text: In pop culture, it was a time like no other. Ronald Reagan was in the White House, "The Terminator" was in the box office and Run-D.M.C. was in certified gold. It was also the time when Oakley created one-of-a-kind sunglasses called the Frogskins. Oakley resurrected the original tooling from the early '80s giving you a chance to own a piece of history. Put the Oakley Frogskins Sunglasses in Matte Black/Ruby Polarized on your face. Feature classic wayfarer design. Oakley logo at outer temple in white. Classic cut. Classic concept. Oakley detailing throughout.


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Composition FOR ALRIKAllopurinol(300 mg)
food interaction for ALRIK
alcohol interaction for ALRIK
pregnancy interaction for ALRIK
lactation interaction for ALRIK
medicine interaction for ALRIK
Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the foetus, however, there are limited human studies. The benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk. Please consult your doctor.
How it works
Common side effects
- ZYLORIC 300 MG TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Glaxo SmithKline Pharmaceuticals LtdRs. 7.29/tabletRs. 72.87pay 85% more per tablet
- CIPLORIC 300 MG TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Cipla LtdRs. 6.81/tabletRs. 68.10pay 73% more per tablet
- PILORIC 300 MG TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Psychotropics India LtdRs. 15.15/tabletRs. 151.50pay 285% more per tablet
- ZYRIK 300 MG TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Cipla LtdRs. 5.74/tabletRs. 57.40pay 46% more per tablet
- CIPROLIC 300 MG TABLET(10 tablets in strip)Cipla LtdRs. 5.67/tabletRs. 56.67pay 44% more per tablet
Expert advice FOR ALRIK
- Do not start or continue allopurinol and consult your doctorif you are allergic to allopurinol
- Drink plenty of fluids wile taking this medication
- Take the drug with meals or a snack to prevent stomach upset
Frequently asked questions FOR ALRIK
Q. Is allopurinol/Zyloric safe?
Allopurinol/Zyloric is safe if used at prescribed doses for the prescribed duration as advised by your doctor
Q. Is allopurinol a narcotic or an antibiotic or nephrotoxic or NSAID or steroid or diuretic?
No, allopurinol belongs to a group of medicines called enzyme inhibitors. It reduces the amount of uric acid in the body by blocking one of the processes that makes it. It is used to treat gout (pain and swelling of the small joints due to elevated levels of uric acid in the blood and subsequent deposition in the joints, kidney stones, in some types of Cancer due to increase in the amount of uric acid in the body and enzyme disorders due to increase in the amount of uric acid in the body
Q. Is allopurinol generic?
Yes, allopurinol is a generic name. However, it is available in the market with different brand names
Q. Can I take allopurinol with indomethacin or naproxen or prednisone or ibuprofen or diclofenac or metformin or flucloxacillin?
No results found for any interaction of allopurinol with all these drugs,, but always consult with your doctor before taking this medication
Q. Can I take allopurinol with colchicine (Colcrys)?
No. Colchicine interacts with allopurinol. Do not take colchicine with allopurinol
Q. Does allopurinol affect the liver?
Yes, allopurinol alters the liver enzyme and in rare cases it may cause jaundice (yellowish of skin and eye)
Q. Does allopurinol affect blood pressure?
Yes, allopurinol has shown low but significant effect in reducing the blood pressure
Q. Does allopurinol affect kidneys?
Allopurinol decreases C-reactive protein and slows the progression of renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease
Q. Does allopurinol affect blood sugar?
There is no conclusive proof that it affects blood sugar
Q. Does allopurinol affect male fertility?
Yes, it may cause infertility in male
Q. Does allopurinol cause weight gain?
It may cause rapid weight gain.

subset: commoncrawl


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Your Dog, Your Life
The Scoop
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Health & Care
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Copyright © I-5 Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved.
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E. E. Smith
From Wikiquote
Edward Elmer "Doc" Smith Ph.D. (May 2, 1890 – August 31, 1965) was an influential early science fiction author, known best for his space opera series, Lensman and Skylark.
|This article on an author is a stub. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it.
Triplanetary is the first installment in the Lensman series.
- Absolute authority will be delegated. Full responsibility will be assumed. Those who succeed will receive advancement and satisfaction of desire. Those who fail will die.
- All-Highest of Eddore, book 3, chapter 17.


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Body Solid 15 lb Padded Weight
Product Information:
Take your individual or group workout to the next level with the Body Solid ® 15 lb Padded Weight. These weights are ideal for individual workouts or group exercise classes like yoga, pilates and aerobics. Increase core strength, stability and endurance with this padded weight. The durable rubber construction gives good grip and is easy to clean when you are done. Color-coded tips make it easy to tell which weight you are grabbing.
- Ideal for group exercises, physical therapy, yoga, pilates and aerobics
- Increase core strength, endurance and stability
- Durable rubber construction for a secure, comfortable grip
- Rubber grips are easy to clean
- Color-coded rubber ends make it easy to determine weight
- Model: 6919973
- Body-Solid
Country of Origin: ChinaWeb ID: 11913725
Customer Reviews:
Rated 4.8 out of 5�by 9 reviewers.
Rated 4 out of 5�by bigdady15 worth purchase Easy to use , wish it were longer for use in shoulder presses April 17, 2016
Rated 5 out of 5�by Santan20 Body padded 15 lb weight bar If you would like to see results in one week try this amazing old school body bar. It will define your arms, triceps , biceps and terrific for squats and lounges. Don't be afraid to use it. I had a personal trainer and she defined by body with this bar. October 15, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5�by Jane 15 pound Body Bar This body bar was just what I was looking for to add a new and challenging dimension to my workout. It's well made and the padding is greatly appreciated. June 4, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5�by Loralea Extremly Satisfied with my order. I purchased the Body Solid 15lb Padded Weight and it is everything that I expected. Easy to use, easy to store and I can take it when I travel. The best thing about ordering on-line, I received it within 3 days. Nice.... June 3, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5�by luckyblackdress as expected weighs about 15 lbs.... will update with info about how it wears, later. May 12, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5�by chergui Good Product I use a body bar at the gym and wanted one for my home. This bar has great padding. I use it for several upper body exercises. I actually like it better than free weights. March 28, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5�by Bruiser exactly what I needed I bought this to use for kung fu pole training at the park. It's very durable and easy to hold. Seems like it will hold up a long time. Thanks! November 4, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5�by DWH A great training tool and great value The staff at our local Dick's was tremendous and gave me the help I needed to find this product for a gift. The clerk even put the order in and had it drop shipped to my house. This was like the "old days" where the customer received polite service for their business. This is very rare in stores today. This young man was the best. He should be manager and train others. January 8, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5�by Keith S good workout tool good all-around and promp excellent delivery timing January 7, 2013
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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (131 votes).
In short: Well organised event as normalIn full: Again a well organised event. Improvements this year were made at the finish to stop people walking along as you're going for your last and most important sprint. Weather was great which made a good day out. Only one problem is the start time of 11-30, why so late? could a 9-30 not be possible just so a whole Sunday isn't taken up?Date of review: April 2, 2009
In short: Not enough toilets! Date of review: March 30, 2009
In short: Fantastic!!Date of review: March 29, 2009
In short: Good buzz and atmosphere all day. Very good support from the locals!Date of review: March 28, 2009
In short: I thoroughly enjoyed taking part for the first time in a 1/2marathon and very pleased with my time of 1:42 :46. Date of review: March 27, 2009
In short: Enjoyable run, ( my 4th visit), excellent organisation & marshallingIn full: Great support from the locals, plenty of water/lucozade stations which were most welcome as it took place on the warmest day of the year so far! Plenty of encouragement from the marshalls, which is always appreciated. Will be back again!Date of review: March 24, 2009
In short: brilliant dayIn full: thank you so much fleet, great day & wonderful marshallsDate of review: March 23, 2009
In short: FleetDate of review: March 20, 2009
In short: Great atmosphere and organisation, was my first half and hope to take part again next year.Date of review: March 20, 2009
In short: Really well organised, great day out.Date of review: March 19, 2009
Visit the official Runner's World page
Follow Runner's World on Twitter
Click here
Other Natmag-Rodale Sites
Run For Charity
Injury Clinics
About Runner's World


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I and Jordan Ballor have already commented on Ender's Game this week (here and here), but the story is literally packed with insightful themes, many of which touch upon issues relevant to Acton's core principles. Another such issue is that of the problems with Neo-Malthusianism, the belief that overpopulation poses such a serious threat to civilization and the environment that population control measures become ethical imperatives.
Such a perspective tends to rely on one or both of the following fallacies: a zero-sum conception of economics ignorant of the last 200 years of sustained economic growth, which have allowed humankind to escape the Mathusian trap; or a belief that people are the problem when it comes to poverty.
In Ender's Game, the story begins (more obviously in the book) with the fact that Ender Wiggen (Asa Butterfield) is a "Third," a third-born child in a time when the international government of Earth had adopted a two-child policy. His parents had received special permission to have a Third because their first two children, Peter (Jimmy Pinchak) and Valentine (Abigail Breslin), had shown so much promise. Unfortunately, Peter had proven too aggressive and Valentine too compassionate. The government hoped that Ender would be a happy middle. (more…)


