text:
Section 460:00
Section 460 – City of Owatonna Minimum Housing Code
Section 460:01. Title and Purpose. This Ordinance shall be known as the City of Owatonna Minimum Housing Code, may be cited as such, and will be referred to herein as this Code or Ordinance.
The purpose of this Code is to provide minimum standards to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare by regulating and controlling the use and occupancy, location and maintenance of all residential buildings and structures within this jurisdiction.
The purpose of this Code is not to create or otherwise establish or designate any particular class or group of persons who will or should be especially protected or benefited by this Code.
Objectives of this Code include, but are not limited to:
a. Protect the character and stability of residential areas within the city.
b. Correct and prevent housing conditions that adversely affect, or are likely to adversely affect life, safety, health and general welfare of residents.
c. Provide minimum standards for heating, sanitary equipment and for light and ventilation necessary to protect the health and safety of building occupants.
d. Provide minimum standards for the maintenance of existing residential buildings, thus preventing substandard housing and blight.
e. Preserve the value of land and buildings throughout the city.
Except as otherwise provided by the terms of this ordinance, any other ordinance, regulation or law, the city, its employees or agents will not intrude upon the accepted contractual relationships between landlord and tenant. The city, its employees or agents will not intervene as an advocate of either party.
Section 460:02. Scope. The provisions of this Code establish minimum standards for maintaining dwellings, accessory structures and premises. Such occupancies in existing buildings may be continued as provided in the International Building Code, with the following exceptions:
a. Where such structures are found to be substandard as defined in this Code;
b. Where present and future licensed rental properties are not in compliance with this Code or any other code, statute, ordinance or regulation and have not been granted a valid variance or deviation order or considered legally nonconforming;
c. Where continuation of such occupancy presents a clear danger to life, health, property, or public welfare.
Section 460:03. Applicability. This Code establishes minimum standards for maintaining dwellings, accessory structures and premises. This Code is intended to provide standards for housing, owner occupied and rental. Applicable requirements shall apply to all apartment units, homes, accessory structures, rooming houses, lodging and/or boarding houses and mobile homes used, or intended for use, for human habitation except rest homes, convalescent homes, nursing homes, hotels, motels or dormitories. Where any building or portion thereof is used or intended to be used as a combination apartment house-hotel, the provisions of this Code shall apply to the separate portions as if they were separate buildings. Dwellings, in existence at the time of the adoption of this Code may have their existing use or occupancy continued, if such use or occupancy was legal at the time of the adoption of this Code, provided such continued use is not dangerous to life, health, property, or public welfare.
Section 460:04. Definitions. The terms used in this section shall have the following meanings:
Subd. 1. "Basement" means the lowest story of any building that does not meet the minimum requirements of a first story as defined herein.
Subd. 2. "Court or Courtyard" means an area, open to the sky, at or above grade that is bounded on at least three sides by a building and having access to a public way.
Subd. 3. "Dormitory(ies)" means buildings owned or controlled by an educational institution; or spaces within buildings owned or controlled by educational institutions, where group sleeping accommodations are provided; or a series of closely associated rooms without individual cooking facilities, and with common toilet and bathroom facilities.
Subd. 4. "Dwelling" means a building, wholly or partly used or intended to be used for living, sleeping, cooking or eating purposes by human occupants; but not including rest homes, convalescent homes, nursing homes, hotels, motels, facilities licensed by the State of Minnesota as institutional occupancies or dormitories and may also be called a residence or residential building or apartment building.
Subd. 5. "Dwelling Unit" means a room or group of rooms within a dwelling, forming a single habitable unit and includes apartments.
Subd. 6. "Egress" means an arrangement of exit facilities to assure safe means of exit from a building with specific dimensions as required in this Code or any applicable code.
Subd. 7. "Exit" means a continuous and unobstructed means of egress to a public way. Exit includes intervening doors, corridors, ramps, stairways, and courts.
Subd. 8. "Extermination" means the control and elimination of insects, rodents or other pests by eliminating their places of harborage; by removing or making inaccessible materials that may serve as their food; by poisoning, spraying, fumigating, trapping; or by any other recognized and legal pest elimination method. Extermination shall include removing all signs of extermination thereafter.
Subd. 9. "First Story" means the lowest story in a building provided it is not more than four feet below grade for more than 50% off its perimeter, or more than eight feet below grade at any point in its perimeter.
Subd. 10. "Garbage" means all putrescible organic wastes resulting from the handling, storage, preparation, cooking or consumption of food.
Subd. 11. "Habitable Room" means a room used or intended to be used for living, sleeping, eating or cooking purposes, excluding bathrooms, water closet compartments, laundries, pantries, foyers, corridors, unoccupied cellars, accessory garages, porches, attics, stairways, closets and storage spaces, and utility and heating areas.
Subd. 12. "Infestation" means the presence of insects, rodents or other pests within or around a dwelling.
Subd. 13. "Kitchen" means a habitable space within a dwelling unit used or intended to be used for cooking of food or preparation of meals. No part of any kitchen may be within the bathroom or toilet compartment.
Subd. 14. "Nonconforming Use" means a use of land or occupancy that does not comply with the regulations of this Ordinance, but which did conform to regulations in effect at the time of original occupancy or licensing.
Subd. 15. "Occupant" means any person living, sleeping, eating or cooking within a dwelling unit.
Subd. 16. "Person" means any individual, firm, partnership, association, corporation, company or a joint venture or organization of any kind.
Subd. 17. "Premises" means the dwelling and its land and all buildings thereon.
Subd. 18. "Public Way" means street, alley or other place where the public has access and which is at least 10 feet in width.
Subd. 19. "Rent" means any consideration paid for the exclusive use of the dwelling unit, including, but not limited to, money, services or a combination thereof, paid or delivered at fixed intervals periodically agreed upon.
Subd. 20. "Repair" means to restore to a sound, acceptable state of operation, serviceability or appearance.
Subd. 21. "Replace or Replacement" means to remove all or a portion of an existing system or structure and to construct or install a new item of a quality similar to that of the item replaced when it was new. Replacement ordinarily takes place when repair of an item is impractical.
Subd. 22. "Rooming Unit" means a room or group of rooms forming a habitable unit used or intended to be used for living and sleeping, but not for cooking purposes, along with private or shared sanitation facilities.
Subd. 23. "Rubbish" means all nonputrescible solid wastes, such as paper, card-board, tin cans, glass, cold ashes, wood, clothing, yard clippings and similar materials.
Subd. 24. "Safety" means the condition of being reasonably free from danger and hazards which may cause injury or illness.
Subd. 25. "Sound Condition and Good Repair" means that the dwelling unit or its structural elements, fixtures, facilities or equipment are in a safe and acceptable condition and appearance and in good working order and operation.
Subd. 26. "Yard" means any open space, other than a court, unobstructed from the ground to the sky, on the lot on which a building is located.
Section 460:05. Inspections Under the Minimum Housing Code.
Subd. 1. Rental Licenses. Inspections of rental dwelling units shall be made as provided in Section 457 "Registration of Rental Unit".
Subd. 2. Inspection Upon Complaint. Any residential property within the city is subject to investigation upon complaint by any citizen or city employee. Complaints shall be investigated in accordance with the following schedule:
Complaints involving immediate substantial risk to life and/or safety: such complaints shall be investigated immediately by the City Fire Chief or designee to verify the existence of conditions presenting immediate threat to life and/or safety.
Complaints with a significant potential of risk to life and/or safety: Such complaints shall be investigated within 24 hours of receipt by the City Fire Chief or designee to verify the existence of conditions in violation of this Code or any other applicable statute, ordinance, code or regulation.
All other complaints: Such complaints against residential property, not outlined above, shall be investigated within 72 hours of receipt, or as soon thereafter as practicable, by the City Fire Chief, or designee, to verify the existence of conditions in violation of this Code or any other applicable statute, ordinance, code or regulation.
Subd. 3. Confidentiality of Complainant's Name. The identity of any person filing a complaint about violations of state law or local ordinances concerning the use of real property, and any information that would identify such person, is classified as confidential under Minn. Stat. § 13.44. No employee or agent of the city shall release or reveal such information except by court order.
Subd. 4. Penalty for Retaliation Against Complainant. It is a misdemeanor for any person to take retaliatory action against, harass or intimidate any person who makes a good faith complaint against real property within the city.
Subd. 5. Penalty for Filing False or Malicious Complaint. It shall be a misdemeanor for any person to file a false or malicious complaint of violations of state law or local ordinance concerning the use of real property.
Section 460:06. Space and Occupancy Standards.
