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- Part of Collection:
- Subjects:Reading, Classroom Management, Writing, Parent and Teacher Communication, Teacher Tips and Strategies, Working with Families and the Community
Interactive Bulletin Board: Tell Me All About It
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2, 3–5
If you teach young children, you know they always have something to tell you and to share with the class. Kids would walk in the door and run right up to me telling me millions of things all at the same time. I love hearing their news and funny stories, but it was taking a lot of time away from getting started with our instructional day. A few years ago I started to think about how I could use their excitement about sharing their news to enhance their reading and writing skills. The result was the "Tell Me All About It" bulletin board. Read more to see how this interactive bulletin board is used in my classroom and why it is a class favorite!
Students love sharing about themselves and their special news on our bulletin board. The most exciting part for kids is that they get to write directly on speech bubbles stapled to the wall. I laminated the speech bubbles so that they are easy to write on and erase with dry erase markers. In the beginning of the year, I put the child's picture and their name attached to the speech bubble. Later in the year, students make their faces with construction paper and craft materials. Changing the student faces is a great way to refresh the board and keep the excitement going all year.
This interactive bulletin board changes and grows with the students throughout the year. In the beginning of the year, the majority of my students' writing and letter sound knowledge is limited. I really want my students to be able to stretch out their words like a rubber band and write the letters they hear. Giving students a sentence starter or focused question assists students in sharing early in the year.
Here are some my beginning sentence starters:
- "My name is ___." Students then write their name in the speech bubble. We move on to other ones like "My favorite pet is a ____." "I like to___." "My favorite color is ___." I am ___ years old." As the year progresses, I will have them write the whole sentence or complete my sentence starters with more words. "This weekend I ____." As students writing progresses we open the board up to sharing their own news without a sentence starter or question.
My students love to read the board as we are lining up or if we have a few minutes throughout the day. This board engages students in the reading and writing process and gives them an audience for their special news. It also gives me more time in the morning to get started with our instructional day. Student still come in excited to share their news and stories, the only difference is, now they share through their writing on the bulletin board.
If you decide to try a bulletin board like this, you can start by having students write on the board once a week and increase to everyday, depending on your time. Typically, we start with two times per week giving a few students a chance to write each day. I have my students write on it first thing in the morning while it's quiet reading time and students are still arriving.
This interactive bulletin board is a favorite for all my students in my classroom. Parents love it too because they can stop in and read the special news. In fact, a former parent compared our "Tell Me All About It" board to Facebook's "What's on your mind?" page!
I would love to hear about how you manage student news sharing and about your interactive bulletin boards. Thank you for stopping by my blog and I hope to hear from you soon!
Its really amazing..
Megan, I am a first year teacher and have just been hired for a new K classroom starting in January. I love this bulletin board as it will help me learn their names and about them as well as do some quick informal assessments as well!Do you have any tips for starting a new class mid year? Thanks for your help! Karen
Karen, Thank you for your comment. Congratulations on your new position! Please keep in contact and let me know how I can help you. Last year I came back from maternity leave in January. So, it was like starting mid year with a new class although I did start in August with them. Still they had the substitute for several months and I had to retrain them.
The first and most important thing is establishing your relationships at the same time as your routines and expectations. They need to know there is a new teacher and there will be changes and possibly different expectations. You also have to get a feel for their ability levels.
Classroom management is usually the hardest area for new teachers so think out your routines and look into different ways to manage the class. You will find with kindergarteners they have to practice behaviors over and over. (I still have to do it with my class months into school to remind them) Scholastic has a great New Teacher Helpline that can give you tips. http://community.scholastic.com/scholastic/board?board.id=emergency
Of course building the relationships is extremely important so you can build your classroom community. You can have them talk in circle time about what they liked in kindergarten so far. You can even ask what they didn't like. Making a class book in the beginning where each child writes a page with a drawing or sentences depending on comfort level to tell about themselves is a fun way to learn about them as well as assess writing abilities.
Again most importantly establish your routines and expections with behaviors. How are you going to get their attention? What do they do after so they finish so they are not always asking? Taking the time to teach them these things will make your life much easier and the rest of your year smoother. Hopefully, your class is a sweet class that will adjust quickly. Please let me know any other more specific questions that you need help with throughout the year regardless of it being management or academic. You are going to have such a great time with these little ones! Smiles, Megan
Dear. Megan Hello, All of your tips are very useful and brillant. Thank you so much. I'm also working as a teacher tutor in Korea, i was impressed by 'interactive bulletinboard', may I use those pictures for my online lecture? If you let me know your full name, I'll let the viewers know it's from your ideas. This time's theme is about 'all about me', i just would like to introduce your idea as well. My viewers must be happy to get this great idea. Thanks. :)
-From South Korea, Erica ♡-
Erica, 감사합니다 (Thank you!) I would be honored if you shared this with your teachers! Please also share the Scholastic website with them. There are so many great lessons, tools, and blogs on this website that helps teachers of all grades. I would love to hear from you again soon and maybe some of your teachers. Please let me know if you think of anything else you would like to hear about to help your teachers. My full name is Megan Power. Smiles, Megan
I love this idea!
It's a great way to interact and communicate with my students!
I guess I can use this from the new semester!
Thank you for this wonderful idea!
-From South Korea love, Joy-
Joy, 당신을 감사하십시오 (Thank you) I am so glad this idea might work in your classroom all the way in South Korea! Technology is amazing how it can bring people together to share ideas. I hope you continue to contribute to our blog. I would love to hear more about your classroom in South Korea! Smiles,
Awesome! What a great way to allow students to share their news without taking up valuable class time.
Thanks! It really helps! Smiles, Megan
What a great idea! I cannot wait to implement this in my future classrooms!
I am glad this gave you an idea for your furture classroom. That is wonderful that you are online reading and getting ideas for when you become a teacher. Let me know if you have any questions or are looking for any other specific ideas. Smiles, Megan
I love this idea! Where did you get the dry erase speech bubbles?
Thanks! Many companies make speech bubbles like the ones I use such as Creative Teaching Press and Carson Dellosa. Smiles, Megan
What a creative idea both for writing and for the students to be able to express themselves! Thank you for sharing this bulletin board idea. It may turn up in my classroom soon, too.
I am glad you found this helpful. We love this board and it makes the kids excited to share their stories. Smiles, Megan
What fun! I love the fact that you can see that they are writing more than three letter words! So encouraging!
Thanks for your comment. It is exciting to see my students writing growth displayed on the wall. I am glad you found it encouraging. Keep up all your great work! Smiles, Megan
i am very exiting this is a wonderfull idea i loved .thank you
I am glad you found this helpful. It has been such a fun way to promote writing. Thanks for your comment! Smiles, Megan


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Windows 8.1
With the new Windows, you can do more. You have more entertainment, more games, more ways to get stuff done, more ways to search, browse, and connect with the people you care about. You can make Windows uniquely yours by personalizing your Start screen with Live Tiles, your own photos, and the people, apps, and sites that matter most.

subset: commoncrawl


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Rawlings Washington State Cougars Hail Mary Youth-Size Football
NOW: $7.99 (33% off!)
Was: $11.99*
Product Information:
Teach your little All-American the game of football and Cougars pride with the Rawlings® Washington State Cougars youth-size football. Bold school logos and wordmarks on the front and back of this team-colored, 9-inch football get them excited for any game day celebration. A pebbled, rubberized exterior and raised seems increase performance and allow your little one to throw a deep ball with the Rawlings® Cougars youth-size football.
- Rawlings® Washington State Cougars youth-size football
- School logo and wordmark printed on front and back
- Rawlings® wordmark and logo printed on bottom
- Team-colored contrasting panels for added school spirit
- Pebbled exterior coating for increased grip and quality
- Football measures approximately 9" in length
- Officially licensed collegiate product
- Material: 100% rubber
- Rawlings
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 24412566


