text:
|All Brands
|Lost Store
|Boards Shortboards
|Lost Beach Buggy 6'0 Surfboard - HTBB-114345 in Poly/Sand/Color
Style: HTBB-114345
"Designed specifically with input and feedback from world tour veteran and high performance surfing icon, Taj Burrow. This collaboration/collection stems from the work done to satisfy TBs needs for his trademark brand of razor sharp and explosive, cutting edge competitive and free surfing. With two World Tour wins (Snapper Rocks and Steamer Lane) in our first full season (2012) of working together, the results more than speak for themselves. The Beach Buggy Derived from the Whiplash-TB. The TB-Stepdown is more of an every-mans high performance shortboard. Used by many WT and Qualifying Series competitors, because it works equally well in small junk surf. Featuring the Same WL-TB, hyper extended tail rocker (for tight radius arcs off the back foot) but a significantly more relaxed entry rocker, which combined with a wider nose allows for more drive and forward momentum , and stability, with a bigger landing platform from reverse and tweaked airs. A wider hip and tail block is added to the outline in the tail for more lift at low speeds, but the tail width at 12 is relatively the same as the WL- TB. This allows for superior precision and control than most al other grovel boards. With the centerline and rail volume is carried farther into the rails .and out to nose and tail the TB-stepdown is designed to be ridden 1-2 shorter than the WLashTB. In the right size, this is a HP shortboard that can be ridden and enjoyed by most surfers of average to above average ability not just for " -Lost.
Inside you will find a helpful sizing guide. Use it to find out your true size in different articles of clothing. It will help you determine what size boardshorts or bikini to buy this summer!
You will also find a bundle of new fashion terms that you may have heard before but never quite understood. So, if you're not sure what whiskers, pleats, viscose or the likes of many other terms are, head on over to our glossary section.
Feed your brain, it will enlighten your online shopping experience.
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text:
Do fast foods cause asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Global findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three
- Philippa Ellwood1,
- M Innes Asher1,
- Luis García-Marcos2,
- Hywel Williams3,
- Ulrich Keil4,
- Colin Robertson5,
- Gabriele Nagel6,
- the ISAAC Phase III Study Group*
- 1Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- 2Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Units, 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- 3Centre for Evidence Based Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- 4Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
- 5Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 6Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence to Philippa Ellwood, Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; p.ellwood{at}auckland.ac.nz
- Received 14 June 2012
- Revised 1 November 2012
- Accepted 23 November 2012
- Published Online First 14 January 2013
Background Certain foods may increase or decrease the risk of developing asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. We explored the impact of the intake of types of food on these diseases in Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.
Methods Written questionnaires on the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema and types and frequency of food intake over the past 12 months were completed by 13–14-year-old adolescents and by the parents/guardians of 6–7-year-old children. Prevalence ORs were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders, and using a random (mixed) effects model.
Results For adolescents and children, a potential protective effect on severe asthma was associated with consumption of fruit ≥3 times per week (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.97, respectively). An increased risk of severe asthma in adolescents and children was associated with the consumption of fast food ≥3 times per week (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.49; OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.42, respectively), as well as an increased risk of severe rhinoconjunctivitis and severe eczema. Similar patterns for both ages were observed for regional analyses, and were consistent with gender and affluence categories and with current symptoms of all three conditions.
Conclusions If the association between fast foods and the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema is causal, then the findings have major public health significance owing to the rising consumption of fast foods globally.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Bill Kauffman
Associate Director, Communications
Phone: 719-228-6800
E-Mail: email@example.com
U.S. Women's Press Kit for Pan American Cup
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (July 9, 2011) - Nancy Metcalf (Hull, Iowa) scored a match-high 18 points in leading the U.S. Women's National Team to a 25-21, 25-16, 25-13 victory over Cuba Saturday evening in the bronze-medal match of the X Women's Pan American Cup at Juarez, Mexico.
Top-ranked Brazil will face Dominican Republic, which defeated the Americans Friday night in the semifinals, later tonight in the gold-medal match.
In last year's Pan American Cup semifinal, Dominican Republic defeated the U.S. in four sets as well and went on to win the gold medal. The Americans finished the 2010 Pan American Cup with the bronze medal after sweeping Cuba in the third-place match.
The U.S. reached one of its primary objectives of the tournament – berth into the 2012 FIVB World Grand Prix. By reaching the semifinals, the U.S. assured itself of qualification into the 2012 FIVB World Grand Prix. The top four NORCECA teams, Brazil and the top South American team other than Brazil in the final Pan American Cup standings earn berths into next year's World Grand Prix.
The U.S. used a 3-0 run to break an early 4-all tie in the opening set, but its second 3-0 run of the set after Cuba crawled back to within one led to a 20-16 advantage en route to a 25-21 victory. Team USA rallied from an 8-6 deficit in the second set with a 10-2 scoring run to take a 16-10 advantage, the pressed forward to a 25-16 victory. The Americans, with only six errors through the first two sets, served four aces in the second set alone to create pressure on the Cuba service reception. The U.S. picked up a 4-1 lead in the third set and gained a commanding advantage at 10-4 in pushing through to a 25-13 victory.
"I am pretty glad of Nancy Metcalf's performance," U.S. Women's National Team Head Coach Hugh McCutcheon (Christchurch, New Zealand) said. "She had some offensive momentums during the match. We have learned valuable lessons in this tournament and our main goal was our qualification to next year's World Grand Prix."
Earlier in 2011, Cuba defeated Team USA in four sets during the Montreux Volley Masters semifinal round held in June.
Metcalf, who had started just one other match during the Pan American Cup that started July 1, tallied 15 kills on 22 swings, two aces and a block for her 18 points. The American middle blockers combined for 24 points in the victory. Foluke Akinradewo (Plantation, Fla.) totaled 11 kills on 14 errorless attacks and two blocks for 13 points, while captain Jennifer Tamas (Milpitas, Calif.) contributed seven kills on 10 attacks and a match-high four blocks for 11 points. Megan Hodge (Durham, N.C.) added nine points all on kills in the victory, while Jordan Larson (Hooper, Neb.) provided five kills, two blocks and an ace for eight points. Kim Glass (Lancaster, Pa.) rounded out the scoring with an ace.
Larson totaled a team-high eight digs with 17 of the team's 43 service receptions without an error, while Nicole Davis (Stockton, Calif.) added five digs. Alisha Glass (Leland, Mich.) provided 13 assists in the victory.
Hugh McCutcheon (Christchurch, New Zealand) started Tamas and Akinradewo at middle blocker, Hodge and Larson at outside hitter, Metcalf opposite and Alisha Glass at setter. Davis was the libero for the match. Kim Glass was a serving sub in all three sets.
Team USA converted 59.5 percent of its attacks for kills as part of a .481 hitting efficiency. The U.S. limited its errors to eight for the entire match while holding a 47-35 advantage in kills and 9-6 margin in blocks. The Americans totaled four aces in the match to the Cubans' one, while holding a commanding 22-8 margin in digs. Team USA benefited from 15 Cuba errors in the match. Cuba converted 38.4 percent of its attacks with a .253 hitting efficiency.
Kenia Carcace lead Cuba with 16 points, while no other teammate scored more than seven points in the loss.
In addition to the medal matches, Canada defeated Peru 25-21, 25-22, 25-19 to place seventh in the tournament, while Puerto Rico rallied from two sets down to edge Argentina 23-25, 21-25, 25-23, 25-21, 15-13 for fifth place. In addition to the four teams competing in today's medal round matches, Puerto Rico and Argentina also qualified for the 2012 FIVB World Grand Prix.
The U.S. gained a 7-4 lead in the opening set after a Tamas kill, Akinradewo block and Cuba attack error. Team USA stretched the lead to 10-6 with kills from Akinradewo and Metcalf going into a Cuba timeout. Cuba sliced its gap in half with consecutive points at 11-9. Tamas put up a block after a Cuba service error to regain a four-point edge at 13-9. Cuba scored the first two points out of the second technical timeout to move to within 16-14, then closed to 17-16. Metcalf ended a long rally with a block and kill on consecutive plays after a Hodge kill leading to a 20-16 American advantage. Cuba responded by slicing the margin to 21-19 with consecutive points leading to a U.S. timeout. A Metcalf back-row kill and Tamas block extended the American lead to 23-19. Akinradewo ended the set at 25-21 with a kill, her sixth point of the set. Tamas and Metcalf also scored six points each in the opening set as the middle blockers combined for 12 points.
Cuba netted the first two-point cushion of the second set at 5-3. However, Larson tied the set at 5-all with a kill after a Cuba service error. A Cuba ace brought back to a two-point lead at 7-5. Larson slammed a kill and ace after the first technical timeout to tie the set at 8-all, then Hodge fired a cross-court winner for a 9-8 U.S. advantage. Metcalf hammered a kill from the right side then proceeded to serve an ace to extend the American lead to 12-10 at a Cuba timeout. Out of the break, Tamas took an overpass off the serve for a kill and Cuba followed another Metcalf ace to push the lead to 14-10. The U.S. scored a fifth and sixth straight points with a Tamas kill and block yielding a 16-10 advantage at the second technical timeout. Cuba scored the first two points out of the break to narrow the score to 16-12. Hodge hit a kill off the block and Kim Glass served an ace as a serving specialist at 18-12. The U.S. reached an eight-point lead at 21-13 with a Larson block, Akinradewo kill and Cuba error. Metcalf scored a kill and Akinradewo followed with a block on consecutive plays to inch the lead to 23-14. Hodge ended the set with a spike at 25-16. Metcalf ended the set with six points to lead the Americans, while Hodge, Akinradewo and Larson added four points each. The U.S. served four aces in the second set to create pressure on the Cuba service reception.
Metcalf scored three kills around a Tamas block to give the U.S. a quick 4-1 lead in the third set after Cuba served an ace for the first point. Metcalf and Larson downed consecutive kills providing the Americans an 8-4 lead at the first technical timeout. Out of the break, Akinradewo and Larson added a third and fourth straight points with kills at 10-4. The U.S. doubled-up Cuba at 14-7 with a Hodge kill. Alisha Glass tapped a kill over after a Cuba service error to increase the American lead to 17-9. Team USA used a 5-0 scoring spurt with kills from Akinradewo, Metcalf and Larson to take a 22-10 lead. Larson gave the U.S. match points with a kill after a Cuba error. The Americans won the set at 25-13 on a service error after Cuba saved two match points. Metcalf tallied six points in the set and the Americans benefited from seven Cuba errors in the period. Larson added four points in the third set.
For a full recap of the Pan American Cup, usavolleyball.org/events/7758.
U.S. Women's National Team Roster for Pan American Cup
# - Name (Position, Height, Hometown, College)
2 - Alisha Glass (S, 6-0, Leland, Mich., Penn State)
4 - Angie Forsett (OH, 5-8, Lake Mary, Fla., California)
6 - Nicole Davis (L, 5-4, Stockton, Calif., Southern California)
9 - Jennifer Tamas (MB, 6-4, Milpitas, Calif., Pacific)
10 - Kim Glass (OH, 6-2, Lancaster, Pa., Arizona)
11 - Jordan Larson (OH, 6-2, Hooper, Neb., Nebraska)
12 - Nancy Metcalf (Opp, 6-1, Hull, Iowa, Nebraska)
13 - Christa Harmotto (MB, 6-2, Hopewell, Pa., Penn State)
14 - Nicole Fawcett (Opp, 6-4, Zanesfield, Ohio, Penn State)
16 - Foluke Akinradewo (MB, 6-3, Plantation, Fla., Stanford)
17 - Mary 'Nellie' Spicer (S, 5-9, Barrington, Ill., UCLA)
18 - Megan Hodge (OH, 6-3, Durham, N.C., Penn State)
Head Coach: Hugh McCutcheon (Christchurch, New Zealand)
Assistant Caoch: Karch Kiraly (San Clemente, Calif.)
Assistant Coach: Paula Weishoff (Irvine, Calif.)
Assistant Coach/Technical Coordinator: Jamie Morrison (Dana Point, Calif.)
Athletic Trainer/Medical Support: Jill Wosmek (Silver Lake, Minn.)
Team Manager: John Cook (Lincoln, Neb.)
X Women's Pan American Cup Schedule
July 1-9 at Juarez, Mexico
Pool A Standings
Dominican Republic 5-0
Cuba 4-1
Argentina 3-2
Canada 2-3
Mexico 1-4
Chile 0-5
Pool A (at COBACH)
July 1: Cuba def. Argentina 27-29, 25-19, 25-13, 25-20
July 1: Dominican Republic def. Canada 25-23, 25-15, 25-13
July 1: Mexico def. Chile 25-22, 25-19, 25-15
July 2: Dominican Republic def. Chile 25-13, 25-9, 25-20
July 2: Argentina def. Canada 25-15, 25-23, 21-25, 26-24
July 2: Cuba def. Mexico 25-20, 25-15, 25-19
July 3: Cuba def. Chile 25-10, 25-10, 25-14
July 3: Dominican Republic def. Argentina 25-23, 25-20, 25-19
July 3: Canada def. Mexico 25-18, 25-15, 25-18
July 4: Argentina def. Chile 25-21, 25-15, 25-15
July 4: Cuba def. Canada 25-13, 25-18, 25-22
July 4: Dominican Republic def. Mexico 25-20, 25-19, 25-15
July 5: Canada def. Chile 25-19, 25-12, 25-10.
July 5: Dominican Republic def. Cuba 18-25, 35-33, 25-20, 25-21
July 5: Argentina def. Mexico 25-18, 25-23, 25-14
Pool B Standings
Brazil 5-0
Puerto Rico 3-2
Peru 2-3
Trinidad & Tobago 1-4
Costa Rica 0-5
Pool B (at UACJ)
July 1: Puerto Rico def. Costa Rica 25-10, 25-13, 25-21
July 1: Brazil def. Trinidad & Tobago 25-15, 25-12, 25-18
July 1: USA def. Peru 25-20, 25-14, 25-14
July 2: Peru def. Trinidad & Tobago 25-15, 25-17, 29-27
July 2: Brazil def. Costa Rica 25-15, 25-12, 25-10
July 2: USA def. Puerto Rico 25-17, 25-17, 25-17
July 3: Peru def. Costa Rica 25-19, 25-12, 26-24
July 3: USA def. Trinidad & Tobago 25-11, 25-17, 25-18
July 3: Brazil def. Puerto Rico 25-21, 25-21, 25-10
July 4: Puerto Rico def. Trinidad & Tobago 25-16, 25-20, 25-18
July 4: Brazil def. Peru 25-11, 25-18, 25-23
July 4: USA def. Costa Rica 25-20, 25-10, 25-8
July 5: Trinidad & Tobago def. Costa Rica 25-21, 25-15, 25-22
July 5: Puerto Rico def. Peru 25-15, 25-21, 31-33, 25-13
July 5: Brazil def. USA 28-30, 25-18, 25-19, 17-25, 15-11
July 6 - Off Day
July 7 (Times subject to change)
Match 31: Costa Rica (6B) def. Chile (6A) 25-16, 25-20, 25-17 (Final Classification 11-12)
Match 32: Peru (4B) def. Mexico (5A) 25-23, 25-23, 25-22 (Classification 7-10)
Match 33: Canada (4A) def. Trinidad & Tobago (5B) 25-15, 25-19, 25-17 (Classification 7-10)
Match 34: Cuba (2A) def. Puerto Rico (3B) 26-24, 25-19, 25-14 (Quarterfinals)
Match 35: USA (2B) def. Argentina (3A) 25-13, 25-14, 25-19 (Quarterfinals)
July 8 (Times subject to change)
Match 36: Mexico def. Trinidad & Tobago 25-18, 25-16, 14-25, 25-19 (9th place)
Match 37: Argentina def. Peru 25-19, 15-25, 26-24, 22-25, 15-12 (5-8)
Match 38: Puerto Rico def. Canada 25-19, 25-14, 26-24, 25-16 (5-8)
Match 39: Brazil def. Cuba 25-19, 25-14, 26-28, 25-15
Match 40: Dominican Republic def. USA 21-25, 25-19, 25-21, 25-21 (Semifinal)
July 9
Match 41: Canada def. Peru 25-21, 25-22, 25-19 (7th place)
Match 42: Puerto Rico def. Argentina 23-25, 21-25, 25-23, 25-21, 15-13 (5th place) (5th place)
Match 43: USA def. Cuba 25-21, 25-16, 25-13 (bronze)
Match 44: Brazil vs. Dominican Republic, 8 p.m. at COBACH (gold)


