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Some pitfalls and misuses of rock mass classification systems for mine design
Y. Potvin; P.M. Dight; J. Wesseloo
Australian Centrefor Geomechanics, The University of Western Australia
SYNOPSIS]]> Rock mass classification systems are extensively used in rock engineering design work, and mine design is no exception. Among the systems most widely used for mining-related design work are the NGI Q-system (Barton et al., 1974), the RMR system (Bieniawski, 1976), the MRMR system (Laubscher and Taylor, 1976) and, more recently, the GSI system (Hoek et al., 1998).
Keywords: rock mass, classification, characterization, rock engineering, mine design.
The rock mass comprising the intact, altered solids and the defects with or without infill and variable orientation, scale, and shape is one of the most complicated engineering construction materials. Unlike commonly used man-made engineering materials such as steel and concrete, which have controlled specifications, the in situ rock mass is a natural matter and the result of complex geological processes. It therefore has a very variable material composition, in space and in time. It also exhibits intricate behaviours when subjected to different loading conditions.
The need for rock mass classification systems originally arose from the requirement that rock engineers who were involved in design had to relate experiences gained at different sites with different ground conditions and ground support, and apply them to new projects (Hoek and Brown, 1980).]]> As the classification schemes developed and their application in civil and mining engineering spread, they became increasingly used to build up a picture of the composition and characteristics of a rock mass to provide estimates of the strength and deformation properties of the rock mass' (Hoek et al., 1995).
The two classification systems that emerged from the 1970s and became widely used for mining-related design work were the NGI Q-system (Barton et al., 1974) and the RMR system (Bieniawski, 1974, 1976). Their popularity resulted from their useful application to a number of widely used empirical design techniques relevant, for example, to caving mines (Laubscher and Taylor, 1976), to open stope mines (Mathews et al., 1981; Potvin, 1988), and generally to ground support design (Grimstad and Barton, 1993). Classification systems have also been used to derive input parameters for the use of failure criteria, or elastic properties in numerical models. For example, relationships between classification values and the friction angle 'φ' and the cohesion 'c' enable the use of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion (Bieniawski, 1989; Milne, 2007). More recently, the GSI system (Hoek et al., 1998) was devised to provide input (m and s values) into the Hoek and Brown failure criterion (Hoek and Brown, 1980), as it is often used in the modern proliferation of numerical modelling techniques.
Many of these empirical design methods are particularly well suited for 'greenfield' and 'brownfield' feasibility studies where the target level of accuracy is generally within 20 to 30 per cent. At the same time, there is a critical need for these methods to be robust in terms of giving design answers which are 'in the ballpark' and, therefore, minimize the risks of providing a wrong answer. At a mining project conception stage, a successful 'ballpark' estimate will ensure that the real value of projects can be created, while a wrong design would destroy the value of most projects.
The robustness of these empirical design methods is highly dependent on the proper use of the appropriate rock mass classification systems. Whether a classification system and empirical design is appropriate or not will be dictated by the critical failure mechanism. If the classification of the rock mass input into the empirical design method is adequate, then the design will likely achieve the feasibility study accuracy requirements.
There are many sources of inaccuracy and uncertainty inherent to the use of rock mass classification. Many of them will be discussed in this paper, with an emphasis on some of the most common traps and misuses of these systems, which can lead to very poor design outcomes.
Differentiation between rock mass classification and rock mass characterization
Classifying rock masses is widely seen as being the fieldwork required to characterize the rock mass and enable the application of empirical design methods associated with the different classification systems. This perhaps is the result of the original purpose of the classification systems, which was to: '...give a quick and repeatable assessment of the rock mass to provide guidelines for underground opening stability and support requirements' (Milne, 2007). In the context of empirical design, which is often performed by consultants with a limited amount of time for gathering data underground or from drill core, it becomes an attractive proposition to use classification techniques to replace the more labour-intensive and detailed work of characterizing the rock mass.
However, it is fundamentally important to make a distinction between rock mass characterization and rock mass classification. These two processes should in fact be separated from each other.
Rock mass characterization should be used to determine the intrinsic properties of the rock mass, independently of the application, i.e. independently of design method or the infrastructure to be designed and the size and shape of the excavation(s) or pillar(s).]]> Rock mass characterization should be generic in nature, capturing the basic input parameters that can be used in classification systems and empirical design methods. Rock mass characterization is the background fieldwork required to perform rock mass classification. It should concentrate on measurements and information about the intact rock strength, the intensity of natural fractures in the rock mass, and the conditions of these fractures. It should, however, not be limited to obtaining parameters used in the classification systems. The characterization should also aim to provide a context or framework for further design decisions and the use of rock mass classification systems.
Rock mass classification is the subsequent step to the characterization. Parameters that vary according to the design, such as the relative orientation of geological structures compared to the opening or the pillar, the induced stresses, the groundwater, etc., should be calculated as part of the rock mass classification and design process, rather than during the rock mass characterization process.
If one considers a uniform volume of rock mass, this volume will have a unique rock mass characterization, but at the same time, it can have multiple rock mass classification values depending on what is being designed, the orientation of the designed structures (slope, stope, drive, pillar, etc.), and the scale of these features. If the design/scale changes, the classification value can change despite the fact that the rock mass considered is exactly the same.
This is a true reflection of the anisotropic behaviour of most rock masses and the inability of the classification systems to account for it (Hadjigeorgiou and Harrison, 2011). Let us look at an example that clearly illustrates this important concept. A rock mass forming a small hill near Alice Springs in Australia has a prominent continuous bedding joint set with weak joint conditions (say smooth and planar with slippery alteration) dipping towards the right end and identified as joint A on the photo (Figure 1). It also has a cross-bedding joint set (identified as joint B), not very continuous and with strong joint conditions (say rough and undulating with no alteration).
When one considers a slope design on the right side of the picture, joint set A is the critical set and the joint condition of joint set A would be considered to obtain a classification rating. If the Q system was used, the shear strength factor Jr/Ja for this rock mass would be 1/4 (0.25). The reader is referred to Appendix A for more details on the Q system and relevant parameters. When considering the slope on the left side, joint set A no longer influences the stability of the left slope and joint B is the discontinuity that is critical to stability, and as such, joint B's properties should be used in the classification. The Jr/Ja value for the left slope would be 3/0.75 (4). Given that the other factors (RQD, Jn, Jw, and SRF) remain the same in both cases, the Q value for the slope on the left is 16 times higher than the one on the right (0.25/4), but this is exactly the same rock mass. It is interesting to observe that the natural slope on the left is much steeper than the one on right side, a good reflection of the difference in the Q rating and of the anisotropic behaviour of this rock mass.
This example brings to light the fact that while classifying rock masses, one has to choose which joint set property is to be used to characterize the joint condition for the designed structure under consideration. When the classification exercise is made without a design in mind, often the most prominent or weakest joint set is used. However, selecting the most prominent joint set may not be relevant to a specific design, i.e. joint set A in the left slope in Figure 1. Divorcing classification from the design can lead to design outcomes that are considerably over- or under-conservative, depending on the case, and this is why the classification is part of the design process rather than a replacement of a rock mass characterization process. It is logical to select the joint condition of the set that is critical to the designed structure for classification purpose.]]> In other cases, the Q value could also be influenced by the SRF factor when, for example, the volume of rock mass under consideration is located in a highly stressed pillar compared to a de-stressed hangingwall. Another example could be when using the RMR system, where the prominent joints are oriented favourably in one design option compared to an unfavourable orientation in another. In this case, the RMR of a volume of rock in the wall of a north-south drive would be very different than the same volume of rock in the wall of an east-west drive.
It is permissible for a designer to skip the rock mass characterization process and perform a classification directly, if the purpose is to complete a specific design. However, this classification data should not be used in the future for other design work, unless the data is verified and, if necessary, adjusted according to the new design. This, in the authors' experience, is a very common mistake as frequently classification values are borrowed from previous design work and applied to a new design. Another common mistake observed at mine sites is for staff to perform 'generic' rock mass classi- fication work, with no specific design in mind, often using the joint conditions of the most prominent or weakest joint set. As mentioned before, this is likely to produce over- or under-conservative designs, and possibly with accuracy outside of the required 'ballpark' estimate. In such cases, rock mass characterization work should be performed instead of using a classification generically, with no immediate design in mind. The situation is exacerbated if the anisotropy and larger-scale inhomogeneity are ignored when the rock mass is modelled using geostatistical methods available in mine planning packages. More details on rock mass characterization are given in the following section.
Rock mass characterization
As mentioned before, the rock mass characterization process should be independent of the design process and, as a result, a given rock mass volume has a unique rock mass characterization. Rock mass characterization is not based entirely on quantitative measurements or qualitative observations, but on a combination of both. Rock mass characterization focuses on characterizing the intact rock properties, the intensity, orientation, and persistence characteristics of natural fractures (joint sets), and the conditions of each joint set. It should contain all information necessary to enable future 'desktop' classification of the rock mass, using any of the popular classification systems. Sound rock mass characterization should provide information on the rock mass character at different scales. For example, bench- or tunnel-scale characterization may ignore the larger-scale structures that are spaced at intervals that are greater than bench/tunnel scale. Such structures may have a large impact on the design but are not represented appropriately in the rock mass classification systems.
The intact rock property of interest here is the unconfined compressive strength, which can be obtained from laboratory tests, point load tests or, if low accuracy is deemed acceptable, from simple means field tests to determine rock strength classes (British Standard (BS 5930, 1981) or the Approximate Intact Rock Strength (Robertson et al., 1987).
Joint mapping is required to identify all joint sets, their dip, and their orientation. For each of the joint sets, the joint condition must be recorded qualitatively using terms compatible with classification systems, such as:
Small scale roughness (slickensided - smooth - rough)
Large scale roughness (planar - undulating)
Weathering (from unweathered to highly weathered)]]> Alteration and infilling (description (soft strong, low friction) of the infill material, and the thickness of infill)
