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The Revolutionary Astronomers
The Revolutionary Astronomers
Since the second century B.C., when Ptolemy wrote his astronomical manual, The Almagest, until the seventeenth century A.D., a geocentric conception of the universe prevailed in Europe under Ptolemy's authority, which was itself founded on Aristotle's fourth-century work, the Physics. No other cosmological model was considered by European astronomers until the late sixteenth century, so thoroughly had Ptolemaic astronomy permeated the European mind and imagination. Like Darwinian evolution in the twentieth century, Ptolemaic astronomy, and particularly the geocentric model of the universe, was accepted reflexively and informed the imaginations of professional astronomers and educated people throughout Europe. Aristotle's authority dominated European philosophy as well as the science of this period; even in the theology of the Church and Protestant sects Aristotle's profound influence was received through the adaptive work of St. Thomas Aquinas. To dislodge the geocentric conception of the universe would upset a good deal else in the intellectual framework of Europe.
Ptolemaic astronomy involved a complex geometry of explanations of the planetary and sidereal movements, of epicycles, deferents, and equants, many of which were unworkable. The discrepancies between the growing body of observational data and Ptolemy's calculations, as well as the many inclarities in his mathematics, became increasingly apparent to astronomers by the mid-fifteenth century. Though Ptolemy's authority was not questioned, it became necessary to clarify the mathematics of his system to make them more useful. It was this intense review of the Ptolemaic calculations that led to the work of Nicolaus Copernicus a century later. Copernicus is known as the father of heliocentrism, the new astronomy that set the sun, not the earth, at the center of the universe, but historians generally agree that his purpose was conservative, not revolutionary. Working conscientiously within the established tradition, Copernicus's aim was to simplify and clarify in the extremely complex Ptolemaic calculations what had become unworkable in applied astronomy. Although his De revolutionibus orbium coelestium fundamentally altered the accepted structure of the universe by supposing the earth to be in motion with the planets around the sun, it did so from very orthodox assumptions and is even dedicated to Pope Paul III. Copernicus's theory left unchallenged such fundamental assumptions of the old model as the sphericity of the universe, the circular motion (with epicycles) and regularity of the planetary orbits, and the finiteness of the universe, being bound by the sphere of the fixed stars. Even the idea of the sun's centrality derives from the pythagorean-platonic tradition of sun-worship, which, in Copernicus's mind, was its chief virtue. Copernicus postulated the earth's orbiting the sun not because of the force of his observational data, but because, believing in the pythagorean idea that the sun belongs at the center of the cosmos, the earth's motion was a necessary corollary. The mathematics were then worked with little effort at making new observations, the result being a theory that was scarcely more accurate than Ptolemy's, which is why Copernicus himself did not publish it, trying until the end of his life to make it work.
Published after Copernicus's death in 1543, De revolutionibus was widely recognized as an important hypothesis. Twenty-five years later it was being enthusiastically promoted in England by a prominent mathematician, Leonard Digges, as a revolutionary theory describing the real physical character of the universe rather than as the purely abstract hypothetical mathematical theorem as it was thought to be. Digges even went so far as to insist that the Copernican theory allowed for an infinite universe, though Copernicus himself only suggested it was much larger than the Ptolemaic universe. This came at the same time as a certain constriction and solidification of opinion in conservative circles that necessarily reacted to Copernicanism as it was being interpreted and would have nothing to do with it. Opinion was divided and Copernicanism was now in the hands of the innovators of astronomy.
Now that a viable alternative to Ptolemaic astronomy existed, it became necessary for those astronomers who did not wholly dismiss it to make variations and adaptations to the Copernican theory. The Dutch astronomer Tycho Brahewas one of the most important of these. Still, he is less renowned for his own cosmological hypothesis than for his design and use of the most accurate and powerful astronomical instruments of the time. Tycho's observational data were methodically planned and recorded and remarkably accurate. They helped discredit Aristotelian physics and were material in producing the Rudolphine Tables (1627), published after his death, which established Copernicanism as a workable theory. Tycho observed and recorded a nova's appearance in 1572 and a widely discussed comet in 1577 and demonstrated that Aristotle (and Ptolemy who followed him) was wrong that such things only occur beneath the sphere of the moon, that is, between earth and moon, beyond which nothing changes. Tycho had carefully calculated that both nova and comet occurred at distances from the earth far beyond that of the moon. The work in which he set forth his observations and his own geocentric hypothesis, De Mundi aetherei recentioribus phaenomenis, was published in 1588.
The stage was set for the coming of Galileo Galilei, who in the 1590s, still early in his career, was already a confirmed opponent of Aristotelian physics and convinced that the Copernican theory was a physical reality. Galileo was perhaps the first modern scientist, for he was an empiricist, basing his conclusions, not upon ancient authorities and mere logic, but upon his own observations made with the best instruments available. In 1609 and 1610, using a telescope he redesigned with improvements, Galileo recorded several observations that would make several Ptolemaic assumptions about the universe indefensible. He observed the surface of the moon to be mountainous and not perfectly spherical as supposed; he saw four of Jupiter's moons, spots on the sun, and the phases of Venus. All of these observations were explainable by the Copernican model but not by the Ptolemaic, which fact sealed Galileo's confidence. Galileo first published his findings in his Sidereus Nuncius (1610), but this work had little effect on the debate as Galileo was then too politically cautious to press his convictions. His Dialogo (Dialogues Between the Ptolemaic and Copernican World Systems), published in 1628, late in his career, garnered the most attention. In this work he supported the heliocentric theory, but in an unconventional mock-socratic format that satirized the traditional view. The Dialogo, with its strong arguments and the force of the authors' reputation, did much to propagate the Copernican theory and, in the view of many historians, assured that it would ultimately supplantthe Ptolemaic-Aristotelean model of the universe. Galileo's subsequent trouble with the Vatican had to do with the theological implications of the theory as Galileo taught it.
The fate of the Ptolemaic theory already sealed—at least among professional astronomers, Johannes Kepler's three laws dealt the coup de grace. It was Kepler, a contemporary of Tycho Brahe and his collaborator for some years, who would establish that the planetary orbits are neither circular nor regular, but elliptical and move faster when closer to the sun. The first two of Kepler's three laws exploded two Ptolemaic (and Copernican) assumptions about celestial motion: that it is necessarily circular, circularity being the perfect form of motion, and also necessarily regular for no irregularity can occur in the celestial regions. Both in the way of mathematical theory and speculation, Kepler's three laws of planetary motion and the Rudolphine Tables helped astronomers accept the Copernican model of a heliocentric universe as a physical fact by improving on its mathematical accuracy and thus, at the very least, a theory to contend with. In the fifty years after Kepler's death (1630), it was the ambition of many astronomers to either disprove or modify Kepler's principles. So much attention for so long inevitably made Copericanism a commonplace and thus so much the easier to accept. Kepler indeed did more than anyone to establish the Copernican model in the European mind. For he paved a direct path to Newton whose discovery of the law of universal gravitation—by applying Kepler's laws in the light of his own discoveries—introduced a new physics that forever laid to rest the physics of Aristotle and the astronomy of Ptolemy. Until the twentieth century, Newtonian physics stood in the place of Aristotle and Ptolemy, holding sway in its ability to explain observable astronomical phenomena.
Representative Works
Tycho Brahe
De nova stella 1573
Astronomiae instauratae progymnasmata 1602
Nicolaus Copernicus
De revolutionibus orbitum coelestium [On the Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies] 1543
Galileo Galilei
Sidereus nuncius [The Starry Messenger] 1610
Dialogo [Dialogues Between the Ptolemaic and Copernican World Systems] 1628
Johannes Keppler
Prodromus Dissertationum Mathematicarum
Continens Mysterium Cosmographicum [The Forerunner of Dissertations on the Universe, containing the Mystery of the Universe] 1597
De Fundamentis Astrologiae Certioribus [The More reliable Bases of Astrology] 1601
J. L. E. Dreyer (essay date 1906)
SOURCE: "Conclusion," in A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler, by J. L. E. Dreyer, revised by W. H. Stahl, 2d ed., Dover Publications, Inc., 1953, pp. 413-24.
[In the following essay, originally published in 1906 and reprinted with minor changes in 1953, Dreyer sketches the progress of the heliocentric model of the universe with particular attention to the unsuccessful attempts up to Newton's time at salvaging the old geocentric model by means of ever more ingenious modifications.]
The system of Copernicus had been perfected by Kepler, and all that remained to be done was to persuade astronomers and...
(The entire section is 8458 words.)
Principal Figures
Pierre Rousseau (essay date 1959)
SOURCE: "The Four Great Names in the Conquest of the Skies," in Man's Conquest of the Stars, translated by Michael Bullock, W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1959, pp. 104-41.
[In the following excerpt, Rousseau gives a detailed synopsis of the work and contribution of each of the major revolutionary astronomers after Copernicus to the establishment of the heliocentric theory. Rousseau begins with Tycho Brahe and ends with Galileo, placing special emphasis on their fresh observations of the stars and planets with new instruments and showing how these led to finally dismantling the old geocentric model of the universe.]...
(The entire section is 24520 words.)
Revolutionary Astronomical Models
S. K. Heninger, Jr. (essay date 1977)
SOURCE: "Copernicus and His Consequences," in The Cosmographical Glass: Renaissance Diagrams of the Universe, The Huntington Library, 1977, pp. 45-80.
[In the following excerpt, Heninger gives a detailed explanation of each of the many cosmological models that the Copernican theory had spawned in the seventeenth century, thereby telling the story of the difficult transition to the new astronomy.]
The geocentric system gives the appearance of neatness and accounts readily for the casually observed phenomena in the world around us. Nonetheless, it proved unwieldy to the professional astronomer. His job was to...
(The entire section is 11388 words.)
Further Reading
Berry, Arthur. A Short History of Astronomy: From the Earliest Times Through the Nineteenth Century. New York: Dover Publications, 1961 (originally published in 1898), 440 p.
A broad overview of the history of astronomy from the Greeks through the nineteenth century, including biographical sketches.
Christianson, Gale E. The Wild Abyss: The Story of the Men Who Made Modern Astronomy. New York: The Free Press, 1978, 461 p.
Covers the major themes and historical figures in the history of astronomy against a broader background of social and cultural developments.
Hall, A. Rupert. From Galileo to...
(The entire section is 322 words.)


