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Debates of Nov. 17th, 2010
House of Commons Hansard #98 of the 40th Parliament, 3rd Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was senators.
- Question Period
- Direct Selling Industry
- Youth Homelessness
- Order of Saint-Eustache
- Infrastructure Funding
- Foreign Affairs
- Holy Angels High School
- International Trade
- Yves Lamontagne
- National Day of Remembrance for Road Crash Victims
- Eid al-Adha
- Effects of Drug Use
- Shannen's Dream
- Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada
- Government Decisions
- Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada
- Bill C-343
- National Defence
- G8 and G20 Summits
- Afghanistan
- The Environment
- Government Spending
- The Environment
- Securities Industry
- The Environment
- Member for Marc-Aurèle-Fortin
- Afghanistan
- Families of Victims of Crime
- Infrastructure
- Mining Industry
- Employment Insurance
- Agriculture and Agri-Food
- Public Works and Government Services
- Expo 2017
- Democratic Reform
- Agriculture and Agri-Food
- Foreign Affairs
- Government Response to Petitions
- Enhanced New Veterans Charter Act
- Interparliamentary Delegations
- Committees of the House
- National Brain Health Education and Awareness Month Act
- Petitions
- Questions on the Order Paper
- Questions Passed as Orders for Returns
- Motions for Papers
- Request for Emergency Debate
- Points of Order
- Constitution Act, 2010 (Senate term limits)
- Free Public Transit for Seniors Act
- Mont Tremblant International Airport
2:05 p.m.
The Speaker Peter Milliken
It being Wednesday, we will now have the singing of the national anthem led by the hon. member for Brossard—La Prairie.
Direct Selling Industry
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Joe Preston Elgin—Middlesex—London, ON
Mr. Speaker, I rise today to draw members' attention to an industry that touches the lives of many of our constituents: direct selling. Direct selling provides flexible and convenient earnings and opportunities for over 900,000 of our constituents, 91% of whom are women. Direct selling in Canada generates $2.2 billion in sales, almost $800 million in personal income and contributes almost $1 billion in taxes.
Direct selling companies give back to their communities, contributing almost $8 million in charitable causes and that does not include the millions in contributions that individual direct sellers make every year.
I encourage members to learn more about this dynamic and important industry at a reception this evening with the Direct Sellers Association of Canada at the Government Conference Centre.
Youth Homelessness
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Carolyn Bennett St. Paul's, ON
Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to rise today to ask the government to support my motion now before this House to declare November 17 as national youth homelessness awareness day.
Canada has an estimated 65,000 homeless youth, which is embarrassing for a country as rich as Canada.
We cannot stand by and refuse to take action when the well-being of Canada's future generations is at stake.
At the end of last month, I had the pleasure of joining Richard Branson and representatives from Virgin and Raising the Roof in serving breakfast to young people at Eva's Phoenix, a transitional housing facility in Toronto.
I thank Virgin and Raising the Roof for all that they have done to bring attention to the issue of homeless youth in Canada. I think it is time to give a voice to those who cannot be heard, because the issue of youth homelessness in Canada is a fundamental problem to which we need a solution.
We ask the government to do no less.
Order of Saint-Eustache
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Luc Desnoyers Rivière-des-Mille-Îles, QC
Mr. Speaker, today I would like to pay tribute to three constituents from my riding.
During an achievement ceremony on October 20, three prominent individuals were presented with the prestigious Order of Saint-Eustache, which is the highest honorary distinction bestowed on its residents by the City of Saint-Eustache.
For 24 years, Ginette Bordeleau has been putting her heart and soul into helping seniors. Constance Joanette, pianist and singer, founded the Saint-Eustache choral ensemble. And for 20 years, Pierre Therrien has been at the helm of Prisme, an organization dedicated to addiction prevention.
My Bloc Québécois colleagues and I offer them our congratulations and best wishes for their future projects.
Infrastructure Funding
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Dennis Bevington Western Arctic, NT
Mr. Speaker, this week, mayors and councillors from across Canada are here on the Hill bringing the concerns of their residents to the members of this House. Tomorrow morning, just down the hall in room 238-S, I am hosting a reception for northern mayors and councillors and invite members to come by.
The Federation of Canadian Municipalities has seen increased co-operation between municipalities and the federal government. One of the best examples is the gas tax transfer, which was originated by the FCM and, after continuous New Democratic pressure, it was made permanent in the 2008 budget. The NDP called for a permanent gas tax transfer in both the 2004 and 2006 elections and secured $900 million in gas tax transfers to municipalities in its amendments to the 2005 budget.
Now municipalities face the March 31 deadline for ending the infrastructure stimulus funding, which will create problems for some. As well, there still exists a major infrastructure deficit across Canada.
We need more co-operation between municipalities and Ottawa so Canadians are better served.
Foreign Affairs
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Deepak Obhrai Calgary East, AB
Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the Government of Canada and all Canadians, I wish to express my indignation at the news of the unlawful detention of Saeed Malekpour who is an Iranian citizen and a permanent resident of Canada. He returned to Iran in October 2008 to see his terminally ill father and was arrested. Currently in jail, he faces several allegations, including agitation against the Iranian government, and he has not had access to a lawyer.
Mr. Malekpour's case is but one of the many cases in which someone in Iran is facing a death sentence after a highly questionable process. The Canadian government, along with the international community, is committed to holding Iran to account for this and other violations of human rights. We continue to call on Iran to respect its domestic and international obligations and ensure fairness and due process to all its citizens and others.
Holy Angels High School
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Mark Eyking Sydney—Victoria, NS
Mr. Speaker, I want to take a few moments to talk about a great Canadian educational institution.
Holy Angels High School in Sydney has been educating young women for over 126 years. It has produced community leaders and national leaders, including Nova Scotia senator, Jane Cordy, and the hon. Minister of Labour.
The only public girls' school east of Montreal, Holy Angels has educated young women from all parts of my riding. Their experience gives them the confidence to do whatever they want in life, from working to build their own communities to becoming a senator or a federal cabinet minister.
Unfortunately, the school is in danger of closing. The school board is looking for solutions and I support its efforts.
I therefore call upon all members of the House to recognize Holy Angels High School as a great Canadian institution of learning that deserves to remain open so it can educate young women for another 126 years.
International Trade
Statements By Members
2:10 p.m.
Nina Grewal Fleetwood—Port Kells, BC
Mr. Speaker, Canada is on the threshold of a new partnership with India. Yesterday, the Minister of International Trade launched free trade negotiations with India, one of the world's fastest growing markets.
Enhancing and securing trade opportunities for Canadian businesses is a key initiative for our government. Over the last four years we have negotiated new trade agreements with eight countries and we are holding negotiations with close to 50 others.
The Canada-India partnership holds great promise for workers and businesses. A free trade agreement has the potential to boost Canada's economy by $6 billion to $15 billion and increase bilateral trade by 50%.
I have long promoted stronger ties and better trade relations with India. We must capitalize on our common ties and the large and thriving Indian community in Canada to create new jobs and new opportunities.
Free trade is both logical and a win-win situation for both countries and should be applauded.
Yves Lamontagne
Statements By Members
2:10 p.m.
Luc Malo Verchères—Les Patriotes, QC
Mr. Speaker, after 16 years with the Collège des médecins du Québec, including 12 years as its president and CEO, Dr. Yves Lamontagne chaired his last board meeting on October 21, 2010. According to Dr. Lamontagne himself, his time in that role was the most stimulating and enjoyable part of his career.
Yves Lamontagne began his medical practice caring for Biafran refugee children in Ivory Coast. A former clinical researcher and professor with the faculty of medicine at the Université de Montréal, he also founded the Fernand-Seguin Research Centre at the Louis-H. Lafontaine Hospital and was the founding president of Quebec's Mental Illness Foundation. He was made a knight of the National Order of Quebec in 1996 and a member of the Order of Canada in 2002. This psychiatrist, who also happens to be an excellent singer, is well known for his disarming frankness and his candour.
On behalf of the Bloc Québécois, I would like to commend his exemplary commitment, sincerely thank him and wish him continued success in all his endeavours.
National Day of Remembrance for Road Crash Victims
Statements By Members
2:10 p.m.
Brian Jean Fort McMurray—Athabasca, AB
Mr. Speaker, I would like to recognize the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and congratulate and thank it for the great partnership it has with this Conservative government. We have worked together to keep Canadians safe and the quality of life for Canadians better.
Actually, today is also the National Day of Remembrance for Road Crash Victims. Nearly 2,800 people are killed each year on Canada's roads and highways and another 195,000 people are hurt.
We must encourage all Canadians to drive safely and reduce the number of fatalities and injuries. Every member in the House is united today as we pay our respects to road crash victims and their families.
Our government, through the economic action plan, has partnered with the provinces and municipalities across Canada to make our highways and roads safer. We need drivers educated to keep themselves and others safe, and we look forward to a new year of safer driving for all Canadians and their families.
Eid al-Adha
Statements By Members
November 17th, 2010 / 2:10 p.m.
Yasmin Ratansi Don Valley East, ON
Mr. Speaker I rise today to wish Eid Mubarak to all Muslims celebrating the festival of Eid al-Adha, the festival of sacrifice.
Eid al-Adha is one of the oldest Islamic celebrations in commemoration of the great trials of faith in the lives of both Prophet Ibrahim, as well as his son Ishmael.
Through the remembrance of Prophet Ibrahim, who is venerated in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Eid al-Adha also celebrates the common humanity and ethical heritage shared by the People of the Book.
Canada is a beacon to the world on how to live in harmony. This is an asset of enormous global value.
In today's environment, our challenge or sacrifice is how we move forward as a society to ensure that pluralism flourishes and that we overcome divisive forces. Canada has the unique opportunity to provide hope to the world on how to live in harmony.
On this blessed occasion, I wish each member peace, happiness and prosperity and a happy Eid.
Effects of Drug Use
Statements By Members
2:15 p.m.
Gerald Keddy South Shore—St. Margaret's, NS
Mr. Speaker, we support parents in their efforts to keep their kids off and away from drugs. We know that parents need help in explaining the devastating effects of drugs to their kids. Today we launched an edgy new advertising campaign to demonstrate to teenagers the devastating effects of drugs.
We believe in supporting parents in their efforts to protect their families from the effects of drug use. We will not undermine parents by sending kids the signal that it is okay to do drugs, as the Liberal leader did this week in Vancouver. This kind of irresponsible commentary is the last thing parents need as they try to raise their kids.
Shannen's Dream
Statements By Members
2:15 p.m.
Niki Ashton Churchill, MB
Mr. Speaker, 15-year-old Shannen Koostachin had a dream. She dreamt that all first nations children should be entitled to an education in a healthy and safe environment, just as non-aboriginal children. Sadly, Shannen did not live to see others carry on the fight to realize her dream.
My colleagues from Timmins—James Bay and Nanaimo—Cowichan have put forward a motion to push the government to close the funding gap for schools on reserve.
Today, in Ottawa, leaders, activists and children in our communities came together to launch the Shannen's Dream campaign and to call on the government to act on this national disgrace. In my region, the government has ignored the plight of children in Oxford House, Gods River and Gods Lake Narrows, as well as other first nations across Canada.
Today we would like to honour Shannen, her family and her community. Let us fulfill Shannen's dream.
Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada
Statements By Members
2:15 p.m.
James Bezan Selkirk—Interlake, MB
Mr. Speaker, the leader of the Liberal Party continues to make insulting and offensive comments.
Recently, the Liberal leader insinuated that Julie Javier, a Filipino Canadian with an impressive professional and community background, was only running so she could steal votes from the Liberal candidate in the Filipino community because of her heritage. He implied that the campaign was not being straight-up, that only his candidate was the real choice and that Conservatives were playing political games.
This is not the first time the Liberal leader has made insulting comments such as these to an ethnic group. In the Liberal leaders' book Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism, he says:
My difficulty in taking Ukraine seriously goes deeper than just my cosmopolitan suspicion of nationalists everywhere. Somewhere inside, I'm also what Ukrainians would call a Great Russian, and there is just a trace of old Russian disdain for these 'little Russians'.
How can the Liberal candidate, Kevin Lamoureux, stand behind his leader and why does he support these insulting and offensive comments?
The Liberal leader and his candidate need to apologize to the Filipino and Ukrainian communities in Winnipeg North.
Government Decisions
Statements By Members
2:15 p.m.
Josée Beaudin Saint-Lambert, QC
Mr. Speaker, all the people I am about to name have one thing in common. In one way or another, they have all been victims of the Conservatives' arbitrariness because they chose to stand up rather than suffer undue pressure from the Conservatives in silence. Some lost their jobs or were forced to resign, others did not have their contracts renewed and still others continue to fight for the resources they need to properly do the job for which they were appointed.
In naming some of them publicly, I want to underscore the courage, determination and decency all these people demonstrated by criticizing a number of unfair, abusive decisions made by the Conservatives. In so doing, they showed us that even in a democracy, freedom of speech and thought are not safe from the whims of those in power.
They are Linda Keen, Arthur Carty, Bernard Shapiro, Kevin Page, Peter Tinsley, Richard Colvin, Marc Mayrand, Paul Kennedy, Robert Marleau, Marty Cheliak, Munir Sheikh and Patrick Stogran. To all these people, I say thank you.


