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Home > Learn and Discover > Commemorating the War of 1812 > Educational Activities > Rideau Canal National Historic Site of Canada Receives World Heritage Site Designation!
This lesson plan focuses on the Rideau Canal National Historic Site of Canada and the nomination process undertaken to achieve UNESCO World Heritage Site designation. This learning package includes a lesson plan, maps, worksheets, and fact sheets.
Estimated Time: 300 minutes
The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (the World Heritage Convention, for short) was adopted by UNESCO's (United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization) General Conference in 1972. Currently, 177 countries (known as "States Parties") have ratified the Convention, including Canada in 1976. The Convention established the World Heritage List as a means of recognizing that some places, either cultural* or natural**, are of sufficient importance to be the responsibility of the international community as a whole. By joining the Convention, States Parties pledge to care for world heritage sites in their territory and to avoid deliberate measures that could damage world heritage sites in other countries. As such, the World Heritage List serves as a tool for conservation. The Convention is overseen by the World Heritage Committee, which is composed of 21 countries (Benin, Canada, Chile, Cuba, India, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Spain, Republic of Korea, Tunisia, United States of America - Appointed between 2005-2007) elected by the States Parties. The Committee is supported by UNESCO's World Heritage Centre in Paris, which advises States Parties on the preparation of site nominations, organizes technical assistance on request and coordinates reporting on the condition of sites. It also coordinates emergency action to protect threatened sites and administers the World Heritage Fund. (The UNESCO World Heritage Convention) Parks Canada plays a very important role in the designation and monitoring of World Heritage Sites in Canada. Because of its expertise and leadership in the protection of national historical sites and national parks, the Parks Canada Agency was chosen by the federal government to be responsible for World Heritage Sites. Employees assist and guide Canadian sites that are preparing their nomination dossier and advise on conservation and protection to those that have been designated of international value. * According to UNESCO, the following shall be considered as "Cultural Heritage"
** According to UNESCO, the following shall be considered as "Natural Heritage"
(Source: World Heritage in Young Hands, To Know Cherish and Act, An educational resource kit of teachers. Published in 2002 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
A tentative list consists of properties that have the potential to meet World Heritage Site criteria for outstanding universal values. The World Heritage Committee asks State Parties to update their tentative lists to reflect both the current criteria and priorities of UNESCO. The process of updating the tentative list provides an opportunity for State Parties to identify sites that could be considered to meet the test of outstanding universal value and that respond to the priorities of the Global Strategy. The Global Strategy for a Balanced, Representative and Credible World Heritage List aims to ensure that the list reflects the world's cultural and natural diversity of outstanding universal value. The Global Strategy broadens the typical definition of World Heritage to include and protect sites that are outstanding demonstrations of human coexistence with the land as well as human interactions, cultural coexistence, spirituality and creative expression. Furthermore, the strategy encourages countries to prepare "tentative lists" and to prepare nominations of properties from categories and regions currently not well-represented on the World Heritage List. (UNESCO World Heritage Centre Tentative List) Revising the tentative list is also an opportunity to examine sites in the context of the conservation work that has been carried out in the past two decades, so that the very best candidates can be put forward for consideration. Tentative Lists are revised approximately every 10 years.
Stakeholder support is a key consideration in Canada. A site which is nominated for having potential to obtain World Heritage Site designation has to have the support of the organization responsible for the site, in addition to the respective provincial/territorial government, and, where relevant, Aboriginal groups. This support is based on an understanding of the implications of inscription. In order to provide sound scientific information, research reports on natural and cultural heritage are prepared by two independent, internationally respected Canadian experts who are familiar with World Heritage policies and guidelines. The two research reports provides an assessment of potential Canadian sites in light of the World Heritage criteria and the priorities outlined in the Global Strategy. The sites assessed include those suggested by Canadians during the past two decades as potential candidates for the World Heritage List, as well as other sites that appear to meet the criterion for "outstanding universal value".(Canada's Tentative List for World Heritage Sites)
In order for a site to be nominated as a potential World Heritage Site, it must first be on a State Party's Tentative List. A detailed nomination is prepared by those responsible for the site.
The World Heritage Centre checks that nominations are complete. The Centre may ask for additional information from the nominating State Party.
Experts from the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) for cultural sites and from the World Conservation Union (IUCN) for natural sites, visit the nominated site to evaluate its heritage values, its protection and management regime, and to confirm the level of support of various stakeholders. The international experts prepare a technical report, which includes recommendations for consideration by the World Heritage Committee.
The World Heritage Committee makes a decision on the nomination. It can inscribe the site on the World Heritage List; refer the nomination back to the State Party for more information; defer it until further research work is conducted; or not inscribed the site on the list. The timeframe from the reception of a nomination by the World Heritage Centre to the Committee's decision is at least 18 months. (Establishing the World Heritage List)
The Rideau Canal is a chain of lakes, rivers and canal cuts winding 202 km from Kingston, at the head of Lake Ontario, to Ottawa, Canada's capital city. The Rideau Canal received national historic site designation in 1924, and the Rideau River and the Cataraqui River received Canadian Heritage River status in 2000. The Rideau Canal is currently operated by Parks Canada to preserve and present the canal's natural and historic features, as well as to provide a navigable channel for pleasure craft vessels (e.g. houseboats, canoes, powerboats, etc.).
The Rideau Canal was built in response to the tensions that existed between Great Britain and the United States of America, which erupted in armed conflict with the outbreak of the War of 1812. During the war, the inadequacy of the St. Lawrence River became increasingly apparent. Not only was travel on the river exceedingly slow and costly, but also the river itself was exposed to American attack along most of its length between Montreal and Lake Ontario. British authorities were determined to prevent such a situation from arising and developed the concept of a military canal linking the Ottawa River and Lake Ontario. Following the War of 1812, surveys were undertaken to identify a second, safe route from Montreal to the Great Lakes. The decision was to follow the Ottawa River from Montreal to the mouth of the Rideau River, then travel south along the Rideau River through a series of small lakes to the Cataraqui River, which emptied into Lake Ontario at Kingston. Unfortunately, the route selected was navigable only in parts and to use it for boats larger than a canoe necessitated the construction of a series of locks between Ottawa and Kingston (to increase and control water levels). Given the expense of such an undertaking, the project had little enthusiasm with the British authorities, especially since relations with the United States were not as tense after the War of 1812. A champion for building a canal arose in the Duke of Wellington, famous as the victor over Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo and an influential voice in British politics. The result of his support was the appointment of Lieutenant-Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers to oversee the task of making the Rideau-Catarqui route into a navigable waterway. Colonel By arrived in Canada in 1826 and established his headquarters near the mouth of the Rideau River. This settlement was known for many years as Bytown, which over time was renamed as Ottawa. The overall design of the canal involved a series of dams and associated locks to enable boats to travel without impediment from Bytown to Kingston. The original design for the canal identified the construction of locks that could handle small barges. With considerable foresight, Colonel By boldly advocated a system of much larger locks. He finally persuaded his superiors to authorize the construction of locks with minimum size of 40.8 m long and 10.1 m wide, large enough to accommodate the steamboats that were beginning to appear on the Great Lakes.
Work began on taming the rivers in 1827. Colonel By and a small contingent of Royal Engineer officers designed the Rideau Canal and supervised the project. The actual construction work was contracted out to private individuals. Most of the locks and dams were built of stone quarried on site, while the necessary iron fixtures were forged by local blacksmiths. The labourers who dug the lock pits, hauled the stones, and built the dams and locks, were drawn from two main sources. Many came from the only major populated area in the country, the French-Canadian settlements of Lower Canada. Others were recruited immigrants - mostly from Ireland - who were beginning to arrive in Canada in ever-increasing numbers. Tragically, new recruits were always needed to replace workers who died from malaria, which was contracted from many swamps along the canal route, and other causes related to the danger of their work. After five laborious years, the Rideau Canal was officially opened in the summer of 1832. It was an achievement of international magnitude. For most of its 202 km length, the new canal passed through an unsettled wilderness where By and his workers managed to construct forty-seven locks, some of them posing considerable engineering challenges. Due to its military role, the canal also included defences in the form of fortified lock master houses and blockhouses at the lock stations most exposed to possible enemy attack. Considering what was accomplished through this project, the financial cost was relatively low: £800,000. But far from applauding the achievement, the British Parliament of 1832 expressed its shock at the expenditure of such a sum of money and recalled Colonel By to face a parliamentary inquiry into his activities. While intensive investigation absolved Colonel By of any kind of mismanagement, he never received the honours his achievement should have earned him. He retired to private life, and died a disappointed man in 1836. Although it was constructed as an alternate route to the St. Lawrence River in case of war, the new Rideau Canal was easier to navigate than the St. Lawrence River (due to its series of dangerous rapids between Montreal and Kingston). As a result, the Rideau Canal became a busy commercial artery from Montreal to the Great Lakes. However, by 1849, the rapids of the St. Lawrence had been tamed by a series of locks and commercial shippers were quick to switch to this more direct route. The Rideau Canal's heyday as a busy national highway ended in the 1850s, but the region it passed through remained ill-served by roads and railways until after the First World War. As a result, the Rideau Canal continued to be an important local transportation system. After the First World War commercial traffic disappeared from the Rideau Canal. It was no longer of value for military, commercial or transportation purposes. The only reason the Rideau Canal was not abandoned was because of the high costs associated with dismantling it. Prior to the decline of local commercial traffic, a new role for the Rideau Canal had emerged. The natural beauty of the area through which the canal passes, along with the promise of excellent sports fishing, hunting and recreational boating stimulated the development of the tourism industry in the area and, by the end of the 19th century, hotels and private cottages made their appearance along the canal route. The years since then have seen a massive expansion of the recreational use of the Rideau Canal. In more recent times, the historical importance of the canal has been recognized. Declared by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada to be of national historic significance, the Rideau Canal, North America's oldest continuously operating waterway, attracts thousands of visitors every year, anxious to learn about this remarkable engineering achievement and its role in the development of Canada.
