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Incubator hosts Hoyt for Q&A
If you wanted to know more about the state of New York state, and Gov. Andrew Cuomo's 2013 address on the subject, the SUNY Fredonia Technology Incubator was the place to be Thursday afternoon.
Sam Hoyt, Regional President, Empire State Development Corp., was introduced by SUNY Fredonia President Dr. Virginia Horvath who said Hoyt was there to give a presentation on Cuomo's 2013 State of the State address and budget proposal.
Hoyt said he was charged with getting feedback on what he's hearing back to Cuomo.
"He realizes that there's a balance of power, he's not a dictator. He wants to have a dialogue with the people," Hoyt said. "The legislature is going to chime in on their opinions and after I conclude the speeches and presentations like this, my challenge, my charge, is to get back to him with feedback."
Hoyt said the governor knows there will be give and take and added the budget and message is consistent with what the state has heard from Cuomo from the beginning.
"Fiscal discipline and integrity will continue to be the hallmark of what this governor is all about. Bottom line is that for too many years Albany was known as the most dysfunctional capital, state, in the union. Budgets were late. When there were deficits the only answer was to raise taxes," Hoyt stated, adding gridlock was the norm.
Hoyt said on-time budgets with no tax increases are Cuomo's continued goals to help move the state forward. He ran through the highlights of Cuomo's speech before taking questions.
The first audience questioner asked where Cuomo was on the Dunkirk NRG project.
"He's proposed the EnergyHighway Initiative which would, as I understand, completely repair and modernize the energy transmission system from upstate to downstate. … The EnergyHighway proposal would actually call for repairing that system and taking energy that's manufactured here and sending it downstate," Hoyt replied. "We recognize that this specific plant in Dunkirk is a major tax contributor to the community, but more importantly, a major employer."
Hoyt said a decision hasn't been made yet but talks continue and the state would "like to be helpful."
He was then asked about Carriage House and Petri's employees who have been or will be laid off. Hoyt said talks were held with the company before decisions were made to close or lay off employees. He cited an example when talks were a wasted effort.
"Often decisions are made even though they may put on that they're entertaining offers. We have a facility in Olean that was competing with a facility in Pennsylvania and they went through the motions in terms of entertaining the offer that was being made from ESD. We later found out that this decision had been made long before," he explained. "Empire State Development is about attracting new businesses to New York state but, almost as important, it's about retaining the existing work force. We are in a regular contact, both in terms of recruitment of new businesses, but also in meetings with existing businesses attempting to get them to increase their work force. If there's some indication that a business might be in trouble then it's what can we do to try and help you be more competitive."
Chamber President and CEO Todd Tranum also expressed concern about the NRG situation. He said it would be a $750 million private investment that would be good for the environment, tax base and jobs.
Hoyt wanted to be reminded of what the "public ask is."
"To let us build the facility. To let us convert it and to make sure we have the infrastructure to get that power to where the demand is downstate. It sort of ties into the super energy highway aspect," Tranum replied.
Public financing of elections was another concern. Hoyt said it was something Cuomo supports.
"I expect you're going to see that taken up during the legislative session, probably post budget. … Getting both houses and the governor to agree to it is going to be a real challenge," he added.
With the state pushing for more casinos, Hoyt was asked if that was violating existing treaties. He replied that there would have to be a change to the state constitution, a process which has started. Hoyt explained the change has passed both houses once and will be up again in this legislative session. If it passes in the session the proposed change will likely be on the ballot in November.
He said any current treaties being abided by will be honored.
"Honoring treaties will be priority because a treaty is a treaty," he stated. "It's a law and I don't think it's part of the plan to violate them."
A Cuomo proposal to increase the minimum wage in the state saw two different views. Tranum said the Chamber has concerns about raising it.
"We have a lot of employers who pay well above that and we would suggest the focus be more around retraining and skill development to take people to that next step and get them into the higher-paying job opportunities," Tranum said. "As you know, we're close to the Pennsylvania border. It's about economic competitiveness; they could easily pick up and move across the border if a minimum wage increase were passed. It's an additional cost on their business and makes us less competitive."
Tranum suggested waiting until the issue is taken up on the national level so the state is on a level playing field.
Two people said raising the minimum wage is a good idea.
"We've found wherever they've raised the minimum wage it's caused an increase in innovation to try and get your manufacturing costs down," one said. He added big corporations want to keep people below the poverty level.
"Training people for higher positions is necessary also, but we can't have a country of all highly-trained people; we need tradesmen and workers too," the second supporter stated.
Hoyt said training is important as not everyone is destined to scholarly futures.
"There will always be a need for mechanics. There will always be a need for carpenters, plumbers, etc. I think we've got to emphasize the vocations as well and recognize that not everyone is off to get a master's degree in business," he added.
In response to questions, Hoyt said the governor is still a proponent of local government and school district consolidation and any cost due to an increase in school hours would be picked up by the state.
Hoyt's presentation was one of several he made Thursday in western New York.
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Prepare to dance, scream, laugh, raise hell, and have the best night of your life in Nasty Gal Prom Collection 2014! Featuring neon velvet mini dresses, sequin-covered maxis and stunning separates, this collection has something for everyone from the rebels to the prom queens.
This little skater skirt features a pastel balloon print (so you're sure to stand out), high pleated waist, and hook/zip closure at side. Fully lined. Wear it with a cute crop top and you've got the perfect outfit for spinning around the dance floor!
*100% Polyester
*26"/66cm waist
*15.5"/39cm length
*Model is wearing size small
*Measurements taken from size small
*Hand wash cold or dry clean
*Measurement taken from garment
Emily Jean is a US size 0
Height: 5'9.5"
Bust: 32" / Waist: 23" / Hips: 34"
Astrological sign: Sagittarius
Can't live without: Zoe Cheleski
Tell us a secret: McDonald's is good for the soul!
If you're not utterly obsessed with your recent purchase, it's now so easy to send it back! All US returns can be completed online using our fast, hassle-free system. Check out the links below for more details.
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A Fiscal Fridays interview feautring Rand Paul will air Friday, Jan. 8, at 1:00 p.m. on WBIN-TV and 99.1 NH1 News. The video will later be available on the First Budget website.
Policy Director Joshua Gordon presents a chart talk about the nation's fiscal challenges to visiting MBA students enrolled in the Washington Campus education program.
First Budget is a co-sponsor of the New Hampshire Student Primary Convention. First Budget has an information kiosk at the convention and will present its budget exercise "Your First Budget" on January 6.
The Concord Coalition's Sara Imhof presents to Cary, North Carolina's rotary club.
First Budget Cabinet member Jeff Danielson presents to Cedar Falls Jaycees on the national debt and presidential election.
First Budget Cabinet member Jeff Danielson presents to Cedar Falls Jaycees on the national debt and presidential election.
Business and community leaders, as well as local area students, are invited to join the Siouxland Chamber Government Relations Council in an interactive forum to learn about fiscal challenges facing the nation and the 2016 presidential candidates.
During this fun and interactive exercise...
The Concord Coalition will speak to the Iowa Taxpayers Association on issues with the federal tax code and present the budget exercise Principles and Priorities.
The fifth Fiscal Friday will feature presidential candidate Donald Trump being interviewed in studio at NH1 starting at 5:00 p.m. on December 1.
First Budget presents to the Des Moines Lions Club on the major fiscal challenges facing the country.
First Budget, Quad City Times, St. Ambrose University, and Quad City Cities Chamber of Commerce will host "Your First Budget" interactive exercise.
Concord Coalition Executive Director Robert Bixby will present a paper he co-wrote on the federal budget deficit at a Brookings Institution event in Washington D.C.
Click here for...
New Hampshire radio personality Paul Hodes speaks at the Durham-Great Bay Rotary meeting.
The fourth Fiscal Friday will feature former New York Governor George Pataki being interviewed in studio at NH1 starting at 10:00 a.m. on November 13.
Register for the event...
First Budget cabinet member David Oman presents to the Des Moines Rotary Club on the nation debt and presidential campaign.


