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The dab is a small and very common flatfish, similar in general shape to the plaice Pleuronectes platessa, and flounder Platichthys flesus. Both eyes are on the right side of the body. The basic colour is brown with darker blotches and small speckles. Some fish may have a few orange spots but these are not as well developed as they are in the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. The most characteristic feature is the lateral line, which is strongly arched. Most dab reach only 25 cm long but individuals up to 42 cm have been found.Spawning depends on water temperature and therefore on latitude but is in spring and early summer around Britain. Dab will eat almost any bottom-living animal they catch. This includes brittlestars, small sea urchins, fish, worms, crustaceans and molluscs. The dab has a characteristic method of feeding (which it shares with the lemon sole). The fish raises its head and front part of the body up over a suitable site and waits for a prey to emerge. It then strikes rapidly down and bites it. In spite of their small size, they are a popular food fish with a good flavour and are moderately important commercially. They are caught in trawls and seine nets.
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RickStark79 wrote:2 of 3 wrote:You mean like....baseball? Yawn
PS....don't you dare say a bad thing about hockey, or I'll have to put on some equipment, find a rink, and then fight you.
I won't. And once the NHL comes back from the lockout, it's gonna be... Oh wait, it did come back. Did it?? Hmmm...If a tree falls in the forest, and no one hears it....
Hockey is the best game in the world son!

subset: commoncrawl


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The Bahai Community of Central Ohio celebrated Baha'u'llah yesterday, joining Bahais around the world in commemorating the prophet's birth on Nov. 12, 1817.
Baha'u'llah was born Mirza Husayn-'Ali in Tehran in what was then Persia and is now Iran.
Followers believe that Baha'u'llah is the most recent of several divine messengers.
There are more than 170,000 Bahai adherents in the U.S. About 2,200 live in Ohio, and about 540 in the Columbus area.


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Okawville native & Lady Rocket's alumni, Colleen Hickey achieved a place on the medal podium at the USA Canoe/Kayak Olympic Team Trials this past weekend. The three day event was contested at the US National Whitewater Center in Charlotte NC. www.usnwc.org. Designated as a USA Olympic training site, this is "Home Court" for Colleen and she was determined to "Protect Her House".
The Olympic Team trials are a 3 day series of six runs; two runs per day on three successive days. On each of the three event days, athletes are scored by logging the time from the "best-of–the-day" run. The course consists of 18-20 gates negotiated down a raging whitewater river. Ending a day's competition, the gates are reset resulting in a new course every day.
At the close of all runs on the final day, a "4th best score" is selected from the total of six and added to the "three daily best". This results in a four-run total elapsed time, measured in seconds. The purpose of the 3-day trials is to select the most consistent and best condition athletes for the US Olympic Team. Three days is a long event and there are many ups & downs.
Day 1 first runs, concluded with Colleen Hickey in first place posting a class-leading initial course decent time of 165.13 vs. a 189.82 for 3-time National Team Athlete Micki Reeves of Grand Junction Colorado. Other athletes in the hunt were 2011 National Champion; Hailey Thompson of Stevens Point Wisconsin & 2012 US Open Champion; Lisa Adams of Grand Junction Colorado.
Day 1, second runs were strong for both Hickey and Reeves with Micki turning in a Class – leading time of 153.63 to Colleen's 184.96. Mickey carried the day with her best time score of 153.63 and a combined score of 343.45. Colleen was in second with a combined score of 350.09. A mere 6.64 seconds separated the athletes.
Day 2 opened with another strong showing by Colleen, posting a 175.09 to Micki's 213.48 at the conclusion of first runs. This performance resulted in Colleen regaining the lead with a combined score of 525.18 to Miki's 556.93.
Day 2, second runs were a reversal of the prior runs. Colleen missed two gates for 100 seconds in penalty points yielding a Run-4 time of 273.58. Luckily, she was able to throw out the run, but she had opened the door for Reeves, who paddled right through it and posted a second run time of 174.38. With both athletes throwing out a run; the score was Reeves: 517.83 to Hickey's 525.18. Micki had expanded the lead to 7.35 seconds.
Day – Three; Colleen began the day calm, focused and knowing she needed to make up eight seconds to regain the lead. It was a Colleen type of course; big, fast and dangerous. With three big moves in the section known as "Carnage Corner" Colleen relied on her strength and speed to negotiate rapids named; The Mix Master, "Washing Machine" and "Zoom Flume" Once again, Colleen rang the first-run bell, throwing down a 175.85 to Reeves' 193.12. Colleen had the lead 700.03 to 710.83 for Reeves. Then, things got exciting.
Day 3, second run; Coleen started the run strong putting up a gate-9, split-time, that looked good for a 160-ish, door-slamming performance when suddenly, her boat caught an edge entering gate 10, causing a "flip in the gate" and resulting in a 50 second penalty. Hickey finished the run with a "raw time + penalty" score of 227.09. Once again, opening the door for Reeves.
Three days and six runs are tough on the athletes. Physical fatigue, mental fatigue and nerves all play a roll. Reeves was "throwing down" on run six with a strong split time and a penalty free run. But with 10 seconds to make up, Reeves needed to let it all hang out in the crux move combination of gates 14, 15 & 16. It's called Carnage Corner for a reason! Reeves aced gate 14, cleaned gate 15 and with a single missed paddle stroke Reeves was caught by the Mix Master, swept by gate 16 and 17, and over The Flume, resulting in 100 seconds of penalties points. It was OLYMPIC TEAM TRIAL GOLD for the Girl from Okawville!
End Note: The USA is birth place of Title-9 and in as much; women have the same rights to competition as the men. Unfortunately, this is not the case in the rest of the world. Women's Canoe Slalom was officially recognized as an international sport in 2010 by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). So far the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has declined to follow suit with gender equity in Canoe Slalom. So, while Colleen Hickey has won her second Olympic Team Trial, she will not compete in the 2012 Summer Games in London. The traditional cheer in Slalom is "UP, UP, UP. Please send your congratulations' to Colleen firstname.lastname@example.com. See it all at www.usack.org.


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Andersen's camp refreshing to players
Defense appreciates new coach's approach
MADISON, Wis. - Gary Andersen is entering the second week of his first training camp at Wisconsin.
Andersen comes from a defensive background as a former defensive coordinator and defensive line coach at Utah. He uses a hands-on approach during practice, even coaching the defensive line from time to time.
"He'll (Andersen) will lead us in drills. That's something that is new and kind of exciting," adds Beau Allen.
Andersen's approach has helped create a "fun" environment at Badgers training camp by switching up the day-to-day routine. Players think it's refreshing.
Fellow defensive lineman Ethan Hemer agrees. "It feels like we're out playing football again. It's not just a job anymore."
The Badgers hold their first scrimmage Monday at Camp Randall. The scrimmage begins at 3:40 p.m. and is open to the public.21425728


text: LANSING COMMUNITY COLLEGE CURRICULAR GUIDE Criminal Justice, Corrections Associate in Business Degree Curriculum Code: 0170 (Effective Fall 2000 - Summer 2005) This degree program prepares an individual for a career as a probation or parole officer, corrections officer, halfway house administrator, jail corrections officer, juvenile corrections professional, or for a local corrections position. Not all courses in this program transfer to all colleges. Students planning to transfer should see an academic advisor or counselor before enrolling in any course. PREREQUISITES Students should see the "Course Descriptions" section of this catalog or the Course Schedule for course prerequisite information. Basic skills assessment and advising information may be found on page 8 of this catalog. GENERAL EDUCATION General education is an important part of this program and includes a mathematics competency requirement. To fulfill the mathematics competency requirement, students may need to complete specific course work in mathematics. For information on how to fulfill all general education requirements, see page 23. INFORMATION Contact the Criminal Justice and Law Center, Old Central Building, Room 224, telephone number (517) 483-1570. REQUIREMENTS TOTAL: 49 CREDITS CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS CISB 100 Intro Computer Info Systems 3 CJUS 101 Intro to Criminal Justice 3 CJUS 106 Intro to Juvenile Justice 3 CJUS 133 Juvenile Residential Services 3 CJUS 134 Probation and Parole 3 CJUS 245 Report Writing in CJ 2 LEGL 160 Critical Thinking in Law 3 PSYC 200 Introduction to Psychology 4 SOCL 120 Introduction to Sociology 4 SPCH 110 Oral Communic in the Workplace 3 WRIT 124 Technical Writing 3 Vocational Certificate Requirements (See Note 1) CJUS 131 Introduction to Corrections 3 CJUS 135 Legal Issues in Corrections 3 CJUS 250 Correctional Institutions 3 CJUS 251 Correctional Clients 3 CJUS 255 Human Relations/Criminal Just 3 LIMITED CHOICE REQUIREMENTS TOTAL: 13 CREDITS Complete the indicated number of credits from each CHOICE listed below. CHOICE 1: General Education Core Areas 3 Credits (See the "GENERAL EDUCATION" section above) Writing Core Area (See Note 2) 0 Speech Communication Core Area (See Note 2) 0 Science/Technology Core Area 3 Global Perspectives and Diversity Core Area (See Note 2) 0 Mathematics Competency (See page 23 for information on how to fulfill this requirement. Course work may be needed.) CHOICE 2: Related Professional Courses (See Note 3) 10 Credits CJUS 102 Crime Causes and Conditions 3 CJUS 204 Criminal Investigation 4 CJUS 205 Policing into the 21st Century 3 SOCL 255 Contemporary Social Problems 3 SOCL 260 Minority Groups 3 County and Local Detention Vocational Certificate (See Note 4) CJUS 130 Local Detention 3 CJUS 242 Unarmed Defense 3 CJUS 246 Jail Safety and I.D. Issues 4 CJUS 256 Interpersonal Comm in Jails 1 WRIT 117 Writing Preparation II (See Note 5) 4 Juvenile Care Worker Certificate (See Note 7) CJUS 126 Juvenile Offenders/Their Fam 3 CJUS 286 Juvenile Internship I 3 CJUS 287 Juvenile Internship II 3 HUSE 100 Introduction to Human Services 3 MINIMUM TOTAL 62 NOTES: 1. Students completing these five courses with a minimum 2.0 grade in each class will receive the Michigan Corrections Officer Vocational Certificate. 2. Students completing "REQUIREMENTS" have fulfilled the requirements for this Core area. 3. Students may select any combination of Choice 2 courses to fulfil this requirement, including courses listed within the County and Local Detention Certificate and the Juvenile Care Worker Certificate. 4. Students completing these five courses and CJUS 135, CJUS 245, CJUS 251 and CJUS 255 with a minimum 2.0 grade in each class will receive the County and Local Detention Vocational Certificate. 5. This course will be waived if student scores five or above on the Writing Placement Test. This test is administered free of charge in the Assessment Center, Room 2100, Gannon Vocational-Technical Center. 6. All Vocational Certificate courses are certified by the Michigan Corrections Officer Training Council. 7. Students completing these four courses and CISB 100, CJUS 106, CJUS 133, PSYC 200, SOCL 120, and WRIT 124 with a minimum 2.0 grade in each class will receive the Juvenile Care Worker Certificate, which is endorsed by the Michigan Juvenile Detention Association. SUGGESTED COURSE SEQUENCE Students should see course descriptions to find out when departments plan to offer courses. Students who for any reason are unable to follow the course sequence suggested below (for example, those who are part-time, have transferred in courses from another school, or have prerequisites to fulfill) should contact an academic advisor or counselor for help with adjustments. I II III IV CJUS 101 CJUS 106 CISB 100 CJUS 255 CJUS 131 CJUS 245 CJUS 133 PSYC 200 LEGL 160 CJUS 250 CJUS 134 Lim.Ch.1 SOCL 120 CJUS 251 CJUS 135 Lim.Ch.2 WRIT 124 SPCH 110 Lim.Ch.2 Lim.Ch.2 V Lim.Ch.2