Subd. 1. Substandard Buildings Generally. Any building or portion thereof, or the premises on which the same is located, where violations of this Code exist, or where the following listed conditions are present, to an extent that endangers the life, limb, health, property, welfare or safety of the public or the occupants thereof shall be deemed and is hereby declared to be a substandard building. All conditions noted below are regulated under the International Building Code and International Fire Code elsewhere adopted in this Ordinance Code.
a. Dampness of habitable rooms.
b. General dilapidation or improper maintenance.
c. Deteriorated or inadequate foundations.
d. Defective or deteriorated flooring or floor supports.
e. Walls, partitions or other vertical supports that twist, lean or buckle.
f. Roofs, ceilings or other horizontal members that sag or buckle.
g. Fireplaces or chimneys that lean, crumble or settle.
h. Maintenance of any public nuisance as defined in City Ordinance or state statute.
i. Maintenance of any nuisance which may be a safety hazard, including abandoned wells, shafts, basements, cisterns or excavations; abandoned refrigerators or motor vehicles; structurally unsound buildings or fences; or any lumber, trash, fence, debris or unlawful vegetation.
j. Electrical wiring that does not conform to the law in effect at the time of installation or any wiring that is not maintained in good condition. Such conditions may include, but are not limited to broken wires, bare or frayed wires, broken or burned outlets and switches, missing cover plates, fuses rated for more than wiring, and bypassed or defeated fuses/circuit breakers.
k. Deteriorated, crumbling or loose plaster or sheet rock.
l. Deteriorated or ineffective weatherproofing of exterior walls, roof, foundations or floors, including broken windows or doors.
m. Defective or lack of weather protection for exterior of structures, including lack of paint, or weathering due to lack of paint or other approved protective covering as provided herein. Exterior wood members treated with decay-resistant materials and designed to be left in an unpainted state are exempt from this requirement.
n. Broken, rotted, split or buckled exterior wall coverings or roof covering.
o. Any building or portion thereof, device, apparatus, equipment, combustible waste or vegetation which is in such condition as to cause fire or explosion or provide a ready fuel to augment the spread and intensity of any fire or explosion arising from any cause.
p. Railings, banisters, decks, balconies, and stairways that are broken, not secure or constructed in such manner as to present a danger to those using such railing, banister, deck, balcony, or stairway.
q. Inadequate heating, inadequate hot/cold running water, or lack of toilet, bath or shower facilities where required.
Subd. 2. Emergency Orders. Whenever the City Fire Chief, or designee, finds that an emergency exists which requires immediate action to protect the public health and/or safety, the City Fire Chief, or designee, may, without notice or hear-ing, issue to the owner of property an order reciting the existence of such an emergency and requiring the owner to take such action as the City Fire Chief, or designee, deems necessary to meet the emergency. Notwithstanding the other provisions of the housing code, such order shall be effective immediately and any person to whom such order is directed shall comply therewith immediately, but upon petition to the City Fire Chief shall be afforded a hearing, granted by City of Owatonna Board of Appeals. After such hearing, the City shall continue such order in effect, or modify it, or revoke it. Failure to request a hearing or take the action required by the order within five days of mailing or within three days of personal service of the order shall be a misdemeanor.
Section 460:07. Exterior Regulations.
Subd. 1. Address. The address of the dwelling shall be visible from the street and of contrasting color to the building. [2000 International Fire Code (IFC) 505.1].
Subd. 2. Roof. Every roof must be tight, without leaks, and kept in sound condition and good repair. [2000 International Building Code (IBC) 3401.2].
Subd. 3. Chimney. Chimneys shall be in sound condition and good repair and shall not be leaning, crumbling, or settling. [2000 IBC 3401.2].
Subd. 4. Gutters and Soffits. Gutters and soffits shall be in sound condition and good repair. Gutters shall be properly attached to the building to allow for drainage. [2000 IBC 3401.2].
Subd. 5. Windows and Doors. Windows and doors shall be operable, in sound condition and good repair. Broken windows shall be replaced. Rotting window frames shall be replaced or repaired. [2000 IFC 504.2].
Subd. 6. Trash, Rubbish, Abandoned Refrigerators, Freezers, and other Appliances. Trash and rubbish shall be properly stored and disposed of. Each dwelling unit shall have access to an enclosed container. No abandoned refrigerators, freezers, or other appliances shall be left outside the premises. [2000 IFC 304.1.1 and 304.3]; Section 920:00 of this Ordinance Code.
Subd. 7. Decks, Patios and Railings. Decks, patios and railings shall be in sound condition and good repair. [2000 IFC 1003.3.3.11].
Subd. 8. Retaining Walls and Fences. Retaining walls and fences shall be kept in sound condition and good repair. [2000 IBC 3401.2].
Subd. 9. Exterior Weather Protection. All exterior surfaces, other than decay resistant wood or other decay resistant materials shall be maintained to provide adequate weather protection to protect the exterior surfaces from the elements and decay. Any area with chipped, missing or blistered paint which is more than 25% of the surface area shall be repainted with non-lead based paint or provided with weather or decay resistant coatings. For purposes of this subsection "area" is that portion of a building surrounded by a definite break in construction that separates it from the rest of the structure. Examples of areas are: windows and sash, a side of a house, soffits, and doors.
Subd. 10. Foundations. Foundation material shall be maintained in sound condition and good repair and shall be free from gaps or missing mortar or defects that may cause leaks or structural failure. [2000 IFC 3401.2].
Subd. 11. Gas Meters. Exterior gas meters shall be provided with necessary protection from contact with motor vehicles. [2000 IFC 3126.96.36.199].
Subd. 12. Parking. Parking surfaces shall be gravel or stone at a minimum. Parking of motor vehicles on lawns is prohibited.
Subd. 13. Detached Structures. Detached structures, including garages, sheds, and other accessory buildings shall be maintained in sound condition and good repair and in the same manner as the main structure of the premises. [2000 IBC 3401.2].
Subd. 14. Grills on Decks. The use of grills, cookers, fuels, and fire pits shall not be allowed on the deck of any building with more than two dwelling units. [2000 IFC 307.5].
Subd. 15. Proper Storage of Fuel and Fuel Operated Equipment. The storage of the following within a dwelling unit is prohibited: (a) Gasoline or diesel operated vehicles; (b) gasoline or diesel operated equipment; and (c) cooking grills or other cooking appliances containing fuels; gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, and liquid petroleum. The foregoing shall be stored in a garage or other accessory building having a wall with a one-hour separation rating. [2000 IFC 315.2.5].
Subd. 16. Vegetation. Weeds, grass, vines or other growth that is capable of being ignited and endangers property, shall be cut down and removed by the owner or occupant of the premises. [2000 IFC 304.1.2].
Section 460:08. Electrical.
Subd. 1. Electrical Equipment. Every dwelling unit and all public and common areas shall be supplied with functioning electric service. All electrical equipment, wiring and appliances shall be installed and maintained in a safe manner in accordance with all applicable laws. All electrical equipment shall be of an approved type for the intended use of such equipment.
Subd. 2. Every habitable room shall contain at least two electrical convenience outlets or one convenience outlet and one electric light fixture. Every toilet compartment, bathroom, laundry room, furnace room and public hallway shall contain at least one electric light fixture.
Subd. 3. Electrical Service Panel. Access to the operating face of any electrical switchboard or panel board shall be maintained as provided in the International Fire Code and/or Electrical Code. Electric panels shall be in a condition so as not to allow contact with energized wires, contacts, or busses. Fuse sockets shall be furnished with proper fuses. [2000 IFC 605.3].
Subd. 4. Extension Cords. Extension cords shall not be used as a substitute for permanent wiring. Extension cords shall not extend through wall openings, beneath rugs or carpeting, or be bundled. Extension cords may not be used for loads greater than the rated capacity for which they are designed. [2000 IFC 605.5].
Subd. 5. Outlets and Junction Boxes. All outlets and junction boxes shall have covers that are property secured. [2000 IFC 605.1].
Subd. 6. Ground Fault Indicators (GFI's). All GFI outlets must be in sound operating condition. [2000 IFC 605.1].
Subd. 7. Bare Wires. Bare wires or wire nuts are prohibited except for low voltage wiring for speaker cords, telephone equipment, or doorbell wiring or knob and tube wiring in sound condition. [2000 IFC 605.1].
Section 460:09. Exits.
Subd. 1. Handrails. Handrails shall be continuous on one side of a stairway and shall be between 34 and 38 inches in height. Where a handrail has been removed it shall be replaced in compliance with the Building Code. A stairway shall be equipped with a handrail where a safety hazard exits. [2000 IFC 1003.3.3.11.1].
Subd. 2. Exit Hardware. Doors shall open from the inside without the need of special knowledge, effort or tools. Doors within common egress paths may not be equipped with hasps/padlocks, multiple locks, or double-keyed deadbolt locks. Night latches, deadbolts, or security chains are acceptable within an individual dwelling unit. [2000 IFC 1003.3.1.8].
Subd. 3. Lighting in Common Hallways. All public hallways, stairs and other exit ways shall be adequately lighted at all times. The level of light shall be maintained at an intensity of one-foot candle at floor level. One-foot candle can be approximated by having enough light to allow normally sighted people to see their own feet. In lieu of continuously operating electrical lighting it shall be acceptable to have motion activated lighting systems, provided such systems are instantaneously activated by movement anywhere within the public hallway, stair and other exit way. [2000 IFC 1003.2.11.1].
EXCEPTION: In duplexes and single residences conveniently located self-illuminated light switches controlling an adequate working lighting system which may be turned on when required may be substituted for full-time lighting.
Subd. 4. Exit Signs and Emergency Lights. Exit signs and emergency lights must be maintained in sound working condition. [2000 IFC 1010.4].
Subd. 5. Fire Doors. Fire doors when provided must be sound, positive latching and self-closing. Fire doors shall be of solid construction of approved materials. [2000 IFC 1003.2].
Subd. 6. Exit Ways. Exit ways shall be free and clear of obstructions including storage, furniture, decorations, garbage, snow, or structural problems. [2000 IFC 1003.2].