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On Friday, August 2nd, 2013 a Pinal County Sheriff's Office deputy was traveling westbound on Interstate-10 near mile marker 203. In front of the deputies vehicle was a 1999 GMC Yukon. The deputy attempted to stop the vehicle on a traffic stop after he had observed several traffic violations. The driver of the vehicle accelerated and failed to stop. A vehicle pursuit was initiated. A short time later the vehicle exited I-10 and then re-entered I-10. The vehicle sped up and was traveling at speeds of between 105 and 110 miles per hour. As the driver was traveling westbound he threw his cell phone out the driver's side window. A short distance later the vehicle suddenly pulled over and stopped. A high risk stop was conducted and the driver was taken into custody. He was later identified as Martin Bustamante (age 23 of Mexico). Martin admitted he was inside of the United States illegally. Martin Bustamante was booked into the Pinal County Adult Detention Center for Possession of Marijuana, Possession of Marijuana for Sale, Transportation of Marijuana, Possession of Drug Paraphernalia and Unlawful Flight from Law Enforcement. Sheriff Paul Babeu stated, "Deputies discovered 12 packaged bundles of marijuana in the rear compartment of the vehicle. The marijuana weighed a total of 325 pounds with an estimated street value of $260,000. The marijuana and vehicle were seized and we'll auction the car and give the cash to local youth sports and crime victim shelters. Cases like this continue to show how unsecured our southern border truly is. We need to secure our southern border before we start to talk about giving amnesty to 12 to 20 million people who have already entered America illegally."
Mark Clark

subset: commoncrawl


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Take time for 'scary good health' on October 30 & 31
CSM Health Fair
Tue Oct 30, 2012
10:00 am - 2:00 pm
Cost: Free
The CSM Health Center Staff welcomes you to the 2012 Health Fair.
Over 25 booths featuring the following:
- Flu Shots/$15
- Massage
- Reike
- Fitness Training
- Cholesterol & Glucose Screening
- Acupuncture
- SMC Public Health Dept.
- American Red Cross
- El Centro de Libertad/Freedom Center
- Blood Centers of the Pacific
- and much, much, more!
Join us in College Center Building 10 for some ghoulish games, freaky fun, and frightening food!
CSM College Center Building 10, Bayview Dining Room1700 W. Hillsdale Boulevard
San Mateo, CA 94402 US
Browse Events at this Location
Event Contact InfoGloria D'Ambra
(650) 574-6396
Share this EventEmail to a Friend
Save to Your CalendariCalendarvCalendar
Google Calendar
Yahoo! Calendar
Windows Live Calendar


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Rawlings Brooklyn Nets Slam Dunk Softee Hoop Set
Product Information:
Bank every shot with the Rawlings® Brooklyn Nets Slam Dunk Softee Hoop Set. This set includes a 4" softee ball and a 12" x 9" backboard, which attaches to a door or chair back with an included clip. Practice your free throws in every room with the Rawlings® Slam Dunk Softee Hoop Set.
- Team-colored hoop and net set
- Features team graphics on backboard and ball
- Backboard measures 12" x 9"
- 4" softee basketball included
- Officially licensed by the NBA®
- Rawlings
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 18633946


text:
Colours Midnight Lagoon Blue Metallic Effect Paint 2.5L
Colours Midnight Lagoon Blue Metallic Effect Paint 2.5L
Home Delivery
Unavailable for Home delivery. Please check your local store stock.
Click & Collect
Unavailable for Click & Collect
- Our stores do not stock this product
- 45 day returns policy. Read our returns policy
Product notices
[This is a block of tabs..]
Product Details
Product Information
This midnight lagoon blue paint has been specially designed to give a durable and long-lasting metallic effect finish on walls. Simply apply with a brush or roller and leave for 2-4 hours to dry - a great way to give the surfaces additional protection. Covers 8 m² per litre on average.
- Guarantee - 1 year
Technical Specifications
|Colour description
|Midnight lagoon Blue
|8 m² per litre
|Drying time
|VOC description
|Brush or roller
|For use on
Help & Advice
How to guides
How to create paint effects
You don't have to stick to using conventional brushes to paint your walls. So why not think creatively and try other paint effects instead? We think you'll be delighted with the results.
Make it, mend it - The upside of upcycling
It's pretty amazing how a splash of paint and a touch of polish can change a tired and worn piece of furniture into a unique family charm. So don't throw those old pieces away, try upcycling them into your next favourite thing.
Product reassurances
Choose a convenient delivery date on 1000s of products
45 day returns policy
Arrange collection or return to store.Customer support team - 0333 014 3357
Free delivery on standard orders over £50 placed on diy.com
Excludes Large and Bulk delivery


text:
The Fabulous Life Of CNN's Erin Burnett — Who Just Married A Citi Exec
Hearts across Wall Street are breaking...
CNN anchor Erin Burnett, affectionately known as the "Street Sweetie" during her CNBC days, married a Citigroup managing director before Christmas, People reported.
Her husband is David Thomas Rubulotta, managing director in high-yield sales at Citibank.
The couple got married at City Hall on Friday.
Congratulations to them!
Now as a tribute, let's take a tour of Burnett's fabulous life and career.


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Official information may be found at the .NET Client Library page.
Using Multiple Buckets with the CouchbaseClient
It is not possible to configure (in app|web.config) a single instance of a CouchbaseClient to work with multiple buckets. Though it is possible to programmatically reconstruct a client to work with multiple buckets, it is not recommended. The process of creating a client is expensive (relative to other Couchbase operations) and should ideally be done once per app domain.
It is possible however to set multiple config sections in app|web.config to allow for multiple client instances to be created, while still maintaining bucket affinity.
<?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="couchbase">

