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The Netherlands 1904 – United States of America 1997
Woman V
oil and charcoal on canvas
signed l.l., oil, "de Kooning", not dated
154.5 (h) x 114.5 (w) cm
Framed 1575 (h) x 1164 (w) x 55 (d) cm Purchased 1974 National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
NGA 1974.385 © Willem de Kooning/ARS. Licensed by Viscopy
- the artist;
- from whom bought through Sidney Janis Gallery, New York, by Mrs Maurice Culburg (later Mrs Arthur Rosenberg), Chicago, 1954;
- from whom bought through Richard Gray Gallery, Chicago, by the Interim Council of the Australian National Gallery, August 1974
- Willem de Kooning: Paintings on the Theme of the Woman
- Sidney Janis Gallery 16 Mar 1953 – 11 Apr 1953
- Sixty-first American Exhibition. Painting and Sculpture
- The Art Institute of Chicago 21 Oct 1954 – 05 Dec 1954
- The New York School, The First Generation: Paintings of the 1940s and 1950s
- Los Angeles County Museum of Art 16 Jul 1965 – 01 Aug 1965
- Willem de Kooning
- Stedelijk Museum 19 Sep 1968 – 17 Nov 1968
- Tate 05 Dec 1968 – 26 Jan 1969
- The Museum of Modern Art 06 Mar 1969 – 27 Apr 1969
- The Art Institute of Chicago 17 May 1969 – 06 Jul 1969
- Los Angeles County Museum of Art 29 Jul 1969 – 14 Sep 1969
- Willem de Kooning, 1941-1959
- Richard Gray Gallery 04 Oct 1974 – 16 Nov 1974
- Genesis of a Gallery 1976-77
- Art Gallery of South Australia 06 Mar 1976 – 04 Apr 1976
- Art Gallery of Western Australia 29 Apr 1976 – 20 May 1976
- Art Gallery, NZV Building, Darwin 19 Jul 1976 – 02 Aug 1976
- University of Queensland 30 Aug 1976 – 12 Sep 1976
- Art Gallery of New South Wales 01 Oct 1976 – 24 Oct 1976
- Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery 27 Jan 1977 – 20 Feb 1977
- Australian National University 10 Mar 1977 – 03 Apr 1977
- National Gallery of Victoria 21 Jul 1978 – 20 Aug 1978
- American Art at Mid-Century: The Subjects of the Artist
- National Gallery of Art, Washington 01 Jun 1978 – 14 Feb 1979
- De Kooning and Dubuffet: The Women
- The Pace Gallery 30 Nov 1990 – 19 Jan 1991
- American Art in the Twentieth Century: Painting and Sculpture
- Zeitgeist-Gesellschaft 08 May 1993 – 25 Jul 1993
- Royal Academy of Arts 17 Sep 1993 – 12 Dec 1993
- Willem de Kooning at the National Gallery of Australia
- 13 Mar 1999 – 30 May 1999
- Painting laid bare. Picasso, Dubuffet, de Kooning, Bacon, Saura.
- Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao 04 Jun 2001 – 19 Aug 2001
- Out & About: the National Gallery tours Australia - De Kooning
- Art Gallery of New South Wales 09 Dec 2002 – 09 Mar 2003
- De Kooning: A Retrospective
- The Museum of Modern Art 18 Sep 2011 – 09 Jan 2012
- Women. Pablo Picasso, Max Beckmann, Willem de Kooning
- Pinakothek der moderne 30 Mar 2012 – 15 Jul 2012
- Abstract Expressionism: the National Gallery of Australia celebrates the centenaries of Jackson Pollock and Morris Louis
- 14 Jul 2012 – 24 Feb 2013
- 61st American exhibition: Painting and sculpture, Art Institute of Chicago 1954, cat. 36, illus. b&w;
- Thomas B. Hess, Willem de Kooning, New York: George Braziller 1959, illus. pl. 124;
- New York School, The first generation: Paintings of the 1940s and 1950s, Los Angeles County Museum of Art 1965, cat. 16, p. 65, illus. b&w p. 74;
- Sidney Tillim, 'The figure and the figurative in Abstract Expressionism', Artforum vol. 4 no. 1, September 1965, pp. 45–48, illus.
- Maurice Tuchman ed., The New York School: The first generation, Greenwich, Conn.: New York Graphic Society 1965, p. 54, illus., a revised edition of the original catalogue for the exhibition The New York school, the first generation: paintings of the 1940s and 1950s, Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art 1965, p. 65, illus. b&w, cat. 16, p. 74 as collection 'Mrs Arthur C. Rosenberg'; also published as The New York School: Abstract Expressionism in the 40s and 50s, London: Thames and Hudson 1970, illus. fig. 17;
- Thomas B. Hess, Willem de Kooning, New York: The Museum of Modern Art for the Arts Council of Great Britain 1968, cat. 59, illus.;
- Gabriella Drudi, Willem de Kooning, Milan: Fratelli Fabbri Editore 1972, illus. pl. 82;
- Franz Schulze, 'Reflections on de Kooning', Artnews vol. 73 no. 9, November 1974, pp. 46–47, illus.;
- Willem de Kooning, 1941–1959, Chicago: Richard Gray Gallery 1974, cat. 1, illus. col. frontispiece;
- George Dickerson, 'The man who painted "Woman V" ', Australian Women's Weekly, 4 December 1974, pp. 6–7, illus. col.;
- Harold Rosenberg, De Kooning, New York: Harry N. Abrams 1974, illus. col. pl. 116;
- Elwyn Lynn, 'The 1976 Adelaide Festival and two spectacular women', Art International vol. 20 no. 6, Summer 1976, pp. 21–25, 52–53, illus. p. 22;
- Genesis of a Gallery, Canberra: the Australian Government Publishing Service for the Australian National Gallery 1976, pp. [20–21], illus. col.;
- Thomas B Hess, 'Four pictures by de Kooning at Canberra', Art and Australia vol. 14 no. 3 & 4, January–April 1977, pp. 289–96, illus. col.;
- Patrick McCaughy, 'The modern period and the Australian National Gallery', Art and Australia vol. 14 no. 3 & 4, January–April 1977, p. 274;
- Genesis of a Gallery: Collection of the Australian National Gallery, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service 1976, p. 20–21, illus., col.;
- Laura Murray, ed., Australian National Gallery, Canberra: Australian National Gallery 1982, p. 29, illus., col.;
- James Mollison and Laura Murray eds, Australian National Gallery: An introduction, Canberra: Australian National Gallery, 1982, p. 64–65, illus., col.;
- Paul Cummings, Jörn Merkert and Claire Stoullig, Willem de Kooning: Drawings paintings sculpture, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, in association with Munich: Prestel-Verlag, and New York and London: W.W. Norton and Co. 1983, cat. 195, illus. col. p. 182 (not in exhibition), German edition issued as Willem de Kooning, Retrospektive: Zeichnungen, Gemälde, Skulpturen, Munich: Prestel-Verlag and Berlin: Akademie der Künste 1984, cat. 195, illus. col. p. 182 (not in exhibition), French edition issued as Willem de Kooning, Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou 1984, illus. col. p. 100 (not in exhibition);
- Harry F. Gaugh, Willem de Kooning, New York: Abbeville Press 1983, pp. 8, 55, 56, illus. col. p. 6 and front cover (detail);
- Diane Waldman, Willem de Kooning, New York and London: Harry N. Abrams 1988, pp. 92, 97, illus. col. p. 96 (and illus. col. front cover, London edition);
- Willem de Kooning, Jean Dubuffet: The women, New York: Pace Gallery 1990, cat. 21, illus. col.;
- David Christos Cateforis, Willem De Kooning's "Women" of the 1950s: A critical history of their reception and interpretation, PhD thesis, Stanford University 1992, illus. b&w p. 357;
- Michael Lloyd and Michael Desmond, European and American paintings and sculptures 1870–1970 in the Australian National Gallery, Canberra: Australian National Gallery 1992, pp. 256–259, illus. col.;
- An introduction to the National Gallery of Australia,Canberra: National Gallery of Australia 1992, p. 68, illus. col.;
- Donald Williams and Barbara Vance Wilson, From caves to canvas: An introduction to Western art,Sydney: McGraw-Hill 1992, pp. 255–256 illus. col., 2nd ed. 1998, pp. 301–302, illus. col.;
- David Lee, 'American Art: The Good, the Bad and Julian Schnabel', Art Review vol. 45, November 1993, pp. 32–38, p. 33, illus. col.;
- Judith Zilczer, Willem de Kooning: From the Hirshhorn Museum collection, Washington: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and New York: Rizzoli 1993, p. 48, illus. b&w fig. 28;
- Willem de Kooning: Contemporary great masters series, Tokyo: Kodansha 1993, illus. col. pl. 21;
- Christos M. Joachimides and Norman Rosenthal eds, American art in the twentieth century: Painting and sculpture, Munich: Prestel-Verlag, London: Royal Academy of Arts, Berlin: Zeitgeist-Gesellschaft 1993, illus. col. p. 89;
- David Sylvester and Richard Shiff, Willem de Kooning: Paintings, Washington: National Gallery of Art 1994, p. 128, illus. col. p. 142 (cat. 30, not in exhibition);
- Acquisitions policy, Canberra: National Gallery of Australia, 1994, p. 50, illus. b&w;
- Lina Tesoriero and Barbara Brinton, Exploring art at the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra: National Gallery of Australia, 1994, schools edition, p. 16, illus. b&w;
