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Backgrounder #2202 on Arctic, Energy and Environment
October 30, 2008
October 30, 2008 | Backgrounder on Arctic, Energy and Environment
The Arctic is quickly reemerging as a strategic area where vital U.S. interests are at stake. The geopolitical and geo-economic importance of the Arctic region is rising rapidly, and its mineral wealth will likely transform the region into a booming economic frontier in the 21st century. The coasts and continental shelf of the Arctic Ocean are estimated to hold large deposits of oil, natural gas, and methane hydrate (natural gas) clusters along with large quantities of valuable minerals.
With the shrinking of the polar ice cap, extended navigation through the Northwest Passage along the northern coast of North America may soon become possible with the help of icebreakers. Similarly, Russia is seeking to make the Northern Sea Route along the northern coast of Eurasia navigable for considerably longer periods of the year. Opening these shorter routes will significantly cut the time and costs of shipping. (See Map 1.)
In recent years, Russia has been particularly active in the Arctic, aggressively advancing its interests and claims by using international law and by projecting military might into the region.
Despite the Arctic's strategic location and vast resources, the U.S. has largely ignored this region. The United States needs to develop a comprehensive policy for the Arctic, including diplomatic, naval, military, and economic policy components. This should include swiftly mapping U.S. territorial claims to determine their extent and to defend against claims by other countries. With oil and gas prices recently at historic highs in a tight supply and demand environment, the rich hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic may bring some relief to consumers. These resources, especially the hydrocarbons, also have the potential to significantly enhance the economy and the energy security of North America and the world.
The Arctic's Vast Untapped Resources
The U.S. Geological Survey estimates that the Arctic might hold as much as 90 billion barrels (13 percent) of the world's undiscovered oil reserves and 47.3 trillion cubic meters (tcm) (30 percent) of the world's undiscovered natural gas. At current consumption rates and assuming a 50 percent utilization rate of reserves, this is enough oil to meet global demand for 1.4 years and U.S. demand for six years. Arctic natural gas reserves may equal Russia's proven reserves, the world's largest.[1] (See Table 1.)
The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources estimates that the underwater Arctic region claimed by Russia could hold as much as 586 billion barrels of unproven oil reserves.[2] The ministry estimates that proven oil deposits "in the Russian area of water proper" in the Barents, Pechora, Kara, East Siberian, Chukchi, and Laptev Seas could reach 418 million tons (3 billion barrels) and proven gas reserves could reach 7.7 tcm. Unexplored reserves could total 9.24 billion tons (67.7 billion barrels) of oil and 88.3 tcm of natural gas.[3] Overall, Russia estimates that these areas have up to 10 trillion tons of hydrocarbon deposits, the equivalent of 73 trillion barrels of oil.[4]
In addition to oil and gas, the Arctic seabed may contain significant deposits of valuable metals and precious stones, such as gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, platinum, tin, zinc, and diamonds. The rise of China, India, and other developing countries has increased global demand for these commodities.[5]
Alaska 's North Slope. Alaska's North Slope contributes significantly to U.S. oil production and could supply more. The North Slope is the region of Alaska from the Canadian border on the east to the Chukchi Sea Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) on the west. It includes the Chukchi Sea OCS, the Beaufort Sea OCS, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), the Central Arctic (the region between the Colville and Canning Rivers), and the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska.[6] (See Map 2.)
Between 1977 and 2004, the Prudhoe Bay oil field on the North Slope produced more than 15 billion barrels of oil. By 1988, Prudhoe Bay was accounting for more than 25 percent of U.S. crude oil production. However, Prudhoe Bay oil field is currently in steep decline.[7] A U.S. Department of Energy report found that the North Slope has potentially 36 billion barrels of oil and 3.8 tcm of natural gas, close to Nigeria's proven reserves. The report also estimates that the Chukchi Sea OCS and the Beaufort Sea OCS hold combined energy reserves of 14 billion barrels of oil and about 2 tcm of natural gas.[8]
Furthermore, these reserves are even more attractive because their development is less limited by federal, state, and local legislation, as is the case with ANWR, and are thus more accessible to drilling.[9]
To enhance U.S. energy security, America should expand domestic oil production. America remains the only oil-producing nation on earth that has placed a significant amount of its reserves out of reach.[10] Until recently, potentially large U.S. natural gas deposits have been off limits.[11] For instance, ANWR holds potential reserves of about 10 billion barrels of petroleum.[12] Such reserves could lead to an additional 1 million barrels per day in domestic production, which could be transported south through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, which has a spare capacity of 1 million barrels per day. An additional 1 million barrels per day would save the U.S. $123 billion in petroleum imports, create $7.7 billion in new economic activity, and generate 128,000 new jobs.[13]
Methane Hydrates. Large methane hydrate deposits are located on the deep seabed of the Arctic Ocean.[14] Methane hydrates are a solid form of natural gas and have 3,000 times the concentration of methane found in the atmosphere.[15] While no technology currently exists to mine methane clusters, the capability appears to be just over the horizon. The U.S. and Japan have agreed to cooperate in researching and developing commercial methane hydrate processing with the goal of selling gas from methane hydrates by 2018.[16] The South Korean Ministry of Energy has also announced that it will work with the U.S. in exploring and developing methane hydrate deposits to develop a commercially viable energy source. Seoul is also hoping to participate in the U.S.-sponsored Alaska North Slope project in 2009 to test the viability of using methane hydrates as an energy source.[17]
Global Oil Supply and the Demand "Crunch." Arctic oil and gas resources have become increasingly important given the tight energy market. Escalating demand for energy in 2001–2008, stagnating supply, political instability, growing resource nationalism, terrorism, and ethnic conflict have combined into a perfect storm of a global supply and demand crunch.[18] This crunch has been reflected in high oil prices ($147 per barrel in July). While oil prices have since retreated to less than $70 per barrel due to the financial crisis, global energy markets are expected to remain tight for the long-term as the fundamentals remain largely the same (i.e., rising demand in emerging markets and flattening supply). While these trends bode ill for energy security, the resources in the Arctic offer a glimmer of hope.
U.S. Energy Supplies. Developing oil deposits in the Arctic is strategically important because the region is not beset by religious, ethnic, or social strife and resource nationalism that plague oil-producing countries in the Middle East, West Africa, and Latin America. One way to reduce U.S. dependency on foreign oil is to develop Arctic oil fields. Such development would lower prices in the international oil market, even after accounting for the time lag for bringing new oil fields online. Moreover, the rich oil and gas deposits in Alaska's North Slope and in the U.S. offshore Arctic territories could further increase U.S. energy supply by guaranteeing availability of additional domestic energy supplies in the time of a national emergency.[19]
Liquefied Natural Gas. U.S. demand for natural gas is growing because generating electric power using natural gas is cleaner and more efficient than with coal or oil. Natural gas production in the U.S. and Canada has not kept pace with the rising demand and is "flattening out" or declining.[20]
In 2004, former Chairman of the Federal Reserve Alan Greenspan saw increased imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a solution, or "price-pressure safety valve," to reduce prices and fill the gap from diminishing North American gas supply.[21] However, LNG imports have so far proven expensive in meeting growing demand. The price of natural gas abroad is nearly double the price in the U.S., so LNG flows to other buyers who are willing to pay higher prices, such as in Japan.
As Royal Dutch Shell's executive director of gas and power Linda Cook suggested, U.S. domestic production of natural gas could run 15–20 billion cubic feet per day below domestic demand by 2025.[22] However, augmented LNG production from the Arctic could help to meet future demand and to reduce gas prices in the domestic market, which would benefit industry and consumers.
Opening the Arctic Outer Continental Shelf. In a timely move prompted by the current demand, the Mineral Management Service in the U.S. Department of the Interior has started offering oil and gas lease sales for drilling rights in the Outer Continental Shelf in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. For example, the Chukchi Sea Lease Sale in February 2008 was the first OCS lease sale in 17 years.[23]
International corporations are now flocking to the High North. BP is developing a drilling project known as Liberty in the OCS. In February 2008, Royal Dutch Shell paid $2.1 billion for 275 lease blocks in the Chukchi Sea Lease Sale 193. At the February 2008 lease sale, Norway's StatoilHydro and Italy's ENI were the high bidders on a number of blocks. In total, seven companies participated in the Chukchi Sea Lease Sale, which spanned an area covering 5,354 blocks.[24] In the future, these and other projects on the Arctic Outer Continental Shelf could deliver gas to the lower 48 states through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and the Canadian Mackenzie Valley Pipeline.
U.S. Claims in the Arctic
The U.S. relies on its sovereign power and diplomacy when pursuing territorial claims in the Arctic. The United States is not a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Treaty (LOST) and therefore is not bound by any procedures and determinations concluded through LOST instruments. Instead, the U.S. is pursuing its claims "as an independent, sovereign nation," relying in part on Harry S. Truman's Presidential Proclamation No. 2667, which declares that any hydrocarbon or other resources discovered beneath the U.S. continental shelf are the property of the United States.[25] The U.S. can defend its rights and claims through bilateral negotiations and in the multilateral venues such as through the Arctic Ocean Conference in May 2008, which met in Ilulissat, Greenland.
