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The Balboa Inn is located in Balboa, the suburb situated between Panama's downtown area and the Panama Canal, right in its most quiet residential part, at the foot of Ancon Hill.
For instructions on how to get here, see the instructions in the menu on the left.
Our locations truly offers the best of both worlds. You can be downtown in just 10 minutes if you have to.
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Want to go jogging? Walk to the mini-mart? Or the dry cleaner, pizza place, pharmacy,bank… In Balboa that's a pleasant experience. Quiet, safe streets, wide sidewalks, public transport around the corner.
We're a 5-minute walk from the Panama Canal Administration building, with its beautiful murals in itself worth a visit.
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The huge Albrook mall just 5 minutes and a $ 3 taxi ride away. Next to Albrook Mall you will also find the public bus terminal for all domestic bus services. And on the other side is the airport that handles all domestic air travel. If you have an early flight to catch to San Blas or Bocas del Toro, staying the night before at the Balboa Inn will assure you'll never miss a flight.
Even better, the Amador Causeway is just a 10-minute walk away.
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From there you can see the ships entering the Panama Canal and have a great view of the Panama skyline.
Under construction at Amador right now is the "Bridge of Life Museum of Biodiversity", designed by the renowned architect Frank Gehry in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institute. Restaurants, bars, and even bicycle rental, the Balboa Inn is close to it all. Despite its central location, you are far away from the constant city background noise you'd suffer in downtown hotels. At the Balboa Inn you hear mostly birds. Lots of them!
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Plaza 5 de Mayo, Avenida Central (Panama's most typical pedestrian shopping area), and the colonial Casco Viejo neighborhood are also a 5 minute taxi ride away. From 5 de Mayo you can take buses to anywhere in the city. Avenida Central is the place to shop for bargains and to get a taste of the true Panama "ambiente". Casco Viejo takes you back in time to the Spanish colonial era with its beautiful plazas and historic buildings.
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Panama City's landmark, Cerro Ancon, is a small birders' paradise with great views over the city is right behind to the Balboa Inn. And our backyard is its portal. About 3 miles north you'll find the Miraflores locks of the Panama Canal with its new visitors center and fascinating exhibition and ships passing by every morning and afternoon.
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Across from the locks, you find the City of Knowledge (Ciudad del Saber), Panama's cluster of academic institutions, NGO's and tech companies. If you have business there, the Balboa Inn is ideal for you. The same applies for people working with the Smithsonian Institution. We are just 5 minutes away from the Tupper Building.
Really, we can't imagine a more beautiful capital city in Central American than Panama City and a better location for a B&B than Balboa. If these pictures don't convince you, we are confident you will agree when you stay with us.
Now, for those of you who like maps to find things, here's your gallery of maps. For specific directions on how to get to/from the Balboa Inn, see our section in the left column 'Getting here'.
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So title says it all. post about your day please.
Originally Posted by xioaxioa
Fisher Tiger is a punk ass bitch.
-----credit to Maximo for the kick ass ava----
You create a thread yet you somehow don't post a thing related to it?
PSP (and other handheld game console) Game Discussion / Recommendations
It was fantastic. That is all.
Forum Rules

subset: commoncrawl


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Is France's New Vanity Fair Out to Steal Carine Roitfeld's Thunder?
It depends who you talk to.By Alex Rees
It depends who you talk to.By Alex Rees
'Valentino The Last Emperor' was shortlisted for the Oscars, but not 'The September Issue.' Drama!By Amina Akhtar
This Obscure News Story, Which Should Be Huge, Shows How Trump Gets Away With Corruption
Remy Ma Drops Nicki Minaj Diss Track; Minaj Responds
Maggie Smith Went Full Dowager Countess on Ian McKellen at the Oscars
Karl Lagerfeld Calls Out Meryl Streep for Canceling Oscars Dress Order; Streep's Reps Deny It
Magician Found Dead in Closet at Hollywood's Magic Castle
Nocturnal Animals Has Two Endings, and Both of Them Are Killer
Natalie Portman Skipping Oscars Due to Pregnancy
Trump Condemns FBI Leakers for Leaking That He Asked Them to Leak
Why Did Everyone Act Like I Was Crazy When I Decided to Have a Baby in My 20s?
Scenes from the Breitbart CPAC Luau (Featuring Dog the Bounty Hunter, Among Other Luminaries)


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There is a lot of nervousness about Social Media, and for a good reason. Reputations can easily be won or lost on the basis of customer feedback posted online.
The challenge is that social media has yet to be fully embraced by customer service departments.
We recently (November 2011) ran a survey on the Call Centre Helper website and asked the question "Does your contact centre respond to complaints on social media?"
The answer was surprisingly low. Only 43% of contact centres surveyed actually replied to complaints on social media.
This means that a lot of complaints are simply being ignored – never a good strategy.
The survey also looked at who "owned" the social media channel. In almost 80% of cases the social media channel was "owned" by marketing or by a PR agency. Only 33% of companies said that social media was owned by the contact centre.
This does not bode well for providing excellent customer service.
Social media is one of those things that can be difficult to understand, but is one of those things where the more you start to use it, the more that you will start to understand it.
Social media needs not to be seen just as a negative drag on the company. It can be used in a more proactive and positive way. It can even be used to deflect calls into the company. This is particularly useful when you have service outages, bad weather etc.
For example one travel company used social media as a way to communicate with customers during the bad weather last winter. They sent out Twitter messages about the snow that were picked up by thousands of followers. These were in turn re-tweeted on to their followers. This helped keep customers in the picture and also helped reduce the level of demand on an already busy contact centre.
Another example that I came across was with BT. During the summer riots, the 999 network became overloaded and wait times started to grow. BT used Twitter to send out some messages to persuade people not to call 999 except in emergencies. The tweets were picked up by a number of followers and re-tweeted on. Luckily three of the followers were very influential (including BBC's Jeremy Vine) and the messages were relayed on to their followers. This helped to bring down the waiting time from 40 seconds to zero.
While both of these examples are for major catastrophic events, Social Media can also be used to help communicate more routine problems, such as a power cut or a billing error. These can help to bring down call volumes into the contact centre.
Social Media may also help you to tap into a big resource pool of unpaid volunteers.
You may ask why someone would work unpaid to help your company? It's odd but you may find out that it's happening for you already and you may not be aware that it exists.
There are probably a number of people out there on a support forum or on social media providing some form of support or guidance about your products and services.
This even has a name – it's called Crowdsourcing.
Funnily enough these volunteers can put in many hours of unpaid work helping your company. Attempts to offer payment for their services are often turned down - they typically prefer to remain independent of the company.
They do however, tend to crave recognition, so an invite to a VIP event, the opportunity to early review your products, or a company briefing may be useful. The key is not to try controlling them.
So where is the Return on Investment for Social Media?
Well it is certainly going to take an investment of both time and money to get more involved, but there are some returns out there. The problems is that the returns are difficult to quantify.
In the words of social media commentator, Martin Hill-Wilson "You wouldn't like to wake up in three years time and find out that there really was a Return on Investment".
It's mainly a question of dipping a toe in the water and seeing where the journey takes you.
Editor of Call Centre Helper
Jonty Pearce is Editor of Call Centre Helper, the UK's most popular call centre magazine. Jonty has been working in the call centre industry for over 20 years in a combination of consultancy and marketing roles. During his career Jonty has visited some of the most innovative contact centres in the UK. Jonty combines technical knowledge with a business consultancy background. Jonty's first degree was in Electronic Engineering from Sunderland University. He then qualified as a Chartered Engineer and obtained his post-graduate qualification from Cardiff University.
The best bits from our second successful Mic Up. Listen to our speakers tell us about their predictions for 2013. ... Read more »
Our real-time infographic provides analysis of the conversations taking place across the social Web about the Mayor of London elections ... Read more »
In the spirit of practicing what we preach, we decided to ask people via social channels to contribute their tips for social media business etiquette. ... Read more »
Empower your employees with your company's own private social network - Chatter. Discover resources and recommendations, connect quickly with people and content, and collaborate on business processes in context
The #1 social media monitoring and engagement platform.
Listen, analyze, and engage in conversations with your customers on the public social Web.


