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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $0.72 (4% off)
Rehmannia is well underrated these days...
Posted by PracticalReviews on Oct 26, 2013
i am familiar with Rehmania as a tea and i can easily feel the rehabilitation in my adrenal & strength.it is not an adaptogen for me,more like a rehabilitation after a long day when there is still a couple of hours to with more than enough tasks,so Rehmannia gives me the power back in a calm way with no jitters at all. this product/formula is slow working and you need to give it a few weeks to feel the difference on a regular intake.a bit pricey but it works for you it is worth it...you are welcome to rate & read my other reviews
Very Helpful
Posted by Reviewer1156698 on Jul 29, 2011
I have hyperhydrosis in my hands and feet and since I have been using Rehmannia Six Combination for about 2 months now since the beginning of June 2011 it has been working great. It took about a week for the herbs to kick in, but once it did I noticed a big difference. Only thing is when I am about to come on my monthly cycle my hands and feet still sweat but not as bad prior to this herb. When it is extremely hot outside too I still sweat a lot. Also iHerb offers the lowest prices and the most inexpensive shipping.
winner for menopause symptoms
Posted by Reviewer3213560 on Jan 03, 2013
Really helps rid you of the hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms. Am currently taking this along with shou wu formulation and magu's secret and feel very balanced and sleep well. Dragon herbs have excellent products.
Great for adrenals
Posted by 5472773624811810040 on Oct 17, 2013
The dark circles under my eyes are fading
Rehnannia Six Combination.is a winner in my book!!!
Posted by Reviewer2860417 on Dec 03, 2011
I have been taking this product for at least 6 mos. now and can really feel the difference!!! feel like my hormones are much more in balance as they should be. Will always use this product now!!!!
No Guarantee of Safety
Posted by Reviewer1013890 on Feb 25, 2015
After having bought this product recently I noticed on the label that the use of this product can expose you to lead which is a toxic heavy metal pollutant. China acknowledged that a staggering one-fifth of its arable land is seriously polluted with heavy metals, thanks to decades of aggressive industrial development. Dietary supplements can pose even more of a risk of heavy metal contamination than food because they are so highly concentrated. If the materials from which they are made are contaminated, the contaminants will be concentrated. I want to take supplements to make me healthier, but not jeopardize it. Therefore, I will not take this product and have discarded it.
Posted by Reviewer1144092 on Oct 21, 2013
My 1st Dragon Herbs product and I will for sure buy this again and try others from them. I felt it working from the 1st capsule I took. Kind of calming and feel good overall.
Used to be good, now I am not sure
Posted by Reviewer2717173 on Jun 18, 2016
This used to be a very good product, as most of the Dragon Herbs collection, but I´ve noticed that they have added something to their products (i think it´s bamboo powder) (not updated info on the iHerb site), and now I don´t get the same effect with their products. I may be wrong, but I really don´t like their new additives. Taste is also very different. I wish they would go back to the former versions.
Very good
Posted by 4849302807462110576 on Apr 13, 2015
Very helpfull for my kidneys !!!!
Mrs Gurney
Posted by 4726680676968325426 on May 13, 2015
I bought this product hoping it would replace one I currently use but unfortunately I can't. I do use this in conjunction with my other products though.


text: Hi Paul, A question with no correct answer - buy new, keep old? Think this comes down to a personal choice. In the past 6 months I have spent close to £1000(GBP) on the GPZ1100(E1) I bought last summer for £1750. Friends, parents and colleagues have all told me I should "sell the bike, take the loss on the chin and buy a newer model". If I was one of them I would probably be saying the same thing but I don't know, there is something between my big blue beautiful baby and me. Perhaps it is the knowledge of the heritage of the bike, fastest production bike (for a short time at least), amazing pull through all the rev range or maybe it's just because it's my first big bike but no matter the reasoning I'm still looking to spend another £600 on downpipes and fitting to get rid of that broken baffler. When does the cost of motoring dictate a new motor? Never! If you love it, the money is not a waste otherwise sell up and move on. Have fun and take care, whether thats on your GPZ or new beast. BTW are those headers 4-1 or 4-2? Looking for replacement downpipes for my Nexxus cans so if they fit I would suggest getting rid of your GPZ and letting me buy it XD Cheers, Rob Justice System Administrator (GEMS) - PGDS Finance Craigforth, Stirling, SCOTLAND, FK9 4UE Tel: 01786 405109 (81 5109) E-mail: robert.justice at uk.pgds.com Message: 2 Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 07:08:43 -0500 From: "Paul S. Elsberry" <pselsberry at comcast.net> Subject: GPZ Thoughts To: "GPZ List" <gpzlist at micapeak.com> Message-ID: <2D37320C5F2B491993D13AAA9A082886 at PLaptop> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Hey guys, I have been thinking lately about what to do with my GPZ. As some of you may remember, I have a minor oil leak at on of the oil line banjo bolts and have thought about rebuilding on some new cases that I got off Ebay. But so far the bike has been running pretty good and the leak is just a couple of drops when parked. The real problem is that I do not want to take it off the road and get the rebuild done, way too much fun riding it and the leak hasn't caused any real problems other than causing me to check the oil more frequently. So here is the question - do I take it off the road and get the rebuild done and do some other stuff to it also, like install the ZZR1200 headers and spend $400 on slipons. Or do I just keep riding it and sell the parts on Ebay and save for another bike ?? At the show this weekend the wife really took a liking to a couple that were there, as she has never really been comfortable on the bike for more than an hour or so, she really wants a more upright seating position. So what would you do - ride it and save for a new bike, then work on the GPZ, or put the money into the GPZ now and wait until spring 2010 to look at something else? Hoping that clear ice free days are in your forecast!! Paul in MD *************************************** ------------------------------------------------------------ This email is confidential and should not be used by anyone who is not the original intended recipient. PGDS cannot accept liability for statements made which are clearly the sender's own and not made on behalf of the company. In addition no statement should be construed as giving investment advice within or outside the United Kingdom. PGDS (UK ONE) LIMITED, Laurence Pountney Hill, London, EC4R 0HH. Incorporated and registered in England and Wales. Registered Office as above. Registered number 1967719. "PGDS" is the trading name of certain subsidiaries of Prudential plc (registered in England, number 1397169), whose registered office is at Laurence Pountney Hill London EC4R OHH, some of whose subsidiaries are regulated by the Financial Services Authority. Prudential plc is not affiliated in any manner with Prudential Financial, Inc, a company whose principal place of business is in the United States of America. A list of other Prudential companies together with their registered statutory details can be found in 'About Prudential' on http://www.prudential.co.uk An e-mail reply to this address may be subject to interception or monitoring for operational reasons or for lawful business practices. ------------------------------------------------------------ -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: image/jpeg Size: 12795 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://micapeak.com/pipermail/gpzlist/attachments/20090113/29730230/attachment.jpe

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ACC Board adopts new Values, Vision statements
ALPENA – Alpena Community College Board of Trustees adopted a Statement of Vision and Values for the college which was discussed in a previous retreat session and has been revised since the last board meeting. The new statements are as follows:
Vision: To be recognized in our local and global communities as the premier resource and first choice for exceptional, affordable, and innovative education.
> We demonstrate accountability to all our stakeholders, students, staff, business partners, industry alliances, and taxpayers.
> We act with integrity, placing fairness and honesty at the center of all our actions.
> We aspire to excellence in all our endeavors.
> We show respect for diversity, individual contributions, and educational partnerships.
These new statements will be published by personnel and are also used in the accreditation process as a way of proving the audited institution meets the criteria.
"It's nice to see the trustees' work come to fruition," President Olin Joynton said.
Timing for releasing the new Vision and Values statements appropriately came in April, which is recognized nationally as "Community College Month." The ACC board decided to follow the national community college movement, which celebrates its 112th birthday this year, by designating April at ACC as "Community College Month" and will be promoting the unique contributions of the college to the public.
Further action items included concern on the state of a water damage/leakage issue at one of the campus buildings. After numerous leaks and years of repairs to the Huron Shores Campus Building's over 20 year-old roof, the board has determined that the entire roof needs replacing.
"There is water in the ceiling tiles on the newly renovated third floor," Joynton said. "Without any further delay, we're bringing this for action as soon as possible."
The college will contract for an independent evaluation of the water damage to the insulation on the roof, in which no more than 25 percent of the insulation is expected to be replaced for less than $3,000.
About 10,228 square feet of roof needs to be replaced and covered in a rubberized material with at least a 10-year warranty.
A preliminary quote set the project at a cost of just under $39,000, and the requests for proposals are being evaluated by vendors. The board expects bids to be in before the end of April and hopes to evaluate and accept a bid, as long as it is below the projected cost. To prevent further damage to the roof and building, work will begin as soon as possible after a bid has been accepted. Funding for the project will come from the Maintenance and Replacement Fund.
In other business:
> Lisa Brege was hired in March as an ESP1 Secretary for Student Support Services, The Learning Center, Nursing, Med Asst. programs
> Computer Aided Design Student Tyler Smith worked with Instructor David Cummins and ESI Director Brian Van Wormer to secure a job at Omni Metalcraft while finishing his degree through the college
> a group of 10 young women attended a Young Women, Strong Leaders Conference last Friday at Lake Superior State University
> Student Leadership is holding a Talent Show on April 24, at 7 p.m. at Granum Theater to raise money for Relay for Life
> Board Chairman John Briggs commended the donors and recipients who attended the scholarship reception and luncheon as being part of a "first class act," and praised the growing number of people in attendance for the reception
> general fund expenses are down from last year in March by $287,145, and month to month comparisons are tracking as expected
> gifts and pledges from 52 donors between March 13, and April 11, totaled $45,509.73
Nicole Grulke can be reached via email at email@example.com or by phone at 358-5687. Follow Nicole on Twitter @ng_alpenanews.


