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The Weibring Golf Club is 18 holes, 6,915 yards and a par 71. The course offers cart rental and a pro shop with club rental. Extensively renovated in 2000, the course now accommodates approximately 28,000 rounds per year and hosts more than 100 tournaments and outings. Weibring Golf Club features 18 rebuilt greens and two practice greens, bentgrass tees and fairways, Bunker Guard erosion control and tour-quality Best Sand.
Sugar Grove Nature Center is located in beautiful, historic Funks Grove among over 1,000 acres of forest and prairie. Funks Grove is the largest remaining intact prairie grove in the state of Illinois and is a designated National Natural Landmark. Visitors will enjoy interpretive exhibits, live animals and a wildlife viewing room as well as access to 5 miles of hiking trails. The Imagination Grove Nature Play Area welcomes children to explore, tromp in the creek, climb a tree, ride a zip line and more. A picnic shelter, astronomy observatory, blacksmith forge, corn crib prairie lookout, variety of gardens and many other features help to make Sugar Grove Nature Center a beautiful and unique place. Visit the website to learn more about special events and programs.
Established in April of 2008, Main Gallery 404 provides downtown location for many local artists to display and sell fine artwork and gifts. The Bloomington-Normal area is rich with talented artists. MG 404 gives these artists the much needed opportunity to make his or her work visible
Artful Designs is Bloomington's original and only 'paint your own' pottery studio. It offers the area's largest selection of ready-to-paint pottery. Personal attention and design expertise are available to customers who wish to paint their own pieces. Custom pottery, painted by Artful Designs' talented, experienced staff is also available.
Visitors are invited to explore Bloomington-Normal and join in the celebration of McLean County's agricultural heritage, quilting, local history and the arts. The Barn Quilt Heritage Trail features over a dozen area barns or other farm buildings, each decorated with an 8' x 8' painted quilt square. A complete list of all participating locations is available on the Barn Quilt website. Step-on tour guides are available upon request for bus tour groups.
The Ovation concept is an innovative full-service cinematic dining experience that brings the convenience of dinner and a movie to every oversized luxury seat. The Ovations feature an extensive menu with over 100 premium food and beverage selections providing valued guests to enjoy the biggest Hollywood blockbusters like never before. Ovation also includes amenities such as a cocktail lounge with a full service bar and food service available for guests to enjoy the comfort of community-style dining.
The Prairie Vista Golf Course is 18 holes, 6,745 yards and a par 72. The course offers cart rental, a driving range and has a pro shop with club rental. The American Contemporary Style course, designed by Roger Packard, features bentgrass tees, greens, fairways and water hazards on 16 of the 18 holes. Other amenities include a large practice putting green, large practice chipping green and a grass driving range.
Since incorporating in 1998, the Prairie Fire Theatre has provided the residents of Central Illinois with a unique musical experience. The Prairie Fire Theatre is a not-for-profit organization whose aim is to bring a high-quality, intimate musical theatre, chamber opera and educational resource to the Bloomington-Normal community. All events are performed and directed by local talent, drawing from a largely untapped but highly skilled pool of professional artists. Call or visit the website for performance and ticket information.
This locally-owned pub traces its roots back to 1928. Its scenic location across from Miller Park, Forrest Park and on Historic Route 66 makes this restaurant a popular stop for Route 66 travelers. They offer a variety of food specials, drink specials, video gaming, and lottery. Plus you can watch the game on the big screens. Stop by and try some delicious broasted chicken, walleye, burger's and more!
The Links at Ireland Grove is 9 holes, 1,590 yards and a par 30. The course offers cart rental and a driving range. In addition to the nine-hole course, The Links at Ireland Grove offers a range with weather protected hitting bays, over an acre of target greens, several bunkers, two fairways, nearly two acres of natural grass hitting area and rental clubs.
Accessible Art Gallery supports the arts, with an emphasis on the visual, through the provision of a venue for promoting, exhibiting, experiencing, marketing and creating diverse, high quality art and through participation in the local community.
Beer Nuts Company Store - Plant
Bloomington, Illinois is the only city in the world where beer nuts are made! A video presentation on the making of beer nuts can be viewed in the gift shop, and nuts are available to sample in the Company Store.
A self guided tour of places in Bloomington-Normal was developed with a map and description of the sites to explore the life of David Foster Wallace who was an American author of novels, short stories and essays, as well as a professor of English and creative writing. Wallace is widely known for his 1996 novel Infinite Jest, which was cited by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005. Infinite Jest was completed while Wallace was living in Bloomington and employed in the Illinois State University English Department. In 2013, Illinois State created an annual David Foster Wallace Conference to celebrate his life and review his works.
Maggie Miley's is committed to providing you great food, a perfect pour, and outstanding service. They strive to offer a fun, warm and friendly environment. On behalf of Maggie Miley, they welcome you to their pub. Relax and enjoy the taste of Ireland!
Immediately upon entering the main performing area, visitors are reminded of the days when no expense was spared in building a theater. Rich in architectural details such as gilded columns, ornate friezes and art deco-inspired chandeliers, the Castle is the perfect link between Bloomington's past, present and future. The Castle features local and national emerging and established touring artists in a variety of music types, including Rock, Alternative Rock , Americana, Alternative Country, Blues, Jazz and Contemporary Alternative. Additionally, the space may provide corporate events and weekend children's musical performances during the day, with the balance of the calendar available to rent for private parties, shows, recitals and other events.
Come visit Carl's for the best ice cream in Bloomington-Normal. Awesome burgers, sandwiches, cheese fries and more.
The Illinois Wesleyan University School of Theatre Arts houses extraordinary talent within its facilities at the McPherson Theatre. Four main stage plays are performed here annually, selected from a playbill including everything from Shakespeare to musicals. McPherson Hall, completed in 1963, is named for IWU's 10th President, Harry W. McPherson, and contains a 300-seat theatre, scene shop, classrooms and other facilities. Call or visit the website for performance dates and tickets
Joann Goetzinger Studio and Gallery
A studio and gallery showing the art of Joann Goetzinger. Located in the heart of Downtown Bloomington, the gallery features many of Joann's exhibits made of wood, metalworking sculpture and newer to the gallery is her paintings.
Angel Ambrose Fine Art Studio and Creative Space
You will find a large selection of paintings, gift items, prints, and cards that feature Angel's unique ability to capture unseen concepts and make them visually consumable. She often paints lyrical landscapes using evocative color to allude to idyllic beauty. Writing and speaking developed out of her deep desire to communicate. Speaking is a natural overflow of Angel's passion to communicate, utilizing both her visual vocabulary and words.
The Merwin and Wakeley Galleries provide exhibition schedules that support Illinois Weseyln University's curriculum, the University community and the general public. Each exhibition, consisting of contemporary artworks in all media, is meant to suggest the variety of visual approaches one may choose to present an idea.
The Den at Fox Creek is 18 holes, 6,926 yards and a par 72. The course offers cart rental, a driving range and has a pro shop with club rental. This Arnold Palmer Signature Golf Course features bentgrass tees, greens and fairways that complement the wild prairie grasses which group in the rough. This picturesque Scottish Links Style golf course features 131 strategically placed sand traps and water hazards on 9 of the 18 holes. The Den at Fox Creek has become the host golf course for the Illinois High School Association's Class AA Boys State Championships. Mr. Palmer himself shot 74 during his Grand Opening Round.
This bi-level restaurant & bar serving seasonal American fare, pizzas & over 30 drafts. Medici in Normal takes great pride in its unique design. The décor is elegant with many sophisticated touches. With every visit you will find something new, with details you haven't seen before. The 30-foot Mulberry tree graces the atrium of the restaurant. The tree is central to the design, reflecting the owner's passion for forestry.
The Residence Inn by Marriott, Bloomington is the newest and brightest extended stay hotel to the Bloomington-Normal market. Located off Veterans Parkway, minutes from State Farm Insurance Headquarters and Central Illinois Regional Airport. Our residential-style hotel offers boutique inspired elegance in the heart of Bloomington-Normal. The spacious suites feature separate sleeping and living areas, a fully-equipped kitchen with refrigerator, and 39-inch HD flat panel televisions with in-room DVR players. Our luxury bedding includes crisp linens, comfy mattresses, custom comforters, and fluffy pillows, guaranteeing a blissful nights rest. Upon waking, join us for a complimentary, full-American breakfast buffet offering hot and cold favorites. Check-out our outdoor patio, fire up the BBQ grill to cook your favorite meal or unwind and socialize around the fire pit. Pack your bathing suit and dive in our saltwater indoor swimming pool and spa, it's a refreshing experience.