text:
Method, Hand Wash, Green Tea + Aloe Vera, 12 fl oz (354 ml)
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
- Loyalty credit is equal to 5% of the value of your order, excluding shipping charges.
- Your loyalty credit will be applied towards your next order as soon as your current order has shipped.
- Your loyalty credits are valid for up to 60 days from the date of your last purchase.
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Expiration Date:?Jan 2021Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?1.06 lbs (0.48 kg)Shipping WeightThe Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: MTD-00033
- UPC Code: 817939000335
- Package Quantity: 12 fl oz (354 ml)
- Dimensions: 3.2 x 3.2 x 6.6 in, 0.9 lbs (0.41 kg)
|Combo Discount:
|- $2.49
- Naturally-Derived Hand Wash
- Triclosan Free
- Biodegradable
Suggested Use
To use: turn nozzle to unlock. Elbow grease not required.
Other Ingredients
What's In The Bottle: Water (aqua), sodium lauryl sulfate*, cocamidorpropyl betaine*, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine*, glycerin*, aloe barbadensis extract*, tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E)*, citric acid*, sodium chloride*, sodium citrate*, methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinonem, fragrance (parfum: hexyl cinnamaldehyde, limonene, linalool), green 5 (cl 61570), yellow 10 (cl 47005). *Denotes Plant or Mineral Origin.
Avoid eye contact. In case of contact, flush with water.
Never tested on animals


text: Rich, pre-spring day! After a creekside bike ride with my wife and son among blooming mustard flowers and bright fruit tree blossoms we return home. My wife and I sit for a focused time of tea while our son naps, both of us really present to one another and the space. We start with Tie Guan Yin in a Petr Novak kyusu and cups and finish with a really excellent Teance, Spring 2013, Phoenix Single Grove Eight Immortals wulong in Petr Novak shib and Greenwood cups. For most of the pour neither of us talk and instead settle into a natural, quiet listening; acrid grass scents and blossom pollen slip in through the open tea room window, accompanied by cool air and bird sound, mixed with the playful noises of children further down the street.


