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Cite Chapter
Norris, Alison. "Community Geographic Domain Names."
Encyclopedia of Portal Technologies and Applications.
IGI Global, 2007. 157-161. Web. 24 Jan. 2017. doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-989-2.ch027
Norris, A. (2007). Community Geographic Domain Names. In A. Tatnall (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of Portal Technologies and Applications
(pp. 157-161). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-989-2.ch027
Norris, Alison. "Community Geographic Domain Names." In
Encyclopedia of Portal Technologies and Applications,
ed. Arthur Tatnall, 157-161 (2007), accessed January 24, 2017. doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-989-2.ch027
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Community Geographic Domain Names
Alison Norris (University of Wollongong, Australia)
Source Title:
Encyclopedia of Portal Technologies and Applications
© 2007
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The Australian (.au) Domain Name Authority (auDA) announced the creation of Community Geographic Domain Names (CGDNs) in November, 2002 (auDA, 2005b). This scheme is novel because it restricts licensing and use of the CGDNs to community-based groups running community portals. The community group must demonstrate that they are representative of and inclusive of all local community members. The community portals displayed on CGDNs are required to reflect community interests, and may choose to cover cultural events, tourism, historical information, special interest groups and local business (auDA, 2005b).
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Chapter 1
An Academic Management Portal
(pages 1-5)
Juha Kettunen
E-management is a definition for a group of tools and actions used in the organizational steering based on data systems. Emanagement can make...
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An Academic Management Portal
Chapter 2
An Academic Student-Centered Portal
(pages 6-11)
Carla Falsetti
The Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM) aims to acquire a recognizable "look" of the university to live on the Web. One way to reach this...
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An Academic Student-Centered Portal
Chapter 3
Accessible Personalized Portals
(pages 12-19)
C. Doulgeraki
Web portals constitute a rapidly evolving medium for transferring information and knowledge, as well as for establishing the means for cooperation...
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Accessible Personalized Portals
Chapter 4
Accessing Administrative Environmental Information
(pages 20-25)
Thorsten Schlachter, Werner Geiger, Rainer Weidemann
With the citizens being entitled to be provided with environmental nformation, the quantity increased, as did the fforts needed to find the desired...
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Accessing Administrative Environmental Information
Chapter 5
Accommodating End-Users' Online Activities with a Campus Portal
(pages 26-34)
Tharitpong Fuangvut, Helen Hasan
A major objective of this article is to propose a framework for development of a campus portal accommodating the end-users' online activities...
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Accommodating End-Users' Online Activities with a Campus Portal
Chapter 6
Adoption of Portals Using Activity Theory
(pages 35-40)
Lorna Uden, Kimmo Salmenjoki
An obvious goal of a Web site today is to dynamically acquire content and make it available. A portal is a group of services provided...
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Adoption of Portals Using Activity Theory
Chapter 7
African Web Portals
(pages 41-46)
Esharenana E. Adomi
The World Wide Web (WWW) has led to the advent of the information age. With increased demand for information from various quarters, the Web has...
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African Web Portals
Chapter 8
Analyzing Competition for a Web Portal
(pages 47-57)
Ch. Z. Patrikakis, A. Konstantas
According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO, 2005), organic agriculture (OA) is "a holistic production management...
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Analyzing Competition for a Web Portal
Chapter 9
Assessing Weblogs as Education Portals
(pages 58-64)
Ian Weber
Education is one of the key sectors that has benefited from the continuous developments and innovations in information and communication technology...
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Assessing Weblogs as Education Portals
Chapter 10
Australian General Practitioners' Use of Health Information
(pages 65-69)
Daniel Carbone
Over the past 30 years the health framework in which doctors and other healthcare professionals practise has changed relatively little in comparison...
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Australian General Practitioners' Use of Health Information
Chapter 11
The Beijing Olympics (2008) Advertainment Portal
(pages 70-74)
Natalie Pang, Don Schauder
As communities develop their sense of identities, the Web reflects such identities through the appearances of Web portals. This short article argues...
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The Beijing Olympics (2008) Advertainment Portal
Chapter 12
Benefits and Limitations of Portals
(pages 75-81)
Michel Eboueya, Lorna Uden
The demand of a rich suite of easy-to-use tools and help that simplify data management within a network is increasing more and more. These tools...
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Benefits and Limitations of Portals
Chapter 13
Bioinformatics Web Portals
(pages 82-88)
Mario Cannataro
Bioinformatics involves the design and development of advanced algorithms and computational platforms to solve problems in biomedicine (Jones &...
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Bioinformatics Web Portals
Chapter 14
Biotechnology Portals in Medicine
(pages 89-93)
Yoosuf Cader
The 2005 global revenues of publicly traded biotechnology companies have grown by 18.1% to $63.1 billion (Donn, 2006). Many countries are now...
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Biotechnology Portals in Medicine
Chapter 15
The BIZEWEST Portal
(pages 94-97)
Alex Pliaskin
In June 2000, the Western Region Economic Development Organization (WREDO), a not-for-profit organization sponsored by the six municipalities that...
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The BIZEWEST Portal
Chapter 16
The Bluegem Portal
(pages 98-101)
Samantha Bax
"Portal technologies" in recent times have become a catchphrase within information technology circles. The concept of the "portal" (more commonly...
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The Bluegem Portal
Chapter 17
Business Challenges of Online Banking Portals
(pages 102-105)
Achraf Ayadi
During the last few years, the growing interest in the banking industry on the Internet has led to the development from simple banking Web sites...
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Business Challenges of Online Banking Portals
Chapter 18
Business Module Differentiation
(pages 106-113)
Zhu Bing
SINA, SOHU, and NETEASE have been regarded as the most successful general Web portals in the Chinese market. However, they have quite different...
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Business Module Differentiation
Chapter 19
A Case Study of an Integrated University Portal
(pages 114-117)
Tracy R. Stewart
The increasing complexity and interdependence of campus technology systems poses a significant challenge to universities. Such efforts cannot be...
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A Case Study of an Integrated University Portal
Chapter 20
Challenges and Pitfalls in Portal Information Management
(pages 118-122)
Fredric Landqvist, Dick Stenmark
One major objective for information portals is to provide relevant and timely information to their intended target groups. The main challenge from...
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Challenges and Pitfalls in Portal Information Management
Chapter 21
Changing the Interface to High School Education
(pages 123-125)
Greg Gebhart
How do you cater to 21st century learners in a secondary school, and how can we personalize learning so that the value of education is enhanced for...
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Changing the Interface to High School Education
Chapter 22
A Coaching Portal for IT Project Management
(pages 126-133)
Yuriy Taranovych
Current investigations of numerous institutions (Genus & Dalcher, 2003; RAE, 2004; Sauer & Cuthbertson, 2003; The Standish Group, 2003) demonstrate...
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A Coaching Portal for IT Project Management
Chapter 23
Collaborative Enterprise Portals
(pages 134-139)
Wita Wojtkowski
The strategic goal of an enterprise portal is to provide a simple- to-use view into content, applications and collaboration tools for all who...
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Collaborative Enterprise Portals
Chapter 24
Collaborative Real-Time Information Services via Portals
(pages 140-145)
Wei Dai
The increased use of online services in the commercial world has produced considerable impact on traditional technologies. Traditional information...
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Collaborative Real-Time Information Services via Portals
Chapter 25
Commercial and Open-Source Web Portal Solutions
(pages 146-151)
Américo Sampaio
Web portals present an effective way to integrate applications, people, and business by offering a unique point of access to these resources within...
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Commercial and Open-Source Web Portal Solutions
Chapter 26
Commercialization of Web Portals
(pages 152-156)
Richard C. Millham
Portals may be defined as starting points on the Web for users which may lead them to e-business services (Adar & Huberman, 2000). Portals are part...
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Commercialization of Web Portals
Chapter 27
Community Geographic Domain Names
(pages 157-161)
Alison Norris
The Australian (.au) Domain Name Authority (auDA) announced the creation of Community Geographic Domain Names (CGDNs) in November, 2002 (auDA...
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Community Geographic Domain Names
Chapter 28
Comparing Portals and Web Pages
(pages 162-165)
Connie L. Fulmer
Just how do Web pages and portals differ? A fair question, since both have common characteristics. However, important differences can be drawn. The...
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Comparing Portals and Web Pages
Chapter 29
A Comprehensive Methodology for Campus Portal Development
(pages 166-171)
Tharitpong Fuangvut, Helen Hasan
A campus portal is an exciting recent phenomenon forming part of the new generation of online services for all stakeholders in institutions of...
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A Comprehensive Methodology for Campus Portal Development
Chapter 30
Constructing and Deploying Campus Portals in Higher Education
(pages 172-177)
Tom S. Chan
A portal is a doorway, a gate, or a means of entrance. For example, the local library is a portal for knowledge. In this age of the Internet, portal...
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Constructing and Deploying Campus Portals in Higher Education
Chapter 31
The Content of Horizontal Portals
(pages 178-181)
Scott Bingley
The word "portal" has been around for quite some time, but its use to describe a tool for electronic commerce has emerged only recently. This paper...
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The Content of Horizontal Portals
Chapter 32
A Content-Incentive-Usability Framework for Corporate Portal Design
(pages 182-187)
Akhilesh Bajaj
The knowledge based theory of the firm argues that firms obtain competitive advantage by creating, storing and applying knowledge (Jayatilaka...