 </sectionGroup> </configSections> <couchbase> <bucket-a> <servers bucket="default"> <add uri="http://127.0.0.1:8091/pools" /> </servers> </bucket-a> <bucket-b> <servers bucket="beernique" bucketPassword="b33rs"> <add uri="http://127.0.0.1:8091/pools" /> </servers> </bucket-b> </couchbase> <startup> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/> </startup> </configuration>
After defining the config sections, bucket specific clients are created by reading the appropriate config sections and passing the config section reference to the constructor of the CouchbaseClient. Again, constructing the client should not be done per operation, but rather per app domain.
var bucketASection = (CouchbaseClientSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("couchbase/bucket-a"); var bucketBSection = (CouchbaseClientSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("couchbase/bucket-b"); var clientA = new CouchbaseClient(bucketASection); var clientB = new CouchbaseClient(bucketBSection); clientA.ExecuteStore(StoreMode.Set, "fooA", "barA"); var itemA = clientA.Get<string>("fooA"); Console.WriteLine(itemA); clientB.ExecuteStore(StoreMode.Set, "fooB", "barB"); var itemB = clientB.Get<string>("fooB"); Console.WriteLine(itemB);
Handling Failures with the Operation Results API
The standard public API (i.e., Get, Store, etc.) exposed by the .NET Client Library is based largely on the .NET Memcached client library Enyim.Caching. These methods were created to support the use case of working with a distributed cache - not a persistent store. As a result, these methods return simple values and swallow exceptions.
For example, if an I/O exception occurred during the following call, then the value of getResult would be null.
var getResult = client.Get("SomeKey");
Similarly, if the key already existed when the following snippet executes, the value of storeResult would simply be false.
var storeResult = client.Store(StoreMode.Add, "ExistingKey", "SomeValue");
In summary, for the standard API, retrieve operations will return null for cache misses, I/O exceptions and all other error conditions. Store operations will return false for key errors and I/O exceptions. No exceptions should bubble up to the caller when using the standard API.
In an effort to expose more about an operation's success or failure, additions to the API were introduced starting in client version 1.1. These new methods mirror the existing (while maintaining backwards compatibility), but are prefixed with "Execute." The return value of each of these methods is an instance of an IOperationResult implementation.
With the new API, a caller may use ExecuteGet to learn more about the state of an operation.
var getResult = client.ExecuteGet("foo"); //some examples of how properties are set on the results follow //sample is not meant to imply flow control for your application //check the success of the operation if (getResult.Success) { Console.WriteLine("Get result successful and the value was {0}", getResult.Value); } //exceptions will typically be I/O related and are not always present for a failure if (getResult.Exception != null) { Console.WriteLine("Exception occurred: {0}", getResult.Exception.Message); } //Check if the nullable status code has a value, //on a cache miss, for example, this value will be 1 if (getResult.StatusCode != null && getResult.HasValue) { Console.WriteLine("Server sent StatusCode {0}", getResult.StatusCode.Value); } //Check the message (note - the constants will be released in v1.1.7) //success would also be false, but no exception //StatusCode would also be equal to (int)StatusCodeEnums.NotFound if (getResult.Message == StatusCodeMessages.NOT_FOUND) { Console.WriteLine("Key not found"); }
In summary:
|false when key is not found or exception is thrown
|not null when a handled I/O exception is swallowed, null on operation failures
|not null when server returns valid status code, null on I/O exceptions
|null when server returns valid results, not null on I/O exceptions or operation failures
Similarly, Store operations return StoreOperationResult instances.
var storeResult = client.ExecuteStore(StoreMode.Add, "foo", "bar"); //some examples of how properties are set on the results follow //again, sample is not meant to imply flow control for your application //check the success of the operation if (storeResult.Success) { Console.WriteLine("Store result successful and the cas value was {0}", storeResult.Cas); } //exceptions will typically be I/O related and are not always present for a failure if (storeResult.Exception != null) { Console.WriteLine("Exception occurred: {0}", storeResult.Exception.Message); } //Check if the nullable status code has a value, //when trying to replace an non-existing key, for example, this value will be 1 if (storeResult.StatusCode != null && getResult.HasValue) { Console.WriteLine("Server sent StatusCode {0}", getResult.StatusCode.Value); } //Check the message (note - the constants will be released in v1.1.7) //success would also be false, but no exception //StatusCode would also be equal to (int)StatusCodeEnums.NotFound if (storeResult.Message == StatusCodeMessages.NOT_FOUND) { Console.WriteLine("Key not found"); }
Generally speaking, testing the Success property is the starting point for checking for any failures. Success should never be false if an operation succeeded on the server (status code is 0). The various properties described above could then be used to test for swallowed exceptions or failed operations that didn't raise an exception.
Also, please note that there were missing code paths in the current version of the Enyim.Caching client that was released with the .NET 1.1 library. Specifically, operation failures that should report a StatusCode were falling through to a "Node not found condition." An upcoming 1.1.7 release will patch Enyim and resolve this issue - also reducing (or eliminating) the need for the InnerResult structure that currently is in place.
Using the CouchbaseClient in a WCF Application
Unlike web applications, Windows services and console applications, WFC services are stateless. Typically, each client request is handled by a new instance of the service. This behavior makes it hard to manage a CouchbaseClient in the recommended way - once per app domain (or HTTPApplication instance).
If possible, you can avoid the performance penalties associated with client instantiation by setting your service to use the single instance context mode. When set to single, there will be a single instance of your service handling all client requests.
[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single)]
public class Service : IService
If hosting in IIS using HTTP, you can also set your WCF application to use ASP.NET compatibility mode. In addition to enabling ASP.NET compatibility mode in your web.config, your service will need to specify it allows or requires ASP.NET compatibility.
public class Service : IService
<system.serviceModel> <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" /> </system.serviceModel>
With ASP.NET compatibility enabled, you will be able to add a Global.asax to your project and hook into its events.
public static CouchbaseClient Client = null; protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { Client = new CouchbaseClient(); }
Bulk Loading
The code below is ported from the Java discussion on bulk loading in this wiki. See Bulk Loading for more information.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Couchbase; using Couchbase.Configuration; using Enyim.Caching.Memcached.Results; using Enyim.Caching.Memcached; using System.Threading; namespace BulkLoader { public class StoreHandler { CouchbaseClient _cbc; public StoreHandler(IList<Uri> uris, string bucketName, string bucketPassword) { var config = new CouchbaseClientConfiguration(); foreach (var uri in uris) { config.Urls.Add(uri); } config.Bucket = bucketName; config.BucketPassword = bucketPassword; _cbc = new CouchbaseClient(config); } ///  /// Performa regular Store with storeMode.Set ///  /// <param name="key"></param> /// <param name="value"></param> /// <returns></returns> public IStoreOperationResult Set(string key, object value) { return _cbc.ExecuteStore(StoreMode.Set, key, value); } ///  /// Continuously try a set with exponential backoff until number of tries or /// successful. The exponential backoff will wait a maximum of 1 second, or whatever ///  /// <param name="key"></param> /// <param name="value"></param> /// <param name="tries">Number of tries before giving up</param> /// <returns></returns> public IStoreOperationResult Set(string key, object value, int tries) { var backoffExp = 0; var tryAgain = false; IStoreOperationResult result = null; try { do { if (backoffExp > tries) { throw new ApplicationException("Could not perform a set after " + tries + " tries."); } result = _cbc.ExecuteStore(StoreMode.Set, key, value); if (result.Success) break; if (backoffExp > 0) { var backOffMillis = Math.Pow(2, backoffExp); backOffMillis = Math.Min(1000, backOffMillis); //1 sec max Thread.Sleep((int)backOffMillis); Console.WriteLine("Backing off, tries so far: " + backoffExp); } backoffExp++; if (! result.Success) { var message = result.InnerResult != null ? result.InnerResult.Message : result.Message; Console.WriteLine("Failed with status: " + message); } //Future versions of the .NET client will flatten the results and make checking for //InnerResult objects unnecessary tryAgain = (result.Message != null && result.Message.Contains("Temporary failure") || result.InnerResult != null && result.InnerResult.Message.Contains("Temporary failure")); } while (tryAgain); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine("Interrupted while trying to set. Exception:" + ex.Message); } // note that other failure cases fall through. status.isSuccess() can be // checked for success or failure or the message can be retrieved. return result; } } }