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Ideal for a 10K, the Delaney belt-based hydration system features a single 21oz Podium Chill bottle, insulated to keep your water fresh and cool on a long run and lined with our TruTaste™ liner so you taste only the water—not the bottle. Patented self-sealing Jet Valve™ technology for bursts of hydration on demand with one simple squeeze.
Includes one 21 oz Podium Chill bottle
Podium Bottle Features: Self-sealing Jet Valve™, easy to squeeze, BPA-Free, TruTaste™ Polypropylene with HydroGuard™ lets you taste water--not the bottle, Lockout for leak-proof transport
Key Pack Features: Front & back reflectivity, essentials pocket, key clip
Designed to Carry: Energy bar, gel, cash, keys, media
CamelBak® Got Your Bak™ Guarantee: If we built it, we'll Bak it™ with our lifetime guarantee.
We recommend wiping your pack with a damp cloth to remove dirt. If the pack is extremely dirty and needs a deeper cleaning, soak it in cool or warm water with a very mild soap. Rinse the pack thoroughly with cool water. If soap residue remains in the fabric, it may create suds if exposed to water or sweat.
DO NOT wash your pack in a washing machine. Machine washing may damage the pack or affect the integrity of the fabric and fasteners, and will void the Got Your Bak™ Guarantee.
The Podium® Bottle is dishwasher-safe and easy to clean. Remove the cap assembly, making sure the Jet Valve™ lockout is open, and place it with the bottle on the top rack of your dishwasher. Do not disassemble small parts of the cap, simply place the whole cap into the washer. Disassembly of the cap could lead to leaks or product malfunction. For best results, we recommend avoiding high-heat settings such as 'sanitary clean' or 'heat boost' which may distort plastic components. We don't recommend forcing a brush or other cleaning tool through the Jet Valve cross-slit (i.e. where you drink).
(based on 4 reviews)
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(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
okay,but somewhat annoying
By Lynchmob
from Wilm, DE
Comments about CamelBak Delaney™ - Discontinued:
use this for long runs. bottle angle is not good for lefties, need to offer a model angled in the other direction. overall pretty good , but belt works it's way loose constantly.
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Great product
By Marie-Eve
from Québec City, Canada
About Me Enthusiast
I still need to adapt, but my first run was great!!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
CamelBak Delaney
By Mrs. Fal
from Needham, MA
I use this product to help keep me hydrated on long runs. I have tried other belts before with no luck because they would cause friction or put weight on one side or the other or put pressure on my waist causing me to cramp up by mile 3. This belt is perfect!! Not too small, not too large, distributes the weight perfectly the way it angles the bottle. I can leave the bottle open and no spillage - just awesome! Finally - long, hydrated, comfortable runs!
Marathon and Festival Ready!
By Nicktim
from San Jose, CA
I bought this for two reasons, for running and for festivals. Works perfectly, I put my ID and other stuff in the compartment, the water bottle it comes with is really nice. I recommend this product to anyone.
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Transworld Business Advisors of Hilton Head is the world leader in the marketing and sales of businesses, franchises and franchise development. Whether you represent an acquisition-minded individual or company, or are personally interested in selling your business, Transworld offers the professional services that successfully bring buyers and sellers together. From business brokerage to mergers and acquisitions; we are the business sale specialists.
Since our inception, we have excelled in getting deals done! Call us and you will understand what makes us the best company to handle the sale of any business or facilitate merges and acquisitions.
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Transworld Hilton Head
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Fence woman pleads not guilty to theft
By NIKKI YOUNK
Staff Writer
FLORENCE, Wis. – A Fence, Wis. woman has pleaded not guilty to two felony charges alleging that she embezzled thousands of dollars from the Florence Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) and the State Bank of Florence.
Kari J. Goral, 43, had been scheduled for a preliminary examination in Florence County Court on Wednesday. However, she elected to waive the preliminary examination.
As a result, Judge Michael H. Bloom bound her over for trial.
Goral's attorney Lisa Brouillette then entered not guilty pleas on her client's behalf.
Judge Bloom will schedule a final pre-trial date after he checks his calendar. He primarily presides over cases in Oneida County Court.
Attorney Jay Olivares, who is serving as special prosecutor in the case, said that a final pre-trial date within the next 30 days would be acceptable.
Due to a conflict of interest, Florence County District Attorney Douglas Drexler is not prosecuting the case.
Goral is currently free on a $1,000 signature bond.
She faces one felony count of theft in a business setting-more than $10,000 and one felony count of theft in a business setting-between $2,500 and $5,000.
If convicted on both counts, she could spend up to 13 and a half years in prison.
According to the criminal complaint in the case, Goral is accused of embezzling more than $16,000 from the PTO between January 2011 and August 2012 while she was serving as the organization's treasurer.
The complaint further alleges that Goral embezzled an additional $2,740 from the State Bank of Florence during the same time period while she was a bank employee.
Goral has since repaid all money to both parties.
Nikki Younk's e-mail address is email@example.com.


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29 CFR Part 4044 - ALLOCATION OF ASSETS IN SINGLE-EMPLOYER PLANS
- SUBPART A — Allocation of Assets (§§ 4044.1 - 4044.30)
- SUBPART B — Valuation of Benefits and Assets (§§ 4044.41 - 4044.75)
- Appendix A to Part 4044 - Mortality Rate Tables
- Appendix B to Part 4044 - Interest Rates Used To Value Benefits
- Appendix C to Part 4044 - Loading Assumptions
- Appendix D to Part 4044 - Tables Used To Determine Expected Retirement Age
61 FR 34059, July 1, 1996, unless otherwise noted.
Certain provisions of part 4044 have been superseded by legislative changes. For example, there are references to provisions formerly codified in 29 CFR part 2617, subpart C (and to the Notice of Sufficiency provided for thereunder) that no longer exist because of changes in the PBGC's plan termination regulations in response to the Single-Employer Pension Plan Amendments Act of 1986 and the Pension Protection Act of 1987. The PBGC intends to amend part 4044 at a later date to conform it to current statutory provisions.
Title 29 published on 2015-07-01.
The following are only the Rules published in the Federal Register after the published date of Title 29.
For a complete list of all Rules, Proposed Rules, and Notices view the Rulemaking tab.
Title 29 published on 2015-07-01
The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 29 CFR Part 4044 after this date.


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Similar to the dairy industry itself..the strength of the Wisconsin cheese industry is its diversity. Many cheese makers have put their creative focus into the specialty cheese market resulting in the state now producing more than 600 varieties, styles and flavors of cheese. A few of the more unique award winning styles are coming from goats' milk and today we visit with an outagamie county producer who has found his niche in the goat milk cheese market.
Copyright 2017 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Contact Information
Women & Children's Hospital of Buffalo
9th Floor, Tanner Building
219 Bryant Street
Buffalo, NY 14222
- (716) 878-7409
- (716) 878-1562 or 888-3919 (perioperative planner) Fax
- Map & Directions
Ambulatory Surgery Center
Diet Guidelines & Anesthesia
Anesthesia Services
Great Lakes Anesthesiology
219 Bryant Street
Buffalo, NY 14222
(716) 878-7701
Anesthesia services are provided by Great Lakes Anesthesiology. Their office can be reached by calling (716) 878-7701. For questions regarding insurance coverage, please contact your insurance provider directly.
Here are some important tips to help you through this process:
- Review these guidelines the day before surgery.
- Give NO SOLID FOOD to your child after midnight the day of surgery. Since the stomach must be empty for general anesthesia, and solid food takes a long time to digest, it is not safe to eat solid food the day of surgery.
- Your child is only allowed to have clear liquids before surgery. There are no exceptions. Clear liquids may be given up to two hours before scheduled surgery. Clear liquids include water, Pedialyte ®, 7-Up ®, and pulp-free apple juice. Breast milk, orange juice and milk are not clear liquids.
No Gum • No Hard Candy • No Suckers • No Mints
Don't worry! Your child will not suffer from dehydration as a result of not eating or drinking.
If your baby is under three months of age, the last formula or breast milk feeding may be given up to four hours before scheduled surgery. Clear fluids may be given up to two hours before scheduled surgery.
If your child's anesthesiologist is concerned that the instructions were not followed, your child's surgery may be rescheduled later in the day or for another day. This is a safety issue, so please be understanding.
If you have any questions, or are unclear about what or when you can feed your child prior to surgery, please contact your surgeon's office or the Anesthesia Department at (716) 878-7701.


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William Ernest Henley
by Harry Furniss
William Ernest Henley (1849-1903)
William Henley was a British poet, editor and critic. Tuberculosis took one of his feet as a child, and almost claimed another leg as a young adult. While recovering from surgery in an Edinburgh infirmary, Henley began a friendship with author Robert Louis Stevenson. (Stevenson said that the gregarious Henley provided the inspiration for his character Long John Silver.) His impressionistic poem-writing career began about the same time. Among his earliest works was his best known, Invictus, with its famous concluding lines: "I am the master of my fate; / I am the captain of my soul." In 1889, Henley assumed the post of what became the influential conservative journal, the National Observer.


