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Gann, Ernest K(ellogg)
Ernest K(ellogg) Gann 1910–
American novelist, scriptwriter, short story writer, and autobiographer.
Gann, a former World War II flier and commercial pilot, is known for his aeronautical adventure fiction and his autobiographical documentary on aviation, Fate Is the Hunter. Such novels as The High and the Mighty and his recent The Aviator are studies of people caught in stressful situations.
Although Gann occasionally deviates from aviation stories, he is at his best conveying the technical details of airplanes and flying within the context of the adventure story. His historical novel The Antagonists was the basis for Masada, a television mini-series.
(See also Contemporary Authors, Vols. 1-4, rev. ed. and Contemporary Authors New Revision Series, Vol. 1.)
- Rose Feld
- Frederick J. Bell
- David Dempsey
- Richard Match
- John Brooks
- Edgar L. Acken
- Charles Lee
- Coleman Rosenberger
- Riley Hughes
- The New Yorker
- Burke Wilkinson
- James Kelly
- Brendan Gill
- Pierce Fredericks
- Taliaferro Boatwright
- Martin Caidin
- V. S. Pritchett
- Martin Levin
- The New Yorker
- Brian Garfield
- Publishers Weekly
- Charles Dollen
- Brigid Brophy
- Paul Stuewe
- Publishers Weekly
- David F. Salisbury
- Michael Malone
Rose Feld
In "Island in the Sky," Ernest K. Gann, veteran airline transport pilot, tells a story that transmits the feelings, the thoughts, the impulses of men who come alive in the stratosphere. It possesses the understatement of individuals who need no words to explain actions, the poetry of airborne creatures who know the fulfillment of release from the earth.
Mr. Gann's story is concerned with the flight of Dooley and the forced landing of his plane, the "Corsair," in the uncharted frozen wastelands of northern Canada. It is concerned with the kind of man Dooley was and the kind of men who, without question, assumed the perilous task of finding him and his crew….
It is not in the description of flight alone, of flying above clouds, through clouds and beneath them that Mr. Gann excels. On their frozen lake in the midst of nowhere six men waited for life or death. One of them went, lost in a blizzard within fifty yards of his comrades, and … in describing his death Mr. Gann describes the last moments of a man who was alien on earth….
That the others didn't die was due to the miracle of the courage and the comradeship that is part of the flying man's code. There is a moment of dreadful suspense in the tale when one shares the heartbreak and the panic of five men who after a glimpse of joy are driven back to face a bitter death. Mr. Gann tells his story and portrays his people with an economy of words and emotion that mark the poet of the air. Only a creature with the earth-clinging instincts of a ground-hog could fail to be stirred by it.
Rose Feld, "The Men of the Stratosphere," in New York Herald Tribune Weekly Book Review (© I.H.T. Corporation; reprinted by permission), July 16, 1944, p. 5.
Frederick J. Bell
There have been books about the men who fly bombers, torpedo planes and fighters. Mr. Gann's book ["Island in the Sky"] is written about men who, like himself, are peacetime commercial airline pilots but who today are flying in war. Like all airmen, they live in a world apart and usually they find it difficult to convey to outsiders the sensations of existence in their island in the sky….
There is none of the high poesy of St. Exupéry, but there is fine straightforward prose that is as clean as a gull in flight….
This is Mr. Gann's first novel. In this reviewer he created a desire for more stories from his pen about those gallant men who have found their island in the sky. The great novel of the airman is yet to be written. For that, we will have to wait for the perspective of peace.
Frederick J. Bell, "The Log of a Corsair," in The New York Times Book Review (© 1944 by The New York Times Company; reprinted by permission), July 16, 1944, p. 6.
David Dempsey
Getting the mail through Dead Man's Gulch has been a profitable occupation for novelists since the days of the pony express. Mr. Gann brings the subject up to date with a novel ["Blaze of Noon"] about the pioneering days of air mail and shows that neither time nor technology has daunted the spirit of adventure which attends the delivery of a first-class letter….
Mr. Gann is at his best in transporting you through a cumulonimbus cloud, or landing you at a fogged-in airport. When the youngest MacDonald and the Girl "meet cute," however (she is a nurse with whom he falls in love while reading an eye chart), we know that the author has his eye cocked on Hollywood. From there on he sets his course somewhere between Buffalo, the airline terminus, and Southern California. The results, fortunately, are not as bad as they might be. Mr. Gann is too much of an old pilot himself to let romance interfere with the United States mail.
David Dempsey, "The Air Mail Pioneers," in The New York Times Book Review (© 1946 by The New York Times Company; reprinted by permission), September 13, 1946, p. 5.
Richard Match
The four MacDonalds, soon increased to five by marriage and depleted by air tragedy, are the heroes of ["Blaze of Noon"] Mr. Gann tells their story smoothly and well, though its tone is just a shade too slick to let you think of the author as a flyer first and a professional scribe second…. Full of daring duels with cumulo-nimbus, complete with that inevitable tense huddle around the airport radio, sweating the comrade aloft down through the blizzard, "Blaze of Noon" is prime dressed Hollywood meat, right down to and including a bathtub scene….
Mr. Gann's book is a competent novelization of the [birth of the airlines] … and a thoroughly readable story of men who "lived with valor as with a mistress." It will serve, for the time, as a monument to the heroic air era midway between the Wrights's flying machine and the B-29. Some day it will be superseded by a great novel of the air.
Richard Match, "The Shoestring Airlines," in New York Herald Tribune Weekly Book Review (© I.H.T. Corporation; reprinted by permission), September 15, 1946, p. 8.
John Brooks
[In "Fiddler's Green"] a young San Francisco dope peddler named Bruno Felkin, having murdered an underworld rival, accidentally comes aboard the Taaga. Later, finding himself some miles at sea with the boat's captain and his son, Bruno decides that this is a good place to hide out, and he signs on as a crew member. The story adumbrates Bruno's relationship with the captain's son, a fisherman who would rather be a dope peddler, and with the sea, which eventually conquers both of the young men, in its own way.
As story or theme, this suggestive material is handled with less skill and suppleness than it deserves. Bruno Felkin … is plausible enough as a small-time criminal. At sea, however, he fails to achieve the stature that Mr. Gann seems to have intended for him; he is not and never will be Ishmael. The land-bound characters … are only routine detective-fiction characters. The novel, too, has a serious technical flaw: continually insistent on plot, it nevertheless includes a series of vignettes of characters who never touch the story and therefore serve to confuse the reader.
The best of "Fiddler's Green" is its picture of the fishing life. It is intriguing to see how the author's interest perks up, how his style takes on a new cadence, every time his story moves out from the wharf to the open sea…. Unfortunately, Mr. Gann never settled whether he was telling a melodramatic story or painting a picture.
John Brooks, "Wind, Waves and Fog," in The New York Times Book Review (© 1950 by The New York Times Company; reprinted by permission), May 28, 1950, p. 5.
Edgar L. Acken
The story of Ernest Gann's fourth novel, "Fiddler's Green," tells of Bruno Felkin's jarring impact upon the lives of Hamil and his son Carl, upon his own girl, Connie, and on the men whose boats and lives centered about a commercial fishing wharf in San Francisco Bay….
The author of this tale is himself an adventurous man, whose previous novels have been about planes and flying men. He writes good adventure stories and his people are not stock characters. There is true suspense throughout the book. Mr. Gann also knows his San Francisco waterfront and makes the reader feel as if he, too, knew it.
The only letdown comes at the conclusion when, after exciting action and apt...
(The entire section is 175 words.)
Charles Lee
There is nothing stingy about Ernest K. Gann's sense of melodrama in his new novel, "The High and the Mighty."
The serious reader, if he hasn't already jet-propelled himself elsewhere, will, of course, find a twenty-second character aboard who lends a somber note to the hectic doings on plane 420: his name is Death. "The High and the Mighty" is, in a sense, a study of men and women on the edge of destruction (aren't they always?), of the thoughts they think as they are about to die, of the answers they're ready with if they could but live.
All of these people are picked with a kind of relentlessly obvious factitiousness; their ironies are leaden; their commingled climaxes have the...
(The entire section is 288 words.)
Coleman Rosenberger
"The High and the Mighty" is a novel which is notable on two counts—as an eminently entertaining addition both to one of the oldest and to one of the most recent branches of storytelling. The most recent is the literature of flight, of which the first-rate examples seem very few when it is remembered that the year 1953 will mark a full half century since Wilbur and Orville Wright achieved the supposedly impossible at Kitty Hawk. But even if the literature of flight were considerably richer than it is, Mr. Gann's taut novel of the agony of a great four-engine plane which took off from Honolulu across the Pacific for San Francisco would command attention.
The other branch of story telling to which...
(The entire section is 325 words.)
Riley Hughes
Mr. Gann's characters [in The High and the Mighty] are types—the overage pilot, the perceptive stewardess, the sinister passenger—but they are not automatons … The title, one would think, is meant to be taken ironically: the crew and passengers on the flight from Hawaii to San Francisco may be high, but they are anything but mighty by the time Mr. Gann is through with them. With the assurance of complete technical knowledge, the author takes the plane up, then gets it into serious trouble. What happens then and the varied reactions of passengers and crew to their situation and to what they have made of their lives together make up Mr. Gann's story. It's one on the toughly sentimental side; adult readers...
(The entire section is 185 words.)
The New Yorker
Mr. Gann, a forthright and thoroughly masculine writer, misses fire with ["Soldier of Fortune," the] account of an attractive American woman's lonely search through the Hong Kong underworld for news of her husband, an American photographer who is mysteriously missing in Red China. The woman, Jane Hoyt, is real enough, but the underworld she explores is much too gentle and approachable to seem true, and its chief figure, an adventurer named Hank Lee, only occasionally convincing as his author struggles to persuade us that he is an enigmatic, ruthless colossus, a kindly Samaritan, and a wistful, unsure lover, all at the same time.
"Fiction: 'Soldier of Fortune'," in The New...
(The entire section is 122 words.)
Burke Wilkinson
When Ernest Gann is at the top of his game, as he was last year in "The High and the Mighty," he is very, very good indeed. When he is in something less than top form, as in this new adventure story, the seams in his cleverly stitched plots begin to show. For he is one of the leading current creators of the formula school of novel—of the Novel of Precarious Situation. Despite the vigor of his observation and the unfailing accuracy of his technical detail, a Gann novel must rise or fall on the amount of tension which the central situation generates.