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Wish You Were Here – An Interview with Geoff Winningham
The following blog was contributed by Adriane Smith.
Photographer Geoff Winningham recently visited George Eastman House as a guest lecturer for the Wish You Were Here travel photography lecture series. While he was in town we had a chance to sit down with him to talk about his life and work.
As a still photographer, filmmaker, photojournalist, and teacher Geoff Winningham has a way of capturing iconic culture and ritual images. He has taught photography at Rice University since 1969 and produced three documentary films. Most recently, Winningham has photographed the Gulf Coast from the Texas/Louisiana border to southern Veracruz. His book, "Traveling the Shore of the Spanish Sea," is scheduled for publication this year. To learn more, visit Winningham's website at http://www.geoffwinningham.com/index.html.
"I'm a storyteller" Geoff Winningham said as he began his lecture as part of the Wish You Were Here lecture series at the George Eastman House. This is also how he described himself earlier that day when I talked to him about his work. Winningham's photography has been called iconic, and in an introduction to Winningham's collection A Texas Dozen, the critic Robert Adams wrote: "We nourish our faith in myth by an observation of ritual. Winningham, who records our participation in some of these sustaining rites, has given us pictures that are remarkable for both their clarity and kindness; they demonstrate the truth of Jacque Maritain's suggestion that 'art is a virtue like friendship.'" I happen to agree with Adams' assessment; so early on in our conversation, with all this in mind, I asked Winningham what he thinks makes images-his images in particular-iconic. "Iconic-that's a heavy word" he replied. Although he was hesitant to call his own work iconic, he pointed instead to the historic 1945 photograph by Joe Rosenthal, "Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima," as an example of an iconic image in which he says the image represents something larger than the sum of its parts. He goes on to say that the central question of photography is "What do you photograph? What will be interesting for people to look at fifty years from now? It's the most ordinary stuff that is the essence of it. Everything becomes interesting in time."
When looking at Winningham's photographs one gets the feeling that capturing the "ordinary stuff" is not as easily achieved as it first appears-it's like, for example, when a gymnast makes that impossible double back flip look effortless. For Winningham it's an adventure: "It's what I live for; to get on the road and explore." Winningham's most recent adventure has been to record in words and images 1,500 miles of gulf coast between the Texas/Louisiana border and Veracruz, Mexico. He says, "I became, first of all, fascinated with a couple of points that I saw at different extremes-how totally different they were but then I realized that these two points were at the extremes of a coastline that had this huge and glorious history about it. In the east, people don't too much think about it and even on the gulf coast we're not aware of the fact that although Columbus, quote on quote, discovered America by landing where he did in San Salvador really the initial discovery and exploration of America happened along the gulf coast with Cortez and all the great explorers. So, there's this huge sense of history that's just hovering in the air like humidity-it's all over the place." Winningham captures the unique and often overlooked details as he travels. He looks for the forgotten vine-covered walls or walks down the less-traveled, dusty roads and he stops to record the stories of the people he meets.
"The one thing I do over and over again is I tell stories. My pictures are not individual images that stand on their own. They are stories. In my first book [...] I had been photographing wrestling for about a year. And I was tireless-totally tireless. One afternoon at about 5 o'clock I put myself in a room with some prints and layout paper and by dawn the next day I had the book. That's what it is to be 26 years old. What did I do? I told a story. I told a story that started with the stillness of the coliseum before it began. The hero-the protagonist-arrives. The matches begin. They progress. Some people win-some people lose. They fight to the end and it's over. It's a story. It's real simple story telling." Geoff Winningham is a storyteller with a deceptively simple formula-a formula in which the whole equals more than the sum of its parts.
To learn more about the upcoming Wish You Were Here guest lecturers, click here to go to the George Eastman House website. For more information on how to get involved with the Eastman Young Professionals, please contact us at email@example.com, or find us on Facebook. Thank you.
Adriane Smith is an adjunct English instructor at RIT. As a member of the Eastman Young Professionals, she has served on the Academy Awards Party planning committee, the photo group and the film group.


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Cam,Actually, you may be able to just store it, and you probably don't need to can it either... at least where botulism is concerned. I'm currently using 7/11 tomato sauce, and the sanitarian confirmed that I don't need to refrigerate the sauce when serving due to the pH being lower than 4.6 (http://www.fsis.usda.gov/factsheets/Clostridium_botulinum/index.asp). I had to contact the company to request a spec sheet that showed their 7/11 sauce is canned to below 4.6 (their accepted range is 4.0-4.4) and the sanitarian was fine with us not keep our sauce cold.When it comes to other types of contamination, however, there's still a potential likelihood (per Tom) depending on what contaminants you may have around when you pour it out into containers.For the record, I keep any sauce out of the can in the fridge until the day of use, just to be safe. Even if the sanitarian says we don't need to, it just makes me feel better.
@Camaro10, you had a thread complaining about Classico tomatoes losing their flavor, and now you're talking about buying #10cans of 6 in 1's ! They're the same tomatoes as Classico's, both are grown in California and both are marketed by Heinz. If you didn't like Classico's, I can't believe you will like the 6 in 1's!
I didn't say I didn't like, I said I couldn't be the flavor to stick, it was an error on my part.
Cam;If we are talking about just opening a #10 can of sauce or tomato product and pouring it into Mason jars, then capping and storing at room temperature I would say "NO WAY" as the probability of contamination is just too great. Now, if we are talking about sterilizing the jars and heating the sauce/tomato product to above 160F and then "canning" in an accepted manner, that's a whole different story and very doable.Tom Lehmann/The Dough Doctor
So this may be a dumb question but why can't store bought sauce in jars be opened and refrigerated? Is it bc they are loaded with preservatives?
Why can****
From the Classico site FAQ'sHow long can I keep this opened jar in my fridge?Maximum 3-5 days as there are no preservatives in the sauce. Marty
@Chicago Bob, please do a little experiment for me, take one of your week old mixtures of sauce and a freshly opened can of seasoned crushed tomatoes and taste them side by side. If the week old mixture doesn't taste more bitter than the fresh one, I'll eat the can! the tin can!
the same challenge goes for frozen sauce
Dave, I don't think there is a right or wrong here. What constitutes the best sauce is subjective. Believe it or not, there are likely members here that prefer to add lots of spices to their sauce, cook it, and then refrigerate it prior to using. I don't think it makes it any more wrong or right than those that prefer an uncooked sauce with very little to no spices.Chau


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Romantic Highlighted Curly Hairstyle
Here we have a cute and classy style. Her hair is long and curly. This is a formal hair style that can be worn anytime.Her hair has been layered. It is a long cut. This cut is very romantic.The hair is colored with two shades. A nice mocha chocolate brown with some highlights of auburn brown.


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The Forest is a volunteer-run, collectively-owned, free arts and events space masquerading as a vegetarian café. We provide a dedicated space for people to get involved in any creative activity imaginable. Our events have included music, theatre, dancing, yoga, massage, poetry recitals, art displays, knit-ins, book tours, language teaching, monsterbike making…and plenty more. We are looking for a new Kitchen Manager to be part of a small team responsible for the day to day running of the kitchen and cafe. You will be working with two other Kitchen Managers on a part time basis. Hours per week 18-27 @ £7 per hour.
Duties will include:
Day to day management of cafe
Volunteer co-ordination and training
Stock control and money handling
Cooking delicious food and menu development
Liaising with the public/ artists/ suppliers
Relevant Experience (not essential):
Experience working in a community arts cafe
Experience of working with volunteers
Experience of large scale catering
Bonus Points:
Knowledge of sound equipment
Food Hygiene/ First Aid Certificate
Putting on events and workshops
Getting people to draw crazy murals
Knitting socks
Making chutney...............you get the idea!!


