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By COREY BLUEMELStaff Writer
Emery County Economic Development Director Marc Stilson informed Orangeville City council members that an education council has been assembled and their duty is to address the areas that traditional schooling does not address. Several educational camps will be held this summer for students in several different subjects and ages groups.
One camp will be an arts camp for children in grades 1-6, and for grades 7-9, a science camp will be held. The camp for high school aged students will be held at the College of Eastern Utah and will be paleontology based. The course will consist of a 5 day camp with quarry excavation and field trips, a total of four nights camping at a quarry site Southeastern Utah. Students are responsible for supplying all necessary camping equipment. Transportation is provided to and from the camp. They are hoping to have scholarships available to help those students wishing to attend, with the cost of the camps.
The economic development council is also putting together incentive packages for new businesses who wish to locate in Emery County, and also for existing businesses that wish to expand. Beginning next month, the economic development council will be visiting with each city to inquire about anything that particular city would want to add into the packages.
Cathy Sitterud, from the American Cancer Society's Relay for Life introduced Barbara Moore who is the county chairman for this year's Relay to be held at Emery High School July 8-9. Moore challenged the city to have a team again this year and gave the council a packet of information and a package of rubber wrist bands to sell as fund raising items. The revenue from the sale of the wrist bands may be used as a portion of the entry fee for the team.
The Orangeville City Council approved to donate $100 to the Relay for Life, and this amount will also be credited to the entry fee. "We appreciate the support that Orangeville has given us in the past, as we look forward to this year's Relay," said Moore.
David Robertson used the citizen concerns portion of the meeting to inform the council of the progress of the remodeling project taking place at the city park.
When the plans were initially submitted for bids, they called for 12 feet of cabinets to be installed in the kitchen area of the building. Considering that a different set-up for the storage of the grill, and the installation of a stove, more cabinets are needed to finish the project. As the deadline for completion of the project is May 31,
additional cabinets will need to be ordered as soon as possible to allow for delivery.
Robertson also submitted a proposal to upgrade the electrical wiring in the building. With an upgrade to 200 amp service, the building's connections will be able to provide the power needed to supply not only the concession stand, but the other needs of the ball field. The council approved the purchase of two heaters to be installed in the building which will allow for use during the Christmas season.
The council approved to donate $100 to the SouthEastern Utah Junior Livestock show. George Stucki, from the stock show, told the council that the stock show brings in many people from around the state to Emery County. The funds donated by Orangeville will be used to help Orangeville residents at the stock show.
A business license was granted to Trenton Bennett, a general contractor. The issuance of the license is contingent upon Bennett appearing before the planning and zoning board for the necessary approval and clearance.
Ordinance 2005-2 was approved. The ordinance is the franchise renewal with Utah Power/PacifiCorp which allows their employees to come into the city to do installation and maintenance work on lines and poles. The present ordinance will expire in July and this new ordinance needs to be approved and signed before that date. There are no changes in this ordinance and those in the past.
The State of Utah has required all cities to have a 10 year annexation plan in force. This plan should encompass any anticipated annexations into the cities. During the course of formulating the plan, an overlapping boundary was discovered with Castle Dale. With negotiation, an agreement was reached and the new boundaries have been revised by Johansen and Tuttle. A map is available to show this revised boundary line. The council approved the annexation plan.
A request for proposal was issued by Orangeville City concerning engineering services for the curb, gutter and sidewalks projects, to which only one reply was received. The council approved to renew the agreement for engineering services with Johansen and Tuttle.
Dennis Tuttle, zoning administrator for Orangeville City, informed the council that building activity in the city is strong. There are many construction projects ongoing.
Sandra Huntington requested permission from the council to coordinate Orangeville Days. Her proposal included going back to the traditional celebration that was held in the past. The date of the celebration will be July 23 as July 24 falls on a Sunday this year. She told the council of her memories of the celebrations of her childhood and her wish that the children of Orangeville have those same childhood memories. Huntington volunteered to head up the celebration committee for a three year period.
"Sandra, this is the first time in the 20 years that I have been involved in the business dealings of Orangeville City, that someone has come before us and volunteered to do something. You are to be commended for your community spirit. In my opinion, the council should turn the event over to you," said Councilman Pat Jones. The council decided to take the proposal under consideration and make a decision at a later date.
Murleen Bean, city recorder, informed the council of the vandalism problems in the park during the past month. Someone has kicked in the vents and doors of the restrooms. Security was discussed and the council approved Bean to look into the price of security cameras.
Mayor Thayne Cox reported that the Utah Local Government Trust had been to Orangeville to inspect the properties held by the city. With no claims having been filed against the city from city workers, the Trust told Orangeville, "Well done. The city's maintenance facility is one of the cleanest, keep up the good work."
Mayor Cox also said that by participating in the recent pre-disaster mitigation plan, the city would now be eligible for assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, should there be a need in the future.
Due to the retirement of Bean as city recorder, the city has approved to hire Ruanne Leeflang as the new city recorder. She began her duties on May 1 as deputy city recorder, and will train until Bean retires in July.
The next Orangeville City Council meeting will be held May 12 at 7:30 p.m. at city hall.


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When Tyler Smithpeters was popped in the mouth late in the fourth quarter, Harrisburg trailed Dyer County by a mere two points.
Smithpeters was able to stop the bleeding on his lip, however, Harrisburg couldn't stop the bleeding on the court.
Dyer County took momentum of a game slipping away on their home court in the Penny Hardaway HoopFest and built a 10-point lead over the span of three minutes, holding off Harrisburg 76-68 Friday night at Dyer County High School.
The loss was the first for Harrisburg, which will quickly lick its wounds, before playing a week-long tournament at Carmi-White County High School.
On the way down to Dyer County, Harrisburg head coach Randy Smithpeters took time to talk to his team on the back of the charter bus about just one thing: adversity.
"I was proud of how our guys responded to that," Smithpters said. "You're going to have adversity in the fact that the opponent is going to create situations you're not comfortable with and knowing that we probably wouldn't get a lot of whistles or breaks being two states away. We were on their home court and handled that adversity, I think that's a big step and an even better lesson."
As for the Choctaws, they have now beat a pair of No. 1 teams on back-to-back nights, as they knocked off No. 1 in Missouri Class 3A Charleston Thursday night and Illinois' 2A Harrisburg Friday.
Dyer County has rattled off 16 straight to improve to 18-1 on the season.
The Penny Hardaway HoopFest had the pomp and circumstance of a high school showcase tucked away in the Northwest corner of Tennessee.
Not only was the former Memphis State and Orlando Magic guard on hand to watch all the games, college coaches like Michigan State's Tom Izzo were front and center to see some of the nation's best prep athletes.
One of those being Dyer County's Robert Hubbs III, America's No. 2 shooting guard, who turned away such prolific universities such as Duke, North Carolina and Kentucky to stay at home and play for the Volunteers.
Hubbs finished with 19 points and a team-high six rebounds, but was outdone by Smithpeters who scored a game-high 21 points on 5-of-15 shooting from the field. The 6-foot-4 shooting guard had the eye of one particular assistant college coach scouting him Friday as he went 8-of-8 from the free throw line and pulled down seven rebounds.
Smithpeters didn't downplay the process of having to go against one of the best players the Bulldogs will see this year, adding that while it would have been nice to go undefeated on the year, this loss will be a learning opportunity for Harrisburg.
Page 2 of 2 - "It was a difficult game," Smithpeters said. "We knew coming in that Hubbs was a talented player and Dyer County was going to be a physical bunch, but we just felt like we had to be physical back.
"This was the first time we have been down in a game like this and had to fight. We really needed a game like this, to be honest. It was good for us, it was a good learning situation."
Harrisburg was nearly eight minutes away from keeping its unbeaten streak in tact thanks to an almost half-court shot by Bahari Amaya has time expired in the third quarter to give Harrisburg a 56-54 lead, the first of the game for the Bulldogs, heading into the fourth quarter.
However, Dyer County's Jamaal Ahmad (17 points) knocked down a bucket to tie the game at 56-all and Hubbs gave the Choctaw's the lead back for good with a short jumper with 6:49 to play.
Smithpeters said he was happy with the effort his guys gave and more importantly handling the pressure applied by Dyer County for 32 minutes.
"I was really happy with the way we handled their pressure," he said. "We were right there, with the lead going into the fourth and it just takes one little sputter to get behind and then you're going to struggle and that's how it worked out."
There were just two lead changes, but seven ties in a game that saw Harrisburg down by as many as nine points in the first half and 12 very late in the game.
One of the bright spots for the Bulldogs was the second half play of Dakota Upchurch.
The senior forward scored a career-high 14 points on 7-of-11 shooting, including pulling down a team-high 11 rebounds.
"We came down here wanting to get on the bus to go home a better team," Smithpeters said. " It would have been nice if we would had came away with a victory, but that just wasn't the case against a very good Dyer County ball club, but I still feel like we are getting on the bus a better team."
Location, ST | website.com

