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Vegan Protein Bar
- Minimizes post-exercise soreness
- Helps repair lean muscle tissue
- Delicious, wholesome ingredients
- 14-15 grams of superior plant protein
"They taste great and are a quick, easy recovery snack for someone who is on the go." -BN
Product Detail & Benefits
Both flavors provide plenty of protein—Chocolate Peanut has 14 grams per bar, Almond Cacao has 15 grams per bar—and are excellent sources of healthy fats as well. Hammer Vegan Protein Bars do not contain any trans fat or cholesterol. For those with soy intolerances or allergies, the Almond Cacao flavor is the perfect option as it is 100% soy-free. (The chocolate coating of the Chocolate Peanut flavor has just a trace of soy in the form of lecithin.) Both flavors are Kosher certified as well.
Once you try them, we are sure you will agree that the Hammer Vegan Protein Bar is your ideal, convenient, and delicious choice for post-workout refueling, meal replacement, snacking, or any time you want a rich source of vegan protein.
Whether you adhere to a vegan diet or not, once you try the Hammer Vegan Protein Bar you'll be hooked. Both flavors, Almond Cacao and Chocolate Peanut, combine organic tapioca, a healthy carbohydrate source, two excellent protein sources—pea protein and sacha inchi protein—and other tasty, high-quality ingredients that are specific to each flavor. The result? A super healthy, almost entirely organic, easy-to-chew, hunger-satisfying, and utterly delicious bar.
*Purchase 12 or more of any combination of Hammer bars and flavors to receive discount pricing on each. Discount pricing applied in Shopping Cart during checkout.
Nutrition Labels:
|Vegan Protein Bar
Chocolate Peanut
Nutrition Facts
|Serving Size one bar (57g)
|Amount Per Serving
|Calories 260
|Calories from Fat 110
|% Daily Value *
|Total Fat 12g
|Saturated Fat 3.5g
|Trans Fatty Acids 0g
|Cholesterol 0mg
|Sodium 5mg
|Total Carbohydrate 24g
|Total Dietary Fiber 12g
|Sugars 8g
|Protein 14g
|Vitamin A 0%
|Vitamin C 2%
|Calcium 2%
|Iron 10%
| *The Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your daily values maybe higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.
† Daily Value not established.
Certified Organic Ingredients: Peanut Butter, Prebiotic Syrup, Pea Protein, Chocolate Coating (Chocolate, Evaporated Cane Juice, Vanilla), Tapioca Syrup, Sacha Inchi Protein, NuVous™ (sweetener).
Contains Peanuts.
Manufactured in a facility that processes tree nuts, peanuts, seeds, soy, wheat, and dairy (milk). Caution: May contain pieces of date pits, stems, nut shells, or seeds. Do not use if wrapper is tampered with or damaged.
|Vegan Protein Bars
Almond Cacao
Nutrition Facts
|Serving Size one bar (56g) (1.97 oz.)
|Amount Per Serving
|Calories 240
|Calories from Fat 90
|% Daily Value *
|Total Fat 10g
|Saturated Fat 1.5g
|Trans Fatty Acids 0g
|Cholesterol 0mg
|Sodium 40mg
|Total Carbohydrate 23g
|Total Dietary Fiber 4g
|Sugars 12g
|Protein 15g
|Vitamin A 0%
|Vitamin C 2%
|Calcium 8%
|Iron 6%
| *The Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your daily values maybe higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.
† Daily Value not established.
Ingredients: Tapioca, Almond Butter, Pea Protein, Cacao Nibs, Sacha Inchi Protein, NuVous™ (sweetener).
Contains Almonds.Manufactured in a facility that processes tree nuts, peanuts, seeds, soy, wheat, and dairy (milk). Caution: May contain pieces of date pits, stems, nut shells, or seeds. Do not use if wrapper is tampered with or damaged.
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Moderator: Mike
chris wrote:Well. That worked out pretty well for me. Casually went online to see if a presale thingie was going on. It was. Not only got great seats. But got some for my kids. Had to decide whether to skip the concert because he plays the same sets over and over...or to enjoy the show (perhaps for the last time) with my 3 kids, who had never seen him live. I'm very excited about experiencing this with my family.
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Mark Alexander Marieb, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) and Associate Clinical Professor of Nursing; Clinical Director of Electrophysiology
Departments & Organizations
Internal Medicine: Cardiovascular Medicine: Electrophysiology & Cardiac Arrhythmia Program
Heart & Vascular Center, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Office of Cooperative Research
In arrhythmia practice for approximately 25 years, specializing in interventional electrophysiology including ablation (complex atrial arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, WPW, AVNRT, PVC's, pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy). Fellow of the Heart Rhythm Society (FHRS), Certified Cardiac Device Specialist, Clinical Director of Electrophysiology Yale University School of Medicine and Yale New Haven Hospital.
Education & Training
|Boston University (1984)
|Yale University School of Medicine
|University of Virginia Health Sciences Center
|Chief Resident
|Yale New Haven Hospital
|Yale New Haven Hospital
|Yale New Haven Hospital
|Board Certification
|AB of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease (1991)
|Board Certification
|AB of Internal Medicine, Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology (1992)
|Board Certification
|AB of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine (1998)
Honors & Recognition
Class of 1977 Distinguished Achievement in the Field of Health and Medical Services, Amity Regional School District No. 5 Hall of FameAmity Regional School District No.5 (2008)


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DianaThanks for posting... I'm gonna get all three as well... looks intriguing. Post some stuff that you use it for would ya?Scot
I have been using the Urfa for a long time. They are very mild and get lost in anything strong. My best use so far for them has been in a pink sauce for a yellow and green zucchini pasta dish. I make my pink sauce with heavy cream, a touch of tomato paste, the Urfas, some black and white pepper, and a good parm grated in. Thin slice the zucs, toast them in EVOO and serve over linguine with the sauce.


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If I had to nominate the hottest trend in automobiles right now—apart from those annoying bright-white, hockey stick-shaped LED lights—it would have to be the four-door coupe.
Since Mercedes-Benz created the genre with its gorgeous CLS back in 2003, it seems like every carmaker has leapt onto the bandwagon: Volkswagen with its CC, Audi with its A7, Porsche with its Panamera, and even Jaguar with its XJ.
The appeal is pretty straightforward. Everyone loves the swoopy lines of a two-door coupe. That's why the Bentley Continental GT can bring grown men to tears, while the four-door Continental Flying Spur version is like visual Prozac.
But two doors come with compromises, like usually minuscule rear seats and access to them that requires the contortionist skills of a Caribbean limbo dancer. Watch riders try to extract themselves from the back of the Continental GT, and it seems more like an entry for America's Funniest Home Videos.
Yet add two extra doors to a low-slung, fastback-roofed coupe and stretch the wheelbase to give more legroom in the back, and you have seemingly the perfect compromise—form with functionality. Take a long, lingering look at Aston Martin's four-door Rapide, and tell me it doesn't make sense.
But is it all just that—a fad? Will one too many rear-seat riders complain at the lack of headroom? Or scream blue-murder at whacking their head on that ski-slope-like roof as they slither in?
Just as I was beginning to raise my hand in support of the faddist argument, I clapped eyes on BMW's achingly gorgeous new 6 Series Gran Coupe. Had he still been around, Wordsworth would have penned sonnets in adoration of this car; Romeo would have ditched Juliet as the focus of his affection.
To witness its true gorgeousness, gaze at the Gran Coupe in profile. It's that old school, classic look of a long, long hood, high waist and low roof as well as a roofline that sweeps down to a short, stubby, near-horizontal trunk lid.
It's also pretty stunning when you open a door and climb aboard. Our tester came with the new creamy-white Opal leather with Amaro Brown accents. It was like sitting in a cup of cappuccino.
In the back, there's no shortage of stretch-out legroom, but while BMW labels the car a 4+1 seater, with space for a middle back-seat rider, don't believe it. As the wide center console runs all the way back, anyone in the middle would have to straddle it as if riding Seabiscuit.
Depending on your need for speed, there are two engines to choose from. The entry model—the Gran Coupe 640i, which we've been sampling—features BMW's super 3.0-liter turbocharged in-line six.
For us, it provides such a sweet balance between power—it packs a healthy 315 horsepower and 330 pound-feet of torque—and excellent fuel economy (20 mpg city and 30 mpg highway). And coupled with a new 8-speed ZF auto, it can sprint from rest to 60 mph in a swift 5.6 seconds.
Performance lovers, however, will probably opt for the more potent 650i model, with BMW's much-loved 5.5-liter turbo V-8 under that long hood cranking out a meaty 443 horsepower.
If there's a minor criticism of the 3.0-liter in the 640i, it's that it is a little short on low-speed response. The engine really has to be spinning above 3,000 rpm to get it to perk up. But after that, it really does pull like an Amtrak locomotive all the way to its 7,000 rpm red line.
And the tasty combo of nicely weighted steering, well-tuned suspension and a surprisingly smooth, supple ride makes the 640i a true joy to drive.
One big surprise with the 640i Gran Coupe is its pricing. At $76,895—with the potential to soar to close to $100,000 when you load up on options—it's $4,000 more than the V8-powered Mercedes-Benz CLS550 and $17,000 more than the lovely Audi A7.
But then again, who ever said beauty comes cheap?


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Might as well start this since 2015 might be the most talented Ohio any of us have ever seen.
Seriously, Ohio it's the exact opposite of 2014.
Must haves from the home state (and potential five stars):
http://rivals.yahoo.com/wisconsin/footb ... ker-147537
http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/r ... ams-142150
Beyond that there are literally 5-6 4 star and up LBS in state in 2015, including a Glenville stud in Draper. It's a class that needs to be watched.


