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SSG Jeff (USAR)
6 and 2 rotating schedule sucked (that's the 8 day one I expect). I have no idea how the Navy survives 2-2-2 and 80s onshore, much less what they might try on the ships.
We recently completed a deployment with a 4 section, chow to chow, 6 hour watch rotation. Sections stood a particular watch for roughly 3 weeks at a time. The midwatch was still a challenge, but most people found that 6 hours of regular sleep at the same time was much better than more total time staggered unevenly due to a rotating watch.
It was certainly an issue to adjust the daytime schedule to allow for the midwatch to rest, but everyone else (particularly Noon-1800) was in much better shape to stand the watch. There were many fewer "thousand yard stares" on the mess decks and in the wardroom. I would also say that it increased our operational effectiveness.
This is a lesson for innovative COs who are willing to do something different than the traditional "5 and dime" rotation.
P.M. Leenhouts CAPT USN (Ret)
I clearly remember being severely fatiqued as a JO. It was a real problem. I believe that research has proven beyond the shadow of a doubt that rotating watches daily is an invitation to disaster. Anecdotally, I believe this was proven at least thirty years ago. I am convinced that many of our Service's accidents and incidents are the result of fatiqued crews. The retort that "we've always done it that way and it works just fine" doesn't cut it.
Consequently, four of the ships in which I served used fixed rotations. Crews stood the same four hour watches port to port. The 16-20 watches weren't dogged, just relieved for chow. 1MC announcements were minimized or not used at all except in emergencies. Watches rolled ahead during port visits. I've used this system in CONUS, the Med and WESTPAC; it seemed to work better than any other watch rotation I've experienced.
With respect to the article, the reason surface ships hold morning quarters is, in part, to ensure no one fell over the side during the night as well as to ensure all hands "get the word". That said, perhaps there is a better, more efficient way to ensure all hands are aboard to get the word.
Jeff, Welcome to the fray, and I am pleasantly surprised to hear that my 1120 brethren compared favorably with the 1160s. Don't be surprised if you get some push back on this topic: it's something I see discussed daily underway by the command element (CO XO & COB), but the nature of the beast with short manning, required maintenance, and training is that someone is going to be fatigued and running on somewhere between 3 and 4 hours sleep in the last 24 hour period.
IMHO it is not so much a knowledge problem in the navy, as a supervisor involvement challenge. Everyone knows they are less effective with less sleep, and these factors have been taught by firsthand knowledge, topics during all of my pipeline training in the submariner world, and as early as my plebe summer back in 98. The challenge is twofold: one leadership that sets the example or corrects sailors and JOs who stay up too late with recreation, and letting first line supervisors (chiefs, and division officer) intelligently decide what can be dropped off the plate in chalkerblocked [full] days. The supervising can be done both by divisional chiefs and senior watch officers as well as with some polite but firm peer pressure, but the second part is a real challenge, both in accurately assessing "how tired are they" as well as how to bring up to the ENG that the section was to tired to do an after watch training session.
If you go to bosun.nps.edu and search for "sleep study" you can read for hours academic studies that will confirm what you perceived.
The problem is the inertia of the leadership. Change like this needs a champion (wearing stars) to get it done.
This is the kind of topic where no one wants to "rock the boat".Maybe the Medical Branches can stick their neck out with their reccommendations for the good of the Navy?In today`s war tempo ignoring this issue is like ignoring dwell time needs.Sounds like some command and career decisions!That`s why they call them "officers".Not addressing these issues translates to a tragedy of dead sailors,something which only makes DAVY JONES and the enemy happy!This is where USNI Blogs can make a difference.If your going to fight at your best you had better be well rested{if at all possible}…….combat veteran and hospital medic.
Excellent post, Jeff. Lots of great points.
For the larger audience:
How do you reconcile this unimpeachable common sense with the "reduced manning initiative" of a 40-50 man uber-crew for the LCS, when that ship is either in action, in a hostile zone, or re-configuring weapons load "packages" for different missions? Oh, and what if she is damaged and requires repairs/TLC to keep her afloat and making headway?
Just askin'….
I think Brine has some good points reminding us that not all sleep deprivation is mandatory. As I am sure CAPT Leenhouts remembers that as JO in a surface ship, emphasis is placed on getting qualified quickly.
I met one SWO who had gotten his warfare pin in under 8 months (VERY fast). I asked him how he managed that; he replied, "Sleep is for the weak."
As a number of these comments point out, it is first and foremost a leadership issue. I had imagined direction coming from the CO in giving guidance on the watch standing, but I like the posts which emphasize approaching the problem with "deck plate" leadership.
It seems, LTCOL Schwehr, that medical community is quite aware of the problem. Perhaps they could raise greater awareness, but the ultimate responsibility lies with those Navy gray and underway.
It's encouraging to see that some ships have figured out ways to optimize the watch standing rotation (SWO JO), but if only there was a way for this knowledge to make it's way around the fleet.
I, too, am very curious to see how cutting back on the crew size will play into this problem. I've heard anecdotal evidence about the LCS requiring intensive maintenace hours. We'll see…
great first post!
you guys are fighting a war that airline crews, railroad operating departments and over the road truckers have been enmeshed in for years.
so far none of them have solved it either.
I am not hoping to eradicate fatigue. However, I think we could use greater awareness of the issue in the hopes of reducing the extent of the problem. The common sentiment on being fatigued due to lack of sleep is that is simply part of the job. I think we should question this assumption as it can impair combat readiness.
P.M. Leenhouts CAPT USN (Ret)
A couple of (perhaps relevant) points. First, I don't think someone who qualifies in eight months really has a grip on what they need to know. Yes, there will be an occasional super-guy/gal, but they're most likely rare. "Sleep is for the weak"? That kind of attitude leads to accidents. Frankly, if eight months is the "fleet norm", then we've unacceptably dumbed down the SWO qualification process. Secondly, and IMO, no CO worth his/her salt needs someone with stars telling them how to run/micromanage their ship. And, third, and finally, if the DH's think there's a problem regarding sleep deprivation, what's preventing them from talking to the CO about it?
