text:
School health and nutrition (SHN) programs are critical for achieving education for all (EFA) as research has shown that improvements in health status contribute to improvements in learning and academic outcomes. ... See More + Through programs targeted to address major health conditions that are highly prevalent among poor schoolchildren, (for example, iron deficiency anemia, hunger, worm infections, diarrheal disease, and malaria) SHN programs can have a large impact on children's education, increasing the time that they spend at school and their ability to learn while at school. SHN programs are recognized as important educational policy initiatives to improve education outcomes. Furthermore, schools provide an excellent platform for the delivery of child health and nutrition services, where they can strengthen the cost-effectiveness of health interventions and deliver gains in participation and learning. In this paper, the policy platform is documented as well as the type, coverage, and the effect of the SHN interventions, followed by the key areas identified for development and learning of the school health promotion program (SHPP). See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 97773 JUN 01, 2014
Drake, L. J.; Peiris, R.; Dixon. R.; Palfreyman, A.; Ebenezer,Roshini Mary; Lokubalasuriya, A.; Kwon,Jae Hyung; Medagama, R. S..; Bundy,Donald A. P.; Aturupane,Harsha; De Silva, N. Disclosed
This study focuses on the link between teachers' 'time-on-task' (TOT) and the nature of tasks in classrooms. This study, carried out with concurrence from Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), is built upon the independent study commissioned by MHRD to explore teacher attendance rates in schools. ... See More + This study ventures beyond the quantitative dimensions of teacher attendance (physical presence) to look at the 'time-on-task' (TOT) and nature of tasks, that is, the quantity and quality of teacher presence and interaction. Most specifically, it will provide insight into the work environment of teachers who are the key to service delivery and suggest implications for both policy and program interventions to empower teachers and introduce more accountability into the system. The McKinsey and Company study (Barber & Mourshed, 2007) identified three things that matter most: (1) getting the right people to become teachers; (2) developing them into effective instructors; and (3) ensuring that the system is able to deliver the best possible instruction for every child. In the present study, the attempt is to see whether the teachers are 'effective instructors' and the system is delivering the best to its children. The study aims to find out the factors that facilitate improved quality of instructional time on the one hand, and what it means to the whole process of improving learning levels on the other. In addition, there is an effort to understand the characteristics of various enabling inputs See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 86001 FEB 01, 2014
Sankar, Deepa; Linden, Toby Disclosed
A nation's utilization and creation of knowledge endeavors are globally acknowledged as the driving forces for economic development and competitiveness. ... See More + Public and private investments in institutions of higher education and research require strengthening in tandem with the development of a regulatory environment that supports national and institutional growth. In recognition of these issues, the Government of Bangladesh's first Higher Education Strategic Plan (2006-2026) proposed a long-term development plan for the higher education sector, recommending that the plan will need to be cognizant of both universities and the Bangladesh National University-affiliated colleges where the majority of post-secondary graduates are enrolled. This study addresses challenges faced by a major part of the higher education sector in Bangladesh - the colleges. The objectives of the study are to: a) review and analyze the college education system of Bangladesh and b) identify policy options which will guide the government as it prepares a long-term strategy to improve the quality and relevance of higher education. This report is divided into the four key areas ripe for reform: a) access and equity, b) quality and relevance, c) financing, and d) governance. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 84428 JAN 01, 2014
Nagashima, Yoko; Rahman, Mokhlesur; Rashed, Syed; Josh, Al-Zayed; S. Dhar, Subrata; Nomura, Shinsaku; Rahman, Muhammad Asahabur; Mukherjee, Hena Disclosed
Education and skill development have played a crucial role in economic growth, poverty reduction and social transformation in Bangladesh, particularly the inclusion of women in the labor force in the last decade. ... See More + Bangladesh has made impressive gains in improving access to education, reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of gender parity at the primary and secondary levels. Increased access to secondary education among girls over the past twenty years appears to have produced a powerful agent of social mobility as it is likely that many of the young girls who benefitted from the female stipends in the early 90s have now entered the labor market and may be enjoying higher earnings than older female cohorts. The widespread entry of women into the labor market has been a leading factor in the rapid expansion of the garment industry. With around USD 15 billion in export value in 2010, the readymade garment industry is currently Bangladesh's most important industry sector (McKinsey and Company 2011). In this context, a policy note on the skills development is being prepared to discuss the issues of the linkage between education and skills development and the labor market. The policy note, together with two other policy notes on access and equity, and quality of education, will be part of the Bangladesh Education Sector Review (ESR). The ESR is developed for diagnosing the current educational situation in Bangladesh and discusses different policy options for the way forward. The skills development policy note aims to assess the flow and stock of today's skills demands and supply, in the areas of formal and informal sector labor market, as well as the overseas labor market where a large number of Bangladesh seeks for employment opportunities. It also aims to discuss the skills required for Bangladesh to develop when achieving the status of the middle income country as stipulated in the vision 2021. As part of the skills policy note, the Enterprise-based Skills Survey (ESS) has been conducted. This background report documents the technical properties of the ESS and discusses the general results of the survey. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 81941 OCT 01, 2013
Nomura, Shinsaku; Hong, Seo Yeon; Nordman, Christophe Jalil; Remi Sarr, Leopold; Vawda, Ayesha Y. Disclosed
Education is universally recognized as one of the key determinants of socio-economic security and welfare. The link between education and increased individual earnings has been widely documented: there is a large body of cross-country evidence that education enhances the employability, productivity and income earning capacity of individuals. ... See More + The impact of educational attainment on these various socio-economic indicators has been shown to vary by region, sub-region, gender, age, by income levels, and other variables. In this paper, we focus on the socio-economic impact of educational attainment in Afghanistan. Afghanistan presents a fairly unique context for examining the association between education and the socio-economic variable discussed above. It is a conflict-affected country, with strong and rich cultural and religious traditions. It also has some of the worst developmental indicators and in the world. Using data from the National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA) survey of 2007/08, authors investigate the extent to which the educational attainment of men and women is associated with greater economic welfare and less likelihood of being poor. The analysis is divided into four parts: part one looks education and other factors associated with household economic welfare and the probability of being poor; part two focuses on the education and other factors associated with women's participation in the labor force; part three looks at the association of mother's education with health-related outcomes of children; and part four looks at the association between educational attainment of girls and women, and their perceptions of well-being. Afghanistan's education indicators are among the worst in the world and girls and rural communities are particularly disadvantaged. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80122 JUL 01, 2013
Auturupane, Harsha; Gunatilake, Ramani; Shojo, Mari; Ebenezer, Roshini Disclosed
Sri Lanka is a lower-middle income country with a per capita income of approximately US$ 2,400, and a population of around 20 million people. Sri Lanka's high rate of literacy is due to its sustained growth through the twentieth century. ... See More + Primary education spans the first five grades of schooling, grades 1-5. Student's progress automatically to lower secondary education for four years of education in grades 6-9 and then on to upper secondary education in grades 10-11 for a two year course that culminates in the General Certificate of Education Ordinary level examination (GCE O-L). The curriculum for primary education is designed separately from those for subsequent stages of education. The primary education curriculum stage is encapsulated in a primary curriculum framework that derives from extensive debate during the 1990s in connection with the recommendations in 1997 of the national education commission, the work of the technical committee on primary education appointed by the presidential task force and detailed implementation work by the primary education unit of the national institute of education. Since 2003 the National Educational Research Centre (NEREC) based at the University of Colombo has administered tests in first Language, Mathematics and English to grade 4 children in a sample of schools country-wide. In the 2009 assessments a cut-off percentage of 80 percent rather than 50 percent were 48 percent in First Language, 53 percent in Mathematics and just 19 percent in English. The budget of the national Ministry of education includes a separate budget line for primary education but this money is allocated only to the primary sections of national schools. Province, zone, division and school budget do not separate allocations and expenditure for primary and secondary. There is no reason in principle why separate budget lines could not be created for most types of expenditure. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80316 JUL 01, 2013
Little, Angela; Aturupane, Harsha; Shojo, Mari Disclosed
Afghanistan's ability to enhance its human capital resources will determine the course of the nation's future economic, human and social development. ... See More + Recognizing this, the Government of Afghanistan is committed to implementing policies aimed at getting children, particularly girls, into the education system. This paper aims to inform this process by investigating a variety of characteristics of children, such as their households, educational facilities, community factors, and spatial variables that are associated with education enrollment in urban and rural Afghanistan. This paper aims to investigate the factors underlying these low school enrollment figures and is structured as follows. Section one reviews previous research in this area. Section two provides a brief description the data and the methodology used in this analysis. In section three authors present the results which are then discussed in section four. In fact this study found that while the availability of appropriate schools is significantly correlated with primary and mid-school enrollment, they have a significant impact only on the enrollment of rural girls in high school. Right now, Afghanistan appears to be in a paradoxical situation: while education and better human capital needs to power economic growth, incomes need to expand to ease the constraints on education enrollment that are currently imposed by economic backwardness. To break out of this circle of constraints against enrollment, policy makers need to aggressively pursue policies that concentrate on easing the economic costs to households of children attending school, while enhancing the supply and quality of the facilities provided. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80121 JUL 01, 2013
Auturupane, Harsha; Gunatilake, Ramani; Shojo, Mari; Ebenezer, Roshini Disclosed
Most developing countries following independence opted for strong central control and direction of the education system, partly because of limited resources and the need to plan carefully and partly because of a felt need to create a sense of national unity among diverse ethnic and linguistic groups. ... See More + This meant that key areas of control and decision making, such as management of resources and personnel, curriculum, evaluation of performance, and accountability, were under central rather than local control. The empowerment of schools has two major components: school-based management and the involvement of parents and communities in the work of schools. The emphasis given to one or other of these components depends on general national policy, local traditions, and context, with the result that almost every system is unique when one considers who makes decisions, the actual decisions that are made, the nature of those decisions, the level at which they are made, and relationships between levels. Thus, there are 'strong' and 'weak' versions of school empowerment. In some, only a single area of autonomy is granted to schools, while in others the community management of schools, even the establishment of schools, is encouraged (World Bank, 2007). In this paper, the author will briefly outline the history of school empowerment in Sri Lanka with particular reference to the Program for School Improvement (PSI), which commenced in 2006. The final section of the paper contains suggestions designed to strengthen process of empowering Sri Lankan schools and improving education outcomes. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 77759 MAY 01, 2013
Aturupane, Harsha; Kellaghan, Thomas; Shojo, Mari Disclosed
The central and state governments of India have been pursuing several reforms in the higher education sector. In engineering education, the government has already embarked on several reforms within the current legislative framework. ... See More + Given this dynamic momentum, the engineering education sector in India is expected to receive a significant boost over the next few years. It is therefore timely to take stock and review the position of the sector internationally. This study thus aims to provide the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), and relevant stakeholders with key facts, reliable data, and the results of relevant international comparisons to establish a common ground and to help in measuring the performance of the current engineering education system in India. The government also recognizes the importance of lessons that may be learned from the other Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, and China (BRIC) countries, and these countries were therefore selected for the comparison. This report is organized as follows: section one gives introduction; section two briefly discusses the background of both general higher education and engineering education in India. Section three reviews earlier comparative studies on international engineering education. Section four describes the scope of the study. Section five explains the methodology of data collection and identifies the data sources. Section six outlines the analysis of the collected data and the findings. Section seven presents conclusions. The appendixes describe the engineering education systems of the various countries examined in the study, the related challenges and opportunities, and the future policy goals in each country. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 78182 APR 01, 2013
Saeki, Hiroshi; Imaizumi, Saori Disclosed
Educational attainment in Pakistan has been historically low as compared to other countries in the region. Currently the primary net enrollment rate (NER) in Pakistan is sixty six percent which is far below that of some of the other countries in the region. ... See More + It is also evident that there is great disparity within Pakistan, particularly in Balochistan which has a primary NER of fifty six percent as compared to the Punjab province which has a primary NER of seventy percent. This project examined various factors that influence enrollment decisions in Pakistan however; there have been relatively few recent studies that examine the determinants of schooling decisions and gender differentials in schooling in Balochistan. This analysis consists of three main components: (i) constructing profiles of children in Balochistan by schooling status; (ii) conducting a decomposition of variance of schooling status; and (iii) a logistic regression analysis to determine gender differentials in school enrollment. The project results suggest that for six - ten year olds in Balochistan the majority of variation in schooling status is explained between households rather than within households, while for eleven - fifteen year olds the majority of variation in schooling status is explained by within household differences. Poverty also plays a major role in determining whether or not a child is enrolled in school, as children belonging to the poorest wealth quintile in the six - ten age groups are four times more likely to be out of school than children in the richest wealth quintile. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 76115 MAR 01, 2013