Eaton Studio & Gallery exhibits and sells the work of local artist Herb Eaton in a 1902 historic building in downtown Bloomington. The paintings, sculptures and drawings reflect the artist's interest in the local rivers, cornfields, gardens, circus, and music scenes. The Gallery hosts art salons, jazz and acoustic musical and theatrical events and sponsors cultural discussions focused on local community interests. Open most Saturdays 10am-2pm, by appointment, special events, and during 1st Fridays 5-8pm.
Alexander's Steakhouse is Central Illinois' unique dining experience! We brought the fun of the backyard cookout with friends and family indoors! At Alexander's Steakhouse, each guest has the opportunity to select their own Steak from the locker and cook it their own special way over a live charcoal grill. Guests can select from twelve different Steak Cuts, such as Ribeye, T-Bone, Filet or our own "Santa Maria" Top Sirloin. All steaks are hand cut daily by our in-house butchers from aged USDA choice Midwestern Beef.
Blue-plate specials, bingo, and a bus stop! Lovingly restored to its circa 1935 appearance, the café now invites visitors to step back in time and experience the way it used to taste. Groups welcome. Open seven days a week, 7 a.m. to 9 p.m.
University Galleries of Illinois State University features both emerging and established artists, often those whose work has not been previously presented in a comprehensive manner. University Galleries is open year-round: daily throughout the academic year and Monday-Saturday during the summer. All exhibitions and events are free and open to the general public. Please call to schedule a special tour for your class or community group.
The Hazy Hills Golf Course is 9 holes, 2,900 yards and a par 35. The course offers cart rental and a pro shop with club rental. The nine-hole course at the Hazy Hills Golf Course in Hudson was designed by Ben Gildersleeve. The design of the holes, rolling terrain and pond give this course character and add to its charm.
The Midwest Institute of Opera is Bloomington-Normal's newest opera company. Performances are held at Illinois State University's Center for Performing Arts Concert Hall. The Institute brings in opera professionals from New York City and participants have come from all over the U.S., Canada, Egypt and Australia. Operas are performed in their original language (with English supertitles) and all productions are fully staged and costumed.
Harold Gregor Gallery features the paintings of artist Harold Gregor in four modes: realist panoramas, colorful aerial flatscapes, energetic abstract "trail" paintings and vibrascapes.
Bandana's is a barbeque restaurant, that is what they are all about, and consistency is the key. You will not find hamburgers, fish or pasta entrees on our menu. What you will find is the best Sourthern Style smoked barbeque pork, beef, chicken, ribs, turkey and sausage you have ever tasted.
A tapas restaurant and bar located in the heart of downtown Bloomington, along Historic Route 66. Reality Bites gives you the best of both worlds; great food and an exciting night out on the town. Reality Bites provides a sophisticated, fun feel in a college town, serving a large diverse menu of lunch and dinner as well as a fully stocked bar. Reality Bites is locally owned and takes pride in satisfying our customer's needs.
ISU Center For The Performing Arts
The Center for the Performing Arts provides the Illinois State University campus and greater Central Illinois community with a wide variety of cultural activities. More than 20,000 people attend annual performances produced by the Illinois State University Schools of Music and Theatre in the Center and all performances are open to the public. Tickets to all performances are available online at Ticketmaster or by calling the box office.
Golf Learning Center At All Seasons
Named to Golf Range Magazine's Top 100 Ranges in America, the center offers both indoor and outdoor facilities, a full flight driving range, 35 heated hitting bays and two heated teaching bays. Lessons and a full swing indoor golf simulator are available.
Baxters American Grille now offers seasonal menus that boast a variety of signature dishes that you can't get find anywhere else. Our concept provides a delicious variety of Steaks, Seafood and Chops accompanied with a Management & Chef team that are dedicated to a unique culinary experience. We offer a big-city dining experience within dinner, private dining and catering to the Bloomington area. Whether you stop in for one of our new signature martinis or to dine in our upscale open kitchen concept, Baxters is the destination for your evening out!
Get rid of your hunger with flavorful creations offered by Bona Fide Thai Cuisine, a Thai restaurant in Bloomington, Illinois. Our family-owned-and-operated restaurant is Bloomington's preferred location for original Thai food. The décor in our restaurant is outstanding, and it provides a comfortable, relaxing atmosphere for the entire family to enjoy. We have wide selection of dishes, including quality food at reasonable prices and wonderful daily specials. We offer plenty of parking, and walk-ins are welcome.
Established in 1982. LaGondola Spaghetti House was based on the founder's simple belief in homemade food and excellent service. In the years since, nothing has changed. Wholesome ingredients prepared fresh everyday from our signature meat sauce to our made from scratch bread. Offering the famous Kelly Tobin's pan and thin crust pizza, spaghetti, garlic bread, torpedo sandwiches and more!
At Crepe Geeks, we are dedicated to serving excellence to people who want simple, delicious French cuisine. We strive to give our customers the best culinary experience possible. Using only the freshest ingredients and serving them in a warm, comfortable atmosphere, each meal will always be memorable. We are also devoted to making sure your experience is pleasurable. Our portions are as large as our desires, and even though we're a small restaurant, there is nothing small about our service and quality.
Caffé Italia Ristorante is family owned and the dishes are inspired from memories of the owners home in Sicily. Come in and enjoy a taste of Italy in Bloomington-Normal.
Authentic Thai cuisine is offered at this restaurant with vegetarian options & beer. This small location with big flavors is sure to make your dining experience memorable!
The 18-hole "Lincoln Elks" course at the Lincoln Elks Country Club facility in Lincoln, Illinois features 6,200 yards of golf from the longest tees for a par of 71. The course rating is 68.6 and it has a slope rating of 120. Designed by Tom Bendelow, the Lincoln Elks golf course opened in 1904.


text: All prices are valid for internet purchases only. All prices include VAT (5% ,9%,19%). Orders that are made between Friday and Sunday will be dispatched on Monday. www.pandorabakeries.com is not responsible for typographical or photographical errors. All logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.Custom-made orders need two working days and delivery time can be arranged by telephone contact at 22466066. Minimum transaction value applies. Delivery restricted to specific locations. Store pick-up option available for all orders.Terms and conditions apply.

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First Sustainable Disaster Recovery Conference a Success
The Center for Sustainability plans to post materials from the inaugural conference on its website to serve communities recovering from natural disasters such as Hurricane Sandy.
|Diana Carlin, Ph.D., interim director of the Center for Sustainability speaks to confrence attendees during the the Sustainable Disaster Recovery Conference. Submitted photo
For the Center for Sustainability, Hurricane Sandy provided a well-timed, if sobering, teachable moment. During a keynote address to more than 100 attendees of the Center's 2012 Sustainable Disaster Recovery Conference, Mike Smith, senior vice president of AccuWeather Enterprise Solutions, presented satellite images of real-time updates of the storm's destruction. It was an ironic — and for some, personal — reminder of the importance and timeliness of the conference theme.
"Many of our speakers and guests were unable to attend because of the storm," said David Webb, program manager at the Center. "Others were stuck in St. Louis unable to get home because parts of the east coast were literally under water."
Approximately 200 students, government officials and industry professionals attended the Disaster Recovery Conference Oct. 29-30, presented by the Center for Sustainability, Greensburg GreenTown and GreenTown Joplin.
The conference sought to help cities stricken by natural disasters rebuild strong, livable communities by identifying ways to efficiently and effectively weave elements of sustainability into the disaster recovery process, while increasing collaboration among all parties working toward this goal.
"The conference was a huge success, particularly for an inaugural effort," Webb said. "We had more than 200 participants, including 40 speakers, and a diverse range of topics spanning building and construction, policy and government, the socio-cultural and psychological components of recovery, and personal experiences related to sustainable disaster planning, recovery and rebuilding."
Conference speakers included Michael Estes, vice president of BTI Corporation; Rob Threlkeld, manager of Renewable Energy at General Motors; and Eric Cesal, former program manager for Architecture for Humanity in Haiti.
While Sandy and the conference have passed, Webb stated he hopes that the ideas discussed and materials presented will continue to serve as resources for communities and their stakeholders. Presentations, audio, video, transcriptions of breakout sessions, and other resources will be available at the Center's website over the coming weeks, as well as a sustainable disaster recovery handbook that will be shared with participating communities, made available online and sent to future communities affected by natural disasters.
"The conference website will serve as an ongoing resource for sustainable disaster recovery — a place where the conference can live on beyond the physical walls of the venue," Webb said.


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PROVIDENCE – Massachusetts real estate firm R.J. Kelly has purchased the GTECH center for $51.5 million, the company announced late Wednesday.
