text:
First Universal Session of UNEP Governing Council to Galvanize New Environmental Era in Support of a Sustainable Century
Nairobi, 14 February 2013 - Hundreds of environment ministers, decision makers, scientists, civil society representatives and business leaders are set to gather at the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) headquarters next week to galvanize a new era of stronger action on pressing environmental issues.
The delegates will be making a small but significant piece of history by attending the first ever meeting of the UNEP Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum (GC/GMEF) under universal membership as a result of the Rio+20 Summit held last year.
As well as charting a course for a strengthened UNEP that will help transform a wide body of science into concrete policy action, the meeting will cover many pressing and emerging issues, including: sustainable consumption and production patterns and the post-2015 Development Agenda, financing options for chemicals and waste, and system-wide coordination on Rio+20 follow-up.
UNEP will launch new reports outlining emerging issues such as the global consequences of rapidly receding ice in the Arctic, the latest research on the impacts of chemical exposure on the hormone system of humans and animals, and an assessment of off-grid lighting in several countries around the world.
A major new UNEP-led technology initiative that focuses on the transfer of technology and expertise to developing countries in order to intensify the battle against climate change will be announced.
At Rio+20, Heads of State and governments decided to strengthen and upgrade UNEP - a move which represented the first institutional reform of the environment programme of the UN since the Stockholm UN Conference on the Human Environment established UNEP in 1972. This was followed by the adoption of a resolution at the 67th session of the UN General Assembly later in the year.
The decision to upgrade UNEP implemented the commitments made by world leaders to strengthen UNEP's work in addressing global environmental challenges, and to establish the organization as the leading international authority that sets the global environmental agenda.
"UNEP - with its long history of working with partners from governments, the UN family, cities, the scientific community, businesses and civil society - is entering a new phase that can better serve the needs of a growing global population while keeping humanity's footprint within planetary boundaries," said UN Under-Secretary-General and UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner.
"The theme of the Governing Council, Rio+20: From Outcome to Implementation, highlights that the time has come for the world to scale-up and accelerate the implementation of the array of treaties and transformational policies that have been agreed and successfully demonstrated across the globe for over four decades," he added. "From this landmark meeting, and as a result of reforms put in place in the last six or so years, UNEP is emerging better placed to maximize its potential to address the realities of and real opportunities for a sustainable 21st century."
40 Years of UNEP
Also, to mark the 40th anniversary of the organization, UNEP on Thursday launched UNEP The First 40 Years, a book by award-winning conservationist Stanley P Johnson covering forty years of UNEP's history.
The book - which is not an official UN history - charts the evolution of UNEP from its inception at the landmark Stockholm conference of 1972 to its position today at the heart of the global environmental movement.
"UNEP has come a long way from a small secretariat of around a dozen people, housed initially above a supermarket in downtown Nairobi, to the truly global institution we see today," said Mr. Steiner. "Mr. Johnson's account charts UNEP's growth in comprehensive detail; at the same time it serves as a fascinating history of the growth in awareness of the many environmental problems the world faces and the efforts put in place to tackle them."
The book ranges across an extraordinarily wide front; from early efforts to clean up dangerously polluted oceans, adopt urgent action to save the ozone layer, prevent the harmful dumping of toxic waste, protect biodiversity and save endangered species and fauna, to today's efforts to promote the Green Economy.
The book takes the reader behind the scenes to witness first-hand the role played by UNEP in complex and often-fraught negotiations resulting in landmark treaties such as the Mediterranean Action Plan and subsequent Regional Seas Programme, the 1983 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, the epoch-defining 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.
Based on interviews with key actors at the time, such as former Kenyan Foreign Minister Dr. Njoroge Mungai, the book also details the delicate diplomatic manoeuvring which resulted in the fledgling organization becoming the first UN body to be headquartered in the developing world.
"Kenya always has been and remains an extremely welcoming host," said UNEP Spokesperson and Director of Communications Nick Nuttall. "Today, few question what a far-sighted decision it was to place the headquarters of a UN body in the developing world, but this narrative reminds one how radical it was at the time and the key role Kenyan diplomats played in that decision."
Further Resources
List of press events and accreditation for the Governing Council: http://www.unep.org/newscentre/Default.aspx?DocumentID=2704&ArticleID=9388&l=en
An interactive version of UNEP The First 40 Years will be available at: http://www.unep.org/40thanniversary/
For more information, please contact:
UNEP Newsdesk (Nairobi)
+254 20 762 5211, email@example.com
Nick Nuttall, Director of Communications and UNEP Spokesperson
+254 733 632 755, +41 79 596 5737, firstname.lastname@example.com
Press events and accreditation for the Governing Council
An interactive version of UNEP The First 40 Years will be available at
Follow Us
Keep up to date with UNEP events on Facebook, Twitter and You Tube.


text:
Brother from a Box
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- Brief Synopsis:
- One new brother--assembly required. From the author of The Last Invisible Boy.Matt Rambeau is officially a big brother--to a robot!
- Long Synopsis:
- One new brother--assembly required. From the author of The Last Invisible Boy.Matt Rambeau is officially a big brother--to a robot! Matt's super-computer-genius dad is always getting cool tech stuff in the mail, but the latest box Matt opens contains the most impressive thing he's ever seen: a bionically modified lifeform that looks human and calls Matt "brother" (in French)! Norman turns out to be a bit of an attention hog and a showoff, but Matt's still psyched to have a robotic sibling--even if he flirts with (ugh) girls. Then strange things start to happen. First a computer worm causes Norman to go berserk, and then odd men start showing up in unusual places. Matt soon realizes that someone is trying to steal the robot--correction--his brother!In this zany, action-packed story with spies, skateboards, and plenty of artificial intelligence, acclaimed author Evan Kuhlman gets to the heart (and motherboard) of one of the most special relationships known to man (or machine): brotherhood.
- Book Quality:
- Publisher Quality
- 9781442426603
- Publisher:
- Date of Addition:
- 01/22/13
- Copyright Date:
- 2012
- Copyrighted By:
- Evan Kuhlman, Iacopo Bruno
- Adult content:
- No
- Language:
- English
- Categories:
- Parenting and Family, Children's Books, Computers and Internet, Literature and Fiction, Science Fiction and Fantasy
- Grade Levels:
- Fifth grade, Sixth grade, Seventh grade, Eighth grade
- Submitted By:
- Bookshare Staff
- Usage Restrictions:
- This is a copyrighted book.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Six Canadian players headed to playoff round in European Volleyball Champions League
OTTAWA – Canadian national team head coach Glenn Hoag of Gatineau, Que., and players Justin Duff of Winnipeg and John Gordon Perrin of Creston, B.C., have led Arkas Azmir to top spot in pool A in the 2012 CEV Volleyball Champions League.
The Champions League is a three month tournament which determines the top professional volleyball club in Europe.
The Turkish pro squad defeated CKSA Sofia from Bulgaria in its final round robin match 25-17, 25-23, 25-19 and advanced to the round of 12 for an encounter against Zaksa Kedzierzyn of Poland. Perrin was the top scorer in the match with 16 points while Jason Haldane, a former Canadian national team player from Terrace, B.C., replied with 12 for Sofia.
Hoag, in his second season at the helm of the Azmir, led his troops to a 5-1 mark in the round robin.
Meanwhile Steve Brinkman of Bowmanville, Ont., who surpassed the 200-match plateau with the Canadian national team last summer, is also headed to the Champions League playoffs with Trentiono Planet Win365 in Italy after an easy win over Cai Teruel from Spain. Brinkman contributed five points in the victory.
Thomas Jarmoc of Edmonton, a member of Friedrichshafen Volleyball Club in Germany, scored five points to help his squad qualify a spot in the round of 12.
Adam Simac of Ottawa and Dan Lewis of Oakville, Ont., members of ACH Volley in Slovenia just fell short of advancing finishing third in their pool.
In the women's Champions League, Canadian national team star Sarah Pavan of Kitchener, Ont., continues to shine with her pro club Villa Cortes and is headed to the round of 16. Pavan is currently seventh in league scoring and also ranks seventh in spiking.
The playoff rounds start on January 27.
For more information on the CEV Volleyball Champions League visit:
Men: http://www.cev.lu/Competition-Area/competition.aspx?ID=548&PID=1117
Women: http://www.cev.lu/Competition-Area/competition.aspx?ID=551&PID=1126


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Hmm... Obito's new weapons remind me of something but I can't place my finger on what... well whatever, its still an awesome attack ^_^. I wonder, how it will look in the anime?
Hmm... Obito's new weapons remind me of something but I can't place my finger on what... well whatever, its still an awesome attack ^_^. I wonder, how it will look in the anime?
Aggravate, Anger, and Piss off
Edo Tensei Zombies quickly recover infinitely the chakra, but their total pool that they can hold at one time is still limited to what they had before death, thus the 3rd Hokage is still strongly limited in what he can do, even if he recover quickly his chakra (in similar manner, when Mu split up and his chakra pool was halved, he could no longer use his Dust Element, even though he had infinitely recovering chakra).
So, is it going to be Minato or Kakashi that save them, or is it Hashirama and Madara ?
Funny enough how easily Sakura was cut out of this fight .
Did Obito just use the Gravity Technique of the Rinnegan at the end of this chapter ?