Many have argued, including the Bush Administration, that the U.S. will not have leverage or a "seat at the table" to pursue or defend its Arctic claims on condition that the U.S. is not a party to LOST. However, U.S. attendance at the conference in Ilulissat significantly weakened this argument. Even though the U.S. is not a LOST party, other Arctic nations "are unable to assert credible claims on U.S. territory in the Arctic or anywhere else in the world" because President Truman already secured U.S. rights to Arctic resources with his proclamation.[26]
Yet to protect its rights, the U.S. needs to know how far its claims stretch into the Arctic Ocean. The U.S. has been mapping the bottom of the Arctic Ocean and the Outer Continental Shelf since 2003.[27] Mapping is essential to determining the extent of the U.S. OCS and determining whether the U.S. has any legitimate claims to territory beyond its 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone. Despite ongoing U.S. efforts to chart the bottom of the Arctic Ocean, mapping efforts have been inadequate. According to a National Research Council report in 2007, the U.S. continental shelf and the Northwest Passage have not yet been entirely mapped.[28] Mapping is also important for disputing any conflicting claims by other Arctic nations. For example, the U.S. and Canada have likely claimed some of the same parts of the continental shelf.[29] Mapping data will also help to determine whether Russian claims conflict with U.S. and Canadian claims.
The expedition undertaken by the icebreaker USCGC Healy in the Chukchi Sea focused on surveying an area 400 to 600 miles north of Alaska and cost about $1.2 million—a pittance compared to the billions of dollars of Arctic natural resources that are at stake. The survey indicated that the foot or lowest part of the Alaskan continental shelf stretches more than 100 miles beyond what was previously thought, thus expanding the U.S. claim.[30]
The U.S. requires a modern flotilla of icebreakers to conduct mapping and to sustain U.S. claims. The U.S. currently has only three icebreakers that belong to the Coast Guard, of which only the Healy (commissioned in 2000) is relatively new. The other two icebreakers, while heavier than the Healy and thus capable of breaking through thicker ice, are at the end of their designed service life after operating for about 30 years. Yet even if the U.S. begins now, it will be eight to 10 years before a new icebreaker can enter service, and no money has been allocated to build a new-generation heavy icebreaker.[31]
Russian Claims
After its invasion of Georgia, Russia has clearly hardened its international posture and is increasingly relying on power, not international law, to settle its claims. Moscow has also intensified its anti-American policies and rhetoric and is likely to challenge U.S. interests whenever and wherever it can, including in the High North.
Russia takes its role as an Arctic power seriously. In 2001, Russia submitted to the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea a formal claim for an area of 1.2 million square kilometers (460,000 square miles) that runs from the undersea Lomonosov Ridge and Mendeleev Ridge to the North Pole. This is roughly the combined area of Germany, France, and Italy.[32] The U.N. commission did not accept the claim and requested "additional data and information."[33] Russia responded by sending a scientific mission of a nuclear-powered icebreaker and two mini-submarines to the area. During this meticulously organized media event, the mission planted the Russian flag on the ocean's floor at the Lomonosov Ridge after collecting soil samples that supposedly prove that the ridge is part of the Eurasian landmass. During the mission, Deputy Chairman of the Russian Duma Artur Chilingarov, the veteran Soviet explorer heading the scientific expedition, declared, "The Arctic is ours and we should demonstrate our presence."[34] Such statements run counter to the spirit and potential of international cooperation and seem inappropriate for a scientific mission.
The U.S. has objected to these claims and stated that they have "major flaws." Professor Timo Koivurova of the University of Lapland in Finland stated that "oceanic ridges cannot be claimed as part of the state's continental shelf."[35] Russia intends to resubmit its claim by 2009.[36]
Russia is also moving rapidly to establish a physical sea, ground, and air presence in the Arctic. In August 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a law that allows "the government to allocate strategic oil and gas deposits on the continental shelf without auctions." The law restricts participation to companies with five years' experience in a region's continental shelf and in which the government holds at least a 50 percent share, effectively allowing only state-controlled Gazprom and Rosneft to participate.[37] President Medvedev also featured the Arctic prominently in the new Russian Foreign Policy Concept, which states: "In accordance with the international law, Russia intends to establish the boundaries of its continental shelf, thus expanding opportunities for exploration and exploitation of its mineral resources."[38]
During 2008, Russian icebreakers have constantly patrolled in the Arctic. Russia has 18 operational icebreakers, the largest flotilla of icebreakers in the world.[39] Seven are nuclear, including the 50 Years of Victory, the largest icebreaker in the world.[40] Russia is planning to build new nuclear-powered icebreakers starting in 2015. Experts estimate that Russia will need to build six to 10 nuclear icebreakers over the next 20 years to maintain and expand its current level of operations.[41] Russia's presence in the Arctic will allow the Kremlin to take de facto possession of the underwater territories currently in dispute.
In addition to icebreakers, Russia is constructing an Arctic oil rig in the northern shipbuilding center of Severodvinsk, which will be completed by 2010. The rig will be the first of its kind, capable of operating in temperatures as low as minus 50 degrees Celsius (minus 58 degrees Fahrenheit) and withstand the impact of ice packs. The new rig was commissioned by the state-controlled Gazprom and demonstrates that Russia is serious about oil exploration in the Arctic.[42]
Russia's Polar Saber Rattling
In August 2007, shortly after sending the scientific expedition to the Arctic ridge, then Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered the resumption of regular air patrols over the Arctic Ocean. Strategic bombers including the turboprop Tu-95 (Bear), supersonic Tu-160 (Blackjack), and Tu-22M3 (Backfire) and the long-range anti-submarine warfare patrol aircraft Tu-142 have flown patrols since then.[43] According to the Russian Air Force, the Tu-95 bombers refueled in-flight to extend their operational patrol area.[44] Patrolling Russian bombers penetrated the 12-mile air defense identification zone surrounding Alaska 18 times during 2007.[45] Since August 2007, the Russian Air Force has flown more than 90 missions over the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans.[46]
The Russian Navy is also expanding its presence in the Arctic for the first time since the end of the Cold War.[47] Lieutenant General Vladimir Shamanov, head of the Defense Ministry's combat training department, said that the Russian Navy is increasing the operational radius of the Northern Fleet's submarines and that Russia's military strategy might be reoriented to meet threats to the country's interests in the Arctic, particularly with regard to its continental shelf. Shamanov said that "we have a number of highly-professional military units in the Leningrad, Siberian and Far Eastern military districts, which are specifically trained for combat in Arctic regions."[48]
On July 14, 2008, the Russian Navy announced that its fleet has "resumed a warship presence in the Arctic." These Arctic naval patrols include the area of the Spitsbergen archipelago that belongs to Norway, a NATO member. Russia refuses to recognize Norway's right to a 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone around Spitsbergen. Russia deployed an anti-submarine warfare destroyer followed by a guided-missile cruiser armed with 16 long-range anti-ship cruise missiles designed to destroy aircraft carriers.[49]
The resumption of Cold War–style patrols and increased naval presence in the Arctic is in keeping with Moscow's more forward posture and is intended to increase its leverage vis-à-vis territorial claims. Moscow is taking a dual approach of projecting military power while invoking international law. Regarding the naval deployments near Spitsbergen, the Russian Navy stated:
Sorties of warships of the Northern Fleet will be made periodically with a necessary regularity. All actions of the Russian warships are fulfilled strictly in accordance with the international maritime law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.[50]
At a meeting of the Russian government's Maritime Board in April 2008, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov backed a policy of settling territorial disputes in the region with the countries bordering the Arctic through cooperation. First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov, who is now deputy prime minister, stressed at the meeting that Russia observes the international law on the matter through adherence to "two international conventions": the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf, signed by Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia, and the U.S., and the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea.[51]
While paying lip service to international law, Russia's ambitious actions hearken back to 19th-century statecraft rather than the 21st-century law-based policy and appear to indicate that the Kremlin believes that credible displays of power will settle the conflicting territorial claims. By comparison, the West's posture toward the Arctic has been irresolute and inadequate.
Arctic Sea-Lanes
The Arctic Ocean has two main sea routes that are open to shipping for about five months of the year with the help of icebreakers: the Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage. (See Map 1.)
The Northern Sea Route links the Barents Sea in the west with the Chukchi Sea to the east and services isolated settlements along Russia's long Arctic coastline. If the Arctic ice cap continues to shrink, it will become a major route for international shipping.[52] A Northern Sea Route that is navigable longer would make the transportation of commodities to international markets easier and significantly reduce transportation costs between the Pacific Rim and Northern Europe (and Eurasia).
A Russian Information Agency Novosti political commentator argued:
The country that dominates this sea lane will dictate its terms to the developers of the shelf deposits and will see the biggest gains from the transportation of raw materials to the Pacific and the Atlantic. These include billions of tons of oil and trillions of cubic meters of gas, not to mention other minerals in which the local lands abound.[53]
Another Russian expert similarly lamented, "If we do not start immediately reviving the Arctic transportation system, voyages on the Northern Sea Route will be led by the Japanese or the Americans."[54]
The Northwest Passage runs through Canada's Arctic archipelago. If the polar ice cap continues to recede, the Northwest Passage will become a major shipping lane for international trade between Europe and Asia, cutting transit times substantially. Currently, navigation is possible along the Northwest Passage during a seven-week period with the use of icebreakers.[55]
According to a report by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, by 2050 "[t]he Northwest Passage through the Canadian Archipelago and along the coast of Alaska will be ice-free and navigable every summer by non-icebreaking ships."[56]
Use of the Northwest Passage is a contentious issue between the United States and Canada. The U.S. argues that "it is a strait for international navigation" because it regards the Northwest Passage as international waters. Canada, on the other hand, claims that the straits of the sea route are "inland seas" falling under Canadian sovereignty.[57] Resolving this dispute amicably is essential for both countries to benefit from further economic and security cooperation.
International Cooperation
The United States has a strong interest in cooperating with its Arctic neighbors, especially Canada, in developing offshore oil and gas fields and policing the region. Canada is a close NATO ally and a reliable oil and natural gas supplier to the United States. Canada also maintains a very friendly investment climate compared to other energy-producing nations. Opening the Arctic is a major opportunity for U.S. and Canadian companies to enhance the energy security of North America.