From Lake Ontario in Kingston, the Rideau Canal begins its ascent from Lake Ontario, along the Cataraqui River system (total lift from Lake Ontario to the top of Kingston Mills is 14.26 metres or 46.8 feet). It passes through the Cataraqui Marsh, an extensive wetland in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. At Kingston Mills (the most southerly lock station), boats climb the flight of locks, past towering granite cliffs, onto the Frontenac Axis, part of the rugged Canadian Shield. From lake to lake, the canal rises to its highest point, near Newboro, in Upper Rideau Lake (total lift from Lake Ontario to Newboro is 91.44 metres or 300 feet). At the summit, the scenery changes. The canal gently descends through the Rideau Lakes and the Rideau River. It passes through farmlands of the Smiths Falls limestone plain and meanders through shallow marshes, alive with birds and wildlife. The architectural heritage of the neighboring towns and villages reflect over 165 years of canal history, which includes country hospitality and numerous festivities for visitors to enjoy. The remaining portion of the canal provides a pleasant transition along the Rideau River from rural Ontario to the urban setting of the Nation's Capital. From Hogs Back to the Ottawa River, the canal forms the heart of Ottawa's parkland, culminating in the majestic staircase of eight locks at the foot of Parliament Hill. Lockmasters and their staff continue the tradition of hand-operating 44 of the 47 locks along the waterway, using the original equipment dating back to the 1800s. The three exceptions are Newboro, Smiths Falls Combined and Black Rapids, which are operated electrically. The locks can accommodate boats up to 27.4 meters (90 ft.) in length and 7.9 meters (26 ft.) in width. Please click the following images for larger views.
Your classroom will now become the World Heritage Convention! A panel of five to seven members (may be students, teachers, parents, etc.) representing one of the 21 state parties on the current World Heritage Committee will officially designate two places as World Heritage Sites. Using the same groups from Part 3, each group selects one or two members to deliver a 5-minute presentation on their proposed Canadian world heritage site. The presentation needs to be convincing, insightful and most importantly, demonstrate why this place is of value to Canada and the world. Provide copies of the Evaluation Sheet (page 15), to each judge for evaluating the presentations. When making its decision, the panel will consider:
Name of Presenter(s): ______________________________________________ Group Participants: ________________________________________________ Name of Proposed Site: _____________________________________________
The Rideau Canal is a chain of beautiful lakes, rivers and canal cuts. Winding its way through varying landscapes, it stretches a distance of 202 km from Kingston, at the head of Lake Ontario, to Ottawa, Canada's capital city. One of Canada's historic canals and a Canadian Heritage River, the Rideau Canal National Historic Site is operated by Parks Canada to preserve and present the canal's natural and historic features, and to provide a navigable channel.
The Rideau Canal is the only canal dating from the great North American canal-building era of the early 19th century that remains operational along its original route and with most of its original structures intact. It was also one of the first canals designed specifically for steam-powered vessels. It is an outstanding technological achievement in terms of its ingenious design, high-quality construction and physical challenges.
The Rideau Canal was conceived in the wake of the War of 1812. It was to be a war-time supply route to Kingston and the Great Lakes, because the international boundary along the St. Lawrence River was vulnerable to attack. The canal provided a secure water route for troops and supplies from Montreal to reach the settlements of Upper Canada. In 1826, England sent Lieutenant Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers to supervise canal construction. Thousands of Irish Immigrants, French Canadians and Scottish stonemasons were among the laborers who helped push the canal through the rough bush, swamps and rocky wilderness of Eastern Ontario. Completed in 1832, the Rideau Canal was one of the greatest engineering feats of the 19th century. The Rideau Canal is a masterpiece of human creative genius, in its concept, design, and engineering. To build the canal, Lieutenant-Colonel John By, envisioned the joining of the Rideau and Cataraqui river systems using a slackwater system * . His decision to build a slackwater canal was highly innovative and technologically risky. This system was untried at this time in Europe and had been attempted in North America on a limited scale. * Slackwater system = high dams raise the water level to flood the rapids and back up the water to a navigable depth. The construction of a slackwater system complicated the surveying task but it reduced excavation work immensely. The Rideau Canal was built as a military canal and, for several decades, was an important element in the defence of Canada. It had, however, never been thought of as having an exclusively military function, and soon after it opened, the canal was carrying much of the commercial traffic that had previously used the St. Lawrence River. The Rideau Canal has opened for navigation every year since 1832. It was built during the great canal building era of the 19th century and has survived intact to modern times making it the oldest operating canal in North America. To visit the Rideau Canal is an experience in both the natural environment and the history of this part of Canada. The transportation route and the access of water power created by the arrival of the canal, led to immigration, settlement, and the development of early industries. In June 1924, the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada adopted the resolution "that the construction of the Rideau Canal be declared an event of national importance." In 1926, the Canal was commemorated through a Board-approved plaque. It states:
"This tablet commemorates the hundredth anniversary of the beginning of the construction of the Rideau Canal in September, 1826, under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel John By: R.E., connecting the Ottawa River with Lake Ontario for ship navigation, thereby, laying the foundation of the City of Ottawa and advancing the development of Eastern Ontario."
For nearly 175 years, the Rideau Canal has continued to serve, without interruption, as a water route between Ottawa and Kingston. This is a tribute to the high construction standards that John By insisted upon during its building and the fact that it has been well maintained over the years.
From Lake Ontario at Kingston, the Rideau begins its ascent of the Cataraqui River system. It passes through the Cataraqui Marsh, an extensive wetland in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. At Kingston Mills, boats climb the flight of locks, past towering granite cliffs, onto the Frontenac Axis, part of the rugged Canadian Shield. From lake to lake, the canal rises to its highest point, near Newboro, in Upper Rideau Lake. At the summit, the canal gently descends through the Rideau Lakes and the Rideau River. It passes through farmlands of the Smiths Falls limestone plain and meanders through shallow marches, alive with birds and wildlife. The remaining portion of the canal provides a pleasant transition from rural Ontario to the urban setting of the Nation's Capital. The canal forms the heart of Ottawa's parkland, culminating in the majestic staircase of eight locks at the foot of Parliament Hill. For further information, visit: www.pc.gc.ca/rideau
Through a fundamental stroke of creative genius, Lieutenant-Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers envisioned the creation of a slackwater * canal on a monumental scale. This approach was highly innovative - and technologically risky. The slackwater system was virtually untried at this time in Europe. Slackwater techniques on a limited scale had been attempted in North America, but none of these canals was near the complexity of what John By conceived for the Rideau Canal. * Slackwater system = high dams raise the water level to flood the rapids and back up the water to a navigable depth. The construction of a slackwater system complicated the surveying task but it reduced excavation work immensely.
One of the very few canals in the world built primarily for strategic military purposes, the Rideau Canal and its associated defensive works were built at a time when Great Britain and the United States of America vied for control of the northern portion of the North American continent.
Complete Canadian Tentative List for World Heritage Site designation.
