune (Alex Solis), Rahy Dolly (Jose Valdivia, Jr.) and Rings and Things (Mike Smith). All starters will carry 120 pounds.
Baffert Favored to Collect 3rd Starlet Victory
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text: News Perth radio ratings: Mix94.5 cements market lead August 7, 2012 11:34 by Robin Hicks 0 Mix 94.5: cemented market lead Mix94.5 has built a strong market lead in the Nielsen radio ratings in Perth. The Southern Cross Austereo station pushed ahead from 13.2% to 15% share on Monday to Sunday – bigger audience growth than any other brand in the Perth survey. Fairfax-owned station 96FM, which performed strongly in the last survey, was the biggest faller this time round. The third most listened-to station in Perth fell by the same amount as Mix grew Monday to Sunday, down 1.8 percentage points. It fell further in the weekday ratings, down 2.2 percentage points to 11.7% share. Competition for second place is fierce, with 92.9 just ahead with 12.5% share, followed by 96FM (11.5%), ABC720 (11.4%) and Nova93.7 (11%). Today's 92.9 grew share from 11.4% to 12.5% – going particularly well at breakfast (up 1.6 percentage points) – and leapfrogging 96FM and Nova. Perth's Monday to Sunday ratings: Perth's Monday to Friday ratings: Robin Hicks topics Perth radio ratings Share Tweet Share Have your say Name Email Address (optional) Website (optional) ADVERTISEMENT Most Discussed 215 Comments When news colleagues go to war 166 Comments Creative departments subordinate women, says researcher who spent six months inside two Sydney agencies 92 Comments 'Aren't we all boat people?' MLA drops most political ad yet – and avoids the phrase 'Australia Day' 82 Comments Why Qantas boss Alan Joyce should have given his seat to a passenger who needed it more 58 Comments 'Women can jump up and down all they want' says Ultra Tune boss as brand launches new ads


