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Kadelka, C.; D. Murrugarra; Laubenbacher, R.
The global dynamics of gene regulatory networks are known to show robustness to perturbations in the form of intrinsic and extrinsic noise, as well as mutations of individual genes. One molecular mechanism underlying this robustness has been identified as the action of so-called microRNAs that operate via feedforward loops. We present results of a computational study, using the modeling framework of stochastic Boolean networks, which explores the role that such network motifs play in stabiliz...
Intrinsic noise and two-dimensional maps: quasicycles, quasiperiodicity, and chaos.
Parra-Rojas, César; Challenger, Joseph D; Fanelli, Duccio; McKane, Alan J
We develop a formalism to describe the discrete-time dynamics of systems containing an arbitrary number of interacting species. The individual-based model, which forms our starting point, is described by a Markov chain, which in the limit of large system sizes is shown to be very well-approximated by a Fokker-Planck-like equation, or equivalently by a set of stochastic difference equations. This formalism is applied to the specific case of two species: one predator species and its prey species. Quasicycles, stochastic cycles sustained and amplified by the demographic noise, previously found in continuous-time predator-prey models are shown to exist, and their behavior predicted from a linear noise analysis is shown to be in very good agreement with simulations. The effects of the noise on other attractors in the corresponding deterministic map, such as periodic cycles, quasiperiodicity, and chaos, are also investigated. PMID:25314423
Physical white chaos generation
Wang, Anbang; Wang, Bingjie; Li, Lei; Zhang, Mingjiang; Zhang, Wendong
Physical chaos is a fascinating prospect for high-speed data security by serving as a masking carrier or a key source, but suffers from a colored spectrum that divulges system's intrinsic oscillations and degrades randomness. Here, we demonstrate that physical chaos with a white spectrum can be achieved by the optical heterodyning of two delayed-feedback lasers. A white chaotic spectrum with 1-dB fluctuation in a band of 11 GHz is experimentally obtained. The white chaos also has a perfect delta-like autocorrelation function and a high dimensionality of greater than 10, which makes chaos reconstruction extremely difficult and thus improves security.
Double Solution with Chaos Completion of de Broglie's Nonlinear Wave Mechanics and Its Intrinsic Unification with the Causally Extended Relativity
Kirilyuk, A P
As was shown previously, a simple system of interacting electromagnetic and gravitational protofields with generic parameters shows intrinsic instability with respect to unceasing cycles of physically real auto-squeeze (reduction) to randomly chosen centres and the reverse extension which form the causally probabilistic process of quantum beat observed as an elementary particle (like electron). Here we show that the emerging wave-particle duality, space, and time lead to the well-known equations of special relativity and quantum mechanics thus providing their causal extension and intrinsic unification. The relativistic inertial mass (energy) is universally defined as the temporal rate (intensity) of the chaotic quantum beat process(es). The same complex-dynamical processes and the same mass-energy account for the universal gravitation, since any reduction event in the electromagnetic protofield is reproduced within the (directly unobservable) gravitational protofield leading to an increase of its tension whic...
The first archaic Homo from Taiwan.
Chang, Chun-Hsiang; Kaifu, Yousuke; Takai, Masanaru; Kono, Reiko T; Grün, Rainer; Matsu'ura, Shuji; Kinsley, Les; Lin, Liang-Kong
Recent studies of an increasing number of hominin fossils highlight regional and chronological diversities of archaic Homo in the Pleistocene of eastern Asia. However, such a realization is still based on limited geographical occurrences mainly from Indonesia, China and Russian Altai. Here we describe a newly discovered archaic Homo mandible from Taiwan (Penghu 1), which further increases the diversity of Pleistocene Asian hominins. Penghu 1 revealed an unexpectedly late survival (younger than 450 but most likely 190-10 thousand years ago) of robust, apparently primitive dentognathic morphology in the periphery of the continent, which is unknown among the penecontemporaneous fossil records from other regions of Asia except for the mid-Middle Pleistocene Homo from Hexian, Eastern China. Such patterns of geographic trait distribution cannot be simply explained by clinal geographic variation of Homo erectus between northern China and Java, and suggests survival of multiple evolutionary lineages among archaic hominins before the arrival of modern humans in the region. PMID:25625212
Archaic and modern human distal humeral morphology.
Yokley, Todd R; Churchill, Steven E
The morphology of the proximal ulna has been shown to effectively differentiate archaic or premodern humans (such as Homo heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis) from modern humans (H. sapiens). Accordingly, the morphology of adjacent, articulating elements should be able to distinguish these two broad groups as well. Here we test the taxonomic utility of another portion of the elbow, the distal humerus, as a discriminator of archaic and modern humans. Principal components analysis was employed on a suite of log-raw and log-shape distal humeral measures to examine differences between Neandertal and modern human distal humeri. In addition, the morphological affinities of Broken Hill (Kabwe) E.898, an archaic human distal humeral fragment from the middle Pleistocene of Zambia, and five Pliocene and early Pleistocene australopith humeri were assessed. The morphometric analyses effectively differentiated the Neandertals from the other groups, while the Broken Hill humerus appears morphologically similar to modern human distal humeri. Thus, an archaic/modern human dichotomy-as previously reported for proximal ulnar morphology-is not supported with respect to distal humeral morphology. Relative to australopiths and modern humans, Neandertal humeri are characterized by large olecranon fossae and small distodorsal medial and lateral pillars. The seeming disparity in morphological affinities of proximal ulnae (in which all archaic human groups appear distinct from modern humans) and distal humeri (in which Neandertals appear distinct from modern humans, but other archaic humans do not) is probably indicative of a highly variable, possibly transitional population of which our knowledge is hampered by sample-size limitations imposed by the scarcity of middle-to-late Pleistocene premodern human fossils outside of Europe. PMID:16959299
Authenticity and autochthonous traditions in archaic and Hellenistic poetry
Klooster, Julia
J.J.H. Klooster, 'Authenticity and autochthonous traditions in archaic and Hellenistic poetry'. In E. Bakker (ed): Authorship, Authority and Authenticity in Archaic and Classical Greek Song. Proceedings of the Network for the Study of Archaic and Classical Greek Song, Vol. 2, Leiden: Brill
Silver sources of archaic Greek coinage
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The authors report on new chemical and lead isotopic results and interpretations of archaic Greek silver coins from the Asyut hoard which was buried around 475 B.C. Aeginetan coins were of central interest in this study. Possible ancient silver mines were explored in the Aegean region in the course of several geologic expeditions, and chemically and isotopically investigated. Some of the silver sources in Greece were traced by combination of the analytical methods and questions of provenance were solved. In addition, processes of silver smelting and refining were studied. Results and implications of this work are summarized in the final section on Conclusions. (orig.)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mueller, B.
The report contains viewgraphs on the following: ergodicity and chaos; Hamiltonian dynamics; metric properties; Lyapunov exponents; KS entropy; dynamical realization; lattice formulation; and numerical results.
Space in archaic Greek lyric: city, countryside and sea
Heirman, Jo
From the end of the twentieth century onwards space has become a 'hot topic' in literary studies. This thesis contributes to the spatial turn by focusing on space in archaic Greek lyric (7th-5th c bc). A theoretical framework inspired by narratology, phenomenology and metaphor theory is applied to archaic lyric poems in which city, countryside and sea are of importance. Heirman argues that space is predominantly symbolic: the city is a political or an erotic metaphor, the countryside an eroti...
Space in archaic Greek lyric: city, countryside and sea
Jong, de, J.; Heirman, J.G.M.
From the end of the twentieth century onwards space has become a 'hot topic' in literary studies. This thesis contributes to the spatial turn by focusing on space in archaic Greek lyric (7th-5th C BC). A theoretical framework inspired by narratology, phenomenology and metaphor theory is applied to archaic lyric poems in which city, countryside and sea are of importance. Heirman argues that space is predominantly symbolic: the city is a political or an erotic metaphor, the countryside an eroti...
Space in Archaic Greek Lyric : City, Countryside and Sea
Heirman, Jo
From the end of the twentieth century onwards space has become a 'hot topic' in literary studies. This thesis contributes to the spatial turn by focusing on space in archaic Greek lyric (7th-5th c bc). A theoretical framework inspired by narratology, phenomenology and metaphor theory is applied to a
Space in archaic Greek lyric: city, countryside and sea
J.G.M. Heirman
From the end of the twentieth century onwards space has become a 'hot topic' in literary studies. This thesis contributes to the spatial turn by focusing on space in archaic Greek lyric (7th-5th C BC). A theoretical framework inspired by narratology, phenomenology and metaphor theory is applied to a
Stochastic Chaos with Its Control and Synchronization
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Zhang Ying; Xu Wei; Zhang Tianshu; Yang Xiaoli; Wu Cunli; Fang Tong
The discovery of chaos in the sixties of last century was a breakthrough in concept,revealing the truth that some disorder behavior, called chaos, could happen even in a deterministic nonlinear system under barely deterministic disturbance. After a series of serious studies, people begin to acknowledge that chaos is a specific type of steady state motion other than the conventional periodic and quasi-periodic ones, featuring a sensitive dependence on initial conditions, resulting from the intrinsic randomness of a nonlinear system itself. In fact, chaos is a collective phenomenon consisting of massive individual chaotic responses, corresponding to different initial conditions in phase space. Any two adjacent individual chaotic responses repel each other, thus causing not only the sensitive dependence on initial conditions but also the existence of at least one positive top Lyapunov exponent (TLE) for chaos. Meanwhile, all the sample responses share one common invariant set on the Poincaré map, called chaotic attractor,which every sample response visits from time to time ergodically. So far, the existence of at least one positive TLE is a commonly acknowledged remarkable feature of chaos. We know that there are various forms of uncertainties in the real world. In theoretical studies, people often use stochastic models to describe these uncertainties, such as random variables or random processes.Systems with random variables as their parameters or with random processes as their excitations are often called stochastic systems. No doubt, chaotic phenomena also exist in stochastic systems, which we call stochastic chaos to distinguish it from deterministic chaos in the deterministic system. Stochastic chaos reflects not only the intrinsic randomness of the nonlinear system but also the external random effects of the random parameter or the random excitation.Hence, stochastic chaos is also a collective massive phenomenon, corresponding not only to different initial
Analysis of human accelerated DNA regions using archaic hominin genomes.
Burbano, Hernán A; Green, Richard E; Maricic, Tomislav; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; de la Rasilla, Marco; Rosas, Antonio; Kelso, Janet; Pollard, Katherine S; Lachmann, Michael; Pääbo, Svante
Several previous comparisons of the human genome with other primate and vertebrate genomes identified genomic regions that are highly conserved in vertebrate evolution but fast-evolving on the human lineage. These human accelerated regions (HARs) may be regions of past adaptive evolution in humans. Alternatively, they may be the result of non-adaptive processes, such as biased gene conversion. We captured and sequenced DNA from a collection of previously published HARs using DNA from an Iberian Neandertal. Combining these new data with shotgun sequence from the Neandertal and Denisova draft genomes, we determine at least one archaic hominin allele for 84% of all positions within HARs. We find that 8% of HAR substitutions are not observed in the archaic hominins and are thus recent in the sense that the derived allele had not come to fixation in the common ancestor of modern humans and archaic hominins. Further, we find that recent substitutions in HARs tend to have come to fixation faster than substitutions elsewhere in the genome and that substitutions in HARs tend to cluster in time, consistent with an episodic rather than a clock-like process underlying HAR evolution. Our catalog of sequence changes in HARs will help prioritize them for functional studies of genomic elements potentially responsible for modern human adaptations. PMID:22412940
Huwe, Terence K.
"Embracing the chaos" is an ongoing challenge for librarians. Embracing the chaos means librarians must have a plan for responding to the flood of new products, widgets, web tools, and gizmos that students use daily. In this article, the author argues that library instruction and access services have been grappling with that chaos with some degree…
Late archaic settlement systems in the northern Rio Grande
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Vierra, Bradley J.
Last year at these meetings I proposed a possible seasonal transhumance pattern for the Late Archaic in the northern Rio Grande region. This pattern involved the movement of groups from the lowland juniper-savanna grasslands in the early summer, to the upland ponderosa pindmixed conifer forests in the mid to late summer, and then back down to the piiion-juniper woodlands during the fall. The Rio Grande Valley was also used for winter habitation sites. Following on this research, I take the next step by studying the inter-assemblage variability represented in a sample of open-air sites located within each of these vegetation communities. The results indicate that there are significant differences in reduction tactics represented between valley habitation vs., upland campsites, and that these site sites are linked together by obsidian procurement patterns.
Universal quantification for deterministic chaos in dynamical systems
Selvam, A. Mary
A cell dynamical system model for deterministic chaos enables precise quantification of the round-off error growth,i.e., deterministic chaos in digital computer realizations of mathematical models of continuum dynamical systems. The model predicts the following: (a) The phase space trajectory (strange attractor) when resolved as a function of the computer accuracy has intrinsic logarithmic spiral curvature with the quasiperiodic Penrose tiling pattern for the internal structure. (b) The unive...
Manifestation of resonance-related chaos in coupled Josephson junctions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Manifestation of chaos in the temporal dependence of the electric charge is demonstrated through the calculation of the maximal Lyapunov exponent, phase–charge and charge–charge Lissajous diagrams and correlation functions. It is found that the number of junctions in the stack strongly influences the fine structure in the current–voltage characteristics and a strong proximity effect results from the nonperiodic boundary conditions. The observed resonance-related chaos exhibits intermittency. The criteria for a breakpoint region with no chaos are obtained. Such criteria could clarify recent experimental observations of variations in the power output from intrinsic Josephson junctions in high temperature superconductors.
Erçetin, Şefika; Tekin, Ali
The present work investigates global politics and political implications of social science and management with the aid of the latest complexity and chaos theories. Until now, deterministic chaos and nonlinear analysis have not been a focal point in this area of research. This book remedies this deficiency by utilizing these methods in the analysis of the subject matter. The authors provide the reader a detailed analysis on politics and its associated applications with the help of chaos theory, in a single edited volume.
Quantum Chaos and Statistical Mechanics
Srednicki, Mark
We briefly review the well known connection between classical chaos and classical statistical mechanics, and the recently discovered connection between quantum chaos and quantum statistical mechanics.
Understanding Chaos via Nuclei
Cejnar, Pavel; Stránský, Pavel
We use two models of nuclear collective dynamics - the geometric collective model and the interacting boson model - to illustrate principles of classical and quantum chaos. We propose these models as a suitable testing ground for further elaborations of the general theory of chaos in both classical and quantum domains.
Science of Chaos or Chaos in Science?
Bricmont, Jean
I try to clarify several confusions in the popular literature concerning chaos, determinism, the arrow of time, entropy and the role of probability in physics. Classical ideas going back to Laplace and Boltzmann are explained and defended while some recent views on irreversibility, due to Prigogine, are criticized.
Maldacena, Juan; Stanford, Douglas
We conjecture a sharp bound on the rate of growth of chaos in thermal quantum systems with a large number of degrees of freedom. Chaos can be diagnosed using an out-of-time-order correlation function closely related to the commutator of operators separated in time. We conjecture that the influence of chaos on this correlator can develop no faster than exponentially, with Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda_L \\le 2 \\pi k_B T/\\hbar$. We give a precise mathematical argument, based on plausible physical assumptions, establishing this conjecture.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rapid growth in the study of nonlinear dynamics and chaos in classical mechanics, has led physicists to reappraise their abandonment of this definition of atomic theory in favour of quantum mechanics adopted earlier this century. The concept of chaos in classical mechanics is examined in this paper and manifestations of chaos in quantum mechanics are explored. While quantum mechanics teaches that atomic particles must not be pictured as moving sharply in defined orbits, these precise orbits can be used to describe essential features of the measurable quantum mechanical spectra. (UK)
Chaos applications in telecommunications
Stavroulakis, Peter
IntroductionPeter StavroulakisChaotic Signal Generation and Transmission Antonio Cândido Faleiros,Waldecir João Perrella,TâniaNunes Rabello,Adalberto Sampaio Santos, andNeiYoshihiro SomaChaotic Transceiver Design Arthur Fleming-DahlChaos-Based Modulation and DemodulationTechniques Francis C.M. Lau and Chi K. TseA Chaos Approach to Asynchronous DS-CDMASystems S. Callegari, G. Mazzini, R. Rovatti, and G. SettiChannel Equalization in Chaotic CommunicationSystems Mahmut CiftciOptical Communications using ChaoticTechniques Gregory D. VanWiggerenAPPENDIX AFundamental Concepts of the Theory ofChaos a
Jorás, S E; Jor\\'as, Sergio E.
We show evidence for a relationship between chaos and parametric resonance both in a classical system and in the semiclassical process of particle creation. We apply our considerations in a toy model for preheating after inflation.
Exploiting chaos for applications
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We discuss how understanding the nature of chaotic dynamics allows us to control these systems. A controlled chaotic system can then serve as a versatile pattern generator that can be used for a range of application. Specifically, we will discuss the application of controlled chaos to the design of novel computational paradigms. Thus, we present an illustrative research arc, starting with ideas of control, based on the general understanding of chaos, moving over to applications that influence the course of building better devices
Hosur, Pavan; Qi, Xiao-Liang; Roberts, Daniel; Yoshida, Beni(Institute for Quantum Information & Matter and Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, U.S.A.)
We study chaos and scrambling in unitary channels by considering their entanglement properties as states. Using out-of-time-order correlation functions to diagnose chaos, we characterize the ability of a channel to process quantum information. We show that the generic decay of such correlators implies that any input subsystem must have near vanishing mutual information with almost all partitions of the output. Additionally, we propose the negativity of the tripartite information of the channe...
Exploiting chaos for applications
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ditto, William L., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 (United States); Sinha, Sudeshna, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli 140306, Punjab (India)
We discuss how understanding the nature of chaotic dynamics allows us to control these systems. A controlled chaotic system can then serve as a versatile pattern generator that can be used for a range of application. Specifically, we will discuss the application of controlled chaos to the design of novel computational paradigms. Thus, we present an illustrative research arc, starting with ideas of control, based on the general understanding of chaos, moving over to applications that influence the course of building better devices.
Deterministic chaos an introduction
Schuster, Heinz Georg
A new edition of this well-established monograph, this volume provides a comprehensive overview over the still fascinating field of chaos research. The authors include recent developments such as systems with restricted degrees of freedom but put also a strong emphasis on the mathematical foundations. Partly illustrated in color, this fourth edition features new sections from applied nonlinear science, like control of chaos, synchronisation of nonlinear systems, and turbulence, as well as recent theoretical concepts like strange nonchaotic attractors, on-off intermittency and spatio-temporal chaotic motion
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
B. Buti
Full Text Available A nonlinear wave, in general, is equivalent to a nonlinear dynamical system, which exhibits the phenomena of chaos. By means of techniques of nonlinear dynamical systems, we have investigated the conditions under which nonlinear Alfvén waves and lower-hybrid waves can become chaotic. The role of heavy ions, in controlling the chaos in magnetoplasmas, is examined. Chaotic routes to Alfvénic turbulence, with k-1 spectra, are observed in case of externally driven nonlinear Alfvén waves. Anomalous heating and particle acceleration resulting from chaotic fields, generated by lower-hybrid waves, are briefly outlined.
Akhmet, Marat; Fen, Mehmet Onur
Morphogenesis, as it is understood in a wide sense by Ren\\'e Thom, is considered for various types of chaos. That is, those, obtained by period-doubling cascade, Devaney's and Li-Yorke chaos. Moreover, in discussion form we consider inheritance of intermittency, the double-scroll Chua's attractor and quasiperiodical motions as a possible skeleton of a chaotic attractor. To make our introduction of the paper more clear, we have to say that one may consider other various accompanying concepts o...
Dissipative structures and chaos
Mori, Hazime
This monograph consists of two parts and gives an approach to the physics of open nonequilibrium systems. Part I derives the phenomena of dissipative structures on the basis of reduced evolution equations and includes Bénard convection and Belousov-Zhabotinskii chemical reactions. Part II discusses the physics and structures of chaos. While presenting a construction of the statistical physics of chaos, the authors unify the geometrical and statistical descriptions of dynamical systems. The shape of chaotic attractors is characterized, as are the mixing and diffusion of chaotic orbits and the fluctuation of energy dissipation exhibited by chaotic systems.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Classification of chaotic patterns in classical Hamiltonian systems is given as a series of levels with increasing disorder. Hamiltonian dynamics is presented, including the renormalization chaos, based upon the fairly simple resonant theory. First estimates for the critical structure and related statistical anomalies in arbitrary dimensions are discussed. 49 refs
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kratochvíl C.
Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to provide an elementary introduction to the subject of chaos in the electromechanical drive systems. In this article, we explore chaotic solutions of maps and continuous time systems. These solutions are also bounded like equilibrium, periodic and quasiperiodic solutions.
Neural chaos and schizophrenia
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Bob, P.; Chládek, Jan; Šusta, M.; Glaslová, K.; Jagla, F.; Kukleta, M.
Roč. 26, č. 4 (2007), s. 298-305. ISSN 0231-5882 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20650511 Keywords : EDA * Lyapunov exponent * schizophrenia * chaos Subject RIV: FL - Psychiatry, Sexuology Impact factor: 1.286, year: 2007
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
R. Kříž
Full Text Available This paper presents an analysis of GDP and finds chaos in GDP. I tried to find a nonlinear lower-dimensional discrete dynamic macroeconomic model that would characterize GDP. This model is represented by a set of differential equations. I have used the Mathematica and MS Excel programs for the analysis.
R. Kříž
This paper presents an analysis of GDP and finds chaos in GDP. I tried to find a nonlinear lower-dimensional discrete dynamic macroeconomic model that would characterize GDP. This model is represented by a set of differential equations. I have used the Mathematica and MS Excel programs for the analysis.
High-dimensional chaos from self-sustained collisions of solitons
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We experimentally demonstrate chaos generation based on collisions of electrical solitons on a nonlinear transmission line. The nonlinear line creates solitons, and an amplifier connected to it provides gain to these solitons for their self-excitation and self-sustenance. Critically, the amplifier also provides a mechanism to enable and intensify collisions among solitons. These collisional interactions are of intrinsically nonlinear nature, modulating the phase and amplitude of solitons, thus causing chaos. This chaos generated by the exploitation of the nonlinear wave phenomena is inherently high-dimensional, which we also demonstrate.
Global genetic variation at OAS1 provides evidence of archaic admixture in Melanesian populations.
Mendez, Fernando L; Watkins, Joseph C; Hammer, Michael F
Recent analysis of DNA extracted from two Eurasian forms of archaic human shows that more genetic variants are shared with humans currently living in Eurasia than with anatomically modern humans in sub-Saharan Africa. Although these genome-wide average measures of genetic similarity are consistent with the hypothesis of archaic admixture in Eurasia, analyses of individual loci exhibiting the signal of archaic introgression are needed to test alternative hypotheses and investigate the admixture process. Here, we provide a detailed sequence analysis of the innate immune gene OAS1, a locus with a divergent Melanesian haplotype that is very similar to the Denisova sequence from the Altai region of Siberia. We resequenced a 7-kb region encompassing the OAS1 gene in 88 individuals from six Old World populations (San, Biaka, Mandenka, French Basque, Han Chinese, and Papua New Guineans) and discovered previously unknown and ancient genetic variation. The 5' region of this gene has unusual patterns of diversity, including 1) higher levels of nucleotide diversity in Papuans than in sub-Saharan Africans, 2) very deep ancestry with an estimated time to the most recent common ancestor of >3 myr, and 3) a basal branching pattern with Papuan individuals on either side of the rooted network. A global geographic survey of >1,500 individuals showed that the divergent Papuan haplotype is nearly restricted to populations from eastern Indonesia and Melanesia. Polymorphic sites within this haplotype are shared with the draft Denisova genome over a span of ∼90 kb and are associated with an extended block of linkage disequilibrium, supporting the hypothesis that this haplotype introgressed from an archaic source that likely lived in Eurasia. PMID:22319157
Wild Goat style ceramics at Troy and the impact of Archaic period colonisation on the Troad
Aslan, Carolyn C.; Pernicka, Ernst
The establishment of colonies along the Hellespont by inhabitants of Ionia, Athens and Lesbos is well-known from historical texts. Recently, stratified contexts at Troy as well as other surveys and excavations have yielded new information about the chronology and material markers of Archaic period settlements in the Troad and the Gallipoli peninsula. The archaeological evidence for colonisation in this region is not clearly seen until the late seventh to early sixth century BC when there is a...
Ceramic Technology, Women, and Settlement Patterns in Late Archaic Southwestern Idaho
Dougherty, Jessica A.
This research employs a sample of archaeological sites from three ecological zones to investigate the mobility strategies of hunter-gatherer groups in Late Archaic southwestern Idaho. The sample sites are organized into site types based on an independent evaluation of site components and existing site records. Ceramic assemblages at each site were analyzed to quantify the investment in ceramic technology, as a proxy for mobility. These measures were then compared to expectations generated fro...
The Birth of the Mob: Representations of Crowds in Archaic and Classical Greek Literature
Schwab, Justin Jon
AbstractThe Birth of the Mob: Representations of Crowds in Archaic and Classical Greek LiteraturebyJustin Jon SchwabDoctor of Philosophy in ClassicsUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Leslie Kurke, Chair This dissertation surveys the representation of crowds and related phenomena in Homer, the Attic tragedians, and Aristophanes. The first chapter begins by noting that while recent scholarship has explored the role of the crowd in ancient Roman history and literature, virtually no simi...
Fuzzy controller based on chaos optimal design and its application
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
邹恩; 李祥飞; 张泰山
In order to overcome difficulty of tuning parameters of fuzzy controller, a chaos optimal design method based on annealing strategy is proposed. First, apply the chaotic variables to search for parameters of fuzzy controller, and transform the optimal variables into chaotic variables by carrier-wave method. Making use of the intrinsic stochastic property and ergodicity of chaos movement to escape from the local minimum and direct optimization searching within global range, an approximate global optimal solution is obtained. Then, the chaos local searching and optimization based on annealing strategy are cited, the parameters are optimized again within the limits of the approximate global optimal solution, the optimization is realized by means of combination of global and partial chaos searching, which can converge quickly to global optimal value. Finally, the third order system and discrete nonlinear system are simulated and compared with traditional method of fuzzy control. The results show that the new chaos optimal design method is superior to fuzzy control method, and that the control results are of high precision, with no overshoot and fast response.
A Structure behind Primitive Chaos
Ogasawara, Yoshihito
Recently, a new concept, primitive chaos, has been proposed as a concept closely related to the fundamental problems of physics itself such as determinism, causality, free will, predictability, and irreversibility [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 015002 (2010)]. This paper reveals a structure hidden behind the primitive chaos; under some conditions, a new primitive chaos is constructed from the original primitive chaos, this procedure can be repeated, and the hierarchical structure of the primitive chaos is obtained. This implies such a picture that new events and causality are constructed from the old ones, with the aid of the concept of a coarse graining. As an application of this structure, interesting facts are revealed for the essential condition of the primitive chaos and for chaotic behaviors.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tél, Tamás [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Eötvös University, and MTA-ELTE Theoretical Physics Research Group, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Budapest H-1117 (Hungary)
We intend to show that transient chaos is a very appealing, but still not widely appreciated, subfield of nonlinear dynamics. Besides flashing its basic properties and giving a brief overview of the many applications, a few recent transient-chaos-related subjects are introduced in some detail. These include the dynamics of decision making, dispersion, and sedimentation of volcanic ash, doubly transient chaos of undriven autonomous mechanical systems, and a dynamical systems approach to energy absorption or explosion.
Chaos detection and predictability
Gottwald, Georg; Laskar, Jacques
Distinguishing chaoticity from regularity in deterministic dynamical systems and specifying the subspace of the phase space in which instabilities are expected to occur is of utmost importance in as disparate areas as astronomy, particle physics and climate dynamics. To address these issues there exists a plethora of methods for chaos detection and predictability. The most commonly employed technique for investigating chaotic dynamics, i.e. the computation of Lyapunov exponents, however, may suffer a number of problems and drawbacks, for example when applied to noisy experimental data. In the last two decades, several novel methods have been developed for the fast and reliable determination of the regular or chaotic nature of orbits, aimed at overcoming the shortcomings of more traditional techniques. This set of lecture notes and tutorial reviews serves as an introduction to and overview of modern chaos detection and predictability techniques for graduate students and non-specialists. The book cover...
Hosur, Pavan; Roberts, Daniel A; Yoshida, Beni
We study chaos and scrambling in unitary channels by considering their entanglement properties as states. Using out-of-time-order correlation functions to diagnose chaos, we characterize the ability of a channel to process quantum information. We show that the generic decay of such correlators implies that any input subsystem must have near vanishing mutual information with almost all partitions of the output. Additionally, we propose the negativity of the tripartite information of the channel as a general diagnostic of scrambling. This measures the delocalization of information and is closely related to the decay of out-of-time-order correlators. We back up our results with numerics in two non-integrable models and analytic results in a perfect tensor network model of chaotic time evolution. These results show that the butterfly effect in quantum systems implies the information-theoretic definition of scrambling.
Recent Progress in Controlling Chaos
Sanjuan, Miguel AF
This book provides a collection of research papers on one of the topics where the applications of chaos have been more fruitful: controlling chaos. Here, new theoretical ideas, as experimental implementations of controlling chaos, are included, while the applications contained in this volume can be referred to turbulent magnetized plasmas, chaotic neural networks, modeling city traffic and models of interest in celestial mechanics. "Recent Progress in Controlling Chaos" will provide an overview of the recent progress in this field, which will be very useful for students and researche
Robust chaos and its applications
Zeraoulia, Elhadj
Robust chaos is defined by the absence of periodic windows and coexisting attractors in some neighborhoods in the parameter space of a dynamical system. This unique book explores the definition, sources, and roles of robust chaos. The book is written in a reasonably self-contained manner and aims to provide students and researchers with the necessary understanding of the subject. Most of the known results, experiments, and conjectures about chaos in general and about robust chaos in particular are collected here in a pedagogical form. Many examples of dynamical systems, ranging from purely mat
Martingales, Nonlinearity, and Chaos
Barnett, William A.; Apostolos Serletis
In this article we provide a review of the literature with respect to the efficient markets hypothesis and chaos. In doing so, we contrast the martingale behavior of asset prices to nonlinear chaotic dynamics, discuss some recent techniques used in distinguishing between probabilistic and deterministic behavior in asset prices, and report some evidence. Moreover, we look at the controversies that have arisen about the available tests and results, and raise the issue of whether dynamical syste...
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Beran, Zdeněk; Čelikovský, Sergej
Roč. 23, č. 5 (2013), 1350084-1-1350084-9. ISSN 0218-1274 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-20433S Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : Hyperspace * chaos * shadowing * Bernoulli shift Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory Impact factor: 1.017, year: 2013 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2013/TR/beran-0392926.pdf
Earnshow, R; Jones, H
This volume is based upon the presentations made at an international conference in London on the subject of 'Fractals and Chaos'. The objective of the conference was to bring together some of the leading practitioners and exponents in the overlapping fields of fractal geometry and chaos theory, with a view to exploring some of the relationships between the two domains. Based on this initial conference and subsequent exchanges between the editors and the authors, revised and updated papers were produced. These papers are contained in the present volume. We thank all those who contributed to this effort by way of planning and organisation, and also all those who helped in the production of this volume. In particular, we wish to express our appreciation to Gerhard Rossbach, Computer Science Editor, Craig Van Dyck, Production Director, and Nancy A. Rogers, who did the typesetting. A. J. Crilly R. A. Earnshaw H. Jones 1 March 1990 Introduction Fractals and Chaos The word 'fractal' was coined by Benoit Mandelbrot i...
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A. Bonatto
Full Text Available Chaos is based on nonlinear phenomena occurring everywhere, but it brings stability and its own structure. Many are the linear realities, but there are phenomena to which mathematical systems do not describe acceptably. Charting these relationships is challenging to obtain a representative model of reality. In the chaos, a small disturbance will amplify, and initially close trajectories diverge. The instability leads to new aspects. This helps in the process of modeling for the study of simulations that are applied in the financial and economic fields, showing that the market continues to disorder in an organized manner. Research in the last 25 years focus on the risk and volatility of the behavior of commodity prices. The analysis and forecast of price behavior in commodity markets are relevant both for producers, cooperatives and industries and for global financial markets. These applications aim to enable projections of future commodity prices, improving decision-making in the future. In modeling commodity time series we must take into account several factors such as seasonality in prices due to fluctuations in supply and demand during periods of crop and season. The analysis of the behavior of prices of an asset is important for predicting future revenue, past behavior analysis of a series of prices and study of the historical price of a product. That's one reason the applicability of chaos theory: the ability to identify and explain fluctuations in the markets that appear to be random, but actually are not.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In the last decade quantum chaos has become a well established discipline with outreach to different fields, from condensed-matter to nuclear physics. The most important signature of quantum chaos is the statistical analysis of the energy spectrum, which distinguishes between systems with integrable and chaotic classical analogues. In recent years, spectral statistical techniques inherited from quantum chaos have been applied successfully to the baryon spectrum revealing its likely chaotic behaviour even at the lowest energies. However, the theoretical spectra present a behaviour closer to the statistics of integrable systems which makes theory and experiment statistically incompatible. The usual statement of missing resonances in the experimental spectrum when compared to the theoretical ones cannot account for the discrepancies. In this communication we report an improved analysis of the baryon spectrum, taking into account the low statistics and the error bars associated with each resonance. Our findings give a major support to the previous conclusions. Besides, analogue analyses are performed in the experimental meson spectrum, with comparison to theoretical models.
Chaos Theory and Post Modernism
Snell, Joel
Chaos theory is often associated with post modernism. However, one may make the point that both terms are misunderstood. The point of this article is to define both terms and indicate their relationship. Description: Chaos theory is associated with a definition of a theory dealing with variables (butterflies) that are not directly related to a…
Chaos Criminology: A critical analysis
McCarthy, Adrienne L.
There has been a push since the early 1980's for a paradigm shift in criminology from a Newtonian-based ontology to one of quantum physics. Primarily this effort has taken the form of integrating Chaos Theory into Criminology into what this thesis calls 'Chaos Criminology'. However, with the melding of any two fields, terms and concepts need to be translated properly, which has yet to be done. In addition to proving a translation between fields, this thesis also uses a set of criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of the current use of Chaos Theory in Criminology. While the results of the theory evaluation reveal that the current Chaos Criminology work is severely lacking and in need of development, there is some promise in the development of Marx's dialectical materialism with Chaos Theory.
Transition to Chaos in Random Neuronal Networks
Kadmon, Jonathan; Sompolinsky, Haim
Firing patterns in the central nervous system often exhibit strong temporal irregularity and considerable heterogeneity in time-averaged response properties. Previous studies suggested that these properties are the outcome of the intrinsic chaotic dynamics of the neural circuits. Indeed, simplified rate-based neuronal networks with synaptic connections drawn from Gaussian distribution and sigmoidal nonlinearity are known to exhibit chaotic dynamics when the synaptic gain (i.e., connection variance) is sufficiently large. In the limit of an infinitely large network, there is a sharp transition from a fixed point to chaos, as the synaptic gain reaches a critical value. Near the onset, chaotic fluctuations are slow, analogous to the ubiquitous, slow irregular fluctuations observed in the firing rates of many cortical circuits. However, the existence of a transition from a fixed point to chaos in neuronal circuit models with more realistic architectures and firing dynamics has not been established. In this work, we investigate rate-based dynamics of neuronal circuits composed of several subpopulations with randomly diluted connections. Nonzero connections are either positive for excitatory neurons or negative for inhibitory ones, while single neuron output is strictly positive with output rates rising as a power law above threshold, in line with known constraints in many biological systems. Using dynamic mean field theory, we find the phase diagram depicting the regimes of stable fixed-point, unstable-dynamic, and chaotic-rate fluctuations. We focus on the latter and characterize the properties of systems near this transition. We show that dilute excitatory-inhibitory architectures exhibit the same onset to chaos as the single population with Gaussian connectivity. In these architectures, the large mean excitatory and inhibitory inputs dynamically balance each other, amplifying the effect of the residual fluctuations. Importantly, the existence of a transition to chaos
Can We Get Inside the Aesthetic Sensibility of the Archaic Past?
Frederic Will
This essay is about getting inside the sensibility of the archaic past.[1] Can we get into the creative mind of the painter of The Sorcerer? Can we reconstruct the sensibility of prehistoric humans? Can we recover the humor of the prehistoric artist? Can we do it? After all, sense equipment is the same in men and women of all ages, and though each age inflects its sense usages uniquely, there should remain an underlying continuity among sensibilities. Shouldn't we be able to return into earli...
Multielement analysis of archaic Chinese bronze and antique coins by fast neutron activation analysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Samples of archaic bronze were investigated by fast neutron activation analysis using both the absolute and relative method. The components Cu, Zn, Sn and Pb were determined quantitatively. For nondestructive analysis of antique Chinese coins the samples had to be irradiated. The activation reactions, the evaluation of the elemental concentrations and the accuracy of the results are discussed. The data were corrected for γ-ray self-absorption in the samples and summing of coincident γ-rays in the detector. According to reported typical compositions of Chinese bronze from different dynasties, the age of the samples has been derived from the results obtained. (author) 18 refs.; 3 figs.; 7 tabs
An archaic crested plesiosaur in opal from the Lower Cretaceous high-latitude deposits of Australia
Kear, Benjamin P.; Schroeder, Natalie I; Michael S Y Lee
Umoonasaurus demoscyllus gen. et sp. nov. is a new small-bodied (approx. 2.5 m) pliosauroid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) of southern Australia. It is represented by several partial skeletons (one with a near complete skull is the most complete opalized vertebrate fossil yet known), and is unique in having large crests on the skull midline and above the orbits. Umoonasaurus is surprisingly archaic despite its relatively late age (approx. 115 Myr ago)—being simultaneousl...
The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period
Ekroth, Gunnel
This study questions the traditional view of sacrifices in hero-cults during the Archaic to the early Hellenistic periods. The analysis of the epigraphical and literary evidence for sacrifices to heroes in these periods shows, contrary to the traditional notion, that the main ritual in hero-cults was a thysia at which the worshippers consumed the meat from the animal victim. A particular handling of the animal's blood or a holocaust, rituals previously taken to be typical for heroes, can rare...
The Retentivity of Chaos under Topological Conjugation
Tianxiu Lu; Peiyong Zhu; Xinxing Wu
The definitions of Devaney chaos (DevC), exact Devaney chaos (EDevC), mixing Devaney chaos (MDevC), and weak mixing Devaney chaos (WMDevC) are extended to topological spaces. This paper proves that these chaotic properties are all preserved under topological conjugation. Besides, an example is given to show that the Li-Yorke chaos is not preserved under topological conjugation if the domain is extended to a general metric space.
Chaos a very short introduction
Smith, Leonard
Chaos: A Very Short Introduction shows that we all have an intuitive understanding of chaotic systems. It uses accessible maths and physics (replacing complex equations with simple examples like pendulums, railway lines, and tossing coins) to explain the theory, and points to numerous examples in philosophy and literature (Edgar Allen Poe, Chang-Tzu, and Arthur Conan Doyle) that illuminate the problems. The beauty of fractal patterns and their relation to chaos, as well as the history of chaos, and its uses in the real world and implications for the philosophy of science are all discussed in this Very Short Introduction.
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Goldsmith Brendan
Full Text Available The intrinsic algebraic entropy ent(ɸ of an endomorphism ɸ of an Abelian group G can be computed using fully inert subgroups of ɸ-invariant sections of G, instead of the whole family of ɸ-inert subgroups. For a class of groups containing the groups of finite rank, aswell as those groupswhich are trajectories of finitely generated subgroups, it is proved that only fully inert subgroups of the group itself are needed to comput ent(ɸ. Examples show how the situation may be quite different outside of this class.
Schmidt, Britney E.
A critical question for the habitability of Europa remains: how does the ice shell work? The detection of shallow subsurface lenses below Europa's chaos implies that the ice shell is recycled rapidly and that Europa may be currently active. While this is not the first time liquid water has been implicated for Europa, the location of these features combined with new perspective on their dynamics frames the question in a new way. Melt lenses are intriguing potential habitats. Moreover, their formation requires the existence of impurities within the upper ice shell that may be sources of energy for microorganisms. Geomorphic evidence also exists for hydraulic redistribution of fluids both vertically and horizontally through pores and fractures. This process, observed in terrestrial ice shelves, may preserve liquid water within the ice matrix over many kilometers from the source. Horizontal transport of material may produce interconnectivity between distinct regions of Europa, thus preserving habitable conditions within the ice over a longer duration. At a surface age of 40-90 Myr, with 25-50% covered by chaos terrain, Europa's resurfacing rate is very high and water likely plays a significant role. Because of the vigor of overturn implied by this new work, it is likely that surface and subsurface materials are well-mixed within the largest and deepest lenses, providing a mechanism for bringing oxidants and other surface contaminants to the deeper ice shell where it can reach the ocean by convective or compositional effects. The timescales over which large lenses refreeze are large compared to the timescales for vertical transport, while the timescales for smaller lenses are comparable to or shorter than convective timescales. Moreover, marine ice accretion at the bottom of the ice shell may be contributing to a compositional buoyancy engine that would change the makeup of the ice shell. From this point of view, we evaluate the habitability of Europa's ice and
Ancient and Current Chaos Theories
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Güngör Gündüz
Full Text Available Chaos theories developed in the last three decades have made very important contributions to our understanding of dynamical systems and natural phenomena. The meaning of chaos in the current theories and in the past is somewhat different from each other. In this work, the properties of dynamical systems and the evolution of chaotic systems were discussed in terms of the views of ancient philosophers. The meaning of chaos in Anaximenes' philosophy and its role in the Ancient natural philosophy has been discussed in relation to other natural philosophers such as of Anaximander, Parmenides, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Leucippus (i.e. atomists and Aristotle. In addition, the fundamental concepts of statistical mechanics and the current chaos theories were discussed in relation to the views in Ancient natural philosophy. The roots of the scientific concepts such as randomness, autocatalysis, nonlinear growth, information, pattern, etc. in the Ancient natural philosophy were investigated.
Cryptography with chaos and shadowing
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Smaoui, Nejib [Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060 (Kuwait)], E-mail: email@example.com; Kanso, Ali [Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060 (Kuwait)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
In this paper, we present a novel approach to encrypt a message (a text composed by some alphabets) using chaos and shadowing. First, we generate a numerical chaotic orbit based on the logistic map, and use the shadowing algorithm of Smaoui and Kostelich [Smaoui N, Kostelich E. Using chaos to shadow the quadratic map for all time. Int J Comput Math 1998;70:117-29] to show that there exists a finite number of true orbits that shadow the numerical orbit. Then, the finite number of maps generated is used in Baptista's algorithm [Baptista MS. Cryptography with chaos. Phys Lett A 1998;240:50-4] to encrypt each character of the message. It is shown that the use of chaos and shadowing in the encryption process enhances the security level.
Quantum Instantons and Quantum Chaos
Jirari, H.; Kröger, H.; Luo, X. Q.; Moriarty, K. J. M.; Rubin, S. G.
Based on a closed form expression for the path integral of quantum transition amplitudes, we suggest rigorous definitions of both, quantum instantons and quantum chaos. As an example we compute the quantum instanton of the double well potential.
Cryptography with chaos and shadowing
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this paper, we present a novel approach to encrypt a message (a text composed by some alphabets) using chaos and shadowing. First, we generate a numerical chaotic orbit based on the logistic map, and use the shadowing algorithm of Smaoui and Kostelich [Smaoui N, Kostelich E. Using chaos to shadow the quadratic map for all time. Int J Comput Math 1998;70:117-29] to show that there exists a finite number of true orbits that shadow the numerical orbit. Then, the finite number of maps generated is used in Baptista's algorithm [Baptista MS. Cryptography with chaos. Phys Lett A 1998;240:50-4] to encrypt each character of the message. It is shown that the use of chaos and shadowing in the encryption process enhances the security level.
Quantum Chaos and Quantum Computers
Shepelyansky, D L
The standard generic quantum computer model is studied analytically and numerically and the border for emergence of quantum chaos, induced by imperfections and residual inter-qubit couplings, is determined. This phenomenon appears in an isolated quantum computer without any external decoherence. The onset of quantum chaos leads to quantum computer hardware melting, strong quantum entropy growth and destruction of computer operability. The time scales for development of quantum chaos and ergodicity are determined. In spite the fact that this phenomenon is rather dangerous for quantum computing it is shown that the quantum chaos border for inter-qubit coupling is exponentially larger than the energy level spacing between quantum computer eigenstates and drops only linearly with the number of qubits n. As a result the ideal multi-qubit structure of the computer remains rather robust against imperfections. This opens a broad parameter region for a possible realization of quantum computer. The obtained results are...
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Akio Matsumoto
Full Text Available This study augments the traditional linear cobweb model with lower and upper bounds for variations of output. Its purpose is to detect the relationship between the output constraints and the dynamics of the modified model. Due to the upper and lower bounds, a transitional function takes on a tilted z-profile having three piecewise segments with two turning points. It prevents the price (or quantity dynamics from explosive oscillations. This study demonstrates, by presenting numerical examples, that the modified cobweb model can generate various dynamics ranging from stable periodic cycles to ergodic chaos if a product of the marginal propensity to consume and the marginal product is greater than unity.