Subd. 7. Fire Protection. Fire extinguishers shall be provided as follows:
a. A 1A 10BC rated extinguisher shall be provided for each dwelling unit; or
b. A 2A 10BC rated extinguisher shall be located within 75 feet of each dwelling unit door. No extinguisher shall be at a distance more than 3 steps up or down from the door of the dwelling unit. All fire extinguishers shall be accessible. [2000 IFC 901.6.1 Standards Ref NFPA 10].
Subd. 8. Fire Extinguisher Maintenance.
a. All fire extinguishers shall be checked monthly and logged to determine that they are present and under proper pressure.
b. All fire extinguishers shall be inspected annually by a qualified person to determine that they are under proper pressure and that dry powder is not hard packed and that they are otherwise in good operating order. Annual inspections may be done by the owner with proper training or other qualified person. [2000 IFC 901.6.1 Ref NFPA 10].
c. Every six years all ABC extinguishers shall be recertified by a professional service person.
e. Proof of maintenance shall be evidenced by either a maintenance tag or maintenance log, or both.
f. The qualified person may be either a commercial fire extinguisher maintenance firm or the owner with proper training.
Subd. 9. Smoke Detectors. Single- or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed and maintained regard-less of the occupant load at all of the following locations:
1. On the ceiling or wall outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of bedrooms.
2. In each room used for sleeping purposes.
3. In each story within a dwelling unit, including basements but not including crawl spaces and uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwelling units with split levels and without an intervening door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice for the adjacent low-er level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level.
For dwellings built before August 1, 1989, detectors can receive their power from a battery supply. For dwellings built on or after August 1, 1989, detectors shall be connected to a centralized power source.
Listed single- and multiple-station smoke alarms complying with UL 217 shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and the household fire-warning equipment provisions of NFPA 72.
A smoke detector shall be present and working in the basement, if the basement door opens to the main living area. [2000 IFC – Minnesota State Fire Code 907.2.10.1.2].
The detectors may be battery operated or hard wired. Smoke alarms must be property maintained. Owners of dwelling units shall replace the batteries and battery smoke alarms at least annually or more often as necessary.
Smoke alarms shall be tested at least once monthly. Smoke alarms shall be replaced every 10 years. [2000 IFC – Minnesota State Fire Code 907.3.1].
Section 460:10. Fire Alarm Systems and Sprinkler Systems. Dwellings equipped with or required to have the following systems shall comply with the following requirements:
Inspection & Testing
Licensed sprinkler contractor
Detection & alarm
Inspection & testing (Low voltage/power limited)
Qualified employee working for a licensed alarm and communications contractor or licensed electrical contractor
Portable fire extinguishers
Quick check
Minimum knowledge necessary
Trained person
Inspection and Testing
5 years
Licensed sprinkler contractor or licensed plumber
Smoke Control/Removal
Approved person
Special Suppression
Inspection & testing
Approved persons
Systems in High-rise Buildings
Approved persons
Emergency voice-alarm signaling
Testing & maintenance
Qualified and knowledgeable persons
Fire Pumps
Test pump operation under no-flow conditions
Qualified operating personnel
Inspection & Testing
Licensed sprinkler contractor
All fire alarm systems required by the Fire Code shall automatically transmit the alarms to an approved central station, remote supervision station or proprietary station as defined in NFPA 72.
[2000 IFC and Minnesota Stae Fire Code].
Section 460:11. Interior Regulations.
Subd. 1. General Requirements for all Living Areas. Within all habitable rooms of a dwelling unit, including living areas, kitchens, bathrooms, bedrooms and basements, the following conditions shall be provided or maintained:
a. General Condition. Structural elements of the dwelling unit including doors, windows, ceilings, walls, and floors shall be in sound condition and good repair and free of fire hazards.
b. Electrical Wiring and Lighting. Electrical wiring and lighting shall be in sound condition and good repair.
c. Heating. Heating facilities shall be turned on and maintained at a minimum temper-ature of 68° Fahrenheit between October 1st and May 1st.
d. Security. Windows and exterior doors must be lockable and equipped with locking devices of an approved type. [2000 IFC 1003.3.1.8].
e. Occupant load. The minimum floor area allowance per occupant in residen-tial dwellings shall be 200 gross sq. ft. per occupant.
Subd. 2. Kitchens.
a. Cooking ovens, cooking stoves, and/or cooking ranges, if provided by owner, shall be in sound condition and repair and good operating order. Gas models shall be self-igniting and equipped with a shut off valve. Gas lines shall be in sound condition and good repair.
b. Refrigerators shall be operable, in sound condition, and in good repair.
c. The kitchen sink shall be operable, in sound condition, and in good repair and provide adequate hot and cold running water.
d. Food Storage and Preparation. Space shall be provided for the storage and preparation of foods.
Subd. 3. Bathrooms.
a. Ventilation. A window or mechanical fan connected directly to the outside shall be provided.
b. Toilet. Bathrooms shall be equipped with an operable flush toilet, fixed washbasin or lavatory, and either a bathtub, shower or combination. Adequate hot and cold running water shall be provided.
c. Door. A bathroom shall occupy an enclosed space equipped with a door.
Subd. 4. Bedrooms.
a. Means of Egress. All sleeping rooms shall have a primary and a secondary means of escape. The primary means of escape is the primary access to a room. The secondary means of escape may be a window meeting the min-imum size requirements set forth hereafter. All means of egress shall com-ply with this section and Minnesota State Fire Marshal Office Policy # INS-04 (2007) (Revised 6/27/2012) as attached.
b. Escape Windows. When required, emergency escape windows (second means of egress) shall be installed and maintained in Group R occupancies as specified in MSFC (07) Section 1026.1 and this policy. Emergency es-cape windows shall be installed in sleeping rooms and basements used for sleeping.
Any one of the following four options will substitute for an emergency es-cape window from a room.
1. An escape window is not required if the room has a door that leads directly to the exterior of the building.
2. An escape window is not required if the building is protected through-out by an approved, automatic sprinkler system.
3. Escape windows need not be installed from rooms of existing buildings having two separate means of escape, provided that the means of escape are independent and remote from each other and they pass through one adjacent non-lockable room or area.
4. Escape windows are not required in group R hotels or motels con-structed prior to April 11, 1983.
Sliding glass doors may be accepted as qualifying exit doors provided that the doors are maintained operational at all times [MSFC (07) Section 1008.1.2 Exception 4, MSBC (07) Section 1008.1.2 Exception 4].
c. Approved Emergency Escape Windows. When used as an emergency es-cape, only a single window in each room need meet the minimum size re-quirements listed below. The window sash cannot be removed to meet the size requirements and windows must be measured with the window fully opened by the normal window opening mechanism.
For escape windows installed prior to July 10, 2007*:
• A minimum of 20 inches in width
• A minimum of 20 inches in height
• A minimum of 648 square inches (4.5 square feet) of clear opening
• A maximum of 48 inches from the floor to the sill opening
Note: The above is considered the absolute minimum regardless of existing or window replacement.
For escape windows installed above or below the level of exit discharge on or after July 10, 2007:
• A minimum of 20 inches in width
• A minimum of 24 inches in height
• A minimum of 820 square inches (5.7 square feet) of clear opening
• A maximum of 44 inches from the floor to the sill opening
For grade or ground floor escape windows installed on or after July 10, 2007:
• A minimum of 20 inches in width
• A minimum of 24 inches in height
• A minimum of 720 square inches (5.0 square feet) of clear opening
• A maximum of 44 inches from the floor to the sill opening
Approved egress/escape windows may include any of the following:
• Double hung windows
• Sliding windows
• Casement windows
See the attached diagrams for additional description of acceptable escape windows and a worksheet for determining compliance with the requirements of the MSFC (07).
d. Escape Window Opening Height. Escape windows with openings up to 52 inches off of the floor may meet the height requirement (for existing buildings as applicable from Section 1.2 above) by securing a step, platform or bed to the wall directly underneath the window. This step, platform or bed shall be no more than 44 inches below the opening and must be strong enough to support the weight of the person. The minimum acceptable width shall be the same as the window opening. The minimum acceptable depth away from the wall shall be 18 inches. [MSFC (07) Section 1026.1]
e. Coverings on Escape Windows. Plastic coverings are allowed to cover egress/escape windows and exterior doors if the plastic covering meets the following re-quirements. [MSFC (07) Section 1026.1]
• The plastic covering shall be readily transparent. The occupant shall be able to readily see rescuers on the outside and rescuers shall be able to readily see people on the inside.
• The plastic covering may only be attached on the inside and can only be at-tached to the window frame or structure with two sided tape, hook and loop (Velcro) or static cling.
• The plastic shall have enough material overhanging the attachment on all sides, top and bottom to facilitate grabbing it from any direction and allow easy removal.
f. Window Wells. Escape windows with a finished sill height below the adjacent ground elevation shall have a window well. Window wells shall comply with the following [MSFC (07) Section 1026.5]. See the attached POLI-CY # INS -26 diagram for additional description of window wells and a worksheet for determining compliance with the requirements of the MSFC (07).
