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Puma Classic Wedge Sneaker - Womens
Sorry, this item is sold out!
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Item # 302357
Take your sneaker style to new heights in the women's Puma Classic Wedge sneaker! With a fabric upper and classic styling, this shoe will bring out the inner fashionista in you!
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- 3" hidden wedge heel
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- Imported
- View more Women's Puma Shoes
By: Aisling
Location: Seattle, WA
July 28, 2014
The Best
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Most Stylish Women
"I can get ready in 15 minutes. The old me? That took much longer."
Givenchy by Riccardo Tisci sweatshirt, $1,595, and shirt (worn under), $1,055, Kirna Zabête, 212-941-9656. Givenchy by Riccardo Tisci skirt, $3,220, Choices, Pittsburgh, 412-687-7600. Givenchy by Riccardo Tisci boots, $2,490, Barneys New York; 888-8-BARNEYS. Avianne & Co., necklace, avianneandco.com. Ciara's own rings.
The R&B star has an answer ready when asked to describe her personal style—"tomboy chic with a rock 'n' roll edge." She smiles, then winks. "And I'm not afraid of a bit of glamour once in a while." Givenchy's Riccardo Tisci in particular has aided Ciara in honing her aesthetic; he became a close friend after the two met at a Fashion Rocks concert in Rio de Janeiro. "What I like about his work is that you can see how much passion and emotion he puts into it," Ciara says, adding that she was moved to tears at Tisci's Fall 2013 show in Paris. Other labels on her radar: Balmain, Alexander Wang, and Valentino.
From left to right: in Givenchy and in a Brooklyn Rules T-shirt.
5 Tricks to Staying Chic in the Heat

subset: commoncrawl


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- Garlic ice cream
- Garlic stuffed mushrooms
- Garlic almonds
- Garlic popcorn
- Garlic fried green tomatoes
2 cloves garlic
1/3 cup olive oil
4 tbsp. grated Asiago cheese
1 lemon, juiced
1 lb. al dente pasta
8-12 oz. baby spinach
pint of baby tomatoes
To make pesto:
Puree mint, basil, garlic and lemon in food processor. Remove and mix in olive oil and cheese by hand.* Salt and pepper to taste.
*It's important to do this by hand because blending olive oil can cause it to turn bitter.
To put together pasta salad:
Toss together pesto, spinach and split tomatoes about an hour before serving, tossing in a little extra cheese if desired.


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Carafate Suspension
FDA Approves Movantik for Opioid-induced Constipation »
"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Movantik (naloxegol), an oral treatment for opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic non-cancer pain.
Opioids are a class of drugs that are used to treat and manage pain. A comm"...
Read the FDA Approves Movantik for Opioid-induced Constipation article »
Carafate Suspension
(sucralfate) Suspension
CARAFATE Suspension contains sucralfate and sucralfate is an α-D-glucopyranoside, β-Dfructofuranosyl-, octakis-(hydrogen sulfate), aluminum complex.
CARAFATE Suspension for oral administration contains 1 g of sucralfate per 10 mL.
CARAFATE Suspension also contains: colloidal silicon dioxide NF, FD&C Red #40, flavor, glycerin USP, methylcellulose USP, methylparaben NF, microcrystalline cellulose NF, purified water USP, simethicone USP, and sorbitol solution USP. Therapeutic category: antiulcer.
What are the possible side effects of sucralfate (Carafate)?
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
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- mild itching or skin rash;
- sleep problems (insomnia);
- dizziness, drowsiness, spinning sensation;
- headache; or
- back pain.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side...
Read All Potential Side Effects and See Pictures of Carafate Suspension »
What are the precautions when taking sucralfate (Carafate Suspension)?
Before taking sucralfate, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney problems, stomach/intestine problems (e.g., delayed gastric emptying), tube feeding.
Kidney function declines as you grow older. This medication contains aluminum, which is normally removed by your kidneys. Therefore, elderly people may be at greater risk for developing high aluminum levels while using this drug with other products that contain aluminum (e.g., antacids).
If you are pregnant, tell your...
Last reviewed on RxList: 9/26/2016
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Carafate Suspension FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Carafate Suspension Information
Carafate Suspension - User Reviews
Carafate Suspension User Reviews
Now you can gain knowledge and insight about a drug treatment with Patient Discussions.
Here is a collection of user reviews for the medication Carafate Suspension sorted by most helpful.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
GI Disorders
Get the latest treatment options.


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Document Actions
11-17: Defend, Extend, Contend: The Educational Exhortation of St. Jude (Audio)
The series of 90 minute educational classes are intended to assist Orthodox Christians to more fully understand the catechetical content of their Orthodox liturgical heritage. The classes will also assist religious educators to integrate liturgical theology within their respective classroom curricula.
Related Multimedia
- 10-10: History of Religious Education (Audio)
- 10-17: Examination of St. Theophan the Recluse - Part I (Audio)
- 10-24: Examination of St Theophan the Recluse Part II (Audio)
- 10-31: Examination of St Theophan the Recluse Part III (Audio)
- 11-07: Examination of Hezekiah Educational/Liturgical Reforms (Audio)
- 11-28: An introduction to the theological Principles of religious Education: Mystagogia (Audio)
- 12-05: ISOS Class: Week Nine (Audio)


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No, PC hardware. I'll post specs when I get home later today.
I know for sure that I have 4gb RAM, and a Nvidia 8800 ultra. I think my real problem is that DF doesn't support multi-core processing if I remember correctly.
No, PC hardware. I'll post specs when I get home later today.
I know for sure that I have 4gb RAM, and a Nvidia 8800 ultra. I think my real problem is that DF doesn't support multi-core processing if I remember correctly.
I am really enjoying Adventurer mode.
Went full wrestling and biting.
Bit a bandit, shook, ripped an artery. Then I broke his arm. Stabbed him with a spear and bashed his skull in.
I've decided to see how big a world I can crank out with my new i5-2500k. I've overclocked it to 4.2Ghz, so I'm trying to gen the largest world possible. I'll throw it on a thumb drive and send it over to my laptop.
Whenever I get an immigrant wave, there are up to 100 rings and braclets right at the spot where they entered. Anybody else has this bug?
I'm using orkel's fix.
My metalsmith just withdrawn from society and I don't haven't set up my magma smelter yet, will he go insane if I don't make it in time?
If so how can I tell my masondwarf he should only use magmasafe material for the floodgates?
Just make a regular forge and deconstruct the magma forge for now, IIRC strange moods don't actually need fuel to work.
First forgotten Beast. A boring but classic cyclops.
"The Speardwarf bites the Cyclops in the lower lip from behind, tearing the fat.
The Speardwarf latches on firmly!"
Dwarfen kiss of death!
Well, an update on that generation I tried to do earlier. I got 253 years of history in a Legendary world with all terrain sliders to max.
And then it locked up, and I had to wait an hour before it would stop.
I think I'll keep using this world. It's huge.
Also, my current plan for my new volcano-fort is to forgo military almost entirely and focus on War Dogs. I have 8 so far, plus about that many puppies that will grow up and breed before I train them, too.
I had a stroke of luck recently too--a fucking LEGENDARY ARMORER just shows up in my 2nd migrant wave. I have him making masterwork armor for the military I'll never have
I had 15 dogs die from wooden training spears in my danger room. Now if they get attacked by iron-wielding goblins in full armour... It'll be a bloodbath.
But I may be wrong, since this new pet training update came out, they might be stronger.
How do I make stairs to go down?
War dogs aren't that useless. One war dog sacrificed its life for the military commander by getting in between him and a goblin.
What about War Grizzly Bears?
I want to train war carp that drag goblins into moats, that'd be cool, teach those green bastards a lesson.
Siege! Walled myselfe in until my other metal smith decides to work again.
He screams for rock, rock bars and body parts. The thing is he is surrounded by rocks and bars. There are even body parts from a struck down beserker dwarf.
Why isn't he starting his artifact?
Welp, my first test of "Mount Doom" was a success! Dropped an entire undead siege screaming (er, moaning?) into the volcano. Sieges are going to be trivial for a while.
Are archery targets fixed in the new build?
Currently looking for a sinister volcano for secret volcano stuff, mostly suspending an entire city over it.
I've suddenly developed a strong itch to make a fortress with the express purpose of it being a supermax prison complex.
This perfect world, where would I find it?
Never mind, googled and found it. Thanks for giving me the name of it though, it sounds really helpful.
Chocolate Dwarf Fortress is amazing
As a mage you can freeze and blast enemies as an attack in the "A" menu
Now if only it would have supported tilesets (I usually love ASCII but dwarf fortress feels very cluttered and ugly)
I know, no balance fix.
Found my fort's first vampire, now he's Mount Doom's dedicated lever jockey!
I, too, wish I could get Dwarven Chocolate in graphical form.
Oh boy, Hellfire Turrets in Masterwork DF are a double-edged sword.
Upside: obliterates thieves and ambushers in a massive gout of fire.
Downside: obliterates mechanics in the wrong place at the wrong time.
Yeah, that thing's not in my main entrance anymore
Seriously, we never even found the bodies.
It even destroyed the drawbridge at the end of the corridor.
Finally got a world with a terrifying woodland and a nice volcano. Time for volcano fort!
Applied the [TRAINABLE] tag to the 'giant' creature variation. Now my giant kakapo and giant raven can be useful!