subset: commoncrawl


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What would make my 3rd great grand parents, Henry Bryant and Caroline Ellison Bryant, leave Beaufort County, NC to come to Carteret County, specifically Morehead City. I think the answer to this is tied to how the Civil War unfolded in eastern, North Carolina. From the evidence I have found from various death certificates of my ancestors, I have identified that they were residing in the city of Washington, NC prior to the Civil War. On another post I will go into who I believe may have owned Caroline and Henry. For now, let's look at my theory regarding why they eventually made Morehead City their home.
Beaufort County, Washington, N.C. "Hoisting the Union flag at Washington, North Carolina." Harper's Weekly, April 19, 1862, p.252. Courtesy of the North Carolina Civil War Image Portfolio, Prints and Photographs, North Carolina Collection from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
"Shelling of rebel batteries in the woods opposite of Washington, N.C. April 16th 1863." Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, May 16, 1863, p.124 Courtesy of the North Carolina Civil War Image Portfolio, Prints and Photographs, North Carolina Collection from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
The cities of New Bern and Morehead City became Union occupied in 1862. A short time later Washington, NC shared the same fate. As a result, these cities became a safe haven for slaves and freed people of color. My ancestors would have been living under the protection of the Union until things changed in April of 1864.
Here's an excerpt from a website I found that gives detail on what changed in 1864. The link to the full article you will find here: http://www.pamlico.com/washington/about-washington1.shtml
When Confederate forces won the nearby Battle of Plymouth in April 1864, Union forces were ordered to leave Washington, but before they did, they struck the town with a devastating blow. For three days, Union troops plundered the town, breaking into stores, houses and stables. They took all the goods they could carry and destroyed the rest.
On the morning of April 30, 1864, the day the troops left, a fire started in Washington. It burned from the Pamlico River through the northern limits of the town, consuming one-third of the town. Soon thereafter, another fire burned from present-day Market Street eastward. Much of the town was reduced to ashes and its 3500 residents had dwindled to only 500 after the fires.
Morehead City was still under the control of Federal troops when this occurred. If you recall from my last post, my 3rd great grandparents registered their union in Carteret County. The start of their cohabitation according to the record was July 31, 1864. Hmm...are you thinking what I'm thinking?


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Vanessa Gleason >> See More Playmates
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black fire atk of itachi
the 4th jutsu was named Shunsin no jutsu i think. but the best by far must be rasen shuriken (if he hits -.-')
Oooo This is a hard one! I have to say all the different Chidori's Sasuke uses!
The one Yondaime was known for the Hiraishin no Jutsu. God that was so badass. :drool
Jink's Manga Picks
Shamo || Vinland Saga || Mirai Nikki || Dangu || Tokyo Red Hood
futon rasengan, raiki/chidori, odama rasengan, housenka no jutsu (Pheonix fire Jutsu), flying thunder god technique,shadow clone, i like a lot of the ninjutsu they use, what can i say
harem no jutsu!
Jink's Manga Picks
Shamo || Vinland Saga || Mirai Nikki || Dangu || Tokyo Red Hood
i wud say fuuton rasen shuriken.. the last tym, naruto havnt really perfected the jutsu yet, just imagine, wat if he manage to perfect it at that time, kakuzu wud be ripped apart and be buried along with hidan.. much KickA$$.. ^^,


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Top Definition
A hairy, one eyed, no legs or arms, just paws-CREATURE.
can be used in substitution for cussing.
can be used in substitution for cussing.
Oh my god, man. There's so many shpinkas jumping around.
by JHLAMN January 21, 2011
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug
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Smooth, soft, slim fit American Apparel shirt. Custom printed. 100% fine jersey cotton, except for heather grey (90% cotton).Buy the t-shirt


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There will be these inserts in this weekend's papers: No sinerts :( per the Sunday Coupon Schedule. See a complete list of coupons in the Coupon Database.
Need coupons now? Save hundreds with the grocery coupons at Coupons.com, SmartSource.com, and RedPlum.com.
Did you know you can save by getting your paper delivered to your home? Save up to 75% or get up to 4 weeks free on your local newspaper delivery. You can also buy additional coupons from a clipping service.
Be sure to come back later to check out how you can maximize your coupons with this week's grocery store deals and drug store deals!


text: Well, the young #freelife boys have done it again. Bixel Boys are no strangers to the fusion of R&B with dance music, injecting the R&B vibe into both their DJ sets and their remix selections. This time, they pick none other than one of the most MFTF (music to…. you fill in the rest) R&B babes in the game Robin Thicke for what they VERY BRILLIANTLY dub an "R&Bmix" (this is almost as good a dub as 'Skreamix'… almost). I really love that they have called this "girl trap" which is both wildly hilarious and mildly inappropriate. Go have a listen for yourself, and when you hear this in the club I dare you to not A. gyrate to this or B. gawk at girls gyrating to this. Bixel Boys, you dogs.


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Rag & Bone black skirt from Arrow seen with Felicity Smoak (Emily Bett Rickards)
As Seen on Felicity Smoak (Emily Bett Rickards) in Arrow - Season 4 Episode 5
Felicity Smoak (Emily Bett Rickards) is seen with what looks like the black Rag & Bone Greta Crinkled Pencil Skirt in Arrow, Season 4, Episode 5 - Haunted. Find Skirts, Clothing and Women's Fashion from Arrow below.
It's a modern Robin Hood tale in the action series Arrow when billionaire philanthropist Oliver Queen (Stephen Amell) returns to save Sterling City from destruction. While he battles evil super-villains, secret Team Arrow member Felicity Smoak (Emily Bett Rickards) keeps it stylish in printed blouses and spectacles while honing her super agent skills. Together, they might have a chance to save the city.
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Displaying 26-50 of 2547 results
Ingredient Round Up: Sweet Flavors
Our January round up of flavors will get your sweet tooth singing.
Rollout: April 2007's Best New Products
April's best new products include: a new energy drink from Anheuser-Busch; Boca Meatless Breakfast Wraps; Kraft Grate-It-Fresh Parmesan Cheese; fruit crisps and veggie crisps from Frito-Lay; Jimmy Dean Breakfast Bowls; and jerky made for ladies.
February 2007's Best New Products
February's best new food products include a candy and video game fusion from Nestle; shelf-stable chicken breasts from Bumble Bee Foods; flavored oven-roasted peanuts from Diamond Foods Inc,; Newman's Own Organics' breath mints; asian noodles and condiments from Ka-Me; and NutriPals Balanced ...
Ingredion's Dolcerra Trims Sugar Without Compromising Taste
Ingredion has introduced its new Dolcerra sweetness and texture system for reduced sugar juices at the 2013 Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting and Food Expo.
Category: Ingredients
Product Type: Sugar & sweeteners
Sweets and Snacks Show Never Disappoints
The Sweets & Snacks Expo annually reveals new products, trends and strategies in this happy category.
October 2005 New Food Rollout
New products from Schwan's/Red Baron, Pepperidge Farm, Europe's Best fruits; spray flavors from celebrity Chef David Burke; an energy drink from Anheuser-Busch; a PepsiCo milk.
Citrus Flavors Freshening Up Beverage, Candy And Confections
Orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit are among the sweet citrus flavors consumers worldwide find refreshing to the palate.
Food Biz Kids: Air Heads Xtremes
Our seventh and eighth grade panelists deemed the Lemonade Sour Belts sweet, not sour, and awesome.
Sweets & Snacks Expo Calls For New Product Entries
Do you have a clever, new confection or snack? Find out by entering this competition.
Ready-to-Drink Iced Coffee Drinks From Seattle's Best
Seattle's Best Coffee joins its sister Starbucks brand to enter the $1.4 billion ready-to-drink (RTD) coffee category in the U.S. with a new line of Seattle's Best Coffee-branded iced latte coffee drinks packaged in cans.
Category: New Food Products
Product Type: Beverages
New Product Rollout: Sweet Treats for Valentine's Day
Food manufacturers take a bite from the Valentine's playbook by adding decadent chocolate to the mix.
ZonePerfect Satisfies Both Sweet And Salty Cravings
Abbott Nutrition launched ZonePerfect Sweet & Salty nutrition in two varieties: ZonePerfect Cashew Pretzel.
Category: New Food Products
Product Type: Snacks
Oberto Launches New Spicy Sweet All Natural Beef Jerky
Slow-roasted, smoky sweet flavor, with real chili pepper flakes for an extra sizzling kick, the latest craveable jerky flavor is made from simple, all natural ingredients, and is seasoned, smoked, dried and spiced to perfection.
Category: New Food Products
Product Type: Meat, Poultry & Seafood
Pepperidge Farm's Milano Melts Offer Sweet Escape
Pepperidge Farm Milano Melts offer the same delectable Milano cookie satisfaction with a brand new sweet escape experience featuring a unique combination of crisp cookie filled with soft, velvety rich chocolate crème.
Category: New Food Products
Product Type: Bakery
Stacy's Bake Shop Bakery Crisps Available in Sweet and Savory Flavors
Stacy's Bake Shop Bakery Crisps are a sweet and savory line of artisan snacks made from real bakery breads that are sliced thin and twice-baked to achieve the perfect crunch.
Category: New Food Products
Product Type: Snacks
Formulation Trends in 2015: Sweets in Moderation
Portion control, a fusion of flavors, healthier profiles and millennial favorites dominate the candy and confection scene as the market catches onto 'watching its sweets.'
Kerry Sweet Ingredients
Kerry Sweet Ingredients introduces Chili Con Queso Crisps, its first savory functional-bar concept.
Formulating Sweet and Savory Healthy Snacks
Sweet and savory snacks are forecast for constant growth and food processors are taking note. Read on to find out how one ingredient formulator in particular can help with your future healthy snacking options.
Imperial Sugar, PureCircle Limited Launch Natural Sweet Ventures
The exclusive North American joint venture will combine the natural benefits of both sugar and stevia to develop reduced-calorie natural sweet product solutions for the beverage and food industries.
MRO Q&A: What is the Best Practice for Parts Kitting?
A reader wants to know the best practices for kitting parts for jobs at his plant.
Video: Food Scientists Discover 'Sweet' Chemical Compound for Fruits
Inside Science explores food scientists' new discovery: a way to make fruits sweeter without adding any excess sugar.
Rollout: January 2007's Best New Products
January's best new food products include Breyers organic ice cream; Anheuser-Busch's new energy drink; spiced shredded cheese from Borden; new spice blends from McCormick; wines from Little Black Dress; and gourmet coffees from Folgers.
Rollout: March 2007's best new products
March's best new products include: chocolate cereal from Quaker Oats; a Mediterranean blend of I Can't Believe It's Not Butter; a smoother 100 percent wheat bread from Sara Lee; dark chocolate Altoids mints; gourmet Pringles crisps; and zero trans fat shortening from Crisco.
Betty Crocker Gluten-Free Dessert Mixes Wins the 2010 Edison Best New Product...
General Mills' Betty Crocker Gluten Free Dessert Mixes Wins the 2010 Edison Best New Product Award in the Consumer Packaged Goods Food Segment
United Fresh Produce Association Announces Best New Product Finalists
United Fresh Attendees to Vote for Best New Products at United Fresh 2010 in Las Vegas
Displaying 26-50 of 2547 results