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Student Life
Celebrating Diversity Week
The School of Communication in partnership with the Center for Diversity and Inclusion is proud to co-sponor "Share Your Story: Student Dialogues on Diversity and Inclusion 2013."
For several years, the Diversity Committee for the School of Communication has been very passionate about the role of diversity and inclusion at American University and we would like to further that freedom through recognizing different student voices in our community.
The week-long program will honor the diversity that American University celebrates each day. The events scheduled include panel lectures, workshops, and open discussions about issues/topics such as cisgender privilege, political affiliation, women in Islamic cultures, multi-cultural matters, veterans, and safe space. The week is dedicated to students, but faculty and staff are welcomed to attend events. The dialogue will continue on Twitter with hashtag #audiversitydialogue
The program begins with a student panel discussion: "Our Voices: Students Sharing Experiences at AU." The School of Communication will sponsor the event which will be held Monday, February 25 at 1:00 p.m in the Butler Boardroom. For a full listing of events, visit american.edu/soc/diversityweek

subset: commoncrawl


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: CA$0.97 (17% off)
Light Tapioca Loaf
Posted by Reviewer2888900 on Feb 08, 2012
Taste is good, but best if toasted. This bread is wheat, gluten and dairy free. I also like that it is low in salt and no added sugar.
Gluten free bread with a shelf life AND tastes good. unbelieveable but true
Posted by 4921697260692442527 on Oct 13, 2013
Love that it can stay in my pantry for up to 12 months and it is still fresh when opened. I have tried many of the GF breads from Ener-G foods and this one is the best of the lot. It is a lot lighter than usual GF breads and light and fluffy when toasted. the rest are good but this is my favourite of all the GF breads.
Posted by Reviewer2452647 on Apr 03, 2014
others crumbles easily. this is sooo good i cant believe its not wheat!! please iherb, always have this available!!!
great price, fast shipping
Posted by Reviewer3252374 on Jan 02, 2012
Great product.
Good, but dry and falls apart
Posted by Reviewer1069028 on Apr 02, 2012
This was my first try and gluten free bread and it was all right. The loaf is small compared to a "normal" loaf of bread, so if you use it for sandwiches it makes kind of cute little sandwiches. It tastes pretty good, but falls apart easily and is pretty dry. That being said, I would buy it again.
Tapioca bread
Posted by Reviewer1583487 on Sep 08, 2011
This is a good bread for gluten-intolerant people. It tastes good and doesn't fall apart so easily.
Posted by Reviewer1478517 on Apr 10, 2014
Muito gostoso e não contêm glúten
Love it!
Posted by 4913932745636418369 on Nov 20, 2013
I know the package directions say to microwave/toast it, but I like it best when it has been steamed! Steaming makes the bread moist and fluffy, it tastes just like regular bread when prepared this way
Posted by CindyW on Jun 26, 2013
My husband and I love this bread. We used it for just about anything, including french toast!
good for sweet and salty spreads
Posted by cherylinechua on Oct 15, 2014
I have not tasted it not toasted; i always toast my gluten free breads now. This one is good for both sweet and salty spreads.


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Topic: Removing custom list-style-image from nested ul in print, MSIE
I've been running into an annoying CSS issue and was wondering if anyone else has seen this/knows a work around.
I have some ul's where the li's have a custom image. In the screen style sheets I had to use background images, rather than list-style image, to get the required level of cross-browser fidelity. However for print I had to switch back to list-style-images... (Now don't get me started on why MSIE seems to follow very different rules on what hacks work on print/screen style sheets....)
I finally got the required cross-browser fidelity for single level lists. However, when moving on to the print stylings of nested lists, I'm running into a problem. MSIE doesn't want to "give up" its custom list-style-image, no matter what I try....
For instance:
ul.special {
list-style: inside url(some-image);
ul.special li {
list-style: inside url(some-image);
text-indent: -3ex;
padding-left: 3ex;
ul.special li ul {
list-style: outside disc;
ul.special li ul li{
list-style: outside disc;
text-indent: 0ex;
padding-left: 0ex;
In FF, the print looks correct. In MSIE, the nested list still uses the custom image. Can anyone explain why? how to fix?


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Talk about strange timing. Olympic gymnast and Dancing with the Stars contestant Aly Raisman underwent her random drug test from the World Anti-Doping Agency this week - just before an appearance on Access Hollywood Live and days before she's set to compete in the DWTS finale.
Read More >
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The Data-Driven Future of Video Advertising
March 7, 2014
This paper from Nielsen and Simulmedia aggregates conversations from researchers, marketers, and C-suite executives from all sides of the media industry to better understand the changing landscape of the cross-screen video marketplace.
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2013 USAT National Championships Video Promo
What: Submit a homemade video promotion for the USAT National Championships for a chance to win head-to-toe Daedo gear worth up to $400 retail!
Promote the USAT National Championships with fight footage, songwriting, training methods, personal inspirations, etc. Be creative! Why are YOU going to the USAT National Championships this year?
Contest Timeline:
Submission Deadline: Friday, June 15, 2013 @ 11:59PM Pacific Time
Videos Posted: Monday, June 17, 2013
Winner Announced: Monday, July 1, 2013
Prize Collection: During USA Nationals 2013 in Chicago, Illinois
How to submit:
Send video to – firstname.lastname@example.com
Write in email: First Name, Last Name
How to win:
All videos will be posted on the Official Truescore Facebook Page (www.facebook.com/truescoreHQ)
The video with the most "likes" (thumbs up) on the Truescore Page by Monday July 1 will be announced as the winner.
Feel free to endorse your video by sharing on your own facebook profile or sending your video link from the Truescore Facebook Page to friends and family.
Winners will be announced at USAT National Championships in Chicago, IL
Guideline for video:
Grand Prize = Head-to-toe Daedo Gear includes all WTF Approved
Second Place = E-Footgear
Third Place = Headgear Keychain
ALL Participants will receive either:
5% off at the Truescore Daedo booth at Nationals
10% off at the Truescore Daedo booth at Nationals if there is clearly visible Daedo product placement in video
Prize Collection:
By entering a submission, participant acknowledges that Truescore Daedo has free use of the video


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An Impossible Life - Page 2
Clinging to life in a chemically induced coma and breathing through a life-support system, Boyle underwent 36 blood transfusions and 14 surgeries, eight alone for his heart—in one procedure, the doctors literally removed it, still beating, from his chest to reposition it. Almost as quickly as one surgery was completed, Boyle underwent another. "It felt like my chest was being crushed. I couldn't hear, I couldn't see, but I knew something was terribly wrong," says Boyle recalling his first memory following the crash. He cannot place this or any of his first memories in a particular order as he laid unconscious for nearly the entire first month he was in the ICU.
He describes the experience as "surreal," saying, "I was in and out enough to know where I was, but I couldn't always discern dreams from reality. I could hear people and see people, but I had no way to communicate." When Boyle's parents came to visit, they talked to him but he was unable to respond.
He could only listen as nurses and doctors discussed his bleak future--the possibility that he might never speak again, that he would probably never walk again, that he would need around-the-clock care for the rest of his life. The former 5'11", 230-pound state-champion swimmer had become a frail and motionless 130 pounds.
After Boyle regained consciousness, it took weeks, and unwavering determination, just to blink. Slowly, however, he regained more movements: puckered lips, a smile, a lift of his hand to blow a kiss to his mother.
For Boyle, smiling was the first step toward recovery. "But, for everyone else," he says, "my first few words sealed the deal ... It was like I had officially declared I was back. My mind was intact."
In September 2004, Boyle was released and returned home. He pushed for independence and recovery. Remarkably, by December, Boyle was walking around a 400-meter track. As the weeks went by, his walk became a jog. And by the fall of 2005, he was able to begin college and joined the swim team at St. Mary's College in St. Mary's City, Maryland.
Two years later, Boyle decided he wanted to attempt an Ironman, something he had dreamed of before his accident. His family was skeptical. His mother, Joanne, says, "After all he'd been through, I didn't think his heart could handle it." But Boyle crossed the finish line of the Ironman World Championships. "So, I set bigger goals," he says, "If I could do that, why not try ultrarunning?"
According to friends, Boyle has an all-or-nothing attitude. "I have to reign him in a lot and explain he doesn't have to race every weekend," says Ashley Halsey III, a USAT (USA Triathlon) coach who started training Boyle last year. "But he's an exuberant athlete. He has the survivor mentality and that carries him on. He also has a very good sense of himself and what really matters in life."
When Boyle stood on the starting line of the JFK 50 Mile this past November, he had never run farther than 26.2 miles on roads, but he finished, in 9:50, 10 minutes under his goal time and was immediately infected with the trail-ultra bug. "Next July, I'm running a trail 100-miler," he says. "I express myself through adventure, and my races show everyone what their time and energy and prayers have done for me."
Ray Jackson of Hagerstown, Maryland, who has been running ultras for eight years, met Boyle at mile 22 of the JFK 50, while pacing a friend. Jackson noticed Boyle was really struggling, and went back and ran with him from miles 38 to 50. "I've run enough ultras to know that in the later miles, you can fall apart," says Jackson. "Brian was having a hard time, but he was smiling, positive and happy. He didn't complain once."
Boyle is a strong cyclist and swimmer, and admits that running is his weakest skill. Jackson isn't so sure. He says, "Once he gets in some more trail training, Brian is going to be a really good runner." Jackson plans to convince Boyle to run some sections of the Appalachian Trail in preparation for his 100-miler this summer and return to the JFK 50 in November.
After spending so much time recovering indoors, trail running brings Boyle a huge sense of freedom. "I used to dream about getting out of my hospital bed and going outside," he says. "To breath in fresh air is a gift, and now, I get to explore anytime, day or night."
To read a first-hand account of Boyle's tragic accident and remarkable recovery, read his book, Iron Heart: The True Story of How I Came Back from the Dead.