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Your youngster's Brooklyn pride doesn't fade when he's not at the game! Make sure your young fan can show off his Nets team spirit on your family vacation this year with these Big Logo swim shorts. They've got an elastic drawstring waist and printed Nets graphics. Also featuring a contrast-colored stripe and a pocket on the right leg, these team-colored shorts are the perfect way for your young fan to enjoy the beach in genuine NBA style!
- Screen print graphics
- Size 18 has an inseam approximately 10"
- Officially licensed NBA product
- One mesh side pocket with hook-and-loop cover closure
- Shoelace fly with four grommets
- Applique stripe
- Elastic waistband with drawstring
- UV-50 protection
- 100% Polyester
- Lightweight swim shorts
- Mesh lining
- Imported
- Imported
- Brand: Peak Season
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Renaissance 8 pc Outdoor Patio Dining Set with Premium Sunbrella Fabric
About this item
Set Includes:
- 60" round table
- 6 swivel rockers with Sunbrella® cushions
Umbrella Sold Separately
This dining set adds an incredible, elegant and detailed design to your patio, deck, sun room, or backyard. The set is crafted of rust free cast aluminum for years of lasting enjoyment.
The abundance of intricate decorative detail of the 60" round table and six 360 degree swivel rotation rocker chairs lends romantic intrigue to the dining destination.
The removable Lazy Susan brings versatility to your dining options. The lazy susan has an umbrella whole, with a cap, to accommodate an umbrella.
Umbrella is sold seperately.
Sunbrella® began making their performance fabric for boat sails and soon moved to fabrics for luxury automobiles. This high-performance fabric fights stains, fading and anything Mother Nature throws at it! Celebrating over 50 years of shade innovation and performance, Sunbrella fabrics offer quality and beautiful styling along with a 5-year warranty that lets you know your investment will last for years to come.
View the assembly instructions here. (PDF)
View the assembly instructions here. (PDF)
View the assembly instructions here. (PDF)
Assembled Country
Assembled Size
Table: D 60.2" x H 28.7"
Chairs: L 2 5.6" x W 24.4" X H 36.0"
Component Country


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CVS Acid Controller Tablets Maximum Strength
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Famotidine tablets USP, 20 mg. Acid reducer. Just one tablet! Prevents & relieves heartburn due to acid indigestion. CVS Pharmacist recommended. Compare to the active ingredient in Maximum Strength Pepcid AC (This product is not manufactured or distributed by Johnson & Johnsons Merck, distributor of Maximum Strength Pepcid AC Acid Reducer. Pepcid AC is a registered trademark of Merck & Co. Inc). Made in India.
- Ship & Save:
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Active Ingredient (in Each Tablet): Famotidine, USP (20 mg). Inactive Ingredients: Colloidal Silicon Dioxide, Hypromellose, Magnesium Stearate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Pregelatinized Starch, Polyethylene Glycol, Talc and Titanium Dioxide.
Important: Read the directions, consumer information leaflet and warnings before use. Keep the carton. It contains important information. Adults and Children 12 Years and Over: To relive symptoms, swallow 1 tablet with a glass of water. Do not chew. To prevent symptoms, swallow 1 tablet with a glass of water at any time from 10 to 60 minutes before eating food or drinking beverages that cause heartburn. Do not use more than 2 tablets in 24 hours. Children Under 12 Years: Ask a doctor. Read the directions, warnings before use. Keep the carton. It contains important information. Store at 68-77 degrees F (20-25 degrees C). Protect from moisture. Protect from light. Tips for managing heartburn: Do not lie flat or bend over after eating. Do not wear tight-fitting clothing around the stomach. Do not eat before bedtime. Raise the head of your bed. Avoid heartburn causing foods such as rich, spicy, fatty or fried foods, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, and certain fruits and vegetables. Eat slowly and avoid big meals. If overweight, lose weight. Quit smoking.
Allergy Alert: Do not use if you are allergic to famotidine or other acid reducers. Do not use if you have trouble or pain swallowing food; vomiting with blood; or bloody or black stools (These may be signs of a serious condition. See your doctor); if you have kidney disease, except under the advise and supervision of a doctor; with other acid reducers. Ask a doctor before use if you have: had heartburn over 3 months (This may be a sign of a more serious condition); heartburn with lightheadedness, sweating or dizziness; chest pain or shoulder pain with shortness of breath, sweating, pain spreading to arms, neck or shoulders, or lightheadedness; frequent chest pain; frequent wheezing, particularly with heartburn; unexplained weight loss; nausea or vomiting; stomach pain. Stop use and ask a doctor if: your heartburn continues or worsens; you need to take this product for more than 14 days. If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use. Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Sealed with printed foil under cap for your protection.


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Dotted Tropic Lush Green Short Sleeve PJ Top
Style: 7570075686
Out of Stock
A pIped, ruffle-trimmed pocket perks up a short sleeve pajama top in caressingly soft Cool NIghts knit. Summery print top pairs with Tabbed PJ Crop or Short.
- Our Embraceable pajamas are the softest, most luxurious in the world.
- Exclusive Cool Nights ® knit stays cool and dry.
- Non-cling knit retains shape and silky drape, even after countless washings.
- Approximately 26.5" from shoulder.
- Rayon/Spandex. Machine wash. Imported.
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As I have mentioned once or twice in other threads, someone named Harold Friend has a site called "The Bleacher Report" that regularly posts items from Brooklyn Dodgers history. Today's concerns an episode that I must confess I was unfamiliar with: the Dodgers' exhibition series against the Atlanta Crackers in April 1949 and their standoff with the Ku Klux Klan.
Branch Rickey stood his ground and the Klan caved.
Some other minor notes:
Samuel Green, the Grand Dragon who tried to stop the Dodgers coming because Jackie and Campy were there, died just four months later, in August 1949. (http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstra...83D85F4D8485F9)
Herman Talmadge, Georgia's governor -- who claimed not to be aware of the series -- later became a U.S. Senator from Georgia. He was part of the Watergate hearings.
But of greater interest here is the ghostwritten column put out under Jackie's name on August 23, 1949:


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Sensuous Lace Modern Brief
Style: 14570052034
Out of Stock
Make room in your top drawer for our exclusive Sensuous Lace™ modern brief. Made of smooth, silky microfiber with exquisite embroidery at the sides, it's uniquely elegant and seductively comfortable. Add a Sensuous Lace™ or Sensuous Sides™ bra for a set that makes a truly beautiful statement.
- Sensuously silky microfiber.
- Ribbon bow accent.
- Breathable cotton gusset.
- Moderate back coverage.
- Body: 85% Nylon, 15% Spandex; Lace: 100% Polyester, excluding trim; Gusset: 100% Cotton. Machine wash, warm. Imported.
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Viability of Digital Music Stores in Singapore
With BlackBerry partnering 7digital in launching the new Music Store app in Singapore, the spotlight is yet again on the viability of digital music stores here. We have seen brands come and go with their respective offerings. How do recent developments in the mobile scene affect consumers' adoption of such services?
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Student Media
Fun and opportunities on tap for 2009-10
Wednesday, August 12, 2009
Troy Stende, leadership trainer/speaker, is on campus Aug. 25.
From new student orientation, to Move-In Weekend, to Homecoming, the first eight weeks of the 2009-10 academic year are jam-packed with activity.
Here's a sampling:
Aug. 17-21
International students learn about St. Cloud State and the surrounding communities, courtesy of the Center for International Studies' new student orientation.
Aug. 22-23
New student orientation is the focus of Welcome Weekend activities and events.
Aug. 22
Move-In Day for first-year and transfer students. View the New Students flyer (.pdf).
Aug. 23
Move-In Day for returning students. View the Returning Students flyer (.pdf).
Aug. 24
Related links
Move-In video guide (.wmv)
Husky Kickoff (.pdf)
Late Nite bus schedules (.pdf)
Day and evening classes begin. View the Academic Calendar.
Aug. 25
Troy Stende presents "Life Unlimited," a high energy presentation that delivers wisdom on how to earn better grades, improve relationships, overcome fear and more. A professional trainer/presenter, Stende has trained and inspired students around the world. Experience "Life Unlimited" 7 p.m. in Ritsche Auditorium.
Take a trip through House Party 101 -- a mock house party -- to learn about making smart, safe decisions around alcohol use and parties. Join the fun 9 p.m. in Atwood Ballroom.
Aug. 27
Husky Football versus Augustana College 7 p.m. at Husky Stadium.
The Johnny Holm in concert 9 p.m. on the mall outside Atwood Memorial Center
Late Nite -- your safe ride home after a late night out -- begins running. Metro Bus and St. Cloud State team up to provide busing to the south and east parts of town on Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights. View the Fall 2009 route schedule (PDF).
Aug. 30
Husky Soccer versus Southwest Minnesota State University 1 p.m. at Husky Stadium.
Sept. 2
Learn about student organizations, campus services and community connections at Mainstreet. Browse and learn 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. on the mall areas surrounding Atwood Memorial Center.
Sept. 8
Volunteer and Service-Learning Fair, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. in Atwood Memorial Center.
Sept. 9
Student Employment Part-Time Job Fair, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. in Atwood Memorial Center's Cascade Room.
Sept. 12
Into the Streets, the annual student service plunge sponsored by the Volunteer Connection.
Sept. 15
St. Cloud Community Job Fair, 11 a.m. - 5 p.m. at the St. Cloud Civic Center.
Sept. 23
Study Abroad Fair, 10 a.m. - 2 p.m. in Atwood Memorial Center.
Sept. 26 - 27
Family Weekend welcomes families to campus with social, entertainment and athletic events.
Oct. 5-11
Homecoming Week, the annual celebration of all things red-and-black, includes a football game, volleyball matches, live music, contests and social gatherings.
University Communications
St. Cloud State University


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On tonight's "American Idol" season finale Lee DeWyze beat Crystal Bowersox to be crowned the ninth season champion. Yesterday, the final two performed three songs each - their favorite song, a song chosen by producer Simon Fuller and their possible winning song. The judges loved both contestants, but seemed to give the edge to Crystal. Tonight, all twelve finalists reunited and performed with artists such as Alice Cooper, The Bee Gees, Michael McDonald, Christina Aguilera, Hall & Oates, Bret Michaels, Alanis Morissette, Chicago, Joe Cocker and Janet Jackson. Paula Abdul also returned along with most of the previous "Idol" winners to give a proper send-off to departing judge Simon Cowell. The finale culminated with Ryan revealing that Lee received the most votes & was the ninth season winner.
What did you think of the finale? Did America make the right choice? Leave a comment and share your thoughts!