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Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.) - The Master of Science in Nursing prepares nurses to be able to teach in either nursing education programs or other originations that need an educator. It also prepares nurses with the ability to manage and educational program. The degree focuses of curriculum development, teaching strategies, evaluation, and adult learning. It also has a second focus that educated the student in the areas of business. The degree requires 36 graduate hours for completion.
Admission Requirements (In addition to those listed for All Graduate Students)
Students must have graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from a program that has been accredited either by National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission or the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education.
Transfer Credit - Up to 12 hours of approved gradate credit from an accredited college or university may satisfy degree requirements. To attempt transfer from other institutions, a student must submit an official transcript of the courses to be considered, and may also be required to submit a catalog description and course syllabus from the institution where
the course was taken. The dean of the school and the vice president of external campuses and gradate services.
Course Requirements - The Masters in Nursing requires completion of 36 hours of course work. A three hour practicum course is required with a preceptorship that has been approved by the faculty teaching the course.
NURS 5308 - Curriculum Development in Nursing Education
NURS 5309 - Teaching Strategies in Nursing
NURS 5310 - Evaluation of Learning in Nursing Education
NURS 5311 - Role Development in Nursing Leadership
NURS 5312 - Foundations of Adult Learning in Nursing Education
NURS 5314 - Applied Learning Theories in Nursing Education
NURS 5313 - Classroom Management in Nursing Education
NURS 5306 - Research Methods in Nursing Education
NURS 5307 - Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing Education
NURS 5301 - Organizational Structure and Systems Leadership in Nursing
NURS 5315 - Practicum
BUAD 5302 - Foundations of Economics and Finance Theory and Practice


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Last week was very busy at the Girl Scout office. We had a number of large-scale events, school is getting started, so the membership drive has started in earnest, and the program calendar is starting its cycle. It was a week of contrasts for me.
The council staff is working hard to provide the best possible experience for your girls, as we are girl- centered also. We understand what it is like to get parents to respond, bring you the money, and tell you if their girl is attending an event or not. We feel your pain on that, because ours is multiplied geometrically on that issue. We work with more than 400 troops, so as you have problems with issues like deadlines, imagine what is might be like in our world.
Each fall we identify what the deadlines are for program events and trainings. We do that so we assure the program or event complies with Girl Scout Safety Activity Checkpoints, and we have the right supplies. Too often a troop leader has come to an event, not registered and put the council staff in a position of telling the girls they can't attend or there isn't enough room. This is certainly a position none of us wishes to be in.
This year we will have deadlines on events, and some of these will not be negotiable, even if you pay the late fee. We will be doing this not because we like deadlines, but because the council program events often rely on others who do have deadlines that we can't adjust. Last year we had many occasions when the council staff had to ask host organizations to expand what we had requested because of latecomers, which can be embarrassing and costly. We won't be doing this for the 2012-2013 program year.
We time and date stamp registrations as they come in because we have programs that have a finite number of attendees, and in an effort to be fair, this is how we sort the registrations out. This means that, if you call to complain, the first thing we will do is check whether the registration was late.
The topic of late registrations this week was in contrast to a great event with wonderful volunteers involved from start to finish. We had a couple of large council events in the Auburn/Opelika area. We had troops that got up early on Saturday so they could do the Thin Mint Sprint. The troops arrived on time and seemed to have a blast. The troop leaders spent time with the host troop leaders talking about ideas on what they did with their girls that worked. It was a wonderful illustration of how, when you do attend an event at a distance, it might have some hidden rewards. The girls I saw were having a great time, the volunteers smiling and happy, the host volunteers providing what was a spectacular event!
That is what we want to do for every event this year, and we hope your girls can attend quite a few of them. Thanks for all you do to make this happen.


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Biweekly, USParalympics.org will spotlight one of the Paralympic Sport Clubs making a difference in the Paralympic Movement. Created in 2007 by U.S. Paralympics, a division of the United States Olympic Committee, the community based Paralympic Sport Club program involves youth and adults with physical and visual disabilities in physical activity and sports in their community, regardless of skill level. The program currently has 183 active Paralympic Sport Clubs in 46 states and Washington, D.C. To find Paralympic Sport Clubs and other adaptive, disabled and Paralympic sport opportunities in your community, visit the Paralympic Resource Network.
Arizona Disabled Sports, a Paralympic Sport Club in Mesa, Ariz., offers a variety of sport programs including archery.
Collaboration between public schools' adaptive physical education programs and a city's park and recreation adaptive sports program is all it took for Arizona Disabled Sports, Paralympic Sport Club Mesa, to take flight, serving both youth and adults with disabilities in the Phoenix area.
In 1989, two Mesa, Ariz., programs fused in order to obtain proper adaptive equipment for disabled youth and adult sport programs. Arizona Disabled Sports (AzDS) has been an unstoppable force nearly 25 years.
Known as Mesa Association of Sports for Disabled until 2007, AzDs has experienced rapid momentum since hiring its first full-time employees in 2003. It was previously operating as a volunteer non-profit organization.
"Since then we have been able to give AzDS the attention it needed and focus on the programs' development," said Executive Director Lane Gram.
Open to children (over 6 years old) and adults with any physical disability or visual impairment, AzDS offers programs with archery, bowling, cycling, kayaking, power soccer, swimming, wheelchair basketball and track and field.
Gram explained, with their growing participant numbers, the club is beginning to focus on developing the current programs and separating athletes into smaller groups that will enable them have a positive experience.
"Creating time frames for the different categories will make more of a one-on-one atmosphere for athletes," said Gram. "We'll be able to separate age groups as well as level of experience so everyone is comfortable."
In Mesa, cycling, archery and track programs are among those thriving.
Gram explained their adaptive cycling program is in high request because cycling is primarily individual. Athletes can come in as a group, learn about bike care and how to train, but can return home and recreationally cycle with family and friends.
AzDS aims to make adaptive sports not only beneficial but personally enjoyable too.
"Archery has grown a lot within our youth programs," Gram said. "Their track and field coaches will encourage them to try something new after practice, so they can get their exercise in and then go have fun with archery. The Hunger Games series has made archery 'cool' so we have seen a lot more kids join in."
With the concentration skills instilled by military training, and a natural ability to shoot, veterans with disabilities are also among those who find archery to be of interest.
Exposure from the London 2012 Paralympic Games has also produced a spike in interest for track events, which is sure to continue after the upcoming Desert Challenge. The annual multi-sport competition is a part of the inaugural International Paralympic Committee Athletics Grand Prix circuit.
The 2013 Desert Challenge, May 17-19, will include swimming, archery, track and field aas well as national and international classification events.
The International Paralympic Committee has sanctioned AzDS events in the past. Partnering the IPC, the global governing body for Paralympic sport, and U.S. Paralympics to bring international athletes to Mesa adds prestige to the Desert Challenge.
Gram said the event is expected to have 130 athletes.
At the event, track and field athletes will have the opportunity to be internationally classified, presenting an opportunity for AzDS to expand its involvement with the Paralympic Movement worldwide. The club is already well respected throughout the state and even the nation.
"AzDS offers a close-knit community for participants as well as a strong connection with other organizations," said Gram. "We get referrals from physical therapists, doctors and hospitals, and collaborating with them really helps spread awareness."
Rio Salado Rowing Club in Phoenix is the only other Paralympic Sport Club in Arizona.
"We are also one of the only recognized Paralympic Sport Clubs in Arizona, so some of our athletes travel from all over the state just to come and train," Lane said.
AzDS stands to be one of the nation's fastest growing Paralympic Sports Clubs, but the organization is not all about sport programs.
Gram revealed their summer plans of developing an athlete ambassador program as well as a mentor program. Through the programs, AzDS athletes of all levels will participate in events throughout the community, hoping to encourage disabled individuals to participate in sports programming. New AzDS athletes can then interact with already successful athletes.
"The summers are very hot here, so when there isn't much training, we want our ambassadors to essentially be spokespeople for the club and for their sport," explained Gram.
Along with the development of an athlete ambassador program, AzDS has long-term goals of branching out to reach more areas in Arizona communities as well as nationally. Gram said they would like to create satellite programs so athletes would not have to travel far to train or participate.
Short-term goals for AzDS are to simply continue their influence of adaptive sports in Arizona and persistently generate awareness for adaptive sports.
"We serve all ages and all abilities," said Gram. "We work to perfect our programs and offer the very best opportunities for our participants because they are the most important reason why we are here."


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The HTC Merge is one of the most mysterious devices out there; there were rumors swirling late last year about a Verizon release and we actually got our hands on a unit. However, there has been nothing said by HTC or Verizon about the Merge, so we're beginning to give up hope of seeing this device on Big Red. We are confident though, that it will land somewhere and that it's not just killed completely, so stay tuned.
Top HTC Merge Stories
Recent HTC Merge Forum Threads
- Can I get some help unlocking my US Cellular Samsung Galaxy S5 to work on different carriers?
- Parachuting Android Live wallpaper.
- Blackberry to Android - Wait for Merge?
- Hello :) need help with the htc merge, stuck on opening screen
- Frozen Screen
- problem with switching on ma merge
- Rooting htc Merge
- Problem sending/receiving picture messages?
- Problem with videos from Merge to PC?
- Any way to remove sense?
- See All Threads
HTC Merge Accessories
Now that you've got an HTC Merge, it's time to accessorize. There are plenty of ways you can enhance your device, be it with cases for protection, an extra battery for extended life, chargers to keep you juiced, and on and on. Check out our HTC Merge Accessories Guide.