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Henry Rowley, Shumeet Baluja, and Takeo Kanade
Proceedings of the 1996 DARPA Image Understanding Workshop, February, 1996.
|We present a neural network-based face detection system. A retinally connected neural network examines small windows of an image, and decides whether each window contains a face. The system arbitrates between multiple networks to improve performance over a single network. We use a bootstrap algorithm for training the networks, which adds false detections into the training set as training progresses. This eliminates the difficult task of manually selecting non-face training examples, which must be chosen to span the entire space of non-face images. Comparisons with other state-of-the-art face detection systems are presented; our system has better performance in terms of detection and false-positive rates.
Associated Center(s) / Consortia:
Vision and Autonomous Systems Center
Associated Lab(s) / Group(s): Face Group
Associated Project(s): Neural Network-Based Face Detection, Face Detection Databases, Face Detection, Face Databases
|Text Reference
|Henry Rowley, Shumeet Baluja, and Takeo Kanade, "Neural Network-Based Face Detection," Proceedings of the 1996 DARPA Image Understanding Workshop, February, 1996.
|BibTeX Reference
author = "Henry Rowley and Shumeet Baluja and Takeo Kanade",
title = "Neural Network-Based Face Detection",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1996 DARPA Image Understanding Workshop",
month = "February",
year = "1996",
|The Robotics Institute is part of the School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University.
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- Yamamoto C39 makes the suit lightweight, flexible and buoyant
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- Fabric: Front Body: 4mm Yamamoto C39 Neoprene; Back body: 3mm Yamamoto C39 Neoprene; Front Leg: 4mm Yamamoto C39 Neoprene; Back Leg: 3mm Yamamoto C39 Neoprene; Seat: 5mm Yamamoto 39 Neoprene
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47" VIZIO LCD 1080p 120Hz HDTV w/ Wi-Fi
by VIZIO | Item #: 434614 | Model #: E472VLE |
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VIZIO's 47" Class LCD HDTV with VIZIO Internet Apps® puts the best of the web right on your TV, giving you instant access to VUDU™, Netflix™, Hulu Plus™, Pandora®, Facebook™, Twitter® and more. With built-in Wi-Fi for easy set-up, this HDTV also boasts 1080p Full HD and 120Hz refresh rate for a superior picture at an amazing value. Its ambient light sensing technology ensures a perfectly-balanced picture that's never washed out or too bright.
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Barbara R. Esser
Barbara R. Esser, 98, Minot, passed away peacefully, surrounded by her loving family, Saturday, April 6, 2013, in her home.
Barbara was born Oct. 7, 1914, on the family farm in Pierce County, near Rugby, to Math and Margaret (Bohl) Schneider. She was raised and attended school in Rugby and graduated from Rugby High School. Following graduation she moved to Minot where she did housecleaning until she married.
Barbara married Lawrence A. Esser on Nov. 21, 1939, at Little Flower Catholic Church in Rugby. Following their marriage they made their home on the family farm, near Burlington, where she was a homemaker and raised their eight children. They later lived in Foxholm and Carpio before moving to Minot in the 1960s.
While living in Minot she worked at various places, including Trinity Homes, Minot High School-Central Campus, Green Thumb Greenhouse, Piggly Wiggly and SunMart grocery stores. Lawrence passed away on Aug. 25, 1975.
Barbara had a "gift to gab," so she never had a problem talking to people or expressing her opinion with "Letters to the Editor" or letters published in the REA magazine.
She enjoyed gardening, crossword puzzles and her Catholic faith was very important to her. For the past 18 years her dog, "Polly," was her true companion.
Barbara was a member of St. Leo's Catholic Church, the Confraternity of Christian Mothers and the Veterans of Foreign Wars Auxiliary, all in Minot.
Those who shared in her life: son, Gregory (Shannon) Esser, Moore, Idaho; daughters, Darlene (David) Barnett, Minot, Lorayne (Dennis) Slaga, Cornell, Mich., and Rosemary (Arthur L.) Grosz, Casper, Wyo.; 20 grandchildren; 32 great-grandchildren; one great-great grandchild; sister, Magdelena "Lena" Voeller, Minot; and numerous nieces and nephews.
Barbara was preceded in death by: her husband, Lawrence A. Esser; daughters, Maryann Finney, Margery Hammons and Patricia Esser; son, Lawrence R. Esser; grandsons, Christopher Barnett, Allen Esser and Scott Slaga; granddaughter, Treasure Esser; her parents, Math and Margaret Schneider; brother, John Schneider; sisters, Julia Schneider and Sister Eva Schneider.
Funeral: Thursday, April 11, at 3 p.m. at St. Leo's Catholic Church, Minot.
Burial: Rosehill Memorial Park, Minot.
Visitation and vigil prayer service: Visitation will be Wednesday, April 10, from 3 to 7 p.m., with the vigil prayer service at 7 p.m., all at Thompson-Larson Funeral Home, Minot.
Those wishing to sign the online guest register or share memories of Barbara may access the online obituaries at (www.thompsonlarson.com).