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Top Definition
The eyes may close or appear 'lazy' when under the influence of alcohol or severe intoxification. However the person may not be asleep, but will have the appearance of being asleep.
A few too many Jagerbombs, a few minutes later... boom and the lids are closed. Commonly known as 'Jarvie Eyes'.
by Kernowlover December 06, 2012
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5-Piece Tefal Essential Pan Set£39.99 instead of £95.01 for a 5-piece non-stick Tefal Essential pan set from Wowcher Direct - save 58%
Save 58%
Time left to purchase
- Get a 5-piece Tefal Essential set.
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The Fine Print
- May buy multiples.
- Voucher valid until 21st Apr 2014.
- Postage costs an additional £4.99 per set.
- Please allow up to 10 working days for delivery after redeeming.
- Subject to availability.
Full Details
A quick inspection of the bottom of your saucepans shouldn't reveal an array of dinners from the past weaved together to form one mealtime mural. Replace those past-it pans with today's deal...
Today we're offering you a 5-piece non-stick Tefal Essential pan set for £39.99, which compares to our retailer's price of £95.01 (correct as of 3.4.14).
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Promotion ends on
22 / 03 / 2017


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Flames Versus Ducks Liveblog
Kent Wilson
March 23 2010 01:26PM
Join myself and Jean Lefebvre as we liveblog what may be the last meaningful Flames game of the season. Laughs will be had! Tears will be shed! Snark will be unleashed! Whatever happens, we aim to have some fun.
Comments are closed for this article.


text:
VTech DECT 6.0 3-Handset Cordless Phone - CS6729-3
Online Item #: 0000000094440
This cordless phone from VTech lets you talk on a speaker that can keep up with the conversation. Its full duplex handset speakerphone means that both parties can speak - and be heard - at the same time, for conversations that are more true to life. Plus, with the DECT 6.0 digital cordless technology, you'll get the best sound quality and range. DECT also helps protect your calls from identity theft by digitizing and encrypting them, making it nearly impossible for someone to eavesdrop on your private calls.
- Full duplex handset speakerphone
- DECT 6.0 digital technology
- Built-in digital answering system with message retrieval from handset & remote access
- Caller ID displays name, number, time & date of incoming calls & stores up to 50 calls
- Backlit keypad & LCD display
- Power-conserving technology extends battery life
- Quiet Mode silences the ringer immediately, or for an extended period of time
- 50 name & number phonebook directory
- Voicemail waiting indicator
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- Volume control with mute
- Any key answer
- Last 10 number redial
- Includes wall-mount bracket
- Expandable to up to 5 handsets (sold separately) with no additional phone jack needed
- Weight: Approximately: 2.8 pounds
- Shipping Dimensions: Approximately 7 x 5.7 x 4.85 inches.
Tab 4 - Future Phase
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Reach us at 877-633-7456 M-F 7:00am - 6:00pm Central Standard Time.
Reach us at 877-633-7456 M-F 7:00am - 6:00pm Central Standard Time.


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ALSC Strategic Plan, 2012-2017
In October 2010, the ALSC Board of Directors, the ALSC Priority Group Consultants and the ALSC office staff met to review and update its strategic plan for the future. The outcome of this planning process was enhanced clarity, and a renewed focus about how ALSC will invest its valuable and limited resources in meeting the future needs of its members and influencing the future direction of the profession. Building on our successes to date, the strategic plan will help move ALSC forward.
The strategic plan includes the following:
A set of factors in the long-range horizon (10+ years into the future) to guide decision-making including a core purpose, core values, Big Hairy Audacious Goal (BHAG), and a vivid description of future success;
Focused goal areas that identify where the association will direct its energy in the next five years. These goal areas focus on outcomes beneficial to the association and its members.
A set of objectives within each articulated goal that will guide the association in achieving them.
In addition, ALSC committees will develop benchmarks (strategies) that will help the association meet its objectives.
ALSC's leadership views strategic thinking and planning as an ongoing process within the organization. This is not a "strategic planning project" that is completed; adopting the plan will be an affirmation of the general intent and direction articulated by the envisioned stated goals, and objectives. With the help of the ALSC staff, the ALSC Board of Directors will assess progress towards achieving the plan's goals and objectives annually, and update the plan based on achievement and changes in the needs of the stakeholders served.
Long-term Core Ideology and Envisioned Future
Core ideology describes an association's consistent identity that transcends all changes related to its relevant environment. It consists of two elements - core purpose – the association's reason for being – and core values – essential and enduring principles that guide an association. Envisioned future is a clear and compelling catalyst that serves as a focal point for effort and conveys a concrete yet unrealized audacious vision for the organization. The vivid description is a vibrant and engaging description of what it will be like to achieve the envisioned future.
Core Purpose:
Creating a better future for children through libraries.
Core Values:
Integrity and Respect
Envisioned Future (or BHAG):
Libraries are recognized as vital to all children and the communities that support them.
Vivid Description of the Desired Future:
Through free, public, and equal access to library services, children develop a love of reading, and become responsible citizens contributing to a global society. As a result of positive library experiences, children remain library users throughout their lives and pass this engagement on to future generations. Libraries continue to be dynamic, responsive, and inclusive physical and virtual environments that are fully equipped to serve all children and the communities that support them. Libraries are viewed as central and integral partners in maintaining vibrant communities.
ALSC is viewed by its members as essential for their success and the growth of their profession. The association is recognized as the definitive source for new and relevant information and resources by library workers serving children. The association is politically effective through the active participation of its members, and is acknowledged as a leader in effectively directing the future of library services to children and the communities that support them.
Five-Year Goals and Objectives
The following goals describe outcomes the organization is committed to achieving in five years. The achievement of each goal will move the association toward realization of its vision. The goal areas are not in priority order.
Objectives provide direction on how the association will accomplish its articulated goals.
Goal Area: Advocacy
ALSC will promote the value of excellent library services to children and the communities that support them.
Objective (1): Increase influence in legislative initiatives affecting library services to children and the communities that support them.
Objective (2): Increase mutually beneficial collaborations with other organizations serving children and the communities that support them.
Objective (3): Increase awareness of the value of excellent library services for all children and the vital role youth services librarians and trained library workers serve.
Objective (4): Create resources to assist libraries in recruiting, developing, and retaining diverse highly qualified individuals who specialize in library service to children and reflect increasingly diverse communities.
Objective (5): Support initiatives to enhance resources for the children of underserved communities.
Goal Area: Education
ALSC will innovatively expand its educational opportunities for all library workers serving children.
Objective (1): Enhance both access and content offered through continuing education and professional development.
Objective (2): Expand educational opportunities focused on new and emerging technologies.
Objective (3): Expand educational and training opportunities that reflect our core competencies and values.
Objective (4): Ensure that our educational and training opportunities reflect and reach our increasingly diverse communities.
Objective (5): Identify and promote the finest in resources (print, nonprint, and emerging formats) and programs for libraries serving children.
Goal Area: Access to Library Services
ALSC will empower its members to eliminate barriers to library services for children and the communities that support them.
Objective (1): Increase educational opportunities focused on overcoming barriers to library services.
Objective (2): Increase advocacy for technology funding for children's services to ensure that children have full access to emerging information technologies.
Objective (3): Provide access to economically efficient strategies for serving the underserved.
Objective (4): Provide access to innovative and collaborative models for community participation in library service to children.
Objective (5): Increase ALSC's influence in promoting equity of access especially in supporting efforts to reach children of underserved communities.
Approved by the ALSC Board of Directors, June 25, 2011.