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Folding a piece of paper in half might be easy, but what about into thirds, fifths, or thirteenths? Here is a simple and exact way for fold any fraction, all thanks to the maths of triangles.
Why the humble average can be grossly misleading.
How to approximate the English language using maths.
Take a trip into the never-ending.
Can a mathematical model of zombies' movements allow the human race to survive impending doom?
Observers are, of course, vital in physics: we test our theories by comparing them to our observations. But in cosmology, as Jim Hartle explains, we could be one of many possible observers in the Universe and knowing which one we are is vital in testing our theories.
Play with our applets to explore the conic sections and their different definitions.
To celebrate the release of more English translations of Einstein's papers, we revisit one of his previously unknown models of the Universe.


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A dozen traps are slung over his shoulder as a schoolboy sets forth across frozen Hoosier soil. A picture of wealth flashes through his mind's eye. Tales of Jack London, Jim Bridger, of wilderness and mountain men are recalled. A stream, river, pond, or marsh is his destination. Muskrats are his quarry.
Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) resemble large field mice with none of the offensive traits or habits of the common rat. They weigh about three pounds, have bead like eyes, and their ears nearly concealed in dense fur. The hind feet are quite large, and while not webbed, have stiff hair between the toes, which aid in swimming. The tail flattened on the sides and serves as a rudder. Most muskrats have long, dark, reddish-brown fur on the upper parts of the body and short, silver-tipped fur underneath. Guard hairs are long and durable while the underfur is fine, soft and waterproof. This mammal is well equipped for its aquatic habitat but is awkward and at a disadvantage on land.
Muskrats occur throughout Indiana but are most numerous in areas of abundant shallow water. The northeastern section of the state produces a substantial proportion of these rodents each year. The construction of private ponds for livestock watering or recreation across Indiana has been important in offsetting the losses of muskrat habitat due to wetland drainage and stream channelization.
Muskrats living long streams prefer to place nest chambers above the water level in burrows entered from the water, In marshes and lakes, they use cattails and other aquatic plants to construct houses resembling small haystacks.
Courtship is conducted by the female as she swims about singing her love song resembling the squeak of a mouse. Two or three litters may be produced each year, but most muskrats in Indiana are born in May and June, 28 to 30 days after mating. Litters averaging about six in size are born in a shredded cattail or grass nest. The male assists in preparing the chamber, but does not enter the house or burrow after the young are born. Kits are naked, blind, and helpless at birth, but are weaned at 4 weeks of age. At this time, they can swim but do not dive well. If the mother is to have another litter soon, they are driven from the house or burrow, but the last litter of the season often spends the winter with its parents. Muskrats are quite tolerant of each other, and except during the breeding season, several may live together.
Many muskrats spend their entire lives within a few hundred yards of their birthplace, but in autumn and spring, some are forced to migrate to less-crowded areas and may wonder several miles to establish new homes.
Muskrats are vegetarians, but if unable to secure plant foods, they will feed on carcasses of fish, frogs, and other muskrats. Nearly all plants growing in and near their water areas are eaten, but cattails are the backbone of their diet.
Food is not stored for winter use, so they must dig roots and tubers from beneath the ice, returning to their house and burrow to feed. If food sources are too far from the house, a feeding shelter called a "push-up" is built on the ice. A similar feeding platform - a raft consisting of discarded plant food - is constructed for summer use.
A dense winter population feeding on roots and bulbs in a marsh or small lake may consume nearly all the roots. Upper parts decay the following spring, turning the water and soil sour so that few plants will grow in that area. This is called an eat-out, and if little water moves through it, this portion of the marsh may be unproductive for several years.
Muskrats are less trap-shy than most other furbearers. Baited or blind sets are effective capture methods. Traps need not be concealed, but drowning set should always be used. Small killer traps, such as the Conibear, placed at lodge entrances, bank dens or along runways are extremely effective and result in a substantial number of pelts. For current harvest results, contact the Division of Fish and Wildlife, 607 State Office Building, Indianapolis, IN 46204.
Mortality factors are necessary to limit muskrats to the level that an area will properly support. Trapping is one of these factors. Predators, disease, and adverse weather singly may have little effect, but a combination of all three may be disastrous. Mink, raccoon, dog and fox normally take a few muskrats, but low water levels or starvation can expose these animals to heavy predation. Loss of water habitat from drainage projects is the primary cause of declining muskrat populations. Numerous diseases and parasites kill or weaken muskrats but assume importance only when living conditions are substandard. This usually occurs when populations rise beyond the ability of the area to support surplus individuals. Thus, the number surviving is adjusted to existing food supplies and living space.
Resident landowners and tenants can trap or shoot a muskrat that is causing damage on their own property. The muskrat must be euthanized or released within the county of capture on property in which you have permission. In order to prevent the spread of disease, the DNR encourages homeowners to safely and humanely euthanize the muskrats, if possible. If you do not want to trap the muskrat yourself, contact a licensed nuisance wild animal control operator.
Muskrats can sometimes be prevented from digging in a pond dam or bank by rip-rapping. Drawing the pond down at least 2 feet below normal water levels during the winter can also encourage them to leave. Once it is drawn-down, you can trap or shoot (where legal) the muskrat, then fill the dens, burrows and runs and rip-rap the dam with stone.
Make a concentrated effort to reduce the breeding population of muskrats during the winter months through either trapping or shooting (where legal).


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Category: Finding Deductions
What are Estimated Taxes?
Estimated tax is the method used to pay tax on income that is not subject to withholding. This includes income from self-employment, interest, dividends, alimony, rent, gains from the sale of assets, prizes and awards. You also may have to pay estimated tax if the amount of income tax being withheld from your salary, pension, or other income is not enough.
Estimated tax is used to pay both income tax and self-employment tax, as well as other taxes and amounts reported on your tax return. If you do not pay enough through withholding or estimated tax payments, you may be charged a penalty. If you do not pay enough by the due date of each payment period you may be charged a penalty even if you are due a refund when you file your tax return.
For more information on the rules for Estimated Taxes, click here.
If you would like to print out 2017 Estimated Payment Vouchers, you can do so using TaxSlayer. Please log into your TaxSlayer account and select Federal Section > Payments and Estimates > Vouchers for Next Year's Estimated Payments.


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Marilyn Madden
MADDEN, Marilyn I., 76, of Onaway, died Friday, March 1, 2013, at her home. She is survived by a son; Daniel (Janet) of White Lake; three daughters, Cindy (Mark) Albertson, Attica, Diana (John) Treantos, Arvada, CO, Susan (Lee) Amyotte, Onaway; 6 grandchildren; a sister, Darlynn (Dan) Moran of Onaway; sister-in-law, Marlene Morgan of Boyne City, and brother-in-law Jerry (Marie) of Davidson. Visitation is Monday, March 4, from 4-7 p.m. at the Chagnon Funeral Home in Onaway. Burial will be at North Allis Township Cemetery, Onaway. Arrangements were made through Chagnon Funeral Home.


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Does the idea of going somewhere new, doing something different and meeting people from everywhere you can imagine sound like fun? If so, a Girl Scout destination will allow you to do just that! And now GSSA is offering you the chance to receive a scholarship to help make your travel dreams a reality.
We will award scholarships to two Girl Scouts to attend GSUSA Destinations in 2010. Thanks to the Barbara Gilewicz Travel Scholarship Fund and private donors, we are able to offer one $1,000 and one $500 scholarship to deserving Girl Scouts. Applicants must be 14-18 years old and registered for the 2009-2010 membership year. Visit the Girl Scout destinations Web page www.studio2B.org/destinations for trip descriptions, current offerings and applications.
A volunteer committee will award scholarships based on a girl's desire and suitability as determined by her application package. Completed applications, references, and essays must be submitted to Mary Anne Brutkiewicz in the Mobile Service Center by November 9, 2009, for consideration. Those awarded will be notified within 10 days. Assignment of scholarships is contingent upon receipt of sufficient quality applications and acceptance to the destination.


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About us
As part of the Morgan Sindall Group, Morgan Sindall Investments Limited provides investment, funding, asset management, capital transaction advice and project management on projects throughout the UK.
Sustainability is a focus for our group. At Morgan Sindall Investments we work with our sister companies to ensure the group's sustainability focus is part of the solution that we offer.


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An increase in demand could potentially result in delivery disturbances due to suppliers' financial instability or shortage of resources.
Uncertainty regarding customers' access to the financing of products in emerging markets might have a negative impact on demand.
The Volvo Group verifies annually, or more frequently if necessary, the goodwill value and other intangible assets for possible impairment. The size of the overvalue differs between the business areas and they are, to a varying degree, sensitive to changes in the business environment. Instability in the business recovery and volatility in interest and currency rates may lead to indications of impairment.
For further information on intangible assets, see note 12.
The reported amounts for contingent liabilities reflect a part of the Volvo Group's risk exposure, see note 24 for contingent liabilities.
Some of AB Volvo's long term loan agreements contain conditions stipulating the right for a bondholder to request repayment in advance under certain conditions following a change of the control of the company. In AB Volvo's opinion it has been necessary to accept those conditions in order to receive financing on otherwise acceptable terms. Provisions stipulating that an agreement can be changed or terminated if the control of the company is changed are also included in some of the agreements whereby Renault Trucks' has been given the right to sell Renault s.a.s.' and Nissan Motor Co. Ltd's light-duty trucks as well as in some of the Group's purchasing agreements


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Topic: File.new issues
I am trying to save a file to my file system, and I am trying to use something very simple just to test it out:
string = 'My String'
file = File.new('test.txt')
only it doesn't work. Instead, I am told that no such file or directory exists, which of course, I knew that already. That's why I made the call to File.new. Any suggestions?
Last edited by dsullivan (2011-02-11 15:35:32)


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- Huntington Brass Huntington Brass - Wyba12ph- Wyndamere, Paper Holder(No Cover), Satin Nickel
Huntington Brass - Wyba12ph- Wyndamere, Paper Holder(No Cover), Satin Nickel
From Traditional To Contemporary, From Tim
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Product DescriptionA 100% waterproof case for your electronics. Operates phones, GPS's, cameras, PDAs, and VHF radios through the case. Seals out water, sand, and dust with a simple twist of the knobs. All cases float. Guaranteed submersible. Lanyard and spring hook. 5" x 8".