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To Jwkoenig; you seem to equate the influence of unions and corporations, but there is a huge difference. Unions represent large numbers of people who have limited resources to effect their workplace or government. They bind together to exert influence as a group. While some corporations can act in a similar fashion, most do not. They are organizations where a few individuals with huge resources exert undue political influence. But perhaps we can find common ground. I think that we can agree that giving money to a government official will influence him. So ban ALL donations to any political campaign! Require TV and radio to carry a fixed (and tolerable) amount of advertising and debates, and give each candidate a small sum of tax money to campaign with. If that is too restrictive for you, then just ban anyone (including surrogates) who donates money to a candidate from any contact with the politician who wins during his term. That way no one who gives money can influence a politician. To me giving money to a politician is a bribe.
It seems a separation of powers between our government and church was needed to keep one power from abusing their position to have policies they favored passed. But why was God completely taking out of the schools and out of our up bringing. I am not a bible thump er actually far from it but I believe God should have remained in our hearts and in our earthly ways. Loss of humanity,respect, morals,love,compassion, and forgiveness has lead to crime hatred, destruction, greed, abuse and due to America having no real culture there has been an absolute break down and decay in our society. Spreading false truths has not only left people blind but confused on the real truths that are not only disturbing but surreal. Research out side of public schools you be surprised how much we never heard before. If you truly are an American than as a whole we need to stand against corruption in our abusive politicians there is no room for division "United We Stand Divided We Fall"
Although, we are the longest standing government and our government has so many flaws. Over exerting their authoritarian power has lead many people questioning who are the real criminals. Last time i checked the only one who has the right to kill is God. Native Americans had a better idea for a successful government after all it's their Constitution we follow. Funny thing is that fact is not taught in our public schools."Let he who is without sin, cast the first stone" Jesus Unless you are living a life of perfection or in complete service to God you like many are corrupt or follow their ways. i think some changes in the criminal justice system need to occur. We need to balance our system too many are getting incarcerated or housed for negative behavior but they are not being rehabilitated That needs to be more on an individual level. Otherwise we have a bunch of corrupted officials getting to make that decision on who lives and who dies. By definition that is a form of " A God Complex" Corruption has tarnished the image of Congress so if we want fair and equal treatment we need to fire all who are currently employed in congress and start fresh.
Amendments should be added when needed The Constitution was written on paper not stone.
Scene: Timothy McVeigh in a truck filled with fertilizer based explosives; going to blow up Oklahoma federal bldg. No patrol car can spot him, only a drone can safely take him out when he stops at a phone booth for 2 minute sneer call. What would President do?
Equal rights amendment!
Concerning the question on whether the founding fathers intended for the US to be a religeous nation,, It is and always has been well known that the colonies each had or very nearly had a predominate religion. Wisely the Reps chose to forbid the congress from creating a "state" religion. That in no way implies a ban on religeous freedom. Quite the contrary. "Congress will make no law..............
Jwkoenig noted that, " The progressive era amendments 16th-18th, took away states' rights to appoint senators and have a voice in the federal government, and allowed our government to grow to outrageous levels with the income tax." You could have added the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to that list...because you obviously wish that the Civil War had not been fought and lost by the states-rightists. The States-Rights issue has been raised and failed. More than 600,000 dead Americans can attest to that.
Positive amendments to the US Constitution that have reshaped America...freeing the slaves, making them citizens, giving the male ex-slaves the vote, giving women the right to vote, giving 18 year-olds the right to vote. Negative amendments to the US Constitution that have reshaped America: Prohibition; reducing the number of terms a president can serve What does this say about amendments to the US Constitution?
Liberals love to talk badly about the "corporations are people" concept but are nowhere to be found when unions spend tons of money on Democrats' campaigns. As far as amendments being rare, I agree that they should be. This was the whole reason that the constitution makes it so hard to do. Historically, some of the most problematic amendments were passed hastily and have unfortunate consequences today. The reconstruction period birthed the 13th-15th amendments, which did some very good things with ending slavery but have caused issues with birthright citizenship and over-the-top political correctness with the equal protection clause. The progressive era amendments 16th-18th, took away states' rights to appoint senators and have a voice in the federal government, and allowed our government to grow to outrageous levels with the income tax.
It is my belief that amendments to the US Constitution should be rare and debated for a long time before the process is initiated. I would suggest such discussions on restricting the constitutional right to own fire arms and repeal of the "corporations are people" concept and restrictions on corporate spending in campaigns.


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I've got an Element on the way soon, and I'm trying to make up my mind as to which of two guitars to install it in. The other guitar will get an active iBeam with an added soundhole magnetic pickup.
One guitar is a beat-up Aria Dreadnought AD-28 that looks rough but sounds beautiful. Nice natural scooped sound. The other is a Seagull S6+ Spruce, which sounds pretty good, too. Both guitars have solid spruce tops. I prefer the unamplified sound of the Aria, although the Seagull is more playable.
Am I correct in thinking that the iBeam's construction makes it a bit more faithful to the unamplified sound of the guitar? If so, I would be better off putting the iBeam+mag in the Aria, and the Element in the Seagull, right? I don't mind terribly if the Element colors the sound of the Seagull somewhat, as long as I can get a usable sound for solo performances (not strumming, but not quite fingerstyle, either).
I play both guitars into a Zoom A2, then into a TC Helicon Harmony G, then into the house PA.
I realize that the best answer to this question is to try both systems in both guitars, but if I can get it sounding good after the first install, I might save myself some extra work.


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After implementation of a new 'track and trigger' model, nursing staff showed improved self-assessed knowledge and confidence in detection and management of deteriorating patients
- Flinders University, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence to
: Dr Lindy King
Flinders University, School of Nursing & Midwifery, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia,, Australia; lindy.king{at}flinders.edu.au
Commentary on:
Implications for practice and research
Staff education appears important prior to introduction of new track and trigger (T&T) scoring and response systems.
Staff confidence, knowledge and use of T&T and early response systems may assist early detection of patient deterioration.
Further research on the impact of T&T models on patient outcomes is warranted.
Internationally, training in and use of T&T scoring systems along with a variety of rapid response strategies and regular observation-taking are believed to be useful foundations to assist nurses' detection of deteriorating patients. In the UK, recommendations have been made for the introduction of these systems.1 However, there are few studies that evaluate the impact of …


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User satisfaction study: Facebook vulnerable to Google+
User satisfaction with Facebook is low enough that the social networking site risks losing significant market share to Google+, according to a new study.
User satisfaction with Facebook is low enough that the social networking site risks losing significant market share to Google+, according to a new study.
Microsoft plans to start rolling out a redesigned MSN.com on Wednesday in the U.S., the first major update for the page in more than 10 years.
Microsoft will force an upgrade on users of its Windows Live Messenger instant messaging software in September to plug a hole the company introduced when a programmer added an extra character to a code library.
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First impression on unpacking the Q702 test unit was the solid feel and clean, minimalist styling.
For work use, Microsoft Word and Excel programs pre-installed on the device are adequate for preparing short documents.
The Fujitsu LifeBook UH574 allowed for great mobility without being obnoxiously heavy or clunky. Its twelve hours of battery life did not disappoint.
The screen was particularly good. It is bright and visible from most angles, however heat is an issue, particularly around the Windows button on the front, and on the back where the battery housing is located.
My first impression after unboxing the Q702 is that it is a nice looking unit. Styling is somewhat minimalist but very effective. The tablet part, once detached, has a nice weight, and no buttons or switches are located in awkward or intrusive positions.


