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Most Expensive Homes in Las Vegas
Map View > Most Expensive Homes in Las Vegas < Map View
Most Expensive Homes in Las Vegas
Map View > Most Expensive Homes in Las Vegas < Map View
Urban Nest Realty
HENDERSON/East Side: 2485 Village View Drive, Suite #190 (next to LIFETIME)
SUMMERLIN/West Side: 10220 W Charleston Blvd Suite #3 (between Town Center & Hualapai) CALL: 702-882-8240
lasvegasrealestate.org deems information reliable but not guaranteed. Las Vegas Real Estate.org fully supports the principles of the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968), which generally prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of dwellings, and in other housing-related transactions, based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and handicap (disability). Specializing in Las Vegas luxury homes including Las Vegas High Rise Condos | Henderson homes | Summerlin Homes for sale | Southern Highlands Homes for sale | Las Vegas Real Estate | Google Plus
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Last posted communities to facebook:
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Brandon Burke graduated with honors and distinction from the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry in May of 2008.
He now attends the Medical College of Virginia where he is pursuing a specialty certificate in orthodontics and a Masters of Science in Dentistry degree.
Brandon is the son of Steve and Joan Burke of Logan, formerly of Ferron. He is married to the former Darci Simkins of Price.
They are the parents of Shaydon, 5 and Graci Lee, 3. They recently welcomed to their family a new daughter, Emri Dean.

subset: commoncrawl


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Cheap Flights to Berlin, Germany
During World War II, much of Berlin was destroyed. However, walking around Berlin today, you would never guess; the city has really done a great job rebuilding itself. Berlin is a flourishing multicultural city filled with museums, cafes, nightclubs, art, palaces and historic sites. 135 million people visit Berlin each year, making it one of the most visited destinations in the European Union. Find out for yourself what draws all those tourists to Berlin by booking your flights to Berlin on Vayama.com. Berlin has relatively pleasant weather throughout the year, which means that it's always a good time to get flights to Berlin. Flights to Berlin are most popular during the summertime. If you're willing to put up with the cold, the least expensive time of year to get flights to Berlin is during the winter. However, keep in mind that many people get flights to Berlin during December in order to spend the holiday season in this beautiful German city. Shoppers will delight in Berlin's Kurfürstendamm, Tauentzienstraße and Friedrichstraße. If you're looking for a great bargain, make sure to check out the flea market at Straße des 17. Juni. When in Berlin, you absolutely must not miss out on famous Berlin foods like currywurst and pfannkuchen. Berlin is filled with museums; some of the best museums include Pergamon-Museum, Altes Museum, Alte Nationalgalerie, Bode-Museum, Neues Museum, Gemäldegalerie and Musikinstrumenten-Museum. Many artists make their homes in Berlin; to see their work, just stroll down Auguststraße, Linienstraße, Torstraße, Brunnenstraße, Zimmerstraße or Fasanenstraße, and visit the art galleries located on these streets. If you're looking for historically significant and architecturally stunning buildings, then check out churches like Berliner Dom, Marienkirche, Deutscher Dom, Nikolaikirche and St. Hedwigs Kathedrale. Berlin has not forgotten its past; visit the Topography of Terror, Berlin Wall and Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe to learn about World War II and the Cold War. Go to Vayama.com to book your flights to Berlin; you'll always find great deals on flights to Berlin on Vayama.com.
Transportation from Berlin
Berlin, the capital city of Germany is served by two international Airports: Tegel International Airport and Schonefeld International Airport. The Tegel International Airport is the main airport in the city and is located at about 9 kms from the city center. Various buses and taxis are provided from the airport to help passengers travel to the city. Car rental agencies such as Avis, Budget, Europcar and Sixt are located in the pavilion in front of terminal A to provide car rentals to passengers willing to travel on their own.
Why book with Vayama?
- Compare the best deals on 500+ airlines worldwide in one search
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- Rest assured that you will find the same itinerary for a lower price.
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Let the fun begin!
Booking a flight will take you minutes thanks to a comprehensive one page checkout process. Start the pre-trip fun now by finding and booking your cheap flight to Berlin on Vayama™!


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The Purple Sprush
- Overview
- Features
- Closer to the scalp precision highlighting
- Reduces application time
- Less overlap, resulting in up to 1/2 color savings
- Gentle on the scalp
- No residual contamination
- Fast and easy clean-up
- Immediate re-use
- Long lasting
- Foiling
- Re-touching
- Relaxers
- Facial hair
- Artistic
- Skincare/waxing
- Balayage/hair painting
- About the brand
Many hair color artists have been known to use a spatula rather than a bristle brush for highlighting close to the scalp, however, spatulas are naturally held sideways. After extensive research, it was found that no spatula brushes existed, and The Sprush was born.
Suggested Uses:
The Sprush is the ultimate tool for hair color application. This spatula shaped brush can be used for precision highlighting, skin care, waxing, retouching and more.
I Wish It Was 1/4 In. SmallerI bought this Sprush to use for a precise root touch up applications. Personally I wish the sprush was a quarter of an inch smaller in width. and maybe shorter in height would be better too.
The Sprush is easy to clean but did stain with color after a couple of uses. The tip of the Sprush is flexible.
The handle of the Sprush is not comfortable; it is more flat and not so organic feeling. a more rounded handle would be ideal.
The Purple sprush is not a good size for me to consider buying again so I am leaving this item with 3 stars.Jul 24, 2012James / Dearmiju-hair.tumblr.comHAIR TYPEPlatinum Blonde / Normal Hair / Chemically Treated Hair
Use this link to send this review via e-mail, Twitter, or to post to your blog.Close
This Sprush Is Amazing!I wish i had known about the SPRUSH Brush a long time ago, this is so awesome!It's perfect for highlighting and root touch ups..you can get so close to the newgrowth without overlapping and is so easy to use!The color gets saturated onto the hair better and no color is wasted in the bowl because this brush has an edge like a spatula!I love it and i am telling everyone about these Sprushes!:)Oct 3, 2011Kelly / TxHAIR TYPELight Brown / Chemically Treated Hair
Use this link to send this review via e-mail, Twitter, or to post to your blog.Close
Loving The Sprushi think this is a great relaxer applicator brush, it's a little on the smaller side but it still got the job done. i definitely recommend all sprushes! maybe i will buy another one someday.Feb 21, 2011ZoeHAIR TYPEDark Brown / Dry Hair / Thick or Coarse Hair / Relaxed Hair
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There will be no Air Force Thunderbird flyover at this year's United States Air Force Academy graduation. The long-standing tradition has been axed this year thanks to sequestration.
Because of the federal cuts active duty, reserve and guard units have put a stop to all aviation support to the public. That means no airshows, trade shows, flyovers, including funerals and graduations, open houses, F-22 demonstration flights, orientation flights and heritage flights. Additionally the Thunderbirds have cancelled their 2013 season effective April 1.
According to a press release issued by the Air Force, they are standing down aerial demonstration teams to save flying hours in order to support readiness needs. The Air Force is reducing flying hours by 18 percent which amounts to approximately 203,000 hours. All aerial support and military events are flown to no additional cost to taxpayers by using allotted training hours therefore the Air Force had no choice but to cancel support to the events.
"Engaging with the public is a core Air Force mission and communicating and connecting with the public is more important today than ever before. However, faced with deep budget cuts, we have no choice but to stop public aviation support," Brig. Gen. Les Kodlick, director of Air Force Public Affairs, said in the press release. "The Air Force will reevaluate the program at the end of the fiscal year and look for ways to curtail the program without having to cancel aviation support altogether."
Each year residents and visitors in the Pikes Peak Region look forward to the Thunderbirds flyover and their practice flights around the city a few days before the academy graduation. Many have parties and flock to parking lots just to watch.
Bonnie O'Neill, spokesperson for Colorado Mountain Brewery, said celebrations will go on at the brewery despite the cancellation of the Thunderbirds.
"There is still going to be a graduation. The air show is not going to affect us," O'Neill said.
O'Neill said they have already booked many parties for graduates and their families.


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By PATSY STODDARDEditor
The Emery County Business Chamber is busy planning their next Lunch and Learn meeting. It will be held on May 18 at the Museum of the San Rafael at noon. The featured speaker is Beverly Evans and the topic is economic development.
Beverly Evans and her late husband lived in Altamont, Utah where they ran a cattle operation. They are the parents of two children, Lorie who is a librarian in Roosevelt, and a son who is employed in the transportation industry in McKinney, Texas. She is the proud grandmother of four grandchildren which she adores. Professionally, she graduated with a Master's Degree in English and a School Administrative Endorsement from Utah State University. She taught school, was a school administrator at the Uintah Basin Applied Technology College and Utah State University Uintah Basin. Beverly served in the Utah State Legislature for 20 years; 12 in the House and eight in the Senate. Currently, she is working in Rural Development in the Governor's Office of Economic Development.
Also at the business lunch the ECBC will present plaques and welcomes to the new businesses that have recently opened their doors in the county and where ribbon cuttings have been held. These businesses include: PD Ace Hardware, Healing Hands, Enliven Within, Curts Barber Shop, Lacey's Salon, Aubrey's Salon, MH Auto Sales, JN Auto Sales and others. Tyler Jeffs is the ECBC president and he will welcome these new businesses.
The ECBC is organizing a membership drive and they would encourage all of the businesses in the county to join the ECBC to work together to encourage a thriving business climate in the county.
Tyler Jeffs is the president with Julie Jones as the vice president. Ann Jones is the treasurer and Jenene Hansen is the secretary. Jerry Stottler is the chairman and board members include: Keith Brady, Patsy Stoddard, Dallen Skelley and Taina Benson. Mike McCandless and Ethan Migliori are the board consultants and the county commissioners Laurie Pitchforth, Jeff Horrocks and James Nelson are advisory members.