text:
Thank you for your interest in applying to the George J. Mitchell Scholarship
What is the Mitchell Scholarship?
The George J. Mitchell Scholarship is a nationally competitive award for U.S. citizens sponsored by the US-Ireland Alliance. Named in honor of the former U.S. Senator's pivotal contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process, the Mitchell Scholarship is designed to introduce and connect future American leaders to the island of Ireland, while recognizing and fostering academic excellence, leadership, and a commitment to public service.
Profile of a successful Mitchell Scholar
There is no one thing the committee is looking for in a Mitchell Scholar. Successful applicants have documented evidence of significant achievement in:
- Academic excellence
- Leadership
- Commitment to community and public service
Successful candidates have come from a variety of large and small universities both public and private, as well as the workforce.
Key Dates
Mitchell Scholar Class of 2018 Application Opens: April 2016
Mitchell Scholar Class of 2018 Application Deadline (for study in Ireland during the 2017-18 academic year): September 30, 2016. For all undergraduate students, the campus deadline for your institutional endorsement may be much earlier. Check with a campus fellowship advisor before starting the application process.
Semi-Finalist Skype Interviews: Week of October 24, 2016
Finalist Weekend: November 18 & 19, 2016
Mitchell Scholar Selection Announcement: November 20, 2016


text:
Extended maintenance of Ruby versions 1.8.7 and 1.9.2 ended on July 31, 2014. Read more
Encapsulates a test failure. Created by Test::Unit::TestCase when an assertion fails.
Creates a new Failure with the given location and message.
# File test/unit/failure.rb, line 19 def initialize(test_name, location, message) @test_name = test_name @location = location @message = message end
Returns a verbose version of the error description.
# File test/unit/failure.rb, line 36 def long_display location_display = if(location.size == 1) location[0].sub(/\A(.+:\d+).*/, ' [\1]') else "\n [#{location.join("\n ")}]" end "Failure:\n#@test_name#{location_display}:\n#@message" end
Returns a brief version of the error description.
# File test/unit/failure.rb, line 31 def short_display "#@test_name: #{@message.split("\n")[0]}" end
Returns a single character representation of a failure.
# File test/unit/failure.rb, line 26 def single_character_display SINGLE_CHARACTER end
Commenting is here to help enhance the documentation. For example, code samples, or clarification of the documentation.
If you have questions about Ruby or the documentation, please post to one of the Ruby mailing lists. You will get better, faster, help that way.
If you wish to post a correction of the docs, please do so, but also file bug report so that it can be corrected for the next release. Thank you.
If you want to help improve the Ruby documentation, please visit Documenting-ruby.org.