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Affiliate will not bid for trademarks, brand names, brand related keywords and misspellings of brand names of Celldorado on search engines such as but not limited to, Google, Overture, Miva, and BT Look smart and any other "Paid For Listings" providers unless given express written permission by Advertiser. Affiliate is not allowed to mention Celldorado in the title/body of adverts or to use the URL of Celldorado, unless given express written permission by Advertiser. Celldorado Strictly Prohibits Publishers From:- -Advertising on adult sites and cash back sites -Advertising on p2p sites -Advertising on illegal download portals - Use of the word FREE in the ads or in the display URL (The affiliates in no way should communicate or in a way imply through their promotions to the end customer that the services/products are FREE.) -It is allowed to open Celldorado pages in a pop up window, however the Terms and conditions should at all times be accessible for the end user. Note: The usage of Creatives/texts (banners, e-mail, text ads etc) that include brands/logos/trademarks and were not provided by the advertiser, will only be allowed upon the advertiser's approval. Please contact the relevant Adsmarket representative/account manager if you wish to approve the usage of such creatives."
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In consideration for Affiliates' participation in the Affiliate Program, Affiliate agrees to comply with these Supplemental Terms and Conditions in addition to the terms of the Affiliate Network Agreement and the Terms of Use. If any of these Terms and Conditions conflict with those of the Affiliate Network Agreement, then the terms and conditions of the Affiliate Network Agreement will prevail. Capitalized terms not defined herein have the meanings set forth on the Affiliate Network Agreement. Advertiser reserves the right to amend these Supplemental Terms and Conditions and the Terms of Use from time to time. Notice hereof will in such case be announced via email to Affiliate or on Advertiser's website, the Advertiser's publisher management page within the Affiliate Program website. Announcements made on Advertisers' website or on the section on the Affiliate Network website relating to Advertiser shall be deemed a notice to Affiliates. The Affiliate is advised to regularly review the Supplemental Terms and Condition and the Terms of Use as they are binding for all use of the Affiliate Program. Should Affiliate not accept the new terms and conditions, Affiliate must (i) immediately inform Advertiser hereof, (ii) immediately stop participation in the Affiliate Program and (iii) remove all advertisements supplied by Advertiser within the Affiliate Program. 1. DEFINITIONS Affiliate: You (as collaborator who shall provide Advertiser with space on the Internet for publishing Advertisements within the Affiliate Program). Affiliate Program: program maintained by Advertiser through the Affiliate Network as further specified in the Terms of Use Affiliate Network: as further specified in the Terms of Use. Affiliate Network Agreement: agreement in place between Affiliate and the Affiliate Network. Advertisement: all, text links, creative, landing pages advertisements and banners as provided by Advertiser within the Affiliate Program Advertiser: shall mean the Advertiser as further specified within the Terms of Use of the Affiliate Program, and any company or entity that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with it. 2. AFFILIATES' UNDERTAKINGS The Affiliate Program may only be used by Affiliates that have been registered to the Affiliate Network (subject also to the terms and conditions as accepted in the Affiliate Network Agreement) and by Affiliates that have been approved by Advertiser. Affiliate is not allowed to assign the rights granted within the Affiliate Program to (or to cooperate with) any third party marketing and advertising networks (such as but not limited to so-called sub-affiliates) unless given the express written permission of Advertiser in which case Affiliate will solely be responsible and liable for third parties' compliance with these Supplemental Terms and Conditions and the Terms of Use. Affiliate must (i) have reached the age of 16 years or have the consent of (one of the) parents and/or the accountholder to participate to the Affiliate Program and to use the Advertisements on its Sites and (ii) agree (on behalf of this parent and/or accountholder) to be bound by these Supplemental Terms and Conditions. 3. SPAM POLICY Affiliate shall not send or procure the sending of emails on behalf of, or purporting to originate on behalf of, Advertiser without explicit written permission from Advertiser. All approved email campaigns must fully comply with the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 established by the United States of America ("the CAN-SPAM Act") or any other applicable law or updates thereof, relating to marketing activities, email campaigns and the like. Affiliate shall not directly or indirectly send out any emails which advertise or promote Advertiser, its services, web sites or products without the express written consent of Advertiser. 4. AVAILABLE CREATIVES Affiliate agrees not to use any other material, graphic or text as Advertisement than provided by or on behalf of Advertiser in the Affiliate Program and agrees only to use the Advertisement in the format obtained by the Affiliate through the Affiliate Program. Advertiser may in its sole direction, at all times, change the appearance or style of the advertisements within the Affiliate Program. Affiliate is responsible to use the latest form of the Advertisements and shall thereto regularly – but at least every week – check with the Affiliate Network's website relating to the Affiliate Program. Affiliate is not allowed to make previews and/or pre-listenings of the advertised product available to the end-consumer through its own website. In other words, previews and pre-listenings can only be made available to the consumer by placing a deeplink to the Advertisers' website(s). 5. PLACEMENT AND USE OF ADVERTISEMENTS Affiliate shall not place the advertisements on: a. sites that promote sexually explicit materials or violence; b. sites primarily or mostly oriented toward persons under 16; c. peer to peer (p2p) networks; d. illegal download portals and/or bittorrent sites; e. sites that promote illegal activities; f. sites that libel, defame, cause injury to, invade the privacy of or otherwise infringe or violate the rights of any person or third party. Advertiser specifically prohibits (not limitative) (i) changing or deleting material offered within the Affiliate Program, (ii) using the Affiliate Program to collect or to copy material pertaining to Advertiser, (iii) usage of fields where data needs to be entered (other than those fields as provided in the Advertisements) and (iv) usage or placement of previews and/or pre-listenings on the Affiliate website otherwise than by placing a deep link to the Advertisers' website(s). Traffic and/or sales generated by an Affiliate may not be created through undue methods such as, but not limited to, automatically opening windows, phishing, spamming or the use of links, spiders, robots. It is not permitted to use scripts, frames, programs or the like to generate false clicks on Advertisements. It is further prohibited to refer oneself, to click yourself , improperly urge others, or force customers to click on Advertisements to increase the Affiliates' commission. Affiliate will effect that website users are able to close (without ending their browser sessions) pop-ups, pop-unders or other advertisements that cover otherwise viewable content. Affiliate shall ensure that no information about Advertiser or its products is incorrect and Affiliate will not use the Advertisement in a misleading way, in particular concerning the subscription character, price, contents, origin, composition, properties or effectiveness of the products of Advertiser. The Affiliates placement and/or usage of the Advertisement shall comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including those on advertising and data protection in all relevant jurisdictions. Affiliate shall always maintain the quality of its services at a level satisfactory to Advertiser. Advertiser shall at times have the right to review Affiliate's activities related to these Supplemental Terms and Conditions and/or the Terms of Use. Advertiser will immediately notify you and/or the Affiliate Network of any violations by Affiliate of these Supplemental Terms and Conditions and/or Terms of Use. If violations are not remedied within 24 hours, Advertiser reserves the right to block the Affiliate account within the Affiliate Network until fixed. Affiliate is allowed to open Advertisements in a pop up window, however this window needs to display all Advertisers' Terms and Conditions as provided in the Advertisements at all times. Such Terms and Conditions shall at all times be accessible for the end-user. Affiliate agrees not to use Advertisements or links thereto in a manner that disparages Advertiser or its trade names and/or trademarks, or portrait Advertiser or its products or services in a false light. Affiliate will promptly comply with requests of Advertiser as to the use of Advertisements or its intellectual property rights and will not knowingly take any action that diminishes the value thereof. Advertiser owns and/or controls and shall retain all right, title and interest in its names, logos, trademarks, service marks, trade dress, copyrights and proprietary technology, including, without limitation, those names, logos, trademarks, service marks, trade dress, copyrights and proprietary technology currently used or which may be developed and/or used by it in the future. 6. MALFUNCTIONING Affiliate is responsible for notifying Advertiser of any malfunctioning of the required URLs or other problems with Affiliates' participation in the Affiliate Program. Advertiser will respond within reasonable time to all concerns upon written notification by Affiliate. Under no circumstances Affiliate can claim any damages (other than any commission payable under the terms and conditions agreed in the Affiliate Network Agreement) with regard to any malfunctioning of the required URLs and/or other problems with Affiliates' participation in the Affiliate Program. 7. INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS Affiliate shall defend, indemnify and hold Advertiser harmless against all claims, liabilities, losses, damages (including but not limited to direct, indirect, special and consequential damages), injuries and expenses including all reasonable legal fees claimed or incurred by Advertiser and/or third parties directly or indirectly as a result of any breach or alleged breach of these Supplemental Terms and Conditions and/or Terms of Use. Advertiser hereby indemnifies Affiliate from any justified direct damages incurred by Affiliate relating to a justified claim for infringement of copyright, trademarks, or image rights in the Advertisement, provided that (i) Affiliate shall promptly notify the Advertiser in writing of such claim, and (ii) Advertiser shall be entitled to take sole control of the defence and settlement of the claim at its own cost and expense, including using attorneys or other third parties of its choice, and (iii) Affiliate will cooperate with Advertiser in the defence of the claim. 8. REMEDY FOR BREACH If Advertiser reasonably determines that Affiliate breaches any of the Supplemental Terms and Conditions and/or the Terms of Use, or the Affiliates' failure to comply with these, the Advertiser may, in addition to any other remedies Advertiser may have, terminate the Agreement immediately and withhold or recover any compensation for transactions not in compliance with these Supplemental Terms and Conditions and/or the Terms of Use. 9. TERMINATION In addition to any termination right the Affiliate Network may have (subject to the terms in the Affiliate Network Agreement), Advertiser reserves the right, at all times, in its sole discretion, to close the Affiliates' account (or any parts thereof) within the Affiliate Program. Such closure of Affiliates' account shall be in immediate effect in case of any breach by Advertiser of any terms and conditions hereunder. In case of closure for no cause Advertiser shall provide Affiliate with a ten (10) business days notice. Advertiser reserves the right to (i) withhold any accrued but unpaid commissions attributable to Sales generated during the period Affiliate has been in breach with any of the terms and conditions covered in the Supplemental Terms and Conditions and/or Terms of Use and/or (ii) to require Affiliate to refund all commissions paid to Affiliate attributable to Sales generated during the period Affiliate has been in breach with any of the terms and conditions covered in the Supplemental Terms and Conditions and/or Terms of Use. Upon termination, for whatever reason, Affiliate shall (i) immediately cease using Advertisers' name, logos, trademarks, service marks, trade dress and proprietary technology and (ii) immediately stop participation in the Affiliate Program and (iii) remove all advertisements supplied by Advertiser within the Affiliate Program. 10. DISCLAIMER FOR WARRANTIES ADVERTISER DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR SATISFACTORY QUALITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ADVERTISER, TO THE FULLEST EXTEND PERMITTED BY LAW, EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY RELATING TO THESE SUPPLEMENTAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS AND/OR TERMS OF USE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ADVERTISER BE LIABLE UNDER THESE SUPPLEMENTAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS AND/OR THE TERMS OF USE FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, LOST PROFITS, INDIRECT OR OTHER DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY. ADVERTISERS' AGGREGATE LIABILITY UNDER THE SUPPLEMENTAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS AND/OR TERMS OF USE FOR ANY CLAIM IS LIMITED TO THE AMOUNTS PAID BY THE AFFILIATE NETWORK FOR SALES GENERATED BY AFFILIATE IN THE AFFILIATE PROGRAM DURING THE PRECEDING 6 MONTHS. 11. JURISDICTION / CHOICE OF LAW These Supplemental Terms and Conditions and Terms of Use shall be exclusively governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of The Netherlands without reference to the conflict of laws rules thereof, and excluding the United Nations Convention of the International Sale of Goods. In case any part of this agreement is found unenforceable or not allowed under a certain jurisdiction, this will not affect the other parts of the agreement and that part will be replaced by a similar enforceable provision. All disputes which might arise between Affiliate and Advertiser in connection with these Supplemental Terms and Conditions shall be adjudicated by the competent court in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 12. ACCEPTANCE By participation in the Affiliate Program Affiliate acknowledges and confirms that he/she has read and accepted the Supplemental Terms and Conditions as set above and will therefore be bound to the same extent as if he had personally signed this Agreement.