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No cheering squad is louder or more enthusiastic than a bunch of kids (except maybe silly-hat-wearing, body-painted members of Red Sox nation during the World Series or Green Bay Packer fans when it snows at Lambeau Field). And the Olympics are the greatest event for kids to cheer.
Why? Because there's a sport for all of them. And it's something to dream about.
My first Olympic memory is watching Dave Wottle, in his white golf hat, run around the track during the 1972 Olympics. In a far-off land, in front of a packed and cheering stadium, Wottle simply ran around the track and crossed the finish line first. Even Jim McKay, commentating for ABC, sounded as if he leapt from his chair when Wottle won.
"I'm going to go to the Olympics in skiing, skating, or swimming," I announced as I watched our black-and-white TV (never mind that I only skied on occasional Saturdays in winter, ice skated on a friend's backyard pond, and swam in the summer, and never laps). "If I can't go in those sports, I'll make it in something easy, like track."
Because running around the playground wasn't very taxing, and Dave Wottle made it look easy. I remember my father chuckling.
As the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team prepares for Beijing, childhood enthusiasm for the Olympics is on full display at team processing at San Jose State University in California.
As the athletes pick up their Team USA gear and finish paperwork, they walk by walls hung with signed banners. Over the lounge hangs a Johnson & Johnson sponsor's banner covered in well-wishers' signatures. In the shipping room, where the athletes send home the items they don't wish to carry to China, hangs a long "Bring Home the Gold" banner from kids in Jacksonville, Florida.
But the greetings that are the most fun to read line the wall outside the alterations room, where the athletes are fitted for their opening ceremonies outfits.
These "Good Luck Team USA" cards were sent from Hilton Hotel families, and not only do they wish the athletes the best of luck, but they pass on the kind of advice heard from their parents.
"Good luck! I hope you win!" reads one, followed by, "You be kind to others, others will be kind to you!"
Another shows five cats lined up all meowing good luck. Underneath the cats, it says, "It is OK to be different."
"I hope you win but do not be shy!" encourages another. Next to it: "Good luck, I hope you win! Be hospitable."
Or this: "Have great luck in the Limpicks!"
It made me wonder what I might have written way back when (for the 1972 or '76 Limpicks). Or what I might say now, if given a crayon?
"Go Team USA. Make it look easy," followed by, "Look both ways before you cross the street."
Peggy Shinn is a freelance contributor for teamusa.org. This blog was not subject to the approval of the United States Olympic Committee or any National Governing Bodies


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Cellular pendant with gems.
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Available in optional models and Jewish talisman.
The Menorah/ Hanukia is one of the most popular symbols in the Jewish Jewelry.
High Quality Kabbalah.
Unique piece of Cellular pendant with Jewish gems from our famous Judaica collection in Jerusalem.
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If you're looking for a place to belong and atmosphere is important, then attending Wayland Baptist University – Lubbock Campus may be right for you. Choosing Wayland Baptist University means you'll be part of a family at one of the leading Christian colleges in Texas with a tradition of helping students prepare for professional success, lifelong learning, and service to God and humankind. We offer degree programs at the associate's, bachelors, and master's level.
Lubbock offers the following degrees:
( Accounting Specialization not offered at Lubbock Campus)
Our campus offers four 11 week terms per year allowing you to finish your college hours quicker. Classes are scheduled in flexible formats including evening, weekend, online, and hybrid instruction.
Evening classes are held Monday through Friday with some classes scheduled for Saturday.
Enjoy working on your own and need a more flexible schedule? Wayland is home to one of the fastest growing online Christian colleges in Texas with several online degree programs available. Learning online provides an alternative to the traditional classroom helping you reach your goals while managing a busy life. WBU online students have greater access to courses and programs helping them quickly earn credits toward their degree.
Whether you are a potential undergraduate student, graduate student, transfer student or just beginning your college search, Wayland Baptist University invites you to explore the opportunities we have available for you. Let us help you begin your academic career or finish a degree.
If you are interested in attending one of the top Christian colleges in Texas, get started today by scheduling an appointment with one of our academic advisors. Call today, 806-785-9285.
Lubbock Campus
801 North Quaker Avenue
Lubbock, TX 79416
The Lubbock Campus is open to enrollment for any student over the age of 18. We do not offer any type of traditional university student facilities (dorms and dining).
Required Coursework
Foundations of University Life -
is required for all Lubbock Campus undergraduate students during their initial term of enrollment!
Have You Updated Your Pioneer Alert?


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WCA Hosts Second Annual Strike Out Heart Disease Bowl-A-Thon
Why not celebrate National Hearth Month with a relaxing game of bowling?
The WCA Hospital will be hosting its second annual Strike Out Heart Disease Bowl-A-Thon on Monday at Fountain Bowl, beginning at 5 p.m.
According to Karl Sisson, director of development at WCA, one in four deaths each year in the United States is caused by heart disease.
"Each year, WCA Hospital tries to take the opportunity to host some kind of gathering for February, which is National Hearth Month," said Sisson. "We want to remind people that heart disease kills more Americans every year than any other disease. It's a blatant killer and needs to be better understood – we should all be finding ways to improve our heart health. WCA is not just there to care for you after you've experienced heart disease; we're here to try to educate you so you can avoid a life of heart disease. We love holding tributes to those who have fought and survived heart disease, but those events are usually pretty morose. We wanted to have a fun event that paid tribute to good heart health, so the Bowl-A-Thon was born out of that."
Sisson said that last year's Bowl-A-Thon was so much fun, that the hospital has decided to increase the number of games bowled this year by one. For $15, participants get to enjoy three games of bowling with shoes and some heart-healthy snacks. Additionally, a basket giveaway will take place during registration for the event.
The format of the Bowl-A-Thon is a Scotch Doubles format, which means that participants are allowed to sign up as a team of two or as an individual. Furthermore, if a large group would like to be grouped together on the same lanes, such requests can be accommodated.
"The format isn't about who is the best bowler, but rather about a lot of high-fiving and cheering for each other," said Sisson. "We're looking forward to it. We're back at Fountain Bowl, because they were great to us last year, and it was so much fun that we wanted to keep bowling, so we added another game."
Registration for the event is limited to the first 280 bowlers. According to Sisson, there is still plenty of room open. However those who would like to enter should have their registration forms in by Friday afternoon.
Registration forms can be found at www.wcahospital.org.


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First of all i would like to know what give matcha a creamy taste and mouthfeel? Do you know any chemical composition that resposible to this?
Second what is the most creamy matcha that you ever tried? Do you think the cultivar of tea effect this creamy quality apart from grades. From my personally experince one of the creamiest match that I tried come from Yama no Ibuki cultivar? so I would like to know is there any specific cultivar that give creamy tast?
Thank you verymuch
P.S sorry for my broken english as i'm not a native of it.


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Topic: Mutli-Dimension Arrays and Recursive Hashes?
I'm a PHP convert so I am used to having those two structures. Does anyone have any documentation on how/if these things are implemented in Ruby?
It's great to be able to do things like:
myArray[0] = [1,2,3,4]
myArray[1] = [1,2,3,4]
And access it like:
stuff = myArray[0][3]
And hashes like so:
myHash["key1"] = ["v1" => 1, "v2" => 2, "v3" => 3,"v4" => 4]
myHash["key2"] = ["v1" => 1, "v2" => 2, "v3" => 3,"v4" => 4]
value3 = myHash["key2"]["v3"]
I don't think any of the above is valid PHP (I have Ruby on the brain ), but you get the idea I hope. Is there a way to do things like that in Ruby (and consequently in Rails?)
Any information would be helpful. Thanks.


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Key Exchange
The easy way to do long point-to-point runs
For years I backpacked and ran trails throughout Northern Wyoming's Cloud Peak Wilderness Area, named after the stunning ...
Photo by Duane Raleigh
For years I backpacked and ran trails throughout Northern Wyoming's Cloud Peak Wilderness Area, named after the stunning 13,167-foot mountain of the same name. Later, I wanted to extend my forays across the region's spectacular Big Horn Mountains, the limiting factor wasn't fitness or desire— I just didn't feel like lugging the bulky camping equipment and required food for such long point-to-point runs.
So I concocted a new tactic—the load-lightening solution would be to pair up with a friend for a "key exchange" so we could do an entire trail in one day.
My 18-year-old daughter, Alyson, and I planned a 20-mile run through the heart of the wilderness area from Lower Paintrock Lake to West Ten Sleep Lake. I convinced my friend, Alan, from Las Vegas, Nevada, and another friend to run the same trail on the same day, but in the opposite direction. So on a summer morning, our two parties drove our cars to opposite ends of the trail, arriving at 8 a.m. The plan was to rendezvous at the halfway point and exchange car keys. Since the two trailheads are nearly 100 miles apart by road, shuttling a car from one trailhead to the other would have burned up precious daylight hours we needed to be on the trail.
After driving an hour east from Shell, Wyoming, to Lower Paintrock Lake trailhead, my daughter and I hit the trail, each carrying a small waist pack containing food and a few emergency supplies (toilet paper, small flashlight, map, emergency blanket, whistle, rain shell, dry socks and water filter) weighing less than four pounds.
Starting out with great enthusiasm, we cruised up the trail and made several river crossings over the No Wood and Ten Sleep rivers. As we ran through a meadow of wildflowers, a grazing cow moose eyed us suspiciously and took a protective stance in front of her young calf until we were at a safe distance away.


