text:
- The following nine courses: TH 103 (Fall Only) (4 credits) , TH 129 (try to complete by the end of the Sophomore year) (2 credits) , TH 130 (try to complete by the end of the Sophomore year) (2 credits) , TH 140 (3 credits) , TH 229 (Generally Fall Only - complete by Fall of Junior year) (3 credits) , TH 230 (Spring Only - complete by end of Junior year) (3 credits) , TH 235 (1 credit*), TH 250 (1-4 credits‡), and TH 335 (2 credits**) .
- At least one course in dramatic literature: EN 215, EN 225, EN 339, EN 343,
EN 345, EN 346, EN 359; FF 318; FG 356; FS 321; or CC 222, CC 223. Other courses may be acceptable with permission of the department.
- TH 333, TH 334, TH338, TH339 or TH 341.
- TH 376 (Class of 2012 and beyond)
- Eighteen additional semester hours in the Theater Department (in consultation with faculty, select courses in other departments may be substituted for some concentrations)
- NOTE: Additionally, TH377 SENIOR SEMINAR (1 credit) is strongly recommended for all students who plan to pursue a professional career and/or graduate training in the theatre. In this course we deal with further study (graduate school and studios), finding employment, lving as an artist, budgeting, resume development, etc.
- Total: 48-51 credits (dependent upon number of credits for TH250). Many students, depending upon the concentration, take a total of 60 credits in theater.
- ‡Production Seminar
- May be taken for 1, 2, 3 or 4 credits in any given semester
- May be taken for a maximum of 6 credits during a student's career
- Enrollment is predicated on the fact that a student has been cast in a production or has been assigned a significant staff position
- The choice of credits will be determined by both the student and the faculty member leading the seminar class and will reflect the anticipated time commitment as well as the student's course load
- Whenever involved in a Seminar Production as an actor or in a significant staff position, consider registering for this course immediately after casting is complete.
- ‡Production Seminar
*TH235 may be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits. Many Theater student take this course each semester in the first three years at Skidmore. **TH335 may be repeated for a maximum of 4 credits. Many Theater students take this course both semesters of the Senior year.
Areas of Concentration: The following is a recommended sequence of study in each area. With faculty advising other courses might be substitued in each concentration and other concentrations can be design for individual students in playwriting, dramaturgy, theater management, and stage management.
Acting: TH 101, TH 104, TH 198, TH 203, TH 204, TH 211,
Directing: TH 104, TH 140, TH 203, TH 204, TH 333, TH 375.
Design and Technical Theater: TH 216, TH 228 or TH 238, TH 305, TH 337; AR 131, AR 133.
Students interested in Theater Administration shouldseriously consider Arts Administration as a minor.
HONORS:Departmental honors are based on a quality point average of 3.50 in all major courses, satisfactory completion of "Senior Project" (TH 376), and high quality work on other departmental projects. A Senior Project Proposal must be filed with the department by the end of the second semester of the Junior year.After departmental evaluation, produced work of exceptional merit in TH376 (Senior Project) based on either a seminar production during the senior year or in another approved Senior Project.
THE THEATER MINOR: A minor in theater is available for students interested in a general education in theater but not necessarily intensive training in a single concentration. 23 semester hours are required: TH103, TH129 or TH130, TH104 or TH140, TH229, TH230, TH235, TH250; one 300-level course in theater beyond the introductory level; and one course in dramatic literature outside the department.
Those students interested in combining a study of theater with art, dance, literature, or music should consult with the Theater Department and their advisors about double-majors or the formulation of a self-determined major.