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It may be disgusting to pet owners, but dogs eating poop is an unfortunately common behavior. If you notice this issue in your canine, it's important that you talk to a veterinarian right away so the problem can be addressed. Eating feces of other animals poses a threat of exposure to worms and other internal parasites as well as deadly parvovirus. Intervention is necessary to try to stop this behavioral issue before it presents a serious medical problem, VCA Animal Hospitals reports.
Coprophagia in dogs is the medical term for eating feces - either their own or that of another animal. It is quite common for inquisitive puppies to go through an oral fixation phase during which time they pick up and "mouth" anything—including poop. Many puppies exhibit this behavior from an early age, but it tends to subside as they mature. The first step that owners need to take is to rule out any possible medical causes of the problem.
Possible medical causes
The main reasons for stool-eating from a medical perspective include nutrient absorption issues, conditions causing an increased appetite, or an increase in the appeal of the stool. Poor nutrition, feeding of an improperly balanced diet, or diseases of the pancreas or intestine may cause issues with adequate nutrient absorption resulting in coprophagia. These disorders may also result in foraging tendencies or attempting to eat other items the dog wouldn't normally eat. Conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disease or Cushing's disease may result in a dog experiencing a markedly increased appetite which may cause indiscriminant eating of non-food items. Certain conditions, including parasites or diseases that cause undigested food to appear in the feces, may make the feces appealing to the animal.
Possible behavioral issues
More commonly, the problem of stool eating is purely behavioral. As stated, the issue appears in puppies at an early age and may never subside. Several theories have been given for this behavior. It appears that dogs are naturally attracted to the stool of their pack mates, and dogs that aren't discouraged from this may develop a taste for excrement. Mother dogs may ingest feces when cleaning their puppies at early ages. Finally, humans can also trigger the behavior. The outdated method of punishing a dog for soiling the carpet by "sticking their nose in it" may contribute to the problem. Dogs who are punished for pooping in their crate may begin to eat the feces in order to hide the evidence so they are not punished. Many dogs who eat feces are mimicking the clean-up behavior of their owners. In other words, these dogs watch their owners pick up feces and they decide to do the same thing. Dogs seeking their owners attention also quickly realize this behavior gets attention—negative attention—but attention nonetheless.
Getting treatment
If the underlying issue is related to poor nutrition or is medical in nature, the veterinarian will focus on taking care of these issues first. Once the medical condition is treated, the problem will likely solve itself. Dogs that are eating poop for behavioral reasons should be supervised at all times and given a treat after every defecation accompanied by a firm "leave it" command. Without the dog observing, owners should keep the yard cleared of all feces. When in a dog park or other social area, these dogs must be kept on leash and treats carried to reinforce the "leave it" behavior. If a dog does eat their feces, it is important that owners do not over-react or it may further reinforce the behavior. Just ignore the issue and continue rewarding for proper elimination and "leave it" behavior. Make sure your dog has plenty of opportunities for oral investigation with toys and other appropriate objects so they don't resort to poop eating out of boredom.
Although some owners have found success in feeding stool softeners, papaya or yogurt in attempts to make the feces less attractive, most often these attempts fail and true behavioral modification is necessary to curb this unsavory behavior.


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Prep football: Ishpeming holds Iron Mountain to 10 yards in 36-0 whitewash
ISHPEMING – The question seemed like a difficult one to ponder for the Ishpeming football team in a 36-0 demolition of Iron Mountain on Friday night: What was the best part of your game?
The answer was amazingly simple.
"Defense, definitely," said senior running back and linebacker Bobby Zhulkie, who rushed for a game-high 85 yards with all but one of those coming in the first half.
"It's got to be the defense," echoed senior quarterback Alex Briones, who also mans the linebacker position on defense.
They've taken to heart the philosophy espoused by 22nd-year head coach Jeff Olson, who led a large number of these players to the MHSAA Division 7 championship in Detroit last November.
"It's the defense that we always base our game around," Olson said.
The numbers in the opening game of the season bore out the Hematites' pride on D. They allowed the usually powerful Mountaineers just 10 total yards, holding the visitors to minus-7 yards in the first half on no first downs.
"Give Ishpeming credit, they have a great football team," IM coach Robin Marttila said. "They outmatched us in every phase of the game. "We were just trying to work on some things in our game."
Olson understood that sentiment.
"We have a lot of kids returning, so we're probably a little ahead of them," the Ishpeming coach said. "I could see they were working on their offensive base."
It was probably one reason IM didn't go to the air to try to get back in the game after falling behind 30-0 at halftime.
Another was the ball-hawking Ishpeming defenders. Briones came up with an interception with four and a half minutes to go in the first quarter, setting up a short 10-yard drive that made it 16-0 shortly before the period was over.
Briones' teammates nearly had several other interceptions, not to mention a trio of sacks of Mountaineers senior QB Craig Qualley.
Two sacks were by Ishpeming seniors Derek DeCaire and Mitch Laurin, while the third was marred by a five-yard facemask penalty that as a spot foul still turned it into a play of minus-four yards.
That gave all the breathing room any offense could ask for, and Briones and Zhulkie took advantage. Briones scored his team's first and last TDs while Zhulkie had the second and third.
Though the quarterback actually ran the ball 10 times while putting it up in the air on only eight occasions, the Hematites' passing game was incredibly efficient. Briones completed six passes to six different receivers for a total of 140 yards.
That included a 14-yard TD strike to junior Marcus Antilla late in the second quarter, which had to be regarded as the play of the game.
With less than a minute left before halftime, Ishpeming faced fourth-and-5 inside the IM 20. Briones took the snap and scrambled right as he was chased to the sideline. He pulled up near the junction of the line of scrimmage and the sideline, turned himself 90 degrees like a baseball infielder and threw across his body to Antilla, who was free by at least 20 yards in the middle of the end zone.
After the final TD midway through the third quarter turned on a running clock, IM earned its only two first downs on an 11-play drive that stalled just short of midfield.
That and the Mountaineers' only possession of the fourth quarter featured their best plays of the night – junior punter Daniel Wellman hitting back-to-back punts of 54 and 68 yards. The first punt, with a backing breeze that barely moved the flag, hit several yards into the end zone on the fly.


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Sukkot in Romania
Traditionally, Jewish community professionals in Bucharest were responsible for decorating a sukkah for the approximately 3,500 Jews in Romania's capital city, which is about the size of metropolitan Philadelphia.
Traditionally, Jewish community professionals in Bucharest were responsible for decorating a sukkah for the approximately 3,500 Jews in Romania's capital city, which is about the size of metropolitan Philadelphia.
A 2010 molecular biology graduate of University of California, Santa Barbara, Goldstone decided to take a gap year before embarking on a career in medicine. After meeting JDC's medical director Dr. Rick Hodes, he spent 13 months volunteering in Ethiopia as a member of JDC Entwine's Global Jewish Service Corps.
By the time she was 15, Sari had already cycled through several schools. Each time, it was the same situation. Though Sari's homeroom teacher never noticed the stress she endured from the constant change and the struggle to keep up with her studies, she'd quickly criticize Sari for not upholding the strict behavioral and dress standards of her ultra-Orthodox school.
When 46 Cuban Jews traveled to Israel this summer to participate in the Maccabiah Games, it wasn't just the first time the island nation had sent athletes to what's been described as the "Jewish Olympics." It was also the largest delegation sent "to represent who they are proud to be: Cuban Jews," said Luciano Jaimovich and Alejandra Kotilar, JDC's professional team in Cuba.
Married for more than 50 years, Mr. D, 80, and his wife Mrs. H, 76, live together in an Israeli neighborhood close to their three married adult children. Mrs. H was diagnosed several years ago with dementia and until recently attended a day center four times a week. But when her condition deteriorated, she was forced to spend her days at home with only her husband and a paid caregiver.
Oleg Jonelis first attended JDC's Olameinu summer camp in the Baltics in 2002, when his father sent him to enrich his Jewish cultural education. Eleven years later, Jonelis is the camp's director, and he said supervising more than 200 kids aged seven to 12 each summer from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania couldn't be more rewarding.
About 5,000 miles east of Moscow, in a remote part of Siberia once designated by Joseph Stalin as a new home for Russia's Jews, 29 young people celebrated their bar and bat mitzvahs last month during a JDC-supported family retreat.
After attending the four-day Freilehe Kinder camp and festival near the central Kazakhstan city of Karaganda, Viktoria Goldina has an important message about Jewish life in this Central Asian country of about 17 million people.
Dror's congenital vision loss began to accelerate rapidly in his forties, and now he is almost completely blind. The high-tech professional in Israel used his loss of sight, though, not as a limiting factor in his life but as an entry point for examining and improving his health across the board.
Some marriages are a match made in heaven. For Barbi Paszternak-Szendy and her husband Andras Paszternak, their June nuptials were a match made in Szarvas.


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Get the Katy Perry Look: Makeup Tutorial
When it comes to her look, Katy Perry is anything but conventional. As a lover of fashion, the singer likes to experiment with clothing from different decades and she often wears bright and humorous outfits and accessories. Her makeup follows the same vein and would be a great look for you to try to liven things up. You can could even dress up as her for Halloween! In this video, WatchMojo.com makeup artist Lisa Sim of Sim Minerals heads to Candy Nail Bar to recreate the Katy Perry makeup look.