Aperture of joints
The intensity of fracturing is generally captured using ROD, which is orientation-dependent if taken from drill core. It is also good practice to use an alternative technique such as fracture frequency in addition to ROD, to overcome some of the well known shortcomings of this method. Furthermore, the collection of the mean joint spacing of each joint set can also be used to estimate ROD (Hutchinson and Diederichs, 1996, p. 184). Some versions of the RMR system use all of the above three parameters.
Rock mass classification systems ignore the influence of intact rock bridging between fractures and do not in any way account for this phenomenon. Figure 2 (Brown, 2003) illustrates how the failure to incorporate rock bridges could lead to a misrepresentation of the rock mass. The two rock masses displayed will behave quite differently under different loading conditions. For this reason, the information on the rock bridging will impact on the design. It is our opinion that, at the least, qualitative information on the bridging characteristics of the rock mass should be included in the rock mass characterization. In this regard, structural geological knowledge will add value to the rock mass characterization by enabling an understanding of the cross-cutting nature of the different joint sets in the rock mass. In the slope example presented previously, bridging would be expected on the left side while it may not exist along the bedding planes on the right side. This could be resolved if a comprehensive structural model was available to the designer using a technique like tectogenesis (Dight and Bogacz, 2009).
Rock bridging is difficult to quantify, but some attempts have been made to quantitatively describe it and quantify its influence (Brown, 2003; Elmo et al., 2007).]]> The benefit of having a good rock mass characterization is that any empirical design method can be applied no matter which classification system it is based on. Any type of rock mass classification work can be performed using this data.
The literature contains techniques to convert values from one classification to another (RMR = 9 lnQ + 44, after Bieniawski, 1976) or (RMR = 15 logQ + 50, after Barton, 1995), but these conversions, which have been criticized as being unreliable due to the wide scatter of comparative data, or erroneous because the classification systems rely on different parameters with different weightings (Milne, 2007; Hadjigeorgiou and Harrison, 2011), are no longer necessary when a good rock mass characterization exists. Each classification system can be applied independently based on the same raw data.
It is interesting to note that the GSI system, which was briefly introduced in the previous section, can be seen as an attempt to bridge the rock mass classification and characterization processes.
However, there appears to be some confusion in the literature as to the way it should be applied. Mostyn and Douglas (2000) suggest it should be interpreted to the scale of the structure being designed, while Cai et al. (2004) have interpreted the GSI on a fixed scale. Using the GSI in the way suggested by Mostyn and Douglas, it becomes a classification system, dependent on the design.
The GSI system is sometimes used to classify the rock mass, independent of the design, assuming a fixed scale as suggested by Cai et al. (2004). The GSI relies on a matrix describing the joint intensity on the vertical axis and the joint condition on the horizontal axis and, as such, ignores the complexity of rock masses by reducing it to a combination of a single joint intensity and a single joint condition parameter. As such it is limited in its ability to fully classify the rock mass. Because of its simplicity, it implicitly assumes that the rock mass under consideration is homogenous and isotropic. Both these assumptions can easily lead to erroneous designs and will have to be applied with caution in design methods.
The authors have seen a tendency over the last couple of years to classify and even to characterize the rock mass in terms of GSI only. The driving force behind this, of course, is the ease with which the GSI value can be turned into strength parameters for numerical analysis. The GSI is a valuable addition to the rock engineers' toolbox, but its use as a primary characterization or classification tool will lead to erroneous designs due to its inadequacy in capturing all the relevant design considerations.
Inaccuracy of rock mass classification systems
Most people that have used rock mass classification systems realize that they are not meant to be precise and accurate. 'Since we are engineers and not scientists, our craft is the ability to make realistic approximations, leaving unnecessary decimal places on the calculator (Barton, 2007).
The original intent of classification was to provide a 'quick' estimation of rock mass properties to enable the transfer of design experience from one site to another. When applied to empirical design methods, the authors believe that the goal of classification method should be to assess the rock mass competency, within the correct class of rock mass, i.e. poor - fair - good - very good, in order to achieve a sound 'ballpark' design. This design can then be refined and optimized in the future. To optimize the design, it may be necessary to obtain additional data from more rock mass exposures, revert back to the rock mass characterization, use more sophisticated design tools, or gain early experience with the rock mass response to mining, using an instrumentation programme.]]> To apply a rock mass classification (and, to a lesser extent, rock mass characterization), requires a certain amount of interpretation and, therefore, there are uncertainties in the application of the methods. Classification methods also have deficiencies in the way they aim at representing a material as complex as a rock mass. Although, with proper training, the above potential sources of error can be contained to a manageable level and the classification can provide a representative and reproducible result (within the correct rock mass class), it is worth explaining some of the common sources of inaccuracies and uncertainty.
Since the application of rock mass classification systems has been extended from small-scale civil tunnelling engineering (e.g. the Q-system) to large mining structures (applications such as stope design, block caving mine design, and slope design), an issue related to the difference in scale has arisen.
For example, Barton (2007) suggests that Q-system should be applied on a round-by-round basis; 'In principle, one needs to design support (or select the correct support class) by classifying each round as the permanent mining drift or decline is driven. This is also a familiar task in civil engineering tunnels'.
If one uses the same Q-system as an input for open stope design, using for example the stability graph method (Potvin, 1988), a round-by-round classification could mean 10 or perhaps 15 values of Q', for designing a single stope wall. Then one could average these values, or take the lowest value to be conservative, or give a range of values, but a decision of a unique Q' value will need to be taken sooner or later in the process, as only one wall dimension can be constructed for a given stope plane. There are sources of error and uncertainty with all of these options. The authors' preferred approach would be to use engineering judgement to select the most 'representative' Q' value for the wall, but this requires experience. Therefore, previous design experience is one obvious requirement to control the error and uncertainty in applying rock mass classification for design.
Unfortunately, it is often the less-experienced employees that are assigned the time-consuming task involving the fieldwork, and they are most often not likely to be the ones performing the design work. Since much less interpretation is required in performing rock mass characterization (which, once again, is not linked to the design) than classification, this becomes another strong argument in favour of using characterization as a prior step to classification.
Experience also provides a significant advantage to assessing each parameter in the classification system with the required accuracy. Distinguishing between a rough and smooth joint surface, for example, can be difficult. It is important, however, as the origin of the structure (rough suggests extension, smooth suggests fabric-like bedding or a shear origin), gives a hint to continuity and influence in the characterization. Even assessing quantitative parameters such as RQD can be the source of large errors due to blast damage in the case of mapping or core damage in the case of core logging, the influence of the relative orientation of the face or core, etc. The RQD is also dependent on the technique used to estimate it. It is the authors' experience that the correlation of RQD obtained from core logging, underground line mapping, window mapping, or the volumetric joint count (RQD = 115 - 3.3Jv, after Palmström, 1982) is often poor and can lead to a wide range of results.
The issue of scale or representative rock volume has already been raised, but it can also influence which joints should be considered in the classification or left as insignificant. A joint with a short trace length (say less than 1 m) could be significant at the tunnel scale, but insignificant at the stope wall or open pit slope scale. Also, a joint can be classified as random at the tunnel scale, because its spacing is so large that it is observed only randomly in a tunnel, but can become a joint set at the stope wall or open pit slope scale.
In underground mine applications, one easy way to perform a 'reality check' on the classification value obtained by systematically assessing all parameters is to observe the shape of the drive in which the work is being done. An erratic profile is a reliable telltale of poor ground conditions, while a perfect 'as-designed' profile indicates that the ground condition is likely to be good. This provides a first assessment on which side of the 'fair' class the classification rating should be (less than fair implies Q < 4 and RMR < 40, or better than fair Q > 10 or RMR > 60). A quick observation of joint spacing (small or large) and the presence (or not) of slippery material on joints is also another quick indicator on which side of the 'fair' class the rock mass is likely to be.
It is the authors' experience that the application of classification systems can be taught to inexperienced engineers and geologists, and representative and reproducible results can be obtained. It requires some training and practice, and an awareness of the pitfalls and inaccuracies outlined in this paper. The reason for this is that the rock mass classification is performed by the application of fixed systems. For the most part, rock mass characterizations can also rely on predefined description schemes. However, as the characterization should also include relevant information that is not covered by predefined systems, sound rock mass characterization requires some experience.
]]> Summary and conclusion
Empirical design methods based on rock mass classification systems are the methods of choice at mining project conception. They can provide robust designs despite their inherent low accuracy. However, the designs will be robust only if the main source of input, the rock mass classification data, is applied correctly.
There are many potential pitfalls to be avoided and sources of uncertainty to be controlled when applying rock mass classification methods. Firstly, it is critical to understand the difference between rock mass characterization and rock mass classification. Rock mass characterization is the prior step to classification and it is independent of the rock engineering structure(s) to be designed. For any given volume of rock, there is a unique rock mass characterization. The rock mass characterization data should be compatible with and able to feed into all widely used classification systems.
Rock mass classification is an integral part of the design process and will account for factors resulting from the interaction between the rock mass and the engineering structure to be designed. As such, a given volume of rock can have a wide range of classification value. It is a common pitfall to 'recycle' previous rock mass classification data obtained from a given project and apply it to new designs. This can lead to major errors in design. Another common practice that could lead to poor results is to perform rock mass classification 'generically', without a specific design task as a replacement to rock mass characterization.
Hadjigeorgiou and Harrison (2011) provide a good discussion on the different sources of uncertainty related to rock mass classification. They suggest that some of them are intrinsic to the method (like the inadequacies of RDQ estimation to quantify fracture intensity) and others (like the scale effect) are attributable to the many applications of classification systems outside of their original intent. Experience and training can be used to reduce the risk associated with these potential sources of inaccuracy.
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© The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2012. ISSN2225-6253. This paper was first presented at the, Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium (SHIRMS) 2012, 15-17 May 2012, Sun City, South Africa.