This study reports the results of an impact evaluation of a pilot project implemented in 220 villages in Bajna block, Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh (MP), India. ... See More + The 30-month pilot was designed to improve early childhood development outcomes through: (a) creating awareness on child development issues among households and the community; (b) strengthening linkages between different service providers; (c) intensifying the connection between the community, panchayat (local governments), and service providers; (d) facilitating the formation of Village Resource Groups (VRGs) with representatives of the community, panchayat, and service providers to ensure better convergence and coordination of service delivery; (e) developing integrated village-level action plans around the needs of the child; and (f) advocating and lobbying with local, district, and state administration for flexible allocation of resources. The evaluation assessed the impact of the project on health, education, and nutrition milestones or outcomes or outputs identified for each stage of child development. This report is structured as follows: chapter one gives background; chapter two presents evaluation of the results of the pilot project; chapter three presents progress in processes and identified outcomes or milestones; and chapter four deals with Bachpan-lessons learned. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80892 MAR 01, 2013
Sankar, Deepa Disclosed
Even though Sri Lanka is a fore-runner in many human development dimensions and aspects of gender equality amongst the South Asian countries, it is similar to other South Asian countries when it comes to women's participation in economic activities. ... See More + Female labor force participation has not changed much in recent decades and remained stagnant at a rate around 30 to 35 percent of working age women. This rate is much lower than one would expect given the educational attainment of the female population in Sri Lanka. In order to encourage increased womens participation in economic activities, the first condition is to understand what is keeping them out of the scene. This paper analyzes the underlying reasons behind low participation rates of women in economic activities. It also investigates the employment outcomes, occupational choice, rates of returns, and skills set of economically active women in comparison with men to identify and understand the gaps. The findings have been used to suggest potential policies and programs that can help remove some of those barriers and encourage and enable women to become more economically active in the labor market. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 86532 JAN 01, 2013
Chowdhury,Afra Rahman Disclosed
This paper examines the population changes and the related causative factors, namely fertility, mortality and international migration in Sri Lanka. ... See More + During the past decades, the total size, as well as the age and sex structure of the population, was exposed to irreversible changes. The age structure transition has produced a demographic bonus conducive for an economic takeoff. During this period, the proportion of people of working age (15-59) is larger than the fraction in the dependent age categories. The paper includes a sector analysis of the employed population in the agriculture, industry and service sectors to identify the growth sectors of the economy and to reveal the potential patterns and levels of utilization of the demographic bonus. Finally, the social safety net implications of the emerging population, such as the dependency burden, aging, disability and the disintegration of traditional family system in Sri Lanka are examined. Sri Lanka's population has grown to 20 million in 2010, an almost eight-fold increase since the census of 1871. The population doubled 54 years after the first census (1925), then again in 35 years (1960), as a result of the relatively high population growth rate. The 2001 census calculated a population 18.7 million. By 2003, the population was estimated to be 19.2 million, a third doubling in 43 years. By 2010, the population of Sri Lanka had passed the 20 million mark. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 74168 NOV 01, 2012
De Silva, W. Indralal Disclosed
Sri Lanka's demographic transition has significantly shaped the age distribution of the labor force and created a large working age population (World Bank 2008). ... See More + Changing cohort sizes of young and old workers not only affect their own labor market outcomes (job quality, earnings), but also potentially affect growth prospects in the economy. Recovering from a 30-year conflict in the North and the East, Sri Lanka aims to accelerate growth in the medium term by substantially increasing investments. What will be the role of the labor market in delivering this growth? The service sector is expanding and accounts for nearly 60 percent of the Growth Domestic Product (GDP) and almost 40 percent of employment. However, only 56 percent of the working age population is employed, a result of low participation and high unemployment rates among women and youth. Any growth strategy will have to bring in more working age people, particularly women, into economic activity. The paper is organized as follows. The two sections that follow present an overview of the supply and demand side of the labor market. The next section discusses the ways in which the demographic transition could shape the labor market, particularly in terms of unemployment and earnings. This discussion is followed by three sections examining labor force participation and unemployment, job type, and earnings respectively. The last section concludes with some policy recommendations. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 74171 OCT 01, 2012
Sinha, Nistha Disclosed
The paper analyzes the labor market during 1992-2009, the wartime years, and uses the findings to help understand implications for the labor market as the economy grows and recovers from the conflict. ... See More + The analysis is primarily based on annual Labor Force Survey (LFS) data collected by the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) between 1992 and 2009. The paper excludes the North and East from the analysis because the labor market in these provinces was functioning in atypical times, and was affected severely by the security situation. The 2006 moving out of poverty study conducted in conflict areas noted large outmigration of the better off households and the reliance on those left behind on remittances (Center for Poverty Analysis 2006). The study also found that private sector investment had largely dwindled in these provinces, and the main source of jobs was public employment. Looking ahead, over the next 15 years, demand for workers in industry is likely to increase as rebuilding and recovery in the North and East proceeds. In addition, demand for highly skilled workers to meet the needs of the expanding services sector, particularly higher-end services, will also increase. Analyzing the empirical trends using the LFS, it is clear that increasing female labor force participation, addressing high youth unemployment and its causes, and addressing the negative aspects of certain labor market regulations will be key to meeting the needs of a growing economy. The paper is organized as follows. The two sections that follow present an overview of the supply and demand side of the labor market. The next section discusses the ways in which the demographic transition could shape the labor market, particularly in terms of unemployment and earnings. This discussion is followed by three sections examining labor force participation and unemployment, job type, and earnings respectively. The last section concludes with some policy recommendations. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 74169 OCT 01, 2012
Cnobloch, Stefania Rodica Disclosed
Sri Lanka has been going through a demographic transition triggered by decreasing fertility and increasing life expectancy. The demographic transition is marked by two stages. ... See More + During the first stage, the drop in new births reduces the under-age dependency ratio, while the proportion of working age population expands. This reduction in dependency ratio due to declining fertility, frequently referred to as the demographic bonus, is associated with an increased pace of economic development due to the larger share of working age population relative to the total population, and the smaller pool of dependents that workers have to support. In the second stage of the demographic transition, the consistently low fertility rates in combination with increased life expectancy for the elderly, lead to the relative expansion of the old-age dependency ratio. As the demographic transition enters the second stage, the demographic bonus deteriorates. As Sri Lanka is going through a demographic transition, it is important to take stock of the ways labor income is produced and consumed by different age groups. Similarly, when a deficit or a gap between consumption and labor income emerges, it is important to know what type of expenditures drive it and how it is financed. This paper documents labor income and consumption patterns by age group in Sri Lanka, in a manner that is comparable to work carried out for other countries that participate in the National Transfer Accounts Project. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 74170 OCT 01, 2012
Nikitin, Denis; Silva, Indralal de; Jayasekara, Tissa Disclosed
Discrimination and stigma are constant companions in the life of the rainbow people. Apart from the demand for decriminalization, the main issues that confront the community are discrimination and violence, recognition of alternative family structures, adoption and property rights, and access to social security measures including identity documentation, welfare schemes, and education and health services. ... See More + In order to establish a realistic plan for their inclusion into state provided services and liberties, it was important to understand what prevents them from doing so at this time, and to develop a carefully crafted roadmap for actions that the State, community and other stakeholders can program into their day-to-day work. Sexual minorities have fought a long battle against discrimination. Criminalization of Hijra and homosexuals took place during the colonial period and Lord Macaulay drafted the now infamous section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) according to the law, voluntary carnal intercourse against the order of nature could be punished by imprisonment. Laws such as section 377 have long been removed in most western democracies, although they persist in many post-colonial countries in Asia and Africa. In 2009, the Delhi High Court also read down the law, legalizing same sex consensual homosexual activities between adults. This judgment is unfortunately now challenged at the Supreme Court of India which is currently hearing the arguments of either side. The decriminalization of the community remains a fundamental issue which needs resolution if the community is to attain its rightful due. Continued advocacy on the part of the community and education of its people in the implications of the 2009 High Court judgment are important steps. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 71270 JUL 01, 2012
Singh, Suneeta; Dasgupta, Sangita; Patankar, Pallav; Hiremath, Vijay; Claeson, Mariam; Chhabra, Vibha Disclosed
Human capital is the central determinant of economic well-being and social advancement in the modern global economy. The key characteristic that distinguishes between advanced economies, middle-income economies and low-income economies is the knowledge content of their economic activities and production processes. ... See More + Industry, agriculture and especially services have become increasingly knowledge and skill intensive in recent years. Further, the dominance of knowledge and skills is increasing at an accelerating rate. Among advanced economies, for instance, the education levels of their populations is the single most important factor determining their economic performance [Hanushek and Welch (2006), Hanushek and Woessmann (2008)]. Among middle-income and low-income countries, too, economies that have high education attainment enjoy considerable welfare gains [Fasih (2008), Patrinos and Psacharopoulos (2011)]. Human resource development is particularly important for the economic development of small states [Martin and Bray (2011)]. Education also produces a variety of social benefits. These include healthier and better nourished families and children; the creation of the enlightened citizenry needed for a modern liberal democracy; and the promotion of social mobility [OECD (2012)]. This paper offers an overview of the general education system and the current status of access and participation in the Maldives. This is followed by a discussion of the economic and social benefits of investment in education. The paper concludes by discussing options to expand access and participation at education levels where the Maldives lags behind other comparable small island economies. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 68615 MAY 01, 2012
Aturupane, Harsha; Shojo, Mari Disclosed
Increasing employment among youth and increasing the earnings and job-stability of youth is important for Pakistan. This study examines the labor market outcomes of graduates from training institutes run by Punjab Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA), the largest technical and vocational education and training provider in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. ... See More + The study uses an SMS-based survey of 7,840 graduates from 2010. This is a promising and inexpensive method to assess the impact of education and training in developing countries. Using SMS is feasible, fast, and very low-cost, but it comes with a set of challenges, notably a low response rate. The author summarizes lessons for future SMS-administered surveys. For the labor market outcomes, we find that only 39 percent of graduates are employed post training with considerable variation in employment outcomes across trades, districts, gender, and schools. The author conclude that there is overall strong need for the improvement of quality and relevance of technical education and vocational training, and that some schools, trades, and districts are substantially better at linking to labor market demand than others. See Less -
Working Paper (Numbered Series) 67432 MAR 01, 2012
Khan, Ayesha; Blom, Andreas Disclosed
The quality of education is a major policy challenge facing the Maldives. The country achieved the first generation objective of providing universal access to basic education through rapid expansion of enrollment.
... See More +
As is frequently the case with such countries, the second generation challenge is to provide education of adequate quality. Evidence from a variety of sources shows that education quality in the Maldives is weak, and needs urgent improvement. Learning outcomes in both primary and secondary education are modest. National assessments of learning outcomes at Grade 4 and Grade 7 show that learning levels are unsatisfactory. The low average scores suggest that learning levels in both primary education and lower secondary education are weak. There are several dimensions of education quality which Maldivian policy makers consider to be of vital importance. Among these, the quality of school teachers is central to the improvement of education quality. Hence, the Ministry of Education (MOE) is concerned to develop the skills, motivation and performance of teachers. A second key policy initiative is the establishment of a sound quality assurance framework for the school system. The MOE has developed a quality assurance mechanism, which now needs to be pilot tested, refined and scaled up throughout the country. A third strategic policy initiative is the development of a system of regular national assessments of learning outcomes, which can then feed into policy formulation and program development. These three strategic policy initiatives are discussed in the subsequent sections of this report.
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Working Paper (Numbered Series) 67918 FEB 01, 2012
Aturupane, Harsha; Shojo, Mari Disclosed
|Document Date
|Report No.
|Document Type
|Also available in
|School health and nutrition in Sri Lanka (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|How much and what kind of teaching is there in elementary education in India? Evidence from three states (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|A study on national university and affiliated colleges in Bangladesh (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|An assessment of skills in the formal sector labor market in Bangladesh : a technical report on the enterprise-based skills survey 2012 (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Educational, economic welfare and subjective well-being in Afghanistan (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Transforming primary education in Sri Lanka : from a 'subject' of education to a 'stage' of education (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Educational attainment in Afghanistan : an economic analysis (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|School-based education improvement initiatives : the experience and options for Sri Lanka (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|International comparative study : engineering education in India (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Determinants of school enrollment in Balochistan : Determinants of School Enrollment in Balochistan (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Improving early childhood development through community mobilization and integrated planning for children : results from the evaluation of Bachpan program, Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh, India (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Low Female Labor Force Participation in Sri Lanka : Contributory Factors, Challenges and Policy Implications (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Sri Lankan population change and demographic bonus challenges and opportunities in the new millennium (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Demographic transition and the labor market in Sri Lanka (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Determinants of fertility, women's health and employment behavior in Sri Lanka (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|National transfer accounts analysis for Sri Lanka (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Charting a programmatic roadmap for sexual minority groups in India (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Expanding access and enhancing the economic benefits of education in the Maldives : challenges and prospects (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Baseline survey : labor market outcomes of Punjab TEVTA graduates (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)
|Enhancing the Quality of Education in the Maldives : Challenges and prospects (English) See More +
|Working Paper (Numbered Series)