1. Window well size. The window well shall have a minimum horizontal area of 9 square feet with minimum dimensions of 36 inches. The area of the window well shall allow the emergency escape opening to be fully opened. [MSFC (07) Section 1026.5]
2. Ladders or steps. Window wells with a vertical depth of more than 44 inches shall be equipped with an approved permanently affixed ladder or stairs that is accessible with the window in the fully open position. The ladder shall not be obstructed by the window or ob-struct the opening of the window. The ladder is also not allowed to encroach into the required dimensions of the window well by more than 6 inches. [MSFC (07) Section 1026.5.2]
3. Covers on window wells. Window wells may be covered as neces-sary to keep the window well clear of debris, snow, and rain water and to help prevent people from falling in if the building owner wishes. However, the cover shall comply with the following re-quirements:
i. The covering shall not interfere with the opening of the window in any way.
ii. The covering shall be supported in such a way that it cannot become frozen to the ground, window well or structure.
iii. The covering shall be readily removable without the use of tools or special knowledge from the window well area by the building occupants.
g. Means of Egress for Existing Buildings. Means of egress in existing buildings shall comply with 2007 Minnesota State Fire Code, Sections 1027.1 through 1027.23.4.
1. Compliance option. Means of egress in existing buildings conforming to NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code) shall be deemed as evidence of compliance with this section.
2. Previous codes. Means of egress in existing buildings conforming to the require-ments of the Fire Code or Building Code under which they were con-structed shall be considered as complying means of egress if, in the opin-ion of the fire code official, they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life.
h. Carbon Monoxide Alarm Requirements. Every single family dwelling and every dwelling unit in a multifamily dwelling must have an approved and operational carbon monoxide alarm installed within ten feet of each room lawfully used for sleeping purposes. All carbon monoxide alarms must comply with this section and with Minnesota Statutes 299F.50, as at-tached.
1. In lieu of requirements of subdivision h, multifamily dwellings may have ap-proved and operational carbon monoxide alarms installed between 15 and 25 feet of carbon monoxide producing central fixtures and equipment pro-vided there is a centralized alarm system or other mechanism for responsi-ble parties to hear the alarm at all times.
2. An owner of a multifamily dwelling that contains minimal or no sources of carbon monoxide may be exempted from the requirements of subdivision 1, provided that such owner certifies to the commissioner of public safety that such multifamily dwelling poses no foreseeable carbon monoxide risk to the health and safety to the dwelling units.
Subd. 5. Basements.
a. Egress. Basement stairways shall be in sound condition and good repair and required handrails installed and secure.
Subd. 6. Utilities.
a. Furnace and Water Heater. The furnace or boiler and water heater shall be in sound condition and in good repair.
b. Clearances. The following clearances shall be maintained:
- Pipes – 6" to combustibles on single wall pipes
- Pipes – 1" to combustibles on new style double wall riser
- Combustibles are not allowed in the area around the furnace, water heater or boiler
- Wood burners need a minimum of 3' of clearance
c. Chimney Pipes. Chimney pipes must be clear, in sound condition, and good repair and the piping shall be stable.
d. Washer and Dryer Units. Electrical and gas connections shall be in sound condition and in good re-pair. Gas piping shall not have any kinks. Exhaust ducts for domestic clothes dryers shall be constructed of metal and have a smooth interior fin-ish. The exhaust duct shall be a minimum nominal size of 4' (102mm) in diameter. The entire exhaust system shall be supported and secured in place. The male end of the duct at overlap duct joints shall extend in the direction of airflow. Clothes dryer transition ducts used to connect the appliance to the exhaust duct system shall be limited to single lengths not to exceed 8 feet (2438mm) and shall be listed and labeled for the applica-tion. Transition ducts shall not be concealed within construction.
Subd. 7. Health and Safety.
a. Insects and Rodents. Rodents or insects shall be eliminated from dwelling units.
b. Housekeeping. Living areas shall be clean and free of hazards which may cause injury or illness.
Section 460:12. Violations; Penalty. A violation of this Ordinance shall be a misdemeanor. Nothing in this section shall prohibit the city from pursuing other legal remedies, including injunctive relief for any violation of this Ordinance.
Section 460:13. Severability. If any section, paragraph, phrase, or provision of this Ordinance shall be determined invalid for any reason, such determination of invalidity shall not affect the remaining provisions of this Ordinance.
City Code Index


text: Euphemia Bostock's Possum skin design is a signature piece for this artist, one of the ten founding members of Boomalli Aboriginal Artists Co-operative, Sydney. Bostock was inspired to create this design after viewing an incised 19th century possum skin cloak the Museum of Victoria some years before. She was struck simultaneously by the realisation that representation of material culture from south–east regions of Australia, including her own people, was scant in major public collections, and the desire to create contemporary versions drawing on her heritage.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Imogen D., a street style blogger from London, rocked an outfit that combined the best of opulent, luxe fabrics and a playful, polka-dot denim short. Winter is the perfect time to play with rich fabrics like metallic lamé, velvet, and velour—and if you want to keep things casual, mix it with a pair of jeans. The medium blue wash of Imogene's denim is a nice tonal combo with her jewel tone jacket, and the gold top's texture keeps the whole thing from looking like dress-up in mom's teenage closet gone wrong. We give her an A+ on the top half, though we'd lose the socks and studded booties for something a little more sleek.
Image via Imogen D.
—DT Staff
Tags: cut off shorts, denim shorts, gold metallic shirt, jewel tones, medium-wash, polka dot shorts, velvet blazer, winter fashion


text:
President Obama will try to rally his political troops in a Feb. 28 speech at the Democratic National Committee's winter meeting.
Obama will address the general session of the DNC's meeting, which takes in place in Washington, D.C., on Feb. 27-28.
"During the meeting, members will gather to discuss Democratic Party business and hear from President Obama and other Democratic Party leaders," the DNC said in a statement.
One major topic for the Democrats: Efforts to hold the majority in the Senate after the November elections.


text:
Hull's Edinburgh Heroes
Show type: Edinburgh Fringe 2008
Ladma vs The World and Scarlet Lights: Sheality
Hull's premier award-winning comedy groups return from their Edinburgh Fringe adventure to present a delicious double-bill of alternative comedy, and wage the ultimate comic Battle of the Sexes.
Original Review:
Part of the second Hull Comedy Festival, this double bill gave friends and family the chance to see what local performers got up to during the Edinburgh Fringe – and offers the sketch teams themselves at least some exposure outside the festival hothouse.
Ladma are a confident all-male trio, introducing short films they've made for the internet with some traditional stage banter; while Scarlet Lights are a loud five-women troupe for whom the adjective 'brassy' could almost have been coined.
The gents went first, in matching black shirts and colour-coded ties: Chris, the obligatory team leader imposing his scant authority on his underlings; Dan, the dumb-but-jolly one; and Pete, the cheeky, eager, woefully naïve foil. If you've seen Pappy's Fun Club, there are shades of the same characters here.
Like many such groups, their interaction is inescapably artificial, but it can lead to some good gags, especially when they flirt, faux-innocently, with hideous bad taste. Their opening skit, introducing some hilariously inappropriate new branding, is especially fine. They can't maintain the quality, but as live performers, they're likeable lads with some promise.
They are accomplished film-makers, too, and the bulk of their show comprises screenings of their professional-looking output. However, the content is shakier – taking easy, familiar subjects and doing little with them.
A spoof educational film introducing Southerners to their mysterious Northern cousins is clichéd and slow, only really garnering a laugh with a subtly-executed gag about needing translators. It feels like something Harry Enfield would have done a decade ago, only much better.
The mockumentary about internet porn, on the on the other hand, feels like a reject from People Like Us, complete with droll Chris Langham-style commentary. But the subject is too obvious with the supposed jokes coming simply from mentioning X-rated material.
Their Pet Hates short is much better; parodying the genre of 'taking heads' list programmes, it allows for a brisk list of observational one-liners which is hit-and-miss, but pacy and with a fair smattering of unexpected laughs.
All the films are well-shot and expertly edited; the Ladmas just need to bring their writing skills up to match their directorial ones.
Scarlet Lights storm on to the stage in an explosion of noise and energy, and don't let up for an hour, from the opening fake orgasm scene that makes When Harry Met Sally look demure to the gruesome prison musical number at the end.
But a bit of light and shade wouldn't go amiss: the relentless high volume, aggressive delivery and extravagant overacting does become wearing. To a woman, they all bring a forceful physicality to the stage, which can be impressive, but often it's papering over some very ordinary writing.
Unlike some all-girl groups, who aim to be deliberately asexual, Scarlet Lights ensure that all their sketches are about being female. The result can be mixed – banging on, even tongue-in-cheek, about their vaginas is as cheap as blokes obsessed with their knobs, but they are also very good at capturing the insecurities and bitchiness some women fall victim to..
Their better sketches step back a bit from the brashness, and nudge towards the realisitic: the drunk girl slagging off her 'friends' around the table or the singleton fretting after receiving an unexpected text from an ex. This partisan audience do go for the bigger performances, but the team might be best to remember the adage that sometimes less is more.
Reviewed by: Steve Bennett
Hull, October 2008
Older Comments
Mike - 05/11/2008
Thought it was great. Ladma was more to my liking very reminiscent to something Chris Morris would do, but for the current generation. Made my face hurt from laughing (which is something Frankie Boyle failed at). One highlight for me was a lady from the audience walking out in disgust! For some reason the mention of someones mum with one up the arse and two in the mouth didn't sit well with her Scarlet Lights in my opinion are very passionate about what they do and it shines through in the show. Very high energy and barely lets up, which with this many different characters wouldn't work any other way in a short time slot. Although I'd seen the show before the whole thing gave me a great feeling inside like a film you enjoyed and haven't watched in a while and then are reminded of its greatness by a second viewing. Both shows come highly recommended by me as chances are it's only a matter of time that at least one group will get snapped up by some one in the media and make them all super duper stars and start charging £20 to see them live.