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Drug Policy Alliance Blog
New Year's Eve is a night famous for overindulgence. Sometimes it seems as if all the party energy that didn't get used up in the previous 364 days is let loose on December 31. For many revelers, New Year... Read More
"Deterrent punishment undermines a sense of connection, leaving young people feeling isolated and believing that the system is uneven, unfair, and cruel." - Rodney Skager, author of DPA's publication Beyond... Read More
New Year's Eve is around the corner and no doubt millions of smokers will make resolutions to quit. Many smokers would love to give up the habit. But smoking is an incredibly hard addiction to quit. Many heroin users... Read More
The attorneys general of Nebraska and Oklahoma have launched a lawsuit against Colorado claiming the state's 2012 voter initiative legalizing, regulating, and taxing marijuana is causing marijuana to come into their... Read More
Last night was an end of an era. After nine years on the air, Stephen Colbert is stepping away from his award winning show, The Colbert Report. Like millions of others, I tuned in regularly to get the news of the day from... Read More
Addiction expert and America's favorite 12-Step contrarian Stanton Peele recently talked about, of all things, a Reese Witherspoon movie. If you're not up to speed yet on the forthcoming film 'Wild'... Read More
How Do I Talk to My Family about Marijuana Reform this Holiday Season without Sounding like a "Scrooge?"
Dear Doctors, "With all the recent change taking place in marijuana policy in recent months, I am sure the topic is going to come up when my family gets together for the holiday season. Given the controversial nature... Read More
With more than 30,000 people dying from accidental drug overdose annually in the U.S. – recently overtaking automobile accidents for the first time – you might think that policymakers, the media, and health... Read More
December 17 marks the 100-year anniversary of the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, generally considered the beginning of the oppressive, expensive, and devastating drug war. This year, more than eight major U.S. cities will be... Read More
2014 was another nail in the coffin in the United States' disastrous war on drugs. The majority of the country now supports marijuana legalization and Oregon, Alaska and D.C. made it a reality by legalizing it. World... Read More


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Click the links below to find more information:
Yes. If students are experiencing financial difficulty, they can schedule an appointment with their financial aid counselor by emailing them or calling the Financial Aid Office.
Student budgets consist of tuition, fees, cost of required books and supplies, room and board, transportation, and personal expenses. In general, fees and books come from your school's Student Affairs office, and tuition is set by Mississippi Institution of Higher Learning. Room and board costs are constructed using Bureau of Labor Statistics data for specific geographical regions, as well as metro area apartment guide. This is supplemented with data from annual surveys sent to our student body.
Students are required to be matriculated in a program of study at least half-time for the period seeking financial assistance. Half time is defined as six (6) credits for undergraduate students and five (5) credits for graduate students.
Students who have room in their budgets can request additional funds by completing the Request for Account Adjustment form.
Subtract your total financial aid award from your cost of attendance. Your individual budget figures along with your financial aid award can be obtained by logging into the MyU portal.
Yes. Students can request to decrease their previously accepted Financial Aid by completing the Request for Account Adjustment Form.
Currently enrolled students: Contact the Registrar's Office.
A student must be a citizen or eligible non-citizen to receive aid from the Federal Student Aid programs. The general requirement for eligible non-citizens is that they be in the U.S. for other than a temporary purpose with the intention of becoming a citizen or lawful permanent resident, as evidenced by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Students should review their school's catalog for more specific information regarding citizenship requirements.
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Jackson, MS 39216
General Information: 601-984-1000
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Marvin Redpost: Is He a Girl?
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- Brief Synopsis:
- In Marvin's 3rd adventure he kisses his elbow and thinks he's turning in to a girl! He's Changing! The kids are noticing! Girl or boy, Marvin is always funny. Reading Level 1.9. 12 short chapters.
- Long Synopsis:
- If you kiss yourself on the elbow, you'll turn into a girl. When Marvin's lips touch his elbow, he suddenly finds himself acting very strange. Wishing he had pigtails like his sister, Linzy. Asking to play hopscotch at recess. Even dotting his i's with little hearts in class! Sure, he may have figured out the secret difference between girls and boys...but will Marvin Redpost ever return to normal?
- Book Quality:
- Excellent
- Book Size:
- 77 Pages
- 9780679819486
- Publisher:
- Date of Addition:
- 10/26/06
- Copyright Date:
- 1993
- Copyrighted By:
- Louis Sachar
- Adult content:
- No
- Language:
- English
- Categories:
- Nonfiction, Humor, Education, Literature and Fiction, Children's Books
- Submitted By:
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Salton City is located in California.
Salton City, California has a population of
Salton City is
family-centric than the surrounding county with
35.38% of the households
containing married families with children.
The county average for households married with children is 37.76%.
The median household income in Salton City, California is
The median household income for the surrounding county is $41,255
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The median age of people living in Salton City is
32.5 years.
The average high temperature in July is 107
degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 38.1 degrees.
The average rainfall is approximately 2.8 inches
per year, with 0 inches of snow per year.