"Soldier of Fortune" has an entirely adequate if scarcely original central situation. Jane Hoyt, an attractive American girl, comes to present-day Hong...
(The entire section is 352 words.)
James Kelly
In a half-dozen previous novels, headed by "The High and the Mighty," Ernest Gann has at times effectively drawn upon his air and ground experience as a multimillion-mile pilot. The technical litany of a plane in flight. The diversely selected passengers bound by a taut situation to which they respond in diverse ways. The aloof and lonely skipper occupied with the terrible responsibility of craft and human lives. Add a bravura plot to hold dramatic material intact for passage in and out of the clouds or through the inscrutable back streets of Hong Kong and San Francisco, and the basic components are pretty well identified. Lacking the poesy of St. Exupéry, for instance, or the dazzling simple power of Capt. Joshua...
(The entire section is 414 words.)
Brendan Gill
[One] of the really big money-makers of the winter season should be "Twilight for the Gods."… Mr. Gann, who wrote "The High and the Mighty" a few years back, is a lucky fellow. He knows just who his customers are and what they like, and he serves it up to them by the platterful. The feast calls for enormous helpings and no surprises, since each course must be as easy to recognize as it is preposterous…. Mr. Gann's slapdash novel will make a terrific movie, full of wind, waves, sharks, and gruffly tender moments. If one of the usual stable of Hollywood writers had been assigned to prepare a screen treatment, he would have been hard put to it to earn his pay. This possible embarrassment has been avoided by giving...
(The entire section is 158 words.)
Pierce Fredericks
Previously a skillful producer of broad-shouldered adventures, Ernest Gann tries for something more like the Ivy Look in ["The Trouble with Lazy Ethel"] and manages to be more or less continually entertaining. His heroine this time is no member of the nubility, but a young lady with the general contours of a Notre Dame tackle. His hero (so laconic as to seem at times retarded) is a weatherman who can be loosely characterized as scared of girls….
The reader should be warned that material just about sufficient for a long short story has been pumped up to novel length, but Mr. Gann manages to keep up the fun almost all the way.
Pierce Fredericks, "Reluctant...
(The entire section is 134 words.)
Taliaferro Boatwright
Toward the middle of Ernest K. Gann's artful and satirical new novel one of his characters, a dissolute journalist, cries out: "My job is to write about the creation of the most vicious, insulting slap in the face that God has ever received from the hand of man!" In a sense, this is just what the author himself has done. For "The Trouble With Lazy Ethel," which is built around the preparations for a thermonuclear explosion at a remote atoll in the Pacific, is really a look at the people who are creating that slap. And its climax is a demonstration that the hand of God is mightier by far than the works of man….
Around the halting love affair between Adam and Margaret, the fumbling efforts of Pike to...
(The entire section is 286 words.)
Martin Caidin
In such novels as "Blaze of Noon" and "The High and the Mighty," Ernest K. Gann struck some memorable chords in the orchestration of flight. Now, for the first time, he steps from behind the shield of fiction to stand autobiographically exposed in "Fate Is the Hunter."…. It is a tribute to Mr. Gann that in his review of his own stirring years in the skies, the reader is often quick to forget that this is not fiction. Mr. Gann's subtle technique of drawing the reader into his scenes establishes a rapport between pilots and nonfliers that is rare, indeed.
Mr. Gann has chosen in "Fate Is the Hunter" to emphasize the many phases of his own flying life and those of fellow pilots…. These reminiscences...
(The entire section is 341 words.)
V. S. Pritchett
["Fate is the Hunter"] is a documentary about the pre-war days of commercial flying, first in the United States and, after, during the war, in South America and all over the world. It is an evocation from the point of view of the men in the cockpit, the pilot and co-pilot. They are shown as technicians watching their instruments and then, suddenly, as human beings surprised by peril—all four engines give out; the aircraft is lost; it runs into violent storm; it is down to a few minutes petrol; it escapes collision by 50 feet; it is pulled down by ice and so on. These jabs of Fate are unpredictable and are opposed by the pilots' luck, their individual character, their hard apprenticeship and their technical...
(The entire section is 351 words.)
Martin Levin
In ["Of Good and Evil"] Mr. Gann follows the attempts of the harassed fuzz to keep pace with crime, or at least to come out even.
Like most authors who study closely the workings of an honest police force, Mr. Gann is less suspicious of "police brutality" than of the civilian horrendousness that fills the daily blotter with maimed old men, bludgeoned cashiers and corpses of varied origin. And he pleads the cause of the cops in sincere if ponderous terms. This novel has been written before, and perhaps better …, but the subject of civic vice is irresistible—and, unfortunately, inexhaustible.
Martin Levin, "Readers Report: 'Of Good and Evil'," in The New...
(The entire section is 127 words.)
The New Yorker
Mr. Gann's novel of German and French aviators in the First World War ["The Company of Eagles"] is extremely disappointing. Considering the author, whose talent and skill were proved in "The High and the Mighty," and considering the time, the place, the circumstances, and the personalities of the two heroes involved, it should have been a very exciting and affecting story. The year is 1917, but the fifty years that have passed since then have skimped Mr. Gann's perspective instead of making it clear and rich. There are times when he seems to have been carried away by his interest in old flying machines. [Gann's two protagonists] are both brave, loyal, intelligent, and personally appealing men, but Mr. Gann's...
(The entire section is 195 words.)
Brian Garfield
At his best, Ernest K. Gann is spectacularly good. An experienced airman and a skillful narrative writer, he has staked out a claim to a thrilling pilot's sky. Readers of Fate Is the Hunter and some of his ten other books must anticipate keenly the prospect of climbing back into the cockpit beside the old master. In [In the Company of Eagles] however, he fails to prove up his claim…. The two scantily realized principals of the new book … are little more than mouthpieces for the weary statement that war is hell. (pp. 55, 58)
[The] central story is about an insignificant battle in a giant catastrophic war. And actually perhaps the only significance of a war novel today can be in the...
(The entire section is 271 words.)
Publishers Weekly
[With "The Antagonists"] Mr. Gann has attempted to write a historical novel with contemporary relevance. Masada was the last bastion of Jewish resistance after the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 A.D., the place where 960 zealots, led by Eleazar ben Yair defied the Tenth Legion commanded by General Silva and chose suicide to Roman captivity. What took place there is intensely exciting history. Not even Mr. Gann's lifeless portrayals of the main characters in his novel can diminish the intensity of the actual events. Silva is presented as crippled, drunk, in love with a Jewess and Yair as weak and dull. Mr. Gann has more success with his minor characters…. They add color to the story but not enough to...
(The entire section is 164 words.)
Charles Dollen
Ernest Gann has taken an historical event of the highest drama and turned it into fiction of high quality [in "The Antagonists"]. General Flavius Silva and Eleazar ben Yair are the antagonists of the title, and they are worthy of each other. Flavius is supremely confident in the might of Rome; Eleazar has firm faith in the power of Jahweh….
In this age, when there are few ideals that seem worth dying for (or living for, either!) it may be difficult to enter into the spirit that created Masada, or the Crusades or the Revolution. The bitter, seemingly irrational hatreds that are now tearing the mid-East asunder are equally hard to understand. It is this spirit, however, that Gann is investigating and...
(The entire section is 165 words.)
Brigid Brophy
Who is Ernest K. Gann? Critics of style will get the answer in one: a committee consisting of the ghost of Herman Melville and a North American kinswoman of Mrs Malaprop. Melville has contributed the folksy archaisms ('aloft or alow') and the whimsy: 'an aircraft waiting for the approach of its driver—hanging its head in shame'. Mrs Malaprop's American cousin has devised a startling new meaning for connive (radio signals help pilots 'twist, connive, and slip successfully between the towering cumulus') and a quite surrealistically new meaning for empirical. (p. 23)
If [Ernest K. Gann's Flying Circus] has a thesis it seems to be that modern flying, described as 'flying by the numbers', is less...
(The entire section is 271 words.)
Paul Stuewe
[Brain 2000 is a sophomoric] future-fantasy about a child genius and his efforts to avert global catastrophe. Gann's plodding style didn't seriously detract from his straight novels, but it brings this attempt at comedy down to earth with an extremely dull thud. A miscalculation best forgotten as quickly as possible, and certain to disappoint those gripped by the heroics of The High and the Mighty and Fate Is the Hunter.
Paul Stuewe, "American Thrillers: 'Firestarter', 'Brass Diamonds', 'Brain 2000'" (reprinted by permission of the author), in Quill and Quire, Vol. 46, No. 10, October, 1980, p. 40.∗
(The entire section is 92 words.)
Publishers Weekly
Author of "The High and the Mighty" and other bestsellers, Gann falls short of expectations in ["The Aviator."] It is gripping where it focuses on flying in its infancy during the 1920s and on pioneers who took the wild risks that made aviation a reality, but it only occasionally succeeds as an adventure tale. In 1928, pilot Jerry takes off northward, carrying the mail and a passenger, 11-year-old Heather. Suddenly, the plane falters and Jerry crashes into mountainous terrain. Both survive but Heather is badly injured, and here is where the story becomes steadily more difficult to accept. Heather is unbelievably precocious and self-sacrificing during the agonizing days when hopes of rescue dim; Jerry is slightly more...
(The entire section is 163 words.)
David F. Salisbury
Ernie Gann is well known to lovers of tales of the air. His classic novels "Fate Is the Hunter" and "The High and the Mighty"—and the movies made from them—captured the magic as well as the tragedy of the early days of aviation.
With his new book, "The Aviator," Mr. Gann once again explores this familiar skyscape….
In many ways "The Aviator" is reminiscent of Antoine St. Exupery's "Night Flight"—a wonderfully told story of a mail pilot in Patagonia caught in a storm. Gann cannot match the French lyricism of Exupery, but, in his own way, he does create interesting characters and put them in a suspenseful situation. One only wishes he had developed the characters more fully...
(The entire section is 161 words.)
Michael Malone
Ernest K. Gann writes best sellers about flying and fighting…. Mr. Gann's heroes, whether at war in ancient Masada or World War I France, are usually laconic, fiercely self-reliant loners, cynical sentimentalists, promiscuous with death, faithful to a pal.
Oddly, "The Aviator," seems to belong on that nostalgic cottage shelf, to have the descriptive feel and earnest tender style of popular novels written three decades ago; it might have appeared first in The Saturday Evening Post with brown-tinted illustrations, two tipped monoplanes aloft in the background, girl with windblown hair to the fore. Its subject is a favorite of Mr. Gann's: the flying world of gypsy moths in the 1920's…....
(The entire section is 255 words.)