The ECBC has held three luncheons so far, the first one was a kick-off event which featured Sen. David Hinkins and Price Mayor Joe Piccolo, both are excited for the ECBC to be a success.
The January meeting featured an economic development update by Mike McCandless and featured two local businesses Conductive Composites and Heritage Funeral Home.
Each of the meetings has spotlighted local business. The first meeting spotlighted Nielson Construction.
The third meeting in March spotlighted Jones Ace Hardware and Farm Bureau Financial.
The purpose of the ECBC is to promote and enhance the business climate and environment in Emery County. We plan to support local businesses and give them ideas, training and support to do business in Emery County.
Alan Christensen was the speaker for the March meeting he trained the attendees on how to incorporate social media into your business and benefit from it.
The luncheons are held every other month. The next one will be on May 18 and Bev Evans from the Governor's office of economic development will be the speaker.
Becoming an ECBC member will be a show of support for your community. It will give you the opportunity to join with other Emery County businesses in promoting Emery County and making this the best place to live and do business.
The ECBC sponsors a ribbon cutting for the opening of each new business in the county and also if an existing business expands, or remodels the ECBC will support and promote the business in its new venture.
The ECBC is involved now in a membership drive. Anyone and everyone is encouraged to become a member. You don't have to be a business owner to be a member. Private individual memberships are $25 per year. Those businesses who have jumped aboard and encourage you to do the same include: Tyler Jeffs/Farm Bureau Financial; Beehive Homes of Elmo; San Rafael Adventures-LaMar Guymon; The Forbidden Fruit-Darcey Powell; Brady Creativity and Robbers Roost motel-Keith Brady Green River; Community Nursing; Ferron City; Emery County Progress; Sun Advocate; Headquarters convenience store; Zions Bank; Eastern Utah Broadcasting; Gilly's in Ferron; Huntington City and Emery County Economic Development Council.
Membership forms and information about the May lunch and learn will be sent to all businesses in the county. Call the Emery County Progress at 381-2431 to reserve your spot for the May lunch and learn on May 18 at noon at the Museum of the San Rafael.


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Dietary supplement or meal replacement ensures balanced nutrition and fluid intake in senior, sick, or stressed dogs 3+ years of age. DogSure contains highly-digestible lactose-free milk proteins, amino acids, added vitamins, minerals, trace nutrients and ingredients that are the source of Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids.
Some older dogs, especially sick or recovering, have the tendency to eat and drink less, which puts them at risk for nutritional deficiencies. This rich and creamy, vanilla-flavored liquid supplement is readily eaten by dogs and ensures they get the nutrition they need.
Made with milk proteins, but contains no lactose for sensitive animals. Formulated to complement the regular diet, or for an occasional meal replacement.
Directions for Use: Shake can well for 60 seconds. Serve at room temperature or warm slightly. Cover and refrigerate after opening. Discard if not used within 72 hours. May be frozen in single serving size containers and then placed in airtight containers for freezer storage for up to six weeks.
Feeding Amount: Toy dogs (3-12 lbs): 2-4 ounces daily; Small dogs (13-25 lbs): 4-8 ounces daily; Medium dogs (26-50 lbs): 6-12 ounces daily; Large dogs (51-100 lbs): 16-24 ounces daily; Giant dogs (100+ lbs): 18-24 ounces daily.
11 fl. oz (325ml). NET WT. 12 OZ. (340g).
Please click on "More Information" for ingredients and analysis.


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We proudly ship to over 100 countries worldwide and are continually striving to increase that number. If your country is not listed, please email our friendly International sales staff for shipping options and transit times.
The shipping charge shown when the order is submitted is subject to change. If you combined items that must ship in separate boxes or cannot be shipped via the method selected, you will be notified via e-mail.
Online order email confirmations are sent within 24 hours. Please note that we may require additional information from you before we can process your order.
For international customer service, please contact us. We will be happy to assist
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: +805 543-5154
International Credit Card Verification
Please be aware that first time international customers may be required to go through a process known as Credit Card Charge Verification.
The Credit Card Verification (CCV) is a procedure to confirm that the authorized cardholder has made the order. This is an extra security measure to protect you, the cardholder, and us from credit card fraud. We realize that this will take a little more time but the protection it offers outweighs the inconvenience.
- An order confirmation will be sent telling if a CCV is being requested of you.
- A small charge is placed on the card being used (between $0.01 and $5.00).
- Contact your bank associated with the card by phone or online to get the exact charge.
- Contact us at (800) 366-3070 or (805) 543-5154 or firstname.lastname@example.com to confirm the amount of the charge. Reference your order number, name and the charge amount in the email (authorization code helpful as well).
- If confirmed, the amount charged will be deducted from your order total.
If you have questions on the above policy, please contact us.
Frequently Asked Ordering Questions
What can I order?
All items are available for ordering. Due to manufacturer restrictions, a limited number of products may only be available to ship to a US address. Those brands include Bauer, Easton, Mission, Warrior, Reebok, CCM and K2.
Below are two companies that can provide you with a USA based address. They will combine purchases from one or multiple locations and route to your location. Visit their respective sites to set up an account.
Are there Import Taxes or Duties?
There are no U.S. taxes; however, you will be responsible for any additional customs handling fees, duties and/or taxes. Because each country is different, and these fees change often, we do not know these fees. Your local post/customs office can give you this information.
What if I abandon or refuse my order?
If any international order is refused upon delivery for any reason, all customs & duty charges will be billed to you. Once a package enters your country these charges are not reversible whether the package is delivered to you or not. A credit will not be issues for orders that are abandoned or refused.
How can I order/pay?
You can order directly from our secure website online. An email confirmation will be sent within 24 hours. Please note that we may require additional information from you before we can process your order. You may pay with MasterCard, Visa, Discover, AMEX or PayPal. We also accept International Money Orders, Wire Fund Transfer and MoneyGram. Please contact us for details on Money Orders, Wire Fund Transfers and/or MoneyGram.
What if something doesn't fit or I change my mind?
You are welcome to return or exchange item(s) up to 365 days. The item(s) must be returned in the same condition received with original packaging and components. Clothing may not be worn or washed. Refunds would be for product cost only. All shipping fees and taxes incurred would be your responsibility.
What happens if I don't receive my package?
FedEx and UPS are the only methods of shipping that are covered by insurance that guarantees packages will be replaced if lost during transit. Priority Mail, World Mail, and Priority Mail Express International are not covered and will not be replaced or refunded if lost or stolen.
What if a warranty is needed?
Manufacturer warranties are void when shipping outside of the USA. You can however ship the item back for us to pursue a warranty on your behalf. All shipping fees and taxes incurred would be your responsibility. Refunds would be for product cost only when successful.
Shipping Options
World Mail
Available for packages weighing 2 pounds or less, are no bigger than a shoe box and have a value lower than $75 USD. Packages are delivered via the local postal system in the destination country and take 3-6 weeks for delivery. *This method offers no tracking information and is NOT insured by The Warehouse if lost or damaged.
Priority Mail Express International
Deliveries take 7-10 days. Priority Mail Express International offers a tracking system through the United States Postal Service web site www.usps.com. Larger items such as wheeled hockey bags and leg pads are prohibited. We must ship via FedEx or UPS in such instances.
UPS Worldwide Express
Deliveries are guaranteed in 2-4 business days. UPS offers a comprehensive tracking system via their website at www.ups.com
FedEx International Economy
Deliveries take 3-7 business days. FedEx offers a comprehensive tracking system via their website www.fedex.com.
FedEx International Priority
Deliveries are guaranteed in 2-4 business days. FedEx offers a comprehensive tracking system via their website www.fedex.com.
FedEx Surcharge Information: An Extended Area Surcharge of $20 per shipment or $0.20 per pound, whichever is greater, applies to shipments to specific International destinations. A listing of applicable destinations is available at www.fedex.com.
Country List
- AL: Albania
- DZ: Algeria
- AD: Andorra
- AR: Argentina
- AM: Armenia
- AW: Aruba
- AU: Australia
- AT: Austria
- AZ: Azerbaijan
- BS: Bahamas
- BH: Bahrain
- BD: Bangladesh
- BB: Barbados
- BY: Belarus
- BL: Belgium
- BZ: Belize
- BM: Bermuda
- BO: Bolivia
- BA: Bosnia
- BW: Botswana
- BR: Brazil
- VG: British Virgin Islands
- BN: Brunei
- BG: Bulgaria
- CA: Canada
- KY: Cayman Islands
- TD: Chad
- CL: Chile
- CN: China
- CO: Colombia
- CK: Cook Islands
- CR: Costa Rica
- HR: Croatia
- CY: Cyprus
- CZ: Czech Republic
- DK: Denmark
- DO: Dominican Republic
- EC: Ecuador
- EG: Egypt
- SV: El Salvador
- ET: Ethiopia
- FJ: Fiji
- FI: Finland
- FR: France
- GM: Gambia
- DE: Germany
- GH: Ghana
- GR: Greece
- GL: Greenland
- GP: Guadeloupe
- GU: Guam
- GT: Guatemala
- HN: Honduras
- HK: Hong Kong
- HU: Hungary
- IS: Iceland
- IN: India
- ID: Indonesia
- IE: Ireland
- IL: Israel
- IT: Italy
- JM: Jamaica
- JP: Japan
- JO: Jordan
- KZ: Kazakhstan
- KE: Kenya
- KR: Korea
- KW: Kuwait
- LV: Latvia
- LB: Lebanon
- LI: Liechtenstein
- LT: Lithuania
- LU: Luxemburg
- MY: Malaysia
- MQ: Martinique
- MX: Mexico
- FM: Micronesia
- MD: Moldova
- MC: Monaco
- MA: Morocco
- MZ: Mozambique
- NP: Nepal
- NL: Netherlands
- NC: New Caledonia
- NZ: New Zealand
- NO: Norway
- OM: Oman
- PK: Pakistan
- PA: Panama
- PG: Papua New Guinea
- PY: Paraguay
- PE: Peru
- PH: Philippines
- PL: Poland
- PT: Portugal
- PR: Puerto Rico
- QA: Qatar
- RO: Romania
- RU: Russia
- MP: Saipan
- SA: Saudi Arabia
- GB: Scotland
- SG: Singapore
- SI: Slovenia
- ZA: South Africa
- ES: Spain
- KN: St. Kitts
- LC: St. Lucia
- SE: Sweden
- CH: Switzerland
- PF: Tahiti
- TW: Taiwan
- TH: Thailand
- TT: Trinidad and Tobago
- TR: Turkey
- UA: Ukraine
- AE: United Arab Emirates
- UK: United Kingdom
- UY: Uruguay
- VE: Venezuela
- VN: Vietnam
- YE: Yemen


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Lessard and Martin drop two round robin matches on beach volleyball World Tour
STAVANGER, Norway - Marie-Andrée Lessard of Ville LaSalle, Que., and Annie Martin of Sherbrooke, Que., lost their opening two round robin matches on Wednesday at the seventh stop on the beach volleyball World Tour circuit.