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Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
On-line version ISSN 2411-9717
Print version ISSN 0038-223X
J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. vol.112 n.8 Johannesburg Jan. 2012
A philosophical view on the testing of rock support for rockburst conditions
T.R. Stacey
School of Mining Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand
Physical testing of rock support for rockbursting conditions has been carried out for over 40 years. A review of this testing shows that it has been mostly component-based, rather than actually testing support systems. Further, it is concluded that none of the testing is truly representative of rockburst loading in a similitude sense. Similitude conditions are not achievable, mainly because the real conditions in a rockburst event, such as seismic source location and magnitude, wave frequencies, amplitudes, and interactions, are not all known. Because such information is not available, and because the results of all testing carried out to date have not been able to define, for support design purposes, the capacity of support systems, ongoing physical testing of rockburst support systems is essential. It is essential that the test should simulate, or actually take place in, a supported rock excavation. A rock support system is a combination of individual support components that work together to retain and contain the rock. In doing this, the components are subjected to loading by the rock and to interactive loading between one component and another. It is necessary to prove the capacity of such rockburst support systems by subjecting them to severe loading, as in direct blasting. The direct blasting approach, pioneered more than 40 years ago, probably still provides the greatest validity as a significant test of rockburst support capabilities, even though it does not simulate a rockburst. Direct blast testing of rockburst support systems in a surface environment, such as in a quarry or on exposed rock cutting surfaces, could represent a practical development of the approach, facilitating the execution and monitoring of tests.
Keywords: rockburst, rock support systems, dynamic testing
The formal design of support for underground excavations requires knowledge of the demands to which the support will be subjected and the capacity of the support. Stability will usually be achieved if the capacity exceeds the demand. The capacities of individual elements of support such as rockbolts, wire mesh, and shotcrete can be calculated from their mechanical properties and the loading conditions to which they will be subjected. It is a straightforward matter to calculate the capacity of a rockbolt under tensile loading using the strength properties of the steel and the dimensions of the bolt.
However, rockbolt performance also depends on installation quality, which includes the effectiveness of anchoring, the extent of grouting, the strength of the grout, the surface condition of bolt, etc. Similarly, capacities of mesh and other individual components will be influenced by installation quality and numerous other factors, making the value of theoretical calculations questionable. In real underground situations, however, the performance of support elements on an individual basis is rarely of much relevance, since it is the performance of the rock support system that is of importance. A rock support system is a combination of individual support components that work together to retain and contain the rock. In doing this, the components are subjected to loading by the rock and to interactive loading between one component and another. Therefore, a rockbolt could be subjected to a combination of tensile, shear, bending, and torsional loading by the rock under static and, particularly, dynamic conditions. Similarly, other components of support - wire mesh, shotcrete, fibre-reinforced shotcrete, face plates, straps, lacing, etc - could be subjected to combinations of loading mechanisms. Connection between the rockbolts and the surface support also implies that the surface support will impose loadings on the rockbolts, and vice versa. Owing to these complex situations, theoretical determination of the capacity of a support system is very unlikely to be successful, particularly in a dynamic loading environment. The weakest link principle will usually apply in that, if one component fails, it is then likely that the whole support system will be incapable of containing the damage.
An alternative approach to determining the capacity of rock support systems is to carry out physical testing of support components and support systems. However, although such testing in relation to support for rockburst conditions has been carried out for many years, satisfactory determination of the capacity of rock support systems for design purposes is not yet a reality. Stacey (2011) indicates that, since the support system capacity is unknown, and since, in addition, the demand on the system in a rockbursting event can also not be determined with confidence, a clear case of design indeterminacy results.
This paper will focus on the philosophy of physical testing of the capacities of rock support systems.
A review of past physical testing of rock support elements and systems
To place the testing of support systems into context, it is appropriate to indicate the behaviours experienced in rockburst events. Rockbursts are very violent events that commonly result in considerable damage to excavations (Ortlepp, 1997). Rock is usually ejected, and when this is the case, the ejected rock is commonly observed to be fragmented into relatively small blocks and slabs, as illustrated in Figure 1. Rockbolts, and surface support elements such as wire mesh and shotcrete, often fail. In such events, conventional rockbolts and cables often exhibit brittle failure. Another common observation is that when the surface support fails, the ejection of rock often leaves the reinforcement elements exposed, protruding out of the rock as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Gravity does not play a significant role in rockburst events, and ejection can be in any direction. Floor-heave and sidewall ejections are common, as shown in Figure 3. It can be seen from these illustrations that rockbursts are very violent events, resulting in unpredictable damage.
In summary, a rockburst event results in the ejection of a volume of rock, often at significant velocity. Back-analyses of rockburst damage observations have yielded data on ejection velocities. Many results are in a range up to 10 m/s, but in one case Ortlepp (1993) calculated a velocity exceeding 50 m/s. Since energy involves the square of the velocity, support systems are required to absorb large amounts of energy if rockburst damage is to be contained.
A summary of the dynamic testing of rock support carried out in various countries has been presented by Hadjigeorgiou and Potvin (2007), and an interpretation of all the results obtained has been presented by Potvin et al. (2010). These two papers deal with testing using blasting and drop weight impacts to represent rockburst loading. They did not refer to the early blasting tests carried out by Ortlepp (1969), who was probably the first to carry out dynamic testing of rock support. He carried out two tests on rockbolt and mesh support systems installed in a tunnel, one with conventional rockbolts and the other with the yielding rockbolts that he had developed (Ortlepp, 1968). The rockburst loading was represented by blasting, with blastholes 430 mm apart drilled parallel to the tunnel axis about 600 mm outside the tunnel perimeter. The geometry of this test is shown in Figure 4.
In the first test, the explosive intensity was excessive and all support failed. A second test with reduced blast intensity proved that the support system, consisting of yielding rockbolts and a double layer of 8 gauge 50 mm aperture linked wire mesh, could contain the energy of the blast. Ortlepp's sketch of the tunnel profile after the test, shown in Figure 5, clearly illustrates the effectiveness of his yielding support system on the right hand side of the tunnel, and the ineffectiveness of the conventional support system on the left hand side.
Ortlepp (1992b) repeated this type of blasting loading test in a different mining environment, and the result was similar. Measurements during the test showed an ejection velocity of the conventionally supported wall of 10 m/s. A short while after completion of this test, a nearby tunnel was damaged in an actual rockburst, and the damage observed was indistinguishable from that in the blasting test. This indistinguishable characteristic of the result the blasting test perhaps lends credibility to the test as being representative of the effects of real rockburst loading.
More recent blasting 'rockburst' tests carried out by several researchers are described by Hadjigeorgiou and Potvin (2007). These include the test carried out by the CSIR in South Africa, the geometry of which is shown in Figure 6. Hagan et al. (2001) provide a summary of tests, with details provided by Milev et al. (2001), Reddy and Spottiswoode (2001), Haile and Le Bron (2001), and Hildyard and Milev (2001).
Tests carried out in Canada are described by Espley et al. (2002), Archibald et al. (2003), and Tannant et al. (1993), and those in Australia by Heal and Potvin (2007). The results, which are summarized by Potvin et al. (2010), indicate that gas pressure 'was a problem' in some of the tests.
The tests described by Archibald et al. (2003) are very interesting in that they represent blasting tests of a range of support systems. However, the surprisingly low level of damage observed is perhaps indicative of the fact that explosive energy and the use of a single blasthole may have been insufficient to 'test' the support satisfactorily. It is probable that the initial damage was due to the shock wave reflection, and subsequent damage was due to the cratering effect from the blast.
The testing described by Hagan et al. (2001) minimized gas loading, and indicated ejection velocities were in the range of 0.7 to 2.5 m/s, determined from high-speed video recording. Ground velocities of 3.3 m/s were recorded by an accelerometer. Rock support involved in the test consisted of fully cement grouted rockbolts only. 'Rockburst' damage occurred on the tunnel wall where the PPV exceeded 0.7 m/s. High-intensity damage occurred where the ground velocity of 3.3 m/s was recorded.
A similar blasting geometry was used by Potvin and Heal (2010) to ensure that the dynamic testing of the rock support was not influenced by gas pressure. In their first test they measured PPVs in the range of 0.3 to 2.4 m/s. Two support systems were used: cone bolts (yielding rockbolts) and high energy absorption (HEA) mesh; and cone bolts with mesh and fibre-reinforced shotcrete. Minor damage of the support was observed. The same location was used for the second test, with the implication that the rock mass was possibly 'damaged' (fractured) by the first blast. In this second test, PPVs of 0.6 m/s to 3.0 m/s were recorded, and significant damage occurred. A mass of rock of about 100 t was ejected, with both support systems sustaining damage.
Owing to the difficulty of carrying out blasting tests, Ortlepp (1992a) proposed the use of a 'synthetic concrete sidewall' for ejection. This concept was subsequently implemented in a quarry as the vertical ejection of the concrete mass (Ortlepp, 1994), with the ejection again achieved by blasting. Ejection velocities of the order of 12 m/s were measured and the tests demonstrated that 'low-strength' cone bolts yielded satisfactorily in tension, without breaking, at these velocities. Yield displacements of the order of 0.5 m occurred in these experiments in absorbing the energy of ejection produced by the blasts. In contrast, much stronger, fully-grouted rebar bolts failed in the tests and had a low energy absorption capacity. All of these tests were of groups of rockbolts, not of support systems involving a combination of support elements. In addition, they involved tensile loading only, and bolts were not subjected to shear, or combinations of stresses such as tensile and shear.
One may question whether blast loading is a satisfactory representation of rockburst loading (one of the philosophical considerations to be dealt with in the next section), since shock waves, and subsequently (and substantially), gas pressure (i.e., a blowing outwards) provide the loads. In contrast, in a rockburst, a mass of rock is suddenly accelerated, with no gas pressure involved. In fact, the dilation of the rock mass involved in the ejected material will probably result in a brief negative air pressure. The use of blasting for rockburst test purposes has disadvantagesit is costly; it requires special environments, usually underground; and it is usually not repeatable. As a result, alternative laboratory testing methods, usually involving some form of drop weight system, have been developed for evaluation of rock support. An example is shown in Figure 7. Such 'laboratory rockburst' testing of rock support components and systems has been carried out in several countries using somewhat different testing methods (Ortlepp and Stacey, 1994,1997,1998; Yi and Kaiser, 1994; Kaiser et al., 1996; Stacey and Ortlepp, 1999, 2001, 2002a, 2002b; Gaudreau et al., 2004; Li et al., 2004; Player et al., 2004, 2008a, 2008b; Plouffe et al., 2008; Li and Charette, 2010). Further, the references and bibliography provided by Kaiser et al. (1996) indicate numerous unpublished reports of testing, authored mainly by Tannant.
Most of these test methods and results referred to above have been described by Hadjigeorgiou and Potvin (2007) and the results summarized by Potvin et al. (2010). Figure 8 shows one of the graphs from Potvin et al. (2010), giving, from the above publications, the estimated capacities of various components and combinations of surface support. It can be seen that very significant levels of energy can be absorbed by appropriate support, provided that yield, or displacement, can take place. The value of wire rope lacing in absorbing energy is also apparent from Figure 8, a contribution that was specifically identified by Stacey and Ortlepp (2002a). As can be seen from this diagram, wire rope lacing can enhance the capacity of mesh and shotcrete by as much as seven times.
The results in Figure 8 show the capacities of containment support (mesh, shotcrete, liners, straps, lacing), but do not provide data on capacities of systems, which are combinations of retainment and containment support elements, as well as the connecting components (nuts, faceplates, etc). The performance of a support system will depend on the performance of all of these components. The link between a rockbolt and containment support such as mesh usually involves a steel faceplate on the bolt. Such plates often fail because of irregular rock-bearing surfaces or non-axial loading on the bolt. Tests carried out, in which loading simulated 'real' conditions rather than idealized flat-surface bearing conditions, demonstrated that plate capacities were much less than their specified values (Van Sint Jan and Palape, 2007) because the plates failed in a folding mode. Nut failures were also observed in these tests. Plate capacities are enhanced by the use of lacing and/or straps, which spread the load rather than allowing it to be concentrated on the plate alone.
A drop weight testing facility that was able to test support systems for use in tabular mining stopes was described by Ortlepp et al. (2001). The essential components of this facility were the collapsible roof, which represented the hangingwall of the stope, and a drop weight that provided the impact energy. Figure 9 illustrates a section through the facility. The collapsible roof consisted of three clamped 'cracked' beams, made up of 12 high-strength concrete 'slabs' representing the fractured hangingwall. The 'slabs' were assembled into beams, with steel threaded bars providing a clamping force.
The two side-beams, two decks, and the three 'cracked' beams forming the collapsible roof were supported at the corners by four concrete pillars. Prestressed stope support could be accommodated, and holding-down ties were required to hold the roof in position while the stope support was being prestressed.
The dynamic load was imposed on the collapsible roof by dropping a solid steel cylinder of 10 t mass from the requisite height onto the facility. The impact was taken on a steel plate, and distributed through a pyramid of steel-clad concrete blocks. The drop weight fell freely from a maximum height of about 3 m to deliver a maximum impulse of 300 kJ at an impact velocity of 7.7 m/s.
The facility was thus representative of a stress-fractured tabular gold mine hangingwall clamped by a confining stress. Support systems consisting, for example, of props and straps or mesh over the 9 m2 area, could be tested. The philosophical question is whether this testing facility actually simulates a rockburst, or simply provides a support system testing facility that can carry out repeatable tests.
Thus, in summary, this review of alternative testing methods has shown that, while data is available on individual support components, knowledge of the capacities of rock support systems, from theoretical calculations or in the form of data from practical testing programmes, is absent.
Philosophical considerations regarding physical 'rockburst' testing of rock support
The information provided above clearly indicates that quantified data on capacities of support systems does not exist, and therefore it is not possible to carry out a formal design of a rock support system applicable to rockbursting conditions.
Comments on testing approaches
Testing of individual support elements
Is there merit in testing individual elements? The simple answer to this question is that testing of individual rock support elements is essential in order to be able to understand and compare their capacities with alternatives. Such tests are also necessary to check on quality of the components and to ensure adherence to specifications; for example, type of steel and steel behaviour, resin and grout quality, etc. The tests must be appropriate to the dynamic behaviour, however. For example, a conventional pull test on a grouted rockbolt is usually not appropriate for determining the capacity of, or the behaviour of, that bolt.
Drop weight testing
The advantages and disadvantages of drop weight testing are as follows: Advantages
- Relatively simple and quick to perform
- Can provide repeatable results
- Suitable for comparative testing and quality control testing.
- Impact loading may not be representative of rockburst loading
- Direct impact on surface support is not considered to be representative of rockburst loading
- When impact via a load spreader is used, the load/energy to which the support is actually subjected is unknown
- Appropriate representation of lateral continuity of support is unlikely to be achieved
- The effect of the stress in, or confinement of, the rock mass is usually not taken into account
- The methods published have generally not achieved satisfactory testing of support systems involving both retainment and containment elements. A probable exception to this is the large-scale facility described by Ortlepp et al. (2001) for tabular stope support system testing.
The momentum transfer concept used by Player et al. (2008a, 2008b) is an interesting variation on drop weight testing. It is likely that it provides more realistic 'rockburst' loading than the impact drop test, but the arresting mechanism may introduce an unknown into this area. The method also shares many of the disadvantages listed above.
It may be concluded that a drop weight test is a dynamic test that does not really simulate 'rockburst' loading, and generally is not able to test support systems.
Direct blast testing
From the published information on testing that has been carried out on rock support using direct blasts (for example, Ortlepp, 1969), it is clear that this constitutes a severe test of the support. We do not know the detail of what happens in such as test, since only the result can be observed. The gas pressure will have a strong influence, which is perhaps the main reason why such a test is very different from a rockburst. However, from his observations, Ortlepp (1992b) believes that the damage produced in such a test is indistinguishable from rockburst damage. Nevertheless, this type of test certainly cannot be claimed to simulate a rockburst.