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0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Norma;No I didn't. I just caught the one that is posted above. With my very heavy and tight travel schedule right now (will continue through the entire first quarter) I don't have time to go back and read all of the earlier posts all the time. You are absolutely correct, it is a big thing to go from home pizza making to making pizza in a store. Anymore, I don't even encourage anyone to practice making pizzas at home in preparation for their store because so many things will ultimately change unless they have a taste for home made pizza. What a lot of people don't realize is that you can get away with a lot more in your home kitchen than you can in your store where you will be forced to crank out pizzas faster than leaves falling off of a tree in the fall, plus you are tasked with managing a lot more dough than just a few dough balls, and the end pizzas all have to be of consistent quality if you expect to get a good price for your pizzas. Right now I'm working with a company that is expanding from just a couple of stores to over 50 and now they have discovered that what they were doing previously in those two stores cannot be effectively managed across the number of stores they already have much less 50 stores.Tom Lehmann/TheDough Doctor
Than you for the info, I found a store that sells 50 lb bag of flour with high gluten, how high should the protein on it be? Also, what's up with gluten free flour
Shari23;You might try this:Change your flour to a stronger, bread type flour such as Pillsbury "Bread Flour" available at most supermarkets. This flour has about 12% protein content. To the flour, add 1-tablespoon of wheat gluten (also available at most supermarkets). If you can't get the gluten, don't sweat it.Adjust the water temperature to 105F.Put the active dry yeast into the water and stir well, then set aside for about 10-minutes, or until you see bubbles forming in the yeast suspension.Stir the yest suspension and pour into mixing bowl.Add flour and remaining ingredients and begin mixing the dough in your normal manner.Immediately after mixing, form the dough into a ball, lightly oil it and place it into a bread bag. Twist the open end into a pony tail to close it and tuck the pony tail under the dough ball as you place it into the refrigerator. Allow the dough to cold ferment overnight. The dough can be used over 24 to 48-hours. To use, remove the dough from the fridge, and allow to temper AT room temperature for about 2-hours, then turn the dough out of the bag into a bowl of dusting flour and open into pizza skin(s) for dressing and baking. Bake on a preheated stone in a HOT oven. You may need to experiment with the position in the oven.Tom Lehmann/The Dough DoctorQuote from: shari23 on February 28, 2014, 09:41:40 AMHere's my recipe: 1 cup water 120 degrees 2 tbsp. virgin olive oil 3 1/2 cups all purpose flour divided 1 package active dry yeast 1 tsp. sugar 1/2 tsp. saltI let rise 45 mins. in warm place than I put in frig overnight.I bought Pillsbury bread flour, on it the protein was 4, isn't that the same as aLl purpose flour?
Here's my recipe: 1 cup water 120 degrees 2 tbsp. virgin olive oil 3 1/2 cups all purpose flour divided 1 package active dry yeast 1 tsp. sugar 1/2 tsp. saltI let rise 45 mins. in warm place than I put in frig overnight.
Jon,I believe that the 4 grams of protein that Shari mentioned is the number of grams of protein per serving of the flour. Because of rounding, you can't do a simple calculation to arrive at the actual percent of protein of the flour in question. This is a matter that came up recently and was discussed in detail at http://www.pizzamaking.com/forum/index.php?topic=30417.msg303328#msg303328 .Peter
the nutritional protein content isn't the same thing as protein in the flour. one cup of flour may have 4g of protein (of your DV), but the protein in the flour can be at 8%. if you put one teaspoon of salt in a cup of flour, you have 290% of your daily value in sodium if you consume that cup of flour. but the cup of flour has ~4% salt. do you follow?read below.
I am still confused, I bought bread flour and the protein was 4 percent. It's a bit confusing doing the calculation. Also, they sell King Arthur flour in a small bag and it is quite expensive in my food store. I am going to try making a pizza Tom with the bread flour on my stone in regular oven. Will it make a foldable pizza crust or is the way in a pizza oven?
Your 4g was per serving of 30g of flour. 30 divided by 4 = 7.5%(this is how you compute protein %) Bread flour is waay more than 7.5% but as Peter pointed out....the producers are allowed to round/approximate and therefore you can not rely on what the bag says. OK?Bob
Sorry Bob. 4 grams of protein in a 30 gram serving is 4/30 = 13.33%.Also, I recommend you guys see the thread that Peter discussed:http://www.pizzamaking.com/forum/index.php?topic=30417.msg303328#msg303328You will see that the actual protein %, when the stated number of grams is 4, is somewhere in a pretty wide range. Rounding off to the nearest gram makes it pretty impossible to use the information.- Mitch
Ok, I made a pizza with bread flour 4 grams, 31 grams which I quess would be 12.9grams of protein. The crust was more flexible, able to fold when eating. My problem was stretching out thin. I let rise in a warm place for 1 hour and then started with a ball and rolled in flour and used the method with my fingers in a circular manner then knuckles. Even picked up to stretch. Just couldn't get it stretched out enough, a little on the thicker side. I quess it takes alot of practice, just don't want to use a rolling pin. The other half of dough I am refrigerating overnight and will try again tomorrow to stretch out into a pizza. I even baked it at the highest temp my over would go 500 2nd rack up from bottom on a stone. How big a difference does a pizza oven make?