Criteria iii, iv, vi Grand-Pré is the symbolic centre of the homeland of the Acadian people and the principal lieu de la mémoire acadienne. Here they transformed millennia-old tidal salt marshes into fertile farmland, the granary of Acadie. The tragic deportation of the Acadians in 1755 from the lands they had physically created through hard work and ingenuity is marked by the memorial chapel (1922-1930), the Deportation Cross (1924), the bronze statue of Evangeline, the heroine of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's romantic poem Evangeline (1920), and other monuments. Below-ground archaeological remains also represent the occupation and the collective memory. The area still bears the distinct settlement and land use patterns of dyked marshlands, uplands, and forest rising from the bay that identified their prosperous agricultural settlement from 1682 to 1755, as well as vestiges of the unique Acadian adaptation of 17th-century French dyking practice to the salt marshlands. The overlay of cultural resources reflecting the deliberate settlement of New England Planters on the Acadian lands immediately after The Deportation remains visible. (www.pc.gc.ca/grandpre)
Criteria iii, v, vi, ix, x In few other places in the world can one experience such a diversity of life and habitats from undersea kelp forests, to old-growth rain forests. As one of the few places in Canada not covered by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age, Gwaii Haanas retains a unique assemblage of species, many endemic to the Queen Charlotte Islands. Tucked on shore-line cliffs are some of the largest seabird colonies and sea lion rookeries known. The invertebrate life in the intertidal and subtidal zones is highly diverse, and the habitat supports migrating shorebirds and marine mammals, including killer whales and migrating grey whales. Traditional homeland of the Haida, the area includes remnants of houses and carved mortuary and memorial poles, commemorating the culture of the Haida and their close relationship with the land and sea. Like the mist that permeates the forest, the rich culture of the Haida infuses Gwaii Haanas. The existing SGaang Gwaii World Heritage Site would be incorporated into this broader proposal. (www.pc.gc.ca/gwaiihaanas)
Criteria iv, v, vii, viii, x The Ivvavik, Vuntut and Herschel Island site is a land rich in wildlife, in variety of landscape and in vegetation. Vuntut National Park of Canada includes part of the Old Crow Flats, a vast area of lakes, ponds, wandering rivers and sodden tundra that is recognized to be of global importance for breeding and migratory waterfowl. The chorus arising from the flats on a spring morning is as unforgettable as the stillness of the flats on a winter night. North of the flats in Ivvavik National Park of Canada lie the Richardson Mountains, home to Dall sheep, moose and among the highest concentrations of grizzly bears known. On the tundra plains bordering the Beaufort Sea, the Porcupine Caribou Herd, one of the largest herds of migratory ungulates in the world, wanders on its seasonal migrations. Herschel Island Territorial Park (Qikiqtaruk) protects a unique combination of natural and human heritage and was Yukon's first territorial park. The entire area was bypassed by the Pleistocene glaciers, as evidenced by palaeontological and archaeological sites which include some of the best-preserved assemblages of ice-age fauna, and some of the oldest human remains yet discovered in the Western Hemisphere. (www.pc.gc.ca/ivvavik)
Criteria iii, iv, v In Red Bay are found underwater and terrestrial archaeological sites representative of a 16th century Basque whaling station in North America. They contain archaeological evidence of all the major elements of Basque whaling and associated activities, including tryworks, cooperages, workshops, dwellings, wharves, burial sites and lookouts. Submerged cultural resources include the well-preserved remains of a number of vessels that illustrate 16th century Iberian technology, including three whaling ships, two chalupas and a pinanza. No known Dutch, English, or Basque whaling station equals Red Bay in the number and completeness of cultural resources illustrating the whaling industry technology of this period. (www.pc.gc.ca/redbay)
Criteria iv, v The history of the Klondike is written on the land. First Nations story cycles speak to thousands of years of surviving and thriving in a challenging environment, and to a remarkable record of adaptation and innovation. These stories also speak to a way of life that was radically and indelibly altered by a brief moment on the timeline of the region's human occupation - the Klondike Gold Rush of 1896-1898, and its aftermath. Early narratives are found throughout the traditional territories, including the Tr'ochëk fishing camp and ancient trading routes such as the Chilkoot Trail; later voices overlay the Chilkoot and the still-mined gold fields, and the historic districts of Dawson and Skagway, Alaska (U.S.A.). Collectively, the places and cultural accommodations that define the Klondike cultural landscape represent a story of extraordinary proportions. (www.pc.gc.ca/klondike)


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Skip to comments.LOSING OUR DELUSIONS: Not Much Left (Despondent Liberal on state of Liberalism)
Posted on 02/17/2005 6:31:56 PM PST by pissant
I think it was John Kenneth Galbraith, speaking in the early 1960s, the high point of post-New Deal liberalism, who pronounced conservatism dead. Conservatism, he said, was "bookless," a characteristic Galbraithian, which is to say Olympian, verdict. Without books, there are no ideas. And it is true: American conservatism was, at the time, a congeries of cranky prejudices, a closed church with an archaic doctrine proclaimed by spoiled swells. William F. Buckley Jr. comes to mind, and a few others whose names will now resonate with almost nobody. Take as just one instance Russell Kirk, an especially prominent conservative intellectual who, as Clinton Rossiter (himself a moderate conservative) wrote, has "begun to sound like a man born one hundred and fifty years too late and in the wrong country."
At this point in history, it is liberalism upon which such judgments are rendered. And understandably so. It is liberalism that is now bookless and dying. The most penetrating thinker of the old liberalism, the Protestant theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, is virtually unknown in the circles within which he once spoke and listened, perhaps because he held a gloomy view of human nature. However gripping his illuminations, however much they may have been validated by history, liberals have no patience for such pessimism. So who has replaced Niebuhr, the once-commanding tribune to both town and gown? It's as if no one even tries to fill the vacuum. Here and there, of course, a university personage appears to assert a small didactic point and proves it with a vast and intricate academic apparatus. In any case, it is the apparatus that is designed to persuade, not the idea.
Ask yourself: Who is a truly influential liberal mind in our culture? Whose ideas challenge and whose ideals inspire? Whose books and articles are read and passed around? There's no one, really. What's left is the laundry list: the catalogue of programs (some dubious, some not) that Republicans aren't funding, and the blogs, with their daily panic dose about how the Bush administration is ruining the country.
Europe is also making the disenchanting journey from social democracy, but via a different route. Its elites had not foreseen that a virtually unchecked Muslim immigration might hijack the welfare state and poison the postwar culture of relative tolerance that supported its politics. To the contrary, Europe's leftist elites lulled the electorates into a false feeling of security that the new arrivals were simply doing the work that unprecedented low European birth rates were leaving undone. No social or cultural costs were to be incurred. Transaction closed. Well, it was not quite so simple. And, while the workforce still needs more workers, the economies of Europe have been dragged down by social guarantees to large families who do not always have a wage-earner in the house. So, even in the morally self-satisfied Scandinavian and Low Countries, the assuring left-wing bromides are no longer believed.
he conflict between right and left in the United States is different. What animates American conservatism is the future of the regulatory state and the trajectory of federalism. The conservatives have not themselves agreed on how far they want to retract either regulation or the authority of the national government. These are not axiomatic questions for them, as can be seen by their determined and contravening success last week in empowering not the states against Washington but Washington against the states in the area of tort law. As Jeffrey Rosen has pointed out in these pages, many of these issues will be fought out in the courts. But not all. So a great national debate will not be avoided.
Liberals have reflexes on these matters, and these reflexes put them in a defensive posture. But they have not yet conducted an honest internal conversation that assumes from the start that the very nature of the country has changed since the great New Deal reckoning. Surely there are some matters on which the regulatory state can relax. Doubtless also there are others that can revert to the states. Still, liberals know that the right's ideologically framed--but class-motivated--retreat of the government from the economy must be resisted. There will simply be too many victims left on the side of the road.
At the same time, U.S. politics has not yet confronted a phenomenon that has been on the front page of the international financial press for years. This is the dizzying specter of economic competition from China, whose hold on U.S. Treasury bonds leaves the dollar vulnerable to a tremendous decline should China decide to sell them. (There is a new model of society emerging before our eyes: a most rapacious capitalist economy under a most pitiless communist political tyranny.) The industrialized states of Europe and, predictably, Japan are battening down their hatches rather than admitting to the challenge from China. But China will not go away.
There is also a rapacious capitalism in our own country. Of course, it is not as brutalizing as it is in China. But it is demoralizing and punishing. Moreover, it threatens its own ethical foundations. The great achievement of U.S. capitalism was that it became democratic, and the demos could place reasonable trust in its institutions. The very extent of stockholding through mutual funds, pension funds, and individual holdings is a tribute to the reliability of the market makers, the corporations themselves, and their guarantors. We now know that much of this confidence was misplaced and that some of the most estimable companies and financial institutions were cooking the books and fixing the odds for the favored. Eliot Spitzer has taught us a great lesson in our vulnerability. Many individual corporations, investment banks, stock brokerages, insurance companies, auditors, and, surely, lawyers who vetted their contracts and other arrangements were complicit in violating the public trust. What does a certification of a financial report by an accounting firm actually prove when each of the Big Four (formerly the Big Five) has been culpable of unethical behavior on several counts? What has happened on Wall Street in the last few years would be tantamount to the doctors of the great teaching hospitals in the United States deciding in secret to abjure the Hippocratic Oath. For some reason, even liberals have been loath to confront this reality of the country's corporate and financial life. Yes, it is true that greed plays a role, even a creative role, in economic progress. Still, greed need not go unbridled. What is a responsible liberal for if he doesn't take on this task?
iberals like to blame their political consultants. But then, if you depend on consultants for your motivating ideas, you are nowhere. So let's admit it: The liberals are themselves uninspired by a vision of the good society--a problem we didn't have 30 years ago. For several years, the liberal agenda has looked and sounded like little more than a bookkeeping exercise. We want to spend more, they less. In the end, the numbers do not clarify; they confuse. Almost no one can explain any principle behind the cost differences. But there are grand matters that need to be addressed, and the grandest one is what we owe each other as Americans. People who are voluntarily obliged to each other across classes and races, professions and ethnicities, tend to trust each other, like a patient his doctor and a student her teacher. It is not easy to limn out such a vision practically. But we have it in our bones.