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Hydraulic fracturing technology for improving permeability in gas-bearing coal seams in underground coal mines
B.X. HuangI; C.M. HuangII, III; Q.Y. ChengIII; C.H. HuangIV; W.C. XueI
ISchool of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
IIThe first Shoushan coal mine of Pingbao Coal Mining Corporation, Xuchang, China
IIIFaculty of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
IVThe tenth mine of Pingdingshan Coal Mining Corporation, Pingdingshan, China
Hydraulic fracturing technology is presented as a solution to improve permeability and thus solve the extraction problem of coal seam gas in low-permeability gas-bearing coal seams. Given an existing group of original cracks, the propagation of main hydraulic cracks and hydraulic wing cracks was simulated using realistic failure process analysis software. The process represents the structural transformation of hydraulic fracturing and permeability improvements caused by it. In addition, a field test for improving the permeability of gassy coal seams by hydraulic fracturing was also conducted. The propagation of the main cracks and wing cracks by hydraulic fracturing forms a network of original joint cracks, hydraulic wing cracks, and main hydraulic cracks, which improve the permeability of the coal seam. High-pressure water in the drill hole and in the main hydraulic cracks permeates the two flanks of the hole, forming the permeating water pressure. With an increase in drill water pressure and an extension of the main hydraulic cracks, the permeating water pressure on both sides of the main hydraulic cracks in the coal mass also increases. Hydraulic cracks tend to form connections through rock bridges. The extension of hydraulic wing cracks through connections in the rock bridges between the cracks transforms the rock mass to a fractured structure and improves its permeability. Hydraulic fracturing technology for improving permeability in underground conditions can increase the amount of gas drainage by a factor of 15. A stress relief area develops at a radial distance of 10-20 m from the hydraulic fracturing drill hole, while an area of rising stresses, called the pressurized area, develops a further 15 m away from the pressurized hole. Practice has proved the existence of the stress transfer phenomenon and the high stress area after fracturing. This kind of hydraulic fracturing technology is more effective in holes drilled from underground than in surface drill holes, with respect to costs and controllability, and is therefore the major trend in gas drainage development in coal mines.
Keywords: coal seam, gas, hydraulic fracturing, crack propagation, improving permeability.
China has a total of 825 high-gas coal mines (state-owned coal mines and state-owned local mines). Most of these coal seams have low permeability, and some even have a high adsorption capacity and poor desorption, such as the Xishan Mine Area. There are 274 pairs of coal and gas outburst mines around the country, representing 45 per cent of the total number of the world's outburst mines. China has the highest prevalence of coal and gas outburst accidents in the world, with more than 11 500 recorded accidents, leading to the most serious mining death toll in the world.
Hydraulic fracturing technology applications in the oil industry are very mature. Much research has been directed toward the flow, stress, and damage (FSD) coupling damage behaviour of hydraulic fracturing1-3, filtration law4, filtration and the impact of pore pressure gradient formed by filtration on the hydraulic crack tip cracking5-6, crack tip stress perturbations7, repeated fracturing8 and geophysical monitoring of hydraulic fracturing9. Currently, hydraulic fracturing technology has been applied to many other industries. The techniques used in natural gas extraction through drilling of surface wells have been applied to the extraction of coal-bed gas by hydraulic fracturing technology10-12, but there are still many problems to study.]]> A coal mine is different from an oil field. The underground tunnels connect directly with the coal seam, so providing a space for underground hydraulic fracturing operations. Based on this, techniques for improving the permeability of gas-bearing coal seams in underground coal mines by hydraulic fracturing have beendeveloped. The underground drills for improving the permeability of the coal seam (thereby weakening it) for hydraulic fracturing are arranged around the mining area. The drill holes are mostly horizontal or inclined. During mining, the stress field distribution around the drill is very complex and dynamic13. Because the oil drill and coal seam gas drills are directed mostly from the surface, the rock surrounding the fracturing drill is basically in the original state of stress, and the stress distribution remains relatively stable. A coal mass is a brittle medium in which joint cracks develop well14, and the integrity of rock fractured from surface wells is significantly better than that of coal seams. Because of the physical and mechanical properties of the coal mass and the impact of mining, the methods and technology of weakening a coal mass and improving its permeability by hydraulic fracturing cannot replicate those used in the oil industry. Hydraulic fracturing practices employed in coal mines have already proven this point.
Technology of hydraulic fracturing for improving permeability
In hydraulic fracturing of coal seams, the borehole water pressure is used to change the stress state in the coal mass adjacent to the borehole, leading to crack initiation and propagation (Figure 1). Fissure water pressure is used to control the extension of the main hydraulic crack. Meanwhile, with the expansion of the main hydraulic crack, water under pressure penetrates into both sides of the cracks. The infiltration water pressure can cause further extension of the original cracks, which extend generally perpendicular to the direction of minimum principal stress, resulting in a certain angle between the expanded wing crack and the original crack surface. The increased crack density in the coal rock mass can improve the connectivity of the crack network. Adding proppant (fine sand) increases the size of the crack openings, and the network formed by the original joint cracks, wing cracks, and the main hydraulic cracks can improve the coal seam permeability. Meanwhile, crack extension not only leads to structural damage but also weakens the overall coal mass. Moreover, sufficient moisture and absorption further weaken the coal seam itself15. The key is to control the hydraulic crack initiation and extension and to have a good knowledge of the relationship between the spatial distribution of structural changes and permeability changes in the coal mass under water pressure.
Structural changes in the coal rock mass induced by hydraulic fracturing
A large amount of research in coal mines has shown that the original cracks in the coal seam often occur in groups. Within the horizontal projection plane, they form a pair of parallel cracks or two staggered parallel cracks. Fissure water pressure resulting from water penetration will cause extension of the original crack wing, leading to destruction of the coal microstructure. In order to demonstrate some possible mechanisms of fracture network formation, simple two-dimensional numerical simulation models of hydraulic fracturing were established by using realistic failure process analysis (RFPA) software. The morphology and structural damage caused by the main hydraulic crack and wing crack extension and the effects of different numbers of original crack groups on hydraulic crack extension were simulated and analysed.]]> A brief introduction to RFPA
RFPA was developed by Professor Tang Chunan of the Dalian University of Technology. It is a variety of numerical test software that can simulate the progressive failure of a material2,16. The calculation method is based on finite-element theory and statistical damage theory. This method takes into account the nonuniformity of material properties and the random distribution of defects. In the RFPA system, after the stress solver completes the stress and strain calculation for each element, the program is transferred to a phase-change analysis mode, which checks each element's phase change based on phase transformation criteria. According to the type of phase change, the phase-change elements are processed by weakening stiffness (such as cracks or separation) or rebuilding stiffness (such as compaction or exposure). Finally, the elements' new physical and mechanical parameters for the whole medium, which are used for the iterative calculation, are generated. The material's microdefects can be simulated by a special mapping tool that considers the joints, cracks, and other macroscopic defects. The RFPA2D system has the function of simulating and analysing the phenomena of flow-structure interaction (such as hydraulic fracturing, water inrush, or rock seepage), gas-solid coupling (coal and gas outbursts), and temperature-stress field coupling2.
Numerical simulation program
A cubic coal specimen with a section of 500 x 500 mm was taken as the test model. A two-dimensional model was established for the specimen section. Using the plane strain method, the specimen was divided into 200 x 200 units. The numerical simulation program is shown in Table I and Figure 2. The modified Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, which takes the tension rupture of the rock material into account, is accepted as the failure criterion of rock2. In the test, the drilling water pressure was increased stepwise to simulate the hydraulic fracturing process. In Program 1, an equably distributed group of cracks of 90 mm spacing, void ratio of 0.2, length of 25 mm, and angle of 15° was used. Program 2 adds a group of cracks with the same crack density and angle as the previous program. A hole 50 mm in diameter is then drilled into the centre of the block. The water pressure on the drill wall is increased in steps of 0.25 MPa from an initial pressure value of 0 MPa.
In the simulation, the flow, stress, and damage coupling model is accepted as the solid-liquid coupling model2. This model takes into account not only the gradual expansion process of the hydraulic crack tip, but also the water seepage at the crack tip, stress, and damage coupling. The viscosity of water is 1.0050 x 10-3 Pa-s. The effect of water seepage as a function of time can also be reflected through a set-up of iterative times and time span for dynamic problems under the given water pressure in the seepage time option. The output results are the shear stress, acoustic emission, the elastic modulus, and a hydraulic contour map.
Analysis of simulation results
Expansion law for the main hydraulic crack
The structural damage morphology of hydraulic fracturing under the conditions of just one group of original cracks is shown in Figure 3. Pressure water within the borehole penetrates the surrounding rock, increasing the pore water pressure. In the nonhydrostatic stress field, the pore water pressure contour formed by penetration has an oval-shaped distribution: the maximum hydraulic gradient is in the direction of minimum principal stress (σ3), while the minimum hydraulic gradient is in the direction of maximum principal stress (σ1). With increasing distance from the drill, the hydraulic gradient decreases.
]]> Under the coupling action of the pore water pressure and the in situ stress, in the model with a single set of 15° angle cracks, the orifice began to crack when the water pressure reached 1.25 MPa, whereas the main hydraulic crack extended stably when the water pressure was in the range of 3-3.25 MPa. Hydraulic cracks expanded perpendicularly to the minimum principal stress direction. The crack tip was most likely to initiate tension rupture along the direction of the minimum hydraulic gradient, leading to hydraulic crack propagation. Therefore, it can be said that under the action of in situ stress, hydraulic cracks extend along the direction of the minimum pore water pressure gradient. When the water pressure was 3.5 MPa, the main hydraulic crack was close to the original cracks. Because the rock bridges (i.e. areas of unfractured rock spanning the distance between two crack tips) between the main hydraulic crack tips and the original cracks were short, the extension direction of the main hydraulic crack was deflected. The main hydraulic crack and the original wing crack expanded through the lower part of the model but not in the upper part of the model, though they had a similar trend; the main hydraulic crack continued extending along the other side of the original wing cracks.