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Jon Krakauer's literary reputation rests on insightful chronicles of lives conducted at the outer limits. In UNDER THE BANNER OF HEAVEN, he shifts his focus from extremes of physical adventure to extremes of religious belief within our own borders. At the core of his book is an appalling double murder committed by two Mormon Fundamentalist brothers, Ron and Dan Lafferty, who insist they received a revelation from God commanding them to kill their blameless victims. Beginning with a meticulously researched account of this "divinely inspired" crime, Krakauer constructs a multilayered, bone-chilling narrative of messianic delusion, savage violence, polygamy, and unyielding faith. Along the way, he uncovers a shadowy offshoot of America's fastest-growing religion, and raises provocative questions about the nature of religious belief.
Krakauer takes readers inside isolated communities in the American West, Canada, and Mexico, where some forty-thousand Mormon Fundamentalists believe the mainstream Mormon Church went unforgivably astray when it renounced polygamy. Defying both civil authorities and the Mormon establishment in Salt Lake City, the leaders of these outlaw sects are zealots who answer only to God. Marrying prodigiously and with virtual impunity (the leader of the largest fundamentalist church took seventy-five "plural wives," several of whom were wed to him when they were fourteen or fifteen and he was in his eighties), fundamentalist prophets exercise absolute control over the lives of their followers, and preach that any day now the world will be swept clean in a hurricane of fire, sparing only their most obedient adherents.
Weaving the story of the Lafferty brothers and their fanatical brethren with a clear-eyed look at Mormonism's violent past, Krakauer examines the underbelly of the most successful homegrown faith in the United States, and finds a distinctly American brand of religious extremism. The result is vintage Krakauer, an utterly compelling work of nonfiction that illuminates an otherwise confounding realm of human behavior.
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
In 1984, Ron and Dan Lafferty murdered the wife and infant daughter of their younger brother Allen. The crimes were noteworthy not merely for their brutality but for the brothers' claim that they were acting on direct orders from God. In Under the Banner of Heaven, Jon Krakauer tells the story of the killers and their crime but also explores the shadowy world of Mormon fundamentalism from which the two emerged. The Mormon Church was founded, in part, on the idea that true believers could speak directly with God. But while the mainstream church attempted to be more palatable to the general public by rejecting the controversial tenet of polygamy, fundamentalist splinter groups saw this as apostasy and took to the hills to live what they believed to be a righteous life. When their beliefs are challenged or their patriarchal, cult-like order defied, these still-active groups, according to Krakauer, are capable of fighting back with tremendous violence. While Krakauer's research into the history of the church is admirably extensive, the real power of the book comes from present-day information, notably jailhouse interviews with Dan Lafferty. Far from being the brooding maniac one might expect, Lafferty is chillingly coherent, still insisting that his motive was merely to obey God's command. Krakauer's accounts of the actual murders are graphic and disturbing, but such detail makes the brothers' claim of divine instruction all the more horrifying. In an age where Westerners have trouble comprehending what drives Islamic fundamentalists to kill, Jon Krakauer advises us to look within America's own borders. --John MoeAbout the Author:
JON KRAKAUER is the author of Eiger Dreams, Into the Wild, and Into Thin Air, and is editor of the Modern Library Exploration series.
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Book Description Jul 15, 2003. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # CB-NOPQ-LQ1R
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Book Description Doubleday, 2003. Book Condition: New. Brand New, Unread Copy in Perfect Condition. A+ Customer Service! Summary: Critical Acclaim for Jon Krakauer "Jon Krakauer combines the tenacity and courage of the finest tradition of investigative journalism with the stylish subtlety and profound insight of the born writer. His account of an ascent of Mount Everest has led to a general reevaluation of climbing and of the commercialization of what was once a romantic, solitary sport; while his account of the life and death of Christopher McCandless, who died of starvation after challenging the Alaskan wilderness, delves even more deeply and disturbingly into the fascination of nature and the devastating effects of its lure on a young and curious mind."citation from American Academy of Arts and Letters, upon awarding Krakauer an Academy Award in Literature INTO THIN AIR "Ranks among the great adventure books of all time."Wall Street Journal "Raw and immediate and devastating. It haunts me."Boston Sunday Globe "Gripping . a harrowing account."New York Times "Wrenching . lucid . it is impossible to read this book unmoved."Entertainment Weekly A great book, among the best ever on mountaineering. Gracefully and efficiently written, carefully researched, and actually lived by its narrator."Washington PostAstounding . hones t. eloquent. . Through objective and thorough research and in sparkling prose, Krakauer tells a story that arouses fury, disgust, admiration and tears.New Orleans Times-Picayune INTO THE WILD "Terrifying . Eloquent . A heart-rending drama of human yearning."New York Times "A narrative of arresting force . It's gripping stuff."Washington Post "Compelling and tragic . Hard to put down."San Francisco Chronicle. Bookseller Inventory # ABE_book_new_0385509510
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Book Description Doubleday, 2003. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. 1. Bookseller Inventory # DADAX0385509510
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Book Description Doubleday. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. 0385509510 We guarantee all of our items - customer service and satisfaction are our top priorities. Please allow 4 - 14 business days for Standard shipping, within the US. Bookseller Inventory # TM-0385509510
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Book Description Doubleday, 2003. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. book. Bookseller Inventory # 0385509510
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Book Description Doubleday, 2003. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # P110385509510
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subset: commoncrawl