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Lacrosse news straight to your inbox.
Monday July 23rd, 2012 4:34pm
Box score
Albany, N.Y. - Jack Doherty had five of his six goals in second quarter as Marist upended UAlbany, 12-7, in non-league play on Tuesday, March 22 at John Fallon Field.
Marist (1-5) broke a 4-4 tie with three unanswered over the final five minutes of the second period. Doherty, a sophomore midfielder, sent a low shot into the cage off Kevin Dondero's feed. Corey Zindel converted in a man-advantage situation when the UAlbany ygoalkeeper's clearing pass was picked off. Zindel then found Doherty cutting to the top of the crease to complete the run with 12.8 seconds remaining.
The Red Foxes, who were coming off a two-goal loss in their Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference opener on Saturday, went up 8-4 in the third stanza on Connor Rice's goal. UAlbany (3-3) cut the lead in half by tallying twice in a span of one minute and 17 seconds. Jack Reynolds connected on a shot from the left side, before Joe Resetarits collected a ground ball and then converted a return pass from Ty Thompson.
But Marist regained controlled later in the quarter. After a long possession, Rice dodged from in back of the cage and connected with Jim Marks at the top of the crease. Early in the final period, Rice intercepted a midfielder's clearing attempt and hit the net for a 10-6 advantage with 10:33 remaining.
"They didn't stop playing the whole game and took advantage of their opportunities," UAlbany coach Scott Marr said. "In the second quarter, they made a change at face-off and were able to get a lot of possessions. It was frustrating for us, because we really did have our best week of practice. But we didn't play well offensively and forced things."
After a slow pace in the opening period, the game went back and forth early in the second. Doherty tied the contest at three apiece with a behind-the-back shot, before Edward Coombs put his team ahead after the Red Foxes gained possession on a scramble for a face-off. Matt Johnson drew UAlbany even at four-all by dodging around a defender from the left.
Rice, who was the MAAC's top rookie last year, finished with three goals and three assists. Zindel added one goal and four assists. Johnson, a senior midfielder, had a team-high three goals for the Great Danes, who were ranked No. 16 in the latest USILA poll.


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19 Feb 2015
New CEI President Manuel Negrao, Portugal
The General Assembly of CEI elected Manuel Negrao as new president. Manuel Negrao is real estate agent in Porto, Portugal and member of the board in the Portuguese Real Estate Agents Associaiton APEMIP. He has a long experience in European real estate business as member of the board in CEI and as member of the Portuguese delegation in the CEN standardization project (EN 15733). Negrao will strengthen the cooperation between European real estate agents through the internet database of CEI and the political work of CEI in Brussels together with the EU commission and the parliament.


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Top Definition
At a party, a narbster is someone who leaves unfinished beer sitting down to waste.
I just found a full beer that ugg left just sitting here to waste. He is a narbster.
by Studderin_Stanley August 20, 2010
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug
The Urban Dictionary T-Shirt
Smooth, soft, slim fit American Apparel shirt. Custom printed. 100% fine jersey cotton, except for heather grey (90% cotton).Buy the t-shirt


text:
Artist description:
Hope ya'll like it :p Drawn from a random photo on google. All one layer. Click actual size, please :D
Java Draw Created Aug 23, 2013 600 x 450px Unless noted Copyright 2013 Bumblepeach.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
woow..is this a rial drawing??or a photograph..amazing,,:)
realistic and beautiful
amazing i do not know how you are not number one in this place... wow
Simply breath-taking!
This is wonderful ! Your drawings are lovely ! Fav
So pretty I luv the sky
your not human your an alien
sooooooooo cooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooool!!!!! it's so amazing!!! i so really love the details and and aaa it's so goooood!!! big fav!
amazing detail
how did you do that its awesome :)