Part of the volume of rock in the angled blasthole tests by Tannant et al. (1993) involved direct blasting damage. Initial damage was due to the reflected shock wave, and small rock fragments were ejected. Subsequent damage was the result of gas pressure, involving the ejection of large volumes of rock. Similarly, the tests described by Archibald et al. (2003) represent a combination of both indirect and direct blast tests.
Indirect blast testing
Indirect blast testing of rock support is probably the closest simulation of rockburst loading. It removes the issue of gas pressure almost completely. However, questions remain as to whether wave interaction, wave frequency, source mechanism, source location, and source magnitude as a result of the blast are sufficiently similar to those in a rockburst event. Indirect blasting tests are not repeatable since the site of the test will generally be destroyed in the test. If not destroyed, the rock mass will probably have been significantly modified by the blast so as to be unusable for repeat testing. It is also likely that indirect blast testing will be too costly and too inconvenient in an underground mine environment to be practical for comparison of the performances of different support systems. If tests are carried out at more than one site, even if blasts are identical, comparison of results may be difficult, since rock mass and confinement conditions will differ from site to site. Thus, while the results of indirect blast tests will be of interest, they are unlikely to provide satisfactory support design data. They are unlikely to become a 'standard' test for rockburst support.
The philosophical questions
The fundamental question is, 'What is the purpose of the physical testing of rock support?' Some of the possible aims of the testing are:
To quantify the capacity of the support for formal design purposes, i.e. to provide detailed data for rock support design
To evaluate support performance and provide empirical data for empirical design purposes
To check on the quality of the support and its installation
To prove that the support can withstand the energy involved in the expected magnitude of seismic event, and therefore limit damage to the excavations
To expose the support to severe conditions that will prove that the support can withstand such conditions and ensure the safety of personnel under such conditions.
Questions that arise regarding the testing of rock support systems for rockbursting conditions are:
Should the test simulate a rockburst, i.e. should similitude conditions be achieved?
Should the test simulate a supported rock excavation?
Should the test be a practical one that can be used to compare the performance of alternative systems?
Should the test be one that can be used for quality control?
Should the test be a severe test of the support?
The more important of these questions are dealt with below.
Can we hope to achieve similitude with a rockburst? Although seismicity has been monitored carefully for many years, generating large volumes of data, and thorough inspections of rockburst damage locations have been carried out, with observations from these inspections documented (Durrheim, 2012), we still cannot define with any confidence what characteristics will occur in a future, specific rockburst. We do not know the following main items of information (that would be necessary to ensure similitude conditions) with any confidence: the location and magnitude of a potential seismic event; the characteristics of the seismic waves, their interactions, and their interaction with the excavation surface; the ejection velocity that will result from the seismic event; the direction of action of the ejection force; the mass of rock that will be involved in the ejection; and the characteristics of this volume of rock mass and its confinement. It is therefore clear that we have no basis for developing a test that simulates a rockburst.
Is it necessary for the test to simulate a supported rock excavation? If we hope to be able to test rock support systems, then it is essential that the test should simulate, or actually be conducted in, a supported rock excavation. A rock support system is a combination of individual support components that work together to retain and contain the rock. In doing this, the components are subjected to loading by the rock and to interactive loading between one component and another. Therefore, a rockbolt could be subjected to a combination of tensile, shear, bending, and torsional loading by the rock, and by other support elements attached to it, in a rockburst event. Similarly, the other components of support such as wire mesh, fibre-reinforced shotcrete, thin spray-on liners, straps, lacing, face plates, etc, could similarly be subjected to combinations of loading mechanisms. Connection between the rockbolts and the surface support implies that the rockbolts will impose loadings on the surface support, and vice versa. It will be impossible to evaluate the behaviour of support in these complex situations unless real support systems installed in real rock masses are tested.
There is much merit in developing a standard test that can be used to compare support performance (and be used for quality control). This was a conclusion of Hadjigeorgiou and Potvin (2007), who also suggest that results from such tests could be correlated with rockburst behaviour from case studies, leading possibly, in the future, to an empirical design approach.
Should the test be a severe test of the support? Safety is of paramount importance, and if we are to achieve safety of personnel in rockbursting conditions, then rock support systems must be able to withstand severe conditions. Since neither the demand on the support, nor the capacity of the support, are known with confidence, the only way to maximize safety is to ensure that the rock support is capable of withstanding severe conditions. Since similitude is not achievable, the most practical way in which severe testing of rock support can be carried out is by direct blasting, as was done by Ortlepp (1969) more than 40 years ago. He demonstrated in his severe testing that use of a support system incorporating his yielding rockbolts was successful in containing damage, whereas conventional support was destroyed. In spite of the success of those bolts, they were not implemented in the mines, and 40 years later, yielding rockbolts are still not implemented universally in rockbursting mines in South Africa.
Where to with physical testing of rock support? Physical testing of rockburst support should clearly be continued with the aim of testing its capacity and possibly providing design data. Where feasible, underground blasting tests are encouraged as severe tests of the support. If suitable testing facilities are available on surface, such as in a quarry or on exposed rock cutting surfaces, then installation and direct blast testing of rockburst support systemsis recommended. Such testing on surface has the advantage of not interfering with mining operations. It also facilitates access, installation of support components, visual and video monitoring, and other instrumentation and measurements. The use of surface 'rockburst' testing of support systems was described by Archibald et al. (2003), and review of this procedure is of value. However, as indicated above, the level of support damage induced in the tests was very low, indicating that, if severe conditions are to be achieved, additional blast holes and greater explosive charges will be necessary.
Observation, interpretation, and documentation of real rockburst damage must continue, with the hope of correlating observed behaviour and rockburst event magnitude with behaviour in direct blasting tests, perhaps using a damage classification approach.
What about support costs? The introduction of 'severe support' is likely to increase direct costs of support. However, support component costs are only one of many costs associated with the consequences of rockbursts. Other consequential costs include accidents and associated costs, including work stoppages; clean-up costs and rehabilitation costs; the cost of loss of production in operations directly affected by the damage; the costs of loss of production in areas more remote from the damage, owing to loss of access; cost due to reassignment of crews; the cost associated with loss of ore; and costs that are difficult to quantify, such as public perception, reduction of mining company share price, reduced worker morale, labour unrest, etc. Therefore, if rockburst damage can be reduced or prevented, both direct and indirect costs that might be associated with damage will be minimized. Recent research by Rwodzi (2010) has shown that indirect costs far outweigh direct support costs, with loss of production usually being the major indirect cost. The introduction of 'severe support' is therefore likely to reduce overall costs and create value for the mine. The same argument applies to rockburst support testing - without such testing, improved support design and innovation will not result. Therefore, costs associated with such testing are a necessary part of the value creation investment.
A review of physical testing of rockburst support over a period of more than 40 years has indicated that most testing has been component-based rather than testing support systems, and that none of the testing really simulates actual rockburst conditions. Testing methods have included direct and indirect blasting tests, and drop weight tests. It is concluded that it is not possible to obtain rockburst similitude conditions in a test. It is impossible to design rockburst support systems using a conventional approach, since neither the demand on a support system nor the capacity of a support system can be satisfactorily defined. Therefore, it is necessary to prove rockburst support systems by subjecting them to severe loading, as in direct blasting. Therefore, the blasting approach pioneered by Ortlepp (1969) more than 40 years ago probably still provides the greatest validity as a significant test of rockburst support capabilities, even though it does not simulate a rockburst. It is suggested that direct blast testing of rockburst support systems in a surface environment, such as in a quarry or on exposed rock cutting surfaces, could be a practical approach that does not interfere with mining operations, and which also facilitates access for installation of support components, and for visual and video monitoring, as well as other instrumentation and measurements.
The introduction of 'severe' rockburst support in mines will result in increased support costs. However, recent research has shown that the cost of support is a small fraction of the consequential costs associated with support failures, collapses, and accidents. Therefore, prevention or containment of rockburst damage is almost certain to create value for the mining operation.
The South African National Research Foundation (NRF) is thanked for providing funding.
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Heal, D. and Potvin, Y. 2007. In-situ dynamic testing of ground support using simulated rockbursts. Deep Mining 07. Potvin, Y. (ed.). Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth. pp. 373-394. [ Links ]
Hildyard, M.W. and Milev, A.M. 2001. Simulated rockburst experiment: development of a numerical model for seismic wave propagation from the blast, forward analysis. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 234-245. [ Links ]
Kaiser, P.K. 1993. Keynote Address: Support of tunnels in burst-prone ground - toward a rational design methodology. Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines. Young, R.P. (ed.). Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 13-27. [ Links ]
Kaiser, P.K. 1994. Support in burst-prone ground. Rockburst Workshop, ISRM Rock Mechanics Symposium, Santiago, Chile, May 1994. 24 pp. [ Links ]
Kaiser, P.K., McCreath, D.R., and Tannant, D.D. 1996. Canadian Rockburst Support Handbook: Volume 2: Rockburst Support. Canadian Rockburst Research Program 1990-1995. Canadian Mining Industry Research Organization - CAMIRO, Sudbury, Ontario. [ Links ]
Milev, A.M., Spottiswoode, S.M., Rorke, A.J., and Finnie, G.J. 2001. Seismic monitoring of a simulated rockburst on a wall of an underground tunnel. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 253-260. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. 1968. A yielding rockbolt. Research Organisation Bulletin of the Chamber of Mines of South Africa, no. 14, pp. 6-8. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. 1969. An empirical determination of the effectiveness of rockbolt support under impulse loading. Procedings of the International Symposium on Large Permanent Underground Openings, Oslo, September 1969. Brekke, T.L. and Jorstad, F.A. (eds.). Universitats-forlaget. pp. 197-205. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. 1992a. Invited lecture: The design of support for the containment of rockburst damage in tunnels. Rock Support in Mining and Underground Construction. Kaiser, P.K. and McCreath, D.R. (eds.). Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 593-609. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. 1992b. Implosive-load testing of tunnel support. Rock Support in Mining and Underground Construction. Kaiser, P.K. and McCreath, D.R. (eds.). Balkema, Rotterdam. pp 675-682. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. 1993. High ground displacement velocities associated with rockburst damage. Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines. Young, R.P. (ed.). Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 101-106. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. 1994. Grouted rock-studs as rockburst support: A simple design approach and an effective test procedure. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 94, pp. 47-63. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. 1997. Rock fracture and rockbursts - an illustrative study. The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 255 p. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. and Stacey, T.R. 1994. The need for yielding support in rockburst conditions, and realistic testing of rockbolts. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Applied Rockburst Research, Santiago, Chile. SOCHIGE. pp. 265-275. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. and Stacey, T.R. 1995. The spacing of support - safety and cost implications. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol 95, May-June 1995. pp. 141-146. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. and Stacey, T.R. 1997. Testing of tunnel support: dynamic load testing of rock support containment systems. SIMRAC GAP Project 221. Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee, Johannesburg. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D. and Stacey, T.R. 1998. Performance of tunnel support under large deformation static and dynamic loading. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 15-21. [ Links ]
Ortlepp, W.D., Wesseloo, J., and Stacey, T.R. 2001. A facility for testing of stope support under realistic 'rockburst' conditions. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium On Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, Dynamic Rock Mass Response to Mining. South African Institute Of Mining and Metallurgy. pp. 197-204 [ Links ]
Player, J.R., Villaescusa, E., and Thompson, A.G. 2004. Dynamic testing of rock reinforcement using the momentum transfer concept. Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction. Villaescusa, E. and Potvin, Y. (eds). Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 3597-3622. [ Links ]
Player, J.R., Thompson, A.G., and Villaescusa, E. 2008a. Dynamic testing of reinforcement systems. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Civil Engineering Construction, Cape Town. Stacey, T.R. and Malan, D.F. (eds.). The Southern African Institute of Miningand Metallurgy. Symposium Series S51. pp. 581-595. [ Links ]
Player, J.R., Morton, E.C., Thompson, A.G., and Villaescusa, E. 2008b. Static and dynamic testing of steel wire mesh for mining applications of rock surface support. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Civil Engineering Construction, Cape Town. Stacey, T.R. and Malan, D.F. (eds.). The Southern African Institute of Miningand Metallurgy. Symposium Series S51. pp. 693-706. [ Links ]
Plouffe, M., Anderson, T., and Judge, Κ. 2008. Rock bolts testing under dynamic conditions at CANMET-MMSL. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Civil Engineering Construction, Cape Town. Stacey, T.R. and Malan, D.F (eds.). The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Symposium Series S51, pp. 581-595. [ Links ]
Potvin, Y. and Heal, D. 2010. Dynamic testing of high energy absorption (HEA) mesh. Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, Santiago. Van Sint, Jan and Potvin, Y. (eds.). Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth. pp. 283-300. [ Links ]
Potvin, Y., Wesseloo, J., and Heal, D. 2010. An interpretation of ground support capacity submitted to dynamic loading. Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, Santiago, Chile. Van Sint, Jan and Potvin, Y. (eds). Australian Centrefor Geomechanics, Perth. pp. 251-272. [ Links ]
Reddy, N. and Spottiswoode, S.M. 2001. The influence of geology on a simulated rockburst experiment. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 101, no. 5. pp. 267-272. [ Links ]
Rwodzi, L. 2010. Rockfall risk: quantification of the consequences of rockfalls. MSc thesis, University of the Witwatersrand. [ Links ]
Stacey, T.R. 2011. Support of excavations subjected to dynamic (rockburst) loading. Keynote Paper, Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of the International Society For Rock Mechanics, Beijing. CRC Press/Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 137-145. [ Links ]
Stacey, T.R. and Ortlepp, W.D. 1999. Retainment support for dynamic events in mines. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Support and Reinforcement Practice in Mining, Kalgoorlie, Australia, March 1999. Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 329-333. [ Links ]
Stacey, T.R. and Ortlepp, W.D. 2001. Tunnel surface support - capacities of various types of wire mesh and shotcrete under dynamic loading. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 101, no. 7. pp. 337-342. [ Links ]
Stacey, T.R. and Ortlepp, W.D. 2002a. The contribution of wire rope lacing in surface support. Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Surface Support Liners: Thin Sprayed Liners, Shotcrete, Mesh. The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg. pp. 1-8. [ Links ]
Stacey, T.R. and Ortlepp, W.D. 2002b. Yielding rock support - the capacities of different types of support, and matching of support type to seismic demand. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, Perth, Australia, November 2002. Section 38, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth. 10 pp. [ Links ]
Tannant, D.D., McDowell, G.M., Brummer, R.K., and Kaiser, P.K. 1993. Ejection velocities measured during a rockburst simulation experiment. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, Kingston. Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 129-133. [ Links ]
Van Sint, Jan, M. and Palape, M. 2007. Behaviour of steel plates during rockbursts. Deep Mining 07. Potvin, Y. (ed.). Australian Centrefor Geomechanics, Perth. pp. 405-412. [ Links ]
Wagner, H. 1982. Support requirements for rockburst conditions. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Rockbursts and Sesimicity in Mines. Gay, N.C. and Wainwright, E.H. (eds), The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Symposium Series No. 6, 1984. pp. 209-218. [ Links ]
Yi, X. and Kaiser, P.K. 1994. Impact testing for rockbolt design in rockburst conditions. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science and Geomechanical Abstracts, vol. 31, no. 6. pp. 67-68. [ Links ]
© The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2012. ISSN2225-6253. This paper was first presented at the, Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium (SHIRMS) 2012, 15-17 May 2012, Sun City, South Africa.