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Allergies wreak havoc during the spring. Sometimes, the best cure is an all-natural one. Before running off to the pharmaceutical counter, try some of these remedies.
- Deep Breathing: Steam inhalations are nothing new for allergy sufferers. Boiling a pot of water and breathing in the steam can quickly clear the sinuses. This allergy season, try adding essential oils, such as eucalyptus, rosemary and tea tree, to ease congestion.
- Nature's Medicine: Quercetin, a flavonoid found in foods like apples, onions and grapes, is a natural antihistamine. What's more, it is an antioxidant and immune system booster. Though you can get the substance through your diet, quercetin is also available in capsules.
- Health Food: The benefits of omega-3 fatty acids know no bounds. This natural anti-inflammatory aid can be found in many fish as well as walnuts and flaxseed. Or, try something spicy. Ingredients such as cayenne pepper, wasabi and chilies are a kick to your sinuses as well as your taste buds.


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Topic: Rails Tabbed Navigation
I am making an application in which I have a navigation links(using link to remote) and I want that when user click on the links it gets change its background-color and again change its color when user click on other link.
it should just like a tabbed navigation but I only want to change back ground color. So, please help me if you have javascript which complete my task.
thanks in advance.


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Spiky mohawk hairstyle for African American women
Women can wear the mohawk and still be considered stylishly edgy and fashion-forward. Here, short, black, African-American hair is prepped and straightened, before the final styling. Sides and back are then buzzed close to the scalp, although long enough to be slicked down and not look like a buzz cut. A spine of hair is left, from crown to the back, and here, hair is sectioned several times. Each section is then cut bluntly across the edges for uniform length, then given minimal feathering. As a final touch, the sections are styled up, and in contrasting directions, for maximum movement.


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Prep spotlight
More scorching heat will clearly present a challenge for high school football teams in Week 1 of the season tonight.
Despite less than ideal playing conditions, several intriguing matchups are on tap in the area.
Humboldt will host Clarion-Goldfield in a battle of defending playoff qualifiers from Class 3A and 2A, respectively.
Manson Northwest Webster also welcomes South Central Calhoun. The Cougars reached the postseason in 1A for a fourth time in the past five years in 2012, while the Titans endured a rare losing season.
Fresh off a playoff bid in Class A, Prairie Valley opens on the road at East Sac County.
Another key game takes place in Emmetsburg, where the two-time reigning 1A state semifinalist E-Hawks entertain long-time rival Spencer.
Clarion-Goldfield (0-0)
at Humboldt (0-0)
The Cowboys, who finished 6-4 overall last fall, return 15 letterwinners, including six starters.
Juniors Trenton Sann and Joel Haberman will now see each of their roles expand after combining for 476 rushing yards and five touchdowns as sophomores. Gone from a year ago is the reliable tandem of Jake Haberman and Matt Odland, who together produced 1,799 yards and 18 scores on the ground.
Defensively, Clarion-Goldfield must also replace its five leading tacklers from 2012.
For the Wildcats, starters Brady Ross, Alex Nelson, Nikko Wheeler and Austin Zylstra are all back in the lineup. Ross, a junior, ran for 1,381 yards and reached paydirt 18 times last season en route to earning all-state honors. He also made a team-high 105 stops from his linebacker spot.
Quarterback Ben Jacobson, who now plays for Coe College, completed 87 of 172 passes for 1,380 yards and 14 touchdowns as a senior. Humboldt's top three receivers Tyler Zaugg, Matt Pogge and Garrett Nelson, who hauled in a combined 63 catches for 966 yards, have moved on as well.
South Central Calhoun (0-0) at Manson Northwest Webster (0-0)
With 17 letterwinners returning to the mix, the Titans are determined to regain their winning form.
Kyler Case – head coach Bryan's son – provides South Central Calhoun with a dangerous offensive weapon. For his career, the 190-pound senior has delivered a program-best 1,462 yards to go along with 16 touchdowns. Kyler netted 268 yards and found the endzone three times on 85 attempts in 2012.
Jake Petzenhauser, a senior, will be the starting quarterback after splitting duties with all-district performer Nathan Christensen last season. As a junior, Petzenhauser threw for 448 yards and four scores.
Linebacker Cody Schoop, another senior, will be a force defensively. Schoop contributed a team-high 85 tackles as an 11th-grader.
Manson Northwest Webster, which went 5-5 overall a year ago, brings back junior signal-caller Alex Bush, who passed for 1,419 yards and 12 touchdowns as a sophomore. Hudson Spedding, a senior, will likely be Bush's favorite target after pulling down nine receptions for 166 yards and three scores last fall.
Standouts Brennan Thompson and Brody Eischeid have departed from a year ago. Thompson spearheaded the Cougar ground charge (204 attempts, 1,128 yards, 13 TD), while Eischeid paced the receiving corps (43-508-3).
Four of MNW's top five tackle leaders from 2012 will be leaned on defensively, including seniors Ty Condon, Lucas Dolder, Braden Moser and Tanner Peterson.
Head coach Jeff Anliker guided the Cougars to a second straight 1A state track title this past spring.
Prairie Valley (0-0) at East Sac County (0-0)
Plenty of new faces will have a chance to make an immediate impact this season for the Warriors, who went 6-4 overall in 2012.
Leading rusher Mason Gordon, top receivers Cole Black and Drake Tucker and defensive stars Cory Wood, Trey Kehoe and Matt Streit all graduated for Prairie Valley, which returns just four letterwinners.
Ryan True, a junior, will receive the nod under center. As a sophomore, True was 23 of 69 through the air for 571 yards and four touchdowns.
Senior Austin Promes, who ran for 642 yards and six scores last fall, will be expected to fill the void left by Gordon.
Clayton Taylor, a senior, is also back after posting a team-best 114 tackles, including five for loss.
Following a frustrating 1-8 season, the Raiders bring back junior quarterback Ty Jacobsen, who completed 48 percent of his passes for 1,205 yards and nine scores in 2012. He also ran for 212 yards and reached paydirt twice.
Chris Villhauer, a junior, sparked ESC with 351 yards on the ground last fall, while senior Carter Niehaus managed 54 grabs for 632 yards and seven touchdowns.
The Raiders lost their two leading tacklers from a year ago in Cody McDonough and Cody Wellington, who combined for 163 stops.
Spencer (0-0) at Emmetsburg (0-0)
Tradition-rich Emmetsburg must replace a group of 15 seniors, including all-state selections Andrew Wellik, Jake Jackson, Austin McCartan, Taylor Wegner and Nick Schany.
Wellik, a current member of the Iowa Hawkeyes, accounted for a state-best 2,734 yards and 38 touchdowns on the ground last fall, while also making 46 tackles.
Seniors Allen Jensen and Brady Christensen, who combined for 953 rushing yards and 15 scores as juniors, will now be counted on to pick up the slack. As a team, Emmetsburg ranked first in all of Iowa in total rushing yards (5,122), finding paydirt 70 times a year ago.
The E-Hawks, who have prevailed in 46 of their past 47 regular-season contests, allowed just 10.8 points per game last season, while pitching four shutouts. Tanner Dahm (75 tackles in 2012) and Tyler Henson (67) anchor the Emmetsburg defensive unit.
On the heels of a second straight trip to the second round of the 3A playoffs, Spencer is looking to keep building momentum. The Tigers, who are coached by Jim Tighe – the son of legendary St. Edmond head coach Dick Tighe – feature dual-threat senior signal-caller Matt Finnern, who registered 1,718 yards of total offense and 25 scores last season.
Brady Illg (68 carries, 354 yards, 4 TD), Hunter Cushman (25-227-2) and Cody Mowery (23-200-2) are the other top threats for Spencer.
Other area games tonight: Greene County (0-0) at Perry (0-0); Ballard (0-0) at Webster City (0-0); Forest City (0-0) at Algona (0-0); Estherville-Lincoln Central (0-0) at North Union (0-0); Pocahontas Area (0-0) at Alta-Aurelia (0-0); Belmond-Klemme (0-0) at Eagle Grove (0-0); Southeast Webster-Grand (0-1) at Woodward Academy (0-0); Corwith-CWL (0-1) at Harris-Lake Park (0-0); Laurens-Marathon (0-0) at Kingsley-Pierson (0-1); Newell-Fonda (0-0) at Remsen St. Mary's (0-0); Remsen-Union (0-0) at West Bend-Mallard (1-0).