text:
Pain is founder
We all know that Pain is the leader. Even if you consider because he takes orders from madara...he doesn't have to. He didn't go after Naruto when he was told after he beat Jaraiya (greatest ninja ever!). He chooses so because completing madara's goal will ultimately accompliish his goal.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
If some person were to place a smoking gun to my head, or perhaps subject me to hours and hours of torture far too imaginative and sordid to enumerate here, I would say that Larry Woromay is my favorite Eerie Pub artist. Certainly, Dick Ayers' work for the House of Fass - all cleaved heads, neatly sectioned limbs, and spurting eyeballs - was blazed into my brain pan at an early age; and for that Mr. Ayers has my undying gratitude and love. And, yes, the ebony blacks of the mysterious Antonio Reynoso suggest dark, unsung genius.Yet, in my gray years, the work of Woromay moves forward. No one in the Eerie Pub stable could make a page fester like Woromay. His mortal world forever teetered on fleshly corruption - his vision one of decay and an unstoppable return to the wet filth of the earth. This first story, "Vampire Flies," from Witch's Tales Vol. 3 No. 1, serves as perfect example. This story is a Woromay reworking of "Demon Flies" from Harvey's Witch's Tales (1952).
"Witch's Revenge" is a straight-up swipe of a Haunted Thrills story, "Witch's Horror," which first appeared in 1953.
Leaving? Well, if you must. But don't miss the next foray into the pulpy beauty of "Grave Rehearsal" and "Terror Below" as we finish our ravaging of this issue of Witch's Tales. Happy, bloody trails.