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Phylogeographic analyses are being widely used to locate refugial areas for species' persistence during ice ages around the world. Surprisingly, a growing body of evidence is showing that many plant species were able to survive in multiple glacial refugia, some of which were located in areas of supposedly larger ice extent, that is, towards north and south latitudinal distributional ends for Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively (Premoli, 1998; Premoli et al., 2000; Stewart & Lister, 2001; McLachlan et al., 2005; Bhagwat & Willis, 2008; Jakob et al., 2009). For such species, phylogeographic evidence would then reflect the in situ survival of genetic variants that were established sometime in the past and endured the ice ages of the Neogene in long-lasting stable areas. As a result, geographic structures of extant populations can be traced back to the early Tertiary (Paleogene) history (Lumaret et al., 2002; Magri et al., 2007; Mathiasen & Premoli, 2010). Hence, a critical issue in the plant biogeography of such lineages is to understand ancient physical scenarios, including the spatial configuration of suitable areas and potential corridors, that is, paleogeographic features, driving early patterns of vicariance and dispersal.
The southern Nothofagus, currently distributed in land masses that were once united in Gondwana, is considered to be a key genus in plant geography, and has been the focus of numerous biogeographic reconstructions. This is mainly a result of the fact that the Nothofagus fossil record, particularly pollen, is relatively extensive and very well known (Hill, 2001), especially in southern South America (Romero, 1986a,b). Pollen diversity within Nothofagus consists of clearly distinct morphological groupings (Dettmann et al., 1990) that match the four extant subgenera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, Nothofagus and Brassospora (Hill & Read, 1991). They are monophyletic and related as: (Lophozonia (Fuscospora (Nothofagus, Brassospora))) (Manos, 1997). By the Oligocene at the latest, all the subgenera of Nothofagus were present and, since then, the amount of change, particularly for microfossils, has been relatively minor (Hill, 1991). As a result, distinct species within each of the individual pollen types, except those of subgenus Brassospora, are indistinguishable from others in the same pollen grouping (Hanks & Fairbrothers, 1976). In addition, the homoplasious nature of the leaf architectural traits in Nothofagus suggests that the identification of taxa based on macrofossils, such as leaf impressions, should be treated with caution (Jordan & Hill, 1999). Therefore, restrictions exist in Nothofagus for biogeographic reconstructions based on fossils, particularly at lower taxonomic levels.
The first appearance of Nothofagus pollen was recorded at 83.5 million yr ago (Ma) in southern Australia and Antarctica (Dettmann et al., 1990) and is remarkably consistent with molecular estimates (Cook & Crisp, 2005). Conversely, some inconsistencies occur for the radiation dates of extant lineages, estimated as 71–73 Ma for pollen attributed to all four subgenera (Dettmann et al., 1990; Swenson et al., 2001a) and no more than 58 Ma for the earliest node in the Nothofagus phylogeny (Cook & Crisp, 2005). Discrepancies may arise from interpretations of the fossil record, given that the occurrence of a given pollen type would not necessarily signal the appearance of the subgenus (Hill, 2001) or the origins of extant taxa (Knapp et al., 2005). Similarly, DNA regions analyzed by molecular studies may have distinct mutation rates (Manos, 1997 and references therein) and/or may show intraspecific polymorphisms which can alter phylogenetic reconstructions (Acosta & Premoli, 2010). As a consequence, biogeographic analyses of Nothofagus combining phylogenies with fossils have yielded ambiguous results.
Traditionally, Nothofagus was considered as an ancient genus not suited for ocean dispersal, which reinforced the hypothesis of vicariance and land-based dispersal to explain the transoceanic distributions in the Southern Hemisphere. However, combined phylogeny and molecular dating evidence by chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) put forward scenarios of recent divergence within subgenera Fuscospora and Lophozonia (Cook & Crisp, 2005; Knapp et al., 2005). Yet, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of subgenus Nothofagus in southern South America showed that, although nuclear DNA illustrates relationships among delimited species (Acosta & Premoli, 2010), cpDNA is region specific. Hence, the use of cpDNA in phylogenetic analyses needs to be revisited, given that neglected intraspecific polymorphisms may bias biogeographic interpretations.
Estimates of divergence times within and among species have always been a relevant topic of discussion in evolutionary biology. Abundant molecular evidence shows that most temperate taxa were profoundly affected by Quaternary events (Hewitt, 2000). However, a cpDNA phylogeography of the widespread cool-temperate rainforest species Nothofagus cunninghamii from south-eastern Australia and Tasmania yielded a deep chloroplast divergence which was interpreted as long-term in situ occupation that almost certainly significantly predates the ice ages (Worth et al., 2009). Similarly, a phylogeographic analysis of the South American cold-tolerant Nothofagus pumilio showed that the current genetic structure is the result of regional processes that took place during the early Tertiary (Paleogene) that were enhanced by contemporary local effects of drift and isolation in response to Quaternary glaciations in Patagonia (Mathiasen & Premoli, 2010; Premoli et al., 2010). In addition, although relatively recent among-species' divergence was suggested for congener species within subgenus Nothofagus (Romero, 1986a), population genetic studies provided evidence of a more ancient evolutionary history than previously hypothesized (Premoli, 1997). Nevertheless, the question is still open on how old are extant cold-hardy species and if the remains of an ancient genetic structure that were not erased by glacial eras can be traced by molecular dating methods on nuclear and chloroplast genomes, respectively.
Here, we dated a multispecies' phylogeographic analysis using DNA sequences of three noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome and the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Such extended nuclear and chloroplast genealogy was based on samples collected along the entire distributional range of the five extant species within subgenus Nothofagus–N. antarctica, N. betuloides, N. dombeyi, N. nitida and N. pumilio – in southern Argentina and Chile. The aim of our study was to analyze the spatially explicit evolutionary history of Nothofagus lineages in order to: evaluate whether spatially concordant phylogeographic patterns exist among populations of all species; provide a time frame from estimates of divergence times for the combined intra- and interspecific gene genealogies by nuclear and chloroplast regions; and reconstruct the biogeographic history in relation to paleofeatures of the landscape significantly distinct from those at present.