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United States Military Academy at West Point
From Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia
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|condition on Jefferson's [[Embargo of 1807 | embargo]] of foreign
|trade, spent much of his prison term putting
|trade, spent much of his prison term putting
|together his ''Memoirs of the War in the Southern
|together his ''Memoirs of the War in the Southern
Revision as of 12:52, 19 June 2007
The United States Military Academy, also known as West Point, was formed by Thomas Jefferson in 1802.
On January 1821, Professor Jared Mansfield wrote to Thomas Jefferson from West Point:
"The Superintendent, Officers, Professors, Instructors, & Cadets of the United States Military Academy, impressed, with a high sense of the great services, you have rendered the Nation, & that this Institution, with which they are connected, originated under your patronage, & presidency, are anxious for some special, & appropriate memorial of your person, which may descend to posterity."[1]
The library at the U.S. Military Academy, Mansfield informed Jefferson, had portraits of George Washington and of Jonathan Williams, the academy's first superintendent. Would Jefferson, Mansfield asked, "gratify them" by sitting for Thomas Sully, one of the "best Portrait Painters of our Country," at Monticello?
By 1802, when President Jefferson established the United States Military Academy, he had fully embraced the importance of "useful sciences" in education and in the protection of the young nation. Two years earlier, Jefferson had written to Pierre S. du Pont de Nemours, asking: "What are the branches of science which in the present state of man, and particularly with us, should be introduced into an academy?" DuPont proposed an all inclusive plan of national education with primary schools, colleges, and four specialty schools – medicine, mines, social science and legislation, and "higher geometry and the sciences that it explains." With engineering "urging forward the other sciences," this school would be of the greatest benefit to the nation, du Pont explained. As he told Jefferson: "No nation is in such need of canals as the United States, and most of their ports have no means of exterior defense."
Just two months after Jefferson's inauguration, Secretary of War Henry Dearborn announced that the president had "decided in favor of the immediate establishment of a military school at West Point and also on the appointment of Major Jonathan Williams" to direct "the necessary arrangements, at that place for the commencement of the school."
On March 16, 1802, Jefferson affixed his name to the Military Peace Establishment Act, directing that a corps of engineers be established and "stationed at West Point in the state of New York, and shall constitute a Military Academy." The academy's sole function would be to train engineers, and Williams, grandnephew of Benjamin Franklin, was named superintendent. On July 4, 1802, the U.S. Military Academy formally opened for instruction. "Our guiding star," Superintendent Williams said, "is not a little mathematical School, but a great national establishment. … We must always have it in view that our Officers are to be men of Science, and as such will by their acquirements be entitled to the notice of learned societies."
In the War of 1812, the enemy British did not capture any works constructed by a graduate of West Point, and perhaps, as historian Henry Adams suggested, "had an engineer been employed at Washington … the city would have been easily saved." Jefferson's military academy, Adams wrote, had "doubled the capacity of the new little American army for resistance, and introduced and scientific character into American life." Jefferson himself said that he "ever considered that establishment as of major importance to our country, and in whatever I could do for it, I viewed myself as performing a duty." Today, the Thomas Sully portrait of Thomas Jefferson commissioned by the "Superintendent, Officers, Professors, Instructors, & Cadets of the United States Military Academy" hangs at West Point.
--Christine Coalwell, 2001; Revised by Bryan Craig, March, 2007.
West Point's Lost Founder: Thomas Jefferson Remembered, Forgotten & Reconsidered
Before the commandant stood a worried cadet, unjustly accused of disregarding orders and disparaging the memories of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Both men had died on July 4, 1826-exactly fifty years after the ratification of the Declaration of Independence, which Jefferson drafted and Adams championed, and exactly twenty-four years after the official commencement of operations at the United States Military Academy, which Jefferson established and Adams supported. When officers at West Point heard the startling news-a coincidence that young mathematicians at Jefferson's other school, the University of Virginia, would calculate the odds against to be more than 1.7 billion to one-they decided that the academy should pay its respects. The cadet, as sergeant of the guard, had been directed to see to it that his peers fire two guns, from reveille to retreat, in quick succession every fifteen minutes. Instead of the regular issue of two clear shots, however, Major William J. Worth, the commandant, had heard haphazard gunfire. "Shortly after morning parade I was sent for in great haste by the Commandant," the cadet later remembered. I denied disobeying the order, and insisted that the guns were discharged at proper intervals." Worth dismissed the cadet who, "to avoid any further trouble . . . loaded and touched them off myself, watch in hand." Yet "again I was sent for, and rated soundly for failure. What it all meant I could not understaud, but the Major went with me to the guard-tent, and just as I touched off the gun, before its echoes died away," another shot thundered in the distance. "The cause," he then realized, "was the blasting of rocks" around nearby Fort Putnam, which Worth "had heard, but which I had not." Worth "apologized before the whole guard for his unjust censure," ordered an end to the blasting, and the tribute to Jefferson and Adams continued. Such a demonstration of solicitude for Jefferson's memory would not again occur at West Point for nearly a century.
Jefferson wrote not only the Declaration of Independence but also the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and his 1787 Notes on the State of Virginia. He served in colonial Virginia's House of Burgesses, the Continental Congress, and the Virginia House of Delegates; he was his state's governor and his nation's minister to France, Secretary of State, Vice President, and President. He was a noted architect, spirited violinist, ardent farmer, and a leading scientist. He knew seven languages, doubled the nation's territory through the Louisiana Purchase, dispatched Lewis and Clark on their voyage of discovery, introduced pasta and ice cream to the American palate, and fathered the University of Virginia. He was, in short, a true polymath, a Renaissance man whose interests spanned wide and probed deep.
Among his many accomplishments, however, Jefferson's 1802 founding of the United States Military Academy is, and has been, often overlooked. Such was not the case in the early years of West Point - as the incident between Worth and the cadet makes clear. Jefferson was held up as the academy's founder, patron, and creator. His name was recognized aud his memory was perpetuated. Beginning in the 1830s, however, new considerations made a connection with Jefferson seem less attractive to the Army officers at West Point. At the centennial celebrations of the academy's birth, it was not Jefferson but George Washington who was described as founder. Only in the past half century, in fact, did Jefferson re-emerge. The new question was not whether Jefferson had a role in the creation of West Point-for certainly, he did-but what he did to foster the academy and why, as he wrote in 1821, he considered it "of major importance to our country."
Even so, the die had been cast. Jefferson had been divorced from West Point in the minds of many of its graduates and the public. Buildings had been named, statues erected, and a myth created that characterized as wasted time the years prior to the installation of Sylvanus Thayer as superintendent. The result was neglect, on the part of some, and ignorance, on the part of others, of Jefferson's contributions.
Despite lapses in historical memory, the fact that the United States Military Academy owes its existence to Jefferson is beyond refutation. Plans for a national institution charged with military education had been advanced since the time of the American Revolution. Colonel Henry Knox suggested it, treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton supported it, French- American Lieutenant Colonel Ann Louise de Toussard drew up ambitious plans for it, and Presidents George Washington and John Adams asked Congress to establish it. But their various proposals either languished or amounted to little until 1802, when President Jefferson convinced Congress to authorize the establishment of the military academy. It commenced operations officially on July 4 of that year, the twenty-sixth anniversary of American independence.
The early academy was a small institution with only a handful of faculty and cadets. Even so, it received a good deal of attention from the busy president, who corresponded with West Point professors and Jonathan Williams, its first superintendent, served as honorary leader of the United States Military Philosophical Society, a West Point scientific organization and booster group, and, in 1808, called for the Academy's dramatic enlargement. On April 12 of that vear. Conmess heeded Jefferson's call and increased the authorized enrollment to 256 cadets. Although years elapsed before the Academy succeeded in its efforts to attract this number of qualified students, the fact that Jefferson supported an Academy of this size suggests much about his commitment to the institution. In the census of 1810, the federal government counted 7.2 million Americans. As a percentage of the population, the academy envisioned by Jefferson was more than twice as large as today's West Point, when each year about 4,000 cadets prepare for the defeuse of a nation of about 281 million people.
His support did not go unnoticed. In 1821, more than a decade after his retirement as commander-in-chief, mathematics professor Jared Mansfield wrote to Jefferson in behalf of Superintendent Sylvanus Thayer, the faculty, and the cadets. "Impressed with a high sense of the great services you have rendered the nation, and this institution, with which they are connected, originated under your patronage, and presidency," Mansfield informed Jefferson, they were "anxious for some special, and appropriate memorial of your person which may descend to posterity. They have already in the Academy Library the portraits of the great Washington, the Founder of Our Republic, and Col. (Jonathan) Williams, the first chief of the Mil(itary) Academy, and they wish to add yours to the number, as being alike the Founders, and Patrons of both." Jefferson agreed to stand for the poitrait, which noted Philadelphia artist Thomas Sully traveled to Monticello to sketch and then paint in the spring of the following year. Sully's 8 1/2' x 5 1/2 "Thomas Jefferson" depicts the academy's founder on the verge of his seventy-ninth birthday. Still vigorous in mind and body, at 6'3" he towers over many of his contemporaries and stands, like the column beside him, as an enduring pillar of strength. He wears a black coat, knee breaches, and the furlined bear skin topcoat given to him in 1798 by Thaddeus Kosciuszko, the Polish officer whose Continental Army service during the War for Independence included a tour of duty constructing fortifications at West Point. In his left hand Jefferson holds a parchment scroll-perhaps his I802 law establishing the United States Military Academy. Sully's portrait, the prize of a collection that has hung for nearly two centuries in buildings that have housed the Cadet Library, would be the first and last major monument at West Point to the man to whom the military academy owes its existence.
What explains ignorance of Jefferson's role in the years leading up to the Civil War? The reasons are both political and personal. What first must be understood is the devotion of West Point officers to Superintendent Thayer-to him, to his superintendency, and to its significance. Thayer's reign as West Point's chief was successful and long, but both his arrival and departure were clouded in controversy. The turbulent 1817 transfer of power from Alden Partridge to Thayer-so turbulent, in fact, that for a while Partridge refused to step aside perhaps has led chroniclers of West Point's past to depreciate the contributions of Partridge and his predecessors in order to underscore the legitimacy of Thayer's appointment and the contributions of his tenure. Thayer's 1833 resignation, after a conflict with President Andrew Jackson, also may have had a negative impact as Jefferson's fame as founder. Like Thayer, many antebellum West Pointers, including the ones who wrote the academy's history, found themselves at odds with Jackson's party and allied themselves with its Whig opponents. They had little reason to exalt the political symbols of Jacksonian Democrats, the most prominent of which was Thomas Jefferson.