At a recent conference, Robert McLeod, former minister of energy of Canada's Northwest Territories, said that exploitation of the oil and gas resources in the Arctic would improve North American energy security and that "[t]he combined northern gas reserves in Canada and the United States could supply southern markets in Canada and the United States with 8 billion cubic feet per day."[58]
Opportunities also exit for cooperation in defense and national security. As during the Cold War, the U.S. could work with its NATO partners in the Arctic region. This is already taking place at the U.S. Air Force base in Thule, Greenland, under bilateral agreements between the U.S. and Denmark that facilitate this cooperation. The U.S. and Canadian Coast Guards resupply the Thule Air Base.[59] The most important example of U.S.–Canadian defense cooperation is the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). The Alaskan NORAD Region is regaining its former relevance with the Russian bomber incursions.[60]
Warmer ocean temperatures and a smaller ice cap would also provide increased opportunities for U.S.–Canadian maritime cooperation in combating potential terrorist operations and unlawful navigation. Moreover, warming of the northern portion of the Bering Sea may induce the migration of fish to the Arctic Ocean, opening opportunities for joint fishing regulation.[61] With the North Pacific already suffering from extensive poaching, unlawful fishing could become a problem. Joint law enforcement coordination for commercial fishing will be increasingly important.
Reestablishing the U.S. Arctic Presence
The U.S. needs to revitalize its Arctic policy, beginning by elevating U.S. Arctic policy from its third-tier status. Specifically, the United States should:
As an Arctic nation, the United States has significant geopolitical and geo-economic interests in the High North. The U.S. should not only have a place at the table, but also seek a leadership role in navigating the nascent challenges and opportunities, such as disputes over the Outer Continental Shelf, the navigation of Arctic sea-lanes, and commercial development of natural resources and fisheries.
To play this role and to vindicate its interests, the U.S. needs to continue swiftly mapping the Arctic, build a modern U.S. icebreaker fleet, and work with its Arctic partners in bilateral and multilateral venues. The U.S. needs to revitalize its Arctic policy and commit the necessary resources to sustain America's leadership role in the High North.
Ariel Cohen, Ph.D., is Senior Research Fellow in Russian and Eurasian Studies and International Energy Security and Lajos F. Szaszdi, Ph.D., is a Researcher in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, a division of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, at The Heritage Foundation. Jim Dolbow is a defense analyst and a member of the Editorial Board at the U.S. Naval Institute.
Show references in this report
[1] Jad Mouawad, "Oil Survey Says Arctic Has Riches," The New York Times, July 24, 2008, at http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/24/business/24arctic.html (July 24, 2008), and Joe Carroll, "Arctic May Hold 90 Billion Barrels of Oil, U.S. Says," Bloomberg.com, July 23, 2008, at http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601082 (October 14, 2008).
[2] Scott G. Borgerson, "Arctic Meltdown," Foreign Affairs, March/April 2008, at http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080301faessay87206/
scott-g-borgerson/arctic-meltdown.html (March 25, 2008).
[3] Mikhail Krutikhin, "Arctic Ocean Prospects," Kommersant, May 30, 2008, at http://www.kommersant.com/p897663/Expert_shares_his_view_of
_possible_oil_mining_in_the_Arctic_zone (June 2, 2008).
[4] Richard A. Lovett, "Russia's Arctic Claim Backed by Rocks, Officials Say," National Geographic News, September 21, 2007, at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/pf/47871933.html (March 31, 2008).
[5] Kevin Krajick, "Race to Plumb the Frigid Depths," Science, Vol. 315, No. 5818 (March 16, 2007), pp. 1525–1528, and Borgerson, "Arctic Meltdown."
[6] U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Alaska North Slope Oil and Gas: A Promising Future or an Area in Decline? August 2007, pp. vii, at http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/publications/
EPreports/ANSFullReportFinalAugust2007.pdf (June 30, 2008). The only area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge where oil and gas prospecting and future production might take place is the 1002 Area, which has potentially large oil and gas deposits. The area consists of 1.5 million acres of coastal plain. Any oil or gas production in ANWR would require authorization by Congress. See U.S. Geological Survey, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 Area, Petroleum Assessment, 1998, Including Economic Analysis, April 2001, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0028-01/fs-0028-01.pdf (October 21, 2008), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Management of the 1002 Area Within the Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain," September 12, 2008, at http://arctic.fws.gov/1002man.htm (October 21, 2008).
[7] U.S. Department of Energy, Alaska North Slope Oil and Gas, p. vii.
[8] Ibid., p. vii-viii. The report estimates that the Chukchi Sea OCS has 10 billion barrels of oil and 1.4 tcm of natural gas and that the Beaufort Sea OCS has 4 billion barrels of oil and 0.57 tcm of gas. Nigeria has proved oil reserves of 37.3 billion barrels. See Central Intelligence Agency, "Rank Order—Oil—Proved Reserves," The World Factbook, updated October 23, 2008, at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2178rank.html (July 11, 2008).
[9] U.S. Department of Energy, Alaska North Slope Oil and Gas, p. vii. The Minerals Management Service defines the Outer Continental Shelf as "the submerged lands subsoil, and seabed, lying between the seaward extent of the State's jurisdiction and the seaward extent of Federal jurisdiction." U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, "Outer Continental Shelf—Definition," at http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ocsdef.htm (July 14, 2008).
[10] Ben Lieberman, "Falling Oil Prices: Useful Lessons from the Slump at the Pump," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 2106, October 17, 2008, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm2106.cfm.
[11] Ben Lieberman, "Lower Home Heating Bills by Increasing Domestic Energy Supplies," September 19, 2008, Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 2067, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm2067.cfm.
[12] David W. Kreutzer, "The Economic Case for Drilling Oil Reserves," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 2093, October 1, 2008, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm2093.cfm. Potential oil reserves in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge can be considerable. A U.S. Geological Survey report in 1998, updated in 2001, was based on "3 years of study" in the ANWR 1002 Area alone where "new field studies were conducted, new well and sample data were analyzed, and new geophysical data were acquired." The estimated reserves of technically recoverable oil range from 5.7 billion to 16 billion barrels in all of the ANWR 1002 Area, "with a mean value of 10.4 billion barrels." U.S. Geological Survey, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 Area, Petroleum Assessment, 1998, Including Economic Analysis.
[13] Kreutzer, "The Economic Case for Drilling Oil Reserves."
[14] Krajick, "Race to Plumb the Frigid Depths."
[15] Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, "Arctic," updated October 18, 2004, at http://www.bgr.de/ecord/index.html?/ecord/polar_oceans/arctic_ocean.htm (March 18, 2008); Michael D. Max, Jürgen Mienert, Karin Andreassen, and Christian Berndt, "Gas Hydrate in the Arctic and Northern North Atlantic Oceans," in Michael D. Max, ed., Natural Gas Hydrate in Oceanic and Permafrost Environments (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003), pp. 175–176, 178, and 180–82; and N. N. Lebedeva-Ivanova and D. G. Gee, "Crustal Structure of the Podvodnikov Basin," Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 7 (2005).
[16] "US and Japan Agree to Joint Methane Hydrate Study," Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections, June 16, 2008, at http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/ntn82505.htm (June 16, 2008).
[17] "South Korea and US Warm to Gas Hydrates," Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections, May 15, 2008, at http://www.gasandoil.com/ goc/news/ntn82082.htm (July 7, 2008).
[18] Ariel Cohen and Owen Graham, "What Is Driving the High Oil Prices?" Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 1951, June 9, 2008, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm1951.cfm.
[19] Paul Ziff, "Cross-Border Regulatory Collaboration in Its Context: Energy Balances and Energy Policy," Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Canada Institute One Issue, Two Voices No. 2 (September 2004), p. 12, at http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF1D90.pdf (October 16, 2008).
[20] Daniel Yergin and Michael Zenker, "A New Challenge for the U.S.–Canadian Natural Gas Industry," Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Canada Institute One Issue, Two Voices No. 2 (September 2004), p. 17, at http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF1D90.pdf (October 16, 2008).
[21] Ann Davis and Russell Gold, "Surge in Natural-Gas Price Stoked by New Global Trade," The Wall Street Journal, April 18, 2008, p. A1.
[22] Ibid.
[23] "MMS Calls for Information and Nominations of Next Arctic Lease Sale," Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections, September 25, 2007, at http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/ntn73932.htm (June 16, 2008), and "Alaskan Oil and Gas Blocks for Sale," Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections, February 4, 2008, at http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/ntn80617.htm (June 16, 2008).
[24] "Shell Bids for 275 Blocks Offshore Alaska," Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections, March 4, 2008, at http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/company/cnn81088.htm (June 27, 2008); "StatoilHydro High Bidder on 16 Leases in Alaska Lease Sale," Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections, March 4, 2008, at http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/company/cnn81086.htm (October 14, 2008); and "ENI Wins 18 Exploration Blocks in Alaskan Lease Sale," Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections, March 4, 2008, at http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/company/cnn81084.htm (June 27, 2008).
[25] Steve Groves, "LOST in the Arctic: The U.S. Need Not Ratify the Law of the Sea Treaty to Get a Seat at the Table," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 1957, June 16, 2008, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/InternationalLaw/wm1957.cfm, and Harry S. Truman, "Policy of the United States with Respect to the Natural Resources of the Subsoil and Sea Bed of the Continental Shelf," Presidential Proclamation No. 2667, September 28, 1945, at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12332 (October 15, 2008).
[26] Groves, "LOST in the Arctic."
[27] Krajick, "Race to Plumb the Frigid Depths"; U.S. State Department, "Defining the Limits of the U.S. Continental Shelf," at http://www.state.gov/g/oes/continentalshelf (October 15, 2008).