On submarines, watches are six hours long with three underway watch sections. After watch, if one has work to do, they do it until it's done or until the next watch. If not, they can go to the rack right away. This works out pretty well, all things considered (maintenance load, training and drills, etc.). I've been a rider on a surface ship that did the traditional four hour watch rotation with working hours underway and that sucked. The fixed six hour watches mentioned in the post above would be far better as long as surface commands went with the submarine concept of work or sleep instead of working hours. Surface ships have more personnel than submarines, so they could get away with four watch sections instead of three.
Excellent comments and a debate we should be having.
Another often overlooked aspect of fatigue and mistakes at sea (or in the air) stems from nutritional failure, low blood sugar, poor diet, skipping meals, etc.
Exercise, of course, helps both — hence the value in our gyms and work out routines at sea.
At the end of the day, we count on our ship Captains and officers, our Chiefs, and indeed a well-informed crew itself to make sure we are balancing sleep, nutirition, excercise to stay sharp.
Compliments to our new guest Midshipman blogger — BZ!
Another factor is Circadian cycle. People are bio-engineered by evolution to be daylight animals. I've found that night shift is more easily accomodated by only a small fraction of people, while the rest (including myself) have to utilize "tricks" like making sure your bedroom is totally dark, turning a radio to talk radio and turning it down very low to a murmur (to drown out the much louder noise outside during daylight hours) and medication to help you sleep (like Benydryl or a mild alcoholic beverage). Also, once your eyes have seen daylight it's very hard to get to sleep. I tried to always make sure I was out before the sun came up; if I didn't, it was very hard to sleep.
Sailors can go to sleep at the drop of a hat, but only because they are exhausted. I've seen them sleep in the noisiest environments and the weirdest locations.
In the long run, sleep deprivation can and will kill you in the environment aboard ship. Machinery, steep ladders, slippery catwalks, the list goes on. Some sort of trade off should be arrainged before the problem becomes lethal. Personally, whenever I had to work 16 hours+ I never worked the next day. Lots of jobs, just one me.
FOD Detector
ADM Stavridis appears to be the only commenter with any sort of solution; I'd add the endless cups of coffee also interrupt healthy sleep patterns.
Adequate rest should not be an issue on today's warships; there is more than enough manning to operate and fight the ship. But it is an issue because we're not operating very smartly. And we're not taking full advantage of technologies which reduce manpower demands.
Jeff, good on you for getting your views out here. It's great that you are already thinking about these things, and that you are comfortable sharing your views in a professional setting. Good luck to you as you go out to the fleet!
Fatigue was certainly a facotr here…
hence the value in our gyms and work out routines at sea
The problem there is, trying to find the time…
The crew can't relax much, even with the ship tied up.
There seems to be a consensus that this should be dealt with by leadership onboard the ships. I just wonder if there is anyway for the Navy to remind the leadership of the value of sleep. I suppose the Naval Safety Center would head up the awareness?
Gotta wonder if the USS Blue missed detecting the Japanese that fateful night in August '42 because there was no one onboard not fatigued. After all, during the intense days prior, every evolution was an All Hands affair…
Sid hit the salient point. By 9 August, crews in Blue and the cruiser column were exhausted to near collapse, and going up against an enemy highly skilled at night action. The results were tragic and predictable. And this is LONG before the days of video games and Dallas Cowboys on the flat-screen.
Again, I will ask the general audience, including ADM Stavridis, how we reconcile these combat lessons with reduced manning initiatives to hold down operating costs?
VADM J. C. Harvey, Jr
Midn Withington – thanks very much for posting on this issue. The topic is truly non-trivial and is as much an issue today as it ever has been since humans started taking ships to sea overnight.
Reading your post brought to mind two books I recently read – Japanese Destroyer Captain and the memoirs of a RN destroyer CO during WW2.
A common element in both books was the profound effect of fatigue during sustained combat operations, in one case almost 8 months of combat in the Solomons without relief and, in the other, prolonged periods of combat during North Atlantic convoys (the Murmansk run) and in the Mediterranean in 1943.
Both COs were brutally honest about what they did right and what they did wrong, and what they did wrong almost always came in a period of prolonged sleep deprivation.
[To get a visual of this issue, watch the movie "The Cruel Sea"]
Now, the issue you raised is a related one – the impact of "excessive" fatigue during routine operations, the type of sustained underway optempo we (USN) are experiencing today.
Part of the answer lies with the ability of every ship's command team to organize themselves for success to the maximum extent their resources (people, equipment, etc) and training allow. In my view, no permission is required to task-organize onboard ship in order to accomplish the assigned mission. COs get to establish priorities and act accordingly (and that is tone of the truly great thing about being a CO!)
Part of the answer also lies with higher echelons' responsibility to 1) recognize the importance of the issue, 2) to be aware that every ship is unique (no two crews are the same) and thus different ships will require different solutions to accomplish the same mission set over an extended u/w period and 3) to be ready with supportive intervention whenever required.
Culturally, this issue is not one we deal with very easily; we grow up professionally treasuring our "ability" to go hard for prolonged periods without adequate rest and without due regard for the consequences on performance and safety.
Thanks for putting a fresh set of eyes on target. All the best, JCHjr
Great topic, great job for a first post.
Sleep deprivation is something that we as sailors usually take pride in. As a FR on the CORAL SEA, my "record" was 72 hours. And I wasn't the only one, we all did it to get the job done. Years later, as an Intel Officer at the Pentagon, before and after September 11, 15 hour days followed by hour plus drive to and from work were not unusual. What most dont realize that just about every flag officer in the Pentagon up to CNO kept longer hours than I did.
So to us sailors sleep deprivation is as familiar as the smell of salt in the air and the rocking of the ship. Its been part of our culture for so long, along with the ever increasing requirement to do MORE WITH LESS, that I think it would be extremely difficult for some skippers to adjust.
However, with the increased visibility this issue is gathering, I believe change is coming. We have a lot to learn from other industries and hopefully, fatigue will play a lesser and lesser role in accidents.
Waaaaaaaaaaaaaay back in the early 90s, on my destroyer (as a newly reported bright eyed Ensign, albeit with some previous sea time in merchants), I asked the SWO:"WEPS, this constant watch rotation is really bad, you can never adjust you body to it…why don't we stand watches like in the Merchant Marines (the Mates & Engineers NEVER shift watches)?"