- Christies, New York, Contemporary art (part I), Tuesday 18 November 1997, illus. b&w p. 106, fig. 1;
- Michael Desmond, 'Willem de Kooning 1904–1997: An appreciation' artonview no. 10, Winter 1997, pp. 29–31, illus. col.;
- An introduction to the collection, Canberra: National Gallery of Australia 1998, p. 51, illus. col. p. 40;
- Daniel Belgrad, The culture of spontaneity: Improvisation and the arts in postwar America, Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1998, illus. col. pl. 2, Ukrainian version published 2009, pl. illus. col., after p. 256;
- Lucina Ward, 'A dame, some clams and the broad: Willem de Kooning at the NGA', artonview no. 17, Autumn 1999, pp. 26–28, illus. col.;
- Catherine J. Morris, The essential Willem de Kooning, New York: Abrams 1999, illus. col. p. 68 and illus. col. cover (detail);
- Roland Dorn et al., Vincent van Gogh: Face to face, Detroit Institute of Arts 2000, illus. col. p. 245;
- Richard Morphet, Encounters: New art from old, London: National Gallery Company 2000, p. 17, illus. col. p. 15;
- Mildred Glimcher ed., Adventures in art: 40 years at Pace, Milan: Leonardo International and New York: Distributed Art Publishers 2001, illus. col. p. 415 as installed in Willem de Kooning, Jean Dubuffet: The women, Pace Gallery, New York, 30 November 1990 – 5 January 1991;
- Cornelia Butler and Paul Schimmel, Willem de Kooning: Tracing the figure, Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art 2002, pp. 149–150;
- Anthony White, 'Art metropolis: A new display of international art' in artonview no. 32, Summer 2002–2003, p. 20, illus. col.;
- artonview no. 34, Winter 2003, p. 35, illus. col.;
- Barbara Hess, William de Kooning1904–1997: Content as a glimpse, Cologne: Taschen 2004, p. 39, p. 87, p. 94, illus. col.;
- Brian Kennedy, 'The art of Sean Scully: a human spirituality', Sean Scully: Body of light, Canberra: National Gallery of Australia 2004, p. 11, illus. col.;
- Ron Radford ed., Collectionhighlights, Canberra: National Gallery of Australia 2008, p. 232, illus. col.;
- John Elderfield, et al., DeKooning: A Retrospective, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2011, cat. 94, p. 274, p. 281, illus. col. p. 275;
- Carla Schulz-Hoffmann (ed.), Women: Pablo Picasso, Max Beckmann, Willem de Kooning, Munich: Pinakothek der Moderne 2012, cat. 16, p. 45, 56, 92–93 illus col, 247, 329, illus col. (det.), p.2;
Woman V isone of a series of six paintings, made by de Kooning between 1950 and 1953, which depict a three-quarter‑length female figure. He began the first, Woman I,[1] in June 1950, repeatedly changing and painting out the image until January or February 1952, when the work was abandoned, unfinished. The art historian Meyer Schapiro saw the painting in de Kooning's studio and encouraged the artist to persist. De Kooning's response was to begin three other paintings on the same theme: Woman II,[2] Woman III[3] and Woman IV.[4]During the summer of 1952, de Kooning used drawings and pastels to further explore the theme. He may have finished work on Woman I by the end of June, or possibly as late as November 1952, and it is likely that the other three women pictures were concluded at much the same time.
With this group of four paintings near completion, de Kooning began painting Woman V in the autumn of 1952. It was finished in time to be shown at the Sidney Janis Gallery in March 1953. The six paintings, exhibited together for the first time, caused consternation among many artists and critics who felt that de Kooning had betrayed the ideals of abstraction. De Kooning indicated that the Mesopotamian figurines on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, had influenced him. The wide eyes, smiles, prominent breasts and tapering arms of these figures are echoed in the features of de Kooning's women.[5] At the other end of the time spectrum, the grinning mouths that are displayed by all the women in this series seem to have their origins in de Kooning's habit of cutting out the mouths of magazine pin-ups and attaching them to his work.
Unlike Woman I and Woman II, which depict a seated figure, the other paintings in this series show the figure in a standing pose. Woman V is also related to Woman IV and Woman VI[6]in that the figure is standing in what appears to be water. A blue field surrounds the legs of Woman IV and Woman VI,and a transparent blue‑green glaze covers the legs of Woman V.As Woman V is not informed by the summer pastels of Woman IV,another source has been suggested by Thomas B. Hess: Rembrandt's painting A woman bathing in a stream 1655.[7] Although the hands of Woman V are now clasped together at the waist, they were once arranged at each side in a gesture similar to that of the figure in Rembrandt's painting, who holds up her skirt to clear the water as she wades. De Kooning had not seen the picture himself, but it had been widely reproduced, appearing in an article published in Artnews in February 1952 about the cleaning of Old Master paintings at the National Gallery, London. When working on the Woman series Kooning stated that the paintings 'reminded me very much of my childhood being in Holland, near all that water.'[8]
Michael Lloyd and Michael Desmond, European and American paintings and sculptures 1870–1970 in the Australian National Gallery, Canberra: Australian National Gallery 1992, pp. 256–259, revised Lucina Ward 2003
[1]The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Rudolph Burckhardt's photographs of Woman I in progress are often reproduced; see, for example, Paul Cummings, Jörn Merkert and Claire Stoullig, Willem de Kooning: Drawings paintings sculpture, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, in association with Munich: Prestel-Verlag, and New York and London: W.W. Norton and Co. 1983, p. 176.
[2]The Museum of Modern Art, New York
[3] Collection David Geffen, Los Angeles (previously Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art)
[4]Nelson Gallery–Atkins Museum, Kansas City
[5]Sally Yard, 'Willem de Kooning's Women', in Arts Magazine vol. 53 no. 3, November 1978, pp. 96–100; Yard draws attention to particular figurines that were displayed at the Metropolitan Museum at this time. She further comments on similarities between the women (particularly Woman V) andcycladic female figures, which were familiar to de Kooning through reproductions in Cahiers d'Art and as a frontispiece to John Graham's System and dialectics of art, New York: Delphic Studios 1937, p. 100, n. 22.
[6] Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, Gift of G. David Thompson
[7]Thomas B. Hess, 'Four Pictures by de Kooning at Canberra', Art and Australia vol. 14 nos 3 & 4, 4 January–April 1977, pp. 289–296. Rembrandt's A woman bathing in a stream 1655 is in the National Gallery, London.
[8]Harold Rosenberg, 'Interview with de Kooning', Artnews vol. 71 no. 5, September 1972, p. 57.
As well as two oil paintings on canvas and two oils on paper, the National Gallery of Australia holds the artist's proof of the de Kooning – Harold Rosenberg collaboration Revenge (New York: Morris Gallery 1960), an early lithograph, Clam digger 1967. It also holds the set of artist's proofs of the lithographs that were made by de Kooning at the Hollander Workshop, New York, 1970–71, one of his bronze multiples (5/100) dated 1972, and a pastel, charcoal and pencil drawing Untitled (Figures in landscape) 1974.


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By Brendan Conway
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Courtyard surrounds travelers with the conveniences that make business and pleasure travel easy. Relax and get ready for the day ahead in one of our spacious guest rooms, featuring a comfortable sitting area, large work desk, two phones with data ports, free in-room high speed Internet access, in-room coffee service, HBO, in-room movies, and a newspaper. Unwind in our swimming pool, whirlpool and fitness room. No pets except service guide animals. Totally non-smoking facility. 24 hour Courtyard Market with snacks and drinks for your convenience. WiFi in lobby. You can also dine at the The Bistro, a "fast casual" restaurant for guests and the public, serving breakfast and dinner. The restaurant proudly serves Starbucks coffee and products 24 hours a day.