The tournament is also the second Grand Slam event of the year with prize money nearly doubled to $600,000 for the men and women.
Lessard and Martin, seeded 22nd, lost their opening match 21-17, 21-18 to number-11 Doris Schwaiger and Stefanie Schwaiger of Austria then fell to sixth-seeds Chen Xue and Xi Zhang of China 21-14, 21-18.
The Chinese pair lead the pool with a 2-0 record while the Austrians and Gioria Daniela and Giulia Momoli of Italy are 1-1. The Canadians face the Italians on Thursday and are in a must win situation to have an opportunity to advance to the playoff round.
In men's qualifying Christian Redmann and Richard Van Huizen of Toronto lost their opening match to Jose Pedrosa and Hugo Gaspar of Portugal 22-20, 22-20.


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Office of Aboriginal Initiatives
BRANTFORD: THREADworks
Feb 4/14
Date: Feb 4/14
Time: 15:30 - 17:00
Location: Aboriginal Student House, 111 Darling Street
Cost: FREE
Have you ever been interested in learning how to knit? Come on out to our THREADworks event. All supplies are provided and there is someone on site if you have any questions or need help. Come on out and enjoy in the fun.
Page Link: http://www.facebook.com/wlu.aboriginal.brantford
Contact: Bonnie Whitlow
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 5197568228 ext. 5884
View all WLU events


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From first-class graduates to patent holders and PhDs, a diverse and talented pool of people are ready to challenge your thinking and help you realize your ideas.
We have thousands of employees located around the world. That's a lot of people and a lot of languages – and it makes for a culturally rich working environment.
We know your ideas and talents extend beyond your day job. That's why we've got the platforms in place for you to express them. Share an idea, write an article or initiate a brainstorming session.
It's become a tradition to have regular company get-togethers over a few casual drinks – and a great way to network and develop ideas with colleagues.
We empower over 17 million microbusinesses and consumers annually with affordable, professional options to make an impression.
We're fulfilling an average of over 75,000 orders per day globally – that's a lot of packages and a lot of happy customers!
Since 2001, we've expanded at a remarkable rate, increasing revenue from $6 million to over $1 billion in 2012!
Growth brings opportunity to our employees, value to our shareholders, and represents our ability to deliver greater value to our customers.
"There's nothing more rewarding than stumbling upon one of my designs when I'm out around town. Knowing I was a part of building someone's business is a feeling that just never gets old."
"I enjoyed setting up the finance organizations in our Venlo plant and other European locations. They are dynamite teams and, after more than seven years, I still enjoy working for this great company."
"I worked on a project to split our business and home & family products on the home page. Our revenues rose by six figures."
"It's been exciting working in the Tunis office. In the two years I've been here, we've about quadrupled our team. Everyone's engaged and so proud to be part of the Vistaprint family."
"I've met more people from around the world this year than I have in my life. I work with Barcelona daily.Whether it's video conferencing or quick phone calls, I'm in constant contact with them."
"In my team there are people from the UK, Spain, Italy, Germany and America. This diversity runs through the whole business. It challenges people's thinking and drives positive change."
"It is motivating to use technology to solve concrete business problems. I love what I do here."
"I am not limited to the tasks I have to do within my specific role; I am also able to show my strengths and interests in other fields and projects."
"I've had the opportunity to work in four distinctly different roles during my tenure at Vistaprint. I feel like the company is investing in me for the long-haul."
"The team spirit at DSS Berlin is great! It is fun to work in an international team with colleagues from different European countries."
"I like to be part of a fast growing company. My performance is appreciated and I was quickly promoted."
" Vistaprint gives me the opportunity to learn a lot and to be creative. It never gets boring!"
Knowing its reputation for engineering excellence, we chose Switzerland as the location of our manufacturing and supply chain development facility -- where we hire some of the best engineering talent in the world.
In Winterthur, exceptionally talented engineers focus on building our competitive advantage in automation, manufacturing, facilities design, supply chain, software development, new product design and many more areas.
With modern offices centrally located close to Zurich, this location offers more than a stimulating work life. Your playground will include great lakes, the Alps and a cosmopolitan city that's been voted one of the world's best places to live.
Roll over a square to discover more
People are Talking...
● ○ ○ ○
Get an inside look at what it's really like to work here.


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The Cleveland/Elmo Youth Town Councils will sponsor this years Easter Egg Hunt on April 4 at noon. All preschool and elementary age children are welcomed to meet in front of the Cleveland Town Hall. So bring your baskets and don't miss the fun in Cleveland. It's fun, it's free and everbody gets a prize. Don't be late, we start promptly at noon. For more information call the Town Hall at 653-2310.
Men and Women softball team registrations are in progress. Register your team before May 19 at the Emery County Recreation Center. Mens league will begin May 26. Womens league will begin may 27. Call Emery County Recreation at 381-2108 for more information.
Emery Center: exercise-Monday-Friday 8-9:30 a.m.; lunch-every Wednesday; Bingo-March 4; shopping bus-March 11; blood pressure-March 18; band-March 25, Hearing aid check March 18.
Blood pressure-March 3 and17; lunch/Bingo-every Wednesday; line dancing-every Thursday-10 a.m.; DUP-March 9; art class-every Tuesday-3 p.m.; Phase 10 games-every Tthursday-noon; Rook Club-every Thursday 1:30 p.m.; craft day-every Friday 9 a.m.; shopping bus-Friday-call for reservations.
Blood pressure March 9 and 23; lunch/Bingo-every Monday; line dancing-March 10-1:30 p.m.; excercise-Monday-Friday-6:30 a.m.; Shopping bus-Friday-call for reservations.
Blood pressure March 2 an 16; lunch-Monday/Tuesday; excercise-every Thursday-1 p.m.
Nurse clinic-March 4; Bingo March 18; lunch-Tuesday/Wednesday; ceramics and/or shopping;c all for dates.
Volunteers of America Utah, RSVP, and FGP is sponsoring another walk for seniors in our county.The kick off party for Emery County west, March 17 and 18 from 10 a.m.-4 p.m. at the RSVP office in Castle Dale. For Green River, the kick off party will be March 24, 11 a.m.-1 p.m. at the Senior Center, 1:30 p.m.-3 p.m. at the Community Center. If you don't have a pedometer they will have them at the "kick off" parties. It is 5,548 miles to Moscow. For more information call Betty: 435-381-2765, cell 435-609-1254. Gerry: 435-381-2765. RSVP office: 52 West main, Castle Dale.
March 18 at 6:30 p.m. in the Spartan Center. $3 per person. Children 5 and under free.
Adult ballroom dance classes will begin March 26 and run for eight weeks. Classes will be from 6-8 p.m. at the Emery County Recreation Center, 75 South 400 East, Castle Dale. Jaley Stilson is the instructor. The cost is $40 for a single, $65 for a couple, and if you want only one or two classes, the cost will be $7 per person per class. Ages 14 and up are welcome. Must register at the Recreation Center before March 23.
A class which teaches self sufficiency and using home food storage is being taught at the Courthouse in Castle Dale on March 13 and April 17 at noon. Everyone is welcome to attend and bring a pot luck dish.
March 12, 9 a.m.-6 p.m. at recreation center in Castle Dale or online registration @ emerycounty.com/rec. Ages 13-15, cost: $65. Any questions, contact Mark Tanner 748-5522
The annual preparedness awareness fair is to be held at the events center at the Carbon County fairgrounds in Price. It is on March 26 from 4-7 p.m. Everyone welcome to come and get free information on how to better prepare for an emergency or disaster.
The American Legion Spring Convention will be held March 28 at the Huntington Senior Center at 11 a.m. The National Auxiliary President will be the special guest speaker. This convention is for all members. A luncheon will be served at a cost of $8. RSVP to Carolyn Randall at P.O. Box 164, Elmo, UT 84521 or Jenny Olson at P.O. Box 1354, Huntington, UT 84528.
There will be a two day baseball camp at the Huntington Complex from 11 a.m.-3 p.m. on March 27 and from 9 a.m.-1 p.m. on March 28. The cost for the camp is $65 or if you can only attend one day the cost is $35. If you would like your child to have some one on one time with an instructor, (which will start right after the camp) the cost is $25 for a half hour. They can learn hitting, catching, pitching, in-fielding or outfielding. Boys and girls age 8 and up are encouraged to attend. Lunch will be provided. Contact Shaun or Kris Bell, 748-2906 or 749-2239.