So Susanoo blocked it, yet a hole still was created, hmmmmm.
I am not perfect and I defy you to prove otherwise
Growing Old Gracefully is an Oxymoron ... Mostly Moron !
So this modified version of the bijuu dama has me thinking we'll be seeing a new version of the Rasengan being used for hand to hand combat. Yep, thats all I took from this chapter.
I think Obito's technique just absolutely vaporizes whatever it hits. After Sasuke blocked it the first time with Susanoo, there was a hole left in it. The edo tensei zombies seem to be constructed of paper talismans, or at least, that's what reforms them. The seems to be an infinitely summoned supply of them that regenerates the edo tensei zombies. Well, instead of allowing them to regenerate the body, the 2nd's technique converts them into paper bombs and redirects them. So in theory, it should be an endless stream. It didn't work because Obito's technique vaporized them faster than they could generate.
I think a large part of why the hokages are using techniques like this is to probe Obito's abilities, speed, defenses, etc. I mean, the 3rd was analyzing Obito's technique the entire time. I thought it was just shape manipulation of the bijuudama, but apparently it's more complicated than that.
As for what happened to Susanoo on the last page, Obito moved faster than Sasuke was able to react to bring up the complete protection, and even if he had, Obito's technique would vaporize through it anyways. Naruto's short range movement speed is actually faster than the 4th Hokage's, since the 4th needs a symbol to warp to, and he couldn't even avoid it.
Yay fodder ninja! Join the fight! Help you Hokages out with your superior skill and team work! It will be an asset in this fight and probably turn the whole battle around! Yaaaaay!!!
I liked this chapter, and liked how even though the 2nd was cut in half he was still hopping around and fighting lol
A pie in the sky?
I waonder what Madara's problem was, Wasn't he trying to block Obito from Gaining complete synchrony (or something like that) with the Juubi? Suddenly, now he wants to fight Hashirama?
Madara needs a therapist for his Bipolar condition ?
I am not perfect and I defy you to prove otherwise
Growing Old Gracefully is an Oxymoron ... Mostly Moron !
But really, I think that he might have approached Hashirama for another reason, unless he noticed that Obito won't be able to handle Jyubi and it will be soon released anyway and thus chose to spar with Hashirama now that he has to wait one way or another. Beside, Obito isn't in his right mind to cast Mugen Tsukuyomi right now.
From what I understood, basing on Mangastream's translation, Hiruzen was commenting that Jyubito's jutsu is something more than multi elemental manipulations (that's what Onoki uses, since he posses advanced advance bloodline limit (there was proper name for it when they were talking about Mu's abilities on the meeting), two kekkei genkai fused into one, so he technically uses at least 3-4 elements).
Madara could just be confronting Hashirama because that's what he's always done. Maybe Madara is going to explain his motivation for his actions? Perhaps Madara's trump card requires Hashirama to pull it off now?
Or it's possible that Madara wants to have his ultimate showdown with Hashirama now before he gains the power of the Jyuubi himself, to final settle who was best once and for all, without cheating via god-like power?


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2005 Alzero Giuseppe Quintarelli
Cs (6x75cl)
Cs (6x75cl)
0 immediate, 5 marketplace
Icon is a word that only goes some way to describe the late Giuseppe Quintarelli. The master of the Veneto, Giuseppe established the family estate, which was founded in 1924, as not only Veneto's most important, but one of the world's finest during his sixty-year career. The estate is now run by his daughter and grandchildren, but the Quintarelli name still stands as a stamp of authenticity and traditional, artisan production of the highest possible quality.
The flagship wine of the estate is the exceedingly rare Amarone della Valpolicella - one of the most traditionally produced Amarones, which is aged for seven years in Slavonian oak botti. However, despite being known for tradition, an innovative streak runs throughout the estate. It was the Quintarelli Valpolicella that opened the eyes of fellow producers, showcasing just what is possible from the region and their portfolio includes non-traditional blends. The dry white wine Bianco Secco, for instance, blends several local varieties and the brilliant Primofiore, combines the traditional with the not-so-typical Cabernets Sauvignon and Franc.
A visit to the estate shows that Giuseppe's spirit lives on. Spitting is still prohibited: the wine is what is important here and there is a tangible feeling of 'respect' for the wines, the property and tradition. This is one of Italy's greatest estates: one with a spirit and a heart.
See all wines from this Producer
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The Emery County Republican Party originally scheduled a Lincoln Day Breakfast for Feb. 9 until they obtained from the Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-day Saints a Castle Dale Stake calendar and learned of the World Wide Leadership Training scheduled for the same day. Realizing the potential impact of this church meeting on attendance at the breakfast.
Bill Dellos Chairman of the Emery County Republican party quickly called an executive meeting via the telephone to select a new Lincoln Day breakfast meeting date. They decided to hold the Lincoln Day Breakfast at 8 a.m. on Feb. 16, at the Museum of the San Rafael.When Bill Dellos, informed the State of Utah Republican Party about the change of dates, the Republican State Party leadership Stan Lockhart and Kitty Dunn said, "By changing the date to Feb. 16 you are creating a conflict with candidates running for office who want to attend your Emery County Lincoln Day Breakfast, Washington County Lincoln Day Breakfast and Davis County Lincoln Day Dinner. These candidates cannot possibly attend all three meetings on Feb 16."
The State of Utah Republican Party Leadership suggested a Lincoln Day Luncheon Feb. 16 instead or could some other day be scheduled.
After examining the options of other days and conflicts with other counties scheduled Lincoln Day events for February, the Emery County Republican Party Executive Committee decided to stay with the Feb. 16, Emery County Lincoln Day Breakfast at 8 a.m. in the Museum of the San Rafael.
Lt. Gov. Gary Herbert said he would try to be at the Emery County Republican Party Breakfast and would encourage Governor Huntsman to go to the Washington County Lincoln Day Breakfast. They would both possibly be able to attend the Lincoln Day Dinner in Davis County.
Attorney General Mark Shurtleff (still on crutches) said he would try to be at the Emery County Lincoln Day Breakfast depending on his schedule.
This Feb. 16 meeting is in preparation for the March 25 Precinct Caucus meetings or neighborhood meetings to elect precinct chairmen, vice chairmen and delegates for the county also elect the delegates for the Republican State Party conventions. Any registered Republican can run for these offices by getting enough people to vote for them at precinct caucus meetings. Those that become Republican Party State delegates will vote for the candidates running for State and Federal offices. Any state or federal candidate that gets more than 61 percent of the vote will not have to compete in a primary election.


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Skip to comments.Maxine Waters: We need a trillion dollar or more jobs program to revitalize economy (video)
Posted on 09/04/2011 10:40:53 AM PDT by Free ThinkerNY
Maxine Waters believes that the only way to get the economy going again is to spend another trillion dollars or more putting people back to work:
(Excerpt) Read more at therightscoop.com ...
Keep her and those who would act on suggestions like this, well away from the levers of power!
it's amazing how the most ignorant of the country get elected to the highest offices.
its amazing how the most ignorant of the country get elected to the highest offices.
Maxine Waters and her ilk are smarter than those who vote for them. That's damned scary.
Come on Maxine. It should be 100 gazillion dollars.
IMHO she makes Ted Kennedy look like a Rocket Scientist...
IMO, Sarah Palin gave a good blueprint for creating jobs that would garner more tax payers than welfare recipients. I'm sure Maxine's little pea brain can't process what she said, though.
They do not know government jobs cost money they don't make money..
A gov't job subtracts revenue, assets, and possibilities from the economy it does not add to the economy..
A trillion dollars would be about $60,000 for every unemployed person. Might as well cut out the middle man and write a check to the individual.
Another genius who thinks we can borrow our way to prosperity.
My how Maxine has grown, after the Rodney King riots she tried to attach a rider to a bill giving African American males in her district 500 bucks each. Now, shes ready to hop on board with helicopter Ben and just throw billions to the masses.
It is very sad that so many of our citizens are not qualified to have the right to vote.
Fixed your typo
One.... TRILLION.... dollars.
What a loser. She believes in stealing as much money as she can. She should be in a prison cell.
Maxine Waters gives ignorant commie douchbags a bad name
"Come on Maxine. It should be 100 gazillion dollars."
LOL! That captures it. She reminds me of the quote from Reagan about how liberals are like babies, a ravenous appetite on one end and no sense of responsibility on the other.
If we could just put *her* to work for the first time in her political career, we'd have accomplished something. Thanks Free ThinkerNY.
How much would that be if you just gave it to blacks?
It's good she's managing to keep herself in the news. Best advertising for insanity there is. The public needs to know what they think.
Don't give her any ideas. But I think we'd be way over '40 acres and a mule' territory.
All Democratic Black and Hispanic Congressmembers have ridden on the backs of their plantation electorates to enrich themselves. Just ask Maxine Waters and her husband or Charles Rangel. Los Angeles' Mayor Villaraigosa. Or former CA Speaker, now Congressmember Karen Bass or former CA Speaker Willie Brown.
Outside of Congress Maxine Waters and her ilk do not have the skills to clean a toilet.
1 trillion divided by 9 million is $111,000 per person. If you count those who are sitting on the sidelines, hiding in college, or working under the table, pretty easy to balloon the number of unemployed to 27 million. That's $37,000 per person for that trillion dollars. (It still boggles the mind just how huge of a number we're talking about...)