Wernecke, Hendrik; Gros, Claudius
For a chaotic system pairs of initially close-by trajectories become eventually fully uncorrelated on the attracting set. This process of decorrelation is split into an initial decrease characterized by the maximal Lyapunov exponent and a subsequent diffusive process on the chaotic attractor causing the final loss of predictability. The time scales of both processes can be either of the same or of very different orders of magnitude. In the latter case the two trajectories linger within a finite but small distance (with respect to the overall size of the attractor) for exceedingly long times and therefore remain partially predictable. We introduce a 0-1 indicator for chaos capable of describing this scenario, arguing, in addition, that the chaotic closed braids found close to a period-doubling transition are generically partially predictable.
Ercsey-Ravasz, Maria
The mathematical structure of the widely popular Sudoku puzzles is akin to typical hard constraint satisfaction problems that lie at the heart of many applications, including protein folding and the general problem of finding the ground state of a glassy spin system. Via an exact mapping of Sudoku into a deterministic, continuous-time dynamical system, here we show that the difficulty of Sudoku translates into transient chaotic behavior exhibited by the dynamical system. In particular, we show that the escape rate $\\kappa$, an invariant characteristic of transient chaos, provides a single scalar measure of the puzzle's hardness, which correlates well with human difficulty level ratings. Accordingly, $\\eta = -\\log_{10}{\\kappa}$ can be used to define a "Richter"-type scale for puzzle hardness, with easy puzzles falling in the range $0 3$. To our best knowledge, there are no known puzzles with $\\eta > 4$.
Chaos in Partial Differential Equations
Li, Y. Charles
This is a survey on Chaos in Partial Differential Equations. First we classify soliton equations into three categories: 1. (1+1)-dimensional soliton equations, 2. soliton lattices, 3. (1+n)-dimensional soliton equations (n greater than 1). A systematic program has been established by the author and collaborators, for proving the existence of chaos in soliton equations under perturbations. For each category, we pick a representative to present the results. Then we review some initial results o...
Chen, Guanrong
In this volume, leading experts present current achievements in the forefront of research in the challenging field of chaos in circuits and systems, with emphasis on engineering perspectives, methodologies, circuitry design techniques, and potential applications of chaos and bifurcation. A combination of overview, tutorial and technical articles, the book describes state-of-the-art research on significant problems in this field. It is suitable for readers ranging from graduate students, university professors, laboratory researchers and industrial practitioners to applied mathematicians and phy
Stimulus-dependent suppression of chaos in recurrent neural networks
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Neuronal activity arises from an interaction between ongoing firing generated spontaneously by neural circuits and responses driven by external stimuli. Using mean-field analysis, we ask how a neural network that intrinsically generates chaotic patterns of activity can remain sensitive to extrinsic input. We find that inputs not only drive network responses, but they also actively suppress ongoing activity, ultimately leading to a phase transition in which chaos is completely eliminated. The critical input intensity at the phase transition is a nonmonotonic function of stimulus frequency, revealing a 'resonant' frequency at which the input is most effective at suppressing chaos even though the power spectrum of the spontaneous activity peaks at zero and falls exponentially. A prediction of our analysis is that the variance of neural responses should be most strongly suppressed at frequencies matching the range over which many sensory systems operate.
Multielement analysis of archaic Chinese bronze and antique coins by fast neutron activation analysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Samples of archaic bronze have been investigated by fast neutron activation analysis using both the absolute and relative method. The components Cu, Zn, Sn and Pb have been determined quantitatively. For the detection of lead via the short-lived isomeric state 207mPb, cyclic activation and measurement technique was used with pneumatic sample transfer between detector and central irradiation position of the neutron tube. For non-destructive analysis of antique Chinese coins the samples had to be irradiated outside the neutron generator KORONA. The activation reactions, the evaluation of the elemental concentrations and the accuracy of the results are discussed. The data were corrected for γ-ray self-absorption in the samples and summing of coincident γ-rays in the detector. According to reported typical compositions of Chinese bronze from different dynasties, the age of the samples has been derived from the results obtained. (orig.)
Multielement analysis of archaic Chinese bronze and antique coins by fast neutron activation analysis
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tian, Y.H. (Academia Sinica, Lanzhou, Gansu (China). Inst. of Modern Physics); Pepelnik, R.; Fanger, H.U. (GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Geesthacht-Tesperhude (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Physik)
Samples of archaic bronze have been investigated by fast neutron activation analysis using both the absolute and relative method. The components Cu, Zn, Sn and Pb have been determined quantitatively. For the detection of lead via the short-lived isomeric state {sup 207m}Pb, cyclic activation and measurement technique was used with pneumatic sample transfer between detector and central irradiation position of the neutron tube. For non-destructive analysis of antique Chinese coins the samples had to be irradiated outside the neutron generator KORONA. The activation reactions, the evaluation of the elemental concentrations and the accuracy of the results are discussed. The data were corrected for {gamma}-ray self-absorption in the samples and summing of coincident {gamma}-rays in the detector. According to reported typical compositions of Chinese bronze from different dynasties, the age of the samples has been derived from the results obtained. (orig.).
From archaic narcissism to empathy for the self: the evolution of new capacities in psychoanalysis.
Gehrie, Mark J
The concept of the selfobject was central to Heinz Kohut's psychology of the self. With an eye to studying the development of narcissism and its implications for the growth of new psychic structure, this concept is reviewed and reassessed. Post-Kohutian complexities regarding its definition and use extend our consideration of the development of narcissism beyond archaic configurations toward further evolution of the self and the nature of mature narcissism. The hypothesis is offered that developing narcissism and the growth of self-regulation impact the acquisition of new structure and new capacities through the emergence of newly potentiated aspects of the self. The implications of these emergent qualities of the self are examined in the context of our understanding of self-esteem regulation, the state of the self, and the goals of psychoanalysis. A clinical example illustrates how technique and process in an analysis may be organized around the development of such new capacities. PMID:21653917
CT-based description and phyletic evaluation of the archaic human calvarium from Ceprano, Italy.
Bruner, Emiliano; Manzi, Giorgio
The discovery in 1994, of a fossilized human calvarium near Ceprano, Italy, dated about 800-900 thousand years before present, opened a new page for the study of human evolution in Europe. It extended the continental fossil record over the boundary between Early and Middle Pleistocene for the first time and revealed the cranial morphology of humans that where probably ancestral to both Neanderthals and modern Homo sapiens. A tomographic analysis of the Italian specimen is reported here in order to describe size and shape, vascular traces, and other features of the endocranium, as well as some relevant ectocranial traits (particularly of the frontal region). Our results show that the Ceprano calvarium displays plesiomorphies shared by early Homo taxa, involving a general archaic phenotype. At the same time, the presence of some derived features suggests a phylogenetic relationship with the populations referred to the subsequent polymorphic species H. heidelbergensis. The morphology of the supraorbital structures is different from the double-arched browridge of the African H. ergaster, while its superior shape shows similarities with African Middle Pleistocene specimens (Bodo, Kabwe). In contrast, the relationship between supraorbital torus and frontal squama points to an archaic pattern of the relationship between face and vault, associated to moderately narrow frontal lobes and limited development of the upper parietal areas. Despite a nonderived endocranial shape, the increase of cranial capacity (related to a general endocranial widening) and the probable absence of a clear occipital projection also suggest an evolutionary independence from the Asian H. erectus lineage. This analysis therefore supports the conclusion that the Ceprano calvarium represents the best available candidate for the ancestral phenotype of the cranial variation observed among Middle Pleistocene fossil samples in Africa and Europe. Nevertheless, a proper taxonomic interpretation of this
Chromosomal Rearrangements as Barriers to Genetic Homogenization between Archaic and Modern Humans.
Rogers, Rebekah L
Chromosomal rearrangements, which shuffle DNA throughout the genome, are an important source of divergence across taxa. Using a paired-end read approach with Illumina sequence data for archaic humans, I identify changes in genome structure that occurred recently in human evolution. Hundreds of rearrangements indicate genomic trafficking between the sex chromosomes and autosomes, raising the possibility of sex-specific changes. Additionally, genes adjacent to genome structure changes in Neanderthals are associated with testis-specific expression, consistent with evolutionary theory that new genes commonly form with expression in the testes. I identify one case of new-gene creation through transposition from the Y chromosome to chromosome 10 that combines the 5'-end of the testis-specific gene Fank1 with previously untranscribed sequence. This new transcript experienced copy number expansion in archaic genomes, indicating rapid genomic change. Among rearrangements identified in Neanderthals, 13% are transposition of selfish genetic elements, whereas 32% appear to be ectopic exchange between repeats. In Denisovan, the pattern is similar but numbers are significantly higher with 18% of rearrangements reflecting transposition and 40% ectopic exchange between distantly related repeats. There is an excess of divergent rearrangements relative to polymorphism in Denisovan, which might result from nonuniform rates of mutation, possibly reflecting a burst of transposable element activity in the lineage that led to Denisovan. Finally, loci containing genome structure changes show diminished rates of introgression from Neanderthals into modern humans, consistent with the hypothesis that rearrangements serve as barriers to gene flow during hybridization. Together, these results suggest that this previously unidentified source of genomic variation has important biological consequences in human evolution. PMID:26399483
2012 Symposium on Chaos, Complexity and Leadership
Erçetin, Şefika
These proceedings from the 2012 symposium on "Chaos, complexity and leadership" reflect current research results from all branches of Chaos, Complex Systems and their applications in Management. Included are the diverse results in the fields of applied nonlinear methods, modeling of data and simulations, as well as theoretical achievements of Chaos and Complex Systems. Also highlighted are Leadership and Management applications of Chaos and Complexity Theory.
Decoherence, determinism and chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The author claims by now to have made his case that modern work on fractals and chaos theory has already removed the presumption that classical physics is 'deterministic'. Further, he claims that in so far as classical relativistic field theory (i.e. electromagnetism and gravitation) are scale invariant, they are self-consistent only if the idea of 'test-particle' is introduced from outside the theory. Einstein spent the last years of his life trying to use singularities in the metric as 'particles' or to get them out of the non-linearities in a grand unified theory -- in vain. So classical physics in this sense cannot be the fundamental theory. However, the author claims to have shown that if he introduces a 'scale invariance bounded from below' by measurement accuracy, then Tanimura's generalization of the Feynman proof as reconstructed by Dyson allows him to make a consistent classical theory for decoherent sources sinks. Restoring coherence to classical physics via relativistic action-at-a distance is left as a task for the future. Relativistic quantum mechanics, properly reconstructed from a finite and discrete basis, emerges in much better shape. The concept of 'particles has to be replaced by NO-YES particulate events, and particle-antiparticle pair creation and annihilation properly formulated
Hashimoto, Koji; Yoshida, Kentaroh
Assigning a chaos index for vacua of generic quantum field theories is a challenging problem. We find chaotic behavior of chiral condensates of a quantum gauge theory at strong coupling limit, by using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We evaluate the time evolution of homogeneous quark condensates and in an N=2 supersymmetric QCD with the SU(N_c) gauge group at large N_c and at large 't Hooft coupling lambda. At an equivalent classical gravity picture, a Lyapunov exponent is readily defined. We show that the condensates exhibit chaotic behavior for energy density E > (6x10^2) (N_c/lambda^2) (m_q)^4 where m_q is the quark mass. The energy region of the chaotic vacua of the N=2 supersymmetric QCD increases for smaller N_c or larger lambda. The Lyapunov exponent is calculated as a function of the theory (N_c,lambda,E), showing that the N=2 supersymmetric QCD is more chaotic for smaller N_c.
Decoherence, determinism and chaos
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Noyes, H.P.
The author claims by now to have made his case that modern work on fractals and chaos theory has already removed the presumption that classical physics is `deterministic`. Further, he claims that in so far as classical relativistic field theory (i.e. electromagnetism and gravitation) are scale invariant, they are self-consistent only if the idea of `test-particle` is introduced from outside the theory. Einstein spent the last years of his life trying to use singularities in the metric as `particles` or to get them out of the non-linearities in a grand unified theory -- in vain. So classical physics in this sense cannot be the fundamental theory. However, the author claims to have shown that if he introduces a `scale invariance bounded from below` by measurement accuracy, then Tanimura`s generalization of the Feynman proof as reconstructed by Dyson allows him to make a consistent classical theory for decoherent sources sinks. Restoring coherence to classical physics via relativistic action-at-a distance is left as a task for the future. Relativistic quantum mechanics, properly reconstructed from a finite and discrete basis, emerges in much better shape. The concept of `particles has to be replaced by NO-YES particulate events, and particle-antiparticle pair creation and annihilation properly formulated.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
ZnO typifies a class of materials that can be doped via native defects in only one way: either n type or p type. We explain this asymmetry in ZnO via a study of its intrinsic defect physics, including ZnO, Zni, VO, Oi, and VZn and n-type impurity dopants, Al and F. We find that ZnO is n type at Zn-rich conditions. This is because (i) the Zn interstitial, Zni, is a shallow donor, supplying electrons; (ii) its formation enthalpy is low for both Zn-rich and O-rich conditions, so this defect is abundant; and (iii) the native defects that could compensate the n-type doping effect of Zni (interstitial O, Oi, and Zn vacancy, VZn), have high formation enthalpies for Zn-rich conditions, so these ''electron killers'' are not abundant. We find that ZnO cannot be doped p type via native defects (Oi,VZn) despite the fact that they are shallow (i.e., supplying holes at room temperature). This is because at both Zn-rich and O-rich conditions, the defects that could compensate p-type doping (VO,Zni,ZnO) have low formation enthalpies so these ''hole killers'' form readily. Furthermore, we identify electron-hole radiative recombination at the VO center as the source of the green luminescence. In contrast, a large structural relaxation of the same center upon double hole capture leads to slow electron-hole recombination (either radiative or nonradiative) responsible for the slow decay of photoconductivity
Turiaci, Gustavo
We make three observations that help clarify the relation between CFT and quantum chaos. We show that any 1+1-D system in which conformal symmetry is non-linearly realized exhibits two main characteristics of chaos: maximal Lyapunov behavior and a spectrum of Ruelle resonances. We use this insight to identify a lattice model for quantum chaos, built from parafermionic spin variables with an equation of motion given by a Y-system. Finally we point to a relation between the spectrum of Ruelle resonances of a CFT and the analytic properties of OPE coefficients between light and heavy operators. In our model, this spectrum agrees with the quasi-normal modes of the BTZ black hole.
Chaos, decoherence and quantum cosmology
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this topical review we discuss the connections between chaos, decoherence and quantum cosmology. We understand chaos as classical chaos in systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom, decoherence as environment induced decoherence and quantum cosmology as the theory of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation or else the consistent history formulation thereof, first in mini super spaces and later through its extension to midi super spaces. The overall conclusion is that consideration of decoherence is necessary (and probably sufficient) to sustain an interpretation of quantum cosmology based on the wavefunction of the Universe adopting a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin form for large Universes, but a definitive account of the semiclassical transition in classically chaotic cosmological models is not available in the literature yet. (topical review)
Quantum chaos in multiwell potentials
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Till the present time signatures of quantum chaos were studied mostly for the billiard-type systems, for dumped one-dimensional systems or for two-dimensional systems with potential energy surface of simple geometry. Almost nothing is known about the quantum chaos for generic Hamiltonian systems, including multiwell potentials, though those are the models describing the dynamics of transition between different states, for example, nuclear isomeric transitions and decay of superdeformed states of nuclei. An important feature of classical dynamics in generic multiwell potentials is the so-called mixed state, namely: regular and chaotic regimes coexist at the same energy, being localized in different local minima of the potential. The aim of our work is to show that studies of quantum chaos in the mixed state are promising and in many cases optimal. (author)
Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode
Virte, Martin; Thienpont, Hugo; Sciamanna, Marc
Fifty years after the invention of the laser diode and fourty years after the report of the butterfly effect - i.e. the unpredictability of deterministic chaos, it is said that a laser diode behaves like a damped nonlinear oscillator. Hence no chaos can be generated unless with additional forcing or parameter modulation. Here we report the first counter-example of a free-running laser diode generating chaos. The underlying physics is a nonlinear coupling between two elliptically polarized modes in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. We identify chaos in experimental time-series and show theoretically the bifurcations leading to single- and double-scroll attractors with characteristics similar to Lorenz chaos. The reported polarization chaos resembles at first sight a noise-driven mode hopping but shows opposite statistical properties. Our findings open up new research areas that combine the high speed performances of microcavity lasers with controllable and integrated sources of optical chaos.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Plasma exhibits a full of variety of nonlinear phenomena. Active research in nonlinear plasma physics contributed to explore the concepts of soliton and chaos. Structure of soliton equations and dynamics of low dimensional Hamiltonian systems are discussed to emphasize the universality of these novel concepts in the wide branch of science and engineering. (author) 52 refs
Distributed chaos in turbulent wakes
Bershadskii, A
Soft and hard spontaneous breaking of space translational symmetry (homogeneity) have been studied in turbulent wakes by means of distributed chaos. In the case of the soft translational symmetry breaking the vorticity correlation integral $\\int_{V} \\langle {\\boldsymbol \\omega} ({\\bf x},t) \\cdot {\\boldsymbol \\omega} ({\\bf x} + {\\bf r},t) \\rangle_{V} d{\\bf r}$ dominates the distributed chaos and the chaotic spectra $\\exp-(k/k_{\\beta})^{\\beta }$ have $\\beta =1/2$. In the case of the hard translational symmetry breaking, control on the distributed chaos is switched from one type of fundamental symmetry to another (in this case to Lagrangian relabeling symmetry). Due to the Noether's theorem the relabeling symmetry results in the inviscid helicity conservation and helicity correlation integral $I=\\int \\langle h({\\bf x},t)~h({\\bf x}+{\\bf r}, t)\\rangle d{\\bf r}$ (Levich-Tsinober invariant) dominates the distributed chaos with $\\beta =1/3$. Good agreement with the experimatal data has been established for turbulent ...
Chaos Behaviour of Molecular Orbit
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LIU Shu-Tang; SUN Fu-Yan; SHEN Shu-Lan
Based on H(u)ckel's molecular orbit theory,the chaos and;bifurcation behaviour of a molecular orbit modelled by a nonlinear dynamic system is studied.The relationship between molecular orbit and its energy level in the nonlinear dynamic system is obtained.
MHD turbulence and distributed chaos
Bershadskii, A
It is shown, using results of recent direct numerical simulations, that spectral properties of distributed chaos in MHD turbulence with zero mean magnetic field are similar to those of hydrodynamic turbulence. An exception is MHD spontaneous breaking of space translational symmetry, when the stretched exponential spectrum $\\exp(-k/k_{\\beta})^{\\beta}$ has $\\beta=4/7$.
Chaos Synthesis by Evolutionary Algorithms
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Zelinka, I.; Chen, G.; Čelikovský, Sergej
Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 2010 - (Zelinka, I.; Čelikovský, S.; Richter, H.; Chen, G.), s. 345-382 ISBN 978-3-642-10706-1. - (Studies in Computational Intelligence. 267) Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : chaos synthesis * evolutionary algorithms * self organizingmigrating * evolutionary computing Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory
Chaos and remedial investigations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Current research into the nature of chaos indicates that even for systems that are well known and easily modeled, slight changes in the scale used to measure the input have unpredictable results in the model output. The conduct of a remedial investigation (RI) is dictated by well-established rules of investigation and management, yet small changes in project orientation, regulatory environment, or site conditions have unpredictable consequences to the project. The consequences can lead to either brilliant success or utter failure. The chaotic effect of a change in scale is most often illustrated by an exercise in measuring the length of the coast of Great Britain. If a straight ruler 10-kilometers long is used, the sum of the 10-kilometer increments gives the length of the coast. If the ruler is changed to five kilometers long and the exercise is repeated, the sum of the five-kilometer increments will not be the same as the sum of the 10-kilometer increments. Nor is there a way to predict what the length of the coast will be using any other scale. Several examples from the Fernald Project RI are used to illustrate open-quotes changes in scaleclose quotes in both technical and management situations. Given that there is no way to predict the outcome of scale changes in a RI, technical and project management must be alert to the fact that a scale has changed and the investigation is no longer on the path it was thought to be on. The key to success, therefore, is to develop specific units of measure for a number of activities, in addition to cost and schedule, and track them regularly. An example for tracking a portion of the field investigation is presented. The determination of effective units of measure is perhaps the most difficult aspect of any project. Changes in scale sometimes go unnoticed until suddenly the budget is expended and only a portion of the work is completed. Remedial investigations on large facilities provide new and complex challenges
Editor's intervention in the register of compounds in archaic Portuguese texts: some reflections on the use of hyphen
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Antonia Vieira dos Santos
Full Text Available The use of hyphen within compounds was not built up before the nineteenth century. Thus, compounds spelled with hyphen in archaic Portuguese texts are a result of editing criteria adopted by editors. From this type of intervention, the relationship between hyphen use – result of a spelling convention – and the definition of compound adopted by the editor are discussed. Its absence is significant to the history of the language.
Hamiltonian Chaos and Fractional Dynamics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This book provides an introduction and discussion of the main issues in the current understanding of classical Hamiltonian chaos, and of its fractional space-time structure. It also develops the most complex and open problems in this context, and provides a set of possible applications of these notions to some fundamental questions of dynamics: complexity and entropy of systems, foundation of classical statistical physics on the basis of chaos theory, and so on. Starting with an introduction of the basic principles of the Hamiltonian theory of chaos, the book covers many topics that can be found elsewhere in the literature, but which are collected here for the readers' convenience. In the last three parts, the author develops topics which are not typically included in the standard textbooks; among them are: - the failure of the traditional description of chaotic dynamics in terms of diffusion equations; - he fractional kinematics, its foundation and renormalization group analysis; - 'pseudo-chaos', i.e. kinetics of systems with weak mixing and zero Lyapunov exponents; - directional complexity and entropy. The purpose of this book is to provide researchers and students in physics, mathematics and engineering with an overview of many aspects of chaos and fractality in Hamiltonian dynamical systems. In my opinion it achieves this aim, at least provided researchers and students (mainly those involved in mathematical physics) can complement this reading with comprehensive material from more specialized sources which are provided as references and 'further reading'. Each section contains introductory pedagogical material, often illustrated by figures coming from several numerical simulations which give the feeling of what's going on, and thus is very useful to the reader who is not very familiar with the topics presented. Some problems are included at the end of most sections to help the reader to go deeper into the subject. My one regret is that the book does not
The mitochondrial genome of the lycophyte Huperzia squarrosa: the most archaic form in vascular plants.
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Yang Liu
Full Text Available Mitochondrial genomes have maintained some bacterial features despite their residence within eukaryotic cells for approximately two billion years. One of these features is the frequent presence of polycistronic operons. In land plants, however, it has been shown that all sequenced vascular plant chondromes lack large polycistronic operons while bryophyte chondromes have many of them. In this study, we provide the completely sequenced mitochondrial genome of a lycophyte, from Huperzia squarrosa, which is a member of the sister group to all other vascular plants. The genome, at a size of 413,530 base pairs, contains 66 genes and 32 group II introns. In addition, it has 69 pseudogene fragments for 24 of the 40 protein- and rRNA-coding genes. It represents the most archaic form of mitochondrial genomes of all vascular plants. In particular, it has one large conserved gene cluster containing up to 10 ribosomal protein genes, which likely represents a polycistronic operon but has been disrupted and greatly reduced in the chondromes of other vascular plants. It also has the least rearranged gene order in comparison to the chondromes of other vascular plants. The genome is ancestral in vascular plants in several other aspects: the gene content resembling those of charophytes and most bryophytes, all introns being cis-spliced, a low level of RNA editing, and lack of foreign DNA of chloroplast or nuclear origin.
From the archaic states to romanization: a historical and evolutionary perspective on the Iberians
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Joan Sanmartí
Full Text Available In the middle of the first millennium BC small-scale societies (local or even family level communities on the Eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula were rapidly transformed, socially and culturally, into complex ones of at least tens of thousands of people and endowed with centralised forms of political organization that controlled vast territories, often of several thousand square kilometres. From the beginning of the 4th century BC, the rapid expansion of writing suggests the establishment of an administrative system and the development of the institutional complexity particular to the archaic states.These states were governed by kings who emerged from the aristocratic ranks that dominated the diverse communities forming the bulk of the population. We know from Greco-Latin sources that the inhabitants of these territories were known by the name of Iberians, and that this ethnic group was divided into different peoples that in some cases corresponded to the afore mentioned political entities, whereas in other cases several of them must have been included. Epigraphyshows that the same language was used in the whole of this region, although perhaps not exclusively; in modern times it is known as 'Iberian', and cannot be deciphered. Incorporation into the Roman world around 200 BC meant a gradual integration into Latin culture, that was completed a little before the change of era.
The stem species of our species: a place for the archaic human cranium from Ceprano, Italy.
Mounier, Aurélien; Condemi, Silvana; Manzi, Giorgio
One of the present challenges in the study of human evolution is to recognize the hominin taxon that was ancestral to Homo sapiens. Some researchers regard H. heidelbergensis as the stem species involved in the evolutionary divergence leading to the emergence of H. sapiens in Africa, and to the evolution of the Neandertals in Europe. Nevertheless, the diagnosis and hypodigm of H. heidelbergensis still remain to be clarified. Here we evaluate the morphology of the incomplete cranium (calvarium) known as Ceprano whose age has been recently revised to the mid of the Middle Pleistocene, so as to test whether this specimen may be included in H. heidelbergensis. The analyses were performed according to a phenetic routine including geometric morphometrics and the evaluation of diagnostic discrete traits. The results strongly support the uniqueness of H. heidelbergensis on a wide geographical horizon, including both Eurasia and Africa. In this framework, the Ceprano calvarium--with its peculiar combination of archaic and derived traits--may represent, better than other penecontemporaneous specimens, an appropriate ancestral stock of this species, preceding the appearance of regional autapomorphic features. PMID:21533096
On the trail of the genus Homo between archaic and derived morphologies.
Manzi, Giorgio
The topic of this review is the evolution of the genus Homo, focusing on evolutionary transitions that occurred during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Two crucial issues are addressed in particular: 1) the emergence in the Early Pleistocene of the archaic variant of Homo that might represent the last common ancestor before the emergence of at least two (more probably three) geographically distinct trajectories; and (2) the evolution of these derived lineages, ultimately leading to the allopatric speciations of the most encephalised species of Homo: H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. In this framework, the time window between 1.0 million years ago (Ma) and 500 thousand years ago (ka) is of crucial importance, since it is probable that a new kind of humanity emerged in this period and then spread across a wide area encompassing Africa and Eurasia. These humans are represented by a number of specimens that are included within the single, polymorphic, and widespread species H. heidelbergensis. It is suggested that, in the course of the Middle Pleistocene, this species diversified in a number of incipient species -or subspecies- geographically and phenotypically distinct from one another. The case-study furnished by the calvarium found near Ceprano, in Italy, is of great interest in this regard, since it displays the least derived morphology seen among the hypodigm of H. heidelbergensis, and may represent better than other specimens the ancestral morphotype (i.e., the stem subspecies) of this taxon. PMID:23274748
Investigation of Chinese archaic jade by PIXE and {mu}Raman spectrometry
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chen, T.H. [UMR 171 du CNRS, Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musees de France, Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 Quai Francois Mitterrand, 75001, Paris (France); Ecole Doctorale MMRMM, Universite de Versailles - St Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex (France); Calligaro, T.; Pages-Camagna, S.; Menu, M. [UMR 171 du CNRS, Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musees de France, Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 Quai Francois Mitterrand, 75001, Paris (France)
External-beam particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and {mu}Raman spectrometry were used for elemental and structural studies of Chinese archaic nephrite jades of the Guimet Asian Museum in Paris in a non-destructive way. Nephrite is a variety of tremolite-actinolite of the amphibole group, with variable iron and magnesium contents. In the present work, in addition to identification of materials, the cation distribution in nephrite was investigated. Cation order-disorder is related to thermodynamic properties of minerals, and hence associated with geological conditions of the mineral formation. Besides, it plays an important role in the mechanism of coloration. So far, little work has been done on the cation distribution in nephrite. We thus initiated this research expecting to answer open questions concerning art and archaeological issues such as jade provenance and colour. The OH stretching vibration band of nephrite, depending on the electronegativity of the bonded cations, presents a fine structure. The study of this fine structure, together with the total cation content obtained by PIXE, allows estimation of the cation distribution in nephrite. In this study, six jade artefacts, dated from the Neolithic period to the Han dynasty (about 3000 BC to 220 AD), with diverse colours including white, yellow-green, green, dark green and black, were analysed. The data obtained permits establishing a geological database for determination of nephrite provenance and explaining the correlation between colour and cation distribution. (orig.)
Advances in chaos theory and intelligent control
Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian
The book reports on the latest advances in and applications of chaos theory and intelligent control. Written by eminent scientists and active researchers and using a clear, matter-of-fact style, it covers advanced theories, methods, and applications in a variety of research areas, and explains key concepts in modeling, analysis, and control of chaotic and hyperchaotic systems. Topics include fractional chaotic systems, chaos control, chaos synchronization, memristors, jerk circuits, chaotic systems with hidden attractors, mechanical and biological chaos, and circuit realization of chaotic systems. The book further covers fuzzy logic controllers, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, and petri nets among other topics. Not only does it provide the readers with chaos fundamentals and intelligent control-based algorithms; it also discusses key applications of chaos as well as multidisciplinary solutions developed via intelligent control. The book is a timely and comprehensive reference guide for graduate s...
Recent Developments on Chaos in Mechanical Systems
Mohammad Sajid
Recent advancements in complexity of mechanical systems have led to the application of chaos theory. In this paper, some recent developments on chaos in mechanical systems are explored. The aim is to bring together researchers from various interests of mechanical systems, exposing them to chaos theory. This exposure gives researchers from the discipline of mechanical systems to find opportunity of cross disciplinary research, which may ultimately lead to novel solutions and understanding of m...
Fitzpatrick, A Liam
We use results on Virasoro conformal blocks to study chaotic dynamics in CFT$_2$ at large central charge c. The Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda_L$, which is a diagnostic for the early onset of chaos, receives $1/c$ corrections that may be interpreted as $\\lambda_L = \\frac{2 \\pi}{\\beta} \\left( 1 + \\frac{12}{c} \\right)$. However, out of time order correlators receive other equally important $1/c$ suppressed contributions that do not have such a simple interpretation. We revisit the proof of a bound on $\\lambda_L$ that emerges at large $c$, focusing on CFT$_2$ and explaining why our results do not conflict with the analysis leading to the bound. We also comment on relationships between chaos, scattering, causality, and bulk locality.
Scrambling without chaos in RCFT
Caputa, Pawel; Veliz-Osorio, Alvaro
In this letter we investigate measures of chaos and entanglement scrambling in rational conformal field theories in 1+1 dimensions. First, we derive a formula for the late time value of the out-of-time-order correlators for these class of theories. Our universal result can be expressed as a particular combination of the modular S-matrix elements known as anyon monodromy scalar. Next, in the explicit setup of a $SU(N)_k$ WZW model, we compare the late time behaviour of the out-of-time correlators and the purity. Interestingly, in the large-c limit, the purity grows logarithmically but the out-of-time-order correlators remain constant. Therefore, we find that some systems may display entanglement scrambling in the absence of chaos.
Spatiotemporal chaos from bursting dynamics
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Berenstein, Igal; De Decker, Yannick [Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit and Interdisciplinary Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems (CENOLI), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, C.P. 231, B-1050 Brussels (Belgium)
In this paper, we study the emergence of spatiotemporal chaos from mixed-mode oscillations, by using an extended Oregonator model. We show that bursting dynamics consisting of fast/slow mixed mode oscillations along a single attractor can lead to spatiotemporal chaotic dynamics, although the spatially homogeneous solution is itself non-chaotic. This behavior is observed far from the Hopf bifurcation and takes the form of a spatiotemporal intermittency where the system locally alternates between the fast and the slow phases of the mixed mode oscillations. We expect this form of spatiotemporal chaos to be generic for models in which one or several slow variables are coupled to activator-inhibitor type of oscillators.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A new definition of a chaotic invariant set is given for a continuous semiflow in a metric space. It generalizes the well-known definition due to Devaney and allows one to take into account a special feature occurring in the non-compact infinite-dimensional case: so-called turbulent chaos. The paper consists of two sections. The first contains several well-known facts from chaotic dynamics, together with new definitions and results. The second presents a concrete example demonstrating that our definition of chaos is meaningful. Namely, an infinite-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations is investigated having an attractor that is chaotic in the sense of the new definition but not in the sense of Devaney or Knudsen. Bibliography: 65 titles.
Chaos, turbulence and strange attractors
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Using the turbulence example, the author recalls the two different conceptions of the nature of an erratic regime: the one in which a great number of elementary events are concerned (Landau) and the other one in which, on the contrary, a few number of elementary events are concerned (Ruelle and Takens). The last type of erratic comportment has a deterministic origin and is pointed by the adjective chaotic. Phase space for a dynamic system is presented and so the attractor nation. Chaos and notion of sensitiveness to initial conditions are defined. In scrutining the geometry of an attractor corresponding to a chaotic regime, the notion of strange attractor is shown. Some experiments results are given as illustration. Application field is recalled: for example, studies on hamiltonian chaos are made at DRFC (Department of research on controlled fusion at CEA) in relation with plasma instabilities
Master stability analysis in transient spatiotemporal chaos.
Wackerbauer, Renate
The asymptotic stability of spatiotemporal chaos is difficult to determine, since transient spatiotemporal chaos may be extremely long lived. A master stability analysis reveals that the asymptotic state of transient spatiotemporal chaos in the Gray-Scott system and in the Bär-Eiswirth system is characterized by negative transverse Lyapunov exponents on the attractor of the invariant synchronization manifold. The average lifetime of transient spatiotemporal chaos depends on the number of transverse directions that are unstable along a typical excitation cycle. PMID:18233739
The chaos cookbook a practical programming guide
Pritchard, Joe
The Chaos Cookbook: A Practical Programming Guide discusses the use of chaos in computer programming. The book is comprised of 11 chapters that tackle various topics relevant to chaos and programming. Chapter 1 reviews the concept of chaos, and Chapter 2 discusses the iterative functions. Chapters 3 and 4 cover differential and Lorenz equations. Chapter 5 talks about strange attractors, while Chapter 6 deals with the fractal link. The book also discusses the Mandelbrot set, and then covers the Julia sets. The other fractal systems and the cellular automata are also explained. The last chapter
Chaos in the library environment
Κατσιρίκου, Ανθή
Describes the impact of chaos theory in social systems and the phenomena that result from it, drawing attention to related phenomena in the state of the library today. Then considers the factors that lead library systems to exhibit chaotic behaviour. These factors are the plethora of technological tools and the variety of software and interfaces, the dependence of resource providers and the increasing supply and diversity of information resources. The changes dictated by these factors influen...
Relative chaos in stellar systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Statistical properties of many-dimensional dynamical system -s tellar systems of different types, are investigated by means of estimation of Ricci curvature in the direction of the velocity of geodesics. Numerical experiment is performed to calculate the Ricci and scalar curvatures for systems with equal total energy. The results of calculations enable one to obtain schematic classification of stellar systems by increasing degree of chaos
Analysis of FBC deterministic chaos
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Daw, C.S.
It has recently been discovered that the performance of a number of fossil energy conversion devices such as fluidized beds, pulsed combustors, steady combustors, and internal combustion engines are affected by deterministic chaos. It is now recognized that understanding and controlling the chaotic elements of these devices can lead to significantly improved energy efficiency and reduced emissions. Application of these techniques to key fossil energy processes are expected to provide important competitive advantages for U.S. industry.
Chaos and multiple photon absorption
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An anharmonic vibrational mode of a molecule, driven by an intense infrared laser and coupled to a quasi-continuum of background modes, is found to undergo chaotic oscillations. This chaos leads to predominantly fluence-dependent rather than intensity-dependent multiple-photon absorption, as is found experimentally. The loss of coherence is associated with the decay of temporal correlation of background-mode oscillations
Kasimov, Aslan R.
We propose the following model equation, ut+1/2(u2−uus)x=f(x,us) that predicts chaotic shock waves, similar to those in detonations in chemically reacting mixtures. The equation is given on the half line, x<0, and the shock is located at x=0 for any t≥0. Here, us(t) is the shock state and the source term f is taken to mimic the chemical energy release in detonations. This equation retains the essential physics needed to reproduce many properties of detonations in gaseous reactive mixtures: steady traveling wave solutions, instability of such solutions, and the onset of chaos. Our model is the first (to our knowledge) to describe chaos in shock waves by a scalar first-order partial differential equation. The chaos arises in the equation thanks to an interplay between the nonlinearity of the inviscid Burgers equation and a novel forcing term that is nonlocal in nature and has deep physical roots in reactive Euler equations.
Hamiltonian chaos and fractional dynamics
Zaslavsky, George M
The dynamics of realistic Hamiltonian systems has unusual microscopic features that are direct consequences of its fractional space-time structure and its phase space topology. The book deals with the fractality of the chaotic dynamics and kinetics, and also includes material on non-ergodic and non-well-mixing Hamiltonian dynamics. The book does not follow the traditional scheme of most of today's literature on chaos. The intention of the author has been to put together some of the most complex and yet open problems on the general theory of chaotic systems. The importance of the discussed issues and an understanding of their origin should inspire students and researchers to touch upon some of the deepest aspects of nonlinear dynamics. The book considers the basic principles of the Hamiltonian theory of chaos and some applications including for example, the cooling of particles and signals, control and erasing of chaos, polynomial complexity, Maxwell's Demon, and others. It presents a new and realistic image ...
Landmark-based shape analysis of the archaic Homo calvarium from Ceprano (Italy).
Bruner, Emiliano; Manzi, Giorgio
The Ceprano calvarium represents one of the most important sources of information about both the dynamics of the earliest hominid dispersal toward Europe and the evolution of the genus Homo in the early-to-middle Pleistocene. In this paper, the midsagittal vault profile and the 3D frontal bone morphology of Ceprano are investigated comparatively, using landmark coordinates and Procrustes superimposition. In fact, despite the fact that the skull appears partially distorted by diagenetic pressures (thus precluding a comprehensive landmark-based analysis), some aspects of the overall morphology are suitable for consideration in terms of geometric morphometrics. The midsagittal profile shows an archaic shape, comparable with the H. ergaster/erectus range of variation because of the fronto-parietal flattening, the development of the supraorbital and nuchal structures, and the occurrence of a slightly larger occipital bone. By contrast, the frontal bone displays a derived 3D shape that, mostly because of the widening of the frontal squama, appears comparable with the Afro-European variation of the Middle Pleistocene (i.e., H. heidelbergensis/rhodesiensis). Taking into account the unique morphological pattern displayed by Ceprano, its role as a link between early Homo and the Middle Pleistocene populations of Europe and Africa is not falsified. Thus, when aspects of the Ceprano's morphology are described within the analytical framework provided by geometric morphometrics, the relationships between Ceprano and the subsequent Afro-European fossil record are emphasized, suggesting the occurrence of an ancestral stock of H. heidelbergensis/rhodesiensis that is properly represented by the Italian specimen. PMID:17177181
Aplication of authenticity criteria in mitochondrial studies on archaic bone remains from a prehispanic Muisca population
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mónica Díaz
Full Text Available Introduction: Ancient DNA (aDNAstudies can support hypotheses regarding ancient populations; molecular studies can analyze the local population's genetic composition, minimizing biases introduced by later migrations, demographic expansions, mutations, and bottleneck effects. These analyses must be performed with special care because of the low DNA concentrations and contamination risk; therefore, it is necessary to establish protocols to guarantee the reproducibility and veracity of results. Objective: The present study aims to establish a protocol to obtain ancient DNA from 16 pre-Columbian bone samples found in an excavation performed in the area «Candelaria La Nueva» in Bogota, Colombia, dated in the period «Muisca Tardio». Methods: Four founder mitochondrial DNA Amerindian haplotypes were analyzed by high resolution restriction enzyme analyses, obtaining fragments between 121 and 186 base pairs (bp. Different analyses were performed following a strict control of authenticity criteria regarding laboratory conditions, including: positive and negative controls, reproducibility of results, and verification of particular characteristics present in ancient DNA. Results: Results obtained from the bone samples showed the exclusive presence of haplogroup A in the population studied. This data support the statement of the archaeologists of a single biological population in space and time. The distribution of this haplogroup in a 100% frequency supports the hypothesis of Chibcha genetic affiliation. Conclusion: The present study is a contribution to the study of genetic diversity in archaic American populations, allowing the integration of geographic and historic data with genetic characterization techniques associated with linguistic, ethnographic, and glottochronology patterns. Following the protocol proposed in the present study allows fulfilling authenticity criteria for ancient samples with the available techniques.
Dynamical chaos and power spectra in toy models of heteropolymers and proteins
Li, Mai Suan; Cieplak, Marek; Sushko, Nazar
The dynamical chaos in Lennard-Jones toy models of heteropolymers is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that two nearby trajectories quickly diverge from each other if the heteropolymer corresponds to a random sequence. For good folders, on the other hand, two nearby trajectories may initially move apart but eventually they come together. Thus good folders are intrinsically non-chaotic. A choice of a distance of the initial conformation from the native state affects the wa...
Discretization chaos - Feedback control and transition to chaos
Grantham, Walter J.; Athalye, Amit M.
Problems in the design of feedback controllers for chaotic dynamical systems are considered theoretically, focusing on two cases where chaos arises only when a nonchaotic continuous-time system is discretized into a simpler discrete-time systems (exponential discretization and pseudo-Euler integration applied to Lotka-Volterra competition and prey-predator systems). Numerical simulation results are presented in extensive graphs and discussed in detail. It is concluded that care must be taken in applying standard dynamical-systems methods to control systems that may be discontinuous or nondifferentiable.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Maistrenko, V.; Vasylenko, A.; Maistrenko, Y.; Mosekilde, Erik
The paper describes the appearance of a novel, high-dimensional chaotic regime, called phase chaos, in a time-discrete Kuramoto model of globally coupled phase oscillators. This type of chaos is observed at small and intermediate values of the coupling strength. It arises from the nonlinear inter...
Chaos and fractals. Applications to nuclear engineering
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This work presents a description of the research lines carried out by the authors on chaos and fractal theories, oriented to the nuclear field. The possibilities that appear in the nuclear security branch where the information deriving from chaos and fractal techniques may help to the development of better criteria and more reliable designs, are of special importance. (Author)
Chaos in nonlinear oscillations controlling and synchronization
Lakshamanan, M
This book deals with the bifurcation and chaotic aspects of damped and driven nonlinear oscillators. The analytical and numerical aspects of the chaotic dynamics of these oscillators are covered, together with appropriate experimental studies using nonlinear electronic circuits. Recent exciting developments in chaos research are also discussed, such as the control and synchronization of chaos and possible technological applications.
"Chaos" Theory: Implications for Educational Research.
Lindsay, Jean S.
"Chaos" theory is a revolutionary new paradigm developed by scientists to study the behavior of natural systems. "Chaos" refers to the tendency of dynamic non-linear systems toward irregular, sometimes unpredictable, yet deterministic behavior. Major tenets of the theory are presented. The precedent for use of models developed in the natural…
The CHAOS-4 geomagnetic field model
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Olsen, Nils; Lühr, H.; Finlay, Chris;
We present CHAOS-4, a new version in the CHAOS model series, which aims to describe the Earth's magnetic field with high spatial and temporal resolution. Terms up to spherical degree of at least n = 85 for the lithospheric field, and up to n = 16 for the time-varying core field are robustly deter...
The CHAOS-4 Geomagnetic Field Model
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Olsen, Nils; Finlay, Chris; Lühr, H.;
We present CHAOS-4, a new version in the CHAOS model series, which aims at describing the Earth's magnetic field with high spatial resolution (terms up to spherical degree n=90 for the crustal field, and up to n=16 for the time-varying core field are robustly determined) and high temporal resolut...
Greek medicine and Babylonian wisdom: circulation of knowledge and channels of transmission in the archaic and classical periods.
Thomas, R
This paper considers questions of transmission and circulation of knowledge between Greeks and Babylonians, and in particular within the medical sphere. It compares evidence for the extensive exchange of goods and ideas with the Near East in the archaic period and considers the channels and means of transmission involved. It suggests, however, that the evidence of Hippocratic medicine and of Herodotus implies that interaction in the medical sphere followed the main areas of contact through trade and colonisation, and above all Egypt, rather than Mesopotamia. Contact with Babylonian wisdom was to reappear only in the late classical and Hellenistic period. PMID:17152173
4th international interdisciplinary chaos symposium
Banerjee, Santo; Caglar, Suleyman; Ozer, Mehmet; Chaos and complex systems
Complexity Science and Chaos Theory are fascinating areas of scientific research with wide-ranging applications. The interdisciplinary nature and ubiquity of complexity and chaos are features that provides scientists with a motivation to pursue general theoretical tools and frameworks. Complex systems give rise to emergent behaviors, which in turn produce novel and interesting phenomena in science, engineering, as well as in the socio-economic sciences. The aim of all Symposia on Chaos and Complex Systems (CCS) is to bring together scientists, engineers, economists and social scientists, and to discuss the latest insights and results obtained in the area of corresponding nonlinear-system complex (chaotic) behavior. Especially for the "4th International Interdisciplinary Chaos Symposium on Chaos and Complex Systems," which took place April 29th to May 2nd, 2012 in Antalya, Turkey, the scope of the symposium had been further enlarged so as to encompass the presentation of work from circuits to econophysic...