U.S. Real Estate Limited Partnership sold GTECH's Memorial Boulevard headquarters to the Burlington, Mass.-based R.J. Kelly Co.
The headquarters broke ground in 2004 and cost Texas-based U.S. Real Estate and GTECH approximately $80 million.
The $51.5 million price tag averaged out to roughly $255 a foot, according to R.J. Kelly representative Christopher J. Knisley.
All contracts and commitments will be honored by the new company and remain as is, according to a release.
Knisley said the real estate firm was open to other purchases in Rhode Island on a case by case basis.
Monday, February 20
Thursday, February 23
Yesterday at 12:21 PM


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Local Industry and Contractors represented by AGC have made tremendous strides to regulate their industries and do their part in ensuring that they meet high industry practice standards in air quality. Since the inception of the Task Force, there has been consistent and strong representation from industry leaders. Utah Clean Cities, Citizens for Dixie's Future and the Southwest Utah Public Health Department have contributed to the strength of the task force, along with private citizens.
This year's keynote Speaker will be Alan Matheson, Environmental Advisor to Governor Herbert. The summit will have presentations by experts in the following fields:
• State and local Air Quality and Health issues by Colleen Delaney, Bill Swenson, Robert Beers
• Industry Best Management Practices by Dale Ipson
• Alternative Transportation Solutions by Larry Bullock and Levi Roberts
• Scott Hirschi, Director Washington Co. Economic Development Council will facilitate questions and answers.


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Written by David Richards
18/12/2013 | 16:15 |
Category: MOBILE
If you are travelling to New Zealand, Europe or the USA this Xmas you may want to have a chat to Vodafone about their $5 a day call and data plans because it could end up saving you hundreds of dollars.
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We loved this deal too, but it's no longer available. Check out our other awesome deals here.
Wrights Vineyard & Winery
From $40 for a Deluxe Gift Box - a Bottle of Wrights Entity Methode, Olive Oil & Wrights Dukkah (value $70)
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- Enjoy a bottle of limited edition Wrights Entity Methode Traditionnelle, perfect for Christmas celebrations.
- Grab a deluxe gift box which includes a bottle of Wrights Entity Methode, olive oil and dukkah for only $40 from Wrights Vineyard and Winery, including North Island delivery.
- Tick one thing of the Christmas list early.
- Perfect for those that enjoy some of the finer things in life.
- Liquor licence number: 027/off/28/2011
Last year you gave your special someone a pair of socks, the year before you gave them yourself as a gift and the year before that, was a discount voucher for lawn bowls. So it's probably about time you stepped up your game with today's deal.
Grab a deluxe gift box which includes a bottle of Wrights Entity Methode Traditionnelle 2010, olive oil and dukkah for only $40 from Wrights Vineyard and Winery, including North Island delivery.
With Christmas on its way and your list getting longer by the second, get something unique for that someone special with today's deal. At Wrights Vineyard they work from the grassroots to produce hand-crafted boutique wines in an ethical and environmentally friendly way. Their grapes are organically grown using biodynamic techniques. In the winery additives are kept to a minimum, to showcase the vintage, wines and terroir of the vineyard.
Wrights Entity Methode Traditionnelle is the only New Zealand made, organic certified Methode on the market. This is a fantastic drop – a balanced, elegant wine with a crisp palate, fine bead and creamy textured finish. Lifted citrus and floral aromatic notes. Their Methodes are made the traditionally way, as done with traditional French Champagne. Bottle aged for one year, hand riddled and manually disgorged.
So snaffle up today's gift box and delve into a glass or two of wine or gift it to someone special for Christmas.
Wrights Vineyard & Winery
1093 Wharerata Road
(06) 862 5335 or (06) 862 8746
Business in trade
Opening Hours
open 7 Days
ConditionsValid from Dec 8, 2012
Expires Jan 7, 2013
R18. Liquor licence number: 027/off/28/2011. Add $3 for South Island delivery. North Island delivery included. Email address and coupon number to email@example.com. Excl. PO Box & rural addresses. No refunds, no cash back, not to be used with any other offers. Expected delivery time frame: 7 days.
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Kingston Upon Thames
Bishop out of Residence
2 Bishops Hall, Kingston, KT1 1PY
LoMoC is hosting a Pamper Party in Kingston on Friday 1st March at Bishop Out Of Residence. Come along for a relaxing afternoon of pampering and socialising with other mums. You can book your treatments below and choose from the following:
- a 30min neck and shoulder massage £28;
- a 30min facial £28;
- a manicure £23; and
- a pedicure £28
OR opt for our SPECIAL OFFER: £20 for a shape and polish & a 15 minute neck and shoulder massage.
We will have babysitters onsite who will look after the little ones while you enjoy your treatments.
We hope to see you there x
Times and prices are subject to change. Contact venue before setting out.
Please login first.


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U.S. Department of State Background Note
Sponsored LinksTravel reviews & great deals at TripAdvisor:
Although human experience on the territory of present-day Russia dates back to Paleolithic times, the first lineal predecessor of the modern Russian state was founded in 862. The political entity known as Kievan Rus was established in Kiev in 962 and lasted until the 12th century. In the 10th century, Christianity became the state religion under Vladimir, who adopted Greek Orthodox rites. Consequently, Byzantine culture predominated, as is evident in much of Russia's architectural, musical, and artistic heritage. Over the next centuries, various invaders assaulted the Kievan state and, finally, Mongols under Batu Khan destroyed the main population centers except for Novgorod and Pskov in the 13th century and prevailed over the region until 1480. Some historians believe that the Mongol period had a lasting impact on Russian political culture.
In the post-Mongol period, Muscovy gradually became the dominant principality and was able, through diplomacy and conquest, to establish suzerainty over European Russia. Ivan III (1462-1505) referred to his empire as "the Third Rome" and considered it heir to the Byzantine tradition. Ivan IV (the Terrible) (1530-1584) was the first Russian ruler to call himself tsar. He pushed Russian eastward with his conquests but his later reign was marked by the cruelty that earned him his familiar epithet. He was succeeded by Boris Godunov, whose reign commenced the so-called Time of Troubles. Relative stability was achieved when Michael Romanov established the dynasty that bore his name in 1613.
During the reign of Peter the Great (1689-1725), modernization and European influences spread in Russia. Peter created Western-style military forces, subordinated the Russian Orthodox Church hierarchy to the tsar, reformed the entire governmental structure, and established the beginnings of a Western-style education system. He moved the capital westward from Moscow to St. Petersburg, his newly-established city on the Baltic. His introduction of European customs generated nationalistic resentments in society and spawned the philosophical rivalry between "Westernizers" and nationalistic "Slavophiles" that remains a key dynamic of current Russian social and political thought.
Catherine the Great continued Peter's expansionist policies and established Russia as a European power. During her reign (1762-96), power was centralized in the monarchy, and administrative reforms concentrated great wealth and privilege in the hands of the Russian nobility. Catherine was also known as an enthusiastic patron of art, literature and education and for her correspondence with Voltaire and other Enlightenment figures. Catherine also engaged in a territorial resettlement of Jews into what became known as "The Pale of Settlement," where great numbers of Jews were concentrated and later subject to vicious attacks known as pogroms.
Alexander I (1801-1825) began his reign as a reformer, but after defeating Napoleon's 1812 attempt to conquer Russia, he became much more conservative and rolled back many of his early reforms. During this era, Russia gained control of Georgia and much of the Caucasus. Throughout the 19th century, the Russian Government sought to suppress repeated attempts at reform and attempts at liberation by various national movements, particularly under the reign of Nicholas I (1825-1855). Its economy failed to compete with those of Western countries. Russian cities were growing without an industrial base to generate employment, although emancipation of the serfs in 1861 foreshadowed urbanization and rapid industrialization late in the century. At the same time, Russia expanded into the rest of the Caucasus, Central Asia and across Siberia. The port of Vladivostok was opened on the Pacific coast in 1860. The Trans-Siberian Railroad opened vast frontiers to development late in the century. In the 19th century, Russian culture flourished as Russian artists made significant contributions to world literature, visual arts, dance, and music. The names of Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, Gogal, Repin, and Tchaikovsky became known to the world.
Alexander II (1855-1881), a relatively liberal tsar, emancipated the serfs. His 1881 assassination, however, prompted the reactionary rule of Alexander III (1881-1894). At the turn of the century, imperial decline became evident. Russia was defeated in the unpopular Russo-Japanese war in 1905. The Russian Revolution of 1905 forced Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917) to grant a constitution and introduce limited democratic reforms. The government suppressed opposition and manipulated popular anger into anti-Semitic pogroms. Attempts at economic change, such as land reform, were incomplete.