So if all 27 million suddenly became direct employees of the federal government at a paltry $30,000, and $7,000 goes in to providing benefits because that's how feds think, you'd have them all employed, and the fed should come away with about 40 billion in direct taxes, and roughly 80 billion in indirect taxes, with roughly the same number going to the states in their taxes.
Of course, the feds would spend another trillion outfitting these people with vehicles, offices, computers, etc, and probably half a trillion more to create management teams to run those 27,000,000 people...
I got a much better idea. How about cutting taxes by a trillion dollars and let the economy rebuild itself? How about putting up for open auction all those Fanny Mae and Freddie Mac properties so that people have a shot at buying their own homes and the housing market can settle back down? How about getting government out of the way, rather than racking up even more debt?
The money the public would save buying heat from every source would divert to demand for other products. People would have to go to work to saticfy that demand.
Who knew Maxine Waters was a supply sider...after a fashion.
Maxine wants to take over the oil companies and tax the banks out of business if they do not give her stuff.What Maxine really needs is a lobotomy but to do so would mean performing an anal probe first to find where to hook the other end of the cable. Anyone up for the job?
Pssssssssssst, Maxine...been there done that, FAILED! Now, put your straight jacket back on and go to the corner and continue to make bubbles with your own slobber...
Now; you think Maxine "I be of sound mind" Waters will bring THAT to the floor of the House for a vote?
Once we blow through the trillion, what happens to those jobs? If they're not based on market demand, then they are not self-supporting.
Two examples of this failing are:
1. The Clinton program to give money to the states to put more cops on the street. Once the program ended, states had to lay off all those cops.
2. Porkulus. It went to states and was used to buffer state union employees, teachers, etc. from the layoffs which were occurring in the private sector. Now that money is gone, states are laying off employees right and left.
An delicious irony is when Obama staged a presser using a teacher whose job was saved by porkulus as a stage prop. A couple of years later when the money was gone, that same teacher was laid off.
We need a Maxie Troll doll
500,000 dollars.
Does that include Uncle Toms?
"This program will make all of you rich beyond your wildest dreams."
Uuuuuhhh, Congressperson Waters...last I heard we were broke...where you plan to get 1,000,000,000,000 USD? Wow, that's a lot of zeros!
Give Mad Maxine a 100 Trillion Dollar Zimbabwe currency note (worth about $5 US). That ought to keep her quiet for a while.
She and most of her colleages need orange jump suits! Will we ever have the balss to prosecute?
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ANTIMONY, UTAH - Leonard Fred Cox, age 64, passed away peacefully on Jan. 29, 2012 at his home in Antimony, Utah after a battle with cancer. Leonard was born Aug. 26, 1947 in Price, Utah to Fred and Ruth Sitterud Cox. He married Jackie L. Taylor in Ely, Nev. on July 13, 1979. They later divorced. He married Marian Campbell in Orangeville on Dec. 30, 1999.
Leonard was raised in Orangeville and graduated from Emery High School. He served his country in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. He worked most of his adult life in construction where he had many talents. He was a heavy equipment operator, mostly working on a road grader. He enjoyed wood work and creating various things. He was inventive and made new things out of old. He is survived by his wife, Marian Cox of Antimony; children: Angie (Greg) Barton of Castle Dale, Richard (Tammy) Cox of Orangeville, and Lenny Cox of Orangeville; stepchildren: Chuck (April) Bools of Las Vegas, Nev., Marty (Amber) Vonkaenal of Calimesa, Calif., and Wendy (Wally) Wallstead of Phelan, Calif.; one grandchild, Allie Cox; stepgrandchildren: Tristian Hoover, Arialle, Tim (Natalia), and Rick Bools, Payton and Landyn Vonkaenal, and Luke and Mathew Wallstead; one great-step-grandchild, Tyler Bools; mother, Ruth S. Cox; brothers and sisters: Greg, Carol, Thayne, Winona, Leslie, Claudia, Courtney, Nancy, Selma, and Edna. He was preceded in death by his father, Fred Cox.
Funeral services will be held Thursday Feb. 2, 2012 at 12 noon at the Orangeville LDS Chapel (45 West 100 South, Orangeville). There will be a viewing Wednesday Feb. 1 from 6 - 8 p.m. at Fausett Mortuary (720 N. Center St., Castle Dale) and Thursday at 11 a.m. prior to the services at the church. Interment will be in the Orangeville City Cemetery. Services are in the care of Fausett Mortuary. Family and friends may sign the guest book and share memories of Leonard at www.fausettmortuary.com.


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Confessionsofa Ex-Doofus-ItchyFooted Mutha
The tale of adventures, shot on locations around the world, but first and foremost it is a love story. Naturally, however, in the time honored tradition, our hero is not immediately aware of his affliction. The film unfolds as a funky picaresque comedy, "Real Hood music mixed with the intimate, wily, urban ruminations of our hero, alternating with epic action-bites as our pilgrim stumbles his way through life. In essence it is a magnificent look at how Fate leads our lives, the ups and downs it hands out as we make our way along.
Cast: Mario Van Peebles, Melvin Van Peebles, Ted Hayes, Alfred Preisser, Stephanie Weeks
Produced by: Melvin Van Peebles
Directed by: Melvin Van Peebles
Written by: Melvin Van Peebles
Running time: 1hr 39min
Opens: Aug 21, 2009 NY
|Theaters for Today
Pick a day


text:
Skip to comments.New York AG Takes On "Reciprocity" Gun Bill
Posted on 12/07/2012 1:20:25 PM PST by neverdem
As it currently stands, the Second Amendment guarantees U.S. citizens the right to own firearms. But each state is permitted to place its own restrictions on the types of firearms -- and the manner in which they're possessed -- that people are allowed to own.
A bill making its way through Congress would grant "reciprocity" for gun owners in states where they don't actually live. In other words, if you can carry a concealed handgun under Ohio law, an Ohio resident can carry a concealed weapon in New York -- regardless of New York's gun laws.
The bill is designed to keep gun owners from getting arrested in other states where gun laws might be different than they are in the state in which they live. But New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman ain't havin' it.
Schneiderman is leading a coalition of attorneys general who oppose "The National Right-to-Carry Reciprocity Act" and "The Respecting States Rights and Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act," which he says "would force states like New York, and the other co-signing states, to abandon their own gun laws by allowing out-of-state visitors to carry concealed firearms based on their home state's less safe laws, rather than those of the state they are entering."
In a letter to Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, the attorneys general expressed their concern that "the bill would restrict their states' ability to control who may and may not carry a concealed weapon within their borders, undermine the ability of police to verify the validity of gun permits, and allow gun traffickers to more easily bring illegal guns into their respective states.
"These two bills would force states to recognize concealed carry permits issued by any other states, even those with poor oversight and weaker permitting standards," the attorneys general wrote. "These bills would create a lowest common denominator approach to public safety that would endanger police and make it more difficult to prosecute gun traffickers."
Scheniderman says, that in 2011, about 68 percent of guns recovered in connection with crimes committed in New York State originally came from outside the state. That said, all of those guns found their way to New York without the help of a reciprocity law.
See the attorneys general's letter below.
The Honorable Harry Reid The Honorable Mitch McConnell
U.S. Senate Majority Leader U.S. Senate Republican Leader
522 Hart Senate Office Building 317 Russell Senate Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20510 Washington, D.C. 20510
RE: Attorney General Opposition To S. 2188, "The National Right-to-Carry Reciprocity Act" (Begich-Manchin) and S. 2213, "The Respecting States Rights and Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act" (Thune-Vitter)
Dear Majority Leader Reid and Republican Leader McConnell:
We write to respectfully urge you and your caucuses to oppose S. 2188, "The National Right-to-Carry Reciprocity Act" and S. 2213, "The Respecting States Rights and Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act." These two bills would force states to recognize concealed carry permits issued by any other states, even those with poor oversight and weaker permitting standards. These bills would create a lowest common denominator approach to public safety that would endanger police and make it more difficult to prosecute gun traffickers.
S. 2188 and S. 2213 trample on states' rights by overriding our states' legislative and regulatory authority to determine who can - and who cannot - carry hidden and loaded guns in public. For example, many states have established standards that go beyond federal law in order to keep concealed weapons out of the hands of violent misdemeanants, alcohol abusers, teenagers, and people who have not completed basic safety training. S. 2188 and S. 2213 would gut this framework, and impose the weakest state permitting and verification standards on all other states.
Under current law, states are free to enter into, refuse, or revoke concealed carry reciprocity agreements with other states. These agreements are often contingent on states having comparable permitting standards. For example, authorities in Nevada and New Mexico made the decision to stop recognizing carry permits issued by Utah, which does not require live-fire instruction as part of its training requirements. Nevada has also ended reciprocity with Florida, which only requires individuals to renew their permits every seven years. States would lose this discretion under forced reciprocity.
As Attorneys General, we are most troubled by the threat to public safety posed by local law enforcement's inability to promptly verify out-of-state permits. Contrary to claims by proponents of national concealed carry reciprocity legislation, varying state standards make it nearly impossible for our law enforcement agencies to quickly determine if a carry permit from another state is valid. This further jeopardizes the safety of police and the public. In addition, there is no comprehensive national database or inquiry system that alerts law enforcement officers when a concealed carry permit is counterfeit, expired, or has recently been revoked.