WEPS: "Then no one would ever see all the evolutions necessary for qualification."
Me:"Then how about we rotate the watches only every two months? Over a 6 month deployment, everyone would get to participate in roughly all the evolutions?"
WEPS: "Go away".
I have never seen a satisfactory anwer to this. Concur with CAPT Leenhouts post.
Forced rotating billets with such frequency is more senior officer laziness than anything else. They progress up the chain and forget from where they came.
Michael Junge
MIDN Withington – great start! This topic comes up with increasing frequency. My read file has an article from 1998 on "The Need for Sleep". This is a lesson we will insist on learning over and over – for lots of reasons. Some of them brougt out by the commenters to your post.
First of all – Rotating watches are much more a product of numerous other issues than "senior officer laziness".
Not everyone wants to stand the 00-04, 22-02, 04-08, or even 12-17…or whatever watch rotation you may come up with on a regular basis.
Abnormal evolutions, underway replenishments, general quarters drills, and even meetings defeat a fixed rotation more often than not. Having stood fixed watches in CIC those, evolutions play havoc with sleep cycles and careful scheduling can mitigate, but not remove, that havoc.
But…what has a larger impact on fatigue than the rotating watches are inefficiency on the part of leadership AND watchstanders.
Does the officer who stood the midwatch really need to be at Officer's Call? Or can the non-watchstanding CPO or 1st Class cover that morning?
What about the Daily Ops Brief? Does it need to be after dinner? Does it need to be 2 hours long? Does everyone need to be there?
Do you really need to finish that movie or up your "Guitar Hero" score before taking the "Ten to Two"? Or is a half hour or hour nap a better option?
In command I placed an important emphasis on sleep – for myself and the crew. And in many cases it paid off. And, there were those who took advantage of it by skipping meetings they were available for, awake for, and needed at…but chose to use rest as the excuse not to attend. And…I am certain that despite my emphasis on getting rested, that there are those who thought my words hollow and insincere – and chose to work themselves and their people inefficiently and dangerously. Even when later corrected.
This is a HUGE cultural issue…and a Flag level advocate will not make an iota of difference. This is an issue won or lost at the E5, E6, E7, O1, O2, and O3 level…with advice and support from above…but won or lost at that level.
A Flag or General officer advocate is essential to make an iota of difference and it always has an impact!I believe we have seen some of that impact on this blog.I truly believe comments on the blog can very easily be misconstrued and as officers we should make every effort to debate the content of ideas presented and all of us should greet each others ideas with the mental and willfull attitude of a salute(to avoid embarrassment).Things can of course be handled at the junior officer and senior petty officer and Chief level,this shows a terrific understanding of the real world aboard ship,but I believe this is such an important issue for the fleet that it should be also addressed anew at the highest levels,as a yardstick or a warning for the Navy,as a former officer assigned to the USNR and regular Coast Guard I draw the following conclusion.There is no doubt that failure to address this issue in this time of stress and WAR will reult in shipboard accidents,more collisions at sea,groundings and loss of life.I am reminded of the WW11 FLEET ADMIRAL who was known to take a nap in the middle of a sea battle and ws quite successfull.We all learned that lesson at GTMO,I think that`s why they teach it there not to haze us but to make sailors remember and to save lives when aproaching this important issue.The infantry may not have this luxury,we can`t all meet the sleep deprivation tempo of Rangers or most special forces but the Navy has less of an excuse not to address this issue and ensure It`s crews are as well rested,well fed,and in as good a shape as possible in this time of WAR! This is a personal "Safety Recommendation for the Sea Services"based on my limited experience. ………Hospital Medic and combat veteran(for further discussion and information only pending action by appropriate higher authorities)
willful not willfull,and I hope all of our comments lead to a successful not successfull outcome in regards to this serious issue raised by a WEST POINT cadet.
Unfortunately make that an Academy Midshipman,but that I believe is the Army`s loss.
Well, unfortunately they were able to grab my brother!
Thank you for your support on this issue, sir!


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About Jeff Masters
Cat 6 lead authors: WU cofounder Dr. Jeff Masters (right), who flew w/NOAA Hurricane Hunters 1986-1990, & WU meteorologist Bob Henson, @bhensonweather
By: Dr. Jeff Masters , 4:46 PM GMT on January 23, 2012
The calendar says it's the coldest month of winter, but today's weather is more typical of March, as a vigorous spring-like storm system has spawned a rare and deadly January tornado outbreak. Twenty tornadoes were reported in Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee last night and this morning, killing at least two, injuring 100, and causing major damage. Two deaths were reported in Canter Point and one unconfirmed death in Oak Grove in Alabama, from a tornado that ripped through the area near 3:30 am EST. The deaths were the first of the 2012 tornado season. In Clanton, about 50 miles south of Birmingham, Alabama, a separate tornado hit near 8:12 am EST this morning, trapping people in overturned trailer homes, destroying the WKLF radio studio, and toppling a 302-foot high transmission tower.
Figure 1. Satellite image taken at 9:45 am EST Monday January 23, 2012, of the major spring-like storm that spawned tornadoes over the Southern U.S. Image credit: NASA/GSFC.
Figure 2. Radar reflectivity image of the tornado that hit Clanton, Alabama this morning, trapping people in overturned trailer homes, destroying the WKLF radio studio, and toppling a 302-foot high transmission tower.
Significant historical January tornado outbreaks
Historically, January has been the least active month for tornadoes in the U.S. According to the Tornado History Project, during the 61-year period 1950 - 2010, 1223 January tornadoes occurred--an average of twenty per year. There have been two Januarys with no reported tornadoes--2003 and 1986. Thus far in 2012, there have been 44 preliminary tornado reports, so we are already at double the historical January average, with a week still to go in the month. NOAA's Storm Prediction Center has put Alabama and Georgia in their "Slight Risk" area for severe weather the remainder of today, so it is likely we will add a few more tornadoes to this month's tally before the outbreak is finished. January 2012 appears likely to become one of the top-five busiest months for January tornadoes in recorded history. Only four years since 1950 have had more than 50 January tornadoes:
January 1999 218
January 2008 88
January 1975 54
January 1997 50
The most recent significant January tornado outbreak occurred last year on January 1, 2011, when seven tornadoes, including two EF-3s, touched down in Mississippi, injuring two people.