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COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. - From 1:30 to 3:00 p.m. ET Sunday, August 3, sports fans across the United States can celebrate the achievements of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame Class of 2008, presented by Allstate. NBC, home of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing and broadcast partner of the United States Olympic Committee, will present the made-for-television national telecast. Jim Lampley, who will cover his fourteenth Olympic Games this summer, returns as master of ceremonies for the 90-minute program.
This year's individual inductees are wrestler Bruce Baumgartner, marathoner Joan Benoit Samuelson, figure skater Brian Boitano, volleyball player Karch Kiraly, boxer Oscar De La Hoya, equestrian J. Michael Plumb, Paralympic swimmer John Morgan, basketball player David Robinson, swimmer Amy Van Dyken andshooter Lones Wigger, Jr. Figure skating coach Carlo Fassi was inducted posthumously in the Coach category and Olympic figure skating gold medalist Carol Heiss Jenkins was inducted in the Veteran category. The members of the 1996 Women's Gymnastics Team, Amanda Borden, Amy Chow, Dominique Dawes, Shannon Miller, Dominique Moceanu, Jaycie Phelps and Kerri Strug, were honored in the Team category, while legendary Hollywood producer Frank Marshall was recognized as the Special Contributor.
Highlights of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, for which Kleenex and AT&T were associate sponsors, include:
- A reunion of the "Magnificent Seven" 1996 Women's Gymnastics Team
- Kristi Yamaguchi's heartfelt introduction of her childhood hero, Brian Boitano, and their impromptu "dance" off stage
- Summer Sanders' warm backstage interview with wrestler Bruce Baumgartner
"The legacies and contributions of this year's inductees will now live forever as they join our country's greatest Olympians in the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame," said Lisa Cochrane, vice president of marketing at Allstate. "As a sponsor of the Hall of Fame since its celebrated revitalization in 2004, Allstate is proud to help protect and preserve this important part of our identity and source of American pride."
Many distinguished members of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame attended the induction ceremony to introduce the Class of 2008 honorees. Among those serving as presenters were figure skaters Dick Button, Peggy Fleming and Kristi Yamaguchi; gymnast Bart Connor; track & field's Carl Lewis and the last U.S. male marathoner to win an Olympic gold medal, Frank Shorter.
Other presenters included Olympic Gold Medal swimmer Nancy Hogshead-Maker (Amy Van Dyken); USOC Chief Executive Officer Jim Scherr (Bruce Baumgartner); IOC member and USOC VP, International Bob Ctvrtlik (Karch Kiraly); U.S. Equestrian Federation President David O'Connor (J. Michael Plumb); Captain Ron Wigger (Lones Wigger, Jr.); CEO of 24 Hour Fitness Carl Liebert and 1996 U.S. Olympic Basketball Coach Lenny Wilkens (David Robinson); and Brigadier General Patrick Finnegan (John Morgan).
The U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame was established in 1979 to celebrate the achievements of America's premier athletes in the modern Olympic Games. The first U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame class was inducted in 1983 during ceremonies in Chicago. That Charter Class, which included Olympic greats Jesse Owens, Jim Thorpe and Muhammad Ali, remains the largest group (20 individuals and one team) ever inducted. In 2004, after a 12-year hiatus, the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame was revived through the support of Allstate Insurance Company as the presenting sponsor. This year, Allstate is again the presenting sponsor for the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame, with second-year associate sponsors Kleenex and AT&T. With the addition of the Class of 2008, 213 athletes (including seven U.S. teams), two coaches, and 13 special contributors to the U.S. Olympic Movement have been enshrined in the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame.
About Allstate
The Allstate Corporation (NYSE: ALL) is the nation's largest publicly held personal lines insurer. Widely known through the "You're In Good Hands With Allstate® " slogan, Allstate is reinventing protection and retirement to help individuals in approximately 17 million households protect what they have today and better prepare for tomorrow. Customers can access Allstate products and services such as auto insurance and homeowners insurance through approximately 14,700 exclusive Allstate agencies and financial representatives in the U.S. and Canada, or in select states at allstate.com and 1-800 Allstate®. Encompass® and Deerbrook® Insurance brand property and casualty products are sold exclusively through independent agents. The Allstate Financial Group provides life insurance, supplemental accident and health insurance, annuity, banking and retirement products designed for individual, institutional and worksite customers that are distributed through Allstate agencies, independent agencies, financial institutions and broker-dealers. Customers can also access information about Allstate Financial Group products and services at myallstatefinancial.com.