1917 Revolution and the U.S.S.R.
First among its political figures was Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Party and head of the first Soviet Government, who died in 1924. In the late 1920s, Josef Stalin emerged as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) amidst intra-party rivalries; he maintained complete control over Soviet domestic and international policy until his death in 1953. In the 1930s, Stalin oversaw the forced collectivization of tens of millions of its citizens in state agricultural and industrial enterprises. Millions died in the process. Millions more died in political purges, the vast penal and labor system, and in state-created famines. Initially allied to Nazi Germany, which resulted in significant territorial additions on its western border, the U.S.S.R. was attacked by the Axis on June 22, 1941. Twenty million Soviet citizens died during World War II in the successful effort to defeat the Axis, in addition to over two million Soviet Jews who perished in the Holocaust. After the war, the U.S.S.R. became one of the Permanent Members of the UN Security Council. In 1949, the U.S.S.R. developed its own nuclear arsenal.
Stalin's successor, Nikita Khrushchev, served as Communist Party leader until he was ousted in 1964. Aleksey Kosygin became Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and Leonid Brezhnev was made First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee in 1964. In 1971, Brezhnev rose to become "first among equals" in a collective leadership. Brezhnev died in 1982 and was succeeded by Yuriy Andropov (1982-84) and Konstantin Chernenko (1984-85). In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the next (and last) General Secretary of the CPSU. Gorbachev introduced policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness). But his efforts to reform the creaky Communist system from within failed. The people of the Soviet Union were not content with half-freedoms granted by Moscow; they demanded more and the system collapsed. Boris Yeltsin was elected the first president of the Russian Federation in 1991. Russia, Ukraine and Belarus formed the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991. Gorbachev resigned as Soviet President on December 25, 1991. Eleven days later, the U.S.S.R. was formally dissolved.
The Russian Federation
In a dramatic speech in September 1993, President Yeltsin dissolved the Russian parliament and called for new national elections and a new constitution. The standoff between the executive branch and opponents in the legislature turned violent in October after supporters of the parliament tried to instigate an armed insurrection. Yeltsin ordered the army to respond with force to capture the parliament building and crush the insurrection. In December 1993, voters elected a new parliament and approved a new constitution that had been drafted by the Yeltsin government. Yeltsin remained the dominant political figure, although a broad array of parties, including ultra-nationalists, liberals, agrarians, and communists, had substantial representation in the parliament and competed actively in elections at all levels of government.
In late 1994, the Russian security forces launched a brutal operation in the Republic of Chechnya against rebels who were intent on separation from Russia. Along with their opponents, Russian forces committed numerous violations of human rights. The protracted conflict, which received close scrutiny in the Russian media, raised serious human rights and humanitarian concerns abroad as well as within Russia. After numerous unsuccessful attempts to institute a cease-fire, in August 1996 the Russian and Chechen authorities negotiated a settlement that resulted in a complete withdrawal of Russian troops and the holding of elections in January 1997. A peace treaty was concluded in May 1997. Following a number of terrorist incidents blamed on Chechen separatists, the Russian government launched a new military campaign into Chechnya. By spring 2000, federal forces claimed control over Chechen territory, but fighting continues as rebel fighters regularly ambush Russian forces in the region. Throughout 2002 and 2003, the ability of Chechen separatists to battle the Russian forces waned but they claimed responsibility for numerous terrorist acts. In 2005 and 2006, key separatist leaders were killed by Russian forces.
On December 31, 1999 Boris Yeltsin resigned, and Vladimir Putin was named Acting President. In March 2000, he won election in his own right as Russia's second president with 53% of the vote. Putin moved quickly to reassert Moscow's control over the regions, whose governors had confidently ignored edicts from Boris Yeltsin. He sent his own "plenipotentiary representatives" (commonly called 'polpred' in Russian) to ensure that Moscow's policies were followed in recalcitrant regions and republics. He won enactment of liberal economic reforms that rescued a faltering economy and stopped a spiral of hyperinflation. Putin achieved wide popularity by stabilizing the government, especially in marked contrast to what many Russians saw as the chaos of the latter Yeltsin years. The economy grew, both because of rising oil prices and in part because Putin was able to achieve reforms in banking, labor, and private property. During this time, Russia also moved closer to the U.S., especially after the terror attacks of September 11, 2001. In 2002, the NATO-Russia Council was established, giving Russia a voice in NATO discussions.
In the political system established by the 1993 constitution, the president wields considerable executive power. There is no vice president, and the legislative branch is far weaker than the executive. The bicameral legislature consists of the lower house (State Duma) and the upper house (the Federation Council). The president nominates the highest state officials, including the prime minister, who must be approved by the Duma. The president can pass decrees without consent from the Duma. He also is head of the armed forces and of the Security Council.
Duma elections were held most recently on December 7, 2003, and presidential elections on March 14, 2004. The pro-government party, United Russia, won close to half of the seats in the Duma. Combined with its allies, United Russia commands a two-thirds majority. The OSCE judged the Duma elections as failing to meet international standards for fairness, due largely to extensive slanted media bias in the campaign. Vladimir Putin was re-elected to a second four-year term with 71% of the vote in March 2004. The Russian constitution does not allow presidents to serve more than two consecutive terms. Next elections for the Duma occur in December 2007, and for President in March 2008.
Russia is a federation, but the precise distribution of powers between the central government and the regional and local authorities is still evolving. The Russian Federation consists of 89 regional administrative units, including two federal cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg. The constitution explicitly defines the federal government's exclusive powers, but it also describes most key regional issues as the joint responsibility of the federal government and the regional administrative units. In 2000, President Putin grouped the regions into seven federal districts, with presidential appointees established in Moscow and six provincial capitals. In March 2004, the Constitution was amended to permit the merger of some regional administrative units. A law enacted in December 2004 eliminated the direct election of the country's regional leaders. Governors are now nominated by the president and subject to confirmation by regional legislatures.
Judicial System
The Duma passed a Criminal Procedure Code and other judicial reforms during its 2001 session. These reforms help make the Russian judicial system more compatible with its Western counterparts and are seen by most as an accomplishment in human rights. The reforms have reintroduced jury trials in certain criminal cases and created a more adversarial system of criminal trials that protect the rights of defendants more adequately. In 2002, the introduction of the new code led to significant reductions in time spent in detention for new detainees, and the number of suspects placed in pretrial detention declined by 30%. Another significant advance in the new Code is the transfer from the Procuracy to the courts of the authority to issue search and arrest warrants. There are rising concerns, however, that prosecutors have selectively targeted individuals for political reasons, as in the prosecution of Yukos Oil CEO Mikhail Khodorkovskiy.
In spite of the general tendency to increase judicial independence (for example, by recent considerable salary raise to judges), many judges still see their role not as of impartial and independent arbiters, but as of government officials protecting state interests. See below for more information on the commercial court/business law.
Human Rights
The judiciary is often subject to manipulation by political authorities and is plagued by large case backlogs and trial delays. Lengthy pretrial detention remains a serious problem. Russia has one of the highest prison population rates in the world, at 685 per 100,000. There are credible reports of beating and torture of inmates and detainees by law enforcement and correctional officials. Prison conditions fall well below international standards. In 2001, President Putin pronounced a moratorium on the death penalty. There are reports that the Russian Government might still be violating promises they made upon entering the European Council, especially in terms of prison control and conditions.
In Chechnya, there have been credible allegations of violations of international human rights and humanitarian law committed by Russian and pro-Moscow Chechen forces. Chechen rebels also have committed abuses as well as acts of terrorism. Human rights groups have criticized Russian officials concerning cases of Chechens disappearing while in custody. Chechen rebels have similarly been responsible for politically motivated disappearances. Russian authorities have introduced some improvements, including better access to complaint mechanisms, the formal opening of investigations in most cases, and the introduction of two decrees requiring the presence of civilian investigators and other nonmilitary personnel during all large-scale military operations and targeted search and seizure operations. Human rights groups welcome these changes but claim that most abuses remain uninvestigated and unpunished and may be spreading more broadly in the North Caucasus.