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Google Glass Edges Closer to Reality (Update2)
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Google (GOOG) Glass is closer to becoming a reality for everyday users, not just developers.
The search giant has shown off its new eyewear technology in a series of videos . Consumers can apparently use the phrase "Okay Glass" to start a slew of commands for the device. The technology comes in five colors: charcoal, tangerine, shale, cotton and sky.
Users are able to send messages, record videos, take pictures and conduct searches using Google Glass, which was first shown to the public at Google's I/O developer conference in June 2012. There are a slew of pictures on the site that show how Google Glass will look. There's also a video demonstrating how the technology feels while you're wearing it.
This could be another foray out of Google's core business, but eventually ties it back to what it does best, advertising and search. Hudson Square analyst Dan Ernst says Google is doing this to keep the long-term in mind and keep innovating. Google Glass "ties back to their core business of providing users access to information, and advertisers access to their users," Ernst wrote in an email.
Initially aimed at developers, Google has now announced that it will give Google Glass to people who can use it creatively. "We're looking for bold, creative individuals who want to join us and be a part of shaping the future of Glass," the company wrote on its Web site. Users can submit short applications to try and win the right to use the new computerized eyewear.
Google Glass isn't the company's first foray into its own hardware. As the tech giant tries to become more of a hardware company and compete with the likes of Apple (AAPL) , it has already launched its own tablets and smartphones (the Nexus line). Google has also partnered with PC makers to create computers that run off its Chrome operating system, designed to compete with the MacBook Air and ultrabooks. Last year, Google acquired Motorola Mobility and is reportedly working on an X Phone, designed to be an iPhone killer.
The Glass project shows that innovation is alive and well at Google. Brian Sozzi, chief equities analyst at NBG Productions and a RealMoney contributor, says Wall Street is underestimating what Google has in the pipeline.
"For years, Google has been perceived as investing in products that never seem to come to market," Sozzi said in an email. "But, with pictures of a self-driving car floating around the Internet, and Google Glass set for release, it's very apparent years of investment are about to be unleashed into the everyday environment."


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The cabs of more than 100 long haul trucks were outfitted with video cameras. Eye glance analysis of the drivers, as they traveled three million miles, found that when they texted, their collision risk was 23 times greater than when not texting. In the moments before a crash or near crash, they typically spend nearly five seconds with their eyes off the road. The study examined 21 crashes, 197 near-crashes, and about 4,200 other "safety-critical events" such as unintentional lane changes.
Preliminary results from a more recent VTTI study of teenagers texting in passenger vehicles show a similar risk level. VTTI director Tom Dingus says of test messaging while driving, "You should never do this. It should be illegal."
By comparison, studies using epidemiological methods have shown that drivers talking on cellphones are four times more likely to cause a crash than other drivers.
The number of text messages sent each month nationwide is sky-rocketing. It reached 135 billion in June, an 18-fold increase in just four years. The average American teen send about 2,300 text messages per month in late 2008. Almost 80 a day, and more than double the rate a year earlier. Teens, the most inexperience drivers, are also the group most likely to be texting while driving. For teen drivers cell phone conversations and text messaging are especially high-risk activities.
Material from the Wisconsin DOT
Copyright Copyright 2013 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved.


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BreathableBaby® Liner
- Overview
Crafted from an exclusive satin-trimmed breathable mesh, the award-winning BreathableBaby® Breathable Liner features patented Air Channel Technology that promotes air-flow. The result is a sleeping environment that's exceptionally safe, soft and comfortable.
- Hypo-allergenic poly mesh.
- Easy-wrap design; adjustable to fit all cribs.
- Satin-trimmed, breathable padded mesh faces infant, fastener side faces out, away from infant.
- Collapses to prevent climbing.
- Fits up to 36 months.
- Portable and durable.
- Winner 2008 National Parenting Center Seal of Approval.
- Winner 2008 Parent Tested Parent Approved "Best Product" Media Award.
- Winner 2004 iParenting Media "Excellent Product" Award.
- Images provided (left) show liner's distinct interior and exterior patterns; always fasten securely with exterior facing outward.
- Ties should always be secured tightly and positioned outside of the crib. When your child is able to pull up to a standing position, crib bumpers should be removed.
- Do not place decorative pillows in the crib while your baby is sleeping.
- Machine washable, fast drying.
- Internet only.
- Dimensions & Care
- Attaches easily with hook and loop fasteners.
- Tucks below mattress for extra protection.
- Portable and durable.
- Patent protected.
- Fits up to 36 months.
- 11" high x 180" long
- Adjustable to fit all cribs.
- Machine wash.
- Shipping & Return Info
This is a general shipping item.
View Our Shipping Information
Return Policy
At Pottery Barn Kids, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction is our priority. We carefully inspect your order prior to shipment; upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage. We will arrange for a prompt replacement. If, within 7 days for Quick Ship upholstery and 30 days for all other products, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value.
If your return for Merchandise Credit Cards is greater than $10,000, we will issue $10,000 in Merchandise Credit Cards to you that day, and then mail additional Merchandise Credit Card(s) for the amount in excess of $10,000 to you.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. We also cannot accept returns of final-sale items, which are identified by a price that ends in $0.99.
For returns of items purchased from your Pottery Barn Kids registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later.
For assistance, please contact Customer Service at 800.993.4923
International Returns: Online returns are available only for items that were shipped to the United States. If you would like to return items that were shipped outside the US, please see International Returns and Exceptions.


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Overcast ~
High: 59°F ~ Low: 31°F
Sunday, Jan. 22, 2017
What a difference a Century makesPosted Tuesday, September 29, 2009, at 11:04 AM
Just one year before we entered the 20th century, the director of the U.S. patent office recommended to President William McKinley that the patent office be abolished, based on the fact that "Everything that can be invented has already been invented." However, it would seem that this director was a bit pessimistic in his predictions, as the 20th century witnessed the greatest onslaught of inventions, discoveries, and innovations in the history of mankind.
One hundred years ago only 14 percent of the homes in the United States had a bathtub, and the average woman washed her hair about once a month, using Borax and egg yolk for shampoo. Only six out of every 100 children graduated from high school, and only 1/5 of the adult population could read or write. Eight percent of homes had a telephone.
In 1909 over 95 % of births in the United States occurred in the home, and in most cases the birth was attended by a mid-wife or a doctor who had never attended college and had very little medical training, other than what he or she had gained from their daily experience. The average life expectancy was only 47 years, and sixty years of age was considered extremely old.
The average wage in 1909 was 22 cents per hour, and the average worker had an annual income of about $400.00 per year. Some professionals such as doctors, veterinarians, and mechanical engineers made $2000.00 to $5000.00 per year.
In the early part of the 20th century food products such as coffee, sugar, rice, lard, and beans were shipped to stores in wooden barrels or boxes. The store clerk would weigh you up a 2-pound paper bag of coffee for 30 cents. Today you pay $7.00 for 34.5 ounces of coffee, and that 4-pound bag of sugar you buy today for $2.50 could have been bought for 16 cents in 1909. There was no cooking oil, so everyone used lard and when lard was needed you would have to take your lard bucket with you when you went to the store. If you needed beans, the clerk would weigh you up the amount you wanted, after he got the sleeping cat out of the barrel.
The kerosene lamp and lantern furnished the light for all the homes out in the country, and since this kerosene came to the store in 50-gallon barrels, every customer had a can, which was brought along when kerosene was needed.
As we entered the 20th century the automobile was just making its debut. Even in 1909 one hundred years ago, there were only 8000 of them in the United States. Ford only made 743 cars that year. There were only 144 miles of paved roads to drive on, and 10 miles per hour was the speed limit in most of the towns.
Many families did their shopping for items other than groceries from the Sears Roebuck catalogue, which boldly stated that they were, "The cheapest supply house on earth." There you could buy a good pair of shoes for $2.00, a man's three-piece cashmere suit for $6.00, or a ladies full-length dress for $2.35. A good bicycle would cost about $9.00. You could buy a shotgun for $5.00, and you could get a bottle of "Nerve and Brain pills" for 60 cents. Sears sent out a new catalogue about twice a year and the old one would be relegated to the two-holer out house, as toilet paper was an unknown item out in the country at that time
We have had a lot of changes during the past 100 years, and I have been here 95% of that time. In 1926, at age 12, I was big enough to help my father in the farm operation. Walking behind a 12" breaking plow pulled by a team of horses, I could turn two acres a day. At age 85 I was driving an air-conditioned tractor, covering 100 acres a day. At harvest time, my father and I could pick about 100 bushel of corn in a day's time. Today my two grandsons can harvest 800 bushels per hour.
I heard the first feeble voices of radio, and listened, as it became instant communication to all parts of the world and outer space. I witnessed the arrival of the miracle -- television - and watched with awe its first pictures, which was just about like looking through a dirty window to the outside, where people were dancing in a snowstorm.
Yes, we have witnessed a lot of changes during the past 100 years, and now I wonder - could a careful study of these innovations of the past and the conditions that exist today be used as a guide in helping us make more intelligent economic, cultural, and political decisions that will better serve our society in the future?
Showing comments in chronological order
[Show most recent comments first]
Thank you Mr Corbin for many great memories. I remember the Sears Roebuck catalog and the Spiegel Catalog and the 7-9-12 foot cotton sacks. We could use all that today. Have another great 95 years into the next century.
-- Posted by Dexterite1 on Tue, Sep 29, 2009, at 12:37 PM
Mr. Corbin, both my parents were born in 1910, and you may have known them..Henry and Jewel Cagle. Even after I came along in 1953, we didn't have a lot of money and lived north of Bloomfield on a farm. My dad was a heavy equipment operator (bulldozer), but we raised our own vegetables, made our own soap, butter, etc. We had a wood burning cook stove and King heater in the living room for heat, but no indoor plumbing. We moved to Dexter when I was about 3 years old, but continued to grow our own vegetables in the back yard. We were the first family on the block to get a telephone (I was in third grade I think). I feel so blessed to have been alive in those days and cherish the values that my parents instilled in me and my brothers and sisters. Thank you for the trip down memory lane. God bless you.
-- Posted by BarbaraNTexas on Tue, Sep 29, 2009, at 7:45 PM
If the last hundred years have brought this much change, I just wonder what the next 100 will bring?? I'm almost afraid to imagine!
-- Posted by goat lady on Tue, Sep 29, 2009, at 8:41 PM
Even though there has been amazing changes in the US and other countries, there are still hundreds of millions of people who live without electricity, telephones, and other modern conveniences. There are even people who never wear a pair of shoes in their entire life.
-- Posted by FJGuy on Tue, Oct 6, 2009, at 4:28 AM
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Paul Corbin is a 100-year-old historian, humorist, and amateur archaeologist from Advance, Mo. He grew up in the Greenbrier area west of Advance, where he attended Stepp School on the banks of Cato Slough and the Castor River, important waterways throughout his life. In an age when many area residents did not go to high school, the young Corbin made the decision to walk the five miles to Zalma, graduating in 1933. Throughout his life, he was an enterprising businessman, selling Watkins products from house to house throughout a large area - and later opening a variety store in Advance. He and his wife Geneva traveled throughout the United States, even following the route that the Lewis and Clark expedition traveled. His knowledge of Native American culture is extensive, and he has donated a sizeable collection of his artifacts to the Cape Girardeau Conservation Nature Center and the Bollinger County Museum of Natural History in Marble Hill. Throughout the years, he has submitted articles to TBY, the North Stoddard Countian, the Ozark Mountaineer, and several other Missouri publications. He has also written two books - "Reflections in Missouri Mud," and "Fragments of my Feeble Mind." The first one is out of print.
Hot topicsInvasion from Mars, 1938
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Capturing Oral History: Grandmother's trip over Bloomfield Road
My Short Term Memory
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What I learned in high school