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Friday, July 30, 2010
A Wholesome Ramadan Dinner and 7 day Meal Plan
Complete abstinence from food and water during the entire daylight hours in Ramadan helps the body detoxify of illnesses.But one ought to be careful with food choices made during the early dawn(Suhur) and after sunset(Iftar) meals,especially during the long days in summer.Overeating during Suhur is just as bad to the body as overwhelming the empty stomach with empty calories foods(high fat ,excess sugar)during Iftar.The high fat samosas and pakodas have to avoided at the best;dates,fruits and water are enough to break fast[which is also the Sunnah of the Prophet(pbuh)] followed by a wholesome dinner after the Maghrib prayers.I have to admit the deep fried delicacies were once my indulgence, which most certainly gave me the tummy troubles later,but I have been avoiding them in past two years for much more comforting wholesome foods.
Simple and nutritious Iftar dinner platter like this(and few more in the meal plan below),with whole grains,vegetables,meats,nuts and fruits, should give the idea of eating right during Ramadan.I'm sending the platter over to Ramadan special events : Umm Mymoonah's Iftar Moments ,Mona's Hyderabadi Ramadan food festival and Lubna's Joy from Fasting to Feasting III.
Vibrant Veggie Brown Rice Pulov\Pilaf
Easy to cook this colorful whole grain pulov covers the carbs and fiber in the meal.
Serves 4
3 cups Brown Rice
1 medium onion,finely sliced
1 cup carrots,diced
1/2 cup peas
1 cup Edamame(baby soybeans)
1/2 cup red bell peppers,seeded and finely chopped
1/4 teaspoon turmeric
2 cloves garlic,minced
1/2 inch ginger root,minced
1 teaspoon cumin seeds
1 tablespoon Extra Virgin Olive Oil
2 tablespoon mint and cilantro, chopped.
Wash the rice and soak it for 15-20 minutes.Meanwhile heat the oil in a skillet on medium high heat. Add chopped onions and cumin seeds.Saute for 4-5 minutes until lightly colored , add ginger and garlic. saute for a minute with turmeric and other spices.Drain the water from rice and add in to the skillet and cook until rice turns pearly white. Now add 4 cups of water, chopped mint ,cilantro and vegetables. Cover and cook until all rice is cooked through about 30 minutes.Serve with almond ,tomato or Mint sesame chutney
Baked Chicken with Tandoori Masala and red pepper sauce
The spicy chicken bake provides the essential protein.Reduce the spices in case of heart burn troubles.
serves 4
2 pounds skinless Free range chicken,cut in medium pieces
2 teaspoon tandoori masala(this was store bought,I prefer Sanjeev kapoor's or Shaan's brand of masala mix)
1 teaspoon salt
for the sauce
1 red bell pepper(can also use green),seeded and chopped
1/2 teaspoon each of cumin and coriander powder
1/2 teaspoon hot chili powder
1/2 cup fresh herbs,cilantro or mint or parsley
1/2 teaspoon salt
Marinate the chicken in the tandoori masala and salt for an hour or more.
Prepare the sauce,blend all the ingredients under sauce in a food processor or blender.
Preheat oven to 325F.Transfer the chicken in an baking dish.Bake for about 35 minutes. Get the dish out of the oven and pour the sauce all over the chicken.Cook for another 25-30 minutes until tender and cooked through.Serve warm with the Veggie Brown Rice Pulov\Pilaf.
Mango Pineapple Almond Lassi(Smoothie)
A dessert and thirst quencher in one,the tropical almond lassi is loaded with much needed nutrients from fruits and nuts.
Serves 4
2 very ripe mangoes,peeled and diced
1 cup pineapple chunks
1/2 cup raw almonds
1/2 cup fat free yogurt
Blender together all of the ingredients in a heavy duty blender(like Vitamix) until smooth,chill in fridge until time to serve.Garnish with more raw almonds(chopped or whole)
A Sample 7 day Ramadan Meal Plan
The following meal plan was put together keeping in mind the Ramadan Meal plan guidelines,well balanced meals prepared using whole grains,fruits,vegetable.meat,beans and nuts;avoiding excess sugar and fats.Remember to drink lots of water during the non-fasting hours.And keep the snacking between maghrib and taraweeh limited to whole fruits,dried fruits and nuts.
Suhur(Pre-dawn meal) :Whole grain Bagels(store bought or home made) with Chicken Shorba,reduced fat milk,apple
Iftar(meal after breaking fast):Dates,Methi Buns with Minty Barley soup,Salad Olviye(potato olive salad) , Fruit Chaat
Snacks:Whole nuts(Almonds,walnuts,pecans)
Suhur(Pre-dawn meal) :Pancakes with whole fruits,reduced fat milk
Iftar(meal after breaking fast):Dates,Salmon with Brown rice and kale,Sprouts and Snap peas Salad
Snacks:Whole fruits
Suhur(Pre-dawn meal) :Flax Berry Smoothie,Parathas with Lamb Shorba
Iftar(meal after breaking fast):Dates,Matazeez(Saudi Vegetable pasta)with Fish,Almond Tropical Lassi
Snacks:Trail mix(dried fruit and nut mix)
Suhur(Pre-dawn meal) :Green lentil pancakes with nut chutney,Nature's best drink
Iftar(meal after breaking fast):Dates,Koshary(pasta rice lentils in tomato sauce),Sprouts Olive Salad,Water melon ginger ale or water melon spritzer
Snacks:Whole fruits
Suhur(Pre-dawn meal) :Green Parathas with tomato chutney,scrambled eggs,Almond Cocoa
Iftar(meal after breaking fast):Dates,Haleem(Meat Wheat Porridge),Moroccan Veggie Couscous,Orange Ginger Drink
Snacks:Dried fruits(raisins,figs)
Suhur(Pre-dawn meal) :Shakshouka(Eggs in tomato pepper sauce),Banana,reduced fat milk
Iftar(meal after breaking fast):Dates,Harissa Chicken with Freekah,Orange Carrot Salad
Snacks:whole fruit
Suhur(Pre-dawn meal) :Ragi or Buck wheat Porridge or beet oatmeal with whole and dried fruits
Iftar(meal after breaking fast):Dates,Sesame Chicken with sauteed Cabbage Salad,Fruit N Nut Quinoa,Low fat Falooda
Snacks:Dried fruit and nuts
34 comments:
- Umm Mymoonah said...
Your wholesome Iftar Dinner looks perfect, thank you so much for sending it to my event. Your sample menu plan also looks good, will check out those recipes also :-)
- July 30, 2010 at 6:39 AM
- Rahin said...
Thanks for a fabulous post Yasmeen, lovely and healthy platter there, the 7 day menu is fantastic
- July 30, 2010 at 6:40 AM
- Curry Leaf said...
Love the brown rice and smoothie.The menu plan is healthy and filling and very yummy.
- July 30, 2010 at 6:56 AM
- RV said...
Love the pilaf and chicken. This is a great meal plan for Ramadan. I got reminded of my dear friend who fasts every year.
- July 30, 2010 at 7:02 AM
- Rosa's Yummy Yums said...
So colorful and flavorful! A perfect Ramadan dinner.
- July 30, 2010 at 7:11 AM
- Prerna said...
Wow! can I come to your place for ramadan?? Your menu just left me drooling :-(
- July 30, 2010 at 7:34 AM
- Satya said...
wow so many mouthwatering dishes at a time ...perfect menu for ramdan
- July 30, 2010 at 7:50 AM
- Jennifurla said...
Oh wow, what a lovely meal! I love all the colors and flavors
- July 30, 2010 at 7:51 AM
- VineelaSiva said...
Wow the plate looks very inviting i love the chicken fry its really makes me hungry Yasmeen.
- July 30, 2010 at 7:52 AM
- Shabitha Karthikeyan said...
Wonderful and healthy rice pilaf..I have lot of friends out here who will be fasting..Surely will share with them !!!
- July 30, 2010 at 8:42 AM
- Sayantani said...
thats a great post Yasmeen. the way you planned the delicious meals makes it balanced and healthy. bookmarking this and will send to friends who will keep fast on this holy month.
- July 30, 2010 at 9:07 AM
- Joanne said...
Wholesome is definitely the way to go and if anyone knows how to do it right, it's you! This looks fantastic.
- July 30, 2010 at 10:50 AM
- Priya (Yallapantula) Mitharwal said...
Love all your recipes listed, specially the colorfulo pilaf and wow, that is a yummy looking minus and I love planning but can hardly do it. Have a wonderful ramadan :)
- July 30, 2010 at 12:09 PM
- SS blogs here said...
Oh that looks fabulous. I like your idea of the sauce for the tandoori chicken. Good one.
- July 30, 2010 at 1:30 PM
- PranisKitchen said...
iftar meallooks so delicious the lassi is my favorite.. so good.. and what a wonderful meal planner.. good one yasmine
- July 30, 2010 at 8:14 PM
- Mona said...
Wow, what wholesome meal. If one sticks to foods as such during the whole of Ramadan, then tummy troubles are sure to be at bay.
Jazakallahu Khair for sending this as an entry to the event Yasmeen!
- July 31, 2010 at 2:02 AM
- lecker and yummy recipes said...
Alhamdulillah you have a perfect Iftar menu ! would definitely try from urs during ramadhan ...inshallah :)
- July 31, 2010 at 5:15 AM
- simply.food said...
Wonderful meal plan with yummy healthy and nutritious recipes.
- July 31, 2010 at 12:43 PM
- Mina Joshi said...
Wow what a wonderful menu for Ramadhan. All the best with the fasting during Ramadhan.
- July 31, 2010 at 12:49 PM
- Cynthia said...
You really take good care of us by suggesting these enticing and balanced meals. Thank you.
- July 31, 2010 at 6:43 PM
- Fathima said...
Wow that is a perfect plan laid out... love your pulav... feast to the eyes and am sure for the taste buds too...
- August 1, 2010 at 12:16 PM
- Health24h.info said...
It is so amazing and great looking for a good meal. Thanks for your posting. I really love this meal. Cheer.
- August 2, 2010 at 5:16 AM
- Afsal_ Alif said...
Ramdhaan Mubarak in Advance......
Haappyy & delighted to see such a well-planned diet to welcome the Holy month of Ramadhan.
Thanx for the Posting......!
And Wish you an eazy-going & a healthy Ramadhaan !
- August 2, 2010 at 9:05 AM
- Roumopod said...
Just came across your blog Yasmeen. This surely rocks. Even though it might be hard to stick to the menu wholly, most of it can be followed.
Loved reading it.
Furthermore, a small suggestion. If you could also mention the nutrient values in each meal, that would be so cool. Also you can write customized menus for people who have heart trouble i.e. food low on cholesterol , or diabetics.
Looking forward to seeing your stance on this.
- August 2, 2010 at 4:00 PM
- Hamaree Rasoi said...
Fabulous post !!! I'm going crazy over the chicken fry.Have a wonderful Ramadan.
I have an award for you in my blog. Please accept it
Hamaree Rasoi
- August 2, 2010 at 11:32 PM
- Shabs.. said...
Fantastic compilation yasmeen....
- August 4, 2010 at 12:32 PM
- josh healy said...
hi, hope it's ok to contact you here. we would love to include your blog on our giveaway search engine: giveaway scout (http://www.giveawayscout.com). have a look and if interested, use our online form to add your blog (http://www.giveawayscout.com/addblog/ ). thanks, josh
- August 5, 2010 at 1:37 AM
- Reshmi said...
first time here and amazed by this wonderful post.. the dinner looks colourful.. i'm drooling over them.. bookmarked the mango lassie!!
- August 5, 2010 at 2:52 AM
- Lori said...
I have never seen such a delicious looking rice pilaf! I really enjoy these menus.
- August 5, 2010 at 6:24 AM
- Muneeba said...
As much as I love your sample meal plan for Ramadan, Yasmeen ... I gotta admit, it sent my husband into a panic attack! ;) He is anti anything healthy, so you can sure that he wants his Suhur and Iftar loaded with carbs :p Typical man.
- August 5, 2010 at 2:15 PM
- meeso said...
That certainly looks healthy and would be perfect for anyone health-conscious!
- August 6, 2010 at 1:33 PM
- Home Energy said...
Nice picture of Baked Chicken with Tandoori Masala and red pepper sauce and it includes the wholesome Ramadan dinner and 7 day meal plan.
- August 22, 2010 at 2:51 AM
- November 6, 2010 at 2:56 PM
- Ramadan 2013 said...
Ramadan Mubarak to all! These Ramadan iftar ideas are really amazing.
- July 7, 2013 at 4:57 AM