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Backgrounder #2644 on Labor
January 23, 2012
January 23, 2012 | Backgrounder on Labor
Abstract: America needs jobs. A government committed to free enterprise, limited government, and individual freedom, and not to more borrowing and spending, can properly help. To help unleash the private sector to invest and create jobs, Congress should promptly take five specific actions: enact the New Flat Tax, free America's energy resources, grant effective free trade negotiating authority, stop excessive government regulation, and end the artificially high pricing of labor for federal construction projects under the Davis-Bacon Act and government-mandated project labor agreements.
Baron John Maynard Keynes of Tilton, Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath and Fellow of the British Academy, died in 1946. Liberal politicians in America have tried to keep alive one of his worst ideas—that the solution to a weak, job-losing economy is a government that borrows more money and then spends it, hoping to create demand for goods and services that might spur investment and create jobs. That idea is now finally passing away, too, as such government spending to "prime the pump" of the economy has proved a dismal and obvious failure.[1] Instead, attention should focus on how to get government obstacles out of the way so that the private sector can invest and create jobs.
After the economic downturn began in 2008, calls came from Keynesian politicians for Congress to enact "stimulus" legislation in the hope that a sharp increase in government spending would cause the private sector to create more jobs. As government revenue dropped in a contracting economy, Congress drove America further into debt with government spending in the name of economic "stimulus," most egregiously with the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA).[2] The Act provided for $637 billion in increased federal spending, about 80 percent of which the government has already spent.[3] The jobs expected by Keynesian politicians did not materialize.
In February 2009, when the ARRA became law, 12.5 million Americans (8.1 percent of the work force) lacked jobs.[4] In December 2011, with 80 percent of the ARRA's government "stimulus" money spent, 13.1 million Americans (8.5 percent of the work force) lacked jobs.[5] A larger percentage of Americans lack jobs today than when ARRA became law. The sharp jump in government "stimulus" spending did not produce new jobs and a healthy economy—it just helped to produce a bigger national debt.
The proper role of government in this weak economy is not to spend us all into oblivion. Government's proper role—consistent with the conservative principles of free enterprise, limited government, and individual freedom—is to unleash the creativity of the private sector. If the Congress and the President take the five actions described below, it will help the private sector greatly in encouraging economic growth, more investment, and creation of jobs.
The New Flat Tax will encourage economic growth, investment, and job creation, improve federal finances through growth-generated revenues without tax increases, strengthen the economy against future economic shocks, and improve American competitiveness in the global economy.[6] The New Flat Tax abolishes the individual income tax, payroll tax, capital gains tax, dividends tax, estate tax and corporate income tax and instead imposes a simplified, single-rate tax on expenditures of individuals and a single tax on the domestic net cash flow of businesses. [7] From an individual's income, the amount the individual spends would be taxed, but the amount the individual saves would not be. The universal principle of tax-free individual savings would create a strong incentive for pro-growth, job-creating saving and investment. Similarly, the reduction in business tax rates will spur investment, job creation, and competition. The New Flat Tax is a key element in Saving the American Dream: The Heritage Plan to Fix the Debt, Cut Spending, and Restore Prosperity.[8]
If Congress cannot take America to the New Flat Tax quickly, it should at least take pro-growth, job-creating action now to make permanent the 2001 and 2003 tax reductions that expire in December 2012, and to cut permanently the maximum corporate tax rate, on the way to enacting the New Flat Tax.[9] When Congress achieves the New Flat Tax, it should then leave the tax code alone, as the economic benefits from tax reform depend in significant part upon the certainty among businesses that, as they make long-term investment and hiring plans, the tax code will remain stable over time.[10]
Expanding opportunities to increase America's energy supply will encourage job-creating investment in the oil, gas, and coal industries.[11] Congress should enact legislation to encourage exploration and recovery of domestic oil, gas, and coal supplies, such as through environmentally sound exploration and recovery of oil under the sea off America's coasts and under the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Congress also should enact legislation to facilitate prompt improvements in the pipeline transportation system, such as the Keystone XL Pipeline and the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline projects, and construction of efficient, more environmentally sound coal-fired energy generating plants. For proposals to explore, recover, transport, and use American fossil fuels, Congress should enact legislation that narrows the scope and timeline of administrative approvals (including permit processes), environmental reviews (including the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act processes), and judicial review (including any appeals) to what is truly necessary, so that businesses can invest, hire, and carry out projects more quickly.[12]
As a general proposition, whenever businesses in the United States can produce a useful product at a lower relative cost than businesses in another country, and the businesses in that country can produce a different product at a lower relative cost than can businesses in the United States, the economies of both the United States and that country would benefit if their businesses trade those products between them. But as a practical matter, governments often impose taxes on that trade, known as tariffs, or erect non-tariff barriers to trade, such as unnecessarily complex importation procedures or limitations.
For much of the last half-century, the United States was a world leader in reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers to trade, so as to encourage free trade and thereby foster private-sector investment and job creation. The United States should continue to encourage the free flow of goods and services across the globe, opening foreign markets to U.S. goods and services and giving U.S. consumers a greater range of choice by allowing foreign goods and services to compete in U.S. markets. In years past, Congress granted to the President authority to negotiate free trade agreements with foreign countries that Congress considered promptly, with up-or-down votes on legislation to implement the agreements, commonly called "fast-track" authority.[13] The most recent grant of fast-track negotiation authority expired in 2007.
Congress should grant to the President renewed fast-track negotiating authority, preferably permanently but at least for five years. The new grant of authority should take effect at noon on January 20, 2013, so as to encourage legislators to focus on the substantive economic importance of granting the authority rather than on political assumptions based on who will exercise the authority. With that authority, the President, whoever that may be in January 2013, can begin promptly to negotiate effective new free trade agreements for the United States, yielding more opportunities for U.S. goods and services in foreign markets, and prompting associated private-sector investment and job creation.
Massive federal regulations operate as a hidden charge on the economy, often requiring businesses to divert money from job-creating investment into paying for the costs of implementing regulations. In the first six months of fiscal year 2011 alone, federal agencies issued regulations that imposed on the economy one-time costs of about $6.5 billion and recurring costs of $5.8 billion per year—and those are just the costs of the new regulations issued and not the costs of complying with the shelves full of regulations that already exist.[14]
Congress should receive proposed major rules from agencies, to approve their issuance before the rules take effect. Congress should enact legislation to require that, before a major rule takes effect, Congress signify its approval through enactment of a law.[15] Major rules are those likely to result in an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more, a major increase in costs or prices, or significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or U.S. foreign trade. Enactment of such legislation will help ensure that agencies take appropriate account of any significant job destruction impact of rules they propose, as agencies will know that Congress will review the proposed rules.
Agencies should, to the extent consistent with applicable law, base regulations on sound science, public safety, and the needs of the American economy. Often the needs of the economy receive short shrift. Congress should enact a requirement that an agency proposing a regulation determine the value of all costs and benefits of the proposed regulation and not proceed with the regulation unless the agency finds and demonstrates that the value of the benefits exceeds the value of the costs. The requirement should apply generally to all regulations affecting an element of the public, including environmental regulations. With such a statutory requirement, agencies would issue fewer rules whose costs of implementation are out of proportion to their benefits. Issuance of fewer such rules should reduce the diversion of funding from job-creating investment to compliance with unwarranted rules.
Congress should repeal the Depression-era Davis-Bacon Act (DBA), and eliminate government-mandated project labor agreements, to allow the private sector to create more jobs in doing federal construction work.[16]
Senator James J. Davis of Pennsylvania and Representative Robert L. Bacon of New York shepherded the original Davis-Bacon Act through Congress and President Herbert Hoover signed it into law on March 3, 1931. The DBA requires companies that carry out construction contracts for the federal government in a locality to pay not less than the wage rates prevailing on other construction contracts in that locality. The U.S. Department of Labor determines what the prevailing wage rates are in a locality for purposes of the DBA. The DBA prevailing rates average about 22 percent more than the actual market wages.[17]
Under Executive Order 13502, issued by President Obama on February 6, 2009, consistent with section 8(f) of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), a federal agency can require companies performing construction projects for the agency valued at $25 million or more to enter into pre-hire collective bargaining agreements with construction labor unions. Those project labor agreements establish the terms and conditions for employment of the employees to be hired for the project.[18] Such government-mandated project labor agreements raise the cost of construction projects and reduce the number of jobs that project budgets can support.[19]
Under the Davis-Bacon Act and under Executive Order 13502, the federal government—that is, the American taxpayer—pays substantially more for construction work than it otherwise would pay. Thus, a given sum of federal money ends up creating fewer jobs than it would otherwise create. Congress should repeal the Davis-Bacon Act and prohibit government-mandated project labor agreements in federal construction work, so that markets set wages and create more jobs.
In dealing with a weak economy, America's elected leaders should stop overspending and overborrowing and instead focus on getting the government out of the way of the private sector. Government should reduce its unnecessary interference in the marketplace, which will help encourage America's businesses to invest and create jobs. Congress should adopt the pro-growth, job-creating New Flat Tax; encourage development and use of America's vast energy reserves; encourage free trade that opens foreign markets to American goods and services; stop unwarranted overregulation of the marketplace; and repeal the government's labor price-fixing for federal construction.
—David S. Addington is Vice President for Domestic and Economic Policy at The Heritage Foundation.
Show references in this report
[1]Brian M. Riedl, "Why Government Spending Does Not Stimulate Economic Growth: Answering the Critics," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2354, January 5, 2010, at http://s3.amazonaws.com/thf_media/2010/pdf/bg_2354.pdf. See Stephen Moore, "Is Keynes Finally Dead?" The American Spectator, October 2011, at http://spectator.org/archives/2011/10/06/is-keynes-finally-dead.
[2]ARRA, Public Law 111-5 (February 17, 2009). In February 2009, when ARRA became law, the total public debt subject to the statutory debt limit was $10.7 trillion. Department of the Treasury, Financial Management Service (FMS), Daily Treasury Statement: Cash and Debt Operations of the United States Treasury (DTS) (for February 17, 2009), at http://www.fms.treas.gov/dts/index.html. At the end of December 2011, with 80 percent of the ARRA's government "stimulus" money spent, that debt was $15.1 trillion. Department of the Treasury, FMS, DTS (for December 30, 2011), at http://www.fms.treas.gov/dts/index.html. Implementation of ARRA contributed to the debt increase.
[3]Director's Blog, Congressional Budget Office, "Actual ARRA Spending Over the 2009-2011 Period Quite Close to CBO's Original Estimate," (posted January 5, 2012, 9:50 a.m.), at http://cboblog.cbo.gov/?p=3084.
[4]U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "The Employment Situation: February 2009," USDL 09-0224, March 6, 2009.
[5]U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "The Employment Situation: December 2011," USDL 12-0012 (January 6, 2012).
[6]J. D. Foster, "The New Flat Tax: Easy as One, Two, Three," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2631, December 12, 2011, at https://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/bg2631.pdf.
[7]As used here, the term "domestic net cash flow" means the business's annual cash receipts less cash payments for its activities within the United States.
[8]The Heritage Foundation, May 2011, at http://www.savingthedream.org/about-the-plan/plan-details/SavAmerDream.pdf.
[9]Regarding tax cut expirations in December 2012, see Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-312, December 17, 2010), as amended by the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 (Public Law 112-78, December 23, 2011). Regarding reduction of the corporate income tax, see Curtis Dubay, "Corporate Tax Reform Should Focus on Rate Reduction," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3146, February 11, 2011, at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/wm3146.pdf. See also Karen A. Campbell and John L. Ligon, "The Economic Impact of a 25 Percent Corporate Income Tax Rate," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3070, December 2, 2010, at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2010/pdf/wm3070.pdf.
[10]For a discussion of the economic damage of tax uncertainty, see J. D. Foster, "Promoting Job Creation and Reducing Unemployment in the U.S.," Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget, September 21, 2011, at http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/2011/09/promoting-job-creation-in-the-us.
[11]Nicolas D. Loris, "Natural Gas Policy: Access, Not Over-Regulation and Subsidies," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2608, September 21, 2011; Loris, "Energy Exploration Would Create Jobs and Raise Revenue Without Raising Taxes," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3357, September 8, 2011, at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/wm3357.pdf; and Loris, "A Good Energy Bill Can Make Gas Prices and Electricity Affordable," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3126, February 1, 2011, at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/wm3126.pdf.
[12]See "Solutions for America," The Heritage Foundation, August 2010, p. 11, at http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/08/meeting-america-s-energy-and-environmental-needs.
[13]For the most recent version of statutory fast track free trade negotiating authority, see the Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002, 19 U.S.C. §3801 and following.
[14]James L. Gattuso and Diane Katz, "Red Tape Rising: A 2011 Mid-Year Report on Regulation," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2586, July 25, 2011, at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/bg2586.pdf. There are, of course, many federal regulations affecting a range of particular aspects of the economy that impose unwarranted and costly burdens, whose removal would avoid the loss of jobs or increase the likelihood of job-creating investment. See, for example, the vast array of regulations imposed and to be imposed by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111-148, March 23, 2010), as amended (sometimes called "Obamacare"), and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Public Law 111-203, July 21, 2010), as amended. James Sherk, "Obamacare Will Price Less Skilled Workers Out of Full-Time Jobs," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3390, October 11, 2011, at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/wm3390.pdf; David S. Addington, "Congress Should Promptly Repeal or Fix Unwarranted Provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2615, October 13, 2011, at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/bg2615.pdf.
[15]See, for example, the Regulations of the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act, H.R. 10 of the 112th Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives on December 7, 2011. See James L. Gattuso, "Taking the REINS on Regulation," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3394, October 13, 2011, at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/wm3394.pdf.
[16]Davis-Bacon Act, 40 U.S.C. §§3141-3148.
[17]James Sherk, "Why the Davis-Bacon Act Should be Repealed," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 3451, January 12, 2012, available at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2012/pdf/wm3451.pdf.
[18]Sections 2 and 3 of Executive Order 13502; see 29 U.S.C. §158(e) and (f).
[19]David G. Tuerck, Sarah Glassman, and Paul Bachman, "Project Labor Agreements on Federal Construction Projects: A Costly Solution in Search of a Problem," The Beacon Hill Institute, August 2009.