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|Solinco Protocol 300 Scores
Modern players with fast strokes will find this quick swinging Protocol 300 to play right into their game. Ideal for the aggressive baseliner, the Protocol 300 provides lots of power with ample access to spin, which was enticing to our playtest team. Once they found a string that suited this racquet our playtesters spent a couple hours trying to consistently find the powerful sweetspot. When hitting that sweetspot this racquet was a maneuverable, powerful, and at times, fun racquet to swing on the court. When hitting outside of the red hot sweetspot some testers noted some stiffness from the racquet, while others enjoyed the firmer, crisper response. All three of our playtesters enjoyed serving bombs, and they were able to add generous amounts of slice and kick to their serves to start points off aggressively. Overall, this racquet seemed to complement all three of our playtesters' games, and if you enjoy swinging with faster, modern strokes then follow the protocol and give this racquet a try.
This powerful and spin-friendly Solinco racquet needed a bit of a break-in period in the hands of our playtesters, and it proved to be string sensitive during this playtest. The sweetspot provided ample power but an inconsistent feel for all three of our playtesters. Chris began his playtest by commenting, "Wow! Lots of power off the ground with the Protocol 300! When hitting in the sweetspot I was launching powerful forehands and backhands deep into my opponent's court." He managed to try the racquet with several different string setups, and the Protocol 300 made each string play livelier than expected. He explained, "For instance, Wilson NXT Control is usually a very crisp and control-oriented string. However, in this racquet it felt very soft and powerful. For whatever reason, this racquet offers a very deep ball pocket inside the sweetspot, and it plays very lively. I thought the level of comfort was high even though the frame is stiff and crisp. The one downside to a powerful sweetspot was the drop-off in power outside of it. When first hitting with this racquet I found myself playing erratically. I found better control once I dialed things in and made sure I was making contact in a consistent area of the stringbed. However, if I caught the ball late or my shot was a little off I didn't know how much depth and pace I was going to get on my shot."
Tiffani jumped back into the swing of things with the playtesters, making the Protocol 300 her first playtest back after her maternity leave. She said, "To be fair, I'm just getting back into playing after having my second baby, but I haven't had the same inconsistency problems with other racquets I'm hitting with right now. I found the Protocol 300 to be powerful on one shot and the ball falling short on the next. The issue for me was that the sweetspot was just a little too small and the response too temperamental. I did enjoy the spin I could hit. Backhand slices were easier to hit than I expected, even though the feel wasn't my favorite." Tiffani also played with different string setups and commented, "I enjoyed this racquet the most with a responsive multi in the crosses and a control-oriented poly in the mains."
"This is another racquet that is right in my spec range," said Brittany. "It might have just been a Monday hit or the fact that I was a little rusty after several days off, but I did need about an hour of hitting to adjust to this racquet. I also found the racquet to be string sensitive and had to change the string a couple of times before I settled on a hybrid of Babolat Xcel and Tour Bite 1.25." Like Chris and Tiffani, Brittany's first impression of the Protocol 300 was that it had a lot of power. She noted, "I noticed the sweetspot was a little bit smaller than I would have liked. If I hit a groundstroke in the sweetspot the ball would launch off the racquet with ease, but if I hit outside the sweetspot I found a significant loss of power. I think this is what caused me to have an adjustment period. I also struggled when slicing the ball, as the ball popped up instead of staying low and penetrating."
The Protocol 300 was maneuverable and quick at the net, but with a smaller sweetspot our playtesters were challenged when it came to finding good feel on volleys. Brittany found the racquet stiff and uncomfortable at the net, saying, "Volleys were one of the aspects I didn't like about this racquet. On the positive side, I found it to be very maneuverable and had no problems getting the racquet back into position when having to hit a quick reflex volley."
Echoing the same sentiments, Tiffani added, "The racquet was mobile and powerful, which helped me out when I was stretched wide. However, I struggled when I made contact on the edges of the sweetspot. I could feel the racquet twist, and it felt unstable."
"This was a very fast racquet at net," Chris began. "I was always able to get it into position. I liked the crisp and powerful feel when punching the ball deep. Touch shots took a very gentle hand due to the powerful response. It was easy to float a drop volley too deep, and again, there was some needed adjustment for me to consistently find my range with this racquet." Chris had no issue with stiffness and found the level of comfort at the net to be impressive, no matter what string was in it. He added, "I think I could max out the tension and still find good comfort -- while hopefully toning down some of the power."
All of our playtesters agreed that the Protocol 300 was an awesome racquet to serve with. Spin and power were completely accessible, and our players found it easy to execute their serves. Tiffani began, "I was surprised at how much spin I was getting. Not that I am normally a spin machine, but I actually noticed an increase in the action I got on the ball. I did need to concentrate on swinging through the ball because it felt like there wasn't much mass in the head to do the work for me."
Chris enjoyed bombing his serve. He said, "I've been working on getting more power from my serve and this racquet definitely helped in that regard. I liked both the pace and the way the ball was pushing through the court with this racquet. I was also able to get enough spin to stay on the gas and not have to worry about serves going long. The racquet continued to feel plush, yet crisp, while the sweetspot felt lively and offered lots of comfort."
Rounding out the praise was Brittany, who added, "I really liked serving with this racquet. I found it to be very versatile, and I was able to hit a variety of serves effectively. I could place my serves well whether I was serving flat up the T on the deuce side or out wide on the ad side. I was able to add enough spin on my second serves to hit them confidently and consistently. I even had enough power to go for a big flat first serve when I was up in a game."
Despite its maneuverability, finding the sweetspot and enough control when returning serve with the Protocol 300 was a challenge. Chris found the return to be the one shot where he didn't always find time to hit the ball cleanly. He offered, "The sweetspot plays red hot when it comes to power, but my depth control suffered when I was outside of the sweetspot, and then when I did find it my returns would unexpectedly sail long due to the rush of power. Thankfully, I was able to get lots of spin on the ball, which helped add some needed control. On chip returns the racquet felt a tad light against a heavily hit ball. On the upside, it was light and fast, which made it easy to knife through the ball when I had a little more time to swing through the ball."
"I thought the racquet was maneuverable, and I was able to get the racquet into position quickly to return any serve that came at me," said Brittany. "I did find it a tad unstable when returning heavier serves. I struggled a little bit with consistency and depth control, but when I focused on adding a little extra spin I could swing out more confidently and get the return deep into the court."
Tiffani's return game was up and down. She said, "When I found the sweetspot I hit some deep, offensive returns that set me up well for the point. Other times, even when I thought I had it lined up, the ball fell short or in the net. I never quite figured out the formula for consistency with the Protocol 300."
Chris - "I liked the power when I was dialed into it. I could really power forehands and backhands with this racquet. The stringbed felt very comfortable inside the sweetspot even with a stiff string, and I liked the ball pocketing and spin-friendly response."
Tiffani - "The racquet looks great, and it's easy to generate spin on a variety of strokes."
Brittany - "I liked serving with this racquet. There were a wide variety of serves I could hit with confidence. Once I found a string that I liked I found a good groove on my groundstrokes. Also, the black and green cosmetic is striking."
Chris - "The power level was red hot inside the sweetspot, which made control difficult if I couldn't find it consistently. Some racquets have a hot spot, and this is one of them."
Tiffani - "It feels stiffer than the rating indicates, and the stringbed felt too inconsistent when it came to power."
Brittany - "I struggled with the slightly smaller sweetspot and the slight inconsistency that came with it."
Chris - "This racquet is definitely suited to a player who likes the Babolat Pure Drive. The beam design looks similar, the stiffness is there and the headsize is spot on. This one differs in that it has a rush of power the instant you get inside the sweetspot."
Tiffani - "I found similar playability from the Dunlop Biomimetic 400 racquet. Both had good power at times, but there were other times that I struggled to get the depth I wanted. When the Protocol 300 was strung with a stiffer or 'deader' string the firm response reminded of the Gamma RZR 100."
Brittany - "The racquet that is the most comparable to this racquet is the Gamma RZR 100. Both racquets had plenty of power and were very maneuverable. I struggled with depth consistency and the smaller sweetspots with both racquets. However, I would give the edge to the Protocol 300 because I liked the feel a lot more."
(Scores are determined by averaging individual play test scores)
|Chris' Scores
|Tiffani's Scores
|Brittany's Scores
Chris: 5.0 all-court player currently using the Volkl C10 Pro 2012. Chris uses a full-western forehand grip, has a fast swing style and hits a one-handed backhand.
Tiffani: 4.0 level baseliner with a semiwestern grip on the forehand and hits a two-handed backhand. Currently playing with the Donnay Formula 100.
Brittany: Open level player with a semi-western forehand and a two-handed backhand. She currently plays with the Yonex V-Core 100S.
Review date: October 2013. If you found this review interesting or have further questions or comments please contact us.
All content copyright 2013 Tennis Warehouse.


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Sue Hitzmann, MS, CST, NMT, is a nationally recognized somatic-movement educator and manual therapist. Her decades of practice, research, and study of anatomical science and alternative therapies have culminated in the creation of the M.E.L.T. Method® (MELT), a revolutionary approach to pain-free fitness and longevity.
Sue got her start in the fitness industry as a group exercise instructor in 1988 before beginning her manual therapy practice in 1996. Over the past two decades, she has taught in some of the top clubs in New York City, including Reebok Sports Club/NY, Equinox, Crunch, and the JCC in Manhattan. Her 1999 video Boot Camp Training has sold more than half a million copies worldwide and remains one of the best-selling fitness videos today.
Sue's primary goal is to empower people to take charge of their aging process through self-care and healthy living. Unfortunately, our health care system remains narrowly focused on treating symptoms with medication and surgery, which often yield short-term results while creating further imbalance. Sue wants to offer everyone access to powerful self-treatment techniques that treat the cause of pain and dysfunction and limit the negative effects of aging and activity. By maintaining an active lifestyle without perpetuating imbalance, we can all live longer…better.


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Council hears mixed news on Gracedale's financial health
EASTON, Pa. - Northampton County Council got an early reading on the financial health of the Gracedale nursing home, and the news was mixed.
A quarterly statement from Premier Healthcare Resources, the company hired by council last September to manage Gracedale, is due at the end of the month.
But Ross Marcus, human services director for the county, gave a brief preview Thursday night. Marcus didn't put a dollar amount on the savings, but listed several areas where Premier has helped cut costs.
Controls on overtime have been tightened, Marcus said, and monthly budget meetings with department heads have resulted in ideas for other savings.
Gracedale now has the ability to admit patients on weekends and in the evening, and Premier is working with a collection agency to make sure bills are paid, Marcus added.
After hearing the news, council president John Cusick said he was happy there was some progress on a number of issues, "but there's still a ways to go," especially in the area of labor costs.
The county is more than $6 million a year shy of making Gracedale self- supporting, Cusick said, and council is trying to narrow that gap as much as possible.
In other business, council voted 7-1-1 to approve an ordinance that would allow a drilling fee on natural gas wells -- even though there are no known gas deposits in Northampton County.
Solicitor Phillip Lauer said there are accessible deposits near the county, and the ordinance will permit a fee to be imposed if things change.
The measure sparked a debate among council members. Tom Dietrich, who abstained by voting "present," wondered why such an ordinance was necessary.
"We're passing out ordinances like they're decks of cards," he said. "Isn't it our job to place a limitation on government over people's rights? ... And what did it cost to prepare this [ordinance]?"
Council member Robert Werner said that given the "close your eyes and compromise" policy on natural gas drilling supported by Governor Tom Corbett, "it behooves us to move on this [ordinance], just in case."
Lauer pointed out that under state law, council would forfeit the right to impose the fee if it did not act by Monday.
There was another dust-up over spending $40,000 to hire a third part- time court master to handle a backlog of cases, which council approved 8-1. Dietrich said the court administrator had proposed a solution that would cost only $10,000. "And within 40 minutes, this council had a $40,000 solution. It's like a roofer telling me he can do my roof for $10,000. I'm not going to offer to pay him $40,000 for the roof."
Council member Kenneth Kraft said Dietrich was "completely off base" with his "crazy roof analogy." He said the part-time position was cost effective, because when the work load eases, the third master would work fewer hours.
Council decided to study taking a stand on the Neighborhood Improvement Zone that Allentown is using to help fund a downtown hockey arena. Several municipalities are mounting a legal challenge because the zone diverts their earned income tax revenues to Allentown. But some on county council wonder if the county has any legal standing, because the county does not collect earned income tax, only property taxes.
Council unanimously approved a five-year, $5.33 million contract with A'Viands, of Roseville, Wis., to provide food service at the county prison. Robert Meyers, director of corrections, said the county will pay $1.21 a meal, and that the new contract will save the county money.
Bethlehem-based public radio station WDIY was given a $5,000 grant on a 7-2 vote. Dietrich and Thierry dissented. Dietrich said giving the grant now circumvents a procedure that allows organizations to ask for grants at the end of the year, when the budget is being discussed.
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Gun control discussion
Jim Kraft, Minot
Gun control was discussed between Jay Leno and Piers Morgan. Like too many others offering ideas to solve violence with guns, Morgan showed he knows little about firearms or hunting.
Handguns are used in over 6,000 deaths per year in the U.S. while assault rifles are used in a much lower 18; so why attack the assault rifle. Is it because the word "assault" inspires drama? Motor vehicles are used someway in most shootings but little if anything is said about it. My guess is because it is the easiest foot in the door for gun control.
Morgan compared the U.S. to the U.K. where he said stronger gun laws reflect a much lower rate of gun violence. He said the U.K. also has many mentally unstable people as does the U.S. I drew a different conclusion from his interview. We are the descendants of people worldwide who in many cases came to the U.S. for maximum freedom. We do incarcerate more people per capita than the other developed countries. Could it be because of our revolutionary blood lines that we are much quicker to act upon our feelings than those who never objected to an oppressive government? Some proof of this might be our attempts to police the world.
Our capitalism is often controlling and unfair to their customer base. Could it be a major cause of anxiety or unrest? Gun owners do not want gun violence and probably moreso than non-gun owners. The assault rifle was designed to operate with sand or dirt on it and in adverse weather conditions typical hunting conditions. Problems are best solved with accurate and complete information and not by media entertainers or politicians with their pockets lined.