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Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
versão On-line ISSN 2411-9717
versão impressa ISSN 0038-223X
J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. vol.112 no.6 Johannesburg Jun. 2012
Mechanisms of large seismic events in platinum mines of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa)
D. MalovichkoI; G. van AswegenII; R. ClarkII
IInstitute of Mine Seismology, Australia
IIInstitute of Mine Seismology, South Africa
Seismic events and pillar failures observed in two platinum mines in the Rustenburg area, South Africa, were investigated. We studied the sources of approximately 300 largest seismic events recorded in 2009. Moment tensors of these events were estimated from amplitudes and polarities of P- and S-waves. The inverted mechanisms contain isotropic implosive components in many instances. Analyses of uncertainty of the moment tensor solutions confirmed the significance of the implosive component in general. Several documented cases of pillar failure were considered in detail. For each of these a seismic moment tensor was calculated from an elastic stress model assuming an instant removal of a failed pillar. The geometries and magnitudes of the theoretical seismic moment tensors are in agreement with the observed (i.e. inverted from seismic data). The results indicate that either pillar failure or fracturing in the proximity of the reef (within a fraction of the dominant wavelength of seismic waves) are responsible for a significant portion of the large events recorded in these mines.
Keywords: seismic moment tensor, pillar failure, numerical modelling.
The Bushveld Complex of South Africa hosts the majority of the world's known platinum group metal resources. A number of mines are operated in the Complex. Either one or two thin, planar, and shallowly dipping orebodies (the Merensky and UG2 Reefs) are extracted using scattered mining methods with regional stability pillars and crush pillars. The two mines near Rustenburg that are discussed in this paper extensively mine out Merensky Reef forming back areas of about 4 x 5 km2 each. The reef dips generally between 10 and 12 degrees. Current mining depth is about 1 200 m.
A common extensive seismic network based on 22 sites is operated at these mines. Most of the sensors are installed underground in tunnels parallel to the planar orebody, rendering the configuration of the sensors rather planar. Two surface sites add the much-needed third dimension to the network configuration in the area of interest. All sites are equipped with tri-axial geophones with 4.5 Hz natural frequency.
About 2 ,000 events are recorded by the network per year on average, with a recurrence time of events of moment magnitude (mw) >2.0 of about 35 days. The quality of seismic data is high - the seismic events generate clear signals in P- and S-waves not only for underground, but also for surface sites. The nearly planar configuration of the underground sensor sites results in a specific problem of location of the seismic sources -the position of the sources appears to be constrained within the reef plane but it is significantly uncertain in the direction normal to the reef. The ellipsoid of location error may have dimension of several hundreds of metres in that direction.
In general the observed seismic activity is spatially related to the recent stopes - either currently active or mined out within the previous several years. There is limited spatial association with geological features - dykes, faults and potholes. Dynamic failures of pillars were documented for some of the large seismic events. It was not, however, established whether the observed damage was reflecting the details of the seismic source or whether the damage was caused by transient waves from a nearby seismic event. Several flurries of events in the back area have been recorded, starting from the hypocentre of some large event and spreading out over several days or even, in one extreme case, over weeks. These flurries are interpreted to represent pillar runs, where the failure of one pillar initiates the loading of a next one to failure, causing a succession of seismic events. These back area pillars are generally not accessible, therefore the concept of pillar runs cannot be verified by direct observation.
Mining-related seismicity has been extensively covered in the seismological and rock mechanics literature. Many studies present evidence of a difference between the mechanisms of seismic events observed in mining and those in tectonic environments. In particular, the importance of implosive components in the inverted moment tensors is noted1-4 generally attributed to the interaction of shear failure with volumetric deformation of adjacent excavations.
Several studies of seismic source mechanisms were done for platinum mines of the Bushveld Complex. One of these5 presented results of the analysis of seismicity in two platinum mines in the Rustenburg area. The data was acquired by a near-surface site in each case. It was shown that a significant proportion of the events have enhanced amplitudes of P-waves relative to the expected radiation pattern from simple shear slip mechanisms. The interpretation was that these events originated from the punching of pillars into the footwall.
The objective of this study is to improve our understanding of the source mechanisms of the large seismic events in the mines under consideration to assist in developing appropriate mining and support strategies. We focus on:
Inversion of the moment tensors for a representative dataset of medium and large size seismic events
Analysis of several pillar failure cases incorporating underground observations, numerical modelling of the seismic source mechanisms, and comparison of these with the mechanisms inverted from seismic data.
Analysis of seismic source mechanisms
More than 300 events recorded by the network in 2009 were selected for detailed analysis of their sources. The following selection criteria have been used:
Moment magnitude is above 0.5
At least 10 sites are triggered
The source location is within the central part of the network (inside the boundaries of the mines under consideration).
The size distribution of the selected events is shown in Figure 1. The largest, a mw 2.5 event, occurred on November 2 2009. More than 40 events had magnitudes greater than 1.5.
Verification of orientation and response of the seismic sensors
The study of source mechanisms is based on the examination of the patterns of the seismic radiation. The amplitudes and phases (polarities) of seismic waves radiated in different directions from the source are analysed comparatively. This sort of analysis requires a precise knowledge of the response and orientation of the seismic sensors, as corrupted components or errors in orientation characteristics (e.g. the flipping of the components by incorrect cable connection or incorrect software settings) may result in significant deviation of the inverted mechanism.
Special examination of seismic data recorded in 2009 was done to verify the response and orientation of the sensor sites. Three sorts of data were considered:
Small and medium size local (in-mine) seismic eventsThe assumption that motion in the P-wave must be polarized along the source-sensor direction was used for verification of the sensor orientation. An inversion procedure was applied for sites that did not pass this verification test, i.e. the orientation characteristics (azimuth, dip and roll angles, components flips) which yield the smallest difference between the polarization of motion in the P-wave and source-sensor direction were estimated. We note that, in terms of polarity, the described procedure does not exclude the possibility of the simultaneous flipping of all components of the seismic sensor. The probability of such gross errors during installation is, however, considered small. The comparison of observed spectra of seismic signals with expected spectra allows us to monitor the response of the sensors
Local blastsAs the first motion of the P-wave must be strictly away from the blast's source, it provides a means of checking the orientation and eliminating the possibility of the simultaneous flipping of all components
Distant large eventsThe approximation of P- and S-waves coming from distant sources as planar waves allows us to check the correctness of orientation and response of individual sites relative to a selected reference site.
Application of these procedures resulted in the identification of a set of sites with reliable response and orientation characteristics.
Moment tensor inversion
The seismic waveforms recorded by the sites with reliable characteristics were used for the estimation of seismic moment tensors. The generally-observed simplicity of seismic waveforms recorded in these mines makes it possible to take advantage of a relatively simple and quick moment tensor inversion technique utilizing amplitudes and polarities of signals of the P- and S-waves. The amplitudes were calculated in the frequency domain, from the low-frequency plateau of displacement spectra. The amplitude and polarity data for different waves and sites were weighted according to the sharpness of the corresponding signals, i.e. the signals with strong coda had smaller influence on the results of the calculations. The mathematical function for minimization was formulated as the absolute difference (L1 norm) between the amplitudes of observed and synthetic signals, considering their polarities of course. The function was normalized in such a way that the maximum value (1.0) corresponded to equal amplitudes and opposite polarities of the observed and synthetic seismic waves for all components, while the minimum value (0.0) reflected a perfect fit. An intermediate value may be interpreted roughly as a portion of observed waves that is badly modelled. A misfit of 0.17 may, for example, be indicative of complete disagreement between observed and synthetic data (equal amplitudes but opposite polarities) for 17 per cent of seismic waves and perfect agreement for the remaining 83 per cent of the waves.
A simulation of the waveforms was done for each estimated mechanism. The simulated waveforms were compared with the recorded ones. Application of a low-pass filter below the corner frequency to both synthetic and observed waveforms provided validity of a point source approximation.
For both the source inversion and waveform modelling, the medium was assumed to be infinite and homogeneous. Inelasticity was taken into account by means of constant (frequency-independent) Q factors.
Figure 2 demonstrates the mechanism for the largest event in the dataset using the standard 'beach-ball' representation. The orientations of the source-to-site paths of sites used in the mechanism's inversion is shown on the 'TOTAL' lower hemispherical projection. The isotropic (ISO) and deviatoric (DEV) components are also displayed. The isotropic component is quite large in this case and is of negative sign, implying significant implosive co-seismic deformation in the source. Another remarkable feature is the nearly vertical orientation of the P axis (centre of 'white' area of the 'DEV' beach-ball).
The observed waveforms are compared with synthetic ones calculated for the inverted mechanism in the lower part of Figure 2. The agreement between observed and synthetic signals is acceptable - the polarities and amplitudes of the recorded initial impulses in the P- and S-waves are modelled correctly for most of the sites, resulting in a misfit of 0.12. The later signals (coda of P- and S-waves, reflection from the earth's surface) are predictably not reproduced in the synthetic waveforms as they conflict with the assumptions of a simple source and an infinite homogeneous medium.
The moment tensor solution for a smaller size event is shown in Figure 3. As in the previous case, the obtained mechanism has a significant implosive isotropic component and steep P axis. The quality of modelling of the observed waveforms in this case is a bit worse (lower part of of Figure 3). The amplitudes and polarities of the P-waves are properly modelled for most of the sites, while the S-waves are reproduced correctly for only some of the closest sites (located within about 2 000 m of the source). The misfit is 0.18 in this case.
Uncertainty of the moment tensor inversion
As it was shown in the examples above, the inverted mechanisms contain implosive components. The important question is whether the presence of this component in the solutions is significant, or whether it could be an artefact of the inversion procedure.
The standard moment tensor inversion procedure gives only a single 'best' solution. Different factors (poor network coverage, error in source location, incorrect picking of P- or S-wave arrivals) allow the possibility that another mechanism could reproduce the observed polarities and amplitudes of seismic waves as well.
A simple technique was applied to analyse the uncertainty of moment tensor inversion in relation to the presence of the isotropic component. The 6-dimensional space of possible moment tensors (corresponding to the six components of the moment tensor) was sampled and thus a significant population (~1 000 000 samples) of possible mechanisms was created. All these mechanisms (moment tensors) were tested in terms of their ability to reproduce the amplitudes and polarities of the observed seismic signals.
A 'source type plot' offered by Hudson et al.6 was found to be useful for the visualization and interpretation of the test results. Examples are shown in Figures 4 and 5. The source type plot displays mechanisms according to their volume change (along the vertical axis) and deviation from a double couple (DC) source (along horizontal axis). Note that this plot visualizes only two dimensions of the 6-dimensional space of moment tensors. For instance, a single central point of the plot includes all DC sources - a variety of orientations of the fault planes and directions of slip vectors, plus a diversity of scalar seismic moments. The details of the source type plot are described in the overview?.
The strange rhombic shape of the plot is the result of a special design condition - the areas of the plot are proportional to probabilities of the mechanisms. This makes it possible to perform uniform sampling in the space of the axes of this plot and calculate the probabilities of different source types according to the areas.
The source type plot was divided into three equal-area regions (Figure 4 and 5): the upper region corresponds to explosive sources (e.g. blasts), the middle one to the deviatoric sources (e.g. shear failures), and the bottom one to implosive sources (e.g. pillar bursts). The numerical integration (summation) over these regions gives the probability of these source processes.
In summary, the analysis of the source mechanism's uncertainty in case of each event involved three steps:
Measuring amplitudes and polarities of P- and S-waves (the same as for the standard moment tensor inversion)
Testing of ~1 000 000 possible mechanisms against the measured amplitudes and polarities, and plotting the ones with the highest probabilities derived from the misfits on the source type plot (similar to those shown in Figures 4 and 5)
Quantification of the probability of the 'Explosion', 'Deviatoric', and 'Implosion' processes by means of summation of the probability densities in corresponding areas of the plot.
We demonstrate the application of this technique with the events shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The source type plot for the first (large) event (Figure 4) has a cluster of 'highly probable' mechanisms within the 'Implosion' region. The probability of mechanisms from the 'Deviatoric' and 'Explosion' regions is quite low. This indicates that moment tensor solution shown in the top of Figure 2 is well constrained in terms of presence of an implosive component, so the obtained implosive component could be considered as significant. This is reflected in the quantification of probabilities: 0.97 probability is assigned to the 'Implosion' source type, while only 0.03 is assigned to the 'Deviatoric', and 0.00 - to the 'Explosion' types (Figure 4).
The source type plot of the second (smaller) event (Figure 5) has a broad area of 'probable' mechanisms spreading along 'Deviatoric' and 'Implosion' regions. This indicates that besides the inverted ('Best MT') mechanism, a variety of other solutions (for instance 'Variant B' and 'Variant C' displayed in the figure) are also in agreement with the recorded seismic signals. In this case the confidence of the implosive component is less than for the previous (large) event - the probability of the 'Deviatoric' type is of the same order as probability of the 'Implosion' (0.35 vs. 0.59 - see Figure 5).
These procedures of moment tensor inversion and source type uncertainty estimation were applied to all the selected events.
It was found that the overwhelming majority of events contain implosive components (similar to the samples shown in Figures 2 and 3). The analysis of uncertainties of the solutions confirms that this feature is significant - the distributions of probabilities of the source types (Figure 6) indicate that:
Only a few events have a significant explosive component. These events (with one exception) also have significant deviatoric components, which indicate that the explosive component may be artificial
The 'Deviatoric' type is more common - 28 events (9 per cent of the total number) have a highest probability of being the 'Deviatoric' type. In general, these events are located further from the reef than other events
The majority of events are of the 'Implosion' type.
Analyses of particular pillar failure cases
In this section we briefly describe four seismic events for which underground information allowed particular pillars to be identified as the likely sources.
On 27 August 2009 an oversized (~ 5 x 5 m2) crush pillar dynamically failed in one of the deep levels of one of the mines. The pillar sidewall was ejected into the gully and into the stope for a distance of ~3 m (Figure 7). The network recorded a seismic event with moment magnitude 1.6. The event location is uncertain both in the north-east direction and the direction normal to the plane of the underground sensors, while the failed pillar is inside the 95 per cent location confidence region (Figure 7).
Five days later a neighbouring pillar of a similar size also failed in a similar fashion (Figure 7). This time a mw 1.8 seismic event had been recorded. As in the previous case, the location of the seismic source supports its association with the failed pillar, but does not exclude other options.
The largest of the four events, mw 2.5, occurred at the neighbouring mine on November 2 2009. In this case significant rockburst damage occurred along the sidewall of a haulage, positioned 18 m below an oversized crush pillar parallel to the tunnel (Figure 8). Several metres of the sidewall was shattered, and up to 2 m of broken rock was ejected along a plane of weakness parallel to the strata and just above the tunnel (Figure 9). On reef, the surrounds of the pillar also showed significant damage. At least 100 mm dynamic closure was observed on crushed concrete packs next to the pillar (Figure 10). Broken rock fragments from the pillar varied from very small pieces that could be scooped up like coarse grit (Figure 11) to fist-sized and larger. It appears that the pillar had a double effect on the tunnel. In the first place, the position of the pillar and its proximity to the tunnel caused anomalous stress concentration on the tunnel. Secondly, when the pillar failed the near field dynamic load on the already stressed pillar sidewall caused the observed dynamic failure (Figure 8). The location of the source of the seismic event is quite stable (Figure 8). The 95 per cent location confidence region spreads 250 m in the vertical direction, 170 m in the north-north-east direction, and 80 m in the east-south-east direction. The failed oversized pillar is within this region.
The fourth case is that of an mw 1.9 event on 27 March 2010, recorded at the same mine as Cases 1 and 2 described above. A dynamic failure of a crush pillar occurred with the event. Significant damage occurred in the E2 panel of a stope and severe damage in the gully next to the pillar in the E1 panel (Figure 12). The damage was in the form of broken rock, with fragment sizes varying from the centimetre scale to the metre scale, with most fragments being between 100 and 1000 mm in diameter. Timber props in the back area of the E1 panel opposite the failed pillar show dynamic shortening of up to 130 mm (Figure 13). The shortening was in the direction normal to the planar stope. The pillar sidewall was ejected along a plane of weakness which locally forms the stope hangingwall. This ejection mechanically scarred the (now exposed) plane of weakness leaving clear, fresh striations parallel to the direction of ejection. The naked tendons (parts of anchors exposed after the rock around most of their lengths has broken away - Figure 14) in the hangingwall above the gully were bent along this direction of ejection, i.e. parallel to the striations along the plane of weakness. The variation of this angle points backwards towards the pillar. Fractures observed in the remaining pillar in the E2 panel suggest the pillar is now failed throughout.
The location of the source of the mw 1.9 seismic event is uncertain (Figure 12), but since no other damage was observed in the general area of interest the association of the event with the failed pillar is reasonable.
Modelling of the source mechanisms
The observational cases described above are consistent with the hypothesis that pillar failure is a dominant component of the source of the recorded seismic events. To quantitatively verify this, modelling of seismic moment tensors for the observed pillar failures was done using a boundary-element stress modelling tool. The intention was to compare the geometry and magnitude of the modelled moment tensors with the corresponding characteristics of the observed moment tensors (i.e. inverted from the recorded waveforms as described previously).
Elastic stress modelling was performed for each of the considered cases using the in-house developed code (Integrated Static Stress Model - ISSM).
In each case the model took into account:
Regional (10 x 10 m2 cell size) mined out areas of Merensky Reef for the two mines considered
Virgin stress state as used by the mine rock mechanics practitioners. This included an anomalous K-ratio with the major principal stress being sub-horizontal.
Detailed (down to 1 x 1 m2 cell size) mining geometry at the time of the analysed pillar failure in its surroundings (within radius of ~150 m).
Two variants of the model were considered - with the pillar (initial state) and without it (final state).
The failed (removed) pillar was enclosed by a box with top and bottom surfaces laying parallel to the reef 11 m above and below it, respectively. The chosen box played the role of the 'source volume' (volume V with boundary Σ shown in the Appendix). The distributions of elastic displacement ((u(0) (x) and u(1) (x)) and traction (T(0) (x) and T(1) (x)) over the top and bottom surfaces of 'the source volume' were calculated for initial and final variants of the model, and their differences (Δu(x) = u(1) (x) - u(0) (x) and ΔT(x) = T(1) (x) - T(0) (x)) were used for the computation of the theoretical moment tensor according to the expression presented in the Appendix. The horizontal size of the 'source' box was chosen large enough to provide small amplitudes of Δu(x) and ΔT(x) over its perimeter and side sub-surfaces. In such a case the influences of the box sides in the moment tensor could be neglected.
To elucidate further we include Figure 15 showing, for the fourth case study, the relevant plans, and one section.
Comparison of the modelling results with both underground observations and seismic data is summarized in Table I.
The amount of closure measured underground and elastic convergence derived from the elastic models of the initial and final states (with and without pillar) are shown in the column 'umax' For all cases the observed closure is much higher than the elastic convergence. This is an expected result as the former involves inelastic fracturing of rocks around the excavations, which is not taken into account in the 'elastic' modelling (e.g. see Figure 1.3.7 of the handbook8).
Comparison of the synthetic moment tensors (i.e. derived from the numerical model) with the observed moment tensors (i.e. inverted from waveforms of seismic events) has many aspects.
One is the 'size' of the source expressed either in terms of seismic moment M or moment magnitude mw.
Other aspects are related to the geometry of the mechanism. Particularly to quantify the implosive nature of the pillar failure mechanisms we used a standard measure of volume change of the moment tensors7:
where M(ISO) is the amplitude of components of the isotropic part of the moment tensor, M(DEV) is the amplitude of the largest principal component of the deviatoric part of the moment tensor.
Orientations of the principal axes of both observed and synthetic mechanisms may be compared by means of their correlation with a hypothetical expected moment tensor Mij(CLVD). The latter describes the deviatoric component of the idealized pillar failure which has convergence only in the direction normal to the reef (top of Figure 16), i.e. the ride is neglected. Such an idealized mechanism will have the major principal axis of negative sign (compressive) oriented orthogonal to the reef, while the other two principal axes are of the same positive (dilatation) magnitude and located within the reef plane (centre of Figure 16). The similarity between the deviatoric part of the observed or theoretical mechanism Mij and the hypothetical expected mechanism Mij(DEV) was quantified using the normalized correlation coefficient:
where Mij(DEV) is the deviatoric part of the Mij.
As is seen from Table I, the scalar seismic moment of the modelled sources is 1.5-2.0 times higher than that estimated through seismological processing. This means that dynamic characteristics (amplitudes) of the recorded seismic waves may be explained by the modelled pillar failure only. Overestimation of the observed M value gives room for the tuning of the model. For instance, modelling of a partial (instead of complete) removal of the pillar should decrease the theoretical M value, reducing the difference between the modelled and estimated moments. Note, however, that the correspondence of the modelled to the seismologically estimated seismic moments is actually very good. It supports the pillar failure mechanism as the main contributor to the radiated low-frequency seismic waves.
The geometrical characteristics of observed and theoretical moment tensors are in agreement as follows:
Significant implosive components are present in the solutions. The volume change k is always negative and of the same order
The deviatoric component correspons to 'pancake-shape' deformation with sub-vertical P axis (with the exception of the observed mechanisms of the August 27 2009 event). This fits the hypothetical moment tensor Mij(CLVD) (reflected in high values of the correlation coefficient S). The opposite 'cigar-shape' type of deformation for the August 27 2009 event may be explained by a non-uniqueness of the inversion -similar to the case shown in Figure 5.
The inversion of a large number of moment tensors for events of different size (from mw 0.5 to mw 2.5) recorded in two platinum mines in the Rustenburg area in 2009 has shown that the implosive component dominates the source mechanisms of the majority of the events. An analysis of the uncertainties of the moment tensor inversions has confirmed the significance of this result.
Four cases of dynamic pillar failure were investigated in detail. In each case the observed damage, geometrical parameters of the pillar, and closure have been documented. An elastic stress model accounting for the mined-out reef at the time of the failure was derived. Pillar failure was modelled by completely removing the pillar from the model. The resulting elastic displacement and stress change were converted to a theoretical moment tensor. In each case the magnitude (scalar seismic moment) and geometry (ratio between isotropic and deviatoric components, shape, and orientation of the deviatoric component) of the theoretical moment tensor is in general agreement with corresponding characteristics of the observed moment tensor (i.e. inverted from the waveforms of seismic events correlated with the pillar failure).
The results confirm that dynamic failure of pillars may be the general source of large and medium size seismic events recorded in the mines studied. However, the possibility of other source models is not excluded. For instance, shear failure in the proximity of the reef (within a fraction of the analysed seismic wavelengths, e.g. ~10 m for small events and ~50 m for large events) could also be described by a moment tensor with implosive component. Local-scale seismic observations constraining the vertical coordinate of seismic sources should be fruitful in discrimination between these two mechanisms (pillar failure and shear failure in the vicinity of the reef).
It is interesting to note a difference between the source mechanisms at these platinum mines and in deep-level gold mines of the Witwatersrand. Most of the large and medium size seismic events recorded in the gold mines have considerable deviatoric components in the moment tensors10. The geometry of this component (orientation of nodal planes and principal axes) makes it generally possible to associate the events either with a shear fracture of intact rocks ahead of mined-out panels (Ortlepp shear) or with a slip on geological structure.
The work has been done as a part of ISS International Ltd's self-funded research project 'Routine Modelling of Seismic Hazard'.
We are thankful to the rock engineers of the mines studied for organizing underground visits to investigate the pillar failure cases. The discussions of the cases with them were interesting and fruitful. We express gratitude to Gys Basson and Hermann Rabe from ISS International Ltd and the Institute of Mine Seismology for the modelling work.
1. McGarr, A. Moment tensors of ten Witwatersrand mine tremors. Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol. 139, no. 3/4, 1992. pp. 781-800. [ Links ]
2. Van Aswegen, G. and Meijer, O. The mechanisms of seismic events around faults in mines. Proceedings of the International Conference Eurock '94, 1994. pp. 605-613. [ Links ]
3. Sileny, J. and Milev, A. Seismic moment tensor resolution on a local scale: Simulated rockburst and mine-induced seismic events in the Kopanang gold mine, South Africa. Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol. 163, 2006. pp.1495-1513. [ Links ]
4. Julia, J., Nyblade, A.A., Durrheim, R.J., Linzer, L., Gok, R., Dirks, P., and Walter, W. Source mechanisms of mine-related seismicity, Savuka Mine, South Africa. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 99, 2009. pp. 2801-2814. [ Links ]
5. Aref, K., Spottiswoode, S.M., and Jager, A.G. A comparison of seismicity in two mines in the Bushveld Igneous Complex using different pillar systems. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Applied Rockbursts Research, Santiago, Chile, May 12 1994. pp. 113-125. [ Links ]
6. Hudson, J.A., Pearce, R.G., and Rogers, R.M. Source type plot for inversion of the moment tensor. Journal of Geophysical Research., vol. 94(B1), 1989. pp. 765-774. [ Links ]
7. Julian, B.R., Miller, A.D., and Foulger, G.R. Non-double-couple earthquakes. 1. Theory. Reviews of Geophysics, vol. 36, 1998. pp. 525-549. [ Links ]
8. Jager, A.J. and Ryder, J.A. A handbook on rock engineering practice for tabular hard rock mines. Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee, Johannesburg, 1999. [ Links ]
9. Aki, K. and Richards, P.G. Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Methods. University Science Books, Mill Valley, California, 2002. . [ Links ]
10. Rebuli, D. and Malovichko, D. Slip-type vs fracture-type seismic events -testing the discrimination for a mine in Welkom area. Presentation at SANIRE2010, Northwest Branch. South African National Institute for Rock Engineering, Village Club, Western Levels, 14 October 2010,. [ Links ]
Seismic moment tensor for a pillar failure
Seismic radiation from any dynamic process inside some volume V may be completely described using the time history of displacement and traction over the boundary Σ of this volume. There are two rules for selection of V and Σ:
Behaviour of the medium outside the Σ is assumed to be elastic
The size of V is smaller than the wavelength of seismic waves used for seismological analysis.
The low-frequency part of seismic radiation could be described using difference/drop in displacements Δu(x) and tractions ΔT(x) on the Σ between initial and final states. This is equivalent to assuming a step-like behaviour of displacement and traction time histories, i.e. u(x, t) ≈ u(0) (x) + Δu(x) · H(t) and T(x, t) ≈ T(0) (x) + ΔT(x) · H(t), where H(t) is a Heaviside step function.
In the case of a pillar failure the selection of 'the source volume' shown in Figure A1 may be used.
The moment tensor is calculated from the Δu(x) and ΔT(x) distributions on the Σ1:
where n(x) is the inward normal to the Σ, ξ(0) is the point inside the Σ (centre of V may be chosen), λ(x) and μ(x) are the Lame elastic moduli, δij is the Kronecker delta tensor.
This paper appeared in the Special Student Edition of The SAMM Journal, vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 309-322, titled 'Influence of gadolinium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of steel and stainless steel', by Z. Khan.
The author omitted to include the co-authors' names.
The co-authors should be listed as follows:
Z. Khan
School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand
J.W. van der Merwe
School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand and
A. Kapito
Advanced Materials Division, Mintek.