The Russian constitution provides for freedom of religion and the equality of all religions before the law, as well as the separation of church and state. Although Jews and Muslims continue to encounter prejudice and societal discrimination, they have not been inhibited by the government in the free practice of their religion. High-ranking federal officials have condemned anti-Semitic hate crimes, but law enforcement bodies have not always effectively prosecuted those responsible. The influx of foreign missionaries has led to pressure by groups in Russia, specifically nationalists and the Russian Orthodox Church, to limit the activities of these "nontraditional" religious groups. In response, the Duma passed a restrictive and potentially discriminatory law on religion in October 1997. The law is complex, with many ambiguous and contradictory provisions. The law's most controversial provisions distinguish between religious "groups" and "organizations" and introduce a 15-year rule, which allows groups that have been in existence for 15 years or longer to obtain accredited status. Senior Russian officials have pledged to implement the 1997 law on religion in a manner that is not in conflict with Russia's international human rights obligations. Some local officials, however, have used the law as a pretext to restrict religious liberty.
Government pressure continued to weaken freedom of expression and the independence and freedom of some media, particularly major national television networks and regional electronic media outlets. A government decision resulted in the elimination of the last major non-state television network in 2003. National press is also increasingly in government hands or owned by government officials, narrowing the scope of opinion available. Self-censorship is a growing press problem. Unsolved murders of journalists, including the killing of respected investigative reporter Anna Politkovskaya in October 2006, have caused significant international concern and increased pressure on journalists to avoid subjects considered sensitive. In August 2007, authorities arrested several suspects in connection with the Politkovksaya case.
Enactment of a new law on foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in 2006 was criticized in many quarters as a device to control civil society. Implementing regulations appear to impose onerous paperwork reporting burdens on NGOs that could be used to limit or even suppress some of them. This law was used to shut down an NGO for the first time in January 2007 on the basis of extremism charges; however, most foreign NGOs have successfully re-registered. Domestic NGOs were not required to re-register, but are required to meeting new reporting requirements.
The constitution guarantees citizens the right to choose their place of residence and to travel abroad. Some big-city governments, however, have restricted this right through residential registration rules that closely resemble the Soviet-era "propiska" regulations. Although the rules were touted as a notification device rather than a control system, their implementation has produced many of the same results as the propiska system. The freedom to travel abroad and emigrate is respected although restrictions may apply to those who have had access to state secrets. Recognizing this progress, since 1994, the U.S. President has found Russia to be in full compliance with the provisions of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment.
Principal Government Officials
The Russian Federation maintains an embassy at 2650 Wisconsin Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20007 (tel. 202-298-5700) and a consular section at 2641 Tunlaw Road, Washington, DC (tel. 202-939-8907/8913/8918). Russian consulates also are located in Houston, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle.
A strong expansion in domestic demand continues to drive GDP growth, despite a slowdown in manufacturing. GDP growth and industrial production for 2006 were 6.7% and 4.8%, respectively, relative to 6.4% and 5.7% in 2005. GDP growth is currently derived from non-tradable sectors, but investment remains concentrated in tradables (oil and gas). Construction was the fastest growing sector of the economy, expanding by 14% in 2006. The main private sector services--wholesale & retail trade, banking & insurance, and transportation & communications--showed strong growth of about 10%. In contrast, public sector services--education, health care, and public administration--lagged behind with only 2-4% growth in 2006. Recent productivity growth has still been strong in some parts of domestic manufacturing. Real disposable incomes grew by 10.2% in 2006, spurring considerable growth in private consumption.
Monetary Policy
Government Spending/Taxation
Commercial Law
Natural Resources
Although still small by international standards, the Russian banking sector is growing fast and is becoming a larger source of investment funds. To meet a growing demand for loans, which they were unable to cover with domestic deposits, Russian banks borrowed heavily abroad in 2006, accounting for two-thirds of the private-sector capital inflows in that year. Ruble lending has increased since the October 1998 financial crisis, and in 2006 loans were 63% of total bank assets, with consumer loans posting the fastest growth at 74% that same year. Fewer Russians prefer to keep their money outside the banking sector, the recent appreciation of the ruble against the dollar has persuaded many Russians to keep their money in rubles or other currencies such as the euro, and retail deposits grew by 65% in 2006. Despite recent growth, the poorly developed banking system, along with contradictory regulations across banking, bond, and equity markets, still makes it difficult for entrepreneurs to raise capital as well as to permit capital transfer from a capital-rich sector such as energy to capital-poor sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing and to diversify risk. Banks still perceive small and medium commercial lending as risky, and some banks are inexperienced with assessing credit risk, though the situation is improving. In 2003, Russia enacted a deposit insurance law to protect deposits up to 100,000 rubles (about $3,700) per depositor, and a bill is currently in the Duma, which if passed will increase this coverage to 190,000 rubles (about $7,000) per depositor.
Russia's overall trade surplus in 2006 was $139 billion, up from $118 billion in 2005. World prices continue to have a major effect on export performance, since commodities--particularly oil, natural gas, metals, and timber--comprise 80% of Russian exports. Russian GDP growth and the surplus/deficit in the Russian Federation state budget are closely linked to world oil prices.
Russia is in the process of negotiating terms of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The U.S. and Russia concluded a bilateral WTO accession agreement in late 2006, and negotiations continue in 2007 on meeting WTO requirements for accession. Russia reports that it has yet to conclude bilateral agreements with Saudi Arabia and Georgia.
According to the 2005 U.S. Trade Representative's National Trade Estimate, Russia continues to maintain a number of barriers with respect to imports, including tariffs and tariff-rate quotas; discriminatory and prohibitive charges and fees; and discriminatory licensing, registration, and certification regimes. Discussions continue within the context of Russia's WTO accession to eliminate these measures or modify them to be consistent with internationally accepted trade policy practices. Non-tariff barriers are frequently used to restrict foreign access to the market and are also a significant topic in Russia's WTO negotiations. In addition, large losses to U.S. audiovisual and other companies in Russia owing to poor enforcement of intellectual property rights in Russia is an ongoing irritant in U.S.-Russia trade relations. Russia continues to work to bring its technical regulations, including those related to product and food safety, into conformity with international standards.
Russia's efforts to transform its Soviet-legacy military into a smaller, lighter and more mobile force continue to be hampered by an ossified military leadership, discipline problems and human rights violations, limited funding and demographics. Recent steps by the Government of Russia suggest a desire to reform. There has been an increased emphasis on practical training, and the government is introducing bills to improve the organization of the military.
Despite recent increases in the budget, however, defense spending is still unable to sustain Russia's oversized military. Current troop strength, estimated at 1.1 million, is large in comparison to Russia's GDP and military budget, which continues to make the process of transformation to a professional army difficult. This is the result of the Soviet legacy and military thinking that has changed little since the Cold War. Senior Russian leaders continue to emphasize a reliance on a large strategic nuclear force capable of deterring a massive nuclear attack.
Russian military salaries are low. Theoretically, the army provides all necessities, but housing and food shortages continue to plague the armed forces. Problems with both discipline and brutal hazing are common as well. HIV infection rates in the Russian army are estimated to be between two to five times higher than in the general population, and tuberculosis is a persistent problem.
Such conditions continue to encourage draft evasion and efforts to delay military service. Although the available manpower (males 15-49) for the Russian Armed Forces was projected at 35.2 million in 2005, only approximately 11% of eligible males do military service. Moreover, military officials complain that new recruit cohorts are plagued by increasing incidences of poor education, communicable diseases and criminality.
The Russian Government has stated a desire to convert to a professional army, but implementation has been delayed repeatedly. Current plans envision a transition to a mixed force, in which professional soldiers fill the ranks of select units and conscription is gradually phased out. Some officials have talked of developing a non-commissioned officer corps to lead the professional army, but the military has yet to make any concrete investments in training or facilities that would begin this process.
In the years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia took important steps to become a full partner in the world's principal political groupings. On December 27, 1991, Russia assumed the permanent UN Security Council seat formerly held by the Soviet Union. Russia also is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Russia and the European Union (EU) signed a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. It signed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Partnership for Peace initiative in 1994. The NATO-Russia Founding Act in 1997 and the NATO-Russia Council superseded that in 2002. Russia acquiesced (despite misgivings) in enlargement of NATO by members first of the former Warsaw Pact and most recently by the Baltic states that had been forcibly integrated into the Soviet Union.
Over the past several years Russia has increased its international profile, played an increasing role in regional issues, and been more assertive in dealing with its neighbors. The rise in energy prices has given it leverage over countries which are dependent on Russian sources. Russia continues to support separatist regimes in Georgia and Moldova.
For more detailed information on U.S. Government assistance to Russia, please see the annual reports to Congress on U.S. Government Assistance to and Cooperative Activities with Eurasia, which are available in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs section on the State Department's website. A fact sheet on FY 2006 U.S. Assistance to Russia can be found at http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/fs/66166.htm.