text:
Zinn, Howard
Howard Zinn 1922‐-
American historian, essayist, autobiographer, editor, and playwright.
The following entry presents an overview of Zinn's career through 1999.
Zinn is an outspoken political activist associated with a variety of social justice, peace, and minority rights issues. He has written a number of books on history and political science and is considered an expert on the history of civil disobedience in America. Zinn is known for A People's History of the United States (1980), an alternative account of historical events from the perspective of minorities and members of the working class; the book is often used as a textbook in high schools and universities.
Biographical Information
Zinn was born in New York on August 24, 1922, to Edward Zinn, a waiter, and Jenny Rabinowitz Zinn, a Russian immigrant. He grew up in Brooklyn where he began reading Dickens as a boy of ten. He took a job as a laborer in the Brooklyn Navy Yard and at the age of twenty, joined the army. From 1943 to 1945 he served as a second lieutenant in the Army Air Force as a bombardier, earning an Air Medal and a number of battle stars. In 1944 Zinn married Roslyn Shechter, with whom he had two children, Myla and Jeff. After the war he attended New York University on the G.I. Bill, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1951. He earned a master's degree in 1952 and a Ph.D. in history from Columbia University in 1958. He has taught at a number of colleges and universities. From 1953 to 1956, while completing his doctorate, he taught at Upsala College in New Jersey and served as visiting lecturer in history at Brooklyn College. In 1956 he took a position as chair of the history and political science department at Spelman College, a school for black women in Atlanta. It was at Spelman that Zinn became involved in the civil rights movement along with many of his students. Despite having tenure, he was fired from his position at Spelman in 1960, and the family moved to Boston where Zinn took a history fellowship at Harvard and wrote two books on his experiences at Spelman. In 1964 he joined the faculty of Boston University as a professor of political science; his classes there were always filled to capacity by students who admired his devotion to such liberal causes as peace and civil rights. He remained at BU until his retirement in 1988, despite the best efforts of the university's neoconservative president, John Silber, to oust him in the 1980s. Zinn has also served as visiting professor at both the University of Paris and the University of Bologna and has won numerous awards including the Beveridge Prize, the Thomas Merton Award, the Eugene V. Debs Award, the Upton Sinclair Award, and the Lannan Literary Award. His best-known work, A People's History of the United States, earned the New England Book Award for nonfiction and was nominated for an American Book Award. Zinn is currently professor emeritus at Boston University and resides in Auburndale, Massachusetts, with his wife.
Major Works
Zinn's first book, awarded the Albert J. Beveridge Prize from the American Historical Association, was based on his doctoral dissertation and published as La Guardia in Congress in 1959. This was followed in 1964 by two contemporary histories, both growing out of his experiences teaching at the predominantly black Spelman College. The first, The Southern Mystique, addresses the black struggle for civil rights in the South and the white resistance to the changes effected by that struggle. The second, SNCC: The New Abolitionists, covered Zinn's experience as faculty advisor to the newly formed Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. In 1968, Zinn published Disobedience and Democracy, his response to "Concerning Dissent and Civil Disobedience," a pamphlet issued by Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas. Two years later, in an effort to inspire historians "to earn their keep in this world," Zinn wrote The Politics of History, in which he challenged his fellow historians to document injustices in the American system. In 1973, he published Postwar America: 1945-1971, a work of cultural and political history wherein he attempted to expose inconsistencies in America's most cherished ideological beliefs.
Zinn's most famous work is his alternative history A People's History of the United States, often referred to as history written from the bottom up—that is, from the perspective of Native Americans, slaves, women, immigrants, and members of the working class. Originally published in 1980, the work was revised, updated, and reissued in 1999 as A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present. Zinn's 1994 autobiography, You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times, concentrates on his involvement in the civil rights and anti-war movements.
In addition to his nonfiction writings, Zinn has written three plays: Emma (1976), based on the life of Emma Goldman; Daughter of Venus (1985), produced at the Theatre for New City in New York; and Marx in Soho (1999), which imaginatively transports Karl Marx from London's Soho district in the nineteenth century to New York's Soho district in the present day.
Critical Reception
Zinn's position as a respected scholar as well as a political activist has given him a unique perspective on many of the events he covers in his books. Martin B. Duberman claims that Zinn's ability to combine theory and practice in his chronicles of the 1960s civil rights movement results in books that "are personal without being egotistical, are authoritative but free of pedantry, are passionate without being suspiciously agitated." Erwin Knoll (see Further Reading) believes that Zinn's wide-ranging experience—not only as an activist, but also as a blue-collar worker and a World War II bombardier—"contributes to the depth of his perception in Postwar America: 1945-1971." On the other hand, some critics have suggested that Zinn's involvement in the movements he writes about results in sentimentalism and romanticism. Margaret O'Brien, for example, believes Zinn overvalues SNCC's potential as a force for change: "It would be nice, but SNCC is not going to save the world. By suggesting it could, Zinn places SNCC's true greatness in a possible (but very doubtful) future; and he needn't have." In his review of Postwar America: 1945-1971, Peter Michelson echoes that criticism, claiming that "the book suffers finally from political romanticism, the sort of wishful thinking that reveals the frustrating dilemma of American radicalism." Similarly Simon Lazarus, who believes that Zinn romanticizes "the virtues of confrontation for its own sake," questions the effectiveness of civil disobedience whose main purpose is to insult or offend majority values—a strategy he claims Zinn encourages in Disobedience and Democracy. In his review of Justice in Everyday Life: The Way It Really Works, Terry M. Perlin (see Further Reading) contends that the book "suffers from considerable naiveté," and concludes that it is "a utopian tract, suffering from all the beauties and dangers of that format." Some critics, however, see that naiveté in a more positive light. Harvey Wasserman, for example, refers to Zinn's "characteristic innocence" in his review of The Zinn Reader, claiming that although Zinn's book does not necessarily provide all the answers, it is "a healing read" that will make readers "feel restored, even hopeful."
Although Zinn's books have been popular—particularly among young college students eager to hear an alternative to the sanitized versions of history taught in many high schools—they have not been favorably reviewed by most scholars. His most famous book, A People's History of the United States, is often dismissed as a fairly unsophisticated record of relentless exploitation of the downtrodden. Luther Spoehr [see Further Reading], for example, claims that Zinn's book "has no notion of process or complexity, no sense of how the terms of argument and weapons of battle have changed over time." Michael Kammen finds that A People's History is "a synthesis of the radical and revisionist historiography of the past decade, incorporating many of the strengths and most of the weaknesses of that highly uneven body of literature." Bruce Kuklick, meanwhile, considers the book a radical textbook and asserts that, as such, "its comprehension of issues is stunted; its understanding of materials is unnuanced," just as they are in most textbooks. Still, the work has gone through numerous printings, was revised and reissued in a twentieth-anniversary edition in 1999, and continues to appear in a large number of high school and college classrooms. Mariel Garza accounts for the book's phenomenal sales figures by suggesting that "A People's History is a great example of product differentiation, entering underserved markets, and giving people what they want."
Principal Works
La Guardia in Congress (history) 1959
SNCC: The New Abolitionists (history) 1964
The Southern Mystique (essays) 1964
Vietnam: The Logic of Withdrawal (essay) 1967
Disobedience and Democracy: Nine Fallacies on Law and Order (essay) 1968
The Politics of History (essay) 1970
Postwar America: 1945-1971 (history) 1973
Justice in Everyday Life: The Way It Really Works [editor] (essays) 1974
Emma (play) 1976
A People's History of the United States (history) 1980; revised as A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present, 1999
Daughter of Venus (play) 1985
Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology (essay) 1990
Failure to Quit: Reflections of an Optimistic Historian (memoir) 1993
You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times (autobiography) 1994
The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy (essays) 1997
The Future of History: Interviews with David Barsamian (interviews) 1999
Marx in Soho: A Play on History (play) 1999
Howard Zinn on History (essays) 2000
Howard Zinn on the Vietnam War and Other Means and Ends (essays) 2000
The Power of Nonviolence: Writings by Advocates of Peace (essays) 2002
Terrorism and War [with Anthony Arnove, editor] (essay) 2002
Artists in Times of War and Other Essays (essays) 2003
Passionate Declarations: Essays on War and Justice (essays) 2003
Ralph Ellison (review date 8 November 1964)
SOURCE: Ellison, Ralph. "If the Twain Shall Meet." Book Week (8 November 1964): 1, 20, 22-5.
[In the following review of The Southern Mystique, Ellison praises Zinn for providing a constructive blueprint for solving the civil rights crisis in the South.]
Howard Zinn's The Southern Mystique is yet another reminder that American history is caught again in the excruciating process of executing a spiral—that is, in returning at a later point in time to an earlier point in historical space—and the point of maximum tortuosity is once again the South.
It would seem that the basic themes of our history may be repressed in the public...
(The entire section is 4805 words.)
Allan R. Brockway (review date 25 November 1964)
SOURCE: Brockway, Allan R. "Modern Abolitionists." Christian Century 81, no. 48 (25 November 1964): 1464.
[In the following review of SNCC: The New Abolitionists, Brockway praises Zinn's hopeful account of the activities of the young leaders of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.]
Social revolutions result from a complex mixture of factors combining at a particular point in history to force change toward ends that, for all their immediate concreteness, often reach far beyond themselves. Such is the case with the Negro revolution today. And such is the case with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced "Snick"), one of...
(The entire section is 720 words.)
Martin B. Duberman (review date winter 1965)
SOURCE: Duberman, Martin B. "The Fire This Time." Partisan Review 32, no. 1 (winter 1965): 147-51.
[In the following review, Duberman contends that Zinn's two 1964 books on the civil rights movement are informed by his dual roles as scholar and active participant in the events being covered.]
Now, boy, you go to writing and write up a new day.
—Mama Dollie, Lee County, Georgia
Radicalism is returning to American life. It owes its initial rebirth to the civil rights movement, but men like Bayard Rustin and others less well-known, are now moving beyond the race problem to broad social...
(The entire section is 1455 words.)
Margaret O'Brien (review date 5 February 1965)
SOURCE: O'Brien, Margaret. Review of SNCC: The New Abolitionists, by Howard Zinn. Commonweal 81, no. 19 (5 February 1965): 616-17.
[In the following review, O'Brien maintains that Zinn overestimates SNCC's potential to effect major changes in America unrelated to racial issues.]
From February 1, 1960 when the first sit-ins occurred in Greensboro, North Carolina, to Spring, 1964, young members of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee moved across the South, organizing sit-ins, freedom rides, and voter registration drives. Their efforts put them on intimate terms with cattle prods, jail cells, and a cast of law enforcement officials whose style of rule...
(The entire section is 828 words.)
David P. Gauthier (review date November 1967)
SOURCE: Gauthier, David P. Review of Vietnam: The Logic of Withdrawal, by Howard Zinn. Canadian Forum 47 (November 1967): 182-84.
[In the following review, Gauthier contends that Zinn makes a well-argued case for immediate withdrawal from Vietnam, a position many critics of the war privately support.]
The most considerable merit of this critique of American involvement in Vietnam is that it presents a clearly argued case for what most critics of the Vietnamese war believe but will not say—that America should withdraw now. Howard Zinn, a Professor of Government at Boston University, rejects the so-called realism of those who muffle their criticism,...
(The entire section is 1305 words.)
Carl Cohen (review date 2 December 1968)
SOURCE: Cohen, Carl. "Civil Disobedience: Moral or Not?" Nation 207, no. 19 (2 December 1968): 597, 599-600.
[In the following review, Cohen praises Zinn's Disobedience and Democracy as an insightful book that should be widely read and discussed, although he challenges the bases for many of Zinn's arguments.]
Civil disobedience has become one of the most puzzling and provocative issues of the times. There are two kinds of reasons for this. First, those who have recently been engaging in disobedient demonstrations have done so, most usually, to register vehement protest against laws, acts and conditions that cry out for remedy, while remedy continues to elude...
(The entire section is 2693 words.)
Simon Lazarus (review date 7 December 1968)
SOURCE: Lazarus, Simon. "Perspective on Dissent." New Republic 159, no. 23 (7 December 1968): 32-3.
[In the following review of Disobedience and Democracy, Lazarus charges Zinn with romanticizing the politics of civil disobedience and confrontation.]
In his widely distributed pamphlet, Concerning Dissent and Civil Disobedience, Mr. Justice Fortas condemned civil disobedience on the ground that America's formally democratic political system makes social change possible through legal means. This version of law-and-order liberalism is not invulnerable. Unfortunately, Howard Zinn's reply to Fortas succeeds mostly in inverting Fortas's principal...
(The entire section is 1072 words.)
Saville R. Davis (review date 16 January 1969)
SOURCE: Davis, Saville R. "The Morality of Dissent." Christian Science Monitor (16 January 1969): 11.
[In the following review of Disobedience and Democracy, Davis describes Zinn's reasoning as "intricate and sometimes contorted."]
One would not look to Supreme Court justice Abe Fortas for guidance on civil disobedience, nor to author and teacher Howard Zinn, a passionate advocate of disobedience, for direction on how to preserve the American system of law. But let each one define his position and then lean toward the other, and the occasion is instructive. It is also going to make partisan readers on each side more uncomfortable. This is not a bland...
(The entire section is 726 words.)