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[Vancouver, B.C.] Classen's Berlin, Germany-based mega mill is now capable of annually producing 1 billion square feet of digitally-printed laminate flooring – more than enough to fill U.S. demand by itself – and landing it at the door of American distributors at 59 cents a square foot through its North American division, inhaus, based here. Classen, which has four warehouses scattered across the U.S., is also preparing to celebrate its 50th anniversary next year.
"All of the big laminate manufacturers suffer from the same disease – if you're going to be competitive you need to be a monster facility and always working on your production costs. The production guys always want to run one color once a year. But we've taken great efforts to be flexible without losing efficiency. Everyday we're doing hand scraped, highly automated embossed-in-registration (EIR) and it doesn't cost us anymore," said Derek Welbourn, CEO, inhaus.
Though one of the originators of laminate flooring, Classen's worldwide activities -- which include facilities in France, Poland and Russia – remained low-key until publicly settling an ongoing intellectual property dispute with Sweden-based Välinge at Domotex Hannover 2012. In the settlement, both parties recognized Classen's early development of the "fold down" drop locking system and agreed to joint license the technology.
"Classen was the first to have an 'angle drop' locking system," said Welbourn. "Our opinion was that our intellectual property superseded everyone else. We can say that with confidence because we won all the court cases. At the end of the day we joint licensed and we classify the technology MegaLoc and Välinge used 5G. We're sharing the intellectual property."
While historically Classen has served as a low cost OEM manufacturer serving the likes of Pergo and other name brands, it is steering away from that direction and interested in developing the inhaus brand with North American distributors, according to Welbourn.
"inhaus is our exclusive brand to distributors and we're playing it up. We're doing less and less OEM because it's not a long term strategy. It comes and goes and we really want to work on our branding," he said.
To its advantage, not only does inhaus come in under price, it has unique product such as its seven-foot Long Plank and a revolutionary waterproof collection due out in 2014.
"One of the keys to our success is getting the most out of technology. Digital printing is huge. We can do small production runs without losing efficiency. And we're now investing millions of dollars in waterproofing. We're figuring it out," he said.
With a billion square feet of underpriced capacity, it's no surprise – or secret – that Classen has found its way to America's home centers. Still, managed properly, it has not been an issue for inhaus distributor partnerships, according to Welbourn.
"There are no secrets. I tell our distributors, Classen product is in the home centers," said Welbourn. "We're super big on distributor partnerships. We work well with our distributors. Our philosophy has always been a profitable customer is a happy customer."
Cal Hughes, president of Salt Lake City, Utah-based Hughes Western, said "Classen is a tremendous European manufacturer. They're the reason we got away from Chinese supply. They have stock and we can draw product from Calhoun, Ga. or Phoenix, Ariz. It is an exciting program."