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Community Information Database
You are browsing the Subject Heading Children which contains 55 record(s)
- Community Bridges Child Development Division
Our child care programs offer a gently structured environment; each child's day moves between times of free choice of play and activities to structured activities such as group time, meals, and r... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Community Music School of Santa Cruz
Music education, both private and group lessons in performance and music appreciation, as well as information on affiliated groups. Listings for local music classes and song circles can be found on th... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- County of Santa Cruz Department of Public Works - Parks, Open Space and Cultural Services
Activities Registration: 454-7941 Swim Lessons: 454-7953 Park reservation: 454-7938 Simpkins Swim Center and Live Oak Community Center: 454-7953 Offers variety of recreation, senior and yo... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Court Appointed Special Advocates of Santa Cruz County: CASA of Santa Cruz County
Change your life and make a real difference in the life of a child in foster care CASA volunteer Advocates are everyday people, trained by CASA and then appointed by judges to advocate for the safe... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Dientes Community Dental Clinic
Monday-Thursday: 8:30am-12:30pm, 1:30pm-5pm Friday: 7:30am-12pm, 1pm-4pm Saturday: 7:30am-12pm, 1pm-4pm Dientes' bilingual, bi-cultural clinic employs only the best dental professionals, inc... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Downtown Branch Library
The Downtown Branch contains the largest collection of any branch in the library system, with over 215,000 items, and includes a California History and Genealogy Room used extensively by a number of r... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Encompass Community Services
Encompass Community Services (formerly Santa Cruz Community Counseling Center), a California 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation, has been serving Santa Cruz County since 1973. This year we served over... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- First 5 Santa Cruz County
First 5 Santa Cruz County invests in health, early learning and family support to promote the well-being of children. A growing body of scientific evidence points to the economic and societal impacts... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- First Step
Also available at 11D Alexander St., Watsonville 728-9975 x201 Provides wrap around counseling services to children with Medi-Cal. Includes individual therapy, family therapy, parenting issues, h... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]
- Foster Grandparent/Senior Companion Program
Fridays by appointment only FOSTER GRANDPARENT PROGRAM Foster Grandparents earn a tax-free stipend while serving as volunteer mentors and tutors to disadvantaged children and youth in schools, Hea... [Full Record] [Add to Personal List]


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UCL Undergraduate Preparatory Certificates (international foundation courses)
UCL Undergraduate Preparatory Certificates (foundation courses) are for international students of high academic potential who are aiming to gain access to undergraduate degree programmes at UCL (University College London) or other top UK universities, but whose education systems in their own countries do not offer qualifications suitable for direct admission. There are two undergraduate foundation courses at UCL:
- UCL Undergraduate Preparatory Certificate for the Humanities (UPCH):
The course helps students gain entry to the best undergraduate degree courses in the Arts (including Architecture), the Humanities, Social Sciences (including Economics and Law), Business and Mathematics-related programmes. UPCH students with a near native competence in English (IELTS 7.5) may study a modern European language instead of Academic English.
- UCL Undergraduate Preparatory Certificate for Science and Engineering (UPCSE):
The course helps international students gain entry to the best undergraduate degree courses in Engineering, Life Sciences, Mathematical and Physical Sciences and Medicine.
Over one academic year, the courses provide an
intensive preparation for the academic and linguistic challenges of a
top UK degree programme.
UPC key facts
- UCL is the only leading UK university featured in the world's top ten (2016/17 QS World University Rankings) to offer its own undergraduate foundation courses
- All UK universities consider the UPC for entry onto undergraduate degrees
- Taught at UCL by UCL academic staff
- UPC students are UCL students with access to all university academic, welfare, social and cultural resources
- Weekly one-to-one tutorials
- Currently 26 nationalities represented on the courses
- A dedicated Education Advisor to offer one-to-one support with undergraduate applications which are made through UCAS.


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Here are our Staff Picks for this week. We have a mixture of Art, Science and both in the same pick.
Nano Art Microscopic Art - Alex
The Resource Exchange Had an email from someone who went to Shelly's show and wanted us to know about "a non-profit that recycles materials from the local film industry and tries to put them in the hands of artists, builders, educators and anyone else who is interested. They recently opened their creative re-use center in Port Richmond and have regular hours Saturdays 10-6 and by appointment." - Diana
Kettle Pizza - taking grilled pizza to the next level. - Seth
Airless, Springy Energy Return Wheel Here is another airless tire/wheel design that uses road imperfections to increase forward momentum. - Gregg
"Invisible" Mercedes F Cell The illusion of "invisibility" with LED's covering an automobile. - Brandon