Courtney R. Sheldon (review date 30 July 1970)
SOURCE: Sheldon, Courtney R. "An Urgent Plea to Historians." Christian Science Monitor (30 July 1970): 5.
[In the following review of The Politics of History, Sheldon suggests that the strength of Zinn's convictions is reminiscent of those of the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison.]
Millions of Americans ask plaintively, even desperately, why the unnerving turmoil and strife in a land of such great promise?
The answer of Howard Zinn, professor of political science at Boston University, has the searing conviction of Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison who erupted in 1831:
On this subject (slavery) I do...
(The entire section is 720 words.)
Ralph Stone (review date September 1970)
SOURCE: Stone, Ralph. "Humanistic History." Progressive 34, no. 9 (September 1970): 49-50.
[In the following review of The Politics of History, Stone finds that Zinn provides valuable advice to historians on making their work more relevant to the contemporary political situation.]
Howard Zinn is a radical historian. The order is important, for Zinn's perception of the present consciously shapes his outlook on the past. He argues in this book that more historians should do the same. In other words, there should be more politics in history. If so, more people might read what historians are writing. Integrating their history and their politics would also help...
(The entire section is 893 words.)
Philip Green (review date December 1970)
SOURCE: Green, Philip. Review of The Politics of History, by Howard Zinn. American Political Science Review 64, no. 4 (December 1970): 1281-83.
[In the following review, Green discusses Zinn's rejection of the possibility of achieving objectivity in historical writing.]
The purpose of Howard Zinn's excellent collection of essays on history and historiography is to draw attention by both analysis and precept to "the consequences in action of historical writing. The meaning … of a writer will be found not just in what he intends to say, or what he does literally say, but in the effect of his writing on living beings." (p. 279) "The Politics of...
(The entire section is 1245 words.)
William L. O'Neill (review date June 1973)
SOURCE: O'Neill, William L. "Optimistic Activist." Progressive 37, no. 6 (June 1973): 57.
[In the following review of Postwar America: 1945-1971, O'Neill contends that there is little that is new in Zinn's revisionist history of the postwar years.]
This book demonstrates how important timeliness is to a polemic. Few readers of The Progressive are likely to disagree with political scientist Howard Zinn's description of American foreign policy, or his denunciations of racism, sexism, militarism, and assorted other blights. But neither are they likely to find much that is new to them. The revisionist histories such as those by Gabriel Kolko and Lloyd C....
(The entire section is 506 words.)
Peter Michelson (review date 28 July 1973)
SOURCE: Michelson, Peter. "Armchair Revolution." New Republic 169, nos. 4 & 5 (28 July 1973): 24-6.
[In the following review of Postwar America: 1945-1971, Michelson praises Zinn's critique of liberalism, but ultimately finds his account of postwar politics a romanticized version of events.]
If it is true, as one wit said, that a liberal is a radical with a wife and two kids, then that tells us a whole lot about the millstone around the neck of American radicalism. Picture the liberal of the last few weeks. He gets home from his $20,000 a year job, kisses his wife, plays ball for 10 minutes with his kids, eats dinner, and then tunes in the PBS "gavel...
(The entire section is 2134 words.)
James T. Patterson (review date September 1973)
SOURCE: Patterson, James T. Review of Postwar America: 1945-1971, by Howard Zinn. The Journal of American History 60, no. 2 (September 1973): 513-14.
[In the following review of Zinn's account of the postwar era, Patterson faults Zinn for neglecting various aspects of social and cultural history, among them issues involving women and families, religious developments, ethnic conflict, and urban problems.]
No self-respecting publishing firm these days can hold up its head unless it tries to capture the college market (students, that is) by promoting a series of short books on American history. Howard Zinn's book is part of such a series, billed as the History of...
(The entire section is 582 words.)
Michael Kammen (review date 23 March 1980)
SOURCE: Kammen, Michael. "How the Other Half Lived." Washington Post Book World (23 March 1980): 7.
[In the following review, Kammen finds A People's History a largely unsuccessful attempt to synthesize the body of revisionist historiography of the 1970s.]
Howard Zinn has earned his medals as a radical academic and social activist. He served nobly in the civil rights movement during the 1960s and subsequently became an outspoken critic of our tragic involvement in Vietnam. He is now in the news because the president of Boston University, where Zinn is a professor of political science, is trying to fire five tenured faculty members who led a strike last fall...
(The entire section is 1061 words.)
Bruce Kuklick (review date 24 May 1980)
SOURCE: Kuklick, Bruce. "The People? Yes." Nation 230, no. 20 (24 May 1980): 634-36.
[In the following review, Kuklick claims that while A People's History is a radical textbook, it exhibits many of the problems common to textbooks in general.]
Howard Zinn admits that "a people's history" is not the best description of his work, and I've tried to understand it by figuring out what would be the best description. The book is clearly about the oppression of the people: there are eloquent renditions of the destruction of Indian culture and rich analyses of the torment of the slaves, their revolts and their degradation after the Civil War. There are long...
(The entire section is 1014 words.)
Oscar Handlin (review date autumn 1980)
SOURCE: Handlin, Oscar. "Arawaks." American Scholar 49 (autumn 1980): 546-50.
[In the following review of A People's History, Handlin refutes the accuracy of many of the historical facts presented in Zinn's book.]
This is a book about Arawaks.
Once upon a time, people remarkable for their belief in sharing and for their hospitality lived blissfully without commerce; they relied exclusively on the natural environment for sustenance. They valued the arts, and accorded each sex freedom and dignity. Ages before the Arawaks, the Mound Builders, also devoted to the arts, had occupied the same continent. And from across the ocean came blacks out...
(The entire section is 1493 words.)
Charles Glass (review date 24 October 1980)
SOURCE: Glass, Charles. "The Other US." New Statesman 100, no. 2588 (24 October 1980): 27.
[In the following excerpted review, Glass claims that despite its limitations, A People's History provides information on groups omitted from standard textbooks.]
A People's History of the United States, … attempts, in its author's words:
to tell the story of the discovery of America from the viewpoint of the Arawaks, of the Constitution from the standpoint of the slaves, of Andrew Jackson as seen by the Cherokees, of the Civil War as seen by the New York Irish, of the Mexican war as seen by the...
(The entire section is 435 words.)
Erwin Knoll (review date February 1991)
SOURCE: Knoll, Erwin. "Down to the Roots." Progressive 55, no. 2 (February 1991): 40-1.
[In the following review of Declarations of Independence, Knoll praises Zinn for offering new ways of thinking about issues of social and political justice.]
Howard Zinn is a radical in the true sense of that much-abused word. In discussing the most important issues of public policy, he gets down to the roots, deep down to the bedrock questions: Why do we believe what we believe? How much of what we believe is true? Why are things the way they are? Whose interests are served? How should things be changed to serve the common interests of suffering humanity?
(The entire section is 951 words.)
George Scialabba (review date 13 May 1991)
SOURCE: Scialabba, George. "U.S. History: By the People, For the People." Christianity and Crisis (13 May 1991): 155-56.
[In the following review, Scialabba dismisses Declarations of Independence as "mostly authorial commentary."]
The erudite essayist Walter Benjamin once proposed writing a book that would consist entirely of quotations. Fifty years later, in 1980, the earnest activist Howard Zinn actually wrote something approximating such a book. But while Benjamin envisioned an exquisite collage, cunningly composed and intricately ironic, Zinn produced an immense, ingenuous epic, a monumental saga of human brutality and bondage: A People's History...
(The entire section is 1435 words.)
Howard Zinn and Jack McEnany (interview date summer 1991)
SOURCE: Zinn, Howard, and Jack McEnany. "The Politics of War." Humanist 53, no. 1 (January-February 1993): 13-17.
[In the following interview, originally conducted in the summer of 1991, McEnany questions Zinn on American participation in various wars throughout history, from the Revolutionary War up to and including the Gulf War.]
The following extracts are from an interview with Howard Zinn … professor emeritus of history at Boston University. The interview was conducted in the summer of 1991 by Jack McEnany as part of a video project entitled The Gulf War: Is This Any Way to Run an Empire? (See note at the end of the article for further details on...
(The entire section is 4013 words.)
Michael Kazin (review date December 1991)
SOURCE: Kazin, Michael. Review of Declarations of Independence, by Howard Zinn. Journal of American History 78, no. 3 (December 1991): 1034-35.
[In the following review, Kazin praises Zinn's exposure of the fallacies associated with conventional historical truths despite the weakness of some of his arguments.]
Howard Zinn writes the type of history scholars are supposed to disdain. "For me," he writes, "history could only be a way of understanding and helping to change (yes, an extravagant ambition!) what was wrong in the world." This book is the committed radical's latest attempt to scour the past for lessons to instruct those who might transform...
(The entire section is 636 words.)
Mark A. Graber (review date spring 1992)
SOURCE: Graber, Mark A. Review of Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology, by Howard Zinn. Political Science Quarterly 107, no. 1 (spring 1992): 187-89.
[In the following review, Graber calls Zinn's book successful in terms of its critique of American ideology, particularly in the sections on U.S. foreign policy.]
Thomas Jefferson thought that the tree of liberty needed to be watered with blood every so often. Only through intermittent reenactments of the revolution, he believed, would American ideals retain their vitality. Howard Zinn's latest book offers a valuable alternative for a nuclear age. "Whatever in the past has been the...
(The entire section is 632 words.)
Paul Buhle (review date 21 November 1994)
SOURCE: Buhle, Paul. "He Shall Not Be Moved." Nation 259, no. 17 (21 November 1994): 623-25.
[In the following review of Zinn's autobiography, Buhle asserts that You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train is not Zinn's best work, but insists that it is nonetheless an engaging and entertaining book.]
I have always imagined that historian Howard Zinn somehow took part in the multitudinous radical movements of the 1840s-50s, campaigning for abolition, women's rights, dress reform and nonviolence. A rare Jew among Yankees and African-Americans, he would have commanded the platform with figures like Susan B. Anthony and Frederick Douglass, held his own against...
(The entire section is 1613 words.)
Matthew Rothschild (review date January 1995)
SOURCE: Rothschild, Matthew. Review of You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train, by Howard Zinn. Progressive 59, no. 1 (January 1995): 37-8.
[In the following review, Rothschild contends that Zinn's autobiography presents an eloquent record of his activism in the civil rights and anti-war movements.]
Here's a personal favorite. This autobiography by the great activist and historian (who wrote the pioneering multicultural history. A People's History of the United States, long before the term "multiculturalism" was in vogue) provides an eloquent, personal account of the struggles for civil rights and against the Vietnam war, and a universal paean to...
(The entire section is 956 words.)
Maurice Isserman (review date September 1995)
SOURCE: Isserman, Maurice. Review of You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train, by Howard Zinn. Journal of American History 82, no. 2 (September 1995): 834-35.
[In the following review, Isserman calls Zinn's autobiography "lucid and unpretentious."]
Howard Zinn arrived at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, in August 1956 to take up duties as chair of the department of history and social science. He tells us in his memoir, You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train, that he had not sought out a job at a "Negro college," and he certainly had no sense that he was arriving in the Deep South just in time to witness the beginnings of the civil rights...
(The entire section is 527 words.)
Howard Zinn and David Barsamian (interview date July 1997)
SOURCE: Zinn, Howard, and David Barsamian. "Howard Zinn." Progressive 61, no. 7 (July 1997): 37-40.
[In the following interview, Barsamian questions the 75-year-old Zinn about his social and political activism, his teaching career, and his writings.]
Howard Zinn is a model of the activist scholar. His classic work, A People's History of the United States, has sold more than half a million copies and is widely used in college and university classrooms. A project to develop A People's History into a TV series is under way.
Zinn grew up class-conscious in a poor immigrant family. "We were always," he recalls, "one step ahead of...
(The entire section is 4286 words.)
Harvey Wasserman (review date March 1998)
SOURCE: Wasserman, Harvey. "Radical Mensch." Progressive 62, no. 3 (March 1998): 43-4.
[In the following review of The Zinn Reader, Wasserman applauds the hopeful tone of the essays in Zinn's collection.]
Howard Zinn, with characteristic innocence, introduces his pathbreaking essay The Southern Mystique, about breaking the color line in Atlanta in the 1950s, like this:
"I did not deliberately seek employment in a black college. I was only vaguely aware such an institution existed. …"
To say that Zinn is unique in the panoply of American writer-teacher-activists is to vastly understate his importance....
(The entire section is 788 words.)
Mariel Garza (review date July 1999)
SOURCE: Garza, Mariel. "Alternate History." Reason 31, no. 3 (July 1999): 15-6.
[In the following review of the twentieth-anniversary edition of A People's History of the United States, Garza describes the phenomenal sales record of Zinn's alternate history and the support it has received from rock stars and movie actors.]
One of the ironies of capitalism is that socialism sells, especially when plugged by millionaire movie stars and rock idols. That helps explains surging sales for A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present, a leftist chronicle by Boston University professor emeritus Howard Zinn. Originally published in 1980 and revised in...
(The entire section is 396 words.)
Further Reading
Knoll, Erwin. "No More Cheers." Washington Post Book World (15 April 1973): 3.
Reviews Postwar America: 1945-1971, contending that Zinn's experiences—as a blue-collar worker, as an Air Force bombardier, as a civil rights activist, and as a leader in the opposition to the Vietnam War—all contribute to his history of postwar America.
McGill, Ralph. "Race: Results Instead of Reasons." Saturday Review 48, no. 2 (9 January 1965): 52.
Suggests that Zinn's two books on the civil rights movement in the South suffer from over-generalization and sentimentalism.
Perlin, Terry...
(The entire section is 181 words.)