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I will be doing my 5th FLM in 2009 but due restricted running time I am considering doing a 3 day per week schedule.
My PB is 3.31 and my target is sub 3.30.
Can anyone give me success stories of this schedule?
I'm slower than you Minni, but I have roughly followed a 3 runs a week schedule twice and have gone from 4:50 to 4:28 and then to 4:14.
My boss recently ran 3:18 on 3 to 4 runs a week with a maximum mileage of 40 miles pw. Do the main sessions (long run, tempo, speedwork) each week and give it a go.
I have done two marathons now. The first one using a standard training program and achieved 3:15. I did the second this year using the Furmann FIRST program and achieved 3:14.Saying this I picked up an injury half way through, so would have definately taken another 2/3 mins off that.
The thing to remember is stick to the plan no matter how tempting it is to do a little extra and also make th most of the Xtraining days. I found a bike to be the best for these.
Good luck
I am looking encouraging at he information that the Furman First schedules do work - all my wise running colleagues can't agree that a marathon can be achieved on anything less than 50 miles per week. I am planning to start on the 12th Dec so any info would be greatfully received.
How hard should the cross training days?
How achieveable do others find the speed sessions? - I have been experimenting with the runs and find the 1200 - 1600 speed intervals very difficult to achieve (plus 4-6 secs too slow). yet my tempos and long runs I complete inside the times allocated (yet I'd pitch my physiology as more aligned to 10k races).
Just spotted this timely thread. Due to injury I've been looking at the Furman First schedules. I have only run 2 marathons and didn't follow a specific shcedule for either. I ended up with an overuse injury so I thought I'd stick to a schedule this time. My PB is 3.41 but I ran the last 8 miles in agony so I (perhaps naively) thought that 3.30 may be achievable.
I don't have the book yet, but have taken a peek at the website and the RW articles. Could anyone clear up a couple of things (actually 4) for me?
How long is the recovery in between the intervals during the speed sessions?
The overall weekly mileage seems a little low, I note that Raymer says not to be tempted to do more, why? Risk of injury? Overdoing it?
Also, the pace for the speed reps seems a little odd, i.e the pace for 1600m is faster than for 400m. Am I missing something or have I calculated incorrectly?
The RW article stipulates to work out your pace from your 10k race pace, but the website stipulates 5k, is 5k the way to go?
I'm a bit of a novice when it comes to focused training so please excuse me if I'm being a bit dumb!
Mozzy - Your calculations probably are wrong, and 400m reps should be faster than 1600m ones. But I also found them tricky to work out. However, I'm sure there was a link to another page with more detail about the various types of run (I think it said 8 rules of the system, or something). On it, under speedwork, it basically said that the speed sessions were good, but the main thing is to be doing some speedwork, and not let it get dry and boring. So doing different sessions that week with your club, or another speed session you fancy, is also fine, so long as you are pushing yourself in some kind of speed interval session.
The lower mileage is because you are training more intensely in each run than in other schedules and need to have recovery time to get the benefit. I'm sure it helped me avoid overtraining injuries.
I never really knew how long the recoveries should be. I reckoned either 2 or 3 mins, but obviously less if the rep was shorter (i.e. I wouldn't rest for 3 mins on a 400m rep taking less than 1:45). There may be a proper answer somewhere, but I couldn't find it.
As to the 5K or 10K race pace, I suppose for most of us, there won't be a dramatic difference and it just gives you a guide based on a race pace where you are going for it hard, rather than holding back over a longer distance. Again, it will be a guide and the biggest benefit is from doing the three types of run over increasing intensity over the course of the training schedule.
And, as always, there is no such thing as a dumb question when we're trying to find out stuff to help with our running. It's just information someone else discovered first.
Happy training. I can thoroughly recommend the FIRST 3 day a week schedule.
Ah brilliant! Thanks SCM! That clears up all my queries. I'll re-calculate the reps without the accompanying bottle of Hobgoblin!
And thanks for the comment re my 'dumb' questions. I'll use that myself next time someone asks me one!
It's great to hear such positive comments re the 3 day schedule too, it gives the injury prone amongst us hope!
I'm running the FLM as my first marathon, and I'm definitely interested in using the FIRST programme, mainly becuase it seems possible given the average London schedule and work hours!
There more info on the FIRST website:
it might be of use.
happy running!
I see I was mentioned on here so felt obliged to post. I did as EPS said did my first marathon in 3:12 this year off the Furman First To Finish schedule. It really suited the way I run, the niggles I have to deal with and the time I have to devote to running. I managed to do 40 miles one week but usually averaged 35. I didn't really do much cross training, the odd swim, the odd cycle, but nothing structured.
I was playing with trying to up the mileage for my 2009 effort and was going to try a Pfitzinger and Douglas schedule but now think I'm going back to Furman again. The main problem with Furman is that every session is hard and you don't really get to just go out and enjoy running but for me the end result was the important thing. I also struggled to hit the shorter interval times but managed the threshold runs and LSR paces comfortably. It worked for me anyway.
Good luck.
Found this thread really interesting....Having completed 2 marathons previously (neither in my view sucessfully) I am considering trying this FIRST program for 1st timers. Followed RW training plans both times and both times picked up injurries leading up to marathon which makes me think I m not "robust" enough to do the training milage so maybe a programme with less milage may be better for me. I do regular half marathons in 1.30 but never beat 4.30 for marathon???
However, I dont fully understand my key run 1 workout pace....I do a 10k in 40mins. What should my 1 and 3minute fast pace be etc and also my pace for 400m, 800, and 1600m reps.
sorry if I appear dft but want to be sure I am not cheating my training....would appreciate any thoughts on the programme
Hurds, I too had trouble calculating my training paces. Follow this link and all the information you need should be there:
You can convert km's to miles by using the RW pace converter:
Hope that helps.
Hurds, sorry, I don't think you can find tall the information you want on the above links.
I have the book now (but not studied it properly yet), but with a 5K race time of 20 minutes (the tables are all based on your 5k pace so I've just halved your 10k pace) you should be doing:
1.27 400m pace, 2.12 600m pace, 2.57 800m pace, 3.43 1000m pace , 4.32 1200m pace, 6.10 1600m pace, 7.48 2000m pace, short tempo 6.43, mid tempo 6.58, long tempo 7.13, easy 8.18, mp 7.24
Let me know if your 5k pace is significantly less than 20 mins and I'll take a peek at the tables again for you.
I did Berlin in 3:10 on an average of 3 runs and about 25 miles a week. It wasn't how I'd planned to do it but it worked.
It was my 5th marathon in about 2.5 years though so I'd probably carried some fitness over. I'd stress that most of my runs were quality runs.....speedwork on Tuesday, 6-9 miles on Thursday and a long run on Sunday. Probably had a few gym sessions in there too.
I've done a lot of reading about this schedule here, on RW.com, and on Amazon.com (the US reviews for the Furman book). I'm planning to start the Furman schedule in 2 weeks, so can't speak from personal experience but can say that around 90-95% of all commentators who've done it are positive about it, many of them reporting major improvements in times, as well as reductions in injuries.
I also raised my eyebrows at the times of the 1600m sessions for the experienced marathoners' plan. Thought it was odd to start off with what seems like the toughest session, instead of building up to it. I'm probably going to aim to do a hybrid, of the beginners and advanced, with the tempo and long runs of the advanced plan, but a more measured approach to the intervals.
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Exploring The Real Liberty City - The Point
In the final episode of The Point Danny visits New York and spends 12 hours visiting his favorite locations in Liberty City.
In the final episode of The Point Danny visits New York and spends 12 hours visiting his favorite locations in Liberty City.
In honour of how bloody broken Dark Souls III has been for many of you, Jess takes a look at five other PC ports that arrived severely broken.
Piracy is a huge problem for games developers, so some took things into their own hands. A Batman who can't fly? Corrupted saves? Tough luck, pirates.
With the PC version of Grand Theft Auto 5 being delayed until March, we ask why one of the most successful studios in gaming has such a bad record at ...
Kevin Mark and Chris give us some insight into the review process; explaining embargoes, review criteria, collaborative editing, updated reviews and second looks. They also give us an idea of ...
The sun is out in Liberty City! Check out the differences in GTA IV when the iCEnhancer 3.0 mod is thrown into the picture.
With the release of the newest iCEnhancer mod for Grand Theft Auto IV, Shaun takes a look at all of the new mod updates, textures, lighting, and new effects. Oh, ...
We break down the invisible walls of gaming's open worlds to discover that they do in fact end, and how developers get creative in stopping players from going any further.
Danny explores his own history of online anger, and wonders what we can all do to make our games communities more tolerant.
Danny explores how GTA evolved from a top-down, arcade shooter to one of the biggest franchises in video games history.
It's all come down to this... get the rundown on our two finalists in the Greatest Game Series of the Decade Tournament: The Elder Scrolls and Grand Theft Auto.
It's all becoming so clear now... get the rundown on the final four contenders in our Greatest Game Series of the Decade tournament!
Now it's getting serious! There are 8 game series left in our bracket tournament, get the rundown and vote wisely.
GTA V development has finished, Rockstar refute claims GTA causes violence and EA says they are no longer in the business of making offline games.
Chris, Tom and Kevin discuss the seeding for the Greatest Game Series of the Decade! Voting begins on Wednesday, 8/21 @ 12pm noon PDT!
We run down the hottest deals to be found in Day 1 of Steam's Summer Sale.
Iron Niko Bellic takes to the streets of Liberty City. You've seen the movie, now step into the suit! What other GTA IV mods do you want to see?
Join Johnny as he stops for red lights, helps old ladies cross the road, and tries to put a stop to crime in Liberty City.
Xbox 360, PS3 compilation pack reportedly will include GTA: Episodes from Liberty City, L.A. Noire, Midnight Club: Los Angeles Complete Edition, and Red Dead Redemption for $60.
One year on from the London Riots, we took the battle to Liberty City. Join Danny, Seb and special guest Tamoor Hussain from CVG.
Remember when there was only one way to play through something? Maybe new games aren't that bad after all. Gareth Robinson thinks about freedom of choice in modern video games.
The Vocabularium may be about education, but we also like to throw people down a nice long staircase.
Everything you ever wanted to know about love and sex in video games. Warning: Contains scenes of digital nudity.
In this video, we take a drive by memory lane with Grand Theft Auto III!
GameSpot staff members share stories of their childhood fireworks mishaps, offer some grilling tips, and talk about the games you should be playing this weekend.
Start/Select goes daily! Johnny takes you through this week's best-selling games, checks in on Timesplitters 4, and looks over your feedback on GTAV.
Find out our special achievement winners in the Best of 2009 Awards!
GameSpot senior editor Justin Calvert wages war and parachutes off skyscrapers in this video review of Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City on the Xbox 360.
We check out 10 games we're terrified to play, for fear that they'll ruin our social lives.
Brian Ekberg walks us through all the new features of GTAIV: The Ballad of Gay Tony Multiplayer mode from Today On the Spot.
We go hands on with Grand Theft Auto IV: The Ballad of Gay Tony, show you some spooky stuff in Dementium 2 and BioShock 2, and more!
Grand Theft Auto IV: Ballad of Gay Tony, Left 4 Dead 2, and Forza Motorsport 3 are among the many downloadables available this week on Xbox Live.
Take out the yacht in this mission for GTAIV: The Ballad of Gay Tony.
Bumping and grinding in one of The Ballad of Gay Tony's nightclub minigames.
This week brings a full load of awesome games to retail shelves!
Check out the Sprunk Base Jump Challenge!
The latest gameplay for GTAIV: The Ballad of Gay Tony features a TMZ-style TV show exposing the private lives of the rich and famous.
Like they always say, there's always a girl...
Get the scoop on another fine Liberty City citizen: Yusuf Amir.
This week the GS AU crew hits the club with Gay Tony, checks out PS3-exclusive Heavy Rain, and meets the voice of Mario. Plus we chat with the developers behind ...
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by John MacArthur
Sadly and ironically, in its attempt to achieve cultural relevance, mainstream evangelicalism has become essentially irrelevant. As Os Guiness points out, [1][Os Guiness, Dining with the Devil (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1993), pp. 64–67] the seductive promise of "relevance" is, in reality, the road to irrelevance. When the church markets itself like the world, the distinctiveness of its message is lost and the gospel is irretrievably compromised. The entertainment value may be high, attracting throngs each week; but the eternal value is conspicuously absent, as those same people go home unchallenged and unchanged.
Besides, the quest for cultural relevance is contrary to everything Scripture teaches about church ministry. Preachers are called to preach the Word of God, unfiltered by notions of political correctness, undiluted by the preacher's own ideas, and unadapted to the spirit of the age.
That is how I have approached ministry from the beginning. My father was a pastor, and when I first told him years ago that I believed God was calling me to a life of ministry, he gave me a Bible in which he had inscribed these words of encouragement: "Preach the Word!" That simple statement became the compelling stimulus in my heart. It is the one thing I have endeavored to do above all else in my ministry: preach the Word.
Pastors today face relentless pressure to do everything but preach the Word. They are encouraged to be storytellers, comedians, psychologists, or motivational speakers. They are warned to steer clear of topics that people find unpleasant. Many have given up biblical preaching in favor of shallow talks designed to make people feel good. Some have even replaced preaching with drama and other forms of staged entertainment.
But the pastor whose passion is biblical has only one option: "Preach the word; be ready in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort, with great patience and instruction" (2 Timothy 4:2).
When Paul wrote those words to Timothy, he added this prophetic warning: "The time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but wanting to have their ears tickled, they will accumulate for themselves teachers in accordance to their own desires, and will turn away their ears from the truth" (2 Timothy 4:3-4).
Clearly there was no room in Paul's philosophy of ministry for the give-people-what-they-want theory that is so prevalent today. He was no "man pleaser" (Galatians 1:10; Ephesians 6:6). He did not urge Timothy to conduct a survey to find out what his people wanted. He commanded him to preach the Word—faithfully, reprovingly, and patiently.
In fact, far from urging Timothy to devise a ministry that would garner accolades from the world, Paul warned the young pastor about suffering and hardship! Paul was not telling Timothy how to be "successful"; he was encouraging him to follow the divine standard. He was not advising him to pursue prosperity, power, prominence, popularity, or any of the other worldly notions of success. He was urging the young pastor to be biblical—regardless of the consequences.
Preaching the Word is not easy. The stringent discipline required to interpret Scripture accurately is a constant burden, and the message we are required to proclaim is often offensive. Christ Himself is a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense (Romans 9:33; 1 Peter 2:8). The message of the cross is a stumbling block to some (1 Corinthians 1:23; Galatians 5:11) and mere foolishness to others (1 Corinthians 1:23).
But we are never permitted to trim the message or tailor it to people's preferences. Paul made this clear to Timothy at the end of chapter 3: "All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness" (2 Timothy 3:16, emphasis added). This is the Word to be preached: the whole counsel of God (cf. Acts 20:27).
In chapter 1 Paul had told Timothy, "Retain the standard of sound words which you have heard from me" (2 Timothy 1:13). He was speaking of the revealed words of Scripture—all of it. He urged Timothy to "Guard . . . the treasure which has been entrusted to you" (2 Timothy 1:14). Then in chapter 2 he told him to study the Word and handle it accurately (2 Timothy 2:15). He then brings the epistle to its summit by urging him to proclaim God's Word no matter what. So the entire task of the faithful minister revolves around the Word of God—guarding it, studying it, and proclaiming it.
In Colossians 1 the apostle Paul, describing his own ministry philosophy, writes, "Of this church I was made a minister according to the stewardship from God bestowed on me for your benefit, so that I might fully carry out the preaching of the word of God" (Colossians 1:25, emphasis added). In 1 Corinthians he goes a step further: "When I came to you, brethren, I did not come with superiority of speech or of wisdom, proclaiming to you the testimony of God. For I determined to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ, and Him crucified" (1 Corinthians 2:1-2). In other words, his goal as a preacher was not to entertain people with his rhetorical style, or to amuse them with cleverness, humor, novel insights, or sophisticated methodology. He simply preached Christ crucified.
Faithfully preaching and teaching the Word must be the very heart of our ministry philosophy. Any other approach replaces the voice of God with human wisdom. Philosophy, politics, humor, psychology, homespun advice, and personal opinion can never accomplish what the Word of God does. Those things may be interesting, informative, entertaining, and sometimes even helpful—but they are not the business of the church. The preacher's task is not to be a conduit for human wisdom; he is God's voice to speak to the congregation. No human message comes with the stamp of divine authority—only the Word of God. How dare any preacher substitute another message?
I frankly do not understand preachers who are willing to abdicate this solemn privilege. Why should we proclaim the wisdom of men when we have the privilege of preaching the Word of God?
With that in mind, over the next few days and weeks I want to give you ten reasons I'm still preaching the Bible after forty-five years of pulpit ministry. This is not an exhaustive list, but I trust it will encourage you to be faithful to proclaim the Word of God to the people of God through the power of the Spirit of God.
(Adapted from The Master's Plan for the Church.)
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The void of good Preachers and teachers has been partially filled by showman, cool guys, talkers not doers, and dull blades that don't pierce the heart with the truth. Thank you for your diligence to the word in a fast food day in age.
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It is a true blessing for the church to have you as a pastor, thank you by exposing so clearly the message of life and salvation, thank you, because despite the burden and how unpopular it may be to the world the message, you follow faithfully expounding Scripture, thanks give my Lord for your life.
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Your ministry is a breath of fresh air. Having canned my TV four years ago, I get a chance to listen to at least one sermon each night, sometimes more. I consider it a real blessing. I am curious, John, as to why you don't preach more on end-times prophecy, as it relates to current events. With today's dramatic circumstances surrounding Israel, it would seem to be more relevant now than ever. To me it is the only interesting portion of Scripture that you don't touch on very much. Of course, you may consider your sermons on Revelation to fit this good enough, and they do, but I'm sure you understand my point. With your knowledge and insight, I feel a little lost not hearing from you on this very important subject. Especially you.
Amen Brother John! Looking forward to your 10 reasons. Sharing this post now because it's rich in truth.
Well said, Pastor MacArthur!! I praise our Gracious God for all that you said, Dr. MacArthur, and I also praise the work of The Divine Holy Spirit that sets your mind and heart to an absolute, pure heart's determination and strictness to teaching and preaching the Word of God that exhaults our Savior, The Lord Jesus Christ. I listen to your sermons every day and/or every night; sometimes both. I try to catch your radio broadcasts, but I do look them up on your website, together with your television broadcasts; I listen to every word of the sermons you have taught, past and present, and I am now beginning to study along with them. I pray and do trust God is raising up Pastors from TMS who will continue your tireless teaching which will continue to be a blessing to the world. I am without words enough to express the joy of learning truth in Scripture, and also, that you hold steadfast to teaching as God would have you teach. I wish I could remember which of the many doxologies I heard from a sermon I heard on GTY just this morning which would fit what praise and worship I want to give to The Lord at this moment, but my head swims from all that you teach though I do try to absorb it all; I have your Study Bible and a few of your books. Thank you, Dr. MacArthur and Grace to You for all that I learn and am able to share with family and friends. You are faithful to The Word. As you once said, "You will go nowhere until faith dominates your life. Period." I wrote those words in my JM Study Bible, together with something I also heard you say on a radio broadcast: "We are all creatures of faith, even if our faith rests upon the unreliable. All, though, can develop faith in the worthwhile when we finally learn, once and for all, His Word (Word) is the reliable truth (Truth). He signed it with His life (Life). That is how I wrote it in my Bible and shared with my adult children, with the emphasis on the words that represent Christ: Word, Truth and Life. Thank you and I thank God for your relentless desire to teach others the truest form of pastoring to the many in the world who are listening. I am thankful for the outreach of The Strange Fire Conference and that you are unwilling to stop there. I know you will be faithful until the end; meanwhile, you are teaching us how to be faithful and the reason it is so important to our lives and to that of our family and friends to be taught, learn and grow so that we may also be faithful until the end. I cannot thank you enough. I pray for your continued, blessed ministry and its very specific teachings of God's Word; an outreach that I know God honors; with all my heart, I believe God will see to it that no details are lost as He continues to raise up faithful teachers, such as yourself, who will bring Truth to people like me who live across the U.S. from GCC, as well as others around the Earth that God, Himself created. To God be the Glory. Carry on the faithfulness to teaching the Truth; precious fruit!
John, I want to thank you for this blog. And you are right. A lot of churches go the entertainment way.
But unfortunately it is also possible to go the other way: preach hard against sin, teach people tithing money, which is not scriptural (Israel (!) was supposed to tithe on produce and herd animals), and make no distinction between Old Covenant and New Covenant. On the top of that many of these churches teach easy prayerism (absence of biblical repentance) and yet still think they are biblical. Balanced wholesome preaching is key.
This article is so thought provoking
Praise The Lord Jesus for you and your boldness to proclaim the true gospel
Message. It doesn't matter what man saids preach the word of God without
apology. Praise The Lord for the attacks which confirms the truth
in your preaching. It doesn't matter what man saids or thinks. It's all
about what the Word saids.
"Pastors today face relentless pressure to do everything but preach the Word. They are encouraged to be storytellers, comedians, psychologists, or motivational speakers. They are warned to steer clear of topics that people find unpleasant. Many have given up biblical preaching in favor of shallow talks designed to make people feel good. Some have even replaced preaching with drama and other forms of staged entertainment."
Absolutely a recurring feature of the New England church plants. If you can't tell whether you are in a house of God or a Software Expo, you need to find a church where the difference is evident. Too many pastors in Cambridge and Boston suburbs who draw attention to themselves with anecdotes about their lives and use projector screens as punch lines for their topical sermons.
Thank God for the expository preachers like MacArthur who use social media as a tool to further the gospel and not as a substitute for the Word.
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Monday, April 22, 2013
Metro Achieves Level III of SMS Project
Three years after entering FAA's voluntary Safety Management Systems (SMS) pilot project, Metro Aviation has entered Level III of the program.
SMS is recognized by the U.S. Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as a measurement for effective management of safety in the aviation industry. FAA's SMS pilot studies assists the agency in developing implementation strategies and oversight interfaces for managing safety.
Metro Aviation has committed to establishing an active SMS for its Part 145 Repair Station in Shreveport, La., and expects to enter Level IV of the FAA program in 2014.
Related: Safety News