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Explore Warriors Mighty, Oaks Warriors, and more!
I love my veteran!!
The military should focus more on emphasizing the value of a veteran as oppose to forgetting all about them as soon as the contract is over. Learn to love your veterans and honor all that they have done.
Veteran's Typography Poster by Samantha Peck I did this project for Veteran's Day using words associated with America and those who serve to protect us


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JXSC Laboratory Msi Mining Gold Shaking Table
JXSC Laboratory Msi Mining Gold Shaking Table
Brief intruduction of shaking table
Shaking Table is the main gravity concentrator. It is applicable for the separation of fine-grained, micro-grained rare metal, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, precious metal, coal and other minerals. It can carry out the ore concentration operation independently, also it can work in conjunction with jig, screw separator, centrifugal separator and other equipment.
Application of gold recovery machine
small Shaking table is applicable for separations of fine-grained and micro-grained rare metal, ferrous and non-ferrous metal, precious metal , coal and other minerals.Shaking table can carry out ore concentration operation independently and also can operate in conjunction with jig, screw separator, centrifugal separator and other equipment.The shaking table normally had been put at the end of ore dressing plant as the final concentration processShaking table is to use the combined action of the specific gravity difference of sorted minerals, alternating movement of bed surface, and transverse oblique water flow and riffle (or notch groove)to allow loose layering of ores on the bed surface and fan-shaped zoning. Then different products can be produced. This machine is composed of three parts, i.e. head of shaking table, surface of shaking table,as well as bearing and adjusting gradient .
Drawing and Structure of gold recovery machine


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The fashion community is in wait-and-see mode as President Trump kicks off his agenda.
As Dior and Schiaparelli mark anniversaries, Versace has canceled its Atelier Versace couture show in favor of client events.
Consolidations are said to take place this week in advance of a trove of annual meetings.
Bernadette Penkov displayed her skills in the trenches with double breasted coats in loden green, tan, and grey.


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Corporate Visions, Brainshark releases to simplify sales content
This week two new releases to the online space should make it simpler for remote workers and sales staffs to find relevant content and then use that content to engage and convert consumers.
First, Corporate Visions is rolling out Power Launch, a new platform set up to push mobilly optimized content to sales teams in the field. The platform offers personalized and relevant content, in a mobile format.
"Companies come to us to develop unique visual storytelling presentations, which rely on simple, concrete, whiteboard-style graphics and provocative messaging to communicate a distinct point of view in the market," said Tim Riesterer, chief strategy and marketing officer for Corporate Visions. "To make sure your sales delivery is as remarkable and memorable as the new messaging and tools you just developed, you need to launch that content in an equally powerful way."
The platform delivers content which can then be used by sales teams as they meet with clients and can also deliver coaching content, to help sales pros ready for client meetings.
Meanwhile, from Brainshark, a new set of filters to be used within their Brainshark Content Portal. The new filters allow users to categorize content so that it is easier to find thereby increasing productivity.
"Consumers today are accustomed to finding what they need online effortlessly, using Amazon and other ecommerce sites," said Andy Zimmerman, Brainshark's chief marketing officer. "Employees expect that same experience in the business world. With custom filters, the Brainshark Content Portal now employs the best practices found on ecommerce sites to enable employees like sales reps to quickly locate and use the content they need as part of their day-to-day activities."
At the onset administrators using the platform create content filter names; as presentations and content are uploaded those filter names or categories are then tagged onto the presentations. This makes it simpler for users to find the relevant content they need quickly.
Image via Shutterstock
Tags: Brainshark, branded content, content and blogs, Corporate Visions, mobile marketing, sales content
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