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Type: Sub-task
Status: Closed
Priority: Minor
Resolution: Fixed
Affects Version/s: 2.1
Fix Version/s: 2.1
Component/s: Questions
Testing Instructions:
Create one course with language forced to French, and another with it forced to English.
1. Create numerical questions with various combinations of unit options and answers, in both courses.
2. Add them to a quiz and attempt it as students. Try typing a variety of answers
Affected Branches:MOODLE_21_STABLE
Fixed Branches:MOODLE_21_STABLE
Pull from Repository:
Pull Master Branch:
Pull Master Diff URL:
Gliffy Diagrams
Issue Links
- has been marked as being related by
MDL-27868 Hints get lost when creating calculated and calculatedmulti questions
- Closed
MDL-28118 Think again about the meaning or 'right number, wrong unit' in qtype_numerical
- Open
MDL-28138 format_float function in question/type/calculated/db/upgradelib.php seems broken
- Closed
- is duplicated by
MDL-27363 Numerical question format and unit handling
- Closed
- All
- Comments
- Work Log
- History
- Activity
- Links Hierarchy
The apply_unit() is used
1.in saving the answers
2.in grading the student responses.
The 2,2 apply_unit() converts number to the PHP internal convention i.e. thousandssep (, ,space) are eliminated and decsep , is converted to . if it is the only one and that there is a . used.
the newengine apply_unit() eliminates the thousandssep associated with the thousandssep and converts the decsep associate to the actual user (either teacher or student) language .
What are the needs
1.in saving the answers
We need an universal conversion of written numbers to the internal PHP number to help the teacher set correctly the answer in PHP internal number format.
We shoudl add help to the editing form and get a more explicit is_numeric() validate message.
actual being
$string['invalidnumericanswer'] = 'One of the answers you entered was not a valid number.';
$string['invalidnumerictolerance'] = 'One of the tolerances you entered was not a valid number.';
For import we should use actual 2,2 that should be improved
i.e detecting all variants of thousandssep (i.e. half space)
or detecting the position of the , and .
2. In handling the response a 2,2 style should be the default for 2,0 and preceeding version (i.e. imported ) questions because
we don't know if the teacher have given or not indications on the number writing.
or as we will do at UQAM migrate from a french site 1.9 with . convention learned by 40 000 students to a 2 version with a , mandatory ?
So we need at least a specific field to identify at least the decsep which was used when creating a question.
It should be a the answer level.
Given that decsep can be , or . and that thousandssep possible values are limited to not many values, the choice offered to the teacher could be more a list of the available combination than a complete list of all the defined locales.
I will experiment on this.
I have set a working branch from qe2_wip and will start to work first on the edit and import problem using a specific 2,0 style apply_unit() function.
The following from PHP.net http://ca2.php.net/manual/en/class.numberformatter.php
illustrates well the problem
When displaying or printing a number it is converted to a locale-specific string.
For example, the number 12345.67 is
"12,345.67" in the US,
"12 345,67" in France and
"12.345,67" in Germany
Also from unix as PHP docs refer to UNIX http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl3_strtod.htm
The strtod, strtof, and strtold functions convert the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double, float, and long double representation, respectively.
The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is optional leading white space as recognized by isspace(3), an optional plus (``+'') or minus sign (``-'') and then either a decimal number, or (ii) a hexadecimal number, or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number).
A decimal number consists of a nonempty sequence of decimal digits possibly containing a radix character (decimal point,* locale dependent*, usually ``.''), optionally followed by a decimal exponent. A decimal exponent consists of an ``E'' or ``e'', followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a non-empty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10.
- locale dependent* this means that (float) casting uses PHP locale.
We cannot take for granted that the PHP locale settings are constant on moodle installations ...
Is this could be a problem when saving answer as in
If the conversion of a float to a text can change from one locale to another locale as PHP internationalization is a new moodle 2,1 requirement, when we want to export a given numerical answer from one locale to another locale, how should we do it ?
1-If the answer is stored as digital i.e. using a locale-independent binary representation, we could use CDATA.
2- However answer are stored in a text field.
a- This will mean that we need to convert from text to a locale independent binary representation on export, use CDATA and do the inverse process on import.
b- Or we export the locale with the answer text so that on import the conversion could be done if necessary, to the import locale.
3- Another option could be that we don't use the general answer field for numerical but an additional field in numerical_options where we already store tolerance.
4-or I don't understand well the problem
I will experiment by setting back the 2,0 apply_unit() for storing answer and an additional answer_numeric field in question_numerical to store the answer as number in addition to the answer regular text field of question_answers to detect any difference when working with different locales either in moodle language or PHP settings.
More news in 2-3 days as this imply mastering PHP locale settings in the beautiful Windows universe...
As background info from wikipwedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_mark#Examples_of_use
The following examples show the decimal mark and the thousands separator; the lists are ordered chronologically, by when each country adopted the use:
In Albania, Serbia[citation needed], Bosnia, Estonia, France, Finland, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and much of Latin Europe as well as French Canada: 1 234 567,89
In Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia and much of Europe: 1 234 567,89 or 1.234.567,89.
In Switzerland: For other values the SI style 1 234 567,89 is used with a "," as decimal symbol.
In Australia, English Canada, Israel, Japan, Korea (both), Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States: 1,234,567.89
In Croatia, SI style (1 234 567.89) is used.
SI style: 1 234 567.89 or 1 234 567,89 (in their own publications the dot is used in the English version and the comma in the French version).
In China, comma and space are used to mark digit groups because dot is used as decimal mark. There is no universal convention on digit grouping, so both thousands grouping and no digit grouping can be found. However, grouping can also be done every four digits: 123,4567.89, since names for large numbers in Chinese are based on powers of 10,000 (e.g. the next new word is for 108). Japan is similar.
In Mexico: 1'234,567.89; for million separator an apostrophe is used.
The variety of grouping schema for numbers greater than 1000 explain why the code try to eliminate these characters so that the final number is a serie of numbers before the decimal point which is either a . or a ,
So to store correctly the answer numerical value once the decimal has been identified anything at left should be only +- and digitals.
- If there is a . with no , decimal_sep should be .
This is the case of answer value that are from the edit_numberical_form.php that has past the is_numeric() test.
- If there is a . with , the decimal_sep is the sign at right (higher position in the string).
- If there is only , then it is either a correctly written number with , as decimal_sep or a > 1000 number written without a decimal point.we should choose the first solution i.e , as decimal_sep
You are doing good analysis.
However, I cannot agree with the proposal you make (points 1-3). Let me give just one specific example:
A. If an English OU student on an accounting course types 13,000 as the answer to a numerical question, then we must interpret that as 13000.
However, there are other equally important examples, for example,
B. If a French Canadian student answers the question 8,1234 g Iron Oxide and 4,8767 g Aluminium are placed in a crucible, what is the weight of the reactants? Give your answer to 5 significant figures, they should be able to just type 13,000, and we must interpret that as 13.000 (in PHP notation).
It is very hard for Moodle to get both of those examples right. When I was trying to decide what to do, I thought it would be OK to rely on the one difference we know there, the locale of the student. My reasoning was that Moodle does know about locales, and so we could safely rely on that.
However, your greater experience of teaching in a bilingual country suggests that we cannot always rely on the Moodle locale being set to the way that all students in the class will write numbers.
It is really a surprisingly difficult problem. We must not let this defeat us. There must be some brilliant way to solve this waiting to be discovered!
As things as not well structured here, I will put them in docs.
The analysis is done ( option 1,2,3) for the numbers that define the answers where we want all values with a .
i.e the teacher viewpoint either on edit_calculated_form or on import.
There is a somehow different analysis when handling the student response.
On the student response my main proposal is to add the decsep as option to answer as the tolerance parameter.
So a teacher could set two identical answers with different decsep and same grade or different grade as he want it.
We could then grade the decsep used directly and as we continue to use unit penalty , we are grading all 3 aspects on numerical value.
We could go further (in 2,2) and grade the thousandssep.
So the apply_unit used for answer will not be the same than the one used for the response.
We perhaps can continue to use the answer TEXT is we control the float conversion step so that it is always stored and retrieve with decsep = .
I am looking deep in the PHP source code and I think that we can control the decsep used in format() so we could store correctly.(so
MDL-27235 comment ).
See http://docs.moodle.org/en/Development:Question_Engine_2:Numerical_formats#Converting_number_in_a_string_to_a_double_or_float_variable
PHP 5.3.6 string to double and is_numeric() use only . as decimal_point or decsep. ( to be tested ?)
It seems that we could handle correctly numbers using actual answer TEXT to store them.
- Do you agree to have an input answer unit_apply() function that will essentially help the teacher
to write correctly the answer numerical value following PHP syntax (no thousandssep and . as decsep).
- To add a simple decsep choice as an additional answer parameter and some changes in the actual code as the decsep will no be controlled by lang files.
dec =
- ( , and .) i.e. we replace , by . with some rules
- only . no replacement
- only , as a first implementation for 2,1.
Handling the thousandssep variants is a more complex problem because we autorize exponential format so a student could eliminate them and some numbers don't need them (date i.e.).
We can just eliminate all no numbers char ( , space .) before the decsep so that the student response will be a strict PHP format with the exception of the decsep , being converted or not to . .
The grading need to be modified.
I can work the edit_numerical_form and the corresponding apply_value.
If you just sketch how you want the modifiction done on your apply_unit() I can work a proposal.
As a matter of fact storing the decsep in the attempt data is no more necessary.
Another advantage is that this renders numerical multilingual
Or ...
I think that:
1. On the editing form. The teacher should be able to type numbers using the teachers' locale, just like students can when attempting the quiz.
2. In the database, we should store numbers in PHP syntax.
Those two are clear to me.
I worry slightly about import and export. I think
3. For Moodle XML syntax, the numbers in the XML file should be PHP syntax, just like in the database. (So that a maths teacher in France can share maths questions with a teacher in England - but that does not really help with numbers typed into the question text. Hmm. Actually, in this scenario, I suppose the questiontext would be done using the multilang filter.)
4. For GIFT format, I am really not sure what is best. Teachers type GIFT format, so perhpas it should use localised numbers. On the other hand, if other import formats do something differente ...
Argh! It is all so complicated!
I agree,
I try to set some of the arguments about setting the answer field.
However, it was late so to continue tomorrow
The main conclusion is to train the teacher to use the PHP syntax to write a numerical quantity as Moodle code will always convert it in the answer field as a PHP valid number (as Excel is doing...).
However Moodle should help the teacher in this process.
When handling the student response, Moodle responsability is to grade the question with as much precision as possible for the 3 elements of the answer response
numerical quantity (tolerance)
numerical syntax
Here the help should be the minimum necessary to do a fair grading.
This is why the apply_unit() should not be the same for answer and response...
Given the 2,1 deadline , I suggest that in 2,1 we maintain the 2,0 grading and display options of 2,0 numerical and calculated less the instructions as this is no more necessary.
As you have already set the code to display the multiple choice select option either at left we could maintain easily the number and unit two separate inputs.
You could then keep your improvments in the apply_unit() and the coding of decsep in attempt data for 2,2.
This will eliminate the bugs related to this issue and you can concentrate on other aspects of the new engine.
Just to remind you that the main features of the new engine for Moodle users are the new grading options.
Moodlers or Moodle don't ask you to develop in 2,1 all the possibilities of the new engine.
If you relax your constraints on internal code ( like rewriting all the calculated question type code to PHP 5 standards) for 2,1, you could polish all the grading options .
But effectively as you are a code engineer, you try to polish the internal engine although it is invisible to most Moodle users
This will allow me to develop my conceptions in a real proposal that we could polish before release to moodle community.
Some apsects f the other parallel project on questions could be integated in a 2,2 numerical and calculated interface.
The teacher should be able to set
1.the numerical value using the PHP convention
2.the response format , various interfaces can be used
3.the tolerance
4.the feedback
Here a simplified proposal (answer_resp.jpg
The answer response format parameters could be set individually or at the question level ( this disable individual answer response elements)
If we use these supplementary fields to the numerical answer
- decsep with (no , . and ,. ),
- thousandssep (any,, name )
- exponent formatting
- name (locale or moodle options name )
we could for 2,1 define three initial choices i.e.
- all formats as 2,0 ( use the 2,0 apply_unit)
- decsep, all compatible thousandssep ( use the new apply_unit)
- decsep , all compatible thousandssep ( use the new apply_unit)
The proposed fields should be sufficient for further developement in 2,2 ...
I have set a more detailed proposal on
In testing 2,1 I just notice that (float) conversion stop on a non recognized character as letter other than e or E.
So if the answer number is 1234 then 1234, will be recognized as the number 1234 and the student will have full grade.
I will fix this in the new apply_unit() function.
Given the few days left, I am working on minimal changes that will allow 2,0 and strict , or . decsep to be used in 2,1 in such a way to be integrated easily in future more complex numerical response format gradings.
i.e. Defining for 2,1 three internal locales i.e. "decimal_point_.,", "decimal_point.","decimal_point_," will give enough info to use them in future version as we will need a locale parameter in future versions.
The less troublesome solution remains to use the 2,0 apply_unit(), don't store decsep parameters in the attempt data so that all new numerical grading will be implemented in 2,2.