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A Content-Incentive-Usability Framework for Corporate Portal Design
Chapter 33
Countermeasures for Protecting Legally Sensitive Web-Powered Databases and Web Portals
(pages 188-191)
Theodoros Evdoridis
The issue of the escalation of security breaches in the field of Web systems has caused a great deal of disquiet in the computer security community....
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Countermeasures for Protecting Legally Sensitive Web-Powered Databases and Web Portals
Chapter 34
Cross-Cultural Dimensions of National Web Portals
(pages 192-196)
Brian Dobing
Culture can be defined as the manifestation of "learned behavior consisting of thoughts, feelings and actions" (Hoft, 1996, p. 41) formed under the...
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Cross-Cultural Dimensions of National Web Portals
Chapter 35
A Declarative Approach for Designing Web Portals
(pages 197-203)
William Gardner, R. Rajugan
As many enterprise and industrial content management techniques are moving towards a distributed model, the need to exchange data between...
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A Declarative Approach for Designing Web Portals
Chapter 36
Design of a Proposed Nursing Knowledge Portal
(pages 204-211)
Yin-Leng Theng
Nurses responsible for making strategic decisions in the hospital are tracking performance metrics that accurately measure how well the hospital is...
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Design of a Proposed Nursing Knowledge Portal
Chapter 37
Designing a Portal and Community with the Community Generator
(pages 212-216)
Norbert Fröschle
What is behind a Web portal—indeed, it is a community. People in virtual groups and rooms. But, what is an Internet business community and how is it...
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Designing a Portal and Community with the Community Generator
Chapter 38
Designing Portals for Knowledge Work
(pages 217-222)
Ronald Maier
An increasing share of work in businesses and organizations depends on information and knowledge rather than manual labor and physical goods (Wolf...
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Designing Portals for Knowledge Work
Chapter 39
Developing a Knowledge Management Portal
(pages 223-227)
Thomas W. Parsons
Knowledge management has been heralded as an important component of a successful business strategy, yet how does a company implement a knowledge...
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Developing a Knowledge Management Portal
Chapter 40
Developing Online Learning Portals in Low Bandwidth Communities
(pages 228-234)
Mae van der Merwe, Lorna Uden
University portals are emerging all over the world. Portals have been perceived by many people as the technologies that are designed to enhance work...
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Developing Online Learning Portals in Low Bandwidth Communities
Chapter 41
Developing Semantic Portals
(pages 235-243)
Brooke Abrahams
A semantic portal is a type of community information portal that exploits semantic Web standards (Berners-Lee, Hendler, & Lassila, 2001) to improve...
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Developing Semantic Portals
Chapter 42
The Development Strategy of Sina and Sohu
(pages 244-248)
Shen Libing
Though it was in 1993 that China entered the Internet for the first time, the real rise of the Chinese Internet was in 1998. In this year, the...
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The Development Strategy of Sina and Sohu
Chapter 43
Digital Interactive Channel Systems and Portals
(pages 249-255)
Christoph Schlueter Langdon, Alexander Bau
Web portals continue to grow as a force that could shift the balance of power between buyers and sellers and, therefore, could alter the structure...
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Digital Interactive Channel Systems and Portals
Chapter 44
Digital Rights Protection Management of Web Portals Content
(pages 256-263)
Theodoros Evdoridis
Without doubt one of the most important factors that contributed to the wide acceptance and popularity of Web portals is the potential for users to...
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Digital Rights Protection Management of Web Portals Content
Chapter 45
Dynamic Taxonomies and Intelligent User-Centric Access to Complex Portal Information
(pages 264-269)
Giovanni M. Sacco
One of the key requirements of portals is easy access to information, or findability according to Morville's definition (Morville, 2002). After a...
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Dynamic Taxonomies and Intelligent User-Centric Access to Complex Portal Information
Chapter 46
E-Business Standards Setting
(pages 270-274)
Kai Jakobs
Many industry sectors are facing a number of challenges to the established relations between players (the automotive sector is a particularly...
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E-Business Standards Setting
Chapter 47
E-Commerce Portals
(pages 275-281)
Jesse S. Jin
Today, the business community has realized the portal solution as an opportunity to develop and maintain integrated and personalized environments...
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E-Commerce Portals
Chapter 48
Economical Aspects when Deploying Enterprise Portals
(pages 282-289)
Shota Okujava, Ulrich Remus
Enterprise portals have become the backbone for the integration of a large number of different applications, content, and services (Smith, 2004)....
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Economical Aspects when Deploying Enterprise Portals
Chapter 49
Education Portal Strategy
(pages 290-295)
Alf Neumann, Henrik Hanke
Education portals promise to be an integrated point of entry that provides all stakeholders of an education body, frequently referred to as campus...
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Education Portal Strategy
Chapter 50
The Effects of Enterprise Portals on Knowledge Management Projects
(pages 296-303)
Rodrigo Baroni de Carvalho, Marta Araújo Tavares Ferreira, Chun Wei Choo, Ricardo Vidigal da Silva
In an attempt to consolidate various departmental intranets, organizations are constructing corporate intranets or portals(Choo, Detlor, & Turnbull...
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The Effects of Enterprise Portals on Knowledge Management Projects
Chapter 51
Effort Estimation for the Development of Web Portals
(pages 304-309)
Sergio di Martino
In recent years, the availability of server-side, Web-oriented component technologies, such as Enterprise Java Beans, ASP .NET, SOAP, and so forth...
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Effort Estimation for the Development of Web Portals
Chapter 52
E-Government Portals Personalization
(pages 310-315)
Giorgos Laskaridis, Konstantinos Markellos
Several governments across the world enhance their attempt to provide efficient, advanced, and modern services to their users (citizens and...
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E-Government Portals Personalization
Chapter 53
E-Management Portal and Organisational Behaviour
(pages 316-320)
Juha Kettunen
The exchange of knowledge has emerged in recent years as an important issue in the understanding of innovation and value creation in an organisation...
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E-Management Portal and Organisational Behaviour
Chapter 54
An Empirical Study of a Corporate E-Learning Portal
(pages 321-326)
Meliha Handzic, Joon Ho Hur
Technological advances, globalisation, changing demographics and privatisation are the main driving forces behind the current transformation of...
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An Empirical Study of a Corporate E-Learning Portal
Chapter 55
Employee Self-Service Portals
(pages 327-331)
Beverley Lloyd-Walker
This article begins by discussing how the role of human resource management has changed in recent years, and the implications of this for human...
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Employee Self-Service Portals
Chapter 56
Empowerment and Health Portals
(pages 332-336)
Mats Edenius
We know that interest in employing Web portals for communication between the health care sector and the public is constantly increasing (Kapsalis...
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Empowerment and Health Portals
Chapter 57
Enabling Technology and Functionalities of Shopping Portals
(pages 337-340)
Hua Luo, Yuan Gao
An electronic marketplace (e-marketplace) is a virtual space where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services (Bailey & Bakos, 1997). An...
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Enabling Technology and Functionalities of Shopping Portals
Chapter 58
Encouraging Global IS Collaborative Networks with a Knowledge Portal
(pages 341-347)
Carol Pollard, Prashant Palvia, Mary Lind, Choton Basu
This article describes the proposed design, development, implementation and evaluation of an extensive interactive knowledge portal to support the...
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Encouraging Global IS Collaborative Networks with a Knowledge Portal
Chapter 59
Enhancing Electronic Governance in Singapore with Government Portals
(pages 348-352)
Leo Tan Wee Hin
The World Wide Web represents one of the most profound developments that has accompanied the evolution of the Internet. It is truly a global...
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Enhancing Electronic Governance in Singapore with Government Portals
Chapter 60
Enhancing Portal Design
(pages 353-359)
Yuriy Taranovych
In recent years, portals became more and more popular among organizations (Klaene, 2004). A portal provides a solution for aggregating content and...
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Enhancing Portal Design
Chapter 61
Enterprise Portals and Web Services Integration
(pages 360-363)
Ghazi Alkhatib, Zakaria Maamar
Portals went through the following different life cycle stages: desktop organization and personalization; single intranet-based portals such as...
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Enterprise Portals and Web Services Integration
Chapter 62
E-Portals in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates
(pages 364-367)
Ian Michael
Technology is seen as a key driving force in the economy within all of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates (UAE) nation; the...
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E-Portals in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates
Chapter 63
European Quality Observatory
(pages 368-375)
Ulf-Daniel Ehlers
Quality has become a major factor for concern if e-learning should have its final breakthrough (Danish Evaluation Institute, 2003; Dondi & Moretti...
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European Quality Observatory
Chapter 64
Evaluation of Web Portals
(pages 376-383)
Demetrios Sampson
Evaluation of Web portals is an important issue in Web engineering, taking into consideration the Internet explosion and the exponential growth of...
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Evaluation of Web Portals
Chapter 65
E-Value Creation in a Government Web Portal in South Africa
(pages 384-390)
Blessing M. Maumbe, Wallace J. Taylor
By the end of 2005, an emerging era of e-government had arrived in South Africa with the promise to transform public service delivery and the...
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E-Value Creation in a Government Web Portal in South Africa
Chapter 66
Evolution of Portals
(pages 391-396)
Lorna Uden, Kimmo Salmenjoki
The word portal came from the Latin word porta, which is translated to gate. Anything that acts as a gateway to anything else is a portal. The...
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Evolution of Portals
Chapter 67
Evolution of the Milwaukee Public Schools Portal
(pages 397-401)
Ilona E. Holland
In discussing education portals and the Web, Richard N. Katz & Associates (2002) state that the Web is the ultimate frontier. Katz observed that...