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Dillinger Days Will Close Roads in Downtown Tucson
The event commemorates the capture of the notorious bank robber in Tucson.
The event commemorates the capture of the notorious bank robber in Tucson.
Iconic tile dome retained, original color restored as part of preservation project.
The state inked a deal to open access to historical census, school, marriage, prison data.
Exhibit, Jan. 2 - April 8, features fringe-top surreys from "Oklahoma!"
Volunteer was among thousands who worked on Civil War-era records for database.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: A Tucson organic farm with a mission; and the harmonious sound of The Reveille Men's Chorus.
Volunteers in period costumes will be making things with colonial techniques.
Hundreds gather at University of Arizona to dedicate site honoring those who died at Pearl Harbor.
Medallions will mark every person killed on the ship during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: A veteran's eye witness account of the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor; the lasting legacy of uranium mining in the Navajo nation.
One of few remaining survivors from the attack shares his story.
Plus, USS Arizona memorial exhibits and events.
An atypical interment of an enemy could be an attempt to gain prestige through defiance.
Event-goers can taste and learn traditional recipes at the Mission Garden.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: "Feeding Our Future" looks at turning garbage into gardens; Chris Dashiell explores the Hollywood "star system"; and a poetic essay from playwright Robert Beverly.
Also on Arizona Spotlight: The Secret Origin of "Bear Down!"; and Feeding Our Future asks if the answer to food shortages in Southern Arizona may be right in front of us...
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About the Author: Suzanne Hall serves as the Public Diplomacy Advisor for Canada and Mexico in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.
Secretary Clinton flew to Canada to participate in the 100th anniversary of the Boundary Waters Treaty between the United States and Canada on June 13, 2009. The ceremony could not have taken place in a more beautiful setting: the Rainbow Bridge overlooking Niagara Falls.
The Secretary arrived early in the morning and proceeded directly to the bridge. Officials from both sides of the border — including Canadian Foreign Minister Cannon, legislators, governors, provincial premiers and mayors — were on hand for the celebration.
A brass ensemble from the National Academy Orchestra of Canada kicked off the event with a musical arrangement. Mayors from communities on either side of Niagara Falls then walked in, accompanied by an Honor Guard. Canadian Mayor Ted Salci from Niagara Falls, Ontario and Mayor Paul Dyster, representing Niagara Falls, New York, spoke to the importance of the Boundary Waters Treaty. Both talked about how U.S. and Canadian citizens have all benefited from its application over the last century.
The main event then began, with a processional from either end of the Rainbow Bridge. The two delegations — including Secretary Clinton and Foreign Minister Cannon — met in the middle of the bridge to shake hands. A binational honor guard then sang the national anthems from both of our countries and presented the colors. During her remarks, Secretary Clinton noted that over the last 100 years, the Boundary Waters Treaty has successfully prevented and resolved boundary waters disputes between Canada and the United States. Thanks to the Boundary Waters Treaty, our two countries have been able to smoothly move forward with important projects including dams. Of equal importance, the Boundary Waters Treaty is an important vehicle through which the U.S. and Canada seek to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of our shared waters.
The final moments of the ceremony were perhaps the most moving, providing a beautiful tribute to the importance of our shared water resources to Native Americans and Canadians. A young man named Ryan, a member of the Tuscarora tribe, read from the Haudenosaunee Thanksgiving Address, a Native poem praising the Earth. The portion of the poem talking about water was particularly poignant. Ryan read:
"We give thanks to all the Waters of the world for quenching our thirst and providing us with strength. Water is life. We know its power in many forms — waterfalls and rain, mists and streams, rivers and oceans. With one mind, we send greetings and thanks to the spirit of water."
The ceremony closed with the sound of carillon bells above Niagara Falls. The centennial celebration — held in a spectacular location — served to highlight the breadth and depth of the U.S.-Canadian bilateral relationship.
Rosemary in New Jersey writes:
Thanks Suzanne. The description is beautiful. I hope we'll see video. That was the first border I ever crossed in my life! I LOVE The Rainbow Bridge!
Amanda in Canada writes:
I'm glad to see that someone's paying attention. As usual Hillary's picking-up the slack on issues that need to be addresed between out two countries...it seems like the Democrats have had all the worlds problems dumped on them all at once. I'm hoping that people will start considering that when they don't get what they want/need as fast as they get a hamburger from McDonalds. Although Hil, that was pretty fast.
Laura in U.S.A. writes:
PLease put black over white background. This dark layout get hard to read after a while.
Palgye in South Korea writes:
it`s very good scene to regional economic conditions improve...and also, we never neglecting political side....to the voter (80% of manufactering works of woker)
In the lower part the writing to write shortly from before thought will hang with thought is born as it is and tries. Now well the arrangement is not but four. (To before 22years ago, i seen the photo, people gathering to the Big Lakes for preventing flood, takes all measures, last with means, pray to the God)
The first time does a short-term confrontation with the management which material circle is efficient and (Canada the material circle is abundant and that the recycling ratio of material circle low-end will hang with is famous, is knowing), mid-long term in former times as cause of flood logging magnificent (?) Escapes from the fact that does a a little plants more tree, again flood (?) Does being born will not be the method? (Justly thinks the removal which contaminated circle is basic the medulla control chart which leads the thing in parallel) Last, in order to solve the drought which is caused with change of climate the Administration of now powerfully, is thought. that must encourage the establishment of the new and renewable energy circle which is propelling a little. End easily only does, is many will be been difficult and, will hang and with to be knowing thinks only, to consider the peculiarity of that area does not happen the work must stop repeatedly happens the thing which will be difficult (politics and economy) anti-must do thought holds.
thank you... giving to me a opportunity of saying...
Johnson writes:
Its help to people ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
S.E. in Canada writes:
A very encouraging and positive step in the right direction.