In our bones or not, it is an exacting and long-time task. It's much easier, more comfortable, to do the old refrains. You can easily rouse a crowd when you get it to sing, "We Shall Overcome." One of the tropes that trips off the tongues of American liberals is the civil rights theme of the '60s. Another is that U.S. power is dangerous to others and dangerous to us. This is also a reprise from the '60s, the late '60s. Virtue returns, it seems, merely by mouthing the words.
One of the legacies of the '60s is liberal idealism about race. But that discussion has grown particularly outmoded in the Democratic Party. African Americans and Caribbean Americans (the differences between them another largely unspoken reality) have made tremendous strides in their education, in social mobility, in employment, in housing, and in politics as images and realities in the media. Even the gap in wealth accumulation between whites and blacks has begun to narrow, and, on this, even tremendous individual achievement over one generation cannot compensate for the accumulated advantages of inherited money over two or three generations. Still, the last 30 years separate two worlds. The statistics prove it. And this, too, we know in our bones.
But, in the Democratic Party, among liberals, the usual hustlers are still cheered. Jesse Jackson is still paid off, mostly not to make trouble. The biggest insult to our black fellow citizens was the deference paid to Al Sharpton during the campaign. Early in the race, it was clear that he--like Carol Moseley Braun and Dennis Kucinich--was not a serious candidate. Yet he was treated as if he just might take the oath of office at the Capitol on January 20. In the end, he won only a handful of delegates. But he was there, speaking in near-prime time to the Democratic convention. Sharpton is an inciter of racial conflict. To him can be debited the fraudulent and dehumanizing scandal around Tawana Brawley (conflating scatology and sex), the Crown Heights violence between Jews and blacks, a fire in Harlem, the protests around a Korean grocery store in Brooklyn, and on and on. Yet the liberal press treats Sharpton as a genuine leader, even a moral one, the trickster as party statesman.
This patronizing attitude is proof positive that, as deep as the social and economic gains have been among African Americans, many liberals prefer to maintain their own time-honored patronizing position vis-à-vis "the other," the needy. This is, frankly, in sharp contrast to President Bush, who seems not to be impeded by race difference (and gender difference) in his appointments and among his friends. Maybe it is just a generational thing, and, if it is that, it is also a good thing. But he may be the first president who apparently does not see individual people in racial categories or sex categories. White or black, woman or man, just as long as you're a conservative. That is also an expression of liberation from bias.
t is more than interesting that liberals have so much trouble recontextualizing race in the United States. It is, to move to the point, pathetic. And it leaves work undone. In Justice Sandra Day O'Connor's majority opinion in Grutter v. Bollinger (the Michigan affirmative action case), she wrote that the Court assumed that, in 25 years, there will no longer be a need for affirmative action. Unless things change quickly, she will be completely off the mark. Nearly two years have passed since that ruling and virtually nothing has been done to make sure that children of color--and other children, too, since the crisis in our educational system cuts across race and class--are receiving a different and better type of schooling, in science and in literacy, than those now coming into our colleges. This is not about Head Start. This is about a wholesale revamping of teaching and learning. The conservatives have their ideas, and many of them are good, such as charter schools and even vouchers. But give me a single liberal idea with some currency, even a structural notion, for transforming the elucidation of knowledge and thinking to the young. You can't.
This leaves us with the issue of U.S. power, the other leftover from the '60s. It is true: American liberals no longer believe in the axiomatic virtue of revolutions and revolutionaries. But let's face it: It's hard to get a candid conversation going about Cuba with one. The heavily documented evidence of Fidel Castro's tyranny notwithstanding, he still has a vestigial cachet among us. After all, he has survived Uncle Sam's hostility for more than 45 years. And, no, the Viet Cong didn't really exist. It was at once Ho Chi Minh's pickax and bludgeon in the south. Pose this question at an Upper West Side dinner party: What was worse, Nazism or Communism? Surely, the answer will be Nazism ... because Communism had an ideal of the good. This, despite the fact that communist revolutions and communist regimes murdered ever so many more millions of innocents and transformed the yearning of many idealists for equality into the brutal assertion of evil, a boot stamping on the human face forever.
Peter Beinart has argued, also in these pages ("A Fighting Faith," December 13, 2004), the case for a vast national and international mobilization against Islamic fanaticism and Arab terrorism. It is typologically the same people who wanted the United States to let communism triumph--in postwar Italy and Greece, in mid-cold war France and late-cold war Portugal--who object to U.S. efforts right now in the Middle East. You hear the schadenfreude in their voices--you read it in their words--at our troubles in Iraq. For months, liberals have been peddling one disaster scenario after another, one contradictory fact somehow reinforcing another, hoping now against hope that their gloomy visions will come true.
I happen to believe that they won't. This will not curb the liberal complaint. That complaint is not a matter of circumstance. It is a permanent affliction of the liberal mind. It is not a symptom; it is a condition. And it is a condition related to the desperate hopes liberals have vested in the United Nations. That is their lodestone. But the lodestone does not perform. It is not a magnet for the good. It performs the magic of the wicked. It is corrupt, it is pompous, it is shackled to tyrants and cynics. It does not recognize a genocide when the genocide is seen and understood by all. Liberalism now needs to be liberated from many of its own illusions and delusions. Let's hope we still have the strength.
Karl Marx.
Both of whom were more prominent and thoughtful than any liberal thinker of the same era.
And I would add Ronald Reagan to the conservative intellectual circle, even back in the 1960s. In fact he is the giant among them all.
Very interesting. Apparently, some liberals -- a very few -- are capable of honest self-appraisal.
Meanwhile, the majority of liberals appoint Dr. Dean head of their political party ... the guy who said, "I hate Republicans and I hate everything they stand for" ... and openly proclaim their hatred of President Bush.
At least we know which is indeed the party of hate.
Good article.
Why is it that al Sharpton, every bit as racist as David Duke, continues to get equal treatment in the press?
And yet the ideas of Russell Kirk, or more accurately, his analysis of the ideas of others compounded with his own insights, resonate today with a whole new generation of conservatives.
What's old is made new again, while the stale, obsolete ideas of the "progressive" movement are embarrassingly out of date, kind of like an over-the-hill former cheerleader who insists on wearing the clothes from her salad days. Problem is, what looked good on a supple 18-year-old in 1960 just looks silly on a sagging grandmother in 2005.
The rest of the world grew up. The Left didn't.
That is an extremely limited view. There is also Lenin. Stalin. Trotsky. Mao.
Sorry, I stand corrected.
It's nice to see a liberal giving Bush credit in this area, though of course the then dives into the "we still need Affirmative Action" spiel.
I think the whole point of this article is sound but he gives no real solutions, and should not. You can't plan where a party is going to end up after everything falls apart, but I think many DU-MoveOn-Deaniacs are so sick of being losers they will be unwilling to back a Dem who will be almost as bad (to them) as Bush, and will create a new Progressive Democrat party or something--maybe even a Green party of some substance. Problem is it's going to take at least a couple decades to get anywhere electorally so that winning a presidency is going to have meaningful support in congress and the state level.
Ward Churchill?
I agree. I knew Dr. Kirk, and no liberal writer except, perhaps, the before mentioned Niebuhr was in his league.
Kirk wrote excellent short stories, too.
How about this - liberal secular humanism is just wrong. Wrong ethically, historically, ontologically, culturally, spiritually, and psychologically. It is a war against nature, the nature of man, and God. It can never work because it goes directly against the needs and true ends of man. It creates false images and false hopes. It derails civilization from the noblest ideals and virtues of humanity. It reduces man to the level of an animal and then sets about caging him in in an artificial social engineering zoo.
Its getting late. Bump for later reading.
A Good Start.
The vibrant, rough-and-tumble but generally civil discussions here on Free Republic and elsewhere between conservatives, libertarians, etc. is a sign of the health and vigor of "the right."
An indication that the left is getting past the politics of hate and emotion would be the success of similarly robust and thoughtful sites discussing and debating the day's events from their world view.
Certainly DU ain't it.
The vast majority of the public doesn't realize that the labels "liberal" and "conservative" don't mean what they did 30 years ago. Today, it's the "liberals" who trample over freedom, in their zeal to have an ordered society where no one smokes, no one overeats, and no one says anything which might remotely offend anyone. It's the "conservatives" who'll light your smoke for you, tell an off-color joke once in awhile, and throw barbecues featuring fat hamburgers and intoxicating cocktails.