For information about Huntington Little League baseball sign-ups please contact 687-2747.
It is now time to sign up your team for this years Emery County Relay for Life Cancer walk. It will take place on June 12-13 at the Emery High School track. Their next meeting will be held on March 26. They will later post where the meeting will be held. If you sign up your team by March15 the registration fee will be $50. After this date, the registration will be $100 for a team. To sign up your team contact Judi Bishop at 653-2221.
A youth dance will be held in Ferron at the fairgrounds building on March 21 from 7-10 p.m. It is for youth ages 12-18 and a student ID is required. Admission is $2 and there will be free pop. DJ is Willie Frisbie.
Come and join the youth swim team. All youth up to 18 years old are welcome, but should be able to swim one length of the pool. All abilities are welcome, great practice if you're interested in the high school swim team. Practices will be Saturdays until school is out and then for a few weeks during the summer. First practice is March 14. Registration is March 11 at Emery Recreation Center from 4-6 p.m. Registration is $30. Online registration can be done at www.emerycounty.com/rec. For more information contact Tammy Oliverson at 435-381-5393.
Sign ups for Emery County girls softball will be held: in Elmo, March 10 from 6-8 p.m. at town hall; in Cleveland on March 10-11 from 4-6 p.m. at town hall; in Huntington on March 11 from 5-7:30 p.m. at town hall; Castle Dale on March 10 from 4-6 p.m. at Emery Recreation center; Orangeville on March 11 from 4-6 p.m. at Cottonwood Elementary; and in Ferron on March 11 from 4-6 p.m. at city hall. The cost is $35 and for more information contact Cassie Lake at 749-0682.
March 10 and 12 4-6 p.m. Cleveland and Elmo - Old Cleveland Town Hall; Huntington - Huntington Elementary; Castle Dale - Recreation Center; Orangeville - Orangeville Library; Ferron - City Hall. At large sign up in Castle Dale at the Recreation Center; Major (birthdates May 1, 1996 - April 30, 1998) and Minor (birthdates May 1, 1998 - April 30, 2000) sign up cost - $45. Rookie (birthdates May 1, 2000 - April 30, 2002) sign up cost - $35. Play begins March 31.
Millsite Golf Course will open for the season on March 14. For more information call 384-2887.
Benjamin and Sharlene Heward have created "Humanitarian Guyana" to help the many thousands in need in Guyana South America. They need to raise an additional $10,000 for this Humanitarian Rescue Trip; scheduled for June 2009. Charitable donations represent the primary source of funding for the organization. Mail donations to: PO Box 1390, Orem, UT 84059-1390 or donate at any Mountain America Credit Union, into the "Humanitarian Guyana" account.
A newly established AA meeting will be held every Monday night from 7-8 p.m. at the Huntington Senior Center, 176 West 100 North.
Desert Edge Christian Chapel in Huntington is hosting a new website, www.desertedgecc.com. Information about services, current events, comments, prayer requests, sermons and Bible studies times are available on line.
Evening adult art classes with Michael Royall, Emery High art teacher. Painting and ceramics classes will begin March 10 for ceramics and March 11 for painting. Classes meet weekly for two hours: 7-9 p.m. and will last for eight weeks. Sign up for one or both. Pre-pay tuition at Emery High School office 435-381-2689. $80 for each class (materials are included.) Tuition must be paid before the start of class. Bring your creativity and have some fun. Hurry class sizes are limited.
The Emery County Community Theatre presents the musical "Nunsense", a musical comedy by Dan Goggin. This hilarious play is sure to bring delight to the teen and older audience. It will be presented March 12, 13, and 14 at 7 p.m. at the Emery High School auditorium. There will also be a matinee performance on March 14 at 1 p.m. Tickets are $5 per person. Don't miss it.
A St Patricks Day dance featuring "Music of the Heart" will be held on March 13 from 7-9:30 p.m. at the Price senior Center.
The Miss Emery pageant will be held on July 11. Contestants from ages 17-24 are welcome to try out. $1,200 scholarship to the winner and a new computer. Call 381-2431 to sign-up.


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3 Zen Cart Templates and counting!
Flower Zen Cart 1.5 Templates
Do you have a flower shop, are you considering bringing that flower shop on-line? Perhaps you simply like flowers and want to start a new hobby. In any event, if you're into flowers and are thinking about a website, you should consider one of these flower zen cart templates as a place to get a root hold. These templates are perfect for showcasing floral arrangements, vases, flower baskets, greeting cards, and more. Zen Cart 1.5 is an open source online store management system that you can use to easily run your own online store. Our flower Zen Cart templates provide you with the simplest solution in setting up your own e-commerce store. Features are very similiar to that of osCommerce including an ad banner controller, shipping options, multiple payment options, newsletter manager, discount coupons, gift certificates, featured products, quantity discounts, and phpBB integration through an external module. All of the files are included with your purchase for easy installation and customization. To use our Zen Cart templates you should make sure your webhost allows you to use PHP and MySQL. The templates in this section run specifically on Zen Cart version 1.5.
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Previous Exhibits
Ray Hunold, Freelance Photographer:
Storytellers and Nature Photography
Previously on exhibit in the Special Collections Exhibit Cases.
Now available as a Web Exhibit
Freelance photographer Ray Hunold (1933- ) donated his extensive photographic archives of over 150,000 images to Special Collections in the University Library in 2004. This exhibit provides an overview of Hunold's life and work as a photographer of storytellers and as a nature photographer.
As the official photographer of the Sierra Storytelling Festival (Nevada City, California) and other festivals, such as the National Festival of Storytelling (Jonesboro, Tennessee), Hunold photographed storytellers in action from 1988 through 2001. The only known archives of storytelling photographs on the west coast, the Ray Hunold Collection documents the revival of storytelling in the United States as an art form. Exhibited are portraits of storytellers at work, programs from storytelling festivals, and children's books written by some of the tellers. Accompanying the photographs are quotes from photographer Ray Hunold describing how he goes about his work as a storyteller photographer.
As a nature photographer and author of nature and travel articles from the 1950s to the present, Hunold's work has appeared in hundreds of newspaper articles and magazines including the New York Times, San Francisco Examiner, Audubon Magazine, National Wildlife, and Modern Maturity, as well as many textbooks. Traveling extensively with his wife Bernice, Hunold explored throughout North America and Europe gathering images of national and state parks, historic sites, and street scenes. The exhibit contains examples of this work, as well as Hunold's computer generated artistic approaches to his subjects.
Brenda Wong AokiTALES Storytelling Festival, March 1989
Canada goose, Buttertubs Marsh Wildlife Refuge, Vancouver Island, Canada, 1990


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Geena Davis Gossip
Geena Davis gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Geena & Susan: on women in film, and Brad too
June 8, 2011 10:47:00 Posted at June 8, 2011 10:47:00
Thelma & Louise were in Toronto last night to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the film at an event in support of the Women's College Hospital Foundation. I wish I could have been there. Did you go? Did you love it? They talked about the experience of making the movie, the reaction of people to the movie, and its legacy, if there is one. Full Story


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McAninch Honored by American College of Surgeons
On September 30, the American College of Surgeons honored AUA past president Jack W. McAninch, MD, FACS, with its 2012 Distinguished Service Award.
Coding Corner:
New Botox Code and New ICD-10 Deadline
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) recently granted ultrasound practice accreditation in urology to Smith Institute for Urology in New Hyde Park, New York. This is the first practice to receive accreditation in the practice of urology from the AIUM. Ultrasound practice accreditation is a voluntary peer review process that allows practices to demonstrate that they meet or exceed nationally recognized standards in the performance and interpretation of diagnostic ultrasound examinations. The accreditation process encourages providers of diagnostic ultrasound services to assess their strengths and weaknesses and initiate changes to improve their practices.
Director of Ultrasound for the practice, Bruce R. Gilbert, MD, PhD, stated "As our practice grew, we greatly increased the number of physicians, sonographers, and locations at which ultrasound studies were being performed. This engendered the need for a uniform protocol for ultrasound studies to assure consistent quality. The AIUM Accreditation process helped organize our approach and markedly improve the quality of our process. "
As your practice gears up for another busy year in 2013, it is important to stay current on key coding issues. There are a number of things that your practice can do to prepare for the upcoming year.
Update Coding Books: Be sure to order the latest editions of the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®), International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Healthcare Common Procedural Coding Systems (HCPCS) books. Using outdated books can lead to unnecessary denials or delayed reimbursement. Purchasing new books each year can be costly but the return on investment from accurate coding and timely payment is worth it.
The AUA and the American Association of Clinical Urologists (AACU) announced the establishment of a new agreement for UROPAC, the only political action committee (PAC) dedicated to the interests of the nation's urologists. This new memorandum serves to enhance the joint ownership of the PAC by the AACU and the AUA, and establishes a new seven-member Board, which includes equal representation from both the AACU and the AUA, as well as the Large Urology Group Practice Association (LUGPA). Under the agreement, each organization will have two representatives, with the UROPAC Chair being appointed by the AACU.
The new UROPAC Board will be chaired by Dr. Gary Kirsh, who is joined by three other officers: Vice Chair Dr. Jim Ulchaker (AUA), Secretary Dr. David Green (AUA) and Treasurer Dr. Arthur Tarantino (AACU). Rounding out the Board are Dr. Jeff Frankel (AACU), Dr. Deepak Kapoor (LUGPA) and Dr. Peter Knapp (LUGPA).