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5. GameCube Controller - $19.99
6. Arcade games downloaded onto the system Super Mario Bros. and Super Mario Bros. 2 - $19.99
I'm looking to sell everything (a $390 value) at a price of $350 or maybe even less.
PM if you are interested. Thanks!


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Hello !
My pickup LR-S Plus is not working anymore. I'm looking for a solution or a replacement.
I would like to try to fix it by myself, but it's hard with no schematic.
What is the part number for U3 on the PCB ?
I'm even not sure if replacing U3 will really fix the problem, but I would like to try.
Or maybe it's simpler just to get a replacement ? Is it something possible ?


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1940's Townhouse Renovation
Project Categories: Historic, Residential, Renovation, Latitude Series
Featured Kolbe Products
- High quality vinyl windows closely resemble wood originals
- Twin double hungs built as a single unit with a 6-inch spread mull, for the appearance of being two separate windows
- 5/8" wide PDL bars simulate true divided lites
- View a product demo
"[Choosing Kolbe windows] was very much a choice of style..." said Joe Weatherly, project manager for AHC.
|Project Information
1940's Historic Housing Renovated for Form & Function
Originally built in 1939 to house the growing suburban population of Washington, D.C., Westover Place is a seven-acre, garden-style townhouse community that is currently undergoing substantial rehabilitation. The 18-month, $53 million historic renovation will completely update all eight buildings and their 153 units when all phases are finished in 2010.
As a historic property, the buildings' updates are closely scrutinized for aesthetic, performance and cost compliance by the owner, AHC Inc.; general contractor C.M. Parker & Co. Inc.; the U.S. Department of the Interior, and the Virginia Housing Development Authority. To comply with the collective standards and incentives, Neale Architects recommended appropriate design and material choices including Kolbe's historically styled, ENERGY STAR® rated, vinyl windows.
"We know the original 1940s windows were ordinary, wood, single-glazed, double-hung windows with rope balances. We know that these had been replaced in the late '80s with thrift, aluminum-clad windows from the era," says Wayne Neale, AIA, and namesake for Neale Architects. "These are straightforward, pragmatic little buildings. At times, we wanted to embellish them, but you had to grab your hand with the pencil in it to make it look like it did in 1939."
"We tried to find an affordable window that more closely resembled the wood originals, was agreeable to the Department of Interior and our client," adds Neale Architects' Joel de Leon. "Essentially, we wanted to find the least expensive window that met the qualifications."
"It was a struggle to find one to fit this criteria," admits Neale. "Previously, a vinyl window had been approved for historic renovation projects, but after the Department of Interior saw it installed, it was determined to be a lesser quality window."
"Kolbe is not like other vinyl window manufacturers. They've really made a vinyl window that looks like a wood one," says Tom Sanders, general manager of Shenandoah Sash and Door. Joe Weatherly, project manager for AHC, agrees, "Several windows were reviewed. Wouldn't you know it, the historic consultant picked the nicest, highest quality Washington, D.C. product, and approved Kolbe. It was very much a choice of style; we really like how it looked when it was installed."
The look of Kolbe's Latitude® Series' profile and mullions appealed to the decision-makers, notes de Leon. "The weightiness, the thickness of the mull, and the traditional proportions, all resembled the original windows' look more closely. Adding to this, the fact that they're essentially maintenance-free and within budget, truly raised the bar."
From Weatherly's perspective, "The functionality is more important to me – the insulated glass, the ENERGY STAR rating." He specified Kolbe's Latitude Series windows with high-performance glass and optional PDLs (performance divided lites) with 5/8-inch bars, to resemble true divided lites. To further match the desired look and opening, Kolbe manufactured two double hung windows as a single unit with a 6-inch mull, to give the appearance of being two separate windows. "Kolbe figured out how to create the twin window 'look' as an already-assembled, structural unit for easy installation," says Sanders. "To install the units, the existing sashes are removed, the existing sill is cut out, and the new window slides inside the opening. Kolbe provided wood extension jambs through which the window is attached into the existing frame. Since the new window encapsulates the existing frame, lead abatement was minimized."
When all phases of renovation are complete, Westover's residents not only will enjoy new windows, but also new kitchens, baths, windows, electrical, plumbing, individual hot water heaters, individual HVAC systems and roofs. In addition, a new community room and leasing office are scheduled to be constructed, and the landscaping returned to the 1940s garden-feel intended in the original site plan.
Approved for historic aesthetics, performance and cost compliance by:


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ESI is a compilation of statistical information (publication, citation, and cites-per-paper counts) for scientists, institutions, countries, and journals. It is based on 10 years of Thomson Reuters data. The Essential Science Indicators Data Information Pages explains how Essential Science Indicators works using counting methods for articles and citations, time periods for counts, types of items counted, journals included, citation thresholds, name conflation, name variations, and rank orderings.
Miami University has a long and proud tradition of student involvement in both radio and television productions. This exhibit will celebrate five decades of students in broadcasting. Many of these productions can be found online in the WMUB Archives. For questions about the exhibit, contact Marcus Ladd at firstname.lastname@example.com or (513) 529-0462.
Classic Catalog | OhioLINK | Lane Public | WorldCat |
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Databases A-Z
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Miami University Directory
A man of many hats, Bricker reflects on his Miami Libraries career
Grabach maps an ambitious course for retirement
Havighurst Special Collections included in $2.3 million estate gift
Staff Spotlight—Thom Gerrish