text:
Mr. Boraden Nhem
Mr. Boraden Nhem has conducted research at various research institutions in the field of security studies including the RAND Corporation and the Service Historique de la Défense (the French military archive maintained by the Ministry of Defense). He is an alumni of the "Summer Workshop on Analysis of Military Operations and Strategy (SWAMOS) 2010," organized by Columbia University, with Dr. Stephen Biddle as one of the directing faculty. Mr. Nhem has one publication forthcoming with Praeger Security International. The book will study the evolution of the Khmer Rouge from a mere terrorist organization to an insurgency, eventually taking power, and then back to insurgency before its ultimate demise in 1998. His research interests include the use of force in international politics and the question of war and peace. Mr. Nhem holds a BA in Economics and Law from the Royal University of Law and Economics in Cambodia, a Maîtrise in Economics from Université Lumière Lyon 2 in France, and a master's degree from the University of Delaware in the United States. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in political science and strategic studies at the University of Delaware.
*The above information may not be current. It was current at the time when the individual worked for SSI or was published by SSI.
SSI books and monographs by Mr. Boraden Nhem
A Continuation of Politics by Other Means: The "Politics" of a Peacekeeping Mission in Cambodia (1992-1993)
February 18, 2011
Authored by Mr. Boraden Nhem.
The author addresses the UN Cambodian peacekeeping mission of 1992-93 with a fresh look at peacekeeping theory and doctrine. He provides a unique personal perspective to this rigorous academic study having lived in Cambodia as a child through some of the worst years of fighting and subsequent implementation of peace operations.