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Active Music Festival Blooms in OaklandPosted by Polly Moller in Big Band, Contemporary Classical, Festivals, Improv, jazz, Music Events, Orchestras, San Francisco
The San Francisco Bay Area has long been a friendly and nurturing environment for musicians "without a home" – operating between and outside of genres. For those shut out of the concert halls and jazz clubs, it's been a haven where non-traditional musicians build non-traditional alliances, and run non-traditional music venues and concert series where they can take risks and create uncompromising work. Over decades of community-building and creative ferment, this lack of formal boundaries has defined the sound and feel of the scene, interweaving free improvisation with elements of noise, minimalism, rock, jazz, drone, chamber music, electronica, and other more slippery sounds which resist categorization.
The scene's relentless DIY approach has led to the establishment of numerous artist-run concert series and festivals, of which the Outsound New Music Summit, the Tom's Place house concert series in Berkeley, the SIMM Series at the Musicians' Union Hall, the Wednesday and Sunday series at the Berkeley Arts Festival Space, and the San Francisco Electronic Music Festival are just a few examples. This month they'll be joined by a brand-new one, the Active Music Festival, covering February 20-22 in downtown Oakland. Read the rest of this entry »
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Arizona is working to implement new standards in English language arts and in mathematics, called Arizona's College and Career Ready Standards that will ensure your child has the academic knowledge and skills to be successful in college, career and life. Academic standards set the expectation for what students need to know and be able to do in each grade and subject. They form the foundation of what teachers teach and students learn in the classroom.
The new Standards are important because they will not only improve what your child learns, but how he learns by teaching critical-thinking, problem solving, and effective communication skills. They will also better prepare your child to compete for the jobs of the future with students from around the world.
The new Standards and future assessments will also be consistent across states, which means that as families move to a new state or to a new school district, their teachers will be able to better assess your child's abilities and know where he may need support in a way that is not possible now.
Greater Opportunities for Parent & Family Engagement
The Standards also allow parents, students and teachers to be on the same page about student learning and to set high expectations together. When you know what your child will be learning in the classroom, you and your child's teacher can identify when your child needs extra help or need to be challenged more.