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ProForm Pro 4500 Treadmill
About this item
- 3.8 CHP Commercial Pro Motor
- 10" Full-Color Touch Screen
- 38 Workout Apps
- 20" x 60" Treadbelt
- iFit Live™ Built-In
- ProShox Plus™ Cushioning
- Compatible Music Port for iPod®
Get the most out of your performance training with the Pro-Form® Pro 4500 Treadmill. Built with a powerful 3.8 CHP Mach Z™ Commercial Pro Motor, this treadmill will run with you for thousands of miles. The included wireless chest pulse strap will keep you in the right zone for any type of heart rate training. And, with digital speed, incline and decline controls, you can quickly change the intensity of your workout with the touch of a button. Stay motivated with the built-in browser Powered by Android and with iFit Live Technology and workouts Powered by Google Maps . Other features include 38 Workout Apps, a 10" touch screen and a 20" x 60" non-stretch, 2-ply, commercial treadbelt.
3.8 CHP Mach Z™ Commercial Pro Motor
Like airbags in a car, the Commercial Pro uses preventative engineering to keep you safer, including high-grade wiring and insulation ratings, a thermal cut-off switch and a stringent UL certification process. And, through the use of high-end, commercial bearings and brushes, this motor delivers the longest, most powerful drive possible. The Commercial Pro is also dynamically spin-balanced and extensively tested for superior performance in vibration and noise, making it the smoothest, quietest motor available today.
10" Full-Color Touch Screen with Browser Powered by Android™
Now, you can get online while you work out! Connect to your home's wireless network to check the news, read email, watch sports highlights, get on Facebook and more with this 10" touch screen with browser Powered by Android™. Plus, navigate through workout stats and options with the swipe of a finger and track your speed, time, distance, incline, decline, calories burned and pulse.
-3-0% Quick Decline™ Control
It's the newest revolution to the treadmill workout: walking at a decline. Activate different muscles for faster results by walking at a decline, burn more calories than walking on a flat surface and stimulate more muscle for faster results.
0-12 MPH QuickSpeed® Control
Accelerate your training with QuickSpeed® Controls. With speeds up to 12 MPH, you'll get the workout variety you need for any performance workout! Interval training will help you burn more calories and keep your workout exciting. Change your speed with the touch of a button instead scrolling through options as you would on other treadmills.
0-15% Quick Incline™ Control
Boost your performance with Quick Incline™ Controls. Walking at an incline reduces impact on your joints and will help you burn fat calories fast! Quick controls adjust your incline with the touch of a button!
iFit Live™ Technology Built-In
Boost your performance with iFit Live™ Technology built-in to the Pro 4500 Treadmill. You'll enjoy workouts Powered by Google Maps™, progressive training with Jillian Michaels, motivating competitions with iFit Live™ community members worldwide, and easy, online goal tracking. With this innovative technology, you'll get incredible performance training for maximum results. Google and Google Maps are registered trademarks of Google, Inc.
Dual-Grip EKG™ Heart Rate Monitor with Polar® Wireless Chest Strap Included
Stay in the right training zone with this wireless heart rate monitor! The included Polar® Wireless Chest Pulse Strap automatically communicates your heart rate to your treadmill as you exercise. And, the treadmill features 2 hand-grip sensors conveniently built-in to the handlebars for intermittent readings.
2 HD Video Workouts
Run through the stunning Haleakala and beautiful Hana, Hawaii! Built-in HD Video Workouts on the 10" touch screen will inspire and motivate you with incredible views, while a personal trainer coaches you through you workout. Incline and decline adjust to match the terrain.
38 Built-In Workout Apps
Reach your goals fast with workouts designed by a Certified Personal Trainer. Each workout will help you heighten your performance with preset speed, incline and time settings. Choose from 7 Calorie-Burn Workouts, 7 Incline Workouts, 7 Speed Workouts, 7 Intensity Workouts or 10 iFit Workouts.
FS2™ Full Surface Suspension Cushioning
Reduce impact on your joints for a more comfortable workout and recovery.
Compatible Music Port for iPod®
Rock your workout to your favorite music! Simply plug your iPod® into the Intermix Acoustics™ 3.0 Sound System and listen to incredible sound through two 3" speakers. You'll stay motivated to lose weight! iPod is a trademark of Apple, Inc., registered in the US and other countries. iPod® not included.
3" Precision Machined and Balanced Non-Flex Rear Roller
This roller reduces heat and wear and tear on the treadbelt, increasing the life of the treadmill. Typically found on health club treadmills, the 3" precision machined and balanced non-flex rear roller will help your treadmill run for thousands of miles.
20" x 60" Non-Stretch, 2-Ply, Commercial Treadbelt
Stretch out your stride on this extra-long deck. Perfect for users of all heights, you'll be comfortable while you lose weight, burn fat and reach your goals!
CoolAire™ Workout Fan
Keep cool while you workout with this built-in fan that features two speed settings. Quick console controls allow you to adjust the speed at any time!
SpaceSaver® Design with EasyLift™ Assist
This patented, revolutionary design allows your treadmill to fold vertically for storage. To make it even easier, this treadmill includes a powerful shock that will help lift the deck with an easy push.
Workout Tray
Safely store your phone, wallet, jewelry and other accessories in this convenient workout tray.
375 lb. Weight Capacity
This treadmill accommodates up to 375 lbs.
For additional questions or concerns regarding this product, please contact Icon's Customer Service Department at 1.800.999.3756.
Assembled Country
Assembled Size
80 x 36 x 73.5
Component Country


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One of the most visible ways climate change is threatening our national parks and other wildlands is rising sea levels.
On August 2, guidance from the Obama administration on the National Environmental Policy Act ensures that federal agencies fully address greenhouse
More than 2,000 acres in the region around the renowned Chaco Canyon area will no longer be available for oil and gas leasing auctions.
Just as you rely on wild places to rejuvenate and restore you, those places rely on you to keep them in good condition.
The study, released in January, researched various pika populations in eight western national parks as a means to understand climate impacts on pikas throughout the nation.
Black History Month is a time to remember and honor the many groups and individuals who contributed to the success and achievements of this country as well as to advancement for African Americans as a people.
A 2014 report determined that up to one-quarter of the total land area of national parks is vulnerable to the effects of plan
These are your public lands, so be sure to make the most of them year-round.
On Nov. 4, Bishop struck out at our nation's most important parks conservation program, the Land and Water Conservation Fund, (LWCF).
The benefits of wilderness and other public lands for modern-day flora and fauna are well-known, but conservation of wild places helps preserve traces of bygone life too,
Tell Congress to designate the Arctic Refuge as wilderness to protect it from oil and gas development.


text: D1 Dyeing Goalie equipment John Kemp's Notre Dame Dye Job Matt Hickman / August 24, 2012 John Kemp, a fellow Georgetown Prep alum, recently contacted me about doing a couple of new dyes for his goalie heads. This was the first. He wanted one either completely or mostly Green with clovers on it and his Continue Reading Share


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In infants born extremely preterm, aspirin or NSAID use during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of quadriparetic cerebral palsy
- Newborn Services, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Correspondence to
: Dr Peter H Gray
Newborn Services, Mater Mothers' Hospital, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; peter.gray{at}mater.org.au
Commentary on:
Implications for practice and research
Maternal aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of cerebral palsy in extremely preterm infants.
It would seem, however, that aspirin given to women at high-risk for pre-eclampsia may be beneficial.
Exposure to NSAIDs should be considered with caution until further information is available.
The issue of taking medications during pregnancy and the risks involved has been the topic of many reviews. Aspirin is a NSAID that is prescribed to prevent recurrent abortion and to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. From animal studies it has been suggested that NSAIDs when taken during pregnancy have the potential to result in …


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Otis Torke
Jan. 13, 1918-Feb. 24, 2013
CLARKFIELD – Services for Otis Charles Torke, 95, formerly of Hanley Falls, are at 1:30 p.m. Friday at Yellow Medicine Lutheran Church in Hanley Falls. Visitation is from noon-1:30 p.m. Friday at the church. Burial is in the West Yellow Medicine Lutheran Cemetery in Hanley Falls. Lynner Funeral Home of Clarkfield is in charge of arrangements.
He died Sunday, Feb. 24, 2013, at Avera Morningside Care Center in Marshall.
He was born Jan. 13, 1918, to Peter and Mina (Christiansen) Torke on their farm in Sandnes Township of Yellow Medicine County. He was baptized on Feb. 26, 1918, and confirmed on May 28, 1933, both at Yellow Medicine Lutheran. He attended Clearview Country School for six years and Hanley Falls Public School for two additional years.
Otis worked for Albert Peterson in the Peterson Store in Hanley Falls for four years. After some time, when his mother became ill, his father asked him to come home to help with the farming. In 1939, Otis purchased his first 40 acres of land.
Otis was married to Bernice M. Hempel of rural Hanley Falls on Dec. 14, 1941, at St. Paul Lutheran Church of Granite Falls. They lived on the 40-acre farm until they moved to the Torke family farm. They took care of Otis' father, Peter, for about four years. Otis and Bernice remained on the farm until they retired and moved to West Prairie Apartments in Cottonwood in 2004. They moved to their apartment at Hill Street Place in Marshall in 2010 and he remained there until he entered the Morningside Care Center in February of last year.
Survivors include his wife of 71 years, Bernice, of Hill Street Place; his children Orlen (and Sande) Torke of Hanley Falls, Orrvin (and LaVonne) Torke of Granite Falls, Larry (and Kathy) Torke of Hanley Falls, Wesley (and Ann) Torke of Lucan, Christy (and Brad) Beebout of Cottonwood; daughter-in-law Sandy Torke of Hanley Falls; 24 grandchildren; 25 great-grandchildren; and nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by son, Bruce, daughter-in-law, Sherry Torke, grandchildren Lisa, Wade and David Torke and his siblings, Kenneth, Bennett, Palma Engebretsen and Harold.
Otis was a loving husband, father, grandfather and friend. He put his trust in the Lord. He loved working the land and was a true farmer in every aspect. His family, his faith and his love of God were the most important things in his life.
Blessed be his memory.