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Poppie Jones Colored Snake Satchel
Sorry, this item is sold out!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
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Item # 257404
Poppie Jones brings us exciting bags for every occasion. This bold colored snake satchel has plenty of space for everything and plenty of style for anything.
- Faux leather satchel with snake print
- Removable tassel ornament
- Top zip closure
- Rolled handles with 7½" drop
- Fabric lining with zip pocket and two slip pockets
- Dimensions: 13" x 7" x 9"
- Imported
By: 78240Nikki
Location: San Antonio
October 14, 2012
Luv it
"Have my high end purses and regular bags!! This very much compares to the high end alway receive compliment when I carry it! No complaints!"
By: blccpr1
Location: brooklyn, n.y.
August 26, 2012
Nice bag
"I love this bag, good size big enough to hold my things. It's very deep. Love it."
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Cops' eyes are on, and under, big trucks
BREA – They barrel down freeways, rumble through city streets and climb steep grades carved through canyons.
Each day, thousands of commercial trucks travel through Orange County – hauling trash, loaded with goods and carrying construction materials.
And on a recent morning, Brea Officer Mark Kane stood under a 57 Freeway overpass and watched a stream of the large vehicles motor by.
"Just a typical day in Tonner Canyon," he said. "A lot of trucks, a lot of violations."
Kane and fellow Brea Officer Robert Conner joined cops from across north Orange County – Anaheim, Irvine, Fullerton and the California Highway Patrol – in a commercial-truck inspection checkpoint on a recent weekday near the Tonner Canyon Road exit off of the 57 Freeway. Officers participating in the allied effort inspected vehicles for trucking-law violations.
The inspection points are held periodically across the county.
During the five-hour checkpoint, officers questioned drivers, ran registrations, measured tire treads and weighed trucks on portable scales. They crawled under mud flaps to inspect brake lines, shocks and trailer frames. They checked turn signals and inspected windshields. They counted lug nuts.
"A missing lug nut could put a truck out of service," Conner said.
Started in 1985, the Brea Police Department's Commercial Vehicle Enforcement Program is responsible for monitoring shipping traffic on city streets, enforcing local, state and federal regulations for any commercial truck. Other agencies have similar details.
Brea is an especially busy region for large truck traffic, with the massive Olinda Alpha Landfill logging 1,000 truck trips a day, the 57 Freeway connecting shipping traffic between the Inland Empire and Orange County and, more locally, the city's network of commercial distribution centers. Conner and Kane, the department's two officers assigned to the program, keep busy.
Patrolling city streets in ten-hour shifts, four days a week in full-size pickups, their job is to find trucks exceeding the state's weight limit and those traversing city streets not marked as designated truck routes. They've cited truck drivers for driving under the influence or improperly logging hours behind the wheel, or for pulling vehicles overloaded with cargo by as much as 40,000 pounds or loaded with hazardous materials that aren't properly labeled.
The officers have stopped trucks carrying burning trash.
"There's not a real typical day," said Kane on a recent morning in the Police Department's briefing room. A 24-year veteran of the department, Kane estimated he has issued more than 10,000 violations in his 13 years in the commercial-enforcement program.
Trucking violations can range from $100 to $8,000 in fine and court costs. In many cases, citations go to the trucking companies and not the drivers.
To train for the specialized program, officers attend an 80-hour commercial enforcement seminar in Sacramento conducted by the CHP. Kane and Conner have backgrounds is commercial trucking, and both had commercial-vehicle licenses prior to joining the Brea police force. Kane drove a bus, while Conner drove a Brink's security truck.
They may be loathed or deemed a nuisance by many truckers, but the officers say their primary goal to keep the streets safe. In 2010, 3,675 people were killed in large-truck crashes, up from the previous year, according to a report issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
"Our families travel on these streets themselves," Conner said. "Traffic accidents involving tractor-trailers are going to be fatal or result in major injuries."
The weight limit for large trucks in California is 80,000 pounds. Too-heavy trucks damage pavement. They clog traffic. Their tires explode, their frames can crack. And they require more stopping time and distance, compromising safety, experts say.
"There are so many of them (truckers), and they are becoming a larger segment of the freight-shipping operation," said Henry Jasny, vice president of Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety, a Washington, D.C. policy organization tracking transportation statistics. "Trucking is become much more prevalent." In two-vehicle crashes involving passenger vehicles and large trucks, about 97 percent of the fatalities were occupants of the passenger vehicle, according to data compiled by the organization.
"Our goal is to keep these trucks safe," Kane said. "Most of the drivers understand that."
David Gallo, 58, was among the drivers flagged by the officers for an inspection off the 57 Freeway. He sat in the cab of his Mitsubishi truck as Conner checked his license and registration. It was his first time passing through a commercial-enforcement checkpoint.
"I think it's a good idea," Gallo said. "There are a lot of trucks out there. It's better to have them (officers) look and make sure they're safe."
Conner handed Gallo's license back to him through the window and warned him about a cracked windshield. Gallo, the sales manager for a Fullerton lamination-finishing company, passed through the checkpoint without being cited for any violations.
"That didn't hurt too much," Gallo said.
And then he drove away.
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Featuring a uniquely designed rattle chamber containing a single steel ball bearing and external metal discs, the Rapala Clackin' Crank transmits a distinctive clackin' sound with maximum vibration. A perfect choice for working over the tops of grass or around stumps and laydowns in shallow water, its steep downward-angled square bill ensures strike-inducing deflections and a nose-down, snag-resistant posture. Extremely realistic with its translucent, textured body design, the Clackin' Rap produces a seductive flash to help attract additional attention in stained water. Available in a variety of colors, each Rapala Clackin' Crank is hand-tuned and tank-tested to swim perfectly right out of the box.
0 Colors
More From Rapala Crankbaits
Customer Reviews
Comments: Most underrated bait on the market, this thing catches some monster bass, especially in muddy water, the smallmouth love them too.
From: Mitch: MN
Comments: I bought a couple Clackin Cranks at the end of last season. I completely forgot that I had tied on the silver crank onto my 6'6" medium spinning rod. About halfway through my first bass tournament of this season, I was getting completely skunked. Instead of re-tying on another crank bait, I decided to cast it out. I was not disappointed at all and quite surprised. I use Rapala hard baits quite frequently mainly sticking with the ones that I know work. Well, this is now my "go to" crank bait whether the bass are biting or not. The colour selection is sufficient with 11 colours to choose from and the price is comparable to other manufacturers that are on the market today. Well done Rapala. Looking forward to the newest crank baits that you come up with.
From: Jeff: Canada
Comments: This bait is great for prespawn when they are everywhere around the shallows! Had a few eat it a foot from the bank! Gold olive, bleeding olive shiner for clearer water, parrot and hot mustard for murky!
From: Ethan: Kansas
Comments: Let me say first that I am totally a fan of rapala lures. I have plenty of confidence in them and they dominate my tackle trays. This one was very good at catching but after 45 minutes of throwing the lure it began to feel funny. When I looked closer, the area around the rattle chamber had fractures. The cracks were allowing water inside the body causing it to sink and affecting the action. With my expectation of rapala quality, not to mention its price, it should have lasted much longer. I hope this isnt a preview of the quality that rapala will start putting out
From: Richard: VA Beach
Comments: all i could said is, it catch my 1st lunker 6.9 nd dis is a secret hahaha!!!!
From: PY_BASSMASTER!!!: sacramento CA
Comments: i caught a 22 pound tiger musky with the 2 in bleeding olive shiner. I love these lures
From: Josh
Comments: First night using the Bleeding Olive Shiner and the first 4 casts I caught one largemouth and one smallmouth I would say I'm loving it! Used it in ultra clear water and this thing casts a mile and then some! Wasn't getting a bite until I tied this on! Great finish and the hooks don't let go!
From: Zach: IN
Comments: The low-angled bill makes the lure catch a lot of moss and other slop if there's any in the area. Under ideal conditions, this can be a great bait, it's super loud. I've caught lots of fish on the parrot color in the daytime, but unfortunately the paint chips off of these very easily so I don't find it worth the high price tag.
From: Franklin: AR
Comments: Why not perfect~~......This is a good lure, it helped me catch a lot of fish but there is a big problem about the rapala clackin series!!!!!!! The problem is "water leaking". Check your clackin crank or rap, see if there is any water inside....I have 5 clackin cranks, they all have this problem, water tend to go inside of the lure from where the metal chamber connecting to the plastic body. When temperature changes, metal and plastic will expand or shrink with different speed, sometimes the gap between the metal chamber and the plastic body can be big enough for water to go inside expecially when you run the lure at MAX. depth( under high water pressure) . Once the water went inside it will never come out, your lure will become heavier and heavier---from slow rising to slow sinking or even worse. ( you lure won't look as good as it used to either) Come on rapala!!!! I like this lure so much, but the water leaking problem really piss me off!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! En...They should use independent sealed plastic body instead and then put the metal chamber in the middle.
From: Chee: Chicago
Comments: Tried this crank out for the first time, 3rd cast landed a solid 3lb largie. Next cast same spot landed a solid 2.5lb Large Mouth. These cranks are really good but at 10.99 it might be a little too much, they should be around the 6.99 to 7.99 range
Comments: Just before dawn when the bass need a little direction this is the perfect noise maker. Nailed two 5lbers on 3 casts. No BS. Don't know if color matters as it was still dark. Enjoy.
From: Steve: L.A., CA
Comments: I fish nearly any crank I can find, and I have to say this bait deserves to be more popular. The fact that no one really fishes it is alright with me though. It definitely has a unique sound (probably too loud for most situations), enough momentum to bulldoze through cover, and from my experience can really piss off those fish you know are holding to wood but will not bite very easy. Also, although the bait isn't really designed for grass, I caught silly amounts of fish ripping this dense bait up and out of hydrilla this year.
From: Miles: OKC, OK