If you've never been one for convention, ACME HOTEL is the right choice for you in downtown Chicago. Located 2 ½ blocks from the Magnificent Mile in the River North neighborhood, ACME is downtown Chicago's all new boutique hotel alternative. If you appreciate an eye for design and dig a high-tech vibe, you'll feel right at home. We'd like to call ourselves cool, or hip, because we are, but that just feels like bragging. But mostly, ACME is what we consider approachable - in more ways than one. The fact is, we want your experience at our downtown Chicago hotel to blow your mind, not your budget.
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Indoor pool and whirlpool, free breakfast buffet bar, in room movies. Whirlpool rooms available.
10 rooms, credit cards accepted, cable television available, small meeting rooms, pets accepted, restaurant within walking distances, and lounge/bar on premises.
Be our guest at the comfortable Country Inn & Suites. Conveniently located across from the Shoppes at Grand Prairie, each of our 74 spacious rooms include indulging amenities for the business and leisure traveler. Our affordable rooms feature high-speed wireless internet, refrigerator, microwave and a flat screen TV with cable channels. Guests are also treated to hotel amenities including an expanded breakfast buffet, relaxing indoor pool and spa, fully equipped fitness center, 24-hour business center, complimentary area shuttle service and our Read It and Return It Lending Library. Our friendly staff invites you to be our guest for all of your business, family and leisure travels.
The Holiday Inn Hotel & Suites in Bloomington features a contemporary setting, a fresh, modern appearance and a convenient location near the Central Illinois Regional Airport (CIRA). The hotel offers the very best in accommodations and guests can enjoy complimentary shuttle services, over 5,000 square feet of flexible meeting space, a 24-hour business center and free high-speed, wired and wireless Internet access, indoor pool and whirlpool, a 24-hour fitness center, convenience store, Baxter's American Grill, game room and on-site laundry.
Enjoy one of the newly renovated comfy rooms with all new Cloud 9 beds and the little touches such as wireless Internet in all rooms, heated outdoor pool, complimentary passes to Gold's Gym with an indoor pool, fresh baked cookies and a House Hot Deluxe breakfast. Meeting facilities to accommodate groups of up to 100 are also available. This hotel is conveniently located a tenth of a mile from Six Flags Great American/Hurricane Harbor Waterpark and down the street from Gurnee Mills. Tour the Jelly Belly Center, play golf, see a sailor graduate from Navy Boot Camp or visit the Volo Auto Museum all within minutes away. So when you're ready to give yourself a break, head our way and discover the Hampton Inn hotel in Chicago/Gurnee.
Seven clean and comfortable kitchenette rooms with living room, kitchen, bedroom and bath within walking distance of Coon Creek Beach and Boat Ramp. Rooms are equipped with pots and pans, table settings, coffee maker & toaster, towels, and bed linens. Only 1/2 mile from Lake Shelbyville. Open April - November.
The Hilton Garden Inn Addison is located only 11 miles from O'Hare and 22 miles from Midway Airport. Certain to please executive travelers are the hotel's wide array of amenities including complimentary high-speed internet, in-room hospitality center, Herman Miler chairs and much more!
For an affordable stay in the Quad Cities, try the La Quinta Inn in Moline, Illinois. This newly renovated, 125 room, limited service hotel is close to the Quad City International Airport, SouthPark Mall and a short drive from major attractions in the Quad Cities area.
Hilton Garden Inn - St. Charles
120 guest rooms. Amenities: Business center, exercise room, indoor pool, restaurant, lounge.
CITY:St. Charles
Fairfield Inn & Suites - Rockford
The Fairfield Inn & Suites in Rockford, IL is centrally located near dining, shopping and local attractions and some of the areas leading manufacaturers. such as Anderson Japanese Gardens, BMO Harris Bank Center, the Sportscore complexes, Chrysler, Hamilton Sundstrand, Textron and Woodward Governor. Hotel Highlights include comfortable guest rooms at a superior value for both business and leisure travelers, free hot breakfast, Marriott Rewards, indoor pool, whirlpool and exercise room. This hotel has a smoke-free policy.
Embassy Suites Hotel Chicago Downtown Lakefront
We invite you to experience all that Embassy Suites by Hilton Chicago Downtown Magnificent Mile has to offer, from our prime location amongst Chicago's finest attractions to our newly finished renovations that continue to enhance the experience of each and every one of our guests. With spectacular views of the downtown area, Embassy Suites Chicago Downtown Magnificent Mile provides you not only with upscale sophistication but more space to unwind and be yourself. That's why we have 455 spacious suites featuring private bedrooms and separate living areas, outfitted with 37-inch TVs, in addition to kitchenettes with refrigerators, microwaves and coffeemakers.
Quality Inn & Suites - Springfield
Sixty-six rooms, indoor pool and whirlpool, free deluxe continental breakfast, free cable and Showtime, business classrooms with 2 phone lines, suites with microfridge, iron w/ boards, hairdryers and coffee pots.
32 rooms, microwave, refrigerator, courtesy coffee in rooms, phones and air conditioning.
162 rooms. Four suites. On-site health club. 1 restaurant. Room service. Uniquely decorated and feature two TV's two phones, mini-bar and high ceilings. Located in the cultural and financial heart of Chicago's loop, the hotel is steps away from the Art Institute, Sears Tower, Museum Campus, Grant Park and Chicago's lakefront.
Original Springs Hotel & Bath House
It's tradition of mineral baths, fine food and comfortable lodging dates from 1867 when most out-of-towners arrived by train.
Small motel with nearby restaurants. 16 quality clean & comfortable reasonably-priced new rooms.
Hampton Inn West - Bloomington
Clean room? Absolutely. Comfy bed? You bet. Hot shower? Of course. Naturally, you should expect the basics. And at the Hampton Inn West, we're delighted to offer the more personal touches-those little "extras" you may not expect. These include baggage storage, complimentary beverage area, complimentary breakfast area, elevators, laundry/valet service, local area transportation, room service and a safety deposit box.
Stay at this Gurnee, Illinois hotel located less than one mile from Six Flags Great America. Ideally situated off Interstate 294 in Northern Illinois, the Baymont Innl & Suites offers the best in accommodations, customer service and location. This Gurnee hotel features 65 well-appointed guest rooms, each offering cable satellite television and free wireless high-speed Internet access for guests' convenience. This 100 percent non smoking hotel offers a variety of amenities including a complimentary continental breakfast, an indoor heated swimming pool, fitness center, guest laundry and more.
82 rooms, 6 executive suites. Extended continental breakfast. Meeting facilities for up to 35 people. Two full service restaurants within walking distance. Indoor pool and fitness center.
Candlewood Suites is an extended stay hotel that is dedicated to making your stay feel like a home away from home. Conveniently located off I-474 and War Memorial Drive, Candlewood Suites is located across from the Shoppes at Grand Prairie- Peoria's premier shopping, dining and entertainment district. The hotel features 83 spacious and well-designed suites with full kitchenettes-complete with a microwave, full size refrigerator, dishwasher, stove, dinnerware and cookware. The suites also include a luxurious bed, spacious desk area, two phone lines, high-speed internet, an oversized recliner, 32" LCD flat-screen TV and DVD player. Guests will also enjoy a fully equipped fitness center, the Candlewood Cupboard Sundry Shop, 24-hour business center, Lending Locker, complimentary laundry, outdoor gazebo grilling area and more. The Candlewood Suites is more than a place to stay during your travels- it's a home away from home.
Baymont Inn & Suites - Bloomington
The Baymont Inn and Suites is pleased to provide guests with exceptional service and quality amenities at an affordable price. Whether you are in Bloomington-Normal for business or leisure you can enjoy their heated outdoor swimming pool, free high speed internet in all guest rooms, free cable, fitness center, meeting room and much more. After a restful night of sleep, you can look forward to starting your day with a complimentary enhanced continental breakfast. The Baymont Inn and Suites is just minutes from the Central Illinois Regional Airport, Normal AMTRAK station, Uptown Normal and Downtown Bloomington.
Step into the lobby of Palmer House® A Hilton hotel and gaze at the famous frescoed ceiling of this landmark Chicago, Illinois hotel. This AAA four-diamond rated hotel has been hosting visitors to the Chicago Loop for over 140 years. Today, the Palmer House Hilton continues to thrive in the heart of the theatre and financial district.
We have two guest rooms available, along with two furnished apartments for extended stays. Our guest rooms do not have private baths -- they share a newly remodeled toilet and shower. The Hotel Glenview was built in 1886 and remained a working hotel until the mid 70's when it fell into disrepair but it is in the process of being refurbished. We are within walking distance for great shopping, dining and night caps. We are only 10 miles from the Great River Trail, and we do offer bicycles sag support. Upon consideration, pets are welcomed. We are strictly non-smoking.