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|Posted by brianNliz on February 26, 2003 at 22:01:47:
We need to install a new toilet in our upstaris bathroom as the old toliet is beyond repair. Unfortunetly I've been informed by the last member of the family to work on this bathroom that there is NO closet flange underneath this toliet. (What there is, I don't know-I haven't been able to get the fitting removed to take it up-the nuts are petrified to the threads and what's left of the gaskets-I sense destruction of ceramic in my near future...) So I need to know: is installing a closet flange (in a very old house on the 2d floor) where the wasn't one a DIY project? I realize this will depend on what I find when I remove the old toliet but I'd like to know if I should look into doing it myself or just call a plumber and save myself the trouble. (If is is decreed DYI I'll be back to ask the best way to go about it. :) ) Thanks!
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People need art.
That's why the Mulvane partners with area schools and agencies, reaching out to give children the creative skills and artistic knowledge to become their very best.
More schools are applying to participate than ever before. The reasons are simple:
The numbers tell the story. During the six months from August 2009 to January 2010:
Read on for more about these fantastic outreach programs, or find out how you can support programs like these.
Art After School
Art After School brings art to after-school sites, where kids have the time and freedom to get creative.
Read more
Art Beginning in Childhood
Art Beginning in Childhood sends teachers to preschool classrooms, where kids get their first brush with the arts.
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Teacher Resources
Give the kids in your life a jump-start with these free, art-filled (and downright fun) resources.
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Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, 4-H, and home-school groups are all about helping kids shine. And that just happens to be one of our favorite pastimes at the Mulvane.
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Adult and Family Programs
Free and plenty of fun for everyone, Family and Community Days feature special activities that echo the artwork on display in the galleries.
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Mizuno Canada signs four-year partnership with Volleyball Canada
Sponsorship focuses on Canada's National Teams and massive teenaged grass roots volleyball events
Ottawa, ON – Volleyball Canada (VC) announces that it has finalized a four-year partnership with international sporting goods company Mizuno Canada.
The agreement will focus on the indoor volleyball programs and events organized by Volleyball Canada including the Men's and Women's National teams preparing for the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games and VC's Canadian Open Championships.
VC's Executive Director, Mark Eckert says "The value of partnering with a company like Mizuno Canada, with long history in our sport and a leader in the footwear industry, makes it an ideal relationship. We look forward to seeing our teams showcasing their shoes and apparel at the 2016 Olympics in Rio, Brazil."
Mizuno's President John Stacey says "Mizuno Canada is excited to continue its partnership with Volleyball Canada to supply our Canadian National Indoor Volleyball teams with Mizuno products for the next four years through the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio. The agreement will ensure the best developing Canadian volleyball players will be able to focus on their skills and count on Mizuno's support in providing quality footwear and clothing. Volleyball Canada is a great partner who is committed to growing the sport of Volleyball in Canada."
The new four-year agreement is made up of cash, footwear, apparel and a retail licensing program.
As an official Volleyball Canada sponsor, Mizuno Canada has the rights to develop and distribute sport footwear, apparel and accessories carrying the Volleyball Canada logo. In addition, the deal with Volleyball Canada also includes rights for Mizuno Canada to operate retail vending stands and kiosks at VC's Canadian Open Championships.


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Boards of education and superintendents often find the task of terminating employees to be complicated. No other responsibility seems fraught with the same number of legal issues and the same potential for exposure to litigation. In considering whether to terminate an employee, the superintendent and board must consider a number of questions? Is the employee an "at will" employee or one under contract for a definite term? If the employee is under contract and will not be rehired, does the employee have "tenure" rights? Is the employee likely to claim a violation of some federally protected right? Are there board policies in place which affect how termination decisions are made? Before any of these questions can be answered, of course, a thorough understanding of Georgia's Fair Dismissal Act is necessary. This Chapter attempts to provide a guide to the procedural and substantive requirements of the Act. In so doing, it will discuss at some length how teachers in Georgia acquire what has become known as tenure.
No term in school law seems to be more misunderstood or is more controversial than "tenure." In fact, for over 20 years, the General Assembly studiously avoided the use of the word tenure when proscribing under what circumstances professional educators have the right to challenge a decision not to re-employ them for another school year. Tenure as it exists in Georgia is a statutory right of certain teachers and administrators who have served under contract with the same board of education for a specified number of years to expect that their employment with a school district will continue from year to year unless the school district has specific legal grounds not to rehire them for the following school year and provides them a process to challenge the existence of those grounds. Tenure is not, by any means, a right to a job; it is a right to a process if the school system proposes not to rehire a teacher with tenure rights. Unlike post-secondary education, tenure is not awarded by vote of a committee or by the decision of some administrator. Tenure status is acquired when a teacher has been offered and has accepted the requisite number of consecutive contracts with the same school district.
In 1995, the General Assembly determined that new administrators would not be permitted to acquire tenure in leadership positions, although those who had acquired tenure would be able to retain its protection under certain conditions. The A+ Education Reform Act of 2000 included a provision prohibiting individuals who first become teachers after July 1, 2000 from acquiring tenure rights, but those rights were restored by the General Assembly three years later. The commonly held opinion that tenure is a bar to terminating incompetent employees is simply not true. Competent documentation of ineffective performance coupled with a commitment from the board and administrative staff to rid the system of employees who cannot or will not be effective is all that is required legally to support such a decision in Georgia.
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Debate on the Nature of "Church" and Catholicism
Dave Armstrong vs. Dr. Eric Svendsen (email@example.com)
The following series of dialogues took place on Dr. James White's Sola Scriptura discussion list, between 27 May and 5 July 1996. Dr. Svendsen's words will be in blue.
Dr. Eric Svendsen received a Doctor of Theological Studies in Apologetics degree from Columbia Evangelical Seminary, and is the author of Evangelical Answers: A Critique of Current Roman Catholic Apologetics. He co-founded and is co-director of the New Testament Restoration Ministries.
I didn't say we need no earthly authorities. Clearly we do, and the NT bears that out.
Good. This would be progress for many Protestants who have anarchical beliefs. Do you have a bishop, then, by the way? If not, why (it's certainly biblical)?
But it doesn't teach anything about Rome's authority, nor a pope's authority, nor apostolic succession.
Not Rome - that comes immediately after the NT period, but is directly apostolic, since Peter and Paul both ended up there and were martyred there - surely not for no reason, in God's Providence. I have my Peter and the Pope: 50 NT Proofs paper, if you're interested (privately, of course). NT has "nothing" about the pope, huh? Shows how profound the gap is between us. Very sad. I've shown how apostolic succession is biblical, too, in my The Church: the Catholic and Biblical View. But apostolic succession also flows from simple common sense and a respect for maintaining all Christian truth undefiled.
My point was that it is a non-sequitur to jump from "the NT teaches ecclesial authority" to "that ecclesial authority must be singular, must be Rome, and must be the pope."
It is not singular, strictly speaking, because it encompasses bishops and councils as well. The pope often acts formally in concert with them (or, at the very least, consults them in every major pronouncement he makes. The "Rome" factor is apostolic, and was present from the beginning (e.g., St. Clement of Rome's letters). The papacy is grounded in Peter's extraordinary prerogatives, granted him by Christ,as shown in my paper.
We are not a denomination, but the original New Testament Church.
Many assumptions cloud your perspective: (1) you assume the church is a "visible" organization (a "shell" as it were--which is in contradiction even with your catechism!).
It is visible, but more than that. We hold to the Mystical Body also (which is how we can include you guys, since you deny visibility). I prove visibility in my paper on the Church. Not sure why you use the description "shell," nor how you think this contradicts the CATECHISM, which speaks of visibility in, e.g., #815, under the category "The Church is One."
(2) that apostolic succession is a fact (this has not been demonstrated--and probably is not appropriate here);
It is a fact, and has been demonstrated. You guys must deny the fact because you have removed this proof from your ecclesiology and principle of authority. But the fact remains nonetheless. We have the continuity from the Apostles, whereas you have forsaken that by ditching wholesale all the doctrines which Luther and the so-called "Reformers" found personally distasteful, or "unbiblical," or, in some cases, even politically or morally inexpedient.
(3)that the current Catholic church is the same as the historic catholic church (it is not).
It certainly is. Here, you reveal that you misunderstand development of doctrine (as virtually all Protestants do). You confuse outward appearance with continuous doctrinal essence. This very factor is what made me a Catholic. Once I understood it, my fight was over, as I had no logical, consistent counter-reply. The Protestant has only two choices in this regard, in my opinion. He can either ignore Church history, and what it teaches us (the usual course of action) - or (related) can distort it and engage in dishonest revisionism for polemical purposes, as Dave Hunt and many other anti-Catholics do, or, he can face up to historical realities and apostolic succession and become a Catholic. As John Henry Newman says, "To be deep in history is to cease to be a Protestant." Is it any wonder, then, that so many Protestants are abysmally ignorant of Church history? Studying it only creates problems for them, so why start? Ignorance is bliss . . . :-) <----said half tongue-in-cheek
I'm happy to renounce much of what happened in the Inquisitions, Crusades, etc. Why can't you guys renounce your sinful sectarianism, as many Protestants have in fact done?
Who doesn't admit it? The difference, of course, is that FALLIBLE institutions are allowed to err--infallible ones aren't. :)
All kinds of people don't admit it, by pretending that they have unity "in the essentials," when in fact there is very little of that: And if there were, why not start uniting the denominations if there is so much "agreement," once having admitted that division is sinful? As it is, usually only the liberals do that, because they all agree in ditching fundamental tenets of faith, and in their indifferentism. You can't have it both ways.