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Admission free
Become a Member
Enter the Museum via Exhibition Road or Queen's Gate. The front entrance on Cromwell Road is currently closed.
Visit our Museum in Hertfordshire.
Get involved with nature
Support our vital work
The home of nature-inspired gifts. Free UK next-day delivery when you spend £75 on the Museum collection, plus new international delivery rates. All sales support the Museum.
Kitsch dino for adults
Book a visit for your school on
+44 (0)20 7942 5555.
Lines are open Monday-Friday from 8.30-16.00 during term time and 10.00-13.00 during school holidays.
Plan your school visit
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The Natural History Museum will use your personal information in accordance with the Data Protection Act 1998. We will use it to provide the service(s) requested, improve our understanding of our target audiences and supporters, and, if you agree, to send you news and information as set out above. For more information, please see our privacy notice.


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Skechers Inspired Lighten Up Sneaker - Womens
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Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
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Item # dsw12prod4530070
Walk in comfort with the stylish women's Inspired Lighten Up from Skechers! With a breathable mesh upper and double mary jane straps, this walking shoe is sure to become a wardrobe staple.
- Breathable mesh upper with synthetic overlay at base for added durability
- Adjustable Velcro strap
- Comfort padded insole with perforations for added breathability
- Cushioned grey midsole
- Textured rubber outsole for durability and traction
- More colors available
- Imported
- View more Skechers
Tell us what you think!
Everyone has an opinion. Here's your chance to share yours! Be the first to write a review of this product and help your fellow shoppers pick the best of the best.


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Training Independent Learners: Student Self-Editing Checklist for Law School Papers, Notes and Comments
Wanda Temm
University of Missouri at Kansas City - School of Law
Allen Rostron
University of Missouri at Kansas City - School of Law
Nancy Levit
University of Missouri at Kansas City - School of Law
May 7, 2008
Too often, professors offer exemplar edits of student papers providing a single edit or identifying one or two instances of a problem. The expectation is that the students will respond to the general principle and use it themselves in editing the remainder of their own pieces. Independent learning theory suggests that students learn best if they learn the tools of self-assessment.
Editing checklists abound. Grammar dos and don'ts are not difficult to obtain; indeed, virtually every legal writing text has some variation. Students who take the time to review these lists find them quite helpful. Independent learners only need access to the information. Not all students, however, are independent learners. Many need more than a nudge to use information that is provided to them. Requiring self-editing certification enables the student to develop editing skills by focusing on discrete tasks rather than the often overwhelming instruction to proofread carefully. Although this same information is available in a myriad of sources, the certification directs the student to manageable tasks.
The following is a checklist for students to use in editing their own papers. It lists many of the most basic principles of good, clear writing and many of the most common flaws in students' papers. It requires the student to certify, by signing and noting the date and time, that the student has checked the paper for each of the points listed.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 8
Keywords: Law school paper, Notes, Comments, Editing, Self-editing, Checklist, Legal writing, Scholarly writing, Student papers, Grammar, Plagiarism, Law students, Students
JEL Classification: D83, K10
Date posted: May 8, 2008
Suggested Citation
Contact Information


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Holt American Anthem: Reconstruction to the Present
and and and
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You must be logged into Bookshare to access this title. Learn about membership options, or view our freely available titles.
- Brief Synopsis:
- NIMAC-sourced textbook
- Long Synopsis:
- Book Quality:
- Publisher Quality
- Book Size:
- 800 Pages
- 9780030998133
- Publisher:
- Holt, Rinehart and Winston
- Date of Addition:
- 07/21/09
- Copyright Date:
- 2009
- Copyrighted By:
- Holt, Rinehart and Winston
- Adult content:
- No
- Language:
- English
- Categories:
- Social Studies, Textbooks, Nonfiction, History
- Grade Levels:
- Twelfth grade, Eleventh grade, Tenth grade, Ninth grade
- Submitted By:
- Bookshare Staff
- This book is currently only available to public K-12 schools and organizations in the United States for use with students with an IEP, because it was created from files supplied by the NIMAC under these restrictions. Learn more in the NIMAC Help Center.
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Welcome to your morning dose of denim news, links, sales, and inside info! Catch up on what's happening and browse our personal picks for the most interesting what-not that turns up during our morning web crawl. Got a tip you think we should include, a sale you want to share, or a style you just saw and can't live without? Email us!
1. Closing soon: Ruelala's Hudson Jeans sale is in progress, so snag your favorite men's or women's Hudsons (most are $99.90) before they're gone.
2. Barneys New York produced this snazzy video, featuring guys from all walks of life talking about how to pick up chicks, among other things. They are styled in Barneys Co-Op Spring 2012 featured brands, which include a crisp pair of Nudie Jeans Slim Jim Post Recycle Dry ($215). Watch the Barneys Men's Co-op video here.
3. Gap has teamed up with Threadless to bring exclusive, community-designed graphic t-shirts to Gap stores worldwide! Enter your design and you could win $2,000 – $10,000. Go to Threadless online for details.
4. We're intrigued by these high-top velcro sneakers in denim by Raf Simons ($600). Now that he's got his hands free for a bit, we're hoping to see him churn out more denim goods.
—Kathy Ng Hassan
Tags: Barneys New York, denim on sale, Gap, Hudson Jeans, jeans on sale, Nudie, Raf Simons, Ruelala, Threadless