subset: commoncrawl


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Spooky Spirit
The bewitched minds at Tanzy in Boca Raton have concocted a delightfully haunting brew that has a dash of liquid nitrogen for an eerie smoky effect. The 189 Degrees C cocktail is perfect for Halloween; there is an alcohol-free version, as well. (561-922-6699, tanzyrestaurant.com)
-189? Celsius
- 2½ oz. Champagne Moët & Chandon Imperial
- 1½ oz. Japanese Orange-Key-Lime-Tangerine Sour
- 1½ oz. Rare Tea Cellars Pharaoh's Ancient Lemon Infused Belvedere Vodka
- ½ oz. Grand Marnier Cuvee Centenaire
- ½ oz. Agave Nectar
- A La Minute Ginger-Citrus Sorbet
Freeze by whisking in Liquid Nitrogen. Garnish with sliced citrus that has been soaked in ginger syrup, then 'deep fried' in Liquid Nitrogen.
Recipe and image courtesy of Tanzy.


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White House admits it won't close Guantanamo Bay prison
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Weather forecast from WLKY.com.
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White House admits it won't close Guantanamo Bay prison
On Tuesday, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest admitted that Guantanamo Bay prison, designated in 2002 as a detention center for suspected terrorists, will not close during President Obama's tenure. Closing the prison was one of the first promises Obama had made as president in 2009.
2:13Now watching Up next
Sanders Worried Over Trump Health Secretary Pick
Sen. Bernie Sanders says health care is a "human right" that should not be "a privilege for the wealthy." Sanders was speaking about Donald Trump's pick for health secretary, Tom Price, whose confirmation hearing is scheduled for Wednesday. (Jan. 17)
1:42Now watching Up next
Obama has commuted Chelsea Manning's prison sentence
President Obama has commuted the 35-year sentence of former Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning for leaking classified information in 2010 to WikiLeaks.
41:38Now watching Up next
President-elect Trump sued for defamation
On Tuesday, January 17, 2017, Attorney Gloria Allred holds a press conference to unveil a new defamation lawsuit being brought against President-elect Donald Trump.
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VP-Elect Pence: Still 'Getting Used' to New Role
Vice President-elect Mike Pence says he's still getting used to his new job with the incoming Trump administration, but called it the 'greatest honor of his life.' (Jan. 17)
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Montana Congressman Ryan Zinke, Donald Trump's choice to be interior secretary, says he is an "unapologetic admirer of Teddy Roosevelt" and believes Roosevelt was right to place millions of acres of land in the West under federal protection. (Jan. 17)
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Washington is getting ready for Friday's big celebration and inauguration of Donald J. Trump. His supporters are arriving in Washington with expectations of change and optimism for the future. (Jan. 17)
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Several thousand people are without power in western Kansas after an ice storm coated the region during the weekend. Many local schools are closed and emergency crews are encouraging residents without power to get shelter. (Jan. 17)
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A look back at inaugural balls past
President-elect Donald Trump will reportedly attend three inaugural balls on Jan. 20. The traditional inauguration day event has been filled with celebrity serenades, dancing and first lady fashion. We take a look at how the inaugural ball tradition came about and how it has changed over the years.


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I live in Dayton Ohio and I get Sports Time Ohio on AT&T U-verse. My question is, why are all the Indians games blacked out? I understand the blackouts in the local market, but I assume Im not in the local market, am I? I can get the games with MLB.tv and they are NOT blacked out there. So is it STO or AT&T that is blacking them? Anyone know? Id rather not pay the $120 for MLB.tv.
Thanks for any help


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Before the new season begins, EVERY coach, parent and player will need to sign the Code of Conduct forms, as required by the City of Glendale and AYSO National. Parents must also sign the Kidz Zone form.
As AYSO prides itself on the positive behavior of all it's participants, we are requiring that all involved sign these forms.
Please print out the appropriate form below, read very carefully, sign, and return to your Coach or Team Coordinator before the season begins.
Mandatory Code of Conduct Pledges
- For Coaches (pdf format)
- For Parents (pdf format)
Both parents or guardians are required to sign.
(Also for any adults who will be attending the games often)
- For Players over 13 (pdf format)
- For Players under 13 (pdf format)
Mandatory Kids Zone Pledge (for Parents)
- For details, see Kids Zone Page.
- Download Pledge (pdf format)
- Juramento de los Padres en Kids Zone (pdf format)