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The Buccaneers have scored on their opening drive in each quarter of this ballgame. Once again, this one has come on the foot of Connor Barth. Barth connected from 42 yards out to make it a 16-3 game.
The drive began at the 20 yard line after a touchback and the offense got things rolling quickly. Josh Freeman his Mike Williams on his first pass for a 23-yard gain. Williams is now just four yards away from having a 1,000-yard season.
Freeman converted a third-down pass to Doug Martin over the middle to bring them into Falcon territory and WR Vincent Jackson caught his first pass of the day for 15 yards.
The drive stalled at the Falcon 24-yard line before Barth knocked his third field goal of the day. The Falcons will take over, down 13, with 10:52 remaining in the third.


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The Washington State Constitution - 1889
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In December of 1888, Congress introduced an act to "enable" Washington, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana to become states. Among other requirements, Congress asked each prospective state to draft and ratify a state constitution.
An election was held to choose 75 delegates to frame a constitution for the State of Washington. The elected delegates assembled on July 4, 1889 in the Territorial Capitol Building in Olympia and labored through the hot summer to draft a constitution which would form the basis for all future Washington laws. On August 23, 1889, the convention concluded its work.
Miles C. Moore, the last governor of Washington Territory, called for an election to be held on October 1, 1889 to ratify the state constitution and elect the officers of the new state government. A vote of 40,152 to 11,879 approved the Washington State Constitution.
A certified copy of the Constitution of the State of Washington was sent by courier to President Harrison whose approval was necessary before Washington was proclaimed a state. Days went by with no word; finally on November 4, 1889 a message was received, stating that Governor Moore forgot to sign the Constitution and President Harrison could not approve it. Overnight a new copy was prepared (in long-hand since there were no copying machines in 1889), and it was sent to the President by courier the next day.
On November 11, 1889 the President issued a proclamation declaring Washington's Constitution approved. The State of Washington was admitted to the Union.
Washington's 1878 Constitution
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In 1877 Orange Jacobs, Washington's Delegate to Congress requested an enabling act which would allow Washington to become a state as soon as a state constitution was drafted and ratified by the voters. At the same time, an act was passed by the Washington Territorial Legislative Assembly to convene a constitutional convention.
Without waiting for action by Congress, Washington's voters elected fifteen delegates who met in Walla Walla in the summer of 1878 and drafted a constitution. In November, 1878, the voters overwhelmingly approved the constitution with a vote of 6537 in favor, and 3236 opposed.
Although never approved by Congress, the 1878 Constitution is an important historical document which shows the political thinking of the time. It was used extensively during the drafting of Washington State's 1889 Constitution, the one and only "official" Constitution of the State of Washington.
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Hunt 6706: Once-in-a-lifetime species Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep
Nine Mile, Range Creek
Season dates
11-15-2014 to 11-30-2014
- Nonresident permits: Yes
- Resident permits: 6
- Nonresident permits: 1
- Total permits: 7
New Hunt
Type: Once-in-a-lifetime species
Species: Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep
Weapon: Any legal weapon
Nine Mile, Range Creek
DescriptionCarbon, Duchesne, and Emery counties Boundary begins at exit 164 on I-70 near the town of Green River west on I-70 to US-6 north and west on US-6 to US-191 north on US-191 to Argyle Canyon Road southeast on this road to Nine Mile Canyon Road east on this road to its end near Bulls Canyon and Nine Mile Creek east along this creek to the Green River south along this river to Swasey�s Boat Ramp and the Hastings Road south on this road to SR-19 south and east on SR-19 to Exit 164 on 1-70 near the town of Green River. This hunt is comprised of all or largely private property. Hunters should acquire written permission from the landowner before applying for this hunt. Excludes all CWMUs. USGS 1:100,000 Maps: Huntington, Price, Seep Ridge. Boundary questions? Call Price office, 435-613-3700. This map is provided for general reference only and does not constitute a legal hunt boundary. The Division does not guarantee access to any private or public land. Hunt unit boundaries may include private property or other excluded areas.
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'Mad Money' Lightning Round: I'm Flying With US Airways
Search Jim Cramer's "Mad Money" trading recommendations using our exclusive "Mad Money" Stock Screener.
NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- Here's what Jim Cramer had to say about some of the stocks callers offered up during the "Mad Money Lightning Round" Wednesday evening:
Halcon Resources
Hertz Global Holdings
Whiting Petroleum
Plains All American Pipeline
Dole Food
Williams Companies
US Airways Group
To read a full recap of "Mad Money" on CNBC, click here.
To sign up for Jim Cramer's free Booyah! newsletter with all of his latest articles and videos please click here.
To watch replays of Cramer's video segments, visit the Mad Money page on CNBC.
-- Written by Scott Rutt in Washington, D.C.
To email Scott about this article, click here: Scott Rutt
Follow Scott on Twitter @ScottRutt or get updates on Facebook, ScottRuttDC


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La Blanca Retro Stripe Hipster
Style: 570069706
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Roll-band hipster fits sleek and smooth in La Blanca's ultra-soft stretch fabric. Pairs with the Retro Stripe Banded Halter.
- Fully lined.
- Made by La Blanca.
- 84% Nylon, 16% Elastane. Hand wash, cold; lay flat to dry. Imported.
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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (80 votes).
In short: A great run in the countryIn full: Whilst I accept the earlier point re bottles vs cups I don't think is relevant for a 10k race.Date of review: September 28, 2009
In short: Good race, lovely scenery, lack of crowd around the course , but a nice day outIn full: Got there early (8.30) so no problems with collecting number. However, am not a fan of this as i feel a necessity to arrive extra early. Better start but still crowded on at least first km. Plenty of marshalls but lack of spectators. Good finish apart from the goody bag!!! Where are te full results, any help please. Have never found the onestepbeyond the easiest race/website to navigate.Date of review: September 27, 2009
In short: Great 10k very scenicIn full: Will do it again next year,they seem to have solved the queue problem for the numbers and chips from last year goodie bag was great vast improvement only complaint was water station cups are no good! you can not get a good drink, bottles please i will gladly pay £1 extra if need be for one.Date of review: September 27, 2009
In short: GloriousIn full: A well organised race with friendly people and a lovely course set in beautiful forest. The track was all tarmac-under-tree and playfully undulating. The "momento" - half a tonne of sculptured glass - wow!Date of review: September 27, 2009
In short: I got a PB so no complaints and was pleasantly surprised after reading last year's comments. The scenery was gorgeous! Date of review: September 27, 2009
In short: A great scenic, undulating runDate of review: September 27, 2009
In short: Nice mix of woods and roads, great finishing straight.Date of review: November 2, 2008
In short: Really enjoyed the actual run but let down by organisationIn full: first race for 3 years. Enjoyed the race itself, other runners very friendly. Glad I got there early so no problems with getting chip and number, but annoyed at having to wait 15 mins extra in que at start. For the cost would have saved a lot of messing and time if chips sent out prior to race. T-shirt was a little disappointing. Apart from that had a good day met some nice people. Date of review: October 2, 2008
In short: Same comments as other people as to the organisation. The run was good thoughDate of review: September 30, 2008
In short: Such a shame about the run up to the start.In full: Predictable chaos before the start - I hate to knock organisers / volunteers but the handing out of numbers / chips was a debacle.Once off it's such a good run. Pleasantly undulating and great scenery. The kids love it.Date of review: September 29, 2008
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Welcome Spring with two new Garrett Popcorn seasonal treats — White Chocolate Covered CaramelCrisp and our Signature Spring Tin!
For our new season flavor, luscious White Chocolate coats our sweet CaramelCrisp® for a taste that is pure heaven.
Our new Signature Spring Tin is available in our 1 Gallon size, and will be in Shops and online while supplies last. The bright, vibrant colors of this new Tin are perfect for the warmth and joy that comes with the season!
To enjoy these limited time specials, POP by one of our Shops or visit us online at GarrettPopcorn.com!