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Skip to comments.Camden NJ, Fires Entire Police Force; Why Cities are Going Bankrupt
Posted on 08/10/2012 8:40:27 AM PDT by Kaslin
In an effort to rein in costs, the city of Camden NJ will fire its entire 270 member police force and instead will use Camden County officers.
Mayor Dana Redd and Police Chief Scott Thomson noted that for the same price, Camden can have 400 county officers on staff. That is nearly a 50% increase in the number of officers for the same price.
Of course the unions are howling.
In these cases, the county typically hires most or all of the officers at lower wage and benefit levels, but the article only notes a very vague "some current Camden officers will get jobs on the new force."
Why Cities are Going Bankrupt
Cities should strive to provide the most services at the least cost to taxpayers. However, public unions strive to provide the fewest benefits at the most cost.
Is it any wonder cities are going bankrupt?
Police and firefighter wages and benefits are crippling cities across the nation. Mayors are often in bed with unions rather than do what is best for the city.
I am a firm believer that every city under onerous police and firefighter contracts, most likely nearly every major city (if indeed not all of them), should do the same thing Camden did.
Camden Quick Facts
A quick check of City-Data shows Camden is economically poor with an unusual spike in home prices in 2007.
Racial Makeup of Camden
Home Sales and Home Prices in Camden
Median home price in Camden has been pretty steady at about $50,000 for 5 years. On above average volume, the median price rose to $400,000 in first quarter of 2008. What's that all about?
This was just something unusual that turned up while looking up the population of Camden.
median household income - $26.7K
what's the median police salary in that city?
Republican Scott Walker of Wisconsin did not fire a single "public servant" ; It's the Democrat party hacks who fire police, firemen, and teachers.
It is striking that most probably think of Camden as a black populated city, but it seems illegal immigration really is fueling this poverty.
All that beautiful waterfront going to waste because of what's behind it...
IIRC, police and fire were exempted by Scott Walker.
They can't continue to be treated as the Holy of Holies.
And that's MEDIAN pay.
Unless I'm mistaken the Camden County democrats have shifted the cost of policing Camden to the suburbs. This may be a "good" lesson for the nation. The democrat cesspool cities will swallow the suburbs. That already happened in large swaths of Northern New Jersey.
All Camden needs to do is triple it's property and business tax rates thereby tripling its tax revenue. All right thinking people know that tax rates never influence behavior so increasing the tax rates always increases tax revenue. It's an article of faith for the progressive democrats who govern sh!tholes like Camden.
Seriously, if they could figure out how to tax crack and meth, Camden could become Switzerland
Worked there in 1988 and my impression then was it was a low rent Philly suburb.
They'll always cut the services that hurt the general populace most, as a punishment for not paying enough taxes. The pigs will keep their third assistant masseuse on staff and fire all the police.
In the 1970s, 80s, and 90s governments hired employees giving them extravagant retirement benefits that they knew full well they would not be able to pay because "they needed to hire the best people and the best people would go over to the next city if they didn't." So every city offered wildly unpayable benefits. Now it is 2012, and employees want to cash in. The result is that cities will go bankrupt if they pay, so the cities now need to go bankrupt and renegotiate the pensions.
When we hear how many hundreds of trillions our obligations are, they are counting obligations like these cities. But we shouldn't worry too much because they won't get paid anyway.
Most Americans are unaware that one of the greatest threats to their freedom may be a United Nations program known as Agenda 21. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division for Sustainable Development created Agenda 21 as a sustainability agenda which is arguably an amalgamation of socialism and extreme environmentalism brushed with anti-American, anti-capitalist overtones.
Land cannot be treated as an ordinary asset, controlled by individuals and subject to the pressures and inefficiencies of the market. Private land ownership is also a principal instrument of accumulation and concentration of wealth and therefore contributes to social injustice
Gentrification. In Camden, yes, there is a high crime rate. But now Camden also has (1) a beautiful waterfront area with museums and other attractions, business offices, and condominiums; and (2) an ever-growing community of medical centers and hospitals.
As for the police force, every little town in NJ has its own police department and its own school district. This is the main reason why taxes are so high here. So there has been talk about consolidation. Of course, you'd think the suburbs would be first to consolidate their police forces. However, because every NJ town is now forced to have a percentage of "affordable housing," every town now has its share of criminals. (And, no, I'm not suggesting that everyone who lives in affordable housing is a criminal; however, there will be a percentage who are.) In a way, Camden has now pushed many of its criminals into the suburbs, and now it's building itself up. ;-)
I am currently reading Stanley Kurtz's "Spreading the Wealth, How Obama is Robbing the Suburbs to Pay for the Cities."
Basically, Obama hates the 'burbs as they are elitist and racist in his view. He will drain the suburbs of cash to fund the cities with the goal that residents of the suburbs will find that they will be gently (or not so gently) forced to concentrate in the cities.
Kurtz shows how he has been groomed for years by the Chicago "regionalists" and will execute this with a vengeance if he gets a second term.
Bingo. One Democrat plan now being discussed to "save" the cities is to merge the cities with the suburbs. Each county (or more) would then be just one political entity.
If that happens, expect everyone everywhere to end up paying for the foolish policies of the cities. And say goodbye to traditional small-town freedoms.
Since Camden is a safe city with well behaved residents, I am sure there won't be a problem firing their police department.
Equally shared misery. That's the way Dims will do ya.
(ruin the city, then spread the ruin to the suburbs via mass transit and runaway pensions)
NJ was an early convert to Mexican Farm Labor, (NJ's biggest industry: Agriculture) These immigrants ... many illegal ... directly affected Negro employment in South Jersey, moving them onto welfare and into urban centers.
Camden will play out in open warfare between Blacks and Hispanics. Idyllic suburbs like Moorestown and Haddonfield? Well, they had better make pals with the unusually truculent well-armed rednecks of South Jersey exurbia and farm country, because this ain't gonna be pretty.
BTW, New Jersey South of Trenton has little in common with North Jersey Soprano-Land and except for the weird and wacky shore, speak mutually unintelligible dialects.
"a low rent Philly suburb"
Word fail, Philly is an embarrassment already.
>>On above average volume, the median price rose to $400,000 in first quarter of 2008. What's that all about? <<
Probably didn't happen. More than likely someone misplaced a decimal point somewhere when doing the calculations. And volume was about average for 2007-2008, but falling, and continued to fall each year.
As for Camden firing its police officers, people seem to be missing the point that what they're really doing is replacing its own police with county police, because county police don't have the same level of pay and benefits as their own police get.
If it were CA, I suspect this move would be reversed by a liberal judge. I suspect the same could happen in NJ.
Until public employee unions are outlawed nationally, we'll continue to get more of the same....
Looks to me like some kind of drug deal laundering front using housing prices, perhaps... right during Fani Mae... hmm...
Didn't like Rutgers-Camden men's basketball team go like 0-60 over a few years.
City of Madison, which signed contracts with the various unions, is now looking to cut costs by 5%. Naturally, they'll start by looking at eliminating positions.
And the taxpayer, who foots the bill in the end, does not have a place in the negotiations.
Public employees should not be allowed to unionize.
If you could have hooked with the city back in the mid-80s...even as a low-life clerk in the parks department...you could probably retire today with a pension of $75k a year, and full medical coverage for the rest of your life. You figure a guy is 58 years old, and probably has twenty more years of life (especially with a four-star medical program), and this adds up.
It is a total failure of the political system to grasp the ongoing cost of retirement and allow this system to get some warped up. Course, a city council person who does sixteen years on the commission...likely takes a pension at age sixty of $60k (my humble guess). If you measure up sixteen years of work and the pay-off, that's not too bad.
Socialists use everything up and then there is nothing left but a wasteland.
Ditto that. I was there for a couple of months (in a Camden boatyard) in, oh, I think 1971. I can't anything about the good Camden of the 60's, but by '71 it was a depressing wasteland.
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text: Stanley and Joan Snow, of Spring Glen, celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary on Sept. 6. They were married in the Manti Temple in 1950. They have five children: Beth (Lee) Gotfredson, Becky (Preston) Wakefield, Kerry (Suzanne), Curtis (Reta), and Shauna (Jack) McCourt. They have 21 grandchildren and 24 great-grandchildren. The family held a celebration in Salt Lake in July to honor the couple.


text:
John Varvatos Driggs Chukka Boot
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Item # 276322
The Driggs by John Varvatos U.S.A. is a no-brainer when it comes to being stylish and comfortable enough for your everyday wardrobe. This boot gives you just the right amount of cool and will be sure to get you noticed.
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By: Coose
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February 24, 2013
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Location: Michigan
February 07, 2013
"Ordered these shoes online. Delivered on time. True to size. They are really comfortable and can be worn with almost any outfit. These shoes have become my new favorite."
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text:
Advisory Services
Contact us
Michael Green
MENA Risk Leader
+971 241 74400
Growth Drivers
EY focuses on the four big drivers of policy, common across all of the Gulf states, despite their many differences.
Global Information Security Survey 2014
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2014 Global Consumer Insurance Survey
Read our new survey done across 30 countries and find out why and how insurers must engage their customers in new ways with new value propositions.


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22 Easy 4th of July Dessert Recipes
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"I just received a beautiful, new Cuisinart bread machine and my daughter was asking if I could make sour dough bread in it so I'm thrilled to come across this recipe! I'm wondering though about how the ingredients go into the pan. Usually the wet ingredients go in first which is opposite of this recipe listing. Has anyone made this and is the order of ingredients correct?"