The most prolific January tornado outbreak on record occurred January 21 - 22, 1999, when 126 tornadoes, including one violent F-4, hit Arkansas, Missouri, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Texas, and Alabama, killing nine people. A separate outbreak four days earlier, on January 17, spawned 22 tornadoes.
On January 7 - 11, 2008, a series of 75 tornadoes hit the U.S. This second busiest-ever U.S. January tornado outbreak hit southwestern Missouri, northwestern Arkansas and the surrounding areas the hardest. A strong supercell in northern Illinois and southeastern Wisconsin produced that region's first January tornadoes since 1967. Four people were killed, and the tornadoes did $88 million in damage. Fifteen strong EF-2 and EF-3 tornadoes were reported.
The deadliest January tornado since record keeping began in 1950 occurred on January 23, 1969, when an F-4 tornado hit a 5-county region south of Jackson Mississippi, killing 32 people.
Spring-like thunderstorms hit Chicago
Thunderstorms along the cold front from the storm that spawned today's deadly tornadoes rumbled through Chicago, Illinois last night, dropping over one-half inch of rain on ground covered by four inches of snow. Spring-like January thunderstorms in Chicago used to be a rare occurrence, but have become increasingly common in recent years. During the 50-year period 1947- 1996, Chicago's O'Hare Airport recorded ten days with thunder, on days when the high temperature reached at least 40°F. In the 16-year period 1997- 2012, there have been nine such days, so January spring-like thunderstorms have roughly tripled in frequency in Chicago in recent years. January 2008 set the record for most January thunderstorm days in Chicago, with three.
Big solar flare headed toward Earth
This morning at 03:39 UTC, big sunspot 1402 erupted, sending a coronal mass ejection (CME) headed towards Earth. This CME is expected to set off a solar storm on January 24 - 25. NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center is advising that high-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms; long-duration storms may cause transformer damage. Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; possible changes in satellite drag affect orbit predictions. HF radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes, and aurora may be seen as low as New York, Idaho, mid-Aleutians. According to NOAA, this is the strongest solar storm since May 2005.
Jeff Masters
The views of the author are his/her own and do not necessarily represent the position of The Weather Company or its parent, IBM.
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Cat 6 lead authors: WU cofounder Dr. Jeff Masters (right), who flew w/NOAA Hurricane Hunters 1986-1990, & WU meteorologist Bob Henson, @bhensonweather

subset: commoncrawl


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Additional Information
Made of 96% acetate and 4% spandex. Machine wash cold, separately, gentle cycle. Use only non-chlorine bleach when needed. Tumble dry low. Cool iron if necessary. Made in the United States.
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Please note, sizes S-XL are considered missy/standard and sizes 1X-3X are considered womens/plus. Each set are graded separately and sizing may overlap.


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Human Rights Training Workshop for National Human Rights CSOs and ActivistsNov 21, 2012
The outbreak of the Libyan revolution in February 2011 has been followed by accusations of human rights violations by involved parties. This has added to the 42 years heritage of human rights violations committed by the previous regime. As a common feature of the Arab Spring Revolution, the huge accumulation of violations and imposed rights restrictions was the main driver for Libya's uprising.
Undoubtedly, immense challenges lie ahead. The conditions of detention and treatment of detainees held by various revolutionary brigades and the lack of oversight by the central authorities creates an environment conducive to torture and ill-treatment. Moreover, a structure and process for judicial screening of detainees is not put in place yet so that those detainees held without any legal basis can be released while others receive a fair trial.
The concept of civil society is new to the national context, most of the CSOs are newly established, lacking sufficient capacities to meet expectations and achieve their objectives. Recently, there has been an initiative launched by few Human Rights CSOs to synergizing the efforts of Human Rights groups and activists, & aiming at establishing a common platform to coordinate their work, and unify their efforts, some were calling for establishing a "National Coalition for Human Rights", but this is still at its early stages.
In close collaboration with UNSMIL, UNDP through its "Support to Civic Engagement (SCELT)" & "Transitional Governance" Projects aims at educating the Libyan civil society organizations for civic engagement and the establishment and facilitation of national human rights networks.
With this background, a Human rights training workshop for national Human Rights CSOs and activists has been organized in partnership with the National Council for Human Rights and Public Liberties with the aim to Increase knowledge and understanding on challenges & opportunities in human rights issues among the CSOs, build partnerships and facilitate establishment of active human rights networks to support synergized approach, and develop capacities for Human Rights Advocacy and monitoring to undertake in the future actions such as Build a strategy for national CSOs to monitor human rights status and violation, and support scaling up and dissemination of knowledge acquired during the workshop form nucleus of trained CSOs and activists for further advocacy and capacity building processes.
The training took place at the Radisson blu hotel in Tripoli, from 10 to 15 of November 2012, the opening ceremony witnessed high profile participation by the Libyan Human Rights Council, where the deputy of the council, UNDP country director, & the representative of the Arab human rights organisation, speakers have emphasised the importance of increasing the basic knowledge on Human Rights among the civil society through similar events, and the need for the human rights CSOs to have a more coordinated approach to improve their capacity ion monitoring and advocacy for human rights.
The participants came from more than 8 different cities, and represented several Human rights CSOs, among them and the most inspiring participants were the Human Rights Activists from the Tawrgha IDP camp, who were very happy not only to participate and gain knowledge, but also to discuss and present their needs and living conditions in their internal exile.