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Skip to comments.McConnell accuses Kentucky liberal PAC of bugging campaign headquarters
Posted on 04/10/2013 8:02:38 PM PDT by Texas Fossil
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) on Tuesday accused a Kentucky Democratic super-PAC of bugging his campaign office and asked the FBI to investigate.
McConnell lashed out at the group Progress Kentucky after the release of a recording from a Feb. 2 meeting between the senator and his aides in which they debate the merits of attacking actress Ashley Judds mental health, views on religion and attitudes about family.
(Excerpt) Read more at thehill.com ...
Coverup anyone? Read elsewhere that the FBI has come to McConnell's office. Hope they actually attempt to investigate. But not holding breath.
That's classic.
Yes, it is. Very good.
I voted for Nixon and would again in a heartbeat. McGovern was a horror.
Only problem is the MSM would never report a Watergate equivalent on a Dem.
Professional Courtesy from one Commie to another.
They did a sweep in his office after they found out they were taped. I have a feeling that someone in McConnell's group is a snitch.
"What? You think I'm crazy?!?!?!?!?"
Maybe ol' Mitch will go off from wobbly now that it's up close & personal. My wife is a Louisville native & wrote him that no one ever lost an election for opposing gun control.
Guess we will see, but I suspect the ComDem Super PAC he named.
yes maybe this wishy washy pubs will grow up and realize that this is WAR!......
Perhaps we should uses the term democrat in place of commie. Communist should be in turn used to describe the policy's of the Democratic party.
He needs to PUSH and PUSH for an FBI investigation. Don't let it drop, Mitch.
We are a Banana Republic.
You remember ChiComs?
What we have here are ComDems!
Good, possibly now he will listen.
With Eric "the red" Holder as the AG, you are probably correct.
Now the criminals feel empowered. I think the same pattern exists on the street thugs who are pursuing violence against old white guys. Have notice a pattern of empowerment and brazenness.
Where the law of the jungle has replaced the Law of the Land!
The Democrat spin is that McConnell taped the meeting and it somehow got released.
Do you believe that?
I'm not a Democrat. I'm just telling you how they are spinning it.
Actually we became a Banana Republic on election day in 2008 when the BLACK PANTHERS Brandished Billy Clubs at a POLLING PLACE and NOTHING was done about it...NOTHING!! And ALL of the VOTE FRAUD done by Democrats over the years started the process.
Hey—they were just democrats breaking the law like usual with the result being "What difference does it make?" to the holder led justice department.
Oh, I knew you weren't.
But your observation is correct, ComDems Lie 24/7 and no one in the press ever calls them on it.
Let's not waste the overtime money.
The FBI can deliver up rock solid evidence of this and withHolder will file it in the same file as Benghazi.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Sinclairville Woman To Participate In 585-Mile Cycling Tour
An area arborist plans to complete a 585-mile bicycle tour to raise funds for tree research.
Lori Brockelbank, a Sinclairville native who is a certified arborist at FORECON, Inc. Forestry Consulting in Falconer, has found herself celebrating Arbor Day with her two sons, Mathew and Johnathan, for the last nine years. So this year Brockelbank decided to go beyond her normal celebration by participating in a 585-mile cycling tour around Lake Ontario to raise funds for tree research.
"My boys and I have done nine seasons of planting trees for Re-Tree in Buffalo," said Brockelbank. "So, this ride is for them, for their future and for their trees."
According to Brockelbank, the STIHL Tour des Trees will serve as a fundraiser for the Tree Research and Education Endowment Fund, a nonprofit organization dedicated to championing the cause of responsible public stewardship and expert professional care for the world's urban forests.
"The money we raise goes towards the TREE Fund," said Brockelbank. "Scientists, colleges and universities then apply to them for grant money to seed and start research. For instance, Cornell University has been awarded a grant in the past."
The tour will begin on July 28 in Niagara Falls, Ontario, and will trace a 585-mile route around Lake Ontario. On the tour, Brockelbank and 99 other riders will plant trees and participate in educational programs for young audiences in addition to biking nearly 100 miles per day. The tour will conclude on Aug. 3 at Ontario's Toronto Island, which is the site of ISA's International Tree Climbing Competition and Arbor Fair.
"It's the first time that the bike tour has come through New York state," said Brockelbank. "So, I figured that it's pretty close to home, and it would be really neat to do. I've never received money from the TREE Fund, but, much of what I know as an arborist has come from its research."
There are a total of seven full-time riders from New York state who plan to complete the 585-mile tour. But, Brockelbank is the only rider from Chautauqua County. She hopes to raise $3,500 before the tour begins in July. To make a donation, visit www.stihltourdestrees.racepartner.com/2013-stihl-tour-des-trees/Brockelbank.
"Arboriculture is a young science, so for me to continue supporting the knowledge base and research is beneficial to everybody," said Brockelbank. "So far I've raised one-fourth of the goal, and I'm very happy for that."
According to the TREE Fund's website, www.treefund.org, since 1992, the STIHL Tour des Trees has generated more than $5.6 million and has funded a variety of research projects and educational programs for budding tree care professionals.
Brockelbank has never done a bike tour as challenging as the STIHL Tour des Trees before. So, to prepare for the bike tour, Brockelbank has been heading to the gym every morning. She also recently purchased the bike, a Vita Specialized, that she'll be using for the tour from Hollyloft, and now she can hit the road to start training. To follow Brockelbank's adventures, visit her blog at www.thearboristgypsy.blogspot.com.


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Friday, September 23, 2011
Found Poetry
7 comments:
If your words chuff away, put them on some very narrow strips of half tacky,or killed masking tape fastened sticky side up to your work board. The tape now comes in neat colors that are just begging to be used in an art project of their own.ReplyDelete
Do you remember the magnetic words used for writing poetry on your 'fridge? I know someone who has a set, or perhaps two. You can also easily make your own giving you a customized vocabulary.
A zig glue pen.Didn't know about these--I am going to get one!1ReplyDelete
Rita, I have a bad habit of saving things in zip locks and not quite zipping them up. The result is bits everywhere.ReplyDelete
I have like twenty ZIGGIES in my supply collection. Everytime I'm out shopping, I'm thinking...am I almost out of the blue glue? am i? I'd better buy another one just be sure...because I never want to be caught in that creative and inspired moment...andohnoooooo...I'm out of glue!ReplyDelete
showing the 'behind the scenes' really keeps things interesting! we want to see the mess.....the action...the creative storm!!!!
thanks for the link back...
I am surprised and even a little gleeful!
ciao bella
creative carmelina
What a great collections of clipped words!! I enjoyed your poem too - love it on yellow!ReplyDelete
i love love love poems!ReplyDelete
i think i can do this
i,ve done it somehow
thank you so much for reminding me of this, it could be so much fun and challenginf too
but now let's find old books to make poetry ;-)
I save gift card tins too!ReplyDelete


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Page Title: My Account
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You may view your Current Securities and Zero-Percent C of I totals, as well as access Primary and Linked account information. Click the View a summary link to see your most recent purchases, payments, and other activity for your Primary Account.
You may also see the date and time of your last account login and access pages to learn more about specific functions in TreasuryDirect.
Purchase Express allows you to quickly purchase securities using the primary bank information or debit the bank account to fund your Zero-Percent C of I. Please note that all securities in an entity account carry a registration identical to the entity account name. The product type drop-down box is populated with Series EE Bonds, Series I Bonds, C of I, and each available marketable security type and term. By using Purchase Express, you are electing to purchase the next available security of the selected product type.
After reviewing Purchase Express Terms and Conditions,
- Select the Product Type;
- Fill in the Amount;
- Check the certification box to agree to the Terms and Conditions; and
- Click Buy Now.
TreasuryDirect does the rest. The Purchase Express Confirmation page shows all the details of your purchase. (To later view your pending purchase, go to ManageDirect® and click the View/Delete a pending purchase/reinvestment text link.)
To fund your Zero-Percent C of I using Purchase Express, see Learn more about C of I.
Use the BuyDirect® tab to purchase securities with a different financial institution.
You may purchase up to $10,000 of each savings bond type - EE or I bonds - per person (in this instance "person" refers to the entity) each calendar year.
The minimum purchase amount for a Marketable Security is $100 with multiples sold in the same increment. The maximum amount for a noncompetitive purchase is $5 million for each security type in a single auction.
HELPFUL HINT: Remember to use the buttons and links we've provided on each page. For security reasons, using your browser controls to navigate (including the back, forward, and refresh buttons) will end your session.
Primary Actions
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- Click "View a summary" to see your recent purchases, payments, and other activity for your Primary account.


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Hello guys !
The next Artists Facilities Meeting will be next Wednesday 7th of october at 7 pm. My description will be quick... sorry
The points that we have to exchange :
Forest's sound material set up : from saturday 17th to 18th october in the Hall
The Cave : Rehearsal/Practice room or/and Recording studio
The Darkroom : some jobs to do before the re-opening (walls...)
The Printroom : same that below (more or less)
The Café : Damaged stage. Café and Events working group is concerned too.
The Hall : permanent black curtain ? Open or close.
The Balcony : what's new ?
I think it's really quick but efficient
Hope to see lot of you there.