Most of the public, which doesn't pay as much attention to these things as we do, still believes the "liberals" are the free-wheeling, fun-loving bunch, rather than the stormtroopers they are at heart. We "conservatives" need to educate them. At our next barbecue.
Well, yes, there is that that the Left needs to get past, too. . .
I would love nothing more than to see the dem party split between the far left (greenies/Move-on types) and the "moderates". Their malfeasance has earned them 50 years in the wilderness.
I would actually like the opportunity to ask the author, 'what does it mean to be a 'liberal'?
My perspective is that political philosophy is rooted in the more foundational aspects of philosophy. Metaphysics and epistemology give rise to ethics and aesthetics, and ethics gives rise to group ethics/politics. The conservative movement is rooted in Judeo-Christian philosophy. The left is rooted in Kantian philosophy and its communist extensions.
My take is that the author bought all of the touchy feely propaganda designed to simultaneously mask and advance communism without ever realising what it all really meant. Now it seems he has seen his entire perspective stripped of its veneer, and he realizes that he is either a communist, which he has been telling himself for years he isn't and is an obviously failed ideology, or he is nothing. He is staring into both the mirror and the abyss at the same time.
well said.
I really believe that's in the air. The internet is fuelling the idea that these far lefties are not alone in their beliefs, that there are millions of fellow travellers out there. Before they would mope around the public library, noticing the reading copy of The Nation is always in pristine, unread shape when they went to read it. Now they think they are an untapped force of elites who just know so much better than The Masses. And it's time for them to rise up and blah blah blah.
You are correct. Thomas Jefferson and some of the other founders may have been the creators of enlightened liberalism (in the US anyway). But the modern liberal in no way resembles that vision; conservatives do.
It's a democracy. Such a snob. Reminds me of Koppel's put down of Kucinich during a debate that he wasn't a "serious" candidate. Sharpton had a special advantage - he seemed to be the only coherent one.
Is DU the #1 liberal posting site? Are there any FR-like sites for the left that are a little more normal? (Or dare I say, moderate/conservative democrat?)
If anyone knows of any you can FReepmail me with the sites so we don't give them publicity. :P
I'd take Sharpton over Kerry as President any day of the week. That says boatloads about my regard for the Quisling from Mass.
I think that was really my point. As far as I know, there isn't a real Leftist alternative to FR. About the only site I know about that has halfway reasonable leftie discussions is Strauss & Howe's fourthturning.com. Even that is only palatable in small doses.
Wow, how did *that* get published in New Republic?
The author is the poobah editor, that's how.
When the left saw the same thing, they took the plunge into irrationalism - the old holdout of the European far right - deliberately. Worshipping foreign tyrants as "authentic", getting hot and bothered for Nietzche and his later French publicists, identity politics, the worship of youth rather than learning, slumming and waht Arendt called the "backstairs literature" of conspiracy - all of them were tropes of the irrationalist European far right when they had no reasonable arguments left. The left went for them the instant the old anti-communist wing of the party imploded.
The new left never had ideas on its side. It had sophistry and rhetoric and attitude. All of it borrowed from failed European radicalism of an earlier generation. Orwell, Koestler, and Arendt despised that radicalism, looked on it as a disease, a flight from reality. The new left was never about anything else. The cultural heights lost, they decided to fight on in the sewers.
For a while that gave them a certain catchet, it let them take over university departments in the humanities and social sciences for instance. But they took them over as a wrecking crew, not as thinkers. As soon as that was done, there was nothing to attract the young to the same old sophistry, so clearly empty and tired. Denouncing the patriarchy doesn't go very far with a young woman who has never met her father. Assailing privilege from positions of tenured comfort isn't very convincing, and radical relativist skepticism says nothing to young people who have literally never even encountered the belief in objective truth.
What are the great wits of the left up to these days? Recycled conspiracy crap, apologies for the most inhuman tyrants, antisemitism, thought police, a veneer of nature worship over crass self indulgence, partisanship without bounds, party directed hatred - look closely. That's Weimar. And not the Weimar of the left.
Well put.
You related to Darkwolf377?
. It does not recognize a genocide when the genocide is seen and understood by all. Liberalism now needs to be liberated from many of its own illusions and delusions. Let's hope we still have the strength.
That would be the 45 million killed by liberal abortion.
Poor democrats, that would have been almost enough to
win the last election. Almost.
Yikes. For a multi-millionaire stock broker Peretz sounds like Arthur Miller at his most humorless and despondent. His Death of a Salesman shtick is getting funnier. Prior to the election in Nov. he wrote how much he disliked and saw through that phony Kerry but his rag, of which he is publisher, supported Kerry editorially. The whole bunch at the New Republic are just a bunch of incestuous, disappointed old lefties wondering what went wrong and why everybody ain't as smart as they. Occasionally they leave NYC to visit Europe but have no idea what the US is really about.
Clearly liberalism has no lack of words.
Just ideas.
And why isn't he offering up his own vision of where his beloved party needs to go? Tough to travel the road when you do not have a destination. The socialism and communism they admired has failed, so there is no longer a rudder to steer the party. Their boat just drifts in smaller and smaller circles.
Marty Peretz owns The New Republic.
He can say what he wants...
No :)
1.A friend of my wife gave her a subscription to the New Republic and I felt it a duty to skim through it weekly rather than toss it in the can. Sheer torture. What came through was their inchoate longing for a return to the first days of the revolution where they could set things right and everybody would be singing from the same proletarian song book. Oh, if Trotsky were still here they cry.
2.A few weeks ago Peter Beinart(the Editor) tried to outline a plan for the party (Democrat not SWP) but as Limbaugh says they cannot really say what they are or what they are for. It is the perfect neurosis. They know they are evil and dare not admit it, even to themselves.
Pose this question at an Upper West Side dinner party: What was worse, Nazism or Communism? Surely, the answer will be Nazism ... because Communism had an ideal of the good. This, despite the fact that communist revolutions and communist regimes murdered ever so many more millions of innocents and transformed the yearning of many idealists for equality into the brutal assertion of evil, a boot stamping on the human face forever.
Ain't too many liberals who will admit that.
Peter Beinart has argued, also in these pages ("A Fighting Faith," December 13, 2004), the case for a vast national and international mobilization against Islamic fanaticism and Arab terrorism. It is typologically the same people who wanted the United States to let communism triumph--in postwar Italy and Greece, in mid-cold war France and late-cold war Portugal--who object to U.S. efforts right now in the Middle East. You hear the schadenfreude in their voices--you read it in their words--at our troubles in Iraq. For months, liberals have been peddling one disaster scenario after another, one contradictory fact somehow reinforcing another, hoping now against hope that their gloomy visions will come true.
Or that.
I happen to believe that they won't. This will not curb the liberal complaint. That complaint is not a matter of circumstance. It is a permanent affliction of the liberal mind. It is not a symptom; it is a condition. And it is a condition related to the desperate hopes liberals have vested in the United Nations. That is their lodestone. But the lodestone does not perform. It is not a magnet for the good. It performs the magic of the wicked. It is corrupt, it is pompous, it is shackled to tyrants and cynics. It does not recognize a genocide when the genocide is seen and understood by all.
Good Lord, the man is a heretic.
Liberalism now needs to be liberated from many of its own illusions and delusions. Let's hope we still have the strength.
I would hope so too. We could use some honest liberals. But as my newspaper friend told me, the cure for the Vietnam liberalism that infests the Dems is nothing short of death. They are not going to change. Which means the Dems still have several decades left of roaming in the wilderness, until they are gone.
Thanks for the ping.
This is the heart of liberalism. Their undying belief that people are generally too stupid to take care of themselves, and that collectivism is the natural order of things. I remember watching a Bill Clinton speech a few years ago and he lamented that the republicans were going to leave people to "fend for themselves." I yelled at the TV, "Some people call that freedom, you moron!"
I find it amazing that the left today is struggling to find their core belief system, their message. If they are so opposed to conservatism, which stands for the private property rights and the power of the free market, which requires less taxation, less regulation and less litigation, then surely it should be obvious to them that they are for the opposite ... MORE taxation, MORE regulation, and MORE litigation and less private property rights. But they can't face that fact because they know it's an electoral loser. So they have to find a different message that will enable them to regain power without having to tell the voters who they are.
I don't believe he's saying "we still need Affirmative Action". Instead, he's saying "we need better public education".
Nearly two years have passed since that ruling and virtually nothing has been done to make sure that children of color--and other children, too, since the crisis in our educational system cuts across race and class--are receiving a different and better type of schooling, in science and in literacy, than those now coming into our colleges. This is not about Head Start. This is about a wholesale revamping of teaching and learning. The conservatives have their ideas, and many of them are good, such as charter schools and even vouchers. But give me a single liberal idea with some currency, even a structural notion, for transforming the elucidation of knowledge and thinking to the young. You can't.
I believe we conservatives would agree with Peretz in every regard. In fact, he's giving us credit for having the ideas. And attacking liberals, sotto voce, for their slavish obeisance to the teachers' unions and urban 'special interests'.