Expansion law for the wing crack
High-pressure water penetrated around the drilling hole and the two sides of the main hydraulic crack, increasing the hydraulic seepage pressure. With the increase of drilling water pressure and the extension of the main hydraulic crack, the seepage pressure in the rock mass on both sides of the main hydraulic crack also increased. In the model with one group of original cracks, under the in situ stress field, the original cracks produced wing cracks gradually, but, overall, their length was relatively short.
Double groups of original cracks had an impact on the crustal stress. The existence of original cracks leads to stress concentration near the crack tips (Figure 4). Groups of cracks propagating together intensified the local stress concentration in the rock, and microcracks appeared in the right-trending group (Figure 5a). Under the impact of drilling pressure relief, orifice cracking occurred when the drill water pressure was 0 MPa. Around the drill, the further extension of the original cracks formed microcracks, followed by wing cracks.
With time and an increase in drilling water pressure, the pore water pressure in the surrounding rock increases. The coupling between pore water pressure and skeletal stress led to an increase in the stress intensity factor of the main hydraulic crack and wing crack tips. At a drill water pressure of 3 MPa, the main hydraulic crack extended steadily, and the original wing cracks also expanded along the direction perpendicular to the direction of minimum principal stress. At a water pressure of 3.75 MPa, the main hydraulic crack extended intermittently, and it connected with the original wing crack through the rock bridge (Figure 5c). The main hydraulic crack continued to extend along the other end of the wing crack. With the increase of permeating water pressure, the length of the hydraulic wing cracks grew (Figure 6). Because the pore water pressure on both sides of the model was relatively smaller, the extension of the original cracks was significantly smaller than that near the main hydraulic cracks.
Effect of hydraulic fracturing on coal permeability and gas desorption
Gas exists mainly within the pores of the coal seam. For efficient extraction of gas, we must enhance coal porosity, fracture (cleat) and the connectivity to drilling, ease of gas desorption, seepage, and diffusion. The extension of the main hydraulic crack and wing crack played a role in increasing the cutting degree to coal seam, thus resulting in a structural transformation of the fractured coal mass. The main hydraulic crack and wing cracks increased the fracture density within the coal seam and improved the gas flow channels between the pores and the drill hole, thereby increasing the permeability of the coal seam.]]> Under the influence of high-pressure water, the stress state of the coal mass changes due to internal displacement, and structural damage ensues. The extension of hydraulic cracks reduces the stress in some parts, which improves gas desorption owing to pressure relief. Meanwhile, after the water permeates the coal mass, the physical effect of water on the coal and gas is very complex. Water in the coal mass significantly inhibits gas emission, and can reduce the desorption rate of adsorbed gas. Therefore, coal-bed methane extraction by hydraulic fracturing should be undertaken using a high flow rate of water to induce rapid fracturing, increase the pressure range of crack extension, and reduce the infiltration of fracturing fluid, which will be conducive to subsequent gas drainage.
Test programme for hydraulic fracturing to improve permeability in underground coal mines
General situation at the working face
The tenth mine of the Pingdingshan Coal Mining Corporation is located in the eastern part of Pingdingshan, and was put into operation in February 1964. The mine's gas emissions have increased every year. In 2008, the absolute emission of gas was 130.20 m3/min, and the relative emission was 33.48 m3/t, which was the largest emission from any Henan coal mine.
The test site was the haulage tunnel of the F15-24080 working face, F-4 district of the tenth coal mine of Pingdingshan. The ground elevation is +150 to +280 m, and the working face elevation is -580 to -660 m. The average inclined length of the working face is 188 m, and the strike length is 1804 m; the thickness of the F15 coal seam is between 1.6 and 2.3 m (generally around 2 m). The structure of the coal seam is simple. Its dip angle is relatively gentle in the eastern part of the district, usually about 10°. In the middle and upper parts, the dip angle is larger, being about 25°-30°, whereas it is usually about 20° in the western part.
The coal seam roof of the F15-24080 working face is mudstone and sandy mudstone, with a thickness of 11-18 m. The F16 coal seam, which is 1.25-1.43 m in thickness, is beneath the F15 coal seam, and its floor strata is shale of 1.1-1.5 m thickness (Figure 7). A parting layer of 0-0.72 m separates the two coal seams. The F15 coal seam has a hardness coefficient of 0.24-0.37, and the original moisture content of the coal mass is 0.94 per cent. The coal seam of the working face has a gas pressure of 2.4 MPa and a gas content of 30 m3/t, which makes it an outburst seam. The seam has a poor permeability coefficient of only 0.0013 mD (Millidarcy), which makes extracting gas from the coal seam sometimes difficult.
Implementation plan
The following equipment is used:
Fracturing pump-type BRW400/31.5 emulsion pump for the coal mine, with a rated pressure of 31.5 MPa and a rated flow of 400 L/min.
Water tanks: iron, with a volume of 3 m3. Pressure gauge: type YHY60 (B) digital pressure gauge of intrinsic safety type for coal mines. Handheld collector: type FCH32/0.2 intrinsic safety type for coal mines.
Pipeline-High-pressure pipeline: selected high-pressure hoses with inner diameters of 25 and 38 mm and corresponding compressive strengths of 38 and 35 MPa.
Seamless steel tube: external diameter of 38 mm, inner diameter of 27 mm, and pipe thickness of 5.5 mm, with the length of each section being 3 m. The inner tube wall of the drill packer was open with a drill density of 10 holes per metre, and the bottom of the steel tube was closed.]]> Drill packer-special capsule drill packer, with compressive strength of not less than 35 MPa, external diameter of 55 mm, length of 5-20 m and pressure expansion coefficient of 40 per cent.
Drilling tool-Drilling rig: the first type of production drill hole used a type CMS1-1200/30J hydraulic deep drill rig for coal mines, produced in Jiangyin. Its drill pipe was a spiral with Ф = 100 mm, and bit of Ф = 120 mm. These rigs were used for the drilling construction before and after fracturing; the second type used a type ZL-1200 electric coal drill, produced in Chongqing. Its drill pile was of Ф = 50 mm, and its bit of Ф = 66 mm. These rigs were used for the fracturing drilling.
Electromagnetic radiation instrument-type KBD5 electromagnetic radiation instrument of intrinsic safety type for coal mines for coal and gas outbursts.
Injection pump-type 2ZBQ-11.5/3, with a rated pressure of 3 MPa and a rated flow of 11.5 L/min.
The process is as follows: Water supply pipe → Water tank → Connecting pipe → Water injection pump → High-pressure water pipe → Special drill packer → Drill a hole → Coal mass.
A total of seven coal seam hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted. The F15-24080 haulage tunnel coal seam, the test holes, and observation holes had already been arranged when the two hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted (Figure 8). In addition, the water pressure curve of hydraulic fracturing, observational data, and other test results were also completed beforehand.
Specifications for hydraulic fracturing hole drilling and sealing
No. 1 fracturing drill hole-The specifications of the No. 1 hole are as follows: depth = 50 m, elevation = 15°, diameter = 66 mm, and distance from the No. 2 fracturing hole = 68 m. A special capsule sealing device was used, with a length of 20 m and a sealing depth of 25 m. The observation hole was sealed with cement mortar. Within the fracturing area, the drainage hole was sealed with polyurethane. The drainage hole was connected with an 8-inch drainage pipe for gas extraction.
No. 2 fracturing drilling hole-The specifications of the No. 2 hole were identical to those for hole No. 1.
Process of hydraulic fracturing
To obtain the coal seam fracturing pressure and other parameters, a smaller displacement was adopted in the No. 1 hydraulic fracturing hole, and the measured displacement during the test was 120-140 L/min. The water pressure for hydraulic fracturing is shown in Figure 9. First, a pressure regulation test was conducted. After water injection for 3 minutes the water pressure reached 12 MPa, and the hole wall began to rupture. The rupture water pressure of the coal seam was therefore considered to be 12 MPa. After the initiation of rupture, the water pressure dropped sharply to 7 MPa for 6 minutes. Pumping was then stopped for 6 minutes, and the water pressure slowly dropped because of infiltration of the coal seams. After 13 minutes of additional pumping, formal fracturing began. By 16 minutes the water pressure rose to 14 MPa and repeated water pressure fluctuations occurred, but the overall water pressure trend was upward, indicating that within the coal seam several small hydraulic cracks had opened in the expansion. By 21 minutes the water pressure had risen to 15 MPa, after which there was a substantial decline, indicating a larger hydraulic crack expansion. Fluctuations in water pressure occurred, and then the pressure continued to rise until reaching a maximum value of 16 MPa. Then, overall, the water pressure trended downward and essentially stabilized after 73 minutes at a value of 14.4-14.6 MPa. Crack extensions caused the water pressure to drop to 12 MPa or so, further corroborating our finding that the fracturing pressure of the coal seam was 12 MPa. At 216 minutes, the pump was turned off. At 221 minutes, the water was drained to relieve water pressure, and conditions near the hole were observed. At 321 min, pumping resumed and the water pressure quickly rose to 14 MPa. Because the closed crack, which had been fractured, opened up again, the fracturing pressure dropped sharply to 11 MPa. Water pressure then gradually increased to 15.8 MPa, and then dropped drastically to a steady 14.5 MPa. At 380 minutes after the first rapid decrease of water pressure, the pressure dropped to 8.2 MPa and remained unchanged. The unchanged pressure value indicated that given the pump displacement, the hydraulic fracture had extended to the tunnel or other free space and would not continue extending. The pump was turned off to stop fracturing at 391 minutes. At 398 minutes, the water was drained to relieve pressure. The total fracturing time was 279 minutes and 35 m3 of fracturing fluid had been pumped.