Principal U.S. Embassy Officials
See also the Key Officers List
The U.S. Embassy is located in Russia at Bolshoy Devyatinskiy Pereulok, Number 8, 121099 Moscow (tel. [7](095) 728-5000; fax: [7](095) 728-5090).
Consulates General
In Moscow, the U.S. Commercial Office is located at Bolshaya Molchanovka 23/38 (tel. [7](095) 737-5030; fax: [7](095) 737-5033).
For the latest security information, Americans living and traveling abroad should regularly monitor the Department's Bureau of Consular Affairs Internet web site at http://www.travel.state.gov, where the current Worldwide Caution, Public Announcements, and Travel Warnings can be found. Consular Affairs Publications, which contain information on obtaining passports and planning a safe trip abroad, are also available at http://www.travel.state.gov. For additional information on international travel, see http://www.usa.gov/Citizen/Topics/Travel/International.shtml.
The Department of State encourages all U.S citizens traveling or residing abroad to register via the State Department's travel registration website or at the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate abroad. Registration will make your presence and whereabouts known in case it is necessary to contact you in an emergency and will enable you to receive up-to-date information on security conditions.
Emergency information concerning Americans traveling abroad may be obtained by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll free in the U.S. and Canada or the regular toll line 1-202-501-4444 for callers outside the U.S. and Canada.
The National Passport Information Center (NPIC) is the U.S. Department of State's single, centralized public contact center for U.S. passport information. Telephone: 1-877-4USA-PPT (1-877-487-2778). Customer service representatives and operators for TDD/TTY are available Monday-Friday, 7:00 a.m. to 12:00 midnight, Eastern Time, excluding federal holidays.
Travelers can check the latest health information with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. A hotline at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) and a web site at http://www.cdc.gov/travel/index.htm give the most recent health advisories, immunization recommendations or requirements, and advice on food and drinking water safety for regions and countries. A booklet entitled "Health Information for International Travel" (HHS publication number CDC-95-8280) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, tel. (202) 512-1800.
Further Electronic Information
Export.gov provides a portal to all export-related assistance and market information offered by the federal government and provides trade leads, free export counseling, help with the export process, and more.STAT-USA/Internet, a service of the U.S. Department of Commerce, provides authoritative economic, business, and international trade information from the Federal government. The site includes current and historical trade-related releases, international market research, trade opportunities, and country analysis and provides access to the National Trade Data Bank.
Revised: Sep. 2007


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In the race for Littleton City Council, incumbents Bruce Beckman and Bruce Stahlman are being challenged by James Dean and John Watson for the two open at-large seats. Running unopposed are newcomer Randy Stein in District 1 and incumbent Phil Cernanec in District 3. Colorado Community Newspapers asked all six candidates a series of questions, and their answers are below.
Bruce Beckman
Beckman and his wife, Susan, a former Arapahoe County commissioner and former Littleton City Council member, have lived in Littleton for more than 20 years. He retired from the Littleton Police Department as a division chief in 2011.
Beckman earned a bachelor's degree from Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Va., and a master's degree in public administration from the University of Northern Colorado.
Why are you seeking this office?
It has been an honor to represent the community as a councilmember at large for the past two years. It was an easy decision to run again. I still have work to do and would like to be kept on the job. Any successful and effective candidate for city council must, above all else, love Littleton and want the best for the community. That describes me. I have lived a wonderful life here and believe that I have skills to offer that will help to ensure that Littleton remains a wonderful place for others.
What makes you the best person for the job?
My roots are deep here. I spent 40 years working, living and raising a family in Littleton. I have the sense of history about what makes Littleton special. When making important decisions and voting, I put the neighborhoods first. I know that makes a difference. I like people and care about what they have to say. I know that the best ideas come from others. My personal goal is always to leave things better than I found them. That is my goal on council. I have a voting record that supports my beliefs.
What do you believe is the most important issue facing Littleton and how will you approach it, if elected?
The most important issue facing Littleton is how to protect the quality of life in our neighborhoods while dealing with slightly increasing city tax revenue and greatly increasing cost of services. The next council will make decisions concerning economic vitality for businesses located in town, face pressure for higher-density housing, and consider redevelopment of the retail sales base that provides most of the revenue for city services. These challenges are coming. Council involvement is required because of changes in the metro Denver area and the changes in our economy. City council must set, and follow, policies that protect the quality of life of those who live here now. Council must make decisions that, above all else, ensure the positive future for our city without losing the unique community that we know as Littleton. I am optimistic about our future, but recognize the challenge of protecting our neighborhoods.
James Dean
The political newcomer lives in Trailmark and wants to help his neighborhood, across Wadsworth Boulevard from Chatfield Reservoir, feel more connected to the city.
Dean has a master's degree in communications and broadcast journalism from Brigham Young University. He owns Colorado Care Rehab Inc., which sells orthopedic medical devices. He and his wife, Mindy, have lived in Littleton since 2003 and have six kids.
Why are you seeking this office?
I am seeking office to try and give a voice back to all citizens of the City of Littleton. There are many outlying communities that have been neglected and looked at as an obligation rather than an important part of the community. I believe this has caused the council to make decisions that are not in the best interest for all of the City of Littleton. I hope to give some representation to those on the outskirts and bring some common sense back to city government. I want give better support to our public service, police, fire and paramedics who are struggling for resources.
What make you the best person for the job?
I believe I am the best person for the job because of my business experience. Running a successful business requires the ability to think outside the box. When the income doesn't quite match the expenses, it is common sense that some trimming needs to happen. … I also have the important negotiation skills necessary to run a business and to make a city council more effective in its endeavors. Listening is another important cog to making things work in the most effective way and not just as someone in authority sees fit.
What do you believe is the most important issue facing Littleton and how will you approach it, if elected?
Because Littleton is landlocked, it is extremely important that we are very careful in how we use the existing land. There needs to be a balance to maintaining the wonderful community that we have while also ensuring enough economic growth to support the city so that its citizens don't get stuck with higher taxes. There have been some very bad decisions to shove high-density housing into areas that could have been a great economic growth location. When the economy is more stable, we will see a higher vacancy in those apartments, which will be detrimental to the city. I think the most important issue facing our city is lack of clear vision. This year, the state government has allotted almost $6 million to attract businesses and tourism and I would like to use that money to help grow the future for the City of Littleton.
Bruce Stahlman
Stahlman believes his background in finance and management has served the community well for the last four years, and he hopes to continue to focus on tax savings, encouraging job growth and enhancing citizens' quality of life.
Stahlman has lived in Littleton for 18 years. He and his wife of 28 years, Kelly, have three children. He holds a bachelor's degree in economics and management from Albion College and a master's degree from Indiana University. He is the chief financial officer of ARC Thrift Stores.
Why are you seeking this office?
I've thoroughly enjoyed the privilege of serving the citizens on council for the past four-plus years. Hardly a meeting goes by that I don't learn something new. Engaging people throughout the community I'd otherwise never have come in contact with and working to resolve issues has been particularly rewarding. Collaborating with organizations such as Littleton Public Schools and other regional governments has helped me expand my vision of the local landscape. The betterment of Littleton today as well as down the road is something I'm very passionate about.
What makes you the best person for the job?
With 32 years in international corporate finance, an MBA in finance from Indiana University and a CPA (registered), I'm comfortable analyzing budgets and the financial attributes of city projects. As chief financial officer of ARC Thrift Stores, I fully understand the fiduciary responsibility of a public trust and the need for services among the most vulnerable members of our community. Lastly, with my tenure on council, I have a wealth of practical experience and have deliberated issues thoughtfully, honored all people and focused on a balanced, positive view of the future.
What do you believe is the most important issue facing Littleton and how will you approach it, if elected?
The most important issues are (1) deferred infrastructure maintenance related to the recession, especially the streets; and, (2) repudiation of unnecessary federal/state mandated nutrient regulations on the wastewater treatment plant. Council will be considering alternatives to address needed infrastructure improvements over the next two years but the first step is to inventory the assets regarding priorities and costs. I will also continue to push for state officials to delay or mitigate the imposition of nutrient regs that force ratepayers to bear a substantial expense without materially improving plant discharge flow quality which is already well within certificated compliance levels. Our most significant opportunities are (1) the continued economic revitalization of the Broadway, Littleton Boulevard and Santa Fe corridors; and, (2) the ongoing river restoration project. Council's Economic Plan 2013 provides an outline of potential resources that may be utilized in support of business improvement and redevelopment.
John Watson
Watson and his wife, Val, have lived in Littleton since 2002. After retiring from a career as a self-employed real-estate developer, he now rehabilitates and rents out houses. He graduated from the Air Force Academy, then earned a master's of business administration from California State University and a law degree from Loyola University.