This should be the case at least for calculated given the format parameters in calculated_answers.
Pierre, I have been following your comments here, and on Moodle docs. I am really glad you are thinking about this problem, because it is clearly hard, and I don't have time to address it properly.
I suspect that I will not have time to time to properly understand and review what you have done before the 31st May deadline for getting the the system basically finished and added to Moodle 2.1. However, I am sure it will be fine to incorporate your changes in the testing period between 31st May and 30th June. As you have said, it is important we get this right in 2.1, but I don't think we need to do it before 31st May.
So please come up with a good implementation of a good solution, so that when I come to look at it in early June, it will be easy for me You have now thought about this problem much more than I have, so I am sure you are in a better place to work out the right solution. However, please forgive me if I am not able to respond much to you over the next two weeks. Thanks.
As I told you somewhere, I always understand that you follow my work and as long as I am not in a bad issue, you have other priorities than to tell me its OK
More new tomorrow...( I am testing my hypothesis to use locale as an answer parameter.)
Grading differently following dec sep.
Done using locale as additional answer parameter.
Need to have 2 inputs one for number and one for unit.
Three choices used in the prototype will be available in the first version
Moodle 2,0 flexible formats
decimal point .
decimal point ,
So back to sleep
Should we and how handle response data from pre-engine Moodle 1,9 attempts and 2,0?
For 2,0 Do you convert the "number |||| unit" format of 2,0 to a double entry ?
For 1,9 we should use the old apply_unit() to split the data ?
I can now grade all the combinations of units and numerical answer and apply the unit penalty.
I will leave for further work the implementation of numerical question_classified_responses to handle the case of
- good numerical and bad unit choice with applied unit penalty
- bad numerical value
- unrecognized numerical which is seen as a get_validation_error case ...
So I am going back to the drawing board with the hypothesis to set the availabe number formats at the question level and necessary improvements of qtype_numerical_answer_processor.
The decsep, thousands and related parameters could then be saved part in the numerical_options table and or in a specific numerical/....php file.
first setting things in http://docs.moodle.org/en/Development:Question_Engine_2:Numerical_formats
As an example the new qtype_numerical_answer_processor could simulate the 2,0 apply_unit by setting the decsep by a simple analysis of the response and then setting the thousansseps with a multiple replacement of all related thousandseps to ''.
I any cases I strongly suggest that you do the coding
'I really hope we can do that before 2.1 is released.'
let's keep it simplest.
As I concluded on http://docs.moodle.org/en/Development:Question_Engine_2:Numerical_formats#Improving_the_number_analysis_at_the_question_level
the decsep options should be set at the question level.
In future development we will propose a grading scenario that could apply successive number formats options (like units) with different grade.
So we will need something like
if ($oldversion < 2011052200 ) { //New version in version.php
/// Define table question_numerical_options to be created
$table = new xmldb_table('question_numerical_formats');
/// Adding fields to table question_numerical_formats
$table->add_field('id', XMLDB_TYPE_INTEGER, '10', XMLDB_UNSIGNED, XMLDB_NOTNULL, XMLDB_SEQUENCE, null);
$table->add_field('question', XMLDB_TYPE_INTEGER, '10', XMLDB_UNSIGNED, XMLDB_NOTNULL, null, '0');
$table->add_field('name', XMLDB_TYPE_TEXT, 'small', null, null, null, null);
$table->add_field('order', XMLDB_TYPE_INTEGER, '10', XMLDB_UNSIGNED, XMLDB_NOTNULL, null, '0');
$table->add_field('grade', XMLDB_TYPE_NUMBER, '12, 7', XMLDB_UNSIGNED, XMLDB_NOTNULL, null, '0');
$table->add_field('params', XMLDB_TYPE_TEXT, 'small', null, null, null, null);
/// Adding keys to table question_numerical_formats
$table->add_key('primary', XMLDB_KEY_PRIMARY, array('id'));
$table->add_key('question', XMLDB_KEY_FOREIGN, array('question'), 'question', array('id'));
/// Conditionally launch create table for question_calculated_options
if (!$dbman->table_exists($table)) {
// $dbman->create_table doesnt return a result, we just have to trust it
upgrade_plugin_savepoint(true, 2011052200, 'qtype', 'numerical');
to store the data.
for 2,1 we just propose 3 choices
class qtype_numerical_edit_form extends question_edit_form {
protected function definition_inner($mform) {
$localeoptions["dec_sep_,."]= "all" ;
$localeoptions["dec_sep_."]= "1234.56" ;
$localeoptions["dec_sep_,"]= "1234,56" ;
$mform->addElement('select', 'locale',
"Response format", $localeoptions);
for ["dec_sep_,."]= you either use the 2,0 apply_value() or you do some modifications to
qtype_numerical_answer_processor {
to detect which of , or . as the higher position in the response to switch from decsep , or .
In all cases as we want a "universal" decsep, the corresponding possible thousandseps should all be replaced by ''
i.e. decsep , thousandseps ' ' and .
/** @var array of string characters used as thousands separator . */
protected $thousandssep;
We should add the help icon to warn correctly the students.
This should do the minimal
You could maintain the unique input text and unit element.
For further developement we will see.
the 2,0 apply_unit() or its qtype_numerical_answer_processor version with the "dec_sep_,."]= "all" option should be used to validate the answers in the save_question_options ()
$answer->answer = $this->apply_unit($answerdata, $units,
Upgrade should cope with upgrading attempts from 2.0 (and 1.9). The code is in question/type/numerical/db/upgradelib.php. You will see a class there with methods for updating the response data.
"However, I am sure it will be fine to incorporate your changes in the testing period between 31st May and 30th June. "
Is your proposal always valid as you have a lot of other things to do, I presume.
Or you have time to manage this and other aspects of grading units
I have some deadlines also although not serious as yours.
So I will prepare a proposal on this and unit grading for your return on Monday 6th June
As they are moving docs, I continue here
If we want to implement various numeric formats as
- Integer without decsep and with or without thousandseps (many combinations related to number locale) as 1234 1 234
- Decimal with a decsep ( either , or . ) and with or without thousandseps (many combinations related to number locale) as 1234.456 1 234,456
- Exponent form with a decsep ( either , or . ) and without thousandseps ? as 1.23456 E3
- Fractional form the dessep is ' ' and without thousandseps as 1234 456/1000
- Angles as degree minute second
- Time as hour:minute:second
- Etc.
We need to define different classes wich can have variants as
- number with variants
- integer (no decsep)
- decimal decsep , or . and there corresponding thousanseps ( ' ' ',' '.')
- exponential format
- fractional format as 123 456/789
- time 13:30 or 10:30:23
- degrees 130^o^56'23"
We need to specify the order in the handling ( 1, 2, 3) and the grade % associated
if ($oldversion < 2011052200 ) { //New version in version.php
/// Define table question_numerical_options to be created
$table = new xmldb_table('question_numerical_formats');
/// Adding fields to table question_numerical_formats
$table->add_field('id', XMLDB_TYPE_INTEGER, '10', XMLDB_UNSIGNED, XMLDB_NOTNULL, XMLDB_SEQUENCE, null);
$table->add_field('question', XMLDB_TYPE_INTEGER, '10', XMLDB_UNSIGNED, XMLDB_NOTNULL, null, '0');
$table->add_field('order', XMLDB_TYPE_INTEGER, '10', XMLDB_UNSIGNED, XMLDB_NOTNULL, null, '0');
$table->add_field('grade', XMLDB_TYPE_NUMBER, '12, 7', XMLDB_UNSIGNED, XMLDB_NOTNULL, null, '0');
$table->add_field('variant', XMLDB_TYPE_TEXT, 'small', null, null, null, null);
$table->add_field('classname', XMLDB_TYPE_TEXT, 'small', null, null, null, null);
$table->add_field('params', XMLDB_TYPE_TEXT, 'small', null, null, null, null);
/// Adding keys to table question_numerical_formats
$table->add_key('primary', XMLDB_KEY_PRIMARY, array('id'));
$table->add_key('question', XMLDB_KEY_FOREIGN, array('question'), 'question', array('id'));
/// Conditionally launch create table for question_calculated_options
if (!$dbman->table_exists($table)) {
// $dbman->create_table doesnt return a result, we just have to trust it
upgrade_plugin_savepoint(true, 2011052200, 'qtype', 'numerical');
Given the time delay, let's just implement choosing the decsep for decimal with all the corresponding thousansseps.
So there will be 3 components to the grade
the value set by the answer
the % grade for good number syntax
the unit penalty
I will first create manually the table,
Create a first numeric_format class that will replace the new qtype_numerical_answer_processor (although using most of the code) as the decseps wil be set at the question level.
Implement a new grading process which imply testing the answer value with first the ordered number formats then the various units combinations. Will modify the unit tests accordngly.
On further thinking, we need another penalty for extranous characters in the number input response that could appear in the unit part of the decoding process even if the number is decoded correctly
array($beforepoint, $decimals, $exponent, $unit)
However if these extraneous characters define one of the available units and the unit field is empty then there should be no penalty but a simple warning to put unit in the unit input element (if not the multichoice option !)
So the simplest way to do it, is to apply to these extraneous characters the unit grading penalty.
A first proposal interface to allow to choose the decseps for a given question.
If the student does not use the prescribed decsep then he will receive a fraction of the grade corresponding to the numerical value of the response.
A better interface that allows to choose the descseps and the thousands seps.
Now let's do the internal...
This decsep problem is small part of the Question engine project.
What is more basic is that we don't set initially the coding so that further modifications will not be easy to do.
On the long term teachers should be able to grade number formats used in numerical ( decsep, integers, exponential format, fraction etc.)
The evolution from 1,6 to 2,0 has been to a more flexible handling of the various formats as there was no structure to a partial grading of the number formats.
I propose that for 2,1 we stay in this historical trend and apply progressively (even before 2,2) new features for number format analysis.
My trials on the number format grading show that it should be set at the question level (i.e. not a locale string neither as an answer property.
The proposed datatable (to which I have added decsep and thousandssep parameters)
numerical format stored
stdClass Object
[id] => 1
[question] => 27
[ordering] => 0
[grade] => 1.0000000
[variant] => general
[classname] => numerical
[params] =>
[decsep] => .
[thousandssep] => Array
[ ] =>
[,] => ,
can store the necessary parameters for many numerical variants necessary for number formats analysis.
decsep , or . define with their correspondinh thousandsseps most of the decimal variants.
A first simple grading schema is to apply first the first choice decsep and give 100% of the answer value is the response as translated with this decsep agree with the answer.
If not then we apply a second analysis using the other decsep and grade to 100% or 80% or ...
the answer value is the response as translated with this decsep agree with the answer.
This is the first simple two tests that I am working on.
See the last fig of the edit_numerical_form on this page.
I will post here tonight my last version.
However my recommandation is just to use in number analysis a more flexible process i.e do
first with decsep = . and thousandsseps = space or ,
with decsep = , and thousandsseps = space or .
and give the highest grade to the best one (i.e. 100% for the two decseps.)
For this, we only need to improve the apply_value() function.
Your actual proposal just handle one decsep and one thousandseps value.
We should also set back to the two separate inputs (number and unit) as we will need them to do the complex number analysis in the future.
After some supplemenary work, my proposal is the following:
for 2,1 using the http://tracker.moodle.org/secure/attachment/24021/grading%29numerical2.jpg interface
the teacher could define a prefered 100% grade decsep-thousandsseps deimal configuration and give a var% to another one.
We need 2 numerical format records to do the minimal job as we need one numerical option record.
For actual question when they will be saved if the two records do not exist, they will be created automatically with the first one allowing decsep . and thousandsseps space and , 100% grade and the second one allowing decsep , and thousandsseps space and . 100% grade so giving all the actual language combination 100% (I need to study the half space proposal.
Furthermore for existing questions, when they will be used i.e. using qet_options, the two records could be created automatically (or at least contained the desired two data structures) so that the grading can be done with 2,1.
This could also be included in the migrating procedure.
If you agree with the proposal I can set-up something in one day or 2.
Just a little work report
I can edit and save the numerical_format data and I have set the response input unit back and modified the question.php so that grading is working with either unit as separate text input or as multichoice.
Next thing to implement is the use of numerical_format data in the grading process.
I can decode a response using the numerical_format data with more one 1 thousandsseps in a step
i.e. decsep = . thousandsseps defined as array(' ',',') will decode 1 234.567 ands 1,234.67 to 1234.567
all within a "slightly" modified qtype_numerical_answer_processor.
So the main parts are OK. Let's assemble the "Meccano".
Grading reflects numerical_format grade
The numerical_format allows 70% of the answer->fraction to a number with decsep = ,
numerical formats
[1] => stdClass Object
[id] => 1
[question] => 27
[ordering] => 0
[grade] => 1.0000000
[variant] => general
[classname] => numerical
[params] =>
[decsep] => .
[thousandssep] => Array
[ ] =>
[,] => ,
[2] => stdClass Object
[id] => 2
[question] => 27
[ordering] => 1
[grade] => 0.7000000
[variant] => general
[classname] => numerical
[params] =>
[decsep] => ,
[thousandssep] => Array
[ ] =>
[.] => .
the response was written as 1 815,5
and the answer was
[32] => qtype_numerical_answer Object
[tolerance] => 0.1
[tolerancetype] => 2
[locale] =>
[id] => 32
[answer] => 1815.5
[answerformat] => 2
[fraction] => 1.0000000
[feedback] =>
[feedbackformat] => 1
after $this->get_matching_answer() but before grading the answer structure was
[0] => qtype_numerical_answer Object
[tolerance] => 0.1
[tolerancetype] => 2
[locale] =>
[id] => 32
[answer] => 1815.5
[answerformat] => 2
[fraction] => 1.0000000
[feedback] =>
[feedbackformat] => 1
[unit] =>
[numberformatgrade] => 0.7000000
[value] => Array
[0] => 1815.5
[1] =>
So we have all infos to calculate the final grade.
$fraction = $answer->fraction * $answer->numberformatgrade;
if ($this->unitdisplay != qtype_numerical::UNITNONE )
Among other things, we will have to set how to handle these elements
in classify_response()
These last results show that the project could fulfill our needs for 2,1 and could be set to future needs.
I will continue to work on this draft proposal in the weekend and send you as it will be sunday night, so you can work on it next week.
I just send you by email a rough proposal that handle numerical format grading and unit grading.
There are 3 situations where a parameter has to be analyzed for its content of a number part and possible unit part.
- in saving answers to extract the numerical value and convert it in a numerical PHP style ( 1234.567 or 1.23456e3)in a process that does not imply edit_numerical_form where an efficient validation is done. I propose to go back to the 2,0 apply_value code that could be improved by detecting which of , and . is the most at right so to conclude that it should be the decsep to use.
- This can be on import although in some cases as Gift the validation is already done
- This can be on upgrading the database. There is a notice that on old database the answer and the unit where saved in the same field. How old but if this apply to 2,1 ?