The Crusades and the Inquisition (where they did stray) were instances of moral failure, not doctrinal, thus having nothing to do with infallibility, as defined by the Catholic Church (e.g., in 1870 at Vatican I). If you're going to bash us, at least use the appropriate club! :-) In any event, Protestants, in my opinion, are far more guilty of religious persecution and intolerance, especially in light of their otensible first premises of freedom of conscience, etc.
I've not yet heard an answer as to my query of what is the true, best Protestant faith (i.e., what is true Christianity, with no error mixed in)? Care (and dare) to take me up on that one? Again, if you can't even tell the man on the street what true Christianity is, what good is that view? It is a disgrace, and a disrespect for God's truth, I say. At least have the courage of your convictions. I am being obnoxious, but heaven knows all the flak the Catholic Church takes, most of it unjustified. So I return the favor, with all due respect.
One of the reasons why we cannot view Romanism as the true church is because, while we Protestants may not ultimately agree on what every passage of Scripture means, we do know what it cannot mean. Hence, while we may disagree on whether Christ is merely represented, spiritually present, or consubstantiated with the bread and wine, we all agree that He is not transubstantiated (how's that for Protestant unity? :).
A pity indeed. I've been saying this for years. About all that Protestants can agree on is that the Catholic Church is wrong! Even then, you must split into at least two camps, which regard us as 1) an aberrant form of Christianity, but still within the fold (e.g., Walter Martin, Colson, Geisler, J.I. Packer, Billy Graham) or 2) the Whore of Babylon, the Beast, Pelagians, idolaters, pagans, etc. (e.g., Dave Hunt, Bart Brewer, James White, Boettner, D.J. Kennedy, MacArthur, Ankerberg, ad infinitum). But you must demonize us or at least severely criticize us, else how would you justify your own existence as a schism out of the Catholic Church?
Yet on this subject, I find it quite interesting that Super-Pope Luther did not regard belief in transubstantiation as an obstacle to joining his party, as late as 1543, I believe, and "gentle," "cultured" Melanchthon opted for the death penalty for those who denied the Real Presence (but later changed his own mind on the subject!). Luther regarded Zwingli, on the other hand, as damned, because he denied the Real Presence. But then again, many a Protestant exhibits not the slightest interest in what Luther taught, thinking it has no relevance whatsoever to their own beliefs.
Rome simply has too many biblically untenable and contradictory beliefs.
A Protestant criticizing someone else for "contradictory beliefs!" Is any further comment necessary?
Why don't we start instead with the inerrancy and material sufficiency of the Scriptures? What do Catholics believe about these issues? I have yet to receive an answer from anyone on the Catholic side. Are you afraid of these issues? By the way you side-step them, I think you must be.
Nice try. As for fear, I'm waiting to see if James White responds to my simple request for a list of what the Apostles believed [see Dialogue on the Alleged "Perspicuous Apostolic Message" as a Proof of the Quasi-Protestantism of the Early Church]. I ain't scared o' nuthin'! I believe in inerrancy (always have - what that means exactly, of course, is the topic of much discussion among those who hold to it - and I claim no particular expertise on it). I responded directly to James White's question on material sufficiency, but gave a nuanced answer, and argued that, in the final analysis, it is largely a moot point.
I agree that defining dogma is useful in distinguishing between heresy and orthodoxy. So here are some of those dogmas that all Protestants in good standing must believe to be within the pale of orthodoxy: the Trinity, the full deity and humanity of Christ, the full deity and personhood of the Holy Spirit, the co-equality and co-eternality of all three persons in the being of God, salvation by grace alone through faith alone (sola fide), final authority in Scripture alone (sola Scriptura), one bride of Christ consisting of all who have ever placed faith and trust in him, the bodily resurrection of Christ from the dead, the bodily second coming of Christ in glory, the bodily resurrection of the saved to eternal life and the lost to eternal damnation.
Catholics agree with all of these save for sola fide and sola Scriptura, so this list does not really accentuate our differences. No one taught sola fide from Paul to Luther, according to Norman Geisler, and no one of any note (save for perhaps Wycliffe) set the Bible against Tradition and the Church (which is the usual form and spirit of sola Scriptura) until Luther. So you have an insurmountable historical obstacle where it concerns these two pillars of the "Reformation." Most Protestants "resolve" that dilemma by simply ditching Church history, and "abracadabra" - no more problem! Is that your solution, too?
Perhaps the issue should really be sola Scriptura groups vs. non-sola Scriptura groups. Within non-sola scriptura groups, there is WIDE disagreement. Non-sola scriptura groups would include Catholicism, Seventh-Day Adventism, the Watchtower, Mormonism, Christian Science, and every other false Christian cult in the world that relies on an infallible interpreter, tradition, or some other extra-biblical authority.
Does that mean Catholics are among these "false Christian cults"? Your sentence could easily be interpreted that way. I think, rather, that the relevant analytical dynamic is private judgment vs. apostolic Tradition and the resultant hierarchical Church structure. You guys are much more similar to these heresies (excluding SDA and the Catholic Church), many of which originated in America (gee, I wonder why?). They invariably result from one man or woman, who, of course, is infallible (and more often than not, an autocrat):
Heresies have traditionally relied on sola Scriptura, but seen though the lens of one man. The original Arians, e.g., quoted Scripture alone, but the Catholic Church countered with Scripture as interpreted by apostolic Tradition. Likewise the Monophysites, Gnostics, Nestorians, Monothelites, and a host of other non-Christian heresies. They were always countered by recourse to apostolic succession and apostolic Tradition, of which the Catholic Church was Guardian, and of course, Scripture always, too. But Scripture-within-the-Tradition, not Scripture in atomistic isolation, eisegeted by one idiot with a novel idea. Newman discusses this at length in his ESSAY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE, which made me a Catholic.
Now, this heretical dynamic is also very much present in early Protestantism, where Luther formed his own church in which he was infallible (I have MANY quotes substantiating this, lest anyone doubt it for a second). Calvin was the infallible Super-Pope in his church, from which derives Presbyterianism and Reformed sects today. So then, private judgment reigned, but the private judgment of ONE MAN. Zwingli started the novel idea of a symbolic Eucharist, and Bucer, Bullinger and Melanchthon tried to steer a "middle course," very broadly speaking. And apostolic Tradition and succession was necessarily thrown to the four winds, since the new sects could not even pretend to hold to it in so many particulars. Visible authority had to go too (excepting Luther's secular princes, who replaced the bishops, and Calvin's virtual dictatorship in Geneva). The Anabaptists spurned all authority in many cases, which is equally unbiblical.
It goes without saying that Catholicism is entirely different than this. No one man predominates. The popes clearly must respect and build upon doctrines already etablished, and none have remotely the power of infallibility claimed by Luther and Calvin. Our popes make infallible decrees (in the strictest sense) only every 100 years or so, whereas Luther claimed that ALL his teaching was "from God." He regarded his self-proclaimed authority as tantamount to a prophet: i.e., unquestionable. So where do you guys get off accusing us of "authoritarianism"?
It is the same way (to a lesser degree) with pastors in independent congregations, who have their own little "popedoms," often regulating peoples' private lives with impunity and extreme arrogance and impropriety (e.g., Calvin's Geneva and the modern "shepherding" fiasco). Popes, on the other hand, work together with bishops, Councils, many advisors, and the sensus fidelium, the "sense of the faithful," in which the beliefs of the masses are by all means taken into account when a new dogmatic pronouncement is being considered. No kidding!
If someone thinks otherwise, I am curious as to what one man would have started Catholicism? Constantine? Ludicrous. Leo the Great? Hardly: the whole system was in place long before his reign. Gregory the Great? Same as Leo, but even more so, as he was 150 years later. I can think of only one Man Who can be thought of as the Founder of my Church, and that Man is none other than our "Great God and Savior," Jesus Christ. I wouldn't want it any other way, so that's one reason I'm where I am. That's why St. Jerome said:
I, who follow none as my chief but Christ, am associated in communion with thy blessedness, that is, with the See of Peter. On that rock the Church is built, I know.
{Epistle 15 - writing to Pope Damasus}
(which, I am certain, far exceeds the 25,000 denomination figure railed against us by the Catholic side).
I doubt it, Eric. Why don't you back up this "certainty" of yours with some documented figures.
All sola scriptura groups (so far as I am aware) agree on the deity of Christ. Almost every non-sola scriptura group (with the exeption of two that come to mind) [deny it].
But one of those "exceptions" is MY Church!!!!! <GGGGG> Talk about non sequiturs! One billion people is one huge "exception"! <LOL>
I think you get the idea. On this view, sola scriptura has actually prevented churchly disunity that surely would have occurred if every Protestant denomination had their own infallible interpreter.
Ah, I see. But unfortunately for your schema, the first Protestants DID have infallible Super-Popes, and DID experience massive, scandalous disunity. Of course, that was somehow Rome's fault too, as everything must ultimately be!
We may use strong debating language, but that certainly does not make us anti-Catholic. You'll remember, my wife is Catholic--I certainly do not despise my wife! :). I think that I can demonstrate that you are just as anti-Protestant as you claim we are anti-Catholic. Note in even this (your last) post:
"Orthodoxy" according to whom? I don't know what this means (well, it's "correct doctrine," but who determines that?). The Arians thought they were "orthodox," while the Catholics were "heretical." The Nestorians, Monophysites, Monothelites, Sabellians, Eastern Orthodox, etc. ad infinitum thought likewise, so this is not merely a clever, rhetorical question, but a deadly serious one.
Now, Dave, if I were to take every thing you say personally, I might note here that you have equated me with Arius, Nestorius, Monophysitism, Monothelitism, Sabellianism. And I might find just cause to say to you, Why, you're nothing more than a Protestant-bashing anti-Protestant! We are no more anti-Catholic than you say you are anti-Protestant.