He started attending council meetings as a representative of Citizens for Rational Development, a group opposed to high-density development, after a new apartment complex was proposed across the street from his Meadowbrook home.
Why are you seeking this office?
I love Littleton and want to help the city embrace a vibrant future without losing the special characteristics that made us all want to move here. Open government, good schools, the museum, library, parks and open space, low taxes, and a family-oriented community are what attracted us to Littleton. I am concerned that we are sacrificing some of those characteristics in order to achieve financial security. I believe we can achieve a strong economy and maintain the character of Littleton that we love, but that will take some changes in leadership.
What makes you the best person for the job?
First, I have experience in land development, which gives me the knowledge to understand the financial considerations involved in redeveloping those areas in Littleton which need redevelopment. But more importantly, I am more committed to maintaining the small-town atmosphere and protecting the low-density family-oriented neighborhoods than other candidates. I have demonstrated that commitment by my positions on issues facing Littleton, my involvement in zoning issues around the city and my service on the Building Board of Appeals and the snow squad.
What do you believe is the most important issue facing Littleton and how will you approach it, if elected?
We must insure the economic future of the city and its citizens by carefully shepherding our last few vacant land parcels through rezonings. We must insure that growth pays for growth so existing Littleton residents don't have to subsidize new development. We must control spending instead of looking for more taxes and fees on citizens. We must respect all our citizens — especially our senior citizens. We must follow the charter and our code. Every decision I make and every vote I cast will be based on following the letter of the law but also the intent of the law. I will always seek to be respectful and fair to all citizens, regardless of their age or race. I will make sure that Littleton remains a desirable place to conduct business and that economic development is oriented toward helping citizens rather than increasing taxes. I will work to control spending.
District 1
Randy Stein
Stein is best known locally for renovating the downtown block that formerly housed Opus restaurant into a mixed-use project. He's a founding director of development company Skeena Holdings, as well as a professional mediator and a lobbyist. His largest contribution thus far came from the developer of the Littleton Commons, which will bring 385 apartments to County Line Road east of Broadway.
Why are you seeking this office?
I direct a real estate development company focusing on the reinvigoration and enhancement of underutilized assets and the surrounding community, with a policy to add value and future tax revenue to communities without causing harm. In 1994, I assembled and renovated eight historic buildings into a synergistic mixed-use project, sparking the revitalization of Main Street in Littleton. My goal at the time was to create sustainable value for the future while honoring the broad and deep history bequeathed to us by previous generations. … I understand the development side and as a longtime and committed Littleton resident, I'd like to give back to the community by helping to forge positive alliances and to lessen the disharmony that I believe has grown considerably in our small town.
What makes you the best person for the job?
With 30 years of experience negotiating intricate real estate transactions between and among the public and private sectors, I have a superior track record of creating mutually beneficial solutions, with a particular expertise in sensitive environments. I have worked with local government agencies in five states and I have the ability to anticipate and assess the goals and concerns of construction, commerce and land use related conflict.
I am also a professional member of the Mediation Association of Colorado, currently serving on its Legislative Committee, and a registered lobbyist for the General Assembly of the State of Colorado, where I am working with legislators from both sides of the aisle to effect reform in standards of practice, land use and homeowners association legislation.
What do you believe is the most important issue facing Littleton and how will you approach it, if elected?
Today's council is faced with decisions that will map out the city's landscape for the next 50 years. Recent and pending land use modifications have created a tremendous chasm between those who support significant change, and others who prefer the status quo. I have effectively utilized my expertise to assist third parties in resolving their differences through mediation. I have extensive experience in litigation management relating to various real estate matters, allowing me to facilitate the resolution of such complex disputes from a knowledgeable and logical business-oriented perspective; bearing in mind that there is a highly charged emotional component regarding this issue.
District 3
Phil Cernanec
An independent financial adviser, Cernanec was on the South Suburban Parks and Recreation Board of Directors before being elected to council in 2009. He's a member of the South Metro Denver Chamber of Commerce, the Denver Regional Council of Governments and the Colorado Municipal League.
Cernanec has been a district resident since 1990. He has more than 30 years of experience in financial services as an actuary, business unit manager, field manager and corporate officer.
He's been president of an early childhood education center and served with a variety of community organizations. He enjoys sports and outdoor activities, and has been actively involved with various youth sports clubs.
Cernanec is married to Cathy Schwartz, and he has five children from a previous marriage.
Why are you seeking this office?
Four years ago, my love for Littleton was strong, and now it is even stronger. My wife, Cathy, and I appreciate the support we have received over the last four years, and I look forward to serving over the next four.
What makes you the best person for the job?
I bring to the table experience and attributes that will continue to make a positive difference for Littleton. I have a strong financial background, experience with inclusive strategic planning, active business networking, and a track record of community outreach. I have lived in Littleton over 20 years, and bring forward a solid understanding of our city. During the past four years, I have been involved deeply in the city, with businesses across the metro region, with our partners (SSPRD, City of Englewood, fire partners, LPS and others), and have been open, engaged and accessible to the citizens.
What do you believe is the most important issue facing Littleton and how will you approach it, if elected?
Littleton currently has an abundance of empty retail and commercial space. This positions the city with challenges and opportunities. The role of government is to ensure there is "welcoming" and predictable environment for our existing and potential businesses. This comes through the city staff, enabled by policies from council communicated through codes, permitting, and approval processes. And also facilitated through awareness and availability of information regarding the community profile, potential space availability, etc. The efforts have begun with the revamped city website, the "business addendum," and council networking with the "nose for opportunity." Closely ranking to this issue is the continued nurturing of Littleton's strength, our neighborhoods. We have spent the last year or so developing initial plans for neighborhood grants, facilitating improved neighbor-to-neighbor communication, and continuing to do what's needed to have our neighborhoods safe.


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Video: Polk Audio UltraFit sports headphones
Tara W. has worked for Crutchfield since 2004. She writes about whole-house music and video gear, and works on Crutchfield's video team.
More from Tara W.
Tara W. checks out Polk's booth at CES, where athletes give the Polk Audio UltraFit 500 and Polk Audio UltraFit 1000 sports headphones a real workout.
Video Transcript
Tara: We're here at the Polk booth at CES 2012 where Polk is proving how well their UltraFit headphones fit. They have people jumping on trampolines behind us here and people wearing their headphones while doing that and the headphones don't budge. They stay in their ears. They don't move at all. So if the headphones can stand up to this kind of a workout, then they can definitely stand up to my workout in the gym or anyone's workout-running or anything else.


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$1,379 Per Person for an 8-Day South African Safari Tour incl. Three & Four-Star Accommodation, Safari, Wine Tasting & Meals (value $2,046)
Discuss this DealJoin the discussion
- Discover the real South Africa.
- Grab an eight-day South African safari tour with Encounters Travel for just $1,379 per person, including accommodation, meals, a safari and wine tasting.
- Enjoy quality three and four-star hotel and lodge accommodation along with a little camping.
- All meals are included and prepared for you on the road.
- Explore stunning mountain and coastal scenery and see wildlife like elephants and cheetahs up close.
- Enjoy an historical wine tasting experience and visit the ostrich capital of the world.
Forget what you've learnt from watching Invictus and All Blacks test matches. Discover the real South Africa....and it has nothing to do with guys named Pienaar or de Villiers. It especially has nothing to do with Matt Damon.
Take an eight-day South African safari tour with Encounters Travel for just $1,379 per person. The price includes quality accommodation, meals, a safari and wine tasting.
Traversing the South African coast from Cape Town to Port Elizabeth, this one week adventure tour takes you along the famous 'garden route' stopping at some of the most iconic tourist attraction that this wonderful country has to offer. Highlights include:
- Wine tasting along the historical Stellenbosch route
- A visit to a cheetah breeding centre.
- A visit to Oudtshoorn, the ostrich capital of the world
- The Cango limestone caves
- An afternoon safari through the Addo Elephant National Park
- The spectacular coastal and mountain scenery of the Tsisikamma National Park - home of the highest bungee jump in the world.
- An afternoon exploring the popular seaside town of Knysna
Tours can be booked for the following dates, subject to availability:
- 20th Jan - 27th Jan 2013
- 3rd Feb - 10th Feb 2013
- 17th Feb - 24th Feb 2013
- 3rd March - 10th March 2013
- 17th Mar - 24th Mar 2013
Unless otherwise specified, all meals are cooked and prepared on the tour truck. The guides do all the cooking, however you are welcome to share your culinary skills with the group. The more you join in, the greater the experience.