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Masters Rankings
Ranking and reputation
Choosing the right Masters programme might become the challenge of your life, so you should pay a great attention to every detail when making this decision about your future. One of the easiest ways to get a good orientation is by using the help of the Masters' rankings. Different sources of rankings offer different opinions, and these rankings should be taken as an additional factor when considering a programme. Be aware that rankings never represent all factors about schools and that some of these factors may be crucial to your choice. At the same time, considered as supplementary information, rankings may give you some interesting insights.


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As it nears halfway point, cinema-saving campaign needs a boost
No matter how rural the North Country is, people should be able to see new movies on the big screen up here. Therefore we strongly support the Go Digital or Go Dark fundraising effort to help the region's vintage, family-owned movie houses convert to digital projection.
The six-month campaign is almost halfway over, and judging only from its website, things don't look good. Fortunately, there are other sources of revenue, but first, here are the online fundraising numbers for each of the participating cinemas, as of Friday afternoon on www.adirondack.org/GoDigital:
Of the 10 originally participating theaters, two – the Indian Lake Theater and the Glen Drive-In of Queensbury – have successfully converted through their own efforts. Meanwhile, the Ogdensburg Cinema is reportedly tied up in local politics and was taken off the list this week. Its future is unclear.
The Lake Placid and Tupper Lake theaters have purchased digital projectors for one screen each, according to the Adirondack North Country Association, which, along with the Adirondack Film Society, is leading the campaign. The State, meanwhile, got in on a Tupper Lake microenterprise grant, and ANCA said it has more aid in the works.
That's good news, but time is tight. At the end of this year, the movie industry will no longer print movies on film.
In recognition of the time crunch, the North Country Regional Economic Development Council last month shuffled its state funding around to free up $400,000 for loans to help these theaters make the switch. We thank the NCREDC leaders for this timely aid.
Nevertheless, it's not enough for the whole project. These loans will help convert between four and eight screens. The Palace alone has four.
Plus, if cinema owners borrow from this pool of public funds, they will still have to pay the taxpayers back. How?
These family-owned cinemas will spend much of their own money to convert, but they have made it clear they can't afford the full $80,000 (on average) per screen that movie distribution companies will soon require.
One thing many people ask is, "Why don't they just pay for it by raising their prices?" We all love paying just $6 or $7 for a movie, but to be honest, we'd pay $2 more. Almost everyone else in the country pays $10 to $15.
The answer we've heard is, if they did that, almost all that money would go to the movie distributors rather than the theater. The companies run the show in many ways.
If the theaters don't go digital, they will no longer be able to show first-run feature movies as of January. They'd either have to shut down or switch to art-house and second-run movies, which they could do with much cheaper Blu-Ray systems like at the Lake Placid Center for the Arts. (The first-run distributors require only the more expensive systems.) The market for indie and repertory films is smaller, but certain communities could scrape by with it, especially when summer residents are here.
A place like Lake Placid, however, needs first-run movies, at least in two or three of the Palace's screens. There's a strong demand for that among thousands of tourists as well as residents throughout the region, who otherwise would have to drive an hour or more to see new movies. And without the State Theater, the town of Tupper Lake's 6,100 year-round residents would have to drive an hour-and-a-half to see a new movie. That's too far.
Therefore, the Go Digital or Go Dark campaign needs more people to donate, and also to jump in and help row the fundraising ship. Specifically, it needs volunteers with contacts and time to devote to some serious campaigning.
Now's the time, too, while summer residents are here in the Adirondacks.
That brings us to our big idea: an adopt-a-theater program among movie people. It might be too late to get this going, but for what it's worth, we'll lay it out anyway.
The Enterprise and some other North Country media have helped to get the word out up here, but it seems few people outside the region know about these cinemas' endangerment. We think that if people in the movie industry read in the national press, or in Variety and the Hollywood Reporter, that several of their quaintest venues are on the verge of going under, they'd want to help save them.
Unlike the multiplexes, the family-owned theaters up here are little changed from the golden age of Hollywood. Most North Americans see movies in nondescript concrete boxes, but we see them in Art Deco temples to one of our nation's most pervasive and distinctive art forms.
Actors, producers, directors, etc., have a vested career interest in this and the money to do something about it. If an entire region's worth of people – especially a popular visiting spot of the rich and famous – can't see the latest Steven Speilberg or Sandra Bullock movie, for instance, that hurts them.
Some of these folks have ties here, too. Sigourney Weaver, Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick are among the repeat visitors. Martin Scorcese and Steve Buscemi are among the many who've been featured at the Lake Placid Film Forum.
If an adopt-a-theater drive was presented in such a way to guarantee the generous patron some glowing publicity and lasting recognition in that theater's community – a plaque or a renaming, for instance – we're sure some of them would go for it. Moviemaking labor unions might as well.
To keep even half of our cinemas in business under their current model would not be easy, but if the campaign gets a big boost now, it can be done. Otherwise, although we'll welcome any silver linings, much will be lost.
(Correction: We have deleted a sentence in which ANCA reported, incorrectly, that the Palace Theatre is halfway to its fundraising goal. Palace co-owner Barbara Clark reports that it still needs $180,000 out of its total goal of $280,000. The $100,000 raised so far includes a $70,000 investment by the theater itself.)


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What else to serve with cheese?
- Nuts like almonds help bring out the flavour and aroma of cheese. Toasted hazelnuts and walnuts work with cheese, and pecans go well with sweet cheeses.
- Olives compliment sheep and goats milk cheese. Experiment with dried fruits like raisins, figs, dates and berries.
- Chutneys work perfectly with cheddar and hard cheese, as does chevre and is simply delicious.
- Fruit pastes work well with any type of cheese, and are perfect for semi-hard sheeps cheeses
Apples with cheddar and pears with stilton are always a winner. Serve thin slices of prosciutto, ham and sweet or spicy salamis, especially with aged cheese like manchego or pecorino.
- If you choose to serve crackers, pick unsalted or lightly salted ones. Bread is a must, you can never go wrong with a baguette. Crusty sourdough with creamy soft ripened cheeses, and grain packed breads for cheddars and hard cheese.