[28] U.S. State Department, "Defining the Limits of the U.S. Continental Shelf," and Mark Galeotti, "Cold Calling," Jane's Intelligence Review, Vol. 20, No. 10 (October 2008), p. 9.
[29] Jeannette J. Lee, "New Seafloor Maps May Bolster U.S. Arctic Claims," National Geographic News, February 12, 2008, at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/02/080212-AP-arctic-grab.html (June 16, 2008).
[30] Ibid., and Nicholas Kralev, "U.S. Pursues Arctic Claim," The Washington Times, May 13, 2008, at http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/may/13/us-pursues-arctic-claim (October 15, 2008).
[31] Amy McCullough, "Coast Guard Gets $30M to Overhaul Icebreaker," Navy Times, October 17, 2008, at http://www.navytimes.com/news/2008/10/cg_polarstar_101608w (October 21, 2008); National Research Council of the National Academies, Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs (Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2007), p. 15; Borgerson, "Arctic Meltdown"; and Sandi Doughton, "Aging Fleet Slows U.S. in Arctic 'Chess Game,'" The Seattle Times, September 20, 2007, at http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003893175_icebreakers20m.html (August 1, 2008).
[32] Dave Sloggett, "Climate Change Offers Planners New Horizons," Jane's Defence Weekly, August 22, 2007, p. 23, and Lovett, "Russia's Arctic Claim Backed by Rocks, Officials Say."
[33] U.N. Office of Legal Affairs, Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, "Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles from the Baselines," updated November 15, 2004, at http://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/submission_rus.htm (August 5, 2008).
[34] Robert Amsterdam, "The Arctic Claim," August 3, 2007, at http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2007/08/the_arctic_claim.htm (October 15, 2008), and Max Delany, "Gas and Glory Fuel Race for the North Pole," The St. Petersburg Times, July 31, 2007, at http://www.sptimesrussia.com/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=22491 (October 21, 2008).
[35] Kralev, "U.S. Pursues Arctic Claim."
[36] Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russia to Submit Claim to Arctic Shelf to UN by 2009," July 8, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/world/20080708/113508863.html (July 8, 2008).
[37] Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Medvedev Signs Law to Allot Off-Shore Deposits Without Auctions," August 18, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080718/114359207.html (August 5, 2008).
[38] Dmitry Medvedev, "The Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation," Executive Office of the President of the Russian Federation, July 12, 2008, at http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/text/docs/2008/07/204750.shtml (September 4, 2008).
[39] Galeotti, "Cold Calling," p. 12; Doughton, "Aging Fleet Slows U.S. in Arctic 'Chess Game.'" Another source reports that Russia has 20 icebreakers. See McCullough, "Coast Guard Gets $30M to Overhaul Icebreaker."
[40] BarentsObserver.com, "Russia to Build New Icebreakers," October 17, 2008, at http://barentsobserver.com/russia-to-build-new-icebreakers.4519572.html (October 21, 2008); Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russia Tests Nuclear Icebreaker on Open Sea," Space War, February 7, 2007, at http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Russia_
Tests_Nuclear_Icebreaker_On_Open_Sea_999.html (July 16, 2008), and Nils Bøhmer, Aleksandr Nikitin, Igor Kudrik, Thomas Nilsen, Michael H. McGovern, and Andrey Zolotkov, The Arctic Nuclear Challenge, Bellona Foundation (Oslo), 2001, p. 39, at http://bellona.org/filearchive/fil_The_Arctic_Nuclear_Challenge.pdf (October 15, 2008).
[41] Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russia Tests Nuclear Icebreaker on Open Sea," and "New Russian Nuclear Icebreaker 'Will Be Built by 2015,'" June 9, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080609/109670225.html (June 12, 2008).
[42] Agence France-Presse, "Russia's Putin Tours New Rig in Arctic Oil Drive," Breitbart.com, July 11, 2008, at http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=080711175151.j2k3z1z7 (July 24, 2008).
[43] Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Four Russian Strategic Bombers Patrol Arctic, Atlantic Oceans," June 20, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080620/111462629.html (June 20, 2008); "Russian Navy Planes Patrol the Arctic," June 11, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080611/110061305.html (June 12, 2008); "Russian Tu-160 Bombers Continue Patrols over the Arctic," RIA Novosti, June 11, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080611/110039789.html (June 12, 2008); and Interfax, "Russian Strategic Bombers Tracked by NATO Jets While on Mission over Arctic," June 10, 2008.
[44] Interfax, "Russian Strategic Bombers Patrolling Arctic," June 9, 2008.
[45] Rowan Scarborough, "Russian Flights Smack of Cold War," The Washington Times, June 26, 2008, pp. A1 and A17.
[46] Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russian Bombers Conduct Patrols Along South American Coast," September 16, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080916/116834364.html (October 21, 2008); ITAR-TASS, "Four Russian Missile Carriers Patrolling Arctic, Atlantic Oceans," July 9, 2008, and "Russian Strategic Bombers Continue Arctic, Atlantic Patrols," Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, July 9, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080709/113588157.html (July 9, 2008).
[47] Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russian Navy to Expand Presence in Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific,"June 10, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080610/109836278.html (June 10, 2008); Interfax, "Russian Navy to Increase Presence in Atlantic, Pacific, Northern Latitudes—Defense Ministry," June 10, 2008; and Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russia Prepares for Future Combat in the Arctic," June 24, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080624/111915879.html (June 24, 2008).
[48] Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russian Navy to Expand Presence in Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific."
[49] Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russian Navy Resumes Military Presence Near Spitsbergen," July 14, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/world/20080714/113914174.html (July 14, 2008); ITAR-TASS, "Russia Warships Resume Presence in Arctic Areas," July 14, 2008; and Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, "Russian Warship Arrives in Norway for Northern Eagle 2008 Exercise," July 17, 2008, at http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080717/114226210.html (July 17, 2008).
[50] Ibid.
[51] ITAR-TASS, "Govt to Find One bln rbls to Substantiate Arctic Shelf Claim," April 18, 2008, and Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1958.
[52] Thor Edward Jakobsson, "Climate Change and the Northern Sea Route: An Icelandic Perspective," in Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Alexander S. Skaridov, eds., International Energy, Policy, the Arctic and the Law of the Sea (Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2005), pp. 292–293.
[53] Maxim Krans, "Russia's Northern Sea Route: Just a Dotted Line on the Map?" Russian News and Information Agency Novosti, May 23, 2007, at http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20070523/65989859.html (July 10, 2008).
[54] Ibid.
[55] Franklyn Griffiths, "New Illusions of a Northwest Passage," in Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Alexander S. Skaridov, eds., International Energy, Policy, the Arctic and the Law of the Sea (Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2005), p. 304.
[56] Ibid.
[57] Associated Press, "Canada to Claim Arctic Passage," The Washington Times, August 20, 2007, at http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/aug/20/canada-to-claim-arctic-passage (July 10, 2008), and Eric Posner, "The New Race for the Arctic," The Wall Street Journal, August 3, 2007, at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118610915886687045.html (July 10, 2008).
[58] Robert McLeod, quoted in "Canadian and US Arctic Gas Resources to Improve Energy Security," Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections, June 3, 2008, at http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/ntn82388.htm (June 16, 2008).
[59] National Research Council, Polar Icebreakers, p. 23.
[60] U.S. Department of Defense, North American Aerospace Defense Command, "About NORAD," at http://www.norad.mil/about/ANR.html (July 17, 2008).
[61] National Research Council, Polar Icebreakers, p. 50.


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Warren Rd. and Detroit Ave.
Five Guys
Dave's Cosmic Subs
Deagans (new)
Moes/Jimmy Johns (new) (Rich what are these two like?)
There is even a chines take out near Marcs IIRC and an Aladdin's across from hospital.
Rich can speak to what I might have missed but damn if there isn't a fine choice of places to grab a bite and almost any kind of beer you want all within a 60 yard radius.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mad Cow: DSSP8ntball.com Big Game
Started by Hoot {MWB}, Apr 21 2009 01:36 AM
1 reply to this topic
Posted 21 April 2009 - 01:36 AM
"Not the victory but the action; Not the goal but the game; In the deed the glory"
Posted 12 June 2009 - 08:38 PM
Can't wait for this game...We'll have 3 of our own from NJ out playing with the Red side!
Captain of B.O.B. White Paintball
"Celly" the guy with a wheelchair for a #
Living Legends 6 "Most Valuable Team" for the Empire
Sponsored by: http://www.yourpbfriend.com
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Four graduate programs are currently available entirely online. Application for admission starts with the Graduate Services office. Admissions requirements for the online degrees are consistent with current graduate admissions, including an admissions application and transcripts from previously attended universities showing receipt of the bachelor's degree.
The following links will give you information about the Degree Program Online:


text:
Monday Evening-Western ClassesPosted Wednesday, August 4, 2010, at 5:43 PM
Western is held on Monday evening. We used to take 2 days to complete the show. Back in the days when my kids were in 4-H, there were over 100 4-H members attending the show. It has had a steady decline over the last 10 years or so. I am happy to say that this year has shown an increase.
I have said it before, I can't figure out why more kids don't participate. I have spoken to lots of kids that would like to, but have a hard time getting to the meetings for practices and such. Horse 4-H costs about 20$ per year, but it is a pretty hands on activity. It seems there aren't alot of parents who have the time to be that hands on. I am hoping that this coming year will show another increase. There are a ton of fun activities, and sooo many great instructors giving hours of assistance.
Bring your kids and/or grand kids!
Above: This is "Planet" a mare of mine. She is 15, and I imagine she feels she has done her "time" at the Fair with my kids. She is showing what she thinks about it!
It does get very hot. We make sure the kids stay as hydrated as possible.
Above with broken leg is my friend Sharon: She took a spill horseback almost 2 months ago, but it does keep her from doing her share at the fair. I met her about 15 years ago, when her daughter, Ginny, was 10. Ginny was in my 4-H club til she graduated High School. I am best friends with pretty much all the Moms I met that way. I just keep them for always.