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Here's how RW members rated this race (145 votes).
In short: Well organised. Enthusiastic volunteers. Lovely sceneryDate of review: May 12, 2015
In short: Fabulas Rural raceIn full: it was our second time around Bosworth HM, the first time we did it was before my lung surgery - this time again was good, pretty countryside, relaxing - peaceful - rural - undulating and flat - nice mix of runers from 65 mins to the last around - hopefully we'll get to do it again - wel ldone to all involved in organising Date of review: May 10, 2015
In short: Few hills , nice downhill finish . Date of review: January 12, 2015
In short: Good venue, good solid course.In full: Got a new pb (1.42) but it was tough going . One of those that seemed to have lots of long up hill sections without the downhills. :-)I personally found it a hard slog , particularly the second half . Mind the blustery conditions didn't help. Nothing is posted out so you have to collect number/ chip ect on arrival . No big deal really and the cadets worked hard helping with parking and handing out numbers and tags. Fairly low key so not masses of spectators , but those that were out and about were generous with their support. You get free energy gels and t shirt for your efforts too. I would absolutely do this avent again , although it'll probably take me 12 months for my legs to recover ! Date of review: May 11, 2014
In short: Great race all roundIn full: Another great race - organisation gets better every year. Good to see energy gels given out for free, and a good quality tech shirt. Parking well marshalled, as was the course and drinks stations. Bottles would have been better than cups, but no matter. Love this course, and will definitely be back. Date of review: May 21, 2013
In short: Very well organised and a nice, scenic courseIn full: Really well organised and pretty good value compared to most half marathons. Not many races where you get a good quality "technical" running shirt, free energy gels and energy drinks at the finish and at some drink stations along the course. I was expecting a bit of chaos with everyone collecting their number and chip on the day but it was really well organised. Excellent job by Full Boar Events and all the volunteers. The course was hillier and tougher than I remembered but I think I'm just getting older! The "Gated Road" climb up to Market Bosworth seemed to go on forever!Date of review: May 14, 2013
In short: Great run, very pretty, well organised, sometimes a bit hilly but still a PB for me! Will be back!Date of review: May 12, 2013
In short: Superb organisation and thanks to the Cadets for all their hard workDate of review: May 12, 2013
In short: Just perfect!In full: This was the 10th different half marathon I have done and it's easily the best. Lovely course with 360° horizons, the right ammount of 'undulation' with the climbs in the right place, friendly enthusiastic marshalls, excellent start/finish area. Slight niggle - no medal, but I'll forgive them that.Date of review: May 12, 2013
In short: fair but not flatIn full: Nice race, great setting for the start. Hillier than I expected. Little niggle, cups are a pain in long runs. The finish was a little odd. Nice shirt.May be back.Date of review: May 12, 2013
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Determine, Negotiate, and Retain Your Author Rights
Most publishers' agreements ask that you assign your copyright to the publisher when they publish your work. However, if you transfer your rights to the publisher, you may limit your ability to use and share your work with others and you may need to seek permission from the publisher to make some specific uses of your own work. For example, problems may arise when you or others want to: use your work in a course pack, place copies on print or electronic reserves, post a copy on your website, and distribute a copy to colleagues.
Here are some steps you can take:
Identify publishers and journals that give you more liberal permissions to use your own work:
While the Libraries can't tell you where to publish, we can help you find tools and information to inform your decisions.
Use SHERPA/RoMEO to search by journal title or publisher to find default copyright and self-archiving policies. Determine what rights to your work you may retain and/or your rights to post and share your work once it's published.
Bear in mind that individual authors may attempt to negotiate exceptions/changes to a publisher's standard policies.
Determine whether your funder has an open access or open data requirement
Use SHERPA/Juliet to find open access policies from over 100 worldwide funding bodies.
Use an author addendum to negotiate and retain author rights to your work:
Authors are encouraged to negotiate and retain the rights to their work. By attaching an addendum to your publishing agreement, you can retain control of your work for purposes such as distributing copies in the course of teaching and research, posting the article on a personal or institutional website, etc.
- UW OSP Template Letter to Journal Editors for NIH-funded authors
In compliance with the National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy, if your publication results from NIH-funded research, you may want to attach this cover sheet with your submission to a peer-reviewed journal. This enables NIH-funded research to be deposited in PubMed Central, as is stipulated by the Public Access Policy. For additional information, visit the UW HSL NIH Public Access Policy help guide.
- SPARC Author Addendum to Publication Agreement
This is a sample addendum by the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) which can be used to negotiate and retain rights to your work.
Determine what rights you retain (or can acquire) from previous publications.
Locate, read, and file your past publishing agreements. If you wish, contact publishers to try to obtain the same rights to your older work that is available for current publications.


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Microsoft Advertising: Top Ways Marketers Can Leverage Cross-Platform Engagement
April 17, 2013
Natasha Hritzuk, global director of research and insights at Microsoft Advertising, discussed Microsoft's Cross-Screen Engagement Study.
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text: Doha: Shot Of The Day (Sunday) Simona Halep has Sunday's shot of the day at the Qatar Total Open. Published February 16, 2014 12:05 Embed x Width: px Height: px Embedded code: Topics: 2014, tournaments, singles, photos or videos, simona halep, doha Share this page! Print Email Related videos Vote: February Breakthrough Of The Month March 01, 2016 Cast your vote now for February's Breakthrough Performance of the Month - Jelena Ostapenko, Daria Kasatkina, Caroline Garcia, or Zheng Saisai? Vote: February's Player Of The Month March 01, 2016 Cast your vote now for February's WTA Player of the Month - Roberta Vinci, Sara Errani, or Carla Suárez Navarro? Doha: Best Shots Of The Week February 29, 2016 Watch all of the best shots of the Qatar Total Open - right here! To The Top 3