CITY:Mount Carroll
The Whitehall Hotel is a standout among boutique hotels in Chicago that sits at the confluence of the city's civic and cultural life, allowing guests an upfront view of luxury, innovation and exploration. Exquisite dining, thrilling nightlife, phenomenal public transit, unforgettable neighborhoods, and an ineffable sense of history permeate the experience of staying at The Whitehall Hotel. We are proud to represent the height of romantic Chicago accommodations, and are looking forward to your stay at our luxurious gem among boutique hotels in Chicago.
16-room motel, restaurants within walking distance. Credit cards accepted. Pets allowed. Free local calls. Cable TV with remotes.
Enjoy the environment of this local Inn. Conveniently located near New Salem State Historic Site. Just a short drive from Springfield, IL.
258 room, 7 story hotel adjoining Harrah's casino and attached event center with meeting space and restaurant
Broadview Inn and Suites - Galesburg
7-story building with 1 bed king rooms and 2 bed queen rooms, lighted parking lot, indoor pool & hot tub, onsite restaurant & lounge.
Hawthorn Suites by Wyndham welcomes you to C-U! Featuring 198 suites, ample parking, complimentary hot breakfast buffet & convenient location to the University of Illinois Campus & downtown Champaign, Hawthorn Suites is the perfect spot for your leisure or business visit.
InterContinental Chicago Magnificent Mile
The Hotel InterContinental Chicago is located directly on Michigan Avenue near Chicago's finest attractions. Guests of the hotel will be impressed with the original historic design combined with upgraded guest rooms. Be sure to ask about the American Girl Package consisting of complimentary specialty breakfast for two girls, themed turn down service for doll and child's bed, fresh cookies and milk each night and a Princess tiara.
In the heart of Chicago's prestigious North Shore, Hyatt offers suite-size guest rooms, state of the art StayFit health club, indoor lap pool, hot tub, hi-speed wireless internet access & more. Easy on-off access at I-294 and Lake Cook Road. Convenient to O'Hare International Airport and close to Ravinia Festival, Chicago Botanic Gardens, Cuneo Museum, shopping, the Metra train station to downtown Chicago and many other attractions. Please visit the website for more details.
Opened in 2001. Includes 43 rooms, indoor pool, fitness center and a complimentary breakfast.
Extended Stay America - Bloomington
The Extended Stay America hotel is designed especially for longer stays with studios featuring fully-equipped kitchens and plenty of work space. Each room features a kitchen with refrigerator, microwave, and stove top, convenient work space, free local phone calls, personalized voice mail, iron and full size ironing board, on-site guest laundry, provided dining and cooking utensils and wireless internet. Pet friendly rooms and Signature Suites are available.
Locally owned Motel with 20 rooms. Optimal space for boat parking. Pub attached with live entertainment and drink specials each weekend. Get pizza from locally owned Italian Village at the pub.
Courtyard By Marriot- Deerfield
Courtyard surrounds travelers with the conveniences that make business and pleasure travel easy. Newly renovated in 2001.
Originally designed by legendary Chicago architect Daniel Burnham as an office building, this hotel is a beautifully restored architectural landmark. Hotel Burnham is just steps away from State Street shopping, Loop theaters, lakefront parks and museums. The hotel's acclaimed Atwood Café puts a modern twist on comfort food.122-room luxury historic hotel with 19th century detailing in deep mahogany, frosted Tiffany glass, Terrazzo mosaic tiling, and a wrought iron and marble staircase. Guestrooms are appointed in warm tones of burgundy, gold and cobalt blue with canopy beds.
Howard Johnson Hotel in Addison has two meeting room. The largest is 500 sq.ft., Smoking rooms available; continental breakfast included in rate; free shuttle to/from O'Hare airport; free Wi-Fi, pet-friendly.
The Wingate by Wyndham provides a one of a kind experience for every kind of traveler. Conveniently located across from the Shoppes at Grand Prairie, the Wingate offers an all-inclusive price for each of its 65 spacious rooms. Each room features high-speed internet, a microwave, refrigerator, coffee maker and flat screen TV. Included in your stay is a complimentary breakfast buffet every morning and an evening Manager's Reception Monday through Thursday with delicious appetizers and complimentary adult beverages. Guests also enjoy a variety of hotel amenities including a relaxing indoor pool and spa, fully equipped fitness center, complimentary shuttle service, 24-hour business center and a Sundry Convenience Shop. The staff at the Wingate by Wyndham invite you to experience and all inclusive property with superior customer service.
Located just a block from the Quad City International Airport in Moline, Illinois, and within walking distance from SouthPark Mall and dining, this hotel includes suites, continental breakfast, indoor pool and hot tub along with high speed Internet.
Comfort Inn & Suites of Peoria
66 suites minutes from downtown, close to Northwoods Mall, restaurants and more. All the comforts of home.
Quality Inn & Suites West - Bloomington
The Quality Inn & Suites West is conveniently located off Illinois Highway 9 and Interstate 74. The Quality Inn & Suites West offers free continental breakfast, free local calls, free issues of The Wall Street Journal, fitness center, sauna, indoor pool, hot tub, free high-speed Internet access and banquet and meeting rooms. Suites feature microwaves, refrigerators, coffee makers and cable television with HBO.
This boutique hotel is located in a historic landmark decorated with nineteenth-century French reproduction furnishings. Willows Hotel is close to Boystown bars and restaurants, as well as Lakeview and Lincoln Park shops.
La Quinta Inn Chicago/Willowbrook
DuPage County, Chicago's Western Suburbs - 130-room hotel with fitness center. In-room coffee maker, hair dryer, iron/ironing board, 25" TV, voicemail and dataport phones. Free local calls, USA Today and breakfast bar.
Designed for business and leisure travelers. Clean, comfortable, and large rooms with a magnificent view of the Chicago skyline from the shore of Lake Michigan.
The 4-star-4-diamond all suite hotel located on Chicago's famed Magnificent Mile, just a few short steps from world-class shopping, dining and cultural attractions. And if you are traveling with children, they can enjoy the The Omni Sensational Kids program, which provides four-diamond service to the hotel's youngest guests. Your children will enjoy plenty of kid-minded amenities, including games and books, a backpack upon check-in and menu choices prepared especially for young travelers. Parents are provided with a list of top family attractions in Chicago, local emergency numbers and a safety/first-aid kit which includes a night light and outlet covers.
This two-story hotel with 41 rooms is conveniently located off Interstate 57, just 15 miles from Lake Shelbyville. The facility also is close to area attractions including Tuscola Outlet Mall, Rockome Gardens, and the Amish community.
Quality Inn & Suites - Bloomington
Quality Inn & Suites is conveniently located off of Interstate I-55/I-74 /I-39. The newly renovated hotel offers an indoor heated pool and spa, free deluxe daybreak breakfast, free wireless hi-speed internet, in-room coffee and tea, expanded cable and suites are available with a micro fridge.
DuPage County, Chicago's Western Suburbs - The 66-room hotel features spacious king and double queen suites with separate sleeping and sitting areas. Features microfridge, coffeemaker, hair dryer and iron/ironing board. Complimentary breakfast buffet. Fitness room and indoor heated pool.
Holiday Inn Express - Algonquin
The Holiday Inn Express® Chicago - Algonquin is removed from the urban atmosphere of the Chicago area, while still conveniently close to everything you need. Leisure travelers find plenty of entertainment in the area, while corporate travelers enjoy the abundance of local business opportunities in Algonquin. The hotel is six miles from I-90, which takes you into downtown Chicago in about an hour. The hotel's complimentary shuttle service can be used to commute to business destinations within a five-mile radius of the hotel.
Modern motel, built in 2000, with king and queen beds, indoor pool, continental breakfast, tourism information and more. Only minutes from Garden of the Gods Rec. Area and Shawnee Nat'l Forest.
Embassy Suites Hotel Chicago-Lombard/Oak Brook
DuPage County, Chicago's Western Suburbs - 262, two-room suite hotel with breath-taking indoor 10-story tropical atrium. Suites include living room, bedroom, wet bar, refrigerator, sofa bed, cooked-to-order breakfast and complimentary evening beverages.
DuPage County, Chicago's Western Suburbs - This Sheraton has 25,000 sq.ft. of meeting space including a 15,000 sq.ft. IACC-approved Executive Meeting Center, full-service business center, Union Station restaurant, and renovated fitness center with indoor pool and two racquetball courts.
Congress Plaza Hotel & Conference Center
Enjoy unparalleled value and gracious hospitality at one of downtown Chicago's most legendary hotels. Located across from Grant Park, with views of Lake Michigan, the Congress Plaza Hotel & Convention Center has been a Windy City icon since 1893, playing host to U.S. presidents, international celebrities and performers, foreign dignitaries and elite travelers from around the world.