Sharon is sitting with our Working Ranch Horse leader, Paula. Paula puts in endless hours to make the kids have the experience of the old ways with horses.
Above is Wendy. (who apparently doesn't love that I"m taking her picture) She is Allisyn's Mom, and my new friend for life. I'll be writing about her in 10 years while she helps at the Fair in 2020. Bet me.
Kids waiting their turn .....
This little Kill Deer was NOT happy that we were having our show so near her next. She is giving me dirty looks and trying to look very fierce. ME? I take a picture.
Shannon is another many year friend. She was finishing up her 4-H career, while my kids were in full swing. She now has a daughter, (below:black & white paint) who is showing traditionally. Shannon and I share a birth date, (tho separated by 10 years) and a ton of memories. Shannon is sitting by her Mom, Arlene, who was/is a dedicated 4-H Mom/supporter. (As was her Mom, Glenna)
Wayne gives "Hi 5's"
I have thought of a new blog. I am going to put up some pics of kids that are kids of previous 4-H members. If you are one, send me your pics!
Showing comments in chronological order
[Show most recent comments first]
Great pictures. Thank you for sharing. I too just "recovered" from yet another broken leg. Still not back 100% on my horse. This time it really hurt and I have found does not feel very good even if they say it is better (but not 100%). Broken bones are a drag. Oh well. Live to ride another day. Thanks again for the photos Jess.
-- Posted by OpinionMissy on Wed, Aug 4, 2010, at 7:55 PM
Yes, Sharon's leg is badly broken. Several little pieces...and has 2 plates and lots of screws. She will never make it thru airport security.
What happened to break your leg? That's terrible!
I'm glad your enjoy the pics...no one ever says anything, so I wonder if they even look.... but I enjoy sharing, nevertheless.
-- Posted by jessiemiller on Wed, Aug 4, 2010, at 9:54 PM
Your pictures are great! I always enjoy them. I can't wait until my kids are old enough to participate in 4-H.
-- Posted by CHandy on Thu, Aug 5, 2010, at 8:47 AM
Christina! Good to hear from you. You will be another one who participated, and soon will have your own kids participate. I can't wait for that too!
Thanks for commenting!
-- Posted by jessiemiller on Thu, Aug 5, 2010, at 9:36 AM
Jessie I always enjoy your pictures, I haven't been posting much in the past few weeks, busy with other things.
If you want more comments put something political in your blog and you will get them. HA ! I did that with my blog "Drill baby Drill" and I got more comments then ever before.........
-- Posted by MsMarylin on Thu, Aug 5, 2010, at 10:56 AM
I realize that political blogs get comments. My wish is to share what I feel is beautiful and have others see all the great things that are RIGHT HERE UNDER OUR NoSES.... in Mountain Home and surrounding areas. I love this town, this state, and this country.
I will say what aggravates me, is that if I said something ugly, I'd get comments....
But share something beautiful, and I can just feel folks shrugging their shoulders.... and yet... I persevere! Yay me!
-- Posted by jessiemiller on Thu, Aug 5, 2010, at 6:07 PM
Thank you for all of the time and energy you put in to lead these fortunate children. I appreciate that you spend the extra time to blog about the programs, and hope you spark some interest to bring more children into the program. Some of our horse leaders are absolutely gifted with thier knowledge of horses. Any child that has the opportunity to benefit is fortunate. In short, thank you for all you do. Thank you every volunteer to put in the time and effort to make this work for these young horsemen/horsewomen.
-- Posted by SharonKilburn on Wed, Aug 18, 2010, at 11:23 PM
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I am interested in this Community, County, and the beautiful state of Idaho. Most of my photos will be in Idaho, but from time to time, they will be my vacations aay from Idaho. You'll see lots of my Children and Grand children, along with others in my family. Of course there will be horses and horse related things, and things I photo'd horseback.
Hot topicsNew Beginnings
(4 ~ 10:54 AM, Dec 26)
Remembrances and our own Mortality
What Kind of People Come to a Roping?
Wedding of the Year!
Elmore County Fair 2014 and back home again


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A dog can bring such joy to owners they decide to get a second to double the fun and affection. Owners must understand the responsibilities that come with getting another dog before making the final decision.
According to VCA Animal Hospitals, an owner must consider the impact a new pet will have on their current dog. Is the current dog friendly with other dogs and enjoys socializing? Or does the current dog become possessive or aggressive of you or toys in the presence of other dogs? Is the current dog old or suffer from chronic illness? These are considerations to determine how likely a current dog is to adapt to a new dog. VetStreet.com, reports an owner must also consider whether or not the current dog is sufficiently trained. A dog who chews or digs or exhibits other negative behaviors will most likely teach the new dog the bad habits.
Another significant consideration is the additional cost of owning two dogs. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals reports the annual cost of caring for a dog ranges from $580 for a small dog to $875 for a larger breed. This accounts for basics such as pet food, proper licensing, grooming, health insurance and vet care, including dog vaccinations and monthly medication preventatives. Extras like leashes, crates, and dog beds add up quickly.
Caring for two dogs means investing more time. Owners will need more free time to train, care for and sufficiently exercise both dogs. VCA Animal Hospitals reports dogs require two 30-minute walks each day to stay healthy, although active younger dogs may need significantly more exercise. Owning two dogs can be a very rewarding experience if an owner is properly prepared.


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Skip to comments.Frank To Harvard Grads: 'You Can Call Me A F*g' Unless 'You're In The Banking Industry'
Posted on 05/25/2012 7:13:32 AM PDT by Responsibility2nd
While speaking to Harvard Graduates this week Barney Frank took time to hammer a woman who challenged him at a town hall two years ago over his ideology. He then went on to explain that legislation he was promoting would not prevent pastors from speaking their views at the pulpit. "You can still call me a fag," Frank said and cited that at the time he was chair of the Finance Committee so he "wouldn't advise it if you were in the banking industry."
(Excerpt) Read more at breitbart.com ...
Time to cue up, "Banking Queen" by Paul Shanklin!
One of the shining stars of the DemocRAT party.
Bawney, Bawney, Bawney,
I don't give a smelly Obama who you sleep with.
However, I do give a smelly Obama that you're dumber than those fudgepacks that you love to chase around.
Please, go somewhere, dive into a pool...deeply, and stay there, Obamahole.
Wow. Classy.
Typical response from Bawney the Banking Queen. Liberals love to use authoritarian threats to silence anyone who dares to challenge them.
That Frank was the head of the House Committee on Financial Services, aka the House Banking Committee, is not insignificant, not from an observer's point of view, looking for clues about the bigger picture. And the results not surprising, regardless. We are such fools. Blinded by...
Give it up for Barney Frank folks. Isn't he wonderful. He'll be here all weekend. Don't forget to tip your waitress.
OK - You're a FAG.
Having a leftist homosexual speak at your graduation simply degrades the quality of that sheepskin. Harvard joins the ranks of leftist institutions of higher learning who deliberately insults those who have the ability to think how their university has screwed them.
Why do we feel it's required to censor the word fag like this in the title: f*g ? When the homo himself used it openly....this is PC run amok!
Gee, when I think of Frank, the first thought that does not come to mind is that he is a "fag". For despite his looking at it as a badge of honor, the very idea that some other homosexual would be intimate with Bawney is more than a little gross.
As the expression goes, "Nobody loves you when you're old and gay."
This being said, all sorts of adjectives *do*, or at least *should* pop into mind when thinking of Frank.
Words like "corrupt", "anti-American", "anti-military", and "socialist"; and non-adjective expressions, such as "creator of the sub-prime lending disaster", "foister of failed internationalist schemes", and, his most recent accolade, "soon to be forgotten".
Look .... maybe we can't all agree with much of what Barney says, but I think at least we can all agree on one thing ..... Barney is one good looking dude !
Fruitcake,cum guzzling,baloney smuggling, pole smoking,queer,faggot,fudge packing, aids spreading,glory hole queen.
Oh i forgot TRAITOR!
hey, i am not in the banking industry, homo.
Nancy Pelosi doesn't speak out about that culture of corruption. He's a Nancy's boy.
The press and the DNC colluded to blame the banking collapse they created on Republicans and take the White House in 2008.
Helps usher in socialist programs if you can point to the "excesses of capitalism".
And Jamie Gorelick's name is there too.
And Helen Thomas is Miss America.
"You can still call me a fag," Frank said and cited that at the time he was chair of the Finance Committee so he "wouldn't advise it if you were in the banking industry."
Frank: "If you are in the banking industry, then you can call me your fag sex toy!"
He was at harvard? That's where all the liars and thieves evidently go to meet and greet.
Guess what Bawney you leftist pos, I can call you whatever I choose.
I'm learning that much depends upon the point of view one initially takes, if any of the recent events are to make any sense.
Our unwalled, mostly sleeping village continues to choose poorly and then celebrates their choices until the alarm goes off.
Then, hits the "Snooze" button and heads back to dream land.
Ignorance is bliss...keeping us that way is good for business. Whose?
Breitbart (Source) censored it. I followed their lead.
And on a personal note, since I am in the banking industrym I won't call him a fag. I'll call him a fart-knocking queer.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
Tamil Guitar Tab forum for all the south Indian music enthusiasts. This is a brand new forum so please help us fill it up, please share all your Tamil, Telgu etc scales / chords here.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
amaranto wrote: I imagine it stays fresher longer than the standard green
amaranto wrote:I have had a difficult time finding a Souchong with the underlying longan/dry fruity flavor
amaranto wrote: I've heard that some vendors spray on the flavor
beforewisdom wrote: Could I expect a significant improvement in taste from spending more money and going to a vendor on the web?
teaisme wrote:beforewisdom wrote: Could I expect a significant improvement in taste from spending more money and going to a vendor on the web?