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By PATSY STODDARDStaff, Emery County Progress
To Cody Thornton the world is a place to be explored. He was born in Provo and has lived in Emery County since age 2 when the family moved to Orangeville. Thornton said, "During a semester of my senior year at Emery High I became an exchange student to Chatel-Guyon, France. It is located in the center of France. I studied French for two years in high school. Dean Nelson was my teacher. I learned a lot about their grammar and sentence structure."
Cody's mom, Debbie Thornton said, "When Cody was 7-years-old, he announced that when he got older he wanted to join the Peace Corps and also learn French. Those were his goals."
"We had an exchange student from Paris, France in our home. We are still friends with them," she said.
Cody said, "Going to France was amazing and life changing for me. It opened my eyes and made me want to travel more. I wrote of my experiences in France describing it as a difficult time, but a time of growth which empowered me and I was ready to take on the world and ready for the next step or challenge.
"I attended Boston University for four years. It is the third largest private school in the United States. I have a degree in finance with a minor in African studies. During one summer break I went to Brussels, Belgium and worked as an intern in a small newspaper and magazine store. I traveled all over Western Europe. They spoke mostly French and Flemish there. They speak a lot of English over there too. I speak three languages fairly well. French, Russian and English. One language not so well which is Zarma an African language. I also speak little bits of Hausa and Kazakh.
"During my junior year I went on an academic exchange program to Niamey, Niger. This was in 1997," said Cody.
Debbie described a picture that Cody had sent home of an African scarecrow, "It was a black scarecrow made out of dark cloth out in the field. I loved that picture."
Cody said, "In Niamey they do not have earthworms their soil is aerated by termites. Niger is the second poorest country in the world. It was really sad. I realized how wealthy we are in America. We are leaps and bounds wealthier than they are. Most people in America don't have a clue. We have the richest poor people in the world. Even our poorest are much better off than the people of Niger.
"Three weeks after my graduation I went to Kazakhstan with the Peace Corps. Kazakhstan is south of Russia in-between China and the Caspian Sea. I think it is the ninth largest country in area. I lived 20 miles north of the Caspian Sea in a town called Atyrau. The Ural River splits the continent of Europe and Asia. I lived in Asia and worked on the border of Europe. I taught college age freshmen, sophomores and juniors there in a business college. I lived in seven different places there. Four of my own apartments. They were having a housing crisis while I was there because of all the oil money.. The host school is supposed to provide housing but they couldn't afford the high prices. In my free time I wrote a lot in my journal. I sent out newsletters. I would write about 1000-1500 words a day.
"I was shocked and depressed my first year there. It was not what I had expected. The student apathy in school was really bad. It was a private institute and the kids weren't worried about being kicked out because their parents had paid for them to be there. My second year there I taught in a technical high school. I taught English and basic management and economics. This second year the high school students were more motivated. I taught them about careers in a future free market economy. Their economy was going through a change. Many of my former students have written to say they have won writing competitions and passed tests. One of my students is now in an exchange program in Ohio and two are in New Mexico.
"I was like the school outlaw at this school and the administration didn't know how to take me. My focus was not on discipline. I would engage the students in discussion. Their old way over there didn't allow students their own thoughts and ideas. They weren't allowed their own opinion. I would give oral tests. Students would ask, 'Can I use my own words?" Most instuctors wanted the students to be able to repeat back everything they had said to the students or write it exactly as they had said it on their tests. The concept of being able to answer questions with their own words was very foreign to them. I was really shocked when they asked me if they could use their own words.
"I was in Kazakhstan for two years and four months. Near the end of my time there I got a real job. I worked with the city and regional government on a project for USAID, the U.S. Agency for International Development. The focus of this project was the removal of investment constraints. The process that entrepreneurs have to go through over there is unbelievable. The paperwork alone to operate a business endeavor is 17 meters-18 yards long. If you laid it end to end. We worked to make the process easier, faster and cheaper.
"I really connected with the people over there. I liked them a lot. I lived with them and became good friends with a lot of them. It's hard to meet people because they were very suspicious at first and that was hard to breech. Some of the students at my high school had drivers that dropped them off for school they were very wealthy. These students were great kids. I envied their school in a lot of ways. These students were smart and ready to take their places in the economy as they get older.
"They have fewer cliques over there and the students are closer with each other. They don't have drug problems but there is a lot of smoking and drinking. It was a safe school. After I left Kazakhstan, I traveled in the Middle East for two weeks. I visited a friend in the United Arab Emirates. I was a little nervous after the September 11 attacks, but it helped me understand and get a view of Islam. Most people view the people of the Middle East as extremists, but there is a different side. Many of them love Americans except for a few power hungry people like Osama Bin Laden.
"The United Arab Emirates borders Saudi Arabia and the Persian/Arabian Gulf. I wanted to see what it was like and if they really hated Americans but that was not the case there nor in Kazakhstan. I felt very safe and the people were very supportive. We went on a desert safari in a land cruiser. We saw some Russians out in the desert and they were calling out to us and making snide comments in Russian. When we were leaving I spoke to them in Russian and they were pretty shocked because then they knew I understood what they had been saying. It was pretty funny. We also went boating in the gulf. It was amazing and beautiful. We also went snorkeling.
"My friend taught at an all girls university and I wanted to talk to them to see what it's like for them over there. They were open with their opinions and incredibly bright. They were well educated, wealthy, forward looking and beautiful. The women drive over there, they can serve in the military and be police officers. They can choose whether to wear traditional clothing or not. Most choose to do so but they don't have to. They enjoy nice things and some of their clothing is decorated with beautiful embroidery. I was very lucky to be able to talk to these girls. They weren't afraid. I think it was because they trusted their teacher.
"One girl did a presentation on Osama Bin Laden while I was there. She said she was neither for nor against Bin Laden but described him as being, 'a man who does what he says he is going to do.'
"I also visited France and Denmark and traveled home in November. Flying home was an experience. I had to explain a lot of things and they were very cautious at the airports. I had been in Central Asia and the Middle East, traveled to France and then on to JFK airport and I had two passports; my regular one and my Peace Corps one. I think the air warden flew with me on the flight from JFK because I had such a suspicious itinerary.
"I spent November relaxing a bit at home reading and writing and traveling with friends. I took some friends of mine from Kazakhstan to the national parks. I had the opportunity with a friend of mine from the Peace Corps who now lives in Iowa to go to the Olympics and watch the Kazakhstani women's hockey team play. They didn't win but they scored a goal.
"We were their biggest fans. We created costumes and made hats to look like their flag and went to the game. We cheered loudly and were crazy. I wrote a sign for them in their own language and held it up. The Kazakhstani officials were waving us over because they wanted to talk to us. We talked to a security guard and he took us over to them. I talked to them in their own language and of course, they were amazed. They gave us T-shirts. We had the whole section yelling, 'Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan.'
Kazakhstan is mostly made up of Kazakhs, (an Asian ethnic group) and a Russian ethnic group. They even gave us an official team scarf. They were very happy and very nice.
"One sign that a guy in the crowd made started with a K then he crossed that out, then he wrote KZA and he crossed that out and finally he wrote Go Blue Team. It was funny. One of the officials at the Peaks arena asked me how we knew them and I told him we were Peace Corps volunteers and I had been in their country the last two years. He gave us a red ball that got us into the medals plaza and the concert to the Barenaked Ladies. I'm not sure where they got that name because they are two ugly Canadian guys. But, it was a great concert. It was a great day. It was amazing and incredibly fun.
"We went skiing the next day and someone skied over my ski and my knee twisted and popped, so I went to the hockey game the next day on crutches. But that wasn't too bad because then we sat in the handicapped section on folding chairs close to the floor. The Kazakhstani hockey team was unsponsored so one of the hospitals in the area had a fund raiser for them.
"Traveling has been a growing experience and a challenge for me. I plan on finishing school and getting a master's in business administration. I see myself down the road in a consulting position on an international scale. I want to help stimulate business and improve the global economy and see the world while doing that," said Thornton.


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Virgin Blue In Townsville Terminal Talks20/03/2002
Virgin Blue announced today that it has agreed with Townsville Airport to work with other members of the community and other airlines towards a review of airport expansion plans and associated charges.
Virgin Blue Head of Commercial David Huttner, said, We think this is a great opportunity to ensure that the community gets the facility they need and want, while allowing Virgin Blue to continue offering great low fares, allowing the airport to maintain a reasonable level of profitability and ensuring Virgin Blue does not need to reduce frequencies on this key regional route.
Meetings will be held over the next few weeks between Virgin Blue and Townsville Airport authorities to find an airport upgrade plan that suits all parties.
David Huttner added, We thank Townsville Enterprises, the Airport authorities, Mayor Tony Mooney and other key community members who are working with Virgin Blue to find a win-win solution.
In recognition of the tremendous enthusiasm Virgin Blue has had from the community asking Virgin Blue for its continued support of Townsville, the airline will offer a special $99* sale fare to keep the aircraft full and to allow more people to travel to and from Townsville during the post-Easter lull.
Virgin Blue's position as Australia's only low fare airline and its commitment to the low cost model ensures the airline is in a position to offer these one-off fares wherever feasible, to provide extra-affordable air travel for those who would otherwise not be able to fly or fly often.
The $99* fare between Townsville and Brisbane is on sale now and is available on selected flights for travel from April 8 to May 30.
The Virgin Blue team is also committed to reviewing its schedule in coming months to determine any opportunity to optimise the movement of aircraft, to ensure that Townsville gets a product in the future that better meets the needs of the crucial business community.