text:
This tutorial is a part of CUBRID Chef Cookbook series where I show how to install CUBRID Database, its drivers and tools, and configure High-Availability and Database Sharding with a single command.
Unlike in previuos tutorials, in this tutorial I will not use Vagrant. Instead, I will show how to install CUBRID on a remote Linux server using knife-solo, another great command line tool which allows to cook (i.e. install) cookbooks on remote machines. It's really easy, you will see!
I will assume that you have already created a remote Linux server which you can connect to via SSH. Therefore I will directly show how to install knife-solo on your local development machine.
knife-solo is available in RubyGems repository, therefore it can be installed via gem. But in this tutorial we will install knife-solo from its source code because the knife-solo gem on RubyGems is old. Actually it's just because the latest code in Github has not been released yet.
To build and install knife-solo from the source code, we need gem and bundler programs. If they are already installed on your working machine, you can proceed to the next step. If they are not, you can install them as shown below.
sudo apt-get install rubygems libxslt-dev libxml2-dev unzip git sudo gem install bundler rdoc-data sudo rdoc-data --install
This will install gem program, XML libraries which bundler program depends on, unzip necessary to extract knife-solo source code from ZIP archive, git necessary to download cookbooks, bundler and rdoc-data gems.
sudo yum install rubygems ruby-devel libxslt-devel libxml2-devel unzip git wget sudo gem install bundler rdoc-data sudo rdoc-data --install
wget https://github.com/matschaffer/knife-solo/archive/master.zip unzip master* cd knife-solo-master sudo bundle sudo bundle exec rake install
This will download the source ZIP from knife-solo Github repo, etract it, build the source, and install the generated knife-solo gem.
Type the following command to check if knife-solo has been successfully installed. You should see something like:
~$ gem list | grep knife knife-solo (0.2.0.pre2)
Once knife-solo is ready, we go and create a directory structure where we will be working.
cd mkdir cubrid-knife cd cubrid-knife knife solo init .
This will create a cubrid-knife directory in your user home directory where knife-solo will initialize the working directory. The directory structure that knife-solo will create looks as follows:
/cookbooks /data_bags /nodes /roles /site-cookbooks solo.rb
Once we have initialized the working directory on our local working machine, we need to prepare our remote server. For this run
knife solo prepare command by specifying your remote server username and IP. In this case, my remote server username is user, and remote server IP is 192.168.85.138. By default SSH port number which knife-solo will use to connect to your remote server is 22. If it is different from the default value, you can specify it with additional
-p option.
~$ knife solo prepare firstname.lastname@example.com WARNING: No knife configuration file found Bootstrapping Chef... Enter the password for firstname.lastname@example.com: --2013-02-11 23:02:58-- https://www.opscode.com/chef/install.sh Resolving www.opscode.com (www.opscode.com)... 220.127.116.11 Connecting to www.opscode.com (www.opscode.com)|188.8.131.52|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 6471 (6.3K) application/x-sh Saving to: `install.sh' 100%======================================> 6,471 --.-K/s in 0s 2013-02-11 23:02:59 (956 MB/s) - `install.sh' saved 6471/6471 Downloading Chef for ubuntu... Installing Chef Selecting previously unselected package chef. (Reading database ... 24087 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking chef (from .../tmp.Afy1f2L1/chef__amd64.deb) ... Setting up chef (11.2.0-1.ubuntu.11.04) ... Thank you for installing Chef! Generating node config 'nodes/192.168.85.138.json'...
This will:
Now we can go and download all cookbooks we want to install on our remote Linux server. In this tutorial we will install the latest version of CUBRID Database Server, PHP, Python, and Perl drivers.
cd ~/cubrid-knife git init git submodule add https://github.com/kadishmal/cubrid-cookbook.git cookbooks/cubrid git submodule add https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/build-essential.git cookbooks/build-essential git submodule add https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/mysql.git cookbooks/mysql git submodule add https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/openssl.git cookbooks/openssl git submodule add https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/perl.git cookbooks/perl git submodule add https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/php.git cookbooks/php git submodule add https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/python.git cookbooks/python git submodule add https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/yum.git cookbooks/yum git submodule add https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/xml.git cookbooks/xml
This will clone each cookbook under cookbooks/ directory.
Once we have downloaded the cookbook, we need to tell knife-solo that we want to cook a particular cookbook. For this we need to add the cookbook name to the runlist. Edit the nodes/192.168.85.138.json file as shown below.
{"run_list": "cubrid", "cubrid::demodb", "cubrid::pdo_cubrid", "cubrid::perl_driver", "cubrid::php_driver", "cubrid::python_driver", "cubrid::web_manager" }
This will tell knife-solo, which will tell to Chef installed on the remote server, to install CUBRID Database, its demodb database, PHP/PDO, Perl, and Python drivers, as well as CUBRID Web Manager, all from cubrid cookbook that we have downloaded.
Now as we are ready to cook our remote Linux server, let's do it.
~$ knife solo cook email@example.com Checking Chef version... Enter the password for email@example.com: email@example.com's password: email@example.com's password: email@example.com's password: Starting Chef Client, version 11.2.0 Compiling Cookbooks... Converging 58 resources ... Chef Client finished, 48 resources updated
Bingo! You have installed CUBRID and all the necessary drivers and even a Web Manager on your remote server.
Let's access CUBRID Web Manager at https://192.168.85.138:8282. Notice HTTPS and 8282 port. The default username and password to connect to CUBRID Manager Server are admin/admin. Once you login for the first time, CWM will prompt you to change the password. Visit CWM Wiki for more information and tutorials.
If you have questions, feel free to ask at CUBRID Q&A site, forum, our Facebook page, Twitter, or online chat.
If you have issues or feature requests to cubrid-cookbook, create a new issue at its Github repo.