Field observations of the No. 1 hole fracturing test showed that there was considerable water running from the predrainage holes and bolt holes of the haulage tunnel and some water running linearly at some bolt trays. The most distant water was draining as far as 36 m from the fracturing hole, indicating that the extent of fracturing had reached 36 m. The joint and crack of the coal seam were relatively well developed, so the infiltration was large. The hydraulic fracturing pressure of 120-140 L/min displacement fluctuated significantly, indicating that the pump displacement was not adequate. Insufficient displacement resulted in fracturing of long duration, too low a water pressure, and limited crack propagation. Therefore, hydraulic fracturing of underground coal seams should use a high-flow high-pressure fracturing pump.
The measured pump displacement of the No. 2 hole was about 200 L/min. When the water pressure reached 15 MPa, it stabilized for 5 minutes, and the drill hole wall ruptured, forming hydraulic cracks. In this condition, therefore, the coal seam fracturing pressure was 15 MPa. Field tests proved that increasing the displacement of the coal seam pump will lead to an increase in the fracturing pressure. The water pressure quickly increased after the infusion of water, stabilizing at 26-28 MPa at 16 minutes. After 80 minutes of pumping, the water pressure rapidly decreased to 24 MPa, followed quickly by a rise to 28 MPa. At 83 minutes, the pump was stopped to make observations for safety reasons, so the water pressure quickly dropped to 0 MPa. Pumping was continued after 13 minutes of observation, and the water pressure stabilized at 26 MPa. At 137 minutes, the water pressure began to fluctuate rapidly between 22-28 MPa for 18 minutes. This showed that the hydraulic cracks may extend to a huge surface structure. Pumping was stopped at 155 minutes. The total fracturing time was 2 hours and 36 minutes and 21 m3 of fracturing fluid of had been pumped.
During the hydraulic fracturing test of the No. 2 hole, water flowed from the scrapped drainage hole 76.4 m away from the fracturing hole. That was because a fault zone (with a gap of 1 m) connected the scrapped drainage hole with the fracturing cracks. The fault was located about 53 m away from the final fracturing hole. This shows that the maximum radius of the fracturing zone was 53 m or more. On the whole, the water pressure curve of the No. 2 hole was much smoother than that of the no. 1 hole. The water pressure and the fracturing crack propagation range of the No. 2 hole were significantly greater than those of the No. 1 hole, but the No. 2 hole used only 60 per cent of the amount of water in the No. 1 hole. Coal seam hydraulic fracturing technology therefore needs to adopt a high-flow pump and a fast fracturing technology to increase the fracture extension range and reduce the fracturing fluid infiltration, which would be conducive to subsequent gas drainage. During the hydraulic fracturing test, no water permeated out from the fracturing hole, indicating that the use of a special sealing device could meet the hydraulic fracturing sealing requirements in a coal seam dipping at 13°.
Test analysis
Effect of gas drainage
Single-hole gas drainage volume before and after hydraulic fracturing
For the No. 1 hole, the nearest drainage hole to the fracturing hole, before fracturing, the largest single-hole gas density was 14 per cent, the largest gas drainage flow rate was 0.0087 m3/min, the cumulative drainage flow rate for 20 days was 0.0354 m3/min, and the attenuation period was about 7 days (Figure 10). After fracturing, the largest single-hole gas density was 26 per cent, the largest gas drainage flow rate was 0.0144 m3/min and the cumulative gas drainage flow rate for 20 days was 0.2018 m3/min (Figure 11). After fracturing, the single-hole gas drainage volume had increased by a factor of 5.9 over that before fracturing in the same period, and the attenuation period had been prolonged significantly.]]>
Two-group hole gas drainage volume before and after fracturing
Each group consisted of seven holes. Before fracturing, the largest single-hole gas density was 20 per cent, the largest gas drainage flow rate was 0.0130 m3/min, the cumulative drainage flow rate for 20 days was 0.1380 m3/min and the average gas drainage flow rate was 0.0011 m3/min (Figure 12). After fracturing, the largest single-hole gas density was 26 per cent, the largest gas drainage flow rate was 0.0144 m3/min, the cumulative gas drainage flow rate was 2.0737 m3/min, and the average gas drainage flow rate was 0.0148 m3/min. After fracturing, the gas drainage volume had increased by a factor of 15 over that before fracturing.]]>
The change of gas pressure before and after fracturing
The original coal seam gas pressure before fracturing was 2.4 MPa. Within the radius of influence of the fracturing, the measured residual gas pressure was 0.02 MPa after drilling and drawing the gas out.
Fractured radius and changes in moisture
Before fracturing, by testing the drilling sample, the original moisture content of the coal mass was 0.94 per cent. After hydraulic fracturing, a hole was drilled every 10 m from the fracturing hole and samples at hole depths of 20 and 40 m were analysed for moisture content. The results are shown in Figure 13.
According to the test results, the moisture content of the coal mass was between 1.2 per cent and 2.89 per cent; the moisture content 60 m away from the hydraulic fracturing hole was 1.2 per cent, close to the original moisture content of 0.94 per cent. According to the raw data, the water injection moist radius under static pressure was 3-5 m. It can be therefore be determined that the fracturing radius under 29 MPa pressure is 55-57 m.
Stress variation before and after fracturing near the fracturing drilling hole
During the two hours before and after the fracturing test, a KDB5 electromagnetic radiation (ER) instrument was used to measure the electromagnetic radiation intensity for a distance of 120 m on each side of the fracturing hole. The results are shown in Figure 14.
The average ER intensity was 27 mV before fracturing and 35 mV after fracturing, an increase of 8 mV (30 per cent). The average intensity value around the fracturing hole dropped from 30 mV before fracturing to 20 mV. The general electromagnetic radiation intensity and pulse count after fracturing had increased compared with the values before fracturing. The largest increase in average intensity was 11 mV overall. Within 25 m of the fracturing hole, the increase in intensity was lower, with the largest increase being 9 mV. At distances greater than 25 m, the intensity increase was much more significant, and the largest average intensity increase was 14 mV. This demonstrates that the gas content and stress distribution of the coal mass around the fracturing hole had moved. Within 10-20 m on two sides of the centre of the hydraulic fracturing drill hole, a stress relief area developed; a further 15 m outside, there developed an area of increased stress (pressurized area).]]> Problems with a jetting hole and a sticking tool were encountered when drilling was conducted to a depth of 10-20 m before fracturing. However, after fracturing, few abnormal phenomena were observed within 30 m of the hydraulic fracturing hole at a depth of 45-75 m. This shows that the original rock stress and gas stress of the coal mass had been transferred to the deeper part after fracturing, causing the abnormalities to move to greater depth. As the distance between the drilling and the fracturing hole increased, the depth at which the drilling abnormalities emerge began to decrease gradually. The drilling crumbsweight, the intensity and duration of jetting, and other abnormal phenomena were more pronounced than in the area beyond 30 m of the fracturing hole. This indicates that the gas near the hydraulic fracturing hole is transferred to the two sides of the hole, which verifies the existence of the stress transfer phenomenon and the high stress area after fracturing.
From the ER measurement results, after hydraulic fracturing the pulse counts and pulse amplitude in the coal mass within 10 m around the hydraulic fracturing hole both decreased significantly, leading to a decrease in the peak value of abutment pressure and a shift in peak positions to the deeper part of the coal wall. Thus hydraulic fracturing plays a role in controlling coal and gas outbursts.
Comparative analysis of the improved permeability resulting from hydraulic fracturing through a surface well
Social benefits
]]> Economic benefits
The gas drainage density of the coal mass after hydraulic fracturing is greatly increased. Full use of high-density gas (so far used mainly for power, about 7000 kWh per day) has reduced atmospheric pollution caused by gas emissions, achieving the aims of energy savings, emission reduction, and environmental protection
After hydraulic fracturing, gas drainage reduces the gas content and gas pressure in the coal mass and the internal stress distribution of the coal mass is altered, thus reducing the chance of coal and gas outbursts or pressure bumps and ensuring safer production
After hydraulic fracturing, the increase of the moisture content in the coal mass is reduced, as is the amount of dust created during mining, thus improving the working environment
The equipment for hydraulic fracturing technology is simple and easy to operate, and requires only a small investment.
Cost estimates for hydraulic fracturing through a surface drilling well are shown in Table II. The reasonable range of applicability for hydraulic fracturing technology through surface drilling is an ellipsoid with a major axis radius of 100 m and a minor axis radius of 30 m, with a total area of 9420 m2. The total cost of hydraulic fracturing is 2.162 million yuan RMB (6.3 yuan ≈ 1 US dollar), and the cost per unit area is about 229.5 yuan.
Cost estimates for hydraulic fracturing in an underground tunnel are shown in Table III. So far, the influence range of hydraulic fracturing in an underground mine is about 50 m long and 40 m wide, for an area of 2000 m2. The total cost is 55500 yuan, or about 27.75 yuan per unit area.
This comparison between surface and underground hydraulic fracturing shows that underground drilling can save considerable costs (201.75 yuan per unit area, representing an 88 per cent reduction) compared with surface drilling.