- In grading and the proposal handle correctly this case. However this is a more complex process than usual and it is used more than once in the rendering code. Could we store somewhere the first result?
- In the validating reponse where the analyze is somewhat different than in the grading process.
public function is_complete_response(array $response) {
if (!$this->is_gradable_response($response)) {
return false;
list($value, $unit) = $this->ap->apply_units($response['answer']);
if (is_null($value)) {
return false;
public function get_validation_error(array $response) {
if (!$this->is_gradable_response($response)) {
return get_string('pleaseenterananswer', 'qtype_numerical');
list($value, $unit) = $this->ap->apply_units($response['answer']);
the actual number written by the student could be 1 234.56 1,234.56 1 234,56 or 1.234,56
In the actual code using thousandsseps combination of 'space' ',' or '.' ',' will most often generate a number even if it is not the good one but can generate a apparent unit that renders the following tests non pertinent.
if (is_null($value)) {
return get_string('invalidnumber', 'qtype_numerical');
if ($this->unitdisplay != qtype_numerical::UNITINPUT && $unit) {
return get_string('invalidnumbernounit', 'qtype_numerical');
The solution could be to created another apply_units function or modify the actual.
I am not even convinced that these validation steps are the good ones as the final grade can be set to grade the 3 question parameters.
1 The number obtained from the applyunit form the allowed format is compare to the answer with all the combination obtained from the units using the tolerance interval. If Ok then the grade is the answer->value.
This is multiply by the numerical format grade (0-100%)
Then the unit penalty can be applied.
Given this and various grading possibilites set for the question and the new options offered by the new engine, what is a complete response ?
I don't know the answer
Note this problem found by Eloy when testing another issue: http://tracker.moodle.org/browse/MDL-27868?focusedCommentId=113420&page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#comment-113420
I have now worked out what I want to do with this: http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=174387#p781440. Implementation will follow.
Note that, in addition to the plan in the forum post, the is_valid_answer function in the editing form needs to be fixed to use the same logic as save_question_options.
OK, I think I have implemented all of this.
Note that this branch follows on from the
MDL-27430 branch, which also relates to the numerical question type.
Finally note that you cannot currently test this in the question preview pop-up window because of
MDL-28074. I hope to fix that before submitting this for integration.
This is a somewhat scary change, if anyone can look at this, that would be great.
You are doing an almost "impossible mission" task...
Your last modifications are related to Students that could enter a thousand separator that is not a space char.
However your are using the locale decsep.
This is somewhat contradictory.
So let's play the game.
I am not part of the main moodle team, I can understand the deadlines are important to an organization as large as moodle.
However parts of the 2,1 will be more alpha than beta...
We could just expect that as summer in the northern hemisphere is mostly holiday period, few will migrate on 2,1 as official version so we could come back and polish all this numerical somehow complex issue.
I am aware it is somewhat contradictory to use thousands separator from the lang pack in the validation, but that correctly catches the situation where Moodle will misinterpret what the student meant, as I explained here: http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=174387#p781440
My priority, before the Moodle release was to get Numerical to be mostly backwards-compatible, with some slight enhancements, and I think I have achieved that, but I am still happy for people to point out potential mistakes I may have made before it is too late.
I should add, that I looked at your proposed code (I got it onto github, see https://github.com/timhunt/moodle/tree/MDL-27418_ppichet). I think that is a promising direction for Moodle 2.2. (or 2.1.x) but I have some concerns. Basically, while your changes add useful features to the question type, they also add a lot of complexity for people creating questions. I think for 90% of teachers, the added complexity is not worth it. So, I would like us to think about how we can make the good enhancements without increasing the complexity so much, if at all possible.
public function grade_response(array $response) {
if ($this->has_separate_unit_field()) {
$selectedunit = $response['unit'];
} else {
$selectedunit = null;
list($value, $unit) = $this->ap->apply_units($response['answer'], $selectedunit);
$answer = $this->get_matching_answer($value);
if (!$answer) {
return array(0, question_state::$gradedwrong);
$fraction = $this->apply_unit_penalty($answer->fraction, $unit);
return array($fraction, question_state::graded_state_for_fraction($fraction));
In the apply_units the $value from the response is divided by the unit multiplier if the unit is defined.
So lets take the following example (as I have only access to an Ipad I cannnot test code but I am using the last code on github.
the coorect answer is 123 cm and m has been defined so 1.23 m is the other good response.
the student type 123 cm everything is Ok
the student type 1.23 m everything is Ok
the student type 123 m then applyunit will convert this to 12300 and the grade will be 0 i.e. bad unit = 0% grade
samething with 1.23 cm
The process should be to test if the student value matches one of the possible number i.e. 123 or 1.23 then apply the unit penalty.
I put this here as I did not want to reopen the bug that is more related to this and already closed.
As far I as I can do on an Ipad , I look at your code and it is globally OK apart the last comment.
As for 2,2 we need to discuss more (I think we need a good chat exchange ).
The applyunit should not convert the value so that everything is handle outside as in my 2,2 proposal where I add also the various number decoding results.
Ah! I thought I had unit tests for the grading: https://github.com/timhunt/moodle/blob/MDL-27418/question/type/numerical/simpletest/testquestion.php#L65
However I am missing your 123 m and 1.23 cm cases.
Actually, that test is doing the UNITOPTIONAL case. I need some new tests for UNITGRADED: https://github.com/timhunt/moodle/commit/c5aaf417390534ae1555a1826e12377597ffb8df
I can confirm your analysis is correct. Two of those new tests fail. Now, to make those tests pass!
* Get an answer that contains the feedback and fraction that should be
* awarded for this resonse.
+ * test all units combination
+ * report the unit that gives the matching
+ * should test all decsep combination
+ * add the result to the corresponding answer ?
* @param number $value the numerical value of a response.
* @return question_answer the matching answer.
- public function get_matching_answer($value) {
+ public function get_matching_answer($responseanswer, $selectedunit) {
foreach ($this->answers as $aid => $answer) {
- if ($answer->within_tolerance($value)) {
- $answer->id = $aid;
- return $answer;
+ foreach ($this->numericalformats as $key => $numericalformat) {
+ $this->ap->set_characters($numericalformat->decsep,$numericalformat->thousandssep); //,$selectedunit
+ list($value, $unit) = $this->ap->apply_units($responseanswer, $selectedunit,false);
+ if ($this->unitgradingtype) {
+ foreach( $this->ap->units as $keyunit=>$multiplier){
+ $test = $value/$multiplier ;
+ if ($answer->within_tolerance($test)) {
+ $answer->id = $aid;
+ $answer->unit = $keyunit;
+ $answer->selectedunit = $unit;
+ $answer->value = $value ;
+ $answer->numberformatgrade = $numericalformat->grade ;
+ $answerwithintolerances[]= $answer ;
+ }
+ }
+ }else{
+ if ($answer->within_tolerance($value)) {
+ $answer->id = $aid;
+ $answer->value = $value ;
+ $answer->numberformatgrade = $numericalformat->grade ;
+ $answerwithintolerances[]= $answer ;
+ }
+ }
- }
+ $maxkey = 0 ;
+ if(count($answerwithintolerances) > 0 ) {
+ $maxgrade = 0;
+ $maxkey = '' ;
+ foreach($answerwithintolerances as $key1 => $answerwithintolerance ){
+ if($answerwithintolerance->numberformatgrade > $maxgrade ){
+ $maxgrade = $answerwithintolerance->numberformatgrade ;
+ $maxkey = $key1 ;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+echo "<p>answer within_tolerance before maxgrade $maxgrade maxkey $maxkey<pre>";print_r($answerwithintolerances);echo "</pre></p>";
+ // return which as the greatest $answer->numberformatgrade
+ return $answerwithintolerances[$maxkey];
+ }
return null;
- }
+ }
if you eliminate the foreach related to the numberformat, and adapt for the applyunit, you have the main structure to solve the problem.
However I assume that you have already a similar way to solve the problem.
If not then then i will be happy to leanr a new way to do it.
About your concerns for 2,1.x complex interface one solution will be to allow more than one advance field in moodle form.
we could then have a simple interface with just answer,
or number foormat and answer
or answer and unit
or number format answer and unit
but less finish 2,1 first
+ foreach( $this->ap->units as $keyunit=>$multiplier){
+ $test = $value/$multiplier ;
+ if ($answer->within_tolerance($test)) {
+ $answer->id = $aid;
+ $answer->unit = $keyunit;
+ $answer->selectedunit = $unit;
+ $answer->value = $value ;
+ $answer->numberformatgrade = $numericalformat->grade ;
+ $answerwithintolerances[]= $answer ;
+ }
+ }
+ }else{
+ if ($answer->within_tolerance($value)) {
+ $answer->id = $aid;
+ $answer->value = $value ;
+ $answer->numberformatgrade = $numericalformat->grade ;
+ $answerwithintolerances[]= $answer ;
+ }
+ }
This was missing (just in case) and Ipad does not allow reediting among other things...
I have been agonising all day about what 'Right number, but wrong unit' really means.
I don't like the 2.0 definition which involves multiplying all possible numerical answers by all possible unit multipliers. I think that is too hard to understand and for the teacher to control.
In the end, I decided 'right numerical value' meant just the right number typed.
So, if the question has right answer 1.23 m, with second unit 100 cm = 1 m, then:
Right: 1.23 m or 123 cm
Right number, wrong unit: 1.23 or 1.23 frogs or 1.23 cm
Wrong: 123 m
If the teacher wants the response 123 m to be graded partially correct, then they must add 123 as a second answer.
This may not be 100% right, but I think it correctly grades almost all cases I can think of. At least this is the best I can do before 2.1 is released. Fingers crossed.
I somehow begin to understand why we don't have the same point of view about what is unit penalty ?
If I come back to my real classroom experience, when I ask student to calculate say the surface of a cercle, I expect a numerical figure and a unit in accordance with the numerical unit and somewhere on their exam I should see a pi* r2 calculation.
Most important did they put the correct r (if for example I gave them the diameter).
So the good numerical can be different if they use different unit ( we are more than bilingual in québec, we are multiunits ) cm, m inches etc...
If they have one of these values, then they have a good numerical response.
Then and only then I can apply the penalty unit if they get loss in the unit expressed. I have even different unit penalties in a case as area (if the unit used is an area unit the penalty is less than if they use a linear unit ...)
This is what I try to expressed in all my docs (and in the related code), but it seems that I failed as a teacher
Your experience as a computer expert could be related to your way to see things this way. If you program say a figure dimension and you put a size too large, it won't fit in the screen and the result is bad...
You could be reluctant to give to such a result a good grade ???
On the other end, this could be corrected in the first release days.
As a final note, this is a minor part of all the great work you have done...
P.S. If you can do it, put it back as I suggest and if everything is not OK, I can easily take the blame at my age
"If the teacher want 123 m to be graded partially correct he should set 123 as a partial graded answer"
This could be the case if the units were defiend differently as without a first unit with a unity multiplication faactor and the other ones with specific multiplication factors.
In this initial logic where the multiply factor was associated with a given unit, if the student does not use the good unit which has not 1 as multiplier then the grade was 0.
In a unit penalty schema the unit is not if it is not written correctly or not the good unit or even is not given. Discriminating between these bad units will be much more complex.
What I want to explain is that when we set a unit and its multiplier with a value different from one,we set that the resulting number i.e 123 is as valid as 1.23.
So it should grade as 1.23
I am trying to imagine your scenario, and I find it very difficult to visualise in a way that is convincing. What I imagine is a question like:
"A circle has radius 5cm, what is its area? (remember to give the correct unit)"
Accepted units cm^2, m^2, inch^2
Correct answer: 78.5398163 cm^2
I do not believe that a student would ever try to give the response using any unit other than cm^2 after reading that question text.
Of course we should be able to verify this when you get back from holiday. Looking in the DB to see what responses your students really gave for some real questions.
I expect I am imagining the wrong sort of example question. Please continue to teach me.
I also think that since ancient history, the unit handling in the numerical qtype has been really terrible. What you did in 2.0 was a really clever way to make it much more useful, while still being mostly backwards-compatible. However, being backwards compatible is really hard.
I wonder if the best long-term plan would be:
1. Keep qtype_numeric for number-only questions - deprecate all the unit options there.
2. Make a completely new qtype, for example qtype_numberandunit, where we can implement unit grading in a logical way, without having to worry about backwards-compatibility.
Integrated, yay!
(finally added one more commit about single-line whitespace fix)
Thanks for all the hard brainstorming Pierre and Tim!
"I expect that I am imagining the wrong sort of example question. Please continue to teach me"
Effectively in such a question, I will never imagine a teacher setting the various units and the coefficient on a moodle question
However just change your question by
A circle has a radius of 0,00005km, what is its area ?(remember to give the correct unit)
Accepted units are cm2 or m2 ( I will not ask for inch2 as this imply another conversion.
In such a case part of the students will first convert to m so radius is 0,05m and will either
calculate with 0,05 m
or convert this to 5 cm which is easier to calculate.
This is why the unit option was set with the multiplier in Moodle.
As far as I remember, there is no multiply factor in WebCT although there is a unit penalty factor.So the unit penalty is more simple to code.
And this multiplier is the main reason why we should grade by testing all the units -number combination. It effectively sets different numerical values that can test against the correct answer value.
We don't need to add another 123 value as you suggest upward.
That is a more convincing example. Since this issue is now closed, I have created MDL-28118 so we don't forget about this issue.
Got error while creating numerical question.
Notice: Undefined variable: x in /usr/local/www/moodle/question/type/numerical/edit_numerical_form.php on line 294 Call Stack: 0.0014 879608 1.
This is happening because of change in question/type/numerical/edit_numerical_form.php#294 (in function is_valid_answer).
Just a note that
MDL-28138 was created to deal with the problem in the previous comment. I am looking at it.
Hello Tim,
There are two functions which seems to be broken.
One I mentioned earlier (is_valid_answer), is a bloker.
Other mentioned in
MDL-28138 (float_format) is not a blocker, but yeah it will be nice to have a look at it.
Hope this helps.
Oh, I did not realise about the is_valid_ansewr thing.
MDL-28138 is ready for integration.
Fixed, with an extra commit https://github.com/timhunt/moodle/commit/e42646b167e10462abe025d8781ddf2fe0364961 on the end of the
MDL-27418 branch.
Please integrate, and sorry for my mistake.