Democrats appropriated Jefferson despite the fact that the party of Jackson was hardly the party of Jefferson. Jefferson-and James Madison also-disliked the hero of the Battle of New Orleans. After an 1824 visit to Monticello, Daniel Webster reported that Jefferson said that he felt "much alarmed at the prospect of seeing General Jackson, president." Jackson had "very little respect for laws or constitutions," Jefferson told Webster, and he impulsively sacrificed means to ends. All things considered, Jackson was "a dangerous man." Nonetheless, in the minds of Jacksonian Democrats and their Whig opponents, Jefferson and Jackson were linked. According to historian Merrill Peterson, "so tight was the association of these three elements-the Jefferson symbol, democracy, and the Democratic Party-that one scarcely existed in the public mind apart from tlie others and attempts to disengage them met with fleeting success."
Thayer's dispute with Jackson must be understood in this context. When, in 1833, New York Cadet H. Ariel Norris planted in the middle of the parade ground a "hickory pole," he took a stand not only for Jackson-widely known as "Old Hickory" - but also for Jefferson and the American revolutionary tradition, which had used liberty poles to protest the British imperial regime. He also had taken a stand against Thayer, whose disciplinary system had been described as oppressive by Cadets Nicholas P. Trist, Jefferson's future grandson-in- law, and Andrew Jackson Donelson, Jackson's nephew, both of whom entered West Point in 1818, shortly after Thayer's installation as superintendent. Thayer understood the impropriety of the existence of this symbol of partisanship and insubordination on the parade ground. He ordered the removal of the hickory pole as well as the removal of Norris. Norris appealed the decision, so Thayer sent a faculty member to Washington to explain the situation. The professor met with Jackson to state his case, but almost immediately Jackson "became excited, and spoke of the 'tyranny' of Colonel Thayer and, rising from his chair, he stalked before me, swinging his arms as if in a rage and speaking of the case of Norris. . . . Why. said he, the autocrat of the Russias couldn't exercise more power!'" The professor stood his ground. Jackson dismissed him and ordered an investigation of the system of discipline at West Point. The resulting report recommended no changes and, for three or four months, all was quiet. But then another instance arose where Jackson interfered with Thayer-Norris's case had not been the first. Thayer, indignant, resigned in 1833.
The principled departure of Thayer helped to solidify his reputation as a hero of the academy. It also helped to galvanize Army officers in their opposition to Jacksonian Democrats. A case in point is Dennis Hart Mahan, an 1824. graduate of the academy who in 1830 returned as engineering professor, a position he retained for forty years. Mahan exhibited deep admiration for Thayer and deep mistrust of Jacksonian democracy, in part because of Thayer's battle with Jackson and subsequent resignation. The episode so much distressed Mahan that as soon as Jackson left office he hatched a plan to restore Thayer as superintendent. The scheme failed and Thayer never returned, but Mahan remained. He became one of the most influential faculty members in the history of the academy.
Like Mahan, Winfield Scott became involved in Thayer's superintendency. As a major general he presided over the 1817 court martial that found Partridge guilty of disobedience and mutiny for refusing to vacate his West Point post; he also presided over the academy's 1831 Board of Visitors, which, among other measures, called on the government to give Thayer a raise. Although not an academy graduate, he became a consummate academy insider; he spent summers at West Point and, when he finally died in 1866, was buried there. His political leanings mirrored those of Mahan and many others connected with the Army. He grew to despise Jackson, with whom he had a series of disputes, and by 1852, after triumphant leadership in the Mexican War, became so advanced in his partisanship that he stood as the Whig presidential candidate. Early in life, Scott considered himself an ardent Republican; Jefferson, in fact, interviewed him and awarded his Army commission. But then he developed a friendship with Federalist writer Washington Irving, an admiration for Hamilton, and a highly critical understanding of Jefferson. The third president was not only "highly ambitious," Scott later wrote, but also highly resentful, for "in the presence of Washington" he recoiled from a "painful sense of inferiority." While Washington had donned a uniform in the fight for independence, Jefferson had not, a fact that Scott believed led him to oppose Revolutionary War veteran Hamilton's plans for national finance, resign his cabinet post, and embrace states' rights principles that yielded the "first fruits" of the secessionist, rebellious impulses that led to the Civil War.
Robert E. Lee, the academy's eighth superintendent, did not share Scott's nationalism. But Lee, who was born a Federalist and matured as a Whig, did share Scott's hatred for Jefferson. The feud between Jefferson and the Lees dated all the way back to 1809, when General Henry ("Light-Horse Harry") Lee landed in debtor's prison as a result of business dealings gone bad. Lee, who blamed his financial condition on Jefferson's embargo of foreign trade, spent much of his prison term putting together his Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States, which he published in 1812. The Memoirs made Jefferson's supposed "timidity and impotence" as Revolutionary War governor of Virginia a case study in the supposed need for energetic government by officials with coercive authority. Jefferson did not respond publicly to Henry Lee's assertions, but in private he derided the tract as "a tissue of errors from beginning to end," a "parody" based on "rumors," and a book so "ridiculous that it is almost ridiculous seriously to notice it."
There the matter rested-and the feud persisted- until 1826, when a younger Henry Lee, who had inherited not only his father's name but also the rights to his book, prepared a revision of the Memoirs. He recelved an invitation by Jefferson to visit him at Monticello and examine documents relating to his performance as governor. Robert Lee's brother accepted the offer, but when he arrived at Monticello in June he found Jefferson on his deathbed. "There he was extended," he remembered, "feeble, prostrate; but the fine and clear expression of his countenance not at all obscured. At the first glance he recognized me, and his hand and voice at once saluted me. The energy of his grasp, and the spirit of his conversation, were such as to make me hope he would yet rally and that the superiority of mind over matter. . . would preserve him yet longer." Jefferson never recovered, however, and Lee never did see his papers. But he departed with a changed heart. When he revised his father's Memoirs he not only softened the most damning passages but also reprinted a letter that Jefferson had written to him. After British troops captured Richmond in 1781, Jefferson recounted, he rode his horse through the countryside in pursuit of recruits for the militia. The animal collapsed beneath him, he said, so he walked with the saddle on his shoulders to a nearby farm, where he borrowed an unbroken colt and continued the journey.
The detente between Jefferson and the Lees did not last for long. Three years after Jefferson's death, his grandson published a collection of his correspondence that reopened old wounds, for it included an 1815 letter to James Monroe that disparaged Light-Horse Harry Lee's Memoirs as "a historical novel for the amusement of credulous and uninquisitive readers." It also contained a 1796 note to Washington in which Jefferson described Lee as "an intriguer" and a "miserable tergiversator, who ought indeed to have been of more truth, or less trusted by his countrymen." For Light-Horse Harry Lee's sons, including Robert, the recent West Point graduate, these were fighting words. The brothers, according to Robert E. Lee biographer Douglas Southall Freeman, "Became more confnmed in their opposition to the party of Jefferson," which by then meant the party of Jackson. Henry Lee published in 1832 another printed attack on Jefferson, and seven years later brother Charles Carter Lee enlarged the work, heaping on to Jefferson even more opprobrium. Not to be left out, in 1869 Robert E. Lee, who had otherwise renounced all things bellicose, reissued the Memoirs-a final shot in a family feud that had lasted for more than half a century.
The Civil War gripped America not long after the conclusion of Lee's superintendency, and Lee was not the only officer to trade his Army blues for the gray uniform of the Confederacy. West Point graduate and Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard, who on April 12, 1861 ordered the shelling of Fort Sumter, had been relieved as the academy's superintendent only two and one-half months earlier. Cadets from southern states that had already seceded had been trickling out of West Point for several months; now, however, the number of resignations appeared more like a flood. By May, only 21 of the 86 southern cadets remained. The rest would join a Confederate officer corps that eventually included 296 academy graduates, 151 of whom, like Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, became the generals of Confederate President Jefferson Davis, yet another West Point alumnus.
Meanwhile, for most of the Civil War Alexander Hamilton Bowman served as superintendent, an unenviable position in no small part because of the heavy criticism directed at West Point. Secretary of War Simon Cameron submitted to Congress a report that dwelled on the "extraordinary treachery" of academy graduates, a symptom, he suggested, of "a radical defect in the system of education itself." Other northern critics, including many of Congress's radical Republicans, also depicted West Point as a nursery of secessionism. In addition, they characterized the graduates who remained in the Union army as too southern in their views on slavery and emancipation, too theoretical in their tactics, and too timid in their efforts to engage the enemy. When, in December 1861, Michigan Senator Zachariah Chandler called for the closing of the academy, several of his colleagues concurred.
Superintendent Bowman faced a crisis. West Point's enemies aimed at its destruction, many of his faculty (most in Union blue) had marched south and the Corps of Cadets stood depleted. Given this context, it is not surprising that Jefferson's reputation as founder of the military academy continued to slip from public memory as Alexander Hamilton Bowman made no effort to promote his institution through a closer association with his namesake's nemesis. Like the academy, Jefferson had also been described as too southern, too theoretical, and too timid. These criticisms, which originated during his own lifetime (and Henry Lee was not the first to levy them), still reverberated during the Civil War years, when Jefferson's reputation plummeted.
Although the embattled reputations of both West Point and Jefferson during the Civil War combined to discourage the resurrection of Jefferson's image as its founder, the 1902 centennial celebration of its founding provided a clear opportunity to recognize the third president. Yet the academy snubbed Jefferson on its birthday. The massive two-volume Centennial of the United States Militaiy Academy at West Point, a collection of speeches, banquet toasts, and histories marking the occasion, mentions his name only twice. In an essay on the academy's origins, Edward S. Holden, the West Point librarian, called attention to Secretary of State Jefferson's doubts, in 1793, about the constitutionality of a national military school. He did not, however, point toward Jefferson's supprt for the Academy in 1802; instead, he wrote that "by the act of Congress . . . the Military Academy was instituted." He gave Jefferson only a single positive nod, and that came in the middle of a long list of benefactors. Among them, he wrote, "two names stand preeminent- Knox and Hamilton." During the Revolution, Holden pointed out, Knox "was the first proposer and the steady advocate of a military school of the very type of our own. To Hamilton the Academy and the Army owe a well-considered plan for military education that, in its main features, has sufficed for the needs of the century just passed." Holden's tepid recognition excepted, all celebrants of the centennial seem to have ignored Jefferson's support for the early military academy. Many coutinued to fix their attention on later years, heralding Thayer as the academy's father, and some, such as the author of the brief history of the academy that soon began to appear in Bugle Notes, the cadet handbook, concurred with Holden's assertion that "its founder is Washington." No one thought to mention that Washington, in 1802, was dead.
Jefferson's banishment from the West Point pantheon cannot be written off solely as confoimity to what, by that time, was fairly well established tradition. The centennial fixed the date of the founding with precision. Jefferson was president in 1802, and the bill supporting the establishment of the academy came not from Congress but from him. In all likelihood, historians of the academy ignored Jefferson in 1902 for two other reasons. The first was a body of scholarship on diplomacy that attached Jefferson's defense policies; the second was the fact that the chief proponents of this neo-Hamiltonian assessment were influential men with powerful West Point connections.