text:
Hoopsters in Texas should be chomping at the bit right about now. Why might you ask? Because Shamrock Basketball Association is back for another season. SBA founder Ryan Girardot is taking his tournament-style league to new markets this summer, and taking the Texas rec bball world by storm in the process.
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August 12, 2009
Penny Conway was made a charter member of the Payson Rodeo Legends Ring on Honor on July 17.
Stories this photo appears in:
Rim's legendary and world champion cowboys
The Rim Country and Tonto Basin may be remote, but perhaps that isolation and the best air anywhere are what provided the perfect habitat for rodeo champions and legendary cowboys. The area has produced 11 world champion rodeo competitors over the years and some of them still hold records in their fields. It is also home to some legendary cowboys.
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Partner: UNT College of Visual Arts + Design
Resource Type: Physical Object
Decade: 1460-1469
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Bust of a Man Leaning on His Elbow
Date: 1467
Creator: Lerch, Nicolas
Description: The sculpture depicts an adult man resting his head on his right hand with his elbow resting on his left hand. The bust has a grainy texture, a brown natural color, and is not painted.
Contributing Partner: UNT College of Visual Arts + Design


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Everytime you go to the restaurant and use your credit card, the restaurant shares a percentage of their profits with the TSAA automatically through eScrips. For a $50 bill, the TSAA can get as much as $5. No kidding! Again, that doesn't come out of your wallet, there are no coupons, it's invisible but effective!
Of course we want you to identify the restaurants that support eScrip, and the other stores, and give them your business so we can raise more funds. Use this link to see a demo.
If you use their hotel booking service, you get low rates AND up to 8% of the bill goes to the TSAA, as long as you use one of the debit or credit cards you set up with eScript. It's safe and easy.
Many other merchants already support eScrips when you use your credit card with them:
If you register your card(s) and go to any of these outfits, the TSAA benefits without you having to do anything else- you don't even have to tell them about eScrip, just use the card.
Likewise, we can benefit from any of more than 10,000
restaurants... so earn up to 10% of your purchase for the TSAA!
TO sign up your cards, check this page. It costs nothing and it is secure. Search on the group name "archery", and click on the Texas State Archery Association link that appears.
You need to skip the club card, since no major chains in Texas yet support eScrips. Just click Next, and add up to 7 debit and credit cards. Be sure to click the box beside the Rewards Network before you click the Next button. If you have an Office Max or Macy's card, enter them as well. Click Next, Review the information, and click Confirm. Then, enter a PASSWORD so you can access your account at eScrips.
After eScrips processes your card information you will get periodic email bulletins about promos, and the TSAA starts to get a percentage of the action!
To review the eScrip Program Overview
CURRENT SUMMARY OF ALL MERCHANTS THAT SUPPORT eSCRIP (ACROBAT FILE)
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text:
Topic: Weird behavior after deploying to Heroku?
My app is acting weird on Heroku. I have this create method in my IncidentsController:
def create
@incident = current_user.incidents.new(params[:incident])
@incident.status = "In Progress"
respond_to do |format|
if @incident.save
format.html { redirect_to edit_incident_timesheet_path(@incident), :notice => "The Incident has been saved! Now please fill in the timesheet by adding personnel below. You can do this later if you want to skip this step for now." }
format.html { render :action => "new" }
But when I click 'Submit' when creating a new Incident, it just takes me to the Show Incident page and says 'Incident was successfully created.' It is completely ignoring my custom redirect and it's also not creating a timesheet.
When I run my app locally, the create method works just fine after I click submit, but on Heroku doing something completely different.
Any idea what is going on?
Last edited by FinneJager (2011-01-11 13:08:15)


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Welcome to Hoboken Eddie's! ( BECOME A FAN ON FACE BOOK) http://www.facebook.com/pages/hobokeneddies/388604112291
Chili Pepper magazine recently chose Hoboken Eddie's Specialties of Hoboken, as an official winner in their famous Fiery Food Challenge. The Challenge is one of the oldest and most prestigious contests in the world of hot and spicy food. More than 50 culinary educators,chefs and food writers chose Hoboken Eddie's sauce from hundreds of entrants. Eddie's Sauce knocked their spurs off!
What's so special about Eddie's sauces? Chef Edmund Patrick "Hoboken Eddie" McCarthy starts with the highest quality ingredients and then mixes them with a secret array of herbs and spices to conjure-up his tastebud tantalizing sauces.never thickened with cornstarch or xathum gum,you can taste the difference, There are no animal products, fats, or oils.
*** NEW HOME-GROWN a very hot pepper sauce*** made from assorted hot peppers from Eddie's garden, It's so hot," I tell the men it will put hair on their chest and helpful,for the women in taken it off,it's all in the application" ,lol XO EDDIE
Homegrown. should be on every table, in every restaraunt, it's very hot, but also loaded with flavor,anyone wanting 5 or more bottles of homegrown can have it at $5.00/btl. also anyone getting it into a store or restaraunt will get FREE sauce from me. EDDIE
check out our new tye dye Tee shirts(smalls thru xl $25, xxl's $30)
type in, on order form your size
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Edson, Margaret
Margaret Edson 1961-
American playwright.
Edson has garnered widespread critical recognition for her debut play, Wit (1993; first produced 1995), which dramatizes the diagnosis, treatment, and death of a college professor afflicted with ovarian cancer. Critics laud the work as an absorbing, affecting, and well-written theatrical experience. In 2001 the play was adapted into a highly praised television movie directed by Mike Nichols.
Biographical Information
Edson was born on July 4, 1961 in Washington, D.C. She became interested in drama as a child, and in high school she performed in several drama productions. In 1979 she began her college career at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. In 1983 she received her bachelor's degree in history. She spent a year in Rome, living in a Dominican convent. She then held a series of jobs, including selling hot dogs out of a cart. In the mid-1980s she worked as a unit clerk in the AIDS/oncology unit of a Washington, D.C. hospital, which provided her with the origins of the subject matter of Wit. In 1992 she completed her M.A. in literature from Georgetown University. While at Georgetown she began volunteering through her church as an English as a Second Language tutor. She became interested in teaching, and eventually became a kindergarten teacher. During this time, she also wrote Wit and began to send it around to theaters. In 1993 the play garnered attention when it won the Drama League's annual prize for an unproduced play. In 1995 the South Coast Repertory in Costa Mesa, California, agreed to stage a production of the play. The South Coast Repertory production was very well received, winning six Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle awards. Wit moved to the Long Wharf Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut, and then off-Broadway. That production won New York Drama Critics Circle, Drama Desk, Drama League, and Outer Critics Circle awards. Today Edson is a kindergarten teacher in Atlanta, Georgia.
Major Dramatic Works
Edson's reputation as a playwright rests on Wit, her only dramatic work to date. The play opens with Vivian Bearing, a fifty-year-old English professor specializing in the poetry of John Donne, addressing the audience about her experiences as a cancer patient. In her hospital room, Vivian is dressed in a hospital gown and baseball cap, which hides her hair loss from her aggressive chemotherapy treatments. She flashes back to her teaching days, when she was a very hard-nosed professor with tight-fisted control over her classroom, which proves a stark contrast to her current role as a helpless and frustrated patient. Her doctors see her as little more than a research project, as they try experimental treatments on her that take a toll not only physically but also emotionally. As Vivian's body and mind deteriorate, she begins to come to terms with her impending death with the help of a supportive nurse, Susie, who seems to be the only one who views her as a fellow human being. She also attempts to reach out to one of her young doctors, a research fellow named Jason Posner, a former student of hers; however, she realizes that, like her, he prefers research and scholarly pursuits rather than humanity. As Vivian nears death, Susie lays out her options; after reflection, Vivian chooses a DNR (do not resuscitate) order. When Vivian's heart stops, Jason orders resuscitation, only to have his order countermanded by Susie. Humiliated, he collapses in front of his colleagues. Meanwhile, Vivian rises from her bed, takes off her hat, hospital bracelet, and gown. Naked, she reaches for the light.
Critical Reception
Wit proved to be a great popular and critical success. Several critics have viewed the play as an academic drama, as it focuses on the life of academia and Vivian's love of her work. Reviewers have noted the parallel between the depiction of academia and medicine, as Vivian realizes that she has emphasized cold intellectuality and reason over humanity and personal contact. Commentators have evaluated the integral role of John Donne's verse to the drama, particularly his famous sonnet "Death Be Not Proud." In fact, the importance of language in general is a significant topic of critical discussion. Wit has also been analyzed as a medical drama, and is commended as a compassionate and candid depiction of a dying patient struggling to maintain her independence and dignity while facing her own mortality. A few critics have discussed the role of spirituality in the play; in fact, Edson has identified the theme of redemption as a central one. However, some have questioned the implications of using cancer as a vehicle for Vivian's redemption. Regarded as a compelling, poignant, and rewarding play, Wit deftly explores issues of dignity, mortality, redemption, and humanity.
Principal Works
Wit 1993 [first produced 1995]
Criticism: Wit (1993)
Stefan Kanfer (review date 5-19 October 1998)
SOURCE: Kanfer, Stefan. "Leaps of Faith." The New Leader 81, no. 11 (5-19 October 1998): 22-3.
[In the following review of the off-Broadway production, Kanfer finds Wit to be an absorbing and witty play.]
The academy and the cancer ward share many of the same terms: "exam," "study," "test results," "research," "analysis," "course." Yet as playwright Margaret Edson demonstrates in her new drama, Wit, context is everything. In one arena the words concern illumination and explication; in another, they are a matter of life and death.
Vivian Bearing, PhD (Kathleen Chalfant), is familiar with both the university and the hospital. A professor of English Lit. specializing in the poetry of John Donne, she comes to an unnamed clinic suffering from advanced ovarian cancer. With great calm she addresses the audience, telling us what we will see, from the first phases of her treatment to her final day on earth. "It's highly educational," she says dispassionately. "I am learning how to suffer." Forewarned, we still cannot look away as she is slowly robbed of her independence, her dignity and, finally, her formidable intelligence.
Dressed in one of those hospital gowns designed for maximum humiliation, and hiding her chemotherapy-caused baldness beneath a red baseball cap, Bearing is the very essence of valor. Her specialist, Dr. Harvey Kelekian (Walter Charles), intends to treat the malignancy in an aggressive manner, armed with every surgical, chemical, biological, and radiological means at his command. In this battle he is aided by a brilliant young adjutant, intern Jason Posner (Alec Phoenix). Neither man is cruel by intent. But as they go about their business Bearing ceases to be an individual to them. She becomes, instead, a subject for experimentation. Under the onslaught she makes an effort to remain indomitable, taking comfort in the verse of her beloved 17th century sonneteer:
Death be not proud, though some have called thee Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so, For those whom thou think'st thou dost overthrow, Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me.
As the treatments grow more drastic, Bearing's thoughts slip back to a...
(The entire section is 945 words.)
Kerry Reid (review date 11 May 2000)
SOURCE: Reid, Kerry. Review of Wit, by Margaret Edson. Back Stage West 7, no. 19 (11 May 2000): 17.
[In the following review, Reid praises the 2000 San Francisco production of Wit as "a soaring triumph and a wonderful melding of heart, soul, spirit, and mind."]
"Only a comma separates death from life everlasting," notes Dr. Vivian Bearing, the dying John Donne scholar in Margaret Edson's Wit. And Beating's valiant struggle to cross over from one side of that comma—present in Donne's famous "Death, be not proud" sonnet—to the other with grace, intelligence, courage, and, yes, wit makes for an utterly absorbing, moving, smart, and...
(The entire section is 607 words.)
Richard Hornby (essay date summer 2000)
SOURCE: Hornby, Richard. "The Two August Wilsons." The Hudson Review 53, no. 2 (summer 2000): 291-98.
[In the following excerpt, Hornby deems the role of Vivian to be "a great vehicle for a star actress."]
Margaret Edson's Wit, another play first developed at South Coast Rep, is a rare and welcome depiction of a professor as a positive figure, in contrast to the way we are usually depicted, as hypocrites, lechers, or fools. Perhaps to counteract this iconoclasm, Edson depicts her heroine as dying of ovarian cancer, at the peak of her career at age fifty.
Vivian Bearing, Ph.D., is a prominent scholar of John Donne. She narrates her...
(The entire section is 581 words.)
Rosette C. Lamont (essay date winter 1999-2000)
SOURCE: Lamont, Rosette C. "Coma Versus Comma: John Donne's Holy Sonnets in Edson's Wit." The Massachusetts Review 40, no. 4 (winter 1999-2000): 569-75.
[In the following essay, Lamont considers the relationship between death and sensuality in Wit and examines the seminal role of John Donne's verse in the play.]
In the concluding scene of Margaret Edson's Pulitzer Prize-winning play, Wit, we are shown Dr. Vivian Bearing, Ph.D. in English literature, and foremost scholar of John Donne's metaphysical "Holy Sonnets," rising from the hospital bed in which she just died of stage-four metastatic ovarian cancer. Slowly she loosens the ties of the...
(The entire section is 2649 words.)
Martha Greene Eads (essay date winter 2002)
SOURCE: Eads, Martha Greene. "Unwitting Redemption in Margaret Edson's Wit." Christianity and Literature 51, no. 2 (winter 2002): 241-54.
[In the following essay, Eads explores redemption as a central theme in Wit.]
Winner of the 1999 Pulitzer Prize, Margaret Edson's medical drama Wit has garnered nearly unanimous acclaim. The play's honors include the Drama Desk, Dramatists Guild, New York Drama Critics Circle, Outer Critics Circle, Los Angeles Drama Critics, and Newsday Oppenheimer awards. Reviewers, too, have had high praise for the show. Lancet critic Bertie Bregman lauds Edson for having turned her work experience in a cancer...
(The entire section is 5828 words.)
Jacqueline Vanhoutte (essay date fall-winter 2002-2003)
SOURCE: Vanhoutte, Jacqueline. "Cancer and the Common Woman in Margaret Edson's Wit." Comparative Drama 36, no. nos. 3-4 (fall-winter 2002-2003): 391-410.
[In the following essay, Vanhoutte considers the implications of using cancer as a vehicle for Vivian's redemption in Wit.]
This essay is an exercise in the bringing together of apparently disparate roles. I am an assistant professor of Renaissance literature, and I am a cancer patient. These two identities rarely overlap, since cancer has not proved a popular literary subject. As Susan Sontag notes, although nineteenth-century writers glamorized tubercular patients, "nobody conceives of cancer … as a...
(The entire section is 7505 words.)
John D. Sykes, Jr. (essay date winter 2003)
SOURCE: Sykes, John D., Jr. "Wit, Pride and the Resurrection: Margaret Edson's Play and John Donne's Poetry." Renascence 55, no. 2 (winter 2003): 163-74.
[In the following essay, Sykes argues that Wit is largely concerned with two theological issues expressed in John Donne's poetry: "the recalcitrance of human pride and the utter graciousness of the Resurrection."]
For reasons internal and external to Margaret Edson's play Wit, it is easy to miss the serious dialogue with John Donne's poetry to be found in it. Internally, the last utterance we hear from the dying scholar on the subject of her studies seems to be a rejection—she...
(The entire section is 5458 words.)
Further Reading
Brustein, Robert. "Ways to Break the Silence." The New Republic, 219 no. 18 (2 November 1998): 27-9.
Praises the final scene of Wit.
Daniels, Robert L. Review of Wit, by Margaret Edson. Variety 372, no. 7 (4 October 1998): 189.
Identifies Wit as a "potently cogent and illuminating first play."
Franklin, Nancy. "Wit and Wisdom." The New Yorker 74, no. 42 (18 January 1999): 86-7.
Calls Wit a thrilling theatrical experience.
Gordon, Suzanne. "Doctors' Brains." The Nation 269, no. 4 (26 July...
(The entire section is 315 words.)