61-room hotel featuring indoor pool, hot tub, non-smoking rooms available, large deluxe continental breakfast with hot food, fax and copy machines, same-day laundry service and 24-hour coffee. Close to Quad City International Airport, SouthPark Mall, dining and pubs.
Best Western Plus Parkway Hotel
Perfect for business or pleasure and conveniently located with easy access to key area attractions, restaurants and businesses.The friendly staff is ready to ensure a comfortable and memorable stay. Numerous perks include a complimentary full breakfast, an exercise facility, laundromat, free high speed internet, cable or satellite TV, a meeting room and much more. Make a reservation today and save at this Alton hotel!
Atlanta Inn is the only hotel located in Atlanta, Illinois. You can explore the historic town of Atlanta in central Illinois with the last great frontier of the modern world through exit No 140 off I-55 and save the memories for life. Pass through Logan County and see the rise of Abraham Lincoln from surveyor to legendary lawyer by traveling through historic Route 66 which crosses 8 states and 3 time zones.


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Italy made history on Saturday when they recorded their first ever Six Nations victory over France, winning 22-21 in a nail biter in Rome.
Italy made history on Saturday when they recorded their first ever Six Nations victory over France, winning 22-21 in a nail biter in Rome.
The defending Six Nations and Grand Slam champions outscored their hosts two tries to one but made far to many errors, allowing Mirco Bergamasco to slot six penalties and convert Andrea Masi's try to hand Italy the biggest victory in their rugby history.
So often the weak link in the Azzurri's game, Bergamasco landed six out of his eight kicks from the tee to punish the French for their sloppy indiscretions.
Indeed les Bleus will head back to Paris ruing a string of mistakes. Many were made under pressure but some will leave coach French fans pulling their hair out and pointing fingers with wing Yoann Huget amongst those in the firing line.
10/1 underdogs at kick-off, Italy produced yet another courageous effort and must be given full marks for effort and commitment. By contrast, their visitors seemed flat, uninspired and were unable to match the home side for physical intensity.
Contrary to what has become the norm, Italy's success was not built on scrum domination. In fact, it was the French set piece that had the upper hand, and one could argue that they had a case for a potentially match-winning penalty in the dying minutes. But rather than crying over split milk, Marc Lièvremont's team should look to their chronic sterility on attack and their knack for fluffing opportunities, exemplified by Aurelien Rougerie dropping the ball in the act of scoring for the second straight match.
An early try from Vincent Clerc gave France an 8-6 lead at the break. It was a classic winger's try as Clerc latched onto Rougerie's long pass out wide before chipping over the last defender and using his pace to get to the ball first.
The game looked dead and buried when François Trinh-Duc and Morgan Parra linked up to slice through the Italian defence to put the scrum-half in under the sticks.
18-6 down going into the final quarter, a lesser team would have buckled. But Italy never let there heads drop and were back in the game when Fabio Semenzato found Andrea Masi on the blindside and the full-back darted over from short range to revive his team's hopes.
Bergamasco landed two more penalties to Parra's one to set up a grandstand finish. With just four minutes left on the clock the Italian wing landed his sixth successful kick to give the hosts the lead for the first time.
France plied the pressure in the dying minutes, but with Stadio Flaminio in full voice, the visitors were denied the penalty they sought.
And thus history was made.
Man of the match: Tough one to call. Sergio Parisse was at his brilliant best but how can we deny the try-scorer on such an historic occasion? Andrea Masi was solid as a rock at the back and was rewarded with a try he'll never forget.
Moment of the match: Italy trailed for 76 minutes, but the roar from the crowd when Mirco Bergamasco's final penalty split the uprights left no doubt as to who was ahead on the scoreboard when it mattered.
Villain of the match: No rough stuff to report.
The scorers:
For Italy:
Try: Masi
Con: Bergamasco
Pens: Bergamasco 5
For France:
Tries: Clerc, Parra
Con: Parra
Pens: Parra 3
The teams:
Italy:15 Andrea Masi, 14 Tommaso Benvenuti, 13 Gonzalo Canale, 12 Gonzalo Garcia, 11 Mirco Bergamasco, 10 Luciano Orquera, 9 Fabio Semenzato, 8 Sergio Parisse, 7 Robert Barbieri, 6 Alessandro Zanni, 5 Carlo Antonio Del Fava, 4 Santiago Dellape, 3 Martin Castrogiovanni, 2 Carlo Festuccia, 1 Andrea Lo Cicero.
Replacements: 16 Leonardo Ghiraldini, 17 Salvatore Perugini, 18 Quintin Geldenhuys, 19 Paul Derbyshire, 20 Pablo Canavosio, 21 Kristopher Burton, 22 Luke McLean.
France: 15 Maxime Médard, 14 Yoann Huget, 13 Aurelien Rougerie, 12 Yannick Jauzion, 11 Vincent Clerc, 10 Francois Trinh-Duc, 9 Morgan Parra, 8 Sébastien Chabal, 7 Julien Bonnaire, 6 Thierry Dusautoir (c), 5 Lionel Nallet, 4 Julien Pierre, 3 Nicolas Mas, 2 William Servat, 1 Sylvain Marconnet
Replacements:16 Guilhem Guirado, 17 Luc Ducalcon, 18 Jerome Thion, 19 Imanol Harinordoquy, 20 Julien Tomas, 21 Damien Traille, 22 Clement Poitrenaud.
Venue: Stadio Flaminio, Rome
Referee: Bryce Lawrence (New Zealand)
Assistant referees: Peter Fitzgibbon (Ireland), Stuart Terheege (England)
Television match official: Jim Yuille (Scotland)


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- Charles Darwin
Heidi Burgess
Brad Spangler
September 2003
What is Consensus Building?
Consensus building (also known as collaborative problem solving or collaboration) is a conflict-resolution process used mainly to settle complex, multiparty disputes. Since the 1980s, it has become widely used in the environmental and public policy arena in the United States, but is useful whenever multiple parties are involved in a complex dispute or conflict. The process allows various stakeholders (parties with an interest in the problem or issue) to work together to develop a mutually acceptable solution.
Like a town meeting, consensus building is based on the principles of local participation and ownership of decisions. Ideally, the consensus reached will meet all of the relevant interests of stakeholders, who thereby come to a unanimous agreement. While everyone may not get everything they initially wanted, "consensus has been reached when everyone agrees they can live with whatever is proposed after every effort has been made to meet the interests of all stake holding parties."[1]
Defining Success
It is critical that the definition of success is made clear from the beginning of any consensus-building process. Most consensus-building efforts set out to achieve unanimity. However, sometimes there are "holdouts" who believe their interests will be better served by resisting the proposed agreement. In such cases, it is acceptable for a consensus-building effort to settle for overwhelming agreement that gets as close as possible to meeting the interests of every stakeholder. If some people are not in agreement and might be excluded from the final solution, participants have a duty to make sure that every effort has been made to meet the interests of the holdouts. (This is to their advantage as well, as holdouts may become "spoilers," -- people who try to "spoil" or block implementation of any agreement that is reached.)
Why is Consensus Building Important?
Consensus building is important in today's interconnected society because many problems exist that affect diverse groups of people with different interests. As problems mount, the organizations that deal with society's problems come to rely on each other for help -- they are interdependent. The parties affected by decisions are often interdependent as well. Therefore it is extremely difficult and often ineffective for organizations to try to solve controversial problems on their own. Consensus building offers a way for individual citizens and organizations to collaborate on solving complex problems in ways that are acceptable to all.
Consensus-building processes also allow a variety of people to have input into decision-making processes, rather than leaving controversial decisions up to government representatives or experts. When government experts make decisions on their own, one or more of the stakeholder groups is usually unhappy, and in the U.S. system, they commonly sue the government, slowing implementation of any decision substantially. While consensus building takes time, it at least develops solutions that are not held up in court.
In addition, stakeholders always possess a wide range of understandings or perceptions of a problem. The consensus-building process helps them to establish a common understanding and framework for developing a solution that works for everyone.[2] The process also fosters the exploration of joint gains and integrative solutions (see integrative bargaining) and permits stakeholders to deal with interrelated issues in a single forum. This allows stakeholders to make trade-offs between different issues, and allows the development of solutions that meet more peoples' needs more completely than decisions that are made without such widespread participation.
The Nature of Consensus-Building Problems
Consensus building is employed to settle conflicts that involve multiple parties and usually multiple issues. The approach seeks to transform adversarial interactions into a cooperative search for information and solutions that meet all parties' interests and needs.