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Flip-it™ Straw Top
9+ Months
The Flip-it™ Straw Top, with its colourful two-in-one cup design, features a new soft sipper straw which is gentle to child's tender gums and emerging teeth. The soft sipper straw is covered by an easy-to-use flip top cap. This uniquely designed feature protects the sipper straw from contamination when not in use. When child is ready to use the cup, the top cap simply "flips" back and rests in the lid of the cup. Liquids pass through straw only when your child sips. The Leak Resistant Cup dispenses a variety of liquids, ranging in consistency from fruit juices, to milk and water. It's great for travel and short trips!
Includes: 1 Flip-it™ cap and 1 Replacement Straw Set
Colours may vary


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All about Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
Skin, the largest organ in the body, serves numerous functions. The most obvious function of skin is serving as a barrier between the outside world and internal organs. Over the course of years of exposure, skin is exposed to numerous potential carcinogens, or cancer causing agents, most importantly the sun and its damaging ultraviolet rays.
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed each year. The incidence of skin cancers exceeds that of all other cancers, and it is estimated that nearly half of cancers diagnosed every year will be skin cancers. Moreover, it is estimated that nearly half of the general population that lives to age 65 will be diagnosed with a skin cancer in their lifetime. Over the past decade, the incidence of skin cancers has increased dramatically. In fact, the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer has risen more than 70% since the early 1990's. The median age at diagnosis for non-melanoma skin cancers is 68 years old, with men being 4 times more likely to be diagnosed with skin cancer. With this increasing rate of diagnosis, the average age of patients at diagnosis has continued to decline, with more young females being diagnosed every year. While more than 2 million skin cancers will be diagnosed in the United States in 2010, the mortality rate of non-melanoma skin cancers is around 0.3%, translating to only 2000 deaths per year. Most non-melanoma skin cancers will be diagnosed on areas of the body with excess exposure to the sun. Although these cancers can be locally progressive, they rarely metastasize or spread to other parts of the body. Because of early detection and the decreased metastatic potential, non-melanoma skin cancer is often effectively treated and cured with only local treatment.
What are the risk factors for developing skin cancer?
Risk factors for developing non-melanoma skin cancers are numerous, including fair complexion, occupational exposures to radium and arsenic, personal history of atypical moles, skin cancers, family history of skin cancers, smoking tobacco, immunosuppression from medications and HIV, chronic non-healing wounds and previous burns (Marjolin's ulcers), genetic syndromes such as basal cell nevus syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum, and HPV; however, the most common risk factor for development of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The vast majority (90%) of skin cancers will occur in individuals with no risk factors other than excess sun exposure.
Ultraviolet radiation from both sun exposure and tanning salons damage the epidermis and the DNA in the cells found throughout the skin. This damage continues to occur with repeated exposure, eventually leading to mutations that accumulate to cause cancerous cells. It has been shown that severe sunburns are particularly damaging when they occur in children. Childhood sun exposure is the strongest correlate with the development of basal cell carcinomas, while sun damage in the decade preceding diagnosis is closely correlated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas.
Can skin cancers be prevented?
The most effective treatment for skin cancers is prevention. The easiest approach to preventing skin cancer is the avoidance of exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun and tanning salons. General recommendations from the American Cancer Society include avoiding prolonged, unprotected exposure to the sun between 10 A.M. and 4 P.M, as damaging UV exposure is greatest between these times. Further recommendations include wearing a long-sleeve shirt and hat when outside, wearing sunscreen and re-applying often, and limiting swimming activities to mornings and evenings when the sun is not at its hottest. Wearing sunscreen is crucial in prevention of skin cancers. Sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or greater should be worn everyday, even in the winter, on any uncovered surface, including our lips. Consistent use of sunscreen has even shown the ability to reduce further skin damage in people with a history of extensive sun exposure. These recommendations, while important for all people, are particularly vital for those with fair skin, light eyes, and red hair. Finally, and most importantly, teaching children the proper ways of avoiding sunburns is crucial for protecting their skin and promoting healthy skin habits in the future.
As we age, our years of sun exposure increase, and therefore the risk of skin cancer increases. Because of this increasing risk of cancer with age, it is crucial to examine our own skin regularly and to notice changes early. Be aware of the shapes and coloring of any freckles and moles you have. Skin cancer often develops from an existing lesion, causing its appearance to change. Examine your skin routinely in a mirror, including your back, face, lips, hands, forearms, and scalp. Furthermore, it is recommended that you follow up with your physician regularly. Early diagnosis is crucial in achieving the most appropriate treatment. Because skin cancers are related to exposures, people who have previously developed skin cancers are at much higher risk for future skin cancers, either in the primary (original) site or somewhere else on the body. Because of this, a complete skin exam should be performed by a healthcare provider at regularly scheduled visits.
What are the types of non-melanoma skin cancer?
Three primary types of skin cancers - basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma - account for most skin cancers. BCC accounts for 65% of all skin cancers, SCC accounts for 35%, and melanoma accounts for 1.5%.
This discussion will focus on basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers derive their name from the cells in which they originate. Both types of cells, basal and squamous, are located within the epidermis, or the outer layer of our skin. Pre-malignant lesions generally precede the development of non-melanoma skin cancers.
Actinic keratosis, which is a precancerous dry, scaly lesion, and carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) are typically located in areas of significant sun damage and often possess the potential to become malignant basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas. These lesions initially develop into dysplasia, or atypical cells. Approximately 10% of actinic keratoses will develop into invasive cancer.
Bowen's disease is an intraepithelial hyperplasia that is confined to the skin surface, also known as carcinoma-in-situ. As the dysplasia progresses into cancer, the tumor cells become invasive and destroy the basement membrane to invade deeper. Other less common types of skin cancers that are not discussed here include Kaposi's sarcoma and Merkel cell carcinoma.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
BCC are commonly diagnosed in middle-aged and elderly individuals in skin that has been constantly exposed to the sun's harmful rays for years. In patients with a history of skin cancer, nearly one-third of BCC arise in areas of actinic keratosis. Actinic keratosis is a precancerous lesion that develops in areas of repeated sun-damage.
BCC typically presents as a small pearly or crusty patch that fails to heal. Because they are painless and typically develop slowly, they are often present for months to years before they are brought to the attention of the healthcare provider. Often, BCC can be identified by blood vessels that are prominent within the bump. As the lesions grow, crusting and bleeding ulcers that will not heal are frequently the reason individuals present to their doctor. The lesions are most often identified on the face, with more than 70% of BCC diagnosed on the lips, cheeks, ears, nose, and scalp. Other regions of the body commonly diagnosed with BCC include the back of the neck, the shoulders, the forearms and hands, the back, and lower legs.
Although the lesions are slow-growing and rarely develop the ability to spread to lymphatics or other parts of the body, the lesions can progress locally, leading to destruction of nearby structures which can be disfiguring. Lesions are frequently neglected because of their slow growth. As the BCC grows, it may invade adjacent areas, including blood vessels, cartilage, and bone. Risk factors for recurrence after treatment of basal cell carcinomas include depth of invasion, pathologic sub-type, and perineural invasion.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Like BCC, SCC is commonly diagnosed in middle-aged and elderly individuals in skin with chronic sun exposure. SCC is a malignant skin tumor, which arises in the epidermis. They typically present in areas of hyperkeratosis (thickening of the outer skin layer) and approximately 65% arise from actinic keratosis. The most common location of squamous cell carcinomas is the face. Other areas at high risk include the back, shoulders, forearms and hands, and lower legs.
The appearance of squamous cell carcinoma is typically a small, painless, elevated and crusty lump. As the lesions grow, they can become an ulceration and may bleed. SCCs tend to develop more rapidly than BCCs, and unlike BCC, SCC can spread to the local lymphatic system. Risk factors for lymph node involvement include tumors > 3 cm, poorly differentiated pathology, recurrent tumors, and tumors with > 4 mm depth of invasion. They can also be rather aggressive locally, causing significant damage and disfiguration to local structures. Risk factors for recurrence after treatment of squamous cell carcinomas include perineural invasion, tumor thickness, and poorly differentiated histology.
Staging of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