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New DTrace Probes in PostgreSQL 8.4
By rnl on Mar 02, 2009
DTrace probes were introduced in PostgreSQL starting in 8.2. Initially, only a handful were added, and they were mostly for developers. In 8.4, many more (46 to be exact) have been added, and they are targeted more toward database administrators as shown below.
query-parse-start(const char \*) query-parse-done(const char \*) query-rewrite-start(const char \*) query-rewrite-done(const char \*) query-plan-start() query-plan-done() query-execute-start() query-execute-done() query-start(const char \*) query-done(const char \*) statement-status(const char \*) sort-start(int, bool, int, int, bool) sort-done(unsigned long, long) buffer-read-start(ForkNumber, BlockNumber, Oid, Oid, Oid, bool) buffer-read-done(ForkNumber, BlockNumber, Oid, Oid, Oid, bool, bool)buffer-flush-start(Oid, Oid, Oid) buffer-flush-done(Oid, Oid, Oid) buffer-hit(bool)buffer-miss(bool) buffer-checkpoint-start(int) buffer-checkpoint-sync-start() buffer-checkpoint-done() buffer-sync-start(int, int) buffer-sync-written(int) buffer-sync-done(int, int, int) buffer-write-dirty-start(ForkNumber, BlockNumber, Oid, Oid, Oid) buffer-write-dirty-done(ForkNumber, BlockNumber, Oid, Oid, Oid) deadlock-found() checkpoint-start(int) checkpoint-done(int, int, int, int, int) clog-checkpoint-start(bool) clog-checkpoint-done(bool) subtrans-checkpoint-start(bool) subtrans-checkpoint-done(bool) multixact-checkpoint-start(bool) multixact-checkpoint-done(bool) twophase-checkpoint-start() twophase-checkpoint-done() smgr-md-read-start(ForkNumber, BlockNumber, Oid, Oid, Oid) smgr-md-read-done(ForkNumber, BlockNumber, Oid, Oid, Oid, const char \*, int, int) smgr-md-write-start(ForkNumber, BlockNumber, Oid, Oid, Oid) smgr-md-write-done(ForkNumber, BlockNumber, Oid, Oid, Oid, const char \*, int, int) xlog-insert(unsigned char, unsigned char) xlog-switch() wal-buffer-write-dirty-start() wal-buffer-write-dirty-done()
Documentation should be available in 8.4 doc page soon, but if you don't want to wait, check out the doc patch I recently submitted. If you're using or plan to use the probes, I'd love to hear your feedback, both positive and constructive!
Special thanks to Theo Schlossnagle, Robert Treat, Zdenek Kotala, Alvaro Herrera and Simon Riggs for their contributions with the probes as well as reviewing them.


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Thicker Fuller Hair Root Lift and Bodifying Spray
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Was this review helpful?(Yes)(No)Dec 3, 2012Darlene J. / San Diego, CAHAIR TYPEDark Brown / Fine or Thin Hair
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This Is A Great Product!I have been using Thicker and Fuller products for a long time. I have very fine, thin hair and I have had my hair permed regularly for years. As I've gotten older, the perm does not take as well in the top of my hair. My hairdresser says it happens as we get older........sigh.......sith the lesseining of hormones. Anyway, I saw this root lifter on the shelf at the drug store and bought it. I've never had anything but good results from everything I've tried from this product line so there was no hesitation. I followed the instructions on the bottle. This root lifter does just that.....lifts my roots without weighting down my hair. All other root lifting products weights my hair down and ultimately defeat the purpose of using the product and just makes my hair look dirty much faster. Thicker and Fuller Hair root lift does not have this effect on my hair. I recommend it 100%. My only complaint is that it is very hard to find in my area......I can't even find it in the store I originally discovered it.
Was this review helpful?(Yes)(No)Jan 27, 2012Brenda S. / MichiganHAIR TYPEMedium Brown / Fine or Thin Hair
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Executive Compensation: Where We are, and How We Got There
Kevin J. Murphy
University of Southern California - Marshall School of Business; USC Gould School of Law
August 12, 2012
George Constantinides, Milton Harris, and René Stulz (eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance. Elsevier Science North Holland (Forthcoming)
Marshall School of Business Working Paper No. FBE 07.12
In this study, I summarize the current state of executive compensation, discuss measurement and incentive issues, document recent trends in executive pay in both U.S. and international firms, and analyze the evolution of executive pay over the past century. Most recent analyses of executive compensation have focused on efficient-contracting or managerial-power rationales for pay, while ignoring or downplaying the causes and consequences of disclosure requirements, tax policies, accounting rules, legislation, and the general political climate. A major theme of this study is that government intervention has been both a response to and a major driver of time trends in executive compensation over the past century, and that any explanation for pay that ignores political factors is critically incomplete.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 179
Keywords: Executive compensation, CEO Pay, Regulation, Disclosure, Stock options, Accounting, Corporate governance, Sarbanes-Oxley, Dodd-Frank, International Pay
JEL Classification: G34, G38, J31, J33, J38, K22, K34, M12, M41, M48, M52
Date posted: April 17, 2012 ; Last revised: August 13, 2012
Suggested Citation
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HELPER-Our loving husband, father, grandfather, brother, neighbor and longtime friend, Robert Joseph Limone, age 69, passed away July 29, 2013 after a month long battle with cancer.
He was born May 30, 1944 in Price, Utah to John Carl and Enis Busato Limone.
Funeral service was held Friday, August 2, 2013, 11 a.m., Mitchell Funeral Home (233 East Main Street) in Price. Family was at Mitchell's Thursday evening from 6:00-8:00 p.m. and Friday one hour prior to services. Interment, Mt. View Cemetery, Helper. Arrangements entrusted to Mitchell Funeral Home of Price where friends are always welcome daily and may share memories of Bob at www.mitchellfuneralhome.net.


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Product DescriptionGamakatsu's Superline Offset Shank Extra Wide Gap Worm Hook is a high-carbon, heavy-wire hook designed to fish braided line in heavy cover. Gamakatsu's Superline Offset Shank EWG is built for serious flipping in the tules, overhead mats or pads. Perfect when you require a quicker descent rate without increasing size or adding weight.
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Students are required to take part in a group or individual orientation session with the Alvernia University Life Office before departure, and also a re-entry orientation session upon their return to campus.
Also, all Arcadia approved programs begin with a comprehensive in-country orientation, and co-curricular activities are scheduled throughout the program. Students are eligible to earn a Co-Curricular Learning Certificate through Arcadia University.
The students are required to complete a Study Abroad Assessment Form within two weeks of your return to Alvernia's campus, to ensure a smooth transition back into your academic classes and to learn how to integrate your experience with your personal and career plans. You will have an opportunity to share your experiences with the wider campus community if you wish.