Semiconductor Lasers Stability, Instability and Chaos
Ohtsubo, Junji
This third edition of "Semiconductor Lasers, Stability, Instability and Chaos" was significantly extended. In the previous edition, the dynamics and characteristics of chaos in semiconductor lasers after the introduction of the fundamental theory of laser chaos and chaotic dynamics induced by self-optical feedback and optical injection was discussed. Semiconductor lasers with new device structures, such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and broad-area semiconductor lasers, are interesting devices from the viewpoint of chaotic dynamics since they essentially involve chaotic dynamics even in their free-running oscillations. These topics are also treated with respect to the new developments in the current edition. Also the control of such instabilities and chaos control are critical issues for applications. Another interesting and important issue of semiconductor laser chaos in this third edition is chaos synchronization between two lasers and the application to optical secure communication. One o...
Chaos the science of predictable random motion
Kautz, Richard
Based on only elementary mathematics, this engaging account of chaos theory bridges the gap between introductions for the layman and college-level texts. It develops the science of dynamics in terms of small time steps, describes the phenomenon of chaos through simple examples, and concludes with a close look at a homoclinic tangle, the mathematical monster at the heart of chaos. The presentation is enhanced by many figures, animations of chaotic motion (available on a companion CD), and biographical sketches of the pioneers of dynamics and chaos theory. To ensure accessibility to motivated high school students, care has been taken to explain advanced mathematical concepts simply, including exponentials and logarithms, probability, correlation, frequency analysis, fractals, and transfinite numbers. These tools help to resolve the intriguing paradox of motion that is predictable and yet random, while the final chapter explores the various ways chaos theory has been put to practical use.
Decoherence, determinism and chaos revisited
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Noyes, H.P.
We suggest that the derivation of the free space Maxwell Equations for classical electromagnetism, using a discrete ordered calculus developed by L.H. Kauffman and T. Etter, necessarily pushes the discussion of determinism in natural science down to the level of relativistic quantum mechanics and hence renders the mathematical phenomena studied in deterministic chaos research irrelevant to the question of whether the world investigated by physics is deterministic. We believe that this argument reinforces Suppes` contention that the issue of determinism versus indeterminism should be viewed as a Kantian antinomy incapable of investigation using currently available scientific tools.
Quelques aspects de Chaos Quantique
Nonnenmacher, Stéphane
Ce mémoire résume mes travaux dans 3 domaines reliés au "chaos quantique". J'y aborde tout d'abord les questions de répartition spatiale des fonctions propres de systèmes quantiques classiquement chaotiques. Dans une seconde partie, je résume mes travaux sur la distribution des résonances pour les systèmes de diffusion dont l'ensemble des trajectoires captées est fractal, et supporte une dynamique chaotique. Enfin, je mentionne des résultats obtenus sur les transformations chaotiques bruitées...
Periodic orbits in arithmetical chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Length spectra of periodic orbits are investigated for some chaotic dynamical systems whose quantum energy spectra show unexpected statistical properties and for which the notion of arithmetical chaos has been introduced recently. These systems are defined as the unconstrained motions of particles on two dimensional surfaces of constant negative curvature whose fundamental groups are given by number theoretical statements (arithmetic Fuchsian groups). It is shown that the mean multiplicity of lengths l of periodic orbits grows asymptotically like c x el/2/l, l → ∞. Moreover, the constant c (depending on the arithmetic group) is determined. (orig.)
Decoherence, determinism and chaos revisited
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We suggest that the derivation of the free space Maxwell Equations for classical electromagnetism, using a discrete ordered calculus developed by L.H. Kauffman and T. Etter, necessarily pushes the discussion of determinism in natural science down to the level of relativistic quantum mechanics and hence renders the mathematical phenomena studied in deterministic chaos research irrelevant to the question of whether the world investigated by physics is deterministic. We believe that this argument reinforces Suppes' contention that the issue of determinism versus indeterminism should be viewed as a Kantian antinomy incapable of investigation using currently available scientific tools
Biro, TS; Mueller, B
This book introduces a rapidly growing new research area - the study of dynamical properties of elementary fields. The methods used in this field range from algebraic topology to parallel computer programming. The main aim of this research is to understand the behavior of elementary particles and fields under extreme circumstances, first of all at high temperature and energy density generated in the largest accelerators of the world and supposed to be present in the early evolution of our Universe shortly after the Big Bang.In particular, chaos is rediscovered in a new appearance in these stud
Unstable periodic orbits and noise in chaos computing.
Kia, Behnam; Dari, Anna; Ditto, William L; Spano, Mark L
Different methods to utilize the rich library of patterns and behaviors of a chaotic system have been proposed for doing computation or communication. Since a chaotic system is intrinsically unstable and its nearby orbits diverge exponentially from each other, special attention needs to be paid to the robustness against noise of chaos-based approaches to computation. In this paper unstable periodic orbits, which form the skeleton of any chaotic system, are employed to build a model for the chaotic system to measure the sensitivity of each orbit to noise, and to select the orbits whose symbolic representations are relatively robust against the existence of noise. Furthermore, since unstable periodic orbits are extractable from time series, periodic orbit-based models can be extracted from time series too. Chaos computing can be and has been implemented on different platforms, including biological systems. In biology noise is always present; as a result having a clear model for the effects of noise on any given biological implementation has profound importance. Also, since in biology it is hard to obtain exact dynamical equations of the system under study, the time series techniques we introduce here are of critical importance. PMID:22225394
An Experimental Investigation of Secure Communication With Chaos Masking
Dhar, Sourav
The most exciting recent development in nonlinear dynamics is realization that chaos can be useful. One application involves "Secure Communication". Two piecewise linear systems with switching nonlinearities have been taken as chaos generators. In the present work the phenomenon of secure communication with chaos masking has been investigated experimentally. In this investigation chaos which is generated from two chaos generators is masked with the massage signal to be transmitted, thus makes communication is more secure.
Quantifying chaos for ecological stoichiometry
Duarte, Jorge; Januário, Cristina; Martins, Nuno; Sardanyés, Josep
The theory of ecological stoichiometry considers ecological interactions among species with different chemical compositions. Both experimental and theoretical investigations have shown the importance of species composition in the outcome of the population dynamics. A recent study of a theoretical three-species food chain model considering stoichiometry [B. Deng and I. Loladze, Chaos 17, 033108 (2007)] shows that coexistence between two consumers predating on the same prey is possible via chaos. In this work we study the topological and dynamical measures of the chaotic attractors found in such a model under ecological relevant parameters. By using the theory of symbolic dynamics, we first compute the topological entropy associated with unimodal Poincaré return maps obtained by Deng and Loladze from a dimension reduction. With this measure we numerically prove chaotic competitive coexistence, which is characterized by positive topological entropy and positive Lyapunov exponents, achieved when the first predator reduces its maximum growth rate, as happens at increasing δ1. However, for higher values of δ1 the dynamics become again stable due to an asymmetric bubble-like bifurcation scenario. We also show that a decrease in the efficiency of the predator sensitive to prey's quality (increasing parameter ζ) stabilizes the dynamics. Finally, we estimate the fractal dimension of the chaotic attractors for the stoichiometric ecological model.
Chaos suppression through asymmetric coupling
Bragard, J.; Vidal, G.; Mancini, H.; Mendoza, C.; Boccaletti, S.
We study pairs of identical coupled chaotic oscillators. In particular, we have used Roessler (in the funnel and no funnel regimes), Lorenz, and four-dimensional chaotic Lotka-Volterra models. In all four of these cases, a pair of identical oscillators is asymmetrically coupled. The main result of the numerical simulations is that in all cases, specific values of coupling strength and asymmetry exist that render the two oscillators periodic and synchronized. The values of the coupling strength for which this phenomenon occurs is well below the previously known value for complete synchronization. We have found that this behavior exists for all the chaotic oscillators that we have used in the analysis. We postulate that this behavior is presumably generic to all chaotic oscillators. In order to complete the study, we have tested the robustness of this phenomenon of chaos suppression versus the addition of some Gaussian noise. We found that chaos suppression is robust for the addition of finite noise level. Finally, we propose some extension to this research.
Competitive coexistence in stoichiometric chaos
Deng, Bo; Loladze, Irakli
Classical predator-prey models, such as Lotka-Volterra, track the abundance of prey, but ignore its quality. Yet, in the past decade, some new and occasionally counterintuitive effects of prey quality on food web dynamics emerged from both experiments and mathematical modeling. The underpinning of this work is the theory of ecological stoichiometry that is centered on the fact that each organism is a mixture of multiple chemical elements such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). The ratios of these elements can vary within and among species, providing simple ways to represent prey quality as its C:N or C:P ratios. When these ratios modeled to vary, as they frequently do in nature, seemingly paradoxical results can arise such as the extinction of a predator that has an abundant and accessible prey. Here, for the first time, we show analytically that the reduction in prey quality can give rise to chaotic oscillations. In particular, when competing predators differ in their sensitivity to prey quality then all species can coexist via chaotic fluctuations. The chaos generating mechanism is based on the existence of a junction-fold point on the nullcline surfaces of the species. Conditions on parameters are found for such a point, and the singular perturbation method and the kneading sequence analysis are used to demonstrate the existence of a period-doubling cascade to chaos as a result of the point.
Chua's circuit a paradigm for chaos
For uninitiated researchers, engineers, and scientists interested in a quick entry into the subject of chaos, this book offers a timely collection of 55 carefully selected papers covering almost every aspect of this subject. Because Chua's circuit is endowed with virtually every bifurcation phenomena reported in the extensive literature on chaos, and because it is the only chaotic system which can be easily built by a novice, simulated in a personal computer, and tractable mathematically, it has become a paradigm for chaos, and a vehicle for illustrating this ubiquitous phenomenon. Its supreme
Edge of Chaos and Genesis of Turbulence
Chian, Abraham C -L; Rempel, Erico
The edge of chaos is analyzed in a spatially extended system, modeled by the regularized long-wave equation, prior to the transition to permanent spatiotemporal chaos. In the presence of coexisting attractors, a chaotic saddle is born at the basin boundary due to a smooth-fractal metamorphosis. As a control parameter is varied, the chaotic transient evolves to well-developed transient turbulence via a cascade of fractal-fractal metamorphoses. The edge state responsible for the edge of chaos and the genesis of turbulence is an unstable travelling wave in the laboratory frame, corresponding to a saddle point lying at the basin boundary in the Fourier space.
Physics and Applications of Laser Diode Chaos
Sciamanna, Marc
An overview of chaos in laser diodes is provided which surveys experimental achievements in the area and explains the theory behind the phenomenon. The fundamental physics underpinning this behaviour and also the opportunities for harnessing laser diode chaos for potential applications are discussed. The availability and ease of operation of laser diodes, in a wide range of configurations, make them a convenient test-bed for exploring basic aspects of nonlinear and chaotic dynamics. It also makes them attractive for practical tasks, such as chaos-based secure communications and random number generation. Avenues for future research and development of chaotic laser diodes are also identified.
Distributed chaos and helicity in turbulence
Bershadskii, A
The distributed chaos driven by Levich-Tsinober (helicity) integral: $I=\\int \\langle h({\\bf x},t)~h({\\bf x}+{\\bf r}, t)\\rangle d{\\bf r}$ has been studied. It is shown that the helical distributed chaos can be considered as basis for complex turbulent flows with interplay between large-scale coherent structures and small-scale turbulence, such as Cuette-Taylor flow, wake behind cylinder and turbulent flow in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) with inserted limiters. In the last case appearance of the helical distributed chaos, caused by the limiters, results in improvement of radial particle confinement.
From Hamiltonian chaos to Maxwell's Demon
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The problem of the existence of Maxwell's Demon (MD) is formulated for systems with dynamical chaos. Property of stickiness of individual trajectories, anomalous distribution of the Poincare recurrence time, and anomalous (non-Gaussian) transport for a typical system with Hamiltonian chaos results in a possibility to design a situation equivalent to the MD operation. A numerical example demonstrates a possibility to set without expenditure of work a thermodynamically non-equilibrium state between two contacted domains of the phase space lasting for an arbitrarily long time. This result offers a new view of the Hamiltonian chaos and its role in the foundation of statistical mechanics. copyright 1995 American Institute of Physics
Chaos dynamic characteristics during mine fires
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Mine fires break out and continue in confmed scopes, studying mine fire dynamics characteristics is very usefulto prevent and control fire. The judgement index of fire chaos characteristics was introduced, chaos analysis of mine Fireprocess was described, and the reconstruction of phase space was also presented. An example of mine fire was calculated.The computations show that it is feasible to analyze mine fire dynamic characteristics with chaos theory, and indicate thatfire preoeas is a catastrophe, that is to say, the fire system changes from one state to another during mine fire
Chaos from simple models to complex systems
Cencini, Massimo; Vulpiani, Angelo
Chaos: from simple models to complex systems aims to guide science and engineering students through chaos and nonlinear dynamics from classical examples to the most recent fields of research. The first part, intended for undergraduate and graduate students, is a gentle and self-contained introduction to the concepts and main tools for the characterization of deterministic chaotic systems, with emphasis to statistical approaches. The second part can be used as a reference by researchers as it focuses on more advanced topics including the characterization of chaos with tools of information theor
Dessi, Roberta; Rustichini, Aldo
A large literature in psychology, and more recently in economics, has argued that monetary rewards can reduce intrinsic motivation. We investigate whether the negative impact persists when intrinsic motivation is strong, and test this hypothesis experimentally focusing on the motivation to undertake interesting and challenging tasks, informative about individual ability. We find that this type of task can generate strong intrinsic motivation, that is impervious to the effect of monetary incen...
Quantum Correlations, Chaos and Information
Madhok, Vaibhav
Quantum chaos is the study of quantum systems whose classical description is chaotic. How does chaos manifest itself in the quantum world? In this spirit, we study the dynamical generation of entanglement as a signature of chaos in a system of periodically kicked coupled-tops, where chaos and entanglement arise from the same physical mechanism. The long-time entanglement as a function of the position of an initially localized wave packet very closely correlates with the classical phase space surface of section - it is nearly uniform in the chaotic sea, and reproduces the detailed structure of the regular islands. The uniform value in the chaotic sea is explained by the random state conjecture. As classically chaotic dynamics take localized distributions in phase space to random distributions, quantized versions take localized coherent states to pseudo-random states in Hilbert space. Such random states are highly entangled, with an average value near that of the maximally entangled state. For a map with global chaos, we derive that value based on new analytic results for the entropy of random states. For a mixed phase space, we use the Percival conjecture to identify a "chaotic subspace" of the Hilbert space. The typical entanglement, averaged over the unitarily invariant Haar measure in this subspace, agrees with the long-time averaged entanglement for initial states in the chaotic sea. In all cases the dynamically generated entanglement is that of a random complex vector, even though the system is time-reversal invariant, and the Floquet operator is a member of the circular orthogonal ensemble. Continuing on our journey to find the footprints of chaos in the quantum world, we explore quantum signatures of classical chaos by studying the rate of information gain in quantum tomography. The measurement record is obtained as a sequence of expectation values of a Hermitian operator evolving under repeated application of the Floquet operator of the quantum kicked top on
Superfluid (quantum) turbulence and distributed chaos
Bershadskii, A
Properties of distributed chaos in superfluid (quantum) turbulence have been studied using the data of recent direct numerical simulations (HVBK two-fluid model for He II, and a moving grid in the frames of Gross-Pitaevskii model of the Bose-Einstein condensates at low temperatures). It is found that for the viscous (normal) component of the velocity field in He II the viscosity dominates the distributed chaos with the stretched exponential spectrum $\\exp(-k/k_{\\beta})^{\\beta}$ and $\\beta = 2/3$. For the superfluid component the distributed chaos is dominated by the vorticity correlation integral with $\\beta =1/2$ (the soft spontaneous breaking of the space translational symmetry - homogeneity). For very low temperature the distributed chaos is tuned to the large-scale coherent motions: the viscous (normal) component is tuned to the fundamental mode, whereas the superfluid component is subharmonically tuned. For the Gross-Pitaevskii superfluid turbulence incompressible part of the energy spectrum (containing ...
Coherence and chaos in condensed matter
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper discusses the following topics: nonlinearity in condensed matter; coherence and chaos in spatially extended condensed matter systems; nonlinearity and magnetism; and solitons and conducting polymers. 52 refs., 7 figs
Symmetry vs. Chaos in collective dynamics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Models of nuclear collective dynamics are used to study the interplay of order (approximate dynamical symmetry) and chaos in general physical systems. We report on some recent results obtained within the interacting boson model and the geometric model. (author)
Geodesics deviation equation approach to chaos
Dobrowolski, Tomasz; Szczesny, Jerzy
Geodesics deviation equation (GDE) is itroduced. In "adiabatic" approximation exact solution of the GDE if found. Perturbation theory in general case is formulated. Geometrical criterion of local instability which may lead to chaos is formulated.
Sándor, Bulcsú; Tél, Tamás; Néda, Zoltán
The dynamics of a spring-block train placed on a moving conveyor belt is investigated both by simple experiments and computer simulations. The first block is connected by spring to an external static point, and due to the dragging effect of the belt the blocks undergo complex stick-slip dynamics. A qualitative agreement with the experimental results can only be achieved by taking into account the spatial inhomogeneity of the friction force on the belt's surface, modeled as noise. As a function of the velocity of the conveyor belt and the noise strength, the system exhibits complex, self-organized critical, sometimes chaotic dynamics and phase transition-like behavior. Noise induced chaos and intermittency is also observed. Simulations suggest that the maximum complexity of the dynamical states is achieved for a relatively small number of blocks, around five.
[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Click on image for animation of 3-dimensional model with 5x vertical exaggeration This image of chaotic terrain in the Aureum Chaos region of Mars was taken by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) at 0858UTC (3:58 a.m. EST) on January 24, 2008, near 3.66 degrees south latitude, 26.5 degrees west longitude. The image was taken in 544 colors covering 0.36-3.92 micrometers, and shows features as small as 18 meters (60 feet) across. The image is about 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) wide at its narrowest point. Aureum Chaos is a 368 kilometer (229 mile) wide area of chaotic terrain in the eastern part of Valles Marineris. The chaotic terrain is thought to have formed by collapse of the surrounding Margaritifer Terra highland region. Aureum Chaos contains heavily eroded, randomly oriented mesas, plateaus, and knobs many revealing distinct layered deposits along their slopes. These deposits may be formed from remnants of the collapsed highlands, sand carried by Martian winds, dust or volcanic ash that settled out of the atmosphere, or sediments laid down on the floor of an ancient lake. The top panel in the montage above shows the location of the CRISM image on a mosaic taken by the Mars Odyssey spacecraft's Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). The CRISM data cover a narrow plateau near the edge of the chaotic terrain, that stretches across from the southwest to the northeast. The lower left image, an infrared false color image, reveals the plateau and several eroded knobs of varying sizes. The plateau's layer-cake structure is similar to that of other layered outcrops in Valles Marineris. The lower right image reveals the strengths of mineral spectral features overlain on a black-and-white version of the infrared image. Areas shaded in red hold more of the mineral pyroxene, a primary component of basaltic rocks that are prevalent in the highlands. Spots of green indicate monohydrated sulfate
Chaos in junctions and devices
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The plan of the paper is as follows. Section 2 is an introduction into chaos in dissipative systems with an emphasis on period doubling and intermittency. The logistic map and the circle map are discussed and their significance as describing systems of continuous dynamics is emphasized. Section 3 is subdivided into two parts after the introduction of the RSJ equations. The first is on the ac driven Josephson junction without a dc bias and the second on the same with a dc current. Each of these subdivisions includes a discussion of experiments as well. There is also a section on investigations that do not fit into either of the above categories. Section 4 is devoted to the dc-SQUID, in the first part as a magnetic flux gauge and in the second as a four dimensional dynamical system, which can be simulated with great accuracy and compared with one dimensional models. (orig./BUD)
Ordered and Disordered Defect Chaos
Granzow, G D; Granzow, Glen D.; Riecke, Hermann
Defect-chaos is studied numerically in coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations for parametrically driven waves. The motion of the defects is traced in detail yielding their life-times, annihilation partners, and distances traveled. In a regime in which in the one-dimensional case the chaotic dynamics is due to double phase slips, the two-dimensional system exhibits a strongly ordered stripe pattern. When the parity-breaking instability to traveling waves is approached this order vanishes and the correlation function decays rapidly. In the ordered regime the defects have a typical life-time, whereas in the disordered regime the life-time distribution is exponential. The probability of large defect loops is substantially larger in the disordered regime.
P. Tallapragada; Ross, Shane. D.; Schmale, D. G., III
Many microorganisms are advected in the lower atmosphere from one habitat to another with scales of motion being hundreds to thousands of kilometers. The concentration of these microbes in the lower atmosphere at a single geographic location can show rapid temporal changes. We used autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with microbe-sampling devices to collect fungi in the genus Fusarium 100 m above ground level at a single sampling location in Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Some Fusarium s...
Detecting nonlinearity and chaos in epidemic data
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ellner, S.; Gallant, A.R. [North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States). Dept. of Statistics; Theiler, J. [Santa Fe Inst., NM (United States)]|[Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Historical data on recurrent epidemics have been central to the debate about the prevalence of chaos in biological population dynamics. Schaffer and Kot who first recognized that the abundance and accuracy of disease incidence data opened the door to applying a range of methods for detecting chaos that had been devised in the early 1980`s. Using attractor reconstruction, estimates of dynamical invariants, and comparisons between data and simulation of SEIR models, the ``case for chaos in childhood epidemics`` was made through a series of influential papers beginning in the mid 1980`s. The proposition that the precise timing and magnitude of epidemic outbreaks are deterministic but chaotic is appealing, since it raises the hope of finding determinism and simplicity beneath the apparently stochastic and complicated surface of the data. The initial enthusiasm for methods of detecting chaos in data has been followed by critical re-evaluations of their limitations. Early hopes of a ``one size fits all`` algorithm to diagnose chaos vs. noise in any data set have given way to a recognition that a variety of methods must be used, and interpretation of results must take into account the limitations of each method and the imperfections of the data. Our goals here are to outline some newer methods for detecting nonlinearity and chaos that have a solid statistical basis and are suited to epidemic data, and to begin a re-evaluation of the claims for nonlinear dynamics and chaos in epidemics using these newer methods. We also identify features of epidemic data that create problems for the older, better known methods of detecting chaos. When we ask ``are epidemics nonlinear?``, we are not questioning the existence of global nonlinearities in epidemic dynamics, such as nonlinear transmission rates. Our question is whether the data`s deviations from an annual cyclic trend (which would reflect global nonlinearities) are described by a linear, noise-driven stochastic process.
Polynomial chaos representation of a stochastic preconditioner
Desceliers, Christophe; Ghanem, R; Soize, Christian
A method is developed in this paper to accelerate the convergence in computing the solution of stochastic algebraic systems of equations. The method is based on computing, via statistical sampling, a polynomial chaos decomposition of a stochastic preconditioner to the system of equations. This preconditioner can subsequently be used in conjunction with either chaos representations of the solution or with approaches based on Monte Carlo sampling. In addition to presenting the supporting theory...
Microscopic theory of intrinsic shear and bulk viscosities
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A microscopic theory of intrinsic shear and bulk viscosities of solutions is given for a model of particles that interact with hard-sphere cores and weak long-range attraction. The approximation considered (the velocity chaos assumption of the Enskog theory) can be expected to yield quantitatively useful values for viscosities of the model solute-solvent system when the solute particles are not much larger than the solvent particles. Under solute-solvent mixing conditions of constant pressure and temperature, it is found that the intrinsic viscosities of a hard-sphere solute in a hard-sphere solvent can be positive or negative, depending upon size and mass ratios; for solute and solvent particles whose mass ratio equals their volume ratio, the intrinsic shear and bulk viscosities are always positive for solute particles larger than solvent particles: in the opposite case, the intrinsic shear viscosity is always negative while the intrinsic bulk viscosity is for the most part negative, becoming positive again when the solute particle is sufficiently small. For solute particles smaller than solvent particles, this result is sensitive to change in mass ratio. The addition of solvent-solvent attraction is found to lower the intrinsic viscosities substantially; the addition of solute-solvent attraction raises it. Detailed quantitative analysis of these effects is given
On indeterminism, chaos, and small number particle systems in the brain.
Lewis, Edwin R; MacGregor, Ronald J
This paper presents rational, theoretical, and empirical grounds for doubting the principle of determinism in nature and in the brain, and discusses implications of this for free will and the chaos model of the brain. Small number particle systems are practically indeterministic and may be intrinsically indeterministic. Determinism in nature has often been taken to preclude free will. Strict determinism is a concept frequently applied to systems theory, establishing, e.g., the uniqueness of state-space trajectories. In order to consider determinism as a law of nature, however, one must be able to subject it to empirical tests. Presently, one is not able to and whether this can be shown to enable free will or not is not clear. It does remove, at least for the present, determinism itself as a rationale for precluding free will. The work partially supports the chaos model, but weakens the computational computer metaphor of brain function. PMID:16783870
Spatial interaction creates period-doubling bifurcation and chaos of urbanization
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper provides a new way of looking at complicated dynamics of simple mathematical models. The complicated behavior of simple equations is one of the headstreams of chaos theory. However, a recent study based on dynamical equations of urbanization shows that there are still some undiscovered secrets behind the simple mathematical models such as logistic equation. The rural-urban interaction model can also display varied kinds of complicated dynamics, including period-doubling bifurcation and chaos. The two-dimension map of urbanization presents the same dynamics as that from the one-dimension logistic map. In theory, the logistic equation can be derived from the two-population interaction model. This seems to suggest that the complicated behavior of simple models results from interaction rather than pure intrinsic randomicity. In light of this idea, the classical predator-prey interaction model can be revised to explain the complex dynamics of logistic equation in physical and social sciences.
Input-dependent Suppression of Chaos in Recurrent Neural Networks
Rajan, K.; Abbott, L. F.; Sompolinsky, H.
Neuronal responses arise from an interaction between spontaneous activity and responses driven by external inputs. Experiments studying cortical circuits reveal a striking similarity between the magnitude and complexity of intrinsic and input-generated activity. How does a network generating complex activity remain sensitive to external inputs? This seems unlikely for a network in which input-driven responses add linearly to ongoing activity generated by stochastic noise generators. We developed a mean-field theory and used recurrent network models to distinguish between this type of external noise and chaotic background generated by strong coupling within the circuit. As a result of a highly nonlinear relationship between input- and internally generated activity, we show that intrinsic noise is sensitive to the amplitude and the spatiotemporal structure of the input. We find that input not only drives responses, it also actively suppresses spontaneous activity, leading to a phase transition in which the chaotic background is absent. Although the power spectrum of the spontaneous activity falls exponentially from zero, the phase transition reveals a resonant frequency at which relatively a weak input suppresses chaos. As long as the input drives the system across the phase transition, a spontaneously active network can work with coupling strong enough to allow large signal amplification and selectivity without the complex background interfering with sensory processing.
Chaos forgets and remembers: Measuring information creation, destruction, and storage
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
James, Ryan G., E-mail: email@example.com [Complexity Sciences Center and Physics Department, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (United States); Burke, Korana, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Complexity Sciences Center and Physics Department, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (United States); Crutchfield, James P., E-mail: email@example.com [Complexity Sciences Center and Physics Department, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (United States); Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501 (United States)
Highlights: • Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy measures information creation in dynamical systems. • It decomposes into information remembered (bound) and that forgotten (ephemeral). • Thus chaotic dynamical systems compute: they actively store and destroy information. • This is easily estimated and, in many cases, analytically computed. • Decomposition illustrated for the Logistic, Tent, and Lozi discrete-time maps. - Abstract: The hallmark of deterministic chaos is that it creates information—the rate being given by the Kolmogorov–Sinai metric entropy. Since its introduction half a century ago, the metric entropy has been used as a unitary quantity to measure a system's intrinsic unpredictability. Here, we show that it naturally decomposes into two structurally meaningful components: A portion of the created information—the ephemeral information—is forgotten and a portion—the bound information—is remembered. The bound information is a new kind of intrinsic computation that differs fundamentally from information creation: it measures the rate of active information storage. We show that it can be directly and accurately calculated via symbolic dynamics, revealing a hitherto unknown richness in how dynamical systems compute.
CHAOS III: Gas-Phase Abundances in NGC5457
Croxall, Kevin; Berg, Danielle A; Skillman, Evan D; Moustakas, John
The CHemical Abundances of Spirals (CHAOS) project leverages the combined power of the Large Binocular Telescope with the broad spectral range and sensitivity of the Multi Object Double Spectrograph (MODS) to measure direct abundances in large samples of HII regions in spiral galaxies. We present LBT MODS observations of 109 Hii regions in NGC5457, of which 74 have robust measurements of key auroral lines, a factor of 3 larger than all previous published detections of auroral lines in the HII regions of NGC5457. Comparing the temperatures derived from the different ionic species we find: (1) strong correlations of T[NII] with T[SIII] and T[OIII], consistent with little or no intrinsic scatter; (2) a correlation of T[SIII] with T[OIII], but with significant intrinsic dispersion; (3) overall agreement between T[NII], T[SII], and T[OII], as expected, but with significant outliers; (4) the correlations of T[NII] with T[SIII] and T[OIII] match the predictions of photoionization modeling while the correlation of T[...
Murakami, Shuichi
A brief review is given on the spin Hall effect, where an external electric field induces a transverse spin current. It has been recognized over 30 years that such effect occurs due to impurities in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Meanwhile, it was proposed recently that there is also an intrinsic contribution for this effect. We explain the mechanism for this intrinsic spin Hall effect. We also discuss recent experimental observations of the spin Hall effect.
Truc Le
We review the nature of some well-known phenomena such as volatility smiles, convexity adjustments and parallel derivative markets. We propose that the market is incomplete and postulate the existence of intrinsic risks in every contingent claim as a basis for understanding these phenomena. In a continuous time framework, we bring together the notion of intrinsic risk and the theory of change of measures to derive a probability measure, namely risk-subjective measure, for evaluating contingen...
2nd International Symposium on Chaos, Complexity and Leadership
Banerjee, Santo
These proceedings from the 2013 symposium on "Chaos, complexity and leadership" reflect current research results from all branches of Chaos, Complex Systems and their applications in Management. Included are the diverse results in the fields of applied nonlinear methods, modeling of data and simulations, as well as theoretical achievements of Chaos and Complex Systems. Also highlighted are Leadership and Management applications of Chaos and Complexity Theory.
Chaos Theory and Literature from an Existentialist Perspective
Khamees Ragab Aman, Yasser
Yasser Khamees Ragab Aman proposes in his article "Chaos Theory and Literature from an Existentialist Perspective" that in literature the relation, principles, and processes of chaos and order can be analyzed from an existentialist perspective. Chaos lies at the heart of nothingness and order is the appearance of the achievement it tries to realize, temporary it may seem. Aman argues that with the application of chaos theory to works of literature may yield new insight and applies in his pape...
Nuclear collective dynamics and chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The present status and future problems in both the classical-level theory and full quantum theory of nuclear collective dynamics are discussed by putting special emphasis on their relation to the classical and quantum order-to-chaos transition dynamics, respectively. The nonlinear dynamics between the collective and single-particle excitation modes of motion specific for the finite, self-sustained and self-organizing system as the nucleus is discussed within the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory, the basic equation of which is shown to be formally equivalent to the Hamilton's canonical equations of motion in the classical nonlinear dynamical system. An importance to relate the structure of the TDHF symplectic manifold with an inexhaustible rich structure of the classical phase space in the nonlinear system is stressed. A full quantum theory of nuclear collective dynamics is proposed under a dictation of what has been developed in the classical-level TDHF theory. It is shown that the proposed quantum theory enables us to explore exceeding complexity of the Hilbert space. It is discussed that a resonant denominator known as a source of the extraordinary rich structure of the phase space trajectories, also plays a decisive role in generating a rich structure of the quantum Hilbert space. (author) 87 refs
Generic superweak chaos induced by Hall effect
Ben-Harush, Moti; Dana, Itzhack
We introduce and study the "kicked Hall system" (KHS), i.e., charged particles periodically kicked in the presence of uniform magnetic (B ) and electric (E ) fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the kicking direction. We show that for resonant values of B and E and in the weak-chaos regime of sufficiently small nonintegrability parameter κ (the kicking strength), there exists a generic family of periodic kicking potentials for which the Hall effect from B and E significantly suppresses the weak chaos, replacing it by "superweak" chaos (SWC). This means that the system behaves as if the kicking strength were κ2 rather than κ . For E =0 , SWC is known to be a classical fingerprint of quantum antiresonance, but it occurs under much less generic conditions, in particular only for very special kicking potentials. Manifestations of SWC are a decrease in the instability of periodic orbits and a narrowing of the chaotic layers, relative to the ordinary weak-chaos case. Also, for global SWC, taking place on an infinite "stochastic web" in phase space, the chaotic diffusion on the web is much slower than the weak-chaos one. Thus, the Hall effect can be relatively stabilizing for small κ . In some special cases, the effect is shown to cause ballistic motion for almost all parameter values. The generic global SWC on stochastic webs in the KHS appears to be the two-dimensional closest analog to the Arnol'd web in higher dimensional systems.
Household Chaos--Links with Parenting and Child Behaviour
Coldwell, Joanne; Pike, Alison; Dunn, Judy
Background: The study aimed to confirm previous findings showing links between household chaos and parenting in addition to examining whether household chaos was predictive of children's behaviour over and above parenting. In addition, we investigated whether household chaos acts as a moderator between parenting and children's behaviour. Method:…
God's Stuff: The Constructive Powers of Chaos for Teaching Religion
Willhauck, Susan
Order and organization are valued in the classroom, and there is a prevailing understanding that chaos should be avoided. Yet chaos can also be potent space or a source from which new things spring forth. This article investigates biblical, scientific, and cultural understandings of chaos to discover how these contribute to a revelatory metaphor…
Reliable Computational Predictions by Modeling Uncertainties Using Arbitrary Polynomial Chaos
Witteveen, J.A.S.; Bijl, H
Inherent physical uncertainties can have a significant influence on computational predictions. It is therefore important to take physical uncertainties into account to obtain more reliable computational predictions. The Galerkin polynomial chaos method is a commonly applied uncertainty quantification method. However, the polynomial chaos expansion has some limitations. Firstly, the polynomial chaos expansion based on classical polynomials can achieve exponential convergence for a limited set ...
Anti-control of chaos of single time scale brushless dc motors and chaos synchronization of different order systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Anti-control of chaos of single time scale brushless dc motors (BLDCM) and chaos synchronization of different order systems are studied in this paper. By addition of an external nonlinear term, we can obtain anti-control of chaos. Then, by addition of the coupling terms, by the use of Lyapunov stability theorem and by the linearization of the error dynamics, chaos synchronization between a third-order BLDCM and a second-order Duffing system are presented
Chaos Concepts, Control and Constructive Use
Bolotin, Yurii; Yanovsky, Vladimir
The study of chaotic behaviour in nonlinear, dynamical systems is now a well established research domain with ramifications into all fields of sciences, spanning a vast range of applications, from celestial mechanics, via climate change, to the functioning of brownian motors in cells. A more recent discovery is that chaos can be controlled and, under appropriate conditions, can actually be constructive in the sense of becoming a control parameter itself for the system under investigation, stochastic resonance being a prime example. The present work is putting emphasis on the latter aspects, and after recalling the paradigm changes introduced by the concept of chaos, leads the reader skillfully through the basics of chaos control by detailing relevant algorithms for both Hamiltonian and dissipative systems amongst others. The main part of the book is then devoted to the issue of synchronization in chaotic systems, an introduction to stochastic resonance and a survey of ratchet models. This short and concise pr...
Associative memory with spatiotemporal chaos control
Kushibe, Masanori; Liu, Yun; Ohtsubo, Junji
Control of spatiotemporal chaos in a neural network with discrete time and continuous state variables is investigated. The chaos control is performed with the knowledge of only a part of the target information in the memory patterns. The success rate for the pattern associations and the dependence of the search time on the sampling number in the proposed chaos neural network are studied. By the introduction of the reinforcement factor in the learning process, the recognition rate of the network can be much enhanced. Random and regular samplings of the pattern for the control are tested and the successful results of the associations are demonstrated. The chaotic behavior and recalling ability of the system are evaluated based on the analysis of the Lyapunov spectrum of the network.
Improved particle swarm optimization combined with chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
As a novel optimization technique, chaos has gained much attention and some applications during the past decade. For a given energy or cost function, by following chaotic ergodic orbits, a chaotic dynamic system may eventually reach the global optimum or its good approximation with high probability. To enhance the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO), which is an evolutionary computation technique through individual improvement plus population cooperation and competition, hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed by incorporating chaos. Firstly, adaptive inertia weight factor (AIWF) is introduced in PSO to efficiently balance the exploration and exploitation abilities. Secondly, PSO with AIWF and chaos are hybridized to form a chaotic PSO (CPSO), which reasonably combines the population-based evolutionary searching ability of PSO and chaotic searching behavior. Simulation results and comparisons with the standard PSO and several meta-heuristics show that the CPSO can effectively enhance the searching efficiency and greatly improve the searching quality
Nonlinear dynamics and quantum chaos an introduction
Wimberger, Sandro
The field of nonlinear dynamics and chaos has grown very much over the last few decades and is becoming more and more relevant in different disciplines. This book presents a clear and concise introduction to the field of nonlinear dynamics and chaos, suitable for graduate students in mathematics, physics, chemistry, engineering, and in natural sciences in general. It provides a thorough and modern introduction to the concepts of Hamiltonian dynamical systems' theory combining in a comprehensive way classical and quantum mechanical description. It covers a wide range of topics usually not found in similar books. Motivations of the respective subjects and a clear presentation eases the understanding. The book is based on lectures on classical and quantum chaos held by the author at Heidelberg University. It contains exercises and worked examples, which makes it ideal for an introductory course for students as well as for researchers starting to work in the field.
Experimental Evidence of Chaos from Memristors
Gambuzza, Lucia Valentina; Fortuna, Luigi; Frasca, Mattia; Gale, Ella
Until now, most memristor-based chaotic circuits proposed in the literature are based on mathematical models which assume ideal characteristics such as piecewise-linear or cubic nonlinearities. The idea, illustrated here and originating from the experimental approach for device characterization, is to realize a chaotic system exploiting the nonlinearity of only one memristor with a very simple experimental set-up using feedback. In this way, a simple circuit is obtained and chaos is experimentally observed and is confirmed by the calculation of the largest Lyapunov exponent. Numerical results using the Strukov model support the existence of robust chaos in our circuit. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of chaos in a real memristor circuit and suggests that memristors are well placed for hardware encryption.
Towards CHAOS-5 - How can Swarm contribute?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Finlay, Chris; Olsen, Nils; Tøffner-Clausen, Lars
The launch of ESA's satellite trio Swarm in November 2013 opens an exciting new chapter in the observation and monitoring of Earth's magnetic field from space. We report preliminary results from an extension of the CHAOS series of geomagnetic field models to include both scalar and vector field...... observations from the three Swarm satellites, along with the most recent quasi-definitive ground observatory data. The fit of this new update CHAOS field model to the Swarm observations will be presented in detail providing useful insight the initial Swarm data. Enhancements of the CHAOS modelling scheme...... include a 1 minute time resolution for the RC index and anisotropic weighting of vector field data depending on quasi-dipole latitude. We shall also report on the perspective given by the initial Swarm data on rapid field changes currently taking place in the Atlantic sector....
Nonlinear Physics Integrability, Chaos and Beyond
Lakshmanan, M
Integrability and chaos are two of the main concepts associated with nonlinear physical systems which have revolutionized our understanding of them. Highly stable exponentially localized solitons are often associated with many of the important integrable nonlinear systems while motions which are sensitively dependent on initial conditions are associated with chaotic systems. Besides dramatically raising our perception of many natural phenomena, these concepts are opening up new vistas of applications and unfolding technologies: Optical soliton based information technology, magnetoelectronics, controlling and synchronization of chaos and secure communications, to name a few. These developments have raised further new interesting questions and potentialities. We present a particular view of some of the challenging problems and payoffs ahead in the next few decades by tracing the early historical events, summarizing the revolutionary era of 1950-70 when many important new ideas including solitons and chaos were ...
Polynomial chaos functions and stochastic differential equations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The Karhunen-Loeve procedure and the associated polynomial chaos expansion have been employed to solve a simple first order stochastic differential equation which is typical of transport problems. Because the equation has an analytical solution, it provides a useful test of the efficacy of polynomial chaos. We find that the convergence is very rapid in some cases but that the increased complexity associated with many random variables can lead to very long computational times. The work is illustrated by exact and approximate solutions for the mean, variance and the probability distribution itself. The usefulness of a white noise approximation is also assessed. Extensive numerical results are given which highlight the weaknesses and strengths of polynomial chaos. The general conclusion is that the method is promising but requires further detailed study by application to a practical problem in transport theory
Chaos in periodically forced Holling type IV predator-prey system with impulsive perturbations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The effect of periodic forcing and impulsive perturbations on predator-prey model with Holling type IV functional response is investigated. The periodic forcing is affected by assuming a periodic variation in the intrinsic growth rate of the prey. The impulsive perturbations are affected by introducing periodic constant impulsive immigration of predator. The dynamical behavior of the system is simulated and bifurcation diagrams are obtained for different parameters. The results show that periodic forcing and impulsive perturbation can easily give rise to complex dynamics, including (1) quasi-periodic oscillating, (2) period doubling cascade, (3) chaos, (4) period halfing cascade
Chaos in periodically forced Holling type II predator-prey system with impulsive perturbations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The effect of periodic forcing and impulsive perturbations on predator-prey model with Holling type II functional response is investigated. The periodic forcing is affected by assuming a periodic variation in the intrinsic growth rate of prey. The impulsive perturbation is affected by introducing periodic constant impulsive immigration of predator. The dynamical behavior of the system is simulated and bifurcation diagrams are obtained for different parameters. The results show that periodic forcing and impulsive perturbation can very easily give rise to complex dynamics, including (1) quasi-periodic oscillating, (2) period doubling cascade, (3) chaos, (4) period halfing cascade, (5) non-unique dynamics
Transition to chaos of thermocapillary convection
Li, Kai; Tang, Ze Mei; Aa, Yan; Hu, Wen-Rui
Transition of fluid convection to chaos in dissipative dynamical systems is a subject of great interest for both its theoretical and practical aspects in the fluid mechanics. Extensive studies have shown that there are several routes of the buoyant natural convection to chaos depending on parameters of the dissipative dynamical systems such as the Rayleigh number, the Prandtl number and geometry aspect. Another important type of natural convection is thermocapillary convection driven by the surface-tension gradient prominent in fluid systems with interface in the microgravity condition or in small-scaled terrestrial configurations (The relative importance of the gravity effect to the capillary effect is scaled by the static Bond number, , and the dynamic Bond number, , the geometrical scale of the system in the terrestrial experiments, therefore, was significantly reduced to make the capillary effect dominant). The thermocapillary convection has become one of the fundamental subjects in the microgravity fluid physics and space fluid/heat management. However, most studies now available were focused on the onset of oscillatory thermocapillary convection, the initial regime of the route to chaos. A complete route to chaos in such a new sort of dissipative system is still an attractive open question, especially in the experimental study. In present study, the route to chaos of the thermocapillary convection has been investigated. Several routes to chaos, e.g. period oscillatory convection to quasi-period oscillatory convection with 2 to 3 major frequencies, a series of successive period doubling bifurcations and their combination, of the thermocapillary flow is reported through the temperature measurements and the corresponding real time analysis of frequency spectra accomplished by Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT) or numerically. The corresponding phase diagrams are also provided.
Chaos, brain and divided consciousness.
Bob, Petr
Modern trends in psychology and cognitive neuroscience suggest that applications of nonlinear dynamics, chaos and self-organization seem to be particularly important for research of some fundamental problems regarding mind-brain relationship. Relevant problems among others are formations of memories during alterations of mental states and nature of a barrier that divides mental states, and leads to the process called dissociation. This process is related to a formation of groups of neurons which often synchronize their firing patterns in a unique spatial maner. Central theme of this study is the relationship between level of moving and oscilating mental processes and their neurophysiological substrate. This opens a question about principles of organization of conscious experiences and how these experiences arise in the brain. Chaotic self-organization provides a unique theoretical and experimental tool for deeper understanding of dissociative phenomena and enables to study how dissociative phenomena can be linked to epileptiform discharges which are related to various forms of psychological and somatic manifestations. Organizing principles that constitute human consciousness and other mental phenomena from this point of view may be described by analysis and reconstruction of underlying dynamics of psychological or psychophysiological measures. These nonlinear methods in this study were used for analysis of characteristic changes in EEG and bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA) during reliving of dissociated traumatic and stressful memories and during psychopathological states. Analysis confirms a possible role of chaotic transitions in the processing of dissociated memory. Supportive finding for a possible chaotic process related to dissociation found in this study represent also significant relationship of dissociation, epileptiform discharges measured by typical psychopathological manifestations and characteristic laterality changes in bilateral EDA in patients
Distributed chaos and inertial ranges in turbulence
Bershadskii, A
It is shown that appearance of inertial range of scales, adjacent to distributed chaos range, results in adiabatic invariance of an energy correlation integral for isotropic homogeneous turbulence and for buoyancy driven turbulence (with stable or unstable stratification, including Rayleigh-Taylor mixing zone). Power spectrum of velocity field for distributed chaos dominated by this adiabatic invariant has a stretched exponential form $\\propto \\exp(-k/k_{\\beta})^{3/5}$. Results of recent direct numerical simulations have been used in order to support these conclusions.