Comparison with surface hydraulic fracturing technology
Gas drainage rate and controllability
The drilling depth for surface hydraulic fracturing is greater, making the projects larger. In addition, surface hydraulic fracturing requires a lot of casing to ensure coal seam fracturing. This results in a certain risk of layer location control in fracturing. China's current success rate for gas drainage of coal-bed methane wells is about 40 per cent. Conducting hydraulic fracturing in underground coal mines is easier to accomplish than from surface. The drilling depth is relatively less, and the drilling direction is easy to control. After fracturing, the drilling hole can serve as a gas drainage hole as well, but drilling a specialized gas drainage hole around the fracturing hole in a mine is also feasible. The success rate of drilling gas drainage from underground is 100 per cent.
Impact on mine water inrush
For surface coal-bed gas wells, the coal seam is mined during their service period. During mining, wells can easily act as channels for mine water inrush if there is water in the overlying strata. Underground coal seam drilling hydraulic fracturing technology needs only short drilling depths, and the length of hydraulic fracture extension is relatively short. Underground drilling therefore has no impact on mine water inrush.
Impact on strata control of the surrounding rock Both surface and underground hydraulic fracturing technology for improving permeability and weakening the coal seam influence how effectively the surrounding rock can be controlled. Relatively speaking, with underground hydraulic fracturing it is easier to control the fracture morphology extension than with surface hydraulic fracturing. Underground hydraulic fracturing therefore has a relatively smaller impact on the strata control of surrounding rock.]]> Impact on coal and gas outbursts
Because of the objective existence of the stress transferring phenomenon and the high stress area after hydraulic fracturing, no final conclusion regarding the effect of hydraulic fracturing on coal and gas outburst risk can be reached. If hydraulic fracturing causes a local stress concentration, it may increase the risk of coal and gas outbursts. Because underground hydraulic fracturing makes it easier to control the morphology of hydraulic fracturing cracks than surface hydraulic fracturing, an underground fracturing programme can be optimized through the interaction of adjacent fracturing to minimize the impact of local stress concentrations caused by single-hole hydraulic fracturing on coal and gas outbursts.
Given the aspects of costs, controllability, the success rate of gas drainage, the impact on mine water inrush, the impact on coal and gas outbursts and risk control, underground hydraulic fracturing technology is superior to hydraulic fracturing technology using wells drilled from surface. Thus, a major trend has developed towards underground drilling hydraulic fracturing technology for gas drainage in coal mining.
The extension of the main hydraulic crack and wing cracks during hydraulic fracturing forms a network consisting of the original joint cracks, hydraulic wing cracks, and the main hydraulic crack, which improves the permeability of the coal seam
High-pressure water in the drill and in the main hydraulic crack permeates the two flanks, forming the permeating water pressure. With increasing drill water pressure and extension of the main hydraulic crack, the permeating water pressure on both sides of the main hydraulic crack in the coal mass also increases
Hydraulic cracks tend to connect through rock bridge lines. The extension of hydraulic wing cracks and the connections of rock bridges among the cracks lead to a transformation of the fractured rock structure and improve the permeability of the rock mass]]> Technology for improving permeability using hydraulic fracturing in underground conditions has greatly improved drill gas drainage. After hydraulic fracturing, the gas drainage volume can be increased by a factor of 15 over that before fracturing
Within 10-20 m on two sides from the centre of the hydraulic fracturing drill hole, a stress relief area is created; 15 m further out, an area of increased stress (pressurized area) forms. Experience has proved the existence of the stress transfer phenomenon and the high stress area after fracturing.
Coal seam hydraulic fracturing technology needs to adopt high-flow pumps and fast fracturing technology to increase the fracture extension range and reduce the infiltration of fracturing fluid, which is conducive to subsequent gas drainage
Improved permeability technology using hydraulic fracturing in underground coal mines is superior to surface-well fracturing in terms of controllability and economics. Thus there is a major trend towards the use of underground drilling for gas drainage in coal mining.
Financial support for this work, provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51004104) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2011CB201200), is gratefully acknowledged.
1. Ruiting, W. Some fundamental mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing. PhD. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, 2006. p. 16. [ Links ]
2. Tang, C.A., Tham, L.G., and Lee, P.K.K. Coupling analysis of flow stress and damage (FSD) in rock failure. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 39, no. 4, 2002. pp. 477-489. [ Links ]
3. Papanastasiou, P.C. A coupled elastoplastic hydraulic fracturing model. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 34, no. 3-4. 1997 pp. 240-254. [ Links ]
4. Piggott, A.R. Static and dynamic calculation of formation fluid displacement induced by hydraulic fracturing. Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 20, 1996. pp. 714-718. [ Links ]
5. Lenoach, B. The crack tip solution for hydraulic fracturing in a permeable solid. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 43, no. 7, 1995. pp. 1025-1043. [ Links ]
6. Ito, T. Effect of pore pressure gradient on fracture initiation in fluid saturated porous media: Rock. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 75, 2008. pp. 1753-1762. [ Links ]
7. Rahman, M.K and Joarder, A.H. Investigating production-induced stress change at fracture tips: Implications for a novel hydraulic fracturing technique. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol. 51, 2006. pp. 185-196. [ Links ]
8. Zhang, G.Q. and Chen, M. Dynamic fracture propagation in hydraulic re-fracturing. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol. 70, 2010. pp. 266-272. [ Links ]
9. Ishida, T. Acoustic emission monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in laboratory and field. Construction and Building Materials, vol. 15, 2001. pp. 283-295. [ Links ]
10. Warren, T.M. and Hayatdavoudi, A. Hydraulic fracturing thin coal seams in preparation for in situ gasification. Mechanical Engineering, vol. 99, no. 2, 1977. pp. 139-139. [ Links ]
11. Zuber, M.D., Reeves S.R., Jones, A.H., and Schraufnagel, R.A. Variability in coal bed methane well performance-A case study. Journal of Petroleum Technology, vol. 43, no. 4, 1991. pp. 468-475. [ Links ]
12. Olovyanny, A.G. Mathematical modeling of hydraulic fracturing in coal seams. Journal of Mining Science, vol. 41, no. 1, 2005. pp. 61-67. [ Links ]
13. Huang, B.X. Research on theory and application of hydraulic fracture weakening for coal-rock mass. PhD thesis, China University of Mining and Technology, 2009. [ Links ]
14. Chertkov, V.Y. and Ravina, I. Networks originating from the multiple cracking of different scales in rocks and swelling soils. International Journal of Fracture, vol. 128, no. 1-4, 2004. pp. 263-270. [ Links ]
15. Huang, B.X., et. al. Hydraulic fracturing theory of coal-rock mass and its technical framework. Journal of Mining Safety and Engineering, vol. 28, no. 2, 2011. pp. 167-173. [ Links ]
16. Tang, C. and Zhao, W. RFPA2D system for rock failure process analysis. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 16, no. 5, 1997. pp. 507-508. [ Links ]
Paper received Jan. 2012
Revised paper received Feb. 2012


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Fair ~
High: 48°F
Monday, Jan. 23, 2017
Oh, the things we doPosted Thursday, July 1, 2010, at 8:57 AM
We humans do some of the funniest, or strangest things if you stop to think about it. For instance, I was working in our yard recently when I noticed there was quite a lot of grass in my rose garden, so I went to the shed to get a hoe. For you young people who may not know what that is, it is a tool for chopping grass. Every time I do this I think about the 'chopping cotton days'. That was when we actually went to cotton fields and chopped the grass away from the cotton. Gosh, some of those rows were
long. But that was a long time ago.
After I had been chopping away at the grass for several minutes, I looked over and saw my husband. After another bout in the hospital recently, he was supposed to be in the house. But, here he was outside throwing grass seed in an area where he recently had extra dirt brought in. Of course his goal is to get grass to grow on thisbare dirt.
After inquiring why he was outside and what was he doing, I continued my grass chopping. Shortly, I stopped chopping and leaned on my hoe and watched him. By now you know how my mind works. Well, I started thinking, "Something just isn't right about this scene!"
Here I am sweating, working on a good start of blisters on my hands, trying to do away with all this grass, and here he is throwing out grass seed to grow more grass! Well, I just shook my head and kept on chopping.
Later that evening I was watering parts of our yard where the grass is dying for lack of rain. Now I start thinking again! "Here I am watering the grass to make it grow, creating a larger water bill and this weekend someone is going to have to take their time to mow this same grass to get rid of it!" What are we people thinking?
When we lived in Alabama the kudzu vine was everywhere. If you know anything about it you know that it will cover everything in its path. You sure wouldn't want to take a slow stroll near it or you may never be seen or heard from again. I used to think I would like to start a kudzu park. Design metal animals of all kinds and let the kudzu grow on it and call it my 'kud-zoo'.
I didn't know there was any near us until our neighbor, Harry Bennett, found some behind our homes. I woke up one morning this week to find him burning something and learned it was kudzu! Now here I try to find a use for it and Harry is trying to rid us of it. I think he has a better idea since I do know its habits. Way to go, Harry!
See ya next time in the Korner. Thanks for all your e-mails and phone calls and stopping me when you see me to let me know you are enjoying Kathleen's Korner. That gives me the incentive to keep writing.
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Mz Kathleen, you spoke of long rows of cotton, my uncle once farmed the railroad right of ways and his rows were from Bragg City Mo to Hayti Mo, a total of some 10 miles. Speak of long rows, check that out sometimes and it was even more fun when cotton picking time came. Poor old mules had to pull the cotton trailer for miles.
Love the kudzu, take a trip along the Great River road from just east of the C'ville-Dyersburg bridge on Hwy 412 to Halls, Tennessee. A beautiful sight, well worth the trip.