I think you're sharp enough to understand the analogy I was making. It doesn't imply, ipso facto, that Protestants are in the same league with all the early heresies, only that you guys have a problem in determining orthodoxy, just as these others do (in fact anybody who is non-Catholic), because "orthodoxy" means (historically speaking) what was decided upon by the Catholic Church, time and again.
If you say that Catholicism as a system is Christian, then you are not anti-Catholic (by my definition, anyway). I believe in context I was referring more to an attitude of severe bias (and often bigotry), which could spill over onto people who technically aren't anti-Catholic. I realize this is subjective, so I suggest we just drop it. But I am not anti-Protestant in my terms, because I accept Protestants as Christians. Thus, any criticisms I levy (however severe) are from a brother to a brother, so to speak. I've described the difference before as the comparison of a family fight to a struggle between Christian and infidel. James White has a ministry devoted to making Catholics come out of their non-Christian error and convert to Christianity (preferably his own Calvinism, of course). This is quintessential anti-Catholicism. How could it be construed otherwise?
When the debate is sola Scriptura vs. Scripture plus something else, then that something else automatically has to first be proved.
And it was, to my satisfaction, in my Tradition is not a Dirty Word paper.
But neither am I going to trust a system which sanctioned Reservations, Indulgences, Expectancies, Dispensations, Nepotism, the Crusades, the Inquisition, and multiple popes (each condemning the others to hell). Catholics . . . shall exterminate the heretics, possess the land without dispute and preserve it in the true faith. . . . Hence if forgers . . . are straightway justly put to death, . . . with much more justice can heretics . . . be not only excommunicated but also put to death. When I referred ealier to Catholics killing Protestants, I wasn't being anti-Catholic, I was being truthful! Are you one of those Mythical Catholics who revise Catholic history?
No, but I think it quite fair to point out that Protestants are in no better shape (I think much worse, actually) once their own scandalous history is examined (which it rarely is). I don't even attempt to defend the Crusades or Inquisition, although I regard neither as intrinsically evil. I simply attempt to balance the scales by teaching others about how Protestants did the same sorts of things. And their acts are all the more heinous since they supposedly believed in the primacy of conscience and private judgment from the beginning.
Yes, the pope's authority (in the final analysis) is distinct from the Councils - this was defined so as to avoid the error of conciliarism, which is a root problem of the Orthodox, who have no non- arbitrary way of determining the legitimacy of an Ecumenical Council.
Oh, I see. To prevent the error of adhering to the consensus of opinions, we adopt the non-arbitrary method of adhering to the opinion of one man. HELLO!!!
HI!!! You guys decide which Councils are or are not legitimate individually. We do it through the institution of the papacy (with all its guarantees of infallibility, etc.). Either way, one is left to judge Councils. One man provides a unity that no group can ever attain. But in large measure, the pope agrees with conciliar decisions, so it isn't an either/or proposition.
I'm talking about the interpretation of one man entirely dominating a denomination. You simply can't assert that about any one pope. It can't be done, period.
Is not your pope an infallible interpreter? Besides, your criteria is a bit arbitrary and self-serving. The pope is seen in RC as the vicar of Christ on earth and his pronouncements are seen as infallible. Put it this way; even if he doesnt say its infallible, if the pope says it, you may be certain the Catholic church will heed it. THAT is one-man dominance.
You miss my point entirely yet again. No single pope has constructed the edifice of the Catholic Church and its dogmas. Not even close. So my argument stands, entirely unchallenged. In other words, no pope can be said to be the Founder of Catholicism.
Your opinion on Luther is irrelevant to my argument, since it is an analogy between Protestantism and the non-trinitarian heresies. Luther had more power in his sphere than any pope ever dreamt of, and this is the whole point. You keep switching the terms of the debate, whenever you're trapped by the incoherence of your own position.
I honestly do not follow you here. What terms am I switching? On the contrary, to equate Luther as some kind of infallible interpreter is indeed to throw a red herring into the argument.
My original argument (countering you) was that the heresies and Protestantism are similar in that they adhere to sola Scriptura, but seen through the lens of one man. And this was certainly the case with Luther and the Lutherans, at least in the beginning, which was my primary emphasis. Thus, in terms of refuting my analogy, it is absolutely irrelevant what you think of Luther or his claims. The fact remains that he made himself infallible. Do I have to give you the quotes? This is no "red herring," whatsoever. It is a valid analogy (I love anological arguments, because they are largely what made me a Catholic - from Newman's ESSAY ON DEVELOPMENT, which is chock-full of 'em).
You seem to view Luther as somehow the genesis of apostolic succession of Protestants;
All Protestants stem from his dissent.
This is simply not true. The Anglicans have no connection to Luther other than the fact that they departed about the same time. Calvin admired Luther, but noted that he was wrong on many points. The Anabaptists absolutely had no connection to Luther. Well, that just about covers all the reformed groups of the sixteenth century.
I meant in spirit, not technically, or "apostolic succession," as you put it, as if Protestants had no disagreements (which would be like saying that zebras have no stripes). Luther was the first to successfully break, thus making the unthinkable (excepting the Orthodox) thinkable. The similarities are such that I think my opinion is valid. All are agreed in antipathy to Catholicism, and especially in opposing the pope.
By the way, my wife was very disappointed to discover (last night) that the Catholic Biblical College where she was enrolled teaches the legitimacy of higher criticism (JEPD, Source, Form, and Redaction), and that Gen 1 not only contradicts Gen 2 (since, they argue, they were written by two different authors), but also that Gen 1 and 2 are examples of Biblical myth, not history.
Classic liberalism, ain't it?
The book she was reading had both the Imprimatur and Nihil Obstat, guaranteeing that there are no doctrinal errors.
This is obviously often abused.
Several questions for you. First, I am assuming (and I would hope) that you see a mythical reading of Gen 1 and 2 as doctrinal error. Yet the Catholic Magisterium has placed its stamp of approval on it. Who is right? You or the Magisterium? Second, I am assuming (and I would hope) that you disagree with the mythical interpretation of Gen 1 and 2, no? But if so, then where is your unity of belief with other Catholics on this point?
Geisler in his recent book Roman Catholics and Evangelicals points out that all Catholics must agree that:
. . . the first 3 chapters of Genesis contain narratives of real events . . . no myths, no mere allegories or symbols of religious truths, no legends. (p.63)
I understand this to be the Catholic dogma on the subject, with which I agree (as a good Catholic). To believe otherwise would be to deny the reality of original sin, as I've already stated. Ludwig Ott also discusses this, under "Creation" (if you have his book). By the way, Geisler also strongly confirms what I said about our views on inerrancy (pp.29-31). Very good! Liberals will be liberals. All you need is a liberal bishop (or even an orthodox one who wants to avoid controversy and unpopularity) to grant an illegitimate Imprimatur.
This same point could be made, of course, about the hundreds of other places where your interpretation would differ from the scholarly interpretation.
As is the case in evangelicalism as well. But, again, we have the "books" to authoritatively ascertain what is an error.
In light of this, I cannot see how you can maintain that the Catholic church is united in its interpretation of Scripture in any meaningful sense. Remember, Dave, this teaching is stamped with both the Imprimatur and Nihil Obstat.
The books, Eric, the books. That's all I care about, and that is our system, not a collection of dissenting, intellectually-dishonest, "bleeding-brain" liberals.
This decision was made twenty-six years before Hippo. The Western (Roman) church accepted a Canon that did not include the book of Hebrews, but eventually followed the East in including all twenty-seven books. In other words, the Roman church relied upon the Eastern Orthodox church for her Canon. Far from making an infallible decision, the Roman church, at Hippo and Carthage, simply adopted the decision of the Eastern church. Therefore, the Canon that we currently have is the work of the Eastern Orthodox church, which doesn't claim infallibility.
Again, there was no "Eastern Orthodox church" at this time, so the argument is altogether fallacious. So what if a truth comes from the East in its entirety or partially? Catholic means "universal." We rejoice in such occurrences. This has nothing whatsoever to do with our current argument, nor will it resolve your insuperable difficulties vis-a-vis the Canon.
The point, of course, is that this was at a time before Roman Catholicism existed.
Alright, then: Please define for me: 1) Catholicism, and 2) Roman Catholicism, and inform me as to when each (or either, as the case may be) began. I've yet to hear any Protestant apologist give a cogent, sensible answer to this. This viewpoint, frankly, reminds me of pro-abortionist arguments as to when a "fetus" becomes a "person," all theoretical points of origin being purely arbitrary and subjective. It will do no good to say that my question is irrelevant, since you yourself have stated that there was a time (i.e., the 4th century) when "Roman Catholicism" did not yet exist.
If you can't tell us when it did begin to exist, then your historical statement is unfalsifiable and therefore suspect. You do use the term "Roman church" above. Is that body synonymous with either the "Catholic Church" or the "Roman Catholic Church"? This is a particularly relevant consideration in light of the fact that you make reference to the "Eastern Orthodox church" as presumably existing in the same time period. I say that this historical/ecclesiological scenario is hopelessly muddled. Perhaps your clarification will clear up my confusion.
If later on, the East and West split, what gives you the right to claim an Eastern father?
If you're speaking of St. Athanasius, the Western church leaders and the pope "claimed" him to a far greater extent than the Eastern (almost always caesaropapist) political and church leaders did (which fact I mentioned in the same post). The Eastern Orthodox today venerate, e.g., Pope St. Leo the Great, while they frown upon, e.g., St. Augustine. Pick and choose. For our part, we venerate and hold in high esteem all the Fathers. It is of no consequence to us whether they are Eastern or Western. But the fact remains that there was but one universal Christian Church at this time, and you've shown me nothing to cause me to jettison that "perspicuous" fact of Church history.