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A friend of mine is hosting a charity streetball tournament early next year, and asked if I could help him promote.
If you are a baller in the Midwest (Illinois or Wisconsin area), check out this awesome tournament!
Here is the facebook page:
Come out and ball for a cause!
Charity Streetball Tournament at Urban Warfare for Easter Seals!
Started by Irish725, Dec 08 2012 07:38 PM
No replies to this topic
Posted 08 December 2012 - 07:38 PM
Veteran of Living Legends V and VI...looking forward to LL VII!
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EJ's Simple Oven-BBQ Ribs
- 2 racks baby back ribs
- 6 tablespoons Emeril's Rustic Rub, recipe follows
- 1 1/2 teaspoons salt
- 1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- 1 teaspoon celery salt
- Emeril's Bam B Q Sweet Original Barbecue Sauce
- Rustic Rub:
- 8 tablespoons paprika
- 3 tablespoons cayenne
- 5 tablespoons freshly ground black pepper
- 6 tablespoons garlic powder
- 3 tablespoons onion powder
- 6 tablespoons salt
- 2 1/2 tablespoons dried oregano
- 2 1/2 tablespoons dried thyme
Preheat the oven to 300 degrees F and line a large baking sheet with a piece of aluminum foil large enough to cover the pan twice (you will be folding this over the ribs and sealing.)
Place the ribs on the prepared baking sheet in 1 layer. In a small bowl, combine the Rib Rub, salt, pepper, and celery salt and stir to combine. Divide the seasoning evenly among both slabs of ribs, coating well on both sides. Fold the sides of the foil over the ribs and seal tightly on all sides. Place the ribs in the oven and bake, undisturbed, for 2 1/2 to 3 hours, or until ribs are very tender.
Remove the ribs from the oven and peel back the foil so that the ribs are exposed. Using a pastry brush or the back of a spoon, coat the racks lightly on the meaty sides with barbecue sauce. Return to the oven until sauce is thickened and lightly browned, about 20 minutes longer. Remove the ribs from the oven and set aside to cool briefly before cutting between the ribs and serving. Serve with more barbecue sauce, if desired.
Combine all ingredients and store in an air-tight container.
Yield: 2 1/4 cup
Recipe courtesy of Emeril Lagasse, Emeril's Food of Love Productions, copyright 2007
Pairs Well With
Dark Beer
Toasty, bracing beer
- Find easy pairings for your favorite recipes, Bobby's perfect picks and party ideas.
Cooking Tips
More Recipes and Ideas
Sunny's Honey BBQ Oven Short Ribs
Recipe courtesy of Sunny Anderson
Barbecued Short Ribs of Beef - Tira de Asado
Recipe courtesy of Daisy Martinez


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Lime-Marinated Flank Steak with Herb Salad
- For the steak and marinade:
- 1/4 cup fresh lime juice (about 3 limes)
- 1 orange, juiced
- 3 garlic cloves, smashed
- 3 tablespoons balsamic vinegar
- 1/2 cup olive oil
- Coarse salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 1 (2-pound) flank steak, fat removed
- For the herb salad:
- 1 small bunch flat-leaf parsley, leaves removed from stems
- 1 small bunch basil
- 1 small bunch cilantro
- 1 small bunch tarragon
- 3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
- 2 limes, juiced
- Coarse salt and freshly ground black pepper
- To prepare the steak:
Place the lime juice, orange juice, garlic, balsamic vinegar, olive oil and salt and pepper. In a large plastic bag over a shallow baking dish. Add the steak and turn to coat both sides. Cover and refrigerate for 30 minutes, then pull from fridge and allow the steak to come to room temperature, about 10 minutes.
Heat the grill to medium-high heat. Remove the steak from the marinade and season both sides with salt and pepper. Grill for 5 to 7 minutes on each side for medium-rare. Let rest 10 minutes. Slice the steak against the grain, into thin slices.
Wash the herbs bunches and gently dry them with a kitchen towel. Remove the leaves from the herb bundles and place in a medium bowl. Whisk together olive oil and lime juice, and season, to taste, with salt and pepper. Toss the leaves with enough of the dressing to coat them lightly (you may not need all of the dressing). Season the salad with salt and pepper, to taste. Top sliced steak with herb salad and serve.
Recipes written by Danny Boome - All Rights Reserved by Crash Bang Boome Production LLC
Cooking Tips
More Recipes and Ideas
Molasses Marinated Flank Steak with Roasted Red Peppers
Recipe courtesy of Aaron McCargo Jr.
Red Wine Marinated Flank Steak
Recipe courtesy of Sandra Lee


text: This document is an update to the specifications contained in the Intel® Core™ i7 Processor for LGA2011 Socket Datasheet, Vol. 1-2. This document is a compilation of device and documentation errata, specification clarifications, and changes. It is intended for hardware system manufacturers and software developers of applications, operating systems, or tools.


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Among many other bizarre claims in his most recent article at The American Conservative, Patrick Deneen writes,
Today's conservatives are liberals — they favor an economy that wreaks "creative destruction," especially on the mass of "non-winners," increasingly controlled by a few powerful actors who secure special benefits for themselves and their heirs….
Pace Inigo Montoya, I actually have no idea what Deneen thinks creative destruction means in this context.
Setting aside the question of whether or not it is a bad thing (or accurate, for that matter) to say that "[t]oday's conservatives are liberals," I am far more concerned with how Deneen thinks creative destruction is "wreaked" upon "non-winners." This is further complicated by his implication that creative destruction supports, rather than threatens, "a few powerful actors." (more…)


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At the 13-team West Frankfort Cross Country Invitational Thursday, Eldorado finished sixth overall, while the Harrisburg girls took second.
Eldorado scored a team total 200, finishing behind No. 1 finisher Nashville (33), and No. 2 finisher Murphysboro (80). Herrin (94) took third, while Hamilton County (122) and Carmi-White County (151) were fourth and fifth respectively.
West Frankfort (211), Massac County (245) and Goreville (306) rounded out the final three teams.
On the boys' side, Eldorado was paced by Bret Plunkett, who finished 19th overall with a time of 18:47. Richard Graceffa was 30th overall with a time of 19:09, while Dillion Sigler was 44th with a time of 19:47 and Ethan Partridge was 49th with a time of 20:12.
Derek Mayberry (58th, 21:18), Adam Partridge (71st, 22:48), Christopher Acheson (74th, 23:39), along with Austin Hall (23:31), Ben Partridge (26:13) and Josh Pilkington (28:42) rounded out the scoring for the Eagles.
Eldorado girls ran with two individuals as Dempsey Hankins took 13th overall with a time of 21:46 and Kelsea Newman had a 34th finish with a time of 25:18.
Harrisburg's Taylor McDaniel took second overall with a time of 19:19. The Bulldogs earned 72 team points.
Location, ST | website.com