Controlling chaos in an economic model
Chen, Liang; Chen, Guanrong
A Cournot duopoly, with a bounded inverse demand function and different constant marginal production costs, can be modeled as a discrete-time dynamical system, which exhibits complex bifurcating and chaotic behaviors. Based on some essential features of the model, we show how bifurcation and chaos can be controlled via the delayed feedback control method. We then propose and evaluate an adaptive parameter-tuning algorithm for control. In addition, we discuss possible economic implications of the chaos control strategies described in the paper.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Since the conventional open-loop optimal targeting of chaos is very sensitive to noise, a close-loop optimal targeting method is proposed to improve the targeting performance under noise. The present optimal targeting model takes into consideration both precision and speed of the targeting procedure. The parameters, rather than the output, of the targeting controller, are directly optimized to obtain optimal chaos targeting. Analysis regarding the mechanism is given from physics aspect and numerical experiment on the Hénon map is carried out to compare the targeting performance under noise between the close-loop and the open-loop methods.
On chaos synchronization and secure communication.
Kinzel, W; Englert, A; Kanter, I
Chaos synchronization, in particular isochronal synchronization of two chaotic trajectories to each other, may be used to build a means of secure communication over a public channel. In this paper, we give an overview of coupling schemes of Bernoulli units deduced from chaotic laser systems, different ways to transmit information by chaos synchronization and the advantage of bidirectional over unidirectional coupling with respect to secure communication. We present the protocol for using dynamical private commutative filters for tap-proof transmission of information that maps the task of a passive attacker to the class of non-deterministic polynomial time-complete problems. PMID:20008407
Preliminary Starch Grain Evidence of Ancient Stone Tool Use at the Early Archaic (9,000 B.P. Site of Sandy Hill, Mashantucket, Connecticut
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Thomas C. Hart
Full Text Available Early Archaic subsistence strategies of New England remain poorly understood despite their importance in helping researchers understand how people adapt to changing landscapes following the end of the last glacial maximum (21,000-14,000 B.P.. Excavations at the Mashantucket Pequot Reservation in Mashantucket, Connecticut during the 1990s revealed a large, semi-sedentary village nestled alongside a complex wetland ecosystem. In this paper, we present preliminary starch grain analysis of several stone tools recovered and curated from these excavations. The results of this study indicate that both transitory and reserve starch grains are preserved on these artifacts and that at least one of the artifacts may have been used for leaf or stem processing. The results of this study also demonstrate the potential for future research in which paired macrobotanical and residue analysis will allow for a better understanding of subsistence practices at the site and during the early Archaic in general.
Lorentz invariant intrinsic decoherence
Milburn, G J
Quantum decoherence can arise due to classical fluctuations in the parameters which define the dynamics of the system. In this case decoherence, and complementary noise, is manifest when data from repeated measurement trials are combined. Recently a number of authors have suggested that fluctuations in the space-time metric arising from quantum gravity effects would correspond to a source of intrinsic noise, which would necessarily be accompanied by intrinsic decoherence. This work extends a previous heuristic modification of Schr\\"{o}dinger dynamics based on discrete time intervals with an intrinsic uncertainty. The extension uses unital semigroup representations of space and time translations rather than the more usual unitary representation, and does the least violence to physically important invariance principles. Physical consequences include a modification of the uncertainty principle and a modification of field dispersion relations, in a way consistent with other modifications suggested by quantum grav...
A new species of the archaic primate Zanycteris from the late Paleocene of western Colorado and the phylogenetic position of the family Picrodontidae
Benjamin John Burger
A new species of an archaic primate (Pleisadapiformes) is described based on a maxilla containing the first and second upper molars from the Fort Union Formation, Atwell Gulch Member in northwestern Colorado. The preserved teeth show the unusual dental characteristics of members of the rare and poorly documented Picrodontidae family, including an elongated centrocrista and wide occlusal surface. The new species is placed within the genus Zanycteris (represented by a single specimen from south...
Intrinsic time quantum geometrodynamics
Ita, Eyo Eyo; Soo, Chopin; Yu, Hoi-Lai
Quantum geometrodynamics with intrinsic time development and momentric variables is presented. An underlying SU(3) group structure at each spatial point regulates the theory. The intrinsic time behavior of the theory is analyzed, together with its ground state and primordial quantum fluctuations. Cotton-York potential dominates at early times when the universe was small; the ground state naturally resolves Penrose's Weyl curvature hypothesis, and thermodynamic and gravitational "arrows of time" point in the same direction. Ricci scalar potential corresponding to Einstein's general relativity emerges as a zero-point energy contribution. A new set of fundamental commutation relations without Planck's constant emerges from the unification of gravitation and quantum mechanics.
Intrinsic Time Quantum Geometrodynamics
Ita, Eyo Eyo; Yu, Hoi-Lai
Quantum Geometrodynamics with intrinsic time development and momentric variables is presented. An underlying SU(3) group structure at each spatial point regulates the theory. The intrinsic time behavior of the theory is analyzed, together with its ground state and primordial quantum fluctuations. Cotton-York potential dominates at early times when the universe was small; the ground state naturally resolves Penrose's Weyl Curvature Hypothesis, and thermodynamic and gravitational `arrows of time' point in the same direction. Ricci scalar potential corresponding to Einstein's General Relativity emerges as a zero-point energy contribution. A new set of fundamental canonical commutation relations without Planck's constant emerges from the unification of Gravitation and Quantum Mechanics.
Organization of the Poleis of Crete and the Evolution of their Territory from the Archaic to Roman Periods
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kostantinos Tziampasis
Full Text Available Since Homer - who called the island ἑκατόμπολις (Iliad II, 649 - Crete is said to have had a hundred cities. In reality, even if the settlements were numerous, there weren't more than 50-60 contemporary proper cities. Though most of their names have been saved through texts (either inscriptions or literature, not all have yet been located exactly. In fact, there has been an evolution of the political map of Crete. From around 55 cities in Classical times, the number of cities dropped to 27 in the Roman period and then to 22 in the Byzantine period. The paper will focus on Eastern Crete and study the establishment of the city-states and the evolution of their territory from the Archaic to the Roman period (which includes the study of the frontier, when it is possible. We will see that geography is a key element for understanding this evolution along with the archaeological and historical evidence that we have.
Predicting Intrinsic Motivation
Martens, Rob; Kirschner, Paul A.
Intrinsic motivation can be predicted from participants' perceptions of the social environment and the task environment (Ryan & Deci, 2000)in terms of control, relatedness and competence. To determine the degree of independence of these factors 251 students in higher vocational education (physiotherapy and hotel management) indicated the extent to…
Chaos control applied to heart rhythm dynamics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Highlights: → A natural cardiac pacemaker is modeled by a modified Van der Pol oscillator. → Responses related to normal and chaotic, pathological functioning of the heart are investigated. → Chaos control methods are applied to avoid pathological behaviors of heart dynamics. → Different approaches are treated: stabilization of unstable periodic orbits and chaos suppression. - Abstract: The dynamics of cardiovascular rhythms have been widely studied due to the key aspects of the heart in the physiology of living beings. Cardiac rhythms can be either periodic or chaotic, being respectively related to normal and pathological physiological functioning. In this regard, chaos control methods may be useful to promote the stabilization of unstable periodic orbits using small perturbations. In this article, the extended time-delayed feedback control method is applied to a natural cardiac pacemaker described by a mathematical model. The model consists of a modified Van der Pol equation that reproduces the behavior of this pacemaker. Results show the ability of the chaos control strategy to control the system response performing either the stabilization of unstable periodic orbits or the suppression of chaotic response, avoiding behaviors associated with critical cardiac pathologies.
Chaos in schizophrenia associations, reality or metaphor?
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Bob, P.; Šusta, M.; Chládek, Jan; Glaslová, K.; Paluš, Milan
Roč. 73, č. 3 (2009), s. 179-185. ISSN 0167-8760 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20650511; CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : Chaos * Schizophrenia * Associations * Electrodermal activity * Lyapunov exponent Subject RIV: FH - Neurology Impact factor: 3.045, year: 2009
Order, chaos and nuclear dynamics: An introduction
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This is an introductory lecture illustrating by simple examples the anticipated effect on collective nuclear dynamics of a transition from order to chaos in the motions of nucleons inside an idealized nucleus. The destruction of order is paralleled by a transition from a rubber-like to a honey-like behaviour of the independent-particle nuclear model. 10 refs., 6 figs
Chaos theory: A fascinating concept for oncologists
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The oncologist is confronted daily by questions related to the fact that any patient presents a specific evolution for his cancer: he is challenged by very different, unexpected and often unpredictable outcomes, in some of his patients. The mathematical approach used today to describe this evolution has recourse to statistics and probability laws: such an approach does not ultimately apply to one particular patient, but to a given more or less heterogeneous population. This approach therefore poorly characterizes the dynamics of this disease and does not allow to state whether a patient is cured, to predict if he will relapse and when this could occur, and in what form, nor to predict the response to treatment and, in particular, to radiation therapy. Chaos theory, not well known by oncologists, could allow a better understanding of these issues. Developed to investigate complex systems producing behaviours that cannot be predicted due to a great sensitivity to initial conditions, chaos theory is rich of suitable concepts for a new approach of cancer dynamics. This article is three-fold: to provide a brief introduction to chaos theory, to clarify the main connecting points between chaos and carcinogenesis and to point out few promising research perspectives, especially in radiotherapy. (authors)
Chaos in a Bose—Einstein condensate
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
It is demonstrated that Smale-horseshoe chaos exists in the time evolution of the one-dimensional Bose—Einstein condensate driven by time-periodic harmonic or inverted-harmonic potential. A formally exact solution of the time-dependent Gross—Pitaevskii equation is constructed, which describes the matter shock waves with chaotic or periodic amplitudes and phases
The chaos machine: analogue computing rediscovered (1)
Ambaum, Maarten H. P.; Harrison, R. Giles
Analogue computers provide actual rather than virtual representations of model systems. They are powerful and engaging computing machines that are cheap and simple to build. This two-part Retronics article helps you build (and understand!) your own analogue computer to simulate the Lorenz butterfly that's become iconic for Chaos theory.
Chaos in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Wang Zhi-Xia; Ni Zheng-Guo; Cong Fu-Zhong; Liu Xue-Shen; Chen Lei
It is demonstrated that Smale-horseshoe chaos exists in the time evolution of the one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate driven by time-periodic harmonic or inverted-harmonic potential.A formally exact solution of the timedependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation is constructed,which describes the matter shock waves with chaotic or periodic amplitudes and phases.
Chaos and fractals an elementary introduction
Feldman, David P
For students with a background in elementary algebra, this text provides a vivid introduction to the key phenomena and ideas of chaos and fractals, including the butterfly effect, strange attractors, fractal dimensions, Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set, power laws, and cellular automata.
Chaos control applied to heart rhythm dynamics
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Borem Ferreira, Bianca, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.O. Box 68.503, 21.941.972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Souza de Paula, Aline, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Universidade de Brasi' lia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 70.910.900 Brasilia, DF (Brazil); Amorim Savi, Marcelo, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.O. Box 68.503, 21.941.972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)
Highlights: > A natural cardiac pacemaker is modeled by a modified Van der Pol oscillator. > Responses related to normal and chaotic, pathological functioning of the heart are investigated. > Chaos control methods are applied to avoid pathological behaviors of heart dynamics. > Different approaches are treated: stabilization of unstable periodic orbits and chaos suppression. - Abstract: The dynamics of cardiovascular rhythms have been widely studied due to the key aspects of the heart in the physiology of living beings. Cardiac rhythms can be either periodic or chaotic, being respectively related to normal and pathological physiological functioning. In this regard, chaos control methods may be useful to promote the stabilization of unstable periodic orbits using small perturbations. In this article, the extended time-delayed feedback control method is applied to a natural cardiac pacemaker described by a mathematical model. The model consists of a modified Van der Pol equation that reproduces the behavior of this pacemaker. Results show the ability of the chaos control strategy to control the system response performing either the stabilization of unstable periodic orbits or the suppression of chaotic response, avoiding behaviors associated with critical cardiac pathologies.
Chaos and Interactions in Quantum Dots
Alhassid, Y.
Quantum dots are small conducting devices containing up to several thousand electrons. We focus here on closed dots whose single-electron dynamics are mostly chaotic. The mesoscopic fluctuations of the conduction properties of such dots reveal the effects of one-body chaos, quantum coherence and electron-electron interactions.
Chaos synthesis by means of evolutionary algorithms
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Zelinka, I.; Chen, G.; Čelikovský, Sergej
Roč. 18, č. 4 (2008), s. 911-942. ISSN 0218-1274 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA102/08/0186 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Chaos * evolution * synthesis Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory Impact factor: 0.870, year: 2008
Stabilizing the Richardson Algorithm by Controlling Chaos
He, Song
By viewing the operations of the Richardson purification algorithm as a discrete time dynamical process, we propose a method to overcome the instability of the algorithm by controlling chaos. We present theoretical analysis and numerical results on the behavior and performance of the stabilized algorithm.
Chaos: A Very Short Introduction
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This book is a new volume of a series designed to introduce the curious reader to anything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very handy in pocket size, Chaos promises an introduction to fundamental concepts of nonlinear science by using mathematics that is 'no more complicated than X=2. Anyone who ever tried to give a popular science account of research knows that this is a more challenging task than writing an ordinary research article. Lenny Smith brilliantly succeeds to explain in words, in pictures and by using intuitive models the essence of mathematical dynamical systems theory and time series analysis as it applies to the modern world. In a more technical part he introduces the basic terms of nonlinear theory by means of simple mappings. He masterly embeds this analysis into the social, historical and cultural context by using numerous examples, from poems and paintings over chess and rabbits to Olbers' paradox, card games and 'phynance'. Fundamental problems of the modelling of nonlinear systems like the weather, sun spots or golf balls falling through an array of nails are discussed from the point of view of mathematics, physics and statistics by touching upon philosophical issues. At variance with Laplace's demon, Smith's 21st century demon makes 'real world' observations only with limited precision. This poses a severe problem to predictions derived from complex chaotic models, where small variations of initial conditions typically yield totally different outcomes. As Smith argues, this difficulty has direct implications on decision-making in everyday modern life. However, it also asks for an inherently probabilistic theory, which somewhat reminds us of what we are used to in the microworld. There is little to criticise in this nice little book except that some figures are of poor quality thus not really reflecting the beauty of fractals and other wonderful objects in this field. I feel that occasionally the book
Chaos: A Very Short Introduction
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Klages, R [School of Mathematical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS (United Kingdom)
This book is a new volume of a series designed to introduce the curious reader to anything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very handy in pocket size, Chaos promises an introduction to fundamental concepts of nonlinear science by using mathematics that is 'no more complicated than X=2. Anyone who ever tried to give a popular science account of research knows that this is a more challenging task than writing an ordinary research article. Lenny Smith brilliantly succeeds to explain in words, in pictures and by using intuitive models the essence of mathematical dynamical systems theory and time series analysis as it applies to the modern world. In a more technical part he introduces the basic terms of nonlinear theory by means of simple mappings. He masterly embeds this analysis into the social, historical and cultural context by using numerous examples, from poems and paintings over chess and rabbits to Olbers' paradox, card games and 'phynance'. Fundamental problems of the modelling of nonlinear systems like the weather, sun spots or golf balls falling through an array of nails are discussed from the point of view of mathematics, physics and statistics by touching upon philosophical issues. At variance with Laplace's demon, Smith's 21st century demon makes 'real world' observations only with limited precision. This poses a severe problem to predictions derived from complex chaotic models, where small variations of initial conditions typically yield totally different outcomes. As Smith argues, this difficulty has direct implications on decision-making in everyday modern life. However, it also asks for an inherently probabilistic theory, which somewhat reminds us of what we are used to in the microworld. There is little to criticise in this nice little book except that some figures are of poor quality thus not really reflecting the beauty of fractals and other wonderful objects in this
Abdulwahed, Naif B.
This thesis introduces a new chaos-based Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The AES is a well-known encryption algorithm that was standardized by U.S National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) in 2001. The thesis investigates and explores the behavior of the AES algorithm by replacing two of its original modules, namely the S-Box and the Key Schedule, with two other chaos- based modules. Three chaos systems are considered in designing the new modules which are Lorenz system with multiplication nonlinearity, Chen system with sign modules nonlinearity, and 1D multiscroll system with stair case nonlinearity. The three systems are evaluated on their sensitivity to initial conditions and as Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNG) after applying a post-processing technique to their output then performing NIST SP. 800-22 statistical tests. The thesis presents a hardware implementation of dynamic S-Boxes for AES that are populated using the three chaos systems. Moreover, a full MATLAB package to analyze the chaos generated S-Boxes based on graphical analysis, Walsh-Hadamard spectrum analysis, and image encryption analysis is developed. Although these S-Boxes are dynamic, meaning they are regenerated whenever the encryption key is changed, the analysis results show that such S-Boxes exhibit good properties like the Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) and the nonlinearity and in the application of image encryption. Furthermore, the thesis presents a new Lorenz-chaos-based key expansion for the AES. Many researchers have pointed out that there are some defects in the original key expansion of AES and thus have motivated such chaos-based key expansion proposal. The new proposed key schedule is analyzed and assessed in terms of confusion and diffusion by performing the frequency and SAC test respectively. The obtained results show that the new proposed design is more secure than the original AES key schedule and other proposed designs in the literature. The proposed
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We study the chaotic orbital evolution of planetary systems, focusing on secular (i.e., orbit-averaged) interactions, which dominate on long timescales. We first focus on the evolution of a test particle that is forced by multiple planets. To linear order in eccentricity and inclination, its orbit precesses with constant frequencies. But nonlinearities modify the frequencies, and can shift them into and out of resonance with either the planets' eigenfrequencies (forming eccentricity or inclination secular resonances), or with linear combinations of those frequencies (forming mixed high-order secular resonances). The overlap of these nonlinear secular resonances drives secular chaos. We calculate the locations and widths of nonlinear secular resonances, display them together on a newly developed map (the 'map of the mean momenta'), and find good agreement between analytical and numerical results. This map also graphically demonstrates how chaos emerges from overlapping secular resonances. We then apply this newfound understanding to Mercury to elucidate the origin of its orbital chaos. We find that since Mercury's two free precession frequencies (in eccentricity and inclination) lie within ∼25% of two other eigenfrequencies in the solar system (those of the Jupiter-dominated eccentricity mode and the Venus-dominated inclination mode), secular resonances involving these four modes overlap and cause Mercury's chaos. We confirm this with N-body integrations by showing that a slew of these resonant angles alternately librate and circulate. Our new analytical understanding allows us to calculate the criterion for Mercury to become chaotic: Jupiter and Venus must have eccentricity and inclination of a few percent. The timescale for Mercury's chaotic diffusion depends sensitively on the forcing. As it is, Mercury appears to be perched on the threshold for chaos, with an instability timescale comparable to the lifetime of the solar system.
Controlling halo-chaos via wavelet-based feedback
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Geng Zhao
Full Text Available Halo-chaos in high-current accelerator has become one of the key issues because it can cause excessive radioactivity from the accelerators and significantly limits the applications of the new accelerators in industrial and other fields. Some general engineering methods for chaos control have been developed, but they generally are unsuccessful for halo-chaos suppression due to many technical constraints. In this article, controllability condition for beam halo-chaos is analyzed qualitatively. Then Particles-in-Cell (PIC simulations explore the nature of beam halo-chaos formation. A nonlinear control method and wavelet function feedback controller are proposed for controlling beam halo-chaos. After control of beam halo-chaos for initial proton beam with water bag distributions, the beam halo strength factor H is reduced to zero, and other statistical physical quantities of beam halo-chaos are doubly reduced. The results show that the developed methods in this paper are very effective for proton beam halo-chaos suppression. Potential application of the halo-chaos control method is finally pointed out.
Proceedings of the 2nd Experimental Chaos Conference
Ditto, William; Pecora, Lou; Shlesinger, Michael; Spano, Mark; Vohra, Sandeep
The Table of Contents for the full book PDF is as follows: * Introduction * Spatiotemporal Phenomena * Experimental Studies of Chaotic Mixing * Using Random Maps in the Analysis of Experimental Fluid Flows * Transition to Spatiotemporal Chaos in a Reaction-Diffusion System * Ion-Dynamical Chaos in Plasmas * Optics * Chaos in a Synchronously Driven Optical Resonator * Chaos, Patterns and Defects in Stimulated Scattering Phenomena * Test of the Normal Form for a Subcritical Bifurcation * Observation of Bifurcations and Chaos in a Driven Fiber Optic Coil * Applications -- Communications * Robustness and Signal Recovery in a Synchronized Chaotic System * Synchronizing Nonautonomous Chaotic Circuits * Synchronization of Pulse-Coupled Chaotic Oscillators * Ocean Transmission Effects on Chaotic Signals * Controlling Symbolic Dynamics for Communication * Applications -- Control * Analysis of Nonlinear Actuators Using Chaotic Waveforms * Controlling Chaos in a Quasiperiodic Electronic System * Control of Chaos in a CO2 Laser * General Research * Video-Based Analysis of Bifurcation Phenomena in Radio-Frequency-Excited Inert Gas Plasmas * Transition from Soliton to Chaotic Motion During the Impact of a Nonlinear Structure * Sonoluminescence in a Single Bubble: Periodic, Quasiperiodic and Chaotic Light Source * Quantum Chaos Experiments Using Microwave Cavities * Experiments on Quantum Chaos With and Without Time Reversibility * When Small Noise Imposed on Deterministic Dynamics Becomes Important * Biology * Chaos Control for Cardiac Arrhythmias * Irregularities in Spike Trains of Cat Retinal Ganglion Cells * Broad-Band Synchronization in Monkey Neocortex * Applicability of Correlation Dimension Calculations to Blood Pressure Signal in Rats * Tests for Deterministic Chaos in Noisy Time Series * The Crayfish Mechanoreceptor Cell: A Biological Example of Stochastic Resonance * Chemistry * Chaos During Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions * Stabilizing and Tracking Unstable Periodic
Intrinsic Time Quantum Gravity
Yu, Hoi Lai
Correct identification of the true gauge symmetry of General Relativity being 3d spatial diffeomorphism invariant(3dDI) (not the conventional infinite tensor product group with principle fibre bundle structure), together with intrinsic time extracted from clean decomposition of the canonical structure yields a self-consistent theory of quantum gravity. A new set of fundamental commutation relations is also presented. The basic variables are the eight components of the unimodular part of the s...
Wide distribution and altitude correlation of an archaic high-altitude-adaptive EPAS1 haplotype in the Himalayas.
Hackinger, Sophie; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa; Xue, Yali; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Asan; van Driem, George; Jobling, Mark A; de Knijff, Peter; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Ayub, Qasim
High-altitude adaptation in Tibetans is influenced by introgression of a 32.7-kb haplotype from the Denisovans, an extinct branch of archaic humans, lying within the endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1), and has also been reported in Sherpa. We genotyped 19 variants in this genomic region in 1507 Eurasian individuals, including 1188 from Bhutan and Nepal residing at altitudes between 86 and 4550 m above sea level. Derived alleles for five SNPs characterizing the core Denisovan haplotype (AGGAA) were present at high frequency not only in Tibetans and Sherpa, but also among many populations from the Himalayas, showing a significant correlation with altitude (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.75, p value 3.9 × 10(-11)). Seven East- and South-Asian 1000 Genomes Project individuals shared the Denisovan haplotype extending beyond the 32-kb region, enabling us to refine the haplotype structure and identify a candidate regulatory variant (rs370299814) that might be interacting in an additive manner with the derived G allele of rs150877473, the variant previously associated with high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans. Denisovan-derived alleles were also observed at frequencies of 3-14 % in the 1000 Genomes Project African samples. The closest African haplotype is, however, separated from the Asian high-altitude haplotype by 22 mutations whereas only three mutations, including rs150877473, separate the Asians from the Denisovan, consistent with distant shared ancestry for African and Asian haplotypes and Denisovan adaptive introgression. PMID:26883865
The red queen model of recombination hotspots evolution in the light of archaic and modern human genomes.
Lesecque, Yann; Glémin, Sylvain; Lartillot, Nicolas; Mouchiroud, Dominique; Duret, Laurent
Recombination is an essential process in eukaryotes, which increases diversity by disrupting genetic linkage between loci and ensures the proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. In the human genome, recombination events are clustered in hotspots, whose location is determined by the PRDM9 protein. There is evidence that the location of hotspots evolves rapidly, as a consequence of changes in PRDM9 DNA-binding domain. However, the reasons for these changes and the rate at which they occur are not known. In this study, we investigated the evolution of human hotspot loci and of PRDM9 target motifs, both in modern and archaic human lineages (Denisovan) to quantify the dynamic of hotspot turnover during the recent period of human evolution. We show that present-day human hotspots are young: they have been active only during the last 10% of the time since the divergence from chimpanzee, starting to be operating shortly before the split between Denisovans and modern humans. Surprisingly, however, our analyses indicate that Denisovan recombination hotspots did not overlap with modern human ones, despite sharing similar PRDM9 target motifs. We further show that high-affinity PRDM9 target motifs are subject to a strong self-destructive drive, known as biased gene conversion (BGC), which should lead to the loss of the majority of them in the next 3 MYR. This depletion of PRDM9 genomic targets is expected to decrease fitness, and thereby to favor new PRDM9 alleles binding different motifs. Our refined estimates of the age and life expectancy of human hotspots provide empirical evidence in support of the Red Queen hypothesis of recombination hotspots evolution. PMID:25393762
The red queen model of recombination hotspots evolution in the light of archaic and modern human genomes.
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Yann Lesecque
Full Text Available Recombination is an essential process in eukaryotes, which increases diversity by disrupting genetic linkage between loci and ensures the proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. In the human genome, recombination events are clustered in hotspots, whose location is determined by the PRDM9 protein. There is evidence that the location of hotspots evolves rapidly, as a consequence of changes in PRDM9 DNA-binding domain. However, the reasons for these changes and the rate at which they occur are not known. In this study, we investigated the evolution of human hotspot loci and of PRDM9 target motifs, both in modern and archaic human lineages (Denisovan to quantify the dynamic of hotspot turnover during the recent period of human evolution. We show that present-day human hotspots are young: they have been active only during the last 10% of the time since the divergence from chimpanzee, starting to be operating shortly before the split between Denisovans and modern humans. Surprisingly, however, our analyses indicate that Denisovan recombination hotspots did not overlap with modern human ones, despite sharing similar PRDM9 target motifs. We further show that high-affinity PRDM9 target motifs are subject to a strong self-destructive drive, known as biased gene conversion (BGC, which should lead to the loss of the majority of them in the next 3 MYR. This depletion of PRDM9 genomic targets is expected to decrease fitness, and thereby to favor new PRDM9 alleles binding different motifs. Our refined estimates of the age and life expectancy of human hotspots provide empirical evidence in support of the Red Queen hypothesis of recombination hotspots evolution.
Chaos in electric drive systems analysis control and application
Chau, K T
In Chaos in Electric Drive Systems: Analysis, Control and Application authors Chau and Wang systematically introduce an emerging technology of electrical engineering that bridges abstract chaos theory and practical electric drives. The authors consolidate all important information in this interdisciplinary technology, including the fundamental concepts, mathematical modeling, theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and hardware implementation. The book provides comprehensive coverage of chaos in electric drive systems with three main parts: analysis, control and application. Corresponding drive systems range from the simplest to the latest types: DC, induction, synchronous reluctance, switched reluctance, and permanent magnet brushless drives.The first book to comprehensively treat chaos in electric drive systemsReviews chaos in various electrical engineering technologies and drive systemsPresents innovative approaches to stabilize and stimulate chaos in typical drivesDiscusses practical application of cha...
Optomechanically induced stochastic resonance and chaos transfer between optical fields
Monifi, Faraz; Zhang, Jing; Özdemir, Şahin Kaya; Peng, Bo; Liu, Yu-Xi; Bo, Fang; Nori, Franco; Yang, Lan
Chaotic dynamics has been reported in many physical systems and has affected almost every field of science. Chaos involves hypersensitivity to the initial conditions of a system and introduces unpredictability into its output. Thus, it is often unwanted. Interestingly, the very same features make chaos a powerful tool to suppress decoherence, achieve secure communication and replace background noise in stochastic resonance—a counterintuitive concept that a system's ability to transfer information can be coherently amplified by adding noise. Here, we report the first demonstration of chaos-induced stochastic resonance in an optomechanical system, as well as the optomechanically mediated chaos transfer between two optical fields such that they follow the same route to chaos. These results will contribute to the understanding of nonlinear phenomena and chaos in optomechanical systems, and may find applications in the chaotic transfer of information and for improving the detection of otherwise undetectable signals in optomechanical systems.
A novel 2D wavelength-time chaos code in optical CDMA system
Zhang, Qi; Xin, Xiangjun; Wang, Yongjun; Zhang, Lijia; Yu, Chongxiu; Meng, Nan; Wang, Houtian
Two-dimensional wavelength-time chaos code is proposed and constructed for a synchronous optical code division multiple access system. The access performance is compared between one-dimensional chaos code, WDM/chaos code and the proposed code. Comparison shows that two-dimensional wavelength-time chaos code possesses larger capacity, better spectral efficiency and bit-error ratio than WDM/chaos combinations and one-dimensional chaos code.
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Full Text Available Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS results in a predictable constellation of findings: large echogenic lungs flattened or inverted diaphragms, dilated airways distal to the obstruction, and fetal ascites and/or hydrops.1 The finding of CHAOS on prenatal ultrasound examination is diagnostic of complete or near-complete obstruction of the fetal upper airway, most likely caused by laryngeal atresia. A greater understanding of the natural history of CHAOS may permit improved prenatal and perinatal management
Comments on microcausality, chaos, and gravitational observables
Marolf, Donald
Observables in gravitational systems must be non-local so as to be invariant under diffeomorphism gauge transformations. But at the classical level some such observables can nevertheless satisfy an exact form of microcausality. This property is conjectured to remain true at all orders in the semiclassical expansion, though with limitations at finite ℏ or {{\\ell }}{Planck}. We also discuss related issues concerning observables in black hole spacetimes and comment on the senses in which they do and do not experience the form of chaos identified by Shenker and Stanford. In particular, in contrast to the situation in a reflecting cavity, this chaos does not afflict observables naturally associated with Hawking radiation for evaporating black holes.
Comments on Microcausality, Chaos, and Gravitational Observables
Marolf, Donald
Observables in gravitational systems must be non-local so as to be invariant under diffeomorphism gauge transformations. But at the classical level some such observables can nevertheless satisfy an exact form of microcausality. This property is conjectured to remain true at all orders in the semiclassical expansion, though with limitations at finite $\\hbar$ or $\\ell_{Planck}$. We also discuss related issues concerning observables in black hole spacetimes and comment on the senses in which they do and do not experience the form of chaos identified by Shenker and Stanford. In particular, in contrast to the situation in a reflecting cavity, this chaos does not afflict observables naturally associated with Hawking radiation for evaporating black holes.
Chaos synchronization in networks of semiconductor superlattices
Li, Wen; Aviad, Yaara; Reidler, Igor; Song, Helun; Huang, Yuyang; Biermann, Klaus; Rosenbluh, Michael; Zhang, Yaohui; Grahn, Holger T.; Kanter, Ido
Chaos synchronization has been demonstrated as a useful building block for various tasks in secure communications, including a source of all-electronic ultrafast physical random number generators based on room temperature spontaneous chaotic oscillations in a DC-biased weakly coupled GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As semiconductor superlattice (SSL). Here, we experimentally demonstrate the emergence of several types of chaos synchronization, e.g. leader-laggard, face-to-face and zero-lag synchronization in network motifs of coupled SSLs consisting of unidirectional and mutual coupling as well as self-feedback coupling. Each type of synchronization clearly reflects the symmetry of the topology of its network motif. The emergence of a chaotic SSL without external feedback and synchronization among different structured SSLs open up the possibility for advanced secure multi-user communication methods based on large networks of coupled SSLs.
Chaos theory perspective for industry clusters development
Yu, Haiying; Jiang, Minghui; Li, Chengzhang
Industry clusters have outperformed in economic development in most developing countries. The contributions of industrial clusters have been recognized as promotion of regional business and the alleviation of economic and social costs. It is no doubt globalization is rendering clusters in accelerating the competitiveness of economic activities. In accordance, many ideas and concepts involve in illustrating evolution tendency, stimulating the clusters development, meanwhile, avoiding industrial clusters recession. The term chaos theory is introduced to explain inherent relationship of features within industry clusters. A preferred life cycle approach is proposed for industrial cluster recessive theory analysis. Lyapunov exponents and Wolf model are presented for chaotic identification and examination. A case study of Tianjin, China has verified the model effectiveness. The investigations indicate that the approaches outperform in explaining chaos properties in industrial clusters, which demonstrates industrial clusters evolution, solves empirical issues and generates corresponding strategies.
Experimental chaos detection in the Duffing oscillator
Eyebe Fouda, J. S. Armand; Bodo, Bertrand; Djeufa, Guy M. D.; Sabat, Samrat L.
This paper presents a comparative study of four algorithms namely the maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE), 0-1 test, conditional entropy of ordinal patterns (CPE) and recently developed permutation largest slope entropy (PLSE) algorithm for experimental chaos detection in the Duffing oscillator. We consider an electrical model of the Duffing oscillator and its equivalent electronic circuit for generating the data to validate the effectiveness of the algorithms. The performance of the PLSE is compared with the 0-1 test and the CPE algorithms on the data set obtained from the simulated circuit; and with the MLE for the data collected from the experimental circuit. The experimental data are acquired using a digital oscilloscope with 1 MHz sampling frequency. From the comparison of the experimental spectra of the four methods with the analog phase portraits of the real system, it appears that the PLSE is the more reliable algorithm for chaos detection from experimental data.
Experimental Study of the Sampled Labyrinth Chaos
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J. Petrzela
Full Text Available In this paper, some new numerical as well as experimental results connected with the so-called labyrinth chaos are presented. This very unusual chaotic motion can be generated by mathematical model involving the scalar goniometrical functions which makes a three-dimensional autonomous dynamical system strongly nonlinear. Final circuitry implementation with analog core and digital parts can be used for modeling Brownian motion. From the viewpoint of generating chaotic motion by some electronic circuit, first step is to solve problems associated with the two-port nonlinear transfer functions synthesis. In the case of labyrinth chaos the finite dynamical range of the input variables introduced by the used active elements usually limits the performance greatly, similarly as it holds for the multi-grid spiral attractors. This paper shows an elegant way how to remove these obstacles by using uni-versal multiple-port with internal digital signal processing.
Chaos in a Hydraulic Control Valve
Hayashi, S.; Hayase, T.; Kurahashi, T.
In this paper we have studied the instability and chaos occurring in a pilot-type poppet valve circuit. The system consists of a poppet valve, an upstream plenum chamber, a supply pipeline and an orifice inserted between the pelnum and the pipeline. Although the poppet valve rests on the seat stably for a supply pressure lower than the cracking pressure, the circuit becomes unstable for an initial disturbance beyond a critical value and develops a self-excited vibration. In this unstable region, chaotic vibration appears at the period-doubling bifurcation. We have investigated the stability of the circuit and the chaotic phenomenon numerically, and elucidated it by power spectra, a bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent calculations, showing that the phenomenon follows the Feigenbaum route to chaos.Copyright 1997 Academic Press Limited
Buoyancy driven turbulence and distributed chaos
Bershadskii, A
It is shown, using results of recent direct numerical simulations, laboratory experiments and atmospheric measurements, that buoyancy driven turbulence exhibits a broad diversity of the types of distributed chaos with its stretched exponential spectrum $\\exp(-k/k_{\\beta})^{\\beta}$. The distributed chaos with $\\beta = 1/3$ (determined by the helicity correlation integral) is the most common feature of the stably stratified turbulence (due to the strong helical waves presence). These waves mostly dominate spectral properties of the vertical component of velocity field, while the horizontal component is dominated by the diffusive processes both for the weak and strong stable stratification ($\\beta =2/3$). For the last case influence of the low boundary can overcome the wave effects and result in $\\beta =1/2$ for the vertical component of the velocity field (the spontaneous breaking of the space translational symmetry - homogeneity). For the unstably stratified turbulence in the Rayleigh-Taylor mixing zone the di...
Chaos in hydrodynamic BL Herculis models
Smolec, R
We present non-linear, convective, BL Her-type hydrodynamic models that show complex variability characteristic for deterministic chaos. The bifurcation diagram reveals a rich structure, with many phenomena detected for the first time in hydrodynamic models of pulsating stars. The phenomena include not only period doubling cascades en route to chaos (detected in earlier studies) but also periodic windows within chaotic band, type-I and type-III intermittent behaviour, interior crisis bifurcation and others. Such phenomena are known in many textbook chaotic systems, from the simplest discrete logistic map, to more complex systems like Lorenz equations. We discuss the physical relevance of our models. Although except of period doubling such phenomena were not detected in any BL Her star, chaotic variability was claimed in several higher luminosity siblings of BL Her stars - RV Tau variables, and also in longer-period, luminous irregular pulsators. Our models may help to understand these poorly studied stars. Pa...
An exploration of dynamical systems and chaos
Argyris, John H; Haase, Maria; Friedrich, Rudolf
This book is conceived as a comprehensive and detailed text-book on non-linear dynamical systems with particular emphasis on the exploration of chaotic phenomena. The self-contained introductory presentation is addressed both to those who wish to study the physics of chaotic systems and non-linear dynamics intensively as well as those who are curious to learn more about the fascinating world of chaotic phenomena. Basic concepts like Poincaré section, iterated mappings, Hamiltonian chaos and KAM theory, strange attractors, fractal dimensions, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation theory, self-similarity and renormalisation and transitions to chaos are thoroughly explained. To facilitate comprehension, mathematical concepts and tools are introduced in short sub-sections. The text is supported by numerous computer experiments and a multitude of graphical illustrations and colour plates emphasising the geometrical and topological characteristics of the underlying dynamics. This volume is a completely revised and enlar...
Chaos A Program Collection for the PC
Korsch, Hans Jürgen; Hartmann, Timo
This new edition strives yet again to provide readers with a working knowledge of chaos theory and dynamical systems through parallel introductory explanations in the book and interaction with carefully-selected programs supplied on the accompanying diskette. The programs enable readers, especially advanced-undergraduate students in physics, engineering, and math, to tackle relevant physical systems quickly on their PCs, without distraction from algorithmic details. For the third edition of Chaos: A Program Collection for the PC, each of the previous twelve programs is polished and rewritten in C++ (both Windows and Linux versions are included). A new program treats kicked systems, an important class of two-dimensional problems, which is introduced in Chapter 13. Each chapter follows the structure: theoretical background; numerical techniques; interaction with the program; computer experiments; real experiments and empirical evidence; reference. Interacting with the many numerical experiments have proven to h...
Nonlinear physics: Catastrophe, chaos and complexity
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Currently in the world of physics, there is open debate on the role of the three C's - catastrophe, chaos and complexity. Seen as new ideas or paradigms, incapable of being harmonized within the realm of traditional physics, these terms seem to be creating turmoil in the classical physics establishment whose foundations date back to the early seventeenth century. This paper first defines catastrophe, chaos and complexity and shows how these terms are all connected to nonlinear dynamics and how they have long since been present within scientific treatises. It also evidences the relationship of the three C's with the concept of organization, inappropriately called self-organization, and with recognition and decisional strategies of cognitive systems. Relevant to natural science, the development of these considerations is necessitating the re-examination of the role and capabilities of human knowledge and a return to inter-disciplinary scientific-philosophical debate
Nonlinear Dynamics In Quantum Physics -- Quantum Chaos and Quantum Instantons
Kröger, H.
We discuss the recently proposed quantum action - its interpretation, its motivation, its mathematical properties and its use in physics: quantum mechanical tunneling, quantum instantons and quantum chaos.
Frozen spatial chaos induced by boundaries
Eguiluz, V M; Piro, O; Balle, S; Eguiluz, Victor M.; Hernandez-Garcia, Emilio; Piro, Oreste; Balle, Salvador
We show that rather simple but non-trivial boundary conditions could induce the appearance of spatial chaos (that is stationary, stable, but spatially disordered configurations) in extended dynamical systems with very simple dynamics. We exemplify the phenomenon with a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation in a two-dimensional undulated domain. Concepts from the theory of dynamical systems, and a transverse-single-mode approximation are used to describe the spatially chaotic structures.
Complex motions and chaos in nonlinear systems
Machado, José; Zhang, Jiazhong
This book brings together 10 chapters on a new stream of research examining complex phenomena in nonlinear systems—including engineering, physics, and social science. Complex Motions and Chaos in Nonlinear Systems provides readers a particular vantage of the nature and nonlinear phenomena in nonlinear dynamics that can develop the corresponding mathematical theory and apply nonlinear design to practical engineering as well as the study of other complex phenomena including those investigated within social science.
Topological Chaos in Spatially Periodic Mixers
Finn, Matthew D.; Thiffeault, Jean-Luc; Gouillart, Emmanuelle
Topologically chaotic fluid advection is examined in two-dimensional flows with either or both directions spatially periodic. Topological chaos is created by driving flow with moving stirrers whose trajectories are chosen to form various braids. For spatially periodic flows, in addition to the usual stirrer-exchange braiding motions, there are additional topologically-nontrivial motions corresponding to stirrers traversing the periodic directions. This leads to a study of the braid group on t...
Les ordinateurs quantiques affrontent le chaos
Georgeot, Bertrand; Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Quantum computers facing chaos. Quantum parallelism allows to perform computation in a radically new manner. A quantum computer based on these new principles may resolve certain problems exponentially faster than a classical computer. We discuss how quantum computers can simulate complex dynamics, in particularly the dynamics of chaotic systems, where the errors of classical computation grow exponentially fast. ----- Le parallelisme autorise par la mecanique quantique permet d'effectuer des c...
Delayed Self-Synchronization in Homoclinic Chaos
Arecchi, F. T.; Meucci, R.; E. Allaria; Di Garbo, A.; Tsimring, L. S.
The chaotic spike train of a homoclinic dynamical system is self-synchronized by re-inserting a small fraction of the delayed output. Due to the sensitive nature of the homoclinic chaos to external perturbations, stabilization of very long periodic orbits is possible. On these orbits, the dynamics appears chaotic over a finite time, but then it repeats with a recurrence time that is slightly longer than the delay time. The effect, called delayed self-synchronization (DSS), displays analogies ...
Gravity Waves, Chaos, and Spinning Compact Binaries
Levin, Janna
Spinning compact binaries are shown to be chaotic in the Post-Newtonian expansion of the two body system. Chaos by definition is the extreme sensitivity to initial conditions and a consequent inability to predict the outcome of the evolution. As a result, the spinning pair will have unpredictable gravitational waveforms during coalescence. This poses a challenge to future gravity wave observatories which rely on a match between the data and a theoretical template.
Chaos Theory for Evolutionary Algorithms Researchers
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Čelikovský, Sergej; Zelinka, I.
Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 2010 - (Zelinka, I.; Čelikovský, S.; Richter, H.; Chen, G.), s. 89-143 ISBN 978-3-642-10706-1. - (Studies in Computational Intelligence. 267) R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA102/08/0186 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Complex Systems * Computational Intelligence * Deterministic Chaos * Evolutionary Computation Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2010/TR/celikovsky-0340153.pdf
Signatures of homoclinic motion in quantum chaos
Wisniacki, D. A.; Vergini, E.; Benito, R. M.; Borondo, F.
Homoclinic motion plays a key role in the organization of classical chaos in Hamiltonian systems. In this Letter, we show that it also imprints a clear signature in the corresponding quantum spectra. By numerically studying the fluctuations of the widths of wavefunctions localized along periodic orbits we reveal the existence of an oscillatory behavior, that is explained solely in terms of the primary homoclinic motion. Furthermore, our results indicate that it survives the semiclassical limit.
Quantum chaos in small quantum networks
Kim, I; Kim, Ilki; Mahler, Guenter
We study a 2-spin quantum Turing architecture, in which discrete local rotations \\alpha_m of the Turing head spin alternate with quantum controlled NOT-operations. We show that a single chaotic parameter input \\alpha_m leads to a chaotic dynamics in the entire Hilbert space. The instability of periodic orbits on the Turing head and `chaos swapping' onto the Turing tape are demonstrated explicitly as well as exponential parameter sensitivity of the Bures metric.
Coherence and chaos in extended dynamical systems
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Coherence, chaos, and pattern formation are characteristic elements of the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics controlling mesoscopic order and disorder in many-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamical systems. Competing length scales and/or time scales are the underlying microscopic driving forces for many of these aspects of ''complexity.'' We illustrate the basic concepts with some model examples of classical and quantum, ordered and disordered, nonlinear systems
Generic Superweak Chaos Induced by Hall Effect
Ben-Harush, Moti; Dana, Itzhack
We introduce and study the "kicked Hall system" (KHS), i.e., charged particles periodically kicked in the presence of uniform magnetic ($\\mathbf{B}$) and electric ($\\mathbf{E}$) fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the kicking direction. We show that for resonant values of $B$ and $E$ and in the weak-chaos regime of sufficiently small nonintegrability parameter $\\kappa$ (the kicking strength), there exists a \\emph{generic} family of periodic kicking potentials for which the Hall...