Absolutely. Usually the stuff you find in co-op bulk jars (Frontier?) is low grade tea, heavily smoked since there is not much else going on.
Anyone try this?
And to get an idea of what is out there in this group of teas...
http://www.viconyteas.com/directory/tea ... chong.html
http://teaseek.blogspot.com/2012/06/ton ... psang.html
http://teaseek.blogspot.com/2012/05/why ... ng-is.html
and if wondering about proximation to zhengyan wuyi yancha area...
http://teaseek.blogspot.com/2012/03/zhe ... bohea.html
beforewisdom wrote:Can anyone recommend a particular product? I like the smokey kind, so far.
MEversbergII wrote:I recently finished a sample of this:
http://teahong.com/black-teas/7008-blac ... sance.html
I found it to be a very appealing non-smoked LS.


text:
Riviera Maya Ruin Sites
Regional Food/Cooking
D.I.Y. Island Tour
Cozumel Reef Map
Shooting San Miguel
Walk Don't Ride
Island & Reef Maps
Mainland Mexico
Cozumel Ruins
World War II Aztec Eagles Squadron Fighter Planes & Memorial
It is not generally well known that Mexico participated with the Allies in World War II, however Cozumel is home to 3 of the Aztec Eagles Squadron fighter planes which stand in proud commemoration of the brave Mexican men who served in the South Pacific. The display of fighter planes sits on the east side of the North Hotel Zone highway just in front of the Air Force airfield and runways.
The most complete information we could find concerning the Aztec Eagles and their role in the South Pacific arena of World War II is reprinted below as available from the US Department of Defense so that more will know of the valuable contribution made by the Mexican military. Be sure to stop and read the Memorial inscribed in front of the planes which pays tribute to the Aztec Eagles who lost their lives in battle.
ANAHEIM, California, Oct. 21, 2003
The more than 300 Mexicans who volunteered to help the United States kick the Japanese out of the Pacific islands during World War II are slowly passing on. Only 10 of them are still around.
Only three of them -- two combat pilots and one ground crew member -- were well enough to travel here from Mexico to be honored for their contributions by the Defense Department on Oct. 16 and 17. They were former "Aztec Eagles" pilots, retired Mexican air force Col. Carlos Garduno and Capt. Miguel Moreno Arreola, and ground crewman former Capt. Manuel Cervantes Ramos.
"Only 10 of us are still alive," Garduno said sadly during an interview at the Hyatt Regency Orange County Hotel here during DoD's Hispanic American Heritage Month observance.
The Mexican war hero said the Mexican Fighter Squadron 201, "El Escuadron 201," was composed of more than 300 volunteers 36 experienced pilots and the rest ground crewmen. The ground crewmen were electricians, mechanics, radiomen, and armament "all the specialties that are required for a typical fighter squadron," the colonel said.
The Aztec Eagles were attached to the U.S. Army Air Forces 5th Air Force's 58th Fighter Group during the liberation of the main Philippine island of Luzon in the summer of 1945. The pilots flew P-47D "Thunderbolt" single-seat fighter aircraft carrying out tactical air support missions.
We flew close air support missions for American and Filipino infantry troops on the ground, and had to hit where we saw a smoke bomb go off," Garduno said. "Otherwise, we could have hit friendly troops, because the difference in distance was about 300 yards between the enemy and the friendly troops.
""We were 31 pilots (who) went to war," said Garduno, who flew 26 combat missions and served more than 37 years in the Mexican air force. "Originally, we were 38 pilots, but two were killed in training and the others were eliminated from training. All the time we were in the war, we never got a replacement pilot. It took a long time for training, and by the time they were going to be shipped out it was too late."
The squadron left Mexico for the United States on July 24, 1944, arrived at Laredo, Texas, on July 25, and moved on to Randolph Field in San Antonio, where they received medical examinations and weapons and flight proficiency tests. They received five months of training at Majors Field in Greenville, Texas; Pocatello (Idaho) Army Air Base; Foster Field in Victoria, Texas; and Randolph. The pilots received extensive training in armament, communications or engineering as well as combat tactics, formation flying and gunnery.
This marked the first time Mexican troops were trained for overseas combat. The "Aztec Eagles" flew 59 combat missions, totaling more than 1,290 hours of flight time. They participated in the Allied effort to bomb Luzon and Formosa (now Taiwan) to push the Japanese out of those islands.
"We were trying to get three more squadrons to have a whole group of Mexican air force in the war," Garduno said. "I joined the squadron of Aztec Eagles because as a professional military man, I was dedicated to serving my country, which had declared war against the Axis. Professional men have to accept the call to duty.
They sent me to learn dive-bombing at North Island in San Diego with the Navy for eight months," continued Garduno, who noted his English, which he started learning at age 7, helped him during his military career. "But I flew only 26 missions because I had an accident and spent three weeks in the hospital."
"Garduno said he remembers Mexican President Manuel Avila Camacho saying in his welcome home speech that "your pilot comrades that are not with you because they've passed on to the hills of Mexico, you live to remember them forever."
"It was like an order that each one of us never forgot," Garduno said. "So we formed an association of veterans, called "Asociacion Mexicana de Veteranos II Guerra Mundial" (Mexican Association of World War II Veterans), which is very small now only 10 members. We remember them every time one dies. Every year we have a very important celebration on Nov. 18, which is the day we came back from the war."
Garduno, the association's president and international issues representative, has printed on the back of his business card, "This card identifies those who believe in the principles of freedom, for which veterans of many countries gave their lives. Voluntary affiliation will help to preserve their memory."
He said even today, the Mexican president, secretary of defense, air force and others support the surviving Aztec Eagles when they remember their dead on Nov. 18. The American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars, as well as British and French veterans organizations in Mexico, always participate in the observance.
"We all get together for International Remembrance Day on Nov. 10," Garduno noted. "It's just a very important day for us."
"We're very proud to have served with the Americans veterans in World War II," said Miguel Moreno Arreola, another who fought with the Mexican Fighter Squadron 201, the "Aztec Eagles," during the war.
Arreola, who finished pilot training on June 3, 1944, remembers arriving at San Antonio's Randolph Field, which, he said, at that time, was the best school for pilot training.
"Sometimes something nice happens," Arreola said with a big smile. "When I was waiting for my training, a beautiful lady arrived and said, 'Are you Arreola?' I said, 'Yes I am.' And she said, 'I'm your instructor.' "I was totally surprised because I never thought that a woman would be giving me training."
Arreola was one of 34 out of 36 pilots to pass the examinations. "We left from San Francisco on March 27, 1945, and arrived in Manila on April 30 and (were) attached to the 58th Group," said Arreola, who started out as a wingman and later became a commander. "Then they sent us about 70 miles north to one of the big islands. We arrived May 1, 1945, and raised our battle flag the second day there.
"We flew some very dangerous missions from Clark Field in the Philippines to Formosa, now called Taiwan," continued Arreola, who flew 36 missions, including two over Formosa, during his six months in the Pacific. "We saw more frequent airplanes from Japan on that 650-mile trip than ever before. But they didn't want to have combat with us, because they knew our P-47s were better than their Mitsubishis. We could fly higher and faster."
Arreola said the Aztec Eagles didn't find out until Aug. 8, 1945, that the United States had dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6. "We didn't know what it destroyed, or if it destroyed anything," he said. "Then on Aug. 9 they dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki."
After the war ended, the Mexican pilots were sent to Okinawa and placed on standby.
Arreola said the Aztec Eagles dedicated a monument in Manila on Sept. 25, 1945, honoring the five pilots who were killed.
They left the Pacific and returned home triumphantly on Oct. 21, 1945. They were greeted as national heroes in Mexico City on Nov. 18 by huge crowds, including President Camacho.
"I said to the president, the mission is over," said Arreola, who got out of the air force and flew civilian airliners in Mexico for 36 years. "That's one of the best memories I have."
But today, the enormous crowds are gone and in most cases, the Aztec Eagles are all but forgotten. "Now, we receive more attention in the United States than in our own country," Arreola noted. "We have a very small pension, not like the pension veterans in American have. We have very few dollars per month.
"But we're very proud to have served with the American veterans in World War II," he said.
Garduno said the cooperation between Mexico and the United States in World War II "to go fight and help the Allied countries was very important."
"In those days," he noted, "Mexico still had a tremendous resentment toward the United States for the Mexican War of 1846 and 1847 and for the American occupation of Veracruz in 1914 during the Mexican Civil War. So about 90 percent of the population of Mexico was against cooperation with the United States during World War II."
He said Mexican President Camacho had a tremendous opposition to cooperation with the United States. "It took the sinking of two Mexican oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico by U-boats for the Mexican congress to accept a declaration of war on the Axis," Garduno noted.
"As small as Mexico's contribution was compared to the big nations, it was very significant," he said. "We're trying to convince the people that regardless of past conflicts we had with the United States, the important thing is to be together (as we were) in the Second World War. Unity, cooperation and integrity for our beliefs in freedom are the important thing. We won the war, but we still want to be winning the peace that we've had since then.
"So our sentiments were with the United States to save the freedom that we're still enjoying today," Garduno said.
'Aztec Eagles' A Dying Breed; Only 10 of 300 Still Living
By Rudi Williams of American Forces Press Service
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Processed through Financial Transaction Services (FTS), the requisition pathway is used to request products and services that do not qualify for any other process.
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Along with items above, the following information should be included when completing a Requisition request in FTS:
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When processing purchase orders, buyers must enter a commodity code that correctly reflects the product and/or service being ordered. If necessary, the system will automatically change your chartfields to reflect the correct account number associated with the commodity code entered.