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Saturday, November 17, 2007
What's all this E8 stuff about then? Part 1.
Discrete symmetry groups.
Consider a perfect cube. If you turn it upside-down it still looks just like a cube in exactly the same configuration. Rotate it through 90 degrees about any axis going through the centre of a face and it looks the same. Rotate it through 120 degrees around a diagonal axis and it also looks the same. In fact there are 24 different rotations, including simply doing nothing, that you can perform on a cube, that leave it looking how you started. (Exercise: show it's 24.)
These 24 operations form the symmetries of the cube. Note how you can take any pair of symmetries and combine them to make another symmetry simply by applying one and then another. For example, if A represents rotation by 90° about the x-axis and B represents a rotation by 180° about the same axis then we can use shorthand to write AB to mean a rotation by 270°. The convention is that we read from right to left and so AB means "do B first, then A". If we define C=AB think about what AC means. It's a 270°+90° rotation, ie. a 360° rotation which does nothing. The convention is to call that 1. So C is the opposite or inverse of A because AC=CA=1. When you have a bunch of operations that you can combine like this, and every operation has an inverse, then the operations form what mathematicians call a group. The 24 symmetries of the cube form a group of size 24. Although you can think of a group as a bunch of operations on something, you can also think of a group as a thing in its own right, independent of the thing it acts on. For example, we can write down some rules about A, B and C above. AC=CA=1, C=AB, AAB=1, BB=1, C1=1C=C and so on. In principle we can give a single letter name name to each of the 24 symmetries and write out a complete set of rules about how to combine them. At that point we don't need the cube any more, we can just consider our 24 letters, with their rules, to be an object of interest in its own right.
We can think of the group as acting on the cube, but if we specified some suitable rules, we can make this group act on other things too. For example, we can use the coordinates (x,y,z) to specifiy any point in space. We used B to mean a 180 degree rotation around the x-axis. If we apply that rotation to any point in space (x,y,z) it gets mapped to (x,-y,-z). Similary A maps the point (x,y,z) to (x,z,-y). So the the 24 element cube group also acts on 3D space. This is an example of a group representation, and I'll get onto that later.
(So far I've been talking about rotations we can perform on the cube. But imagine you could also reflect the cube - as if looking at the cube in a mirror and then pulling the reflection back out into the real world. You can't do this with a real cube but you could with an imaginary one. How many symmetries do you think you get now?)
SO(3) and Lie groups
With the cube example above, all of our rotations had to be multiples of certain angles like 90° and 120°. Any kind of rotation through an angle like 37° leaves the cube in a weird orientation that doesn't look like the original. So the symmetries of the cube form a discrete group because there's only a discrete set of possibilities. But there are also continuous groups where you can smoothly slide from one symmetry to another and everything in-between is also a symmetry. For example consider a perfect 3D sphere at the origin. You can rotate it through any angle and it still looks like the same sphere. Any rotation about the origin is a symmetry of the sphere, and given two symmetries you can slide from one to the other. At every stage, the sphere will still look like the original sphere. Like in the discrete case, this set of symmetries forms a group, because you can combine and invert operations. But there are now infinitely many operations. We can rotate around any axis by any angle we choose and it's still a sphere. But even though there is an infinity of such rotations, it's still manageable. In fact, any rotation can be described by three parameters, for example the three that aeronautical engineers might use called pitch, roll and yaw. Mathematicians call the group of 3D rotations SO(3). That 3 refers to the fact that we're talking about rotations of 3-dimensional space. But because it takes three parameters to describe a rotation, SO(3) is itself 3-dimensional. This double appearance of the number 3 is a 'coincidence', as we'll see in the next section.
There's one more thing I need to add about continuous groups. Some are also differentiable. You don't need to worry in too much detail about what this means but it ultimately says that we can do calculus with these groups. For example, we can ask questions not only about the orientation of a sphere, but also about the rate of change of its orientation. So SO(3) is a differentiable group. The usual name for these is Lie groups, after the mathematician Sophus Lie.
Subgroups and SO(2)
SO(3) is the group of 3D rotations. But all of the 24 symmetries of the cube we considered are also rotations. So the cube is actually a subset of SO(3). And as it's a subset of a group that's also a group, we call it a subgroup.
Now consider the set of all rotations we could perform on a 2D space. These also form a group. In fact, given an element of this group we can apply it to some text to rotate it in 2D. As above, use 1 to mean "no rotation", use A to mean "rotate 45° anticlockwise" and B to mean "rotate 45° clockwise". We can illustrate how these act on Hello:
If you've ever playing with a drawing package, like the one I just used, this will all be very familiar. And it should also be obvious that 1=11111=AB=BA=AAAAAAAA=BBBBBBBB. (Note how I'm only talking about the orientation of the word. If we were taking into account the position of the word on the page it'd be more complex. But there would still be a group describing it.)
Although the screen the text Hello is on is flat and two-dimensional, it can be considered to be embedded in the 3D space around it. And all of the 2D rotations can be considered to be 3D rotations also, just 3D rotations that happen to be oriented along the axis pointing straight into the screen.
So 2D rotations can be considered to be particular 3D rotations and and SO(2) is a subgroup of SO(3).
Note that 2D rotations can be described by just a single number, the rotation angle. So SO(2) is 1-dimensional, even though it's defined through its effect on a 2D space. The two threes that appear in connection with SO(3) above really are a coincidence. In 4-dimensions we have SO(4) which is actually a 6-dimensional group. In 4D you need 6 numbers like pitch, roll and yaw to define your orientation. But I'm not asking you to try to visualise that now.
Rates of change and Lie algebras.
Imagine a sphere tumbling around. At any moment its orientation in space can be described by an element of SO(3). So we might naturally be led to ask the question "what is its rate of change of orientation?". What would such an answer look like?
Let's review basic calculus first. Consider position instead of orientation. Suppose a vehicle is driving along a road. At time t it's at distance A and at time t+1s it's at distance B. Then its average velocity over the 1s is (B-A)/1s. But that's an average over a period. What's its velocity exactly at time t? We could compute its distance, say C, at time t+0.0001s, and compute (C-A)/0.0001s. But that's still an average over a short period of time.The tool for telling us about instantaneous rates of change is calculus, and here it tells us that if the motion is continuous we can take a limit. So if at time t+d, its position is given by D, then the velocity is the limit, as d tends to zero, of (D-A)/d.
Back to the tumbling sphere. We could say "at time t it has orientation A and time t+1s it has orientation B". But as with velocity, that tells you what happened between t and t+1s, not what it was doing at any instant. We haven't said what the rate of change is precisely at time t. Imagine we take some kind of limit of the above statement as we consider the change from time t to time t+d where d becomes arbitrarily small. One thing we can say is that if the motion is continuous then the start and finish orientations, say A and D, will become arbitrarily close. The difference between them will be an infnitesimally small rotation. You can describe an infinitesimally small rotation by an infinitesimally small vector: let the direction of the vector be the axis of rotation and its length be the angle of rotation. Suppose this vector is V. Then the rate of change of orientation is V/d. This is commonly known as angular velocity and it's a vector. Note that it's not an infinitesimally small vector because the small V and small d will usually cancel to give a nice finite size angular velocity, just as the ordinary velocity calculation above gives a finite answer. In fact, we can easily interpret the angular velocity vector. Its direction is the axis of rotation and its length is the rate of change of angle around that axis (in degrees per second for example).
At this point you might say "why not represent any angle by a vector, not just an infinitesimal one". For example, you might think v=(180°,0,0) could be used to mean a rotation through 180° around the x-axis. You can do that if you like, but this doesn't resepct the additive properties of vectors. For example, it'd be useful if v+v=(360°,0,0) then represented "no rotation" because a 360° rotation is no rotation at all. But "no rotation" should be represented by (0,0,0). So this isn't a very convenient way to talk about rotations. But rates of change of orientation are different. If we define w=(180°/s,0,0) then w represents rotation around the x-axis at one revolution every two seconds. w+w=(360°/s,0,0) is also a perfectly good angular velocity, one that's twice as fast. Unlike angles, angular velocities don't wrap around when you get to 360°. You can crank angular velocities up as high as you like. So vectors are a good way to represent rates of change of orientation, even if they're not good at representing orientations.
Let's do this in 2D. It's much easier. All rotations are in the plane and so we don't need to specify an axis. We just need to specify a single number to define an orientation, and a rate of change of orientation is just given by a single number also. That one number can be thought of as a 1-dimensional vector.
So what kind of thing is this rate of change object? In each case it can be thought of as a vector (in the case of SO(2) it's a 1-dimensional vector), but it's not an element of the group because an angular velocity is not the same thing as an orientation. Mathematically it's called an element of a Lie algebra. The Lie algebra of a Lie group is the set of vectors that describe rates of change of elements of the group. I mentioned above that SO(4) is 6-dimensional. This means that the Lie algebra is made of 6-dimensional vectors. You can think of the 6 components of these vectors as describing how the 6 generalised pitch, roll and yaw parameters vary over time.
There's a convention that we use lower case names for Lie algebras. So the Lie algebra of SO(3) is called so(3). That makes a sort of intuitive sense, so(3) describes really small rotations and SO(3) describes full-sized ones.
Closing words
That brings me close to the end of Part 1. But I can now say one very important thing. There are a number of things that mathematicians call E8, but one of them is a Lie algebra. And that's the thing that Garrett Lisi is talking about.
PS I welcome feedback from anyone. I want to make this as understandable to as many people as possible.
33 comments:
Great intro. Do the members of the Lie algebra also form a group? I'm just thinking about the SO(2) example here, but it seems to me that the members of the Lie algebra are just like the members of the Lie group, except we no longer do our addition modulo 360 degrees.
- Saturday, 17 November, 2007
- sigfpe said...
The members of a Lie algebra form a group in a trivial way. You can add and subtract the elements as they form vectors in a vector space. But this what is called a commutative or abelian group where x+y is the same as y+x. Consider "full-size" rotations". For example let A by a 90 degree rotation about x and B a 90 degree rotation about y. With your hand you can easily show that AB is not the same as BA. So infinitesimal rotations "commute" with each other and full size ones don't. However, there's a vestige of this non-commutativity still left in the Lie algebra. There's another operation you can perform on the elements of the Lie algebra that I haven't mentioned: the "Lie bracket" operation. I probably won't get around to talking about this though. But very roughly, it measures the amount by which Lie algebra elements fail to commute as you start growing them to be full-sized. This is all very vague but I hope it gives some intuition.
There's lots more here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_algebra
- Saturday, 17 November, 2007
- Marcel said...
Please continue this good work.
On the other hand, I am very curious if there is any mathematical relation between SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) and E8.
- Saturday, 17 November, 2007
- Bill Mill said...
Thanks for this. It was exactly at the right level for this almost-but-not-quite-math-major who took and liked Abstract, but doesn't remember much of it.
Challenging, but not so that I gave up.
- Saturday, 17 November, 2007
typo at the end of the third paragraph of "Rates of change and Lie algebras" section:
Its length is the direction of rotation and its length is the rate of change of angle around that axis (in degrees per second for example).
- Saturday, 17 November, 2007
- Pseudonym said...
This is commonly known as angular velocity and it's a vector.
Hey, no outright lies! It's a bivector, and you know it!
Seriously, it's a great article.
- Saturday, 17 November, 2007
- logopetria said...
A couple of nitpicking points:
"Imagine a sphere tumbling around. At any moment its orientation in space can be described by an element of SO(3)."
That's true only after we've picked a 'standard' orientation. Then the orientation of the sphere at a particular moment is given by some SO(3) rotation from the fixed 'standard' one. But without that fixed reference, there's no natural correspondence between orientations and SO(3) elements.
"So what kind of thing is this rate of change object? [...] Mathematically it's called a Lie algebra."
Don't you mean "an element of a Lie algebra"?
- Sunday, 18 November, 2007
Fantastically clear! Well done :)
- Sunday, 18 November, 2007
I'm really curious where all this is leading to, as I haven't heard about this E8 buzz before.
The cube rotations are not a dihedral group.
The third paragraph of the section "Rates of change and Lie algebras" ends with a sentence with a typo: "Its length is ... and its length is ..."
- Sunday, 18 November, 2007
- sigfpe said...
Thanks for the corrections, most of which I've applied.
Pseudonym, the bivector thing is one of my favourite nitpicks, but today I'm using the word 'vector' to mean 'an element of a vector space', so it doesn't apply. The word vector is a little overloaded isn't it.
- Sunday, 18 November, 2007
Thanks for writing this I am thoroughly enjoying it.
"If we apply that rotation to any point in space (x,y,z) it gets mapped to (x,-y,-z). Similary A maps the point (x,y,z) to (x,z,-y)."
Should it be (x,-y,z) at the end?
- Sunday, 18 November, 2007
- Gregory Brown said...
Thanks for a beautifully clear article. I'm looking forward to the next parts.
- Sunday, 18 November, 2007
This has been posted at http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=1510223#post1510223 Layman's explanation wanted.
I can see that you are doing a much better job than what I was attempting.
Time for the pros to take over.
- Monday, 19 November, 2007
- Mark Dominus said...
You didn't correct the thing about the cube group being the dihedral group of order 24. It isn't. It's the symmetric group of order 24.
To see this, consider the action of the group on the four diagonals of the cube. Any of the 24 possible permutations of the diagonals can be effected by a single rotation of the cube. Thus the group is S4.
- Monday, 19 November, 2007
- Paul R. Potts said...
Thank you for putting the time in to write this explanation! I have read a little bit of group theory and played around with a book/software package called "Exploring Abstract Algebra with Mathematica," but did not get that far. Anyway, I am referring my friends to your blog for a basic introduction to E8. Most of them will probably get through the first few paragraphs and kind of fade out, but that's OK... it's better than no understanding!
- Monday, 19 November, 2007
- sigfpe said...
Is your browser acting up? I'm pretty sure I removed all occurrences of the word 'dihedral' as soon as you pointed out my error. I decided not to give this group any name (other than cube group) because I don't really want to spend much time on finite groups. But thanks for pointing the issue.
- Monday, 19 November, 2007
- sigfpe said...
So far I've only said roughly what a Lie group and Lie algebra are, and that E8 is an example of these things. But there are infinitely many Lie groups and Lie algebras. In part II, besides talking more about Lie groups, I hope to zoom in a bit and single out E8 from all of the others and say something about what makes it special. In part III I'll then try to show why group theory is so important to physics and how properties of Lie groups can be (or might be) interpreted as properties of the real world.
- Monday, 19 November, 2007
- Garrett said...
William, this is great! Nice job.
- Monday, 19 November, 2007
- sigfpe said...
William? Who's William?
- Monday, 19 November, 2007
We used B to mean a 180 degree rotation around the x-axis. If we apply that rotation to any point in space (x,y,z) it gets mapped to (x,-y,-z). Similary A maps the point (x,y,z) to (x,z,-y).
I don't understand. Wouldn't 180 degrees (B) be (x,y,-z) or (x,y,+z), and wouldn't 90 degrees (A) be (x,-y,-z) or (x,+y,+z) or (x,-y,+z) or (x,+y,-z)?
- Monday, 19 November, 2007
- David said...
So the cube is actually a subset of SO(3).
A bit unclear: you should probably say "the symmetry group of the cube" or something similar. The cube itself isn't a subset of SO(3)!
But generally a really nice article. Look forward to Part 2.
- Tuesday, 20 November, 2007
- alpheccar said...
Since this post is still a lot about groups, I think I can advise to your readers this cool freeware : GroupExplorer
Unfortunately, I don't know any good software to help you draw your ADE diagrams for your next post :-)
- Tuesday, 20 November, 2007
- Doug said...
Hi sigfpe,
This is an impressive post.
Is there any way to do this relatively easily in 3D rather than in 2D?
For example, some engineers appear to use 3D helical functions rather than 2D elliptical functions.
- Tuesday, 20 November, 2007
- Garrett said...
Oops, sorry Dan. I thought you were someone else. I'll blame it on my inbox trying to kill me.
When's part 2 coming out?
- Tuesday, 20 November, 2007
- sigfpe said...
The next part comes out when I manage to come up with some kind of informal layman's description of what the weights of a representation are. I have some ideas. Probably Friday as I'll have the day off.
- Tuesday, 20 November, 2007
- Kenn Knowles said...
Great post. Thoroughly understandable and fun. Seems this is a typo: "Its length is the direction of rotation and its length is the rate of change of angle around that axis"
- Tuesday, 20 November, 2007
Great job: my niece is going to use it, here in Italy, for a small work at school.
Looking forward for the second part.
- Friday, 23 November, 2007
- Tac-Tics said...
I went back through some of your archives, so forgive the untimeliness of this post. Hopefully that won't be too hard, since most of the mathematics was timely a century ago ;-)
First, this article is great. It explains in comparably lay terms about groups and symmetry. (I always wondered what a Lie group was before this post, and now I at least have an idea of what flavor they are).
My only confusion came about at the very end, where you began to talk about differentiability. (Calculus was always my weakness!) Correct me if I'm wrong, but when we talk about a group G being lie, we're really saying that a function f:R->G is differentiable (in some manner or another)?
Also, took me a second to grok the idea at the beginning of when two transformations are different. In some hypothetical future revision of this blog post, it might make it a little easier to explain that the equivalence between transformations is the same as equivalence of functions: that f = g iff for all points p, p transformed under f is the same as p transformed under g.
- Monday, 21 April, 2008
- jeremyclarkuk said...
Dear Sigfpe,
As a non-mathematician it's pretty obvious to me that if you can use an angle to describe a 2D rotation - then you can use two angles to describe a 3D rotation - so I'm not sure your explanation leading to 6 numbers needed to describe 4 dimensions is very convincing.
Otherwise many thanks for the article.
- Thursday, 03 July, 2008
- jeremyclarkuk said...
Dear Sigfpe,
Many thanks for a great article. However to a non-mathematician it's pretty obvious that if you can define a 2D rotation using an angle, then you can define a 3D rotation using two angles. So your explanation leading to 6 numbers for 4 dimensional space is not very convincing. Have I missed something ?
- Thursday, 03 July, 2008
- jeremyclarkuk said...
Dear Sigfpe,
As a non-mathematician it's pretty obvious to me that if you can use an angle to describe a 2D rotation - then you can use two angles to describe a 3D rotation - so I'm not sure your explanation leading to 6 numbers needed to describe 4 dimensions is very convincing.
Otherwise many thanks for the article.
- Thursday, 03 July, 2008
- jeremyclarkuk said...
Dear Sigfpe,
As a non-mathematician it's pretty obvious to me that if you can use an angle to describe a 2D rotation - then you can use two angles to describe a 3D rotation - so I'm not sure your explanation leading to 6 numbers needed to describe 4 dimensions is very convincing.
Otherwise many thanks for the article.
- Thursday, 03 July, 2008
- sigfpe said...
2 angles certainly won't do for 3D rotations even if it might seem obvious to you. You can read about it (with animations) here.
In n dimensions you need n(n-1)/2 angles.
- Friday, 04 July, 2008
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The REGREEN Implementation Workshop is an instructor-led practicum on maximizing energy and water conservation, sourcing non-toxic materials that contribute to healthy indoor air quality, and integrating strategies to get everyone on board. The full-day workshop is comprised of faculty lecture, small group charrettes, and peer-group interaction.
The 300-level workshop offers 8 health/safety/welfare CEUs (IDCEC), which are also applicable to LEED credential maintenance (although not LEED-specific).
The REGREEN Implementation Workshop is taught by Annette K. Stelmack, Allied ASID, LEED AP BD+C, Sustainable Design Consultant at Inspirit-llc and co-author of Sustainable Residential Interiors.
Continental breakfast, lunch, and snacks are included.
The workshop is open to interior designers, architects, builders, contractors, realtors, and even homeowners looking to renovate in an environmentally-friendly way. ASID membership is not required to participate.
There is one prerequisite for the workshop:
REGREEN: A Guide for REGREEN Remodeling Projects
Format: Self-paced, online course available 24/7
Time: approximately 2 hours
Cost: $59.99 ($39.99 ASID members)
BASIC / 100 Level
Enroll at http://regreenprogram.org/learning-programs/curriculum
The workshop is the capstone course in the REGREEN Trained™ certificate program. See http://regreenprogram.org/learning-programs/certificate for more information.
For hotel recommendations, directions to the convention center, or questions about registration, contact Hannah Flauaus (email@example.com) or Dwell staff.
For questions on the REGREEN® program or the REGREEN Implementation Workshop, contact Lori Tugman (firstname.lastname@example.com or 202-675-4440).