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1-DAY ACUVUE® TruEye® Brand Contact Lenses
Why ask for these contacts?
Introducing 1-DAY ACUVUE® TruEye® Brand—an innovative contact lens designed to help maintain the natural state of the eye. It's the first and only daily disposable contact lens made with a super-breathable silicone hydrogel material. And it includes HYDRACLEAR® 1 Technology** for all-day comfort.
Healthy looking eyes
Enjoy super-breathable lens material and the highest UV protection
Silicone hydrogel lets through the oxygen that your eyes need, so they can breathe freely. And since you wear a fresh pair of contact lenses every day, it's the healthiest, most convenient way to wear contacts. Plus, you'll help block the sun's harmful rays with the highest UV-A and UV-B protection available in a daily disposable lens.‡ .
See the benefits of UV protection
Super Comfortable Contacts
HYDRACLEAR® 1 Technology for all-day comfort
HYDRACLEAR® 1 Technology provides the highest volume of wetting agent in the HYDRACLEAR® family, making 1-DAY ACUVUE® TruEye® contact lenses ultra-smooth and wettable, and has more oxygen flow to the eyes than any other daily disposable lens. That means your eyes can look as white and feel almost as comfortable as if you weren't wearing any contacts at all.
Lens Details
|What does it mean?
|What's it for?
|Near or Farsightedness
|Nearsightedness: Distant objects appear blurry.
Farsightedness: Near objects appear blurry. Blur can also occur when viewing distant objects.
|Replacement Schedule
|Remove and discard daily
|Use a fresh pair of contacts every day for optimal comfort and convenience.
|UV Protection‡
|Class I – blocks at least 96% UV-A and 99% UV-B radiation
|The highest UV protection available in a daily disposable contact lens. See a diagram or See the benefits. ‡Important UV information.
|Silicone Hydrogel material (narafilcon B)
|Provides 96% of available oxygen to the open eye. See a diagram or Watch the history.
|HYDRACLEAR® 1 Technology
|This third-generation of HYDRACLEAR® Technology embeds the highest volume of moisture-rich wetting agent in the HYDRACLEAR® family, resulting in a highly wettable contact lens that feels so comfortable it's almost like your natural eye. See a diagram or See what it's about.
|HYDRACLEAR® 1 Technology
|HYDRACLEAR® 1 Technology makes contacts ultra smooth so every blink feels almost like you're not wearing contact lenses at all. See a diagram or Watch why it's good.
|Easy Handling
|Visibility tint & Inside out mark
|Lenses are lightly tinted blue so you can spot them in your lens case and inserting lenses correctly every time is as easy as following the 1-2-3 mark. See what to look for.
|Prices vary
|Retail prices vary and are solely determined by your eye doctor or retailer.
|Package Size
|30 or 90 lenses per box
|Get the convenience of a six-month supply with just four 90-count boxes.
Will 1-DAY ACUVUE® TruEye® lenses fit your prescription?
Select the D (sometimes labeled PWR or SPH) number of your prescription from the drop down menu, then click Find out.
Find your prescription on the box end.
Can't find a match for your prescription? Ask your eye doctor about your options.
What do the letters mean?
D or diopter (sometimes labeled PWR or SPH) is the corrective power of your lens. A minus sign (-) indicates nearsightedness, a plus sign (+) indicates farsightedness.
Other prescription parameters
BC or base curve is used to describe the curvature of the lens.
DIA or diameter is the distance across the surface of your lens.
To see the lens details for all ACUVUE® Brand Contact Lenses, download the Specification Index (225 KB)
Charts & Graphs
Getting Started
- Get started with free* contacts today
*Free trial lenses available from participating eye doctors. Exam and fitting fees not included.
- Find an eye doctor
near you that carries
ACUVUE® Brand
- Prepare for your appointment
With what to expect, ask, and bring.


text:
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Toned Up! - This one-hour class will pump you up! Body sculpting uses hand weights, resistance bands, medicine balls and other equipment to tone and sculpt your entire body. All levels are welcome!
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text:
Neoseeker : Razentsu : Collections : BlazBlue: Calamity Trigger
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Community feeds
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text:
LINGUIST List 19.3482
Sun Nov 16 2008
Jobs: Applied Ling: Director, International Center for Language Studies
Editor for this issue: Bethany Townsend <bethany
The LINGUIST List strongly encourages employers to use non-discriminatory standards in hiring policy. In particular we urge that employers do not discriminate on the grounds of race, ethnicity, nationality, age, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. However, we have no means of enforcing these standards.
Job seekers should pay special attention to language in ads regarding employment requirements and are encouraged to consult our international employment page at http://linguistlist.org/jobs/jobnet.html. This page has been set up so that people can report on the employment standards of various countries.
To post to LINGUIST, use our convenient web form at
1. Karen Decker,
Applied Linguistics: Director Foreign Language Division, International Center for Language Studies, Washington DC, USA
Message 1: Applied Linguistics: Director Foreign Language Division, International Center for Language Studies, Washington DC, USA
Karen Decker <kdecker
Applied Linguistics: Director Foreign Language Division, International Center for Language Studies, Washington DC, USA
E-mail this message to a friend
University or Organization: International Center for Language Studies
Department: Foreign Language Division
Job Location: District of Columbia, USA
Web Address:
Job Rank: Director Foreign Language Division
Specialty Areas: Applied Linguistics
Well-established language training company seeks qualified individuals to
apply for position in a highly competitive, fast-paced environment as the
Director of its Foreign Language Division.
The Director is responsible for recruiting, training, developing and
supervising Language and Culture Instructors, who deliver job-related
proficiency-based language training at all levels, beginning to advanced,
to adult professionals from the US government and private sector. The
Director supervises an administrative team that manages all aspects of
running language programs, including business development activities for
the company. Candidates must possess professional language training skills
in order to direct language training programs and materials development
which bring students to high levels of language proficiency in speaking,
listening and reading. Candidates must be current in the application of
technology to the language learning process and current best practices in
the areas of distance learning, classroom and computer-assisted
instruction. The Director oversees testing, the design of new courses
and/or extensive revisions to existing training courses, as well as
monitors and evaluates students' progress in order to ensure that students
are meeting their language goals. The Director keeps in close contact with
client agencies and promotes the language programs to develop new clients
for the company.
We are looking for energetic enthusiastic individuals with the following
- Masters Degree in Teaching, Linguistics, Education or related field
- Knowledge and skills in foreign language curriculum design, teacher
training and classroom pedagogy, and student counseling
- Supervisory and/or management knowledge and/or abilities
- Experience with Federal Government procurement requirements, especially
the Department of Defense and GSA schedule
- Experience with project and contract management
- Experience in developing technical and pricing proposals for government
and private clients
- Ability to communicate effectively in oral and written English and a
foreign language
- Knowledge of educational and training technologies and instructional
- Experience in teaching language to adult professionals
- Knowledge of proficiency-based language training and testing formats
- Knowledge of ILR skill levels
- Ability to work in a multicultural setting
- Strong interpersonal skills
- Strong leadership qualities
Application Deadline: (Open until filled)
Email Address for Applications: employment
Contact Information:
Karen Decker
Email: kdecker
Read more issues
LINGUIST home page
Top of issue
Print This Page
any bad links or misclassified data
LINGUIST Homepage
Read LINGUIST
Contact us
While the LINGUIST List makes every effort to ensure the linguistic relevance of sites listed
on its pages, it cannot vouch for their contents.


text:
We Help to Make Dog Care Easier for You
We know dogs better than just about anyone else. So whether you're concerned about symptoms, need a check-up or are just interested in some tips on a happier, healthier pup, come on in. We look forward to meeting you both.
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Dog Breeds - Some dog breeds are best for apartment living, while others make great exercise partners. However do you know what health issues your dog is most prone to? Click the link above to locate your dog breed and learn more about these potential issues. Together, we can help assure your dog lives a healthy and happy life.


text:
LINGUIST List 22.2646
Fri Jun 24 2011
Confs: Language Acquisition, Psycholinguistics/Tucson
Editor for this issue: Zac Smith <zac
LINGUIST is pleased to announce the launch of an exciting new feature: Easy Abstracts! Easy Abs is a free abstract submission and review facility designed to help conference organizers and reviewers accept and process abstracts online. Just go to: http://www.linguistlist.org/confcustom, and begin your conference customization process today! With Easy Abstracts, submission and review will be as easy as 1-2-3!
1. Chantelle Warner ,
Multilingual 2.0?
Message 1: Multilingual 2.0?
Chantelle Warner <warnerc
Multilingual 2.0?
E-mail this message to a friend
Multilingual 2.0?
Date: 13-Apr-2012 - 15-Apr-2012
Location: Tucson, AZ, USA
Contact: Chantelle Warner
Contact Email:
< click here to access email >
Meeting URL:
Linguistic Field(s): Anthropological Linguistics; Applied Linguistics; Psycholinguistics; Sociolinguistics; Translation
Meeting Description:
Over the past decade, a wide range of scholars have been working on projects that seek to clarify what multilingualism means- whether those scholars are housed in psycholinguistics, literature, translation studies, second language acquisition, history, linguistic anthropology, computer science, or education departments. But rarely do these researchers have the opportunity to speak with one another in a transdisciplinary setting about their findings. Meanwhile, the phenomena that we call 'multilingual' or 'monolingual' are changing before our very eyes- amid the rise of social networking, hypertextuality, national security discourses in Europe and North America, the industrialization
of translation, and new phenomena of global migration.
Featured Speakers:
Doris Sommer (Harvard University)—Ira Jewell Williams, Jr. Professor of Romance Languages and Literature, Director of Graduate Studies in Spanish; author of Bilingual Aesthetics: A New Sentimental Education, Duke University Press, 2004.
Anthony Pym (Monterey Institute of International Studies and Universitat Roviri I Virgili, Tarragonia, Catalonia, Spain)—author of The Moving Text: Localization, Translation, and Distribution, John Benjamins, 2004.
Mary Louise Pratt (New York University)—Silver Professor and Professor of Spanish and Portuguese Languages and Literatures, author of "Building a New Public Idea about Language" and Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, Routledge, 1992.
Claire Kramsch (University of California at Berkeley)—Professor of German and Foreign Language Education, author of The Multilingual Subject, Oxford University Press, 2010.
Michael Holquist (Yale University)—Emeritus Professor of Comparative and Slavic Literature, preeminent translator of Mikhail Bakhtin and author
of Dialogism: Bakhtin and his World, Routledge, 2002.
Supported by a generous Collaboration and Innovation Grant from the UofA's newly founded Confluence: A Center for Creative Inquiry, this international symposium on April 13-15, 2012
This International Symposium at the University of Arizona is designed to bring working scholars and teachers together to take stock of our collective paradigmatic advancements in multilingualism, monolingualism, plurilingualism, and the like, over the past two decades. We will take this two-and-a-half day opportunity to discuss with one another the "What's next?" in theoretical and critical approaches to our shared arena of inquiry.
Abstracts for paper submissions will be solicited in August 2011.
Read more issues
LINGUIST home page
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Page Updated: 24-Jun-2011
About LINGUIST
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While the LINGUIST List makes every effort to ensure the linguistic relevance of sites listed on its pages, it cannot vouch for their contents.