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Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica, commonly known as blady grass, cogon grass ( /koʊˈɡoʊn/), kunai grass ( /ˈkuːnaɪ/), or Japanese bloodgrass, is a species of grass in the genus Imperata. It is placed in the subfamily Panicoideae, supertribe Andropogonodae, tribe Andropogoneae.
It is a perennial rhizomatous grass native to east and southeast Asia, India, Micronesia, Australia, and eastern and southern Africa. It grows from 0.6–3 m (2–10 feet) tall. The leaves are about 2 cm wide near the base of the plant and narrow to a sharp point at the top; the margins are finely toothed and are embedded with sharp silica crystals. The main vein is a lighter colour than the rest of the leaf and tends to be nearer to one side of the leaf. The upper surface is hairy near the base of the plant while the underside is usually hairless. Roots are up to 1.2 meters deep, but 0.4 m is typical in sandy soil.
Common locations
Imperata cylindrica is found in areas where the soil has been disturbed, such as roadsides, building sites, timber harvesting areas, and borrow pits. It is able to invade both moist and dry upland pine forests. Once established it often forms dense monocultures.[1]
Cultivation and uses
It is used for thatching the roofs of traditional homes in Papua New Guinea.
It is planted extensively for ground cover and soil stabilization near beach areas and other areas subject to erosion. Other uses include paper-making, thatching and weaving into mats and bags. However, its most common usefulness may be seen in its medicinal properties which include astringent, febrifuge, diuretic, tonic, and styptic actions.[citation needed] It is used in traditional Chinese medicine.[2]
A number of cultivars have been selected for garden use as ornamental plants, including the red-leaved 'Red Baron' (also known as Japanese blood grass).
Young inflorescences and shoots may be eaten cooked, and the roots contain starch and sugars and are therefore easy to chew.[3][4]
Weed problems
The plant has become naturalized in the Americas, Northern Asia, Europe and Africa in addition to many islands and is listed as an invasive weed in some areas. In the U.S. it survives best in the Southeast (and, according to a 2003 survey, has overtaken more acreage in that region than the notorious kudzu),[5] but has been reported to exist as far north as West Virginia and Oregon. Worldwide it has been observed from 45°N to 45°S. It grows on wet lands, dry lands, areas of high salinity, organic soils, clay soils and sandy soils of pH from 4.0 to 7.5. It prefers full sun but will tolerate some shade.
It spreads both through small seeds, which are easily carried by the wind, and rhizomes which can be transported by tilling equipment and in soil transport.
In the Southeastern United States, state governments have various eradication efforts in place, and deliberate propagation is prohibited by some authorities.[6] Control is typically by the use of herbicides. Burnoff is seldom successful since the grass burns quite hot causing heat damage to trees which would ordinarily be undamaged by a controlled burn and recovers from a burn quickly.
The legume vine Mucuna pruriens is used in the countries of Benin and Vietnam as a biological control for Imperata cylindrica.[7]
Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that types of this grass are quite flammable even when apparently green[8] - particularly in Southeast Asian climates. It is not uncommon to see hillsides of cogon grass on fire.[9][10]
A common expression in the Philippines is ningas cogon ('cogon brush fire'). It is a figure of speech for procrastination, specifically people who show a fervent interest in a new project but lose interest quickly. It's in reference to the propensity of cogon grass to catch fire and burn out quickly.[11]
Imperata cylindrica was first described by Linnaeus in 1759 under the basionym Lagurus cylindricus.[12] They were renamed by the French entomologist and botanist Palisot de Beauvois to the current accepted name of Imperata cylindrica.
Synonyms include:
From Spanish cogón, from the Tagalog and Visayan kugon.[14]
Local names
Local English names:
- Australia: blady grass
- Nigeria: speargrass
- South Africa: silver spike
- USA: cogongrass, cogon grass, cogon, kunai grass, sword grass, Japanese bloodgrass
Names in other languages:
- ^ "Beware of Cogon Grass". Florida Division of Forestry. http://www.fl-dof.com/forest_management/fh_invasives_cogon.html. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- ^ "Imperata". Sen - traditional Chinese medicine (tcm). http://www.senhealth.com/vsite/vcontent/page/xmlcontent/0,11740,4822-129372-130680-19390-69117-xmlcontent-item,00.html. Retrieved 13 July 2011. [dead link]
- ^ Imperata cylindrica - Plants For A Future database report
- ^ Imperata cylindrica
- ^ Aggressive weed becoming a menace worse than kudzu, UF researcher says
- ^ http://www.newsobserver.com/1565/story/1134380.html
- ^ "Factsheet - Mucuna pruriens". www.tropicalforages.info. http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/Forages/Media/Html/Mucuna_pruriens.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Species Description: Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.
- ^ 'Establishment of Stylo (Stylosanthes Guianensis) in Kunai (Imperata cylindrica) pastures and its Effect of Dry Matter Yield and Animal Production in the Markham Valley, Papua New Guinea by P.A. Chadhokar
- ^ Fire leaves 20 without shelter
- ^ Filipino Culture: What is Ningas Cogon
- ^ Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Imperata cylindrica. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/).[S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.
- ^ "Imperata cylindrica". Missouri Botanical Garden, http://www.tropicos.org/. http://www.tropicos.org/NameSynonyms.aspx?nameid=25548549. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
- ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary: Cogon


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Soul Eater
Medusa the Witch - The One Who Possesses a Great Evil Soul?
Episode 8 | TV-14
Soul is seriously injured and Maka's fading fast. Death Scythe and Dr. Stein step in to make sure the weird rampage of Crona and Ragnarok comes to an end.
Dub Expires: 12-27-2013
Official Site: www.funimation.com/shows/soul-eaterHide Details


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So fresh and pretty—every morning's beautiful when you wake up in these floral pajamas in soft blues and greens. Georgette top is trimmed with delicate picot-edged lace in the palest blue, pleated to float over silky charmeuse pants.
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A warship in the 18th-century British navy may not be a typical operatic locale, but this is precisely where Benjamin Britten set his 1951 opera "Billy Budd." The work swells with intense human drama and resounding choruses, driven by a score as tumultuous as the churning sea. This weekend, a gritty production of Britten's modern epic opens at the Brooklyn Academy of Music after acclaimed performances at the British Glyndebourne Festival in 2010 and 2013. It is a presentation that promises to impress.
Based on a novella by Herman Melville, the opera centers on the bright-eyed title character who is pressed into service aboard the fictional HMS Indomitable.
During his time at sea, Billy develops strong friendships with his fellow crewmen, but also faces the unrelenting jealousy of the master-at-arms, John Claggart. The result is a compelling look at just decision-making within a fog of moral ambiguity.
"What's going on in the opera is clearly not only about this one incident that supposedly took placed in 1797," William Berger, opera writer and commentator for weeknight broadcasts from the Metropolitan Opera, said about the opera's balance of both realism and allegory. "It's about the entire cosmic struggle of good and evil."
For Berger, Billy is the perfect figure to engage in this conflict because he "stands for innocence and pure goodness."
In casting baritone Jacques Imbrailo as Budd, revival director Ian Rutherford sees a natural fit for Billy's relentless optimism. Not only does Imbrailo bring "openness, generosity, and warmth of spirit," Rutherford said, but "his voice is completely tailored to the role."
When director Michael Grandage brought this maritime tale to the stage in 2010, he and his team also hoped to recreate the circumstances of a life at sea. In a statement, Grandage described this world as "claustrophobic, violent, and capricious," and said that he hoped "to help the audience understand the hideous circumstances in which all of these people lived."
This goal clearly motivated the entire staging process. In fact, before rehearsals of the production, members of the cast and production team toured Lord Nelson's flagship HMS Victory. In a joint interview with Spectator and WKCR, Rutherford emphasized that this trip offered the team great insight.
Noting the ship's compact living spaces, he said that "lots of people would have been crouched down … and we brought that into the staging." Even specialized nautical references indicated in the libretto are faithfully represented—theater riggers were brought in to teach the chorus proper knot-tying.
Above all, the music of "Billy Budd" has the power to continually mesmerize its audience. In composing an opera set entirely aboard a ship, Britten was forced to evoke a range of musical colors from a reduced palette of voices: an entirely male cast—something Berger said is "quite unusual to hear."
"What Britten did really successfully was find different tones within the male voice ... from boys to low basses," he said. "You should be able to hear a tremendous diversity of sound."
"You can't help but get caught up in it!" Berger said. "The issues are right there. There's nothing that gets in the way of an intelligent modern person appreciating what the issues are," Berger said.
Even more so, he comments that it's an ideal choice for newcomers to the art form. "It is a good introduction to opera," he said, "because it shows you in a smart way how music can tell the story words can't."
"Billy Budd" runs at BAM from Feb. 7 through Feb. 13. Tickets start at $30. More information can be found online at www.bam.org.


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Some Peaks and Pits of E-Reading1
July 6, 2010 by Reader's Connection
I´ve been borrowing some e-books from the library´s Downloadables page, and experiencing them on a Sony Reader. Here are a few of my reactions. Peak: I don´t see the ending coming. When…
Category Booklist, Website Feature | Tags: A Bit on the Side, Adobe Digital Editions, Daniel Deronda, Downloadable eBooks, George Eliot, Hope to Die, Lawrence Block, William Trevor


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Be dazzled by George Balanchine's full-length masterpiece, Jewels. Inspired by the artistry of jewelry designer Claude Arpels, Jewels unfolds in three distinct sections – Emeralds, Rubies, and Diamonds – each with its own music and mood. Emeralds evokes the elegance of France, to the music of Gabriel Fauré. Rubies is influenced by Balanchine's experiences in America. The jazz-inflected Stravinsky score sends dancers zipping through the stage in Balanchine's definitively neoclassical style. The grandeur and regality of Imperial Russia are the inspiration for Diamonds, a nod to Balanchine's own heritage, as is the sumptuous Tschaikovsky score.
Friday, October 18, 2013 - 7:30pm
Academy of Music