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (44 votes).
In short: Mud in the sunIn full: Well organised muddy scramble run through streams and fields. Always fun but hard work. A highlight of the year. Date of review: February 19, 2012
In short: Mud, water, mud, water, mud, water.....In full: Great stuff and total change from the usual road races, but I'll come in swimming trunks next yearDate of review: March 1, 2011
In short: One of the bestIn full: Excellent as always, one of the rare true XC events. Every year has more mud and gets more slippery ! Do this race, I cann't wait to next year to do it again ! Well done Bearbrook !Date of review: February 24, 2011
In short: It's not called X-Stream for nothing! Waist deep water and lots of mud.In full: Lots of fun once you get used to not feeling your feet after the first stream crossing. At times I ended up waiting to cross the streams but that's my fault for not running faster to them, and having now seen how it works I understand it's best to give a real dash to the first stream.One of the most slippery races I've done due to the mud, and at times the aim is just to find a route that works.I enjoyed the race - parking was difficult but only due to the weather conditions (the field for parking was only accessible to 4 by 4s for good reason) and the marshals were very friendly and helpful. This is definitely a race to try.The race momento is great - something entirely in keeping with the event.Thanks to all who organised the race.Date of review: February 20, 2011
In short: Very Wet, Very Muddy and Very Fun.In full: 1st time runner of this race. The kind of race that makes you smile at the end. Streams up-to your belly button and enough mud to lose your shoes in. Bring on next year im hooked.Date of review: February 20, 2011
In short: Fun in the wet and mudIn full: Great local event with plenty of water and mud to keep you occupiedDate of review: March 20, 2010
In short: Tough, slippery course but great atmosphere - loved the water crossings!Date of review: February 23, 2010
In short: Quite tough but very enjoyableIn full: Really enjoyed this race . Got wet and very muddy but real good atmosphere. Very friendly marshalls. Would definately do this again . Top stuffDate of review: February 22, 2010
In short: An enjoyable event and as t was my first ever event found it a good starter, i found it fairly challenging but a whole heap of fun, vey wet and muddy just how i like it!Date of review: February 22, 2010
In short: Proper XC running! In full: A proper XC with no sections run on tarmac. The route ranged from farm track to plowed fields via a few stream and ditch crossings. The route was really well marked with fantastic marshals. The stream crossings, which were up to the top of my thighs at times, were particularly cold/challenging/fun with loads of encouragement from supporters and marshals. Despite a challenging course, this couldn't be more enjoyable.Date of review: February 22, 2010
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White chocolate berry cheesecake
Nutrition and extra info
Nutrition: per serving
- kcal667
- fat50g
- saturates29g
- carbs49g
- sugars44g
- fibre1g
- protein9g
- salt1.01g
- 2 x 150g bars white chocolate
- 2 x 300g tubs soft cheese (we used Philadelphia)
- 284ml pot double cream
- 50g caster sugar
- 170g punnet raspberries
A member of the rose family, raspberries have a wonderfully intense, sweet taste, and many…
- 5 tbsp raspberry jam
- 85g amaretti biscuits
- 200g small strawberries
Once available in Britain for just a brief period during the summer, strawberries are now a year…
- a few blueberries (optional)
Blueberries are one of the few edibles native to North America and credited with being…
Break the chocolate into a glass bowl, then put it over a pan of just simmering water to melt, making sure the bottom of the bowl doesn't touch the water. Line a lightly oiled 900g loaf tin with cling film.
Whisk the cheese, cream and sugar together, preferably with electric beaters, then stir into the almost-cool melted white chocolate until well combined.
Stir 50g raspberries with 2 tbsp of the jam. Spoon half the cheese mixture into the loaf tin, then spoon the jammy raspberries down the centre. Top with the rest of the cheese mixture, level the top, then press in the biscuits. Cover and chill for 6 hrs or overnight.
Set aside about 6 strawberries. Halve the rest, then warm in a pan with the remaining jam until soft. Whizz in a food processor or with a hand blender, then rub through a sieve to remove the seeds and make a sauce. Add a drop of water if the sauce is too thick.
To serve, carefully turn the tin onto a plate, lift it away and strip off the cling film. Halve the remaining strawberries, then arrange on top of the cake with the remaining raspberries and blueberries (if using). Pour over a little sauce and serve the rest separately for drizzling over.
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Comments, questions and tips
Comments (139)
Death by cheesecake. Gorgeous cheese/cream mixture (I used part marscopone and own brand Philadelphia, all full fat). I simplified the fruit to just raspberries and raspberry jam which I warmed and passed through a sieve. Kids and men don't seem to like seeds/ bits so I played safe and created a smooth topping. Used the sauce first, soft cheese mixture on top, then a melted butter and crushed chocolate digestive biscuit base. Set in the fridge and it's been eaten over the course of the weekend. Makes loads and is literally amazing :-)
Brilliant recipe! I used 1/2 half fat marscapone and 1/2 full fat, and whipped until it was quite thick. I used about double jammy raspberries in the middle to have a full layer of it. It seemed to have set fine overnight but I did put it in the freezer an hour before serving because some people are saying it gives it a better taste. I was scepticle about how the amaretti biscuits would taste because I don't usually like them, but they were great! Really set the cake off! Was a big hit, would definitely recommend.
This worked fab, looked amazing and the guests loved it. I only used 320g of Philadelphia (low fat version) but it worked really well. Whipped the cream/ soft cheese/ sugar mixture until it was a fairly thick consistency. Left it to chill overnight and it set well, didn't slump even after been out for a while. Added some small chunks of white chocolate which gave it a nice added crunch. So easy to make but it looked and tasted like it had taken lots of time, effort and skill.
I made this last night for a YouTube video and it worked AMAZINGLY! I don't like amaretto biscuits so used a digestive and butter base instead - it was soooo good! There's a picture here - http://instagram.com/p/sseVZ3Q4yi/?modal=true
Delicious cheesecake everyone really enjoyed it. I used low fat soft cheese cause was worried about it being too rich. Next time I would use more amaretti biscuits than the recipe states and I would probably make the soft cheese/choc layer thinner. That's just down to personal preference though. Will definitely make again it was yummy.
check this spectacular chocolate red fruits cake at marmite et ponpon... really worth a try
I tasted the cheesecake after setting overnight and found it to be a bit rich. I think the texture had a lot to do with it as there is a lot of cream cheese filling. I decided to freeze it and wow what a huge difference it makes to both texture and taste.
I'll definitely be making this again as it is a no stress crowd pleaser that looks spectacular.
I'll probably make it without adding sugar next time as the white chocolate does the job on it's own. I love the idea of adding white chocolate chips into the mix too!
Made this for a dinner party and it was incredibly well received! Everybody loved it! I made it the day before and left in the fridge overnight to set and had no problems. I used an electric hand whisk to combine the cheese, cream and sugar as suggested for a couple of minutes- as the mixture contains double cream the longer you whisk it for the thicker and firmer it will become so if you are finding that it doesn't set whisk for longer!


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Skyler Gregg
March 28, 1997-Feb. 19, 2013
MORGAN?- Services for Skyler Duane Dean Gregg, 15, of Morgan will be at 11 a.m. Monday at the Lower Sioux Community Center. Visitation begins at 4 p.m. Saturday at the Lower Sioux Community Center and will continue until the time of services on Monday. Prayer services will be at 7 p.m. Saturday and 7 p.m. Sunday. Burial is in St. Cornelia's Episcopal Cemetery. Stephens Funeral Service – Redwood Valley Funeral Home is assisting the family with arrangements.
He died Tuesday, Feb. 19, 2013, at his home.
He was born March 28, 1997, in Redwood Falls, to Dennis Gregg and Chris Johnson.
Survivors include his parents, Denny Gregg of Redwood Falls and Chris Bartelt of Morgan; siblings, Dustin Marlett of Cottonwood, Dustin Gregg in the USMC in California, Dillon Gregg of Redwood Falls, Karver Gregg of Morgan and Addy Garcia of Olivia; grandmother, Barbara Black of Norfolk, Va. and step-grandmother, Hazel Johnson of Minneota.


text:
Bay Shore Ballet Presents The Nutcracker
Girls Scouts are given preferred seating at this performance and will enjoy some special time back stage with the director and cast. Bring your camera and take advantage of the wonderful scenery and costumes for a troop picture. Get any information needed to help you complete your Theatre patch or your Dancercise patch.
The Suite Shoppe will be open at intermission for refreshments and you can also do some Christmas Shopping at Ballet Boutique.
When: Saturday, December 5 at 2 p.m.
Where: Fairhope Civic Center
Cost: $5 per person
Reservations can be made via e-mail to email@example.com
Checks should be mailed to:
Lorna Foster
27054 Bit & Spur Drive
Daphne 36526


text:
About Our Collections
Stories, images and interviews with immigrants and veterans are what breathe life into the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21's research holdings. If you have a story, document or photograph you would like to add to our collections, please contact Jennifer Hevenor, Collection Manager (Tel: 902-420-5209)
Oral History Collection
Capture your memories and preserve them for future generations. Our Oral History Collection is used by researchers, writers, filmmakers, school children preparing heritage projects, and families searching for the answers to their past. Recorded with the facilitation of an oral historian, the Oral History Collection is an important part of sharing the stories of Canadians. We are dedicated to capturing the memories of all immigrants to Canada, veterans, and Pier 21 volunteers and staff.
How to Participate
Please consider sharing your story with Emily Burton, Oral Historian, or Siniša Obradovic, Oral History Researcher.
The Image Collection
The images in this unique collection are compiled from sources such as the Sisters of Service, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Canadian national Railway, the Halifax Port Authority and the Allan S. Tanner Collection (images that show Canadian service personnel returning to Pier 21 in 1945). Also included are thousands of scanned newspaper clippings, immigration-related documents, and ship memorabilia. The majority of the original and digital images in our collection have been donated by individuals and families.
How to Contribute
If you have an image that you would like donated, or if you are looking for a picture to be reproduced in a book, film or project, please contact Jennifer Hevenor, Collection Manager (Tel: 902-420-5209)
Are You in One of These Pictures?
Photo credits:
Library and Archives Canada, First Division at Pier 21, 1939.
Identity certificate issued to Welly Tretjakewitch by the International Refugee Organization, 1949. Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 (DI2013.1469.13).
Doppenberg family during ocean crossing on board S. S. Ryndam, 1960. Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 (DI2013.1294.4).