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Debates of May 14th, 2009
House of Commons Hansard #58 of the 40th Parliament, 2nd Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was nations.
- Question Period
- Supplementary Estimates (A), 2009-10
- Canada Labour Code
- Canadian Forces Provost Marshal
- Federal Sustainable Development Act
- Petitions
- Committees of the House
- Questions on the Order Paper
- Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992
- Marine Liability Act
- Family Homes on Reserves and Matrimonial Interests or Rights Act
- March for Life
- Sri Lanka
- Citizen Advocacy
- Government of Manitoba
- Brantford Golden Eagles
- Fisheries and Oceans
- Burlington Citizen of the Year
- Tax Havens
- Pakistan
- Vimala Sadashiv Dhavale
- Parliamentarian of the Year
- Create Your Canada
- City of Lévis
- Abortion Rights
- Immigration
- Taxation
- Employment Insurance
- Fisheries and Oceans
- Lobster Industry
- Employment Insurance
- Burma
- Employment Insurance
- Pension Plans
- Sri Lanka
- Foreign Affairs
- Forestry Industry
- National Defence
- Employment Insurance
- Infrastructure Funds
- Cuba
- Forestry Industry
- Border Service Agency
- Automotive Industry
- Vale Inco
- Status of Women
- International Aid
- Forestry Industry
- Science and Technology
- Business of the House
- Points of Order
- Family Homes on Reserves and Matrimonial Interests or Rights Act
- Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Region of Northern Ontario Act
- Business of Supply
Family Homes on Reserves and Matrimonial Interests or Rights Act
Government Orders
1:55 p.m.
Kirsty Duncan Etobicoke North, ON
Madam Speaker, it is up to first nations to identify gaps in laws. This bill would take away from the grassroots action, which is happening now.
Family Homes on Reserves and Matrimonial Interests or Rights Act
Government Orders
1:55 p.m.
Yvon Lévesque Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou, QC
Madam Speaker, allow me to point out that this morning we had the opportunity to meet with a first nations community which, for the first time since I was elected, underscored the fact that the negotiations between the government and their nation are being conducted in good faith. You had to see the satisfaction of these people and how pleased they were to accept this agreement. They do not think it is perfect; however, they were consulted and they contributed to the agreement. With this agreement, good faith and collaboration with the government they will achieve autonomy.
I am certain that we are seeing this approach for the first time. Unfortunately, it has already fallen by the wayside. We see this from studying the bill before us this morning. In this bill, the government has gone back to its old habits. It is developing something for the first nations that they do not want. They want to collaborate, to be consulted and to contribute to this agreement.
With Bill C-8, the government is making the same mistakes it made in the past. In January 2004, we debated Bill C-44, the forerunner to Bill C-21. Although it wanted section 67 of the Canadian Human Rights Act to be repealed, the Bloc Québécois declared that it felt that the government had not sufficiently consulted the first nations about the impact of the repeal on the communities.
The Bloc was supported by the Assembly of First Nations and the Native Women's Association of Canada.
Family Homes on Reserves and Matrimonial Interests or Rights Act
Government Orders
1:55 p.m.
The Acting Speaker Denise Savoie
I regret to have to interrupt the hon. member.
He will have the floor for approximately 17 minutes when the debate resumes.
March for Life
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Rod Bruinooge Winnipeg South, MB
Madam Speaker, today an estimated 10,000 Canadians from across the country have gathered on Parliament Hill. These individuals will participate in the Hill's largest annual issue-driven rally. This rally attracts people from all nationalities, ethnicities and political stripes. Despite differences in age, religious beliefs and world views, this group is united by one common belief: that all life has value, including the life of an unborn child.
The March for Life is an annual event that works to increase the understanding and demonstrate widespread support for all life. As chair of the multi-party pro-life caucus, I would like to thank the March for Life organizers and welcome everyone who is travelling to Ottawa for this important event. Keep up the good work.
Sri Lanka
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Judy Sgro York West, ON
Madam Speaker, the Liberal opposition continues to demand action by the Canadian government to address the humanitarian crisis in Sri Lanka. The escalating violence has resulted in the deaths of thousands of innocent civilians.
The Liberal Party is calling for the creation of a humanitarian corridor for the delivery of aid and the safe evacuation of the affected population, as well as fast-tracking new and existing visa applications for those wishing to escape the violence and join their immediate family members in Canada.
Canada must insist that the government of Sri Lanka commit to an immediate and permanent ceasefire.
Citizen Advocacy
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Diane Bourgeois Terrebonne—Blainville, QC
Madam Speaker, I would like to pay tribute to a citizen advocacy organization that is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. Parrainage civique Basses-Laurentides is part of a Quebec-wide citizen advocacy coalition that has been in existence since 1985. Its main mission is social integration.
In the lower Laurentians region, this organization provides a support program by twinning a volunteer and a person who has been marginalized because he or she is different. The goal is to return them to a normal life and get them more involved socially.
The numerous services provided are aimed at helping the individual develop his full potential, learn new skills and connect with others in the community, thereby demystifying intellectual disability.
My thanks to the staff and volunteers of Parrainage civique Basses-Laurentides for all they do with and for the young people of Terrebonne—Blainville. Happy anniversary.
Government of Manitoba
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Pat Martin Winnipeg Centre, MB
Madam Speaker, 2009 marks the 40th anniversary of the election of the first NDP government in the province of Manitoba. The NDP has been the most successful and progressive social democratic government in all of North America.
Manitoba was the first government in North America to introduce public auto insurance and the guaranteed annual income. It was the first government to have a province-wide pharmacare program. It was the first province to eliminate medical premiums. It was the first province to become North America's leading hydroelectric power.
Our party was based on the principle that our society must change from one based on competition to one based on co-operation. In that vein, I would like to recognize and pay tribute to the first NDP Premier of Manitoba, the Hon. Ed Schreyer, followed by the Hon. Howard Pawley. We now are pleased to announce the third majority victory for the current Premier of Manitoba, the Hon. Gary Doer, who is leading the province with the lowest unemployment rate in the country and zero small business tax. Hydro dams are now being built with full ownership by aboriginal—
Government of Manitoba
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
The Speaker Peter Milliken
The hon. member for Brant.
Brantford Golden Eagles
Statements By Members
2 p.m.
Phil McColeman Brant, ON
Mr. Speaker, I would ask members of Parliament to join me in congratulating the Brantford Golden Eagles.
Twelve days ago, this hard-working hockey team of high-flying Eagles swooped to victory over the Stoney Creek Warriors, eliminating the team 4-1 in games, capturing the Sutherland Cup as Ontario Junior B Champions.
Hanging in the dressing room at the Brantford Civic Centre are these words: "The will to win is worthless if you do not have the will to prepare", and prepare they did. These young men played their hearts out and have brought pride to our community. The players, coaches, owners and support staff did it: Well done.
Fisheries and Oceans
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Gerry Byrne Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte, NL
Mr. Speaker, Liberals took it upon themselves today to do what the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans refuses to do herself.
Today in Ottawa, at the request of this side of the House, we met with industry leaders and heads of organizations from Atlantic Canadian fishing industry interests. Last week, the FFAW, the Maritime Fishermen's Union, the PEIFA, and Regroupement des pêcheurs professionnels du sud de la Gaspésie, among others, called for an emergency meeting with the federal fisheries minister to discuss the crisis in the fishing industry, in particular the lobster industry.
So far, the minister has refused. She has refused to show leadership. She has refused to do her job. She has refused to stand up for this $1 billion industry. Lobster prices are at all-time lows, markets are marginalized and thousands of families are without income and facing bleak prospects in the future.
Will the minister meet with those fishing organizations and will she do it now?
Fisheries and Oceans
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
The Speaker Peter Milliken
I would remind the hon. member for Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte of my statements about personal attacks in Standing Order 31 statements and I would urge him to have a look at that before he makes his next statement.
The hon. member for Burlington.
Burlington Citizen of the Year
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Mike Wallace Burlington, ON
Mr. Speaker, Burlington's Civic Recognition Awards will take place this evening. The awards bring recognition to Burlington residents who, through devoted and energetic volunteer service, help make Burlington a great community.
I would like to extend congratulations to Mina Wahidi, who is the recipient of Burlington's most prestigious award, Citizen of the Year. Mrs. Wahidi is being recognized for her determination in making a difference in our community.
As a true champion of the needy, she helped start an agency, the Compassion Society. The Compassion Society actually had very humble beginnings. It started in 2001 when Mina offered clothing from her basement to those in need. She had one rack of clothing and one volunteer. Although the society has grown, one thing has not changed and that is Mina and her dream of helping others in need.
I congratulate Mina Wahidi, Burlington's Citizen of the Year.
Tax Havens
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Robert Carrier Alfred-Pellan, QC
Mr. Speaker, while a number of states are experiencing chronic deficits, the world's richest citizens are siphoning off their profits to places where they can stash them away and shelter them from taxes. This increases the tax burden on the middle class and low wage earners. There are more than 72 places where this tax evasion is possible: the Caribbean, Jersey, Ghana, to name but a few. As a result states are being deprived of large amounts of revenue which could have been invested to improve the well-being of their population.
While $11,000 billion is safely tucked away in these tax havens, the UN is calling for $50 billion over five years to eradicate world poverty. That amount is the equivalent of a scant 0.5% of those hidden billions. This special treatment of the most fortunate must stop. It is high time that this government followed the example of the Obama administration and passed legislation to effectively deal with the use of tax havens.
Statements By Members
2:05 p.m.
Tim Uppal Edmonton—Sherwood Park, AB
Mr. Speaker, the heavy clashes in northwestern Pakistan between security forces and Taliban militants have forced up to 360,000 people to flee their homes. A further one million people could be displaced in the coming months as the military offensive continues.