text:
FREE BODY BUTTER with $50 fragrance purchase. U.S. Orders Only
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This feminine shoulder bag has all the organization you could want in a pretty package.
12" W x 9¾" H x 4¾" D with 11" strap drop
Machine wash cool, gentle cycle. Do not bleach. Line dry.


text:
"Sometimes you must let go of the life that you had planned as to grab onto the life that is waiting for you."
This quote runs so true in many people's lives, including Warrior Kit owner Diana Maestas.
While going to school to become a math teacher, she embarked on a pastime that would soon turn into a life changing career.
"My dad had an independent rep group that rep a lot of the brands that I am currently carrying today. I started working with him and we ran the business out of our garage. I started making go-bags for law enforcement and survivalists that were selling on the internet called Warrior Kits," Maestas said.
After a year of working out of their garage, Maestas' father went back to work as a manufactures representative which essentially put Maestas out of a job.
After being introduced to this environment, she knew that this was the life for her.
"I immediately fell in love with the people I was working with and the industry itself so I knew that I wanted to do this as a career. With help from my parents, my mother and I decided to open the store."
Warrior Kit was quickly established and carries all kind of law enforcement equipment such as: uniforms, duty gear, boots and body armor.
Warrior Kit also carries firearms, ammo, tactical gear, backpacks, survival equipment, firearm accessories, sleeping bags, camping equipment, conceal and carry purse, personal protection products and a huge selection of clothing and jackets.
Maestas said that opening a gun store like Warrior Kit took a very large investment and sometimes more lows than highs.
"It took a ton of money, blood, sweat and tears (I am a crier) up front and throughout the entire process.
"It was the most stressful yet exciting thing I have ever done and it was incredible to see all of our hard work pay off and come together. I could actually see the fruits of my labor growing before my eyes," Maestas said.
Besides her and her mother, there are four other employees at Warrior Kit; one full time and three part time employees.
"There are a lot of people that still do not know who we are or what we do, but the response that we have received from those who have been in the store has been incredible. Everyone loves the products that we carry and the customer service we provide. The majority of our customers that come in are like family. It has been great."
Warrior Kit will also be opening up an indoor shooting range that will be opening this July, so if you haven't been to Warrior Kit, go and check it out.
For additional information on Warrior Kit, please visit their website at www.warriorkit.com.
© Copyright 2016 The Pueblo Chieftain & Star Journal Publishing Corp. All rights reserved.


text:
You Save: $
msrp: $
Vans' storied history, and their connection with skate and surf culture, began in 1966 Southern California with the rolling out of a single pair of shoes. They were named Authentic. In the generations since, they have only gotten more popular amongst hardcore skaters and skate enthusiasts. Their design is simple, stylish, and effective: a low top lace-up profile made with sturdy canvas uppers, and signature waffle rubber soles. The Vans Kids Authentic Shoes in Black are perfect for your young guns. If these things can withstand the lifestyle of skateboarders then they can definitely meet the challenges of kids. Vans detailing throughout.
- Canvas uppers
- Metal eyelets
- Vulcanized waffle rubber outsoles
- Solid colorways
- Unisex sizing
More From Vans Kids Skate Shoes
Available Sizes 3 6
Available Sizes 3
Available Sizes 7


text:
Stocks to Watch: Microsoft, Bank of America
Microsoft(MSFT) , the giant software maker, is seen by analysts Thursday posting fiscal third-quarter earnings of 57 cents a share on revenue of $17.18 billion.
The stock has risen nearly 20% this year. It releases Windows 8 later in 2012.
Bank of America (BAC) is expected by analysts Thursday to post first-quarter earnings of 12 cents a share on revenue of $22.51 billion.
The stock has risen 60% in 2012, making it the biggest gainer in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
Arena Pharma's Own Data Point to Weight-Loss Drug Rejection
Analysts are calling for Morgan Stanley(MS) to post quarterly earnings of 45 cents a share, down from profit of 46 cents a year earlier.
Analysts see revenue of $7.31 billion, down from $9.49 billion last year.
5 Stocks Poised to Pop on Earnings
DuPont(DD) , the chemicals maker, is seen posting quarterly profit of $1.55 a share on revenue of $11.21 billion.
Expect Netflix to Sell DVD Division
Other Dow components reporting Thursday are Travelers(TRV) and Verizon(VZ) .
American Express(AXP) , the credit card company, reported quarterly earnings Wednesday of $1.26 billion, or $1.07 a share, in the March-ended period, on revenue net of interest expense of $7.61 billion. Analysts were expecting profit of $1 a share on revenue of $7.57 billion.
3 Stocks for an Overbought Market
-- Written by Joseph Woelfel
>To contact the writer of this article, click here: Joseph Woelfel
>To submit a news tip, send an email to: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Hi there !
I'm a new member here and hoping I can get some good advice.
I have purchased online a luthier-made 12-string guitar.
This is a modern, reasonably authentic reproduction of a 1920's Stella 12 string guitar.
Ladder braced, 26.5" scale length, strings 14-66, and tuned down from standard E, to B instead.
I'm relatively new to acoustic guitar pickups and want to get something really good. I've never really liked the quack from piezo pickups, but magnetic soundhole pickups can sound too electric and the same (no matter what guitar it is on). Nothing new there, I'd expect !
I quite fancy the Anthem pickup. My main question is about the crossover point at which the mic doesn't work below. As my 12 string guitar is tuned much lower, surely much less of my guitar sound will actually come from the mic - and more from the piezo strip ???
Therefore, will my guitar not benefit much with this pickup compared to other pickups I could try instead ?
Has anyone tried the Anthem pickup on a very low tuned guitar ??? (tuned down to B, possibly even A)
Many thanks in advance.


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Tonights game is the 40th anniversary of OSU at Minnesota 1972, maybe the ugliest incident I've ever seen in sports...right up there with Kermit Washington's sucker punch of Rudy Tomjanovich...
I wrote this on the blog four years ago...
...It had been years since I had seen this, and it doesn't get any less ugly with the passage of time. It has been called a brawl, but that usually implies fighting by both sides. As you'll see, there isn't much of any swinging by OSU players.
For those who don't remember, or have never seen it, the action began with 36 seconds to go in the game and the Buckeyes wrapping up a huge upset victory over the Gophers, when Corky Taylor fouled Buckeye center Luke Witte hard as he went for a dunk, knocking him to the floor. A referee sensing Taylor might not be finished stands between Taylor and Witte for a moment, until Taylor goes to help Witte up. What follows is perhaps the dirtiest scene ever in college basketball.
A Buckeye player confronts Taylor after he puts Witte back down with a knee to the groin, and he is cold-cocked by Gopher (and longtime Cav) Jim Brewer and another Minnesota player, while Ron Behagen proceeds to stomp on the writhing Witte's head while he's lying in pain. Hall of Famer Dave Winfield is on that Gophers team, and gets his licks in, reportedly smashing OSU's Mark Wagar's head on the floor while several Minnesota fans held him down. Here's a look at Luke Witte's face after the beating.
http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multim ... ent.3.html
Three Buckeye players were hospitalized. Minnesota won the conference in spite of losing Behagen and Taylor for the season to suspensions.
Gopher Coach Bill Musselman has been blamed for the incident by many observers over the years for having his players and the fans whipped into a frenzy for the big game. His reported motto, ""Defeat is worse than death because you have to live with defeat", seems to have helped fuel the outburst. And as bad as it is, the video doesn't even show much of what went on, including Minnesota fans storming the court to join the beating that was in progress. It took Ohio State basketball years to recover. This rivals Kermit Washington's roundhouse right to the face of Rudy Tomjanovich as the worst thing I've ever seen happen on a basketball court.


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Multinews v2.4.1 – Multi-purpose News, Magazine WordPress Theme
Multinews v2.4.1 is a News/Magazine wordpress theme with very beautiful design, You can use Multinews for Magazine, newspaper and blog, Multinews has many unique features such as Flipping magazine, Beautiful mega menus, a lot of Layouts options, Ajax Live search, Author Timeline, popular plugins integrated ( Woocommerce, bbPress, Ad Rotate, MailPoet Newsletters, Contact form 7 and much more).
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How To Install WordPress Themes Or Plugins Via WordPress Dashboard
You have to upload the Premium Themes files into your WordPress installation in your hosting account.
Inside the main ZIP that you just downloaded there is another ZIP file that contains all the files that you need to install.
Login to your WordPress dashboard (www.yourdomain.com/wp-admin) and navigate the menu:
If you are installing a new theme, go to: Appearance > Themes, then click on Add New. Now click on Upload Theme, and then click on Browse… now you have to select the ZIP files that you already extracted onto your PC from the main ZIP file. Now all you have to do is Activate your new theme.
If you are installing a new plugin, go to: Plugins > Add New, then click on Upload Plugin, and then on Browse… now you have to select the ZIP files that you already extracted onto your PC from the main ZIP file. Now all you have to do is Activate your new plugin.
Installing and Activating Your Premium WordPress Themes/Plugins
After you download your Premium WordPress® Theme, you need to upload it to your hosting account, unarchive it, and then activate it.
Manual Plugin Installation
- There are a few cases when manually installing a WordPress Plugin is appropriate.
- If you wish to control the placement and process of installing a WordPress Plugin.
- If your server does not permit automatic installation of a WordPress Plugin.
- The WordPress Plugin is not in the WordPress Plugins Directory.
- Installation of a WordPress Plugin manually requires FTP familiarity and the awareness that you may put your site at risk if you install a WordPress Plugin incompatible with the current version or from an unreliable source.
- Backup your site completely before proceeding.
To install a WordPress Plugin manually:
- Download your WordPress Plugin to your desktop.
- If downloaded as a zip archive, extract the Plugin folder to your desktop.
- Read through the "readme" file thoroughly to ensure you follow the installation instructions.
- With your FTP program, upload the Plugin folder to the wp-content/plugins folder in your WordPress directory online.
- Go to Plugins screen and find the newly uploaded Plugin in the list.
- Click Activate to activate it.