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Martin Scorsese's "George Harrison: Living in the Material World" - exclusive trailer
http://uk.movies.yahoo.com/blog/article ... ailer.html
Moderator: Mike
I am the Paulrus wrote:When I was programming my DVR for "George Harrison: Living in the Material World", I thought it was all in one film being broadcast over two nights. hen I find out it's in two parts. Those of you who didn't know Part 1 is HBO on Weds., Oct. 5 @ 8pm CT and 11pm. Part 2 on Thurs., Oct. 6 @ 8pm. I didn't see any listings of a later re-broadcast of part 2.
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Monday, October 21, 2013
NBAA: Citation Latitude on Schedule
Cessna announced at NBAA its Citation Latitude mid-size business jet is on schedule for its first prototype flight in the first quarter of 2014.
"We have nearly finished with the Latitude wing, and the Latitude fuselage is almost complete. The team is looking forward to showing some outstanding features to Latitude customers. The Garmin G5000 avionics are clearly a big step ahead in convenience and ease of operation for business jet operators in the mid-size category, but we are also delivering a high-powered cooling system, a stand-up flat floor cabin and in a first for a Cessna Citation, an electronically-operated door," said Terry Shriner, Cessna business leader for the Latitude.
Latitude has a range of 2,500 nm and a maximum cruising altitude of 45,000 feet (13,106 meters). The Latitude takes up to nine passengers. Avionics on the Latitude consists of four glass touch-screen control panels. Two of the four panels are installed on the center pedestal for MFD control, and two additional panels control each PFD. Pilots can customize displays via the touch-screen control panels, organizing and prioritizing the flight data that's presented. Additional functionality offered includes tuning communication and navigation radios and managing specific aircraft systems.