Please watch for posted Events and Announcements to register to attend a group session, or to schedule an individual session with the Coordinator at 610-790-1982.


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You are browsing the Subject Heading Social Responsibility Programs which contains 2 record(s)
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- Girls For A Change
Girls For A Change (GFC) is a national organization that empowers thousands of teen girls to create and lead social change. GFC provides girls with professional female role models, leadership training... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Resource Center for Nonviolence
The Resource Center for Nonviolence promotes the practice of nonviolence in personal and social change to create a more just, peaceful and sustainable world. We believe that there is no force more pow... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
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Nine days after voters cast their ballots, final vote counts show that Democrats Gwen Lachelt and Julie Westendorff won the two contested seats on the three-person La Plata County Board of County Commissioners.
Vote tallies show Lachelt beat Republican incumbent Kellie Hotter by 174 votes and Westendorff beat Republican Harry Baxstrom by 320 votes.
The vote spread in both races is greater than the number that would require a recount.
Lachelt received 14,095 votes or 50.3 percent of the votes, compared with Hotter's 13,921 votes or 49.7 percent.
Westendorff received 14,098 votes to the 13,778 Baxstrom received – a split of 50.6 percent to 49.4 percent.
The new results include counts of provisional ballots, mail-in ballots that had signature issues and military ballots. The latter two couldn't be counted until Wednesday.
The results still are unofficial until they get the final sign-off Tuesday by the canvass board, a committee composed of the county clerk and recorder and representatives appointed by the major parties. But La Plata County Clerk and Recorder Tiffany Lee Parker said she doesn't anticipate any issues.
A county commissioner race hasn't been this close in 20 years, Parker said.
"I guess you could say we have a pretty equally divided county," she said.
The newest counts provide a firm resolution to the race, Westendorff said.
"In my mind, it says, 'OK, time to get to work,'" she said.
With her win cemented, Lachelt thanked voters and the many volunteers who helped her campaign.
"I feel great about the fact that we ran a strong campaign," she said. "We knocked on thousands of doors, and I believe the people responded to that."
Throughout her campaign, Lachelt emphasized that she faced an uphill battle. The District 2 seat hasn't been held by a Democrat since 1993. Republican Shirley Baty won the seat in 1992 and was re-elected in 1996. She stepped down midway through her second term and the local Republican Party appointed Bob Lieb Sr.
Lieb followed a similar path, winning the District 2 race in 2000 and 2004 before he stepped down in 2005. The party appointed Hotter in his place and she went on to win the 2008 election by a margin of 58 percent to 42 percent.
"A lot of people were absolutely shocked that the seat had been passed down from Republican to Republican for almost two decades," Lachelt said.
Reflecting on the tightness of the race, Lachelt said she would be taking a "measured approach" moving forward in her new position.
Westendorff indicated the county's comprehensive plan might fare better after she and Lachelt take their seats.
"Gwen and I both favor bringing back discussion of the comprehensive plan," she said.
Westendorff said there are other issues she plans to tackle before the comprehensive plan, though, such as a new intergovernmental agreement between the city and the county, lease negotiations for a federal courtroom and land-use code revisions.
Lieb welcomed the two new commissioners to the dais.
"This is yet another new chapter in the life and times of La Plata County and the county commissioners," he said.
He added, "My most important desire with this outcome is that both new commissioners will respect the work and initiatives we've been working on, that they see value in them and continue to shepherd them on to completion."
Hotter said she will leave the commission with continued concerns about Lachelt's nonprofit background.
"I have grave concerns about our economic health going forward and about this new board of county commissioners growing government and not focusing on our core mandates," she said.
She said she will take the next six months to figure out her next step.
"I have a lot more leadership to provide. I just have to decide how best to plug it in," she said
The new commissioners will be sworn in Jan. 8.


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UNEP is led by a United Nations Under Secretary - General and Executive Director, and Supporetd by a Deputy Director
Achim Steiner
UNEP Executive Director and Under Secretary - General of the United Nations
UNEP, established in 1972, is the voice for the environment within the United Nations system. UNEP acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to promote the wise use and sustainable development of the global environment.
UNEP work encompasses:
Our Planet: Rio+20: From Outcome to Implementation
"To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment
by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their
quality of life without compromising that of future generations."
"to be the leading global environmental authority that sets the global
environmental agenda, that promotes the coherent implementation of the
environmental dimensions of sustainable development within the United Nations system
and that serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment"


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PRICE-Karen Monique Arnold Gilg, age 51, passed away on June 24, 2012 in Castle Dale, Utah. She was born on June 6, 1961 in Salt Lake City, Utah to Robert Lewis and Rachelle Williams Jackson. Karen married Brent Christiansen and together they had three children, later divorced. She married Robert Gilg on Jan. 30, 2010 in Castle Dale, Utah.
Funeral Services will be held Thursday, June 28, 2012 at 11 a.m. at the Price LDS North Stake Center (449 North 100 East.) A viewing will be held Thursday, June 28, 2012 from 9:30-10:30 a.m. prior to the service at the church. Interment will be held in the Castle Dale City Cemetery at 2 p.m. Services are in the care of Fausett Mortuary. Family and friends may sign the guest book and share memories of Karen at www.fausettmortuary.com.