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Tritium Releases and Potential Offsite Exposures
[a/k/a LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY (USDOE)]
[a/k/a LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY (USDOE)]
[a/k/a SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (USDOE))]
March 11, 2002
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was established in 1952 for the principal purpose of conducting nuclear weapons research and development. It occupies a 3.3 km2 site next to the City of Livermore, California, and about 60 km east of San Francisco (See Figure 4-1). More than 6 million people live within 80 km of LLNL, about 73,600 of them in the City of Livermore. LLNL also operates a test site near Tracy, California, called Site 300, which has been used principally for testing non-nuclear explosives. Tritium has been used at LLNL in the nuclear weapons research and development program. Releases to on-site and off-site environments have been measured and the methods and results documented in the LLNL Environmental Monitoring Plan (Tate et al. 1999) and Annual Environmental Reports (see, for example, Harrach et al. 1998, Larson et al. 1999, Larson et al. 2000).
4.1 Sources and monitoring of tritium released from LLNL
The current sources of tritium from the LLNL are the Tritium Facility (airborne releases), several diffuse sources involving mostly storage of tritium-contaminated wastes and materials (airborne, surface water and groundwater releases), and sewage discharge.
The major source of airborne tritium emissions is Building 331 (the Tritium Facility) where experiments involving radioactive gases and their compounds are carried out. There are two stacks, 30 m high which are continuously monitored with two Overhof ionization chambers, one on high range, the other on low. The ionization chambers have alarms and a signal that indicates the total activity that is emitted (HT+HTO plus any other gaseous tritium radioactive compounds). The response of the ionization chambers and alarm set points are verified weekly with a check source. There are quarterly checks of the monitor electronics and a semi-annual check of the chamber calibrations. The monitors are equipped with emergency power supplies. Their current function is primarily for monitoring episodic releases rather than smaller day-to-day routine releases. In the past, when there were significantly higher emissions, the monitors were able to measure routine releases.
In parallel with the ionization chambers on each stack are pairs of molecular sieve continuous samplers in series. The upstream sampler collects HTO; for the downstream sampler, a palladium catalyst converts any HT to HTO so that from the measures of tritium in the moisture collected by the respective samplers, both HTO and HT activities in the effluent can be deduced. These samplers are collected weekly for subsequent extraction of the moisture and measurement of the tritium by liquid scintillation counting. These values are used for reporting emissions and as input to calculations with dispersion models. Other parameters needed for the dispersion models are known (e.g., stack heights) or are continuously measured (stack flow rates, wind speed, direction, and fluctuation characteristics).
There are smaller emissions from several other facilities (for example, Building 391, Laser Target R&D) and four areas that are diffuse sources of tritium on the LLNL site. The diffuse sources are:
Near Building 292-- past leakage from an underground tank with tritium-contaminated water;
Near Building 331-- a waste accumulation area where tritium-contaminated equipment is temporarily stored;
Building 514 -- tanks used to store and treat liquid and solid radioactive and mixed wastes that often contain tritium; and
Near Building 612 -- several outdoor containers holding tritiated wastes.
There has been surveillance of ambient air since the 1970s. Currently, HTO vapor on the Livermore site is monitored with an array of 11 continuously operating silica-gel samplers with an additional six samplers in the Livermore Valley. The samplers are changed every two weeks. Duplicate samplers for quality control, also sampled every two weeks, are operated for two months in parallel with the permanent sampler at a given site.
The Experimental Test Site (Site 300), 34 km to the East of LLNL, is a further diffuse source of tritium emissions from past explosions involving tritium and from tritium-contaminated material disposed in the Site's landfills. Based on a study carried out in 1996 and 1997, which indicated HTO concentrations in air close to general background, only one sampler for HTO is currently maintained on Site 300.
The approximately one million liters of sewage per day that LLNL (plus Sandia National Laboratories) discharges through Building 196 to the city of Livermore collection system is monitored for tritium. Daily and weekly flow-proportional composite samples are collected and analyzed.
Storm water and rainwater are monitored for tritium. Stormwater runoff has been monitored since 1991, and samples are now collected from nine locations on or close to the LLNL site and at eight locations at the Site 300. Samples are taken a few times per year depending on the location and conditions. Rainwater has been collected and analyzed since 1971 and is currently sampled at 15 locations on the LLNL site and in the Livermore Valley.
Tritium in groundwater down gradient of the LLNL site has been monitored since 1988. Currently, groundwater down gradient from the Taxi Strip Area (location of four liquid waste disposal pits that date from 1953 to 1976) and the East Traffic Circle is monitored. A network of 21 wells on or near the LLNL site (including 12 wells in the Livermore Valley) is sampled at least semi-annually. At Site 300 there are several tritium-bearing groundwater plumes (mostly from pits in which tritium-contaminated materials from firing tables are buried) that are monitored. Many wells are sampled and tritium levels determined on and just off the site.
Cores of sediments from storm drainage channels and the two arroyos on the LLNL site are collected for tritium analysis by freeze-drying to recover water from the samples and subsequent LS counting.
LLNL has monitored tritium in vegetation to some extent since 1966, and more extensively (as part of the continuous monitoring program at the LLNL site and Site 300) since 1972. The water in the samples is collected using freeze-drying techniques, and the tritium content of the water then determined by liquid scintillation counting. Vegetation, usually grasses and weeds, are currently sampled quarterly from the Livermore Valley, from San Joaquin County, and from Site 300. The sampling locations are chosen to provide vegetation from places that (1) may be contaminated by tritium from LLNL (within 1 km of the site boundary), (2) background locations where vegetation is similar to that growing near LLNL but is unlikely to be affected by LLNL operations, and (3) areas of known or suspected LLNL-induced contamination. In addition samples are collected from two locations within, or near, the boundary of Site 300 where tritium is known to be present in the subsurface soil.
Locally available wine has been monitored since 1977. The samples have included wines produced from varieties of grapes grown in the Livermore Valley, wines produced from grapes grown in six other wine-producing areas in California outside the Livermore Valley, and wines produced from grapes grown in four areas in France, Germany and Italy. Tritium concentrations are determined by 3He mass spectrometry, a method much more sensitive than liquid scintillation counting and required to measure the tritium activity at the low concentrations found in the wines.
The monitoring methods employed for measuring tritium in effluents are those commonly employed elsewhere and should be capable of providing accurate measures of total gaseous tritium releases (taken by ionization chambers) and of HTO and HT (taken by the molecular sieve samplers). Detailed operational protocols and quality assurance procedures have been developed.
The results from the molecular sieve samplers have been reported for compliance purposes. Ideally comparison of these estimates of releases with time-integrated activities measured with the low-range ionization chambers would indicate whether there might be any tritium in gaseous forms other than HTO and HT (for example, as methane or as larger volatile organic compounds) released in activities that are not negligible compared with those as HTO and HT. The release rates appear to be too close to, or below, the detection limit for the ionization chambers for this direct comparison. Were there to be any episodes of higher release rates, such a comparison would be worthwhile.
The air monitoring with silica gel samplers appears appropriate. The protocols that were sampled (Tate 1998, Tate 1999, Hunt 2000) are detailed and straightforward. The distribution of the sampling locations appears to have been developed on the basis of knowledge of potential source locations. Tritium as HTO is the only chemical species of tritium that is measured. The current program appears adequate and, as with the entire environmental monitoring program, is subject to review annually with updates every three years.
Sewage, groundwater, surface water, and sediments are all currently measured for HTO at locations that have been judged appropriate based on knowledge of piping systems, hydrogeology, and the results of surveys. Given the detailed nature of the hydrogeological work as reported, it seems unlikely that significant plumes of tritium-contaminated water have escaped detection. Storm water runoff was not monitored before 1975, so releases by this pathway are not known for those earlier years. The observed tritium groundwater concentrations reflect much earlier releases from on-site sources, given the slower- moving nature of aquifers.
The tritiated water content of vegetation has been sampled for the past 34 years; more extensively for the past 28 years. The choice of grasses appears to be consistent with the U.S. Department of Energy guideline (USDOE 1991) on sampling indicator materials. Apart from a continuing series of measurements on a pine tree and on a variety of wines, the results from the native grasses appear to provide (at least as reported in the annual reports) the only data on tritium (as HTO) currently in vegetation. Given the low levels observed this might be justified. The freeze-dry analysis method used for both vegetation samples and for air moisture samples with low levels of tritium, as described (LLNL 1999a), is a standard and reliable technique.
The only measurements of tritium that include OBT along with HTO, other than the ionization chambers stack monitors on Building 331, are those on wine. The technique described (LLNL 2000) ensures that total tritium is measured. The only pre-processing of the wine samples is to cycle them through a few heating and cooling steps to remove 3He that may have grown-in before the analysis starts. Hence, the water and solids of the wines are not separated so that the measured 3He will have grown-in from total tritium, i.e., it will be from both HTO and OBT. Helium-3 mass spectrometry would have to be used if any attempt were to be made to measure OBT and HTO separately in vegetation.
Overall, the technologies currently employed in the monitoring and measurement of tritium appear to be consistent with practices described in the literature (NCRP 1976, Wood et al.1993) and widely practiced in nuclear establishments elsewhere.
4.2 Estimated releases and environmental concentrations
Most released tritium has been airborne with the dominant source being the Tritium Facility (Building 331). The total activity of tritium released from LLNL has been reported as approximately 28 PBq (760 kCi) during LLNL's more than 40-year history (Tate et al., 1999). Most of this activity was released in two events; 13 PBq (350 kCi) in 1965 and 11 PBq (300 kCi) in 1970. Both releases were cited (Myers et al. 1973 and USDOE 1982) as being in the form HT. Annual reports indicate that releases measured since the 1980's from the Tritium Facility have declined (see Figure 4.2); the large decrease since 1992 reflecting substantial reductions in operations at the tritium facility. The annual tritium releases from LLNL were between 40 to 280 TBq ( 1 kCi to 7.5 kCi) before 1992, and have been between 3 and 12 TBq (80 and 320 Ci) since 1992. During 1999 about 8 TBq (200 Ci) of HTO were emitted from the stacks, about 0.4 TBq (10 Ci) from all other diffuse sources combined, and less than 0.01 TBq (0.3 Ci) were released through the sewer. Releases from other (un-monitored) facilities estimated either from the air surveillance measurements or by using a specified EPA fractional release standard, will add to the measured emissions.
Figure 4.2. Emissions of HT and HTO from the Tritium Facility between 1981 and 1999 (from Larson et al. 2000). TBq = 10 12 Bq.
According to the respective annual reports, approximately 80% of the tritium released from the Tritium Facility in the last five years has been in the form of HTO. Reported releases in TBq in each of these years as HTO and as HT respectively have been(5): in 1999 (7.9, 2.5); 1998 (3.1, 0.9); 1997 (9.9, 1.2); 1996 (6.7, 1.2); and in 1995 (2.3, 1.1). Given the much greater dosimetric significance of the HTO form, the health protective assumption generally made in dose estimations, is that all of the releases are HTO, rather than a mixture of HTO and HT.
Some, but not all, of the releases from the nearby Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) appear to be included with the LLNL data. The 1994 Annual Environmental Report (Harrach et al. 1995) notes that the 1994 releases in air effluents from SNL were 3.4 TBq of HTO and 1.5 TBq of HT (90 Ci and 40 Ci) and that those from LLNL were 5.1 TBq with 2.8 TBq as HTO and 2.3 TBq as HT (140 Ci with 76 Ci as HTO and 62 Ci as HT). In 1995 SNL ceased all tritium facility operations. Figure 7-9 in the 1999 Annual Environmental Report (Larson et al. 2000), which shows the correlation between annual median tritium activity in rain and total stack emissions, explicitly includes both emissions from the LLNL site and the SNL site. It would appear that reported releases for LLNL to the atmosphere do not include those of SNL (as illustrated here in Figure 4.2). The more distant ambient monitoring of tritium by LLNL in past years will necessarily be including contributions from SNL. Liquid effluents from SNL have been routed through the LLNL wastewater system since 1980 with combined reporting of total tritium concentrations.
Monitoring of all media in recent years indicates that the levels of tritium (measured as HTO) in other effluents and vegetation in the environment are generally decreasing with time as shown by the 1999 Annual Report (see Figures 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5).
Figure 4.3 Liquid tritium releases from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (from (Larson et al. 2000; Figure 6-2).
Figure 4.3 shows the general decrease in monthly average concentrations of tritium in the sewer effluent from LLNL site from monthly annual highs in the thousands of Bq/L during the late 1970s down to values in the tens of Bq/L in recent years (from » 100 nCi/L down to » 1 nCi/L ). Similarly, Figure 4.4 indicates the decrease in storm water concentrations from values in the hundreds of Bq/L in the early 1980s down to the order of 10 Bq/L currently (from » 10 nCi/L down to tenths of nCi/L).