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"Don't play games that you don't understand, even if you see lots of other people making money from them. "
Bombardier's Challenger 350
Though its predecessor has been a formidable competitor in the super-midsize market, this new model offers even more.
The Bombardier Challenger 300 has dominated the super-midsize class for the last decade and today there are more than 400 flying and another 100 on order.
Although it took a while, the competition is now diligently playing catch-up. In 2013, Dassault began delivering the more economical, $25 million Falcon 2000S, which can use short runways yet has a 3,350-nautical-mile range; Cessna revised the Sovereign and the X and launched the Longitude; Embraer attacked with the ultra-modern Legacy 500; and, after purchasing Galaxy, Gulfstream tossed out everything save the fuselage and remade it into the G280, a fine aircraft that already has set all kinds of range and speed records for its class.
Given these market dynamics, how would Bombardier respond? We found out last May when the company showed off the Challenger 350.
Bombardier unveiled the aircraft in Geneva with the help of actor and accomplished jet pilot John Travolta, who participated in the aircraft's flight test program. And no, he did not come down the airstair to the tune of "Stayin' Alive" from his career-making 1977 homage to disco, Saturday Night Fever. But maybe he should have.
The 350 is going to do more than keep Bombardier in the super-midsize game—it seems likely to help the company maintain its supremacy.
At $25.9 million, the 350 rings the register for $1 million more than the 300 does. It keeps the 300's basic success formula—but adds to it.
Improvements on the 350 include tweaked engines, faster climb times, more fuel capacity and range, winglets, updated avionics, a refreshed and more comfortable cabin with new Ipeco lie-flat seats and a better galley, cabin windows that are 20 percent larger, the latest cabin-management system and high-definition wireless entertainment electronics from Lufthansa Technik.
The 300 on which the 350 is based enthralled customers because of its large, comfortable cabin; efficient engines; modern avionics; and great speed, range and time-to-climb numbers. That and the small matter of serendipity. Namely, the other entrants into the super-midsize market fell short of their potential and disappointed buyers for a variety of reasons: the Falcon 2000 was great but expensive; the Hawker 4000 had an interminable gestation period followed by bankruptcy and discontinuation; Cessna's Citation X was really fast but at the price of a tight cabin; Cessna's Citation Sovereign was cheaper but had the same tight cabin and was slower; and the Galaxy's execution was so poor that it would make a dandy Harvard Business School case study.
To succeed in this environment, the Challenger 300 needed only to be competent. It was, and then some.
For the 300, Bombardier used new computer-assisted design and assembled a global supply chain with components from companies in Australia, Canada, Japan, Northern Ireland, Taiwan and the U.S. The parts and pieces come together in 12 major subassemblies on Bombardier's Montreal shop floor and are assembled into a finished airplane in just four days. The Honeywell HTF7000 engines (6,826 pounds of thrust each) help make the aircraft fast and efficient. Fully loaded, it easily uses runways less than 5,000 feet long, and it climbs at better than 4,200 feet per minute (sometimes a lot better). Yet it can burn as little as 178 gallons of fuel per hour at high-speed cruise settings, or around 470 knots, at altitude. From takeoff, the 300 will climb directly to at least 41,000 feet on its way to a maximum cruise altitude of 45,000 feet. With eight passengers, a crew of two and full fuel, a standard-weight 300 has a range of 3,065 nautical miles, according to Bombardier.
The 300's 860-cubic-foot cabin offers an abundance of space. From cockpit divider to the rear pressure bulkhead, it measures nearly 29 feet long. That includes a 16.5-foot main seating area, lavatory and adjacent walk-in luggage closet with 105 cubic feet of additional space. Cabin height is 6.1 feet and width (from centerline) is 7.2 feet. The 300 was the first business jet to be equipped with the Lufthansa Technik Nice digital cabin-management and entertainment system. Nice uses 24 transducers, mounted behind interior cabin panels, in place of conventional speakers to create near-uniform cabin sound, much like surround sound. Customers loved the 300 and it soon became a prominent part of fractional ownership and charter fleets.
The 350 builds on this success. What little was lacking in the 300 got fixed and/or updated.
The 300 would climb directly only to 41,000 feet, where you had to loiter and burn off fuel before ascending higher. The 350 gets to 41,000 in as little as 18 minutes and keeps going directly to 43,000, thanks to its new Honeywell HTF7350 engines—7,323 pounds of thrust each, 500 pounds more than on the 300. The revised engines do this without burning any more fuel and while cutting emissions. Combined with its capacity for 750 pounds of more fuel, the 350 can now transport eight supersized passengers (225 pounds each) 3,200 nautical miles—135 nautical miles farther than the 300—at a respectable Mach 0.80. Top speed is Mach 0.82—the same as on the 300. The new winglets increase the wingspan to 69 feet and overall the airplane is 1,750 pounds heavier than the 300, tipping the scales fully loaded at 40,600 pounds.
In the cockpit, the 350 will be equipped with the Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 Advanced avionics system with four large LCDs and all the latest goodies: synthetic vision, dual inertial reference system, paperless cockpit, MultiScan weather radar that can detect turbulence, XM satellite weather and a bunch of other acronyms—Fans 1/A, ADS-B out, CPDLC, RNP basic and authorization required and LPV guidance—that mean the airplane has the capability to go just about anywhere in any weather.
Deliveries of the 350 begin later this year. It should ensure that Bombardier is doing more than just "Stayin' Alive" in the super-midsize market.
Base price: $25.9 million
Crew: 2+1
Passengers: 8–10
Range: 3,200 nm*
Long-range cruise speed: 459 kts
Maximum altitude: 45,000 ft
Takeoff distance: 4,835 ft
Landing distance: 2,710 ft
Cabin length: 28 ft, 7 in; width: 7 ft, 2 in; height: 6 ft, 1 in; volume: 860 cu ft
*NBAA IFR 200-nm alternate fuel reserves, eight passengers (225 lb each), two crew.
Source: Bombardier
Mark Huber is a private pilot with experience in more than 50 aircraft models.
In the article the author states: "...after purchasing Galaxy, Gulfstream tossed out everything save the fuselage and remade it into the G280, a fine aircraft that already has set all kinds of range and speed records for its class."
Then later the author states: "...and the Galaxy's execution was so poor that it would make a dandy Harvard Business School case study"
At the risk of stating the obvious, there is no more Galaxy. So what's the point of the comment other than to avoid having to compare the 350 to the G280? I would suggest that the author is trying to build the case that the new 350 is the cat's meow when, in fact, the G280 can give the 350 a run for its money and best it in several areas.
Are we a little defensive here? The author was comparing the competition at the time the 300 was introduced. Besides which the 280 still retains the awkward interior of the Galaxy by not having a flat floor.
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Rochester offers many ways to get fit in 2012
A week into the new year means many people have begun an attempt to get fit for 2012, or possibly even already given up on that attempt. However, for anyone contemplating it or ready to throw in the towel, there is not a better time to hit the gym. That's because right after the new year we have had so many coupons and Groupons to save money on fitness activities.
Earlier this week, Groupon had offers for ilovekickboxing.com, World Gym, Bounce Aerobics, and probably others that I missed. These are just a few of the options available to Rochesterians, and I have tried two of them.
In late 2011, I tried Rochester Fitness Martial Arts (ilovekickiboxing.com) on Stone Road. I had fun with it, but for me it was too late in the evening and too far of a drive to do routinely.
Then I found a Groupon for Bounce Aerobics back in October or November. I got started shortly after that and I love it. It's fun, exciting and a heck of a good workout. I purchased their most recent Groupon and am participating in their six week challenge. I would recommend Bounce to anyone looking for a fun way to get in shape!
I just got a Groupon from World Gym, which is the closest to my house out of all three of these options. I'm going to try it for a month and see if I like it as something to do on days I don't feel like driving all the way to Marketplace Mall (OK, I know, it's only 10 minutes, but working all day makes me lazy!). I'm thinking the convenience of World Gym being so close to my home will really help me move on days I don't go to Bounce. As you can see, convenience plays a big factor for me in whether I end up working out, but I am learning to figure out ways around that.
I have also heard that Planet Fitness has a good discount and is a fun place to work out, but have never tried it myself.
My point is, Rochester is filled with exercise options to get you moving this winter (even if this winter has been pretty mild). Where I'm originally from, we had no where near the variety of options that are available here, so I have had a lot of fun trying some new things. Of course, if this nice weather continues, you could always go for a walk. But it might be more fun to dance at Bounce or kick your way to fitness!
What other places in Rochester are good for getting in shape?