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Evolution of the Milwaukee Public Schools Portal
Chapter 68
Factors Affecting Portal Design
(pages 402-407)
Xiuzhen Feng
The word portal has been citied in the literature as one of the most popular terms. A Google search on the Web for the word revealed 25.6 million...
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Factors Affecting Portal Design
Chapter 69
From the Intranet to the Enterprise Knowledge Portal
(pages 408-412)
Carol Ann Barraclough, Udo Richard Averweg, Angela Frances O'Byrne Spencer
The Internet (also called "the Web" or the "World Wide Web") is a worldwide network that allows organisations to send and receive communication...
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From the Intranet to the Enterprise Knowledge Portal
Chapter 70
The Future of Portals in E-Science
(pages 413-418)
Andrea Bosin, Nicoletta Dessì, Maria Grazia Fugini, Diego Liberati, Barbara Pes
Scientific experiments are executed through activities that create, use, communicate and distribute information whose organizational dynamics are...
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The Future of Portals in E-Science
Chapter 71
A Generic Model of an Enterprise Portal
(pages 419-424)
Xiuzhen Feng
With the rapid development of Internet technology, the portal has been envisioned as one of the greatest opportunities to improve the management of...
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A Generic Model of an Enterprise Portal
Chapter 72
Guided Product Selection and Comparison of E-Commerce Portals
(pages 425-430)
Giovanni M. Sacco
The number of e-commerce sites is growing at an astounding rate. Low personnel overhead, just-in-time supply, and the widespread acceptance of...
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Guided Product Selection and Comparison of E-Commerce Portals
Chapter 73
Health Portals
(pages 431-436)
Daniel Carbone
A lack of health services has long been the thorn in the side of many communities, especially rural and regional communities. The high costs of...
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Health Portals
Chapter 74
Helping Chinese Enterprises be Successful in Global Markets
(pages 437-441)
Lu Xiyan
Chinese enterprises are developing their global business very quickly and strong national players, such as Haier, HuaWei, TCL, and Pearl River...
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Helping Chinese Enterprises be Successful in Global Markets
Chapter 75
Hosting Portals on an E-Marketplace
(pages 442-448)
Karyn Welsh, Kim Hassall
This article addresses the possibilities of foregoing the build option for the corporate portal and hosting the corporate portal on an...
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Hosting Portals on an E-Marketplace
Chapter 76
How Corporate Portals Support Innovation
(pages 449-453)
Steven Gordon, Monideepa Tarafdar
The ability of a company to be innovative depends on many factors, such as a culture amenable to risk taking (Kontoghiorghes, Awbre, & Feurig...
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How Corporate Portals Support Innovation
Chapter 77
How to Promote Community Portals
(pages 454-460)
Aki Vainio, Kimmo Salmenjoki
Information content of the Web has, in the last 10 years, changed from informative to communicative. Web pages, especially homepages, were the...
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How to Promote Community Portals
Chapter 78
Identifying Knowledge Assets in an Organisation
(pages 461-468)
Derek H.T. Walker, Tayyab Maqsood
The Internet has revolutionised the way that business is conducted by customers and organisations that serve them. Texts are now being devoted to...
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Identifying Knowledge Assets in an Organisation
Chapter 79
The IFIP Portal
(pages 469-475)
Arthur Tatnall, J. Barrie Thompson
Many professional societies and organisations make use of Web portals to allow access to their many facilities, resources, and varied content...
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The IFIP Portal
Chapter 80
Impacts and Revenues Models from Brazilian Portals
(pages 476-481)
Wellington Moraes, Alberto de Medeiros Jr.
Tapscott (1996) states that, since the end of the last millennium, the world is witnessing the birth of a new era called the age of networked...
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Impacts and Revenues Models from Brazilian Portals
Chapter 81
Implementing Portals in Higher Education
(pages 482-487)
Allard Strijker
Because of the increasing use of digital information within educational organizations, users encounter problems with finding and selecting the right...
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Implementing Portals in Higher Education
Chapter 82
Industry Portals for Small Businesses
(pages 488-493)
Enrico Scarso
Various initiatives, promoted by public and private organizations, attempt to overcome the difficulties hindering the actual use of Web technologies...
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Industry Portals for Small Businesses
Chapter 83
Information Visualization
(pages 494-500)
Wita Wojkowski
Information visualization refers to technologies that support visualization and help in the interpretation of information. These technologies...
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Information Visualization
Chapter 84
Intelligent-Agent-Supported Enterprise Information Portal
(pages 501-506)
Zaiyong Tang, Kallol Bagchi
Enterprises in today's highly competitive environment must cope with mountainous information. At the same time, they must act quickly to make timely...
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Intelligent-Agent-Supported Enterprise Information Portal
Chapter 85
Interoperability Integrating E-Government Portals
(pages 507-512)
Giorgos Laskaridis, Penelope Markellou
In recent years, we have witnessed the rapid evolution of the World Wide Web. This development allowed millions of people all over the world to...
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Interoperability Integrating E-Government Portals
Chapter 86
Investing in Portals for Benefits and Gains
(pages 513-515)
Teemu Paavola
Companies do not always have a rational justification for the choice they make between different IT investment alternatives. One may see the...
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Investing in Portals for Benefits and Gains
Chapter 87
Java Portals and Java Portlet Specification and API
(pages 516-521)
Gennaro Costagliola
Second generation Web portals distinguish themselves from first generation ones for their architecture, which is component-oriented. In particular...
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Java Portals and Java Portlet Specification and API
Chapter 88
KM Cyberary is a Gateway to Knowledge Resources
(pages 522-526)
G. Bhojaraju
The literature about portals or gateways exists in huge volume. However, only a limited number of articles have addressed the topic of knowledge...
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KM Cyberary is a Gateway to Knowledge Resources
Chapter 89
Knowledge Servers
(pages 527-531)
Andrew Basden
Knowledge servers aim to provide knowledge rather than mere information. While information may be "delivered" to the user, such as via Web pages...
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Knowledge Servers
Chapter 90
Large-Scale ASP Replication of Database-Driven Portals
(pages 532-537)
Christopher B. Mayer, K. Selçuk Candan
Web portal applications that dynamically generate results in response to user requests are more popular than ever. Such portal applications usually...
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Large-Scale ASP Replication of Database-Driven Portals
Chapter 91
Large-Scale Integrated Academic Portals
(pages 538-546)
Paolo Bellavista
The increasing availability of fixed/wireless network connectivity and the integration of telecommunication systems and the Internet create novel...
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Large-Scale Integrated Academic Portals
Chapter 92
Learning Geography with the G-Portal Digital Library
(pages 547-553)
Dion Hoe-Lian Goh
With the rapid growth of digital information, there is increasing recognition that digital libraries (DL) will play important roles in education...
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Learning Geography with the G-Portal Digital Library
Chapter 93
Library Portals and an Evolving Information Legacy
(pages 554-558)
Frederick Stielow
Many authors report uncertainties over the expression Web portal, but nowhere are these more understandable than with library applications. On one...
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Library Portals and an Evolving Information Legacy
Chapter 94
A Local Community Web Portal and Small Businesses
(pages 559-563)
Heather Fulford
The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the role played by the establishment, in a UK village, of a local community Web portal on the Internet...
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A Local Community Web Portal and Small Businesses
Chapter 95
Management Issues in Portlet Development
(pages 564-570)
Tony Polgar, Jana Polgar
Software development methodology refers to a standardised, documented methodology which has been used before on similar projects or one which is...
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Management Issues in Portlet Development
Chapter 96
Metadata for Web Portal
(pages 571-576)
Nikos Manouselis
Web portals can be defined as gateways to information and services from multiple sources (Tatnall, 2005). An important aspect of Web portals is the...
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Metadata for Web Portal
Chapter 97
A Mobile Portal for Academe
(pages 577-582)
Hans Lehmann, Stefan Berger, Ulrich Remus
Today, many working environments and industries are considered as knowledge-intensive, that is, consulting, software, pharmaceutics, financial...
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A Mobile Portal for Academe
Chapter 98
Mobile Portal Technologies and Business Models
(pages 583-586)
David Parsons
Mobile portals have become a common entry point to the mobile Internet, and take a number of forms. They may be service provider portals, such as...
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Mobile Portal Technologies and Business Models
Chapter 99
Mobile Portals
(pages 587-593)
Ofir Turel, Alexander Serenko
The diffusion of mobile services is one of important technological phenomena of the twenty-first century (Dholakia & Dholakia, 2003). According to...
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Mobile Portals
Chapter 100
Mobile Portals as Innovations
(pages 594-598)
Alexander Serenko, Ofir Turel
The purpose of this chapter is to analyze mobile portals (mportals) as an innovation. M-portals are wireless Web pages that help portable device...
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Mobile Portals as Innovations
Chapter 101
Mobile Portals for Knowledge Management
(pages 599-605)
Hans Lehmann, Ulrich Remus, Stefan Berger
More and more people leave their fixed working environment in order to perform their knowledge-intensive tasks at changing locations or while they...
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Mobile Portals for Knowledge Management
Chapter 102
Modelling Public Administration Portals
(pages 606-614)
Pierfrancesco Foglia, Cosimo Antonio Prete, Michele Zanda
Portals for the public administration (PA) are Internet gateways leading to a broad range of services, devoted to a great number of users. The...
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Modelling Public Administration Portals
Chapter 103
Models and Technologies for Adaptive Web Portals
(pages 615-623)
Lorenzo Gallucci, Mario Cannataro
In modern Web-based information systems (WIS), the personalization of presentations and contents is becoming a major requirement. Personalization...