One of the most common applications of consensus processes is natural resource conflicts and site-specific environmental disputes (over land use, water resources, energy, air quality, and toxics). Other types of disputes that can be resolved through consensus building include product liability cases, intergovernmental disputes, and other public policy controversies involving issues such as transportation and housing.[3]
In addition, there is growing use of consensus-building processes at the international level. As globalization accelerates, so does the level of interdependence between human populations, multinational corporations, governments, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Some important issues facing the global community that could potentially be addressed through consensus building are global warming, sustainable development, trade, protection of human rights, and controlling weapons of mass destruction. The Montreal Protocol, an international environmental agreement ratified in 1987 to protect the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer, serves as a prime example of what can be accomplished by using consensus building on an international scale.[4]
Problems that may be effectively addressed with a consensus-building approach tend to share some general characteristics. Some of these characteristics are:
Stages of Consensus Building
Models of consensus building vary from three to ten stages, but all address the same set of fundamental issues. We will describe an eight-stage process here, but processes with fewer steps are similar; they just combine certain steps into one.
1) Problem identification: This is the very initial stage where a problem is identified and a decision to consider trying consensus building as a resolution process is made. This decision may be made by one or more of the stake holders, or by a third party who believes that consensus would be a good way to bring disputants together.
2) Participant identification and recruitment: Problems that are typically resolved through consensus building have multiple stakeholders. In addition to the obvious parties, there are often people who are "lurking" behind the scenes, but are not vocal, so they are not as visible. Yet they will be affected by the outcome of a decision, and might block a decision if it harms them. Thus, it is important to get such people involved and get their needs met.
Legitimacy of representatives is a second key "stakeholder" issue. Conveners and the parties themselves must make sure that the people involved in the consensus effort really represent who they say they represent, and can speak for that group with legitimacy. Oftentimes one or more of the groups involved is very informal and disorganized, and splinter groups form, breaking away from the original stakeholder group. This complicates the question of who speaks for whom, who can make agreements on behalf of whom, and who should thus be "at the table."
Even after people are identified, getting them to agree to participate is a major issue. Some people may be reluctant to enter a consensus process because they think it will take too long, involve too much of their time, or will force them to "sell out" or give in for too little. They may think they have a better chance of "winning" in another forum, such as the courts. One way to encourage people to try consensus is to explain that it is a very low-risk process. No one is forced to agree to anything, so if things are not going well, they can always back down and pursue their alternative approach to solving the problem (frequently called their "BATNA" -- "best alternative to a negotiated agreement"). In addition, it can be pointed out that consensus building allows them to stay in control of the process and the decision. Nothing happens unless everyone agrees on it. In a court, it is quite possible that rulings will go against them. Although reluctance is common at the outset of consensus-building efforts, once people get involved, if the process works well, participants usually decide that it is more useful than they expected it to be, and they stay involved. Even when an agreement cannot be reached, the improvement of relationships and trust between groups often makes the process worthwhile.
3) Convening: Actually convening the process involves several steps. They include securing funds, finding a location, and choosing a convener and/or mediator or facilitator.
Securing Funds: Consensus building processes can be expensive, as they involve a lot of people over a long period of time, using multiple facilitators and mediators and often outside technical experts. Thus, significant sources of funds may be needed. Although these funds can be supplied by the participants themselves, often one side is more able to pay than another. If the richer party or parties pays for the facilitator or mediator, there is a question of impartiality. But it may be very difficult for all sides to pay equally. This is why securing outside independent funding (from a foundation or government agency, for instance) is often helpful.
Finding a Location to meet. The location usually should be "neutral," as in, not on any one stakeholder's "home turf." It should also be accessible to all and a large enough location to hold everyone comfortably. It also needs to be available for as long as the group needs to meet, which can be for several months, or even years.
Selecting a convener, facilitator, and/or mediator: Sometimes these are the same person or organization, sometimes they are different. In a major consensus building process over water development in the United States West, a process was convened by the Governor of Colorado, who used his personal power to get all the interest groups to the table. (Who could say "no" to the Governor?) Yet the Governor asked a local mediation firm to provide the facilitation of the process, as that was not his area of expertise. Yet he stayed involved off and on to encourage people to stay at the table and keep working, even when progress seemed discouragingly slow.[6]
4) Process Design: This is usually done by the person or group acting as facilitators or mediators, although they usually involve the parties to some extent, sometimes to a large extent. At the least they will design a process, present it to the parties, and get their approval on it. Often, the parties will suggest modifications to the proposed process and negotiations will ensue. Decisions will be made, and a process, usually including ground rules for participant behavior will be set.
This actually is an excellent way to start a consensus-building process. The parties can "practice" working together and negotiating over "easy" issues before they tackle the emotion-laden issues surrounding the real issues in dispute. Once they have a track record of working together and coming to agreement, they begin to build trust in the mediator, the process, and each other. This then helps them move on to the real issues in a positive frame of mind.
Agenda setting is another key aspect of process design. The initial agenda must be made carefully so no legitimate stakeholders feel their interests are being ignored. It must also include a reasonable timetable. People should not feel rushed to make a decision, but they should also not feel as if the process is so slow that a decision will not be reached in a timely manner.
One of the key questions that must be decided is the order in which issues should be considered. Should the group tackle the easy ones first, and the harder ones later? (This is common.) Or should they try to tackle the hardest ones first, because if they succeed there, the rest is smooth sailing? Or should they form subgroups and tackle many things at once?
5) Problem definition and analysis. This goes much farther than the "problem identification" of step one. Rather it identifies all the issues, and all the ways the stakeholders have of "framing" or defining the problem(s) or conflicting issues. Typically, each stakeholder has different interests and concerns, and defines the problem somewhat differently. For example, in an environmental conflict, one side may see the conflict as being about air and water quality, while another sees it to be about jobs, a third about recreational opportunities. The first might care little about jobs and recreation, while the second and third are less worried about environmental degradation. A more complete picture of the problem will emerge as more stakeholders share their perceptions, and come to understand how all their concerns and interests are interrelated. Recognizing this interdependence is crucial to consensus building. This recognition ensures that each interested party will have at least some power in the negotiation.[7]
After everyone explains their views of the situation, re-defining or "reframing" the conflict is usually the next step. Facilitators or mediators usually try to get the disputants to reframe the issues in terms of interests, which are usually negotiable, rather than positions, values, or needs, which usually are not. By re-framing the problem in terms of interests, a variety of options for dealing with the conflict usually appear, which were not apparent before.
6) Identification and evaluation of alternative solutions. Before the group decides on any single course of action, it is best to explore a variety of options or alternative solutions. This is extremely important in multiparty disputes, because it is unlikely that any single option will satisfy all parties equally. Parties should be encouraged to develop creative options that satisfy their interests and others'. As more options are explored, parties become able to think in terms of trade-offs and to recognize a range of possible solutions.
There are various techniques for exploring alternative solutions. One of the most common is brainstorming, when parties are encouraged to think of as many options as possible, without evaluating any of them at first. Sometime this is done as a large group; other times it can be done in small work groups, with different groups of people tackling different issues or different aspects of the overall problem. This way many parts of the problem can be investigated simultaneously. Then the subgroups report back to one another.
An effort is made to develop new, mutually advantageous approaches, rather than going over the same win-lose approaches that have been on the table before. After the parties generate a list of alternatives, these alternatives are carefully examined to determine the costs and benefits of each (from each party's point of view), and the barriers to implementation.
Many consensus-building processes involve technical issues in which scientific facts are in dispute. In this case it often helps to have one or more subgroups involved in some sort of joint fact-finding exercise, designed to replace "adversary science" in which one expert contradicts another expert, with "consensus science" in which the adversaries' experts work together or with a neutral expert to come to some joint agreement on the technical facts in dispute. Although resolving technical facts seldom resolves the agreement, as value issues are still in debate, it removes one major stumbling block to resolution.
7) Decision making: Eventually, the choice is narrowed down to one approach, which is fine-tuned, often through a single negotiating text, until all the parties at the table agree. Thus consensus building differs from majority rule decision making in that everyone involved must agree with the final decision -- there is no vote.
8) Approval of the agreement: The negotiators then take the agreement back to their constituencies and try to get it approved. This is one of the most difficult steps, as the constituencies have not been involved in the ongoing process, and often have not developed the level of understanding or trust necessary to see why this is the best possible agreement they can get. Negotiators need to be able to explain exactly why the settlement was drafted as it was, and why it is to the constituencies' benefit to agree to it. If any one of the groups represented in the consensus-building process disagrees at this stage, they will likely refuse to sign the agreement, and the agreement may well fall apart. Stakeholders may be able to help each other develop strategies for persuading their respective constituencies of the merit of the agreement. However it is done, it is important that stakeholder constituencies understand the trade-offs that were made. If they do not, it is likely that the agreement will be broken sometime down the road. It is also critical that stakeholders gain the support of those responsible for implementing the agreement, often government agencies.