Your Boat House friends.
-- Posted by Dexterite1 on Thu, Jul 1, 2010, at 1:05 PM
Kathleen, there certainly IS kudzu in Dexter! The largest and most visible infestation that I know of is at the intersection of Hiway 25 and --is that Old Business 60? -- across from Bud Shell. I did some research on it a while back.
See Madeline's blog archives - "The Vine that Ate the South."
I saw a recent story on KFVS about a goat project to eat the kudzu. It's very high in protein - very nutritious for goats and cattle.
-- Posted by goat lady on Thu, Jul 8, 2010, at 6:08 AM
Aaahh, so it WAS kudzu that I saw when I was up there last week. Goat Lady has found a proper use for it. Seems to me like it would be a very cheap food source for goats and cattle, if you could control its growth. I wonder if it could be baled like hay? Does it continue to grow during cold weather? Interesting..
-- Posted by BarbaraNTexas on Tue, Jul 13, 2010, at 5:34 PM
The first time I knew there was kudzu in Missouri was when we traveled back and forth from Alabama and Missouri. I can't remember exactly where, but after you crossed the bridges at Cairo, there was a spot of trees overgrown with it. It may have been done away with by now. I think I remember when we came home in the winter those trees were bare. But in the south because of the warm year round temperatures it stayed green pretty much all the time.I knew there was some in Missouri but didn't know it was right behind our home.
-- Posted by kd5475 on Fri, Jul 16, 2010, at 8:41 AM
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Kathleen is a resident of Dexter. She was born in Indiana, but her parents moved their family back to the Dexter area when she was three. Other than three years she and her husband, Collin, lived in St. Charles, Mo. and ten years in Birmingham, Alabama, she has spent her life in Dexter. As you can tell, Kathleen is a people person and believes in giving credit to whom credit is due. Thus, the reason for her hero/heroine column every other week in Kathleen's Korner. As you can tell, she also like to have fun, most of the time at her own expense. Kathleen (Grubbs) is a 1964 graduate of Dexter High School and invites her friends to her "Korner."
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"This is going to be mind blowing. Mind blowing…It's about having an architecture that would enable the creation of a self-sustaining city on Mars with the objective of being a multi-planet species and a true space-faring civilization and one day being out there among the stars…I'm so tempted to talk more about the details of it. But I have to restrain myself. "
Jaguar XJ
Most people with a passion for things automotive can remember a time in their youth when they steamed up a face-size oval on a local showroom's window while absorbing every curve and gleam of a must-have new car. Two of those moments remain sharp for me in an increasingly crowded and foggy memory: one was at age six in 1961, when I first laid eyes on the E-Type; the other was my 1968 introduction to the first XJ saloon, which looked like a piece of the future in the showroom near my school. Both were "Jags," and a far cry from my dad's black 1956 Mk I saloon with its rear fender skirts, whitewall tires and narrow gap-toothed radiator grille.
The E-Type earned a place in the heart of many a red-blooded male (and the girls lured into the passenger seat by its well endowed bonnet line), and the XJ was so right-first-time that the core design endured half a dozen facelifts until it was euthanized this year. The big saloon/sedan crouched low on massive, widely separated paws and bore virtually no resemblance to the absurdly wide and (for a Jag) vulgar Mk X/420G that it ended up replacing.
Jaguar has finally made a similarly clean break from the essential XJ, a shape that had survived for more than 40 years-a few of them beyond the sell-by date. The original XJ's racy roofline compromised rear-seat headroom, a shortcoming that Jaguar's designers chipped away at for years while for the most part preserving the appeal of the first XJ. In recent years, chipping gave way to more extensive re-profiling that (with the exception of the exhilarating and suitably big-footed XJR) made the final renditions of the XJ resemble matronly Lincolns.
In the context of the new XJ, the smaller XF sedan suddenly makes sense. When introduced in 2008, the XF looked to me like the result of a tryst between a Buick and a Lexus after the lights went out at the Jacob Javits Center one April night during a New York Auto Show. At the time, the XF struck me as remarkable only in that it had probably caused Jaguar patriarch Sir William Lyons to turn in his grave.
Maybe the XF laid the groundwork; maybe the new XJ hits a target the XF missed. Either way, the exterior, interior and performance of the new XJ hit the bulls-eye, emphasizing just how long overdue this clean break from the first XJ was.
The parking lot at my dad's golf club in the late 1950s and 1960s was a microcosm of England's social strata. The seriously wealthy rolled up in Bentleys bearing a set of MacGregor Tommy Armour Silver Scot clubs, and senior-management types and restrained self-made businessmen turned up in Jaguars, Humbers, Rovers and such. Below the stratospheric echelons of Bentleys, Rollers and the odd Facel Vega or Ferrari, the Jag was probably the most prized marque among the elevated common man.
History repeats itself because in 2011, unless nothing other than a Bentley cuts the mustard, the new Jaguar XJ is as far as you need look if it's a Bentley's leathery aura you desire. Outside it has a leaping cat instead of a flying B, but the feel and aroma of the XJ's interior is every bit as alluring as a Bentley's. If you analyze the two cars strictly rationally, the swift conclusion will be that you're paying a hefty premium for the warm fuzzy that comes with driving a Bentley.
The fit, finish and overall quality inside the Jag are close to faultless, my only gripe being the excess of chrome in the center console. In bright, high sunshine it is dazzling to the point of distraction, and I'd keep a small towel handy to drape over it when needed. From the front seats, the precise curving sweep of leather and burl wood from one side windowsill to the other as it traces the base of the windscreen is a powerful but understated design element. The blunt prow of the new XJ is Jaguar's response to the pedestrian impact regs that seem to be gradually disfiguring the familiar snout of many a new car design these days. Again, maybe the XF laid the groundwork, but this new XJ schnoz works.
Until I discovered and selected "dynamic mode," the XJ seemed a bit flabby and flustered by rough road, but that vanished with the push of the button and the appearance of the checkered-flag symbol in the liquid-crystal depiction of the instrument cluster. Suddenly the car felt up to the task of handling the 470 hp produced by the supercharged five-liter V8, which drives the rear wheels through a six-speed automatic transmission with selectable manual paddle shifting. Jaguar offers six flavors of XJ, comprising three V8 engines (385-hp naturally aspirated and 470- and 510-hp supercharged) and two wheelbases (standard or the five-inches-longer L).
The car tested mated the 470-hp supercharged engine with the standard wheelbase and standard 20-inch wheels and had a sticker price of $88,500. Its exterior paint was indigo blue and the interior was jet/London tan. A standard-wheelbase, naturally aspirated car weighs 4,045 pounds and carries a base price of about $72,700; at the other end of the range, a long-wheelbase 510-hp "Supersport" weighs 4,323 pounds and costs $113,200. India's Tata Group now owns Jaguar (along with Land Rover/Range Rover), and the XJ parts content includes approximately 55 percent UK, 25 percent Germany and 1 percent North America. The cars are assembled in Castle Bromwich (pronounced Bromm-itch, like Greenwich but not like sandwich), England, where the brand is known as Jag-yew-wuh. Jag-wah is in Mahwah, N.J., the company's North American headquarters. Well, at least the XJ speaks one language, understood by anyone who appreciates a spirited, capable and comfortable motor car.
The new XJ has the usual array of electronic entertainment and safety gizmos expected of cars in this class (Bluetooth, MP3, climate seats, dynamic stability control, blind-spot monitoring, adaptive cruise control, a 1,200-watt Bowers & Wilkins sound system and so on) and Jaguar long ago put to rest the jibes about Lucas, Prince of Darkness, and the passenger seat being there for the mechanic to ride along.
The 1973 E-Type I'm restoring will not be 100-percent original because, while it will retain its original V12 engine and four-speed stick, many of the hidden but crucial components that inspired the jokes are out, replaced by reliable modern substitutes. What does this have to do with the new XJ at hand? Jaguar is rightfully proud of a nearly 80-year heritage that produced some stunningly beautiful cars, XK120s, E-Types and XJs among them, and with its modern cars it has at last laid to rest the reputation for crankiness that those old beauties had acquired. This car deserves a close look.
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Wis. FoodShare program may see changes
MADISON, Wis. - Some big changes could be coming to the FoodShare Wisconsin program. Republican-backed Assembly Bill 110 would require those getting help paying for food to spend at least two-thirds of monthly benefits on items such as milk, bread and vegetables. The bill passed Tuesday 68-26 in the Assembly and will now go to the Senate.
Middleton Outreach Ministry works closely with families struggling to make ends meet. Executive Director Al Ripp said the legislation should come down to education, not limiting choices.
Every month, more than 3,000 Western Dane County families turn to Middleton Outreach Ministry for help. Ripp said many of its clients use the FoodShare Wisconsin program and are looking for healthier items.
"We do see a demand for those types of products from our clients as they come through the doors looking for those types of products so we do try and supply that," Ripp said.
In March, about 850,000 individuals used the FoodShare Wisconsin program. A new bill would require those using food stamps to make healthier choices. The Wisconsin State Association of Food Banks opposes Assembly Bill 110, saying the focus should be on education and healthy incentives. In a statement, Michelle Kramer, a spokesperson from Second Harvest, said the bill lacks specifics on what is defined as a healthy food, and there's no evidence to support a link between FoodShare and poor eating habits.
The Freshmobile rolls through communities six days a week. Manager Paul Borowski said it serves about 150 customers each week from all walks of life.
"We're located in places where people don't really have access to a grocery store," said Borowski.
The Freshmobile's 34-foot trailer is stocked full of fresh produce and pantry staples. Borowski says part of their mission is giving more communities access to these foods.