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BEIJING, China - For Jessica Galli (Savoy, Ill./Hillsborough, N.J.), her third Paralympic Games has been a charm. Today Galli earned her second medal of the competition - silver - in the women's 100m (T53) and set a new personal best time in the event - 16.88.
"This is the most successful Paralympics I've ever had," said Galli, who also won gold in the 400m two days earlier. "I came into this race knowing my competition was going to be really strong after her [gold medalist - Lisha Huang, China] time in the semifinals yesterday. I was hoping if she went fast, I would, too. I was very happy to win silver."
Anjali Forber-Pratt (Natick, Mass.) finished sixth in the event with a time of 17.99.
"It was a fast race, but it was exciting," said Forber-Pratt. "Today just wasn't my day and that's okay. It's exciting to see the world record broken and have a new sprinter on the scene, it's going to raise the level of competition in our class."
After getting off to a rough start in the women's 100m competition on Wednesday, Tatyana McFadden (Clarksville, Md.) redeemed herself tonight in the women's 400m final (T54), winning the silver medal and setting a new personal best - 53.49.
"My mental strategy was that I knew I didn't have a good 100m the other night, so I had to let that go," said McFadden. "I told myself that this [400m] is my race and I was really focused. I look at this competition as though I'm climbing the Great Wall; I'm half way up and have two events to go. I plan to finish strong."
Steve Toyoji (Tucson, Ariz.) finished in seventh in the men's 400m final (T52) in 1:05.41. After his race, he remarked on his experience at his first Paralympic Games.
"This is the biggest rush I've had in my life - with my family being here and the screaming crowd," said Toyoji. "I expected the Games to be big, but never this big; they're everything I imagined and more. The Chinese have been so hospitable, it's amazing."
Additional U.S. Results
Competition Schedule - Saturday, September 13
Session One
9:10 Men's 100m (T13)/prelim - Royal Mitchell (Chula Vista, Calif./Ridgeland, S.C.)
10:26 Men's 200m (T44)/prelim - Danny Andrews (Tucson, Ariz.), Jim Bob Bizzell (Abilene, Texas), Casey Tibbs (San Diego, Calif.)
11:11 Women's 200m (T37)/prelim - Sabra Hawkes (Rockport, Mass.)
12:31 Men's 200m (T53)/prelim - Josh George (Champaign, Ill.)
Session Two
17:00 Women's Javelin (F33/34/52/53)/final - Robyn Stawski (Tampa, Fla.)
17:30 Women's Discus (F40)/final - Jill Kennedy (Charlottesville, Va.)
17:45 Men's 100m (T13)/final
19:00 Men's 200m (T44)/final
19:20 Men's 100m (T52)/final - Josh Roberts (Morris, Ala.)
20:20 Men's 1500m (T13)/final - Peter Gottwald (West Chester, Pa.)
20:35 Men's 200m (T54)/final
21:03 Men's 800m (T54)/final
21:20 Women's 800m (T54)/prelim - Chelsea McClammer (Benton City, Wash.), Tatyana McFadden (Clarksville, Md.)
For complete track & field competition results, visit http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRMP/ENG/Schedule/AT.shtml.
For more information or to arrange an athlete interview, please contact Beth Bourgeois at 139-1075-4847 (if calling from the U.S., dial 011 86 plus the local number).