9) Implementation: This is the final phase of consensus building. Consensus building often results in creative and strong agreements, but implementing those agreements is an entirely separate task. If careful attention is not given to certain issues during the implementation phase, agreements may fall apart. These issues include building support with constituencies and others who are affected by the agreement, monitoring the agreement, and ensuring compliance. The consensus building group should be involved in this aspect of implementation to be sure that the agreement is being carried out as they envisioned. If it is not, or there are serious obstacles, the group can then come back together to solve new problems.
Monitoring often involves some sort of formal structure or organization to be an effective method of solving future problems.[8] However, a committee including representatives of all stakeholder groups may be formed to address and resolve questions in the future. One of the great benefits of consensus processes is that they improve relationships between the adversaries so much that such monitoring and enforcement committees are usually successful. So although unforeseen problems inevitably develop, they usually can be solved.
Determinants of Success and Criteria for Evaluation
There are four primary determinants of a successful consensus process.[9]
At a more specific level, there are further criteria by which to evaluate the success and effectiveness of consensus building. These criteria fall into two main categories of assessment -- process and outcomes. The criteria serve as ideal guidelines, and will not all be met perfectly by all consensus-building efforts, successful or not. Process criteria focus on the nature of a consensus process, and the more of these criteria a process meets, the more likely it will succeed. Consensus building should also be evaluated by the type and quality of its outcomes it produces. Both short-term and long-term outcomes should be evaluated. Again, the more criteria are met by the outcomes, the more successful a consensus process is considered.[11]
Process Criteria
Criteria to Assess Outcomes
Benefits of Consensus Building
Several benefits can result from properly employing consensus-building processes to address multiparty problems. Probably the most important benefit of collaboration is that it increases the quality of solutions developed by the parties. This is because solutions are based on a comprehensive analysis of the problem. Each party has a different perspective and therefore many more angles are considered than if a few experts or a select few people developed the solution on their own. This variety of perspectives may lead to innovative solutions. In addition, the capacity of the group to respond to the problem is increased as stakeholders can apply a range of resources to solving it. Bringing in all interested stakeholders can also minimize the chance of impasse or deadlock.
Consensus building guarantees that all parties' interests will be protected. This is possible because participants make final decisions themselves. Each party has a chance to make sure their interests are represented in the agreement and are a part of signing off on the agreement. As a result, stakeholders have ownership of the outcome of consensus-building processes.
Other benefits of consensus building include the fact that people most familiar with the problem at hand will be able to participate in solving it. This is often better than having a representative, who is removed from the problem, work on solving it. The ability to participate in the problem-solving process will also enhance acceptance of the solution and willingness to implement it. The participatory process may also help strengthen the relationships between stakeholders that used to be adversaries. Consensus building can also save money that may have been spent on court cases, for example. Lastly, the stakeholder group can develop mechanisms for dealing with related problems in the future.[12]
[1] Lawrence Susskind, "An Alternative to Robert's Rules of Order for Groups, Organizations, and Ad Hoc Assemblies that Want to Operate By Consensus," in The Consensus Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement, eds. Lawrence Susskind, Sarah McKearnan, and Jennifer Thomas-Larmer (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1999), 6.
[2] This section is based on the discussion offered in Chapter One of Barbara Gray, Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems, and (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1989).
[3] Gray, 7
[4] Text of and information about the Montreal Protocol can be found at the UN's Environmental Program's Web site: http://www.unep.org/ozone/montreal.shtml?(Accessed Sept 27, 2003).
[5] The bullet points in this section were drawn from: Barbara Gray, Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1989), 10.
[6] This process was the Denver Metropolitan Water Roundtable, which was convened by Governor Richard Lamm in 1980. A short case study of this effort appears in Carpenter and Kennedy, Resolving Public Disputes. (San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1988), 48-49.
[7] Ibid, 58.
[8] Ibid, 87-91.
[9] Information in the "Determinants of Success" section is drawn from: Gray, Barbara. 1989. Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1989), 11-16.
[10] See the discussion on BATNA in this knowledge base.
[11] Ideas in the above paragraph and the bullet points following both came from Judith E. Innes, " Evaluating Consensus Building ," In The Consensus Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement, eds. Lawrence Susskind, Sarah McKearnan, and Jennifer Thomas-Larmer (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1999), 647-654.
[12] This section is drawn from Barbara Gray, Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1989), 21-23.
Use the following to cite this article:
Burgess, Heidi and Brad Spangler. "Consensus Building." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: September 2003 <http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/consensus-building>.


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We do a lot with film and TV here at the Science & Entertainment Exchange, but we also have a strong appreciation for the world of comics/graphics novels -- often a source of inspiration for the rest of the entertainment industry. So we were thrilled to learn, via io9, of a fabulous new webcomic, The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage.
It features Victorian inventor Charles Babbage -- best known for designing the first prototype computer, the Analytical Engine -- and Ada Lovelace, daughter of Romantic poet Lord Byron, a rare female mathematician and early proto-programmer. Historically, Lovelace died young at age 36, while Babbage never completed his potentially revolutionary invention, but what if he had, and Ada Lovelace had lived? Per io9:>
Artist Sydney Padua has been posting The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage on her comics site 2D Goggles. The premise holds that proto-programmer (and sole legitimate child of Lord Byron) Ada Lovelace did not die at age 36, but instead helped inventor Charles Babbage develop the first computer — a fully functional Analytical Engine — after which they retired to battle crime using the power of mathematics (and rayguns).
The result is Steampunk Supreme. You can read the ongoing adventures of Babbage and Lovelace over at 2D Goggles as they battle economic crises and subterranean salamander people. And while you're at it, check out Girl Genius, a more futuristic steampunk superheroine who fights crime with science.
And who can forget Alan Moore's pre-Watchmen creation, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen? Literary hero Alan Quartermain (King Solomon's Mines) teams up with Mina Murray (Dracula), the Invisible Man, Jekyll/Hyde, Tom Sawyer, and Captain Nemo (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) at the end of the 19th century to -- you guessed -- foil another vast global conspiracy.
The original works inspired countless spinoff movies, so it's not surprising that Hollywood took notice and turned Leagueinto a feature film in 2003. We applaud this kind of creative cross-over, and can't wait to see what becomes of Five Fists, Girl Genius, and The Thrilling Adventures of Babbage and Lovelace as they fight the forces of evil -- with science!


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|Posted by Scott Bryan on August 18, 19100 at 10:06:48:
|In response to Re: Leaking tub faucet
: : My hot water faucet is leaking badly. I do not know
: : what kind of faucet it is. It is a 3 handle system
: : with hot, cold and then the middle handle changes the water from shower to tub. Is there any where I can look to see a name brand. I assume I need to know what brand it is before I can figure out how to fix
: : Thanks
: : Jeff
: Jeff, Many times there is no name on the fixture. Use the link to go to our web site we have many parts breakdowns for 3 handle tub faucets this may help with identification. Good luck
sorry about the link try this
|Replies to this post
|There are none.


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By PATSY STODDARDEditor
Just when Green River City has been united into one county, Emery County; the town has been divided again by bridge rehabilitation. The bridge over the Green River is in the process of rehabilitation. The bridge closed to vehicular traffic on Sept. 30 and will remain closed for 60 days. The foot bridge is still in operation, however. The Utah Department of Transportation project is being completed by Wadsworth Brothers Construction from Salt Lake City.
Bryce Wadsworth said the deck of the bridge is being replaced with new cement and rebar. The steel on the bridge will also be rehabilitated and the frame will be stiffened. New bearings will also be installed, these are what the bridge slides on. The abutment and piers which are in the river will also be reinforced. New guardrails will be placed along the bridge when the rehabilitation is completed.
"You could see down to the water in some places. In several sections the rebar was gone. The deck has been stripped down to the steel framework and will be entirely rebuilt. The surface of the bridge will be concrete instead of asphalt. The wooden forms for the concrete are being installed now and the concrete will be poured over several days the last week of October. Half of the people working on the project are from the local area. We are on schedule with the project and hope to have it reopened the day before Thanksgiving although it is scheduled to open the day after. The bridge will be repainted to match the old color.
"Local businesses have been concerned that people would go past Green River because of the construction, but both ends of town seem to be splitting the business. If you come into town on the west exit or the east exit that's where the people stay. People are still coming into town. The truck stop is still full and doing a brisk business.
"State message boards have been installed to more clearly explain which exit to take and to explain about the closure. This added signage will help visitors to the area. We know it's inconvenient but the old bridge was getting pretty scary. It was a light structure that would rise and fall and we think that's part of why it was degrading so fast. Truckers said they could feel the bridge deflecting as they passed over. The new bridge will carry no weight restriction and will meet all standards," said Wadsworth.