text:
DSU President Harry L. Williams presents the Presidential Academic Excellence Award to Megan Reno, who earned a BS in Elementary Education.
As evidence of its ongoing enrollment growth, Delaware State University held its first-ever December Commencement ceremony as approximately 200 students celebrated the completion of their academic studies.
DSU President Harry L. Williams and Provost Alton Thompson were joined by U.S. Sen. Christopher Coons in congratulating the graduates during the indoor ceremony held in the Memorial Hall Gymnasium.
During the Dec. 15 ceremony, Dr. Williams presented the Presidential Academic Excellence Award to Megan Reno, a Summa Cum Laude 4.0 GPA elementary education bachelor's degree graduate.
Rev. Ellis B. Louden, the pastor of Mt. Zion AME Church of Dover, was the December Commencement keynote speaker. He used the biblical story of Cain and Abel to illustrate the challenges that are ahead.
DSU President Harry L. Williams was joined at the December Commencement by Rev. Ellis Louden, keynote speaker, and U.S. Sen. Chris Coons.
Rev. Louden noted that everyone has a bit of both biblical brothers in them. He pointed out the graduates on Commencement day were akin to Abel, in that they were celebrating success. But out in the profession world, like Cain, there will be some form of rejection.
"When you set out in this world and face social crisis,' there are times you are going to feel like you are rejected," Rev. Louden said. "Always know there is hope. You will be able to get yourself up, brush yourself off and be inspired to do all that you can to uplift the quality of life."
A posthumous degree was also presented in memory of Lionel Barnes of Rehoboth Beach, Del., who died suddenly on Aug. 28. Mr. Barnes attended DSU's Sussex County site in Georgetown, Del., where he was pursuing a Bachelor of Social Work Degree. Dr. Delores Finger Wright, DSU associate professor of social work, accepted the degree on behalf of the family.
The University's administrators decided to establish a December Commencement as a result of feedback from students who complete their studies during the summer sessions or fall semester. With record enrollment for three consecutive – including this fall semester's record 4.425 students – the December Commencement in addition to the tradition May Commencement will help DSU manage the growing number of participants in future graduation ceremonies.


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Koigu KPPPM Yarn is a similar yarn: merino wool, hand wash, 6 sts / inch, 50 gram, and 100% merino. You may also like Koigu KPM Solid Yarn, which is another similar yarn: merino wool, hand wash, and 50 gram.
What about yarn that have the same look and feel? Find more yarn with a smooth / uniform texture, a high energy twist, and is hand painted.
Hopefully our suggested project ideas for Koigu American Merino Yarn can help you come up with your next exciting new project idea!
If you like American Merino, then you may be interested in the different ways we've used it. Visit our 4th of July collection to see some ideas.


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Come join our knitting community, sip hot tea or cocoa, enjoy good conversation, and grow your knitting skills! This workshop is for knitters looking for personalized attention in a relaxed environment or knitters just looking to have company as they knit.
Each workshop participant will receive individualized instruction from our instructor as needed. The conversational nature of this workshop will also give you the opportunity to learn from fellow participants.