As in the Civil War, nearly all of Jefferson's detractors considered themselves members of the Republican Party; unlike the Civil War, when a good number of West Pointers allied themselves with Democrats, in 1902 the "big stick" policy of President Theodore Roosevelt won admiration, if not active political participation, from the majority of Army officers. Perhaps the most prominent neo-Hamiltonian was Roosevelt himself, a former Army officer, veteran of the Spanish-American War, and prolific author. Others included his secretary of war, Elihu Root, and Alfred Thayer Mahan, son of popular West Point Professor Dennis Hart Mahan. Each, echoing the contentions of previous generations, directed sharp criticisms toward Jefferson.
While Roosevelt praised "Hamilton's wonderful genius." he portrayed Jefferson as a conniving, impractical, and self-deluding ideologue. The third president was "unscrupulous," a "pacifist" who established a "tradition of timid avoidance of all physical danger." "I have always regarded Jefferson," Roosevelt affirmed in 1915, as "one of the most mischievous enemies of democracy, one of the very weakest we have ever had in public life." The twenty sixth president blamed Jefferson for the War of 1812. Jefferson, he wrote, "was perhaps the most incapable Executive that ever filled the presidential chair."
The worst of Jefferson's defense measures, Roosevelt thought, was his plan for "an enormous force of very worthless gun-boats-a scheme," he wrote, "whose wisdom was about on a par with some of that statesman's political and military theories." Roosevelt's blast at Jefferson's proudest naval project-based on the assumption that an American ocean-going navy, which could never match the strength of Britain's, would draw the nation into an unwinnable naval war and should he replaced by small, agile, and economical defensive craft piloted by citizen-sailors-was echoed by that other prominent neo-Hamiltonian, Alfred Thayer Mahan. Mahan's important book on The Influence of Sea Power in History argued for a large, formidable navy of large, formidable ships. To correspondents, Mahan expressed his disdain for Jefferson and his "seductive cheap gunboat policy, in which ensured "a minimum of military usefulness at a maximum of pecuniaty outlay."
Despite the efforts of neo-Hamiltonian detractors, Jefferson's reputation among West Pointers and citizens in general improved during the next fifty years, thanks in no small part to the efforts of Franklin Roosevelt. Unlike his cousin, the younger Roosevelt cast himself as a neo-Jeffersonian, sculpted Jefferson's image as a political experimenter and advocate of liberty,.. and in 1943 dedicated the Jefferson Memorial. Even before Roosevelt's campaign to renovate Jefferson's image, however, West Point fashioned a humble monument to his memory. His name joined those of a handful of notables inscribed onto the stone walls of the 1910 administration and headquarters building. According to a pamphlet published shortly after the building's completion, Jefferson deserved recognition as the president "during whose administration . . . the Military Academy was founded." Thayer, described as "Father of the Military Academy, and James Monroe, "under whose administration the Military Academy developed and was encouraged," were similarly honored. (Washington received special treatment, for his personal coat of arms appeared high on the courtyard's east wall directly across from the seal of the United States.) Jefferson's inclusion within the headquarters honor roll demonstrated that the willful disregard for his contributions seen at the centennial did not endure.
So did the naming in Jefferson's honor of the avenue that linked the library with the superintendent's quarters, noted on maps of the academy beginning in the early 1930s, as well as the East Academic Building's 1937 rededication as Jefferson Hall. The honor was shortlived, for a year later academy officials voted to revert to the building's former name because, they claimed, the new designation "proved very confusing," could "lead to controversy and dissention," and seemed out of step with the generally established practice of naming edifices not for men but for their functions. (Later the academy again renamed the structure, this time in memory of William Bartlett, a long-serving science professor.) During this decade streets were named also after Washington and Thayer, and a few years earlier workmen completed Washington Hall, the building containing the cadet mess, and the Hotel Thayer. Both men retained their more exalted status (and their eponymous buildings), but Jefferson-especially during the Franklin Roosevelt era-at least made inroads.
Thus by the time of the academy's 150th birthday Jefferson had regained some of his stature, not only among Americans generally but also within the Army. The 1950 annonncement of upcoming sesquicentennial exercises by the superintendent, Major General Bryant E. Moore, noted that "Thomas Jefferson, following the advice of George Washington, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and others, established a national military academy on the Hudson River at West Point." Two years later, Superintendent Frederick A. Irving remarked at the sesquicentennial invocation that "Jefferson signed the act of Congress which established this institution" because he joined with Hamilton, Knox, and Adams in "realizing the need for a trained source of officers, a corps which would form the nucleus about which a civilian army could be built." As part of its birthday celebration, the academy published an official account marking the occasion. The first chapter, a brief synopsis of West Point's history, began by quoting Jefferson's Military Peace Establishment Act and mentioning that he "signed this legislation on March 16, 1802."
Although the recognition accorded to Jefferson marked a departure from centennial speakers' willful ignorance of his role, its tepid nature still left plenty of room for qualification. The official sesquicentennial history, for example, took care to mention that "the Military Academy did not spring into existence with a stroke of the pen. The Act of 1802 simply granted formal recognition to an institution that had been slowly evolving since the first American garrison occupied West Point during the Revolutionary War." Jefferson's advocacy constituted only "the final step" before Thayer's "first step," which was "to reorganize the Corps of Cadets." Once again, West Pointers pressed Jefferson into the humble and virtually thankless role of successor. Contrary to chronology, they lavished the role of the academy's origlnator and progenitor on Thayer.
The relatively newfound ability of West Point officials to enunciate Jefferson's name failed not only to alter the basic tenor of public commemorations of the academy's birth but also the substance. The major events of the sesquicentennial included the installation in the Cadet Library of a portrait of Confederate General Robert E. Lee-Jefferson's old adversary and on March 16 the laying of wreaths by delegations of cadets at the graves of Thayer and Washington. The cadet contingent at Mount Vernon had no corollary at Monticello.
Jefferson received less recognition from actual cadets than he did from actors who played ones in Warner Brothers' The West Point Story, a 1950 film starring James Cagney, Virginia Mayo, Doris Day, and Gordon MacRea, who appeared as Cadet Tom Fletcher, a talented singer starring in the academy's annual "100th Night" variety show. Although not an official component of the sesquicentennial celebration, the film focused on the school's origins when, in the opening number of the fictionalized cadet production, Fletcher took the stage and stood before a chorus of classmates. "In the beginning as in all things it was only a dream" and he said, "but the dreamers had names: like Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson. They stood on a point of land on the west bank of the Hudson and planned that this fortress that guarded our newborn nation, should become our military academy." In Hollywood's version of history, however, Washington also trumped Jefferson. "The Corps was founded," Fletcher continued, "and the father of our country hecame the father of a legend."
Despite these snubs, the highlight of the sesquicentennial- the May 20 address by President Harry S. Truman-gave to Jefferson more attention than he had received at West Point since the 1820s. Truman's speech recognized Jefferson as founder of the academy; it also praised his pragmatism and practicality. Yet so did nearly concurrent statements by Dwight Eisenhower, Truman's triumphant European theater World War II commander and Republican successor, who said that he admired Jefferson because "he understood and feared the implications of the shift we have seen in recent years from local government to Federal government, from freedom to regimentation, from decentralization to centralization."
Civilian leaders continued to praise Jefferson in the decades after the Second World War. President John F. Kennedy, for example, described his predecessor as his "hero," one of the "most exceptional men of the 18th century," and one of "our nation's . . . first great scholars." He said at a banquet honoring Nobel Prize winners from North and South America that "this is the most extraordinary collection of talent, of human knowledge, that has ever been gathered together at the White House, with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone." Robert F. Kennedy spotlighted the third president as a man who welcomed the free "exchange of views" between individuals, nations, and cultures.
While Democrats extolled Jefferson as an intellectual, Republicans embraced his ideology. Like Eisenhower and MacArthur before him, Barry Goldwater, the 1964. Republican presidential candidate, claimed Jefferson's mantle. He charged that the Democratic Party was "no longer the party of Jefferson" for it no longer subscribed to "principle and principled liberalism." That the Arizona senator described Jefferson as his favorite president is not surprising. Under his leadership the Cold War Republican Party renewed its commitment, through both foreign and domestic policy, to oppose big government and defend individual freedom. Jefferson, who Franklin Roosevelt had enlisted as a symbol of democracy and egalitarianism to combat Nazis and Republicans, now helped Republicans battle Communists and Democrats. Even Democrat Jimmy Carter admitted that Jeffersonian principles, which included the insistence that people "stop looking to the federal government as a bottomless cornucopia," no longer remained "popular . . . with some members of my party." Ronald Reagan, who said in his famous campaign speech for Goldwater that Democratic leaders were "taking the party of Jefferson . . . down the road under the banners of Marx, Lenin, and Stalin," in 1987 proclaimed from the steps of the Jefferson Memorial the Republican faith that "economic freedoms" and the political freedoms advocated by Jefferson were "inextricably linked."
The Republicanization of Jefferson's image- the emphasis on his support for limited government at home and the expansion of liberty abroad-resonated well within a Cold War context. It also fit perfectly the central themes of the Reagan administration, during which the bulk of the current officer corps came of age and began to undermine the old ideal of an a political military. Although during the 1970s more than half of up-and-coming officers described their politics as independent of any specific party, today (2002) only 28 percent make such a claim. Even more striking, those who identify themselves as Republicans constitute 64 percent, a figure eight times larger than the number who call themselves Democrats. While this phenomenon bodes ill for an all-volunteer military struggling to avoid estrangement from the public it defends, it probably constitutes good news for Jefferson's reputation within the Army, which for much of its existence was led by men who identified the third president with a party that many of them opposed. It also supgests that occasions such as the 2001 Senate confirmation hearing of retired General Colin Powell, Republican President George W. Bush's nominee for secretary of state, may well become more common. Powell, who during the Persian Gulf War commanded all of America's armed forces, described Jefferson as "ahead of the time in which he lived" and himself "as Jefferson's admiring successor."
These political changes bode well for Jefferson's image as the founder of the military academy. Both parties find reasons to embrace Jefferson's ideals. The military can now focus attention on Jefferson without offending most members of the public it serves. Witness the recent announcement that West Point's new library building, to be built in 2006, will be named Thomas Jefferson Hall. The scholarly environment has also changed. A year ago West Point convened a bicentennial conference on Jefferson's establishment of the academy; it featured presentations by nearly a dozen scholars, all of whom shed new light on his contributions to the military school.
How will Jefferson's reputation as the academy's founder fare in the future? What can be predicted with certainty is that West Point's view of its past will reflect its changing present. The question will continue to be what really it always has been: not whether Jefferson made West Point, but what West Point makes of Jefferson.
This article is based on: Robert M. S. McDonald, "West Point's Lost Founder: Thomas Jefferson Remembered, Forgotten & Reconsidered", November 1, 2002.
Further Sources
- McDonald, Robert, M.S., ed. Thomas Jefferson's Military Academy: Founding West Point. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004. Available for purchase at Monticello Gift Shop
- United States Military Academy: http://www.usma.edu/
- Von Hassell, Agostino. West Point: The Bicentennial Book. Charlottesville: Howell Press, 2002.