text: Next → Could Conservatives Overthrow Boehner? What History Can Tell Us ← Previous Highlight from the Recasting Presidential History Conference: Grace Elizabeth Hale You might also like... Miller Center Senior Fellows (11/30/16) The Element of Experience (07/28/16) Which of these presidents thought that "government is the problem?" (07/14/16) Richard Nixon's Greatest Hits (04/21/16) American Forum: John Kasich (02/29/16) Presidential Speech Archive American President: A Reference Resource Presidential Recordings Presidential Oral Histories ← Return to Riding The Tiger December 6, 2012 By Carah Ong Highlight from the Recasting Presidential History Conference: Darren Dochuk on Religious Ecologies Darren Dochuck, "There Will Be Oil: Presidential Politics, Wildcat Religion, and the Culture Wars of Pipeline Politics." Darren Dochuk's paper and presentation at the Miller Center's Recasting Presidential History conference in October is another terrific example of cutting edge work that points to the rich opportunities for conservation between political history, social and cultural history and the presidency. Dochuk, an Associate Professor in the Humanities at the John C. Danforth Center on Religion and Politics at Washington University in St. Louis, asserts that there are relatively few historians who have foregrounded religion in their studies of the presidency and that those who have, have generally done so in ways that resonate with the old presidential synthesis of history that deemed the supreme commander the supreme force in American politics. There is a familiar narrative among historians who write of faith and presidency in which presidents, "humbled by sin, budding politician encounters God, dedicates life to civil service, appeals to his people with piety, then as the anointed governs with a firm imposition of will." Faith in this popular storyline is an isolated impulse or a catalogued theology of the president that doesn't track to the day-to-day muddles of real politics. The measurement of belief and action is usually done within the context of culture war issues like abortion and gay marriage. According to Dochuk, what remains is a rather superficial literature "in which priestly presidents still act as free-floating agents who dictate, not simply embody, the spirit of their age." Dochuk invites us to instead consider a new, more exciting dimension in our rendering of presidential history by examining how presidents have grappled with the sacred environments they have inherited. We need to look beyond spiritual biographies and "examine the religious ecologies that shape the politics of a place, and define the presidents and presidencies that emerge from them." Recent innovations, for example, have shown how religious interests, especially Protestant ones, have influenced presidential politics and policy. Scholarly progress can be made by moving away from conventional renderings of the priestly president towards more textured political histories that embed presidencies and presidents in their deepest social contexts. Dochuk makes that case that a new generation of scholars should pay attention to the "moral geographies that presidencies and presidents inhabit and engage," and in so doing, "we will also be compensated with histories that make it harder to differentiate between the social and political, the political and religious." Dochuk offers empirical evidence to show faith shaping the course of modern American politics in subtle but critical ways in the nation's oil patches —Western Pennsylvania, Southern California, Oklahoma and Texas. Dochuk observes that the nation's oil patches have nursed evangelicalism for a good part of modern U.S. history and reinforced the proclivities of independent oil. As a result, pipelines have been a concern not just for politicians and CEOs, but also for Christian citizens and their church. In different moments in history, the president has been affected by pipeline politics. In some cases, oil-patch evangelicalism has stirred protest against some administrations. At other times, it has stirred support for other administrations. An elaborate system of Christian ministries has also given moral support to oil-friendly interests and conveyed these interests to presidential candidates. This system has also helped coordinate lobbies and activated citizens to express their interests in Washington. It has also influenced how Christians think about energy, climate change and America's place in the world. Finally, the effects of this network are not observed only intermittently or around election time. Rather its influence can be observed in ongoing struggles for new pipelines, drill sites, support for oil interests and in the theological imperative underlying the current political mantra to "drill, baby, drill." Tweet Date edited: 12/06/2012 (4:52PM) Comments Rules for Comments We reserve the right to remove any post or user. Things that will get comments edited/deleted: Offensive or abusive language or behavior Misrepresentation (i.e., claiming to be somebody you're not) – using a "handle" is fine as long as it isn't offensive, abusive, or misrepresentative Posting of copyrighted materials Spam, solicitations, or advertisements of any kind We hope these rules will keep the discussion lively and on topic. Commenting is not available in this channel entry. ← Return to Riding The Tiger


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AppJS is a SDK on top of nodejs to develop desktop applications using HTML/CSS/JS
This is the Windows package for AppJS. See the included appjs folder for the full README.
( The MIT License )
Copyright (c) 2012 Morteza Milani and other AppJS contributors
See the LICENSE file for details.


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Skip to comments.AP Calls Race for Deb Fischer
Posted on 05/15/2012 8:25:51 PM PDT by Vigilanteman
OMAHA, Neb. - The Associated Press has projected Deb Fischer as the winner of the GOP nomination for U.S. Senate.
Most of the evening, Jon Bruning maintained a lead over Fischer; however, during the 9 p.m. hour, the lead switched in favor of Fischer.
Just under 6,000 votes separated the top two candidates when the Associated Press called the race.
(Excerpt) Read more at ketv.com ...
WOW I am stunned, stunned I tell ya, the media is constantly saying how irrelevant Sarah Palin is yet another endorsed candidate wins again..THAT'S the power of Palin
Will the GOPe try to pull another Murkowski?
Fischer is a smart lady and the turnout tonight for the Republicans were 2 to 1 to the Dems voting for Kerry. Sarah's pull is amazing.....helping turn Fischer who was down 15 points in polls just a few weeks ago to winning by 5% is political power
Way to go Palin.
I am stunned as well. How bout that Nebraska Comeback.
(unlike Ben Nelson's Cornhusker Kick-Back)
Can't be. The tea party is dead. Palin is washed up. Rove said it was so on Fox. And all in the GOP-e agreed and said all was good. Sheesh. If we can't trust Rove/Fox/GOP-e, who can we trust.
Another headache for Mitch McConnell. Let's keep them coming!
Nothing would surprise me at this point! If they actually got behind Fischer, she could probably win but they doesn't fit with their narrative that Sarah Palin is irrelevant.
By the way, I LOVE your tagline! : )
It's Palin power baby, Palin power..some don't want to admit it but she does make a difference..also Ted Cruz said today on Mark Levin's radio show that the moment Palin endorsed him the phones were off the hook with new supporters
Wahoooo! Let's watch RINO heads explode tomorrow.
Thank you :)
Lordy, I pray she can beat kerry!!!!!!!!!!!!
"Ted Cruz said today on Mark Levins radio show that the moment Palin endorsed him the phones were off the hook with new supporters"
Same thing happened in Indiana
Watching her acceptance speech now. Really good. Very down to earth and she sounds like a NEBRASKAN!
Another shake up.
let us hope not
That will be Rove's line, but his will be more condescending and negative.
Thanks for this news!
Bruning called Fischer to concede, he may be a liberal Republican, but unlike Lugar he showed class in wanting to come together as a party to defeat the Dem so I give him that
Another headache for Mitch McConnell. Lets keep them coming!
Mitch reminds me of ......
"Turtle, turtle."
Hey Laura Ingraham....Hey Ann Coulter.....PFFFFFFTTTT!!!!
Palin power!