When non-melanoma skin cancer is suspected, a biopsy is frequently performed to establish the diagnosis. This biopsy removes the lesion and the layers beneath it, allowing the depth of the lesion to be accurately determined. The depth of the lesion determines prognosis and treatment, so it is important for this to be accurate. This depth is described by Clark's level, which describes depth of invasion by the tissue it invades (levels I-V). Clark's Level I involves the epidermis only (outermost level). Clark's Level II involves the epidermis and the layer of skin immediately below, the papillary dermis. Clark's Level III goes one layer deeper into the reticular dermis. Clark's Level IV involves the deep dermis. Clark's Level V invades beyond the skin layers into the subcutaneous fat. Clark's level is an indication of the depth of penetration only, not the stage of disease.
Non-melanoma skin cancer is most commonly staged using the TNM staging system, which is determined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition (2010) The "T stage" represents the extent of the primary tumor itself. The "N stage" represents the degree of involvement of the lymph nodes. The "M stage" represents whether or not there is spread of the cancer to distant parts of the body. These are scored as follows:
T Stage
- Tis: Carcinoma in situ. Abnormal cells are found in the epidermis, or the most superficial layer of skin.
- T1: Tumor is <2 cm in its greatest dimension or less than 2 high-risk features.
- T2: Tumor is >2 cm or has greater than 2 high-risk features.
- T3: Tumor has spread locally to involve bones including the maxilla, mandible orbit, or temporal bone (bones of the face and skull).
- T4: Tumor has spread locally to involve skeletal bones or involves large nerves (perineural invasion) within the skull.
High Risk Features
- Tumor is thicker than 2 mm.
- The tumor is described as Clark level IV or level V.
- The tumor involves small local nerves (perineural invasion)
- The tumor is found on the lip or ear
- Poorly differentiated histology
Nodal Stage
- N0: No lymph node involvement
- N1: Tumor has spread to 1 lymph node on the same side and that lymph node is < 3 cm in its greatest dimension
- N2: Tumor in multiple lymph nodes on either side but < 6 cm
- N3: Tumor in a lymph node > 6 cm
M Stage
- M0: No evidence of distant spread of the cancer
- M1: Evidence of distant spread of the cancer to other organ
The staging can be further condensed into a stage group, which takes the various combinations of TNM and places them into groups designated stages 0-IV.
- Stage 0: Carcinoma in situ.
- Stage I: T1 N0 (Tumor is <2 cm)
- Stage II: T2 N0 (Tumor is >2 cm)
- Stage III: T1-3 N1-2 (Tumor has spread locally to involve bones or the cancer involves one lymph node less than 6 cm).
- Stage IV: Tumor involves skeletal bones, perineural invasion at the skull, lymph nodes that are greater than 6 cm, or has spread to a distant part of the body.
Although this system of cancer staging is quite complicated, it is designed to help physicians describe the extent of the cancer, and therefore, helps to direct what type of treatment is given.
Treatment of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer
The treatment of SCC and BCC is dependent on location of the tumor, the age of the individual at diagnosis, the extent of disease, and whether the area has been treated before. Non-melanoma skin cancers are generally addressed with local treatments, including surgery, cryotherapy, and radiation. When lesions are discovered and thought to be suspicious, they are frequently biopsied to ensure they are not a more aggressive type of skin cancer. For lesions that are small and not locally progressive, the treatment options are numerous and include Moh's surgery, excisional surgery, cryotherapy, curettage and electrodessication, photodynamic therapy, topical chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Let's review these treatment options.
Cryotherapy: This type of treatment involves freezing off the lesions with liquid nitrogen. Cryotherapy is best for very small, well-defined superficial BCC and well-demarcated SCC. It is frequently used in patients that are not ideal surgical candidates.
Excisional surgery: This traditional simple surgical resection involves numbing the area with local anesthesia and removing the entire area of concern with a border or margin of healthy tissue, generally 3-10 mm. The skin is then closed with sutures (stitches) and the tissue is sent to a laboratory for a pathologist to ensure all the cancer has been removed. The recurrence rate for tumors greater than 1.5 cm is about 10% at 5 years. If the tumor is greater than 3 cm, the recurrence rate can be more than 20% at 5 years.
Curettage and electrodessication: The type of therapy is the most common method for treating BCC. The treatment involves local anesthesia followed by removal of the tumor by curettage (scraping). The abnormality is scooped out with a curette until normal skin is appreciated. The entire area is then treated with an electrical current to stop any bleeding. The difficulty with curettage is found in evaluating the margins (edges) and depth of the tumor. Similar to cryotherapy, this technique is best for very small, well-defined superficial BCC and well-demarcated SCC. Tumors less than 0.5 cm have a 15% recurrence rate. With tumors > 3 cm, recurrence rates can approach 50% in some patient populations.
Moh's surgery is a procedure often performed by a dermatologist or a trained specialist in the office under local anesthesia. With Moh's surgery, very precise surgery is performed with attempts to remove the least amount of tissue while the margins, or edges, of the resection are examined under a microscope immediately to ensure all of the cancer is removed. While other types of resection can have recurrence rates as high as 50%, Moh's cure rates have been documented higher than 90%. This type of surgery is also very useful in traditionally difficult areas, including the face. Indications for Moh's surgery include large lesions where cosmesis can be difficult and maximum skin preservation is crucial.
Radiation therapy , which involves the use of non-invasive, painless, highly focused beams of ionizing energy, is often used when lesions are in locations that are not easily addressed with surgery, such as eyelids, lips, the nose, or ears. Radiation therapy involves daily treatments for several weeks. Radiation is used in the primary treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers, achieving local control nearing 90%. Radiation is more frequently used for skin cancers in the head and neck region as it offers improved cosmetic outcomes. The effectiveness of radiation as a primary treatment is related to tumor size, with smaller tumors generally responding better. As late skin effects from radiation are a concern, radiation is generally reserved for older patients. Radiation therapy can also be used in conjunction with surgery when tumors are considered high risk or have positive margins as well as with recurrent tumors.
Topical medications and chemotherapies: Topical medications are occasionally used to treat BCC. 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a type of chemotherapy often used intravenously for other types of cancer; however, it is also approved for topical use for basal cell carcinomas. The 5-FU cream is applied to the area twice daily for several weeks. Imiquimod is also an approved topical medication for BCC. This cream, which is thought to work by stimulating the immune system, is applied to the tumor five times a week for 6 weeks. This type of therapy is reserved for pre-malignant and very superficial lesions.
For locally advanced lesions that involve invasion into adjacent areas, the treatments are typically more aggressive. Frequently, the surgery will involve reconstruction if a large amount of tissue will be removed. When reconstruction must occur, a skin graft or muscle is often used to aid healing and reach an acceptable cosmetic outcome. Radiation therapy will be used in addition to surgery to improve local control for lesions that are large and / or total resections are not possible. When tumors recur at the primary (original) site, treatment becomes more complex and is often referred to specialists. The majority of recurrences occur within the first few years following diagnosis. When possible, surgery to achieve negative margins is the best option. However, as lesions often occur on the face near important structures such as the nose, lips, ears, and eyes, radiation is often used when surgery would results in disfigurement.
When draining lymph nodes are suspected, particularly with SCC, the lymph nodes should be removed as one lump of tissue to be examined microscopically.
Follow up Testing
Patients with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer have been documented to have up to a 40% chance of developing a second skin cancer in the three years following their original diagnosis. Therefore, all patients require close follow-up. Patients with BCC should be evaluated with a complete skin exam every 6 months for life. Patients with localized SCC should be evaluated with a complete skin exam every 3 to 6 months for the first 2 years after diagnosis, then every 6 to 12 months for 3 years, and then annually.
Patients with regional SCC (involving the lymph nodes) should be followed more closely and be seen by a healthcare provider every 1 to 3 months for 1 year, then 2 to 4 months for the next year, then 4 to 6 months for years 3-5, then every 6 to 12 months for life.
This article is meant to give you a better understanding of non-melanoma skin cancer. Use this knowledge when meeting with your healthcare provider, making treatment decisions, and continuing your search for information.
Skin Cancer Treatment from the National Cancer Institute.
American Academy of Dermatology.
Alam, M. &Ratner, D. Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344:975-983.
American Cancer Society. Skin Cancer: Basal and Squamous Cell. www.americancancersociety.com
DeVita, VT, Lawrence, TS, Rosenberg SA, Weinberg, RA, DePinho, RA. Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2008).
Haffty, BG, Wilson, LD. Handbook of Radiation Oncology: Basic Principles and Clinical Protocols. Jones and Bartlett Publishers (2008).
Hansen, EK & Roach, M. Handbook of Evidence-Based Radiation Oncology. Springer (2010).
Martinez, JC & Clark CC. The Management of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Review for the Primary Care Physician. Mayo Clinic Proceedings December 2001 vol. 76 no. 12 1253-1265
Neville JA, Welch, E, & Leffell, DJ. Management of nonmelanoma skin cancer in 2007. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology (2007) 4, 462-469
Preston, D & Stern RS. Nonmelanoma Cancers of the Skin. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:1649-1662.