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Barneys Adds Disney Twinkle to Its Holiday Windows Display
It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas at Barneys. The famed New York City department store unveiled its much-anticipated holiday windows display last night at its flagship Madison Avenue location, this year with a Disney twist. Barneys teamed up with the animators at Disney to create an animated short called "Electric Holiday" featuring Disney characters and some of the biggest names in fashion. Click through to see the best moments from the windows' unveiling.
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Minnesota Gov. Mark Dayton 'Doing Great' After Fainting During Speech, Son Says
The governor of Minnesota, Mark Dayton, collapsed while giving the State of the State speech there Monday night, but state officials said he "quickly recovered."Dayton had been speaking for about 45 minutes at the state capital when the incident occurred.Further details were not immediatelyGood Morning America
President Trump Signs 3 Presidential Memoranda, Pulls US From TPP
President Donald Trump signed three presidential memoranda this morning, taking immediate action on at least one main campaign promise. One presidential memorandum called for the U.S.'s withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, fulfilling a promise made on the campaign trail in a move he saysGood Morning America
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Keshia Knight Pulliam's daughter has arrived. The former "Cosby Show" actress gave birth to a daughter, Ella Grace, she wrote on Instagram. "Ella Grace has arrived!!!" she wrote, alongside a photo of the baby's feet.Good Morning America
Stephen Colbert to Host the 2017 Emmy Awards
They don't even take place until September, but the 2017 Primetime Emmy Awards have a host -- Stephen Colbert. It'll be Colbert's first time hosting the telecast, which will air live from Los Angeles on Sunday, Sept. 17, on CBS.Good Morning America
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Former President George HW Bush Moved Out of ICU; Barbara Bush Sent Home
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2-Year-Old Believed Missing After Devastating Tornadoes in South
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Lily Collins Struggled With Eating Disorders as a Teen
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Boxwood Garland, Giclee Print, 5"x7"
Beatrice felt very strongly that one must wear a wig from time to time or one would be boring.
This is a print of an oil painting. The image is printed approximately 5x7 but comes on an 8x10 sheet with a white border for framing. It is printed on cotton paper with archival quality giclee inks.
Let Them Eat Cake was a collaboration in Fall 2010 between Paul and Jordan Ferney. Jordan got to choose the subject (and bake all he cakes) and Paul painted them. Each one had a different saying to go along with it. All the original 5x7's were sold but we are happy to finally make the prints available.