Figure 4.5 illustrates the general decrease in concentration of tritium in the tissue water of vegetation with time. From 1971 to 1990 the concentrations were fairly constant at approximately 40 Bq/L (1 nCi/L) at near and intermediate distances from the LLNL site. They have decreased to approximately 4 Bq/L (0.1 nCi/L) from 1990 to 1999.
Figure 4.4. Median storm water tritium concentrations from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (from Larson et al. 2000; Figure 7-6).
4.2.2 Releases and environmental concentrations of OBT
For tritium analysis, the water samples are first distilled and then counted in a scintillation counter. This procedure should remove the heavier elements such as Cs and Pu, but may not remove all of the tritiated organic compounds. Hence, some of any OBT may be detected in measurements of water samples. For vegetation samples, water has been separated from organic matter by freeze drying so measured tritium will not have included any OBT.
Figure 4.5 Median concentrations of tritium in vegetation sampled on the LLNL site and in the Livermore Valley, 1971 - 1999. For "Far vegetation" for 1998 and 1999, the values are the lowest positive (from Larson et al. 2000; Figure 11-3).
The only measurements that definitely include OBT are those made of tritium in wine. The concentrations of tritium as HTO plus OBT in sampled wines over recent years are shown in Figure 4.6. For the wines made from grapes grown in the Livermore area in 1998, the tritium results ranged from 1.3 to 8.2 Bq/L (35 to 220 pCi/L), for wines from grapes grown in other areas of California, the tritium results ranged from 0.34 to 0.58 Bq/L (9 to 16 pCi/L), and for the European wines, the tritium results ranged from 1.1 to 1.7 Bq/L (30 to 46 pCi/L). These values are well above the minimum detection limit (MDL) of 0.056 Bq/L (1.5 pCi/L) for tritium using the 3He method. In contrast, the MDL for liquid scintillation counting is typically in the range of 4 to 20 Bq/L (100 to 500 pCi/L range).
Figure 4.6 Mean tritium concentrations in retail wines from the Livermore vicinity, from elsewhere in California and from Europe. The tritium concentrations are corrected for decay from the vintage year to the sampling year (from Larson et al. 2000; Figure 11-4).
The Livermore wines do appear to be higher in tritium content than the other California wines tested. The European wines appear to be intermediate. The sampled wines from elsewhere in California had concentrations less than those from Europe. Grapes grown in the Livermore valley do appear to contain some tritium released from LLNL. Overall, in locally produced wines the median concentrations of tritium over the last decade have been less than 10 Bq/L (less than 300 pCi/L).
The total of the measured releases in the 19-year period 1981 to 1999 was approximately 1.2 PBq (30 kCi), so approximately 2.8 PBq (80 kCi) would have been routinely released before this period. Hence, if the period over which releases occurred is taken as 46 years, then the average per year has been approximately 90 TBq, excluding the two incidents noted. The average per year over the last five years has been approximately 7.3 TBq. If these values indicate most of the released tritium, and indicate that the proportion of HTO and HT is approximately the same through the years, then the yearly exposures, very roughly, will have averaged about 12 times those from current releases. In addition, there will have been the exposures to the two major releases in 1965 and 1970.
The concentration of tritium as HTO in waters and vegetation in the public domain in the Livermore Valley currently appears to be generally less than 10 Bq/L (300 pCi/L), with median values in the range of 1 to 6 Bq/L.
4.3.1 Doses from intakes of tritiated water
For compliance purposes, LLNL is required to estimate doses from airborne tritium releases with the model and computer code (generally referred to as CAP88-PC, and described by Parks 1992) mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency. Three pathways are considered: (1) internal exposures from inhalation of air; (2) ingestion of food and drinking water; and (3) external exposure by irradiation from contaminated ground (zero from tritium). Doses are calculated separately for the Livermore site and Site 300, and also for point source (stack) emissions and diffuse emissions. Doses to three target populations have been emphasized: the dose to the site-wide maximally-exposed individual (who is the hypothetical member of the public at a single residence, school, business, or office who receives the greatest dose resulting from the combination of all radionuclide source emissions from LLNL); the maximum dose to any member of the public (assumed to be at the LLNL fence line); and the collective dose to populations residing within 80 km of the two LLNL sites.
All tritium released is taken to be in the form of HTO and estimates of doses depend on calculating the dispersion of airborne tritium from the site. The environmental-related parameters in the code, such as humidity, and characteristics of the diet, and person-related parameters, such as inhalation and ingestion rates, cannot be altered by the user of the code. An alternative approach (which was taken before the EPA code was required) is to base estimates of dose on actual measurements of contamination in the environment, with assumptions and parameters in the models taken from NRC Regulatory Guide 1.109 (USNRC, 1977). Generally, assumptions are still conservative; for example, in an individual's diet all the vegetables are contaminated with tritium at locally measured values and all meat and milk are from livestock that have been fed with food having the same concentration of tritium. The most recent annual report (Larson et al. 2000) discusses the relative conservatism inherent in them.
For 1999, the dose to the maximally exposed individual, estimated according to the EPA standard method, was 0.9 mSv (0.09 mrem) from point sources and 0.3 mSv (0.03 mrem) from diffuse sources for a total of 1.2 mSv (0.12 mrem). The alternative approach that relates doses more closely to environmental measurements yielded a dose from tritium through all pathways of less than 1 mSv (0.1 mrem). Annual doses to the hypothetical maximally-exposed individual from the ingestion of water, food and wine that was assumed to have the highest concentrations of tritium (as HTO), as measured in 1999 in the respective media, were estimated to be generally less than 1 mSv (0.1 mrem).
LLNL staff has examined the conservatism inherent in the atmospheric dispersion sub-model underlying the CAP88-PC code. Annual-average measured tritium concentrations in 1999 at 12 sampling locations were compared with those predicted by the model with tritium-release data and site-specific meteorological data. The conclusion was the modeling results tended to overestimate the measured tritium concentrations by as much as a factor of seven. There was an indication that there was an increasing overestimation by CAP88-PC with increasing distance so that where the public could be exposed, the overestimation could be greater. The furthest comparison point was about 2 km East-Northeast of the Livermore site. In a recent paper (Parks 1999), additional conservatisms in the model of the CAP-88-PC code, arising from the assumptions made about food consumption are discussed.
4.3.2 Doses from intakes of OBT
As noted above, estimations of doses from tritium that has been released from LLNL, as reported annually, have generally not included any explicit estimation of the contribution from exposures to tritium in the form of OBT. In the most recent annual report (Larson et al. 2000) the potential contribution of OBT is discussed briefly. Doses were estimated based on the measured concentration of water in vegetation collected from LLNL (at the Visitor's Center) and the dosimetric and diet assumptions in the NRC Regulatory Guide 1.109 (USNRC 1997). Without the OBT component, the annual doses from the consumption of vegetables, milk and meat were estimated to be 0.072, 0.063 and 0.073 mSv respectively. For an individual whose diet exclusively comprises vegetables, milk and meat at this level of contamination, the annual dose was estimated to be 0.21 mSv. When the OBT component is included, the doses increase to 0.083, 0.072, and 0.104 mSv (respectively) for an annual dose of 0.26 mSv. Estimations of doses from tritium released from LLNL, as reported annually, have generally not included any explicit estimation of the contribution from exposures to tritium in the form of OBT.
We can compare this with an estimate based on the considerations outlined in Section 2 of this report and applied in Section 3 to the tritium released from the Savannah River Site. We can take the concentration of tritium in the water in foods to be 10 Bq/kg (0.27 nCi/kg), which is the value that in the previous section we concluded was the high end of the range currently for waters and vegetation in the Livermore Valley. The specific activity of tritium will be 90 Bq/kg hydrogen (2.4 nCi/kg). If we assume that all the tritium in the moisture in a reference daily food intake of 1.6 kg has this specific activity and that the specific activity of the tritium is 1.2 times this - i.e., 108 Bq/kg hydrogen (2.9 nCi/kg), then, with a total daily hydrogen intake of 0.14 kg and 85% moisture in the food, the annual dose from food would be 0.11 mSv (11 mrem) with 36% coming from the OBT intake. This estimate of annual dose is similar to that in the above paragraph. Both approaches have entailed inherently conservative but different assumptions.
The ambient concentration of tritium in waters and vegetation in earlier years was an order of magnitude greater than currently (see Figures 4.3, 4.4, 4.5). It follows that annual doses from OBT in foods, estimated with the same assumptions as above could have been of the order of 1 mSv (0.1 mrem).
Clearly, based on the measurements of tritium in effluents and in environmental media and with the modeling and dosimetric assumptions detailed in the LLNL Annual Environmental Reports, the annual doses to the members of the local Livermore valley population from tritium are very low - less than 1 mSv (0.1 mrem). There are some conditions on this statement:
- There are no significant other sources of airborne tritium -- of a form that would not be collected by molecular sieve or silica gel samplers-- that could give a significant dose by inhalation or that could contaminate foodstuffs without appearing as HTO. That there would be such sources seems very unlikely.
- Any OBT formed in foodstuffs from the HTO and HT emissions is insufficient to cause the estimated doses from tritium to be underestimated, given the reasonably conservative assumptions that are made in the dose estimates. Although it is not known what the levels of OBT actually have been or are in foodstuffs there is good evidence that the ratio of specific activities of tritium in the water and organic components of food does not differ substantially from unity. Given the low ambient concentrations of tritium in moisture, the ratio of tritium as OBT to tritium as HTO would have to be more than 200 times greater than unity for the doses to approach regulatory limits.
As noted above, annual airborne emissions in the past, as reported, have averaged about 12 times the current five-year average value. If airborne emissions are taken as the dominant source of doses from tritium to the local population, then it would follow that average annual doses over the past years could have been greater in the same proportion. The conditions on this statement are as follows:
- The reported values for measured emissions in the past, when releases were much higher, are accurate. Early monitoring may not have been carried out with the same QA as is currently the case.
- The releases from Sandia National Laboratories, adjacent to the LLNL site, are accounted for via LLNL environmental measurements.
- The HT and HTO ratio in stack effluents has not changed greatly.
- The tritium in liquid releases in the early years did not result in large off-site doses.
- The unplanned releases of HT in 1965 and 1970 (350 kCi and 289 kCi, respectively) will have contributed to the doses for those years. For the 1970 release, Myers et al. (1973) estimated that the "maximum credible dose" to a child was 0.7 mSv.
There is a further uncertainty in that there have been only few validations of the atmospheric dispersion model used for estimating concentration of tritium in air more than 2 km from the site. The observation that the measured air concentrations at Zone 7 were below those predicted by the CAP88-PC modeling results during 1999 (LLNL 1999b) does not by itself provide confidence that the model will be similarly conservative or even consistent at all of the locations where the model is used to calculate off-site tritium doses.
In summary, the uncertainties in estimating the doses from tritium to the local population over the past years mainly rest with the accuracy with which early releases are known, and the actual OBT levels that might have been attained in vegetation. Measurements of tritium in sampled environmental media and biota provide assurance about the levels of contamination actually present but it would be helpful to tie this in with validation of the atmospheric dispersion modeling.
There is no evidence of any food item constituting a particular hazard because of a high OBT content relative to its HTO content. For precise estimates of dose, actual separate measurements of OBT and HTO would be needed. However, the extensive observations of the OBT/HTO specific activity ratios now reported in the general literature provide a good guide to values that can be taken for such ratios in environments chronically contaminated with tritium from HTO and HT emissions, as is the case in the Livermore Valley.
The implication for LLNL is that some measurements of OBT and HTO in locally produced foods would indicate whether conditions or biota were sufficiently different for the ratios of specific activities of tritium as OBT and HTO to be significantly greater than those observed elsewhere.
5 In Ci (approximately): 1999 (210, 70); 1998 (80, 25); 1997 (270,32); 1996 (180,32); 1995 (62,30)
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Hey everyone,
I'm pretty new when it comes to brewing tea that didn't start as a mass produced teabag. I've always enjoyed the ritual aspect of drinking certain things (I buy all the good absinthe I can get my hands on for this reason) and sort of on a whim bought a yixing teapot primarily based on looks from Teavana.
Having dug around I see tons of people have issues with that place and I'm guessing it's not a very authentic pot, but for $44 bucks I'm not overly concerned. Maybe I can use it to learn and then seek out a more authentic version.
Next comes maybe my next mistake? I bought their Maharaja Oolong Chai to use in the pot, and have used it twice now. Both times I haven't had all that much flavor in the tea compared to when I use my gravity tea pot at work. I've noticed that there doesn't seem to be much leaf tea even in the blend, so maybe I'm not using enough (tried 2 tsp for 16 ounces, and 3tsp the second time)?
Not really knowing anything about tea, should I not have used a blended Oolong for the pot? If not, does anyone have any tips to make the tea stronger in case I'm making it wrong? I basically heat the pot with boiling water, then I add new hot water and steep per the instructions on the tea. Should I switch to a different type of oolong now or just use this pot for the Maharaja?
I know that's a ton of questions and probably mistakes, but hey that's how ya learn Thanks for any info/advice!