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Debates of Nov. 30th, 2001
House of Commons Hansard #122 of the 37th Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was information.
- Aeronautics Act
- Crohn's and Colitis
- Softwood Lumber
- George Harrison
- National Hemophilia Month
- Saguenay Municipal Elections
- National Defence
- Bluma Appel
- Bal des moissons
- Religious Organizations
- Gun Control
- Volunteers
- World Aids Day
- Human Rights
- Bill C-394
- Hepatitis C
- Osteoporosis
- Terrorism
- Public Safety Act
- The Budget
- Bill C-42
- Immigration
- Air Transportation
- Justice
- Air Transportation
- Terrorism
- Summit G-20
- Patent Act
- Health
- Terrorism
- Industry
- The Environment
- Agriculture
- Research and Development
- Forest Industry
- Natural Resources
- The Environment
- Air Canada
- Canada Post
- International Aid
- Correctional Service Canada
- Privilege
- Committees of the House
- Questions on the Order Paper
- Question No. 79
- Aeronautics Act
- An act to amend certain acts and instruments and to repeal the Fisheries Prices Support Act
- Parliament of Canada Act
Gun Control
Statements by Members
November 30th, 2001 / 11:05 a.m.
Canadian Alliance
Brian Fitzpatrick Prince Albert, SK
Mr. Speaker, the Liberal government's firearms registration system has proven to be a dismal failure. The law has only served to harass law abiding gun owners and consume an ever expanding budget.
The system was supposed to cost $85 million. The cost has ballooned to $680 million. This is while police forces across the country are starved for resources. The latest scheme from the justice minister is to rebate $10 to eligible gun owners. A conservative estimate of the administrative costs of the rebate program is $15 per cheque. This is typical Liberal mathematics: spend $15 to send out a $10 cheque.
The gun law has not worked except for its secret agenda of attacking rural Canada, hunters and tourism. What will it take to have the Liberal government scrap this useless program?
Statements by Members
11:05 a.m.
Larry McCormick Hastings—Frontenac—Lennox And Addington, ON
Mr. Speaker, as the United Nations International Year of Volunteers draws to a close I recognize all the Canadians who contribute their time and skills to their communities.
We know that more than 6.5 million Canadians serve a wide range of voluntary organizations. In addition, 16.2 million Canadians volunteer their time informally by providing occasional caregiving relief or by driving an elderly person to the grocery store. They provide the simple but generous things that improve the quality of our lives. Given that we are a nation of fewer than 32 million people, this is an amazing rate of volunteerism.
The rural communities across Hastings, Frontenac, Lennox and Addington are typical of the generous spirit and caring of Canadians. For example, on November 23 the Napanee Rotary Club celebrated its 75th anniversary. Since 1926 Rotarians have partnered with others in the community to support diverse initiatives, from creating recreational spaces to contributing to the children's wing of the local library.
Although the International Year of Volunteers is coming to an end, the work of volunteers will continue. Please join me in saluting all Canadian volunteers.
World Aids Day
Statements by Members
11:10 a.m.
Pat Martin Winnipeg Centre, MB
Mr. Speaker, the last three years have seen a 91% increase in the number of aboriginal people living with HIV-AIDS in the country. Three hundred and fifty new cases each year means that one aboriginal person per day is becoming infected.
On December 1 we recognize both World AIDS Day and Aboriginal AIDS Awareness Day because the HIV-AIDS pandemic is growing at an alarming rate in first nations communities. Twenty per cent of all AIDS cases in Canada are aboriginal people, yet less than eight per cent of all funding for prevention and care is targeted to aboriginal communities. Perhaps even more worrisome is the age of aboriginal persons living with AIDS. Fully one-third of them are under 30 years old.
We need to give special attention to the alarming crisis of HIV-AIDS in the aboriginal community. I urge the government to increase its efforts in the prevention and care of aboriginal people in first nations communities.
Human Rights
Statements by Members
11:10 a.m.
Stephen Owen Vancouver Quadra, BC
Mr. Speaker, this Sunday, December 2 is the International Day for the Abolition of Slavery. Article four of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that no one shall be held in slavery or servitude and that slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms, yet there are places in the world where this article is not respected.
Slavery comes in many forms: the sexual exploitation of children; child labour; migrant labour; domestic labour; forced labour; slavery for ritual or religious purposes; and trafficking. We must meet the difficult challenges perpetuated by these injustices and eradicate slavery in all of its manifestations.
Slavery is an affront to the values and ideals that Canadians and freedom loving people around the world hold dear. Indeed it is an affront to all of humanity. I invite all hon. members of the House and all Canadians to join in commemorating December 2, the International Day for the Abolition of Slavery.
Bill C-394
Statements by Members
11:10 a.m.
Stéphan Tremblay Lac-Saint-Jean—Saguenay, QC
Mr. Speaker, a few minutes ago, I held a press conference with Ken Georgetti, the president of the Canadian Labour Congress, a group that represents some 2.5 million workers.
Mr. Georgetti was there to support my bill on socially responsible investment, the objective of which is to increase corporate transparency and accountability with respect to the use of the billions of dollars invested through pension funds.
By requiring pension fund administrators to provide an annual report describing social, ethical and environmental considerations made when choosing investments, Bill C-394 will foster a growing interest among workers in how their pension fund savings are being used.
In addition to my bill, it is important to mobilize workers in order to implement socially responsible investing, which could turn out to be a significant tool in influencing globalization.
Hepatitis C
Statements by Members
11:10 a.m.
Progressive Conservative
Bill Casey Cumberland—Colchester, NS
Mr. Speaker, Joanne McCallum from Colchester county, Nova Scotia contracted hepatitis C from a blood transfusion in 1986. Incredibly her daughter Michelle also received contaminated blood from a transfusion and has now passed away.
Joanne has applied for compensation under the terms of the settlement agreement. Although she is devastated physically, emotionally and financially, she is subjected repeatedly to irrelevant questions, treated to bad attitudes and confronted with problems when she applies for help to get through the red tape. In response I contacted the Minister of Health and asked him to intervene but he referred me back to the source of the frustrations in the first place.
If the government can send our soldiers to war, if it can create new taxes and create new laws that allow arrest without warrant, surely it can help find a way for Joanne McCallum to get through this red tape. I ask the Minister of Health to put the full weight of his office behind this effort and follow it through until it is completed successfully.
Statements by Members
11:15 a.m.
Carolyn Bennett St. Paul's, ON
Mr. Speaker, November is Osteoporosis Awareness Month. Osteoporosis is a medical condition where the bones become thin and weakened, making fracture more likely, especially in the hip, spine and wrist. It has long been thought to affect post-menopausal women but in fact men can also be at risk of osteoporosis.
Approximately 1.4 million Canadians suffer from osteoporosis. One in four women over 50 suffer from the disease. Seventy per cent of hip fractures are related to osteoporosis. In fact, osteoporosis related fractures result in more deaths of women each year than breast and ovarian cancer combined.
The risk factors for osteoporosis include diet, inactivity, being underweight, smoking and too much caffeine or alcohol. I encourage Canadians to inform themselves about the ways in which they can prevent osteoporosis and to participate in events sponsored by the Osteoporosis Society of Canada.
Oral Question Period
11:15 a.m.
Canadian Alliance
Stockwell Day Leader of the Opposition
Mr. Speaker, thanks to the good work of the FBI and none of the good work of our government, the evidence against Samir Mohamed is very compelling. He lied to a refugee board; he was a member of a terrorist organization; he committed criminal activity in our country; he sent passports to Germany to help terrorists there; and he talked about bombing a Jewish neighbourhood in Montreal.
Our government is embarrassed about getting into a big fight and continues to tolerate this type of refugee claimant. Will it at least commit today to immediately extradite this man to the United States to a government that is proud to get into a big fight against terrorism and to a government that will not tolerate--
Oral Question Period
11:15 a.m.
The Speaker
The hon. Deputy Prime Minister.
Oral Question Period
11:15 a.m.
Windsor West
Herb Gray Deputy Prime Minister
Mr. Speaker, the government is not tolerating terrorists. The Canadian government arrested this individual months before there was a request by the Americans for his extradition. We are acting vigorously to protect the interests of Canadians.
I do not know why the hon. member is always running down his country and its security agencies. This is totally unjustified and unwarranted, and he should be embarrassed by this.
Oral Question Period
11:15 a.m.
Canadian Alliance
Stockwell Day Leader of the Opposition
Mr. Speaker, we love our country. We are concerned with the government that is running it down.
This terrorist applied for refugee status in England. He was turned down. He applied for refugee status in Germany. He was turned down. He got into Canada. When we found out he was lying, when we found out he had a huge record, what did the appeal board here do? It granted him another refugee hearing.
When will the government clean up its act and stop with these ridiculous insults about who loves Canada?
Oral Question Period
11:15 a.m.
Windsor West
Herb Gray Deputy Prime Minister
Mr. Speaker, the hon. friend's indignation is not based on the facts. The government did not accept him as a refugee and that is the fact. We acted the same as the other countries.
The hon. member ought to recognize that Canada is acting vigorously in support of the security of its people, and the hon. member has no business running down our agencies in a totally unjustified manner.
Oral Question Period
11:15 a.m.
Canadian Alliance
Stockwell Day Leader of the Opposition
We are running this government down, Mr. Speaker. Other countries refused him. We took him. When he failed his application, we gave him another one. Do not tell me that we are doing as other countries do.
The FBI revealed that Samir Mohamed, a member of the same terrorist cell as Ahmed Ressam, in Montreal, not only intended blowing up certain sectors of Montreal, but as well that others were probably working for him at the Canadian passport office.
How can the Government of Canada convince the public that there are no spies working in the passport office?
Oral Question Period
11:15 a.m.
Elinor Caplan Minister of Citizenship and Immigration
Mr. Speaker, the hysterics of the Leader of the Opposition do nothing to inform people of the facts. The facts are that this is old news. Many investigations are underway. The allegations that the Leader of the Opposition is making are clearly wrong.
Canada and the United States are working very closely together. Whenever we identify individuals who pose a security threat, we keep them in detention and take appropriate action. That is exactly what is happening in this case.
Oral Question Period
11:15 a.m.
Canadian Alliance
Grant Hill Macleod, AB
Mr. Speaker, let us look at our record in terms of capturing and prosecuting terrorists. Who caught Ahmed Ressam? It was U.S. customs. Who warned us about this Montreal bomber? It was the FBI. Why is our record in capturing and prosecuting terrorists just so dreadful?


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David Hall: In Choice Uncirculated condition, the 1946 is the rarest of the 1941 to 1947 Walking Liberty half dollars, though the 1947 is a close second. As in the case with all Philadelphia Walkers, strike is not a problem with this issue. There are many very frosty, fully lustrous Gems.
Heritage 4/2015:4688, $18,800