I appreciate his optimism.
"People who are voluntarily obliged to each other across classes and races, professions and ethnicities, tend to trust each other"
Voluntarily being the operative word here.
"That complaint is not a matter of circumstance. It is a permanent affliction of the liberal mind."
Bears repeating.
He's merely saying conservatives have ideas, not that he agrees with them...or he'd have SAID that.
This is the great divide between modern liberals and classical liberals, because, IMO, the current labels of conservative and liberal do not apply here, given the recent fondness of the GOP for large-scale federal educational initiatives. The modern liberal sees this divide as something you can throw laws and money at to change. The classical liberal realizes that most of the problem is cultural - and that just ain't a black problem, it's a big problem with white kids as well (I know, I used to be one). The youth peer culture disparages kids who try to achieve - except for Asians, where the kids do the opposite. And gee golly whiz, guess who is kicking fanny in the educational arena?
So how do you address that issue if you are a modern liberal? Well, you spend more tax dollars and mandate tests to determine ... that Asian kids are still kicking fanny.
Changing attitudes is the hardest thing for a government to do. And with the no-fault mentality of modern liberalism, it becomes impossible to even try, because you are then making a judgement on the relative merits of cultures. And that's a big no-no. Which is something the author didn't even touch upon.
Wow, a thoughtful liberal. Look quick. They're almost extinct.
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Howard Simon's Blog
Bills Mutiny on Offense?
by Howard Simon
posted Nov 26 2012 12:00AM
When it appears all hope for a particular season is lost, some times dirty laundry gets aired in public. It appears some of the Bills dirty laundry was put on display after Sunday's 20-13 loss to the Indianapolis Colts.
Wide receiver Stevie Johnson, who recorded his first 100 yard game since last December, questioned the play calling and control of the offense by Head Coach Chan Gailey.
"How I see it is I think we need to let our quarterback call these plays you know what I mean?" Johnson said to reporters in the visitors lockerroom at Lucas Oil Stadium. "He's out there on the field, he sees the adjustments that need to be done and I think we should just let him make the adjustments on the go. I think that's how we can move the ball better. He did it a little in the game and we moved the ball so that's how I feel about it".
Johnson didn't stop there. "This year has been like the only year where it has been controlled from the booth or the sideline or whatever, but we got the right guy that can control the offense and we have to take advantage of that" Johnson said. "The play calling is cool the plays are good what we have but in the situation, we're the ones on the field you know what I mean? He(Ryan Fitzpatrick) knows what to check into, check out of you know what I mean? Its different when you're looking from the booth and see ok they may be in this from being out there you know what I mean? So, that's just my take on it."
More from Stevie: "I think we have the guy that can control the offense that can call these plays and be a general on the field like he's been for the last couple of years. We need to let him loose and let him just call plays"
During his Monday morning segment on WGR, Gailey was asked whether or not Fitzpatrick has the freedom to call audibles. "Some times he does, some times he doesn't" Gailey said. "He can go out there and change some things. It depends on the situation and the play and what we're trying to do. Some times the thing we're trying to do is run the football, we don't want to change it to a pass."
Gailey was asked why Fitzpatrick doesn't have complete freedom when it comes to changing a play based on what he sees before the snap. "If you ended up doing that every time, then he has to know every situation about pass protection" Gailey told WGR. "He has to know how many times you want C.J. Spiller to get the ball. He has to know do you want to run it here to set up third down? You've thrown it a couple of times, he has to know "lets run the football here". There's a lot more to it than just seeing what they do and calling a play. It's setting up a play to set up the next play. Fitz is really good, he is smart. He can make adjustments on the field and sees things and knows what's going on but we're doing things today just like we did them last year and the year before that. We have been successful in times past. We just need to continue to execute in all phases of what we're trying to get done and then we can get back to where we've been offensively."
During Fitzpatrick's Monday morning segment on WGR, he was asked if he feels he has less control over the offense now as opposed to the last two seasons. "No, I don't think so. Chan does a great job during the week, going back and forth with the input that I have" Fitzpatrick said. "Plays I feel comfortable with, plays I don't feel comfortable with. There's some leeway at the line of scrimmage with a decent amount of plays and some there's not, just like in any offense."
Fitzpatrick, who said he hasn't spoken with Johnson about the post game remarks, was then asked what he thought of the comments from Johnson and why he might feel there's more control coming from the sidelines this season. "We're trying to get the ball to CJ and Fred and they've done such a great job too" the Bills QB said. "Last year and the year before, we may have done a little more of the no huddle and up tempo stuff to try and spark us and get us going a little bit. When that happens, Fred and CJ tend to not get as many touches and I think that's probably part of the reason why we've gone that way this year."
As to the control of the offense, Fitzpatrick said he has no problems with Gailey in that area. "Chan and I have a great understanding of each other and what we're trying to get done. I'm very comfortable with my role in the offense and I think our relationship is fine in terms of on the field and our discussions on the sideline."
The full interviews with Johnson, Gailey and Fitzpatrick are available in On Demand Audio.
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Skip to comments.German soldiers preserved in World War I shelter discovered after nearly 100 years
Posted on 02/14/2012 5:49:12 AM PST by Mikey_1962
The men were part of a larger group of 34 who were buried alive when an Allied shell exploded above the tunnel in 1918 causing it to cave in. Thirteen bodies were recovered from the underground shelter but the remaining men had to be left under a mountain of mud as it was too dangerous to retrieve them. Nearly a century later French archaeologists stumbled upon the mass grave on the former Western Front during excavation work for a road building project. Many of the skeletal remains were found in the same positions the men had been in at the time of the collapse, prompting experts to liken the scene to Pompeii. A number of the soldiers were discovered sitting upright on a bench, one was lying in his bed and another was in the foetal position having been thrown down a flight of stairs. Related Articles 'World War One Pompeii' 10 Feb 2012 As well as the bodies, poignant personal effects such as boots, helmets, weapons, wine bottles, spectacles, wallets, pipes, cigarette cases and pocket books were also found. Even the skeleton of a goat was found, assumed to be a source of fresh milk for the soldiers. Archaeologists believe the items were so well preserved because hardly any air, water or lights had penetrated the trench. The 300ft long tunnel was located 18ft beneath the surface near the small town of Carspach in the Alsace region in France. Michael Landolt, the archaeologist leading the dig, said: "It's a bit like Pompeii. "Everything collapsed in seconds and is just the way it was at the time. "Here, as in Pompeii, we found the bodies as they were at the moment of their death. "Some of the men were found in sitting positions on a bench, others lying down.
(Excerpt) Read more at telegraph.co.uk ...
7:34am CST
Pretty fascinating. They'll probably never run out of buried World War I artifacts in France and Belgium given the magnitude of what went on there.
Pickelhaube. Unless I missed a joke.
Unlikely. By 1918, the standard helmet was the stahlhelm - the German "coal scuttle."
In any case, pickelhauben were usually made out of hard leather. They would have been in pretty bad shape after nearly a century in the dirt. Nothing would have been left except the furniture (brass).
Poor guys. Hope it was quick.
According to the article, even leather items were well preserved here. I don't know how water was excluded from the site for a century but it apparently was.
All really quiet on the western front.
Yeah! /sarc
I guess this would be a German version of the Trench of Bayonets.
Cool. Then, if there was a pickelhaube, it would be preserved. Still, its pretty unlikely.
Water would in some circumstances actually aid in preservation, especially if the burial was in mud. The fine mud seals out oxygen. Water itself can be deoxygenated, and then also acts like a sealant, keeping atmospheric oxygen away from the artifacts.
World War I was a total disaster, and never should have been allowed to happen. Britain especially had no excuse for getting involved. The result was that hundreds of thousands of young men were killed, and a generation depleted. The loss of morale effected every participating country. Good governments were destroyed, so that in their place socialist dictatorships could arise. More wars then followed. All this was unnecessary.
The leaders of those days were total fools to let this happen. And we see little sign that modern leaders are any smarter.
Yep....horrifying to even contemplate the hell these young men were going through when they met their demise:
The true meaning of W. Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is WAR: This is what WAR is.
No one even knew what the WAR was about. The two young people in the drama, caught in the tide of history, didn't care a whit what it was about. And the outcome--in Shakespeare's beautiful drama and in real life--is always tragic.
My sister visited France in the '70s and went out to Verdun. The farmers there were still plowing up duds and every year or so a couple got killed when they hit a live one.
Its a joke for a buddy who ALWAYS screws up the German language to a point that nobody knows what he is trying to say.
Ironically he is working in Germany now, and lurks in FR on a regular basis.
God help the engineers at TRW in Germany.
What is the difference between these guys and Oetzi the Iceman? Is it because we don't know their names that we give them a proper Christian burial and we stick Oetzi in a padlocked freezer?