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Official *What did you get in the mail today?* Thread!!!
Got my Della Terra order today! Woot!
My swap from JackieT and i got to pick up my orders from my tea mule today!So i can finally get my remaining swaps out the door this weekend!
Samples from Teavivre arrived, woot!
Was confused as inside the box was on big Teavivre bag, but inside was a bunch of sample packets! YAY!
Inside, Golden Monkey Black, Da Hong Pao Wuyi Oolong, Bai Hao Oolong, Silver needle white, ripe chrysanthemum and rose pu'er tuochas.
I just got my first online order!
Butiki tea:
Flowery Pineapple oolong
Castleton Moonlight Darjeeling
Pu Erh Tuo Cha
Hattialli Golden Lion Assam
Giddapahar Darjeeling Extra
Verdant Tea:
Earl Of Anxi
Autumn Harvest Laoshan Green
Thankyou for the samples Butiki and Verdant!
I need help! I've been in a tea rut and I need to order some new tea. Any suggestions? I've been so busy with life that I've been neglecting my tea stash and now I hardly have any loose leaf tea anymore. I stopped in Whole Foods yesterday hoping that they would have some but no such luck.
My best advice for a tea rut…is to SPOIL yourself. I indulge in ordering DAVIDs dessert teas or I spend time exploring the highest rated dessert teas on here and just go ahead and treat myself. Or a swap!! That will get you moving again!!
Butiki teas! or steap shoppe! or the next tea place you see that goes on sale lol just to make it random :)
My comment was supposed to be in reply to you, Tea and Trees but Steepster ate it a few times, so sorry about the thread-missing.
LOL you have a couple of teas from Whispering Pines on your shopping list. I've never ordered from them, but was looking at their site last night, and have also put some on my want list. That could be a fun place to start. As Hallieod mentioned, New Mexico Tea also has an extensive list of what I think look like fun tea. If you are looking for more straight teas, you can't go wrong with Verdant. Hope you find something you like.
Tea and trees, because I saw that Dexter said you had Whispering Pines on your shopping list, I checked your list. BUY, go quickly…. no run & buy Sleeping Bear blend. Do it, do it NOW!!
You guys are brilliant, I have completely forgotten about the shopping list! The last Sleeping Bear blend that I bought lost its flavor quite quickly. I also bought 4 oz of the Blackmint Blend and after only a few weeks in my cupboard, the flavor was almost completely gone.
How were you storing them?
Mine held flavour for a long time. I also really love campfire blend…. num num num
I ran out of tins so I was just storing them in the bag they came in. The first order of tea I got from him lasted a long time but I was so disappointed by that last order!
Thank you friends, I ended up ordering Good Morning Sunshine and The Killer's Vanilla from Butiki!
Fun question! Virtual shopping won't add to anyone else's cupboards. :)
As well as what's been suggested, Pure Aroma Teas is having a sale of 25% off all black teas for the next few days. I've really liked all the black teas I've tried from them so far and their shipping is very reasonable. http://purearomatea.com/2-special-offers
Also, a new friend on the Tea Buying Hiatus Support Group (ah, the irony) added a few teas from the New Mexico Tea Co that sounded really good and now I want ALL the teas from there (in ALL the TINS). http://www.nmteaco.com/
Woo! Big box of samples from Teavivre! So glad I went home for lunch and was there to sign for it :D
Totally received my swaps from cavocorax (which i suppose is semi also from Joon!) and fiddling today! so exciting!
seriously, i'm totally doing a happy dance all week for all my swap partners!
My second Della Terra order came in today. My mail lady was kind enough to bring it to the door so it wouldn't get wet sitting outside since she knew it was tea.


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Monday, April 29, 2013
EC135s Join Calstar, EagleMed Fleets After Completions at Metro
The third of eight Eurocopter EC135s has arrived at California Shock Trauma Air Rescue (Calstar) after receiving an air medical interior at Metro Aviation in Shreveport, La. Among the equipment in the helicopter, which features medical seating for three, is a light aircraft recording system (LARS) from North Flight Data Systems, Voyager Isolette litter, single external LOX, and air pump. Completions for all eight Calstar EC135s are taking place in Shreveport under the contract.
Metro Aviation has also handed over an AS350 to EagleMed, which will add the helicopter to its base in Cody, Wyo. The Wichita, Kan.-based EMS provider is a subsidiary of Air Medical Group, operating a fleet of AS350s and fixed-wing Beechcraft King Airs. The AS350 comes equipped with an EMS package including an oxygen system, flip-up seats, a medical inverter system and LEMS litter. Metro Aviation anticipates delivering a total of around 35 new aircraft during 2013.
Related: Air Medical News


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Welcome TeaChatters to TeaDay. You are all invited to brew some tea and share what is in your cup today, all day, of course. Photos welcome!
We have been discussing the tea of the month for November. Please continue to dicuss this topic.
Today's TeaPoll and discussion topic can be a touchy subject ... on the wallet. Are you actively shopping for TEA at this time? Yes, no, always, maybe ... definitely not? If yes, what are you shopping for, and care to share where?
As always, I am looking forward to sharing TeaDay with everyone. Bottoms up!


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Monday, December 29, 2008
Holiday Break Catch up and Top Lip Products
How was your holiday break? I just got back from Orlando yesterday. It's so hard to get up and go to work the day after a vacation, lol.
I had lots of fun visiting the fam...the usual craziness trying to go from being an independent young woman to feeling like I'm a kid again at my parent's house, lol.
I had a chance to hit up the MAC pro store, yay! I'll post a haul video probably next week.
Did you guys get lots of presents for x-mas? As I get older, I don't really expect much but I got some goodies this year. In particular, my bff got me some NARS as part of our secret gift exchange, woo hoo!
Also, my boyfriend got me a new digital camera, finally! Now I can film my youtube videos and not have to worry about the blurry quality of my old webcam. The webcam was great in the beginning, but after a while it started going down hill. I have to more videos to upload that I did with my other webcam, but moving forward I'll have crystal clear videos. Thanks to the BF!
In the meanwhile, on my wednesday I uploaded a tag video - My Top 6 Lip Products.
Here they are:
1) Aquaphor - best lip moisturizer for serious dry skin issues
2) and 3) Viva Glam V lipglass and lipstick - most flattering universal color in my opinion
4) Bateaux Lustreglass - I love using this limited edition shade on women of color - fabulous!
5) Cork Lip Pencil - The perfect shade of brown for my highly pigmented lips...I always feel extra diva when wearing this :)
6) Gentle Simmer slimshine - A pretty sheer pink shade that's perfect for everday
Check out my video!
Don't forget to subscribe :) Till next time, Ciao Bellas!
Atlanta Makeup Artist
12 comments:
- Product Junkie Diva said...
Look at you back on the blog with a dramatic eye, cute Ren.
I like your pics :-) I want to try that lip moisturizer, sounds great.
- December 29, 2008 at 1:48 PM
- PBW said...
I also put the Aquaphor lip moisturizer on my my list.
- December 29, 2008 at 3:03 PM
- Tammy M said...
I must try Aquaphor...
Did you have fun in Otown? I was there Christmas Eve for last minute shopping, can you believe I STILL have not hit up MAC Pro??? it is definitely one of my New Years resolutions, lol!
- December 29, 2008 at 3:47 PM
- Wes said...
My friend has been using the Aquaphor lip moisturizer for AGES... I've been meaning to pick it up for awhile now. It's really good and lasts a REALLY long time. Welcome back REN!!
- December 29, 2008 at 4:14 PM
- Couture Carrie said...
That blue shadow is bangin, RR!
I may have to refer back to your false eyelash tutorial for New Year's - have you thought of doing a "Ren Ren's best of 2008"? So much to choose from . . .
- December 29, 2008 at 4:35 PM
- Beauty is Androgynous said...
i love your dramatic es looks!
and yes that darn harlow color..
its okay...
its just too frosty weird on me.
i think it's a lip gloss that i would have to mix a different lipstick or gloss with.
i think only then it would look okay.
- December 29, 2008 at 5:34 PM
- mayaari said...
yay for new digicams! viva glam you say...hmm...that might have to go on my list of things to try when i go to MAC again..
- December 29, 2008 at 6:53 PM
- jeSmakeup said...
u cutted ur bangs tooo???
- December 30, 2008 at 4:29 AM
- Sharon Rose said...
Hi there-so pleased you had a lovely Christmas with the family, nice pressies too!
- December 30, 2008 at 10:16 AM
- Kimberly Tia said...
awwwww REN!!!
you made the magnets too!! how awesomers -- and i hopeeeeee you took some photos to share and bragggggg toooo right?!?!?!
i was in bed the last few days with the brrr cold cali weather, catching up on all my ren videos and tuts... creating "wishlists of makeup and more makeup"... you enabler! JK
i would love to see your magnet project tho! glad you had something fun to give out to friends for Xmas! they're so easy peezy!
- December 30, 2008 at 10:32 AM
- yummy411 said...
bateaux lustre yum! i haven't used mine much cuz i love it so. i'll have to try gentle simmer.
- December 30, 2008 at 11:21 PM
- Girl with Curl said...
I love Aquaphor. I use it everywhere - lips, elbows, hands and feet.
I'm having withdrawal symptoms too after spending time with my family and parents and not having to worry about anything. I just go back yesterday and I'm still trying to adjust.
- January 6, 2009 at 3:55 PM