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Board Starts 2012 with new Portfolio Assignments
By Bill Graziano
For my first editorial as PASS President, I want to take a moment to thank all
of you who voted in our Board elections in December and encourage you to get
even more involved in your organization in this new year.
It was awesome to see the excitement generated by a phenomenal slate of
candidates and by wide-ranging community discussion about the biggest issues and
opportunities facing our organization. I challenge all of us to translate that
energy into creative solutions to help SQL Server professionals around the world
connect, share, and learn. With your help, 2012 is going to be a great year for
One of the first tasks for the President each year is to assign Board members to
portfolios, and I'm excited to announce this year's portfolio leaders.
Read More.
5000+ Followers on Twitter!
Thanks to Matt Hanson (@majahanson311), who became our 5000th follower on
Twitter the first week of January.
Matt, a SQL Server DBA and .NET programmer working for MITRE in McLean, VA, said
all the Twitter talk at PASS Summit 2011 prompted him to sign up to keep up with
the community.
If you're on Twitter, make sure you're following
@sqlpass and
@majahanson311. If not,
sign up today -- 10,000 followers, here we
24 Hours of PASS: English and Russian Editions
It's back! You've heard the buzz, you've seen the
session recordings, and you love your SQL Server training – now it's time to
mark your calendar with two important dates. The
next 24 Hours of
PASS event will feature 24 back-to-back online technical sessions beginning
March 21 at 00:00 GMT. Then for our Russian community it's back again on April
12 with the 24 Hours of
PASS, Russian edition. No matter where you are in the world, you'll gain
access to the best SQL Server training, delivered to your computer. Registration for both events opens in February.
In the meantime, consider submitting an abstract. We're opening up Call for Speakers on January 16th for the english speaking event and are currently accepting abstracts from Russian speaking presenters. We're looking for presenters from across the
globe who can deliver tips, tricks and best practices around SQL Server,
especially SQL Server 2012.
Find out more.
Planning on attending
PASS SQLRally?
Sign up by Jan 14 at the early rate of $299!
Register now.
PASS SQLRally Call for Speakers Closes Jan. 22
Your chance to be part of the PASS SQLRally Dallas 2012 program is fast
Find out more and
submit your session abstract by Jan 22.
Special Ops Tour: Submission Deadline Extended
The Special Ops Tour, brought to you by Microsoft and PASS,
is deep into the planning stages. The time has come to select the 12 DBA
operatives who have the skills and accomplishments to join the team. You could
be one of the 12 – tell us how you resolved any IT problem using SQL Server
2012, RC0 by January 24th.
Find out more.
PASS HQ Spotlight: Karla Landrum
Community Evangelist Karla Landrum is spreading the good news about PASS
Chapters and SQLSaturdays around the world and helping develop a new generation
of leaders in the SQL Server community. No wonder her Twitter avatar is Wonder
Woman. Read more.
From the Blogosphere:
PASS DW/BI VC Presents:
Security Tips and tricks for Analysis Servers 2008 R2,
Jan. 12, 12pm ET
PASS DW/BI VC Presents:
Security SSIS Tips and Tricks, Jan. 17, 12pm ET
PASS SQLSaturday #76 -
Auckland, NZ, Jan. 28
See more events
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The Battle of Khe Sanh
APRIL 6th and 7th 2013
The Battle of Khe Sanh was conducted in northwestern Quang Tri Province, Republic of Vietnam between January 21st and April 8th 1968. The combatants were elements of the US III Marine Amphebious Force (IIIMAF), South Vietnamese ARMY (ARVN) and two to three division-size elements of the Peoples Army of Vietnam (PAVN). The American command of South Vietnam gave the defense of the base nickname Operation Scotland.
The American command in Saigon initially believed that combat operations around Khe Sanh during the summer of 1967 were just part of a series of minor North Vietnamese offensives in the border regions. That appraisal was altered when it was discovered that PAVN was moving forces into the area during the fall and winter. A build up of Marine forces took place and actions around Khe Sanh commenced when the Marine base was isolated. During a series of desperate actions the last 77 days, Khe Sahn Combat Base (KSCB) and the hilltop outpost around it were under constant North Vietmese ground, artillary, mortor, and rocket attacts.
In March of 1968 an overland relief expedition (operation Pegasus) was launched by a combined Marine/Army/South Vietnamese task force that eventually broke through to the Marines at Khe Sanh. The battle was a tactical victory for the Marines, although it had no clear strategic implications.
Camping opens at 12 noon
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Started by Jkeisler, Feb 02 2013 10:54 PM
1 reply to this topic
Posted 02 February 2013 - 10:54 PM
Posted 02 February 2013 - 11:57 PM
Thats one of our meet days so maybe the USC club will come out and I can grab some guys from Shaw AFB to come out also. - Kyle
Check us out at Retribution Sports!
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Debates of Nov. 16th, 2007
House of Commons Hansard #18 of the 39th Parliament, 2nd Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was provinces.
- Question Period
- Canada Elections Act
- Constitution Act, 2007 (Senate tenure)
- Ron Tracey
- Community Events
- Quebec International Solidarity Days
- Green Communities
- Federal-Provincial-Municipal Relations
- Canadian Association of Research Libraries
- Infrastructure
- International Day of the Imprisoned Writer
- Diabetes
- Infrastructure
- Sir James Douglas
- Freedom of Expression
- Poverty
- Manufacturing and Forestry Sector
- International Day for Tolerance
- Bloc Québécois
- Airbus
- Afghanistan
- The Environment
- Airbus
- Human Resources and Social Development
- Afghanistan
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- Public Safety
- Justice
- Homelessness
- Infrastructure
- Foreign Affairs
- Vehicle Safety
- Canada Marine Act
- Criminal Code
- Income Tax Act
- Pedro da Silva Recognition Act
- Petitions
- Questions on the Order Paper
- Questions Passed as Orders for Returns
- Starred Questions
- Constitution Act, 2007 (Senate tenure)
- Canada Student Financial Assistance Act
Vehicle Safety
Oral Questions
Lawrence Cannon Minister of Transport
Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my colleague for his work on this file over the last two years.
Transport Canada has been evaluating the performance of electronic stability control since 2004 by testing various vehicles on different surface conditions. The department is continuing research and promoting electronic stability control, but more importantly, it is developing regulations for prepublication in 2008.
Canada Marine Act
Routine Proceedings
November 16th, 2007 / noon
Lawrence Cannon Minister of Transport
moved for leave to introduce Bill C-23, An Act to amend the Canada Marine Act, the Canada Transportation Act, the Pilotage Act and other Acts in consequence.
(Motions deemed adopted, bill read the first time and printed)
Criminal Code
Routine Proceedings
Stockwell Day Minister of Public Safety
moved for leave to introduce Bill C-24, An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act (non-registration of firearms that are neither prohibited nor restricted).
(Motions deemed adopted, bill read the first time and printed)
Income Tax Act
Routine Proceedings
Brian Masse Windsor West, ON
moved for leave to introduce Bill C-476, An Act to amend the Income Tax Act (tax credit for gifts).
Mr. Speaker, it is a privilege to introduce this bill. I would like to thank the member for Winnipeg Centre who has been helping me with the bill.
The bill would amend the Income Tax Act and provide for greater donations and return for those individuals who give to the not for profit sector, charities, organization and groups.
In particular, the proposed bill mirrors the political system, where for the first $1,275 that a person gives, charities will be able to issue a greater tax back, so middle and lower income earners will get a better return. It treats the system fairly.
This is a significant change that would help the industry. The charitable industry sector is around 8% of the Canadian economy and employs 2 million people in great causes, everything from seniors and children to universities and colleges.
I would request unanimous consent for the following motion: That, notwithstanding the Standing Orders or usual practices of the House, that this bill, an act to amend the Income Tax Act, be deemed carried at second reading, referred to the committee of the whole, be deemed to have been adopted at committee of the whole and reported without amendment, be deemed to have been concurred in at report stage, without amendment, and be deemed carried at third reading and passed.
Income Tax Act
Routine Proceedings
The Speaker Peter Milliken
Maybe we should complete the first reading of the bill and then I will see if there is consent to advance it through all stages, as suggested.
(Motions deemed adopted, bill read the first time and printed)
Income Tax Act
Routine Proceedings
12:05 p.m.
The Speaker Peter Milliken
Is there unanimous consent for the motion proposed by the hon. member for Windsor West?
Income Tax Act
Routine Proceedings
12:05 p.m.
Some hon. members
Pedro da Silva Recognition Act
Routine Proceedings
12:05 p.m.
Mario Silva Davenport, ON
moved for leave to introduce Bill C-477, An Act to recognize Pedro da Silva as Canada's first officially commissioned letter carrier.
Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to table a bill entitled "an act to recognize Pedro da Silva as Canada's first officially commissioned letter carrier".
The bill calls on the government to recognize the 55th anniversary of officially sponsored immigration to Canada and the many contributions made by the Portuguese-Canadian community. The bill also requests that the government take appropriate measures to designate a national park or monument in recognition of Pedro da Silva for his dedicated service as Canada's first official letter carrier.
Pedro da Silva, a Portuguese trapper and carter living in the colony of New France, was commissioned to transport letters from Quebec to Montreal in the early 1700s, a service he provided for the rest of his life. Historians also know that Portuguese descendants have had a strong presence in North America, dating back over 500 years. In fact, many names in Newfoundland have a Portuguese origin and this heritage is continuously growing from coast to coast to coast in Canada.
Canadians of Portuguese heritage have a lot of which to be proud. From world renowned artists such as Albert de Castro, Nelly Furtado, Shawn Desmond and Canadian Idol Brian Melo, to hockey players like Mike Ribeiro and to business, labour and legal professionals, the community continues to contribute to the socio-cultural fabric of our nation.
The bill bestows appropriate recognition for the contributions of the Portuguese Canadian community to Canada's development, heritage and progress.
(Motions deemed adopted, bill read the first time and printed)
Income Trusts
Routine Proceedings
12:05 p.m.
Ken Boshcoff Thunder Bay—Rainy River, ON
Mr. Speaker, I have the honour to table a petition. The petition contains another regrettable list of people who have been financially damaged by the income tax breach of trust.
The petitioners ask the government to acknowledge that its final justification for imposing the tax was flawed, to apologize to Canadians who were unfairly harmed by its reckless broken promise and to repeal the 31.5% tax on income trusts.
Routine Proceedings
12:05 p.m.
Mario Silva Davenport, ON
Mr. Speaker, I have the honour to present two petitions. The first petition calls upon the government to reinstate the cuts to the literacy program.
Literacy affects many adults. It is increasingly difficult for them to access resources when they need help and the programs are not there. Literacy lies at the root of many social issues. By investing in adult literacy programs, these programs aid Canadian adults to gain valuable skills essential to employment, which improves their economic well-being as well as that of the whole Canada.
Routine Proceedings
12:05 p.m.
Mario Silva Davenport, ON
Mr. Speaker, I also have another petition. I stand today, united with my constituents in Davenport, as I table this petition.
The petitioners ask the government to put an end to politicking and seriously address the issues of handgun crimes. It is not enough to simply punish offenders after a life is taken. We must also prevent future tragedies from occurring.
They call upon the government to intervene with at risk youth by funding social programs. They call upon government to enforce better gun laws proven to make our citizens safer, not populist propaganda that has failed in the U.S. Finally, they call upon the government to ban handguns and create stricter gun control policies.
Let us be proactive and prevent these tragedies.
Visitor Visas
Routine Proceedings
12:05 p.m.
Gurbax Malhi Bramalea—Gore—Malton, ON
Mr. Speaker, I am honoured to present the following petition signed by the constituents of Bramalea—Gore—Malton.
The petitioners call upon the government to institute a system of visa bonds for temporary resident visa applicants wishing to come to Canada as members of the visitors class, to give immigration counsellors discretion over the creation of visa bonds, to establish minimum and maximum visa bond amounts as a guideline for immigration officials and to allow the visa bond to apply to either the sponsor or the visitor.
Questions on the Order Paper
Routine Proceedings
12:10 p.m.
Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre
Tom Lukiwski Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons and Minister for Democratic Reform
Mr. Speaker, the following question will be answered today: No. 42.
Question No. 42
Questions on the Order Paper
Routine Proceedings
12:10 p.m.
Gilles Duceppe Laurier—Sainte-Marie, QC
With reference to the work of Bernard Grenier, the Commissioner of Inquiry appointed by the Chief Electoral Officer of Quebec to investigate the activities of Option Canada during the referendum held in Quebec in October 1995: (a) how many lawyers with the Attorney General of Canada worked on this matter; (b) what was the cost of the federal government's involvement in the work of this inquiry; (c) how many witnesses were assisted by the lawyer or lawyers with the Attorney General of Canada; and (d) did the Attorney General of Canada retain the services of private-sector lawyers to work on this matter and, if so, what are their names and how much were they paid?
Question No. 42
Questions on the Order Paper
Routine Proceedings
12:10 p.m.
Niagara Falls
Rob Nicholson Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada
Mr. Speaker, the answer is as follows:
a) Two litigators from the Attorney General of Canada participated in the work of this inquiry.
b) The costs and disbursements associated with the federal government's involvement in the work of this inquiry total approximately $21,450.00 (representing costs for photocopies, transcriptions and travelling as well as the costs authorized, in accordance with the terms of the policy on the indemnification of and legal assistance for crown servants, for the provision of legal assistance by private sector lawyers to witnesses who testified before Commissaire Grenier).
c) The lawyers from the Attorney General of Canada represented the interest of the Attorney General of Canada and in this capacity, assisted two witnesses and were present at the testimony of two other witnesses.
d) The Attorney General of Canada did not retain the services of private sector lawyers to work on this matter.