In fact, some states also fail to adequately track their own permit issuances and revocations. The Georgia Bureau of Investigations has confirmed it cannot determine when a state permit-holder breaks the law; recently enacted Wisconsin law prohibits law enforcement from accessing permitting information during traffic stops or for purposes of investigating potential criminal activity; and Florida issued permits to more than 1,400 people who previously pleaded guilty or no contest to felonies, 216 people with outstanding warrants, 128 people with active domestic violence injunctions, and six registered sex offenders.
The police officers in our states are already putting their lives on the line when they stop potentially dangerous individuals on the street. Forcing these officers to conduct traffic stops and other police activity with no ability to authenticate every other state's carry permits would pose an extraordinary and unnecessary risk.
Forced reciprocity is opposed by national organizations including: the International Association of Chiefs of Police; the Major Cities Chiefs Association, representing the police chiefs of 62 major U.S. cities; the National Network to End Domestic Violence, representing 56 state and territorial domestic violence coalitions; the Association of Prosecuting Attorneys; as well as various state law enforcement associations and law enforcement leaders. Forced reciprocity is also opposed by Mayors Against Illegal Guns, a bipartisan coalition of more than 650 mayors who collectively represent 54 million Americans.
We urge you to stand up for America's law enforcement community and oppose S. 2188 and S. 2213.
Eric T. Schneiderman
New York Attorney General
Kamala D. Harris
California Attorney General
George Jepsen
Connecticut Attorney General
David M. Louie
Hawaii Attorney General
Lisa Madigan
Illinois Attorney General
Douglas F. Gansler
Maryland Attorney General
Martha M. Coakley
Massachusetts Attorney General
Catherine Cortez Masto
Nevada Attorney General
Ellen Rosenblum
Oregon Attorney General
Kathleen Kane
Pennsylvania Attorney General-Elect
We were talking the other day about reciprocity....My beef is with driver's licenses. One license obtained where you live. When it's time to renew, if you have moved, you renew it there. Of course the "tax scam" is plates and registering the vehicle every two years (in my State).
Only two of them were surprising.
Eric Schneiderman is a first class d***head. As New Yorkers, we deal with this anti-Constitution AG on a daily basis.
I'm sorry the rest of you have to be subjected to his unparalleled stupidity on a matter such as this.
Can't allow the plebs a taste of freedom. That would spoil everything. BTT.
Don't know why the NY AG is making such a big stink. There's a snowball's chance in Heck Obama would ever sign such a thing.
So we should pass a law here in Colorado that doesn't recognize New York drivers licenses.
I believe that this list of gun-concerned Attorneys General also constitutes a list of the states with most felony gun violence. Also the most left laying. (they leaned so far they fell over)
by allowing out-of-state visitors to carry concealed firearms based on their home state's less safe laws, rather than those of the state they are entering."
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
For starters, I would really like to see states like VA tell NY, MD, etc "Why do you expect US to honor your same sex marriages when you will not honor our right to carry.
Even got a slogan (everything needs a slogan or rhyme these days)
So will these same AGs allow "states rights" restrictions on women voting, slavery, cruel and unusual punishment, self-incrimination, or things not even in the Constitution like gay marriage or abortion?
Of course not, there's the catch-all "equal protection" argument!
It's only your 2nd Amendement Right that's... not really a "right" but... more like guidelines... (says Capn' Barbosa)
For years when people frist started to get drivers lic. They were only good in one state.
Full reciprocity took years to come about same with vehicle registration.
Most people are not aware of that fact because it was some time ago.
Truthfully I am apprehensive about forced reciprocity, because I fear it opening up a can of worms.
There are a very large number of reciprocity agreements between the states over all sorts of things—with no federal hand in any of it. But this is not to say that the federals would not love to horn in to these agreements if they could.
Right now they do horn in if there is great disagreements, such as over water in the western states. And once the feds decide something, good or bad, the states are stuck with it.
I can almost guarantee that if federal gun reciprocity is passed, the very next efforts will be to make "homosexual marriage", "abortion rights", "hate crimes laws", and other such things as binding federal reciprocity agreements.
And lord knows what all else. So, at least for the time being, it is less harmful to just know that you cannot transport guns through some parts of the US, where the constitution means little compared to the corruption of government.
"You know the BS is getting thick when the left invokes states' rights."
No kidding.
Hmmmm. One of them isn't even an AG yet.
"Only 10 AGs signed that letter. Only two of them were surprising."
I assume you are talking about Nevada and Oregon. Their respective AGs are very liberal women, so their inclusion is actually not at all surprising.
PA is a state with many firearm owners, who often find themselves in trouble in NY and NJ.
Shocked and pleased that Chiesa did not sign.
My thoughts exactly.
What a metric load of horse hockey.
Why then can't each state place its own restrictions on the 1st Amendment? The 4th? The 6th? 7th? 8th?
The truth is, the Constitution is just a convenient fiction. It is no longer operative. The Left has control, and is just deciding its moment to fully seize power, and how many deaths they are willing to entertain to get it.
State's rights to repress rights. They're consistent.
Now, that would be a problem, wouldn't it.
Imagine if our Founders had been so foolish as to provide a common expectation like, for example, "the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed". That would really be a problem.
The anti-gunners' heads are going to explode unless Obama is able to change the present make-up of the Supreme Court.
The biggest scam about drivers licenses is that all those many years ago when they were first passed, they only applied to commercial drivers. Because it was widely known and accepted that you have a common law right to travel the public roads. Sadly 70+ years of propaganda have convinced many that you must ask permission from the government to travel.
"...Kathleen Kane
Pennsylvania Attorney General-Elect..."
Well, gee, It didn't take long for this effing witch POS Kathleen Kane to show her true colors.
We'll see how a couple thousand letters to the Republican Governor and House and Senate, and every gun rights organization in the state organizing against her sticks this right up her ass if she tries her liberal freak BS with Pennsylvania gunnies.
Game on, sweetie.
"...anti-gunners' heads are going to explode..."
Oh, what nice imagery you paint....
Yes. Time for the gloves to come off.
Then you would need a separate drivers, marriage or any other license when you visit a state.
Actually, the marriage license thing was an issue in the early 1900's when biracial couples would travel through parts of the South.
I can almost guarantee that if federal gun reciprocity is passed, the very next efforts will be to make homosexual marriage, abortion rights, hate crimes laws, and other such things as binding federal reciprocity agreements.
fed regs are near universally B...A...D !!!
full reciprosity would eventually lead to the *least common denominator* being a fed standards for CC written by NY, Ill and Cal, which will trump the rest...bet on it...
Wouldn't that law force states to recognize and honor same sex marriages from liberal states?
I understand the attractiveness of this bill for gun permits but then why have states to begin with?
Another Harvard educated Jewish lawyer who hates "little people" and thinks he's just the answer for all our problems.
In other words, the Reciprocal Right to Carry law is good for America, good for patriots, good for freedom, good for liberty....and bad for the socialist despots who want to destroy our Constitution & rule the country as dictatorial elitists & fascist-socialists.
"As it currently stands, the Second Amendment guarantees U.S. citizens the right to own firearms. But each state is permitted to place its own restrictions on the types of firearms — and the manner in which they're possessed — that people are allowed to own."
"As it currently stands," the US Supreme Court incorporated the second amendment among the states. Although simply ignored by some states and municipalities, the second amendment simply formalizes the human right to self-defense and the USSC has acknowledged that right as well as affirmed that it applies everywhere. No state is "permitted to place (any) restrictions" on that basic human right. The AG of NY is wrong—but when has that ever stopped govt officials from oppressing people? I am sure there are legal "experts" out there who can cough up a convoluted legal argument denying this but the intent of the 2nd amendment and the rights of human beings remains clear.
That's always entertaining when Lefties start sounding like 'originalists'. When it serves their ends, even Nancy Pelosi can sound like a Constitutional Scholar.(well, that may be taking it a bit too far)
"all of those guns found their way to New York without the help of a reciprocity law."
Did the guns just all walk up to NY all on their own? Maybe they flew. Perhaps an SUV gave them a ride.
The first step in "economic secession" should be declaration from all Red States that
"No 'order' (tyrannical fiat) issued by the Federal Executive Branch or any 'regulation' issued by any Federal agency of unelected bureaucrats shall bear the force of law within this State."
The second step in the "economic secession" of the red states from the blue hellholes should be a "Red State 2nd Amendment Reciprocity Bill".
The next step in "economic secession" should be Red State bills declaring all taxes paid by that State's citizens or businesses to be State Taxes -- with the State legislatures releasing to the Federal Government only those funds required to support that State's fraction of essential services (i.e. National Defense) that are Constitutional Federal responsibilities.
States should then be required by their citizens to reduce their citizens' taxes commensurate with the difference between taxes now paid to the FedGov and the pittance ratio of "Federal" funds returned to the state in the prior five years.
And then, Red States should begin a sequence of withholding their shares of any monies going to worthless or harmful agencies such as IRS, EPA, ATF, HHS, TSB, etc., etc., etc... And then, the States should reduce their citizens' taxes by a proportionate amount.