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Candyman: Hebden Sets CT Mark in Detroit Win
from press release
DETROIT -- Senior Jamie Hebden broke the school record with seven caused turnovers and eight different Titans found the back of the net as Detroit outgunned VMI, 11-6, on Saturday at Titan Field.
Hebden broke the school record of current teammate Jordan Houtby – who has had six on five different occasions – as he led a defensive charge that caused 20 turnovers and forced VMI into 29 miscues on the day. The 20 caused turnovers is tied for the second most in school history.
Juniors Alex Maini and Tom Masterson each had a pair of goals and assists, while sophomore Scott Drummond tallied two goals and had a helper. Freshman Andy Hebdenrecorded two assists and a goal and sophomore Brandon Beauregard posted a marker and a helper.
VMI (0-8, 0-2 MAAC) actually got on the board first nearly 10 minutes into the game, but Detroit (1-6, 1-1 MAAC) tied that up as sophomore Mike Birney posted his ninth goal of the season off a great pass from Maini with the man-up.
That was the first of seven-straight scores for the Titans as they took a 6-1 lead at the break and a 7-1 advantage early in the third quarter. After Birney tied it up, UDM took full use of a two minute, non-releasable penalty on VMI as Masterson first found Maini for a goal and then fed junior Nick Garippa, who beat the Keydets' goalie for his first collegiate marker.
The Titans continued to pour it on as Masterson scored two of the next three goals with Drummond adding the one inbetween for a 6-1 lead at the half. With another VMI penalty just before the final whistle of the second period, the Titans had possession to start the third and Drummond's second tally made it 7-1 at the 14:38 mark.
The Keydets did fight back with three straight to trim the UDM lead to three, 7-4, heading into the fourth, but then the red, white and blue put the game away with a 3-0 run. Maini started that surge with another goal as the younger Hebden had his second assist and that was followed by freshman Nick Melucci's lone score of the game to make it 9-4 with 13:18 left.
Hebden then tallied a goal for his third point of the game and after VMI notched back-to-back scores, Beauregard ended the winning afternoon with a goal to cap the five-point victory.
Detroit outshot VMI, 49-24, and was 15-of-19 on clears and a perfect 4-for-4 on the man-up.
Senior A.J. Levell made 10 saves in net and had a pair of caused turnovers and five ground balls. The elder Hebden added to his career day with six GB's, while Houtby tallied three caused turnovers and five ground balls.
Freshman Damien Hicks had a fantastic day on faceoffs with a career-best 11-of-15 effort picking up five ground balls, and senior Brandon Davenport added to the Titans' GB mark with four.
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Michelle L. Haller
FREWSBURG – Michelle L. Haller, 41, of 121 Ivory St., died, Wednesday, (March 6, 2013), at Buffalo General Hospital.
She was born July 5, 1971, in Oswego, N.Y., the daughter of Robert and Patricia Scanlon Eckard.
Michelle was a graduate of Oswego State College, and was employed as a bookkeeper at Stillwater Feeds.
She was a member of Our Lady of Victory Catholic Church, Frewsburg, and Carroll Rod and Gun.
Michelle loved spending time with her sons, enjoyed camping and swimming, and had a fondness for animals.
Besides her mother of Frewsburg, she is survived by her husband, Richard Haller; three sons: Kyle, Cody and Zachary Haller, all of Frewsburg; and a brother, Robert T. (Terri) Eckard of St. Louis, Mo.
She was predeceased by her father.
A Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated at 1 p.m. Monday in Our Lady of Victory Catholic Church, Frewsburg, by the Rev. Darrell Duffy, pastor of St. James, Our Lady of Victory/Oratory.
Burial will be in Maple Grove Cemetery, Frewsburg.
The family will receive friends from noon to 2 p.m. and 3-5 p.m. Sunday in the Peterson Funeral Home, Frewsburg.
Memorial donations may be made to the Chautauqua County Humane Society, 2825 Strunk Road, Jamestown, NY 14701.


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Main Content
You know there are two things you love most in the world—your little bundle of joy and the Mississippi State Bulldogs. Keep the loves of your life separated no longer and suit your bambino up in these adorable team-colored creepers featuring an embroidered Bulldogs wordmark and team logo. The super soft rib-knit creepers are sure to keep your little darling comfy while scooting around the house on game day. Until your sweetie grows up to be a MSU student, it's your responsibility to make sure that Bulldogs team spirit stays strong in your household!
- 100% Cotton
- Lap shoulder neckline
- Lightweight rib-knit creepers
- Officially licensed collegiate product
- Quality embroidery
- Three snaps at bottom
- Imported
- Imported
- Brand: Two Feet Ahead
Bulldogs Customers also liked:
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Artist Collection: (99 of 210)< Previous | Next >
Tags: bird, seagull, birds, gulls, white, wildlife, nature, park, ottawa, ontario, wingspan, wings, fly, clouds, cloudscape, sunris
- + MOUSE OVER image to zoom in
- + CLICK to enlarge
persistenceby heather king
- Medium
- Photography
- Artist Notes
- This image is © Heather King. You may not use this or any of my images (in whole or in part). All Rights Reserved. Copying, altering, displaying or redistribution of any of these images without written permission from the artist is strictly prohibited. taken with Canon Rebel EOS XS thankful beyond belief for the seagulls in Ottawa as they love us, they fly so close and inspire worlds of wonder
- Contact Artist Send Artist an Email
More about heather king
- Location
- ontario, canada
- Artist Biography
- http://www.indiegogo.com/treatment-for-lyme-disease?show_todos=true I am a self taught artist/photographer who uses my inspirational vision of the world to transform the awkwardness, pain and insanity of life into something uniquely original and peculiarly beautiful. I fled my birth city (Winds ...


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-T / T / +T | Comment(s)
Friday, September 6, 2013
Wyle Wins Army UAS Systems Support Award
Aerospace technology provider Wyle has won a three-year $18.5 million contract to provide support for the U.S. Army's fleet of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), the company said Friday.
Under the contract, Wyle will provide engineering and testing programs to identify deployable improvements on the Gray Eagle and an assortment of fixed wing aircraft including Beechcraft, Cessna and Gulfstream planes. According to Wyle, the fielded UAS and the equipment to support them are "aging faster than originally expected because of high use in the Afghanistan and Iraq war zones."
Related: Unmanned Systems


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For those making base station equipment and the semiconductors used in them, the next few years may be difficult ones, reports In-Stat market research firm. Consumers are cutting their spending in general and operators are unlikely to kick off further upgrades of their networks. As a result, the market of base station hardware will decline.
"Many operators have spent heavily on 3G upgrades and they are now waiting for service revenues from these networks before they invest more. In addition, the number of subscribers in many areas is reaching saturation, with former double-digit subscriber growth now running in the mid-to-low single-digits," explained Allen Nogee, an In-Stat analyst.
Base station semiconductor revenue will drop from $7.2 billion in 2007 to $4.6 billion in 2008. The slowing worldwide economy is having wide-ranging negative effects all regions, with the possible exception of Africa.
"The global recession will also have an impact. Although most people aren't likely to part with their cell phones, they may replace them less often, and reduce services they don't find value in or can't afford," added Mr. Nogee.
Of the main technology types, WCDMA is the only technology expected to yield semiconductor revenue growth between 2008 and 2012.


text: Joanna, if you can wait until next week (and no one else responds before then), I should be able to help you out. I have a stock shock from a 2001 around here somewhere. Erik On 6/11/09, Joanna Moss <jo at fapg.net> wrote: > Hi, I have been lurking recently as I haven't ridden in the last year and a > half. Time to sell the bike. I would like to put a stock shock back on i. > Does anyone have a stock shock for a 2000 SV650 that they would be willing > to sell me? I would pay for shipping to Lynnwood, WA. TIA. > > - Joanna >


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Police spoke with woman night before kids were found on I-90
POST FALLS, Idaho - Police in Post Falls had contact with a Spokane Valley woman and her two young children the night before the boys were found abandoned near a construction site along Interstate 90.
Police Chief Scot Haug told the Coeur d'Alene Press someone called police at about 8 p.m. to report Shannon Duval had been in the Walmart bathroom for 30 minutes with her children and a gas can.
Haug said she told officers she ran out of gas and was expecting someone to pick them up. He said she was acting "a little bizarre, but it was nothing out of the ordinary."
Kootenai County Sheriff's Lt. Stu Miller said Duval told investigators she doesn't remember anything after leaving Walmart.
Duval is charged with two counts of felony injury to a child.