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The grossness factor is off the charts. Brace yourselves, people.
1. The Chicken McNuggets conspiracy.�What is this strange pink sludge, you wonder? A large intestine? Silly putty? Strawberry fro-yo, perhaps? No, this pink goop is (allegedly) what McDonald's chicken nuggets look like during the processing stage. Apparently, the goo is a mixture of mechanically separated meat (a whole chicken, bones and all, that has been smashed and pressed through a sieve) and�treated with ammonia hydroxide. After this infamous "pink goo" pic went viral in 2010, Mickey D's attempted to dispel some of the notoriety surrounding the image by releasing a commercial that showed how McNuggets are really made. As you can see from the video screenshot below, though, it's not any more appetizing. 2. Fountain soda machines contain fecal bacteria. Wait, wait, wait�say what?!�Yep, it's true: studies have shown that 48 percent of fountain drink dispensers have traces of fecal bacteria on them. Brb, I'm gonna go barf in my drink now. 3. Subway bread contains an ingredient found in yoga mats. The offending ingredient, azodicarbonamide, is widely used as a bleaching agent and dough conditioner in food. But it's also used to increase elasticity in products including yoga mats, shoe rubber, and synthetic leather. Although Subway has pledged to ultimately phase out this controversial ingredient, azodicarbonamide is still ubiquitous in fast food and store-bought bread products. 4. Fast food salads contain lube (yes, that type of lube). A side salad seems like a safe bet compared to other fast food temptations, but sadly�many fast food joints dust their salads with propylene glycol�also found in antifreeze and sexual lubricants�to keep the leaves crisp. 5. Sandy chili. As if the infamous 2005 Wendy's chili finger hoax wasn't enough to turn you off from fast food chili forever, here's another gross tidbit: the chain's famous chili contains a strange chemical called silicon dioxide to keep it looking fresh. Also known as silica, silicon dioxide can be found in quartz or sand. Because who doesn't love sandy chili, after all? 6. McDonald's indestructible meat.�In the event of an apocalypse, Mickey D's hamburgers are extremely likely to survive. The picture below shows what a McDonald's hamburger looks like...14 years later. Apparently, all of those preservatives and chemicals were enough to retain its appearance for more than a decade. 7. Coke doubles as toilet bowl cleaner. Would you like a large Coke with that? Turns out, Coca-Cola isn't any old soft drink; it's also an all-purpose cleaner! Here's a practical use for the soda:�To clean a toilet, pour a can of Coca-Cola into the toilet bowl and let sit for one hour, then flush clean. The citric acid in Coke removes stains from vitreous china. Now just imagine what Coca-Cola is doing to your insides! �8. Taco Bell's pseudo-beef. According to its website, Taco�Bell's taco beef is "88 percent beef." This begs the question: what the heck is the remaining 12 percent?�The list of ingredients for the Taco Bell's "beef" include things like trehalose, cellulose, potassium chloride, torula yeast and caramel color. This article originally appeared as on Spry Living


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CASAC To Offer Motivational Interviewing Session
Motivational Interviewing (Tipping Ambivalence towards Change) A Practical Application of OARS will be offered through the Chautauqua Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Council from 9 a.m. to noon Friday, Aug. 16, at the Salvation Army, 82 S. Main St., Jamestown.
The session will be led by Cheryl Martin, an integrated health trainer and clinical consultant who provides motivational interviewing training through the Monroe County Office of Mental Health. She is an Office of Alcoholism & Substance Abuse Services faculty member. Since the last time she presented for CASAC in 2010, some changes have been made to the Motivational Interviewing method. She has continually updated her training to reflect all the new research and learning in the third edition of the motivational interviewing book.
Some concepts/skills important to motivational interviewing include self-efficacy, developing discrepancy, compassion, sustain talk and dancing with discord. The five key communication skills of OARS are using open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, summaries and providing information with permission. After a brief Power Point presentation, the remainder of the session will allow participants to watch examples of motivational interviewing and then practice these techniques using real role play.
Counselors would be most interested in this training. Also this course is suitable for those seeking professional credentialing as a Credentialed Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Counselor (CASAC), Credentialed Prevention Professional (CPP) or Credentialed Prevention Specialist (CPS). The four hours CASAC (Sec. 2) CPP (Sec. 1) are approved by the New York State Office of Alcohol and Substance Abuse Services.
The fee is $50, and pre-registration is required. Community members interested in the topic are welcome and encouraged to attend. To register or for more information about other training CASAC offers, call Kathleen Colby, director of training services, at 664-3608, email email@example.com visit www.casacweb.org.
CASAC offers a number of professional training opportunities throughout the year. Individualized on-site training, depending upon staff needs, is available. All trainings can be designed either as an in-service training, conference or workshop.
For further information about CASAC services, call the Jamestown office at 664-3608 or the Dunkirk office at 366-4623.