Note that the "second step" in #33, above, specifically addresses the issue of this thread...
2A legislation is the big stumbling block of centralization. The idiots know if they pass an egregiously stupid law some states will not only ignore it they will completely circumvent it. Kind of like select fire rifles and MGs without the dog license. (FTR I want a M-249) Since America is being reduced to a combination day care center/Jim JOnes cult with people desperate to get out of this show of freedom could set off a rapid demise of the baby sitting regime.
One question: Does Schneiderman carry in New York or in ANY state he visits?
I went to the Village Voice and looked at the comments. Amazingly, all 13 of them were against Mr. Schneiderman.
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text: I have thought this over for days and have finally decided to post on the subject. I got into rc airplanes in 2005 when I joined AMA and joined my first club. I simply loved meeting the pilots and watching them fly their airplanes and work on them! At the time there were at least a dozen people in my area that were building warbirds and flying them on the weekend and 40 to 50 more that were into anything from small nitro trainers up to 42%, 150cc giant scale aerobatic planes! I loved going to our local airshow that would bring in at least 100 rc pilots or more in late january, most being dedicated to larger aircraft. I slowly built up a large inventory of airplanes from .40 nitro planes up to my 36% 116cc katana! Slowly the winds of change blew into my hobby and every year there were less participants up to today where we are just about down to the bone as far as participating members go. Most weekends now I see on average 2 to 6 people coming to the fields that I am a member of and sometimes no one! I'm so tired of hearing of pilots "getting out of the hobby" because there isn't anyone to replace them and we are already down to the bone as far as people that come to fly! I get so tired of all the lame excuses as to why they can't come out to fly! I've heard them all, like it's too hot or too cold, too windy, have to stay home and hold the girlfriends hand, no time, gas is too high, changing interests and on and on! I remember one old timer that died a couple of years ago, probably around ninety years of age, that could hardly see and had to sit in a chair to fly, but if he was physically capable he would be out at the field on sunday. A few years before he passed on a couple of club do gooders wanted to make him fly on a buddy cord, but I knew if they tried he would have probably beat them over their heads with his transmitter! Why is it that there are hardly any passionate flyers left like this gentleman? I watch the buy and sell here on rcu and the owners of the giant scale aircraft, mainly 42% 150cc class, can't even sell their planes for less than 50% of what they got in them, in other words they can hardly give them away! I started my 36% katana up for the first time this fall and after doing so, I set down on the porch and gazed at it and I got a weird feeling that if I took it to the field, would there be anyone out there willing to hold it while I started it up before flying it! Say it ain't so Joe, please tell me things are much better in other area's of the USA!


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Related Products
Ask a question
Product Questions
We do not have voltages other than standard North American. Unfortunately our products are intended for use in the US and Canada only. Feel free to let us know if you have any further questions.
This will have a single outlet which a pump or possible water solenoid could be attached to. We do not currently have an option for water solenoid however if you find one option with an outlet control this controller can turn it on and off. Feel free to let us know if you have any further questions!
The max on time for the unit will be 14 minutes. Feel free to let us know if you have any further questions!
We are not aware of this feature being able to be turned off. You may want to contact the manufacturer to see if there is any adjustments. Feel free to let us know if you have any further questions!
Really just about anything will work in terms of the ATO itself, its more about how far and fast you need to pump water. The most common pump is the aqualifter pump which pumps slowly and only goes a couple of feet. Otherwise if you need to pump larger distances you could use something like the 50ml top off doser.
The vacuum pump is on the bracket at the top of the tank at lease 3 ft. higher then my R/O holding tank(no pump in here for the A.T.O.
Is the water in your storage container higher off the floor then the water in your sump? If so that would create a siphon when the pump turns on and water would continue to pass to the tank after it turns off (regardless of where pump itself is located).
Any low flow pump will work with this ATO. I ave personally used our 50ml/min dosing pump but find that it had trouble keeping up with large systems. I moved to the Auqa Gadget HydroFill ATO Pump due to the fact that it can be run dry without any problems, its self priming and it won't back siphon.
Another great option would be a small submersible pump like the eheim 300 or sicce micra and micraplus
Keep in mind these pumps are rated for low head heights so if you are running the ATO hose from the ground to the top of your tank you will need to go a little bigger.
I hope this helps!
Have a great day :)
Full Details
JBJ ATO Self-Leveling Controller Features:
Float Sensors
The A.T.O. is equipped with (2) float sensors that activate within seconds when your water level drops and automatically refills your sump or tank until it reaches your desired set point. Each float sensor has been designed with an exterior guard preventing snails & hermit crabs from attaching to the sensors.
Electronic Controller Module
Our state-of-the-art electronic controller allows for (2) modes of operation with a total of (3) different set up scenarios, allowing you more choices for installation for your unique set up. Our compact controller also incorporates a visible L.E.D. panel and an Audible Signal alerts when in operation mode.
Linkable Brackets
The kit includes commercial grade "Linkable Brackets" that can easily be adjusted to meet your height requirements, and securely positions your float sensors. No suction cups to lead to disastrous water spillage.
Pump Safety Protection
The A.T.O. automatically stops power to your return pump in your reservoir, in the event that your reservoir is low on water. This safety feature prevents pumps from running dry and failing. (Mode A- Example 1)
good top unit for the price By Denbf58 on 12/15/2016Denbf58 would recommend this product to a friendjust received my second unit for another tank my first one has been working just fine for 3 years now bang for the buck this is a good unit .
I should have trusted negative reviews By Steve16046 on 12/9/2016Steve16046 wouldn't recommend this product to a friendI bought this because of the BRS video recommendation and being the eternal optimist I elected to ignore the negative reviews here. I was hoping that either they were isolated instances or perhaps the product was since improved. It wouldn't happen to me anyway. Well I had it installed for just 2-3 weeks and it stopped working. I suspect the float switch that tells the unit to deliver more water, and was causing my sump pump to suck air. For me (and my fish and corals) this could have been a serious problem since this tank is in my office and I am not here on the weekends. Had I not noticed it, my main pump would likely have burned out and disaster would have followed. To the credit of BRS, they stood behind the product and got me out a replacement promptly. But I will start looking for another solution, since now I won't trust this product. The float switches seemed to be very cheap and poor quality, which is a shame because they are probably the key to this product performing dependably.
Worked Sorta By Jamie on 12/3/2016Jamie wouldn't recommend this product to a friendLike others have said. Its okay I guess but don't trust it with your tank. It will randomly decide to stop working and then your tank won't fill. If you're always around its not terrible but when you work 80 hours a week like me then you quickly get your tank 10 gallons of water short and with a salinity through the roof.
As advertised fits in back of JBJ 6 Gallon By JBJ6Reef on 6/24/2016JBJ6Reef would recommend this product to a friendI use this in my JBJ 6 gallon reef tank. The float sensor fits in the middle back compartment after I removed the original media.
Decent ATO when it works, not reliable for long trips By Michael on 6/2/2016Michael would recommend this product to a friendI've had this ATO about 2.5 years now. It's decently reliable, however, sometimes it just stops working, its like it will get past the float valve and just not try to fill any more. Usually I can go 3-4 days with it working, and then it stops, I'll come home after not being there for 5 days and I'm about to run dry in my pump. It's a shame, since I'd like to be able to leave for 5+ days without worrying about the tank running dry. I would recommend it for people who had time and are around enough to catch it not working. I've swapped float sensors, but went back to the original, because the new one shorted out or something.
No go By Just_Tim on 5/21/2016Just_Tim wouldn't recommend this product to a friendIve bought 3 of these. None of them lasted longer than 6 months. 1 blew it's board in 60 days, the other two stopped recognizing the float switches. Jbj did send me a new head unit but after 3 failed controllers I have completely lost faith in the products this company pushes.
short lived By Chris on 4/29/2016Chris would recommend this product to a friendthese just don't last.
Positive Review By Jason on 2/16/2016Jason would recommend this product to a friendI am running the JBJ ATO on my 27 gallon cube with the eshopps sump. I highly recommend watching the videos and setting the ATO with Sensor A triggering the pump and flipping Sensor B around to shut the pump off if the water volume gets to high in the sump.
Money Well Spent By Chris on 1/3/2016Chris would recommend this product to a friendEasy setup, straightforward indicators, and well priced. I haven't had any issues at all in months of use, and little to no build-up on the floats. I do still clean them with my sump maintenance, and splash some water on them to stave off salt creep now and again. I do like having the second float as an off switch as recommend by the BRS video. Will buy again if I need another.
Same story different person By josh on 12/22/2015josh wouldn't recommend this product to a friendI recently had this product working well for about a month or two. Switched it to a different tank and now the red light goes on for instilling water and does not go off, switched sensors, power on and off, no kinks in sensors, it just does not work. Very disappointing. Had a great start
Nice By Phand on 12/19/2015Phand would recommend this product to a friendI purchased this with a nice pump very reliable and cost effective
Disappointed By Sad Panda on 12/1/2015Sad Panda wouldn't recommend this product to a friendBiggest thing I found was that if I have power outages even for a minute or two when the power comes back on the ATO turns on the pump for about 10 seconds "no matter what the water level is". If you have several power stops and starts like when they are trying to get the power on after a storm you could end up with a flood.