According to Conae Black from the Green River City office, they have noticed a decrease in traffic through town. The businesses east of the bridge have noticed an increase in business while those west of the closure have noticed a slow down. Shady Acres said they have noticed a decrease in business. The Sleepy Hollow which normally closes down for the winter is still operating and renting rooms. There have been some complaints from angry truckers who were trying to approach the West Winds truck stop from the east exit and had a hard time turning around. They were not happy with the signs explaining the situation. However with the new flashing signs these types of problems will likely be avoided in the future. Most of the people live in the west side of town and those who have to drive to the east side to work have experienced inconvenience in getting to work. One lady tried to walk to work one day over the foot bridge and was pretty dusty when she arrived.
All in all the people of Green River will adapt and adjust to the problem of having their town divided for a short time. UDOT public involvement coordinator, Myron Lee said, "We have worked on coordinating with the city for the timing of this job and they wanted to shut it down both ways and complete the job all at once. They wanted to have the job started at the end of their tourist season which is why we chose October and November. We had talked about keeping one lane open while working on the other, but this would delay the completion of the project so they opted to close it completely down. We know this is a hardship on the town and we are trying to complete the bridge rehabilitation with the least impact as possible."
For more information contact Bryce Wadsworth, or Tom Reece, Public Information Officer for the project, at 1-801-576-1453.


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This ShopClass is comprised of 12 lessons in the basics of using SketchUp (a free 3D-modeling program from Google). The video lessons on this CD take you step by step from setting up the software to gathering information from your finished model. So you'll head to the shop with all the information you need to build any project with confidence. You'll know the exact sizes of every part, and how the parts go together - before you ever cut any wood!
129 Minutes, DVD. F+W Media, 2010.


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Write-in candidate for Emery County Commissioner. "Emery County, a great place to live, work, and play." This slogan was created several years ago to promote Emery County. It is simple and yet so profound.
Hi, my name is Steve Kemple and I am your write-in candidate for Emery County Commissioner. I ask for your support on Nov. 4. My wife Ruth and I moved to Emery County in 1982 to start and raise our family. I believed then and believe now that there is not a better place in the world to live and raise a family.
With declining revenue and sky rocketing prices, with special interest groups wanting to restrict the use and even close some of our public lands, with limited water availability and slow economic development, our county is facing a great number of challenges. Our county government cannot afford to be distracted by the troublesome legal issues that have been in recent headline news. We need all of our elected officials focused on the best interest of the county, and working towards a bright and prosperous future for our children and grandchildren.
If elected, I will bring to the table my conservative values and 23 years of experience in county government. I will work for you, and help move the county forward, so that we can always say, "Emery County is a great place to live, work, and play."


text:
New Balance 442 Retro Sneaker - Womens
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text:
36 Flavoured Milkshakes for Kids£11 instead of £22 (from Shaken Udder) for 36 cartons of Shaken Udder kids' milkshake in a choice of flavours - get milk and save 50%
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text:
Saleem, Dr. Farhat
Vol 2, No 1 (2012) - Articles
Impact of Educational Leadership on Institutional Performance in Pakistan
Abstract PDF
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text:
Skip to comments.Former President George W. Bush says ride 'uplifting'(honoring veterans)
Posted on 04/29/2012 12:06:17 PM PDT by fabrizio
Riding with our vets is an uplifting experience, Bush said. It is an awesome feeling and an honor to be here with them.
Bush spent about a half-hour speaking with riders and taking photographs before traveling in his motorcade to the Courtyard by Marriott at the Historic Fisk Building in downtown Amarillo. The three-day event is a 100-kilometer mountain bike ride aimed at honoring veterans seriously wounded in the war on terrorism as well as support groups.
The ex-president pedaled along 13.3 miles of rugged canyon trails with about 20 veterans, many them riding with prosthetic arms or legs, as temperatures hovered near 100.
Mike McNaughton, who served 10 years in the Army and three in the National Guard, lost his right leg and some fingers while clearing land mines during a seven-month tour in Afghanistan.
[...]Like other veterans, McNaughton said he was heartened by Bush manning his bike when he could have been collecting hefty fees from speeches instead.
He is a former president now; he could do a lot of things, McNaughton said. He could make a lot of money just on speaking engagements, but hes always been athletic, he always wanted to do stuff and when you combine it with his love of the military, its really nice.
The Wounded Warrior videos are something you can count on to bring tears to your eyes ~ this morning it was exceptional.
God Bless Texas!
Rhetorical question.
I was more than a little disappointed with Bush's second term but I sure miss him now.
he's a good man.
If the halfrican, communist, mooslimb, prick had a motorbike and made this ride, he would have said, "Our vets riding behind me is an uplifting experience for them". "I know that it is an awesome feeling and an honor for them to be here with me". obama said that he felt that if they veterans had more real body parts, that he'd have still beat them.
While the wounded veternas were using their custom built mountain bikes, obama was riding a :
My idea of a great time!
He never lied when he honored the troops over and over again while in office.
He meant every word he said.
My respect for him increased 100%.
>>God Bless Texas!
At least the W part anyhow.
"He meant every word he said."
While the 0 has never meant ANY word he says!
Still I was there in spirit, which in hind sight would have been a lot cheaper than $500 worth of repairs and two days on the road.
Many photos of W helping riders up some technical ascents, many more photos of some very technical trails.
I can only compare this to Obama helping Henry Louis Gates down the White House steps (what! you sayin' that it was that cracka racis police sergeant helpin' him?), or riding a metrosexual bike wearing mom jeans.
Your memory is foggy. Obama didn't help Gates down the steps. The police officer did!
Your memory is foggy. Obama didnt help Gates down the steps. The police officer did!
Irony abounds in the post you are referencing.....
God Bless President George W. Bush.
Thank God I had the privilege of having President Bush as my Commander in Chief for my tours in Iraq. My combat tours rendered me 100% disabled but would do it again because I believed in our mission. President Bush was right...sorry demorats.
Not even before his bum ticker.
One of the first things out of Bush's mouth was, "it wasn't about him"
Whatever, issues I have had with Mr Bush I believe him to be a good man.
Could you imagine Odumba saying an event wasn't about himself.
He would likely take credit for it.
Has Clinton ever done anything like this since he left office?
Not even before his bum ticker.
You mean his Big Mac attack..:)
Dang edit... on one small sentence no less:
You mean before his Big Mac attack..:?
Bump. Thanks for posting.
Those troops miss him now.
My fault - I forgot the sarcasm tag.
God Bless Our Warriors..God Bless President Bush
National Military Appreciation Month (May 2012) includes Loyalty Day (1st), Military Spouse Appreciation Day (11th), VE Day(8th), Armed Forces Day (19th), and Memorial Day (30th). This very important month honors, remembers, recognizes and appreciates all military personnel; those men and women who have served throughout our history and all who now serve in uniform and their families as well as those Americans who have given their lives in defense of our freedoms we all enjoy today.
How do I Show My Americanism on Loyalty Day?
By Paul Ramone, eHow Contributor | updated April 03, 2012
Read more: How do I Show My Americanism on Loyalty Day?
"How do I Show My Americanism on Loyalty Day?"
I was thinking that if I saw some Occupoopers keeping me from getting to work this morning, or going home by blocking my commute...
I'd speed up...;-)
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Change Location
ACE Fit Share
Starting Position: Place a series of cones 18-30" apart in a straight line on a non-slip surface. Stand 6" behind the first cone with your feet hip-width apart or closer, arms by your sides. Pull your shoulder blades toward your hips without arching your low back. Engage your abdominal / core muscles ("brace") to stabilize your spine.
Walking Movement: Slowly lift one foot off the floor to clear the height of the cone, balancing on the standing leg. Avoid the tendency to tilt or sway the upper body and try not to move the standing foot.Pause. Hold this position briefly before stepping forward, pushing off your standing leg to clear the cone.
Once past the cone, the stepping foot should land heel first, followed by the mid- and fore-foot, transferring your body weight onto the lead foot. As you shift your body weight to the lead foot/leg, avoid the tendency to tilt or sway the upper body and try not to move the forward foot. Your trailing leg needs to also clear the cone.
Continue this sequence through the series of cones.
Exercise Variation: This exercise can be progressed in several ways: (1) lift each leg higher off the floor (illustrated) to further challenge your balance (raising center of mass), (2) walk through the cones at a faster pace, (3) step sideways through the cones, or (4) step backwards through the cones.Learn first how to perform single leg-stands on the ground and, if possible, on an Airex pad before performing cone walks.


text: You are browsing through Zazzle Canada's Green mini skateboards area, where you can find many styles of Green mini skateboard decks available for personalisation or purchase as is. Zazzle's mini skateboards come in two sizes: 7 1/4" and 7 3/8". There is no minimum order and most skateboard decks can be customised with your designs and text. To find other related products, visit our main green area.