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Debates of Dec. 15th, 2010
House of Commons Hansard #118 of the 40th Parliament, 3rd Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was fraud.
- Question Period
- Pensions
- Armenian Canadian Community
- Germain Beauregard
- The Economy
- Justice
- Census
- Forestry Industry
- Immigration
- Renewable Fuels
- David Dibbon
- Government Legislation
- Status of Women
- Justice
- Electrolux Plant Closure
- Christmas Greetings
- Christmas
- New Members
- New Members Introduced
- Health
- National Defence
- Waterfront Protection
- Marine Infrastructure
- Employment
- Financial Institutions
- International Cooperation
- Finance
- Public Safety
- Oil Sands
- Housing
- Public Safety
- Ethics
- Contaminated Water in Shannon
- Port of Quebec City
- Census
- Employment Insurance
- Canada Post Corporation
- Pensions
- Foreign Affairs
- Employment
- Aboriginal Affairs
- Canadian Forces
- Royal Assent
- Criminal Code
- Department of Public Works and Government Services Act
- Points of Order
- Message from the Senate
- Government Response to Petitions
- Interparliamentary Delegations
- Committees of the House
- Criminal Code
- Public Health Agency of Canada Act
- Protection of Beneficiaries of Long Term Disability Benefits Plans Act
- Haida Gwaii Income Tax Zoning Act
- Criminal Code
- Federal Law-Civil Law Harmonization Act, No. 3
- Committees of the House
- Petitions
- Committees of the House
- Questions on the Order Paper
- Questions Passed as Orders for Returns
- Motions for Papers
- Privilege
- Standing up for Victims of White Collar Crime Act
- Business of the House
- Standing up for Victims of White Collar Crime Act
- World Autism Awareness Day Act
Christmas Greetings
Statements By Members
2:15 p.m.
Shawn Murphy Charlottetown, PE
Mr. Speaker, to all my colleagues in the House of Commons, the people living in the riding of Charlottetown and Canadians from coast to coast to coast, I would like to extend my best wishes to each and every one for a very special season.
Christmas is a few days away and this joyous season helps us all to rekindle happy memories with family and friends. We should remember to take time to enjoy those very special people in our lives during this busy and sometimes hectic time of year.
At times like this we should always take time to pause and reflect on the true meaning and significance of Christmas. I am very much looking forward to spending my holiday with family and friends in Charlottetown. Returning to Charlottetown helps me rediscover how truly fortunate I am to serve the residents of Charlottetown and work with and for them on a daily basis.
My message for all Canadians is that their Christmas season and new year be filled with peace, health, happiness, serenity and joy.
Statements By Members
2:20 p.m.
Nina Grewal Fleetwood—Port Kells, BC
Mr. Speaker, Christmas is fast approaching and tales of political correctness fill the air as many seek to remove all that is Christian from Christmas.
Nativity scenes are banned, holiday trees replace Christmas trees and references to God, Christ and the Lord are cast aside, leaving us with just another meaningless, consumer-oriented holiday. The spirit of Christmas should not be taken out of Christmas. Non-Christian, new Canadians or immigrants are not offended and do not want to be protected.
Every year thousands of all faith gather to celebrate the Chinese New Year, Vaisakhi, Diwali and more. We accept and respect each other's beliefs and traditions. Therefore, let us not strip Christians of their identity and faith and let us not abandon the traditions of religion.
I wish my Christian friends a happy Vaisakhi and they wish me a merry Christmas and we all celebrate together. Let us celebrate Christmas as it is and as it should be.
New Members
Routine Proceedings
2:20 p.m.
The Speaker Peter Milliken
I have the honour to inform the House that the Clerk of the House has received from the Chief Electoral Officer a certificate of the election and return of Mr. Robert Sopuck, member for the electoral district of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette.
I have the honour to inform the House that the Clerk of the House has received from the Chief Electoral Officer a certificate of the election and return of Mr. Julian Fantino, member for the electoral district of Vaughan.
Robert Sopuck, member for the electoral district of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette, introduced by the right hon. Stephen Harper and the hon. Vic Toews.
Julian Fantino, member for the electoral district of Vaughan, introduced by the right hon. Stephen Harper and the hon. Jim Flaherty.
Oral Questions
2:25 p.m.
Michael Ignatieff Leader of the Opposition
Mr. Speaker, Canadians wait for hours in hospital emergency rooms and patients languish in the hallways. The Canadian health system needs help, but the government has ignored the issue for four or five years.
The Prime Minister has said that he would like to scrap the Canada Health Act. He has rejected all our suggestions for helping families to care for their loved ones at home.
How can he expect Canadians to trust his government to protect our public health care system?
Oral Questions
2:25 p.m.
Calgary Southwest
Stephen Harper Prime Minister
Mr. Speaker, this government works with the provinces to maintain and improve our health system. The former Liberal government reduced provincial health care transfers by 25%. Those are the facts. As for this government, it has increased provincial health transfers to record levels because we believe in the Canadian public health system.
Oral Questions
2:25 p.m.
Michael Ignatieff Leader of the Opposition
Mr. Speaker, everything the government is spending had already been approved in 2004 by the Liberal government.
The federal-provincial accords run out in 2014. The government has no record on public health. There has been no federal leadership on this issue for five years.
The Prime Minister is heard to muse about how he would like to get rid of the Canada Health Act and he says that any plan to bring help to families to look after their loved ones at home is reckless.
How can Canadians trust the government to defend public health?
Oral Questions
2:25 p.m.
Calgary Southwest
Stephen Harper Prime Minister
Mr. Speaker, when that party was entrusted with the health care of Canada it dramatically slashed transfers for the health care system, which did enormous damage.
It is this government that increased those transfers and has worked with the provinces to make sure that our health system is fully funded.
Since the Leader of the Opposition made this personal, let me be clear. I and my family depend on and have always used the public health care system of Canada. I wonder if the Leader of the Opposition can say the same thing.
Oral Questions
2:25 p.m.
Michael Ignatieff Leader of the Opposition
I can make that commitment, Mr. Speaker.
Let me correct some facts. The government has not put a dime of new money into public health care, not a red cent of new money. Every cent that the government has committed to public health care since 2006 was booked in 2004 by the Liberal government.
The government likes spending money on prisons, planes, photo ops, and waste on the G8 and G20 summits but not a red cent of new money--
Oral Questions
2:25 p.m.
The Speaker Peter Milliken
Order. The right. hon. Prime Minister.
Oral Questions
2:25 p.m.
Calgary Southwest
Stephen Harper Prime Minister
Mr. Speaker, I do not have to make a commitment to use the Canadian public health care system. That is what I have always used.
Funds were booked for public health care back in the 1990s and the Liberal government slashed those out of the budget. The fact of the matter is, this is the government that funded public health care, increased the transfers 30%, and we are the ones who are going to protect and defend the system against these health care cutters.
Oral Questions
2:25 p.m.
Some hon. members
Hear, hear!
Oral Questions
2:30 p.m.
The Speaker Peter Milliken
Order, order. I know it is Wednesday, but hon. members could calm down so we can hear the questions and responses.
The hon. member for Beauséjour.
National Defence
Oral Questions
2:30 p.m.
Dominic LeBlanc Beauséjour, NB
Mr. Speaker, the Minister of National Defence is scared to tell the truth. He says that the purchase of the F-35s has been in the works for a long time, but his own colleagues are saying the complete opposite. He says that only the F-35 meets our needs, but we now know that is not true. He said that there would be a Canadian competition, but there was not. He said that there had been an internal review, but they did not even have the information they needed to conduct one. He claims that there is a set price, but, once again, his senior officials are saying the opposite.
When will the minister tell the truth to Canadians?
National Defence
Oral Questions
2:30 p.m.
Central Nova
Nova Scotia
Peter MacKay Minister of National Defence
Mr. Speaker, I thank the member for Beauséjour and welcome him back from his celebrity tour.
Here is the truth. The truth is that the cancellation of the F-35 purchase could cost this country up to $1 billion. The truth is the member opposite is a member of a party that knows well about the cancellation of contracts. The cancellation of the EH-101 helicopter contract cost the country $1 billion. As a result, the Canadian Forces are still flying up to 45-year-old helicopters. That is older than he or I.


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This is in next weeks issue of Entertainment Weekly. The author must not know much about Macca and probably has never taken the opportunity to see him live. His loss.
From the Nov 29, 2002 Issue:
The cute coot still works hard: This double-disc memento finds McCartney-plus-four-piece putting as much vigor into drivel like "C Moon" as the sounds-great-in-a-stadium "Jet". A rockabilly "I Saw Her Standing There"? To paraphrase: WOOOOOOOOOO! But the acoustic interlude is excruciating ("Carry That Weight" as a torch ballad). And trying to reproduce a studio-bound "Eleanor Rigby" is, like much recent Macca music, misguided. B- by Ken Tucker.
Uninformed is being polite to this scribe. I respectfully disagree: EW email is: email@example.com.


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This is a wiki page. Be bold and improve it by adding any relevant information you may have.
If you have questions or experience technical problems, you may contact us.
Join the discussion about the Knowledge Democrats congressional districts.
List of issues that affect the district.
* Wikipedia article: California's 42nd congressional district.
* Govtrack.us page for CA-42.


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As reported in the Hampton Roads Business Journal, the Sacramento Kings are expected to meet next week with Comcast-Spectacor to discuss the relocation of the team to Virginia Beach. The cable giant would help build and guarantee a 25-year lease on a new stadium in exchange for naming and broadcast rights.
Comcast-Spectacor owns the Philadelphia Flyers hockey team and the multipurpose Wells Fargo Center, home to the Flyers and the Philadelphia 76ers basketball team. The firm also owns: Global Spectrum, which manages and operates public assembly venues; Ovations Food Services, which provides food at arenas and stadiums; and New Era Tickets, which provides in-house ticketing systems for arenas and stadiums.


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The Breakers Palm Beach is one-of-a-kind oceanfront resort that is one of America's premier destinations for magnificent weddings and celebrations. As a self-contained oceanfront destination resort, the bride, groom and guests never have to leave property. Every need or want is just a stroll away.
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The Breakers offers world-class cuisine, cutting-edge décor design, a half-mile private beach, five pools, four whirlpool spas, private bungalows available for daytime rental, nine restaurants and five bars, 36 holes of championship golf, tennis, a rejuvenating spa, 11 shopping boutiques, watersports, and more.
At The Breakers, your vision is our vow.
For information, please call 1-888-BREAKERS (273-2537), 561-659-8415 or contact us.
This blog is updated daily Tuesday through Friday.
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Dear TeaChatters,
Sadly, my father has just passed away, though I prefer to celebrate his long and good life more so that mourn his death. We have all had time to prepare for his passing, so I am doing OK.
I am sure tea will continue to be a part of the day as will checking on the forum, seeing what is up. Though I suspect I will be posting a little less over the next several days, and I might not be "normal," though when am I?
So, please continue on ... enjoy your tea, share about your tea experiences here on TeaChat. This will bring some joy in a difficult time.
Your thoughts and prayers are greatly appreciated.
Your Moderator


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UW-Rock County introduces new online degree
Dean: Program focuses on skills employers need
JANESVILLE, Wis. - Starting this fall, University of Wisconsin- Rock County students will be able to earn a four-year degree without going far from home.
That's great news for students like Rhiannon Gomez.
Gomez is a work study student at UW-Rock County who is advancing closer to earning a four- year degree.
She is one of several students interested in the college's new Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences degree program.
"It would be really convenient, especially for returning adult students like myself, students with families," said Gomez. "It would be really nice, it would give them the option of getting a four-year degree without having to go somewhere else."
Dean Carmen Wilson says the Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences degree is designed for adults looking to complete a degree to further their career.
She's anticipating about 25 UW-Rock County students will enroll in the program during its first year.
"It's currently being offered on six of the thirteen college campuses, eventually it will be offered on all of the campuses," said Wilson. "So it will be a statewide opportunity that will increase the degree holders in the state of Wisconsin."
Dean Wilson said the degree focuses on skills employers are looking for including critical thinking, creative writing, and understanding how to work with diverse groups of people.
She said those skills can be applied towards any professional career.
"There's a professional experience component where students will do service learning projects, complete internships, and really learn those soft skills of what it takes to be a professional," said Wilson.
After a hiatus of more than a decade, Gomez is excited to be back in school.
The Beloit native is optimistic that a college degree will help her land her dream job.
"I'm going to be studying some sociology and psychology and philosophy and working with the human animal interaction, so I'm hoping to do something like that with a non-profit," said Gomez. "I'd like to get into something working with animals."
The 60-credit degree is offered through a partnership with UW-Platteville.
Students can begin enrolling now and the program will start in the fall of 2013.
Latest Education Headlines
- UW-Madison athletics employee fired
- State superintendent candidate defends dental work
- Superintendent candidate Humphries proposes new report card
- Beloit high school students head to DC to watch inauguration in person
- Assembly speaker says he'd rather up aid than cut tuition
- State sues former UW-Oshkosh chancellor, business officer