"I got a brand new bread machine for my birthday this week and I'm dying to try new recipes. I love Baileys and I feel like this will be a good one! I am wondering if the oats used are the instant oats or regular? Has anyone tried this recipe yet and do you have any special tips for success with it?"
"This recipe seems super easy and I love McDonald's pies. I like the idea of making them with different ingredients. I also like that you can fry them in a regular pan and not have to pull out the deep fryer. Has anyone tried these and do they stay together well or does the filling end up oozing out? Does anyone use a special tool for crimping or just fork tines?"
"I love having baked goodies like biscotti or scones on hand or when guests show up and have a cup of coffee. But when you get them at your local pastry shoppe or grocery store bakery they are so expensive. I love that they are not too sweet, and they have a nice sturdy texture - great for dipping in coffee or milk! The combination of cranberries and almonds works very nicely in these - kind of like a grown up peanut butter and jelly flavor."
"This cake will really impress your guests, but it is not as difficult to do as it looks! Tiramisu and roll cakes are two of my favorite desserts and this is the best of both worlds! When making chocolate desserts, I always like to add a little bit of coffee to them - it balances out the sweetness nicely."
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- 40 Szechuan peppercorns
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Place the spices in a mortar or spice grinder and grind to a fine powder. Transfer to a spice jar and keep tightly covered.
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text:
|Release Date: 06/14/13
Highway 50 reopens and Evacuations lifted at Royal Gorge Fire (06-14-13)
Cañon City, Colo. – Fire officials announced this evening that U.S. HWY 50 was reopened as of 8 p.m. All residents that were displaced from their homes during the evacuation from the Royal Gorge Fire were allowed to return home this evening at 8 p.m. Officials cautioned residents in the previously evacuated area that they will remain on a pre-evacuation notice should fire conditions change. Fire managers, working with cooperators, were also able to determine that the Royal Gorge Tourist Train can begin operations again, once the railway can evaluate when they will be able to resume normal activities. River access on the closed portion of the Arkansas River (from Spike Buck to Cañon City) will be re-evaluated tomorrow, as the incident managers strive to restore the important recreation features that have been impacted by the Royal Gorge Fire.
Today's weather, along with the hard work of fire crews, assisted in efforts to restore access to the residential and recreation areas. Cooler temperatures, along with higher relative humidity and light winds kept fire activity to a minimum. The fire is currently estimated at 40 percent containment.
Forecasted weather for the next several days calls for continued cooler temperatures and higher relative humidity. Tomorrow, fire crews will continue to construct, secure and mop up containment lines around the fire's perimeter.
Approximately 450 people attended tonight's public meeting at the Cañon City High School. Officials were on hand to share the news that U.S. HWY 50 has been reopened and residents could return to their homes, as well as answer to questions from the public. Public Information Officers will be at Macon Plaza Friday to answer questions about the Royal Gorge Fire as the community welcomes the Ride the Rockies participants.
Royal Gorge Fire Statistics at a Glance:
The BLM manages more than 245 million acres of public land, the most of any Federal agency. This land, known as the National System of Public Lands, is primarily located in 12 Western states, including Alaska. The BLM also administers 700 million acres of sub-surface mineral estate throughout the nation. The BLM's mission is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of Americas public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. In Fiscal Year 2015, the BLM generated $4.1 billion in receipts from activities occurring on public lands.
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text:
Savor Your Springfield Stay
Sample the best of Springfield and enjoy our free airport shuttle
Welcome to our tropically-inspired Ramada Plaza Springfield Hotel & Oasis Convention Center. We are conveniently located off I-44 between Tulsa and St. Louis, and only 30 miles north of Branson. Enjoy our proximity to the area's major attractions, including nearby universities, performing arts centers, and sporting events. Our Springfield setting aims to provide passionately attentive service throughout your stay.


text:
Huntington is getting ready for its Heritage Days Celebration. The Heritage Scholarship Pageant is set for June 19 at Canyon View Junior High. The pageant will begin at 7 p.m.
Each of the Princess contestants will be judged on interview with judges, talent, and sports and summer wear.
Each of the Junior Miss and Miss contestants will be judged on interview with judges, talent and evening wear.
This year's theme is "Turning Back Time." Last years Princess Queen, Kelsi Ekker; Junior Miss, Queen, Candice Jensen; and Miss Queen, Monica Weihing will be crowning their successors. Master of Ceremonies will be Tab Weihing.
Other special entertainment besides the three reigning queens will be by Courtney Sitterud, Heritage Days, Princess 2001 and Candace Ungerman, Heritage Days Miss Queen 2001.
Each of this years winners will receive scholarship money to further their education.
Heritage Days Pageant committee is: co-chairman, Loretta Bagley and Kimalee Allred; decoration, Jackie Weihing and Gina Sitterud; programs, Stefanie Bagley; hostesses, Kim Riggle and Tina Ward; and sound manager, Willie Frisbie.
There are five young girls in the Princess age group; 10-13 years old.
Tamra Luke
Tamra Luke is the 13 year old daughter of Ted and Joleen Luke. She will be performing a piano solo. Tamra has maintained a 4.0 grade point average this past year in school.
Jessica Jensen
Jessica Jensen is 12 years old. She is the daughter of Wayne and Juanita McCandless and the late Earl Jensen. She will perform a vocal solo. Jessica has become quite a cook and is famous for her cookies. If they are "JessaCookies" they are fabulous and quickly devoured.
Kennedy Kemple
Kennedy Kemple is the 11 year old daughter of John and Marlo Kemple. She will be performing a piano solo. Kennedy enjoys school, loves to read, loves movies and shopping and enjoys spending time with her family.
Sydni Ekker
Sydni Ekker is the 10 year old daughter of Kyle and Ruth Ann Ekker. She will be dancing for her talent. Sydni loves to dance and sing. When she is not at school or doing homework, she is usually dancing. When she grows up she wants to be a famous dancer or singer.
Samantha Putnam
Samantha Putnam is 11 years old. She is the daughter of Robert and Margarete Putnam. She will be reciting poetry. Samantha loves science and she enjoys studying about and making a volcano for this years science fair.
There are six girls in the Junior Miss age group; 13-16 years old.
Dallas Allred
Dallas Allred is 14 years old. She is the daughter of the late Pamela Allred. She will be performing a piano solo for the talent. Dallas was a basketball player for Canyon View Junior High from 2001-03. She has enjoyed taking piano lessons for the past three years. She has also played softball for the past three years.
Chelsea Killian
Chelsea Killian is 15 years old. She is the daughter of Kurt and Tory Killian. She will be singing for her talent.
Kelsi Ekker
Kelsi Ekker is 14 years old and is the daughter of Kyle and Ruth Ann Ekker. She will be performing a vocal solo. Kelsi loves to sing and dance and spend time with her family. She is a cheerleader for 2003-04. She loves to talk on the phone and hang with friends.
Brittany Ungerman
Brittany Ungerman is 15 years old and the daughter of Brent and Jackie Ungerman. She will be dancing for her talent. She is obsessed with Japanese things and wishes to study in Japan for at least one year.
Krista Ungerman
Krista Ungerman is the 15 year old daughter of Gordon and Sabrina Ungerman. She will be performing a vocal solo. She enjoys playing volleyball and softball. She likes hanging out with friends and family. In the future she hopes to become an interior designer.
BrittLee Ward
BrittLee Ward is 14 years old and is the daughter of Von Ward. She will be dancing for her talent.
For the Miss age group, there are three young women.
Hannah Jensen
Hannah Jensen is the 17 year old daughter of Wayne and Juanita McCandless and the late Earl Jensen. She will be performing a piano solo. Hannah loves little children and playing piano.
Holli Myerhoff
Holli Myerhoff is 17 years old. She is the daughter of Bruce Myerhoff and Tom and Loyette Holdaway. Holli will be singing for her talent. Holli is the head cheerleader at Emery High School this upcoming year. She loves to play in the dirt and mud.
Monique Stream
Monique Stream is the 15 year old daughter of Steven and Carol Ann Stream. She studies piano and has taken piano lessons for more than 10 years. Monique enjoys music and dancing. She was a cheerleader and will be a member of the Emery High School Spardettes Drill team for the upcoming year.


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Easing Sibling Rivalry
No matter how close or far apart you chose to have children, they will at one time or another experience jealousy towards one another. It's human nature, and not a result of poor parenting, so don't doubt your ability to raise well-adjusted children. Sibling rivalry can cause a great deal of stress in a young family. Children have to be taught by example when they're young, for it's not instinctive at birth that they know how to love and be kind toward one another.
When a new baby arrives, an older child may feel threatened or afraid that mommy and daddy may not love him or have time for him anymore. Some children feel resentment towards the new baby to the point of wanting to harm the baby. Toddlers may revert back to wanting a bottle if they have given it up, or, if they're potty-trained, may begin having accidents or wetting the bed. Others may talk like a baby for attention. This is all normal regressive behavior. If it goes on too long, or becomes a major concern to you, talk with your pediatrician for professional advice on how to best handle the situation.
Conversation can be a good starting point when trying to resolve sibling rivalry. Talk openly with your child when you first discover you're pregnant. Talk about what is happening in the family unit, why mommy's belly is getting so big or why there is new furniture coming into the house, maybe even into the child's room.