The accommodation on this tour is designed to bridge the gap between a basic camping tour and an expensive lodge holiday. Encounters Travel use good quality hotels, lodges and camps rated at the South African three and four-star level. Accommodation is based on twin or double en-suite rooms, chalets or bungalows. All couples will be given a private double room. Friends booking together will also share a room. You can find more information about the tour at http://www.encounterstravel.com/grabone_garden_route_tour.php
Email email@example.com for bookings and enquiries.
+44 113 2058184
Business in trade
ConditionsValid from Jan 3, 2013
Expires Mar 30, 2013
FLIGHTS NOT INCLUDED. Minimum age 16 years. Bookings essential within 14 days of purchasing deal. Subject to availability. Refund from GrabOne available within 48 hours of purchase if desired dates not available. Not valid on group or existing bookings. One coupon is valid for one guest. Coupons cannot be combined to extend stay. Coupons are considered redeemed once you have agreed to the merchant's booking conditions, available on the merchant's website. These will be provided for you to check. merchant's cancellation fees apply thereafter; coupon is subject to forfeiture. When purchasing and gifting vouchers list name(s) exactly as given on passport(s). Based on twin, double or triple occupancy; you may share with other people of the same sex. Pricing is based on multiple occupancy; single room supplements are not available. Min age 16 years. Coupon excl. travel insurance. Travel insurance covering medical costs and repatriation for medical reasons is mandatory; policy details must be provided to Encounters Travel at least 2 weeks before departure (policy number, name of the issuing company, and the policy emergency contact details); travel insurance covering cancellation and baggage is recommended but not mandatory. Insurance is available from Encounters Travel. Excludes meals not indicated in the itinerary, drinks, snacks, tips, other personal expenses (eg. laundry) & any other items not mentioned above.
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Audrey Brooke Metallic Croc Tote
Sorry, this item is sold out!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Item # 261582
The Audrey Brooke Metallic Croc Tote is perfect for the season! The stylish design and spacious interior make this bag perfect for traveling, work, or play!
- Metallic croc tote
- Top snap closure
- Flat handles with 9" drop
- Back zip pocket
- Fabric lining with zip pocket and two slip pockets
- Dimensions 14" x 7" x 15"
- Imported
Tell us what you think!
Everyone has an opinion. Here's your chance to share yours! Be the first to write a review of this product and help your fellow shoppers pick the best of the best.


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By Todd Vinyard
By Chris Kieffer
NEMS Daily Journal
If Earth was the size of a basketball, how big would the moon be?
Just ask students at Shannon Middle School.
Those students were visited last week by astronomer James Hill, director of Rainwater Observatory and Planetarium in French Camp. Hill spoke to the students about the solar system at the request of science teachers Tracy Leake and Tia Green. His appearance was funded by a grant from NASA's Mississippi Space Grant Consortium.
Astronomy is part of the science curriculum in sixth, seventh and eighth grades, Leake said, noting that Hill's presentation was particularly helpful in presenting the topic. Green agreed.
"The kids will better retain this information," she said. "In a classroom, you don't have time for models and visuals. It sticks with them when they see a presentation."
Hill directed a computer tour from the sun to Pluto, showing several facts and photos on a projector screen. He also used props to demonstrate the size and distance of various heavenly objects.
After holding a basketball that represented Earth, he instructed one of the students to grab a tennis ball, which represented the moon's relative size.
Hill showed the students how far apart those two objects would be – a distance that is equal to about 10 times the Earth's circumference. The scientist wrapped a rope around the basketball 10 times and then straightened it to demonstrate.
"It was helpful because sometimes we don't get to interact with what we do, and it helps us to be able to watch him and interact," said Shannon sixth-grader Kadie Edwards.
Hill also used a large yellow inflatable ball to represent the sun and a tiny pebble to show the Earth's relative size. He placed the two objects in opposite corners of the school's auditorium.
"I learned how far the Earth was from the sun," said eighth-grader Louis Lettieri. "It is a long way."
Hill said the Rainwater Observatory leads about 200 educational programs each year. The goal for his presentations is to spark a greater interest in science.
"We do this and we do several teacher workshops every year and offer continuing education credits," he said. "Hopefully reaching the kids and the teachers will get everyone excited about science. Enthusiasm covers a multitude of sins."
Hill emphasized math throughout his presentation, often instructing students to compute the answers to various questions he posed.
"Science education has really gone down in this country since Sputnik," he said, referring to several spacecraft missions launched by the Soviet Union that prompted the United States to increase its emphasis on science back in the 1950s.
"Science is hard because it takes math. It is a battle to have kids get excited about science."
Contact Chris Kieffer at (662) 678-1590 or email@example.com.


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50+: Live Better, Longer
U.S. Smoking Rates Keep Life Expectancy Down
Jan. 25, 2011 -- Life expectancies in the U.S. are now lower than for many other industrialized countries, and the nation's past love affair with tobacco is largely to blame, government officials say.
In a report released Tuesday, a panel commissioned by the National Research Council sought to explain why the U.S. spends more on health care than any other nation, yet Americans are dying younger than some of their counterparts in other high-income countries.
Over the past two and a half decades, life expectancies continued to rise in the U.S., but at a slower pace than those seen in Australia, Canada, Japan, Great Britain, and other high-income European countries.
The average life expectancy for men in the U.S. was 75.6 years in 2007, compared to around 79 years among men in living in Australia, Japan, and Sweden and between 77 and 78 years among men living in the Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and France.
The life expectancy for women in the U.S. is 80.8 years, which is lower than for any other high-income country included in the analysis except Denmark (80.5 years).
Smoking Time Lag
Americans now smoke less than the populations of many other industrialized, high-income countries, but this was not the case in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, panel co-chair Samuel H. Preston, PhD, tells WebMD.
Three to five decades ago, smoking rates were much higher in the U.S. than in Europe or Japan, and the impact of this is now being seen in the mortality data, the report found.
"There is a lag time of several decades between when people smoke and when they die of smoking-related diseases," Preston says.
The panel found the impact of smoking on life expectancy to be especially pronounced among American women who, as a group, both started and began to stop smoking later than men.
Smoking rates peaked for men in the U.S. in the mid 1950s at around 57%, but had dropped to around 30% by 1990.
Rates were highest among women in the 1960s and 1970s, when between 30% and 35% of women smoked, according to CDC.
Around 23% of American men and 18% of American women now smoke, CDC says.
The trends mean that life expectancies in the U.S. are likely to increase more rapidly for men than women in the coming decades, the panel found.


text: The TWiT netcast network (Petaluma, CA, twit.tv/photo), home to many of the world's most popular shows about technology, has added TWiT Photo to its listing of live shows. Hosted by professional photographer Catherine Hall and Chief TWiT Leo Laporte, each one-hour show introduces viewers to Masters of Photography, such as Scott Kelby, Ed Kashi and Art Wolfe. TWiT Photo is recorded live on Tuesdays at 1p.m. PST/4p.m. EST on live.twit.tv. Listeners can also find episodes of TWiT Photo on twit.tv/photo or on iTunes.


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Good Horse, Bad Habits (Paperback) Book
A go-to manual for any horse owner, this book addresses a range of equine behavioral problems, from the mild, refusing to stand still or tail rubbing, to the severe, rearing under saddle or attacking other horses. With topics broken into four main categoriesbad habits in the stable, correcting ground manners, problems under saddle, and the reluctant travelernoted rancher Heather Smith Thomas dissects each topic by addressing the source of each problem, providing solutions to the behavioral issue, and discussing what to do if the fix doesnt stick. With solutions to a wide swath of troublesome horse behaviors that are applicable no matter the breed or favored style of riding, this book, from a recognized authority on animal care and management, is sure to be a mainstay for anyone who enjoys riding and rearing horses.
- Author: Heather Smith Thomas
- Publisher: PGW
Read MoreLess
More Details
- Dimensions: 8.50 H x 0.75 D x 7.00 W inches
- Format: Paperback
- Number of Pages: 272 Pages
- Release Date: April 15, 2014
Availability: In Stock
Ready to ship in 5-7 Business Days


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Navarre Beach
Tucked away in the corner of Northwest Florida, you will find true paradise, beautiful beaches, bays and rivers. From the white sands of Navarre Beach to the lush forests and romantic rivers of the Blackwater River State Forest, Santa Rosa County destinations offer the chance to reconnect and rediscover. Stroll along the shoreline at Navarre Beach, bike through Gulf Islands National Seashore, camp or hike in Florida's largest State Forest or explore the Canoe Capitol of Florida on a tube, canoe or kayak.
8543 Navarre Pkwy Navarre, FL 32566
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