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The number of aviation hours will grow an average of 2.5 percent a year through 2030.long-haul flight nearly "instantly uses that up," said Christian Jardine, a senior researcher at the Environmental Change Institute at Oxford University.
When do we really need to fly on an airplane, and can or should we change that?has come under fire as a feel-good illusion and, anyway, cannot be scaled up to cover the amount of flying going on. Although the airline industry is working hard to improve efficiency with more direct routes and less idling time on the runway, it acknowledges such activities yield limited, one-time gains. There is no quick technological fix, like fully renewable airline fuel, on the horizon.
'I'm sure people like you and me will be flying a lot less in 5 to 10 years,' says one expert.definitely sure that people like you and me will be flying a lot less in 5 to 10 years." Last month the European Environment Agency started a series of workshops with representatives from all over Europe assembled in Copenhagen to think about how Europe might function in the future without air travel — or with much less of it. (Participants, ironically, flew in.) But how to reduce or eliminate an activity that has become as reflexive as hopping in the car?
If airline fuel or emissions are ever taxed, ticket prices will rise and travel will decline.interest in a company that sets up conferences). Video conference? I know. Videophones have been on display for decades at Disney's EPCOT Center but, in real life, the concept has never quite gelled; it long had the feel of those telephone chats with astronauts floating in the Space Station. But with Broadband it can really be different, with images and sound so clear that it appears that the people you face on a large screen are actually in the room.
MORE FROM YALE e360
What Makes Europe
Greener than the U.S.?


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|Date Posted
|Aug 16, 2012
|Does my dog have arthritis?
|Aug 15, 2012
|Educating children about proper pet care
|Aug 14, 2012
|Litter box tips for cat owners
|Aug 14, 2012
|Can my dog be allergic to certain foods?
|Aug 13, 2012
|Foods that are dangerous for your dog
|Aug 10, 2012
|Why did my dog's vaccination fail?
|Aug 09, 2012
|What is cat scratch disease?
|Aug 09, 2012
|Are you bringing your dog on vacation?
|Aug 07, 2012
|New test helps diagnose heart disease in cats
|Aug 06, 2012
|Living with a cat and a dog
|Aug 06, 2012
|U.S. museum to hold cat video festival
|Aug 03, 2012
|Which breed of dog is right for me?
|Aug 03, 2012
|Choosing a veterinarian for your cat
|Aug 03, 2012
|How can I help ease my dog's anxiety when there's a thunderstorm?
|Jul 31, 2012
|Why is my dog scooting his rear end on the floor?
|Jul 31, 2012
|Stay aware of dental disease in dogs
|Jul 30, 2012
|Bloating poses risk to larger dogs
|Jul 27, 2012
|What is aspergillosis in cats?
|Jul 27, 2012
|Survey: Pet owners skipping dog, cat vaccinations
|Jul 26, 2012
|Does my dog have diabetes?
|Jul 26, 2012
|Report: Pet health is declining nationwide
|Jul 25, 2012
|Experiment proves dog and man connect at heart level
|Jul 24, 2012
|Dealing with separation anxiety
|Jul 24, 2012
|Why is my dog itching and scratching this summer?
|Jul 23, 2012
|Adopting a pit bull? Here's what you should know


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Log in
NPR ran an interesting segment yesterday about libraries and e-lending—a good reminder that (to borrow a phrase from another NPR story) "change is the only constant in today's publishing industry." According to a recent study by the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, 75% of Americans read a book (in any platform) during the past year, and of those, 30% read an e-book. Sales of e-books for the same period grew modestly, up 34% over 2011, and e-book prices have somewhat stabilized at or near the $10 mark. With the growing popularity of e-readers and tablet pcs, however, the demand for e-content is forcing publishers to reexamine traditional sales and lending models.
Ok, you might say, that's fine, but what about those of us who find the cost of purchasing our own content prohibitive (or restrictive at very least)? And once I buy an e-book, do I really "own" it anyway? Can I pass it along to my parents or my kids or a friend to read? Will there ever be such a thing as a digital "used" bookstore? (Probably not.)
Public libraries (including KPL) continue to expand e-book services, although selection remains frustratingly limited. According to the Pew study, only about 5% of library users borrowed an e-book in the past year, and only 31% were even aware that they could. Why is that? Don't libraries know that users want more e-content? Of course they do, but the fact remains that many of the major publishers simply don't want to play nice with libraries. They tend to view library lending as a threat to sales rather than the enormous promotional opportunity that it is. Brian Kenney, director of the White Plains Public Library in New York, says "public libraries, I mean, we're out there really pushing the product of these publishers, and I can't imagine another industry in this country that has that type of a relationship." And as for those publishers that do make library content available, prohibitive pricing models and the resulting tangle of software designed to protect publishers' digital rights only serves to compound the issue. So what do we do?
The answer is like Michigan weather… stick around, it's bound to change. Currently, KPL licenses and distributes its e-content through a consortium of Michigan libraries in order to offer the broadest possible selection in a cost-effective manner. And we're constantly researching new and different models for e-books, digital audiobooks, music, and other e-content. To help alleviate the waiting time, KPL purchases additional copies of many popular titles (called Advantage titles), which are available through the consortium but only to KPL resident borrowers. For first-time users, we've posted newly revised instructions to help make the library e-book experience as smooth as possible. And for hands-on help, the library is hosting a series of e-book information sessions where users can get help with technical questions and learn about new developments in KPL digital collections.
So go ahead, explore KPL's digital collections and rest assured that as new developments come about, your library will be right there with you.
Posted by Keith Howard at 12/28/2012 01:37:32 PM
Books for: Kids, Teens & Tweens


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- Description
In a very short time Kevin Durant has made the Oklahoma City Thunder a superpower and the NBA and given them hope of multiple NBA titles. This legendary star has signed this new alternate Thunder jersey exclusively for Panini Authentic.
This autographed Kevin Durant jersey includes a Panini Authentic certificate of authenticity with a unique hologram number that corresponds to the hologram on the actual collectible. These holograms protect the integrity of the product and serve to guarantee the authenticity of the signature it bears.


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Hello, I am planning a trip into Chinatown, New York City to go to a few tea stores looking for Puerh and Tea Wares. Does anyone have any suggestions for good stores that sell Puerh or have a particularly good selection of Tea Wares? In particular I would like to find a good Yixing clay pot that I can actually see before I buy.
I have read online that Sun's Organic Tea Shop and Ten Ren Tea are good.