"I don't think any particular ethnic group, cultural group or income group has the monopoly on bad eating habits," said Borowski. MOM's executive director said it's seeing a 20 percent increase in people needing their food pantry this year. The organization supports better education about food.
"We really encourage them to make those choices themselves," Ripp said.
Local And Regional News
- Silver Alert issued for missing Marathon County man
- Police: Boy, 12, to officers at mall: 'I'm going to kill you, your wife, your children'
- Man shot in face testifies in homicide trial of Sophea Mouth
- Man suspected in another downtown Madison car break-in
- Pharmaceutical center in LaCrosse announces layoffs
- Warmer weather creates bumpy ride for drivers


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I really have no idea why I wanted to make this pizza so badly. I think I liked the name, ''Victory Pig''. It was very tasty and I will be making it again...and again.
I just couldn't resist shooting this video last night. It's so pretty when that cheese is bubbling & the crust is frying. It's hard to see in the video but the crust has pulled away from the sides of the pan as it baked. These pans are now well seasoned and the pizza just slides right onto a tray for cutting & serving.
On another note... I've noticed recently that while applying the sauce my dough will lose some gas and in turn produce a tray that is a little thinner than I'd prefer. Have you ever encountered this issue? Do you know if this normal for high hydration doughs?
I haven't encountered this before. I continue to tinker with the dough recipe and now I actually knock the crust down with my fingertips just before topping. Even after knocking them down though, I still get enough oven spring to raise them back up.
Season them well and expect some sticking the first few times you use them. Once you get past that, you're golden. I never wash mine. I scrape any stuck bits out, then just wipe them down with a paper towel to eliminate any excess oil from puddling when I store them. Unlike a restaurant that uses them everyday, as a home pizza baker, if you leave oil in them it will go rancid and you'll need to wipe it out of there before using them. Learned this the hard way, nothing like baking your pizza in rancid oil to get your attention.When I got them out of the box, I gave them the one & only washing with soap (Dawn) to remove the oils they were coated with for shipping, then rub them with Crisco and place them in a 250 degree oven upside down for 2-3 hrs. Then wipe them down & repeat. Mine come out with a beautiful oily coating on them and they're ready for some serious baking.Mine are all well seasoned at this point and I get minimal to no sticking whenever I bake in them now.s_b
I'll get there. I just need to keep baking my way through it but I'll get the flavor & consistency back to what I was getting in PA at some point.
Update: I found Contadina Crushed tomatoes in 28 oz cans at Amazon.com for $3.96 ea. Shipping for 3 cans is $4.99 so it's not too bad. Contadina is what I was using back east. I was buying them by the case at Costco. I ordered 3 cans which is enough for 9 trays so I should be able to get the flavor back to where I need it to be.Funny how you take the little things for granted like being able to just go to the grocery store and buy a can of crushed tomatoes with the flavor you need. Never, ever thought that different canned tomatoes would be an issue.
I think 5 and a quarter a can for Contadina is crazy. Can't you get your local grocer to carry some....it's a very common brand Steel.


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Re: Creating Variable Number of Models in One Form
great post. i have a question though:
when i submit the form, nothing gets saved.
when i look at the source for the page, for form looks like this:
<form action="/projects" method="post">
which looks like its missing something ( the :action part?), but maybe its some kind of new routes devilry.
also, you might want to mention something about setting up the map.resource :projects because the new.rhtml uses that projects_path shortcut... not being up to speed on this REST stuff i had to go searching around to find out what was going on
Last edited by pleatherrebel (2006-11-29 16:48:03)


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Apple Talks Cash, Share Price, at Investor Meeting
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Apple (AAPL) held its annual shareholder meeting earlier today, and touched on a variety of hot topics including the company's share price decline and its cash hoard.
CEO Tim Cook, who received a 99.1% approval rating from shareholders, said he and the board are not happy with Apple's share price compared to a few months ago, but reiterated that the iPhone maker is focused on the long term. Apple's share price has tumbled from a high of $705 in September to around $440, a fall of nearly 30%.
He continued to suggest that the lawsuit by Greenlight Capital's David Einhorn is a "silly sideshow", but did note that Apple's actively thinking about returning cash to shareholders. Apple's $137 billion cash hoard has attracted a lot of attention and Cook said Apple is in "very, very active" discussions on what to do with it.
While he didn't touch on any new products (as is the norm), Cook did say that Apple has products coming this year, and hinted that the tech giant may be looking at new categories. Recent rumors have suggested that Apple may announce a smart watch or a television set.
The Apple chief did mention the success of the iPhone and the iPad. Cook said that over 50% of iPad purchasers in countries like China and Brazil were first-time Apple buyers, and he was confident that the "halo-effect" surrounding the iPad would make them repeat Apple customers.
As part of this halo effect, Cook noted that Apple continues to see exceptional growth in China, where Apple generated $24 billion of revenue last year. "This is larger than any technology company in the United States that we're aware of," Cook was quoted as saying by CNBC. He also mentioned that Apple grew $48 billion more than its competitors combined, including Google (GOOG) , Microsoft (MSFT) , Dell (DELL) , HP (HPQ) , BlackBerry (BBRY) and Nokia (NOK) .
There's been a lot of attention paid to Apple's market share in both tablets and phones, and Cook addressed this topic during the meeting. He noted that Google's Android is on a lot of phones, but said that Apple has the lead in tablets, and is very aware of the competition. The CEO added that Apple could "press a button or two" to flood the market with devices, but said that this wouldn't be good for the company. He defined success as not making the most, but rather making the best.
Cook said that Apple's new campus, which is slated to be ready by 2016, will be one enormous building, at 2.8 million square feet. He said he hopes to break ground on the construction later this year.
He did touch on Apple's supply chain, particularly with regard to working conditions. Cook noted that Apple was focused on this area before it became a massive news story, adding that when the company found something wrong, it would report it. He mentioned that over 200,000 people are taking advantage of the college courses Apple has posted, and said that Apple has trained over 1 million workers on rights.


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If you are accessing your Baron account online for the first time, you will need
to create a User ID.
May 16, 2013
Andrew Peck, Portfolio Manager of Baron Asset Fund, explains the investment process he follows.
The investment goal of Baron Asset Fund is capital appreciation.
The Fund invests mainly in mid-sized U.S. companies that have matured beyond their startup phase. We look for companies with significant secular growth opportunities. Diversified.
Securities issued by medium sized companies may be thinly traded and may be more difficult to sell during market downturns. Even though the Fund is diversified, it may establish significant positions where the Adviser has the greatest conviction. This could increase volatility of the Fund's returns. The Fund may not achieve its objectives.
You should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of any of the Baron Funds carefully before investing. The prospectus contains this and other information about Baron Funds. You may obtain one from its distributor, Baron Capital, Inc., by calling 1-800-99BARON or click here. Please read it carefully before investing.
Copyright © 2013 - Baron Capital, Inc.


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Now Foods, Better Stevia Liquid Sweetener, Hazelnut, 2 fl oz (60 ml)
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
- Loyalty credit is equal to 5% of the value of your order, excluding shipping charges.
- Your loyalty credit will be applied towards your next order as soon as your current order has shipped.
- Your loyalty credits are valid for up to 60 days from the date of your last purchase.
This product is already in your Wish List.
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Expiration Date:?Aug 2019Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?0.24 lbsShipping WeightThe Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: NOW-06981
- UPC Code: 733739069818
- Package Quantity: 2 fl oz (60 ml)
- Dimensions: 3.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 in, 0.2 lbs
|Combo Discount:
|- $2.46
- Zero Calories
- Vegetarian/Vegan Product
Now BetterStevia is a zero-calorie, low glycemic, natural sweetener that makes a perfectly healthy substitute for table sugar and artificial sweeteners. Unlike chemical sweeteners, Now BetterStevia contains pure stevia extract. Now Foods takes special measures to preserve Stevia's Natural qualities in this unique, pure, better-tasting stevia.
Suggested Use
Use to naturally sweeten your favorite beverages and foods. Use 1 to 5 drops as desired daily. Sweeten to taste. Remember a little BetterStevia goes a long way. Sedimentation may occur. Shake well before using.
Other Ingredients
Vegetable glycerin, natural hazelnut flavor (tree nut) (in an alcohol base) and certified organic stevia extract (stevia rebaudiana) (leaf).
Contains 9% alcohol.
Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, milk, egg, fish or shellfish ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.
Store in a cool, dry place after opening.
|Supplement Facts
|Serving Size: 5 Drops (0.13 ml)
|Servings Per Container: about 462
|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value*
|Total Fat
|0 g
|0 mg
|Total Carbohydrate
|0 g
|0 g
|0 g
|Not a significant source of calories from fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium or iron.
|* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Verified Purchase
This is my favourite, 2 drops in a large mug of coffee, or 1 drop in a standard mug. Yummy Also great with cream, or greek yogurt
Not a fan!
Verified Purchase
Not a fan!
I have been using stevia for many years both powders and liquids. This is the worst I have tried. The consistency is thick and gooey and the taste is okay at best. I have had other Stevia flavored liquids that were much better!
This product is great.
Posted by 5196732463332164536 on Sep 20, 2016
I guess it's just a matter of getting used to the taste, so I consider that this is the best substitute for sugar. I'm now used to tasting this and I like it.
is there a rating I can give that's less than a star?
Posted by 5419548215698535398 on Jul 27, 2016
I'd rather have cough medicine.. this was so bitter.. tasted awful n very artificial. will never buy again. It ruined my protein smoothie n had to throw it out.
Bitter Stevia aftertaste
Posted by 4749231148983821408 on Jun 30, 2016
Has the usual bitter stevia taste. Unusable in coffee.