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Views: 2846
The Santa Cruz Public Libraries' Photograph Collection contains more than 1000 local history photographs, dating from the 1860s to the 1990s. Whenever possible, there are notes for each photograph describing the event, persons, buildings, date, and place depicted. The notes also include links to related articles on our website.
The conductor(?) standing next to streetcar #24 of the Union Traction Company, a Birney "safety car."
Conductors(?) and passengers on streetcar #2 of the Union Traction Company on Beach Street between Main Street and the Wharf, west of the Casino.
Horsecar #4 of the East Santa Cruz Railroad on Soquel Road, with the driver(?) at the reins.
Santa Cruz (Amner?) Foundry on River Street.
Passengers and conductor(?) on streetcar #5 of the Santa Cruz Electric Railway.
Santa Cruz Mayor John Maher posed with Birney safety car #23 and Mack bus #1 of the Union Traction Company.
Union Traction Company streetcar, conductors and workers in front of Bedell House, on Mission Street near Otis.
End view of Union Traction Company's streetcar #3, a "Sacramento" car.
Streetcar #17 of the Union Traction Company, traveling southbound past the Santa Cruz Theater, on Pacific Avenue at Walnut.


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Belgian Cinema Festival in Jemeppe-sur-Sambre
- Opening periods
- Event planned for the month of March 2017
Dates and programme may be subject to change
- Event planned for the month of March 2017
- Address:
Salle de l'Amicale Solvay
Rue du Brûlé 32
- MAPS: Google Maps
Discover our country's great cinema talent. It's always better when you do it yourself! In Jemeppe-sur-Sambre from 10 to 16/03/14.
26th edition of this festival that showcases cinema from our fair land.
But what is Belgian cinema? And what is a Belgian film? Historians will define it one way, producers another and institutions another still.
For this Festival it's simple: a Belgian film counts on the talents of a Belgian. A director for instance. Or an actor. A set designer or technician - how many French films would have reached fame without editor Philippe Bourgueil, to name but one?
Don't be surprised then if you see French or Quebecois films on the programme. They're also a bit Belgian!
The guest of honour for this year's edition is Jonathan Zaccaï.
Discover the complete festival programme and more about Belgian actor Jonathan Zaccaï, winner of the 2011 Magritte Best Actor Award for his part in Élève Libre, on the website below!
Tourist information on the town JEMEPPE-SUR-SAMBRE


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It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!
No godless person can comprehend those minute distinctions
in doctrine that provide true believers excuse for mayhem.
-Glen Cook
I've been trying to get into Firefall for MONTHS now! I've been following this game for a long time and used to log on the forums daily until they announced the way the were distributing beta keys which I found pretty annoying, but understandable due to the Red 5's size. If anyone has a spare beta key they're willing to part with I'd really, really appreciate it!
email: email@example.com
Well since the last update its been unplayable for me, lag is just crazy and it was the same for 5 of my clan mates who just got in. We are all based in the EU, it used to be fine.. hopefully the will fix the issue.
Sigh i still dont have my key yet.. been waiting to get in pretty much ever since firefall beta registration was opened.
Anyone with extra key?
Or any quiz for me to complete to get one??
My email is firstname.lastname@example.com.
Looking forward to EQL and EQN.
Looking forward to firefall!
Played it on GamesCom, loving it
They gave me a beta card ( i have had an account with them for almost 2 years now), but i can't seem to get it working unfortunatly. Maybe i should try it with a new account.
Anyways ... it will probably be out soon anyways, it's well worth the wait.
The Repopulation - Scfi Fi Sandbox.
if anyone got spare key
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
No mention of the horrendous server latency in the article? Ugh.
This has been one of major issues with the milestone update which makes the game unbearable to play for a lot of people.
Red5 really needs to work on their servers/netcode before they go any further with development. They claim this game caters to e-sports, yet the network aspects of the game are poor, if not broken, especially after the milestone update.
PS: This comment form has discrepancy between return lines.
You received 25 Agrees. You're posting some good content. Great!
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Now Doesn't That Make You Feel All Warm And Fuzzy? :P


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Scientists treat Staphylococcus aureus skin infections using lotions made with bacteria from atopic dermatitis patients' own microbiomes.
Body, Heal Thyself
September 1, 2015|
Reviving a decades-old hypothesis of autoimmunity
September 1, 2015|
Reviving a decades-old hypothesis of autoimmunity
September 1, 2015|
Given the diverse cell types and complex structure of the human inner ear, will researchers ever be able to re-create it?
April 1, 2015|
Treating cancer by shutting down the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway
April 1, 2015|
Researchers face roadblocks to treating an individual patient's cancer as a unique disease.
February 1, 2015|
A better knowledge of the pathogenesis of emerging zoonotic diseases is crucial if we want to prepare for "the next Ebola."
February 1, 2015|
Federal research dollars are needlessly wasted as scientists spend more and more of their time trying to recoup operational costs.
August 1, 2014|
Erroneous characterization of nanomaterials can misinform the study of a new medicine's safety and efficacy.
May 1, 2014|
Social policies shaped the practice of psychiatry in the past. As the discipline becomes ever more scientific, the effects of social policy on patient well-being must not be ignored.
April 1, 2014|
Nanotechnology-based therapeutics will revolutionize cancer treatment.
February 1, 2014|
Until health care becomes truly personalized, race and ethnicity will continue to be important clues guiding medical treatments.