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Wednesday, July 1, 2009
Understanding MSG-3
Hearing the acronym MSG might make some think of the preservative in some take-out food. But in the maintenance world, MSG-3 is the root of all inspection schedules in a process starting before an aircraft enters service. Here is a look at this fascinating process and how manufacturers and operators work to achieve the end result.
The method that aircraft manufacturers, operators and regulators use to develop the manufacturer's initial maintenance schedule, as part of the work towards aircraft certification, is beyond the ken of many in the hands-on maintenance world. It is often a multi-year process, involving the application of rigorous logic, the analysis of reams of data and the interaction of multiple administrative bodies. Many people, hearing the acronym MSG, might think it's a version of the food additive, monosodium glutamate.
All the more reason to know more about aviation's Maintenance Steering Group-3, or MSG-3, process. It starts before an aircraft enters service, when there is no in-service operational data, and continues through the life of the type. MSG-3 practitioners are the Industry Steering Committee (ISC) working groups. Working group members, who are specialists in the various aircraft systems, interact with members of the manufacturer's design group and receive data from the manufacturer, such as mean time between failure. But it is the working group members who do the detailed analysis and generate proposed scheduled maintenance tasks. The working group members — representatives of the manufacturer and operators — present their results to the ISC, which approves it. Representatives of the regulators attend ISC meetings as advisers.
The final output of the ISC for a new aircraft is the Maintenance Review Board Report (MRBR), which outlines the recommended minimum initial maintenance requirements. This document is then approved by the FAA, as the MRB chairman (for a U.S. aircraft). The MSG-3 process provides for tasks, such as lubrication, visual inspections, operational or functional checks, restoration and discard. (Discard refers to removing life-limited parts and replacing them with new ones.)
Although there is no actual in-service operational data available when the ISC process begins for a new aircraft, there is much historical data on the performance of similar components and systems used in earlier designs, as well as test data from the manufacturer and component vendors. "It's the actual in-service reliability data of similar components and systems that drives the interval," according to Ray Smith, a Boeing technical principal and the co-chairman of the 787 ISC.
MSG-3 stresses a top-down approach to analysis that starts at the highest manageable level and looks at the consequences of that failure, explains Dave Nakata, vice president of EmpowerMX, an MSG-3 consulting service. But safety is key. If MSG-3 analysis shows that a certain functional failure would jeopardize operational safety, and couldn't be rectified by any of the hierarchy of standard tasks within the specified logic, then redesign of the item in question would be mandatory. Application of MSG-3 logic to the emerging Boeing 787-8 aircraft, for example, has led to mandatory design changes in flight control and lightning/HIRF (High-Intensity Radiated Field) protection systems, Smith says.
MSG-3 is the only game in town for commercial airplane manufacturers. According to Advisory Circular AC-121-22A, FAA policy states that the "latest MSG analysis procedures must be used for the development of MRBRs for all new or derivative [Part 121] aircraft." It is the "only methodology accepted by the airworthiness authorities," states Jörg Coelius, section manager for maintenance programs with Lufthansa Technik. Although MROs are executors rather than decision makers in the MSG-3 community, LHT is knowledgeable. It helped develop MSG-3-based maintenance programs for Southwest Airlines, Alaska Airlines and Lufthansa.
FAA stresses the safety aspects of MSG-3. The methodology "helps improve safety by addressing hidden functional failures," officials said. "Maintenance-significant items are addressed at the system level instead of at the parts level." MSG-3 also helps improve maintenance efficiency, FAA notes, by eliminating redundant and ineffective tasks. There is usually a substantial cost reduction in hard time component removal and replacement.
The agency also praised MSG-3's thoroughness. The methodology focuses on aircraft systems and the loss of system function or functions, FAA officials said. It considers hidden failures, plus one additional failure, in the decision logic, identifies three consequences of a loss of function (safety, operational, and economic), identifies two types of safety tasks, and identifies at least nine types of scheduled maintenance tasks. MSG-1 and 2, by contrast, focused on parts and part failure rates, considered only one failure in the decision logic and didn't identify any tasks — it was process-oriented rather than task-oriented.
MSG-3 has also been adopted by most major bizjet manufacturers, with the encouragement of the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA). Bombardier was the first proponent, but Gulfstream, Embraer, Cessna and Dassault Falcon Jet, among others, have embraced the methodology (See sidebar, page 30). One can argue that the bizjet original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) were better off under the old approach, which stressed hard time and on-condition maintenance. They had a steady revenue stream based on predictable parts replacement intervals. But it wasn't cost-effective for the operators, explains Len Beauchemin, managing director of AeroTechna Solutions, an MSG-3 consultancy and training company.
The MSG-3 process for the 787-8 started in 2005 and the FAA approved the scheduled maintenance program in 2008. While 787-8 activities will continue through flight test and the life of the airplane, ISC work regarding the 787-9 is expected to get under way in October 2009.
The 787 ISC included seven working groups: systems; electrical and avionics; lightning and HIRF; powerplant; flight controls and hydraulics; structural; and zonal, says Lynne Thompson, Boeing's director of maintenance engineering.
It's often said that MSG-3 is a task-oriented system, so analysis engineers go through a prescribed logic sequence, asking questions, depending on the category of the failure under consideration. A task is then selected to identify or rectify the failure.
A working group's system-level thought process concerning loss of hydraulic pressure, for example, might go as follows:
How might hydraulic pressure be lost for the right, left or center hydraulic system?
Via an inoperational pump, failed valve, leak in tubing, etc.
What tasks are required that are applicable and effective to ensure that the hydraulic system is maintained to the level of reliability that the manufacturer designed and certified the system to operate at?
Then those tasks would be added to the scheduled maintenance program if approved by the ISC.
With MSG-3, "you're looking at the results of the failure instead of worrying about the failure, itself," Nakata says. System-level analysis of an hydraulic functional failure, for example, might focus on the failure of the hydraulic distribution system and its consequences. Even this might not rise to the level of a safety impact if the aircraft, as is common today, has multiple redundant hydraulic systems. In the context of design redundancy, MSG-3's top-down approach, which starts at the system level and eventually works down to the component level, results in fewer maintenance tasks, Coelius points out.
The MSG-3 document provides logic "trees" for systems and powerplant analysis, structural analysis, zonal analysis and lightning/HIRF analysis. In the systems/powerplant diagram, for example, the decision logic divides possible failure effects into five categories, depending on whether the functional failure is evident to the flight crew. These are: evident safety, evident operational, evident economic, hidden safety and hidden non-safety. The tasks resulting from the evident safety and hidden safety categories are the most critical ones, Coelius says.
Economics is an important consideration, however. In MSG-3 logic "the sequence of intervention follows an order of least expensive to most expensive, in order to test the effectivity of the least expensive task first," explains Kevin Berger of FedEx, the most recent chairman of a key MSG-3 panel. This progression is true for the MSG-3 logic dealing with system/powerplants as well as zonal, Berger says. In each case the technical engineers must answer the question if the task — lubrication, inspection, functional check, restoration, discard — is applicable and effective at ensuring operational safety or mitigating the consequences, e.g., operational or economic, to an acceptable level?
Structural analysis follows a similar path. A visual inspection would be the first choice to be considered, followed by a detailed inspection and then by special detailed inspection/NDI, Berger says. "A subtle difference with the structural analysis focuses on the deductibility of the degradation from accidental damage, environmental damage or fatigue damage."
MSG-3 logic is much more detailed and "surgical," compared with MSG-2, and continues to evolve with industry experience and technology, Berger says. This enables the "manufacturers, operators and regulators to design, operate and insure industry safety with increasingly safer equipment and more efficient maintenance requirements." Previous approaches led to unnecessary maintenance tasks, which could "induce potential damage and cause supplemental failures."
This was like performing surgery on a person just to look at his liver, when the operation might cause all sorts of other problems.
MSG-3 Changes
The MSG-3 document, "Operator/Manufacturer Scheduled Maintenance Development," is owned by the Air Transport Association (ATA). But it is constantly evolving, changing almost every year. Revisions are considered and, if approved, are forwarded by the Maintenance Program Industry Group (MPIG) to the International MRB Policy Board, which represents the regulators. The policy board, in its latest meeting of March/April 2009, approved several notable changes.
One of the accepted proposals concerned structural health monitoring. "This technology is in the R&D phase, but it was important for industry to provision some policy language to help promote R&D," explains Berger, the most recent MPIG chairman.
The policy board also decided that manufacturers need to maintain MRBRs for MSG-2 as well as MSG-3, as long as there are operators relying on MSG-2-derived maintenance programs. There are still a number of operators using MSG-2.
A third proposal approved by the policy board regarded Issue Paper 44, which prescribes guidance to evolve existing MRBRs. The new guidelines provide for statistical confidence factors to be met, based on empirical data collected from the operators. Previous MRBR evolutions contained OEM-sponsored analysis, supported by airline in-service data, that provided sufficient confidence and met the test of ISC approvals, but there hadn't really been an industry standard for how it was done.
The new guidelines, along with a data format specification known as ATA SPEC2000, will help manufacturers like Boeing to have statistically significant data for optimizing and developing maintenance programs, Thompson says. "We have to have enough data to be 95 percent confident in suggesting an optimization of a maintenance task."
As a result, Boeing is working with operators to gather more comprehensive, SPEC2000-formatted data in its In Service Data Program (ISDP), which currently involves just over 50 percent of the company's airline customers. ISDP is used to understand the safety of the fleet, decide whether a service bulletin or design change may be required and optimize maintenance programs, Thompson said. The impact would be significant. "Instead of having a conversation about what the intervals should be, we'll be able to use improved statistical methods to determine what the intervals should be." The guidelines, however, are discretionary for air carriers that have approved regulatory processes for maintenance program adjustments.
Boeing's most active ISCs meet about every year to analyze in-service data — from both scheduled and unscheduled maintenance — and make recommendations to optimize (add or delete) tasks, Thompson says. "We may lower or raise the intervals based on service information." Boeing maintains MSG-2 and MSG-3 programs for all the airplane models except the 707 and the BBJ.
An airline can transition to the updated OEM program or deviate from it, based on its own substantiated in-service experience. Based on their own data, airlines may choose to increase or decrease the intervals, with local FAA approval. "Most of them add many additional tasks, based on their operational requirements, airline policies and customer goals," Smith says.
MSG-3 and STCs
When there are major changes to an aircraft type, such as a passenger-to-freighter conversion, the STC applicant or holder must address required Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA). The STC applicant must show the certification office what existing requirements for the type (contained in the MRBR) are affected by the modification and what new ICA are required to maintain the scope of the STC. How to accomplish this is up to the STC holder, but regulators expect full knowledge of MSG-3.
Some STC holders convene "mini ISCs" if the scope of the STC is very large. More frequently, however, the work is handled through less formal coordination between the regulator, the design engineers and the operators. ST Aerospace took the less formal approach with its STC for the B757 freighter conversion. The company has subsequently submitted an "appendix proposal" to Boeing to supplement the current MRBR.
Operator review in this case was performed exclusively by FedEx, since the cargo carrier was the only user of the ST Aero P-F derivative B757 freighter at the time, according to Berger. The STC resulted in changes to B757 systems such as hydraulics, pneumatics, cabin, oxygen and structure, although the airplane's basic operating characteristics remained the same.
ST Aero had to address ICA associated with the B757 conversion. The company had to reevaluate the MSG-3 MRBR and "discount those things that weren't applicable to the freighter version and supplement that with things that now are applicable because of the things they changed," Berger explains. The STC applicant's design office then had to produce analyses in order to get their STC approved by the regulator — in this case the FAA.
Business Aviation
Led by Bombardier, most major business aviation manufacturers use the Maintenance Steering Group-3 (MSG-3) methodology in developing their recommended maintenance plans for recent-model aircraft. Like commercial aircraft makers, bizjet manufacturers convene Industry Steering Committees (ISCs) which produce Maintenance Review Board Reports (MRBRs), and these MRBRs are then approved by FAA or appropriate national aviation authorities. If a manufacturer later makes changes to the approved program, these have to be reviewed and okayed by the regulator as well.
Part 91 (Title 14 CFR 91.409) requires a business aircraft operator to select an inspection program, and, because of the limited analytic resources of individual companies, operators select the current inspection program recommended by the manufacturer, whether the program was MSG-3-derived or not. Len Beauchemin, managing director of AeroTechna Solutions, an MSG-3 consultancy and training company, told Aviation Maintenance he recommends the use of MSG-3-derived inspection/maintenance programs because the rigorous process, involving manufacturers, operators and regulators, produces safe, efficient and cost-effective maintenance programs. Otherwise you're relying on the analysis of original equipment manufacturer (OEM) engineers who may "never have operated an airplane and may never have seen the part they're putting a task on."
Once a manufacturer commits itself to following MSG-3, the process leads to an MRBR, which means heavy regulator involvement. Although this is more time-consuming and expensive for the airframer than the previous method of developing the maintenance plan internally, there are benefits. OEMs are able to gather valuable reliability data from the operators about how products are performing in the field. The MSG-3 route is attractive to operators because they have more input into the aircraft development process and enjoy greater efficiencies and cost savings.
"I haven't seen an [MSG-3-derived] program that hasn't produced savings," particularly in engine maintenance costs, Beauchemin adds. Cost reductions in scheduled maintenance programs range up to 30 percent.
The MSG-3 process influences design in business aviation, as well as commercial aviation. While Beauchemin was working for Eastman Kodak as director of maintenance and aviation department co-manager, he served as chairman of the ISC for Bombardier's Global business jets. ISC input resulted in design changes for inspectability, he says. The committee would look at proposed tasks and then go to the airplane and try to perform them, he explains. This interaction with design engineers resulted in changes such as the addition of access panels and doors.
In business as well as commercial aviation, MRBRs evolve, as more operational data is collected and analyzed. The incentive in business aviation to keep one's corporate maintenance program updated to the latest changes put forth by the manufacturer is perhaps greater than in the commercial world, Beauchemin says.
It's a question of asset value management, he explains. Although a corporate operator is not required to continuously update its maintenance program to match the latest changes to the MRBR, the aircraft would decrease in resale value if this was not done because the buyer is required to begin his maintenance program with the manufacturer's latest offering. The buyer would have to spend money performing all the tasks required to bring the airplane's maintenance program up to date. — Charlotte Adams