Take the child along to prenatal doctor visits and let him or her hear the baby's heartbeat. Include him in simple decision making, like deciding between two names for baby or minor decorating decisions in the nursery. Reading books can be an effective way to begin talking about a new baby and about becoming a big brother or sister.Here are a few books to look for:
There are things you can do to help your child adjust to having a new baby around the house. You could have a "Big Sister" or "Big Brother" party with cake and candles in their honor. Older siblings can feel left out or not important when they see the baby getting all the gifts and attention. If they're old enough, let them know how important their help will be with the new baby. Explain the ways you will count on them to help you with bottle feeding, diaper changing, bath time, and even bedtime stories.


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Pour La Victoire Nasha Sandal
Sorry, this item is sold out!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Item # 261147
Spice up your look in the Pour La Victoire Nasha. This platform sandal is absolutely perfect for your inner fashionista.
- Patent upper
- Ankle strap with an adjustable buckle
- 1½" platform, 5½" cork wedge heel
- Leather sole
- Imported
By: Roxanato
Location: Miami
April 28, 2014
Great sandals
"Amazing, sper confortable sandals, i would definitly buy them in yellow"
By: Margi2
Location: Chicago, Illinois
April 28, 2014
great summer sandal
"The color of the shoe is great perfect for summer. I purchased the Natasha in yellow and have receive many compliments. The heel height good and comfort levels are as expected, works great with maxi dresses. I love the cork bottom which made the shoes light and just comfortable enough. I greatly recommend the shoe."
By: shooluffer
Location: North Carolina
July 08, 2013
beautifully made
"Shoe is quality made, I kind of wish it was in a different color but I love it all the same and when I considered returning it I just couldn't as it is so comfortable for such a high heel and so much fun!"
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If you survived a childhood cancer, you may have unique risks now that you're an adult — such as an increased risk of other health conditions or a second cancer.
This past week, I was reading about a new study showing that women who were treated as children with radiation to the chest area have an increased risk of developing breast cancer as adults.
Radiation treatment was an essential and effective way to treat and cure children with lymphoma, leukemia and other cancers in the 1970s and 1980s. Back then, radiation was given in higher doses and was not as targeted — so the radiation effects on the body were greater. Today, with newer technology and advanced science, radiation is delivered more precisely and in smaller doses.
In order to understand your personal risks, take a look back at your cancer treatment with your primary care doctor and map out a plan to address your screening needs and other health concerns.
Late effects of cancer treatment will be unique for each person and can vary depending on the type of treatment you received as well as your age when treatment was given.
Some of the most common long-term effects include:
You may need to modify your individual cancer screening plan depending on your personal history. For example, in the case of women who received high doses of radiation to the chest area as children, the medical community is now recommending breast cancer screening starting at age 25 — much earlier than is recommended for other women.
Childhood cancer treatments are continually improving and evolving. The medical community is constantly learning more about long-term and late effects. If you're a childhood cancer survivor, be active and ask questions about late effects when you see your health care team. I invite you to share your experiences on the blog.
Sheryl M. Ness, R.N.
Selecting "Submit" signifies that you have read and agree to our posting guidelines.
What is the youngest age a child has undergone chemo and survived? my nephew is was born three months early and has now turn one year, 17 months actually. Since chemo has been recommend for his treatment of eye cancer, I'm very worried if he will tolerate the treatment .
I am a survivor of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma. I was diagnosed in 1979 as a 5 year old. I was involved in a clinical trial involving 10 different kinds of chemo drugs as well as radiation therapy. I went into remission 2 1/2 years later. I have had a seemingly normal life however I have now been diagnosed with Stage 3 Invasive ductal carcinoma and it spread to my lymph nodes. I just had a double mastectomy and axillary node removal at 38 after just having my last child. The problem I'm now facing is what kinds of chemo are safe to use. My oncologist does not know what is yet safe to use. He is currently inquiring with other Breast Cancer institutes. I feel all alone in this and I'm just wondering if anyone e?se has had this come up during treatment preparations and if so what did you do? I need to beat this so I can live a long life watching my three little kids grow up. Hope someone sees this and can help.
During the 70's I was diagnosed with Hodgkins Lymphoma at age 27. Treated with radiation(cobalt and MOPP type of chemo used then) and surgery. Then in 2000 is was diagnosed with BC had Mastectomy,& chemo. Then a reoccurance 2 years later that had developed into stage 4 and spread to the lungs. I'm currently doing Herceptin forever.I'm also a Her 2 which means I have a higher chance of reoccurance. I'm in remission and enjoying life. I will continue to do this chemo not much in the way of side effects. Hardly know I'm doing it. Have a echocardiogram every 3 months to check for heart damage. I've been doing this 7 years now. I have this treatment by infusion every 3 wks. No nausea or illness your body gets use to it. Life is good.
I Have a friend who was diagnosed with leukemia in July 2010,at that time he never felt any sickness apart from the enlarged spleen which aroused him, he started on chemo and he still on chemo with a decreased dosage, he seems so fine. Is there any chance of my friend getting cured and free of this disease forever.
That explains it then!If it hpapened to men it would have been sorted out long ago, instead women suffering with breast cancer have to also put up with permanent hairloss while the men get away with it.Somethings never change do they.
I was so very glad to find this blog. Now 36yrs.old, I was diagnosed at 10 with lymphoma, treated with chemo & radiation, at the age of 12 was diagnosed with Leukemia, chemo, radiation, & bone marrow transplant, at 16 was again diagnosed with lymphoma treated with Chemo. I have had both hips & both shoulders replaced from nercrosis caused by steroids during treatment. My teeth are terrible from decay. I've recently been diagnosed with diabetes, among female issues I should not have dealt with for at least 20 more yrs. But my biggest question that I'm looking for answers from other adult childhood cancer survivors is has anyone else had mental side effects? Such as bouts of depression?
My 14 year old daughter is going through chemo right now for T-Cell Lymphoma. The comments telling of later affects of chemo and radiation on adolescents scares me so much. But I want to be informed and greatly appreciate what you have been through and all those who are reporting your experiences here. Thank you.
For those of you looking for additional resources and information, take a look at the Children's Oncology Group website for great information on survivorship guidelines. (www.survivorshipguidelines.org/)
Very informative.Shows how uncertain the world of illness is.All the more necessary to seek every method to gain health.
Long term screening- Best is-- Self examination, and not letting any time go by if anything suspicious is felt. Today you can have lab work to measure tumor markers in blood, and there are CT Scans that will detect the smallest activity. A CT Scan revealed a 7 mm tumor in my lung ... this is too small to get excited about. I will go in and have Scans to watch for change in size.
Hi ! Finally !!! I have been wanted to hear of Childhood Cancer Survivors --49 years ago I had Hodgkin's Lymphoma in 1962. Treated with Cobalt to the Neck and Chest,and Cytoxin (Chemo therapy). 14 years later I had a Thyroidectomy to remove Thyroid Cancer. This was in 1976, I was 17. When I was 38 I had a Spinal Cord Tumor. (removed successfully) In 2000 Breast Cancer, I had a Lumpectomy Chemotherapy and Bracitherapy, (internal radiaton) I was 42. Most recent a tumor my upper thigh lower buttock area which was removed and pathology diagnosed metastatic breast metastatic cancer 2011. More in deepth studies show I have it in my lymph nodes and a questionable tumor on my lung that is about 7 mm. Other than that I work full time. Although I have always been a social misfit I have learned to make my way in the world..
Yes, please continue to provide more information on this topic.
Currently my province does not proactively offer long term screening for Late Effects, so many survivors are left fending for themselves.
I was diagnosed in 1971 (age 2yrs) with Stage IV Wilms Tumor. I had my left kidney, my spleen, and the lower lobe of my left lung removed.
Had Cobolt and Chemo (Vincristine and Actinomycin D). Radio was from my neck to my groin, and I have been told I am high risk for thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and unknown .....
Since my late teens, and into adulthood I have had two benign bone tumors, a benign ovarian tumor, and both a hemangioma and focal nodual hyperplasia on my liver.....interesting enough they are totally linear....right where the radiation field ended....coincidence.....I think not!
Since I lost my spleen I have a poor immune system and I often question if those struggles are complicated by the fact I was given Chemo, a immuno suppressant, at such a young age, and on such an immature immune system to start with?
Of course I have many of the other late effects such as scoliosis, joint problems, reduced lung capacity (related to scaring caused by radio), yellowed teeth (chemo), so on and so forth.
I would be interested in knowing more about the learning difficulties and anything related to fatigue....okay....lets be honest I would just like information......LOTS of information to assist me in being proactive in my health care.
Thanks again
I had Hodgkin's Disease in 1967, was given radiation therapy--and lived. Since, I have had breast cancer X3, lung cancer,heart valves replaced and am now getting skin cancer at radiation sites.I have a pacemaker and my thyroid is shot BUT--I AM STILL HERE.
I am a childhood cancer survivor of 40 years. I had a brain tumor removed in 1972 followed by 22 cobalt radiation treatments. I have had long term side effects ... 1988 I had a stroke was age 28 and in 1994 I had a heart attack age 34. I suffer from severe fatigue and my stroke left me being paralyzed from my knee down to tip of my toes on my right side. Here in Western Canada they are just starting to recognize childhood cancer survivors.
This article was very interesting keep them coming!
When I was about 8 yrs. I recieved radiation to my tonsils. It was called drying them out.
At age 58 I had my thyroid removed, because of cancer. At age 71, I had a bilateral
mascetomy. With cancer in both breasts.