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Models and Technologies for Adaptive Web Portals
Chapter 104
Modifying the News Industry with the Internet
(pages 624-631)
Christian Serarols-Tarrés
The advent of the digitalization of pure information products has created new opportunities and changes in the information goods markets. The...
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Modifying the News Industry with the Internet
Chapter 105
Mouse Tracking to Assess Enterprise Portal Efficiency
(pages 632-636)
Robert S. Owen
This article advocates mouse tracking as an emerging method to include in corporate enterprise portal usability assessment. Issues of Web site...
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Mouse Tracking to Assess Enterprise Portal Efficiency
Chapter 106
The MP3 Player as a Mobile Digital Music Collection Portal
(pages 637-641)
David Beer
MP3 players are often described as music collections in our pockets or the pocket jukebox. Indeed, it would seem that MP3 players have significantly...
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The MP3 Player as a Mobile Digital Music Collection Portal
Chapter 107
Navigability Design and Measurement
(pages 642-646)
Hong Zhu, Yanlong Zhang
Navigation has been a significant issue in portal design and evaluation because one of the biggest problems in using the Web is "lost in the...
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Navigability Design and Measurement
Chapter 108
Network-Centric Healthcare and the Entry Point into the Network
(pages 647-652)
Dag von Lubitz, Nilmini Wickramasinghe
The concept of e-health gains rapid and widespread international acceptance as the most practical means of reducing burgeoning healthcare costs...
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Network-Centric Healthcare and the Entry Point into the Network
Chapter 109
Ontologies in Portal Design
(pages 653-657)
G. Bhojaraju, Sarah Buck
Portals are becoming more and more ubiquitous on the Internet and that is why their architecture is a topic of concern among domain stakeholders. In...
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Ontologies in Portal Design
Chapter 110
Ontology, Web Services, and Semantic Web Portals
(pages 658-668)
Ah Lian Kor
In the article, entitled "Semantic Web, RDF, and Portals", it is mentioned that a Semantic Web Portal (SWP) has the generic features of a Web portal...
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Ontology, Web Services, and Semantic Web Portals
Chapter 111
Open Access to Scholarly Publications and Web Portals
(pages 669-676)
Jean-Philippe Rennard
"If I have seen further it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants." The famous statement of Sir Isaac Newton demonstrates that the progress of...
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Open Access to Scholarly Publications and Web Portals
Chapter 112
An Open Streaming Content Distribution Network
(pages 677-683)
Giancarlo Fortino, Carlos E. Palau
Motivated by the increasing availability of media content in the Internet, improvements of network bandwidth in the Internet backbone and the...
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An Open Streaming Content Distribution Network
Chapter 113
Open-Source Online Knowledge Portals for Education
(pages 684-688)
Phillip Olla, Rod Crider
The open-source community has created a broad suite of educational and e-learning course management systems (CMS) referred to as educational...
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Open-Source Online Knowledge Portals for Education
Chapter 114
Paradox of Social Portals
(pages 689-693)
Bill Davey, Arthur Tatnall
An individual or group can create a portal with very little funds and no need or approval from any authority. This produces an interesting...
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Paradox of Social Portals
Chapter 115
Personal Portals
(pages 694-698)
Neal Shambaugh
A portal, generally viewed as a gateway to resources, can be more pragmatically defined by its context of use. Portal development follows a...
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Personal Portals
Chapter 116
Personalizing Web Portals
(pages 699-704)
Pankaj Kamthan
A Web portal is a gateway to the information and services on the Web where its users can interchange and share information (Tatnall, 2005). It is...
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Personalizing Web Portals
Chapter 117
The Portal as Information Broker
(pages 705-711)
John Lamp
The term information broker is widely used in the area of library and information science to describe a middle agent who deals in information as a...
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The Portal as Information Broker
Chapter 118
Portal Development Tools
(pages 712-718)
Konstantinos Robotis
A number of customer and company needs can be identified, to which Web portal services appear to provide the best answer. These needs include...
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Portal Development Tools
Chapter 119
Portal Economics and Business Models
(pages 719-723)
Christoph Schlueter Langdon, Alexander Bau
In late 2005, the market capitalization of Google was the envy of every major media and telecom company. More than any other Web portal, Google had...
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Portal Economics and Business Models
Chapter 120
Portal Features of Major Digital Libraries
(pages 724-736)
Cavan McCarthy
Digital libraries offer access to significant collections of selected and organized digital resources, of the type traditionally found in libraries...
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Portal Features of Major Digital Libraries
Chapter 121
Portal for Artificial Intelligence in Education
(pages 737-742)
Beverly Park Woolf, Esma Aïmeur
The goal of this portal is to provide Internet information and products relevant to the field of artificial intelligence in education (AIED). This...
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Portal for Artificial Intelligence in Education
Chapter 122
Portal Models and Applications in Commodity-Based Environments
(pages 743-746)
Karyn Welsh, Kim Hassall
Businesses use many portals and for a variety of reasons. Some portals are used for inter-organisational collaboration between suppliers, buyers...
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Portal Models and Applications in Commodity-Based Environments
Chapter 123
Portal Quality Issues
(pages 747-754)
Mª Ángeles Moraga, Angélica Caro
Web portals are emerging Internet-based applications that enable access to different sources (providers). Through portals the organizations develop...
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Portal Quality Issues
Chapter 124
Portal Strategy for Managing Organizational Knowledge
(pages 755-762)
Zuopeng Zhang, Sajjad M. Jasimuddin
Since its maturity four or five years ago, portal has become the common practice in organizations. A portal strategy is a way in which a Web site is...
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Portal Strategy for Managing Organizational Knowledge
Chapter 125
Portal Technologies and Executive Information Systems Implementation
(pages 763-768)
Udo Averweg
Portals may be seen as World Wide Web ("the Web") sites that provide the gateway to corporate information from a single point of access. The...
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Portal Technologies and Executive Information Systems Implementation
Chapter 126
Portals and Interoperability in Local Government
(pages 769-775)
Peter Shackleton, Rick Molony
While the popularity of electronic government is evident in most countries, the true benefits to communities can only be obtained if there is access...
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Portals and Interoperability in Local Government
Chapter 127
Portals for Business Intelligence
(pages 776-781)
Andreas Becks
Today, the business domain is confronted with a paramount avalanche of documents and business data. Continuous capturing of business data, be it...
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Portals for Business Intelligence
Chapter 128
Portals for Development and Use of Guidelines and Standards
(pages 782-787)
N. Partarakis
Nowadays, guidelines and standards play a key role in the adoption of (computer) technologies by industries and society. In essence, they constitute...
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Portals for Development and Use of Guidelines and Standards
Chapter 129
Portals for Integrated Competence Management
(pages 788-794)
Giuseppe Berio, Mounira Harzallah
Human resource portals are often dedicated to e-recruitment (e.g., Monster, Jobpilot). Their main goal is to facilitate, accelerate, and widen the...
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Portals for Integrated Competence Management
Chapter 130
Portals for Knowledge Management
(pages 795-800)
Lorna Uden, Marja Naaranoja
Knowledge is often defined to be meaningful information. Knowledge is derived from information. What makes the difference between data and...
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Portals for Knowledge Management
Chapter 131
Portals for Workflow and Business Process Management
(pages 801-804)
Peter Dalmaris
A growing number of portal software vendors offer functionality to allow users to manage business processes and workflows. This functionality is...
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Portals for Workflow and Business Process Management
Chapter 132
Portals in Application Integration
(pages 805-810)
Juan Qiong Gou
Integration is widely used in different areas, but few are explained. A common understanding is that integration is a process by which parts of a...
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Portals in Application Integration
Chapter 133
Portals in Consumer Search Behavior and Product Customization
(pages 811-813)
Ian Michael
A portal is defined as an entrance point to online content. The portal concept has evolved across a number of markets and applications. Customer...
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Portals in Consumer Search Behavior and Product Customization
Chapter 134
Portals in the Public Sector
(pages 814-820)
Ed Watson, Brian Schaefer
A complete enterprise portal solution should provide all users personalized, convenient, and secure access to everything needed to perform their...
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Portals in the Public Sector
Chapter 135
Portals of the Mind
(pages 821-825)
Karen Simpson Nikakis
The idea of a gateway or portal to another world is common in myth and fantasy, and, obviously, far older than the use of the same notion in...
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Portals of the Mind
Chapter 136
Portals Supporting a Mobile Learning Environment
(pages 826-830)
Paul Crowther
Mobile computing gives a learner the ability to engage in learning activities when and where they wish. This may be formal learning, where the...
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Portals Supporting a Mobile Learning Environment
Chapter 137
Power and Politics in University Portal Implementation
(pages 831-834)
Konrad J. Peszynski
Authors in the information systems (IS) discipline have started exploring the socio-technical approach to the development and implementation of...
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Power and Politics in University Portal Implementation
Chapter 138
Presentation Oriented Web Services
(pages 835-841)
Jana Polgar
Web services introduced the means for integrating and sharing business processes via the Internet. WSRP's (WSRP specification version 1, 2003) goal...
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Presentation Oriented Web Services
Chapter 139
Privacy Preserving Data Portals
(pages 842-847)
Benjamin C.M. Fung
Information in a Web portal often is an integration of data collected from multiple sources. A typical example is the concept of one-stop service...
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Privacy Preserving Data Portals
Chapter 140
Project Management Web Portals and Accreditation
(pages 848-854)
Vicky Triantafillidis
Project management skills and professional certification are quickly developing into required core practice (Hammond et al., 2006). Peter Shears...