Classical and Quantum Chaos in Atom Optics
Saif, Farhan
The interaction of an atom with an electromagnetic field is discussed in the presence of a time periodic external modulating force. It is explained that a control on atom by electromagnetic fields helps to design the quantum analog of classical optical systems. In these atom optical systems chaos may appear at the onset of external fields. The classical and quantum chaotic dynamics is discussed, in particular in an atom optics Fermi accelerator. It is found that the quantum dynamics exhibits ...
Information-theoretic characterization of quantum chaos
Schack, R
Hypersensitivity to perturbation is a criterion for chaos based on the question of how much information about a perturbing environment is needed to keep the entropy of a Hamiltonian system from increasing. We demonstrate numerically that hypersensitivity to perturbation is present in the following quantum maps: the quantum kicked top, the quantum baker's map, the quantum lazy baker's map, and the quantum sawtooth and cat maps.
Modulational instability and spatiotemporal transition to chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The one-dimensional generalized modified complex Ginzburg-Landau equation [Malomed BA, Stenflo L. J Phys A: Math Gen 1991;24:L1149] is considered. The linear stability analysis is used in order to derive the conditions for modulational instability. We obtained the generalized Lange and Newell's criterion for modulational instability. Numerical simulation shows the validity of the analytical approach. The model presents a rich variety of patterns propagating in the system and a spatiotemporal transition to chaos
Li-Yorke chaos in linear dynamics
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Bernardes Jr., N.C.; Bonilla, A.; Müller, Vladimír; Peris, A.
Roč. 35, č. 6 (2015), s. 1723-1745. ISSN 0143-3857 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA201/09/0473; GA AV ČR IAA100190903 Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : Li-York chaos * Banach space * Fréchet space Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.778, year: 2014 http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9884748&fileId=S0143385714000200
Dynamics and chaos control of gyrostat satellite
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Highlights: ► Free dual-spin gyrostat with a small rotor asymmetry is considered. ► Equations in Andoyer-Deprit canonical dimensionless variables are obtained. ► Phase space heteroclinic and homoclinic trajectories are written in closed form. ► Modified Melnikov function is used to construct the control that eliminates chaos. - Abstract: We consider the chaotic motion of the free gyrostat consisting of a platform with a triaxial inertia ellipsoid and a rotor with a small asymmetry with respect to the axis of rotation. Dimensionless equations of motion of the system with perturbations caused by small asymmetries of the rotor are written in Andoyer-Deprit variables. These perturbations lead to separatrix chaos. For gyrostats with different ratios of moments of inertia heteroclinic and homoclinic trajectories are written in closed-form. These trajectories are used for constructing modified Melnikov function, which is used for determine the control that eliminates separatrix chaos. Melnikov function and phase space trajectory are built to show the effectiveness of the control.
Quantum chaos in open quantum dot arrays
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Full text: The discovery of chaos in macro-scale physical systems led to the emergence of a new understanding of laws in nature. Chaos should not exist at all in quantum systems - as laws of quantum mechanics actually forbid it. We will show in this work the footprints of quantum chaos in the dynamics of electron transport by studying ballistic open quantum dot arrays. We will apply quantum mechanical calculations and classical calculations in order to explain the low field magneto-transport through open quantum dots. To characterize the quantum/classical correspondence in this system and to understand the transport, it is necessary to invoke dynamical tunneling, a quantum-mechanical mechanism which allows tunneling of electrons between chaotic and regular regions in the phase space, a process which is classically forbidden. The relevant conclusions regarding dynamical tunneling are drawn by using Husimi representations. By comparing the classical trajectories with the electron probability density high accordance is achieved. The Husimi plots are used to visualize the wave function distribution in the vx-x-plane of the Poincare section. We show in the Husimi plots that the wave function has weight on the regular and chaotic regions alike. This represents a distribution in the phase space that cannot be generated by classical dynamics and supports the interpretation including dynamical tunneling. (author)
Stable chaos in fluctuation driven neural circuits
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Highlights: • Nonlinear instabilities in fluctuation driven (balanced) neural circuits are studied. • Balanced networks display chaos and stable phases at different post-synaptic widths. • Linear instabilities coexists with nonlinear ones in the chaotic regime. • Erratic motion appears also in linearly stable phase due to stable chaos. - Abstract: We study the dynamical stability of pulse coupled networks of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons against infinitesimal and finite perturbations. In particular, we compare mean versus fluctuations driven networks, the former (latter) is realized by considering purely excitatory (inhibitory) sparse neural circuits. In the excitatory case the instabilities of the system can be completely captured by an usual linear stability (Lyapunov) analysis, whereas the inhibitory networks can display the coexistence of linear and nonlinear instabilities. The nonlinear effects are associated to finite amplitude instabilities, which have been characterized in terms of suitable indicators. For inhibitory coupling one observes a transition from chaotic to non chaotic dynamics by decreasing the pulse-width. For sufficiently fast synapses the system, despite showing an erratic evolution, is linearly stable, thus representing a prototypical example of stable chaos
The chaos and order in nuclear molecular dynamics; Chaos i porzadek w jadrowej dynamice molekularnej
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Srokowski, T. [Institute of Nuclear Physics, Cracow (Poland)
The subject of the presented report is role of chaos in scattering processes in the frame of molecular dynamics. In this model, it is assumed that scattering particles (nuclei) consist of not-interacted components as alpha particles or {sup 12}C, {sup 16}O and {sup 20}Ne clusters. The results show such effects as dynamical in stabilities and fractal structure as well as compound nuclei decay and heavy-ion fusion. The goal of the report is to make the reader more familiar with the chaos model and its application to nuclear phenomena. 157 refs, 40 figs.
Application of Chaos Theory to Psychological Models
Blackerby, Rae Fortunato
This dissertation shows that an alternative theoretical approach from physics--chaos theory--offers a viable basis for improved understanding of human beings and their behavior. Chaos theory provides achievable frameworks for potential identification, assessment, and adjustment of human behavior patterns. Most current psychological models fail to address the metaphysical conditions inherent in the human system, thus bringing deep errors to psychological practice and empirical research. Freudian, Jungian and behavioristic perspectives are inadequate psychological models because they assume, either implicitly or explicitly, that the human psychological system is a closed, linear system. On the other hand, Adlerian models that require open systems are likely to be empirically tenable. Logically, models will hold only if the model's assumptions hold. The innovative application of chaotic dynamics to psychological behavior is a promising theoretical development because the application asserts that human systems are open, nonlinear and self-organizing. Chaotic dynamics use nonlinear mathematical relationships among factors that influence human systems. This dissertation explores these mathematical relationships in the context of a sample model of moral behavior using simulated data. Mathematical equations with nonlinear feedback loops describe chaotic systems. Feedback loops govern the equations' value in subsequent calculation iterations. For example, changes in moral behavior are affected by an individual's own self-centeredness, family and community influences, and previous moral behavior choices that feed back to influence future choices. When applying these factors to the chaos equations, the model behaves like other chaotic systems. For example, changes in moral behavior fluctuate in regular patterns, as determined by the values of the individual, family and community factors. In some cases, these fluctuations converge to one value; in other cases, they diverge in
Intrinsic Time Quantum Gravity
Yu, Hoi Lai
Correct identification of the true gauge symmetry of General Relativity being 3d spatial diffeomorphism invariant(3dDI) (not the conventional infinite tensor product group with principle fibre bundle structure), together with intrinsic time extracted from clean decomposition of the canonical structure yields a self-consistent theory of quantum gravity. A new set of fundamental commutation relations is also presented. The basic variables are the eight components of the unimodular part of the spatial dreibein and eight SU(3) generators which correspond to Klauder's momentric variables that characterize a free theory of quantum gravity. The commutation relations are not canonical, but have well defined group theoretical meanings. All fundamental entities are dimensionless; and the quantum wave functionals are preferentially in the dreibein representation. The successful quantum theory of gravity involves only broad spectrum of knowledge and deep insights but no exotic idea.
Intrinsic anion oxidation potentials.
Johansson, Patrik
Anions of lithium battery salts have been investigated by electronic structure calculations with the objective to find a computational measure to correlate with the observed (in)stability of nonaqueous lithium battery electrolytes vs oxidation often encountered in practice. Accurate prediction of intrinsic anion oxidation potentials is here made possible by computing the vertical free energy difference between anion and neutral radical (Delta Gv) and further strengthened by an empirical correction using only the anion volume as a parameter. The 6-311+G(2df,p) basis set, the VSXC functional, and the C-PCM SCRF algorithm were used. The Delta Gv calculations can be performed using any standard computational chemistry software. PMID:17078600
Controlling Beam Halo-Chaos via Time-Delayed Feedback
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
FANG Jin-Qing; WENG Jia-Qiang; ZHU Lun-Wu; LUO Xiao-Shu
The study of controlling high-current proton beam halo-chaos has become a key concerned issue for many important applications. In this paper, time-delayed feedback control method is proposed for beam halo-chaos. Particle in cell simulation results show that the method is very effective and has some advantages for high-current beam experiments and engineering.
Toward a definition of chaos for general relativity
Witt, Donald; Schleich, Kristin
General relativity exhibits a unique feature not represented in standard examples of chaotic systems; it is a spacetime diffeomorphism invariant theory. Thus many characterizations of chaos do not work. It is therefore necessary to develop a definition of chaos suitable for application to general relativity. This presentation will present results towards this goal.
Using a quantum computer to investigate quantum chaos
Schack, Ruediger
We show that the quantum baker's map, a prototypical map invented for theoretical studies of quantum chaos, has a very simple realization in terms of quantum gates. Chaos in the quantum baker's map could be investigated experimentally on a quantum computer based on only 3 qubits.
Research on a family of n-scroll chaos generators
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper studies a family of n-scroll chaos generators using a modified Chua's circuit. A mathematic model of the generators is established, the relationship between equilibrium points and scrolls is also analyzed, and a general theorem for generation of n-scroll chaos attractors is given. Numerical simulation is illustrated, showing excellent agreement with our theoretical predictions
Master Teachers: Making a Difference on the Edge of Chaos
Chapin, Dexter
The No Child Left Behind legislation, by legitimizing a stark, one-size-fits-all, industrial model of education, has denied the inherent complexity and richness of what teachers do. Discussing teaching in terms of Chaos Theory, Chapin explains that while excellent teaching may occur at the edge of chaos, it is not chaotic. There are patterns…
Chaos: A Topic for Interdisciplinary Education in Physics
Bae, Saebyok
Since society and science need interdisciplinary works, the interesting topic of chaos is chosen for interdisciplinary education in physics. The educational programme contains various university-level activities such as computer simulations, chaos experiment and team projects besides ordinary teaching. According to the participants, the programme…
The "Chaos" Pattern in Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development.
Lindsay, Jean S.
Piaget's theory of the cognitive development of the child is related to the recently developed non-linear "chaos" model. The term "chaos" refers to the tendency of dynamical, non-linear systems toward irregular, sometimes unpredictable, deterministic behavior. Piaget identified this same pattern in his model of cognitive development in children.…
Major open problems in chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics
Li, Y Charles
Nowadays, chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics lack research focuses. Here we mention a few major open problems: 1. an effective description of chaos and turbulence, 2. rough dependence on initial data, 3. arrow of time, 4. the paradox of enrichment, 5. the paradox of pesticides, 6. the paradox of plankton.
Nonlinear Resonance Leading to Beam Halo-chaos-complexity
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
In this paper,nonlinear resonances of the particle-core taken placed in a space-charge dominatedbeam are suited. Overlapping resonance leads to chaos and halo formation. That is one of most importantphysical mechanisms. Duo to beam halo-chaos is essentially a spatiotemporal chaotic motion, Such beam
Torus Destruction and Chaos-Chaos Intermittency in a Commodity Distribution Chain
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sosnovtseva, O.; Mosekilde, Erik
The destruction of two-dimensional tori T2 and the transitions to chaos are studied in a high-dimensional model describing the decision-making behavior of human subjects in a simulated managerial environment (the beer production-distribution model). Two different routes from quasiperiodicity to c...
External-beam PIXE analysis of Chinese archaic jades and jade minerals%玉石及中国古代玉器的PIXE分析
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张朱武; 承焕生; 干福熹
本文用外束PIXE技术分析了中国古代玉器和玉石的主量、微量元素的种类和含量.实验结果表明,外束PIXE技术在判定古代玉器的玉料来源和区别不同产地玉石方面具有广阔的应用前景.%External-beam proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a high-sensitive, non-destructive and multi-element quantitative analysis method, which can be used to analyze the variety and content of major and trace elements of Chinese archaic jades and jade mineral samples. In this paper, the analysis results of the variety and content of major and trace elements of several Chinese archaic jades and jade mineral samples are presented, which are shown that the external-beam PIXE can be a useful tool for identifying the geological formation of jade minerals and source of Chinese artifacts.
古韵歌月元三部关系研究述评%A Review of the Collocation of the Archaic Rhyme Ge, Yue and Yuan
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
在上古音研究中,古音学家对阴声韵歌部,或祭部,或至部,与入声韵月部,阳声韵元部的搭配上一直存在不同的见解。本文将对各古音学家有关歌月元部的观点进行梳理,从古音学家在阴阳对转、考古与审音以及上古声调等方面入手,探析各古音学家歌月元部的成因。%In the study of archaic Chinese phonology, phonologists have different opinions about the colloca- tion of the Yin rhyme Ge, or Gi, or Zhi with the Ru rhyme Yue and the Yang rhyme Yuan. This paper sums up these opinions in order to probe into the causes of their formation in Ge, Yue and Yuan from the aspects of Yin and Yang displacement, archaeology, sound identification and archaic intonation, etc.
A new species of the archaic primate Zanycteris from the late Paleocene of western Colorado and the phylogenetic position of the family Picrodontidae
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Benjamin John Burger
Full Text Available A new species of an archaic primate (Pleisadapiformes is described based on a maxilla containing the first and second upper molars from the Fort Union Formation, Atwell Gulch Member in northwestern Colorado. The preserved teeth show the unusual dental characteristics of members of the rare and poorly documented Picrodontidae family, including an elongated centrocrista and wide occlusal surface. The new species is placed within the genus Zanycteris (represented by a single specimen from southern Colorado. This placement is based on similarities in regard to the parastyle, curvilinear centrocrista, and wider anterior stylar shelf on the upper molars. However, the new species differs from the only known species of Zanycteris in exhibiting an upper first molar that is 30% larger in area, while retaining a similarly sized upper second molar. Phylogenetic analysis supports the separation of the Picrodontidae family from the Paromomyidae, while still recognizing picrodontids position within Pleisadapiformes. The unusual dental features of the upper molars likely functioned in life as an enhanced shearing surface between the centrocrista and cristid obliqua crests for a specialized diet of fruit. A similar arrangement is found in the living bat Ariteus (Jamaican fig-eating bat, which feeds on fleshy fruit. The new species showcases the rapid diversification of archaic primates shortly after the extinction of the dinosaurs during the Paleocene, and the unusual dental anatomy of picrodontids to exploit new dietary specializations.
A new species of the archaic primate Zanycteris from the late Paleocene of western Colorado and the phylogenetic position of the family Picrodontidae.
Burger, Benjamin John
A new species of an archaic primate (Pleisadapiformes) is described based on a maxilla containing the first and second upper molars from the Fort Union Formation, Atwell Gulch Member in northwestern Colorado. The preserved teeth show the unusual dental characteristics of members of the rare and poorly documented Picrodontidae family, including an elongated centrocrista and wide occlusal surface. The new species is placed within the genus Zanycteris (represented by a single specimen from southern Colorado). This placement is based on similarities in regard to the parastyle, curvilinear centrocrista, and wider anterior stylar shelf on the upper molars. However, the new species differs from the only known species of Zanycteris in exhibiting an upper first molar that is 30% larger in area, while retaining a similarly sized upper second molar. Phylogenetic analysis supports the separation of the Picrodontidae family from the Paromomyidae, while still recognizing picrodontids position within Pleisadapiformes. The unusual dental features of the upper molars likely functioned in life as an enhanced shearing surface between the centrocrista and cristid obliqua crests for a specialized diet of fruit. A similar arrangement is found in the living bat Ariteus (Jamaican fig-eating bat), which feeds on fleshy fruit. The new species showcases the rapid diversification of archaic primates shortly after the extinction of the dinosaurs during the Paleocene, and the unusual dental anatomy of picrodontids to exploit new dietary specializations. PMID:24255808
Quantitative and qualitative Kac's chaos on the Boltzmann's sphere
Carrapatoso, Kleber
We investigate the construction of chaotic probability measures on the Boltzmann's sphere, which is the state space of the stochastic process of a many-particle system undergoing a dynamics preserving energy and momentum. Firstly, based on a version of the local Central Limit Theorem (or Berry-Essenn theorem), we construct a sequence of probabilities that is Kac chaotic and we prove a quantitative rate of convergence. Then, we investigate a stronger notion of chaos, namely entropic chaos introduced in \\cite{CCLLV}, and we prove, with quantitative rate, that this same sequence is also entropically chaotic. Furthermore, we investigate more general class of probability measures on the Boltzmann's sphere. Using the HWI inequality we prove that a Kac chaotic probability with bounded Fisher's information is entropically chaotic and we give a quantitative rate. We also link different notions of chaos, proving that Fisher's information chaos, introduced in \\cite{HaurayMischler}, is stronger than entropic chaos, which...
A new approach for realizing electronic chaos generators
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A dictionary definition of chaos is a 'formless primordial matter, utter confusion' [1]. The study of chaos is part of a larger program of study of so-called strongly nonlinear systems. No strict definition of chaos yet exists, however, nonrandom complicated motions that exhibit a very rapid growth of errors and that, despite perfect determinism, inhibit any ability to render accurate long-term prediction are usually termed chaotic. In other words, chaos may be referred to as deterministic randomness since it is the phenomenon where deterministic laws, are sometimes extremely simple, show random (or random-like) behaviours while random (or random-like) motions happen to follow strict deterministic laws. The sense of order in chaos can be usually observed in the space of dimensions where time is not a dimension, while the sense of randomness is usually evident when time is incorporated. 10 refs., 29 figs
Dynamical chaos in chip-scale optomechanical oscillators
Wu, Jiagui; Huang, Yongjun; Zhou, Hao; Yang, Jinghui; Liu, Jia-Ming; Yu, Mingbin; Lo, Guoqiang; Kwong, Dim-Lee; Xia, Guangqiong; Wong, Chee Wei
Chaos has revolutionized the field of nonlinear science and stimulated foundational studies from neural networks, extreme event statistics, to physics of electron transport. Recent studies in cavity optomechanics provide a new platform to uncover quintessential architectures of chaos generation and the underlying physics. Here we report the first generation of dynamical chaos in silicon optomechanical oscillators, enabled by the strong and coupled nonlinearities of Drude electron-hole plasma. Deterministic chaotic oscillation is achieved, and statistical and entropic characterization quantifies the complexity of chaos. The correlation dimension D2 is determined at ~ 1.67 for the chaotic attractor, along with a maximal Lyapunov exponent rate about 2.94*the fundamental optomechanical oscillation. The corresponding nonlinear dynamical maps demonstrate the plethora of subharmonics, bifurcations, and stable regimes, along with distinct transitional routes into chaotic states. The chaos generation in our mesoscopic...
Replication of chaos in neural networks, economics and physics
Akhmet, Marat
This book presents detailed descriptions of chaos for continuous-time systems. It is the first-ever book to consider chaos as an input for differential and hybrid equations. Chaotic sets and chaotic functions are used as inputs for systems with attractors: equilibrium points, cycles and tori. The findings strongly suggest that chaos theory can proceed from the theory of differential equations to a higher level than previously thought. The approach selected is conducive to the in-depth analysis of different types of chaos. The appearance of deterministic chaos in neural networks, economics and mechanical systems is discussed theoretically and supported by simulations. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for mathematicians, physicists, engineers and economists studying nonlinear chaotic dynamics.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mehran Azarian
Full Text Available Purpose: Nowadays, scientists consider the world as a combination of some systems that work in a self -organizing way and the result of such a way is unpredictable and accidential states. Compulsory Natural rules are affective in such circumstances. Also it is known that systems work in a circular form in which order ends in disorder and vice versa. The idea of world as something simple has already replaced by a complicated and contradictory world. The study aim is to survey chaordic organizations characters of sport organizations. Materials and methods : For this purpose we used a standard questionnaire with appropriate reliability and validity. The statistical population of the study are whole staff of sport and youth head-quarter of west Azarbaijan province that are 89 (sample number is equal to the population's. We used Kolmogrov- Smirnov test to study data normal distribution, and in respect of normal distribution of data to test hypothesis we used sample t test and also descriptive statistical methods like mean and standard deviation, through SPSS 18. Questionnaires were filled out by whole staff of sport and youth head-quarters of west Azarbaijan province. Results: Results of this study, which have got through a single-sample t-test, show that sport organizations have six characteristics of welcoming to innovation, coherence, uncertainty, non-linearity, unpredictability, and ugly structure. It's just the grade of the characteristic of recruiting competent staffs that is low in sport organizations; in fact they don't enjoy it. But, within assessing the main hypothesis of the research that was around the feature of chaos-order, it was resulted that sport organizations have characteristics of a chaos-order organization and they can be considered as a chaos-order organization. Conclusions: According to the results of this study and t-table we can deduce that sport organizations are chaordic organization.
Chaos in closed FRW: an imaginary approach
Jorás, S E
In this work we study the existence of mechanisms of transition to global chaos in a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with a massive conformally coupled scalar field. We propose a complexification of the radius of the universe so that the global dynamics can be understood. We show numerically the existence of heteroclinic connections of the unstable and stable manifolds to periodic orbits associated to the saddle-center equilibrium points. We find two bifurcations which are crucial in creating non-collapsing universes both in the real and imaginary version of the models. The techniques presented here can be employed in any cosmological model.
Feigenbaum graphs at the onset of chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We analyze the properties of networks obtained from the trajectories of unimodal maps at the transition to chaos via the horizontal visibility (HV) algorithm. We find that the network degrees fluctuate at all scales with amplitude that increases as the size of the network grows, and can be described by a spectrum of graph-theoretical generalized Lyapunov exponents. We further define an entropy growth rate that describes the amount of information created along paths in network space, and find that such entropy growth rate coincides with the spectrum of generalized graph-theoretical exponents, constituting a set of Pesin-like identities for the network.
Integrability and chaos: the classical uncertainty
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In recent years there has been a considerable increase in the publishing of textbooks and monographs covering what was formerly known as random or irregular deterministic motion, now referred to as deterministic chaos. There is still substantial interest in a matter that is included in many graduate and even undergraduate courses on classical mechanics. Based on the Hamiltonian formalism, the main objective of this paper is to provide, from the physicist's point of view, an overall and intuitive review of this broad subject (with some emphasis on the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem and the stability of planetary motions) which may be useful to both students and instructors.
Delayed self-synchronization in homoclinic chaos
Arecchi, F. T.; Meucci, R.; Allaria, E.; di Garbo, A.; Tsimring, L. S.
The chaotic spike train of a homoclinic dynamical system is self-synchronized by applying a time-delayed correction proportional to the laser output intensity. Due to the sensitive nature of the homoclinic chaos to external perturbations, stabilization of very long-periodic orbits is possible. On these orbits, the dynamics appears chaotic over a finite time, but then it repeats with a recurrence time that is slightly longer than the delay time. The effect, called delayed self-synchronization, displays analogies with neurodynamic events that occur in the buildup of long-term memories.
Quantum chaos and nuclear mass systematics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The presence of quantum chaos in nuclear mass systematics is analyzed by considering the differences between measured and calculated nuclear masses as a time series described by the power law 1fα. While for the liquid droplet model plus shell corrections a quantum chaotic behavior α∼1 is found, errors in the microscopic mass formula have α∼0.5, closer to white noise. The chaotic behavior seems to arise from many body effects not included in the mass formula
Cryptography with chaos at the physical level
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this work, we devise a chaos-based secret key cryptography scheme for digital communication where the encryption is realized at the physical level, that is, the encrypting transformations are applied to the wave signal instead to the symbolic sequence. The encryption process consists of transformations applied to a two-dimensional signal composed of the message carrying signal and an encrypting signal that has to be a chaotic one. The secret key, in this case, is related to the number of times the transformations are applied. Furthermore, we show that due to its chaotic nature, the encrypting signal is able to hide the statistics of the original signal
Asano, Yuhma; Kawai, Daisuke; Yoshida, Kentaroh
We study classical chaotic motions in the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase (BMN) matrix model. For this purpose, it is convenient to focus upon a reduced system composed of two-coupled anharmonic oscillators by supposing an ansatz. We examine three ansätze: 1) two pulsating fuzzy spheres, 2) a single Coulomb-type potential, and 3) integrable fuzzy spheres. For the first two cases, we show the existence of chaos by computing Poincaré sections and a Lyapunov spectrum. The third case leads to an integrable system. As a result, the BMN matrix model is not integrable in the sense of Liouville, though there may be some integrable subsectors.
Asano, Yuhma; Yoshida, Kentaroh
We study classical chaotic motions in the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase (BMN) matrix model. For this purpose, it is convenient to focus upon a reduced system composed of two-coupled anharmonic oscillators by supposing an ansatz. We examine three ans\\"atze: 1) two pulsating fuzzy spheres, 2) a single Coulomb-type potential, and 3) integrable fuzzy spheres. For the first two cases, we show the existence of chaos by computing Poincar\\'e sections and a Lyapunov spectrum. The third case leads to an integrable system. As a result, the BMN matrix model is not integrable in the sense of Liouville, though there may be some integrable subsectors.
Importance of packing in spiral defect chaos
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Kapilanjan Krishna
We develop two measures to characterize the geometry of patterns exhibited by the state of spiral defect chaos, a weakly turbulent regime of Rayleigh-Bénard convection. These describe the packing of contiguous stripes within the pattern by quantifying their length and nearest-neighbor distributions. The distributions evolve towards unique distribution with increasing Rayleigh number that suggests power-law scaling for the dynamics in the limit of infinite system size. The techniques are generally applicable to patterns that are reducible to a binary representation.
Topological organization of (low-dimensional) chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Recent progress toward classifying low-dimensional chaos measured from time series data is described. This classification theory assigns a template to the time series once the time series is embedded in three dimensions. The template describes the primary folding and stretching mechanisms of phase space responsible for the chaotic motion. Topological invariants of the unstable periodic orbits in the closure of the strange set are calculated from the (reconstructed) template. These topological invariants must be consistent with ampersand ny model put forth to describe the time series data, and are useful in invalidating (or gaining confidence in) any model intended to describe the dynamical system generating the time series
Regularity and chaos in nuclear structure
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The BSC pairing gap, obtained from nuclear masses, shows large structural effects. A periodic orbit theory for the pairing gap has been developed, and generic expressions for the pairing gap fluctuations are derived, stressing the role of regularity/chaos. Results from the theory are compared to pairing gaps obtained from nuclear masses, calculated as well as measured. The comparison provides another quality control of nuclear mass formula, and gives additional insight in the nuclear pairing phenomenon. The theory can be applied to pairing fluctuations in other finite-size Fermi systems, as ultracold atomic gases or small metallic grains
A pseudo-matched filter for chaos
Cohen, Seth D.; Gauthier, Daniel J
A matched filter maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio of a signal. In the recent work of Corron et al. [Chaos 20, 023123 (2010)], a matched filter is derived for the chaotic waveforms produced by a piecewise-linear system. Motivated by these results, we describe a pseudo-matched filter, which removes noise from the same chaotic signal. It consists of a notch filter followed by a first-order, low-pass filter. We compare quantitatively the matched filter's performance to that of our pseudo-match...
Chaos in Multi-Valued Dynamical Systems
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Beran, Zdeněk; Čelikovský, S.
Vegazana Campus of the University of León: Universidad de León, 2011, s. 1-5. [Physcon 2011 - 5th International Scientific Conference on Physics and Control. León (ES), 05.09.2011-08.09.2011] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP103/10/0628 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Multi-valued dynamical systems * chaos * differential inclusions Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory http://physcon.unileon.es/wp-content/uploads/Finalprogram.pdf
Chaos caused by fatigue crack growth
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The nonlinear dynamic responses including chaotic oscillations caused by a fatigue crack growth are presented. Fatigue tests have been conducted on a novel fatigue-testing rig, where the loading is generated from inertial forces. The nonlinearity is in the form of discontinuous stiffness caused by the opening and closing of a growing crack. Nonlinear dynamic tools such as Poincare maps and bifurcation diagrams are used to unveil the global dynamics of the system. The results obtained indicate that fatigue crack growth strongly influences the dynamic response of the system leading to chaos
Chaos caused by fatigue crack growth
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Foong, C.-H.; Pavlovskaia, Ekaterina; Wiercigroch, Marian; Deans, William
The nonlinear dynamic responses including chaotic oscillations caused by a fatigue crack growth are presented. Fatigue tests have been conducted on a novel fatigue-testing rig, where the loading is generated from inertial forces. The nonlinearity is in the form of discontinuous stiffness caused by the opening and closing of a growing crack. Nonlinear dynamic tools such as Poincare maps and bifurcation diagrams are used to unveil the global dynamics of the system. The results obtained indicate that fatigue crack growth strongly influences the dynamic response of the system leading to chaos.
Enlightening complexity: making energy with chaos
Molinari, D
We study the energy harvesting of photons undergoing chaotic dynamics with different complexity degrees. Our theory employs a multiscale analysis, which combines Hamiltonian billiards, time-dependent coupled mode theory and ab-initio simulations. In analogy to classical thermodynamics, where the presence of microscopic chaos leads to a single direction for time and entropy, an increased complexity in the motion of photons yields to a monotonic accumulation of energy, which dramatically grows thanks to a constructive mechanism of energy buildup. This result could lead to the realization of novel complexity-driven, energy harvesting architectures.
Toward analytical chaos in nonlinear systems
Luo, Albert C J
Exact analytical solutions to periodic motions in nonlinear dynamical systems are almost not possible. Since the 18th century, one has extensively used techniques such as perturbation methods to obtain approximate analytical solutions of periodic motions in nonlinear systems. However, the perturbation methods cannot provide the enough accuracy of analytical solutions of periodic motions in nonlinear dynamical systems. So the bifurcation trees of periodic motions to chaos cannot be achieved analytically. The author has developed an analytical technique that is more effective to achieve period
Congenital laryngomucocoele: a rare cause for CHAOS
M. Cunha; Janeiro, P; Fernandes, R.; Carreiro, H; Laurini, R
Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare but life-threatening condition that results from the obstruction of the upper airways. We describe a female newborn, from a Grávida II, Para 0, 36-year-old woman, with a routine ultrasound at 30 weeks' gestation that showed polyhydramnios. She delivered a live-born female baby at 36 weeks without any dismorphic features but with respiratory distress. Attempts at endotracheal intubation were unsuccessful due to the presence of a ...
Order, disorder and chaos in crystal lattice
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The properties of two two-dimensional mappings corresponding to the solutions of spin models on a Cayley tree in infinite coordination limit are analised in detail. The models under consideration are related to some mechanisms which were proposed to explain the occurrence of modulated phases in magnetic crystals. The existence of devil's staircases characterized by fractal dimensionalities which increase with temperature is shown. Numerical evidences to support the existence of a strange attractor, of a fractal character, in the Ising model with competing interactions restricted to the branches of a Cayley tree are presented. The route to chaos agrees with the scenario of Feigenbaum. (Author)
Chaos and complexity in nonlinear electronic circuits
Ogorzalek, MJ
The basic procedures for designing and analysing electronic systems are based largely on the assumptions of linear behavior of the system. Nonlinearities inherent in all real applications very often cause unexpected and even strange behavior. This book presents an electronic engineer's perspective on chaos and complex behavior. It starts from basic mathematical notions which enable understanding of the observed phenomena, and guides the reader through the methodology and tools used in the laboratory and numerical experiments to interpretation and explanation of basic mechanisms. On typical cir
Controlling chaos in Internet congestion control model
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The TCP end-to-end congestion control plus RED router queue management can be modeled as a discrete-time dynamical system, which may create complex bifurcating and chaotic behavior. Based on the basic features of the TCP-RED model, we propose a time-dependent delayed feedback control algorithm to control chaos in the system by perturbing the accessible RED parameter pmax. This method is able to stabilized a router queue occupancy at a level without knowing the exact knowledge of the network. Further, we study the situation of the presence of the UDP traffic
Quantum chaos and the black hole horizon
CERN. Geneva
Thanks to AdS/CFT, the analogy between black holes and thermal systems has become a practical tool, shedding light on thermalization, transport, and entanglement dynamics. Continuing in this vein, recent work has shown how chaos in the boundary CFT can be analyzed in terms of high energy scattering right on the horizon of the dual black hole. The analysis revolves around certain out-of-time-order correlation functions, which are simple diagnostics of the butterfly effect. We will review this work, along with a general bound on these functions that implies black holes are the most chaotic systems in quantum mechanics. (NB Room Change to Main Auditorium)
Staircase functions, spectral regidity and a rule for quantizing chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Considering the Selberg trace formula as an exact version of Gutzwiller's semiclassical periodic-orbit theory in the case of the free motion on compact Riemann surfaces with constant negative curvature (Hadamard-Gutzwiller model), we study two complementary basic problems in quantum chaology: the computation of the calssical staircase N(l), the number of periodic orbits with length shorter than l, in terms of the quantal energy spectrum {En}, the computation of the spectral staircase N (E), the number of quantal energies below the energy E, in terms of the length spectrum {ln} of the classical periodic orbits. A formulation of the periodic-orbit theory is presented which is intrinsically unsmoothed, but for which an effective smoothing arises from the limited 'input data', i.e. from the limited knowledge of the periodic orbits in the case of N(E) and the limited knowledge of quantal energies in the case of N(l). Based on the periodic-orbit formula for N(E), we propose a new rule for quantizing chaos, which simply states that the quantal energies are determined by the zeros of the function ξ1(E) = cos (πN(E)). The formulas for N(l) and N(E) as well as the new quantization condition are tested numerically. Furthermore, it is shown that the staircase N(E) computed from the length spectrum yields (up to a constant) a good description of the spectral rigidity Δ3(L), being the first numerical attempt to compute a statistical property of the quantal energy spectrum of a chaotic system from classical periodic orbits. (orig.)
Experimental Chaos - Proceedings of the 3rd Conference
Harrison, Robert G.; Lu, Weiping; Ditto, William; Pecora, Lou; Spano, Mark; Vohra, Sandeep
The Table of Contents for the full book PDF is as follows: * Preface * Spatiotemporal Chaos and Patterns * Scale Segregation via Formation of Domains in a Nonlinear Optical System * Laser Dynamics as Hydrodynamics * Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Human Epileptic Seizures * Experimental Transition to Chaos in a Quasi 1D Chain of Oscillators * Measuring Coupling in Spatiotemporal Dynamical Systems * Chaos in Vortex Breakdown * Dynamical Analysis * Radial Basis Function Modelling and Prediction of Time Series * Nonlinear Phenomena in Polyrhythmic Hand Movements * Using Models to Diagnose, Test and Control Chaotic Systems * New Real-Time Analysis of Time Series Data with Physical Wavelets * Control and Synchronization * Measuring and Controlling Chaotic Dynamics in a Slugging Fluidized Bed * Control of Chaos in a Laser with Feedback * Synchronization and Chaotic Diode Resonators * Control of Chaos by Continuous-time Feedback with Delay * A Framework for Communication using Chaos Sychronization * Control of Chaos in Switching Circuits * Astrophysics, Meteorology and Oceanography * Solar-Wind-Magnetospheric Dynamics via Satellite Data * Nonlinear Dynamics of the Solar Atmosphere * Fractal Dimension of Scalar and Vector Variables from Turbulence Measurements in the Atmospheric Surface Layer * Mechanics * Escape and Overturning: Subtle Transient Behavior in Nonlinear Mechanical Models * Organising Centres in the Dynamics of Parametrically Excited Double Pendulums * Intermittent Behaviour in a Heating System Driven by Phase Transitions * Hydrodynamics * Size Segregation in Couette Flow of Granular Material * Routes to Chaos in Rotational Taylor-Couette Flow * Experimental Study of the Laminar-Turbulent Transition in an Open Flow System * Chemistry * Order and Chaos in Excitable Media under External Forcing * A Chemical Wave Propagation with Accelerating Speed Accompanied by Hydrodynamic Flow * Optics * Instabilities in Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Injection * Spatio
The dream's navel between chaos and thought.
Scalzone, F; Zontini, G
The authors begin by drawing attention to the problem of the transition from the biological to the psychic, noting that Freud himself, with his background in the neurosciences, grappled with it throughout his career. Certain recent paradigms more commonly applied to the natural sciences, such as in particular chaos and complexity theory, can in their view prove fruitful in psychoanalysis too, and it is shown how these notions are inherent in some of Freud's conceptions. The unconscious is stated to operate like a neural network, performing the kind of parallel processing used in the computing of highly complex situations, whereas the conscious mind is sequential. Dreams, in the authors' opinion, are organisers of the mind, imparting order to the turbulence of the underlying wishes and unconscious fantasies and structuring them through the dream work. Through dreams, the structured linearity of conscious thought can emerge out of the non-linear chaos of the drives. The dream's navel can be seen as the chaotic link, or interface, between the unconscious wish, which constitutes an attractor, and the conscious thought. The attractor may be visualised as having an hourglass or clepsydra shape, the narrow section being the dream's navel, and, being the same at any scale of observation, has the property of fractality. PMID:11341062
Order and chaos in soft condensed matter
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
A K Sood; Rajesh Ganapathy
Soft matter, like colloidal suspensions and surfactant gels, exhibit strong response to modest external perturbations. This paper reviews our recent experiments on the nonlinear flow behaviour of surfactant worm-like micellar gels. A rich dynamic behaviour exhibiting regular, quasi-periodic, intermittency and chaos is observed. In particular, we have shown experimentally that the route to chaos is via Type-II intermittency in shear thinning worm-like micellar solution of cetyltrimethylammonium tosylate where the strength of flow-concentration coupling is tuned by the addition of sodium chloride. A Poincaré first return map of the time series and the probability distribution of laminar length between burst events show that our data are consistent with Type-II intermittency. The existence of a `Butterfly' intensity pattern in small angle light scattering (SALS) measurements performed simultaneously with the rheological measurements confirms the coupling of flow to concentration fluctuations in the system under study. The scattered depolarised intensity in SALS, sensitive to orientational order fluctuations, shows the same time-dependence (like intermittency) as that of shear stress.
Time generated by intrinsic observers
Svozil, Karl
We shortly review the construction of knowledge by intrinsic observers. Intrinsic observers are embedded in a system and are inseparable parts thereof. The intrinsic viewpoint has to be contrasted with an extrinsic, "God's eye" viewpoint, from which the system can be observed externally without in any way changing it. This epistemological distinction has concrete, formalizable consequences. One consequence is the emergence of "complementarity" for intrinsic observers, even if the underlying system is totally deterministic (computable). Another consequence is the appearence of time and inertial frames for intrinsic observers. The necessary operational techniques are developed in the context of Cellular Automata. We finish with a somewhat speculative question. Given space-time frames generated by clocks which use sound waves for synchronization; why could supersonic travel not cause time paradoxes?
Topological chaos of the spatial prisoner׳s dilemma game on regular networks.
Jin, Weifeng; Chen, Fangyue
The spatial version of evolutionary prisoner׳s dilemma on infinitely large regular lattice with purely deterministic strategies and no memories among players is investigated in this paper. Based on the statistical inferences, it is pertinent to confirm that the frequency of cooperation for characterizing its macroscopic behaviors is very sensitive to the initial conditions, which is the most practically significant property of chaos. Its intrinsic complexity is then justified on firm ground from the theory of symbolic dynamics; that is, this game is topologically mixing and possesses positive topological entropy on its subsystems. It is demonstrated therefore that its frequency of cooperation could not be adopted by simply averaging over several steps after the game reaches the equilibrium state. Furthermore, the chaotically changing spatial patterns via empirical observations can be defined and justified in view of symbolic dynamics. It is worth mentioning that the procedure proposed in this work is also applicable to other deterministic spatial evolutionary games therein. PMID:26646768
Chaos in temporarily destabilized regular systems with the slow passage effect
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We provide evidences for chaotic behaviour in temporarily destabilized regular systems. In particular, we focus on time-continuous systems with the slow passage effect. The extreme sensitivity of the slow passage phase enables the existence of long chaotic transients induced by random pulsatile perturbations, thereby evoking chaotic behaviour in an initially regular system. We confirm the chaotic behaviour of the temporarily destabilized system by calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent. Moreover, we show that the newly obtained unstable periodic orbits can be easily controlled with conventional chaos control techniques, thereby guaranteeing a rich diversity of accessible dynamical states that is usually expected only in intrinsically chaotic systems. Additionally, we discuss the biological importance of presented results
Evolution to the Edge of Chaos in Imitation Game
Kaneko, K; Kaneko, Kunihiko; Suzuki, Junji
Motivated by the evolution of complex bird songs, an abstract imitation game is proposed to study the increase of dynamical complexity: Artificial "birds" display a "song" time series to each other, and those that imitate the other's song better win the game. With the introduction of population dynamics according to the score of the game and the mutation of parameters for the song dynamics, the dynamics is found to evolve towards the borderline between chaos and a periodic window, after punctuated equilibria. The importance of edge of chaos with topological chaos for complexity is stressed.
Theory of the nucleus as applied to quantum chaos
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bunakov, V. E., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [St. Petersburg State University, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (Russian Federation)
A critical analysis of the present-day concept of chaos in quantum systems as nothing but a quantum signature of chaos in classical mechanics is given. It is proposed to specify a regular versus a chaotic behavior on the basis of symmetries of the system being considered and global integrals of motion that are associated with these symmetries in accordance with the Liouville-Arnold theorem rather than on the basis of the concept of Lyapunov's instability of trajectories. Numerical criteria of quantum chaos that follow from the proposed concept are analyzed.
Contributions of plasma physics to chaos and nonlinear dynamics
Escande, Dominique
This topical review focusses on the contributions of plasma physics to chaos and nonlinear dynamics bringing new methods which are or can be used in other scientific domains. It starts with the development of the theory of Hamiltonian chaos, and then deals with order or quasi order, for instance adiabatic and soliton theories. It ends with a shorter account of dissipative and high dimensional Hamiltonian dynamics, and of quantum chaos. Most of these contributions are a spin-off of the research on thermonuclear fusion by magnetic confinement, which started in the fifties. Their presentation is both exhaustive and compact. [15 April 2016
From chaos to order methodologies, perspectives and applications
Chen Guan Rong
Chaos control has become a fast-developing interdisciplinary research field in recent years. This book is for engineers and applied scientists who want to have a broad understanding of the emerging field of chaos control. It describes fundamental concepts, outlines representative techniques, provides case studies, and highlights recent developments, putting the reader at the forefront of current research.Important topics presented in the book include: Fundamentals of nonlinear dynamical systems, essential for understanding and developing chaos control methods.; Parametric variation and paramet
Controlling beam halo-chaos via backstepping design
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Gao Yuan; Kong Feng
A backstepping control method is proposed for controlling beam halo-chaos in the periodic focusing channels PFCs) of high-current ion accelerator. The analysis and numerical results show that the method, via adjusting an exterior magnetic field, is effective to control beam halo chaos with five types of initial distribution ion beams, all statistical quantities of the beam halo-chaos are largely reduced, and the uniformity of ion beam is improved. This control method has an important value of application, for the exterior magnetic field can be easily adjusted in the periodical magnetic focusing channels in experiment.
Chaos behavior in the discrete Fitzhugh nerve system
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
The discrete Fitzhugh nerve systems obtained by the Euler method is investigated and it is proved that there exist chaotic phenomena in the sense of Marotto's definition of chaos. And numerical simulations not only show the consistence with the theoretical analysis but also exhibit the complex dynamical behaviors, including the ten-periodic orbit, a cascade of period-doubling bifurcation, quasiperiodic orbits and the chaotic orbits and intermittent chaos. The computations of Lyapunov exponents confirm the chaos behaviors. Moreover we also find a strange attractor having the self-similar orbit structure as that of Henon attractor.
Chaos-based hash function (CBHF) for cryptographic applications
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
As the core of cryptography, hash is the basic technique for information security. Many of the hash functions generate the message digest through a randomizing process of the original message. Subsequently, a chaos system also generates a random behavior, but at the same time a chaos system is completely deterministic. In this paper, an algorithm for one-way hash function construction based on chaos theory is introduced. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation indicate that the algorithm can satisfy all performance requirements of hash function in an efficient and flexible manner and secure against birthday attacks or meet-in-the-middle attacks, which is good choice for data integrity or authentication.
Intrinsic time geometrodynamics: explicit examples
Lin, Huei-Chen
Intrinsic time quantum geometrodynamics resolved `the problem of time' and bridged the deep divide between quantum mechanics and canonical quantum gravity with a Schrodinger equation which describes evolution in intrinsic time variable. In this formalism, Einstein's general relativity is a particular realization of a wider class of theories. Explicit classical black hole and cosmological solutions and the motion of test particles are derived and analyzed in this work in the context of constant three-curvature solutions in intrinsic time geometrodynamics; and we exemplify how this formalism yields results which agree with the predictions of Einstein's theory.
Intrinsic Negative Mass from Nonlinearity
Di Mei, F.; Caramazza, P.; Pierangeli, D.; Di Domenico, G.; Ilan, H.; Agranat, A. J.; Di Porto, P.; DelRe, E.