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GREEN RIVER-Charles Wendell Weber, age 68, passed away Jan. 16, 2008 at home surrounded by his loving family after a long and valiant battle with lymphoma. Wendell was born on Aug. 19, 1939 in Green River, to Albert Weber and Vera Hanks Weber. He married Grace Marie Barnes in Nucla, Colo. on Oct. 21, 1963.
Wendell was raised and educated in Green River. He lived in a variety of places while working in the oil fields throughout the western United States, during which time he came to meet his loving wife. Wendell returned to Green River in 1965 where he started his first true profession as a Utah Highway Patrolman.
As a highway patrolman, Wendell served the State of Utah faithfully for 18 years. During which time, he earned the respect of all he met and gained numerous lifelong friends. Wendell's professional achievements as a peace officer were many, highlighted by earning the Golden Beehive Award twice. However, Wendell always felt his greatest achievements as a peace officer were in his fair and honest service to his community and his sharing these same values will his fellow officers.
Upon retiring from the Utah Highway Patrol, Wendell found his second career as the executive director of the Green River Medical Center. During which time, he again faithfully served his community. The respect and friendship of many were again gained during this service, as well as the satisfaction of a job well done in improving the health care services of the town in which he called home.
Wendell loved the outdoors and the joys of hunting and fishing were no stranger to him. Later in life, the golf course was his outdoor home away from home. Wendell found pleasure in working on and improving his yard and home.
He is survived by his loving wife who with him fought the effects of his illness until the end. As well as their daughters; Wendy (Jake) Mouery of Old Fort, N.C. and Rebecca (Abel) Herrera of Green River, Utah. His son; Jeff (Serena) Weber of Castle Dale, Utah, his grandchildren; Karma, Sabrina, Dalan, Lane, Cheyenne, Tony, and Ariah, as well as his sister; Georgia Moffett of Sacramento, Calif.
He is preceded in death by his mother and father, brothers; Albert Jr. and Verd. And sisters; Berta, Frances and Verna Jean.
As per Wendell's wishes, there will be no formal funeral services. A memorial gathering with friends and family will be at 11 am, Saturday, Jan. 26, 2008, at the Green River Bible Church. Arrangements are in the care of Fausett Mortuary.
HELPER- Our loving mother, grandmother, and friend, Amelia "MeLee" Tallerico Pero, age 89 passed away peacefully Jan. 18, 2008 in Price.
She was born March 29, 1918 in Price to Joe and Tresa Mancini Tallerico.
Married Frank E. Pero Sr. July 22, 1941 in Elko, Nev. He died Dec. 21, 1987.
Amelia was a devout member of St. Anthony Catholic Church in Helper. She was a member of the Price lady of Elks, and Stella D'America Italian Lodge #77. She will be dearly missed by those who knew and loved her.
Survived by her children, Frank L. (Cindy L.) Pero, Helper; Linda (Tim) Elrod, Hurst, Texas; grandchildren, Amie Christiansen, Troy Elrod, Tracey Elrod-Primm; great grandchildren, Greyson, Madison, Mariah; sisters, Frances Olivetto and Mary Williams.
Preceded in death by her parents; sister Katherine Zaccaria; brothers, Nick, John, Sam, and Emilio Tallerico.
Funeral Mass will be held Tuesday Jan. 22, 2008 at 10 a.m. at St. Anthony Catholic Church.
Vigil service was held Monday evening at 7 p.m. at St. Anthony Catholic Church in Helper.
Family was at the church Monday and Tuesday one hour prior to service.
Committal in the Mt. View Cemetery, Helper. Arrangements entrusted to Mitchell Funeral Home of Price.
In lieu of flowers family suggests donations to the Bee Hive Homes 1025 West 470 North, Price, Utah 84501.
1960 - 2008
ORANGEVILLE-James Bret (Razor) Blackburn, age 47, of Orangeville, died Jan.12, 2008 at his home in Orangeville. He was born Dec. 10, 1960 in Phoenix, Ariz., a son of Jimmy Lea and Joan Sandra Samples Blackburn.
He married Jolene Salisbury, Sept. 2, 1989 in Salina, Utah. They were later divorced.
Bret served in the United States Navy on the USS McKean from 1980 to 1984. He was a member of the LDS Church.
Razor, as he was known by all his friends, enjoyed horseback riding, hunting, camping, being a mechanic, a musician and spending time with his boys. He was one of the last true cowboys.
He is survived by his three boys, James (Mavrick) Elias Blackburn, Brayden Seth Blackburn and John Tyler Blackburn and their mother, Jolene Salisbury Blackburn, all of Mayfield; his parents: Joan Sandra and Richard (Pa) Sudweeks of Redmond; Jimmy Lea and Elaine Blackburn of Salina; sisters and brother: Cheryl Jean and Steve Critchet of Sandy Valley, Nev.; Jimmy Lee and Ruth Gamad Blackburn of Ferron; Delanna Jo and Trent Riley of Clawson; step-sister and step-brothers: Kim and Layne Johnson, Paul and Shelley Fallon, and Dale Fallon, all of Hurricane.
Memorial services were held Saturday, Jan. 19, 2008 at 12 Noon in the Springer Turner Funeral Home Chapel, 260 North 400 West in Richfield, Utah. Burial will take place at a later date.
Funeral directors: Springer Turner Funeral Home of Richfield, Salina and Gunnison, Utah.
On line guest book at: www.springerturner.com
Elva Jensen, age 82, our loving wife, sister, mother, grandmother, great-grandmother and friend passed away peacefully Sunday, Jan. 20, 2008. Elva was born Oct. 2, 1925, to Dee Oviatt and Lillian Irene Erickson in Storrs, Carbon County, Utah. She married Ted Jensen in 1943 and lived with him in Elmo.
Elva enjoyed her many children and great-grandchildren and was actively involved in their lives. She made many quilts and comforters for them and others. She generously shared her delicious homemade bread with family, friends and strangers.
Elva is survived by her husband, Ted; brother, Volmer; sisters, Agnes, Sally, and Marva; her children, Brent (Lorna), Vicki (Randy), Pete (Claudia), and Anne; and her grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
She was preceded in death by her daughter, Connie Lee; son, Glen; and other family members.
Funeral services will be held Saturday, Jan. 26, 2008 at 11 a.m. at the Elmo LDS Chapel. There will be a viewing one hour prior to the service at the Chapel. Interment will be at the Cleveland City Cemetery. Services are in the care of Fausett Mortuary.
CLEVELAND-Our special son, and loving brother, Richard John McCarrie, age 59, passed away peacefully Jan. 16, 2008 in Bountiful after a lifelong battle with his health.
He was born Dec. 11, 1949 in Price, Utah to Robert F. and Alice Cameron McCarrie.
Ricky loved watching Jazz basketball, western movies, and horseback riding. He will be dearly missed by all who knew and loved him.
Survived by his sister, Christine (Glen) Roberts, Lubbock, Texas; brother, Rodney McCarrie, Green River, Wyo.; and many loving nieces and nephews.
Richard was preceded in death by his parents, three brothers, Robert J., Raymond, and Russell.
Graveside service was held Saturday, Jan. 19, 2008 at 11 a.m. in the Cleveland City Cemetery. Family was at Mitchell Funeral Home Saturday from 9-10:15 a.m. Arrangements entrusted to Mitchell Funeral Home of Price.
CLAWSON-Carolyn Seely age 79, passed away peacefully of complications from Alzheimer's Disease in the Emery County Care and Rehab Center, Jan. 18, 2008
Carolyn was born Nov. 12, 1928, in Ayr, Neb., the daughter of Emery and Alda Woodworth. She married Guy Seely in 1965. She is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Carolyn has worked as a bookkeeper at the Ferron Nursing Home, librarian at the Ferron Library, custodian at the Ferron Elementary School, and guard at the Hunter power plant.
She was a very loving and caring wife, mother, and grandmother, and will be greatly missed. She enjoyed embroidery, needlepoint, and a variety of crafts.
She is survived by her husband, Guy, son and daughter-in-law Tony and Kathy Aragon, daughter and son-in-law, Cathy and Michael Rice, daughter and son-in-law Richelle and Randy Taylor, 11 grandchildren, seven great-grandchildren, and three nieces and their families. She was preceded in death by her parents, her son, Pat Aragon, her two sisters, and a niece.
The family expresses gratitude to the Emery County Care and Rehab Center.
Funeral services will be Tuesday, Jan. 22, 2 p.m. at Fausett Mortuary in Castle Dale, 720 North Center Street. A viewing will be from 1-1:45 p.m., prior to the services at Fausett Mortuary.
A second viewing will be held Wednesday, Jan. 23, at North Ogden 12th Ward, 1791 North 600 East, North Ogden, Utah, 11-11:45 am, followed by funeral services at 12 noon. Interment, Ben Lomond Cemetery, North Ogden, Utah. Services are in the care of Fausett Mortuary.
HELPER/SUTTER CREEK,CALIF.- Our loving and devoted mother, Josephine A. Oberster, age 85, passed away Jan.15, 2008 at Sutter Amador Hospital in Jackson, Calif.
She was born Feb. 24, 1922 in Castle Gate, Utah to John and Mary DeRose Lupo.
Married Albert J. Oberster, June 25, 1955 in Raton, N.M.; he passed away Dec. 28, 1965.
Josephine was a member of the Catholic Church. She loved cooking, cleaning and going shopping with her son. She enjoyed visiting with her friends and some of her fondest memories were those she shared with her nephews. She was a longtime resident of Carbon County and in 2004 she moved to California to be with her son.
Josephine is survived by her son, John F. Lee, Sutter Creek, Calif.; nephews, Fred Lupo, Price, and Gary Lupo, Helper.
Preceded in death by her parents, brothers, Santo, Louie and Frank; and a sister Helen Yakich.
Funeral service will be held Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008 at 11 a.m. at Mitchell Funeral Home. Family will receive friends at Mitchell's Wednesday one hour prior to service. Committal service, Mt. View Cemetery.
CARBONVILLE-Hilma Pollock Birch age 94 of Carbonville, passed away Sunday, Jan. 20, 2008 at her home. Funeral services will be at 2 p.m., Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2008 at the Spring Glen LDS Church. A viewing will be held Monday, Jan. 28, 2008 at Fausett Mortuary in Price, from 6-8 p.m. and one hour prior to the services at the church on Tuesday. Burial will be in Price City Cemetery. Services are in the care of Fausett Mortuary.