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Could it be im demanding too much current from the UNO?
The code is working good since it has been working for weeks, the relays were added yesterday
it wouldnt let me post the code in one single post sorry
LCD backlight (no resistor),
original_sketch_inverted.cpp: In function 'void setDateDs1307(byte, byte, byte, byte, byte, byte, byte)':original_sketch_inverted:112: error: call of overloaded 'write(int)' is ambiguous/Users/mikecook/Documents/Arduino/libraries/LCD_I2C/Wire.h:55: note: candidates are: virtual size_t TwoWire::write(uint8_t)/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/Print.h:49: note: size_t Print::write(const char*)original_sketch_inverted.cpp: In function 'void getDateDs1307(byte*, byte*, byte*, byte*, byte*, byte*, byte*)':original_sketch_inverted:135: error: call of overloaded 'write(int)' is ambiguous
My 16x2 LCd is working great for a couple of minutes and then out of the bloom it goes blank¿?
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W. Stearns Road
Bartlett, IL 60103
(847) 608-3100
When people think of a state park, they often imagine significant or
unique natural features that warrant the need to be protected
for posterity.
First-time visitors to James "Pate" Philip (formerly Tri-County)
State Park may initially wonder what the area's specific feature is.
After all, the land is predominantly farmland that had been tilled
and grazed for years. The north branch of Brewester Creek flows through
the property, but most of the streambed had been channeled to move
water away from former agricultural fields. Along the north boundary
James "Pate" Phillip State Park, starting in the east, a
row of houses rises up like a wall against a sea of grasses. Further
along the boundary is an active gravel pit and by the Bartlett
Park District sport field. To the west of the park, across Route
25, is a landfill in the process of being closed.
The significance
of James "Pate" Phillip State Park clearly appears after taking
a closer look. First, the mere fact that this amount of land is preserved
and protected from further development is significant. This land adds
to the large block of open space to the south, which currently is preserved
as the 3,432 acre Pratt's Wayne Woods Forest Preserve. Together, both
spaces significantly improve the integrity of the natural processes
throughout the region, providing corridors that facilitate animal movement
and seed dispersal. In addition, this area enables breeding populations
of animals, such as sandhill cranes, herons and Blanding's turtles, to
find undisturbed habitat to raise their offspring. And with any large
block of preserved land, there is a potential for a higher diversity
of animals and plants to exist, meaning more species to participate
in the food web and water cycle.
Second, this land
contains the remnants of one of the most diverse natural systems that
ever graced the Illinois landscape, the tall grass prairie and its associated
communities. Hidden among the overused landscape are pieces of a puzzle
that represent what once was a rich tapestry of life. A remnant wetland
managed to survive in the center of this park and is
home to an Illinois endangered species, the dwarf bur reed. This plant alone warranted listing this wetland as an Illinois Wetland Reserve
in 1990.
The goal of James
"Pate" Phillip State Park is to preserve these remnant pieces
and to restore the ecosystems in order to support the highest possible
level of biodiversity. Beginning in 1991, the state of Illinois developed
the James "Pate" Phillip State Park Restoration Plan which guided the initial restoration of the native landscape. Significant
portions of the park already have been seeded to prairie. Prescribed
burns were introduced to contain woody growth encroaching on the prairie
environment. In addition, drainage tiles along the east boundary were
exposed and broken slowing the water flow from the park and collecting in pools.
By resaturating the soil, wet prairies and marshes will develop,
creating habitat for many species of plants and animals, such as the
dwarf bur reed, Blanding's turtle, yellow-headed blackbird and
migrating waterfowl.
The Illinois Department
of Natural Resources has chosen to locate their Region II offices in
the southeast corner of the park. In conjunction with this office, the
state constructed the James "Pate" Phillip State Park Visitor
Center, which opened in December of 2002 and is operated by the Forest
Preserve District of DuPage County. This unique partnership allows
restoration and education to proceed hand-in-hand.
The visitor center
highlights the reasons and needs for restoration to occur in natural
areas, where ever they may be located. Exhibits details the impacts of human intervention over the years, such
as fragmenting the landscape through plowing and building, clogging
the natural waterways with chemical and sediment loading, and draining
the land of water to enable farming and development to occur. Through
visually stunning photomurals, interactive displays and activities,
visitors discover the need to protect and restore the broken natural
processes. A small theater features videos that tell the story
of this land -- from the glaciers that sculpted the land to the explorers
who discovered the land, the settlers, farmers and developers who tamed
the land, and the individuals who now are restoring the land.
Along with these
fixed elements, there is a wide range of programming. Younger visitors
are able to participate in hands-on activities designed to introduce
the prairie and its animals through sensory-based programs. Older elementary
school groups will begin to explore ecosystem concepts such as the water and food
cycles. At this level, active
restoration projects will be undertaken to model how individuals can
help restore native lands. Older groups also will participate in active
restoration work by monitoring natural areas for plant and animal life,
assisting in the development of resource management plans for specific
areas, and then actively working to increase the local biodiversity.
From kindergartner to adult, there is a program for everyone.
As people visit
James "Pate" Phillip State Park for the first time, they should
remember that the story of this land is not completely told in what
it is now but what this land will become. As the land recovers, the
plant and animal life that once flourished throughout the area will
return as well. Outdoor enthusiasts are encouraged to come back often
and to watch this land transform itself into a functioning, diverse
natural area.


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Introductioncalculus, branch of mathematics that studies continuously changing quantities. The calculus is characterized by the use of infinite processes, involving passage to a limit—the notion of tending toward, or approaching, an ultimate value. The English physicist Isaac Newton and the German mathematician G. W. Leibniz, working independently, developed the calculus during the 17th cent. The calculus and its basic tools of differentiation and integration serve as the foundation for the larger branch of mathematics known as analysis. The methods of calculus are essential to modern physics and to most other branches of modern science and engineering.
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The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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