We propose and provide experimental evidence of a mechanism able to support negative intrinsic effective mass. The idea is to use a shape-sensitive nonlinearity to change the sign of the mass in the leading linear propagation equation. Intrinsic negative-mass dynamics is reported for light beams in a ferroelectric crystal substrate, where the diffusive photorefractive nonlinearity leads to a negative-mass Schrödinger equation. The signature of inverted dynamics is the observation of beams repelled from strongly guiding integrated waveguides irrespective of wavelength and intensity and suggests shape-sensitive nonlinearity as a basic mechanism leading to intrinsic negative mass.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
CHEN Guanrong
Chaos as a very special type of complex dynamical behaviors hasbeen studied for about four decades. Yet the traditional trend of analyzing and understanding chaos has evolved to controlling and utilizing chaos today. Research in the field of chaos modeling,control, and synchronization includes not only ordering chaos, which means to weaken or completely suppress chaos when it is harmful, but also chaotification, which refers to enhancing existing chaos or creating chaos purposely when it is useful, by any means of control technology. This article offers a brief overview about the potential impact of controlled chaos on beneficial applications in science and engineering, and introduces some recent progress in chaotification via feedback control methods.
Introduction aux méthodes semiclassiques en chaos quantique
Mouchet, Amaury
On replace les méthodes semiclassiques en chaos quantique dans une perspective historique, peu technique, étayée par une bibliographie abondante mais non exhaustive allant jusqu'au milieu des années 90.
Strategic leadership: a view from quantum and chaos theories.
McDaniel, R R
Viewing health care from the perspective of chaos and quantum theories offers new insights into management techniques for effective and efficient delivery of health care services. This article introduces these concepts and gives specific prescriptions for managerial action. PMID:9058085
Complex Nonlinearity Chaos, Phase Transitions, Topology Change and Path Integrals
Ivancevic, Vladimir G
Complex Nonlinearity: Chaos, Phase Transitions, Topology Change and Path Integrals is a book about prediction & control of general nonlinear and chaotic dynamics of high-dimensional complex systems of various physical and non-physical nature and their underpinning geometro-topological change. The book starts with a textbook-like expose on nonlinear dynamics, attractors and chaos, both temporal and spatio-temporal, including modern techniques of chaos–control. Chapter 2 turns to the edge of chaos, in the form of phase transitions (equilibrium and non-equilibrium, oscillatory, fractal and noise-induced), as well as the related field of synergetics. While the natural stage for linear dynamics comprises of flat, Euclidean geometry (with the corresponding calculation tools from linear algebra and analysis), the natural stage for nonlinear dynamics is curved, Riemannian geometry (with the corresponding tools from nonlinear, tensor algebra and analysis). The extreme nonlinearity – chaos – corresponds to th...
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Sang Tao; Wang Ruli; Yan Yixun
The chaos-based feedforward output functions for combining keystream generators are proposed according to chaotic dynamic theory. The generated binary signals are independently and identically distributed, and have predictable periods. All experiments correspond to the theoretical prediction very well.
The transition to chaos conservative classical systems and quantum manifestations
Reichl, Linda E
This book provides a thorough and comprehensive discussion of classical and quantum chaos theory for bounded systems and for scattering processes Specific discussions include • Noether's theorem, integrability, KAM theory, and a definition of chaotic behavior • Area-preserving maps, quantum billiards, semiclassical quantization, chaotic scattering, scaling in classical and quantum dynamics, dynamic localization, dynamic tunneling, effects of chaos in periodically driven systems and stochastic systems • Random matrix theory and supersymmetry The book is divided into several parts Chapters 2 through 4 deal with the dynamics of nonlinear conservative classical systems Chapter 5 and several appendices give a thorough grounding in random matrix theory and supersymmetry techniques Chapters 6 and 7 discuss the manifestations of chaos in bounded quantum systems and open quantum systems respectively Chapter 8 focuses on the semiclassical description of quantum systems with underlying classical chaos, and Chapt...
Chaos in monopole sector of the Georgi-Glashow model
Dobrowolski, Tomasz; Szczesny, Jerzy
A spherically symmetric excitations of the Polyakov - t' Hooft monopole are considered. In the framework of the geodesics deviation equation it is found that in the large mass Higgs sector a signature of chaos occurs.
Chaos-assisted, broadband trapping of light in optical resonators
Liu, C; Molinari, D; Khan, Y; Ooi, B S; Krauss, T F; Fratalocchi, A
Chaos is a phenomenon that occurs in many aspects of contemporary science. In classical dynamics, chaos is defined as a hypersensitivity to initial conditions. The presence of chaos is often unwanted, as it introduces unpredictability, which makes it difficult to predict or explain experimental results. Conversely, we demonstrate here how chaos can be used to enhance the ability of an optical resonator to store energy. We combine analytic theory with ab-initio simulations and experiments in photonic crystal resonators to show that a chaotic resonator can store six times more energy than its classical counterpart of the same volume. We explain the observed increase with the equipartition of energy among all degrees of freedom of the chaotic resonator, i.e. the cavity modes, which is evident from the convergence of their lifetime towards a single value. A compelling illustration of the theory is provided by demonstrating enhanced absorption in deformed polystyrene microspheres.
Discrete chaos in fractional sine and standard maps
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wu, Guo-Cheng, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation of Sichuan Province, College of Mathematics and Information Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641112 (China); College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 (China); Baleanu, Dumitru, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80204, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cankaya University, 06530 Balgat, Ankara (Turkey); Institute of Space Sciences, Magurele-Bucharest (Romania); Zeng, Sheng-Da [School of Science, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006 (China)
Fractional standard and sine maps are proposed by using the discrete fractional calculus. The chaos behaviors are then numerically discussed when the difference order is a fractional one. The bifurcation diagrams and the phase portraits are presented, respectively.
Fractional Chaos Based Communication Systems-An Introduction
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Juebang Yu
As one of secure communication means, chaotic communication systems has been well-developed during the past three decades. Technical papers, both for theoretical and practical investigations, have reached a huge amount in number. On the other hand, fractional chaos, as a parallel ongoing research topic, also attracts many researchers to investigate. As far as the IT field is concerned, the research on control systems by using fractional chaos known as FOC (fractional order control) has been a hot issue for quite a long time. As a comparison, interesting enough, up to now we have not found any research result related to Fractional Chaos Communi cation (FCC) system, Le., a system based on fractional chaos. The motivation of the present article is to reveal the feasibility of realizing communication systems based upon FCC and their superiority over the conventional integer chaotic communication systems. Principles of FCC and its advantages over integer chaotic communication systems are also discussed.
Filtering with Marked Point Process Observations via Poisson Chaos Expansion
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We study a general filtering problem with marked point process observations. The motivation comes from modeling financial ultra-high frequency data. First, we rigorously derive the unnormalized filtering equation with marked point process observations under mild assumptions, especially relaxing the bounded condition of stochastic intensity. Then, we derive the Poisson chaos expansion for the unnormalized filter. Based on the chaos expansion, we establish the uniqueness of solutions of the unnormalized filtering equation. Moreover, we derive the Poisson chaos expansion for the unnormalized filter density under additional conditions. To explore the computational advantage, we further construct a new consistent recursive numerical scheme based on the truncation of the chaos density expansion for a simple case. The new algorithm divides the computations into those containing solely system coefficients and those including the observations, and assign the former off-line.
Chaos as a Source of Complexity and Diversity in Evolution
Kaneko, K
The relevance of chaos to evolution is discussed in the context of the origin and maintenance of diversity and complexity. Evolution to the edge of chaos is demonstrated in an imitation game. As an origin of diversity, dynamic clustering of identical chaotic elements, globally coupled each to other, is briefly reviewed. The clustering is extended to nonlinear dynamics on hypercubic lattices, which enables us to construct a self-organizing genetic algorithm. A mechanism of maintenance of diversity, ``homeochaos", is given in an ecological system with interaction among many species. Homeochaos provides a dynamic stability sustained by high-dimensional weak chaos. A novel mechanism of cell differentiation is presented, based on dynamic clustering. Here, a new concept -- ``open chaos" -- is proposed for the instability in a dynamical system with growing degrees of freedom. It is suggested that studies based on interacting chaotic elements can replace both top-down and bottom-up approaches.
Biological conditions for oscillations and chaos generated by multispecies competition
Huisman, J; Weissing, FJ
We investigate biological mechanisms that generate oscillations and chaos in multispecies competition models. For this purpose, we use a competition model concerned with competition for abiotic essential resources. Because phytoplankton and plants consume quite a number of abiotic essential resource
Spatial chaos-based image encryption design
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
In recent years, the chaos based cryptographic algorithms have suggested some new and efficient ways to develop secure image encryption techniques, but the drawbacks of small key space and weak security in one-dimensional chaotic cryptosystems are obvious. In this paper, permutation and sub- stitution methods are incorporated to present a stronger image encryption algorithm. Spatial chaotic maps are used to realize the position permutation, and to confuse the relationship between the ci- pher-image and the plain-image. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested encryption scheme of image has the advantages of large key space and high security; moreover, the distribution of grey values of the encrypted image has a random-like behavior.
Spatial chaos-based image encryption design
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LIU ShuTang; SUN FuYan
In recent years, the chaos based cryptographic algorithms have suggested some new and efficient ways to develop secure image encryption techniques, but the drawbacks of small key space and weak security in one-dimensional chaotic cryptosystems are obvious. In this paper, permutation and sub-stitution methods are incorporated to present a stronger image encryption algorithm. Spatial chaotic maps are used to realize the position permutation, and to confuse the relationship between the ci-pher-image and the plain-image. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested encryption scheme of image has the advantages of large key space and high security; moreover, the distribution of grey values of the encrypted image has a random-like behavior.
Food chain chaos due to transcritical point
Deng, Bo; Hines, Gwendolen
Chaotic dynamics of a classical prey-predator-superpredator ecological model are considered. Although much is known about the behavior of the model numerically, very few results have been proven analytically. A new analytical result is obtained. It is demonstrated that there exists a subset on which a singular Poincaré map generated by the model is conjugate to the shift map on two symbols. The existence of such a Poincaré map is due to two conditions: the assumption that each species has its own time scale ranging from fast for the prey to slow for the superpredator, and the existence of transcritical points, leading to the classical mathematical phenomenon of Pontryagin's delay of loss of stability. This chaos generating mechanism is new, neither suspected in abstract form nor recognized in numerical experiments in the literature.
Quantifying chaos: A tale of two maps
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In many applications, there is a desire to determine if the dynamics of interest are chaotic or not. Since positive Lyapunov exponents are a signature for chaos, they are often used to determine this. Reliable estimates of Lyapunov exponents should demonstrate evidence of convergence; but literature abounds in which this evidence lacks. This Letter presents two maps through which it highlights the importance of providing evidence of convergence of Lyapunov exponent estimates. The results suggest cautious conclusions when confronted with real data. Moreover, the maps are interesting in their own right. -- Highlights: → We highlight the importance of verifying convergence of Lyapunov exponent estimates. → We emphasise a distributional approach to verifying convergence. → We illustrate with two novel nonlinear maps. → We suggest a way to deal with finite real data.
Secure communication based on spatiotemporal chaos
Ren, Hai-Peng; Bai, Chao
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to secure communication based on spatiotemporal chaos. At the transmitter end, the state variables of the coupled map lattice system are divided into two groups: one is used as the key to encrypt the plaintext in the N-shift encryption function, and the other is used to mix with the output of the N-shift function to further confuse the information to transmit. At the receiver end, the receiver lattices are driven by the received signal to synchronize with the transmitter lattices and an inverse procedure of the encoding is conducted to decode the information. Numerical simulation and experiment based on the TI TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) show the feasibility and the validity of the proposed scheme. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61172070) and the Funds from the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2013CKT-04).
An introduction to chaos and randomness
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chaos provides a link between determinism and randomness. It demonstrates that even very simple systems are capable of random behavior, and that randomness does not necessarily depend on the complexity of initial data. Instead, nonlinear geometrical relationships in the laws of motion cause mixing of nearby initial conditions, so that the states of the system are shuffled, much like a deck of cards. Even though the geometric relationships dictated by the laws of motion may be quite simple, the resulting trajectories can be highly complex. Small changes in initial conditions are amplified into very large changes in long-term behavior, making the relationship between cause and effect so complicated as to be effectively random. This complexity is generated internally, rather than externally. From any practical point of view the result is random. 150 refs., 43 figs
Digital Communications Using Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics
Larson, Lawrence E; Liu, Jia-Ming
This book introduces readers to a new and exciting cross-disciplinary field of digital communications with chaos. This field was born around 15 years ago, when it was first demonstrated that nonlinear systems which produce complex non-periodic noise-like chaotic signals, can be synchronized and modulated to carry useful information. Thus, chaotic signals can be used instead of pseudo-random digital sequences for spread-spectrum and private communication applications. This deceptively simple idea spun hundreds of research papers, and many novel communication schemes based on chaotic signals have been proposed. However, only very recently researchers have begun to make a transition from academic studies toward practical implementation issues, and many "promising" schemes had to be discarded or re-formulated. This book describes the state of the art (both theoretical and experimental) of this novel field. The book is written by leading experts in the fields of Nonlinear Dynamics and Electrical Engineering who pa...
Chaos embedded particle swarm optimization algorithms
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper proposes new particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods that use chaotic maps for parameter adaptation. This has been done by using of chaotic number generators each time a random number is needed by the classical PSO algorithm. Twelve chaos-embedded PSO methods have been proposed and eight chaotic maps have been analyzed in the benchmark functions. It has been detected that coupling emergent results in different areas, like those of PSO and complex dynamics, can improve the quality of results in some optimization problems. It has been also shown that, some of the proposed methods have somewhat increased the solution quality, that is in some cases they improved the global searching capability by escaping the local solutions.
Stratified chaos in a sand pile formation
Poortinga, Ate; Ritsema, Coen J
Sand pile formation is often used to describe stratified chaos in dynamic systems due to self-emergent and scale invariant behaviour. Cellular automata (Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld model) are often used to describe chaotic behaviour, as simulating physical interactions between individual particles is computationally demanding. In this study, we use a state-of-the-art parallel implementation of the discrete element method on the graphical processing unit to simulate sand pile formation. Interactions between individual grains were simulated using a contact model in an Euler integration scheme. Results show non-linear self-emergent behaviour which is in good agreement with experimental results, theoretical work and self organized criticality (SOC) approaches. Moreover, it was found that the fully deterministic model, where the position and forces on every individual particle can be determined every iteration has a brown noise signal in the x and y direction, where the signal is the z direction is closer to a white noise...
Theory of Secular Chaos and Mercury's Orbit
Lithwick, Yoram
We study the chaotic orbital evolution of planetary systems, focusing on secular (i.e., orbit-averaged) interactions, because these often dominate on long timescales. We first focus on the evolution of a test particle that is forced by multiple massive planets. To linear order in eccentricity and inclination, its orbit precesses with constant frequencies. But nonlinearities can shift the frequencies into and out of secular resonance with the planets' eigenfrequencies, or with linear combinations of those frequencies. The overlap of these nonlinear secular resonances drive secular chaos in planetary systems. We quantify the resulting dynamics for the first time by calculating the locations and widths of nonlinear secular resonances. When results from both analytical calculations and numerical integrations are displayed together in a newly developed "map of the mean momenta" (MMM), the agreement is excellent. This map is particularly revealing for non-coplanar planetary systems and demonstrates graphically that...
Chaos, Dirac observables and constraint quantization
Dittrich, Bianca; Koslowski, Tim A; Nelson, Mike I
There is good evidence that full general relativity is non-integrable or even chaotic. We point out the severe repercussions: differentiable Dirac observables and a reduced phase space do not exist in non-integrable constrained systems and are thus unlikely to occur in a generic general relativistic context. Instead, gauge invariant quantities generally become discontinuous, thus not admitting Poisson-algebraic structures and posing serious challenges to a quantization. Non-integrability also renders the paradigm of relational dynamics cumbersome, thereby straining common interpretations of the dynamics. We illustrate these conceptual and technical challenges with simple toy models. In particular, we exhibit reparametrization invariant models which fail to be integrable and, as a consequence, can either not be quantized with standard methods or lead to sick quantum theories without a semiclassical limit. These troubles are qualitatively distinct from semiclassical subtleties in unconstrained quantum chaos and...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rennison, Betina Wolfgang
Communication makes a difference. The manner in which we communicate creates the phenomena we communicate about. It can seem obvious, but we are nevertheless seldom aware of the complexity this constructivist assumption implies. Through an analysis of a new salary system in the public sector of...... Denmark (called New Wage), this paper theorizes this complexity in terms of Niklas Luhmann's systems theory. It identifies four wholly different `codes' of communication: legal, economic, pedagogical and intimate. Each of them shapes the phenomena of `pay', the construal of the employee and the form of...... management differently. In this chaos of codes the managerial challenge is to take a second order position in order to strategically manage the communication that manages management itself. Key words: Management; personnel management; human-relations; pay-system; communication; system-theory; discursive...
Stochastic chaos in a turbulent swirling flow
Faranda, Davide; Saint-Michel, Brice; Wiertel, Cecile; Padilla, Vincent; Dubrulle, Berengere; Daviaud, Francois
We report the experimental evidence of the existence of a random attractor in a fully developed turbulent swirling flow. By defining a global observable which tracks the asymmetry in the flux of angular momentum imparted to the flow, we can first reconstruct the associated turbulent attractor and then follow its route towards chaos. We further show that the experimental attractor can be modeled by stochastic Duffing equations, that match the quantitative properties of the experimental flow, namely the number of quasi-stationary states and transition rates among them, the effective dimensions, and the continuity of the first Lyapunov exponents. Such properties can neither be recovered using deterministic models nor using stochastic differential equations based on effective potentials obtained by inverting the probability distributions of the experimental global observables. Our findings open the way to low dimensional modeling of systems featuring a large number of degrees of freedom and multiple quasi-station...
Controlling chaos using an exponential control
Gadre, S D; Gadre, Sangeeta D; Varma, V S
We demonstrate that chaos can be controlled using a multiplicative exponential feedback control. All three types of unstable orbits - unstable fixed points, limit cycles and chaotic trajectories can be stabilized using this control. The control is effective both for maps and flows. The control is significant, particularly for systems with several degrees of freedom, as knowledge of only one variable on the desired unstable orbit is sufficient to settle the system on to that orbit. We find, that in all the cases studied, the transient time is a decreasing function of the stiffness of control. But increasing the stiffness beyond an optimum value can increase the transient time. The control can also be used to create suitable new stable attractors in a map, which did not exist in the original system.
Chaos in attitude dynamics of spacecraft
Liu, Yanzhu
Attitude dynamics is the theoretical basis of attitude control of spacecrafts in aerospace engineering. With the development of nonlinear dynamics, chaos in spacecraft attitude dynamics has drawn great attention since the 1990's. The problem of the predictability and controllability of the chaotic attitude motion of a spacecraft has a practical significance in astronautic science. This book aims to summarize basic concepts, main approaches, and recent progress in this area. It focuses on the research work of the author and other Chinese scientists in this field, providing new methods and viewpoints in the investigation of spacecraft attitude motion, as well as new mathematical models, with definite engineering backgrounds, for further analysis. Professor Yanzhu Liu was the Director of the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. Dr. Liqun Chen is a Professor at the Department of Mechanics, Shanghai University, China.
Mechanics From Newton's Laws to Deterministic Chaos
Scheck, Florian
This book covers all topics in mechanics from elementary Newtonian mechanics, the principles of canonical mechanics and rigid body mechanics to relativistic mechanics and nonlinear dynamics. It was among the first textbooks to include dynamical systems and deterministic chaos in due detail. As compared to the previous editions the present fifth edition is updated and revised with more explanations, additional examples and sections on Noether's theorem. Symmetries and invariance principles, the basic geometric aspects of mechanics as well as elements of continuum mechanics also play an important role. The book will enable the reader to develop general principles from which equations of motion follow, to understand the importance of canonical mechanics and of symmetries as a basis for quantum mechanics, and to get practice in using general theoretical concepts and tools that are essential for all branches of physics. The book contains more than 120 problems with complete solutions, as well as some practical exa...
Time reversibility, computer simulation, algorithms, chaos
Hoover, William Graham
A small army of physicists, chemists, mathematicians, and engineers has joined forces to attack a classic problem, the "reversibility paradox", with modern tools. This book describes their work from the perspective of computer simulation, emphasizing the author's approach to the problem of understanding the compatibility, and even inevitability, of the irreversible second law of thermodynamics with an underlying time-reversible mechanics. Computer simulation has made it possible to probe reversibility from a variety of directions and "chaos theory" or "nonlinear dynamics" has supplied a useful vocabulary and a set of concepts, which allow a fuller explanation of irreversibility than that available to Boltzmann or to Green, Kubo and Onsager. Clear illustration of concepts is emphasized throughout, and reinforced with a glossary of technical terms from the specialized fields which have been combined here to focus on a common theme. The book begins with a discussion, contrasting the idealized reversibility of ba...
Kars Örnekleminde Halk Hekimliğinin Arkaik Unsurları Archaic Elements Of Folk Medicine In Kars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kürşat ÖNCÜL
Full Text Available At present time folk medicine has double structures which they have brought about positive (alternative medicine and negative (superstition practice approaches. But it's not possible to make realistic assessment starting basic data such as; education, age group, living centre and to reach a real information which has been presented by sociological data in this approaches. Although it has been accepted more distant approach style against such treatment methods in urban life , television programs and books about this topic ha are accepted in urban forest relevant subject television programs and books haveprovided to increase interest against such treatments both in urban lifeand rural environment in recent years. It's individual and social realitythat especially when offered treatment practices by modern medicinehaven't penned out, it has led to increase tendency about Folk medicinepractices in urban environment which has comparatively highrationality. Ritual beliefs and practices provide solutions to theproblems generally in accordance which the request of a healthy life inparticular despair in cities folk medicine makes an importantcontribution to the revival of the tradition. İt contributes to the shape ofthe transformation of scientific competence separated from theknowledge and experience of a poetic way of thinking a period ofthousands of years. Because of historical and geographic conditions,Kars county has a cultural texture has been protected in archaic cods.This sheltered has promoted its sheltering because especially folkmedicine practices have presented in a modern form from visual mediaat present time. Urban and rural or in other words scientific andtraditional narration and practices have continuation opportunity theirtelescopic existing. Halk hekimliği günümüzde olumlu (alternatif tıp ve olumsuz (batıl, kocakarı uygulamaları yaklaşımları beraberinde taşıyan ikili bir yapı taşımaktadır. Ancak bu yakla
Intrinsic motivation and learning dynamics
Zgonnikov, Arkady
We investigate the effects of intrinsic motivation on the dynamics of learning processes. We construct a simple model of a single agent adapting to unknown environment. Performing a repeated choice between a number of initially unexplored alternatives, the agent gains rewards for each selected alternative and in doing so gradually comprehends the environment. In our model the agent choice is governed by two stimuli. The traditional extrinsic motive inclines the agent to maximize the cumulative payoff throughout the process, while the second, intrinsic one, biases the agent towards the novel options that she inherently likes. We show that the intrinsic motivation can induce an instability and periodic dynamics of the learning process which is always stationary in the case of selfish, rational agent. Interestingly, the opposite effect can arise as well: when the impact of intrinsic motivation on the agent choice is strong, the equiprobable choice equilibrium strategy becomes stable. Based on the presented resul...
Intrinsically disordered proteins and biomineralization.
Boskey, Adele L; Villarreal-Ramirez, Eduardo
In vertebrates and invertebrates, biomineralization is controlled by the cell and the proteins they produce. A large number of these proteins are intrinsically disordered, gaining some secondary structure when they interact with their binding partners. These partners include the component ions of the mineral being deposited, the crystals themselves, the template on which the initial crystals form, and other intrinsically disordered proteins and peptides. This review speculates why intrinsically disordered proteins are so important for biomineralization, providing illustrations from the SIBLING (small integrin binding N-glycosylated) proteins and their peptides. It is concluded that the flexible structure, and the ability of the intrinsically disordered proteins to bind to a multitude of surfaces is crucial, but details on the precise-interactions, energetics and kinetics of binding remain to be determined. PMID:26807759
Secure Communication System Based on Chaos in Optical Fibre
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Pak; L; Chu; Fan; Zhang; William; Mak; Robust; Lai
1 IntroductionRecently, there have been intense research activities on the study of synchronized chaos generated by fibre lasers and its application to secure communication systems. So far, all studies concentrate on two aspects: (1) the effect of the transmission channel between the transmitter and the receiver has been neglected, and (2) the chaos and the signal are carried by one wavelength. Both theoretical and experimental investigations make
Fluctuations of Spatial Patterns as a Measure of Classical Chaos
Cao, Z J; Cao, Zhen; Hwa, Rudolph C.
In problems where the temporal evolution of a nonlinear system cannot be followed, a method for studying the fluctuations of spatial patterns has been developed. That method is applied to well-known problems in deterministic chaos (the logistic map and the Lorenz model) to check its effectiveness in characterizing the dynamical behaviors. It is found that the indices $\\mu _q$ are as useful as the Lyapunov exponents in providing a quantitative measure of chaos.
High precision framework for chaos many-body engine
Grossu, I. V.; Besliu, C.; Felea, D.; Jipa, Al.
In this paper we present a C# 4.0 high precision framework for simulation of relativistic many-body systems. In order to benefit from the, previously developed, chaos analysis instruments, all new modules were integrated with Chaos Many-Body Engine (Grossu et al. 2010, 2013). As a direct application, we used 46 digits precision for analyzing the "Butterfly Effect" of the gravitational force in a specific relativistic nuclear collision toy-model.
Relations between distributional, Li-Yorke and {omega} chaos
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Guirao, Juan Luis Garcia [Departamento de Matematica Aplicada y Estadistica, Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, C/Paseo Alfonso XIII, 30203-Cartagena (Region de Murcia) (Spain)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Lampart, Marek [Mathematical Institute at Opava, Silesian University at Opava, Na Rybnicku 1, 746 01 Opava (Czech Republic)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
The forcing relations between notions of distributional, Li-Yorke and {omega} chaos were studied by many authors. In this paper we summarize all known connections between these three different types of chaos and fulfill the results for general compact metric spaces by the construction of a selfmap on a compact perfect set which is {omega} chaotic, not distributionally chaotic and has zero topological entropy.
Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics in a Quantum Artificial Economy
Gonçalves, Carlos Pedro
Chaos and nonlinear economic dynamics are addressed for a quantum coupled map lattice model of an artificial economy, with quantized supply and demand equilibrium conditions. The measure theoretic properties and the patterns that emerge in both the economic business volume dynamics' diagrams as well as in the quantum mean field averages are addressed and conclusions are drawn in regards to the application of quantum chaos theory to address signatures of chaotic dynamics in relevant discrete economic state variables.
Tropic of Chaos: An Evening with Christian Parenti
Parenti, Christian
Christian Parenti talks about his latest book, 'Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence', a "brilliant weather report from the near future of world politics" (Mike Davis). The era of climate war is upon us. Extreme weather brought on by global warming is unleashing cascades of unrest and violence across the globe, from Africa to Asia to the Americas. In Tropic of Chaos, award-winning journalist and sociologists Christian Parenti reports from the front lines of this ...
Quantum Graphs: Applications to Quantum Chaos and Universal Spectral Statistics
Gnutzmann, Sven; Smilansky, Uzy
During the last years quantum graphs have become a paradigm of quantum chaos with applications from spectral statistics to chaotic scattering and wave function statistics. In the first part of this review we give a detailed introduction to the spectral theory of quantum graphs and discuss exact trace formulae for the spectrum and the quantum-to-classical correspondence. The second part of this review is devoted to the spectral statistics of quantum graphs as an application to quantum chaos. E...
Fibonacci order in the period-doubling cascade to chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this contribution, we describe how the Fibonacci sequence appears within the Feigenbaum scaling of the period-doubling cascade to chaos. An important consequence of this discovery is that the ratio of successive Fibonacci numbers converges to the golden mean in every period-doubling sequence and therefore the convergence to φ, the most irrational number, occurs in concert with the onset of deterministic chaos
Adaptive SAGA Based on Mutative Scale Chaos Optimization Strategy
Haichang Gao; Boqin Feng; Yun Hou; Bin Guo; Li Zhu
A hybrid adaptive SAGA based on mutative scale chaos optimization strategy (CASAGA) is proposed to solve the slow convergence, incident getting into local optimum characteristics of the Standard Genetic Algorithm (SGA). The algorithm combined the parallel searching structure of Genetic Algorithm (GA) with the probabilistic jumping property of Simulated Annealing (SA), also used adaptive crossover and mutation operators. The mutative scale Chaos optimization strategy was used to accelerate the...
Quantum manifestations of chaos in elastic atom-surface scattering
Guantes, R.; Miret-Artés, Salvador; Borondo, Florentino
Quantum manifestations of chaos in the diffraction of atoms from corrugated surfaces, for a range of initial conditions easily attainable in scattering experiments, are presented and discussed. The appearance of strong oscillations in diffraction patterns is shown to be directly related to the presence of classical chaos and threshold effects. We also show that the autocorrelation function for some of the collision S-matrix elements over incident angles is sensitive to the character, hyperbol...
Chaos, CNN, memristors and beyond a festschrift for Leon Chua
Adamatzky, Andrew
This invaluable book is a unique collection of tributes to outstanding discoveries pioneered by Leon Chua in nonlinear circuits, cellular neural networks, and chaos. It is comprised of three parts. The first - cellular nonlinear networks, nonlinear circuits and cellular automata - deals with Chua's Lagrangian circuits, cellular wave computers, bio-inspired robotics and neuro-morphic architectures, toroidal chaos, synaptic cellular automata, history of Chua's circuits, cardiac arrhythmias, local activity principle, symmetry breaking and complexity, bifurcation trees, and Chua's views on nonline
A Note on Intrinsic Correlation
Du, Songzi
In this note we characterize the strategic implication of intrinsic correlation, introduced by Brandenburger and Friedenberg (2008), in the subjective correlated equilibrium setting of a complete information game. Intrinsic correlation restricts correlation devices to variables within the game, i.e. players's beliefs (and higher order beliefs) about each other's strategies, in contrast to signals or sunspots from the "outside." The characterization is a strengthening of best-response set wi...
OnN Kac's Chaos and Related Problems
Hauray, Maxime
This paper is devoted to establish quantitative and qualitative estimates related to the notion of chaos as firstly formulated by M. Kac [37] in his study of mean-field limit for systems of N undistinguishable particles as N \\rightarrow \\infty. First, we quantitatively liken three usual measures of Kac's chaos, some involving the all N variables, other involving a finite fixed number of variables. The cornerstone of the proof is a new representation of the Monge-Kantorovich-Wasserstein (MKW) distance for symmetric N-particle probabilities in terms of the distance between the law of the associated empirical measures on the one hand, and a new estimate on some MKW distance on probability spaces endowed with a suitable Hilbert norm taking advantage of the associated good algebraic structure. Next, we define the notion of entropy chaos and Fisher information chaos in a similar way as defined by Carlen et al [17]. We show that Fisher information chaos is stronger than entropy chaos, which in turn is stronger than ...
The chaos avant-garde memories of the early days of chaos theory
Abraham, Ralph H
This book is an authoritative and unique reference for the history of chaos theory, told by the pioneers themselves. It also provides an excellent historical introduction to the concepts. There are eleven contributions, and six of them are published here for the first time - two by Steve Smale, three by Yoshisuke Ueda, and one each by Ralph Abraham, Edward Lorenz, Christian Mira, Floris Takens, T Y Li and James A Yorke, and Otto E Rossler. Contents: On How I Got Started in Dynamical Systems 1959-1962 (S Smale); Finding a Horseshoe on the Beaches of Rio (S Smale); Strange Attractors and the Ori
Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Feedback Control Methods for Beam Halo-chaos
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
WANGZhong-sheng; FANGJin-qing; CHENGuan-rong
Control of beam halo-chaos has been a more challenge subject in recent years, in which nonlinear feedback method for beam halo-chaos has been developed for control of beam halo-chaos in high-current proton linear accelerators. However, stability analysis of nonlinear feedback control methods for beam halo-chaos has still been an open and important topic in this field. In this letter.
Experimental study of chaos synchronization in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Employing self-adaptive parameter regulation scheme, chaos synchronization in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky-CSTR chemical system has been studied experimentally. By optimizing the combination of regulation parameters, the trend of chaos synchronization is observed and the prediction of chaos synchronization from numerical simulation is thus verified by the experiment. In addition, the difference of sensitivity to noise with the mass coupling scheme and the self-adaptive parameter regulation scheme in chaos synchronization has also been discussed
Time-dependent generalized polynomial chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) has non-uniform convergence and tends to break down for long-time integration. The reason is that the probability density distribution (PDF) of the solution evolves as a function of time. The set of orthogonal polynomials associated with the initial distribution will therefore not be optimal at later times, thus causing the reduced efficiency of the method for long-time integration. Adaptation of the set of orthogonal polynomials with respect to the changing PDF removes the error with respect to long-time integration. In this method new stochastic variables and orthogonal polynomials are constructed as time progresses. In the new stochastic variable the solution can be represented exactly by linear functions. This allows the method to use only low order polynomial approximations with high accuracy. The method is illustrated with a simple decay model for which an analytic solution is available and subsequently applied to the three mode Kraichnan-Orszag problem with favorable results.
Nonlinear Dynamics: Integrability, Chaos and Patterns
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
When the editorial office of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General of the Institute of Physics Publishing asked me to review a book on nonlinear dynamics I experienced an undeniable apprehension. Indeed, the domain is a rapidly expanding one and writing a book aiming at a certain degree of completeness looks like an almost impossible task. My uneasiness abated somewhat when I saw the names of the authors, two well-known specialists of the nonlinear domain, but it was only when I held the book in my hands that I felt really reassured. The book is not just a review of the recent (and less so) findings on nonlinear systems. It is also a textbook. The authors set out to provide a detailed, step by step, introduction to the domain of nonlinearity and its various subdomains: chaos, integrability and pattern formation (although this last topic is treated with far less detail than the other two). The public they have in mind is obviously that of university students, graduate or undergraduate, who are interested in nonlinear phenomena. I suspect that a non-negligible portion of readers will be people who have to teach topics which figure among those included in the book: they will find this monograph an excellent companion to their course. The book is written in a pedagogical way, with a profusion of examples, detailed explanations and clear diagrams. The point of view is that of a physicist, which to my eyes is a major advantage. The mathematical formulation remains simple and perfectly intelligible. Thus the reader is not bogged down by fancy mathematical formalism, which would have discouraged the less experienced ones. A host of exercises accompanies every chapter. This will give the novice the occasion to develop his/her problem-solving skills and acquire competence in the use of nonlinear techniques. Some exercises are quite straightforward, like 'verify the relation 14.81'. Others are less so, such as 'prepare a write-up on a) frequency-locking and b) devil
Implementation of LT codes based on chaos
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Zhou Qian; Li Liang; Chen Zeng-Qiang; Zhao Jia-Xiang
Fountain codes provide an efficient way to transfer information over erasure channels like the Internet.LT codes are the first codes fully realizing the digital fountain concept.They are asymptotically optimal rateless erasure codes with highly efficient encoding and decoding algorithms.In theory,for each encoding symbol of LT codes,its degree is randomly chosen according to a predetermined degree distribution,and its neighbours used to generate that encoding symbol are chosen uniformly at random.Practical implementation of LT codes usually realizes the randomness through pseudo-randomness number generator like linear congruential method.This paper applies the pseudo-randomness of chaotic sequence in the implementation of LT codes.Two Kent chaotic maps are used to determine the degree and neighbour(s)of each encoding symbol.It is shown that the implemented LT codes based on chaos perform better than the LT codes implemented by the traditional pseudo-randomness number generator.
Kinematic dynamo, supersymmetry breaking, and chaos
Ovchinnikov, Igor V.; Enßlin, Torsten A.
The kinematic dynamo (KD) describes the growth of magnetic fields generated by the flow of a conducting medium in the limit of vanishing backaction of the fields onto the flow. The KD is therefore an important model system for understanding astrophysical magnetism. Here, the mathematical correspondence between the KD and a specific stochastic differential equation (SDE) viewed from the perspective of the supersymmetric theory of stochastics (STS) is discussed. The STS is a novel, approximation-free framework to investigate SDEs. The correspondence reported here permits insights from the STS to be applied to the theory of KD and vice versa. It was previously known that the fast KD in the idealistic limit of no magnetic diffusion requires chaotic flows. The KD-STS correspondence shows that this is also true for the diffusive KD. From the STS perspective, the KD possesses a topological supersymmetry, and the dynamo effect can be viewed as its spontaneous breakdown. This supersymmetry breaking can be regarded as the stochastic generalization of the concept of dynamical chaos. As this supersymmetry breaking happens in both the diffusive and the nondiffusive cases, the necessity of the underlying SDE being chaotic is given in either case. The observed exponentially growing and oscillating KD modes prove physically that dynamical spectra of the STS evolution operator that break the topological supersymmetry exist with both real and complex ground state eigenvalues. Finally, we comment on the nonexistence of dynamos for scalar quantities.
Disentangling Complexity from Randomness and Chaos
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Lena C. Zuchowski
Full Text Available This study aims to disentangle complexity from randomness and chaos, and to present a definition of complexity that emphasizes its epistemically distinct qualities. I will review existing attempts at defining complexity and argue that these suffer from two major faults: a tendency to neglect the underlying dynamics and to focus exclusively on the phenomenology of complex systems; and linguistic imprecisions in describing these phenomenologies. I will argue that the tendency to discuss phenomenology removed from the underlying dynamics is the main root of the difficulties in distinguishing complex from chaotic or random systems. In my own definition, I will explicitly try to avoid these pitfalls. The theoretical contemplations in this paper will be tested on a sample of five models: the random Kac ring, the chaotic CA30, the regular CA90, the complex CA110 and the complex Bak-Sneppen model. Although these modelling studies are restricted in scope and can only be seen as preliminary, they still constitute on of the first attempts to investigate complex systems comparatively.
Global spectral structures of intermittent chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Power spectra of intermittent chaos near its onset point is formulated in order to clarify fluctuations of periodic laminar motions caused by turbulent bursts. It is shown that the power spectra exhibit eminent peaks at selected frequencies mω0 with m = 0,1,2, ... and an eigenfrequency ω0 of the laminar motions. The peak at zero frequency is produced by fluctuations of durations of the laminar motions, whereas the peaks at nonzero frequencies are generated by jumps of phase shifts of the laminar motions by bursts. The shape of each peak turns out to obey an inverse-power law 1/|ω-mω0|ζm with a universal exponent ζm. For the type I intermittency caused by the saddle-node bifurcation, ζ0 = 1, ζ1 = 2 under normal reinjections, whereas ζ0 = ζm = 1 if reinjections are restricted to the upper half of a narrow channel of the tangent map. For the type III intermittency caused by the inverted period-doubling bifurcation, ζm = 3/2 for m ≥ 1. (author)
Muthuswamy, Bharathwaj
The purpose of this introductory book is to couple the teaching of chaotic circuit and systems theory with the use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). As such, it differs from other texts on chaos: first, it puts emphasis on combining theoretical methods, simulation tools and physical realization to help the reader gain an intuitive understanding of the properties of chaotic systems. Second, the "medium" used for physical realization is the FPGA. These devices are massively parallel architectures that can be configured to realize a variety of logic functions. Hence, FPGAs can be configured to emulate systems of differential equations. Nevertheless maximizing the capabilities of an FPGA requires the user to understand the underlying hardware and also FPGA design software. This is achieved by the third distinctive feature of this book: a lab component in each chapter. Here, readers are asked to experiment with computer simulations and FPGA designs, to further their understanding of con...
Chaos Synchronization in Navier-Stokes Turbulence
Lalescu, Cristian; Meneveau, Charles; Eyink, Gregory
Chaos synchronization (CS) has been studied for some time now (Pecora & Carroll 1990), for systems with only a few degrees of freedom as well as for systems described by partial differential equations (Boccaletti et al 2002). CS in general is said to be present in coupled dynamical systems when a specific property of each system has the same time evolution for all, even though the evolution itself is chaotic. The Navier-Stokes (NS) equations describe the velocity for a wide range of fluids, and their solutions are usually called turbulent if fluctuation amplitudes decrease as a power of their wavenumber. There have been some studies of CS for continuous systems (Kocarev et al 1997), but CS for NS turbulence seems not to have been investigated so far. We focus on the synchronization of the small scales of a turbulent flow for which the time history of large scales is prescribed. Our DNS results show that high-wavenumbers in turbulence are fully slaved to modes with wavenumbers up to a critical fraction of the Kolmogorov dissipation wavenumber. The motivation for our work is to study deeply sub-Kolmogorov scales in fully developed turbulence (Schumacher 2007), which we found to be recoverable even at very high Reynolds number from simulations with moderate resolutions. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation's CDI-II program, project CMMI-0941530
Devaney's chaos on uniform limit maps
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Highlights: → The transitivity may not been inherited even if the sequence functions mixing. → The sensitivity may not been inherited even if the iterates of sequence have some uniform convergence. → Some equivalence conditions for the transitivity and sensitivity for uniform limit function are given. → A non-transitive sequence may converge uniformly to a transitive map. - Abstract: Let (X, d) be a compact metric space and fn : X → X a sequence of continuous maps such that (fn) converges uniformly to a map f. The purpose of this paper is to study the Devaney's chaos on the uniform limit f. On the one hand, we show that f is not necessarily transitive even if all fn mixing, and the sensitive dependence on initial conditions may not been inherited to f even if the iterates of the sequence have some uniform convergence, which correct two wrong claims in . On the other hand, we give some equivalence conditions for the uniform limit f to be transitive and to have sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Moreover, we present an example to show that a non-transitive sequence may converge uniformly to a transitive map.
Genotoxicity of drinking water from Chao Lake
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liu, Q.; Jiao, Q.C. [Nanjing Univ. (China). Dept. of Biological Science and Technology; Huang, X.M.; Jiang, J.P.; Cui, S.Q.; Yao, G.H.; Jiang, Z.R.; Zhao, H.K.; Wang, N.Y. [Anhui Antiepidemic Station, Hefei (China)
Genotoxic activity appears to originate primarily from reactions of chlorine with humic substances in the source waters. Comparisons of extracts of settled versus chlorinated water have confirmed that chlorinating during water treatment produces mutagenic activity in the mutagenicity tests. Present work on XAD-2 extracts of raw, chlorinated (treated), and settled water from the Chao Lake region of China has involved a battery of mutagenicity assays for various genetic endpoints: the Salmonella test, the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, and the micronucleus (MN) induction in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of silver carp. Extracts of raw and treated water but not the settled water are mutagenic in the Salmonella assay. On the other hand, extracts of three water samples show activity in the SCE and MN assays, especially the raw and treated water. These data show that contamination and chlorinating contribute mutagens to drinking water and suggest that the mammalian assays may be more sensitive for detecting mutagenicity in aquatic environment than the Salmonella test.
Attractors, bifurcations, & chaos nonlinear phenomena in economics
Puu, Tönu
The present book relies on various editions of my earlier book "Nonlinear Economic Dynamics", first published in 1989 in the Springer series "Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems", and republished in three more, successively revised and expanded editions, as a Springer monograph, in 1991, 1993, and 1997, and in a Russian translation as "Nelineynaia Economicheskaia Dinamica". The first three editions were focused on applications. The last was differ ent, as it also included some chapters with mathematical background mate rial -ordinary differential equations and iterated maps -so as to make the book self-contained and suitable as a textbook for economics students of dynamical systems. To the same pedagogical purpose, the number of illus trations were expanded. The book published in 2000, with the title "A ttractors, Bifurcations, and Chaos -Nonlinear Phenomena in Economics", was so much changed, that the author felt it reasonable to give it a new title. There were two new math ematics ch...
Quantum signatures of chaos in a kicked top.