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Project Management Web Portals and Accreditation
Chapter 141
Providing Rating Services and Subscriptions with Web Portal Infrastructures
(pages 855-862)
Boris Galitsky, Mark Levene
A Web infrastructure (portals) for providing online rating of services such as financial services, are becoming more popular nowadays. A rating...
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Providing Rating Services and Subscriptions with Web Portal Infrastructures
Chapter 142
Provision of Product Support through Enterprise Portals
(pages 863-868)
Ian Searle
Many enterprises make extensive use of the Internet, both for promoting their profile with the general public and for conducting aspects of their...
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Provision of Product Support through Enterprise Portals
Chapter 143
Security Threats in Web-Powered Databases and Web Portals
(pages 869-874)
Theodoros Evdoridis
It is a strongly held view that the scientific branch of computer security that deals with Web-powered databases (Rahayu & Taniar, 2002) than can be...
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Security Threats in Web-Powered Databases and Web Portals
Chapter 144
Semantic Community Portals
(pages 875-880)
Ina O'Murchu, Anna V. Zhdanova, John G. Breslin
Many virtual communities have surfaced and come together on the World Wide Web. Web-based community portals serve as a one-stop place for all...
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Semantic Community Portals
Chapter 145
Semantic Integration and Interoperability among Portals
(pages 881-886)
Konstantinos Kotis
In distributed settings, such as that of the World Wide Web, where a large number of information sources and services reside, portals provide a...
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Semantic Integration and Interoperability among Portals
Chapter 146
Semantic Portals
(pages 887-893)
Brooke Abrahams
Web portals provide an entry point for information presentation and exchange over the Internet for various domains of interest. Current Internet...
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Semantic Portals
Chapter 147
Semantic Web Implications for Web Portals
(pages 894-900)
Pankaj Kamthan
A Web portal is a gateway to the information and services on the Web, where its users can interchange and share information. In their brief...
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Semantic Web Implications for Web Portals
Chapter 148
Semantic Web Portals
(pages 901-904)
Shouhong Wang, Hai Wang
Web portals, based on traditional Web technologies developed in the late 1990s, present serious limitations regarding information search...
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Semantic Web Portals
Chapter 149
Semantic Web, RDF, and Portals
(pages 905-911)
Ah Lian Kor
In existing literature, Semantic Web portals (SWPs) are sometimes known as semantic portals or semantically enhanced portals. It is the next...
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Semantic Web, RDF, and Portals
Chapter 150
Service Quality in E-Government Portals
(pages 912-917)
Fatma Bouaziz, Rekik Fakhfakh
In recent years, e-government seems to become a driver of the government modernization in the world. According to Ronaghan (2002) and Musgrave...
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Service Quality in E-Government Portals
Chapter 151
Setting Up and Developing an Educational Portal
(pages 918-923)
Luiz Antonio Joia, Elaine Tavares Rodrigues
Over the past few years, an ever-increasing number of portals have been appearing on the Web. However, there is still precious little systematic...
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Setting Up and Developing an Educational Portal
Chapter 152
Sharing and Managing Knowledge through Portals
(pages 924-926)
Teemu Paavola
Any attempt to develop IT applications to manage information processes in a knowledge work setting will inevitably encounter the work of Ikujiro...
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Sharing and Managing Knowledge through Portals
Chapter 153
SHRM Portals in the 21st Century Organisation
(pages 927-933)
Beverley Lloyd-Walker
The importance of people to organisational success has been recognised; the implications of this for human resource departments forms the basis for...
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SHRM Portals in the 21st Century Organisation
Chapter 154
SMEs and Portals
(pages 934-939)
Ron Craig
This article looks at portals from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and those concerned with the success of these...
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SMEs and Portals
Chapter 155
Software Agent Augmented Portals
(pages 940-946)
Yuan Miao
The Internet was designed to connect distributed networks. It, however, provides a new way for people to interact. Connectivity becomes an important...
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Software Agent Augmented Portals
Chapter 156
Spatio-Temporal Portals for Continuously Changing Network Nodes
(pages 947-952)
Byunggu Yu, Ruben Gamboa
OGSA is a service-oriented architecture (SOA); that is, server nodes in the grid advertise the services they offer, client nodes use the grid to...
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Spatio-Temporal Portals for Continuously Changing Network Nodes
Chapter 157
SQL Injection Attack as a Threat of Web Portals
(pages 953-959)
Theodoros Tzouramanis
SQL injection attack (CERT, 2002) is one of the most prevalent security problems faced by today's security professionals. It is today the most...
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SQL Injection Attack as a Threat of Web Portals
Chapter 158
Standardisation for Electronic Markets
(pages 960-967)
Kai Jakobs
Until not so long ago, electronic business was typically characterised by one-to-one relations—a customer doing business with a vendor. A big vendor...
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Standardisation for Electronic Markets
Chapter 159
State Portals as a Framework to Standardize E-Government Services
(pages 968-973)
Paul Chalekian
State portals play a prominent role in the convergence of politics and administration. On November 8, 2000, U.S. voters received conflicting media...
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State Portals as a Framework to Standardize E-Government Services
Chapter 160
Strategic Planning Portals
(pages 974-978)
Javier Osorio
The history of strategic planning begins in the military. According to Webster's New World Dictionary, strategy is the science of planning and...
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Strategic Planning Portals
Chapter 161
A Study of a Wine Industry Internet Portal
(pages 979-984)
Carmine Sellitto
A simple definition of a portal sees it as a special Internet (or intranet) Web site designed to act as a gateway to give convenient access to other...
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A Study of a Wine Industry Internet Portal
Chapter 162
Success Factors for the Implementation of Enterprise Portals
(pages 985-991)
Ulrich Remus
The implementation of enterprise portals is still ranked top on the wish list of many CEOs, expecting that the portal becomes the core system for...
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Success Factors for the Implementation of Enterprise Portals
Chapter 163
A Supplier Portal in the Automotive Industry
(pages 992-996)
Martina Gerst
The use of Internet technologies and particularly portal technologies facilitate the creation of networks of relationships within the supply chain...
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A Supplier Portal in the Automotive Industry
Chapter 164
Supply Chain Management and Portal Technology
(pages 997-1001)
Scott Paquette
The role of corporate portals as tools for managing organizational knowledge has been constantly changing throughout their short lifetime. An...
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Supply Chain Management and Portal Technology
Chapter 165
Supporting Pedagogical Strategies for Distance Learning Courses
(pages 1002-1010)
Joberto S.B. Martins
Educational portals, for distance learning courses, have a broader and more focused set of objectives and requirements that, typically, go well...
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Supporting Pedagogical Strategies for Distance Learning Courses
Chapter 166
Teaching Collaborative Web Portals Technology at a University
(pages 1011-1019)
Fuensanta Medina-Domínguez
A collaborative Web portal is a Web site that consists of a set of Web pages, grouped according to specific criteria, from which users can access...
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Teaching Collaborative Web Portals Technology at a University
Chapter 167
Topic-Oriented Portals
(pages 1020-1025)
Alexander Sigel, Khalil Ahmed
In general, portals are regarded as gateways to networked information and services, facilitating access to other related sites. Typically, portals...
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Topic-Oriented Portals
Chapter 168
A Two-Tier Approach to Elicit Enterprise Portal User Requirements
(pages 1026-1032)
Eric Tsui
Organizations are increasingly turning to enterprise portals to support knowledge work. Portal deployment can be intradepartmental across several...
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A Two-Tier Approach to Elicit Enterprise Portal User Requirements
Chapter 169
Ubiquitous Access to Information Through Portable, Mobile, and Handheld Devices
(pages 1033-1039)
Ch. Z. Patrikakis
Use of mobile devices for supporting our everyday communication has become part of our daily routine. Recent statistics illustrate that the...
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Ubiquitous Access to Information Through Portable, Mobile, and Handheld Devices
Chapter 170
The Ubiquitous Portal
(pages 1040-1044)
Arthur Tatnall
The word portal can be used to represent many different things, ranging from the elaborate entranceway to a medieval cathedral to a gateway to...
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The Ubiquitous Portal
Chapter 171
University Portals as Gateway or Wall, Narrative, or Database
(pages 1045-1049)
Stephen Sobol
Most definitions of a portal involve the term "gate" or "gateway" and a Web portal can thus be seen as a gateway to information and services on the...
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University Portals as Gateway or Wall, Narrative, or Database
Chapter 172
Usability Engineering and Research on Shopping Portals
(pages 1050-1053)
Yuan Gao, Hua Luo
A business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic marketplace (emarketplace) portal helps online shoppers in searching for desired products and services...
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Usability Engineering and Research on Shopping Portals
Chapter 173
Usability, Sociability, and Accessibility of Web Portals
(pages 1054-1059)
S. Ntoa, G. Margetis
The evaluation of a Web portal may apparently seem to increase the complexity of its design and development. However, an appropriately planned and...
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Usability, Sociability, and Accessibility of Web Portals
Chapter 174
User Acceptance Affecting the Adoption of Enterprise Portals
(pages 1060-1067)
Steffen Moeller
The implementation of enterprise portals has been cited as the most important business information project of the next decade (Collins, 1999; Daniel...
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User Acceptance Affecting the Adoption of Enterprise Portals
Chapter 175
User Modeling in Information Portals
(pages 1068-1073)
George D. Magoulas
This article provides a background on existing approaches for developing user models. It identifies the basic types of information that need to be...