Posted by 5071824445227164303 on May 21, 2016
not so good
Posted by 5205132965502561513 on May 14, 2016
Perfect service. Very fast shipping|


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $5.99 (40% off)
This actually does seem to help...
Posted by Reviewer1222447 on Jan 09, 2010
This digestive aid does seem to help. I have always struggled against the common "logic" that directs us toward reducing stomach acids when experiencing digestive upsets. If I have "stomach" issues, I seem to tolerate a V8 juice better than any other liquid. Contrary to common wisdom, you would think that the acidity would cause rather than resolve issues with reflux or indigestion. However, I have found in using this product that my food seems to break down more efficiently and progress through the stomach sooner. It would seem that retaining a volume of unprocessed retained foods in the stomach that created or aggravated my issues. While results with such products vary from person to person, I have found adding this occasionally at known "problem" meals has definitely removed the unwanted after effects for me personally.
I take these to absorb nutrients better
Posted by Reviewer1557740 on Oct 28, 2011
As a "femme d'un certain age" (48, if you must know), I am assuming that my stomach acid is no longer as strong as it used to be (that's what you read, at least). I take these to try and ensure that I absorb nutrients better and don't waste the good food I make for myself and my family. When I run out of them, I do feel the difference, so I've already re-ordered these several times. I can definitely recommend them, particularly if you are low in magnesium. You need strong stomach acid to absorb magnesium, so I sometimes even take these on an empty stomach (just one capsule) when I take my Dr's Best High Absorption magnesium between meals. With meals which are high in fat and/or protein, I sometimes take two. Oh, and I also like the fact that these also contain the gentian bitters. I sometimes use a liquid bitter and they do help to calm your stomach if you've had a heavy meal. So, five stars for this one, too!!!
Works great
Posted by Reviewer1022120 on Oct 28, 2010
I have acid reflux and am usually able to control it with healthy eating choices. When I eat white carbs and sugar my reflux flairs and then I take this pill. I have found that you must drink a glass of water to make it work, otherwise it sort of just "sits" in your throat, making things worse. I highly recommend this to people who take tums, this is so much better for you!
Great Digestive Aid
Posted by Reviewer2989945 on Jul 19, 2007
This is the best Betain HCI that I have ever used and I have used many other brands. I think it may be the addition of the gention bitters...it truly does optimize digestive efficiency. As always, iHerb offers the best price, plus superb customer service.
Does wonders for me.
Posted by Reviewer1876891 on Apr 11, 2012
I have trouble digesting most everything, nothing helped, not even digestive enzymes. The very first time I took this product I noticed an immediate improvement with digestion: much less gas, gurgling, and discomfort (taken at the onset of meals for the best effect) and the price is very reasonable. Too it bulks up the stool (especially important if you suffer from IBS), which in turn massages the walls of the colon and picks up old fecal matter that may have got lodged. This product seems to have healed a lot of my stomach problems as GI health has improved dramatically.
Great formula with Bitters to Stimulate Your Own Stomach Acid Production
Posted by Reviewer2588465 on Aug 01, 2013
Many people with heartburn or GERD don't realize that what they probably have is too little stomach acid resulting from either a mineral deficiency (magnesium is commonly deficient and necessary for proper stomach acid production) OR maybe an H Pylori infection (which is quite common and tends to damage stomach acid producing cells in the stomach - plus they produce an alkaline substance to protect itself from the acid.) I've learned that the sphincter between the stomach and the esophagus requires sufficient stomach acid to actually close, allowing what they do have to splash and spill where it isn't wanted! I've been using this stuff as my stomach heals after eradication of a severe H Pylori infection. It takes a while for your stomach to repair itself and resume proper stomach acid production...a long while. But, as I take this stuff, my stomach produces more and more on it's own (provided I get enough magnesium and other trace minerals - which I'm sure to do with the himalayan pink salt I use instead of table salt.)
Great aid for digestion and reduces reflux
Posted by Reviewer2303411 on Apr 18, 2011
Quick delivery. This definitely helps against bloating, gas and stomach pains after eating. What a relief, strongly recommended for digestive problems.
Dr recomended
Posted by Reviewer2438926 on Mar 14, 2013
I was recommended HCL in my twenties by my kinesiologist to be taken with protein meals.I never noticed any difference so took them for quite a while and then stopped. Im now 50-I did a metabolic profill with my nutritionist Dr last year- showed up all my nutritional dificiences and gueese what - very low stomach acid and inflamed smll intestines.Did you know that chronicaly high levels of cortisol from having overstimulated "fright ,flight or fight "response ie stress causes the stomach to shut down - who needs to eat when your being chased by scarry tiger(in this day and age its all the modern streesors). So Ineed 5 per meal and still dont feel anything but I will keep taking them becaus your stomach is the hub of your health.I like this combo its the best I found. Tiana Australia
Dr's Best Betaine HCI helps digestion
Posted by Herbarrow on Jul 08, 2011
I suffer from heart arrhythmia, which is partly triggered by GERD. Taking a digestive enzyme with meals has made an enormous difference. Dr's Best is a reliable brand and I highly recommend it.
Posted by Reviewer1137126 on Aug 23, 2008
We are very satisfied with this product. I used two a meal for a week or so and then could tell I needed to cut down to 1 and my digestion has improved. My husband after a few days said his burping and indigestion had gone down.


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Topic: Why is e-texteditor better than NetBeans?
I have been using Netbeans and generally have no complaints. I keep hearing people rave about Textmate and mentioning that e-texteditor is the textmate of windows because it supports bundles.
I have two questions:
1. What can a bundle do (any bundle) that netbeans cannot?
2. What can e-texteditor do better than netbeans which would make me want to switch?
I know people are going to say "stick with what works for you" and you should use ____ other editor. That's fine, but I really just want to know what the big deal is about bundles and what can they do. I have never used textmate and searching google I can't find anything that tells me about some feature implemented in a bundle that I don't already have. Also, this is not meant to start a flame war. I realize Netbeans is a "heavy" editor and respect people who use other things. I just want to know why bundles are so great relative to my current editor.
Last edited by moneyOnrails (2010-10-29 16:14:50)


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With Naturally Occurring Astaxanthin
Supports a healthy heart.**
Provides you with Omega-3 fatty acids — the "good" fats important for cellular and metabolic health.**
EPA and DHA are well known for its healthy heart support and their impact on joint comfort and flexibility.**
Rapid Release softgels facilitate quick absorption.**No Artificial Color, Flavor or Sweetener, No Preservatives, No Sugar, No Starch, No Milk, No Lactose, No Gluten, No Wheat, No Yeast. Sodium Free.


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May 23, 2012
IBM's Watson communications ensured that a computer competing on Jeopardy! became a business and cultural phenomenon, and turned a game into serious commercial payback.
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A 'worthwhile experience'
"It was a worthwhile experience," summarized Iowa FFA Degree recipient Kevin Sweet.
Recently, Sweet was awarded Iowa's highest Future Farmers of America state honor during FFA Week in February. The Iowa Degree is the culmination of years of work and dedication to the principles of the FFA program.
Sweet, who is a senior at Northeast Hamilton High School, is a four-year member of FFA. Throughout those four years, his mentors were his parents Denny and Dori Sweet and his FFA advisor Herb Strausser.
"I had encouragement from my mom and dad and from my Northeast Hamilton advisor Herb Strausser who guided me on my tractor project," said Sweet. "Together with my dad, Mr. Strausser encouraged me to keep learning."
Sweet, 18, credits his father's stewardship for nurturing the young man's love of learning and seeking new discoveries.
"I think I learned something from him everyday," said Sweet.
Sweet's father, a diesel mechanic at the Hamilton County Maintenance Shop, involved his son in projects from an early age. Sweet recalls being on the pit crew at the go-cart races in Kamrar when he was only four years of age.
"I got to fill the tires," he said.
Throughout the years, Denny Sweet shared his mechanical expertise with his son.
"I think he can fix just about anything," said Kevin of his father's skills.
The Future Farmers of America was formed in 1928 by a group of young men interested in preparing future generations for the challenge of feeding a growing population.
"Farming is more than planting and harvesting – it's a science, it's a business and it's an art," reads the FFA Mission Statement.
The State Degree is the highest honor a state can bestow upon an FFA member. Less than 10 percent of all FFA members nationwide achieve all the goal requirements to receive the honor.
Degree requirements include receiving the FFA Chapter Degree, being an active FFA member for at least 24 months and completing 360 hours of systematic school instruction in agricultural education above the ninth grade level.
Also required is earning and productively investing at least $1,000 or having worked at least 300 hours outside of scheduled class time through a Supervised Agricultural Experience.
The FFA Degree recipient must also have demonstrated leadership ability by following parliamentary law procedures, having delivered a 6-minute address on agriculture on FFA and having served as an FFA officer, committee member or chairperson.
To achieve those requirements, Sweet worked as a general farm laborer for Gordon Farms over the past four years. He served the Northeast Hamilton High School FFA chapter in 2011-2012 as a sentinel and he attended the state convention all four of his high school years.
Sweet also has volunteered at the Webster City Community Theatre for the past eight years.
For his future goals, Sweet hopes to enroll in Iowa Central Community College's two-year diesel technology program. He has also put in an application to serve an internship at Titan Machinery in Williams when it begins operation this summer.
While the FFA Degree was presented as a framed certificate, it represents much more to Sweet.
"It says I grew up working," he said. "It says I am responsible."
The experience has been a life lesson for the young man, who has achieved much in just a few years.
"Doing all this has taught me so much and it is who I am today," he summed up the experience. "It has taught me to always keep looking forward."