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Przewalski's horse
Przewalski's horse (pronounced pron.: /ʃɨˈvælski/ shə-VAL-skee or /zɨˈvɑːlski/ zə-VAHL-skee; Polish: [pʂɛˈvalski]; Equus ferus przewalskii, Mongolian: Тахь, Takhi)[2] or Dzungarian horse, is a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse (Equus ferus) native to the steppes of central Asia, specifically Mongolia.[3] At one time extinct in the wild (in Mongolia, the last wild Przewalski's horses had been seen in 1966), it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu National Park, Takhin Tal Nature Reserve, and Khomiin Tal.[1] The taxonomic position is still debated, and some taxonomists treat Przewalski's horse as a species, Equus przewalskii.
Common names for this equine include Asian wild horse, Przewalski's Wild Horse, Mongolian wild horse, and Tahki. Historical but obsolete names include true tarpan[4] and Mongolian tarpan. The horse is named after the Russian geographer and explorer Nikolai Przhevalsky.
Most "wild" horses today, such as the American Mustang or the Australian Brumby, are actually feral horses descended from domesticated animals that escaped and adapted to life in the wild. In contrast, Przewalski's horse has never been successfully domesticated and remains a truly wild animal today. Przewalski's horse is one of three known subspecies of Equus ferus, the others being the domesticated horse, Equus caballus and the extinct tarpan (Equus ferus ferus). The Przewalski's horse is considered the only remaining truly wild "horse" in the world and may be the closest living wild relative of the domesticated horse. There are still a number of other wild equines, including three species of zebra and various subspecies of the African wild ass, onager (including the Mongolian wild ass) and kiang.
The Przewalski's horse was described in 1881 by L. S. Poliakov. The taxonomic position of Przewalski's horse has always been problematic and no consensus exists whether it is a full species (Equus przewalskii), a subspecies of the wild horse (Equus ferus przewalskii), or even a sub-population of the horse (Equus ferus).[5][6][7] Studies using DNA have been inconclusive, in part due to crossing domestic horses into the Przewalski's horse as well as the limited genetic variation present in the founder population of the Przewalski's horse. A 2009 molecular study using ancient DNA recovered from archaeological finds like bones and teeth places the Przewalski's horse in the middle of the domesticated horses,[7] but more recent mitochondrial DNA analysis suggests that the Przewalski and the modern domestic horse diverged some 160,000 years ago.[8] The karyotype of the domestic horse differs from that of Przewalski's horse by an extra chromosome pair either because of the fission of domestic horse chromosome 5 in Przewalski's horse or fusion of Przewalski's horse chromosomes 23 and 24 in the domestic horse. In comparison, the chromosomal differences between domestic horses and zebras include numerous translocations, fusions, and inversions. Przewalski's horse is known to have the highest diploid chromosome number among all equine species. Przewalski's horse can interbreed with the domestic horse and produce fertile offspring (65 chromosomes).[5]
All Przewalski horses in the world are descended from nine of the 31 horses in captivity in 1945.[9] These nine horses were mostly descended from approximately 15 captured around 1900. A cooperative venture between the Zoological Society of London and Mongolian scientists has resulted in successful reintroduction of these horses from zoos into their natural habitat in Mongolia; and as of 2011 there is an estimated free-ranging population of over 300 in the wild.[10] The total number of these horses according to a 2005 census was about 1,500.[11]
Przewalski's horse is stockily built in comparison to domesticated horses, with shorter legs. Typical height is about 13 hands (52 inches, 132 cm), length is about 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in). They weigh around 300 kilograms (660 lb). The coat is generally dun in color with pangaré features, varying from dark brown around the mane (which stands erect) to pale brown on the flanks and yellowish-white on the belly and around the muzzle. The legs of Przewalski's horse are often faintly striped, also typical of primitive markings.[12] The tail is about 90 cm (35.43 in) long, with a longer dock and shorter hair than seen in domesticated horses.
In the wild, Przewalski's horses live in small, permanent family groups consisting of one adult stallion, one to three mares, and their common offspring. Offspring stay in the family group until they are no longer dependent, usually at two or three years old. Bachelor stallions, and sometimes old stallions, join bachelor groups. Family groups can join together to form a herd that move together.
The patterns of their daily lives exhibit horse behavior similar to that of feral horse herds. Stallions herd, drive and defend all members of their family, while the mare often displays leadership in the family. Stallions and mares stay with their preferred partner for years.
Horses maintain visual contact with their family and herd at all times and have a host of ways to communicate with one another, including vocalizations, scent marking, and a wide range of visual and tactile signals. Each kick, groom, tilt of the ear, or other contact with another horse is a means of communicating. This constant communication leads to complex social behaviors among Przewalski's horses.[13]
In the 15th century, Johann Schiltberger recorded one of the first European sightings of the horses in the journal of his trip to Mongolia as a prisoner of the Mongol Khan.[14] The horse is named after the Russian colonel Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839–1888) (the name is of Polish origin and "Przewalski" is the Polish spelling). He was the explorer and naturalist who first described the horse in 1881, after having gone on an expedition to find it, based on rumors of its existence. Many of these horses were captured around 1900 by Carl Hagenbeck and placed in zoos. As noted above, about twelve to fifteen reproduced and formed today's population.
The native population declined in the 20th century due to a combination of factors, with the wild population in Mongolia dying out in the 1960s. The last herd was sighted in 1967 and the last individual horse in 1969. Expeditions after this failed to locate any horses, and the species had been designated "extinct in the wild" for over 30 years.
After 1945 only two captive populations in zoos remained, in Munich and in Prague. The most valuable group, in Askania Nova, Ukraine, was shot by German soldiers during World War II occupation, and the group in the United States had died out.
By the end of the 1950s, only 12 individual Przewalski's horses were left in the world.[15]
In 1977, the Foundation for the Preservation and Protection of the Przewalski horse was founded in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, by Jan and Inge Bouman. The Foundation started a program of exchange between captive populations in zoos throughout the world to reduce inbreeding, and later began a breeding program of its own. As a result of such efforts, the extant herd has retained a far greater genetic diversity than its genetic bottleneck made likely.[15]
In 1992, sixteen horses were released into the wild in Mongolia, followed by additional animals later on. One of the areas to which they were reintroduced became Khustain Nuruu National Park in 1998. Another reintroduction site is Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area, located at the fringes of the Gobi desert. Lastly, in 2004 and 2005, 22 horses were released by the Association Takh to a third reintroduction site in the buffer zone of the Khar Us Nuur National Park, in the northern edge of the Gobi ecoregion.
The reintroduced horses successfully reproduced, and the status of the animal was changed from "extinct in the wild" to "endangered" in 2005.[11] On the IUCN Red List, they were reclassified from "extinct in the wild" to "critically endangered" after a reassessment in 2008[16] and from "critically endangered" to "endangered" after a 2011 reassessment.[10]
Preservation efforts
While dozens of zoos worldwide have Przewalski's horses in small numbers, there are also specialized reserves dedicated primarily to the species.
The world's largest captive breeding program for Przewalski's horses is at the Askania Nova preserve in Ukraine. Several dozen Przewalski's horses were also released in the area evacuated after the Chernobyl accident, which now serves as a deserted de facto natural preserve.[17] An intensely researched population of free-ranging animals was also introduced to the Hortobágy puszta in Hungary; data on social structure, behavior and diseases gathered from these animals is used to improve the Mongolian conservation effort.
Several American zoos also collaborated in breeding Equus ferus przewalskii from 1979 to 1982.[18] Recent advances in equine reproductive science in the United States also have potential to further preserve and expand the gene pool. In October 2007, scientists at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoo successfully reversed a vasectomy on a Przewalski's horse — the first operation of its kind on this species and possibly the first ever on any endangered species. While normally a vasectomy may be performed on an endangered animal under limited circumstances, particularly if an individual has already produced many offspring and its genes are overrepresented in the population, scientists realized the animal in question was one of the most genetically valuable Przewalski's horses in the North American breeding program.[19]
Le Villaret, located in the Cevennes National Park in southern France and run by the Association Takh, is a breeding site for Przewalski Horses that was created to allow the free expression of natural Przewalski's horse behaviors. Eleven zoo-born horses were brought to Le Villaret in 1993. Horses born there are adapted to life in the wild: they are free to choose their own mates and must forage on their own. Such a unique breeding site was necessary to produce the individuals that were reintroduced to Mongolia in 2004 and 2005. In 2012 there were 39 individuals at Le Villaret.[20]
The Przewalski's Horse Reintroduction Project of China was initiated in 1985 when 11 wild horses were imported from overseas. After more than two decades of effort, the Xinjiang Wild Horse Breeding Centre has bred a large number of the horses, of which 55 were released into the Kalamely Mountain area. The animals quickly adapted to their new environment. In 1988, six foals were born and survived, and by 2001 there were over 100 horses at the centre.
See also
- Mongolian horse (domestic)
- ^ a b Boyd, L. & King, S. R. B. (2011). "Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/7961. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
- ^ "The Takhi". International Takhi-Group. http://www.savethewildhorse.org/takhi.html. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
- ^ Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Perissodactyla". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 630-631. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14100018.
- ^ William Ridgeway (1908). "Environment and race". The Geographical Journal (Royal Geographical Society.) 32 (4): 405–412. doi:10.2307/1776930. JSTOR 1776930. http://books.google.com/?id=MqgMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA407&dq=tarpan., page 407
- ^ a b lau, Allison; Lei Peng, Hiroki Goto, Leona Chemnick, Oliver A. Ryder, Kateryna D. Makova (2009). "Horse Domestication and Conservation Genetics of Przewalski's Horse Inferred from Sex Chromosomal and Autosomal Sequences". Mol. Biol. Evol. 26 (1): 199–208. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn239. PMID 18931383.
- ^ Kavar, Tatjana; Peter Dovč (2008). "Domestication of the horse: Genetic relationships between domestic and wild horses". Livestock Science 116: 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.03.002.
- ^ a b Cai, Dawei; Zhuowei Tang, Lu Han, Camilla F. Speller, Dongya Y. Yang, Xiaolin Ma, Jian'en Cao, Hong Zhu, Hui Zhou (2009). "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the origin of the Chinese domestic horse". Journal of Archaeological Science 36 (3): 835–842. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.006.
- ^ O A Ryder, A R Fisher, B Schultz, S Kosakovsky Pond, A Nekrutenko, K D Makova. "A massively parallel sequencing approach uncovers ancient origins and high genetic variability of endangered Przewalski's horses". Genome Biology and Evolution. 2011
- ^ Boyd, Lee. (1994). Przewalski's Horse, p. 1.
- ^ a b "Another leap towards the Barometer of Life". International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 10 November 2011. http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/red_list/?8548/Another-leap-towards-the-Barometer-of-Life.
- ^ a b "An extraordinary return from the brink of extinction for worlds last wild horse" ZSL Living Conservation, December 19, 2005.
- ^ National Zoo information on Przewalski's horse
- ^ Feh, C., 2005. Relationships and communication in socially natural horse herds. In: The Domestic Horse: the Evolution, Development and Management of its Behaviour. Ed. by Daniel Mills & Sue McDonnell, Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Breeds of Livestock - Przewalski Horse
- ^ a b O. A. Ryder et al, ibid
- ^ IUCN Red List - Equus ferus
- ^ Mulvey, Stephen (April 20, 2006). "Wildlife defies Chernobyl radiation". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4923342.stm. Retrieved October 3, 2007.
- ^ Oliver A. Rydera and Elizabeth A. Wedemeyera, "A cooperative breeding programme for the Mongolian wild horse Equus przewalskii in the United States," Biological Conservation, Volume 22, Issue 4, April 1982, pp. 259-271, abstract found at Science Direct website. Accessed February 24, 2010.
- ^ "Zoo Performs First Reverse Vasectomy on Horse" The Horse online edition, citing Associated Press, June 17, 2008.
- ^ "Przewalski's Horse - the last wild horse" leaflet produced by TAKH, available on-line [1]
- Boyd, Lee and Katherine A. Houpt. (1994). Przewalski's Horse: The History and Biology of an Endangered Species. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 10-ISBN 0-7914-1889-8; 13-ISBN 978-0-7914-1889-5; OCLC 28256312
- Forestry Commission. 2004. FC Wales turns clock back thousands of years with 'wild' solution to looking after ancient forest site. News release, No: 7001, September 16, 2004. [2]
- International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84. [3].
- Ishida, Nobushige; et al. (1995). "Mitochondrial DNA sequences of various species of the genus Equus with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Przewalskii's wild horse and domestic horse". Journal of Molecular Evolution 41 (2): 180–188. doi:10.1007/BF00170671. PMID 7666447.
- Jansen, Thomas; et al. (2002). "Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse". PNAS 99 (16): 10905–10910. doi:10.1073/pnas.152330099. PMC 125071. PMID 12130666. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC125071/.
- King, S. R. B.; Gurnell, J. (2006). "Scent-marking behaviour by stallions: an assessment of function in a reintroduced population of Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii)". Journal of Zoology 272 (1): 30–36. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00243.x.
- Wakefield, S., Knowles, J., Zimmermann, W. and Van Dierendonck, M. 2002. "Status and action plan for the Przewalski's Horse (Equus ferus przewalski)". In: P.D. Moehlman (ed.) Equids: Zebras, Asses and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, pp. 82–92. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. [4]
- Wilford, John Noble (October 11, 2005). "Foal by Foal, the Wildest of Horses Is Coming Back". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/11/science/11hors.html.
- [5]
- http://www.china.org.cn/english/environment/237442.htm
- Cao Jie, Przewalski's Horse Reintroduction Project of China
- Przewalski's Horse - Equus ferus przewalskii; IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group; Species Survival Groups ([6])
Further reading
- Heptner, V. G. ; Nasimovich, A. A. ; Bannikov, A. G. ; Hoffman, R. S. (1988) Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume I, Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation