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User Modeling in Information Portals
Chapter 176
Using Intelligent Learning Objects in Adaptive Educational Portals
(pages 1074-1078)
Ricardo Azambuja Silveira, Eduardo Rodrigues Gomes
The learning object (LO) approach is based on the premise that the reuse of learning material is very important to designing learning environments...
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Using Intelligent Learning Objects in Adaptive Educational Portals
Chapter 177
Vertical Web Portals in Primary Education
(pages 1079-1084)
Lara Preiser-Houy, Margaret Russell
Advances in digital technologies and proliferation of the Internet as an ubiquitous platform for communication and information open up new...
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Vertical Web Portals in Primary Education
Chapter 178
Visit Duration and Consumer Preference toward Web Portal Conent
(pages 1085-1090)
Hsiu-Yuan Tsao, Koong H.C. Lin, Chad Lin
A Web portal possesses a number of unique advantages. Discussion of these advantages centers on improved information access via either customized...
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Visit Duration and Consumer Preference toward Web Portal Conent
Chapter 179
Visual Metaphors for Designing Portals and Site Maps
(pages 1091-1103)
Robert Laurini
When one says, "life is a struggle," "life is a journey," "at the evening of the life," "at the dusk of the life," he or she is using metaphors. A...
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Visual Metaphors for Designing Portals and Site Maps
Chapter 180
Watermarking Integration into Portals
(pages 1104-1109)
Patrick Wolf
Digital watermarking has become an accepted security technology to protect media such as images, audio, video, 3-D, or even text-based documents...
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Watermarking Integration into Portals
Chapter 181
Web Directories for Information Organization on Web Portals
(pages 1110-1116)
Xin Fu
Two methods are currently used to organize and retrieve information on the Internet. Search engines like Google and AltaVista use a robot-based...
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Web Directories for Information Organization on Web Portals
Chapter 182
Web Museums and the French Population
(pages 1117-1123)
Roxane Bernier
Web museums take their origin from the "imaginary museum" (Malraux, 1956). They have sparked enthusiastic claims for art democratization, or the...
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Web Museums and the French Population
Chapter 183
Web Museums as the Last Endeavor
(pages 1124-1130)
Roxane Bernier
In the 19th century, the museum was generally constituted as an accumulation of uncatalogued objects, while its fundamental role was relatively...
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Web Museums as the Last Endeavor
Chapter 184
Web Portal Application Development Technologies
(pages 1131-1137)
Américo Sampaio
The growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web has contributed to significant changes in many areas of our society. The Web has provided new ways...
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Web Portal Application Development Technologies
Chapter 185
The Web Portal as a Collaborative Tool
(pages 1138-1143)
Michelle Rowe, Wayne Pease
Discussion of portals and their relevance to destination tourism is the main focus of this chapter. Traditional definitions of portals have focused...
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The Web Portal as a Collaborative Tool
Chapter 186
Web Portal for Genomic and Epidemiologic Medical Data
(pages 1144-1150)
Mónica Miguélez Rico
Medical data and digital imaging for medical diagnosis currently represent a very important research area in computer science. The generation of...
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Web Portal for Genomic and Epidemiologic Medical Data
Chapter 187
A Web Portal for the Remote Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants
(pages 1151-1156)
Walter Hürster, Thomas Wilbois, Fernando Chaves
Nuclear power plants are equipped with safety installations that should, for all practical cases, preclude the occurrence of a nuclear accident....
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A Web Portal for the Remote Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants
Chapter 188
Web Portals as an Exemplar for Tourist Destinations
(pages 1157-1160)
Michelle Rowe, Wayne Pease, Pauline McLeod
Continuing on from an earlier article in this publication that considers portals and their relevance to destination tourism, this article...
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Web Portals as an Exemplar for Tourist Destinations
Chapter 189
Web Portals Designed for Educational Purposes
(pages 1161-1165)
Lucy Di Paola
The increase in the use of technology in daily life activities has led to the growth and popularity of Internet portal sites. Portals are gateways...
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Web Portals Designed for Educational Purposes
Chapter 190
Web Services for Learning in Educational Settings
(pages 1166-1168)
Brent B. Andresen
It is only quite recently that politicians and educational thinkers have begun seriously to reconsider the traditional learning environments and to...
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Web Services for Learning in Educational Settings
Chapter 191
Web Site Portals in Local Authorities
(pages 1169-1176)
Robert Laurini
Nowadays, practically all big cities have a Web site. The objective of this article is not to make a detailed study about their contents, but to...
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Championship soccer teams get that way by not relying on simply one or two players to carry the scoring load. Kelsey Carraciolo proved that Saturday by scoring both of Hamline's goals in a 2-0 women's soccer win over Central in Pella, Iowa. Molly Jacobs stayed perfect in goal with three saves as Hamline improved to 3-0 with the win.
Carraciolo, a senior from Bozeman, Mont., helped HU take control of the game when she converted an Aileen Scheibner for her first goal since her freshman season (2009) just 1:45 into the game. The Pipers kept up the pressure the rest of the half, holding the Dutch shotless.
The home team cranked it up a bit in the second half but Jacobs held firm until 74:23 when Carraciolo struck again, this time on a feed from Brienne Garside. That was all Jacobs needed for her third shutout in a row. It marked the first time Hamline's women team had recorded three straight blankings since doing so to wrap up the 2007 season. Hamline outshot Central, 8-3, for the game.
The Pipers will look to make it four in a row with a rare Sunday matinee at Cornell. Game time is 1:00 p.m.
Central boxscore


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>Runner's World - My Event Ratings>
In short: Slightly amaturish organisation, but not a bad runIn full: Overall, I enjoyed this race (my first time), and I'm very appreciative of the helpful marshals. But the overall organisation was a bit lax.It was annoying to have run out of water at the top of the hilly section. Fortunately it was a cool, wet day, so this wasn't as critical as it might have been, but still.I wasn't too keen on having to run on open roads with no pavement, but I don't suppose they have much option.It was a little annoying to find my back left out in the rain at the end of the race.Sorry, this sounds a bit moany, which I don't like to do as the individual marshals did a great job, and were obviously just 'following orders'. It was some of those decisions that were a bit questionable.Like others have said, the memento was a bit disappointing.I probably won't do the race again as it's a bit far for me to travel, but it's a good distance to run -- more challenging than a 10K, and with some testing hills in the first half.Date of review: December 14, 2009
In short: Brighton deserves betterIn full: I've done the Brighton 10K many times, and no doubt will do it again. But I do it because it's Brighton, which is a good place for a race, and because I have friends who also do the race.The reality is that this is a poor event that has inadequate water stations and almost zero marshalling. There are 2 or 3 distance markers through the course. If you live away from the sea, like me, it's a great course along the seafront but it's hard not to feel that the runners are pretty much ignored apart from the start and finish area. The lack of water stations, and the amateurishness of the one they had, was inexcusable. Runners need water!But as I said, Brighton is a great meeting place for friends, and for this reason, we'll keep coming back. Date of review: November 15, 2009
In short: Not one for grumpy old me - like meIn full: Sorry, but here's a voice of dissent amongst the superlatives. It's my fault, I should have given it more thought, but this really isn't a race for grumpy old men like me, or for runners going on their own. The organisation was really good, and if you like 'organised fun' and/or going with a crowd of friends (especially if you're on the way to a party afterwards) you'll like this a lot. I just found it neither one thing nor another -- neither a party or a race, but something in between. A lot of people seem to have had a great time, and for their sake I hope it returns. But I don't think that I will. Date of review: November 1, 2009
In short: Very pleasant surroundings with good mix of entrantsIn full: First time doing this race.I'm just creeping back to fitness, so found it quite a tough run in places, but there's nothing that should put off a newcomer. The organisation was great, with the exception of the entrance to the forest, where I was held up for 2 minutes, waiting to get through the narrow entrance.The terrain is bumpy and undulating with one or two steep stretches where most people stopped to walk.Weather was perfect, but I did wonder what it would have been like in heavy rain. Could have been pretty difficult underfoot.All things considered, a race to recommend. Organised by the local hospice, so I didn't begrudge the £15 entry, and even brought along a bag of stuff for their charity shops. A worthy cause, and a very pleasant event.Date of review: October 19, 2009
In short: Flat, friendly, handy for spring marathoners. In full: I've done the race twice (2002 and 2009). The 4 x 5 mile laps around suburban streets isn't everyone's cup of tea, but for me, and I think many entrants, it's a long training run for the London, or some other, marathon. It does its job in that respect.Crowd support from the local residents is indifferent at best, but most of the marshals are pleasant and encouraging. I was very glad of the energy drink at the two water stations though a minor gripe is that they seemed a bit close together.Liked the memento.Didn't notice the loo shortage as there was a strategically-placed copse that did the job just as well -- for the men at least.All in all, a good value event. Just a shame that given the location, we don't really get to enjoy the sea during the run. I would probably do it again if it came at the right time during spring marathon training.Date of review: April 6, 2009