Minorities, including Christians, Sikhs and Hindus, have been discriminated against and persecuted by the Taliban. Recently, a Sikh community in the Swat Valley had to flee and about 2,000 have taken refuge in a Sikh temple, Gurdwara Panja Sahib, in Hasan Abdal. Sikhs in the nearby Orakzai province have also fled after Taliban militants demanded they pay a poll tax imposed on all non-Muslims. Many of their houses have been destroyed by the Taliban in response to the non-payment of the protection money tax.
While Canada is closely monitoring the situation and we remain concerned about all civilians in the conflict affected areas, we call upon the government of Pakistan to ensure the security and safety of all its citizens, including religious minorities.
Vimala Sadashiv Dhavale
Statements By Members
May 14th, 2009 / 2:05 p.m.
David McGuinty Ottawa South, ON
Mr. Speaker, I am honoured today to pay tribute to Mrs. Vimala Sadashiv Dhavale, a respected member of my community of Ottawa South, who passed away on January 14, 2009.
Mrs. Dhavale was born in Wardha in the Maharashtra state in India on October 10, 1920. Vimala was a good student who excelled in academic life. Inspired by this love of learning, she attained a post-secondary degree in education, and became a teacher. For over two decades in India she taught senior high school students English, history and math.
During her tenure as a teacher, Mrs. Dhavale also developed a devotion to the daily practice of therapeutic yoga after finding it had cured her of chronic asthma. She committed herself to a lifelong advocacy of the benefits of yoga, becoming a yoga teacher, giving seminars and authoring several books on the practice.
After retiring from teaching, she immigrated to Canada in 1978, obtained her nursing degree from Algonquin College and worked at Glebe Centre. There she brought her love of yoga to Ottawa's seniors community, offering classes across the city. Her dedication to seniors continued over decades. Mrs. Dhavale continued her good works until just weeks before her passing.
On behalf of the House of Commons, I offer our condolences to her sons, Vijay, Vishwas and Vivek Dhavale. Through her devotion to her family, her students, her patients and her community, she made them exceptionally proud.


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Topic: "Simply Rails 2" for RoR 2.1?
Is the book "Simply Rails 2(2nd ed. May 2008)" for RoR 2.1? Or just for RoR 2.0.2?
This is an archive from Rails Forum. Check out the new community here!
A forum for Ruby on Rails users
Pages 1
Is the book "Simply Rails 2(2nd ed. May 2008)" for RoR 2.1? Or just for RoR 2.0.2?
I don't know but I don't imagine that it would make that much difference, if it is only for Rails 2.0.2 then you could easily learn the differences after you have gotten a handle on Rails using the book.
That will waste some times. Besides I already using 2.1 and learning it with "Agile web dev with ror 3rd ed beta" book. So don't intend to roll back.
Anyone know the answer?
I never said to roll back. What I meant was that if you create the example app that was written for Rails 2.0.2 it should work in Rails 2.1 and then you can add things that are for Rails 2.1, the differences between 2.0.2 and 2.1 are not huge. The new things in 2.1 are covered well by a pdf available at http://www.rubyinside.com/rails-21-free-ebook-918.html.
My point is, the simple app you create by stepping through the agile book probably won't touch on things that are 2.1 specific as the basic framework will still work the same way, it's not like Rails was rewritten from the ground up for 2.1.
I get it now. Thanks.
Pages 1
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Red Hot Hairstyle by Mark Leeson
Wear it red and wear it hot! It's ombre on the loose once again. Black with sparks of red are truly mystifying in this smooth bob cut which is parted off the center to exhibit the details on every side. The edges are smoothed to create an in line frame around the face. The colors make it look sexy and discreetly wild while the finish make it look sophisticated and smart.
Mark Leeson


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Would it be called buried alive by tea?BioHorn wrote:I see a documentary in the making.
TomVerlain wrote:I chose 10-15 Kg, which is about 50 cakes worth. Since there are lots of cakes in varying degrees of finished, it is about right. Probably half of that is untouched and has been sitting 5 years. After looking at my last big purchase from Taiwan - probably 5Kg - I think I should have moved to the next bracket up.
I want to steal your stash just kidding maybe swap some of your for some on mine.Teaism wrote:A quick glance at the few shelves, about 150-200kg but I don't want to look further. Over 2 decades of accumulations...
Exempt wrote:It's interesting to see what people consider a lifetime of puerh. Some drink 100 grams a year, some 100 a month, and yet sometimes I find myself drinking a 100 grams a week if I'm extra thirsty I think, on average, I probably drink between 2-3 kilos of sheng puerh a year. If I live to 80 that means I will drink 155 kilos of tea starting now. Lets say I lose 10 kilos between sharing, crap tea, mold, etc. That means I need to purchase 165 kilos for a lifetime supply or 148 more kilos or 415 more 357 gram cakes. Let the buying begin


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Sarah Bassman is Cornell's client and referring veterinarian service coordinator, a position dedicated to providing additional care and service to our referring veterinarians and to our clients. Sarah's focused attention ensures that our patrons experience with us aligns with the high standard of care that we strive to deliver. She serves as a core of communication and often a liaison between clinical faculty and staff, referring veterinarians, administrative offices, and the patient's family.
Having logged much time within Cornell's hospitals, she expertly serves clients' needs and facilitates professional service every step of the way.
Sarah worked in private practice in client relations and as a veterinary assistant/technician-in-training in her years prior to coming to Cornell. Working on-site at our hospital, she provides day-to-day support where needed and assists in developing customer service standards, policies, procedures, and protocols of operation.
If you have any special needs or inquires before, during, or after the patient's visit please give Sarah a call or send her an e-mail. She can assist in the elaboration of hospital policies and functions, collection of feedback, questions, special requests, and more!


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Thursday, February 28, 2013
Database vs. Internet Poster from Gale
2 comments:
- Scot Sterling said...
To those of you who are interested in graphic design for library marketing communications, please feel welcome to view my blog dedicated entirely to this aspect of promoting library events, services and related corporate communications at: http://librarygraphicdesign.blogspot.com.
I hope you will find projects that inspire your creativity and also remind you of important issues such as what content should be included on materials when promoting library services and events to the public.
- ~Kathy Dempsey said...
Thanks for alerting us to your nice blog, Scot! Your work looks good.
If I were looking for a designer, I'd see just one drawback of your blog: I can't easily find your name anywhere, not even on your Blogger profile. That lack of transparency might be a red flag for some visitors. Just a friendly tip about marketing yourself -- people need to feel like they can trust you.
Thanks for reading The M Word!


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Plan board: Concerns about Park Street are premature
TUPPER LAKE – Planning board members called concerns premature regarding congestion on Park Street, one of the village's main business districts.
The board held a hearing Tuesday night and ultimately approved Bima's pizzeria moving from 291 Park St., the former Sarvis' Mini-Mall, to 95 Park St., where Well Dressed Foods was housed until it moved across the street recently.
No one showed up to the hearing to comment on the project, but Assistant Town Planner Mike Fritts said Jim Foti, owner of the White Birch Cafe, called him with some comments.
Fritts said Foti was concerned that "Park Street is turning into Restaurant Row," listing other restaurants there now or ones that are planned for the future. Foti is worried that there isn't enough room for parking, including parking accessible to people with handicaps, on Park Street and in the alley behind the block, Fritts said.
Foti also brought up worries about increased garbage in the alley, which he said could lead to rodents, about access for emergency vehicles there and about increased traffic in the alley if children play there.
Planning board member Shawn Stuart said he believes Foti's concerns are valid, but "I just think they're premature to where Park Street is right now."
Stuart said he recently walked the length of the main business district on Park Street, from the sports shop at the corner of Wawbeek Avenue to Stewart's Shop at the top of Mill Street, and he counted 12 vacant storefronts in that stretch.
"If there was two vacancies, I think we should take a hard look at these issues," Stuart said. "But with 12 storefront vacancies, I think we're clear sailing and should welcome any business who wants to unlock a door, turn a light on."
Board Chairman Jim Larkin said he thinks the uptown business district needs a new parking lot.
"We do need more parking," Larkin said.
Board member Jim Ellis and resident Rob Gillis both noted that there is usually plenty of parking on the side streets up and down Park Street as well as on Lake Street, which is parallel to Park.
"When you go to Lake Placid for dinner, when you go to Plattsburgh shopping, how far do you walk, guys?" Gillis said. "We get spoiled over here, that we think we have to be able to park within one block of our destination."
Magnus Stalhammer, who owns Bima's, said the building he's moving into has four corresponding parking spots in the alley, and he doesn't plan to use more than that. He plans to have his delivery drivers park in the alley to free up parking in the front of the building for customers.
"As far as parking's concerned, I don't see any problems at all as far as employees," Stalhammer said.
He said he plans to plow the alley so his drivers can get in and out.
Board member Bob Collier asked who owns the alley. People who own the various buildings on the block own corresponding parts of the alley, other board members said.
Larkin said the alley has been used by the public so long that "I don't think you could stop anybody from going in there, period."
Ellis suggested that the village government take a look at the alley and how it's maintained. The village has easements to maintain utilities in the alley, he said. Village Code Enforcement Officer Pete Edwards said village utility crews have access to the alley if they need it, but they generally leave it alone.
Ellis said the village should consider plowing both that alley and the one behind the block on the other side of Park Street. He said it would be more business friendly, and he suggested that local businesses don't get much for the village property tax money they pay. The village provides garbage pickup for residences if they put paid stickers on their garbage bags, but Ellis said you can't put a sticker on a dumpster.
The board unanimously approved Stalhammer moving to the new location, which requires approval for a change in use from retail to restaurant.
The board also approved two minor two-lot subdivisions Gillis and his family asked for after a hearing with no comment.