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John Kasich was one of Newt Gingrich's young turks in the '90s, when he earned some bipartisan respect for originality, consistency and reasonableness. Now he's the Republican governor of Ohio, and he just did an end run on his Republican-controlled legislature in order to extend Medicaid to 275,000 low-income Ohioans.� He has a message for his national party:
I�m concerned about the fact there seems to be a war on the poor, that if you�re poor, somehow you�re shiftless and lazy. You know what? The very people who complain ought to ask their grandparents if they worked at the W.P.A.Republicans in Washington have fired another salvo at the poor, with $5 billion in food stamp cuts kicking in Friday. I don't think that will do much for either the deficit or the economy. Whatever problems the country has, it isn't because life is too easy for America's poor, and anyone who thinks so is out of touch with the millions of Americans who are hurting. Being out of touch with the poor is no problem if you're rich; it can be a problem if you are a politician, especially in a swing state like Ohio, where one in six people earns below the poverty line. This stuff also comes across as mean-spirited to lots of conservative Republican evangelicals, like Kasich, who are called to help the poor, not make them more miserable.Thus opens another rift in the Republican Party: Working class conservatives and evangelicals sympathetic to the poor vs. ideologues willing to see millions of working poor denied access to health care or food stamps just to spite Barack Obama.Another fissure opened up this week, as it was reported that a coalition of business leaders, evangelicals and prominent conservatives are now pressuring House Republican leaders to advance immigration reform.Then there's the Main St. vs. Wall St. fissure; the libertarian isolationists vs. the national security hawks; the tactical pragmatists vs. the guys who brought us the government shutdown/debt ceiling debacle. Even within the tea party wing, differences between the libertarians and the social conservatives lie just beneath the surface.I don't think that's the kind of ideological diversity that draws people to the Republican brand; it mostly means there are characters on the GOP stage that can drive lots of voters away.� I think it will take a long time for the GOP to work through its divisions, and I'm starting to think the 2016 Republican presidential free-for-all may make the 2012 circus look tame.


text:
A finding aid is a guide to a group of archival records, personal papers, or
manuscripts. It may be a brief summary or a detailed description and inventory.
The finding aid describes the origin, extent, dates, contents, important
topics, and organization of the records. It is a tool to help researchers
determine if the records contain material of interest to them and exactly where
that material is located.


text:
Topic: RadRails - Issues with SVN checkout and project imports
I have recently upgraded to RadRails v0.7.1 and am having a couple of issues, curious if anyone else is and to find it if these are bugs or there are workarounds. The problems I am having are:
1. Any time I try to checkout a project from a properly configured location in RadRails (the SVN co at the commandline works fine) it appears to download much of the project, but then I get the error it could not complete as "svn Failed to add directory 'test': object of the same name already exists". Thing is, no directory with that project name existed on the file system before.
2. If I do an svn co at commandline and then try to import the Rails project, there is no longer an option on the imports (that I may easily find) to import a Rails project and get all the nice automagic stuff upon import.
Any ideas on this? Should I just fall back to v0.7.0 and wait for the next release?


text:
Address 125 N.e. 72nd St.
Portland, Oregon 97213
United States
Portland, Oregon 97213
United States
http://www.att.net Send Email
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The Missouri Department of Transportation currently has two vacancies for staff attorneys available, one in the Central Office located in Jefferson City, Missouri and one in the Southwest Regional Off...
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A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.


text:
Grizzly Adams. Autumn/Winter '13
You don't have to be a survivalist to dig Grizzly Adams, the legendary 19th Century mountain man who talked to the animals way before Dr. Dolittle.
We have chosen Grizzly as our theme for the Autumn/Winter 2013 Prps collection, partly because of Dan Haggerty's beard in the mid-1970s TV series – well maybe not really the beard, but the freewheeling yet capable spirit behind the beard.
Naturally, the TV plot was de-fanged compared to the real fate of the original Grizzly, whose actual career was as out of control as a bear tackling an ornery alligator.
A nasty skirmish with one grizzly bear as a teenager left him permanently scarred, and Grizzly beat a retreat into the family shoe business. But the call of the wild was too loud and he headed off for the great outdoors -- he hoped, for good. A final fling with the regular world ended badly when his entire stock of shoes was burned in a fire. Yet Grizzly remained undaunted and kept bouncing back – mining, hunting, ranching – but being repeatedly fleeced by unscrupulous conmen. When his luck hit rock bottom, Grizzly spent a winter alone in the freezing desert. He was saved by those early shoemaking skills and began making moccasins and the crude but dashing buckskin garb popularized in the TV show, which informs our latest Prps:Goods & Co. (Minus the fringes.)
Eventually Grizzly had his own animals act in Dr. Barnum's traveling shows and became a celebrity showman. Basically, he branded his eccentric lifestyle and sold it as live mass entertainment; a sort of live reality show. Grizzly Adams never stopped hustling and re-inventing till the end – even though he rarely found a human he trusted as much as a good grizzly.
And so we give Pr(O)ps to Grizzly Adams, who ultimately wound up being like our Cherub – bruised but not broken..