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- DescriptionThe Making of the Modern Law: Legal Treatises, 1800-1926 includes over 20,000 analytical, theoretical and practical works on American and British Law. It includes the writings of major legal theorists, including Sir Edward Coke, Sir William Blackstone, James Fitzjames Stephen, Frederic William Maitland, John Marshall, Joseph Story, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and Roscoe Pound, among others. Legal Treatises includes casebooks, local practice manuals, form books, works for lay readers, pamphlets, letters, speeches and other works of the most influential writers of their time. It is of great value to researchers of domestic and international law, government and politics, legal history, business and ecomics, crimilogy and much more.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++Harvard Law School Libraryocm23159287Also published as part of the author's Selections from the laws of England. Includes index.London: J. and W.T. Clarke, 1824. vii, 137, [7] p.: forms; 24 cm.
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The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. Scientists do know that in most people with type 1 diabetes the body's own immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria and viruses — mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing (islet) cells in the pancreas. Genetics may play a role in this process, and exposure to certain viruses may trigger the disease.
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I'm liking my rebel, but I've never tried the Fuse, so can't compare.
Need to get my hands on an Edge, but they're so damned expensive! Worried about investing that much in a kite before being able to try it.


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New Tea
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Aug 24th, '05, 11:40
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That may be good, if it were better than the raspberry flavored black. I can only stomach that one cold. Warm it is just too off for me.
Last edited by LavenderPekoe on Nov 8th, '05, 14:02, edited 1 time in total.
if you have such an urge for a fruity tea just put fresh fruit into some tea, its worked fairly well for me. gives you a world of control too. i personally am not a huge fan of ginger, but my mom prefers it when i put freshly sliced ginger with irish breakfast as opposed to the ginger flavored tea. i also mashed 20 blueberries and a teaspoon of sugar to put it in a pot of dragonwell. my cousin loves sweet things like that and i think it turned out pretty well. I also used fresh fruit to enhance the visual appeal of the herbal infusions. i put a couple slices of fresh strawberries at the bottom of my guests' cups of "strawberry patch" infusions to let them know what theyre drinking (not a very original idea but still fun). the cool part was that the strawberries initially sink, but then they slowly loose their color and begin to float. anyone whos had this particular infusion before knows how wonderful the color is, but the fresh strawberry slices were the icing on the cake.


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comfy but slippery on carpet
"I found them to be hard to walk on when walking on carpet, but they were fine on surfaces such as tile. I'm going to follow the advice of other reviewers and stick some extra traction on the bottom and I'm sure they'll be fine."
By: Emeralds4Ever
Location: Suffolk, VA
May 08, 2013
Just the right height and sparkle!
"True to size. I wear a 9 and ordered a 9. roomy and comfortable. I added a very small slip resistant tape on the bottom because the carpet felt slippery. Once I get these babies out in the street that issue will be resolved. It sparkles just in the right places. Heel height not to low but with some height. VERY comfortable."
By: Metalli79
Location: Brooklyn, NY
March 31, 2013
"Shoes fit perfect and are comfortable. Only downside is they are very slippery but a shoe grip will hopefully fix that. Have not worn them out yet but feel like they will hold up well."
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Thought Leadership Video Series
Eshuis America Leverages HP for Digital Label Printing (Español)
Published on November 3, 2014
Alejandro España , Gerente de Desarrollo de Negocios de Eshuis Latina , habla sobre el negocio y cómo se aprovechan de impresión digital de HP para las grandes campañas de la etiqueta.
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Spoiler!It's a wonder Jiraiya didn't leave the leaf for Hidan's village of pervy paradise... The village hidden in the hotsprings!
72 hours of hell!
Gaara is technically a former jinjurrichi (sp), so it might make a little sense to leave him out of any fight against the former hosts unless its more support based.. otherwise Naruto and Bee against the former hosts makes sense. Plus with the training Bee is giving Naruto, I doubt it would take more than the 2 of them against the 6 dead former hosts.
Another possibility for someone for Dan to fight would be either Sakura (as it was Tsunade and Dan's idea to add med nin to squads) or perhaps Konohamaru (more as Kono is direct lineage to the 3rd)
Artifice, I like your first fight..
Nano, Gaara's dad wasn't the one with Iron Sand. It was the 3rd Kazekage (the one before gaara's dad. Gaara is the 5th Kazekage).
Itachi/kakashi definitely has possibilities with Kakashi's MS.
Any kind of Sasuke/Kabuchimaru or Naruto and Sasuke/Madara fight might have to wait for the VotE2 fight to conclude and Naruto to knock some sense into Sasuke to happen
come fight my brute here
He while the idea of this thread makes good sense there is something I wanted to point out that might have been lost due to the nature of doing match ups.
Too put it simply I dont think the Edo summons are going to be running solo as they can easily be ganged up on and defeated. Instead much like the setup Akatsuki members had they are going to operate in teams and I'm more curious how those teams are going to be setup. We know Zabuza and Haku will work together but imagine if they add Kimimaru to their cell . Hell I always wanted to see Sasuke, Kimimaru and Haku work together now at least its a possibility even though unlikely.
Fire type
What chakra type are you?
it's clear and obvious.
Deidara vs Sai. It's going to be an ART battle.