——What is the difference between these guys and Oetzi the Iceman? Is it because we dont know their names that we give them a proper Christian burial and we stick Oetzi in a padlocked freezer?——
This is a pet peeve of mine. I chalk it up to evolutionary theory. Some humans are worth less than others.
But who is worth less? I think it is the guys getting buried because there is nobody studying every inch of their bodies.
I disagree. The ancient people are seen as worthless, except as a means to satisfy some scientist's morbid curiosity.
I hate the National Geographic treatment of buried ancients. Let's dig them up and put them on display! It's degrading and anti-human.
I would find it honorable if some society 10,000 years in the future found my burial place, exhumed, dissected, catalouged and then stored my body to get a more accurate picture of their history. Sign me up!
I visited the Trench of Bayonets in 82, my pictures show a lot more of the rifle barrel projecting from the ground. My father, who visited it with me, commented that sooner or later all the barrels would rust away.
"...Trench of Bayonets..."
That was at Verdun, if I remember correctly. Pretty gruesome.
The German Landsers and French Poilus beat the living hell out of each other over that ground.
Read "The Price of Glory" by Alistair Horne several years ago - talks about the Trench of the Bayonets in there.
The most chilling thing, to me, is that he interviewed General Falkenhayn (I think it was during the late 50s of early 60s), the German commander, and the man calmly smoked his pipe as he spoke of the deaths of literally millions of Germans and French, and said that Verdun had no strategic value other than "to bleed the French white"; and the ironic thing is that it also bled the Germans white as well. They lost nearly as many people as the French did.
I read an article in MHQ some years back called "Verdun: The Haunted Woods" or something to that effect. Said that French farmers were STILL getting killed from all the unexploded ordnance in that area - running it over with tractors, plows, etc.
Tragedy for all involved.
When we visited the Verdun battlefield there were many warning signs not to wander off the marked paths becaused of unexploded ordinance. The French Army maintains an EOD team at Verdun.
The article mentions that the German soldiers were identified and efforts were being made to contact any family members.
Verdun was a tragic waste of life on both sides.
Joffre should have been horsewhipped; Falkenhayne should have been shot.
The Germans called that offensive "Operation Gericht" - "Place of Execution" or something to that effect. Apt name, I'd say.
And then there's the Brits - they lost 60,000 people on the first day of the Somme offensive. Charging sited, dug in Spandau and Maxim machine guns every thirty yards, tangle wire, craters, etc. They were destroyed coming out of the trench, "going over the top"...you have to wonder what those commanders were thinking sending men to be butchered like that.
My grandfather was a "Doughboy" in the Iron Division, otherwise known as the 28th Pennsylvania Infantry Division (the Bloody Bucket). He was in Meuse-Argonne and saw some heavy fighting there. Got pneumonia, and it plagued him for the rest of life till he died in 1935, from the flu.
RE French EOD Team: They'd have to, I guess - there were hundreds of thousands of artillery shells of all sizes lobbed into the area over the course of that battle. The ground had been turned into muck, and some of them just sank and did not explode.
One account I'd read said that the bodies that they'd manage to bury would be thrown up and uncovered from the shelling, so after a while, the French just left them in the open. The poilus were getting hit with pieces of the bodies - "beefsteaks", they called them...grim humor.
Must have been a nightmare...an absolute, atrocious nightmare.
You're right, any of these German unknowns (and it's likely that there will be some) should be enshrined in Germany's unknown soldier monument, if they have one or more of those.
|GGG managers are SunkenCiv, StayAt HomeMother & Ernest_at_the_Beach
Thanks DCBryan1.
Well said.
I highly recommend "The Myth of the Great War", which is about the continued denial of high command stupidity by the British and (for a long while) the French. The propaganda about German casualty rates and losses being at a parity with that of the Allies is still believed and apparently still taught in British schools.
My Mother had an Uncle, my great uncle, Sgt. Herman Bremer, killed in action, and is buried in the US Military Cemetery at Bony. He was postumously awarded the Distinguised Service Cross, I have a copy of his citation at home.
The northeast of France today looks so peaceful and serene, it is hard to envision what it looked like 100 years ago. If you scan that area using google earth you can find military cemetery after militery cemetery.
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TIZIANA FABI/AFP/Getty Images
How much do you remember about the movie "Love Actually"? Test your romantic knowledge with this lovesick quiz.
Start Quiz »
You scored
0 out of 30
Question 1 of 30
When was the movie "Love Actually" released in the U.S.?
"Love Actually" was released in the U.S. on Nov. 14, 2003. The film was released in the U.K. on Nov. 21, 2003, and was the most-rented DVD in the U.K. in 2004.
Question 2 of 30
The film "Love Actually" opens with a voice-over from which character?
Billy Mack
David was recently elected prime minister and is the onscreen brother of Karen. At one point, he answers Karen's telephone call with a tongue-in-cheek reply: "I'm very busy and important. How can I help you?"
Question 3 of 30
True or false: "Love Actually" is rated PG-13.
"Love Actually" is rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Children under 17 are not admitted to a R-rated movie without an adult.
Question 4 of 30
Which actor played the character David in the movie?
Hugh Grant
Although Grant had appeared in television and movie roles for more than a decade, it is widely believed that the 1994 film "Four Weddings and a Funeral" made him an international star.
Colin Firth
Bill Nighy
Question 5 of 30
Which character says, "It's my favorite time of day, driving you"?
Jamie tells Aurelia this. Colin Firth played the character Jamie.
Question 6 of 30
Which actor played the president of the United States in the movie?
Billy Bob Thornton
Although he didn't receive industry accolades for his role in "Love Actually," Thornton won an Oscar in 1997 for best screenplay writing for the movie "Sling Blade."
Michael Douglas
Kevin Kline
Question 7 of 30
Which film studio produced "Love Actually"?
Universal Pictures
Universal Studios was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle.
21st Century Fox
Question 8 of 30
Which holiday serves as a backdrop of the film "Love Actually"?
The film happens around Christmas.
Question 9 of 30
Which "Love Actually" character releases a Christmas song?
Billy Mack
Billy Mack releases a Christmas song in hopes of boosting his fading musical career. The song is a version of the Troggs' hit "Love Is All Around."
Question 10 of 30
Which actor played the character Billy Mack in the movie "Love Actually"?
Gregor Fisher
Bill Nighy
Nighy is best known for his portrayal of Davy Jones in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" movie franchise.
Liam Neeson
Question 11 of 30
In the movie, the video for the song "Christmas Is All Around" is a copy of a video by which musical artist?
Robert Palmer
It's a copy of the Robert Palmer video for "Addicted to Love." The original Robert Palmer music video was ranked No. 3 on VH1's "Top 20 Videos of the 1980s."
Phil Collins
Elton John
Question 12 of 30
Which city is the primary setting for the movie?
The movie is mainly set in London.
New York City
Question 13 of 30
Which actor in the movie "Love Actually" is related to Hugh Grant in real life?
Martin Freeman
Alan Rickman
Thomas Sangster
Sangster is a real-life distant cousin of actor Hugh Grant. Sangster played the character Sam in the 2003 movie.
Question 14 of 30
Who directed the film "Love Actually"?
Richard Curtis
"Love Actually" is the directorial debut of Richard Curtis. Before directing the film, Curtis was best known for writing the screenplays of the movies "Notting Hill" and "Four Weddings and a Funeral."
Roger Michell
Mike Newell
Question 15 of 30
Which British comedian played the salesman Rufus in "Love Actually"?
Ricky Gervais
Rowan Atkinson
Atkinson is best known for his portrayal of Mr. Bean in a television series of the same name.
John Cleese
Question 16 of 30
Which character says, "I'll just be hanging around the mistletoe, hoping to be kissed"?
Actress Heike Makatsch played Mia.
Question 17 of 30
True or false: The budget of the movie "Love Actually" was $45 million.
The film "Love Actually" cost $45 million to make. The movie grossed more than $246 million worldwide.
Question 18 of 30
Which character discovers her husband is having an affair?
Karen discovers her husband, Harry, is having an affair.
Question 19 of 30
Which actress played the role of Karen in the movie "Love Actually"?
Keira Knightley
Laura Linney
Emma Thompson
While Thompson and Hugh Grant played brother and sister in the film, they co-starred as lovers in the 1995 film "Sense and Sensibility."
Question 20 of 30
Who does Harry have an affair with?
his sister-in-law
his secretary
Harry has an affair with his secretary, Mia.
his ex-wife
Question 21 of 30
Which actor played the character Harry in the movie?
Alan Rickman
The late Alan Rickman played the cheating husband Harry in the film "Love Actually." Rickman also played Severus Snape in the "Harry Potter" series.
Martin Freeman
Rodrigo Santoro
Question 22 of 30
Which London-area secondary school was used for filming the Nativity concert in the film "Love Actually"?
Norfolk House School
Holland Park
Elliott School
The Elliott School, which became Ark Putney Academy in 2012, is the alma mater of actor Pierce Brosnan.
Question 23 of 30
Which couple become engaged near the end of the film "Love Actually"?