text:
Make Next Year a Big Success
This program will help your child become a skilled, enthusiastic reader with strong comprehension. Your child will read more smoothly and quickly, enjoy reading more, and have the reading skills and the confidence that will make next year in school a big success. Your child will:
This program includes five weeks of classroom instruction and stimulating activities led by an experienced teacher, engaging materials that provide instruction at home between the weekly lessons, and independent reading in some of the most enjoyable children's novels ever written.
"The first thing that I noticed with the program was when Montana couldn't put down the book."
For more information, or to enroll by phone, please call:
1 (800) 964-8888
8 am- 10 pm Mon- Fri, 8 am- 7 pm Sat, 10 am- 6 pm Sun
$30 Discount for Each Additional Student
Sign up for the 2017 priority notification list, and receive
a $30 discount for a reading program in your area.
Sign up for the 2017 priority notification list, and receive
a $30 discount for a reading program in your area.
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text:
Best defined as a "department without walls," the department of family and community medicine at The Miriam Hospital serves as the clinical home for the family practice physicians who have admitting privileges at the hospital. The department is directed by physician-in-chief Martin Miner, MD.
To best meet the needs of the community, the department is not confined to one place. Instead, the physicians practice in the community where the care is needed, in private practices and community health centers throughout the state.
Our mission is to improve the primary health care and the lives of the people and communities we serve.
Family medicine is a specialty that provides comprehensive primary care and preventive services to all members of the family, from newborns to grandparents. Family physicians have unique attitudes and skills. They are qualified to care for all family members regardless of sex, age or type of problem (biological, behavioral, or social). In addition to preventing, recognizing and treating disease, family physicians work to get to know the family and develop long-term relationships with their patients.
We believe in promoting healthy lives, healthy communities, and healthy schools. Our goal is to help you and your family lead a happy, healthy, productive and rewarding life. We work with you to develop and maintain a healthy lifestyle that will help prevent injury and disease. In addition to providing quality medical care, we help patients think about "other" parts of life: relationships, lifestyle, habits, working environment and their community. These broader issues have a very important impact on the physical, social, and emotional well-being of people and their families.
For more information about the department of family and community medicine call 401-793-7444.


text:
Nostalgia Electrics™ CCM600 Vintage Collection™ Old Fashioned Cotton Candy Cart
by Nostalgia Electrics | Item #: 151927 | Model #: CCM-600 |
We're sorry, this item is not available in your selected Club. Check another Club
About this itemThe Nostalgia Electrics™ CCM600 Vintage Collection™ Old Fashioned Cotton Candy Cart is designed to resemble vendor carts of the early 1900s, with the convenience of a modern appliance. Simply plug in, turn on, place the recommended amount of flossing sugar or hard candies into the center receptacle, and start spinning colorful, tasty treats.
This fanciful product is fun for the whole family and brings out the kid in everyone. Approved for commercial use, the cotton candy maker will spin sugar into sweet candy floss that collects on cones just like at the carnival!
- Unique flossing head allows the use of both cotton candy sugar and all types of hard and sugar-free hard candy
- Convenient display tray holds six cones
- Full size unit is over 4 feet tall
- Includes 6 plastic cotton candy cones
- Main switch turns motor on and off while heat switch turns on the heating element
- Approved for commercial use
- Includes clear dome guard
- Sugar sold separately
Assembled Country
Assembled Size
Component Country


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The CLR is a member of the CRLA. The CRLA (the College Reading & Learning Association) is an international institution that certifies tutor training programs. The CLR is certified at levels 1, 2, and 3. Each level of certification requires that the tutor undergo training, in addition to conducting 25 hours of contact time with students.
The CLR director, Debbie Malewicki, is a member of the National College Learning Center Association (NCLCA). The mission of the NCLCA is to support learning center professionals as they enhance learning at the post-secondary level.
CRLA Class of 2013
Front: Michael Smircich (CRLA Class of 2012, Award Recipient of CLR's Outstanding Undergraduate Tutor Award for 2013), Samantha Ogden, Dariusz Pracon, Charles Rangel, Joelvito Villaluz, Yun (Joanne) Yang, and Jeffrey Young.
Back: Debra Malewicki (CLR Director), Scott Alpizar, Gregory Bode, Van Cao, Laura Herrmann, Noumso Kaba, Liang Li, Lanmeng Ma, Jodi Shydlo (CLR Associate Director), and Megan Fimbel (CLR Peer Tutoring Program Coordinator).
Not Pictured: Patrick Amadi, Mary Clark, Jonathan Coscarelli, Emily McCabe, and Jennie Stremlo.
CRLA Class of 2012
Front: Yaoxiang (Lisa) Ren, Magali Bazzano, Michael Smircich, Tess Carroll, Dana Carabillo, Shican Li, and Megan Rowe.
Back: Chi (Peter) Zhang, Syed Razvi, Jifeng Liu, Jason Eichelman, Yilin Kang, Kristen Fowble, Amanda Brown, Laura Anderman, Mina Elias, and Megan Fimbel (CLR Peer Tutoring Program Coordinator).
Not Pictured: Jaclyn Kubala and Kristin McElheny.
CRLA Class of 2011
Amy Salahedin, Han Lu, Amber Higgins, Kimberly Harman, Danielle Gorka, Megan Fitzsimmons, Megan Fimbel, Sheila Angelica, Gabrielle Margiotta, and Kristine Olli.
Not Pictured: John Capozzo, Tiffany Du, Kyle Lambert, Sarah Mattson, Amanda Scalza, and Kendra Woodtke.
CRLA Class of 2010
Amy Mills (Former CLR Peer Tutoring Program Coordinator), Holly Salmon (Former CLR Director), Rob Harvey, Kristine Lambracht, Bradley Parcella, Rebecca Perkins, Jessica Warnock, and Gillian Lazarus.
Not Pictured: Kaitlyn Cimino, John Cooper, William Donegan, Chelsea Keel, Devin Racicot, and Aaron Roudabush.


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (43 votes).
In short: Better than expectedIn full: Previous reports billed this as not being proper distance, so I was pleasantly surprised to find they had done some work measuring the course. Think it might have been a smidge long (10.11 km according to two separate Garmins) but that could just be down to veering all over the place to avoid some loose ground (gravel/mud)Very nice scenery on a crisp (cold) but sunny morning. Marshals out on the course were fairly quiet (they mostly looked a bit sheepish!) - water station at 2.5km and 7.5km with more enthusiastic children, they did a great job.Slightly hilly overall, but nothing major.Oddity with the prizes, first three females were all vets. They gave the first one home the prize for being first female vet, and then passed the prize for first female overall to the lady who finished as fourth female.Not a big deal really, just a bit of a headscratcher - the people organising the race were all so nice that it seemed churlish to mention it. But it did seem...well...bonkers.Nice atmosphere overall, with the emphasis on it being a fun run - far less club vests than you see at an average 10k raceDate of review: October 19, 2011
In short: What better way to spend a Sunday morning!In full: Fantastic route through glorious autumn scenery. Route revisions this year gave us a full 10k - well done organisers! Easy to park, friendly atmosphere beforehand, finish at a pub for post-race pint. Perfect! See you next year!Date of review: October 17, 2011
In short: Much Hillier than expectedIn full: Nice 10K out of Buckingham and round Stowe School and Lakes. Much hillier than told/expected but a good challenge and enjoyed it. Probably be back next yearDate of review: October 17, 2011
In short: the km markers a bit out,but this is a verry scenic & enjoyable event,free of parking hassles etcDate of review: October 17, 2011
In short: Small but perfectly formedIn full: What a glorious day for a run and what a great course! Undulating but no big hills, little bit of cross country mud to liven things up a bit but mostly sandy track or tarmac path so very quick. Was promised a PB by last years racers and was not disappointed! Great race, will be back next yearDate of review: October 18, 2010
Date of review: October 17, 2010
In short: Great to run through the Stowe grounds again, shame about the cost & distanceIn full: This could be a really good event if the organisers decide to do it properly. The circuit through the Stowe grounds is beautiful and a trip down memory lane to my X-Country days.The main criticism is the £15 on the day entry fee for what is, as the name suggests, basically a fun run. The lack of stewards on the course (the leaders went the wrong way at one point!) and even a Mars bar at the end left me slightly short-changed although unless more people support the event the money has to come from somewhere.The unknown distance is irritating, especially when you feel you've run well, and it is surely not too difficult to measure the actual distance or to extend it to 10km. As others have said, the opening couple of "kms" are very tight and the race would need to move on to the main part of Stowe Ave if it ever got bigger. It was nice however to take part in a race devoid of elite runners allowing us mere mortals to challenge the leaders and I'm sure I will be back next year.Date of review: October 21, 2009
In short: A nice local run, great viewsDate of review: October 19, 2009
In short: Local and LovelyIn full: Another cold Buckingham Fun Run but still, it's a good race. The 'short' 10k is still a disappointment though, as was the, very high on the day, entry fee. Should be better advertised to make it a bigger race, though the first part of Stowe Avenue would necessarily become too congested. Would have been good to have had more supporters on the route though. Still smiling at the end so see you next year!Date of review: October 18, 2009
In short: This was my 1st 10k, and i loved it ! Picturesque scenery at around the 5k mark was delightful. Date of review: October 18, 2009
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