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The garden has transformed from late fall colours to a mostly monochrome winter white. The conifers, Picea (spruce), Pinus (pine) and Taxus (yew) are what provide most of the colour now.
In the middle of October, the Hydrangea paniculata flowers still had tinges of pink, the Phlox paniculata were white and purple, while the leaves of Tiarella and Heuchera were providing decorative patterns in the garden. The various Campanula were mostly still sporting pretty blue flowers, for an almost summer look.
Then at the end of October, the garden had a light frosting of white. It decorated the leaves of evergreen plants, like Cornus canadensis (bunchberry), Tiarella (foamflower), Heuchera (coral bells), Helleborus (hellebores) and Epimedium (bishop's hat). The snow etched the edges of the birdbaths, but there was still water for the birds to visit.
Now, we have over 30 cm (a foot) of snow, enough to cover the low perennials, and beat the taller perennials to the ground. The birds will have to bring a snow shovel if they want a bath. We've changed to winter, and the plants that take centre stage are the tall conifers. They will remain the stars for the next 5 to 6 months. The large spruce and pine, so prevalent in the Boreal Forest just north of here, easily withstand the weight of snow on their branches. It collects on their outstretched branches, and then eventually rolls down the sloping boughs of the spruce, or sifts through the widely spaced needles of the pines.
Here are some tall Picea (spruce) in my front yard showing their best trait, which is to upraise piles of white snow with their long green boughs. These living sculptures are a wonderful antidote to the blandness of winter. The conifers are over 35 years old, so they are imposing on the landscape. Although I live on an average sized lot in the suburbs, they create a forest atmosphere. Wildlife appreciates them, too, all year round.
My tall Pinus mugo (mugho pine) has multiple stems. It's a rangy forest pine, rather than one of those cute little mini mugho shrubs for the mixed border. I've been wanting to add a more compact mugo to a different garden area, but this large one is a match for the spruce trees here. In the garden underneath there are lots of Tiarella (foamflowers) covered up for winter.
Here is where a pine and spruce meet in front of my house. You can follow the animal tracks under the trees to a cozy conifer cave.
More tracks lead under some spruce branches that are about 60 cm (2 ft) off the ground. There are many short perennials planted under these trees that are buried until spring. The snow helps insulate the Heuchera (coral bells), Tiarella (foamflower), Brunnera, Hosta, dwarf Aruncus (goatsbeard), Epimedium (bishop's hat), Asarum (wild ginger), Hepatica (liverleaf) and others in the garden here. In the summer I'm always looking down to see the perennials, and don't notice the evergreens as much. In winter it's the conifers, twice the height of the house, that catch your attention, and force you to look up.
We've transitioned from late fall into full blown winter. Snow is piling up on every surface, and last night it was -19° C (-2° F). Instead of hunching over, and staring at the snow as I rush from car to house, I can look up at the sparkling conifers and the blue sky. When the sun shines, and the snow glistens, it can be enjoyable to be outside and delight in the winter sights.


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Topic: Moisture content in a flour (Read 3049 times)
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Registered User
Posts: 14
I Love Pizza!
Moisture content in a flour
July 11, 2006, 04:58:55 PM »
Hi, I am noticing some flours come with a very low moisture content which goes as low as 11%.
Suppose I have a choice between flour bag A and B. The two are exactly the same flours except
the moisture content; 14%(A) and 11%(B.) Is it O.K. for me to buy the bag B at the same cost as A?
Or are there some other implications (of using a low moisture content flour) I should take into consideration,
i.e.;dough performances and yields...etc? Would appreciate any thoughts or advices.
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Re: Moisture content in a flour
Reply #1 on:
July 11, 2006, 06:31:30 PM »
I am not certain that your hypothetical is one that would exist in the real world. Flours start out at the miller's facility at a particular level of moisture, which can then go up or down depending on how it is stored by the distributor and ultimate end users. Assuming for purposes of your hypothetical that both flours started out at the same levels of moisture, you might complain that the total weight of the flour in Bag B is less than that of Bag A, but apart from the fact that some labeling law may be violated, the only real difference is that the flour in Bag B will be drier than that of Bag A. The difference in a practical sense can be overcome by simply using a bit more water when using the flour in Bag B. Your question implies that you know the moisture content of the two flours. In my experience, that kind of information does not appear on packaging materials, although it is usually available from the miller or distributor.
You might find it of interest to see how grains are actually milled to make flour and how beginning moisture levels are established. I did some online research and found the following description of that process:
Flour is composed of flour solids and moisture. The average water content of wheat kernels used to make flour is 12.5% by weight, with a range from 10% to 14.5%. Efficient milling practice requires adding water to raise the moisture content to 15% to 16%; if the wheat is too wet or too dry, milling will be hindered. During milling, the moisture content is reduced to 13% to 14%. The moisture content of flour does not remain constant after milling is completed. If the relative humidity of the atmosphere in which it is stored is greater than 60%, flour will gain moisture, and if the humidity is less than 60%, it will lose moisture. The federal net-weight labeling standard permits variations from stated weight caused by this gain or loss of moisture.
Tom Lehmann says that within a couple weeks storage in an air-conditioned facility, the flour will dry down to about 11 to 11.5% moisture content and that under normal conditions the flour won't dry down below 10.5% moisture. I have seen instances where people have increased the water content in a dough formula by at much as 25% to compensate for an alleged deficiency of moisture in the flour. From what Tom Lehmann says, in reality the difference due to a loss of moisture is but a few percentage points.
I might add that some imported flours have a beginning moisture of as much as 15.5% (the San Felice Italian flour is one such example). Grain/flour experts will tell you that when you get above about 14% that is too high a level and increases the risk of mold development and insect infestation. I suspect that that is not a real problem for bakers because they go through flour at a fast rate, and the efficient ones will usually date their bags of flour to be sure that they are used on a first-in first-out basis. A home user might be concerned if he or she has a 55-lb. bag of flour and lives in a warm and humid climate. Under these conditions it might be a good idea to consider the above factors in determining how best to use and store the flour.
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Re: Moisture content in a flour
Reply #2 on:
July 12, 2006, 12:44:38 AM »
Hi Peter,
Thank you for your advice. I am importing flours from Europe and the North America. Sometimes I make a
buy decision based on the product specifications along with graphs provided by the mills. So in my case the
moisture content info is available from the mill.
The hypothesis in my post would never exist in the real world unless bag A and B from the same batch weigh
differently due to the storage environment and the degree of drying out thereof.
The crux of whole my question was : would there be any disadvantages of using a low moisture content flour?
Can I just add a bit more water when I knead the dough? Or low moisture would affect the quality of the
dough? I wanted to know if there are no bad things about using a low moisture flour- so that I can order
to adjust the moiusture content downward for a longer storage.
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Re: Moisture content in a flour
Reply #3 on:
July 12, 2006, 08:55:05 AM »
Thank you for clarifying your example. I wondered whether you were working with millers' specs and European flours, which is why I added the paragraph about the San Felice flour at the end of my post.
Since I am not in the milling business, I am not knowledgeable enough at the level of your question to be able to say definitively whether there is a noticeable quality or operational difference between using 14% and 11% flour moisture for your doughs. So long as the flours are fresh (i.e., not stale), then I would think that adjusting the moisture content of the dough by the addition of water should be sufficient if you elect to use the 11% moisture flour. If you are working with a miller, you might want to pose your question to its technical department. I would think that they should be able to answer your question to your satisfaction. In my own case, I have many brands of flours, from the U.S. and abroad, with different ages. They are all stored in my pantry, which is air-conditioned in the summer, but I have no idea as to their moisture contents. I simply make water and flour adjustments in the bowl to get the finished dough charactreristics I am after.
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Re: Moisture content in a flour
Reply #4 on:
July 12, 2006, 12:11:26 PM »
Peter, do you know how to identify stale flour? I have kept a bag of general mills flour unrefrigerated for about a year. It has no bugs or anything, but I am just curious what to look for if it is past it's prime.
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Re: Moisture content in a flour
Reply #5 on:
July 12, 2006, 01:39:41 PM »
I think it would be difficult to come up with a definition of "stale flour" that is based on time alone since people store flour differently. However, stale flour does have a smell because of the oxidation of oil that is present in small amounts in the flour (and considered necessary for proper dough development). For some flours, like whole wheat flour with more oil, the flour can become rancid, and that smell is unmistakable. I suspect that a bag of flour that is unopened will not stale as quickly as an opened bag because of the slower rate of oxidation, and especially if the bag has an inner plastic-film lining (as is used, for example, by Giusto's). Using stale flour is not unsafe and it will not harm you, although I don't think I would want to use a rancid flour. And for some applications, like pizza dough that is to be covered with a lot of things with their own distinct flavors, the staleness may not be as noticeable as with other applications, like making a delicate pastry. I think a flour that has been kept in a cool dark place should last a year, and proportionately longer the cooler the environment in which the flour is stored.
Once, while visiting my son and not finding anything in his pantry to eat, I decided to cook up some pasta that I found in a tall jar. When I later complained to him of its poor quality, he told me that the pasta I cooked up was put in the jar as decorative pasta and had been in the jar for several years. Now, that was "stale"
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