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Fabulous Chic and Classy Wavy Blonde Hairstyle
One simple word for this updo hairstyle. FABULOUS! This beautiful young woman has her long hair styled into this classy updo hairstyle. At the top just over the forehead, the hair crisscrosses from side to side. The hair is then given height at the top with the hair at the back curled and over lapping each curl. Long hair is left out at the very back and has been curled to fall onto the front of the shoulder.The hair is cut long.The hair colour is a golden blonde.
Passion Beauty Upstyles & Weddings Volume 11 Photograph Courtesy of Passion Beauty Salon: Salon Vivace, California, Pennsylvania & Virginia Hairstylist: Elizabeth Paschall Haircolorist: Elizabeth Paschall Makeup: Elizabeth Paschall Photographer: Tom Carson


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Womens Black Geo Performance Leggings
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James River Coal Stock Getting Very Oversold
In the case of James River Coal Co, the RSI reading has hit 29.4 — by comparison, the universe of metals and mining stocks covered by Metals Channel currently has an average RSI of 41.3, the RSI of Spot Gold is at 34.3, and the RSI of Spot Silver is presently 34.0.
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A bullish investor could look at JRCC's 29.4 reading as a sign that the recent heavy selling is in the process of exhausting itself, and begin to look for entry point opportunities on the buy side.
Looking at a chart of one year performance (below), JRCC's low point in its 52 week range is $1.46 per share, with $5.89 as the 52 week high point — that compares with a last trade of $1.74. James River Coal Co shares are currently trading off about 4.4% on the day.