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Michael's world collapses when his actions force a tactical assault team to come after him and everyone he cares about. With his back against a corner, Michael will need to do everything in his power to hold them off, even if it means making the ultimate sacrifice.
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When spies get fired, they don't get a letter from human resources. Michael Weston got a "burn notice" and became untouchable and he has no idea what or who triggered his demise. Stuck in his hometown in Miami, a place he never wanted to return to, with his ex-girlfriend and his old partner, Michael is determined to find out the reason for his sudden termination. Unable to utilize his normal contacts and needing to stay under the spy network radar, he puts his Special Ops training to use to help those who the police can't or won't, in order to fund his ongoing personal investigation.


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Don't forget the "For Sale" forum here on Hammock Forums. People selling their used stuff all the time. I'd done some trading here and never had a bad experience. Equipment has always been in good, used shape.
Don't forget the "For Sale" forum here on Hammock Forums. People selling their used stuff all the time. I'd done some trading here and never had a bad experience. Equipment has always been in good, used shape.
"The power of the imagination makes us infinite."
John Muir
IMO, the two most neccesary items are the most expensive. Rain cover and insulation. A welcome expense to some, but I am a budget wise kind of guy. I make more than some but not as much as most. What I did was sacrificed weight for those 2 items until I feel like it is more neccesary to have cuben fiber and down. I have a poly tarp from my base exchange (like the ones at walmart but in camo) and a campmor tarp that is poly coated for winter time use(if i ever get to see winter again). I have a military poncho liner underquilt for my back side insulation that i bought at a surplus store for around $40. I have spent a total with 2 tarps and UQ about $100 for the 3 items. Hammocking comfortably on a budget is very possible, and to save when you finally yearn for those top end items is to make them yourself, also giving yourself a sense of accomplishment with your hobby as well.
"We do not go to the green woods and crystal waters to rough it, we go to smooth it."- G. W. Sears
My forum name is Fish<><; I'm in the navy; and I hate sleeping on the ground. If I didn't need ground to walk on or measure resistance to, I think I could happily give it up.
Given that you're not starting from scratch with camping, I'd say you are a long way already.
- You have a sleeping bag - that's your top quilt. It's what I use.
- You have a pad - can be used in the hammock too, I started with a foam pad myself. I bought a cheap snugpak synthetic UQ to try it out - liked it a lot, so invested in a hammockgear incubator. But the pad was scertainly functional.
- You have a hammock, I guess, since you started trying already.
- Do you have a tarp from the other camping you do? If you do, it works fine.
There, a complete set-up to start with. And then as you go along, you decide what to invest in. My first step was to get a better hammock than the one I started with. The second was to get an UQ - this was a more important step for comfort. I still use my regular sleeping bag, see no need (so far) for a TQ.
Btw, get in the bag before you get into the hammock. Sit in the hammock, insert your feet and get the bag up as far as possible, then stand up and pull it up all the way. Sit back down in the hammock, and proceed to enjoy your soon-to-be comfy, rocked-to-sleep, cradled night of Z:s.
Last edited by K0m4; 11-15-2012 at 08:21.
Make yourself a tablecloth hammock. $20
The Chinook tarp is supposed to be pretty nice. $40
You've got a pad and a sleeping bag. You should be good to go
An underquilt is nice though. I got a lot of my gear on the for sale section here. Many people buy multiple set ups, try them out, then sell them in almost new condition.
If you ain't havin' fun, you're doin' it wrong
My original setup was cost conscious:
$15.00 - Grand Trunk UltraLite
$7.99 - 8x10 Harbor Freight Camo Poly Tarp
$6.00 - 50' of Paracord (Tarp Ridge line and pull outs)
$25.00 - Pawley's Island Tree Straps
$8.00 - Adjustable Whoopie Slings
$35.00 - Field & Stream 20* Mummy Bag
$10.00 - Walmart CCF Foam Pad
$15.00 - 12 Aluminum Y-Stakes
$122.00 - Total
Substitute Stansport Tree Straps ($12.50) for Pawley's Ilsand and your under a $110, then upgrade your equipment as funds allow.
My current set up
$15.00 - Grand Trunk UltraLite
$8.00 - Adjustable Whoopie Slings
$185.00 - Warbonnet Mamajamba Tarp w door kit
$90.00 - KAQ New River Under Quilt (Aquired from Forum Member)
$125.00 - KAQ Owyhee Top Quilt (Aquired from Forum Member)
$15.00 - 12 Aluminum Y-Stakes / Only use 6 the others are back ups
$4.00 - Tarp Ridge Line
$5.00 - Nite Ize S-Biners for Tarp Ridge Line
Adjustable Ridge Line for Hammock (Aquired thru PIF Thread)
12' Python Skin Traded (Aquired in a Trade)
3 Pocket ACU Ridgeline Orginizer (Aquired in a Trade)
6' Tree Huggers (Aquired thru PIF Thread)
$447.00 - Invested so far and that will grow as I have the funds to upgrade or add new equipment. I'm finding it's a learning experience
If you shop around you can find what you need
Last edited by fishbait; 11-15-2012 at 10:05.
"Any night in a hammock, is a good night."
HF Terms of Service, For Sale Forum Rules, For Trade Forum Rules, Pay it Forward Rules
My Current Base Pack Weight
NEVER, Never, never say aloud how much money you spend on your camping gear...period.
"Any night in a hammock, is a good night."
HF Terms of Service, For Sale Forum Rules, For Trade Forum Rules, Pay it Forward Rules
My Current Base Pack Weight
How about this....
Claytor Jungle Hammock
Includes Hammock and tarp....$150 new
Straps, cinch buckles and Dutch Clips upgrade for suspension...about about $50
I would sell it to you for $125....very good condition. It is my wife's and has seen little use.
You could buy the Eno Hot Spot which will hold a Thermarest pad or any other with the wing attachments.
For just over $150 you'd be ready to hang with a very solid rig. It's not the lightest but it's a far cry from $800.