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Program marks Gettysburg sesquicentennial
One hundred and fifty years ago on July 1-3, American Union and Confederate armies fought each other in the largest, most deadly battle in the history of the Western Hemisphere. In recognition of this milestone anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, three local presenters will give a program Wednesday from 6:30-8:30 p.m. at Alpena County Library.
Titled "Three Perspectives on the Battle of Gettysburg Sesquicentennial," it will feature Dr. Gregory Adamus, Dr. H. Robert Case and Don Londo.
The format of the presentation will be in five parts. Adamus will start by outlining Day 1 of the battle, followed by remarks from Londo on the Alpena/Michigan connections. Adamus will speak again on Day 2 and then Case will do a show-and-tell with his authentic weaponry. Adamus will conclude the program with an outline of Day 3. An audience question and answer period also will be held.
Londo wrote the Civil War portion and some Civil War biographies for the book "Alpena County, Michigan Sesquicentennial 1857-2007." For more than two years he has written bi-weekly articles in The Alpena News about Alpena pioneers and their Civil War experiences.
During the past 10 years, Londo has visited almost every major Civil War battle site both in the eastern and western theatres. He has visited Gettysburg Military Park on five separate occasions and has made plans to attend the sesquicentennial reenactments.
Case is going to bring actual Civil War-era weaponry and do a show-and-tell. One will be a five-foot long muzzle loader rifle used by the infantry. The second one will be a breech-loading carbine used by the cavalry. The third will be a black-powder revolver used by officers.
Adamus was a member of the North-South Skirmishers Association, and has participated as an in-uniform demonstrator at many Civil War musters and reenactments. He has visited Gettysburg on five different occasions.
Adamus and his wife first visited Gettysburg in 2009, intending to stay overnight.
"We ended up hiking the entire battlefield for four revealing days," Adamus said. "Because of the uniquely pristine preservation of the battlefield into the present, historians have combed over every last yard of its story. It's often joked that 'more ink has been spilled over the Gettysburg battle than any other.' Consequently, I have a collection of some three dozen book volumes written specifically on Gettysburg. My bedside reading choice for the last three years has been almost exclusively Gettysburg-related."
Like Londo, Adamus plans to re-visit Gettysburg during the actual three days of the sesquicentennial celebration.
"There will be a full re-enactment on each of the three days," he said. "This unique event promises to be the largest re-enactment of any battle of any war in all of world history."
He plans to bring back lots of photos to later share with the local public during a follow-up photologue presentation sometime in August or September.
Wednesday's presentation will be held in the library's conference room, located on the second floor of the library. For more information, call the library at 356-6188.


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Course: Side Dishes
Products: Slow Cookers
Recommended Hamilton Beach® Product: 3 or 4 Qt Slow Cooker
1. In a large skillet, melt the butter with the olive oil over medium heat. Add the onion and garlic and sauté until soft, about 10 minutes.
2. Stir in the rice and coat thoroughly. Scrape the mixture into the slow cooker.
3. Add the broth, salt and pepper. Cook on High for about one hour, until the rice is tender and liquid is absorbed.
4. Stir in the cheese.
Serves: 6
This recipe developed by Hamilton Beach Brands, Inc.


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This morning I heard an interesting survey on the radio about people who don't take their vacation time….apparently almost 50% of Americans aren't taking their vacation time due to fears about job security. Sounded ridiculous to me…at first. And then I remembered a client telling me that their employees were not utilizing their summer Fridays because the leadership team doesn't leave early. Employees think using those Fridays when their boss is in the office somehow reflects poorly on them.
Leaders lead by example, even when they aren't trying to. So every time you cancel your vacation (something I've been known to do, especially when my plan is to hang by the pool rather than head to the airport) you are setting an example. When you sneak out to a soccer game, and give people the impression you are at a meeting, you are sending a signal. And it isn't a good one. I haven't been able to find the specific study I heard about today, but Expedia's Vacation Deprivation survey suggests that this is not a recent trend…apparently Americans have been vacation deprived for a long time. Maybe the economy is just a convenient excuse…a habit we learn from an early age.
Over the past few weeks I've been worrying about my 15-year-old daughter who is showing early signs of being a work-a-holic at her first job as a lifeguard. She says yes to any request to sub for a fellow guard. She took on lifeguard hours as soon as she got certified, but didn't give up her "box" hours taking cards at the gate. She is working 6 and 7 days every week, plus her basketball workouts and volleyball practices. I wonder where she learned that? (What is the J equivalent for sarcasm?) Maybe from her mother who routinely cancels vacation days? Or her father who is on his BB day and night?
The data for the benefits of vacation exists. People who take their vacation avoid burnout, are more productive and happier in their jobs, and their lives. In fact, according to the Wall Street Journal, some companies believe so strongly in the importance of vacation, they offer unlimited PTO. They don't limit time off because they trust their employees to get the job done, to manage their time, and to be responsible.
Maybe it's time to lead by example…and take some vacation.


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Topic: performance problem with long table
hello there all
i am pulling plots to make a graph but it is taking a long long time.
in the tail -f development.log, i see "showing fields from " for a long long time.
it seems to pull the query in less than a second. but takes a long time to process through the following code.
is there a reason this is taking so long that i can clean up?
raw_plots = Array.new
raw_times = Array.new
plots = Array.new
times = Array.new
records = FlowHit.find(:all,
:conditions => ['flow_sensor_id = ? and date_time < ?',
@flow_sensor.id, Time.now],
:order => 'date_time')
records.each_with_index do |hit, i|
if i > 3 # start with 3rd hit in db
if hit.raw != records[i-1].raw # only calculate on change in value
# if this raw is greater than the last, the chip has rolled
if hit.raw < records[i-1].raw
roll_overs += 1
plot_point = ((hit.raw + (roll_overs * bit_multiplier)) * multiplier);
total_plots = raw_plots.size
raw_plots.each_with_index do |raw_plot, i|
# have to break off when plots gets to 4 less than total
if i < (total_plots -4)
start_value = raw_plot
end_value = raw_plots[i+3]
start_time = raw_times[i]
end_time = raw_times[3]
duration = (end_time.to_i - start_time.to_i) / 60
value = (end_value - start_value) / duration
thanks for any tips or ideas.


text:
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text:
Splits, spares and strikes: Hall of Famer Petraglia has 50 years of PBA insight
With bowling leagues just about over, I'll wrap up a second season of weekly columns with my story about talking to one of pro bowling's all-time greats not too long ago.
OK, so I qualify as a bowling "junkie" when I say I took two bowling-related trips in the past six weeks. In late April I bowled at the U.S. Bowling Congress national tournament in Reno, Nev., and let's just say none of our group will be getting any trophies in the mail.
A month earlier, I was a spectator at the Professional Bowlers Association's Tournament of Champions in Indianapolis, a major that attracts all the big names.
That included PBA Triple Crown winner Johnny Petraglia, who I introduced myself to and talked with for about five minutes. A few years ago watching the PBA in Indy, I got to talk with another legend, Carmen Salvino, who help found the tour and was an early star.
Petraglia, 66, is a lefthander who began his career in the 1960s and even in 1994, bowled a perfect 300 game on TV.
As we watched one of the new breed of two-handed bowlers just rip the pins around in the rack, I asked Petraglia if he would try to adopt that style if he was a youngster today.
"No, I really wouldn't consider doing that," he said as I thought it meant he didn't approve of this new technique that allows bowlers to really rev up their throws and gain what some consider an unfair advantage.
But upon a few follow-up questions, that wasn't the reason at all.
"The left side isn't conducive to throwing two-handed," he explained. "There's no track area. You notice that all the successful lefties today throw the ball up the boards and don't really hook it a lot."
I found his point interesting at first, but it made sense the more I thought about it.
The track is the most heavily used area of a lane, and consequently the most beat-up part, too. It's located about halfway between the middle of the lane and the right gutter. There's no corresponding track on the left side, since there are so few lefthanders.
The track often makes righties complain about how easy lefties have it, since the track can act like a monkeywrench and throw off our shots when a ball goes into or out of it.
But righthanded two-handers – is that an oxymoron? – with their gigantic revs and hook, usually play inside, or in the middle of the lane where oil concentration is heaviest, only hitting the track if they throw the ball too far right.
And when you miss to the right as a rightie, what do you want your ball to do? Hook an extra amount to get back to the 1-3 pocket. Which is usually what the extra friction in the beat-up track helps do.
A two-handed lefty, however, doesn't have a track to bounce his ball off of.
Petraglia also compared today's two-handers to crankers like Mark Roth in the 1970s as revolutionizing the sport.
Before Roth came along, the PBA game was accuracy, accuracy, and in case you were wondering, accuracy. But guys who could hook it extra were better able to string strikes, dramatically upping scores even with some missed spares.
Today's PBA is just about devoid of guys who can't put good revs on a ball. Even straighter throwers like Walter Ray can do this and hook the ball if necessary.
Now for the final Mining Journal Bowlers of the Week:
In early April, Don Mattson shot 160 pins over his 181 average with 703, including a 276 game, in the Monday Northern Electric Automotive Industrial League at Country Lanes. Next was Tom Pence at plus-129 over his 160 average with 609 in the Wednesday Trio at Country.
For the women, Diana Windahl shot 120 over her 179 average with 657, including 257, in the Wednesday Superior Iron Range Federal Credit Union loop at Country, with Virginia Wilson at plus-91 over her 147 average with 532 in the Tuesday Night Mixed at Superior Lanes.
At mid-month, 181-average Roger Kipling won the men's title at plus-181 in the Monday NEA Industrial, shooting 724 with 233, 244 and 247. Close behind was Mick Seitz at 175 over his 178 average with 709 in the Friday 800 Mixed at Superior.
Hope Virch won the women's race at plus-128 over her 194 average with 710 in the Tuesday Night Mixed, while Jessica Ayotte was 126 over her 181 mean with 669 in the Thursday Coors Light Ladies at Country.
The last couple weeks mashed together produced Justin Stephens' gigantic 862 series putting him 187 pins over his lofty 225 average in the Tuesday Miller Genuine Draft Major League at Country, followed by Don Salo at plus-144 in the same league with a 170 average and 654 set.
The Coors Light Ladies produced the top two women, Rhonda Bennett at 110 over 143 average with 539 and a 222 top game, and Karen Lassila at 107 over her 140 average with 527.
Steve Brownlee can be reached at 906-228-2500, ext. 246.