Furthermore, it is quite amusing and ironic for any Protestant to chide us for claiming "Eastern fathers" as our own, when it is patently ridiculous for a Protestant to claim any Father, Eastern or Western, as their own, or even anywhere close to "proto-Protestant" (most notably, St. Augustine, who was present at both Hippo and Carthage and exercised a prevailing influence).
You are simply assuming that Rome was on the right side of the issue,
As it always was. This is what made Ronald Knox and Newman sit up and take notice, so striking and far beyond coincidence was it. As I said, historically speaking (most strikingly in the early centuries of the Church), "orthodox" is equivalent to the Roman position on any given issue. It was not very easy to know what Christian orthodoxy was (there were many competing heretical groups), apart from an acceptance of the authority of the Roman see and the papacy, which was shown (with hindsight) to be "orthodox" again and again. This, to us, is compelling evidence of divine guidance and protection from error. On the other hand, one constantly finds in the East in those centuries heretical patriarchs, and massive, widespread defections from orthodoxy, such as the "Robber Council" of 449 and the huge, tragic Monophysite schisms after Chalcedon in 451.
that everyone before that time were Romanists,
This is far too broad of a statement to tackle rationally.
Put it this way; suppose the Eastern Orthodox were to claim, say, Clement of Rome as one of their own against Romanism. How would you feel about that?
For the third time: such talk is meaningless and moot, since there was but one Church then. It is a common heritage, just as medieval England is the common antecedent of both America and Canada. One doesn't speak of Shakespeare as "American" or "Canadian." Now, if some Orthodox want to claim that they are the true Church over against us, that is another quarrel (one which they will lose), but one beyond our purview here. The Catholic Church is presently trying its utmost to be ecumenical and accepting of the Orthodox, with, e.g., word pictures such as Pope John Paul II's "two lung" perspective on ecclesiology, and ecumenical Encyclicals such as Ut Unum Sint (1995).
Besides, one letter from a single patriarch is not a binding requirement. The East still believed in ecumenical Councils at that time - they would be binding, not a single epistle. And you act like infallibility must necessarily possess the attribute of "first time mentioned," which is untrue.
Are you under the impression that Hippo and Carthage were ecumenical councils? They were neither ecumenical nor councils--both were nothing more than local synods.
Of course. You misunderstood my point. All I was saying was that St. Athanasius' letter was not binding since it was not conciliar (which is the least one would expect in the East, if one wants to maintain - incorrectly - that they rejected the papacy en masse in this period).
So, again, we are faced with the consistency of Rome's decisions. Are all local synods infallible and binding?
Obviously not. If they are orthodox then they are part of the ordinary magisterium, as David Palm noted.
If not, then you end up picking and choosing which are and which are not. Why do you arbitrarily pick Hippo and Carthage as infallible and binding on the church? Let me guess--because Rome tells you to, right?
Well, yes. They were ratified by Pope Innocent I (d.417) and Gelasius I (d.496). This is how Ecumenical Councils are determined as well. The "conciliarism" of Eastern Monophysite heretics brought us the "Robber council" of 449. The leadership of the Western papacy, on the other hand, led to Chalcedon in 451. Before you deride this outlook, let me remind you that you have proposed nothing as a substitute for authoritative determination of the NT Canon. Our system is consistent, but yours is incoherent. You can deny our premises (as is the case in any belief-system), but at least we proceed logically from them, whereas Protestantism is self-defeating with regard to the question of the NT Canon & how it was finalized (and sola Scriptura also).
Thank you for your candor.
You're most welcome.
We Catholics eagerly await a non-contradictory, plausible alternate Protestant explanation of how Christianity came to obtain the present NT Canon. Such insurmountable obstacles are representative of the reasons many of us former Protestants felt compelled to accept Catholicism, not some dreamt-up psycho-babble of an alleged infantile desire for fideistic dogma-without-reflection-and-exegesis, as James White would have it.
Note well, folks, the circularity here. We as Protestants are told that we have no right to pick and choose which decisions of the church we hold and which we jettison--that it is all or nothing.
In a word: nonsense. What you're "told" is that you ought to retain doctrines which have been the historical teaching of the Church from the beginning (e.g., infused justification, baptismal regeneration, Real Presence and apostolic succession come to mind immediately as striking examples of the general Protestant departure from orthodoxy). Protestant "picking and choosing" of "correct" doctrines is, in the final analysis - completely arbitrary, often based historically on the whim of one man (e.g., Luther, Calvin, Zwingli). When these depart in essence from historic Christian teaching they can only be deemed heretical.
Our system, on the other hand, is neither circular, nor based on a radically individualistic, subjective, anarchical principle. We've said all along that Rome, and more specifically the pope, were the arbiters of orthodoxy. The pope is the final court of appeal, and he ratifies councils, whether local or Ecumenical. I'm glad you press this point, Eric, because now I will post a lengthy comment by Newman regarding what can happen in Council (Robber Council of 449) without the pope and what happens with the pope presiding by common consent (Chalcedon - 451). That will illustrate our perspective quite adequately, I think.
Note that both Protestants and Orthodox have a problem in determining which Council is orthodox and which not. But we have always held to papal primacy and jurisdiction. This is precisely why the pope is needed - as a principle of unity (as even many Lutherans and Orthodox are willing to admit). And of course papal primacy is in turn a fairly explicit biblical doctrine. We need not ditch history, nor the Bible, nor consistency, as you guys do when it comes to these sorts of questions. Your principle of individualism and sola Scriptura, on the other hand, leads to "200 Interpretations of 'This is My Body'" within 60 years of the 95 Theses (a book by that title which appeared in Germany).
Moreover the specific test case for this, provided by the Catholic side, is the issue of the canon.
In this discussion, perhaps, but of course there are many, many test cases in which the Protestant position is revealed to be utterly incoherent as well.
Unless we ascribe infallibility to the church in deciding upon the canon, we cannot know with certitude if the church chose the right books. And the minute we ascribe infallibility to the church in this area, then we are inconsistent if we do not likewise ascribe infallibility to the church in all areas.
Yes, you make a tacit exception to your system by bowing to a local council (not even an Ecumenical one) and conceding that a bunch of Catholics "got it right." Why would, and how could, that be? God made an exception to the rule of sola Scriptura and individualism just because the Bible was involved? Why accept any councils in the early days but not later ones? Protestants hold no councils that I'm aware of. When was the last: the acrimonious Marburg Colloquy in 1529, in which Luther and Zwingli butted heads over the Real Presence?
Yet the minute we press the issue, we get another story altogether! Were Hippo and Carthage councils? Well, no, they were synods. Were they even ecumenical? Well, no, they were both local. Indeed, were they even infallible? In the words of David Palm: Let's make sure we're precise. The decisions of local councils are never taken as intrinsically infallible in and of themselves.
"Another story"? This is silly. There are no big "revelations" here. Only Ecumenical Councils are infallible, and only insofar as they are in accordance with the pope, who may "veto" some of the proceedings. It must be this way, otherwise one is faced with the sad reality of the Robber Council, in which the East adopted Monophysitism wholesale.
But if this is the case, then Catholics themselves pick and choose which synods and councils are infallible and which are not. And in fact, the very synod (often posed to Protestants as a council until challenged) Catholics point to as their coup de grace ends up not even being infallible itself. Ah but (we are told) Hippo and Carthage are infallible by virtue of the ordinary magisterium. Do you know what ordinary magisterium really means, folks? It simply means that the Catholics can have their cake and eat it to. They can neatly avoid labeling all councils and synods as infallible (as avoid they must since many councils and synods subscribed to heresies); yet at the same time they can reserve the right to label those councils and synods by which they are well-served infallible via an esoteric principle that the Catholic church could not possibly be led into error.
In other words, they've covered their tracks. How do we know whether a synod or council is infallible or not? Why, only the Catholic church can tell us. Conveniently enough, Hippo and Carthage just happen to be included within the infallible ordinary magisterium. That, my friends, is circular reasoning at its best. I dare say that if the Protestant side tried this kind of rationale, the Catholic side would be only too quick to point out our faulty reasoning.
A fair enough description of our system (at least by you :-). But you ought to substitute "pope" for the "Catholic Church" and "Catholics" in a couple of places, for accuracy's sake. Pure conciliarism is the principle of the Eastern Orthodox, although they don't seem to have many Councils lately. Again, our system is not circular. You have not proven that in the least here. But yours is, as I've shown in my Fictional Dialogue on Sola Scriptura, which has not really been answered.
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To reduce phosphorous loads in waterways within the Peel-Harvey catchment, the project aims to develop new configurations in landuse with greater integration of perennial plants into farming systems. Key to achieving this landuse change is the new and detailed knowledge this research will gather on the forms of phosphorous in soil and water, and the hydrological mechanisms that transport the phosphorous off farms.
Researchers will also tap into community knowledge to help with information gathering. The research is engaging landholders and community members on research objectives and milestones, and presenting reports to stakeholder groups throughout the project. While reviewing existing information on the phosphorous movement within the Peel-Harvey catchment, researchers are also gathering "grey literature," that is, information held by people, but not formally published.
Deep soil cores will be taken in two contrasting fields to characterize soil properties. Scientific instruments will be installed at four locations, representing upland, mid-slope and riparian ecosystems. This allows for assessment of the shallow aquifer groundwater system and its role in biogeochemical processes and nutrient transport over a seven-12 month period. Soil collected from field sites will be analyzed to determine the point at which the addition of more phosphorous results in phosphorous leaching. Analysis of soil samples from native wetland and existing pastures will help determine the role these ecosystems play in capturing the phosphorous on a seasonal basis. Finally, researchers will experiment by planting certain species of primarily native plants in various locations on farms to see how they contribute to phosphorous uptake.
Greening Australia
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