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AJW's Taproom Contest Submissions
October 27, 2011 by Bryon Powell · 31 Comments
We here at iRunFar wanted to take a minute to thank everyone who submitted logo designs in the AJW's Taproom logo design contest. Here are the entries. Let us know which are your favorites.
We'll be announcing the winner tomorrow. AJW's already made his official pick, so we'll recognize each entrant below.


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About to cook dinner!
I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas
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Merry Christmas to all...
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Just having a cuppa..
Merry Christmas to all...
I'm going to make a cup of coffee and get back to cleaning house.
Just got back from the food store. Still have last minute fresh items to pick up on Monday!
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A Christmas Carol - Charles Dickens (1843)


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50+: Live Better, Longer
Poor Self-Rated Health Linked to Dementia
Oct. 5, 2011 -- Think you're unhealthy? You could be right, and your brain may be trying to tell you something.
A new study shows that people aged 65 and over who rated their own health as poor were 70% more likely to develop dementia than those who felt they were in good health.
Researchers say the results suggest that poor self-reported health without any clear medical explanation may be an early warning sign of dementia.
"People don't yet complain of memory troubles, but still they have a feeling that something is happening in their brain or their bodies that is not right," says researcher Christophe Tzourio, MD, PhD, a professor at the University of Bordeaux 2 in France.
Dementia occurs when there is loss of memory and other mental functions such as reasoning and decision making. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.
"We do know that the biological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease are actually occurring 10, 15, and maybe even as much as 20 years before an individual has some of the cognitive or memory issues," says Heather Snyder, PhD, senior associate director of medical and scientific relations at the Alzheimer's Association.
"It could be these individuals are noticing changes in their memory or thinking and reasoning ability in those early stages but it's not enough to be picked up in clinical diagnosis," she says.
Rating Your Own Health
Researchers say previous studies have already shown that people who rate their own health as poor are more likely to die or develop a disease than those who consider themselves healthy. But few studies have looked at the implications of poor self-rated health on the risk of dementia.
In the study, researchers followed a group of 8,169 people in France aged 65 and over for an average of about seven years. The participants were asked to rate their own health at the start of the study and then were screened for dementia at the end of the study.
The people in the study were not in a hospital or living in other types of institutions.