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That being said, almost everything you mentioned was fixed in the second game. The combat is completely different. Its been upgraded to be very close to "Gears of War" combat style. The character classes are not only unique, but so good that they didnt change anything about them in the third game(save for adding a new move or two for variety). Wasnt interested in the story? Fair enough, the second game is almost completely character driven and only held together by a loose(and almost cliche') storyline. Yet its still considered one of the best games made because of how well done those characters and situations are. Not to mention one of the most personal simply because of the various choices you make and the consequences hanging over your head.
Anyone hung up on the first game should really download the free demo for the third game. You will be shocked at the night and day difference with graphics and combat. If you enjoy it, then id suggest just sticking to the main storyline in the first game and putting your head down and finishing it. You WILL be rewarded for your perseverance with the second game.
Terrorist attack count against the Anything Goes Thread: 5
http://content.usatoday.com/communit...1#.Tz6JplGwX0TIn case you don't know, a playable demo has already hit Xbox Live and the PlayStation Network.
But next week, a select intrepid few will have the opportunity to play the full game before it hits stores. Publisher Electronic Arts will be launching copies of the game into space using weather balloons that will be released in New York, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Berlin, London and Paris.
The hype machine is out in full force...
Last edited by Locke; 02-17-2012 at 01:13 PM.
So played the multiplayer demo last night with a friend. We were up until 6:30 in the morning. It was that addictive.
The good: you get alot of customization options for your character. Everything from appearance to skills to weapons. Its extremely challenging, but also rewarding. As well, the game randomly changes things up every few waves. For example: me and my friend burned down the first 2 waves, on the third wave they changed the objection to "uploading" data at a certain location, i got it but we were so torn up in the process the enemy had little problem finishing us off. The next round we played, we got to the 3rd wave, only for the objection to be hunting down a certain type of enemy. By changing it up it kept us guessing, it was hectic but extremely fun. Every round gave out medals and cash based on how you did that can be used for weapons, armor, extra ammo, medigel, etc. As well, your character levels up while you play, so you can spend points on new skills.
The bad: Not so much bad but pet peeves. For one, they possibly nerfed Sentinel. Either that or we were both bugged badly. We both died a few times with our tech armor still up. As well, it didnt really take damage as it never broke. In order to break it and get the "push back" effect you would physically have to press the button. Keep in mind, it was NOT like that in the regular game demo, so its possibly it was buggy because it was a demo, who knows. Anyways, the main problem i had was when i tried out a Turian. He couldnt dodge, lunge to the side, and avoid like the human characters could. Its possibly that more human-like characters can(Drell for instance), but for the Turian it was almost like playing the first game again. Needless to say, my dreams of leveling up a Salarian Sentinel took a beating last night.
Final verdict: the pro's of multiplayer far outweigh the con's. As i said, the "bad" was more of personal pet peeves then anything else. Ill be playing it addictively on at least a few of my Shepards, and Locke has indicated hes game(unless anything i wrote was a game breaker). If anyone wants to join us, im fairly certain god intended for a 4 man Miami Dolphins group to save the galaxy. I mean, who else is there to rely on, the Jets? Please.


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This document describes techniques to troubleshoot problems that you might experience with Cisco Unity audio quality. Audio quality for the Cisco architecture for voice, video and integrated data (AVVID) solution is a perceptual measure of how good audio sounds as it reaches the intended recipient. With any subjective evaluation, it is most important to realize the measurable areas of audio quality and identify how these areas affect the reported audio quality problem.
For example, if a reported problem is "loud Unity system prompts," volume can be described as the problem area that impacts audio. If you isolate the investigation to volume levels, you can take the steps in this document to further investigate what part of the environment might change volume levels.
After you categorize the type of audio quality issue, you can determine the source of the audio distortion thorough a process of elimination. This can be a complex process, depending on the number of devices in any AVVID deployment that originate, control, or deliver audio streams to Cisco Unity. Keep in mind the complexity of the environment and the various paths the audio stream take, to more quickly identify the source of audio distortions. Each of the known areas of audio quality issues in this document follow this logic as troubleshooting progresses.
For example, when the problem area that affects audio quality is known to be volume, there are several ways to change volume in the AVVID environment. The Volume Levels and Gain Control section first addresses any potential volume changes Cisco Unity can make to an audio stream; it then covers other known sources of volume modification that can impact audio received by Cisco Unity. If none of the topics in that section correct the audio distortion, check the other listed symptoms for a similar sounding audio issue.
Readers of this document should have knowledge of these topics:
How to set Cisco Unity traces
How to use Netmon (from the Microsoft Windows 2000 Resource Kit)
How to work with the Windows registry
In addition, you should know this information about the Cisco Unity installation, before you complete the troubleshooting in this document:
Cisco Unity version number
Integration type including the Telephony Application Program Interface (TAPI) service provider (TSP) version number
Cisco Unity message recording format (codec type)
Codices used within the integration and any other regions of the deployment
Installation history (new install, upgrade)
Local topology information can be also useful to understand the pathways that audio travels to Unity
The information in this document is based on these software and hardware versions:
Cisco Unity version 220.127.116.11, 3.x versions through 3.1(5), and 4.x versions through 4.0(2).
Netmon Network Analysis Tool from the Windows 2000 Resource Kit
Sniffer Pro version 4.5 from Network Associates, Inc. (NAI).
Cisco Unity utility AudioStat, available in Cisco Unity 4.0(1) and later versions; and Capripper utility, available in Cisco Unity 4.0(2) and later
Note: Not all are required for every type of audio quality issue described.
The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.
Refer to the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions.
Note: The links in this document contain the most current information known on the type of audio distortion possible in the environment. Review the symptoms of each before you attempt troubleshooting steps.
This section describes volume level and gain control troubleshooting techniques.
The symptom of this problem area relates to unexpected changes in the volume level of a voice mail message or volume levels from Cisco Unity measured as "too loud" or "too quiet."
Volume level and gain control issues are most often reported when audio is too quiet in a message for the user to understand the content. There are also possible fluctuations of volume that could be reported as creating a "garbled" message, where the volume goes up or down regardless of the volume of a speaker's voice (for example: Audio Volume Fluctuation on Phone Load).
Cisco Unity versions 3.1(2) and later also contain an automatic gain control (AGC) feature, which might contribute to fluctuations in volume if incorrect settings are introduced in the configuration. This is most often noted by large increases in volume at the end of a message (for example: Audio Volume Fluctuation from Incorrect AGC Settings).
Finally, adjustments to recording or playback gain where AGC is used can modify the incoming audio stream before it reaches the AGC operation. This can cause extreme volume levels in the message (for example: Audio Volume Extremes from Incorrect TSP Settings).
Audio volume distortion can occur at any point in a voice stream, from an originating cellular phone on an external call through to the IP phone that receives a message from that caller. Volume gain might be distorted with an increase or decrease in volume through these devices:
IP Phone (no configurable gain)
Analog gateways (gain increase or decrease)
Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) (gain increase or decrease)
Unity TSP (either on-board AGC through a Dialogic TSP or playback and record gain values in Cisco Unity TSP registry values)
Unity AGC (increase and decrease through AGC)
PSTN devices (unknown, and usually not programmatically altering volume, although "noise-reducing" microphones can adjust input gain)
Cisco Unity versions later than 3.1(2) with AGC enabled have a target nominal volume level of –26 decibels by default. When other devices in the deployment might also control gain levels, it can be easiest to isolate a volume issue by first disabling these settings on gateways that deliver audio to Cisco Unity.
Note: When the gain levels vary on different gateways, the settings should be noted so that you can return the levels to the original values after you troubleshoot (if needed).
Note: Ensure that you do not increase the volume of speakers or headphones while you are troubleshooting this type of issue.
Use these steps to troubleshoot volume level and gain control issues:
Identify which audio streams are affected by the volume problems.
Are all audio streams from Cisco Unity at a low volume? If only a particular part of an audio stream is affected (for example, only Cisco Unity system prompts or only messages), proceed to Step 2.
When all audio from Cisco Unity is at a low volume and phone-to-phone volumes are low, first check gain settings on gateways in the environment.
Use Cisco Unity to validate volume levels:
During a maintenance window, enable the Cisco Unity Diagnostic Tool (UDT) for MiuIO Miscellaneous (23).
This diagnostic reports the input power levels of all incoming audio samples, as shown in this example:
MiuIO 23 [Thread 0x00000EB0] [Port 2] [AvWav: Miscellany] Power = -31.012355dB Gain adjustment = 5.000000dB.
From a single source (a local IP phone, for example), leave messages for Cisco Unity with similar volume levels. Applying a steady speaking voice to say the same 10 to 15 second phrases.
An internal call should serve as the "control" point for volume on the IP network. Calls that are made out through the PSTN and back into Cisco Unity show the volume levels that come through any number of analog gateways.
After you complete all of the test calls, stop the UDT trace and gather the diagnostic for the time period that the calls were made.
Find the individual calls by their timestamp in the diagnostic, and view the Power and Gain adjustment settings for each call.
If calls consistently have a Gain adjustment of ±5db or greater, either the gain on the gateways need adjustment or the Cisco Unity TSP registry settings should be checked (proceed to Step 2).