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VOLUME 1: Muay Thai Footwork & Defense Part 1This video will lay the foundation to Y power in Muay Thai. Here World Champion Duke Roufus teaches the fundamentals of stance, weight distrib watch video >>
VOLUME 2: Muay Thai Footwork & Defense Part 2This video will bring you into one of the most critical areas of Muay Thai and full contact fighting, defending against kicks! According to Du watch video >>
VOLUME 3: Muay Thai Full Contact PunchingThis explosive video will teach you everything you ever wanted to know about punching in a full contact match. Nothing is missed, as you will lear watch video >>


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Jack Casey has been appointed vice president of the board of directors of the James L. Maher Center. He is the former chief operating officer and executive director of Battleship Cove and has been a member of the Knights of Columbus for more than 45 years. Casey holds a bachelor's degree in marine engineering from Maine Maritime Academy and has served as a town selectman. •
12 hours ago
Monday, February 20
Yesterday at 12:21 PM


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a ray of sunshine
This page is about the idiom a ray of sunshine.
Meaning: Something is a ray of sunshine if it brings happiness to someone.
For example:
- The birth of Debra's first grandchild less than a year after her husband died came as a much-needed ray of sunshine in her life.
- After years of struggling to get established as a writer, the publication of her first short story was a ray of sunshine for Ruth.
Quick Quiz:
The kids in the hospital had a ray of sunshine in their lives when
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Contributor: Matt Errey


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Canon EF 50mm f/1.4 USM
Further readings for the Canon EF 50mm f/1.4 USM
To provide photographers with a broader perspective about mobiles, lenses and cameras, here are links to articles, reviews, and analyses of photographic equipment produced by DxOMark, renown websites, magazines or blogs.
Along with the 35mm f/1.8 reviewed previously, third-party maker Tamron also announced an almost identical-looking 45mm f/1.8 model. Like its sibling, this new high-grade prime features image stabilization, one ED glass element, and two aspheres. Read on to find out how well this new model performs.
Our technicians have tested no fewer than 130 lenses on Canon's 50.6Mp EOS 5DS R Digital SLR. With the results for both prime and zoom lenses covering a diverse range of focal lengths, we've got all the data you need for picking out the right lens. In Part 1 of our three-part review, we bring you the analyzed and verified scores for standard zoom lenses as well as 35mm, 50mm and 85mm primes on the Canon EOS 5DS R.
In the first part of our comprehensive lens recommendations for the new entry-level Canon EOS Rebel T5 / 1200D, we've assessed a raft of primes from both the maker and third parties to see how well they perform on the camera. As well as highlighting the best performers we've also taken a closer look at the best on a budget.
Announced this past June alongside the Canon EOS Rebel T4i DSLR camera, the new Canon EF 40mm f/2.8 STM is an ultra-slim, entry-level pancake lens that uses Canon's Stepping Motor Technology (STM) to enable extra-quiet continuous autofocus, making it well-suited for video shooting.
(This review has been prepared with Focus Numérique, a French photo news website)
Owning a 50mm lens is probably a must for any photographer. These primes are ideal for many good reasons. Mounted on a full-frame body, they provide a neutral field of view. Not a wide-angle, and not yet a telephoto lens, it is said to be close to human vision. On wide sensors, a 50mm lens can be the perfect companion for many different activities, including reportage, portraits, or even landscapes.
Mounted on an APS-C sensor, they become a short 75mm telephoto that is highly suitable for portraits.


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text: Jersey Club homie, DJ Hoodboi, has teamed up with M|O|D's Arnold for a solid rework of Future's truthful tune, "Honest," and to be quite honest, I'd actually prefer the guys' new remix over the original (pls don't tell Future). Lots of great stuff coming from both of these producers at the moment, so make sure to check out both of their Soundclouds (Hoodboi & Arnold) and download this one for free here. √+


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Alkali Hockey CA9 Roller Skate - 11
The Alkali CA9 roller hockey skate is the premier skate from Alkali Hockey. Taking what they learned from over 20+ years in the roller hockey industry, the founders of Alkali have created a pro level skate that is surely going to take your game to the next level. Featuring Alkali's Lithium Science construction, they went with advanced EPP foam and Surlyn quarters and a carbon fiber outsole for excellent response. On the bottom is Alkali's magnesium all 80mm chassis with Labeda Addiction wheels to make you unstoppable on the court.
Product NotesView All Alkali Hockey View All Skateboards & Skates
List: $674.15
|CA9 Roller Skate
|Currently Unavailable
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Study in the USA - Flagstaff, Arizona
Displaying 1-2 of 2 results.
Coconino Community College
Flagstaff, Arizona
Public University
Approximate Cost: $3,908.00
International Students: 71
Search Match:Info
Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, Arizona
Public University
Approximate Cost: $37,000.00
International Students: 862
Search Match:Info
Note: Some of the schools in the InternationalStudent.com School Search database have not reported all of the data we make available. When this is the case, it is indicated by 'N/A' (not applicable).


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Andis Hang-Up 1600 Hair Dryer
- Overview
- Features
- Hang-up hair dryer with night light
- Three position switch
- Switch position #1 setting low air, switch position #2 high air,
- Switch position OFF turns device off or return device to wall-mount cradle to switch off.
- About the brand
The Andis Hang-Up 1600 hair dryer's sturdy construction allows you to attach the unit, hotel style, to your bathroom wall for ultimate convenience.
Model#: HD-3L / SKU: 006072
Over 75 years ago Andis began in basement of the Andis family home in Racine, Wisconsin; the family wound coils and assembled their first product, a clipper. Thanks to the success of that first clipper, Andis has become a leader in personal grooming appliances, including clippers, flat irons, hair dryers, and curling irons.