Chaudhury, S; Smith, A; Anderson, B E; Ghose, S; Jessen, P S
Chaotic behaviour is ubiquitous and plays an important part in most fields of science. In classical physics, chaos is characterized by hypersensitivity of the time evolution of a system to initial conditions. Quantum mechanics does not permit a similar definition owing in part to the uncertainty principle, and in part to the Schrödinger equation, which preserves the overlap between quantum states. This fundamental disconnect poses a challenge to quantum-classical correspondence, and has motivated a long-standing search for quantum signatures of classical chaos. Here we present the experimental realization of a common paradigm for quantum chaos-the quantum kicked top- and the observation directly in quantum phase space of dynamics that have a chaotic classical counterpart. Our system is based on the combined electronic and nuclear spin of a single atom and is therefore deep in the quantum regime; nevertheless, we find good correspondence between the quantum dynamics and classical phase space structures. Because chaos is inherently a dynamical phenomenon, special significance attaches to dynamical signatures such as sensitivity to perturbation or the generation of entropy and entanglement, for which only indirect evidence has been available. We observe clear differences in the sensitivity to perturbation in chaotic versus regular, non-chaotic regimes, and present experimental evidence for dynamical entanglement as a signature of chaos. PMID:19812668
Acoustic resonance spectroscopy intrinsic seals
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We have begun to quantify the ability of acoustic resonance spectroscopy (ARS) to detect the removal and replacement of the lid of a simulated special nuclear materials drum. Conceptually, the acoustic spectrum of a container establishcs a baseline fingerprint, which we refer to as an intrinsic seal, for the container. Simply removing and replacing the lid changes some of the resonant frequencies because it is impossible to exactly duplicate all of the stress patterns between the lid and container. Preliminary qualitative results suggested that the ARS intrinsic seal could discriminate between cases where a lid has or has not been removed. The present work is directed at quantifying the utility of the ARS intrinsic seal technique, including the technique's sensitivity to ''nuisance'' effects, such as temperature swings, movement of the container, and placement of the transducers. These early quantitative tests support the potential of the ARS intrinsic seal application, but also reveal a possible sensitivity to nuisance effects that could limit environments or conditions under which the technique is effective
Intrinsic Motivation in Physical Education
Davies, Benjamin; Nambiar, Nathan; Hemphill, Caroline; Devietti, Elizabeth; Massengale, Alexandra; McCredie, Patrick
This article describes ways in which educators can use Harter's perceived competence motivation theory, the achievement goal theory, and self-determination theory to develop students' intrinsic motivation to maintain physical fitness, as demonstrated by the Sound Body Sound Mind curriculum and proven effective by the 2013 University of…
Evidence of Low Dimensional Chaos in Glow Curves of Thermoluminescence
Conte, Elio
Electron trapping following exposition to ionising radiations and consequent electron release during variation of temperature in solids represent processes happening at the quantum microphysical level. The interesting feature of the thermally stimulated process, that in fact deserves further investigation, is that the dynamic of electrons release during, variation of the temperature, here examined through the so called thermoluminescent Glow Curve, evidences chaotic and fractal regimes. Phase space reconstruction, Correlation Dimension, largest Lyapunov exponent, Recurrence Quantification Analysis(RQA) and fractal dimension analysis, developed by calculation of Hurst exponent, are performed on three samples. The results unequivocally fix that Glow Curves respond to a chaotic regime. RQA supports such results revealing the inner structure of Glow Curve signals in relation to their properties of recurrence, determinism and intermittency signed from laminarity as well as chaos-chaos and chaos order transitions.
A novel image encryption scheme based on spatial chaos map
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sun Fuyan [College of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: email@example.com; Liu Shutang [College of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Li Zhongqin [HeiLongJiang Institute of Science and Technology, Harbin 150027 (China); Lue Zongwang [Information and Communication College, Guilin University of Electronic and Technology, Guilin 541004 (China); Corporate Engineering Department, Johnson Electric Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518125 (China)
In recent years, the chaos-based cryptographic algorithms have suggested some new and efficient ways to develop secure image encryption techniques, but the drawbacks of small key space and weak security in one-dimensional chaotic cryptosystems are obvious. In this paper, spatial chaos system are used for high degree security image encryption while its speed is acceptable. The proposed algorithm is described in detail. The basic idea is to encrypt the image in space with spatial chaos map pixel by pixel, and then the pixels are confused in multiple directions of space. Using this method one cycle, the image becomes indistinguishable in space due to inherent properties of spatial chaotic systems. Several experimental results, key sensitivity tests, key space analysis, and statistical analysis show that the approach for image cryptosystems provides an efficient and secure way for real time image encryption and transmission from the cryptographic viewpoint.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
K. Thamizhchelvy
Full Text Available We propose the fractal generation method to generate the different types of fractals using chaos theory. The fractals are generated by Iterated Function System (IFS technique. The chaos theory is an unpredictable behavior arises in the dynamical system. Chaos in turns explains the nonlinearity and randomness. Chaotic behavior depends upon the initial condition called as "seed" or "key". Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG fixes the initial condition from the difference equations. The system uses the PRNG value and it generates the fractals, also it is hard to break. We apply the rules to generate the fractals. The different types of fractals are generated for the same data, because of the great sensitivity to the initial condition. It can be used as a digital signature in online applications such as e-Banking and online shopping.
A novel image encryption scheme based on spatial chaos map
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In recent years, the chaos-based cryptographic algorithms have suggested some new and efficient ways to develop secure image encryption techniques, but the drawbacks of small key space and weak security in one-dimensional chaotic cryptosystems are obvious. In this paper, spatial chaos system are used for high degree security image encryption while its speed is acceptable. The proposed algorithm is described in detail. The basic idea is to encrypt the image in space with spatial chaos map pixel by pixel, and then the pixels are confused in multiple directions of space. Using this method one cycle, the image becomes indistinguishable in space due to inherent properties of spatial chaotic systems. Several experimental results, key sensitivity tests, key space analysis, and statistical analysis show that the approach for image cryptosystems provides an efficient and secure way for real time image encryption and transmission from the cryptographic viewpoint
When chaos meets hyperchaos: 4D Rössler model
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chaotic behavior is a common feature of nonlinear dynamics, as well as hyperchaos in high-dimensional systems. In numerical simulations of these systems it is quite difficult to distinguish one from another behavior in some situations, as the results are frequently quite "noisy". We show that in such systems a global hyperchaotic invariant set is present giving rise to long hyperchaotic transient behaviors. This fact provides a mechanism for these noisy results. The coexistence of chaos and hyperchaos is proved via Computer-Assisted Proofs techniques. - Highlights: • The coexistence of chaos and hyperchaos in the 4D Rössler system is proved via Computer-Assisted Proofs techniques. • A global hyperchaotic invariant set is present giving rise to long hyperchaotic transient behaviors. • The long transient behaviors make difficult in numerical simulations to distinguish chaos from hyperchaos in some situations
When chaos meets hyperchaos: 4D Rössler model
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Barrio, Roberto, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Departamento de Matemática Aplicada and IUMA, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Computational Dynamics group, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Angeles Martínez, M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Computational Dynamics group, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Serrano, Sergio, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Departamento de Matemática Aplicada and IUMA, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Computational Dynamics group, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Wilczak, Daniel, E-mail: email@example.com [Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 6, 30-348 Kraków (Poland)
Chaotic behavior is a common feature of nonlinear dynamics, as well as hyperchaos in high-dimensional systems. In numerical simulations of these systems it is quite difficult to distinguish one from another behavior in some situations, as the results are frequently quite "noisy". We show that in such systems a global hyperchaotic invariant set is present giving rise to long hyperchaotic transient behaviors. This fact provides a mechanism for these noisy results. The coexistence of chaos and hyperchaos is proved via Computer-Assisted Proofs techniques. - Highlights: • The coexistence of chaos and hyperchaos in the 4D Rössler system is proved via Computer-Assisted Proofs techniques. • A global hyperchaotic invariant set is present giving rise to long hyperchaotic transient behaviors. • The long transient behaviors make difficult in numerical simulations to distinguish chaos from hyperchaos in some situations.
Level statistics in arithmetical and pseudo-arithmetical chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We investigate a long-standing riddle in quantum chaos, posed by certain fully chaotic billiards with constant negative curvature whose periodic orbits are highly degenerate in length. Depending on the boundary conditions for the quantum wavefunctions, the energy spectra either have uncorrelated levels usually associated with classical integrability or conform to the 'universal' Wigner-Dyson type although the classical dynamics in both cases is the same. The resolution turns out surprisingly simple. The Maslov indices of orbits within multiplets of degenerate length either yield equal phases for the respective Feynman amplitudes (and thus Poissonian level statistics) or give rise to amplitudes with uncorrelated phases (leading to Wigner-Dyson level correlations). The recent semiclassical explanation of spectral universality in quantum chaos is thus extended to the latter case of 'pseudo-arithmetical' chaos. (fast track communication)
Applications of chaos and nonlinear dynamics in science and engineering
Rondoni, Lamberto; Mitra, Mala
Chaos and nonlinear dynamics initially developed as a new emergent field with its foundation in physics and applied mathematics. The highly generic, interdisciplinary quality of the insights gained in the last few decades has spawned myriad applications in almost all branches of science and technology—and even well beyond. Wherever the quantitative modeling and analysis of complex, nonlinear phenomena are required, chaos theory and its methods can play a key role. This second volume concentrates on reviewing further relevant, contemporary applications of chaotic nonlinear systems as they apply to the various cutting-edge branches of engineering. This encompasses, but is not limited to, topics such as the spread of epidemics; electronic circuits; chaos control in mechanical devices; secure communication; and digital watermarking. Featuring contributions from active and leading research groups, this collection is ideal both as a reference work and as a 'recipe book' full of tried and tested, successf...
Polymer additives in fluid turbulence and distributed chaos
Bershadskii, A
The fluids and polymers have different fundamental symmetries. Namely, the Lagrangian relabeling symmetry of fluids is absent for polymers (while the translational and rotational symmetries are still present). This fact results in spontaneous breaking of the relabeling symmetry in fluid turbulence even at a tiny polymer addition. Since helicity conservation in inviscid fluid motions is a consequence of the relabeling symmetry (due to the Noether's theorem) violation of this conservation by the polymer additives results in the strong effects in the distributed chaos. The distributed chaos in turbulence with the spontaneously broken relabeling symmetry is characterized by stretched exponential spectra $\\propto \\exp(-k/k_{\\beta})^{\\beta}$ with $\\beta =2/5$. The spectral range of this distributed chaos is extended in direction of the small wavenumbers and $k_{\\beta}$ becomes much larger in comparison with the pure fluid (Newtonian) case. This results in substantial suppression of small-scale turbulence and large-...
Color image authentication based on spatiotemporal chaos and SVD
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this paper, a new semi-fragile watermarking scheme for color image authentication is proposed based on spatiotemporal chaos and SVD (singular value decomposition). Wavelet transform is applied to watermarking. In contrast to conventional approaches where the watermark is embedded directly on the wavelet coefficients, we embed the watermark onto the SVs (singular values) of the blocks within wavelet subband. In order to enhance the security, spatiotemporal chaos is employed to select the embedding positions for each watermark bit as well as for watermark encryption. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme is able to identify malicious attacks to the image, while is robust to JPEG compression. And due to the sensitivity to the initial conditions of the spatiotemporal chaos, the security of the scheme is greatly improved
Multistability, chaos, and random signal generation in semiconductor superlattices.
Ying, Lei; Huang, Danhong; Lai, Ying-Cheng
Historically, semiconductor superlattices, artificial periodic structures of different semiconductor materials, were invented with the purpose of engineering or manipulating the electronic properties of semiconductor devices. A key application lies in generating radiation sources, amplifiers, and detectors in the "unusual" spectral range of subterahertz and terahertz (0.1-10 THz), which cannot be readily realized using conventional radiation sources, the so-called THz gap. Efforts in the past three decades have demonstrated various nonlinear dynamical behaviors including chaos, suggesting the potential to exploit chaos in semiconductor superlattices as random signal sources (e.g., random number generators) in the THz frequency range. We consider a realistic model of hot electrons in semiconductor superlattice, taking into account the induced space charge field. Through a systematic exploration of the phase space we find that, when the system is subject to an external electrical driving of a single frequency, chaos is typically associated with the occurrence of multistability. That is, for a given parameter setting, while there are initial conditions that lead to chaotic trajectories, simultaneously there are other initial conditions that lead to regular motions. Transition to multistability, i.e., the emergence of multistability with chaos as a system parameter passes through a critical point, is found and argued to be abrupt. Multistability thus presents an obstacle to utilizing the superlattice system as a reliable and robust random signal source. However, we demonstrate that, when an additional driving field of incommensurate frequency is applied, multistability can be eliminated, with chaos representing the only possible asymptotic behavior of the system. In such a case, a random initial condition will lead to a trajectory landing in a chaotic attractor with probability 1, making quasiperiodically driven semiconductor superlattices potentially as a reliable
Generalized Statistical Mechanics at the Onset of Chaos
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alberto Robledo
Full Text Available Transitions to chaos in archetypal low-dimensional nonlinear maps offer real and precise model systems in which to assess proposed generalizations of statistical mechanics. The known association of chaotic dynamics with the structure of Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG statistical mechanics has suggested the potential verification of these generalizations at the onset of chaos, when the only Lyapunov exponent vanishes and ergodic and mixing properties cease to hold. There are three well-known routes to chaos in these deterministic dissipative systems, period-doubling, quasi-periodicity and intermittency, which provide the setting in which to explore the limit of validity of the standard BG structure. It has been shown that there is a rich and intricate behavior for both the dynamics within and towards the attractors at the onset of chaos and that these two kinds of properties are linked via generalized statistical-mechanical expressions. Amongst the topics presented are: (i permanently growing sensitivity fluctuations and their infinite family of generalized Pesin identities; (ii the emergence of statistical-mechanical structures in the dynamics along the routes to chaos; (iii dynamical hierarchies with modular organization; and (iv limit distributions of sums of deterministic variables. The occurrence of generalized entropy properties in condensed-matter physical systems is illustrated by considering critical fluctuations, localization transition and glass formation. We complete our presentation with the description of the manifestations of the dynamics at the transitions to chaos in various kinds of complex systems, such as, frequency and size rank distributions and complex network images of time series. We discuss the results.
Multistability, chaos, and random signal generation in semiconductor superlattices
Ying, Lei; Huang, Danhong; Lai, Ying-Cheng
Historically, semiconductor superlattices, artificial periodic structures of different semiconductor materials, were invented with the purpose of engineering or manipulating the electronic properties of semiconductor devices. A key application lies in generating radiation sources, amplifiers, and detectors in the "unusual" spectral range of subterahertz and terahertz (0.1-10 THz), which cannot be readily realized using conventional radiation sources, the so-called THz gap. Efforts in the past three decades have demonstrated various nonlinear dynamical behaviors including chaos, suggesting the potential to exploit chaos in semiconductor superlattices as random signal sources (e.g., random number generators) in the THz frequency range. We consider a realistic model of hot electrons in semiconductor superlattice, taking into account the induced space charge field. Through a systematic exploration of the phase space we find that, when the system is subject to an external electrical driving of a single frequency, chaos is typically associated with the occurrence of multistability. That is, for a given parameter setting, while there are initial conditions that lead to chaotic trajectories, simultaneously there are other initial conditions that lead to regular motions. Transition to multistability, i.e., the emergence of multistability with chaos as a system parameter passes through a critical point, is found and argued to be abrupt. Multistability thus presents an obstacle to utilizing the superlattice system as a reliable and robust random signal source. However, we demonstrate that, when an additional driving field of incommensurate frequency is applied, multistability can be eliminated, with chaos representing the only possible asymptotic behavior of the system. In such a case, a random initial condition will lead to a trajectory landing in a chaotic attractor with probability 1, making quasiperiodically driven semiconductor superlattices potentially as a reliable
Dynamic Ice-Water Interactions Form Europa's Chaos Terrains
Blankenship, D. D.; Schmidt, B. E.; Patterson, G. W.; Schenk, P.
Unique to the surface of Europa, chaos terrain is diagnostic of the properties and dynamics of its icy shell. We present a new model that suggests large melt lenses form within the shell and that water-ice interactions above and within these lenses drive the production of chaos. This model is consistent with key observations of chaos, predicts observables for future missions, and indicates that the surface is likely still active today[1]. We apply lessons from ice-water interaction in the terrestrial cryosphere to hypothesize a dynamic lense-collapse model to for Europa's chaos terrain. Chaos terrain morphology, like that of Conamara chaos and Thera Macula, suggests a four-phase formation [1]: 1) Surface deflection occurs as ice melts over ascending thermal plumes, as regularly occurs on Earth as subglacial volcanoes activate. The same process can occur at Europa if thermal plumes cause pressure melt as they cross ice-impurity eutectics. 2) Resulting hydraulic gradients and driving forces produce a sealed, pressurized melt lense, akin to the hydraulic sealing of subglacial caldera lakes. On Europa, the water cannot escape the lense due to the horizontally continuous ice shell. 3) Extension of the brittle ice lid above the lense opens cracks, allowing for the ice to be hydrofractured by pressurized water. Fracture, brine injection and percolation within the ice and possible iceberg toppling produces ice-melange-like granular matrix material. 4) Refreezing of the melt lense and brine-filled pores and cracks within the matrix results in raised chaos. Brine soaking and injection concentrates the ice in brines and adds water volume to the shell. As this englacial water freezes, the now water-filled ice will expand, not unlike the process of forming pingos and other "expansion ice" phenomena on Earth. The refreezing can raise the surface and create the oft-observed matrix "domes" In this presentation, we describe how catastrophic ice-water interactions on Earth have
Predicting vibration signals of automobile engine using chaos theory
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LIU Chun; ZHANG Laibin; WANG Zhaohui
Condition monitoring and life prediction of the vehicle engine is an important and urgent problem during the vehicle development process. The vibration signals that are closely associated with the engine running condition and its development trend are complex and nonlinear. The chaos theory is used to treat the nonlinear dynamical system recently. A novel chaos method in conjunction with SVD (singular value decomposition)denoising skill are used to predict the vibration time series. Two types of time series and their prediction errors are provided to illustrate the practical utility of the method.
Quantum dissipative chaos in the statistics of excitation numbers
Kryuchkyan, G Y; Kryuchkyan, Gagik Yu.; Manvelyan, Suren B.
A quantum manifestation of chaotic classical dynamics is found in the framework of oscillatory numbers statistics for the model of nonlinear dissipative oscillator. It is shown by numerical simulation of an ensemble of quantum trajectories that the probability distributions and variances of oscillatory number states are strongly transformed in the order-to-chaos transition. The nonclassical, sub-Poissonian statistics of oscillatory excitation numbers is established for chaotic dissipative dynamics in the framework of Fano factor and Wigner functions. These results are proposed for testing and experimental studing of quantum dissipative chaos.
generating topological chaos in lid-driven cavity flow
Stremler, M. A.; Chen, J
Periodic motion of three stirrers in a two-dimensional flow can lead to chaotic transport of the surrounding fluid. For certain stirrer motions, the generation of chaos is guaranteed solely by the topology of that motion and continuity of the fluid. Work in this area has focused largely on using physical rods as stirrers, but the theory also applies when the "stirrers" are passive fluid particles. We demonstrate the occurrence of topological chaos for Stokes flow in a two-dimensional lid-driv...
Chaos crisis in coupled Duffing's systems with initial phase difference
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The dynamics of coupled Duffing's oscillators with initial phase difference is investigated in this Letter. For the averaged equations, different equilibrium points can be observed, the number of which may vary with the parameters. The stable equilibrium points, corresponding to the periodic motion of the original coupled oscillators, may coexist with different patterns of dynamics, including chaos. Furthermore, two different chaotic attractors associated with different attracting basin coexist for certain parameter conditions, which may interact with each other to form an enlarged chaotic attractor. Several new dynamical phenomena such as boundary chaos crises have been predicted as the initial phase difference varies
Distributed chaos tuned to large scale coherent motions in turbulence
Bershadskii, A
It is shown, using direct numerical simulations and laboratory experiments data, that distributed chaos is often tuned to large scale coherent motions in anisotropic inhomogeneous turbulence. The examples considered are: fully developed turbulent boundary layer (range of coherence: $14 < y^{+} < 80$), turbulent thermal convection (in a horizontal cylinder), and Cuette-Taylor flow. Two ways of the tuning have been described: one via fundamental frequency (wavenumber) and another via subharmonic (period doubling). For the second way the large scale coherent motions are a natural component of distributed chaos. In all considered cases spontaneous breaking of space translational symmetry is accompanied by reflexional symmetry breaking.
The edge of chaos: A nonlinear view of psychoanalytic technique.
Galatzer-Levy, Robert M
The field of nonlinear dynamics (or chaos theory) provides ways to expand concepts of psychoanalytic process that have implications for the technique of psychoanalysis. This paper describes how concepts of "the edge of chaos," emergence, attractors, and coupled oscillators can help shape analytic technique resulting in an approach to doing analysis which is at the same time freer and more firmly based in an enlarged understanding of the ways in which psychoanalysis works than some current recommendation about technique. Illustrations from a lengthy analysis of an analysand with obsessive-compulsive disorder show this approach in action. PMID:27030426
In the Wake of Chaos Unpredictable Order in Dynamical Systems
Kellert, Stephen H
Chaos theory has captured scientific and popular attention. What began as the discovery of randomness in simple physical systems has become a widespread fascination with "chaotic" models of everything from business cycles to brainwaves to heart attacks. But what exactly does this explosion of new research into chaotic phenomena mean for our understanding of the world? In this timely book, Stephen Kellert takes the first sustained look at the broad intellectual and philosophical questions raised by recent advances in chaos theory—its implications for science as a source of knowledge a
Study of Chaos in the Traffic of Computer Networks
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Evgeny Nikulchev
Full Text Available Development of telecommunications technology currently determines the growth of research with an aim to find new solutions and innovative approaches to the mathematical description of the processes. One of the directions in the description of traffic in computer networks is focused on studying the properties of chaotic traffic. We offer a complex method for the dynamic chaos determination. It is suggested to introduce additional indicators based on the absence of trivial conservation laws and weak symmetry breaking. The conclusion is made that dynamic chaos in the example of computer network traffic.
Chaos and The Changing Nature of Science and Medicine. Proceedings
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
These proceedings represent the lectures given at the workshop on chaos and the changing nature of science and medicine. The workshop was sponsored by the University of South Alabama and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. The topics discussed covered nonlinear dynamical systems, complexity theory, fractals, chaos in biology and medicine and in fluid dynamics. Applications of chaotic dynamics in climatology were also discussed. There were 8 lectures at the workshop and all 8 have been abstracted for the Energy Science and Technology database
The chaos and order in nuclear molecular dynamics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The subject of the presented report is role of chaos in scattering processes in the frame of molecular dynamics. In this model, it is assumed that scattering particles (nuclei) consist of not-interacted components as alpha particles or 12C, 16O and 20Ne clusters. The results show such effects as dynamical in stabilities and fractal structure as well as compound nuclei decay and heavy-ion fusion. The goal of the report is to make the reader more familiar with the chaos model and its application to nuclear phenomena. 157 refs, 40 figs
Application of chaos and fractals to computer vision
Farmer, Michael E
This book provides a thorough investigation of the application of chaos theory and fractal analysis to computer vision. The field of chaos theory has been studied in dynamical physical systems, and has been very successful in providing computational models for very complex problems ranging from weather systems to neural pathway signal propagation. Computer vision researchers have derived motivation for their algorithms from biology and physics for many years as witnessed by the optical flow algorithm, the oscillator model underlying graphical cuts and of course neural networks. These algorithm
A "chaos" of Phanerozoic eustatic curves
Ruban, Dmitry A.
The knowledge of eustasy has changed during the past two decades. Although there is not any single global sea-level curve for the entire Phanerozoic, new curves have been proposed for all periods. For some geological time intervals, there are two and more alternative reconstructions, from which it is difficult to choose. A significant problem is the available eustatic curves are justified along different geological time scales (sometimes without proper explanations), which permits to correlate eustatic events with the possible error of 1-3 Ma. This degree of error permits to judge about only substage- or stage-order global sea-level changes. Close attention to two geological time slices, namely the late Cambrian (Epoch 3‒Furongian) and the Late Cretaceous, implies that only a few eustatic events (6 events in the case of the late Cambrian and 9 events in the case of the Late Cretaceous) appear on all available alternative curves for these periods, and different (even opposite) trends of eustatic fluctuations are shown on these curves. This reveals significant uncertainty in our knowledge of eustasy that restricts our ability to decipher factors responsible for regional transgressions and regressions and relative sea-level changes. A big problem is also inadequate awareness of the geological research community of the new eustatic developments. Generally, the situation with the development and the use of the Phanerozoic eustatic reconstructions seems to be "chaotic". The example of the shoreline shifts in Northern Africa during the Late Cretaceous demonstrates the far-going consequences of this situation. The practical recommendations to avoid this "chaos" are proposed. Particularly, these claim for good awareness of all eustatic developments, their critical discussion, and clear explanation of the employed geological time scale.
Protein intrinsic disorder in plants
Florencio ePazos; Natalia ePietrosemoli; García-Martín, Juan A.; Roberto eSolano
To some extent contradicting the classical paradigm of the relationship between protein 3D structure and function, now it is clear that large portions of the proteomes, especially in higher organisms, lack a fixed structure and still perform very important functions. Proteins completely or partially unstructured in their native (functional) form are involved in key cellular processes underlain by complex networks of protein interactions. The intrinsic conformational flexibility of these disor...
Chaos in the classroom: Exposing gifted elementary school children to chaos and fractals
Adams, Helen M.; Russ, John C.
A unit of study for gifted 4th and 5th graders is described on the subject of mathematical periodicity and chaos and the underlying physical processes which produce these phenomena. A variety of hands-on experiments and the use of various data analysis tools and computer aids provide students with powerful raw material for their analysis, interpretation, and understanding. The concepts of simple periodic motion (e.g., a pendulum), complex superposition of motions (e.g., the vibrations in musical instruments), and chaotic sequences (e.g., stock prices) are covered, with numerous practical examples. Opportunities to involve related activities emphasizing language arts, history, and graphic art are included. The student response to the material is documented.
Experimental observation of a chaos-to-chaos transition in laser droplet generation
Krese, Blaz; Govekar, Edvard
We examine the dynamics of laser droplet generation in dependence on the detachment pulse power. In the absence of the detachment pulse, undulating pendant droplets are formed at the end of a properly fed metal wire due to the impact of the primary laser pulse that induces melting. Eventually, these droplets detach, i.e. overcome the surface tension, because of their increasing mass. We show that this spontaneous dripping is deterministically chaotic by means of a positive largest Lyapunov exponent and a negative divergence. In the presence of the detachment pulse, however, the generation of droplets is fastened depending on the pulse power. At high powers, the spontaneity of dripping is completely overshadowed by the impact of the detachment pulse. Still, amplitude chaos can be detected, which similarly as the spontaneous dripping, is characterized by a positive largest Lyapunov exponent and a negative divergence, thus indicating that the observed dynamics is deterministically chaotic with an attractor as so...
A New Type of Cascading Synchronization for Halo-Chaos and Its Potential for Communication Applications
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
FANG Jin-Qing; YU Xing-Huo
@@ Study of beam halo-chaos has become a key issue of concern for many future important applications. Control of halo-chaos has been researched intensively. This is the first time that the synchronization of beam halo-chaos has been realized in this field so far. Two nonlinear feedback control methods are proposed for the cascading synchronizing halo-chaos in coupled lattices of a periodic focusing channel. The simulation results show that the methods are effective. The realization of the synchronization of beam halo-chaos is significant not only for halo-chaos control itself but also for halo-chaos-based secure communication which may become an innovative technique.
Decoherence: Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Environmental
Stamp, Philip
Environmental decoherence times have been difficult to predict in solid-state systems. In spin systems, environmental decoherence is predicted to arise from nuclear spins, spin-phonon interactions, and long-range dipolar interactions [1]. Recent experiments have confirmed these predictions quantitatively in crystals of Fe8 molecules [2]. Coherent spin dynamics was observed over macroscopic volumes, with a decoherence Q-factor Qφ= 1.5 x10^6 (the upper predicted limit in this system being Qφ= 6 x10^7). Decoherence from dipolar interactions is particularly complex, and depends on the shape and the quantum state of the system. No extrinsic ``noise'' decoherence was observed. The generalization to quantum dot and superconducting qubit systems is also discussed. We then discuss searches for ``intrinsic'' decoherence [3,4], coming from non-linear corrections to quantum mechanics. Particular attention is paid to condensed matter tests of such intrinsic decoherence, in hybrid spin/optomechanical systems, and to ways of distinguishing intrinsic decoherence from environmental and extrinsic decoherence sources. [4pt] [1] Morello, A. Stamp, P. C. E. & Tupitsyn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 207206 (2006).[0pt] [2] S. Takahashi et al., Nature 476, 76 (2011).[0pt] [3] Stamp, P. C. E., Stud. Hist. Phil. Mod. Phys. 37, 467 (2006). [0pt] [4] Stamp, P.C.E., Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A (to be published)
Role of nonlinear dynamics and chaos in applied sciences
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nonlinear dynamics manifests itself in a number of phenomena in both laboratory and day to day dealings. However, little attention was being paid to this dynamically rich field. With the advent of high speed computers with visual graphics, the field has proliferated over past few years. One of the most rewarding realization from nonlinear dynamics is the universally acclaimed field of chaos. Chaos has brought in order and has broken the disciplinary boundaries that existed until recently. With its universal phenomena, almost all disciplines following an evolutionary character can be treated on same footing. Chaotic dynamics has its grounding in the multidisciplinary field of synergetics founded by Professor Hermann Haken. In this report, we address some of the basics related to the field of chaos. We have discussed simple mechanisms for generating chaotic trajectories, ways and means of characterizing such systems and the manifestation of their signatures in the evolutions. We have mentioned the links of this field with other existing theories. We have outlined the topics on bifurcation and stability of dynamical systems. Information theoretic aspects and notions on fractal geometry are reviewed in the light of dynamical characterization of chaotic systems. Application oriented views of this novel dynamical phenomena are discussed through examples on simple nonlinear electronic circuits and a BWR reactor. Some ideas relating to control and synchronization in chaotic systems also addressed. In conclusion, we have explored the possibilities of exploiting nonlinear dynamics and chaos in the context of multidisciplinary character of BARC. (author)
Bifurcation and chaos in electromechanical drive systems with small motors
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Kratochvíl, Ctirad; Houfek, Lubomír; Houfek, Martin; Krejsa, Jiří
Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Katedry Mechaniki Stosowanej, 2008, s. 55-58. ISBN 978-83-60102-50-3. [12th International Seminar of Applied Mechanics. Wisla (PL), 13.06.2008-15.06.2008] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20760514 Keywords : drive system * bifurcation * chaos Subject RIV: JR - Other Machinery
Security problems with a chaos-based deniable authentication scheme
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Recently, a new scheme was proposed for deniable authentication. Its main originality lied on applying a chaos-based encryption-hash parallel algorithm and the semi-group property of the Chebyshev chaotic map. Although original and practicable, its insecurity and inefficiency are shown in this paper, thus rendering it inadequate for adoption in e-commerce
Predicting Storm Surges: Chaos, Computational Intelligence, Data Assimilation, Ensembles
Siek, M.B.L.A.
Accurate predictions of storm surge are of importance in many coastal areas. This book focuses on data-driven modelling using methods of nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory for predicting storm surges. A number of new enhancements are presented: phase space dimensionality reduction, incomplete time
Two-mode chaos and its synchronization properties
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Postnov, D E; Shishkin, A V; Sosnovtseva, Olga;
Using a simple model with bimodal dynamics, we investigate the intra- and inter-system entrainment of the two different time scales involved in the chaotic oscillations. The transition between mode-locked and mode-unlocked chaos is analyzed for a single system. For coupled oscillators, we...
Review of Stephen Arons's "Short Route to Chaos."
Glenn, Charles L.
"Short Route to Chaos" criticizes the Goals 2000 program, related educational reforms, and the agenda of the Religious Right from the viewpoint of the secular Left. Arons supports school choice, school and teacher independence from government regulation of instructional content, publicly funded schools, and equity in funding. (SLD)
Parametric resonance induced chaos in magnetic damped driven pendulum
Khomeriki, Giorgi
A damped driven pendulum with a magnetic driving force, appearing from a solenoid, where ac current flows is considered. The solenoid acts on the magnet, which is located at a free end of the pendulum. In this system the existence and interrelation of chaos and parametric resonance is theoretically examined. Derived analytical results are supported by numerical simulations and conducted experiments.
Bifurcations, Period doubling and chaos in clarinet-like systems
Maganza, Christian; Caussé, René; Laloë, Franck
Wind instruments provide interesting hydrodynamical systems where non-linearities are important but well localized. A simple analysis shows that these systems should undergo Feignebaum-type route to chaos, with a cascade of period doublings. Experiments have been performed fo confirm these predictions
Confidential Communication Through Chaos Encryption in Wireless Sensor Network
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
CHEN Shuai; ZHONG Xian-xin
A new byte block cipher algorithm with discrete chaos and Feistel structure has been studied for confidential communication in wireless sensor network to improve security. After permutation, the byte block was encrypted through a Feistel structure in multiple turns and afterwards replaced again. The child keys are the composite sequence of discrete chaos and linear congruence sequences. Both the plain text and cipher text are of 8 bits. The number of keys is alterable. A nonlinear encryption function in the Feistel structure with chaos was constructed. The cipher algorithm was realized in the Micaz node,and the confidential communication experiment in wireless sensor network was completed successfully. Additional ROM memory required for the cipher algorithm is 4144 bytes and an additional RAM memory 61 bytes. The cipher algorithm is nonlinear chaos and the Feistel structure holds the best of the RC6, DES and SKIPJACK cipher algorithms.The result shows that the algorithm needs a little memory and is safe at a high level.
Toward Therapeutic Autopoiesis: Chaos, Complexity, and Narrative Therapy.
Chen, Mei-whei
The paradigm of modern psychology has been the determinism of Newtonian physics. That model earns psychology status as a science yet tunnels it to a linear way of unraveling human functioning. Responding to demands for a more holistic approach to psychological practice, it is necessary to redefine the "self" and other terms. Chaos, complexity, and…
Constrained Quantum Mechanics: Chaos in Non-Planar Billiards
Salazar, R.; Tellez, G.
We illustrate some of the techniques to identify chaos signatures at the quantum level using as guiding examples some systems where a particle is constrained to move on a radial symmetric, but non-planar, surface. In particular, two systems are studied: the case of a cone with an arbitrary contour or "dunce hat billiard" and the rectangular…
Mode locking and spatiotemporal chaos in periodically driven Gunn diodes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mosekilde, Erik; Feldberg, Rasmus; Knudsen, Carsten; Hindsholm, Morten
oscillation entrains with the external signal. This produces a devil's staircase of frequency-locked solutions. At higher microwave amplitudes, period doubling and other forms of mode-converting bifurcations can be seen. In this interval the diode also exhibits spatiotemporal chaos. At still higher microwave...
Chaos in reversed-field-pinch plasma simulation and experiment
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We investigate the possibility that chaos and simple determinism are governing the dynamics of reversed-field-pinch (RFP) plasmas using data from both numerical simulations and experiment. A large repertoire of nonlinear-analysis techniques is used to identify low-dimensional chaos. These tools include phase portraits and Poincare sections, correlation dimension, the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents, and short-term predictability. In addition, nonlinear-noise-reduction techniques are applied to the experimental data in an attempt to extract any underlying deterministic dynamics. Two model systems are used to simulate the plasma dynamics. These are the DEBS computer code, which models global RFP dynamics, and the dissipative trapped-electron-mode model, which models drift-wave turbulence. Data from both simulations show strong indications of low-dimensional chaos and simple determinism. Experimental data were obtained from the Madison Symmetric Torus RFP and consist of a wide array of both global and local diagnostic signals. None of the signals shows any indication of low-dimensional chaos or other simple determinism. Moreover, most of the analysis tools indicate that the experimental system is very high dimensional with properties similar to noise. Nonlinear noise reduction is unsuccessful at extracting an underlying deterministic system
Nonequilibrium pattern formation and spatiotemporal chaos in fluid convection
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Michael Cross
The final report for grant number DE-FG03-98ER14891 summarizes the application of the unique simulation capabilities developed under DOE support to investigations of important issues in pattern formation and spatiotemporal chaos in Rayleigh-Benard convection, particularly emphasizing quantitative contact with the active experimental programs.
Stabilizing the Richardson eigenvector algorithm by controlling chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
By viewing the operations of the Richardson purification algorithm as a discrete time dynamical process, we propose a method to overcome the instability of this eigenvector algorithm by controlling chaos. We present theoretical analysis and numerical results on the behavior and performance of the stabilized algorithm. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics
Cryptanalyzing a discrete-time chaos synchronization secure communication system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper describes the security weakness of a recently proposed secure communication method based on discrete-time chaos synchronization. We show that the security is compromised even without precise knowledge of the chaotic system used. We also make many suggestions to improve its security in future versions
Does the transition to chaos determine the dynamic aperture?
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
We review the important notion of the dynamic aperture of a storage ring with emphasis on its relation to general ideas of dynamical instability, notably the transition to chaos. Practical approaches to the problem are compared. We suggest a somewhat novel quantitative guide to the old problem of choosing machine tunes based on a heuristic blend of KAM theory and resonance selection rules
Suppressing Spatiotemporal Chaos via Non-feedback Pinning Method
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
WU Shun-Guang; SANG Hai-Bo; HE Kai-Fen
The spatiotemporal chaos in the system described by a one-dimensional nonlinear drift-wave equation is suppressed by the non-feedback pinning method. By adding additive external noise to the controlled state, we find that the deviation from the target spacetime pattern increases in a power law with noise intensity. The possible controlling mechanism is discussed.
High precision module for Chaos Many-Body Engine
Grossu, I V; Felea, D; Jipa, Al
In this paper we present a C# high precision relativistic many-body module integrated with Chaos Many-Body Engine. As a direct application, we used it for estimating the butterfly effect involved by the gravitational force in a specific nuclear relativistic collision toy-model.
Integrability and Quantum Chaos in Spin Glass Shards
Georgeot, B.; Shepelyansky, D. L.
We study spin glass clusters ("shards") in a random transverse magnetic field, and determine the regime where quantum chaos and random matrix level statistics emerge from the integrable limits of weak and strong field. Relations with quantum phase transition are also discussed.
BOOK REVIEW: Chaos: A Very Short Introduction
Klages, R.
This book is a new volume of a series designed to introduce the curious reader to anything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very handy in pocket size, Chaos promises an introduction to fundamental concepts of nonlinear science by using mathematics that is `no more complicated than X=2. Anyone who ever tried to give a popular science account of research knows that this is a more challenging task than writing an ordinary research article. Lenny Smith brilliantly succeeds to explain in words, in pictures and by using intuitive models the essence of mathematical dynamical systems theory and time series analysis as it applies to the modern world. In a more technical part he introduces the basic terms of nonlinear theory by means of simple mappings. He masterly embeds this analysis into the social, historical and cultural context by using numerous examples, from poems and paintings over chess and rabbits to Olbers' paradox, card games and `phynance'. Fundamental problems of the modelling of nonlinear systems like the weather, sun spots or golf balls falling through an array of nails are discussed from the point of view of mathematics, physics and statistics by touching upon philosophical issues. At variance with Laplace's demon, Smith's 21st century demon makes `real world' observations only with limited precision. This poses a severe problem to predictions derived from complex chaotic models, where small variations of initial conditions typically yield totally different outcomes. As Smith argues, this difficulty has direct implications on decision-making in everyday modern life. However, it also asks for an inherently probabilistic theory, which somewhat reminds us of what we are used to in the microworld. There is little to criticise in this nice little book except that some figures are of poor quality thus not really reflecting the beauty of fractals and other wonderful objects in this field. I feel that occasionally the book
vs. a polynomial chaos-based MCMC
Siripatana, Adil
Bayesian Inference of Manning\\'s n coefficient in a Storm Surge Model Framework: comparison between Kalman lter and polynomial based method Adil Siripatana Conventional coastal ocean models solve the shallow water equations, which describe the conservation of mass and momentum when the horizontal length scale is much greater than the vertical length scale. In this case vertical pressure gradients in the momentum equations are nearly hydrostatic. The outputs of coastal ocean models are thus sensitive to the bottom stress terms de ned through the formulation of Manning\\'s n coefficients. This thesis considers the Bayesian inference problem of the Manning\\'s n coefficient in the context of storm surge based on the coastal ocean ADCIRC model. In the first part of the thesis, we apply an ensemble-based Kalman filter, the singular evolutive interpolated Kalman (SEIK) filter to estimate both a constant Manning\\'s n coefficient and a 2-D parameterized Manning\\'s coefficient on one ideal and one of more realistic domain using observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs). We study the sensitivity of the system to the ensemble size. we also access the benefits from using an in ation factor on the filter performance. To study the limitation of the Guassian restricted assumption on the SEIK lter, 5 we also implemented in the second part of this thesis a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method based on a Generalized Polynomial chaos (gPc) approach for the estimation of the 1-D and 2-D Mannning\\'s n coe cient. The gPc is used to build a surrogate model that imitate the ADCIRC model in order to make the computational cost of implementing the MCMC with the ADCIRC model reasonable. We evaluate the performance of the MCMC-gPc approach and study its robustness to di erent OSSEs scenario. we also compare its estimates with those resulting from SEIK in term of parameter estimates and full distributions. we present a full analysis of the solution of these two methods, of the
The GAIA Hypothesis and Chaos in Daisyworld.
Flynn, Cathal Michael
To correctly model the climate it is necessary to include the effects of the biosphere. The Gaia hypothesis claims that the earth's living matter, air, oceans, and land form a complex system which has the capacity to regulate the earth's climate. A model developed by Lovelock and Watson to demonstrate the Gaia hypothesis is explained and the results of their work are reviewed. Only steady state behavior is observed in the Daisyworld model. The work of Zeng et al. on the presence of chaos in Daisyworld is reviewed as an introduction to our own work. The presence of oscillatory and even chaotic behavior in this Daisyworld model brings into question the Gaia hypothesis. We develop a model of two-dimensional crystal growth called Crystalworld. The Crystalworld model is similar to the Daisyworld model in that there is a coupling between the growing entities and their environment via temperature. The results of this model are similar to that of the Daisyworld model. We present the results of another modified model of Daisyworld which we developed. This modified model takes into account the finite response time of the daisies to changes in the planet's climatic conditions. With a generation time introduced into the model equations, while retaining the differential equation format, it is found that the system can show oscillatory and chaotic behavior. These results show that any climate-biosphere model must contain a time delay and that such a time delay leads to behavior which contradicts the Gaia hypothesis. In order to determine the effects of introducing more species we develop a model with two species of daisies and a parasite species. For this Parasite-Daisyworld model steady state, periodic and chaotic behavior is found. A comparison between the results of this model and that of Zeng et al. is made. The results of the Parasite-Daisyworld model show that increasing the number of species does not lead to increased regulation. This contradicts the Gaia hypothesis and
NASA's Spitzer and Hubble Space Telescopes have teamed up to expose the chaos that baby stars are creating 1,500 light-years away in a cosmic cloud called the Orion nebula. This striking infrared and visible-light composite indicates that four monstrously massive stars at the center of the cloud may be the main culprits in the familiar Orion constellation. The stars are collectively called the 'Trapezium.' Their community can be identified as the yellow smudge near the center of the image. Swirls of green in Hubble's ultraviolet and visible-light view reveal hydrogen and sulfur gas that have been heated and ionized by intense ultraviolet radiation from the Trapezium's stars. Meanwhile, Spitzer's infrared view exposes carbon-rich molecules called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the cloud. These organic molecules have been illuminated by the Trapezium's stars, and are shown in the composite as wisps of red and orange. On Earth, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are found on burnt toast and in automobile exhaust. Together, the telescopes expose the stars in Orion as a rainbow of dots sprinkled throughout the image. Orange-yellow dots revealed by Spitzer are actually infant stars deeply embedded in a cocoon of dust and gas. Hubble showed less embedded stars as specks of green, and foreground stars as blue spots. Stellar winds from clusters of newborn stars scattered throughout the cloud etched all of the well-defined ridges and cavities in Orion. The large cavity near the right of the image was most likely carved by winds from the Trapezium's stars. Located 1,500 light-years away from Earth, the Orion nebula is the brightest spot in the sword of the Orion, or the 'Hunter' constellation. The cosmic cloud is also our closest massive star-formation factory, and astronomers believe it contains more than 1,000 young stars. The Orion constellation is a familiar sight in the fall and winter night sky in the northern hemisphere. The nebula is invisible to the unaided eye
Job Assignments, Intrinsic Motivation and Explicit Incentives
Nafziger, Julia
This paper considers the interplay of job assignments with the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of an agent. Job assignments influence the self confidence of the agent, and thereby his intrinsic motivation. Monetary reward allow the principal to complement intrinsic motivation with extrinsic incentives. The main result is that the principal chooses an inefficient job assignment rule to enhance the agent's intrinsic motivation even though she can motivate him with monetary rewards. This show...