When only audio from Cisco Unity is at a low volume, check the TSP playback and record volume levels from the registry key on the Unity server:
Run Regedit and verify the keys in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Cisco Systems, Inc.\Cisco TSP.
The WaveDBGainPlayback and WaveDBGainRecord keys should both have the value of 0.
A clear example of when this setting can affect audio is when a gateway has a positive gain applied and the WaveDBGainRecord has a negative value. The volume level is incorrectly being adjusted at the gateway and Cisco Unity. A volume increase applied at the gateway followed by a volume decrease at the TSP could result in the same lower volume level going into Cisco Unity as that which entered the gateway.
In the same way, when a gateway has negative gain applied and WaveDBGainRecord has a negative value, any value on the WaveDBGainPlayback could be useless to adjust low volume messages played from Unity.
Finally, a negative WaveDBGainRecord value with a negative WaveDBGainPlayback value will always decrease the volume of any audio played out of Unity. Older TSP versions (pre 3.0) might retain a WaveDBGainRecord value of 5, which causes distorted volume levels on recorded messages.
Note: If the Cisco Unity version is 3.1(2) or later and AGC is active, the WaveDBGainPlayback and WaveDBGainRecord values should always be 0. As with the multiple points of volume adjustment described in the previous paragraph, if the audio volume level is already manipulated by AGC, then it is not recommended that you adjust either recording or playback volume levels in the TSP.
Check if the registry setting values for AGC are set incorrectly. The bad values are usually:
AGCsamplesize is 4e20 hex (20000 decimal) and should be 1f40 hex (8000 decimal)
AGCgainthreshold is 28 hex (40 decimal) and should be 5 hex (5 decimal)
If so, change the registry settings to the correct values, as described in the AGC Registry Keys table that can be found in the Audio Quality document.
Note: If the quality of the prompts are unacceptable when you use the G.729 codec, you can change the codec to G.711 for better audio quality.
Identify which part of the audio stream is affected by the volume change: Cisco Unity system prompt, messages left for subscribers from outside the local network deployment (analog or digital), or messages left for subscribers from other subscribers.
When only messages from callers outside of the VoIP deployment have volume levels above or below messages left by subscribers or Cisco Unity system prompts, verify gain levels on gateways that deliver this audio:
If Cisco Unity Legacy PBX integrations are present, refer to Cisco Unity-Legacy PBX Integration: Adjusting the Volume in Registry for more information.
If all messages are affected, but Cisco Unity system prompts are at an acceptable level, check the version of Unity currently running.
AGC default settings should be checked, if the Cisco Unity version is 3.1(2) or later. Refer to these documents for more information:
The Audio Quality chapter of the Cisco Unity Troubleshooting Guide (With Microsoft Exchange), Release 4.0(2)
Reducing Noise in Recorded Message on Cisco Unity 3.1.2 or 3.1.3
You should verify prompts and TSP gain levels, if the Unity version is earlier than 3.1(2). Refer to Audio Decision Tree for Cisco Unity 2.46 and 3.0x for more information.
If only some messages are affected, verify the phone load deployed for DDTs issue Cisco bug ID CSCdy27331 (registered customers only) .
See the Connectivity, Jitter, Packet Delay, and the 'Garbled Message' section of this document, if the volume level is fluctuating quickly and consistently within any message. Even though the volume is actually zero in many parts of these types of distorted messages, it can be perceived as a volume fluctuation issue.
If only some subscribers are affected by different volume levels on phone and computer playback, refer to Cisco Unity ViewMail for Outlook (VMO) Audio Volume Settings for more information.
Note: If you experience a bad quality for Music on Hold (MOH), make sure that the music audio source files comprise .wav files in one of these formats:
16-bit PCM (stereo or mono) (16k Hz or 32k Hz or 48k Hz or 8k Hz or 44.1k Hz sample rate)
8-bit CCITT g.711 a-law or mu-law (stereo or mono) (8k Hz sample rate)
Refer to these documents for more information about volume level and gain control issues:
The Configuring Gateways chapter of Cisco CallManager Administration Guide, Release 3.0(9)
The Managing Input Gain for Cisco IP Voice Applications section of the Release Notes for Cisco VG200 - Cisco IOS Release 12.1(3) T
This section describes audio connectivity distortion troubleshooting techniques.
"Garbled message" is most often reported when a message left for a Cisco Unity subscriber is either missing enough audio content to be considered unintelligible or when the packets are interleaved such that the content sounds out of order. Rather than longer specific periods of silence in the message, which might be related to volume levels (as previously noted), the garbled message might have other distortions present.
A bad network interface card on a Cisco Unity server is the source of audio distortions heard in this example: Audio Distortion Due to a Faulty Network Interface Controller (NIC).
This example is notable because of the distortion that is inserted for brief intervals at various points in the message. Not only are missing packets the cause of silence insertions, but additional signals from other audio streams—which the NIC is delivering incorrectly—are heard as "pops" throughout the message.
Notice the difference in this example, which contains distortions due to packet delay in the network: Audio Distortion Due to Packet Delay.
This example is notable for the silence insertions—during large packet delays—that are increasing throughout the message.
Audio connectivity distortions can also occur at several points in a network from a gateway receiving an external call through to the IP phone that receives a message from that caller. Use these steps to troubleshoot audio connectivity distortion issues:
Identify which audio streams are affected by the garbled audio.
Are all audio streams from Cisco Unity garbled?
When only Cisco Unity system prompts are garbled, verify the fix for garbled prompts playing from Unity through a Catalyst 6000, refer to DDTs issue Cisco bug ID CSCdx36894 (registered customers only) . The distortion associated with this defect is heard in this example: Unity Garbled Prompts Distortion.
Where all audio from Cisco Unity is garbled and phone-to-phone audio is also garbled, verify the duplex settings on the Unity NIC configuration and on the switch port to which Unity is connected. These should not be set to auto-negotiate, but rather to hard-coded values (usually 10/100 full duplex).
This eliminates the possibility that auto-negotiation of packet delivery is a cause or contributor to distortion of the audio streams.
If the distortion continues after taking the step above, check the network topology and available bandwidth to Cisco Unity. Check relevant gateways for alignment errors.
If alignment errors are found on any switch ports, and the Cisco Unity server is an HPQ DL380G2 (MCS7837, MCS7847), then the distortion could be associated with an incorrect NIC driver. These errors are typically reported as alignment errors, runt packets, or Frame Check Sequence (FCS) errors by switches. The NC-Series NIC statistics might report the errors as either Transmit Underruns or Receive Overruns. Check the N100NT.SYS driver on the Cisco Unity server. If it is version 5.30.74.001, the solution is to install an older version of the driver from: http://welcome.hp.com/country/us/en/support_task.html .
If the distortion continues or the NIC driver downgrade does not apply to the hardware, the audio stream that is entering the Cisco Unity server must be validated for any distortion per the instructions in the next step (Step 2).
Identify whether the source of distortion is internal or external to Cisco Unity.
This is a simplified description of the audio stream path from the Cisco Unity NIC to a wave file:
Incoming audio stream from the network —> NIC
NIC —> Cisco Unity's avaudio.sys
Cisco Unity's avaudio.sys —> (through Microsoft Windows wave driver) to UnityAvWav
UnityAvWav converts the stream to PCM, applies AGC, and converts the audio to the destination codec format —> temporary file created
Temporary file completed at end of recording —> wave file created and passed to the mailstore, after leading or trailing silence is trimmed
When you identify the inconsistencies in the audio stream based on the different paths it takes before it becomes a wave file delivered through email, you can isolate the source of distortion to one of these reasons:
An external source of audio distortion
A defective NIC card
A bandwidth-related distortion that impacts the wave driver logic while collecting the incoming audio stream
An objective comparison of the audio streams as they pass through the components is necessary to confirm any of these sources.
Caution: You should not use the methods in Steps 3 and 4 as general troubleshooting methods, if other steps have not been attempted. To capture audio traffic without discretion is not recommended, and it might affect the AVVID network.
Caution: You should use a maintenance window when you do Steps 3 and 4, as the actions could impact service.
Use a test phone and test subscriber to obtain the best objective measure of audio quality, unless a specified endpoint has been identified as the source of distortion.
Collect the incoming audio stream from the network to the NIC, for a comparison of external audio to audio written to the mailstore.
Span the Unity port at the network device to which Cisco Unity is connected, and collect the packets through a Sniffer. You can also use Netmon (from the Microsoft Windows 2000 Resource Kit) from any Windows 2000 server that is external to the Unity server, to collect the data going to the Unity server.
Note: It is recommended that you only run Netmon on the Cisco Unity server itself after the audio stream has been collected external to the Unity server NIC.
For packet captures, use a capture filter to take UDP packets from any source with a destination of the Cisco Unity server IP address. Save the captures from the testing time period, to compare them to the data that you will collect in the next procedure.
In order to collect the incoming audio to the Cisco Unity wave driver—Use Netmon on the Cisco Unity server to collect the data incoming UDP audio streams. After Netmon is installed, complete these steps to configure Netmon:
Copy the RtpParser.dll file to …\WINNT\system32\NETMONFull\PARSERS. This file is available in the Audio directory of the Cisco Unity \Commserver\Utilities directory.
Choose Start > Control Panels > Administrative Tools > Network Analysis Tools, to open Netmon.