In short: Very pleasant race -- good course and well organised. In full: I didn't find the course as flat as some of the other reviewers. In fact, the first 3km is pretty much uphill all the way. Not especially steep, but relentless, and it knackered me.But that isn't a criticism. It just means that for most of us, this isn't a PB course but an interesting diversion from the norm, with a range of surfaces -- road, field, woodland path, canal towpath -- to keep us occupied.Newbury is a nice town, and just right for a race of this size; the locals were supportive and seemed genuinely pleased with the event.Chunky medal and interesting goody bag makes this a good value race, and a very pleasant way to spend a Sunday morning. I'll do it again next year if it's repeated.Thank you to the jovial and supportive marshals.Date of review: June 2, 2008
In short: Fast and flatIn full: Overall an excellent race with nice medal and goody bag. Very fast, flat course around the lake. Easy parking.Two complaints: I'd no idea where the start line was, so was unsure when to start my watch. And the numbers started to disintegrate in the rain, and a lot of people had to stop and reattach.But the positives outweigh these complaints. Good event, generally well organised. It helped that there was a tri happening later in the day which attracted the garb vendors. Date of review: July 1, 2007
In short: Good event but a bit crowdedIn full: If you like races with that 'big event' feel, you'll be happy with Oxford. We were lucky with the weather -- perhaps a bit too lucky. It was hot, which probably explains the problems at the first water station. They were understaffed and couldn't fill the cups fast enough to meet the demand. Like a lot of people, I skipped that one, and felt dehydrated till the next one. Not a major problem, but a little inconvenient given the strong sunshine.But there were plenty of positives to make up for it: very pleasant route through the city and the Parks, great crowd support for a 10K, good pre-race organisation with the tents. The lack of goody bag/medal was a shame. We got a slightly gaudy water bottle instead for me to add to my collection. It's the 5th time I've been given one at the end of a race, so it will join the other 4 unused ones. Not a big deal.My only other grumble is with the number of iPod wearers. This is a congested, tight course, and absolutely unsuited to iPod zombies.Pretty crowded, which isn't a big problem for me as I'm a back-of-the-field plodder, but might cause difficulties higher up the field, especially if you're really going for a PB.But despite those couple of negative points, this is definitely a race to recommend. I'll be back next year.Date of review: May 21, 2007
In short: Friendly, local race. Well organised. Date of review: May 7, 2007
In short: So near, yet so far.In full: We were nearly halfway round when I overheard a woman in front of me wearily ask her running partner: "How many miles *are* there in this race?""Thirteen", he panted."Thirteen! Oh bloody hell!"This struck me as a curious exchange. Come on. You get up early one Sunday morning, pin your race number to your top and put your running gear on. You check the map to find the best way to Reading, and to the start line. Meet up with your running mate and stand in a frozen field for an hour, waiting for the last possible moment to take off your fleece and dump your baggage onto the truck. You queue for another half hour at the start, manufacturing yet more small talk before setting off. You then run six miles.And then, and only then, does the question cross your mind... How long is this race I am running in today...? She was no first-timer either, on the evidence of her well-used Asics and pleasingly Lycra-ed bottom. Reading does attract a lot of them. Lycra-ed bottoms? Yes, but I really meant first-timers. Numbers pinned to the back of hooded fleeces (with just two safety pins). Khaki shorts. Tennis shoes. Coarse walking socks. A duffel bag. Balaclava. Two litre bottle of Pepsi. All exhibits for the prosecution case. Not that it's of any concern to me really. I just find it odd that some people find it hard to distinguish between strolling in the countryside and running an urban half marathon.I was a first-timer at Reading too, in 2002. Today was my third visit in four years, and I'm delighted that the organisers have decided to retain some of the race's most celebrated traditions, like delaying the start by half an hour to ensure that any odd toes escaping frost damage in the long wait in the playing field can be properly finished off. This makes sure that any trace of pre-race high spirits can be thoroughly subdued, greatly reducing the danger of releasing glee onto the streets of Reading.But if you survive the annual, terrible start, you're in for quite a treat. Reading is surely the most frustrating of the big races on the calendar. Every year, the organisers so nearly get it right. Every year there are Everest-like, man-made organisational obstacles to overcome. Every year, emotional runners line up to denounce the race on the RW forum, declaring that they will never run this race again. Unsuccessful social gatherings in breweries are referred to. And yet. And yet...And yet so much else about the Reading Half is good. For an urban race, the course is good. If you subtract the opening stretch through Whitley, and the final mile or two round the featureless business park behind the Madejski, it's an attractive course that takes you through the university, a variety of tree-lined residential areas and the town centre - all to the accompaniment of the best crowd support I've come across outside the big city marathons. One or two inclines aside, it's a flat course. Ten thousand-ish good humoured runners, many rehearsing their London Marathon fancy dress performances.Delays notwithstanding, I enjoyed this race a lot. The first two numb-toed miles were challenging, but after that it just slipped by, without me really noticing it. My preparation for the race was poor, but at least I knew how many miles I had to run. And I ran them.www.runningcommentary.co.ukDate of review: March 10, 2005
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9th-12th Grade Discovery Programs
Genetics at the Zoo
Science SOL BIO.5
Modern professional zoos pay a lot of attention to the genetics of their collections. Let us help your students explore inheritance of traits in domestic and wild populations, and genetic management for sustainable zoo populations.
Presented on-site at the Zoo or at your school as a Zoo-to-You program.
Am I in the Right Class?
Science SOL BIO 7
Why and how do scientists classify living things? Students will explore this question as they meet an animal from each of five classes (insects or arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). Key characteristics that place each example in each class will be highlighted, and specific adaptations that allow each animal to survive in its natural habitat will be covered as well.
Presented on-site at the Zoo or at your school as a Zoo-to-You program.
Who Shares the Watershed?
Science SOLs BIO.1, BIO.2, BIO.8
Native program animals help establish the connection to local wetlands and the watershed. Students will perform approximate and precise measurements like those used in monitoring tidal waters, and perhaps arrive at some new ideas for their own science projects.
Presented on-site at the Zoo or at your school as a Zoo-to-You program
(Please note that holding the program at the Zoo allows for actual observation of wildlife in tidal wetlands included within and bordering the Zoo grounds at the visiting teacher's discretion.)
If your students have enjoyed African Observer in previous years, call us and ask about Asian Observer.
We are usually able to accommodate multiple programs simultaneously on Zoo grounds.
If you do not see a program here that fits your instructional goals, we can create a custom program for you. We can include specified SOLs or other topics to create a program just for your class. Recent special topics have included:
- Careers in zoology
- Ecosystems and communities
- Animals in literature
- The Zoo as a service business
Please contact the Education Department for more information.
Some programs are available to go to your school. These presentations must take place in a space that does not have any air-breathing animals. We are able to offer multiple presentations of only one program on each outreach.
Program Days:
Program Times:
Begin at 10:00 a.m. on Zoo grounds and off site, and can be scheduled throughout the day. Multiple presentations of the same program may be scheduled on the same day.
Pre-registration is required. Click here for registration form. For more information, contact the Education Department.
Cost of a Program at the Zoo:
$200.00 per program (30 students maximum).
Fee includes Zoo admission.
Cost of Zoo-to-You Program Off-Site:
Travel fee (based on roundtrip mileage from the Zoo) plus $200.00 per program (30 children maximum).
Travel Fees for Zoo-to-You Programs:
|0-15 miles from Zoo
|16-30 miles from Zoo
|31-45 miles from Zoo
|46-60 miles from Zoo
|61-75 miles from Zoo
Click here to return to School Discovery Programs main page.


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Cowboy Kyle's Critters - Felipe
Felipe is a fun loving, happy all the time, glass half ful kinda dog looking for someone who loves to laugh and play. You'll really need a a great sense of humor and some time to spend with him. Felipe is a dog on a mission... TO PLEASE YOU!
To Adopt Felipe or any other animal at McKamey Animal Center...
McKamey Animal Center
4500 N. Access Road
Chattanooga, TN 37415
Adoption hours: Wednesday through Saturday 11-7; Sunday 1-7
Our low cost adoptions include:
• All animals are spayed/neutered
• Age-appropriate vaccinations
• Physical exams
• Microchip
• Deworming
• Heartworm negative (dogs)
• FeLV/FIV negative (cats)
• Behavioral assessment
• ASPCA Meet Your Match Assessment
Adoption Fees:
• Dogs (over 6 months)--$50
• Puppies (under 6 months)--$75
• McKamey Minis (adult dogs under 20 lbs)--$75
• Cats (over 6 months)--$20
• Kittens (under 6 months)--$25


text:
perform. create. explore.
The Muhlenberg Theatre & Dance Tumblr is a great place to get an exclusive behind-the-scenes look at Muhlenberg productions through the eyes of current Theatre & Dance students. Check it out!
Meet the Muhlenberg Theatre & Dance Bloggers
Check out the current Mainstage Season
Want to know more? Just fill out the form!
Photo: James Morgan in 44 Plays for 44 Presidents 2012. Photo by Kenny Ek, Kenek Photography.


text:
Duggars Considering Adoption
They have 19 children, two grandchildren and one more on the way, but Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar say that doesn't necessarily mean their family is complete.
"We are open to the idea of adoption," Michelle, 45, tells PEOPLE. "We are praying about it, and we will see what God has in store. Love for children has been placed on our hearts."
The ever-expanding crew – eldest son Josh, 25, and his wife, Anna, 24, just recently announced they are expecting their third child in June – were moved by a visit to an orphanage in China on their recent trip there.
The visit to Beijing was filmed for TLC's special 19 Kids & Counting: Duggars Do Asia, which airs Tuesday (9 p.m. ET) on TLC. Watch an exclusive clip below.
"The kids are definitely pushing towards wanting us to open our home up to another child or more," says Michelle. "They see how much we have been blessed with and how little so many children have and they want to share. We tell our children that would have to be something that is God's will for our family, and we will see if it is. Our children love children, and we all do."
Though Michelle and Jim Bob, 45, lost their last pregnancy – a girl they named Jubilee – to miscarriage in 2011, Michelle says, "We are open to whatever is in store. It doesn't really matter whether I would have another child or we would adopt, but we want to approach it with an open heart."