text:
Related Products
Ask a question
Product Questions
The pellets don't actually need to be changed out, they get consumed by the bacteria as they run so they just need to be topped off as they get consumed. It will vary but 4-6 months would be pretty typical.
The pellets don't get changed out you just top them off as they get consumed. Typically this is every few months (3-6).
My tank is currently lightly stocked, with 330 gal of total system volume
250mL per 50g would be a pretty typical load. In your tank that would be about 1750mL, which is about 7 cups.
I have included a link to the instructions for Bio-pellets below. We do recommend the half dosage to start with to not shock the system. Feel free to let us know if you have any further questions!
Biopellets need to tumble to be effective, and in a canister filter the bacterial film that they can produce may quickly clog the canister making it become constant maintenance. Biopellets are best used in a standalone reactor due to the flow requirements and the specialized screens that are normally used. We really like the Reef Octopus BR series as well as their Space Saver series.
We certainly recommend Carbon and GFO to help with phosphate removal and clarity. For bio-pellets we do not recommend them in the standard BRS reactor as they will clog. Ideally a dedicated bio-pellet reactor will need to be used. Feel free to let us know if you have any further questions!
Jerry S.
They are basically food and surface area for bacteria so you actually don't ever remove and replace them. You just add more as they get consumed. Once up and running thats usually once every couple of months.
Full Details
We recommend 1 cup (236 ml) of BRS biopellets per 50 gallons of system volume. See Instructions.
Maintaining low nitrates is key to maintaining the best coral coloration, healthy fish and avoiding algae outbreaks. Fish foods and resulting waste eventually break down into nitrates. Aquarists' primary method of dealing with nitrate removal is water changes but over the years we have developed a few ways to remove nitrates with equipment like refugiums, sulfur reactors and deep sandbeds. All of these methods work to various degrees but are often less efficient than we would like or the level of complexity, expense and maintenance is beyond what the average reefer would desire
Solid carbon dosing (biopellets) has recently become an extremely popular method of removing nitrates from the aquarium. The exact method of denitration can be different for each tank but it mainly consists of a few things:
- Nitrate laden Bacteria is removed via the protein skimmer
- Bacteria directly converts nitrite into nitrous oxide so nitrate is never produced
- Bacteria consumes nitrates and processes them down into nitrogen gas
- Nitrate laden Bacteria is consumed by tank inhabitants like corals and sponges
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text:
Camões, Luís Vaz de
Luís Vaz de Camões 1524?-1580
(Also transliterated as Camoens) Portuguese poet and playwright.
Author of the epic Os Lusíadas (1572; The Lusiads), Camões is considered the national poet of Portugal and its greatest lyricist. A glorification of the Portuguese voyages of discovery, The Lusiads portrays explorer Vasco da Gama's maritime journey to India using the forms of classical, heroic literature. Camões also wrote numerous pieces of posthumously published lyric poetry, which present his principal theme of the tension between sensual and spiritual love. Many of these are suffused with a deep melancholy rooted in Camões's sufferings while in exile, and are noted for their simplicity, formal excellence, and passionate intensity. In addition to Camões's enormous influence on Portuguese poetry, he also was a minor dramatist who composed three plays, comedies that combine classical and Portuguese dramatic forms.
Biographical Information
While the veracity of many events in Camões's life is uncertain, he is thought to have been born in Lisbon in 1524 or 1525 into an aristocratic but destitute Galician family. He likely attended the University of Coimbra, there acquiring some of his considerable knowledge of classical literature and philosophy. A member of King John III's court in Lisbon, he was by some accounts banished in 1547 upon discovery of his affair with Caterina de Ataíde, a lady-in-waiting to the queen. Camões then began his military career in North Africa, losing an eye during his tour of duty in Morocco. He returned to Lisbon in 1550, and was pardoned by the king in 1553 after assaulting a royal official in the streets. Camões soon after departed for India as a soldier for the crown. He was subsequently assigned to a post in Macao, serving as trustee of personal effects for the dead and absent. While returning to Goa in western India after being accused of misconduct, Camões was shipwrecked in the Mekong Delta, but managed to save himself and his manuscript of The Lusiads. The impoverished Camões then made his way to Mozambique where he was found by the Portuguese historian Diogo do Couto who assisted him in his return to Lisbon. Back in Portugal by 1570, Camões saw his epic published in 1572. That year he also was awarded a royal pension for his service, but was paid only haphazardly. He died June 10, 1580 in Lisbon.
Major Works
Camões's lyric poetry consists of numerous pieces in the classical verse forms of eclogue, ode, elegy, and sonnet, as well purely Portuguese cançoes, esparsas, motos, and redondilhas. Such works range from elegant love lyrics to melancholy expressions of anguish as they demonstrate Camões' theme of the discord between idealized and sensual love. The title of Camões's encyclopedic epic, The Lusiads, is taken from the Latin term for Portugal, Lusitania. Written in ten cantos of ottava rima, the work invokes the great fifteenth-century journey of Portuguese discovery undertaken by Vasco da Gama, celebrating the glorious deeds and triumphs over nature of this explorer. While it makes prophetic reference to Portuguese history, The Lusiads vilifies the commercial aspect of da Gama's venture and attacks the followers of Islam—a religion whose adherents Camões perceived as the principal threat to Christianity. While pursuing a Christian theme of universal love, Camões fills his epic with figures from pagan mythology, placing the fate of da Gama and his men in the hands of the Olympians. With assistance from Venus and the opposition of Bacchus, the sailors make their way around Africa. Impeded at the Cape of Good Hope by the giant Adamastor, who vows to destroy them upon their return, the Portuguese explorers face violent storms, shipwreck, and war before reaching the object of their quest—landfall in India.
Critical Reception
The appearance of The Lusiads in 1572 created something of a sensation, and after Camões's death the publication of his lyric works prompted increasing esteem for the poet. As Camões's poetry began to appear in print, many attempts were made to collect his shorter poems and to exclude those pieces that were apocryphal; a process that continued into the twentieth century. Judging from these works, critics have deemed Camões to be Portugal's finest lyric poet, praising the emotional intensity and virtuosity of his writing. Meanwhile, scholars have continued to view The Lusiads as the great epic poem of the Renaissance, perceiving in the work a harmonious balance between Camões's classical allusiveness and the sensual realism of his descriptive language. Still, despite its fame in Portugal, The Lusiads is less well-known elsewhere. More recently, critics have acknowledged that The Lusiads and other writings by Camões have made a significant impact on a number of English-speaking writers as they continue to exert a considerable influence on the literature of Portugal and Brazil.
Principal Works
Os Lusíadas [The Lusiads] 1572
Rhythmas de Luís de Camões [Camoens: The Lyricks] 1595
*Rimas 1645
Poems from the Portuguese of Luís de Camõens 1803
Obras completas. 5 vols. 1946-47
Collected Poems 1957
Auto dos Enfatriões (drama) 1587
Auto de Filodemo (drama) 1587
*Includes the drama Auto del-Reí Seleuco.
George Edward Woodberry (essay date 1910)
SOURCE: "Camoens," in The Inspiration of Poetry, The Macmillan Company, 1910, pp. 58-84.
[In the following essay, Woodberry describes Camões's personality and the degree to which his character and imagination inform The Lusiads and his lyric poetry.]
Camoens, the maker of the only truly modern epic, offers an illustration of poetic power which is to me one of the most interesting, although the foreignness of his subject-matter and the extraordinary lameness of its English translations make difficult obstacles to our appreciation; but for that very reason he has the happiest fortune that can fall to a poet in the fact that familiarity ever endears him the more. He is a less pure type of the flame of genius than Marlowe; poetic energy appears in him less a spiritual power dwelling in its own realm of imagination; but, on the other hand, his career admits us to a nearer view of a poet's human life, to what actually befalls the man so doubtfully endowed with that inward passion of life, in the days and weeks and years of his journey. Scarce any poet is so autobiographical in the strict sense. Others have made themselves the subject of their song; but usually, like Shelley, they exhibit an ideal self seen under imaginative lights and through the soul's atmosphere, and in these self-portraits half the lines are aspiration realized, the self they dream of; but Camoens shows in his verse as he was in life, with a naturalness and vigor, with an unconscious realism, a directness, an intensity and openness that give him to us as a comrade.
He was of the old blue blood of the Peninsula, the Gothic blood, the same that gave birth to Cervantes. He was blond, and bright-haired, with blue eyes, large and lively, the face oval and ruddy,—and in manhood the beard short and rounded, with long untrimmed mustachios,—the forehead high, the nose aquiline; in figure agile and robust; in action "quick to draw and slow to sheathe," and when he was young, he writes that he had seen the heels of many, but none had seen his heels. Born about the year 1524, of a noble and well-connected family, educated at Coimbra, a university famous for the classics, and launched in life about the court at Lisbon, he was no sooner his own master than he fell into troubles. He was a lover born, and the name of his lady, Caterina, is the first that emerges in his life; for such Romeo-daring he was banished from court when he was about twenty, whether after a duel or a stolen interview is uncertain; and on his return, since he continued faithful to his lady, he was sent into Africa, and in an engagement with pirates in the Straits of Gibraltar he lost his right eye. He fought the Moors for three years until he was twenty-five, and returning to Lisbon, enlisted for the Indies; but in consequence of a street affair with swords in which he drew in defence of some masked ladies and unfortunately wounded a palace servant, he was held in prison three years. Eleven days after his release he sailed, and it is not unlikely that his sailing was a condition of his release. He rounded the Cape of Good Hope and came to India, where he served in campaigns and garrison, and occasionally held official appointments, and from time to time fell into prison. He cleared himself from all charges of wrong-doing in office; but he was of the type that makes both enemies and friends. He was outspoken, and he indulged his mood in satire, a dangerous employment in the narrowness of colonial and army life. On the other hand, he was a brave and gentle comrade and delighted in manly traits; and so there was a round of companions in arms to whom he was dear. He served far and wide, fought on the coasts of the Red Sea, wintered in Ormuz in the Persian Gulf, spent some years in China, and seems to have visited the Malay islands; once he was shipwrecked on the Chinese coast. It is clear that he roamed the Orient on all the lines of travel and enterprise, of commerce and war, wherever the Portuguese ships could sail, and bore throughout the name and character of a gentleman-adventurer of that world, a daring, enterprising, hopeful, unfortunate, and often distressed man.
Sixteen years of his manhood passed in these toils,—
In one hand aye the Sword, in one the Pen,
—along the tropical seas and under the alien skies; for from the first, even before in his youth he planted a lance in Africa, he had held to his breast that little manuscript book where year by year, on the deck and the gun-breech, in his grotto at Macao, in prison, wherever he might be and under whatever aspect of fortune, he wrote down the growing lines of that poem which is now the chief glory of his native land. When he was shipwrecked in China, he lost the little store of gold that he had accumulated in the office which he was recalled from, but he held safe this book,—
In his embrace the song that swam to land From sad and piteous shipwreck dripping wet 'Scaped from the reefs and rocks that fang the strand.
Now, after sixteen years, nostalgia, not simple homesickness, but the nostalgia of him who fares forth into the world and voyages long in stranger-lands, had fallen on him, and was heavy in all his spirit. He had left Portugal, indignantly saying that his country should not possess his bones; but he had long changed this temper,—
Tagus yet pealeth with the passion caught From the wild cry he flung across the sea;—
all his hopes had really rested on the honor of the song he had built up for the glory of Portugal, and while everything else that men name success faded away and escaped him, with this poem surely he would find welcome home. He stopped at Mozambique with the captain governor, and when he wished to continue his voyage, this officer, who was his host, consigned him to prison for a debt due himself, a small sum. Soon afterwards, however, a ship came by, with a dozen of Camoens' old messmates and friends, veterans, and they contributed the money for his release. So, says the old biographer, "were simultaneously sold the person of Camoens and the honor of Pedro Barreto" for £25. With these friends Camoens sailed homeward, and arrived safely, but not to find prosperity. It was three years before his book was published; and he received for reward only a pension of about one hundred dollars in our money at its present worth, and this was not often paid. The entire eight years of his life at Lisbon were filled with such poverty and distress as we remember of the last dying days of Spenser and Chatterton. He lived some part of this time in a religious house, that is, an alms-house; at other times his Javanese servant, who had stayed with him, begged food for him at night, but the faithful servant died before his wretched master. Even among the poets few have been so homeless and destitute as Camoens in his life's end, now going about on crutches and suffering the last sad effects of a hard-faring life. It was the moment just before his death when the power of Portugal was extinguished on the battle-field by Philip of Spain: "I die," he wrote to a friend, "not only in my country, but with it." The time of his death is uncertain, but he was about fifty-five years old. He died in a hospital. "I saw him die," says an old Carmelite brother, "in the hospital of Lisbon, without a sheet where-with to cover himself." Such in its external events was the life-story of Camoens.