Select the appropriate interface and capture only UDP traffic to Unity.
In order to collect the audio stream the wave file created (written by the Cisco Unity wave driver)—Most often, problem audio is reported from a user directly as they receive the voice mail(s) that contain distortion. If so, request these messages to help isolate the issue. For further troubleshooting, it is best to create a test subscriber account that you can access from a mail client, so that you can save the voice mail wave files to disk. If this is not possible, have the messages forwarded from this test mailbox to an outside address, to assist in the collection of the wave files. Finally, if neither of these are possibilities (where a voice-mail only system is in place, for example), this procedure allows for direct access to the wave files before they are delivered:
Stop the Microsoft Exchange Information Store service from the Exchange mailstore with which Cisco Unity is homed.
This places Cisco Unity into the Unity Message Repository (UMR) mode, where all messages sent to subscribers go first to the …\Commserver\UnityMTA directory. For more information, refer to How to Start Cisco Unity in UMR Mode.
Collect the resulting wave files from this directory after test messages are sent.
Caution: No messages are delivered on the Exchange mailstore during this time. This procedure impacts any incoming call—use only during a maintenance window.
Restart the Microsoft Exchange Information Store service after the tests are completed.
In order to compare the collected data, use the Capripper utility to convert the packet capture files into wave files (also found in the Audio directory of the \Commserver\Utilities directory in Cisco Unity version 3.1(5) and later):
Copy the capripper.exe file and the cap file to be decoded into a new directory.
Drag the .cap file containing the test audio streams onto the capripper.exe to create a series of .wav files named for the endpoints in each call, as shown in these screens:
Listen to the test calls from the packet capture and from the mailstore. If there is any difference between the stream collected from the network to the NIC and the stream collected from the NIC to the Unity wave driver, there is likely a hardware issue with the NIC.
For instance, this example—Packet Capture Encoded to a Wave File—collected from traffic to the NIC, compared with this example—Unity Message Wave File—collected from the Cisco Unity system, shows an issue with a NIC hardware failure. In this case, if the server has a dual-NIC configuration, disable the currently used NIC and enable the second NIC. If no more reports of distortion occur, the NIC is the source of the audio distortion. If the server has only one NIC available, install a PCI-NIC where possible and switch all traffic to run through this interface. If no further distortion is heard, contact Cisco Systems Technical Support to report the defective equipment.
When the previous steps show that audio that enters the Unity server and passes through the NIC is of acceptable quality, but distortions still exist in the wave file written to the drive, you must collect the audio stream with Netmon. Determine the arrival time of the packets for the audio stream. If there is more than 20ms of delay between packets, the wave driver might insert silence into the wave file as a normal operation. If packet captures show delay as the cause of multiple silence insertions, DDTs issue Cisco bug ID CSCdx41866 (registered customers only) , addressed in Cisco Unity version 3.1(5), might broaden the window for packets to be received by the wave driver. Although you can set a greater packet delay with this registry key, this indicates unacceptable delay in the network that you should investigate.
In order to investigate the delay, run the AudioStat utility (found in Cisco Unity versions 4.x and later) from the Audio directory of the \Commserver\Utilities directory. This tool displays average delays and silence insertions for each recording along with the source IP address of the device that is sending audio to Cisco Unity.
These screens show the AudioStat utility:
If any single device shows increased latency, investigate that link in the network. The AudioStat utility helps to isolate where in the topology latency is introduced.
Another frequent cause of jitter and choppy voice messages is when Voice Activity Detection (VAD) is enabled. You can overcome this when you turn off VAD if bandwidth is not an issue.
Refer to these documents for more information about audio connectivity distortion issues:
Understanding Jitter in Packet Voice Networks (Cisco IOS Platforms)
This section describes dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) recognition and voice mail responsiveness troubleshooting techniques.
DTMF recognition and voice-mail response issues that affect audio quality are most often reported as one-way audio during a call to Cisco Unity or a lack of response from the voice mail system after digit entry by the caller. The voice mail responsiveness issues can sometimes be correlated to the integration factors listed later in this section, but they most often might depend on Exchange deployment configuration as described in Cisco Unity: Delays in the Subscriber Conversation.
Silence suppression, voice activity detection (VAD), and comfort noise might also contribute to message clipping or cut off (where the system is recognizing silence as a call termination event). This section contains a list of documents to assist with configuration and troubleshooting.
Refer to these troubleshooting documents, if the Cisco Unity integration involves a legacy PBX:
If callers hear silence or delay before an opening greeting, refer to Troubleshooting Cisco Unity 16-second Delay.
If callers hear static between Cisco Unity prompts or during transfers, refer to the Comfort Noise section of the Audio Quality chapter of Cisco Unity Troubleshooting Guide, Release 3.1(3).
If callers hear an unexpected greeting or an "Invalid Entry" prompt when Cisco Unity answers, refer to Reducing Dialogic Off-Hook Delay for Unity PBX Integrations.
If callers can not log in to Cisco Unity or transfer to subscribers—DTMF tones over the analog gateway are not received by Unity—refer to Inability To Break Dialtone in a Voice over IP Network.
If callers are disconnected before leaving a message or during a transfer, refer to Cisco Unity Tone Definitions and Learn Tones.
If callers intermittently do not receive dial tone, refer to Collisions and Dial Tone Detection for Cisco Unity.
If subscribers report messages that are cut off, refer to the Dial Tone or Reorder Tone Is Present at the End of a Message section in the Messages chapter of Cisco Unity Troubleshooting Guide, Release 3.1(3).
Refer to these troubleshooting documents, if the Cisco Unity integration involves Cisco CallManager through the Cisco-Unity TSP:
If all callers hear a reorder tone calling Cisco Unity, refer to Cisco Unity Ports Lock Up After Enabling G729a Codec.
If callers hear a continuous ring tone calling Cisco Unity, refer to Cisco Unity and CallManager IP Integration: Unity Voicemail Port Not Reachable.
If callers hear one-way audio, or Message Waiting Indicator (MWI) lamps do not light, refer to Configuring and Troubleshooting Dual NICs for Cisco Unity.
If callers hear prompts but can not record messages or greetings, refer to Cisco Unity with Cisco CallManager: One-Way Audio.
If some subscribers hear a reorder tone calling Cisco Unity, and WaveOutSupportsVolume errors appear in the Event log, refer to DDTs issue Cisco bug ID CSCdv88847 (registered customers only) .
If some outside callers hear a reorder tone calling Cisco Unity, refer to Calls From the PSTN Don't Get Unity Voice Mail, but Local IP Phone Calls Work Correctly.
If calls to Cisco Unity end after thirty seconds, refer to Cisco Unity: Voice Mail Stops After 30 Seconds.
If subscribers can not log in or callers can not transfer to desired extensions, refer to Cisco Unity with CallManager Problem with DTMF.
If subscribers that use speed control press a key during message playback and are disconnected, refer to Field Notice: Cisco Unity Playback Speed Controls May Drop Callers or Lock up All Unity Ports.
For more information about DTMF recognition and voice mail responsiveness issues, refer to these documents:
White Paper: Audio Codecs and Cisco Unity (Versions 4.x and 3.1(x))
Understanding Codecs: Complexity, Hardware Support, MOS, and Negotiation
This section describes echo troubleshooting techniques.
Echo is included here as a general audio quality issue that affects AVVID deployments, which should be familiar to anyone that troubleshoots audio quality issues. It has yet to be the type of issue that could ever impact a message left on a Cisco Unity system. Echo can occur during an IP call when the distortion is generated through digital or analog gateways.
For more information on the sources of echo and troubleshooting, refer to these documents:


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Staff Sgt. Christopher Ebeling, son of Chuck and Donna Ebeling of Castle Dale, is currently deployed to Kirkuk, Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Chris is a 1997 graduate of Emery High School. He enlisted in the United States Air Force in October of 1997 in the Security Forces. After four years of law enforcement and security duties, he furthered his career and is now stationed at Peterson Air Base, located in Colorado Springs, Colo., where he is a member of the 21st Security Forces Squadron.
Chris was stationed at Lakenheath Air Force Base, England with the 48th Security Forces from April 1998 to March 2002; Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho with the 366th Security Forces from March 2002 to August 2004, where he served on deployment for Operation Enduring Freedom at Al Jaber Air Base, Kuwait; and Osan Air Base, South Korea with the 51st Security Forces from August 2006 to August 2005. He has been on many secret service missions during his time as a military working dog handler to support security for the president, vice president and senators of the United States.
As a military working dog handler stationed in Iraq, Chris and his MWD Wodan play a vital role in the protection of Kirkuk Air Base. Wodan is a 5 year old, 100 pound German Shepherd, capable of explosive detection and attack work.
Chris and Wodan work hand in hand on a daily basis. They are the first line of defense to insure the safety of all personnel that are currently deployed there. They patrol fence lines and ensure only authorized personnel and equipment enter the installation.


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Major League Baseball, the Philadelphia Phillies and the City of Philadelphia officially opened the Phillies MLB Urban Youth Academy during a special ceremony at the Academy's brand-new baseball field at Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park in South Philadelphia. The Phillies UYA will be the only existing multi-site Urban Youth Academy, with both outdoor and indoor facilities to provide free, year-round instruction to the more than 8,000 players in Philadelphia. More »
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