Sarah and Karl
Jamie and Aurelia
Jamie and Aurelia get engaged. Lucia Moniz played the character Aurelia.
Mark and Juliet
Question 24 of 30
Which character's wife has died in the movie "Love Actually"?
Daniel has lost his wife and is now raising his stepson, Sam, on his own.
Question 25 of 30
Which actor played the character Daniel?
Martin Freeman
Andrew Lincoln
Liam Neeson
Liam Neeson played the widower Daniel in the movie. Neeson lost his real-life wife Natasha Richardson in 2009 as the result of a skiing accident.
Question 26 of 30
Which of the following was NOT an official tagline for "Love Actually"?
actually comedy
"Actually comedy" was not an official tagline for the movie.
Love actually is all around.
coming soon actually
Question 27 of 30
Which supermodel makes a cameo appearance near the end of the movie?
Kate Moss
Gisele Bundchen
Claudia Schiffer
For her one-minute cameo, Schiffer reportedly received roughly $300,000.
Question 28 of 30
Which character says, "American girls would seriously dig me with my cute British accent"?
Actor Kris Marshall played the character Colin Frissell.
Billy Mack
Question 29 of 30
True or false: The final scene of the movie "Love Actually" takes place in London's Gatwick Airport.
Heathrow Airport in London is the setting for the final scene.
Question 30 of 30
How many times is the word "actually" spoken in the movie?
The characters say the word "actually" 22 times.


text:
Taking a different Career Path
Advice from the
Biomedical Postdoctoral Council
Contributions by
Patrick P Rose, Ph.D.
Postdoctoral Researcher
Department of Microbiology
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
If you would take a poll of scientists in academia on what Career Tracks there are post-graduate, they will confidently list (1.) a tenure-track faculty position in Academia at various types of universities, or (2.) a job in industry. Rarely does anyone mention other career paths even though there are a wide variety of opportunities to pursue. Maybe it is because a certain stigma exists that anything other than an Assistant Professorship or a job in industry is considered subpar. Regardless, we are here to dispel this stigma and give you a chance to look beyond the beaten paths.
On the following pages, we will list all kinds of information regarding career opportunities beyond the Postdoc. You will find listings on (A.) a variety of opportunities at Penn you can take advantage of to add some depth to your resume, which will also allow you to get a peek (and real world experience) into different careers where you can apply your science/medical degree, (B.) different career paths that you might find interesting and suggestions as to how to go about moving into such a career path, and (C.) other useful resources to get you on your way.
This information is a dynamic set of resources, as information changes so will this document. To make this so dynamic, you can connect via the UPenn Biomedical Postdoc LinkedIN site, where you can post questions for fellow Postdocs, for example as to what they have done to pursue this or that career. We would also like to encourage you to share your experiences, reveal little tricks you figured out, provide suggestions and updates to resources you found here. Lastly, you will want to keep an eye on our Seminars and Workshops page because we will be inviting speakers to talk about the different career paths they have chosen, what they do, why they do it, and how they got there. Importantly, while it may appear that you are stuck in a specialized field with limited opportunities, do not despair. There are plenty of opportunities to build on an already successful career and we are here to make you aware of these opportunities.
Food For Thought
A recurring theme you will find throughout this site is that your approach towards moving into a different career path will be highly dependent on your current situation and your willingness to take lateral steps or steps backward in order to move forward. For example to get a foot into a new professional arena many times unpaid internships are the best way to go; however, someone with a family will be less likely and willing to take an unpaid internship because he/she still has to provide for their family, versus someone who is single. No matter how you are willing to accomplish your goal, we will try to list as many opportunities as there are available that are tailored to your situation. Some opportunities will be easier to attain compared to others, and we will try to reveal all the tips and tricks we have heard about. Our goal is to provide you with the recommendations and first-hand experience to make it easier for you to succeed.
How to go about using the Information
Below we have broken down all the information into four categories: Career Paths, Opportunities at Penn, Professional Societies, and Additional Readings. Each will contain some general information, our take and advice pertaining to the specific category, followed by list of opportunities with links and short descriptions. The short descriptions should give you a general idea of what each opportunity has to offer. The direct link will take you to the respective website with contains more detail. It should be noted that many of these places, but not all, require US citizenship, something you should be aware of before applying.


text:
- Availablity:
- World
- Genre:
- Blues
- Label:
- Ace Records
- Format:
- Catalogue Id:
The biggest name in blues, BB King's international achievements, from the late 60s on, helped pave the way for similar crossover successes for artists like John Lee Hooker, Albert King, Buddy Guy and Robert Cray. BB's success, of course, wasn't an overnight affair. It was a mixture of business acumen, hard work (he still tours relentlessly), receptiveness to new ideas, dignity against all odds and, last but not least, the fact he is a genius! "My Sweet Little Angel" gathers together diamond-bright RPM and Kent sides from the late 50s including the original hit versions of "Sweet Little Angel", "Crying Won't Help You" and a perennial B B favourite "Ten Long Years". Bursting with ideas, these records capture all the changes happening in late 50s blues- the searing vocals, intense guitar lines, horn-laden band sounds with wailing saxophone and trumpet incursions, the improvisatory ideas borrowed from jazz. BB distilled this sound perfectly and by the 60s was a major black star in the USA though virtually unknown in the white America of the time. These early records became cult classics in England, fuelling the 60s blues boom and influencing guitarists like Peter Green, Eric Clapton and Jeff Beck. BB toured the UK and Europe on the back of this acclaim, began to move in rock circles and finally hit with the aforementioned Grammy Award winning "Thrill Is Gone". "My Sweet Little Angel" offers BB in his prime-tearing it up with wonderful guitar work, the band of Maxwell Davis and a voice so achingly blue it hurts. The Blues is King! [Remastered from original analogue master tapes.]


text:
Prolonged Sleep May Be Early Warning Sign of Dementia
February 22, 2017
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is cancer of a type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. These cells are found in the bone marrow and other parts of the body. Bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of bones that helps form all blood cells.
CLL causes a slow increase in a certain type of white blood cells called B lymphocytes, or B cells. Cancer cells spread through the blood and bone marrow. CLL can also affect the lymph nodes or other organs such as the liver and spleen. CLL eventually can cause the bone marrow to lose its function.
Recent findings and perspectives on medical research.
How can people with cancer make sure they are receiving the best treatment?
CLL; Leukemia - chronic lymphocytic (CLL)
The cause of CLL is unknown. There is no link to radiation. It is not clear whether certain chemicals cause CLL. But exposure to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War has been linked to an increased risk of getting CLL.
CLL usually affects older adults, especially those older than age 60. Persons under age 45 rarely get it. CLL is more common in whites than in other ethnic groups. It is more common in men than in women. Some persons with CLL have family members with the disease.
Symptoms usually develop slowly. CLL is often found by blood tests done in people for other reasons or who do not have any symptoms.
Symptoms of CLL include:
Patients with CLL usually have a high white blood cell count.
Tests to diagnose CLL include:
If your doctor discovers you have CLL, tests will be done to see how much the cancer has spread. This is called staging.
Tests that look at changes in DNA inside the cancer cells may also be done. Results from these tests can from staging tests help your doctor determine your treatment.
If you have early stage CLL, your doctor will monitor you closely. Usually, no medicines or other treatment is given for early-stage CLL, unless you have:
Chemotherapy medicines are used to treat CLL. Your doctor will determine which ones are right for you.
In rare cases, radiation is used for painful and enlarged lymph nodes.
Blood transfusions or platelet transfusions may be required if blood counts are low.
Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation may be used in younger patients with advanced or high-risk CLL. A transplant is the only therapy that offers a potential cure for CLL.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone.
How well a patient does depends on the stage of the cancer. About half of patients diagnosed in the early stages of CLL live more than 12 years.
Call health care provider if you develop enlarged lymph nodes or unexplained fatigue, bruising, excessive sweating, or weight loss.
Kantarjian H, O'Brien S. The chronic leukemias. In: Goldman L, SchaferAI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine . 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 190.
Lin TS, Awan FT, Byrd JC. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ Jr, Silberstein LE, et al., eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 76.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Version 1.2013. Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf. Accessed January 2, 2013.


text:
LifeStride Countess Wedge Pump
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Top Definition
an expression used by disgruntled cat owners with a lisp, your when the cat pees on your clothing/the flowerpot/the patio, etc.
"this smells like kit piss"
"the kit pissed in my shoe"
"the kit pissed in my shoe"
by Alissa 7456 February 07, 2007
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Channel | updated March 08, 2016
MIT biologists are deeply engaged in both fundamental research and its applications. The department promotes a highly collaborative environment that allows for a free exchange of ideas across research areas and academic disciplines. The result is a rigorous, creative, dynamic culture in which scientists and students tackle the important problems and questions in biology and related fields. Our location at the heart of one of the world's most important biotech/pharma hubs creates exciting opportunities for research, employment, and the commercialization of new discoveries.