If one throws upon this harsh narrative the light that flows from Camoens' poetry, the lines are softened in the retrospect; the hardship and misfortune are seen in that atmosphere of melancholy that pervades his strong verse and blends with it, as tenderness companions valor in the man himself. To see properly the phases of his genius, one should glance first at the lyrical works, and especially the sonnets, that preceded and accompanied the heroic verse of the epic. From his student days at the university, unlike Marlowe, he was the heir of a developed art, and in all his work is seen the fair background of the poetic tradition,—in the epic the forms of old mythology, and in the lyrics the Italian example of Petrarch. To him his lady Caterina was what Petrarch's Laura had been, an ideal of hopeless and pure passion. Her personality is not definitely known, but she married and died while still young. Though in his sonnets to her Camoens followed the poetic tradition, the reality of his devotion cannot be doubted in its inception; and in its continuance through the years of his youth, and especially of his long exile in the Orient, this ideal passion stood for him, at least, as the sign and certainty of his first failure—his failure in love. It became, perhaps, after long and hopeless years simply the cry of his imagination, but it had its original being in the call of the heart. Very sweet and noble, though conventional, is his early pleading:—
Beautiful eyes, whereof the sunny sphere When most with cloudless clarity of light The infinite expanse he maketh bright, Doubting to be eclipsed, doth stand in fear: If I am held in scorn who hold you dear, Then, having of all things such perfect sight, Consider this thing too, that mortal night To cover up your beauty draweth near. Gather, O gather with unstaying hand, The fruits that must together gathered be, Occasion ripe, and Passion's clasp divine. And, since by you I live and die, command Love, that he yield his tribute unto me, Who unto you have freely yielded mine.
After years of vain castle-building during which he seemed his "own sorrow's architect," and in that wide roaming which he describes,—
Now scattering my music as I pass, The world I range,—
he still kept true to the lover's creed:—
All evils Love can wreak behold in me, In whom the utmost of his power malign He willed unto the world to manifest: But I, like him, would have these things to be. Lifted by woe to ecstasy divine, I would not change for all the world possest.
When his lady died, he lifted his prayer in his loveliest and most famous sonnet:—
Soul of my soul, that didst so early wing From our poor world thou heldest in disdain, Bound be I ever to my mortal pain, So thou hast peace before the Eternal King! If to the realms where thou dost soar and sing Remembrance of aught earthly may attain, Forget not the deep love thou did'st so fain Discover my fond eyes inhabiting. And if my yearning heart unsatisfied, And pang on earth incurable have might To profit thee and me, pour multiplied Thy meek entreaties to the Lord of Light, That swiftly He would raise me to thy side, As suddenly He rapt thee from my sight.
In these sonnets and other lyrical poems the poet is hardly more personal than in the heroic epic, but his personality is more exclusively felt, and the topics are not confined to his love. The most lasting impression made is of the passing of hope out of his life. Camoens was one of those souls who are great in hope; and he often bent upon the past reverted eyes, and drew the sum of his losses, ending in that refrain—
For Death and Disenchantment all was made— Woe unto all that hope! to all that trust!
The vein of melancholy in the lyrical poems opens the tenderness of Camoens, and perhaps the softer note is somewhat overcharged in these admirable but rather Italianated versions of Dr. Garnett's that I have used; life-weariness and profound discouragement, indeed, there is in them; but they are not the simple outflow of a Petrarchan lover's complaint, but the sorrows of a much-toiling man; for Camoens was both sailor and soldier, and as natural to those ways of labor as to the handling of the lute. The voyage, the march, and the battle made up the larger part of his life.
This opens the second trait to be observed in the phases of his development, namely, his absorption of the patriotic vitality of his country. It is true that he inherited a developed and conventionalized art, and had always that fair background of classical figures and Italian atmosphere which were his portion of the Renaissance; but the Renaissance was rather like a little mountain city where he was born and drank his youth; he did not abide there, but came down into the great modern world that was then to be,—the world of the waste of waters and the spreading empires. Portugal played a great part in that age which broke the horizon bars and passed the western and the eastern limit of the sun alike, and made the fleets as free of the ocean as the sea-birds of every wandering wave. Camoens was to make this the great theme of his song,—the ocean fame of Portugal. But he was inducted into his passion of patriotism by natural ways, before the glory of the ocean discoveries was fully opened in his mind. Portugal, you remember, was the child of battle, born of the conflict of the...
(The entire section is 5312 words.)
Sir Edmund Gosse (essay date 1925)
SOURCE: "Camoens," in Silhouettes, William Heinemann, Ltd., 1925, pp. 33-9.
[In the following essay, Gosse summarizes the life of Camões: "Portugal's greatest national author."]
Persistent industry of research has not enabled Portuguese scholarship to fix the exact date of the birth of Portugal's greatest national author, but there seems little doubt that the year was 1524. We were therefore at liberty to celebrate the fourth centenary whenever we pleased, so that it does not slip our memory until after last December. Mr. Aubrey Bell—whose admirable studies in Portuguese, or (as we used to say) in the Portingall, language cannot be too warmly...
(The entire section is 2008 words.)
Leonard Bacon (review date 1946)
SOURCE: A review of Os Lusíadas, in Saturday Review of Literature, Vol. 29, No. 23, June 8, 1946, pp. 42-3.
[In the following review of The Lusiads, Bacon surveys Camões's life and highlights those elements of the poem that will appeal to modern tastes.]
This noble edition of the noble Portuguese epic [Os Lusíadas] in the original is the crowning work of one of the greatest of Romance language scholars. Professor [J. D. M.] Ford, who has already edited Sir Richard Fanshawe's fine seventeenth-century translation of the poem, must feel that he has done good service to literature and to mankind. And what more can a learned man desire? No doubt...
(The entire section is 1816 words.)
Frank Pierce (essay date 1954)
SOURCE: "The Place of Mythology in The Lusiads," in Comparative Literature, Vol. 6, No. 2, Spring, 1954, pp. 97-122.
[In the following essay, Pierce probes the complex scheme of Camões's supernatural machinery in The Lusiads, surveying the critical history of the poem in the process.]
It is a surprising fact that a poem of the stature of Camões' epic, which has for so long been the subject of much comment and criticism, should still present a major problem of interpretation.1 The problem may be put briefly: Camões envisages his theme from the comprehensive standpoint common to his age, that is, he sees human history as including and...
(The entire section is 12738 words.)
Monica Letzring (essay date 1971)
SOURCE: "Strangford's Poems from the Portuguese of Luis de Camoens," in Comparative Literature, Vol. 23, No. 4, Fall, 1971, pp. 289-311.
[In the following essay, Letzring comments on Perry Clinton Sidney Smythe's free translations of Camões's verse in Poems from the Portuguese of Luis de Camoens, the first collection of the poet's lyrics in English.]
Even in his own Portugal, the reputation of Luis de Camoens has always rested primarily on his epic The Lusiads. Despite the fact that he is in no sense inferior as a lyric poet, his numerous canzones, elegies, odes, sonnets, and other short poems have always taken second place to his epic. And...
(The entire section is 9691 words.)
James H. Sims (essay date 1972)
SOURCE: "Christened Classicism in Paradise Lost and The Lusiads," in Comparative Literature, Vol. 24, No. 3, Fall, 1972, pp. 338-56.
[In the following essay, Sims considers parallels in the supernatural machinery of The Lusiads and John Milton's Paradise Lost.]
Milton may well have known the Portuguese epic Os Lusíadas or Sir Richard Fanshawe's Englishing of it or both. Although this is a tentative declaration of faith that cannot at present be indisputably proved, the faith is not a blind one. Parallels between specific aspects of Luis de Camoëns's and Milton's supernatural machinery as well as between the theoretical...
(The entire section is 8616 words.)
Ronald W. Sousa (essay date 1972)
SOURCE: "A Poet and His Nation: The Foreground Myth of Os Lusíadas," in Texas Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 4, Winter, 1972, pp. 19-31.
[In the following essay, Sousa discusses Camões's role as a poet and a representative of the Portuguese nation in The Lusiads.]
My title, "a poet and his nation: the foreground myth of Os Lusíadas," is quite accurately descriptive of what I have chosen to discuss. What I hope to share with you is a close look at one aspect in the overall structure of Os Lusíadas: Camões' treatment, within his poem, of himself in his role as the celebrator of Portuguese national glory, in his role, then, as the...
(The entire section is 5475 words.)
Norwood Andrews, Jr. (essay date 1980)
SOURCE: "Toward an Understanding of Camões' Presence as a Lyric Poet in the Nineteenth-Century American Press," in Luso-Brazilian Review, Vol. 17, No. 2, Winter, 1980, pp. 171-85.
[In the following essay, Andrews details the vogue of interest in Camões and his poetry in nineteenth-century America.]
Luís Vaz de Camões was highly visible on the American literary scene very early in the 1800s, thanks to his having become so even earlier on that of Great Britain. He was, insofar as the English language is concerned, a British discovery, as a lyricist and as an epicist. His American presence is a direct result of the avidity and rapidity with which American...
(The entire section is 6718 words.)
Paul B. Dixon (essay date 1985)
SOURCE: "History and Prophecy in Camões's Os Lusíadas," in Luso-Brazilian Review, Vol. 22, No. 2, Winter, 1985, pp. 145-50.
[In the following essay, Dixon studies Camões's blending of prophesy and history in The Lusiads.]
Few would disagree with the assertion that Camões's Os Lusíadas,1 as history, is an extremely imaginative history, formed at least as much by the poet's mentality as it is by the events it records.2 Yet the difference between Os Lusíadas and other, more properly "historical" records is one of degree, and not of kind. If we define history as discourse about past events rather than as the...
(The entire section is 2612 words.)
William Melczer (essay date 1985)
SOURCE: "The Place of Camões in the European Cultural Conscience," in Empire in Transition: The Portuguese World in the Time of Camões, edited by Alfred Hower and Richard A. Preto-Rodas, University Presses of Florida, 1985, pp. 194-203.
[In the following essay, Melczer focuses on the romantic, European discovery of Camões's work in the nineteenth century.]
The title of this paper, in which we will look at a few aspects of the European fortune of Camões and of the Lusíadas, requires some further clarification.1 What follows is intended primarily as a contribution to the study of the prodigious rise of Camões in the firmament of...
(The entire section is 3649 words.)
Alexandrino Eusébio Severino (essay date 1987)
SOURCE: "The Adamastor and the Spirit-Spout: Echoes of Camoens in Herman Melville's Moby Dick," in From Dante to García Márquez: Studies in Romance Literatures and Linguistics, edited by Gene H. Bell-Villada, et al., Williams College, 1987, pp. 114-32.
[In the following essay, Severino traces the influence of The Lusiads on Herman Melville's Moby Dick.]
In the middle of the last century, an American man of letters who had gone to sea as a young man became acquainted with the work of a Portuguese poet of the sixteenth century, like him, a former sailor and a lover of the sea.1 Out of this encounter across the centuries sprung forth...
(The entire section is 7924 words.)
Eduardo Lourenço (essay date 1989)
SOURCE: "The Lusiads: From National Epic to Universal Myth," in UNESCO Courier, No. 4, April, 1989, pp. 26-7.
[In the following essay, Lourenço emphasizes Camões's blending of the Portuguese voyages of discovery with the Petrarchan myth of universal love in The Lusiads.]
The Western maritime discoveries of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, in which Portugal played a leading role, were the culmination of an odyssey which had begun in ancient times. They extended the bounds of the adventure embarked on long before by the Phoenicians and the Greeks to all the seas of the world. The cycle of modern discoveries was symbolically closed in 1520 by...
(The entire section is 1213 words.)
Vasco Graça Moura (essay date 1989)
SOURCE: "Luís de Camões: The Eventful Life and Times of Portugal's Great Epic Poet," in UNESCO Courier, No. 4, April, 1989, pp. 17-25.
[In the following essay, Moura characterizes Camões and his poem The Lusiads, highlighting contradictions and oppositions in the man, his age, and the epic.]
The little that is known about the life of Luís de Camões can be summed up in a few lines. He was probably born in Lisbon in 1525, but even this is not known for certain. Nothing is known about what he studied or where (possibly in Coimbra) and next to nothing about his life until he set sail for the Orient, where he spent seventeen equally obscure years. A few...
(The entire section is 2887 words.)
David Quint (essay date 1993)
SOURCE: "The Epic Curse and Camões' Adamastor," in Epic and Empire: Politics and Generic Form from Virgil to Milton, Princeton University Press, 1993, pp. 99-130.
[In the following excerpt, Quint examines the figure of Adamastor in The Lusiads as "a demonic composite of the natural and human foes faced by the Portuguese imperial enterprise."]
In the fifth canto of the Lusíadas, Vasco da Gama is the guest of the African king of Melinde on the east coast of Africa. He narrates the story up to this point of his voyage from Portugal: Camões' obvious models are Odysseus telling his adventures to Alcinous in Phaeacia and Aeneas recounting his...
(The entire section is 6399 words.)
Marina Brownlee (essay date 1995)
SOURCE: "The Dark Side of Myth in Camões' 'Frail Bark'," in Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2, 1995, pp. 176-90.
[In the following essay, Brownlee perceives a double transgression in The Lusiads—Vasco da Gama's violation of epic values and Camões's transgression against the epic voice in writing his poem.]
Transgression in epic—its normative role—is one of contrast. The transgressive character or impulse in question is ritualistically eliminated in favor of the cultural values celebrated by the text. Little, if any, space exists for deviation in the matter of epic or the voice that articulates it. In the case of Camões'...
(The entire section is 5220 words.)
Further Reading
Hart, Henry H. Luis de Camoëns and the Epic of the Lusiads. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962, 335 pp.
Biography that endeavors to eliminate the more dubious episodes from Camões's life story. An epilogue reprints Camões's lyric poetry in English translation.
Andrews, Norwood H., Jr. "An Essay on Camões' Concept of the Epic." Revista de Letras 3 (1962): 61-93.
Places Camões epic poem The Lusiads solidly in the nationalistic and classical tradition of Homer and Virgil.
———. "Camões Among American Authors: Isaac...
(The entire section is 309 words.)