Chaos theory and its application in the atmosphere
Zeng, Xubin
Chaos theory, including the bifurcation and route to turbulence, and the characterization of chaos, is thoroughly reviewed. A practical method without adjustable free parameters was developed to compute the Lyapunov-exponent spectrum from short time series of low precision. The application of chaos is divided into three categories: observational data analysis, new ideas or insights inspired by chaos, and numerical model output analysis. Corresponding with these categories, three subjects are studied. First, the fractal dimension, Lyapunov-exponent spectrum, Kolmogorov entropy, and predictability are quantitatively evaluated from observed daily data of surface temperature and pressure over regions of different climate signal/noise ratios. No low-dimensional attractors can be obtained from these observational data. The error-doubling time is 2 to 8 days at different locations. Second, chaos in daisyworld, which is an idealized ecosystem/atmosphere interactive model, was studied. Periodic and chaotic states are found when the parameter controlling the feedback between biota and their environment is changed. This raises important questions regarding the validity and interpretation of the Gaia hypothesis. Finally, two-and three-dimensional mesoscale and large-eddy simulations are performed to study in detail the initial adjustment process and error growth dynamics of surface thermally-induced circulations, including the sensitivity to initial and boundary conditions as well as to model parameters. The predictability as a function of the size of surface heat patches under calm synoptic wind is quantitatively evaluated. Two-and three-dimensional simulations yield close or similar results regarding the predictability. The predictability and the coherent circulations modulated by the surface inhomogeneities are also studied by computing the autocorrelations and power spectra. A low (less than 5)-dimensional attractor is obtained from the model output. Possible physical
The butterfly and the tornado: chaos theory and climate change
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this book, the author addresses two topics: the theory of chaos, and climate change. The first chapters propose a prehistory and history of chaos, from Newton, Laplace and Lorenz and their controversies as far as prehistory of chaos is concerned, and with different works performed during the twentieth century (Hadamard, Birkhoff, van der Pol, and so on, until Lorenz, the MIT meteorologist and the discovery of the Butterfly Effect, and more recent works by Yorke and Feigenbaum about the logistic equation and the transition to chaos) as far as recent history is concerned. The next chapter describes the deterministic chaos by introducing non linear dynamic systems and distinguishing three regimes: steady, periodic or chaotic. The second part addresses climate change, outlines that global warming is a reality, that the main origin is the increase of greenhouse effect, and that CO2 emissions related to human activity are the main origin of this additional greenhouse effect. The author notably recalls the controversy about the analysis of the global average temperature curve, discusses the assessment of average temperatures from a statistical point of view and in relationship with the uneven distribution of survey stations. The last chapter discusses the numerical modelling of time and climate, and the validity of the Butterfly Effect. The author also proposes a brief overview of the IPCC, discusses the emergence of an international climate policy (UN convention, Kyoto protocol), evokes the use of game theory to ensure a convergence of treaties, and analyses the economic situation of several countries (including Spain) since the Kyoto protocol
The coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-chromosome models of archaic Greek colonization of the western Mediterranean
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Novelletto Andrea
Full Text Available Abstract Background The process of Greek colonization of the central and western Mediterranean during the Archaic and Classical Eras has been understudied from the perspective of population genetics. To investigate the Y chromosomal demography of Greek colonization in the western Mediterranean, Y-chromosome data consisting of 29 YSNPs and 37 YSTRs were compared from 51 subjects from Provence, 58 subjects from Smyrna and 31 subjects whose paternal ancestry derives from Asia Minor Phokaia, the ancestral embarkation port to the 6th century BCE Greek colonies of Massalia (Marseilles and Alalie (Aleria, Corsica. Results 19% of the Phokaian and 12% of the Smyrnian representatives were derived for haplogroup E-V13, characteristic of the Greek and Balkan mainland, while 4% of the Provencal, 4.6% of East Corsican and 1.6% of West Corsican samples were derived for E-V13. An admixture analysis estimated that 17% of the Y-chromosomes of Provence may be attributed to Greek colonization. Using the following putative Neolithic Anatolian lineages: J2a-DYS445 = 6, G2a-M406 and J2a1b1-M92, the data predict a 0% Neolithic contribution to Provence from Anatolia. Estimates of colonial Greek vs. indigenous Celto-Ligurian demography predict a maximum of a 10% Greek contribution, suggesting a Greek male elite-dominant input into the Iron Age Provence population. Conclusions Given the origin of viniculture in Provence is ascribed to Massalia, these results suggest that E-V13 may trace the demographic and socio-cultural impact of Greek colonization in Mediterranean Europe, a contribution that appears to be considerably larger than that of a Neolithic pioneer colonization.
Construction of a Geographical Database of Classical-Archaic Manufactures, Found in the Survey of the Greek Colony Himera (sicily, Italy). Application and Methodologies for AN Experimental Research
Papa, M. A.; Tardo, V.
This research has analysed the distribution of ceramic finds from classical and archaic ages in the territory of the ancient Greek colony Himera, a town situated near Termini Imerese, in the province of Palermo (Sicily, Italy), which has been the site of systematic excavations carried out by the University of Palermo since the Sixties. The study of about 1500 ceramic fragments, dated back to the 6th-5th century B.C., has allowed to develop an approach to the understanding of the role played by ceramics in the relations between different societies and cultures. Besides the most common analysis factors for the ceramic manufactures, such as their production and distribution, a major factor is the way the manufactures were used. From this wider perspective, a new methodology has been developed about information potential of functional analysis. The interpretation of data about the manufacture distribution was made by means of GIS methodologies, querying the alphanumerical classification database and relating the manufacture typological data to the geo-cartographic ones by means of applying intersite-level spatial analysis. Thus, each archaeological piece of information about the finds can be analysed in relation to the territory geo-morphological features and the obtained data can be processed with specific software environments, in order to suggest reconstruction models for the anthropic landscape, based on the relation between coeval sites and distance from specific environment features — for example, distance from water sources, raw materials, road condition etc. The computer application used for data handling, presentation and analysis, becomes this way a tool of research aimed at the comprehension of settlement dynamics in the historical scenery. This study is the occasion to propose such an analysis system of cultural heritage as a new tool to promote it and to increase its value, applying a territorial context related methodology founded on scientific evidence.
Observer-based chaos synchronization and its application to multi-valued alphabet chaos shift keying secure encryption
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Čelikovský, Sergej; Lynnyk, Volodymyr
Bali: ASCC, 2006. s. 76-77. ISBN 979-15017-0. [Asian Control Conference ASCC 2006 /6./. 18.07.2006-21.07.2006, Bali] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA102/05/0011 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : nonlinear observer * chaos synchronization * secure encryption Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory
Observer-based chaos synchronization and its application to multi-valued alphabet chaos shift keying secure encryption
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Čelikovský, Sergej; Lynnyk, Volodymyr
Bali: ASCC, 2006, s. 52-57. ISBN 979-15017-0. [Asian Control Conference ASCC 2006 /6./. Bali (ID), 18.07.2006-21.07.2006] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA102/05/0011 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : nonlinear observer * chaos synchronization * secure encryption Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory
Intrinsic stability of technical superconductors
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For the operation of technical superconductors under high current density conditions, the superconducting wires composing high current cables should be intrinsically stabilized. In this report the various important stability criteria are derived and investigated on their validity. An experimental set up is made to check the occurrence of magnetic instabilities if the different applicable criteria are violated. It is found that the observed instabilities can be predicted on the basis of the model given in this report. Production of high current cables based upon composites made by the ECN technique seems to be possible. (Auth.)
Images de la statuaire archaïque dans les Aitia de Callimaque Archaic Sculpture in Callimachus' Aitia Immagini della statuaria arcaica negli Aitia di Callimaco
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Évelyne Prioux
Full Text Available Plusieurs élégies rassemblées dans les Aitia de Callimaque s'attachent à expliquer les origines de tel ou tel culte ou d'une iconographie inattendue dont le temps a pu obscurcir la signification. Le recueil de Callimaque constitue ainsi un témoignage précieux sur la statuaire archaïque et sur sa réception auprès des érudits de l'époque hellénistique. Le présent article cherche à expliquer les choix opérés par Callimaque au sein de cette présentation de l'art archaïque : loin d'être disposées sans ordre, les notices rassemblées par Callimaque obéissent à des logiques de sélection et de classement que le lecteur moderne peut encore deviner. Par delà l'apparent désordre des fragments d'ecphraseis livrés par les découvertes papyrologiques, on perçoit que les poèmes que Callimaque a consacrés aux origines de la statuaire formaient probablement un tout signifiant. Le discours sur les statues sert ainsi de support à l'expression de positions éthiques, esthétiques et politiques : des images archaïques, telles que l'Apollon délien de Tectaios et d'Angélion ou une Héra de Samos, sont par exemple relues et réinterprétées dans l'intention d'inventer un passé susceptible de justifier les innovations politiques de la cour alexandrine et de les ancrer dans des interprétations iconographiques que le poète invente peut-être, bien qu'il feigne de les tirer de l'oubli. Pour ce faire, il applique aux images archaïques des techniques d'analyse allégorique qui sont sans doute directement inspirées par l'exégèse du texte homérique.Several fragmentary elegies of Callimachus' Aitia were meant to explain the origins of a given cult or of a strange iconography whose meaning had been obscured by the passing of time. The Aitia are thus a very important source on archaic sculpture and on its reception in Hellenistic times. This paper attempts to explain how Callimachus selected the statues that
Presymplectic structures and intrinsic Lagrangians
Grigoriev, Maxim
It is well-known that a Lagrangian induces a compatible presymplectic form on the equation manifold (stationary surface, understood as a submanifold of the respective jet-space). Given an equation manifold and a compatible presymplectic form therein, we define the first-order Lagrangian system which is formulated in terms of the intrinsic geometry of the equation manifold. It has a structure of a presymplectic AKSZ sigma model for which the equation manifold, equipped with the presymplectic form and the horizontal differential, serves as the target space. For a wide class of systems (but not all) we show that if the presymplectic structure originates from a given Lagrangian, the proposed first-order Lagrangian is equivalent to the initial one and hence the Lagrangian per se can be entirely encoded in terms of the intrinsic geometry of its stationary surface. If the compatible presymplectic structure is generic, the proposed Lagrangian is only a partial one in the sense that its stationary surface contains the...
Intrinsic Alignments in the Illustris Simulation
Hilbert, Stefan; Schneider, Peter; Springel, Volker; Vogelsberger, Mark; Hernquist, Lars
We study intrinsic alignments (IA) of galaxy image shapes within the Illustris cosmic structure formation simulations. We investigate how IA correlations depend on observable galaxy properties such as stellar mass, apparent magnitude, redshift, and photometric type, and on the employed shape measurement method. The correlations considered include the matter density-intrinsic ellipticity (mI), galaxy density-intrinsic ellipticity (dI), gravitational shear-intrinsic ellipticity (GI), and intrinsic ellipticity-intrinsic ellipticity (II) correlations. We find stronger correlations for more massive and more luminous galaxies, as well as for earlier photometric types, in agreement with observations. Moreover, shape measurement methods that down-weight the outer parts of galaxy images produce much weaker IA signals on intermediate and large scales than methods employing flat radial weights. Thus, the expected contribution of intrinsic alignments to the observed ellipticity correlation in tomographic cosmic shear sur...
Microscopic dynamics of plasmas and chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Some of the key intellectual foundations of plasma physics are in danger of becoming a lost art. Fortunately, however, this threat recedes with the publication of this valuable book. It renders accessible those aspects of theoretical plasma physics that are best approached from the perspectives of classical mechanics, in both its early nineteenth century and late twentieth century manifestations. Half a century has elapsed since the publication of seminal papers such as those by Bohm and Pines (1951), van Kampen (1955), and Bernstein, Greene and Kruskal (1957). These papers served to address a fundamental question of physics - namely the relation between degrees of freedom that exist at the individual particle level of description, and those that exist at the collective level - in the plasma context. The authors of the present book have played a major role in the investigation of this question from an N-body standpoint, which can be divided into two linked themes. First, those topics that can be illuminated by analytical methods that lie in the tradition of classical mechanics that stretches back to Lagrange, Legendre and Hamilton. Second, those topics that benefit from the insights developed following the redevelopment of classical mechanics in relation to chaos theory in the 1980s and subsequently. The working plasma physicist who wishes to dig more deeply in this field is faced at present with a number of challenges. These may include a perception that this subfield is of limited relevance to mission-oriented questions of plasma performance; a perception of the research literature as being self-contained and inaccessible; and, linked to this, unfamiliarity with the mathematical tools. The latter problem is particularly pressing, given the limited coverage of classical mechanics in many undergraduate physics courses. The book by Elskens and Escande meets many of the challenges outlined above. The rewards begin early, by the end of the second chapter, with
Intrinsic Instability of Coronal Streamers
Chen, Y; Song, H Q; Shi, Q Q; Feng, S W; Xia, L D; 10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1936
Plasma blobs are observed to be weak density enhancements as radially stretched structures emerging from the cusps of quiescent coronal streamers. In this paper, it is suggested that the formation of blobs is a consequence of an intrinsic instability of coronal streamers occurring at a very localized region around the cusp. The evolutionary process of the instability, as revealed in our calculations, can be described as follows: (1) through the localized cusp region where the field is too weak to sustain the confinement, plasmas expand and stretch the closed field lines radially outward as a result of the freezing-in effect of plasma-magnetic field coupling; the expansion brings a strong velocity gradient into the slow wind regime providing the free energy necessary for the onset of a subsequent magnetohydrodynamic instability; (2) the instability manifests itself mainly as mixed streaming sausage-kink modes, the former results in pinches of elongated magnetic loops to provoke reconnections at one or many loc...
Chaos and maps in relativistic rynamical systems
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
L. P. Horwitz
Full Text Available The basic work of Zaslavskii et al showed that the classical non-relativistic electromagnetically kicked oscillator can be cast into the form of an iterative map on the phase space; the resulting evolution contains a stochastic flow to unbounded energy. Subsequent studies have formulated the problem in terms of a relativistic charged particle in interaction with the electromagnetic field. We review the structure of the covariant Lorentz force used to study this problem. We show that the Lorentz force equation can be derived as well from the manifestly covariant mechanics of Stueckelberg in the presence of a standard Maxwell field, establishing a connection between these equations and mass shell constraints. We argue that these relativistic generalizations of the problem are intrinsically inaccurate due to an inconsistency in the structure of the relativistic Lorentz force, and show that a reformulation of the relativistic problem, permitting variations (classically in both the particle mass and the effective "mass" of the interacting electromagnetic field, provides a consistent system of classical equations for describing such processes.
Controlling chaos system by using adaptive fuzzy method based on terminal attractor
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An adaptive fuzzy method with terminal attractor based on input-output linearization for a class of uncertain chaos systems is presented. It controls the strong nonlinear chaos systems validly and rapidly for introducing the concept of terminal attractors that has the properties of stability and fast convergence. Global stability of the controller is established. Two kinds of chaos systems are controlled by using this approach. The results of simulation demonstrate the validity and rapidity of the method
Efficient chaos shift keying method based on the second error derivative anti-synchronization detection
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Čelikovský, Sergej; Lynnyk, Volodymyr
Vol. Library Catalog Number: CFP09537-CDR. Christchurch: IEEE, 2009, s. 530-535. ISBN 978-1-4244-4707-7. [Seventh IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation. Christchurch (NZ), 09.12.2009-11.12.2009] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA102/08/0186 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : chaos shift keying * chaos synchronization * efficient chaos Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory
Enhanced tracer transport by the spiral defect chaos state of a convecting fluid
Chiam, K.-H.; Cross, M. C.; Greenside, H. S.; Fischer, P. F.
To understand how spatiotemporal chaos may modify material transport, we use direct numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Boussinesq equations and of an advection-diffusion equation to study the transport of a passive tracer by the spiral defect chaos state of a convecting fluid. The simulations show that the transport is diffusive and is enhanced by the spatiotemporal chaos. The enhancement in tracer diffusivity follows two regimes. For large Peclet numbers (that is, small molecular...
Recursive proportional feedback and its use to control chaos in an electrochemical system
Rollins, R W; Sherard, P; Dewald, H D
The recursive proportional feedback (RPF) algorithm for controlling chaos is described and applied to control chemical chaos observed during the electrodissolution of a rotating copper disk in a sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer. Experimental evidence is presented to indicate why the RPF method was used and the theoretical robustness of the algorithm is discussed. (This paper appears in the "Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS," World Scientific Press, River Ridge, NJ, 1995)
The design and research of anti-color-noise chaos M-ary communication system
Yongqing Fu; Xingyuan Li; Yanan Li; Lin Zhang
Previously a novel chaos M-ary digital communication method based on spatiotemporal chaos Hamilton oscillator has been proposed. Without chaos synchronization circumstance, it has performance improvement in bandwidth efficiency, transmission efficiency and anti-white-noise performance compared with traditional communication method. In this paper, the channel noise influence on chaotic modulation signals and the construction problem of anti-color-noise chaotic M-ary communication system are st...
Comparative study of variational chaos indicators and ODEs' numerical integrators
Darriba, Luciano A; Cincotta, Pablo M; Giordano, Claudia M
The reader can find in the literature a lot of different techniques to study the dynamics of a given system and also, many suitable numerical integrators to compute them. Notwithstanding the recent work of Maffione et al. (2011a) for mappings, a detailed comparison among the widespread indicators of chaos in a general system is still lacking. Such a comparison could lead to select the most efficient algorithms given a certain dynamical problem. Furthermore, in order to choose the appropriate numerical integrators to compute them, more comparative studies among numerical integrators are also needed. This work deals with both problems. We first extend the work of Maffione et al. (2011) for mappings to the 2D H\\'enon & Heiles (1964) potential, and compare several variational indicators of chaos: the Lyapunov Indicator (LI); the Mean Exponential Growth Factor of Nearby Orbits (MEGNO); the Smaller Alignment Index (SALI) and its generalized version, the Generalized Alignment Index (GALI); the Fast Lyapunov Indi...
Chaos control and taming of turbulence in plasma devices
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Klinger, T.; Schröder, C.; Block, D.;
Chaos and turbulence are often considered as troublesome features of plasma devices. In the general framework of nonlinear dynamical systems, a number of strategies have been developed to achieve active control over complex temporal or spatio-temporal behavior. Many of these techniques apply to...... plasma instabilities. In the present paper we discuss recent progress in chaos control and taming of turbulence in three different plasma "model" experiments: (1) Chaotic oscillations in simple plasma diodes, (2) ionization wave turbulence in the positive column of glow discharges, and (3) drift wave...... turbulence in a magnetized plasma column. Depending on the physical mechanism of the specific instability in each case, an appropriate control strategy is chosen out of a variety of different approaches; in particular discrete feedback, continuous feedback, or spatio-temporal open-loop synchronization...
From Hamiltonian chaos to complex systems a nonlinear physics approach
Leonetti, Marc
From Hamiltonian Chaos to Complex Systems: A Nonlinear Physics Approach collects contributions on recent developments in non-linear dynamics and statistical physics with an emphasis on complex systems. This book provides a wide range of state-of-the-art research in these fields. The unifying aspect of this book is a demonstration of how similar tools coming from dynamical systems, nonlinear physics, and statistical dynamics can lead to a large panorama of research in various fields of physics and beyond, most notably with the perspective of application in complex systems. This book also: Illustrates the broad research influence of tools coming from dynamical systems, nonlinear physics, and statistical dynamics Adopts a pedagogic approach to facilitate understanding by non-specialists and students Presents applications in complex systems Includes 150 illustrations From Hamiltonian Chaos to Complex Systems: A Nonlinear Physics Approach is an ideal book for graduate students and researchers working in applied...
An efficient diffusion approach for chaos-based image encryption
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
One of the existing chaos-based image cryptosystems is composed of alternative substitution and diffusion stages. A multi-dimensional chaotic map is usually employed in the substitution stage for image pixel permutation while a one-dimensional (1D) chaotic map is used for diffusion purpose. As the latter usually involves real number arithmetic operations, the overall encryption speed is limited by the diffusion stage. In this paper, we propose a more efficient diffusion mechanism using simple table lookup and swapping techniques as a light-weight replacement of the 1D chaotic map iteration. Simulation results show that at a similar security level, the proposed cryptosystem needs about one-third the encryption time of a similar cryptosystem. The effective acceleration of chaos-based image cryptosystems is thus achieved.
Polynomial chaos expansion with random and fuzzy variables
Jacquelin, E.; Friswell, M. I.; Adhikari, S.; Dessombz, O.; Sinou, J.-J.
A dynamical uncertain system is studied in this paper. Two kinds of uncertainties are addressed, where the uncertain parameters are described through random variables and/or fuzzy variables. A general framework is proposed to deal with both kinds of uncertainty using a polynomial chaos expansion (PCE). It is shown that fuzzy variables may be expanded in terms of polynomial chaos when Legendre polynomials are used. The components of the PCE are a solution of an equation that does not depend on the nature of uncertainty. Once this equation is solved, the post-processing of the data gives the moments of the random response when the uncertainties are random or gives the response interval when the variables are fuzzy. With the PCE approach, it is also possible to deal with mixed uncertainty, when some parameters are random and others are fuzzy. The results provide a fuzzy description of the response statistical moments.
Nonlinear Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Chaos in Semiconductors
Schöll, Eckehard
Nonlinear transport phenomena are an increasingly important aspect of modern semiconductor research. This volume deals with complex nonlinear dynamics, pattern formation, and chaotic behavior in such systems. It bridges the gap between two well-established fields: the theory of dynamic systems and nonlinear charge transport in semiconductors. This unified approach helps reveal important electronic transport instabilities. The initial chapters lay a general framework for the theoretical description of nonlinear self-organized spatio-temporal patterns, such as current filaments, field domains, fronts, and analysis of their stability. Later chapters consider important model systems in detail: impact ionization induced impurity breakdown, Hall instabilities, superlattices, and low-dimensional structures. State-of-the-art results include chaos control, spatio-temporal chaos, multistability, pattern selection, activator-inhibitor kinetics, and global coupling, linking fundamental issues to electronic device applications. This book will be of great value to semiconductor physicists and nonlinear scientists alike.
Riemannian theory of Hamiltonian chaos and Lyapunov exponents
Casetti, L; Pettini, M; Casetti, Lapo; Clementi, Cecilia; Pettini, Marco
This paper deals with the problem of analytically computing the largest Lyapunov exponent for many degrees of freedom Hamiltonian systems. This aim is succesfully reached within a theoretical framework that makes use of a geometrization of newtonian dynamics in the language of Riemannian geometry. A new point of view about the origin of chaos in these systems is obtained independently of homoclinic intersections. Chaos is here related to curvature fluctuations of the manifolds whose geodesics are natural motions and is described by means of Jacobi equation for geodesic spread. Under general conditions ane effective stability equation is derived; an analytic formula for the growth-rate of its solutions is worked out and applied to the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam beta model and to a chain of coupled rotators. An excellent agreement is found the theoretical prediction and the values of the Lyapunov exponent obtained by numerical simulations for both models.
Deterministic chaos at the ocean surface: applications and interpretations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. J. Palmer
Full Text Available Ocean surface, grazing-angle radar backscatter data from two separate experiments, one of which provided coincident time series of measured surface winds, were found to exhibit signatures of deterministic chaos. Evidence is presented that the lowest dimensional underlying dynamical system responsible for the radar backscatter chaos is that which governs the surface wind turbulence. Block-averaging time was found to be an important parameter for determining the degree of determinism in the data as measured by the correlation dimension, and by the performance of an artificial neural network in retrieving wind and stress from the radar returns, and in radar detection of an ocean internal wave. The correlation dimensions are lowered and the performance of the deterministic retrieval and detection algorithms are improved by averaging out the higher dimensional surface wave variability in the radar returns.
Shilnikov sense chaos in a simple three-dimensional system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The Shilnikov sense Smale horseshoe chaos in a simple 3D nonlinear system is studied. The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is improved by introducing the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities into the governing equations. For the discussion of chaos, the bifurcate parameter value is selected in a reasonable regime at the requirement of the Shilnikov theorem. The analytic expression of the Shilnikov type homoclinic orbit is accomplished. It depends on the series form of the manifolds surrounding the saddle-focus equilibrium. Then the methodology is extended to research the dynamical behaviours of the simplified solar-wind-driven-magnetosphere-ionosphere system. As is illustrated, the Lyapunov characteristic exponent spectra of the two systems indicate the existence of chaotic attractor under some specific parameter conditions
Quantum mechanics with chaos correspondence principle, measurement and complexity
Kirilyuk, A P
The true dynamical randomness is obtained as a natural fundamental property of deterministic quantum systems. It provides quantum chaos passing to the classical dynamical chaos under the ordinary semiclassical transition, which extends the correspondence principle to chaotic systems. In return one should accept the modified form of quantum formalism (exemplified by the Schrodinger equation) which, however, does not contradict the ordinary form, and the main postulates, of quantum mechanics. It introduces the principle of the fundamental dynamic multivaluedness extending the quantum paradigm to complex dynamical behaviour. Moreover, a causal solution to the well-known problems of the foundations of quantum mechanics, those of quantum indeterminacy and wave reduction, is also found using the same method. The concept of the fundamental dynamic uncertainty thus established is universal in character and provides a unified scheme of the complete description of arbitrary complex system of any origin. This scheme inc...
Climate predictions: the chaos and complexity in climate models
Mihailović, Dragutin T; Arsenić, Ilija
Some issues which are relevant for the recent state in climate modeling have been considered. A detailed overview of literature related to this subject is given. The concept in modeling of climate, as a complex system, seen through Godel's Theorem and Rosen's definition of complexity and predictability is discussed. It is pointed out to occurrence of chaos in computing the environmental interface temperature from the energy balance equation given in a difference form. A coupled system of equations, often used in climate models is analyzed. It is shown that the Lyapunov exponent mostly has positive values allowing presence of chaos in this systems. The horizontal energy exchange between environmental interfaces, which is described by the dynamics of driven coupled oscillators, is analyzed. Their behavior and synchronization, when a perturbation is introduced in the system, as a function of the coupling parameters, the logistic parameter and the parameter of exchange, was studied calculating the Lyapunov expone...
Asymptotic chaos expansions in finance theory and practice
Nicolay, David
Stochastic instantaneous volatility models such as Heston, SABR or SV-LMM have mostly been developed to control the shape and joint dynamics of the implied volatility surface. In principle, they are well suited for pricing and hedging vanilla and exotic options, for relative value strategies or for risk management. In practice however, most SV models lack a closed form valuation for European options. This book presents the recently developed Asymptotic Chaos Expansions methodology (ACE) which addresses that issue. Indeed its generic algorithm provides, for any regular SV model, the pure asymptotes at any order for both the static and dynamic maps of the implied volatility surface. Furthermore, ACE is programmable and can complement other approximation methods. Hence it allows a systematic approach to designing, parameterising, calibrating and exploiting SV models, typically for Vega hedging or American Monte-Carlo. Asymptotic Chaos Expansions in Finance illustrates the ACE approach for single underlyings (suc...
Hypersensitivity and chaos signatures in the quantum baker's maps
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Classical chaotic systems are distinguished by their sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The absence of this property in quantum systems has led to a number of proposals for perturbation-based characterizations of quantum chaos, including linear growth of entropy, exponential decay of fidelity, and hypersensitivity to perturbation. All of these accurately predict chaos in the classical limit, but it is not clear that they behave the same far from the classical realm. We investigate the dynamics of a family of quantizations of the baker's map, which range from a highly entangling unitary transformation to an essentially trivial shift map. Linear entropy growth and fidelity decay are exhibited by this entire family of maps, but hypersensitivity distinguishes between the simple dynamics of the trivial shift map and the more complicated dynamics of the other quantizations. This conclusion is supported by an analytical argument for short times and numerical evidence at later times
Hypersensitivity and chaos signatures in the quantum baker's maps
Scott, A J; Caves, C M; Schack, R; Brun, Todd A.; Caves, Carlton M.; Schack, Ruediger
Classical chaotic systems are distinguished by their sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The absence of this property in quantum systems has lead to a number of different criteria being proposed for quantum chaos, including linear growth of entropy, exponential decay of fidelity, and hypersensitivity to perturbation. All of these accurately predict chaos in the classical limit, but it is not clear that they behave the same far from the classical realm. We investigate the dynamics of a family of quantizations of the baker's map, which range from a highly entangling unitary transformation to an essentially trivial shift map. Linear entropy growth and fidelity decay are exhibited by this entire family of maps, but hypersensitivity distinguishes between the simple dynamics of the trivial shift map and the more complicated dynamics of the other quantizations. This is supported by an analytical argument for short times and numerical evidence at later times.
Texture features from Chaos Game Representation Images of Genomes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vrinda V. Nair
Full Text Available The proposed work investigates the effectiveness of coarse measures of the Chaos Game Representation (CGR images in differentiating genomes of various organisms. Major work in this area is seen to focus on feature extraction using Frequency Chaos Game Representation (FCGR matrices. Although it is biologically significant, FCGR matrix has an inherent error which is associated with the insufficient computing as well as the screen resolutions. Hence the CGR image is converted to a texture image and corresponding feature vectors extracted. Features such as the texture properties and the subsequent wavelet coefficients of the texture image are used. Our work suggests that texture features characterize genomes well further; their wavelet coefficients yield better distinguishing capabilities.
Catastrophic ice lake collapse in Aram Chaos, Mars
Roda, Manuel; Zegers, Tanja E; Oosthoek, Jelmer H P
Hesperian chaotic terrains have been recognized as the source of outflow channels formed by catastrophic outflows. Four main scenarios have been proposed for the formation of chaotic terrains that involve different amounts of water and single or multiple outflow events. Here, we test these scenarios with morphological and structural analyses of imagery and elevation data for Aram Chaos in conjunction with numerical modeling of the morphological evolution of the catastrophic carving of the outflow valley. The morphological and geological analyses of Aram Chaos suggest large-scale collapse and subsidence (1500 m) of the entire area, which is consistent with a massive expulsion of liquid water from the subsurface in one single event. The combined observations suggest a complex process starting with the outflow of water from two small channels, followed by continuous groundwater sapping and headward erosion and ending with a catastrophic lake rim collapse and carving of the Aram Valley, which is synchronous with ...
Pattern dynamics and spatiotemporal chaos in the quantum Zakharov equations.
Misra, A P; Shukla, P K
The dynamical behavior of the nonlinear interaction of quantum Langmuir waves (QLWs) and quantum ion-acoustic waves (QIAWs) is studied in the one-dimensional quantum Zakharov equations. Numerical simulations of coupled QLWs and QIAWs reveal that many coherent solitary patterns can be excited and saturated via the modulational instability of unstable harmonic modes excited by a modulation wave number of monoenergetic QLWs. The evolution of such solitary patterns may undergo the states of spatially partial coherence (SPC), coexistence of temporal chaos and spatiotemporal chaos (STC), as well as STC. The SPC state is essentially due to ion-acoustic wave emission and due to quantum diffraction, while the STC is caused by the combined effects of SPC and quantum diffraction, as well as by collisions and fusions among patterns in stochastic motion. The energy in the system is strongly redistributed, which may switch on the onset of weak turbulence in dense quantum plasmas. PMID:19518570
Is there chaos in the Spanish labour market?
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Highlights: We consider Spanish unemployment time series. We apply a number of nonlinearity tests and chaoticity measures. We establish the presence of nonlinearity and chaos, which disappears when the data are shuffled. Abstract: One could argue that there is a resurgence of the non-linear modelling in economics. Some instruments have been developed to measure the complexity or instability of the analysed systems. At the present work some of these developed techniques are applied to verify the non-linearity present in the time series of Spanish unemployment, as well as to quantify the degree of complexity of the system that has generated the series. Using these techniques we find evidence of chaos in Spanish unemployment time series.
Control of complex dynamics and chaos in distributed parameter systems
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chakravarti, S.; Marek, M.; Ray, W.H. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
This paper discusses a methodology for controlling complex dynamics and chaos in distributed parameter systems. The reaction-diffusion system with Brusselator kinetics, where the torus-doubling or quasi-periodic (two characteristic incommensurate frequencies) route to chaos exists in a defined range of parameter values, is used as an example. Poincare maps are used for characterization of quasi-periodic and chaotic attractors. The dominant modes or topos, which are inherent properties of the system, are identified by means of the Singular Value Decomposition. Tested modal feedback control schemas based on identified dominant spatial modes confirm the possibility of stabilization of simple quasi-periodic trajectories in the complex quasi-periodic or chaotic spatiotemporal patterns.
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in a fractional-order financial system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This study examines the two most attractive characteristics, memory and chaos, in simulations of financial systems. A fractional-order financial system is proposed in this study. It is a generalization of a dynamic financial model recently reported in the literature. The fractional-order financial system displays many interesting dynamic behaviors, such as fixed points, periodic motions, and chaotic motions. It has been found that chaos exists in fractional-order financial systems with orders less than 3. In this study, the lowest order at which this system yielded chaos was 2.35. Period doubling and intermittency routes to chaos in the fractional-order financial system were found
Synchronization and suppression of chaos in non-locally coupled map lattices
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
R M Szmoski; S E De S Pinto; M T Van Kan; A M Batista; R L Viana; S R Lopes
We considered coupled map lattices with long-range interactions to study the spatiotemporal behaviour of spatially extended dynamical systems. Coupled map lattices have been intensively investigated as models to understand many spatiotemporal phenomena observed in extended system, and consequently spatiotemporal chaos. We used the complex order parameter to quantify chaos synchronization for a one-dimensional chain of coupled logistic maps with a coupling strength which varies with the lattice in a power-law fashion. Depending on the range of the interactions, complete chaos synchronization and chaos suppression may be attained. Furthermore, we also calculated the Lyapunov dimension and the transversal distance to the synchronization manifold.
Study on chaos in short circuit gas metal arc welding process
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
Lü Xiaoqing; Cao Biao; Zeng Min; Wang Zhenmin; Huang Shisheng
Based on the chaos theory, an idea is put forward to analyze the short circuit Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW-S) process. The theory of phase space reconstruction and related algorithms such as mutual information and so on, are applied to analyze the chaos of the GMAW-S process. The largest Lyapunov exponents of some current time series are calculated, and the results indicate that chaos exists in the GMAW-S process. The research of the chaos in the GMAW-S process can be help to get new knowledge of the process.
Chaos analysis and chaotic EMI suppression of DC-DC converters
Zhang, Bo
Introduces chaos theory, its analytical methods and the means to apply chaos to the switching power supply design DC-DC converters are typical switching systems which have plenty of nonlinear behaviors, such as bifurcation and chaos. The nonlinear behaviors of DC-DC converters have been studied heavily over the past 20 years, yet researchers are still unsure of the practical application of bifurcations and chaos in switching converters. The electromagnetic interference (EMI), which resulted from the high rates of changes of voltage and current, has become a major design criterion in DC-DC co
Effects on the upstream flood inundation caused from the operation of Chao Phraya Dam
Sutham Visutimeteegorn; Kanchit Likitdecharote; Suphat Vongvisessomjai
During the flooding events, the operation of Chao Phraya Dam to control downstream water discharge is one of the causes of the inundation occuring over the upstream area. The purposes of this research are to study the effects of the operation of Chao Phraya Dam upon the upstream flood inundation and to find out the new measures of the flood mitigation in the upstream areas of Chao Phraya Dam by using a hydrodynamic model. The results show that Manning's n in the Chao Phraya River and its trib...
Self-Stable Chaos Control of dc-dc Converter
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
LU Wei-Guo; ZHOU Luo-Wei; WU Jun-Ke
A new concept related to self-stable chaos control is first put forward,and its theoretical basis and realization are presented from the frequency-domain perspective. With a new analogous-circuit realization of this control its applications in the voltage-mode Buck converter is discussed. The harmonic-balance method is applied to determine the control range of the control parameter.The experiment results given in the last part confirm the validity of the proposed control method.
Geology and Origin of Europa's Mitten Feature (Murias Chaos)
Figueredo, P. H.; Chuang, F. C.; Rathbun, J.; Kirk, R. L.; Greeley, R.
The "Mitten" (provisionally named Murias Chaos by the International Astronomical Union) is a region of elevated chaos-like terrain in the leading hemisphere of Europa. Its origin had been explained under the currently debated theories of melting through a thin lithosphere or convection within a thick one. Galileo observations reveal several characteristics that suggest that the Mitten is distinct from typical chaos terrain and point to a different formational process. Photoclinometric elevation estimates suggest that the Mitten is slightly elevated with respect to the surrounding terrain; geologic relations indicate that it must have raised significantly from the plains in its past, resembling disrupted domes on Europa's trailing hemisphere. Moreover, the Mitten material appears to have extruded onto the plains and flowed for tens of kilometers. The area subsequently subsided as a result of isostatic adjustment, viscous relaxation, and/or plains loading. Using plate flexure models, we estimated the elastic lithosphere in the area to be several kilometers thick. We propose that the Mitten originated by the ascent and extrusion of a large thermal diapir. Thermal-mechanical modeling shows that a Mitten-sized plume would remain sufficiently warm and buoyant to pierce through the crust and flow unconfined on the surface. Such a diapir probably had an initial radius between 5 and 8 km and an initial depth of 20-40 km, consistent with a thick-lithosphere model. In this scenario the Mitten appears to represent the surface expression of the rare ascent of a large diapir, in contrast to lenticulae and chaos terrain, which may form by isolated and clustered small diapirs, respectively.
Detecting Chaos from Agricultural Product Price Time Series
Xin Su; Yi Wang; Shengsen Duan; Junhai Ma
Analysis of the characteristics of agricultural product price volatility and trend forecasting are necessary to formulate and implement agricultural price control policies. Taking wholesale cabbage prices as an example, a multiple test methodology has been adopted to identify the nonlinearity, fractality, and chaos of the data. The approaches used include the R/S analysis, the BDS test, the power spectra, the recurrence plot, the largest Lyapunov exponent, the Kolmogorov entropy, and the corr...
Transition to chaos in externally modulated hydrodynamic systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An amplitude equation associated with externally modulated hydrodynamic systems is considered. A simple physical model to evaluate analytically the Melnikov function is proposed. The onset of chaos is studied numerically through a computation of the largest Lyapunov exponent, a construction of the bifurcation diagram, and an analysis of the phase space trajectories. Theory predicts the regions of chaotic behavior of the system in good agreement with computer calculations. (author)
Characterizing Weak Chaos using Time Series of Lyapunov Exponents
da Silva, R. M.; Manchein, C.; Beims, M. W.; Altmann, E. G.
We investigate chaos in mixed-phase-space Hamiltonian systems using time series of the finite- time Lyapunov exponents. The methodology we propose uses the number of Lyapunov exponents close to zero to define regimes of ordered (stickiness), semi-ordered (or semi-chaotic), and strongly chaotic motion. The dynamics is then investigated looking at the consecutive time spent in each regime, the transition between different regimes, and the regions in the phase-space associated to them. Applying ...
Modeling of subharmonics and chaos in DC motor drives
Chau, KT; Chen, JH; Chan, CC; Chan, David TW
In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of both voltage-mode and current-mode controlled dc motor drive systems are presented. The investigation is based on the derivation of the discrete mappings that describe their system subharmonics and chaos in the continuous conduction mode of operation. It illustrates that different bifurcation diagrams can be obtained by using different modes of control while varying the same system parameters. A unified modeling approach for the period-1 and hence the ...
Doubly excited helium. From strong correlation to chaos
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In the present dissertation, the double excitation states of helium including the autoionization decay of these states were studied experimentally and theoretically in a broad energy region, which includes the transition from strong correlation below the low single ionization thresholds (SIT) to the region of quantum chaos at energies very close to the double-ionization threshold. Two kind of experiments were performed, namely total-ion-yield measurements with the aim to observe total cross sections (TCS) and electron time-of-flight (TOF) measurements to obtain partial cross sections (PCS) as well as angular distribution parameters (ADP). Both types of measurements were performed at the third generation synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II in Berlin. The TCSs were recorded up to the SIT I15, and they were found to be in in excellent agreement with state-of-the-art complex-rotation calculations performed recently by D. Delande. These experimental and theoretical data on the TCSs were analyzed in order to study quantum chaos in doubly excited helium, and interesting signatures of quantum chaos were found. The TOF technique allowed to measure PCSs and ADPs in the energy regions from I5 to I9 and I7, respectively. These experimental data provide a critical assessment of theoretical models that can be used to explore the dynamics of strong correlation as well as quantum chaos in helium. In the theoretical part of this dissertation, the n- and l-specific PCSs and ADPs below I4 were calculated employing the R-matrix method. The present theoretical results agree well with a recent experimental study of l-specific PCSs below I4 by J.R. Harries et al. An analysis of patterns in the PCSs and ADPs on the basis of the present experimental and theoretical l-specific data allowed to improve the present understanding of autoionization decay dynamics in this two-electron atom. (orig.)
Chaos-Based Image Encryption Algorithm Using Decomposition
Xiuli Song; Hongyao Deng
The proposed chaos-based image encryption algorithm consists of four stages: decomposition, shuffle, diffusion and combination. Decomposition is that an original image is decomposed to components according to some rule. The purpose of the shuffle is to mask original organization of the pixels of the image, and the diffusion is to change their values. Combination is not necessary in the sender. To improve the efficiency, the parallel architecture is taken to process the shuffle and diffusion. ...
Lecture notes on Gaussian multiplicative chaos and Liouville Quantum Gravity
Rhodes, Rémi; Vargas, Vincent
The purpose of these notes, based on a course given by the second author at Les Houches summer school, is to explain the probabilistic construction of Polyakov's Liouville quantum gravity using the theory of Gaussian multiplicative chaos. In particular, these notes contain a detailed description of the so-called Liouville measures of the theory and their conjectured relation to the scaling limit of large planar maps properly embedded in the sphere. These notes are rather short and require no ...
From Chaos to Calm understanding Anger in Urban Adolescent Males
Montgomery, June M.
From Chaos to Calm Understanding Anger in Urban Adolescent Males by June Mardell Montgomery (ABSTRACT) This work is based on the premise that uncontrolled anger contributes to the violence committed by adolescent boys 13-17 years of age. In fact, in all countries, young males are both the principal perpetrators and victims of homicide (World Health Organization, 2002). Identifying the underlying reasons for the anger is instrumental in controlling this emotion and in develop...
On a functional lasalle principle with application to chaos synchronization
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Chen, G.; Čelikovský, Sergej; Zhou, J.
Roč. 19, č. 12 (2009), s. 4253-4261. ISSN 0218-1274 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA102/08/0186; GA MŠk LA09026 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Chaos synchronization * LaSalle invariance principle * Lineared equation Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory Impact factor: 0.918, year: 2009
Quantum dissipative chaos in the statistics of excitation numbers
Kryuchkyan, Gagik Yu.; Manvelyan, Suren B.
A quantum manifestation of chaotic classical dynamics is found in the framework of oscillatory numbers statistics for the model of nonlinear dissipative oscillator. It is shown by numerical simulation of an ensemble of quantum trajectories that the probability distributions and variances of oscillatory number states are strongly transformed in the order-to-chaos transition. The nonclassical, sub-Poissonian statistics of oscillatory excitation numbers is established for chaotic dissipative dyn...
Bifurcation, Period Doublings and Chaos in Clarinetlike Systems
Maganza, Christian; Causse, René; Laloë, Franck
cote interne IRCAM: Maganza86a / National audience Wind instrument provide interesting hydrodynamical systems where non-linearities are importantbut well localized. A simple analysis shows that these systems should undergo Feigenbaum-typeroute to chaos, with a cascade of period doublings. Experiments have been performed with anacoustical resonator and an "artificial" excitation (nonlinearities controlled by either analogic ordigital devices); they have confirmed these predictions.
SAMBA: Sparse Approximation of Moment-Based Arbitrary Polynomial Chaos
Ahlfeld, R.; Belkouchi, B.; Montomoli, F.
A new arbitrary Polynomial Chaos (aPC) method is presented for moderately high-dimensional problems characterised by limited input data availability. The proposed methodology improves the algorithm of aPC and extends the method, that was previously only introduced as tensor product expansion, to moderately high-dimensional stochastic problems. The fundamental idea of aPC is to use the statistical moments of the input random variables to develop the polynomial chaos expansion. This approach provides the possibility to propagate continuous or discrete probability density functions and also histograms (data sets) as long as their moments exist, are finite and the determinant of the moment matrix is strictly positive. For cases with limited data availability, this approach avoids bias and fitting errors caused by wrong assumptions. In this work, an alternative way to calculate the aPC is suggested, which provides the optimal polynomials, Gaussian quadrature collocation points and weights from the moments using only a handful of matrix operations on the Hankel matrix of moments. It can therefore be implemented without requiring prior knowledge about statistical data analysis or a detailed understanding of the mathematics of polynomial chaos expansions. The extension to more input variables suggested in this work, is an anisotropic and adaptive version of Smolyak's algorithm that is solely based on the moments of the input probability distributions. It is referred to as SAMBA (PC), which is short for Sparse Approximation of Moment-Based Arbitrary Polynomial Chaos. It is illustrated that for moderately high-dimensional problems (up to 20 different input variables or histograms) SAMBA can significantly simplify the calculation of sparse Gaussian quadrature rules. SAMBA's efficiency for multivariate functions with regard to data availability is further demonstrated by analysing higher order convergence and accuracy for a set of nonlinear test functions with 2, 5 and 10
Optimal Oscillations and Chaos Generation in Biologically-Inspired Systems
Kohannim, Saba
Biological systems display a variety of complex dynamic behaviors, ranging from periodic orbits to chaos. Regular rhythmic behavior, for instance, is associated with locomotion, while chaotic behavior is observed in neural interactions. Both these cases can be mathematically expressed as the interaction of a collection of coupled bodies or oscillators that are actuated to behave with a desired pattern. In animal locomotion, this desired pattern is the periodic body motion (gait) that interact...
Quantum interference vs. quantum chaos in the nuclear shell model
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this paper we study the complexity of the nuclear states in terms of a two body quadupole-quadrupole interaction. Energy distributions and eigenvectors composition exhibit a visible interference pattern which is dependent on the intensity of the interaction. In analogy with optics, the visibility of the interference is related to the purity of the states, therefore, we show that the fluctuations associated with quantum chaos have as their origin the remaining quantum coherence with a visibility magnitude close to 5%
Chaos in Temperature in Generic 2p-Spin Models
Panchenko, Dmitry
We prove chaos in temperature for even p-spin models which include sufficiently many p-spin interaction terms. Our approach is based on a new invariance property for coupled asymptotic Gibbs measures, similar in spirit to the invariance property that appeared in the proof of ultrametricity in Panchenko (Ann Math (2) 177(1):383-393, 2013), used in combination with Talagrand's analogue of Guerra's replica symmetry breaking bound for coupled systems.
Nonlinear internal friction, chaos, fractal and musical instruments
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nonlinear and structure sensitive internal friction phenomena in materials are used for characterizing musical instruments. It may be one of the most important factors influencing timbre of instruments. As a nonlinear dissipated system, chaos and fractals are fundamental peculiarities of sound spectra. It is shown that the concept of multi range fractals can be used to decompose the frequency spectra of melody. New approaches are suggested to improve the fabrication, property characterization and physical understanding of instruments. (author). 18 refs, 4 figs