text:
The Interfaith Center of Greater Philadelphia advances mutual trust, understanding, and cooperation among faith communities, in order to work together for the common good of the region.
Through celebration, service, education, and action, the Interfaith Center of Greater Philadelphia enables people of all faiths to share their deepest convictions, shape solutions to common problems, and live out their highest values and aspirations.
To achieve this vision, we:
Develop more leaders of the interfaith movement who know how to bridge differences and work for the common good.
Create accessible models for people of various faith traditions to learn how to work together—not separately—to effectively address common issues and problems in the pursuit of a just and compassionate social order.
Educate and inspire youth and adults of different faiths to create communities that go beyond indifference and skepticism to truly valuing and engaging differences.
Help diverse faith communities understand their respective stories , celebrating both commonalities and distinctiveness within their various traditions.


text:
Thinking about what to get your employees or clients this holiday season? Skip the ergonomic calculators and discount key-ring bottle openers. Send the gift of Garrett and put a smile on everyone's face.
Garrett Popcorn is an easy, personal (and delicious!) way to thank your customers and clients this year. We have many flavors of handcrafted, gourmet popcorn to choose from, particularly our famous Chicago Mix: a blend of CaramelCrisp® and CheeseCorn™.
We offer unique corporate gifts for clients, special events, employee appreciation or any occasion. Make a lasting impression with a custom lid design, complete with your company's logo. Our famous gourmet popcorn is the perfect corporate gift!
Visit our website to learn more about Chicago corporate gifts. Whether it's for one or one thousand…Garrett Popcorn is always in good taste!


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Features & Benefits
Extremely smooth horizontal pattern for consistent sound
Ultra-low distortion yields remarkable fidelity
Extraordinarily flat amplitude and phase response for tonal accuracy and precise imaging
Extended low-frequency response for stand-alone applications
Constant-Q horn affords uniform response throughout the coverage area
Predictable performance ensures system design flexibility
Narrow pattern enables precisely controlled coverage and arrayability and increases efficency at high frequencies
Concert halls, theatres
and houses of worship
Downfill and delays in
large-scale reinforcement
Stage monitoring side
Paging and announcing
The CQ-2 narrow coverage main is a self-powered, phase-corrected reinforcement loudspeaker offering precise, high-Q coverage. The CQ-2 features a patented constant-Q horn design the result of extensive research using Meyer Sound's calibrated
anechoic chamber. The frequency response of 40 Hz to 16 kHz is uniform over the entire coverage area in both the horizontal
and vertical axes, with no side lobes even when measured at a one-sixth octave frequency resolution.
The CQ-2 loudspeaker's unique combination of arrayability, precise pattern control, compact size, low distortion and high power make it suitable for a wide variety of installed and rental applications. As stand- alone or in arrays, the CQ-2 is perfect as the main PA in small to mid-sized auditoriums, houses of worship, clubs and hotel ballroom settings, and is highly effective in delayed fill applications for arenas and outdoor concert systems.
The CQ-2 loudspeaker's low-frequency section comprises a single 15-inch Meyer Sound cone driver, and the high-frequency section utilizes a 4-inch diaphragm compression driver coupled to a 50-degree by 40-degree constant-Q horn.
The sophisticated MP-2/CQ-1 power amplifier is integrated into an accessible, lightweight rear module. The amplification, processing and protection circuitry produces consistent and predictable results in any system design. The proprietary two-channel amplifier employs Meyer Sound's proven class AB/H design with complementary MOSFET output stages, and delivers 1240 watts burst power (620 watts per channel). Audio is processed through an electronic crossover and correction filters for phase and frequency response, as well as driver protection circuitry.
Each amplifier channel has TruPower limiting technology which maximizes loudspeaker reliability, minimizing power compression and extending component life. TruPower also affords higher continuous SPL capability at all frequencies with maximum headroom and regulates voice coil temperature. Limiter activity is easy to monitor with the limit LEDs on the rear panel.
The MP-2/CQ-2 amplifier's power supply incorporates Meyer Sound's Intelligent AC system, which performs automatic voltage selection, EMI filtering, soft current turn-on and surge suppression. Intelligent AC allows fail-safe operation worldwide, with no need to manually select the AC mains voltage.
The compact CQ-2 system is housed in an all-birch multi-ply enclosure with a textured, hard shell black finish. It is flyable and arrayable using standard ring and stud pan fittings on top and bottom rated at 500 lbs (226.80 kg) with a 5:1 safety factor. Optional 30- and 40-degree arraying rigging frames and mounting yoke allow fast, flexible installation
and easy aiming in any application.
Options for the CQ-2 cabinet include weather protection and finishes in custom colors for fixed installations and other situations requiring specific cosmetics.
The CQ-2 integrates with the optional RMS remote monitoring system, which displays signal and power levels, driver status, limiter activity, and amplifier temperature on a remote Windows computer.
Featured Technology
Intelligent AC System
RMS Remote Monitoring System
TruPower Limiting
QuickFly Rigging
Read stories about CQ-2 »


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Watch Featured Movies
Seeds of Discovery: No description
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text:
Rumbling Hearts
The Past Will Catch Up
Episode 13 | TV-14
Realizing that three years have passed and things change, Haruka asks Takayuki if he's dating anyone else. He tells here there's no one. But when Mitsuki visits at the young girl's request, Haruka learns the truth.
Official Site: www.funimation.com/shows/rumbling-heartsHide Details


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