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Deepak Cyril Dsouza, MBBS, MD
Professor of Psychiatry; Director Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group at Yale (SNRGY); Director, Neurobiological Studies Unit, VACHS; Director, VA-CMHC Schizophrenia Research Clinic
Research Interests
Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms; Mental Disorders; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities; Psychological Phenomena and Processes; Psychiatry and Psychology
Research Organizations
Psychiatry: Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit | Neuroscience Research Training Program (NRTP) | Schizophrenia Research Clinic
Research Summary
Our group has been studying the treatment and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Our work involves the use of various psychopharmacological probes (ketamine, delta-9-THC, iomazenil, etc) to evaluate the contributions of various neurotransmitter systems (NMDA, cannabinoid, GABA, etc) to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; laboratory studies of comorbid substance abuse in schizophrenia, (alcohol, cannabis and nicotine) and clinical trials with novel agents for schizophrenia.
Extensive Research Description
- Neurobiology of Cannabis
- Cannabinoids, Neural Synchrony and Information Processing
- Cannabinoid Receptor Function in Alcoholism: Effects of D-9-THC
- Imaging Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Schizophrenia
- GABA Deficits and Vulnerability to Cannabinoid-Induced Psychosis
- GABA Deficits and Vulnerability to Amphetamine-Induced Psychosis
- Ketamine Nicotine Interactions in Humans
- Ketamine Interactions with GLYT1 inhibitor in Humans
- Cognitive Remediation in the Schizophrenia Trials Network
- Varenicline for Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia
Selected Publications
- D'Souza DC, Perry E, MacDougall L, et al. The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29(8):1558-1572.
- D'Souza DC, Abi-Saab WM, Madonick S, et al. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects in schizophrenia: implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(6):594-608.
- Krystal JH, Perry EB, Jr., Gueorguieva R, D'Souza DC. Comparative and interactive human psychopharmacologic effects of ketamine and amphetamine: implications for glutamatergic and dopaminergic model psychoses and cognitive function. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(9):985-994.
- D'Souza DC, Gil RB, Madonick S, et al. Enhanced sensitivity to the euphoric effects of alcohol in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31(12):2767-2775.
- D'Souza DC, Gil RB, Zuzarte E, et al. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid-serotonin interactions in healthy men: implications for network models of psychosis and dissociation. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59(2):128-137.
- Ranganathan M, D'Souza DC. The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006;188(4):425-444
- D'Souza DC, Braley G, Blaise R, et al. Effects of haloperidol on the behavioral, subjective, cognitive, motor, and neuroendocrine effects of ?-9-THC in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008;198(4):587-603.
- D'Souza DC, Gil R, Cassello K, et al. IV glycine and oral D-cycloserine effects on plasma and CSF amino acids in healthy humans. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47(5):450-462.
- Ranganathan M, Braley G, Pittman B, Cooper T, Perry E, Krystal J, D'Souza DC. The effects of cannabinoids on serum cortisol and prolactin in human. Psychopharmacology(Berl).2009 May; 203(4): 737-44 Epub 2008 Dec 16.
- D'Souza DC, Sewell RA, Ranganathan M. Cannabis and psychosis/schizophrenia: human studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2009 Oct;259(7):413-31 Epub 2009 Jul 16.


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Everyday Minerals, Dome Blush Brush
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
- Loyalty credit is equal to 5% of the value of your order, excluding shipping charges.
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Shipping Weight:?0.06 lbsShipping WeightThe Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
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100% Cruelty Free. Luxurious and dense super-soft synthetic fibers with renewable bamboo handles. Vegan all the way. Perfect for even full coverage powder applications.
The Dome Blush Brush is great for applying your blush. Simply add a small amount of your favorite blush to your brush, tap off any excess, and gently sweep onto cheeks.
Super soft and luxuriously dense brush perfect for blush application. With renewable Bamboo handles and synthetic hair.
Suggested Use
Brush Cleaning
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7.00" long, 5.50" ferrule to tip.


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Michael McClure, poet
This event is expired.
This week features jazz and poetry with George Brooks, Rob Wasserman, and Michael McClure.
Friday Nights at the de Young are after-hours art "happenings" that include a mix of live music, dance and theater performances, film screenings, panel discussions, lectures, artist demonstrations, hands-on art activities, and exhibition tours. Local artists conduct drop-in workshops, debut new commissions, display their art in the Kimball Education Gallery, and take part in conversations about the creative process. The café offers a delicious Friday Nights prix-fixe menu and specialty cocktails, and the observation tower is open until 8 pm. Artist Fellows, Artists-in-Residence, curators, scholars, and arts educators all play an active role in making Friday Nights an engaging museum experience for all.
Special talk by July Artist-in-Residence Jewel Castro on her project, Walking with Ancestors.
A closing reception will be held in the Kimball Education Gallery immediately following the talk.
Featuring George Brooks on saxophone, Rob Wasserman on bass, and poet Michael McClure.
Enjoy music and poetry that draw on the jazz and pop of Richard Diebenkorn's Berkeley years, with original music by George Brooks, improvisational bass music by Rob Wasserman, poetry by Michael McClure, and music by the Doors in tribute to founding member Ray Manzarek, who recently passed away.


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by Anton Shilov
Contract prices and spot prices of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) in the second half of March continues to slightly grow as a result of uncertain future of Elpida, according to DRAMeXchange, a research division of TrendForce. While PC OEMs have gradually increased stock levels as a precaution against Elpida's potential withdrawal from the market, the market is still in situation of oversupply, which keeps spot prices low.
DRAM contract price continued to show an uptrend in the second half of March, 2012: a 4GB DDR3 module average price increased by 2.7% to $19, while average price-point of 2GB DDR3 memory module hit $10 mark, a 2.6% increase. From the market perspective, even though the DRAM market is currently in a state of oversupply, PC OEMs have gradually increased stock levels as a precaution against Elpida's potential withdrawal from the market, while DRAM makers have taken a firm stance on price in hopes of maintaining the uptrend, which has resulted with contract price increase in the second half of March, 2012.
As for the spot market, in contrast to continually rising contract price, from the day Elpida filed for bankruptcy protection, average selling price of DDR3 2Gb 1333MHz chips has been fluctuating around $1 due to sluggish demand, relatively weak buying momentum, and generally low trade volume. This is a result of the fact that Elpida's supply to the spot market has not decreased significantly, as well as the gradual decline of the spot market, which in past years easily had 20-30% market share, but accounts for only 13% of the DRAM market today. TrendForce indicates it is highly likely contract price will continue to rise in April, although it will still depend on third-place revenue holder Elpida's next move. All of the above factors will influence the future DRAM price trend.
Facing a post-Elpida era, it is optimal timing for DRAM industry mergers and acquisitions. TrendForce indicates, Korean manufacturers' combined market share has reached nearly 70% of the global DRAM industry, leaving only 30% for Taiwanese, U.S., and Japanese DRAM makers. The non-Korean makers are unable to compete in terms of economies of scale, technology migration speed and product mix. As a consequence, their losses will only increase, TrendForce believes.


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Intel Teach: 10 Million Teachers Trained
Exciting news today — Intel is announcing that the Intel Teach program has helped educate 10 Million teachers in 70 countries. That means the program has also transformed the lives of over 300 Million students. It's really exciting, and this subject is close to my heart. My M.A. thesis was on digital literacies. I believe […] Read more