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Northampton Saints kept pace with the Aviva Premiership play-off contingent after recording a nervy 25-23 victory over Bath on Saturday.
Northampton kept pace with the Aviva Premiership play-off contingent after recording a nervy 25-23 win over Bath at Franklin's Gardens on Saturday.
Jamie Elliott's 72nd minute try snatched victory for Saints over a Bath side who'd shown great spirit to remain in the contest.
Bath headed into the match in sparkling Premiership form, while the Saints had been much more inconsistent in recent weeks.
A slow start to the game saw the two sides exchange penalties in the opening ten minutes. Tom Heathcote gave Bath the lead on four minutes, before Stephen Myler put the hosts back on level terms five minutes later.
The game's first try came on 20 minutes, when Elliott grabbed his first of the afternoon following good work from Myler, who was wide with the conversion.
Further penalties followed, with one from the boot of Myler enough to preserve the Saints' lead after Heathcote had applied the pressure with a quickfire brace.
Three penalty goals from Myler in the third quarter of the game made it 20-9, and Northampton appeared to be in cruise control.
But Bath had other ideas and sensationally took the lead with two converted tries in less than ten minutes.
Chief tormentor Heathcote's effort on the hour put Bath within touching distance, before Semesa Rokoguduni crashed over to give his side the lead.
But the double concession sprung the hosts into life, and Elliott's second try with less than ten minutes on the clock, unconverted, was enough to snatch the lead back.
And this time Saints were savvy enough to defend their narrow advantage until the final whistle, breaking Bath hearts while making it two wins from two for Northampton.
The scorers:
For Northampton:
Tries: Elliott 2
Pen: Myler 5
For Bath:
Tries: Penalty, Rokoduguni
Con: Heathcote 2
Pen: Heathcote 3
Northampton: 15 Ben Foden, 14 James Wilson, 13 George Pisi, 12 Tom May, 11 Jamie Elliott, 10 Stephen Myler, 9 Lee Dickson,8 GJ van Velze, 7 Ben Nutley, 6 Phil Dowson (c), 5 Mark Sorenson, 4 Samu Manoa, 3 Tom Mercey, 2 Mike Haywood, 1 Soane Tomga'uiha.
Replacements: 16 Ross McMillan, 17 Alex Waller, 18 Paul Doran Jones, 19 James Craig, 20 Rhys Oakley, 21 Martin Roberts, 22 Ryan Lamb, 23 Dom Waldouck.
Bath: 15 Nick Abendanon, 14 Horacio Agulla, 13 Matt Banahan, 12 Kyle Eastmond, 11 Tom Biggs, 10 Tom Heathcote, 9 Peter Stringer, 8 Ben Skirving, 7 Mat Gilbert, 6 Carl Fearns, 5 Dave Attwood, 4 Dominic Day, 3 Anthony Perenise, 2 Rob Webber (c), 1 Charlie Beech.
Replacements: 16 Ross Batty, 17 Nathan Catt, 18 Kane Palma-Newport, 19 Will Spencer, 20 Nick Koster, 21 Michael Claassens, 22 Sam Vesty, 23 Semesa Rokoduguni.
Referee: Luke Pearce
Assistant referees: Robin Goodliffe, Ashley Rowden
Timekeeper: Nigel Yates
Television match official: Mike Hamlin


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It's time again for a new STACKS Blast Sweepstakes, and this month's prize is a good one! For September 2011, we are offering you a chance to win a free Justin Bieber Never Say Never DVD (rated PG)! But, here's the thing. You can ONLY enter if you subscribe to the STACKS Blast Newsletter.
The STACKS Blast is our free monthly e-mail newsletter. You give us your e-mail address and an e-mail address for one of your parents, and once a month (usually around the 15th), we give you a newsletter full of games, videos, celeb news, books, message board happenings, and a sweepstakes you can enter. First, you sign up for the newsletter. Then you wait until September 15 when Hooray! the STACKS Blast will arrive in your e-mail inbox. Inside, you'll see a special section for the STACKS Giveaway. That's where you enter to win the Justin Bieber Never Say Never DVD.
While you're waiting for your newsletter to arrive, you can check out this adorable video of baby Justin from the movie.
Sign up for the STACKS Blast Newsletter now so you can enter the sweepstakes when it comes. Good luck!
— Sonja, STACKS Staffer


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By Brendan Conway
The last decade plus has been unkind to stock-fund managers, some of whom were still suffering a dot-com hangover when the financial crisis hit. Like Janus Capital Group (JNS).
Janus, a high flyer and then a casualty of the dot com boom, also suffered under the weight of a market-timing scandal during the 2000s. Then came the crisis. Steady investor outflows ensued. The company's stock price, which once topped $50, is under $10 today.
The answer, at least as Janus and others see a big part of it: Build things other than equity funds. Get "alternative." Because investors facing the next market crisis just might head there next.
Janus chief executive Dick Weil, who's been at the helm since February 2010, is trying to carve what would be a markedly different path for the company. The former Pimco executive has already presided over a fast expansion of the company's bond funds, from a few percentage points to 17% of Janus' $157 billion in assets as of Dec. 31. In a recent visit with Barron's, Weil and key executives from the firm's new "alternatives" business — think hedge-fund strategies in a mutual-fund wrapper — made clear they want to be known for alternatives as much as stock funds. Perhaps more so.
"I'm putting my flag down… You don't get to make that many bets as a CEO," Weil said, explaining the importance of the alternatives niche. "There are a limited number of bullets in the gun… [and] we only have so much investment capital," he said. The firm is coming off its first launch in the area, Janus Diversified Alternatives mutual fund (JDDAX). We asked—given the "flag" talk — if there are more alternative funds coming. Weil didn't tell us about any. Can a mutual fund company really pin its future on one new fund?
Grant Janus this: Alternatives, in spite of being the smallest and least understood fund-investing niche, may be the one to shine brightest in the next market crisis. The area is already growing rapidly, and was the fastest-growing mutual-fund niche during 2012, according to a recent Sterne, Agee & Co. analysis. Alternatives may be especially likely to grab more investors in the event of mayhem in the bond market. That's because some of the best-built funds deliver the slow-and-steady returns investors have grown accustomed to receiving for decades in the bond market.


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Amistad/Adiskidetasun, 2 48001 · Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain · Tel: +34 94 4230134 · Fax: +34 94 4230133 · firstname.lastname@example.com
Establecimiento turístico nº HBI00037 de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco
The Accommodation Begoña has been completely reformed.
For this year 2014 we offer our customers, especially for business and groups, two new rooms for triple use. Check out its features
Are you travelling with your laptop? All of our rooms have a Wi-Fi Internet connection which is free for 24 hours a day.
For those guests who do not have their laptop, we off a free Internet connection in reception with our terminals between 8:00 and 23:00.
We offer very competitive prices that will interest you. Please contact us. Be satisfied.
Daily cleaning of rooms.
Although we only offer hosting service, if you want to enjoy half-board, or just a good breakfast, we can satisfy their desires. We have agreements with restaurants and cafes located at the door of our hotel, with special prices for our customers.
You will only be able to benefit from our discount on the breakfast rate if you choose half board or full board services.
From Day menu an excellent lunch at the Charter. What takes your fancy.
Everything to make your stay very pleasant.


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Eco-friendly Pure Green AC Furnace air filters, by Nordic Pure, are made from environmentally responsible non-woven high loft, antimicrobial filter media. The MERV 8 rating has a lower pressure drop, minimizing energy consumption, while maintaining a high dust holding capacity. Pure Green filter media is fine gauge fiber media polyester with two layers of fiber density allowing depth loading and high efficiency. The filter media is derived from recycled pop bottles and the outer frame is beverage board made of recycled paper products, therefore making it earth friendly.
Three ways Pure Green is purely green!
1. Proper MERV results in less energy consumption by HVAC system2. The Air Filter Media is recycled pop bottles and may be recycled again, depending on your recycling facility.3. The Air Filter Frame is made of recycled paper products, and is biodegradable.
Nordic Pure also offers 20x30x1 Pure Green Plus Carbon AC Furnace Air Filters as an option. The high quality activated carbon air filter polyester media naturally deodorizes the air by absorbing and eliminating household odors that may come from pets, garbage, bathrooms, smoke, litter boxes or cooking. It also removes levels of concentration of gases (VOC's) as well as particulates in the air while maintaining excellent air flow properties.
IMPORTANT Note: Nordic Pure air conditioning and furnace air filters have an actual size that is a fraction of an inch smaller than the standard size, also known as "nominal size". For example our 20x30x1 Pure Green AC Furnace Air Filters have an Actual Size of Air Filter: 19 5/8 x 29 5/8 x 3/4. The size printed on your air filter may NOT be the Actual Size. Please measure to make sure you order the correct air filters.
Nordic Pure®, Inc.