Better. I thought Stenberg and Fischer were going to split the vote and let Bruning slip in.
Bruning conceded....will work to help defeat Kerry.
WOW! Didn't realize she was that far back to come out ahead! Political power, indeed - many know she can be trusted and can't be bought! I never bother listening to political endorsements - they mean nothing to me but, yeah, when Sarah speaks, I listen!
That's why I am writing her name in for POTUS this November.
Well done, Nebraska! :D
Oh, perfect! I haven't seen that in awhile. Thank you!
Hell yes!! WooHoo to Palin Power!!
Where's Pissant?
She will be so happy!
God bless Sarah Palin!!
No! No!
I'm still enjoying this good news thread - pics and all! I want it to last a bit longer.
Tokyo Rove is deeply saddened.
I was just reading that one. Thanks for the ping. Go Deb!, and thanks Sarah.
Awesome, awesome news.
You're right, I didn't think of that - I was only thinking about myself! LOL!! She/The Palin's deserve to be happy. Todd must be thinking 'that's my Sarah, again'!
Actually, Lugar immediately endorsed Mourdock.
That's where Palin came in. Somebody said she recognized that Stenberg gets stuck at around 20% support so people needed to solidify around Fischer. I knew I couldn't vote for Bruning once I heard about him sending a letter to Congress urging the confirmation of Eric Holder as AG. I was thinking I'd vote for Stenberg until Palin endorsed Fischer and the polls looked like it was Fischer who could beat Bruning. I think that's probably what happened with a lot of people.
As crazy as it sounds, this was also a victory for Stenberg, because it was the ads on his behalf that got Bruning defeated - even if it wasn't he who ended up as the candidate.
What I really hope is that this causes a discussion about Eric Holder. I hope the Congress-critters realize how much America despises that fox guarding the henhouse, whose stated purpose is to keep "his people" (Blacks, commies, terrorists, illegals, Obama thugs, etc) from ever being prosecuted for violating the law. Americans want the rule of law, not a banana republic. I hope the Congress-critters grow a pair when they realize how much it matters to us peons WHO VOTE!
Palin shows her power once again! Step by step we are going to take this party back.
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Despite her injuries, Abigail Wetherell of Haring Township, Mich., is expected to be released from the hospital in a few days.
DETROIT -- The attack left her clothes shredded, her body cut and bruised.
But a 12-year-old girl who was attacked by a black bear in Michigan is expected to be released from the hospital in a few days.
Abigail Wetherell of Haring Township was attacked while she was out running in Wexford County late Thursday. She was flown to Munson Medical Center in Traverse City, where her condition was stable Friday after she underwent surgery, said Ed Golder, a spokesman for the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.
Abigail, who is also known as Abby, has serious cuts on her thigh as well as puncture wounds and bruises, but is expected to recover.
The bear was on the loose, and authorities were trying to trap it. If caught, the bear will be euthanized and tested for rabies and other diseases.
It was unclear why the bear attacked the girl, Golder said.
"That's an area of great interest," he said.
The attack appears to have been unprovoked, and Golder said there is no evidence of bear cubs in the area, which might explain an attack if it had been a mother bear.
Abby's grandfather, Dave Wetherell, 66, owns the property. Wetherell said there are lots of bears in the area, but this is the first time there's been an attack.
"Typically, the bear will run from you," he said. "It's very scary to think that you're just walking in the woods, and all of a sudden you're attacked by a bear."
The girl was attacked after 9 p.m., while she was running on a dirt road behind a cabin, where she often goes. She spotted the bear in her peripheral vision and tried to run faster, but the bear knocked her to the ground. She got up and tried to run, but the bear knocked her down a second time and mauled her. She even tried to play dead at one point, although experts discourage that when it comes to black bear attacks.
The girl was rescued when a neighbor heard her cries and scared the bear off.
Wetherell was able to speak with his granddaughter after the attack. He noted that even though she was in a great deal of pain, Abby, who is a goalie on a traveling soccer team, was more concerned about her team losing its goalie for a period.
Wetherell called Abby a brave young lady. She's a hunter who loves the outdoors, and she already announced her intention to return to the area where she was attacked.
Adam Bump, the DNR's bear and fur-bearer specialist, said bear attacks are rare in Michigan. Bump said there's typically about one report a year of a minor attack by a mother bear trying to protect her cubs.
There have been three documented cases of fatal bear attacks in Michigan, the last one in the Porcupine Mountains in the Upper Peninsula in 1978, Bump said, citing the book "Understanding Michigan Black Bear: The Truth about Bears and Bear Hunting," by Richard P. Smith.
But such cases are not representative of the state's bears.
"The normal, typical Michigan bear is going to do everything it can to avoid contact with people," Bump said, noting that it may be impossible to determine why the bear attacked.
The DNR notes on its website that black bears are most active at dusk and dawn. They are opportunistic feeders, eating everything from insects and plants to carrion, but they can prey on small- to medium-sized animals, too. Adult females can weigh 90 to 300 pounds, and adult males can weigh 130 to 500 pounds.
Bear safety
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources has a list of tips for people who are in areas frequented by bears:
• To avoid surprising bears, travel in small groups and make noise.
• If you encounter a bear, stand your ground and then slowly back away. Do not turn away. Do not show fear and run. Do not play dead.
• Make yourself look bigger and talk to the bear in a stern voice.
• Fight back if actually attacked — with a backpack, stick or bare hands.
• Carry pepper spray, which proved to be effective in fending off bear attacks.


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Long journey by bus from yavatmal to gondia is made effortless by redBus, one of the eminent bus ticketing platform fulfilling most of the travel requirements. Numerous operators run their buses in this route creating ample amount of convenience for many people in India. Secured online ticket reservation process and easy booking techniques help every traveler to undergo smooth booking.
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Yavatmal is a city in Maharashtra. The name Yavatmal has been derived from the Yavat mountain of Maharashtra. Yavatmal is also known as the cotton city as because it is one of the cotton growing districts of Maharashtra. Cotton is the important cash crop of the place and maximum cultivators of the city are under the process of cotton cultivation. Maharashtra is the state that produces almost one – third amount of cotton. The major producer of cotton in Maharashtra is Yavatmal.