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Topic: error while installing rails
i'm a totally newbie in ruby on rails.
i'm using windows.
i've successfully installed ruby and the rubygem bundled in the ruby installer then when i install rails using command:
gem install rails --include-dependencies OR gem install rails --remote
both command give me error:
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Timeout::Error)
execution expired
i've search through the internet and nothing i can found this problem, so i do not know at all what is happening.
i've download the rails also but i dun't know how to install it.
can please somebody help me.


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Care & Maintenance
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Experience the Extraordinary
1/7-1/12, 2/17-2/22, 12/21-12/26, 12/29-1/3
Click on a date to reserve your space
|Trip Length
|6 days/5 nights
|Group Size
|Bozeman, MT
|From $3,395 to $3,795
|If you have questions about this journey or would like to receive a detailed trip brochure, call 800-445-2995 or click here.
|Price varies depending upon departure's group size.
Day 1 (Yellowstone National Park) Travel south along the Yellowstone River through breathtaking mountain scenery to Mammoth, at Yellowstones north entrance. Explore the steaming limestone terraces of Mammoth Hot Springs, and photograph elk as they wander along the terraces and among the buildings. Try walking in snowshoes to explore the Upper Terrace on a short trek through trees and around giant boulders to steamy hot springs. (Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel)
Day 2 (Yellowstone National Park) Today is all about wildlife. Were in the Lamar Valley by sunrise to scan the hillsides for secretive gray wolves. The wildlife viewing is incredible, with vast herds of bison and elk, coyotes, bighorn sheep, and eagles all calling this valley home in the winter. Knowledgeable naturalists explain the wolf reintroduction story, and teach you how to identify different types of tracks. Enjoy a hot lunch in the small mountain town of Cooke City and return to Mammoth by late afternoon. (Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel)
Day 3 (Yellowstone National Park) Board a special over-the-snow vehicle and take the scenic route to the Old Faithful Snow Lodge, sharing the road with wandering bison. Stop to peer into the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to see the incredible sight of the massive, iced-over falls, then continue on, watching for the great herds of elk, playful otters, and other wildlife of the Hayden Valley and Yellowstone Lake area. Upon arrival at the Old Faithful Snow Lodge, settle into your room then walk out to catch the eruption, which is far more dramatic in winter, when the hot water hits the cold air. (Old Faithful Snow Lodge)
Day 4 (Yellowstone National Park) The Upper Geyser Basin contains the largest concentration of geysers on earth. On your walking exploration, along with Old Faithful youll see Grand Geyser, the largest regularly erupting geyser in the world! See the striking colors of Morning Glory Pool, watch mud pots bubble, and learn how this amazing network of thermal features was formed. Walking through this landscape of active geysers and hissing fumaroles pouring steam into the clean, cold air is an otherworldly experience. After a hot lunch, you can rent snowshoes or cross-country skis if you'd like and head back out with your guide to continue exploring the forested trails. There are great active and non-active options for everyone, including the kids, this afternoon. (Old Faithful Snow Lodge)
Day 5 (Yellowstone National Park and Chico Hot Springs) Catch the snow coach back to Mammoth, stopping to walk the trails at Fountain Paint Pots to see the bubbling mud and other unusual features. Arrive in Mammoth by early afternoon and travel north through the spectacular Paradise Valley to Chico Hot Springs, where you can enjoy a soak in the hot pool before your festive farewell dinner. (Chico Hot Springs)
Day 6 (Departures home) Start the day with Chicos generous breakfast buffet and then return to Bozeman for flights home.
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1-800-445-2995 • Fax 406-587-4147


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Saturday April 20
Gareth Bale is a target for incoming Bayern Munich boss Pep Guardiola.
West Ham have told Liverpool to take a £10million offer for Andy Carroll or risk blowing the deal.
Danny Simpson is fearing the scrap heap - because no clubs want him.
Tottenham are keeping tabs on Newcastle midfielder Sylvain Marveaux.
Seville hope to offer Andrey Arshavin an escape route from Arsenal.
Aldershot owner Kris Machala has secured a new investor for the Hampshire club.
Russell Martin is a £3million target for Aston Villa.
Sir Alex Ferguson has dismissed talk of Wayne Rooney being offered a new deal by Manchester United.
Monaco are ready to challenge Manchester City for Edinson Cavani's signature this summer.
Birmingham boss Lee Clark is to spend four days at Barcelona to see what he can learn.
Newcastle youth coach Willie Donachie could join Ally McCoist's backroom team at Rangers.
Sammy Lee is being promoted to director of coaching at Burnley.
Manchester City are ready to make Edinson Cavani the best-paid player in England.
Steve Clarke is set for talks to extend his contract at West Brom.
Sir Alex Ferguson has turned up the heat on Wayne Rooney by praising Shinji Kagawa's development.
John Terry delivered an amazing snub to FA chairman David Bernstein yesterday when he refused to shake his hand.
Manchester United boss Sir Alex Ferguson has dismissed talk of a new contract for Wayne Rooney.
Aston Villa boss Paul Lambert has told Christian Benteke to make sure he's not a one-season wonder and pledge his future to the club.
Southampton manager Mauricio Pochettino reckons the Premier League could be set for a Spanish invasion as English clubs all look to unearth the 'next Michu'.
Arsene Wenger admits sometimes he looks at Per Mertesacker and sees nothing more than a lower league player.
Paolo Di Canio has told Sunderland's relegation battlers that 'days off are for losers'.
Sam Allardyce has told Andy Carroll that his next move could make or break his career.
Harry Redknapp has warned QPR there is no guarantee the club will bounce back immediately if they are relegated from the Premier League.
John Terry, who was stripped of the England captaincy after being accused of racism, showed the extent of his enduring anger towards the Football Association by refusing to shake the hand of chairman David Bernstein in the most public of arenas yesterday.
Sir Alex Ferguson has hinted at Wayne Rooney falling further down the pecking order at Manchester United.
Kick It Out, the campaign that six months ago today was the focus of a protest by leading black footballers over the game's response to high-profile incidents of racism, is planning to launch smart-phone apps next season that allow players and fans to report anonymously abuse in the stands or dressing room.
English football's wounds were reopened yesterday at the worst possible time for the Football Association's chairman, David Bernstein.
Wayne Rooney has already found one route to the Manchester United first team blocked and now the gradual emergence of Shinji Kagawa has created another obstacle for the England striker to navigate.


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by Anton Shilov
Leading maker of game consoles Nintendo said Thursday that it would reveal pricing and exact launch date of its highly-anticipated 3DS portable video game system on September 29, 2010, exactly two months from now. This is not the first time when Nintendo will make a major announcement in September.
The company decided to remain usually tight-lipped over any additional details about the 3DS, but a report from Computerworld notes that it will not be the first time when Nintendo will make release important details about its next-gen products in September. Nintendo has made major product announcements around September in previous years: in 2006 the company unleashed the final details about the revolutionary Wii, in 2008 the firm revealed details about the DSi and in 2009 it announced plans for Japanese launch of the DS LL.
The company provided prototypes of the 3DS to game developers long ago and at E3 show last month it formally unveiled the console's capabilities, design, the list of games set to be available around launch and some other peculiarities. Later on the company indicated that it would only release the 3DS in calendar 2011, even though almost everyone expected it to hit the market in 2010 in time for the Holiday season. The price of the console also remains a mystery.
Nintendo 3DS comes with a 3.53" autostereoscopic 3D top screen and a 3.02" bottom touch screen. It has three cameras – one inner and two outer – to deliver the stereo-3D effect and take stereo-3D pictures. It includes a motion sensor, a gyro sensor, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n controller, a Slide Pad that allows 360-degree analog input and so on. The device also has a special slider that can increase, decrease or disable stereoscopic 3D (S3D) effect. The 3DS comes in form-factor that is similar to the predecessors and is fully compatible with Nintendo DS titles. The console uses DMP Pica 200 graphics processor.