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Embraceable Cool Nights
Black PJ Top
Style: 3570059883
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Ultra comfortable, this easy-fitting empire waist top is embellished with waves of feminine picot-trimmed lace. From our Embraceable™ collection featuring the soothing comfort of our innovative Cool Nights™ knit. Wear with the Black PJ Short.
- Superior to cotton in softness, our Cool Nights™ breathable knit keeps you cool and dry.
- Light gathers shape the bodice.
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- Stretch knit retains shape and silky drape, even after countless washings.
- Non-cling.
- Length: 28.5".
- 93% Rayon, 7% Spandex. Machine wash, cold. Imported.
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Grilled Prime Rib
Recipe courtesy of Michael Chiarello
There is nothing better than a prime rib roast, especially if you can find one that is USDA Prime. The problem is the amount of time it[ takes and the financial risk if carved undercooked. I solved the problem by creating this recipe. You get all the benefits of the roast with none of the risk. Cooking Notes: The most important rule to remember is ROOM temperature meat and time to rest after you cook it. Remember to pre-order your meat if you want Prime beef. Wine Notes: Can you say Cabernet Sauvignon? This is the place to pull out one of the old ones if you have it. Many wine shops have some past vintages in back ready for the asking!]
- 3 USDA Prime rib-eye steaks, each about 2 1/2 pounds and 1 3/4 to 2-inches thick
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 2 heads garlic, cloves peeled
- 6 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil, divided
- 2 sprigs rosemary
- 2 lemons
Preheat the grill.
Remove the steaks from the refrigerator and allow them to come to room temperature.
Season steaks generously on both sides with salt and pepper. Press the salt and pepper into the steaks. Set aside.
Make the garlic paste: Trim the stem ends off garlic cloves.
Place a small skillet over medium heat and add 4 tablespoons of the oil. Add the garlic cloves and bring the oil to a simmer, then reduce the heat to low. Strip the leaves off 2 sprigs rosemary and chop to make 2 tablespoons. Add the rosemary to the garlic and cook until the cloves are golden brown, about 10 minutes, tossing occasionally with tongs.
Remove the skillet from the heat and allow the garlic to cool in the oil.
In a mortar or on a cutting board, mash the garlic into a paste. Mix the mashed garlic with the reserved oil and rosemary. You should have about 1/2 cup of paste.
Place the meat on a hot grill and cook until well browned on both sides, about 5 minutes on the first side and 3 minutes on the second side.
Cut 2 lemons in half and cut ends off. Brush with olive oil and season with salt and pepper. Place the lemons on the grill with the steaks and serve with the steak.
Smear 2 generous tablespoons of the paste over the first seared side of each steak. Place the steaks, paste side facing up, on the grill rack.
Finish cooking on the cool side of the grill, with the lid on or in the oven until done to your preference, 10 to 12 minutes for rare (remove when an instant-read thermometer registers 120 degrees F).
Remove the steaks from the grill and allow the steaks to rest on the rack for about 10 minutes. Cover and keep warm while resting.
Transfer the steaks to a cutting board. Cut between the bone and meat of each steak. Cut each steak crosswise into 1-inch slices.
Recipe courtesy of Michael Chiarello
Pairs Well With
Cabernet Sauvignon
Rich, intense red wine
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13 inspiring spaces — from minimal to over-the-top glam
Winka Dubbeldam's 12 Must-Haves
13 inspiring spaces — from minimal to over-the-top glamMore
Cameron Diaz—whose breakout role was in the 1998 comedy There's Something About Mary—owned the 2,400-square-foot prewar apartment for several years before she decided to heed the impulse she had on first seeing the place, which featured all-white rooms done up in a vaguely nautical theme. "I knew right away that the space needed color," she says. A professed design freak—she recently took on the role of artistic director for the fashion-accessories label Pour La Victoire—Diaz spent time compiling tear sheets of rooms that she loved rather than hiring a designer right away. "The majority ended up being homes Kelly had done," Diaz adds. That's not surprising, given Wearstler's fondness for spinning the color wheel with abandon through every room she creates. For Diaz's apartment, it landed on the hues of burnished metals and lustrous minerals: malachite, onyx, rose gold, silver, and copper.
In the living room of actress Cameron Diaz's Manhattan apartment, which was designed by Kelly Wearstler, the swivel armchair by the window is by Milo Baughman, and the Murano-glass chandelier, cocktail table, and stools are vintage; the armchair is upholstered in a Clarence House fabric, and the wallcovering by de Gournay and rug by Mansour Modern are custom designs.
In actress Sarah Jessica Parker's Bridgehampton, New York, living room, cozy furnishings and graphic fabrics stand out against walls coated in Benjamin Moore Super White. The Lack Parsons-style tables by IKEA were lacquered a glossy white, the sofa is slipcovered in sturdy brown denim, and a polished-chrome Fluted Column lamp is by Ralph Lauren Home.
Frida Giannini: Her 12 Must-Haves


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Perfect Pooch Dog Training expands to new location
BROCTON – Perfect Pooch Dog Training is proud to announce that classes will now be held at 64 Old Mill Road in Brocton. Owner Kristin Yonkers had been hosting classes out of Tail Waggers Boutique in Fredonia.
"It was an amazing opportunity and a wonderful example of local businesses coming together, I thank the staff at Tail Waggers for letting me host classes there for the past few years. With interest in agility and a higher demand for classes I needed to expand," Yonkers said. "The new pooch-friendly facility features a large indoor space where dogs can comfortably learn new cues, tricks and techniques. The space also goes to an outdoor area where dogs can master their behaviors around distractions."
Perfect Pooch Dog Training uses positive training methods and offers classes for all stages of life and ability. AKC STAR Puppy offers the best curriculum to start puppies on the right paw, uniquely offering strategies to make the most out of the first critical learning periods in a puppy's life. Basic Obedience is for the puppy at heart adult dogs that need to learn basic cues like sit, stay, come and overcoming behaviors like barking and jumping. Social Skills is aimed for dogs that are pretty good with commands that just need more exposure to distractions like other people and dogs. Agility Fun is for high-energy learners and dogs that want to further training. The class introduces agility obstacles like the weave poll, A-frame and hoops. And for dogs that aim for being a therapy dog or simply want to achieve greatness the Canine Good Citizen Prep class is offered as well as testing. The new facility provides a great area for private classes too.
Yonkers is an Animal Behavior College certified dog trainer and approved mentor trainer and an AKC approved evaluator for the Canine Good Citizen and STAR. Puppy tests. Kristin has been training dogs officially since 2009. To sign up for classes visit perfectpoochdogtraining.weebly.com.


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Expert Q & A Answers About biting pain
I itch in the testicle region. And one testicle looks bigger than before...also, my scrotum can get really red. What's going on?
Over the last year, I've been itching in the testicle region...it comes and goes. My scrotum can get really red, and sometimes it feels like shooting pain or insects biting. One of my testicles also looks bigger than before. What's going on?


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B.W. Coopers Half and Half Lemonade Tea - Mini Bottle - 1 Bottle Makes 1 Gallon - 8 Count
by B.W. Cooper | Item #: 461450 |
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About this itemReal Iced Brewed Tea
After a 40 year apprenticeship in the field, the title of "Tea Master" is often used to describe this modern-day master B.W. Cooper. Premium tea leaves are brewed and concentrated to make his own signature blend of iced tea. This is made from real brewed tea leaves, with no artificial colors or flavor. Simply mix with water and experience a burst of delicious, refreshing, iced brewed tea.
Mixing Instructions: The 4 oz. bottle of concentrate tea will make one full gallon simply by adding water. You can also mix this by the quart with 1 oz. concentrate tea added to water. Another option is making by the glass. Simply mix two teaspoons with 16 oz. of water. Add ice and enjoy.
- Kosher Certified
- Quick Serve
- 4 oz. Half and Half Lemonade Tea
- Yields 4 Quarts ( 1 Gallon)
- 8 wk. shelf life opened 12 month shelf life unopened
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text: This year in the 2011 fantasy baseball season, it has been really tough to pick out more than just one plausible triple crown candidate. In the Fantasy baseball world, a triple crown player is of the utmost value to a manager trying to make a push for the fantasy baseball title. A player that leads the league in average, RBI and home runs, is a player that can lead your team to the playoffs and finals by himself, or at least play a huge role in doing so! In this list of triple crown threat(s), honorable mentions after Jose Bautista and Jay Bruce will be of no shortage. (more…)