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U.S. Women Fall to Russia at WGP
Bill Kauffman
Manager, Media Relations and Publications
Phone: 719-228-6800
E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (Aug. 14, 2009) – The U.S. Women's National Team lost to Russia 25-21, 26-24, 19-25, 25-17 Friday afternoon in Bangkok, Thailand, during the final preliminary round weekend of the FIVB World Grand Prix and Pool I group.
Team USA's chances to reach the FIVB World Grand Prix Final Round closed tighter following the loss. Russia improved to 4-3 record, while USA dropped to 2-5. Currently, seven teams have at least one more victory over the USA with only two matches left in the preliminary rounds. Only the top five teams in the 12-country World Grand Prix preliminary round field plus Japan advance to the FIVB World Grand Prix Final Round to be held next week at Tokyo.
USA continues Pool I play of the FIVB World Grand Prix on Saturday versus NORCECA rival Puerto Rico (1-6) at 5:30 p.m. local time (3:30 a.m. Pacific Time). The Americans finish Pool I against host Thailand (3-4) on Sunday at 3 p.m. local time (1 a.m. Pacific Time). Most matches are critical wins to reach the Final Round, as well as receiving help from other teams.
Russia, which trailed in the opening set 5-2 and 13-10, used a 6-1 scoring run late to take a 24-20 advantage en route to a 25-21 victory. USA came back from a 21-18 deficit in the second set to take a 22-21 advantage, but Russia held on for the 26-24 lead after saving one set point. During the second set, Russia compiled 10 blocks to thwart the USA offense. Team USA built an early 8-2 lead in the third set and kept Russia at bay in a 25-19 victory. The Americans rebounded from an 11-4 deficit in the fourth set to close to within two at 12-10, but Russia answered with five unanswered points to assume a 17-10 margin in taking the last set 25-17.
"I don't think it's a surprise," U.S. Women's National Team Head Coach Hugh McCutcheon (Christchurch, New Zealand) said. "My players are young and had a problem on blocking their high spikes. I hope my team will come back with the improved form in the next match."
Nancy Metcalf (Hull, Iowa) led USA in scoring with 19 points, all coming on 19 kills from 51 spike attempts. Foluke Akinradewo (Plantation, Fla.) added 13 kills on 26 swings and five blocks for 18 points. Alexis Crimes (Rancho Cucamonga, Calif.) contributed 10 points with five kills, three blocks and two aces. Jordan Larson (Hooper, Neb.) charted eight points, while Cynthia Barboza (Long Beach, Calif.) came off the bench in the final two sets to add five points. Kristin Richards (Orem, Utah) tacked on three points. Courtney Thompson (Kent, Wash.), Nicole Fawcett (Zanesfield, Ohio), Lauren Paolini (Ann Arbor, Mich.) and Nicole Davis (Stockton, Calif.) all scored one point to round out the scoring.
"It's a disappointment," Metcalf said. "We should do better than this. Russia is very strong and we could not cope with their tactics and form."
Stacy Sykora (Burleson, Texas) tallied a team-high eight digs, while Thompson contributed 36 assists. Larson had a team-leading eight excellent receptions on 40 attempts.
McCutcheon started Akinradewo and Crimes at middle blocker, Richards and Larson at outside hitter, Metcalf at opposite and Thompson at setter. Sykora served as the libero for the match. Barboza started the third and fourth sets in place of Richards. Fawcett and Davis subbed into the match in all four sets. McGinnis came off the bench in the first two sets, while Paolini saw brief action in the fourth set.
Russia out-blocked USA 20-11 in the victory to offset a 3-2 ace advantage for the Americans. USA converted just 53 of 176 attacks into points for 30.11 percent, while Russia converted 36.08 of its attacks into points. Russia also held a 27-21 margin in digs. USA had a 14.77 excellent reception percent while Russia had just a 10.71 percent.
"It's a surprise win," Russia Head Coach Vladimir Kuzyutkin said. "We played well today and I would like to give the USA such a surprise. Actually, I'm not happy with my players' form. They should play better than this."
Russia was led by Ekaterina Gamova's 23 points, while Tatiana Kosheleva chipped in 21 points.
"I'm very glad to win the first match here," Russia captain Marina Sheshenina said. "It was an expected win. I'm happy that everyone in my team played well to make the expectation come true. However, I admit that the USA is very strong."
USA scored on consecutive plays on a Akinradewo kill and Crimes block to take an early 2-1 lead. Another Akinradewo kill and Richards block pushed the American lead to 5-2. Russia blitzed back into a tie at 5-all with three unanswered points. USA held an 8-6 lead at the first technical timeout on a Russia error. Richards and Larson scored kills to push the USA lead to 11-8. Russia battled back to within one at 15-14 before Team USA reached the second technical timeout leading 16-14. Russia scored two points out of the break to tie the set at 16-all. With the USA leading 19-18, Russia scored six of the next seven points to establish several set points at 24-20. Russia ended the set at 25-21. Akinradewo had a team-high five points in the opening set as USA had four blocks in the first set. Tatiana Kosheleva had seven points in the first set for Russia.
USA held a 5-3 lead in the second set as Akinradewo put up two blocks and Crimes added another stuff. The U.S. increased its advantage to 7-3 after another Akinradewo block and Russia error. After holding an 8-4 lead at the first technical timeout, Russia jumped back into the fray with six of the next eight points to tie the set at 10-all. Russia gained the lead at 12-11. Metcalf notched consecutive kills to return USA in front 13-12. Crimes then served consecutive aces to provide the Americans a 15-12 cushion. Russia scored three unanswered points to return the set to a tie at 15-all. After the USA took a 16-15 lead into the second technical timeout, Russia scored five of the next six points to grab a 20-17 advantage. USA cut the deficit to one at 21-20 after a Russia error. Kills by Crimes and Larson reversed the lead to Team USA at 22-21 as part of four unanswered points. Russia saved a set point at 24-23 and gained its own set point opportunity at 25-24 and went on to win 26-24. Crimes and Akinradewo scored six points each in the second set, while Metcalf added five.
USA jumped to an 8-2 lead in the third set as Barboza and Metcalf collected two quick kills and Akinradewo added a block around three Russia errors. Russia sliced the gap down to three at 13-10. Barboza started a 3-0 run with a kill and Akinradewo added a block pushing the American advantage to 17-11. Russia inched to within four at 20-16. Fawcett scored a kill and Thompson served an ace to help the USA reach set point at 24-19 and Metcalf finished with a kill at 25-19.
Russia scored the first two points of the fourth set and reached the first technical timeout with an 8-4 advantage. Russia added to its lead with three points out of the break for an 11-4 cushion. Paolini and Metcalf provided kills and Larson added a block to slice the deficit to four at 11-7. USA moved to within two at 12-10 as Barboza, Larson and Metcalf all knocked down kills. However, Russia rolled off five unanswered points to take a 17-10 advantage. Russia increased its lead to nine points at 21-12. USA cut the gap down to 22-16, but Russia rebounded to reach match point at 24-17 and went on to win 25-17.
The U.S. Women's Grand Prix media guide is available on the USA Volleyball Web site by clicking here.
Additional information on the FIVB World Grand Prix can be found on the FIVB Web site by clicking here.
U.S. Women's National Team Roster for Pool I at Bangkok, Thailand
# - Name (Pos, Ht, Hometown, College)
1 – Nicole Fawcett (OPP/OH, 6-4, Zanesfield, Ohio, Penn State)
2 – Lauren Paolini (MB, 6-4, Ann Arbor, Mich., Texas)
4 – Angela McGinnis (S, 5-11, Fraser, Mich., Florida)
5 – Stacy Sykora (L, 5-10, Burleson, Texas, Texas A&M)
6 – Nicole Davis (L, 5-6, Stockton, Calif., Southern California)
8 - Cynthia Barboza (OH, 6-0, Long Beach, Calif., Stanford)
9 – Alexis Crimes (MB, 6-3, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif., Long Beach State)
10 – Kristin Richards (OH, 6-1, Orem, Utah, Stanford)
11 – Jordan Larson (OH, 6-2, Hooper, Neb., Nebraska)
12 – Nancy Metcalf (OPP, 6-1, Hull, Iowa, Nebraska)
15 – Courtney Thompson (S, 5-7, Kent, Wash., Washington)
18 – Foluke Akinradewo (MB, 6-3, Plantation, Fla., Stanford)
Head Coach: Hugh McCutcheon (Christchurch, New Zealand)
Assistant Coach: Karch Kiraly (San Clemente, Calif.)
Assistant Coach: John Speraw (Irvine, Calif.)
Technical Coordinator/Team Leader: Jamie Morrison (Dana Point, Calif.)
Athletic Trainer: Jill Wosmek
Schedule and Results for U.S. Women's National Team
Pool A - at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Maracanazihno Gym)
July 31: Germany def. USA 25-15, 25-15, 25-16
Aug. 1: USA def. Puerto Rico 21-25, 20-25, 25-23, 25-14, 15-13
Aug. 2: Brazil def. USA 25-18, 25-22, 25-13
Pool D - at Li Miao, Chinese Taipei (Miao Li Country Gymnasium)
Aug. 7: USA def. Dominican Republic 25-18, 25-19, 23-25, 21-25, 23-21
Aug. 8: Netherlands def. USA 25-12, 22-25, 16-25, 25-20, 15-13
Aug. 9: Germany def. USA 25-22, 25-18, 27-25
Pool I - at Bangkok, Thailand (Keelawes Gym) – times are local
Aug. 14: vs. Russia, 5:30 p.m.
Aug. 15: vs. Puerto Rico, 5:30 p.m.
Aug. 16: vs. Thailand, 3 p.m.
FIVB World Grand Prix Preliminary Round Standings
Brazil 7-0
Netherlands 7-0
Germany 5-2
China 5-1 (playing Dominican Republic on Aug. 14)
Russia 4-3
Thailand 3-4
Japan 3-4
Poland 2-5
Puerto Rico 1-6
Korea 1-6
Dominican Republic 1-5 (playing China on Aug. 14)


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By Archives Staff
Title: Ralph M. Caldwell papers, 1934-1943
Primary Creator: Caldwell, Ralph M.
Extent: 1.0 Folders
Arrangement: Chronological.
Subjects: Purdue University--Faculty
Forms of Material: Articles
Languages: English
Repository: Purdue University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections
Access Restrictions: Collection is open for research.
Preferred Citation: MSF 80, Ralph M. Caldwell Papers, Archives and Special Collections, Purdue University Libraries


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Inked Girls: Amanda Jean
Myself in a sentence: i never let anything get in my way and for the first time in my life a hopeless romantic!
Hometown: Pittsburgh, PA
The design and themes of my tattoos: there all different
My favorite tattoo and the story behind it: my third eye from tool, because i had a really close friend do it and he did an AMAZING job, also my rose because its a reminder of a good and bad relationship. it also keeps my on the right path.
My next tattoo: to finish my right arm or get a portrait.


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Your 2014 W-2 is online!
To access it, log on to Inside Loyola. Under WebAdvisor expand WebAdvisor for Faculty/Employees/Students then click on "Employee Profile".
You should see "W-2 Electronic Consent" which you'll need to submit then go back and click on "W-2 Statement" and click on "2014".
** If you get an error message, use the following link www.loyola.edu/webadvisor then click "Log In". Once logged in, click on "Employees" to see the links for the W-2s
W-2 Forms from 2012 and older are accessible where your pay stubs are found.


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Featured Properties
CENTURY 21 Dakota Belle – Spearfish Realty
We live in the legendary Black Hills of South Dakota, an oasis of pine-clad mountains on the Great Plains. The mountains and forests of the Black Hills are 1.2 million acres of year-round recreation, including a treasury of six national parks, 101 miles of National Scenic Byways, the Geographical Center of the Nation, Waterfalls, Watchable Wildlife, Acclaimed Recreational Trails. Trout fishing, Old West landmarks like Deadwood and Wounded Knee.
As residents and Realtors of the Black Hills, we can answer your questions on real estate and the current market in the Northern Black Hills. Just check out our Agent page and contact one of our experienced and knowledgeable real estate agents. We cover the Black Hills of South Dakota & Wyoming, including Spearfish, Belle Fourche, Deadwood, Sturgis, Newell, Vale, Rapid City, and Beulah & Sundance Wyoming.


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|Found 101 Recipes
|Revise this Search New Search
Ratatouilleby socrtwo *Canned tomatoes may be used but drain well.
Apple Spinach Saladby socrtwo Did you know that sunflower seeds, which are a good source of folate, ..
Vidalia Onion Relishby socrtwo This recipe yields ½ a gallon. A more "family cooking" size yield of ..
Peach Salsaby socrtwo The original recipe has ingredient amounts typical for "crowd cooking"..
Maple Chipotle BBQ Sauceby socrtwo The yield here is a crowd suitable size 1/2 gallon. To make a more fam..


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Hikoo Kenzie Yarn is a similar yarn: merino wool, 5 sts / inch, and 50 gram. You may also like Cascade Venezia Worsted Yarn, which is another similar yarn: merino wool and 5 sts / inch.
What about yarn that have the same look and feel? Find more yarn with a smooth / uniform texture, a medium twist, and is machine dyed.
You may enjoy taking a look at the Skacel's Hikoo Simplicity Scoreboard KAL cowl (long version), Skacel Hikoo Simplicity Scoreboard KAL 2.0 Cowl (Short Version), Hikoo Simplicity/Woolie Bullie Girl's Handwarmer Muff, and Hikoo Simplicity Reversible Scarf kits all using HiKoo Simplicity Yarn.
Hopefully our suggested project ideas for HiKoo Simplicity Yarn can help you come up with your next exciting new project idea!