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Point Totals
Jonathan Willis
July 17 2011 12:51AM
People have crazy ideas about the number of points forwards should be recording.
How many points should a first-line forward put up? A top-30 forward in the game? Ask those questions and the odds are that you'll hear 'point-per-game' from a lot of fans. It simply isn't true.
Last season, there were nine 80+ point forwards in the entire NHL, meaning that just one team in three possessed a healthy, point-per-game forward. Now, before someone trots out the 'yeah, but if you want to win you need a game-breaking offensive talent' line, it's also worthwhile to note that neither the Boston Bruins nor the San Jose Sharks possessed one of those players.
Fifty points was enough to get a player into the top-90 in scoring by NHL forwards – in other words, if a player recorded 50 points, he is definitively a first-line forward offensively. Fully half of those players scored between 50-60 points, so while a 50 point player is a below-average first-line scorer, he's really only ten points back from being an average first-line scorer.
Thirty-four points was the cut-off for the top-180 in scoring for NHL forwards in 2010-11. Again, the meaning here is that the offensive range for a typical second-line player in the NHL is between 34 and 49 points.
Typically, even good teams don't deviate from having six guys in top-six scoring range. Let's look at the four conference finalists to illustrate this point:
- Boston: Four first-liners (Lucic, Krejci, Bergeron, Horton), three second-liners (Recchi, Marchand, Ryder)
- Vancouver: Three first-liners (Sedin, Sedin, Kesler), three second-liners (Samuelsson, Burrows, Raymond)
- Tampa Bay: Four first-liners (St. Louis, Stamkos, Lecavalier, Purcell), two second-liners (Gagne, Malone)
- San Jose: Six first-liners (Marleau, Thornton, Pavelski, Heatley, Clowe, Couture), one second-liner (Setoguchi)
What's the point here? Simply that a guy who can score 40 points (assuming he'd score it anywhere) is going to be a top-six forward almost anywhere in the league.
This is an important thing to know, for a lot of reasons. Fans and columnists alike tend to overestimate the amount of high-end offensive players a team needs to win, and consequently undersell the players they have. For Flames fans, that might mean not selling Alex Tanguay short – those 69 points he recorded are a superb first-line number; he would have led the Stanley cup champions in scoring. For Oilers fans, this means snorting derisively when some columnist in Toronto refers to Ales Hemsky as a "second line winger." For Leafs fans, it means giving players like Grabovski and Kulemin the credit they deserve.
A 60-point player is a first-liner almost anywhere in the NHL. A 35-point player is a second-liner almost anywhere in the NHL. Obviously there's more to it than that – offense isn't the only measuring stick around – but all else being equal, those are the plateaus. It's been that way for years now.
oh boy. how come in the 80s there were more goals score.its hard too get 100 points now.if you get 50 points you are a star now.then all the 80s nhl players are stars. are the goal tenders beter today then they were say 15 years ago...
July 17 2011, 10:05PM
@ DSF obviously it would be dependent on other factors like age and contract as well, but ya all else equal that would be roughly fair value IMO. I've floated a few times that I wouldn't mind a Hemsky for Brassard trade (or Voracek before he was delt to the Flyers).)
July 17 2011, 10:24PM
oh boy. how come in the 80s there were more goals score.its hard too get 100 points now.if you get 50 points you are a star now.then all the 80s nhl players are stars. are the goal tenders beter today then they were say 15 years ago...
There are a number of factors regarding the lack of scoring now compared to the 80s. Development of the butterfly goaltending style may be one reason, as is the general development of more advanced defensive strategies; additionally, the 80s was an era wherein there were a number of godawful teams playing with a number of insanely good teams, which likely jacked up the point totals of players on the good teams.
Grabovski totally looks like Shane Doan in that photo. Maybe he's his European clone and the others are all hiding away in the KHL.
Point totals can be somewhat misleading. When Stevie Y was having over 100 point seasons, Detroit wasn't winning Cups. As soon as Stevie Y became a two way player, his points dipped but Detroit started winning Cups. When guys like Thornton were putting up 120 point seasons and players like Iggy and Kovy were scoring 50 goals a season fans expect that. Fans expect if you are paid top money you should be scoring 40-50 goals or put up 60-70 assists. It's all subjective. I bet GMs would prefer a more balanced attacked as opposed to having just one fifty goal guy. The Flames have a balanced offence, they scored a lot of goals last year from lots of different sources. Consistency, is the key.
July 17 2011, 10:47PM
There are a number of factors regarding the lack of scoring now compared to the 80s. Development of the butterfly goaltending style may be one reason, as is the general development of more advanced defensive strategies; additionally, the 80s was an era wherein there were a number of godawful teams playing with a number of insanely good teams, which likely jacked up the point totals of players on the good teams.
Dont forget the cocaine...so much cocaine...
Let's try and keep clear of the traditional firing lines here, if we can. At some point the sniping becomes reflexive and we don't even know why we're taking shots at each other.
Personally, I don't really suggest using raw point totals or points per game - each is a superficial measure that misses too much. FWIW, I prefer PPG to straight points, myself.
That said, lots of people rely on points when discussing players, and if they're going to they ought to be realistic about the production level they expect. That was the point of this piece.
This is a good article. I agree that most fans/media have much higher expectations that the stats bear out (at least in this era). Shawn Horcoff averaged 56 points from 2005-09. Seems like a reasonable number based upon this math. Would have been nice to have an 80 point winger mind you...
July 18 2011, 08:53AM
overall point totals don't take into account the potential for ppg players who went down due to injury. i have to admit i would like to see some comparison between how many players scored 80+ points last season with how many players scored at a ppg rate (with, say, a player having played a minimum number of 41 games-half a season should be enough sample size).
Thanks for the article, very interesting.
I have always been more interested in players that play well when it counts more than points totals. The play of Bergeron and Marchand in the final games this year highlighted it for me.
I like how MacG has changed the type of player we look for, more aggressive/competetive (not violent) personalities. I have confidence (in time) seeing Hall and Eberle going out when the chips are down. We definitely need some defence that also have it.
Here's hoping RNH and the other new/newer prospects have that same drive to dominate and win.


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Fast Facts on Sharks
How is a shark different from other kinds of fish?
Sharks are fish. But how is a shark different from other kinds of fish?
Shark Hearing
Sharks have extremely sensitive hearing. They can identify much lower sounds than human ears can detect, and some can hear sounds more than 700 feet away. Some scientists think hearing is typically the first sense sharks use in detecting their prey.
Shark Smelling
Smell, however, could be the most remarkable of the sharks' senses. Some sharks may be able to track their prey by smell from up to a mile away, probably by following a trail of microscopic particles of protein or blood.
Shark Babies
Different sharks have their babies, or "pups," in different ways. Some lay egg cases. Others grow the pups inside of them and give birth to live young. Depending on the species, a shark may give birth to one or to dozens of pups! However it is born, a pup is on its own from the start—the mother shark doesn't stay around to take care of it.
Shark Evolution
Scientists think that ancestors of sharks lived more than 400 million years ago—about 200 million years before dinosaurs. The main types of sharks living today evolved by 100 million years ago.
Shark Teeth
Most sharks have at least four rows of teeth. They don't chew—they use their powerful teeth to bite and tear their food. As the first row of teeth in a shark gets worn out, the other rows of teeth move forward. New teeth are always forming.
Shark Predators
Sharks rarely pose a danger to humans. But humans do pose a danger to sharks! Fishermen kill an estimated 30 million to 100 million sharks every year. About 75 shark species are in danger of becoming extinct.
Visit the Shark Hall of Fame


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Hotel Capacity:Total Number of Rooms - 80
Kalamaki Beach
Kalamaki Beach Hotel lies on a beautiful white, pebbled beach and overlooks the crystal waters of the Saronic Gulf Sea. This 4-star beach hotel is ideal for families and offers a wide range of facilities. There are two swimming pools, one for adults and one for children, a beautiful a la carte and buffet restaurant and an indoor and an outdoor bar.
Just an hour from Athens by car or direct train from the airport and close to the Isthmus of Corinth, the Kalamaki Beach Hotel provides the perfect location for guests wishing to explore the sights and natural environments that the Peloponnese offers. Enjoy nearby Old Corinth, Corinth Canal and ancient Epidavrus.
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Sleeps 3, Bed Type: Double(s) or single(s) Balcony/Lanai/Terrace, Bathtub/shower combination, Private bathroom, Air conditioning, Refrigerator, Television
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- 1 Children's pool
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- Playground
- Outdoor pool
- Baby sitting
- Dry cleaning
- Safe deposit box
- Business center
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- 2 Lounges/bars
- Onsite laundry
- 1 Restaurant
Dining information
Restaurant - Serves breakfast from 7:30am to 9:30am. Serves lunch from 1:30pm to 3:30pm. Serves dinner from 7:30pm to 9:30pm.
Pool bar - Open all day. Serves a snack menu.
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Home » Full Catalogue » O'MEARA, CHARLES: By Chance (CDR and artwork)
O'MEARA, CHARLES: By Chance (CDR and artwork)
A very fine CD by the artist formerly known as Charles Vrtacek, here playing a wide variety of instruments, treated and untreated, somewhat after the manner of Biota. A sustained, evolving, unfolding of sounds both synchronous and asynchronous, but always in focus and to the point. Excellent.This is small, limited edition pressing expressly made for ReR.
Code: omearaChance
Price: £10.50