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Skip to comments.The Legenday White-Skinned Cloud People Of Peru
Posted on 02/11/2012 11:44:55 AM PST by blam
The Legenday White-Skinned Cloud People Of Peru
Village of the Cloud People
Archeologists have discovered a 12-acre lost city deep within the Amazon rain forest that may shed light on a long-lost tribe of white-skinned, blonde-haired people known as the Cloud People.
The Cloud People, also known in legend as the white warriors of the clouds established expansive kingdom located in the northern regions of the Andes in present-day Peru during the ninth century. Bordered by the Maranon and Utcubamba rivers, in the zone of Bagua, their civilzation extended up to the basin of the Abiseo river, and to the very edges of Perus northern Amazon jungle. The Cloud People were defeated by the Incas but later conquered them by aligning with the Spanish Conquistadors. Unfortunately, diseases brought to the New World by their allies eventually wiped the Cloud People out.
Past archeological discoveries were so heavily looted that little was left to learn about the Cloud People, who are referred to as Chachapoyas in Inca legends. Other pre-hispanic groups referred to the Cloud People as White Gods due to their height, blonde hair and blue eyes.
The spanish conqueror Pedro Cieza de Leon wrote they wore woolen clothing and wollen turbans, and described them as the whitest and most handsome of all the people that I have seen, and their wives were so beautiful that because of their gentleness, many of them deserved to be the Incas wives and to also be taken to the Sun Temple. He also noted the Cloud People were significantly taller than the Spaniards, indicating they were Nordic and not Mediteranian. Another Spanish conqueror, Orellana, wrote similar descriptions. Verification of the Cloud Peoples racial makeup came two years ago, when archaeologists found an underground burial vault inside a cave with five mummies, two intact with skin and hair.
According to Inca legend, the Chachapoyas remembered that their ancestors came from the East. The Amazon river is on the East and far east is the Atlantic Ocean. Archeologists have discovered paintings and drawings of large ships on the buildings of the Chachapoyas, indicating that they possibly traveled from Europe to South America by sea, passing through the Amazon river flows until they reached a more tolerable climate, away from the unbearable tropical heat of the Amazon jungle.
The Cloud People are probably best known for the Kuellap fortress on the top of a mountain in Utcubamba, which can only be compared in scale to the Incas Machu Picchu retreat, built hundreds of years later.
The newly-discovered fortress is tucked away in one of the most far-flung areas of the Amazon. Sitting at the edge of a chasm which may have been used as a lookout post, it was extremely isolated and very well-preserved.
The main encampment is made up of circular stone houses overgrown by jungle over 12 acres, according to archaeologist Benedict Goicochea Perez.
Rock paintings cover some of the fortifications and next to the dwellings are platforms believed to have been used to grind seeds and plants for food and medicine.
Ancient City Discovered Deep In Amazonian Rainforest Linked To The Legendary White-Skinned Cloud People Of Peru
A previous posting on the subject:
Kuelap - The Machu Picchu Of Northern Peru (Chachapoyas - White, blonde haired people)
Legenday? Sequel to I Am Legend?
I invite each of you to speculate as to who are these people. I'll start:
* King Solomon's exiled miners. (They were forgotten there when ancient Israel fell into turmoil)
I would guess they were lost Vikings that made it a little too far south, and never bothered returning.
Have DNA analysis of their origins been able to be done?
LOL. It was this earlier article posted By SunkenCiv that inspired me to post this article.
In the 1500's, the conquistador Pizarro described the Incan rulers as "corn blond" and "whiter than the people of spain". Interesting indeed!
So...can Norway demand restitution from Mexico for the slaughter of her people?
Verification of the Cloud Peoples racial makeup came two years ago, when archaeologists found an underground burial vault inside a cave with five mummies, two intact with skin and hair.
Heck no, are you crazy?
They were white people.
They were in Peru by the way.
I'm thinking this is "O rel lana" which clearly means (in Welsh or Breton) "From Lana rel" ~ odds are good he was as tall and blue eyed as any other Northern European.
Recall from your French history that much of Brittany was conquered by the Normans back in Viking times.
Of course the Bretons were already pretty much more like the Northern Europeans (Irish, Scots, Welsh, Cornish, Manx, etc.) than Souvrners or North Africans. They used to go down to Spain during the Reconquista and vie for fame and fortune.
I'd be careful with the translations that give you a Heavy Mounted Knight as being anything other than a blue eyed blond (or redhead with green eyes) and shorter than an Indian except for a Mohican or Mohawk back in the 1500s.
Not all Spaniards in that time looked all that Spanish!
That "Lana Rel" part, would be "wool kingdom", "sheep country" ~ maybe even something in Basque, but I don't have a basque translator handy.
Another translation: They are the whitest and most handsome of all the people that I have seen in the Indies, and their wives were so beautiful that because of their gentleness, many of them deserved to be the Incas' wives and to also be taken to the Sun Temple.
That puts a different complexion on the Chachapoyas. For Indians they were light-skinned, but they weren't necessarily so by European standards.
lost tribes of israel?
Oh, and that Spanish was filled with all sorts of unassimilated words ~ from French, Breton, English, Arabic, Berber, Basque ~ and Italian. That was one of the reasons for the establishment of the SpanishAademy ~ to make the language standardized, and to regularize Spanish spelling conventions.
Contrary to erroneous assertions, no early Spanish accounts describe the Chachapoyas as "blond haired" or "blue eyed". The oft-quoted Cieza de Leon merely records that they were the "whitest" in coloration he had seen. There is no indication of "racial" connotations in this description - another early Spanish source, Pedro Pizarro, describes all the Indians of Peru as "white". Hair and eye color are not mentioned. Thus the supposedly "enduring mystery for scholars of the region as to their ultimate origin" is a modern slant based on a misunderstanding of the sources, and seems largely driven by a desire to find a trans-Atlantic origin for the Chachapoyas.
All that seems to be indicated by Cieza de Leon is that the Chachapoyas were among the lightest in skin color, of the Andean natives the Spanish contacted. Inge Schjellerup's book Incas and Spaniards in the Conquest of the Chachapoyas (1997) refers to anthropological examinations of the physical remains of Chachapoyans. There is no reason from these to conclude that the Chachapoyas had any exotic origins different from other ancient Peruvians. For instance, the teeth show an almost complete absence of Carabelli's cusp on the upper molars, while shovel-shaped upper incisors are universally present - in both of these the Chachapoyas resemble other Amerindians, and differ from "white" Europeans.
When did they start storing people on the cloud?
Your question is right on. But I bet it is not going to be answered because it is a bunch of hogwash.
Its like the many blond San Blas Indians here in Panama. No one bothered/bothers to come here and look into their rapidly shifty quivering blue eyes aside from other physical features. They would find they are albinos. The San Blas Indians have lived on islands off the coast of Panama for a zillion years and do not like intruders.
These albinos are caused by interbreeding and nothing else no outside Euro influence.
The Incan legends speak of an ancient white people that came from the north that they destroyed.
Here's some older mayan glyphs that gives one pause.
Mmmmm, Mayans, the other white meat...
How about hair and skin samples from live indians?
It's no longer about finds...they are everywhere...it's about controversial guesses so that money keeps on coming!!
"Are you kidding?? Of course they want DNA and they'll go for it......as soon as the bazillion dollars in grant money arrives."
LOL!!! twice..
You are so correct!!!!
"I invite each of you to speculate as to who are these people."
I'll have a shot at it.
They were Freepers. After time travel is discovered a band of Freepers from the future travels back in time to start their own Free Republic.
Things were going well until a "moderate" faction arose, led by a descendant of Romney. They increased spending, raised taxes, wrote regulations, and grew dependency. Extinction was only a matter of time.
The town paid $2500 for the REQUIRED report. Two college kids dug little holes, sifted it and wrote down the soils...(It was a sandhill).
What they did find....well, me and my buddy told them what it was....part of an old iron fence...hell...we found 50 pieces of the fence and a 1900 photograph of the fence.
The testing was a total scam!!
Looks Jewish to me!!
Itsa boy!!!
Go here...and I get no pleasure sending you this because it is a tad sad for me:
Thank you for sharing.
Thank you for the link. Very Interesting. I did some quick research on Kuna Indians. I was unaware that there were populations in which albinoism was so common.
Inbreeding and albinism could provide partial answers.
So I am tall, blonde hair and blue eyes. I was shopping in a craft store for some paint supplies and a child from Africa (saw me and froze in his tracks staring at me and then following me around the store. He was kind of afraid of me but still followed me around at a distance. I noticed him and talked to him but he looked afraid and then I thought maybe he is lost and told a clerk that I thought there was something wrong for him. His aunt arrived and explained that he thought I was "a god" because my "coloring was so strange." That made no sense to me at the time and I assigned it to poor English skills. LOL
I grew up near the housing projects south of New Orleans. I saw albinos there, in the housing projects. Strange indeed.
You are so welcome.
It boggles the mind what folks will invent...like global warming.
If you looked at those photos, they were not exactly too pleasant to look at .sorry.
Thank you for your reply.
To try to link an albino to some European heritage is nuts.
There are Europeans and there are albinos and you're the only one linking them.
To try and refute these centuries old tales by posting one picture of albinos is nuts. The Spanish didn't know about albinos?
I didn't make up these stories, they've been around for decades and until I see some DNA proof I'm not convinced of anything. I don't flippantly disregard them though. There are too many unanswered questions not to consider every possibility.
This is Luzia One of the oldest skeletons ever found in the Americas...from Brazil.(Who the heck is this?)
Some more (unexpected) old skeletons in the Americas:
Vintage Skulls(Who are these people and were did they come from?)
"The oldest human remains found in the Americas were recently "discovered" in the storeroom of Mexico's National Museum of Anthropology. Found in central Mexico in 1959, the five skulls were radiocarbon dated by a team of researchers from the United Kingdom and Mexico and found to be 13,000 years old. They pre-date the Clovis culture by a couple thousand years, adding to the growing evidence against the Clovis-first model for the first peopling of the Americas."
"Of additional significance is the shape of the skulls, which are described as long and narrow, very unlike those of modern Native Americans."
Curious, I looked up human albinism at Wikipedia, and found that eye color does range, and...
"...Eye conditions common in albinism include: Nystagmus, irregular rapid movement of the eyes back and forth, or in circular motion..."[4]
Actually, "warriors of the clouds" would apply better to the Incas themselves: scientists say that the short stature and proportions of the Andean peoples is well suited to the thin atmosphere at high altitudes.
But if you were an Inca and came across a people who were taller than others and possibly with a different skin tone from yours, you might make them part of your mythology -- and that would fit in well with European mythology.
We tend to assume that people from cold and snowy regions like mountains or polar areas are tall, blond, and blue-eyed, even though that's not the case for Incas, Sherpas, Eskimos, and other groups who actually inhabited those environments.
|GGG managers are SunkenCiv, StayAt HomeMother & Ernest_at_the_Beach
Thanks blam.
"They would find they are albinos. The San Blas Indians have lived on islands off the coast of Panama for a zillion years and do not like intruders."
Their language is speculated to have split from chocoe only ~5 centuries ago (just a philologists' estimate based on drift); the obvious answer is the island-dwellers dialect began to shift from the mainland shoko around the time they began living on islands.
some islands (not the major ones) have inhabitants that, if taken without costume, look more like choko than kuna (or guna, as they seem to have changed it to now).
The mummy thing in peru should be prety easy to resolve with dna testing, lack of anything public isn't encouraging.
Sorry for my late reply to you.
I want to thank you for your comments.
Could be some of George Zimmerman's kin folks.
The DNA tests were inconclusive. The tissue is all dead.
However the spanish explores did say that there were blond haired white people in revalations by Pedro Pizarro.
He said they were whiter than the spanish and had hair the color of wheat (trigo)
You can read the english translation here:
He never mentioned any eye color at all.
Albinos have white hair and white translucent skin. Nobody ever described Cloud People of Peru as albinos. The descriptions of them speak of light skinned people with brown or reddish hair, often wavy. Please provide some proofs that these people were dsecribed as albinos by those who encountered them in the previous centuries or admit that you posted a 'hogwash' comment.
The DNA results of the mummies mentioned in the book Wurde Amerika in der Antike entdeckt? by Hans Giffhorn indicate Siberian [native American] on the female ancestors' side and Western European on the male ancestors' side. My view is that in antiquity a ship of European men landed on the south American coast, then sailed up the Amazon river. The men then climbed the foothils of the Andes, either in an effort to cross the continent or in an effort to escape heat of the tropical lowlands. There they stayed and produced offspring with the local women and thus founded a light-skinned-light-colored-hair tribe.
No need to speculate unless you're lazy and unwilling to find corroborative data; I've made it easy in my first post which should allow you to make up a reasonably well seasoned choice.
(Assuming it gets approved.)
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