She adds, "We have friends that have adopted children who are a great influence in our lives, and we have talked about their experiences. So it's something we've considered. We have to know for sure that is what God wants for us to do."
"When he gives us a child [through pregnancy], there is no doubt in our minds that is what He wants, but when it comes to adoption, we would have to know for sure that was His will."
So does this mean they're actually applying? How would they know that it is "God's will" that they adopt a child if they don't?


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Ray Floyd never had a doubt in his mind that he wanted to be a professional golfer. Growing up in North Carolina, he had a natural talent for playing the sport and a father who managed a golf course—meaning endless access to a mentor and equipment, luxuries many aspiring golfers don't have.
Also a skilled baseball player in high school, he was offered a spot on the Cleveland Indians' roster but turned it down to pursue golf.
Floyd turned pro at age 21 in 1963, winning Rookie of the Year that year. By 1970, he had accomplished his three major goals: to win a PGA Tour event, to win a Major and to make a Ryder Cup team
Still, that didn't mean he always took the game seriously.
Off the course, Floyd was notorious for partying, an interest that affected his golf records. After his rookie accomplishments, he went four years without a victory in the early 1970s.
It took a woman named Maria Fraietta to straighten him out.
He met her in Miami Beach when he was 31 and asked her on a date the second time he laid eyes on her. Nine months later they were married, and nine months after that they welcomed their first child.
Ray credited Maria for helping him turn around his golf career. He's won 22 PGA Tours, including four major championships, and played on eight Ryder Cup teams, captaining one and serving as assistant on another. In 1986, Ray captured the U.S. Open at age 43, the oldest winner at the time. Three years later he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame, and in 1992 he became the first player to win on the PGA Tour and Champions Tour in the same year.
A fierce competitor, Ray was known for "the stare"—an intense look of concentration that appeared in his eyes when he was on his way to a tournament win.
Yet the formidable stare is a little dimmer these days.
In September, Maria passed away after a battle with bladder cancer. As Ray's wife of 39 years, she had been a fixture on his side, both on and off the course. In 2009, the couple led a campaign to raise funds for the renovation of Palm Beach's Par 3 golf course, a project Ray completed for free.
The Floyds moved to the Palm Beach area in 1997, and Ray took up golf course design when he retired in 2010. In addition to the Par 3, he's developed or renovated several courses throughout Florida, including Old Palm in Palm Beach Gardens.
Ray also donates his time as an instructor for Hook A Kid On Golf, a summer program that teaches children how to play the game.
PBI caught up with Ray about his life and golf game past and present—and the woman who turned both around for the better.
When you were 17, you were offered the opportunity to play baseball for Cleveland. Why did you decide to pursue golf instead?
It was one of those fatherly things. My dad would've had to cosign the contract because I wasn't of age. The [recruiter] offered me some money—quite a bit back in 1960—and I looked at my dad and said, "What do you think?" He said, "My advice to you is: If you want to play baseball, you give it 100 percent and you forget about golf. And if it's golf you want to play, you shake that gentleman's hand and thank him for his time and his offer."
It took me about five seconds. I stood up and I thanked the man for his time and his effort. I wanted to play golf.
That's the influence of a parent. It's better than parenting 101—it's pretty good parenting.
You went on to have a stellar golf career. What's your most meaningful or memorable achievement?
If somebody said, "We're taking all of your tournament wins away from you, but we're going to leave you one," I'd say, "Well, you'd have to leave the Father-Son Challenge," because I won that with both of my sons.
With only four majors in the world, and me winning three of the four, and with the Hall of Fame—it's something that you never even dream to achieve. My goal was to be a professional golfer. Never dreamed that I'd achieve what I did in the game.
What is the one golf tip you would tell aspiring players?
Get professional instruction. Absolutely. That's the best tip I could ever give anybody getting into the game. It is paramount, because the habits you create can be good or bad. You get proper instruction, you create the good habits and the game comes to you a lot easier and a lot quicker.
What's the best golf advice you ever received?
I learned it early because of my dad: Practice. Like most things you do, what you get out of it is what you put in. Playing just once a week is not going to make you a better player. The most successful people in the world, in any industry, didn't work from 9-5—not one of them. They worked more hours than you could even fathom.
What would you say has been the biggest change you've seen in golf since you started playing professionally?
Technology. The equipment is so much more sophisticated. You can hit the ball farther, and it doesn't curve as much. It makes it easier to play than with the equipment of old. It's like an automobile: Would you want to drive a 1955 Ford or a 2015 Ford [laughs]? It's improved.
You're known for your infamous stare when you're concentrating hard on the course. What's going on behind the eyes?
I never realized that I did it, obviously, because it was when I got into the zone. My wife, Maria, once told a reporter, "I have seen him win golf tournaments without the stare, but I've never seen him lose one with it."
It was that zone—I always felt like I hardly was walking; I was kind of floating. I was looking through people. Had I been able to induce that stare at will, I'd have won a lot more.
Maria had a huge impact on your golf game. How did she inspire you as an athlete?
It was just her influence. She was just a special person in so many ways, but she had like a sixth sense, if you will.
The first year we were married, I would ruin the middle of a tournament. [During one in particular,] I wanted to hurry back to Miami to go to the [car] races. She said, "Please don't do that." I did anyway. We went back to the hotel, and I was packing, rushing, throwing everything in a suitcase, wanting to get to the airport to catch a plane, and I said to her, "What are you doing? Get ready?" She looked at me and said, "I came here to be here through the weekend, and I'm not leaving here until the weekend's over."
That was one of the great weekends of my life, because we sat and talked. She said, "Look, you're 32 years old. If you don't like golf or if you don't feel like that's what you want to do, you're young enough to start another career." Of course, that was the slap against the head, because that was all I ever wanted to do. My only goal in life was to be a golf professional. So that was really a wakeup call.
She knew when to pat me on the back, and she knew when to kick me in the rear [laughs]. She was a great partner.
What do you remember about the first time you saw or met her?
I remember everything. I used to stay at the Palm Bay Club, and our mutual friend owned an apartment there. I met Maria the first year I came there. She was beautiful. I came back the next year, and I saw her my first day back, and I went up and asked her if I could I take her to dinner. That was around March, and we married in December.
Golf is often heralded as the sport of a lifetime. What does that mean to you?
Golf's a game of integrity. We don't have official calling rules. If you have five strokes, you write five. You don't move the ball; you play it as it lies. And you learn if you do something wrong, you pay the penalty. I've always said if one led their life by the rules of the game of golf, they'd be a stand-up citizen.
It's a gentlemanly game. It's a game of compassion. You're trying to beat the people you're playing with, but it's sporting. You're polite, you're still and you don't talk when others play.
What would you say is your life motto?
Keep on living [laughs].
How do you want to be remembered?
I think my legacy will be my family—my children and my grandchildren. I would want them to look up and say that I was a good father or a good grandfather. I couldn't care less about my career as a legacy. As a human being, I would like to be remembered by more about my family. That's important to me.


text:
Sort of a tangent from the Bachmann thread. With the little guy sick and stuck indoors this weekend I have been reading/watching coverage and I was curious about TCF's opinions on Jon Huntsman and Herman Cain?
Cain has had great success in the private sector and fared well in Iowa (3rd place with 10%), but as Clayman pointed out in the Bachmann thread lack of political experience can be used both for and against a candidate depending on what side of the fence the critic resides.
Huntsman seems to be just the opposite. The guy has an impressive resume of political experience, both in executive and as an abassador across party lines. He does have the religious stigma with him however, and his social views will be scrutinized to no end (not that I'm suggesting that scrutiny is necessarily a bad thing).
Thoughts? Opinions? Either of these guys a real threat at this point, iyo?


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Selected Discography
Track List: True Romance
Track List: All Of Me (Deluxe Version)
Track List: Shine
Track List: The 18th Day...
Track List: Back To Love (Remixes)
Track List: Fall In Love (Single)
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If ya know wut I mean
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iHerb Commentaires des clients
Économie de: €6.16 (44 % de remise)
Funky taste
Publié par Reviewer1620488 le Nov 28, 2009
I had high hopes for these flakes, but I'm afraid they taste a bit odd to me. Even putting them as "cheese" on some foods, there is just something different about them that makes them more of a distraction than an actual part of the food. I doubt I'll order them again. (By the way, I have very sensitive taste buds, so I am rather picky about food.)
I don't know...
Publié par annannaljuba le Jun 16, 2011
I read multiple times people describing the taste as parmesan-cheese like. I'm confused, because it really tastes nothing like parmesan, wich is why I bought it. I was really disappointed. But as far as yeast goes, the taste is not bitter at all.
Publié par Reviewer1124894 le Oct 01, 2011
I've read so much good stuff about this, but I didn't like it at all. Looks like fish food and smells/tastes weird. My mom enjoyed it, though, so I guess it's just me.
Strong Taste
Publié par Reviewer3350988 le Mar 06, 2012
A little too overpowering for my son in smoothies.
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AEP objects to release of records
The Columbus Dispatch - October 04, 2011 04:15 PM
Digging into an American Electric Power proposal to increase its rates, Dispatch reporter Dan Gearino filed a public records request for documents the company sent to the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio.
AEP and others now are lobbying the PUCO to retroactively declare the documents confidential to shield what the utility claims are trade secrets.
Opinions on The Dispatch's records request are divided, with AEP and others believing the documents should be secret and some saying the records are public and not exempt from release.
Read Gearino's story: AEP opposes release of rate-hike records for the details.


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