text:
Song Video
Jack and Jill went up the hill,
To fetch a pail of water.
Jack fell down and broke his crown,
And Jill came tumbling after.
Up Jack got and home he ran,
As fast as he could caper.
There his mother bound his head,
With vinegar and brown paper.
This song was originally posted at:
Information About Jack and Jill
This nursery rhyme is an all time classic. Complete details of its origin are not known and whatever is known is somewhat obscure but Jack and Jill can be traced back to the 18th century. The lyrics were first published in John Newbery's Mother Goose's Melody in the 1760s.
The names Jack and Jill appear together in two of Shakespeare's plays: A Midsummer's Night's Dream and Love's Labour's Lost. However, there is no evidence to say that he is referencing the nursery rhyme characters and may just be using Jack and Jill to represent a common name for man and woman.
Jill is a unit of liquid measurement (1/2 gallon).
Jack is also a unit of liquid measurement (a quart).
The song may be about the king raising taxes on alcohol.
Jack refers to King Louis of France when he got beheaded ("and broke his crown") and Jill the Queen "came tumbling after". The rhyme was later altered so it could become more suitable for children.
For any further information about the song "Jack and Jill" you may find Wikipedia helpful.
Alternative Lyrics & Related Songs
An alternate 2nd Verse
Up Jack got and home did trot
as fast as he could caper
Where Old Dame Trot
wrapped up his knot
With vinegar and brown paper.
The counting version moves on
Jill came in and she did grin
To see his paper plaster;
Mother vexed did whip her next
For causing Jack's disaster.
And a fourth:.
Now Jack did laugh and Jill did cry
But her tears did soon abate;
Then Jill did say that they should play
At see-saw across the gate.
Some new arrangements of the words that make this song fun
Up he got and home he trot
As fast as he could caper
Went to bed and wrapped his head
In vinegar and brown paper.
Jill came in,
how she did grin,
to see Jack's paper plaster,
Mother vexed and spanked her next,
for causing Jack's disaster.
Of course there are a lot of versions
Jack and Jill went up the hill
To fetch a pail of water.
Jack fell down and broke his crown,
And Jill came tumbling after.
Up Jack got, and home did trot,
As fast as he could caper,
To old Dame Dob, who patched his nob
With vinegar and brown paper.
Listen to this song's music
32 Comments
Giggles, Dominican Republic
18 July 2016 at 2:26am
Fihgriertefs in uphill battle as dry summer heat, winds fan wildfires across West. Dear author I read your article, the mood becomes happy, thank you for your selfless dedication.
Secret girl, United States
6 February 2016 at 5:19am
Jack and jill had a baby and it was very lazy and it was so lazy it drove them crazy and thats how i learned it
alexis, Australia
10 August 2015 at 8:45am
hi i have a assignment that is the reason why im here
atasha_cutie31, Canada
10 August 2015 at 8:43am
here cause my younger sister need to memories the song :*
atasha_cutie31, Canada
10 August 2015 at 8:43am
here cause my younger sister need to memories the song :*
atasha_cutie31, Canada
10 August 2015 at 8:43am
here cause my younger sister need to memories the song :*
jhdfhalkv, jfskfslv
18 June 2014 at 5:45am
Aleah, United States
3 April 2014 at 3:13am
I lie it
Dipa, India
14 April 2013 at 4:00pm
Awesome for little boy
Molly, United States
29 January 2013 at 1:45am
How about Jackass and Jill?
Jennifer, India
21 October 2011 at 7:36pm
i love this song so much...i know the dance of this..
Some Ov You People Are Crazy. I Am Not, United States
28 June 2011 at 11:13pm
I love this song, and don't you know yong children read this site. You people have to stop posting unclean coments!
Secret Girl, United States
23 June 2011 at 10:15pm
lol thats funny! silly jill forgot her pill. jack u naughty boy! i had a friend who brought weed brownies 2 skool and she got kicked out of skool. crazy boy! he was crazy 4 doing that. i <3 Chuy! people, Chuy is a guy i really like.
Yaya, United States
17 May 2011 at 3:53am
LOL! Jack and Jill went up the hill to have a little fun, Jill forgot to take her pill and now they have a son! LOL, I like that, too funny! Yall know better, whoever put this on here, smh!
Wiena, Indonesia
25 April 2011 at 6:54am
i like this song..., my daughter too
Pat, Armenia
28 March 2011 at 3:45pm
James, Korea, Republic Of
3 March 2011 at 5:15am
My students love this song..I mean all the songs in this site!
Fadia, Thailand
2 March 2011 at 4:21am
I like this song , it's so fun *-*
Selena, United States
26 February 2011 at 10:40am
hi guys im from america and i dont like this rhyme its for babys when i was a kid yeah but not know
Lucille, United States
29 January 2011 at 5:09am
Jack and Jill went up the hill to have a little fun jill forgot to take her pill and now they have a son!


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Top Definition
A wiki created by and for white supremacists that typically takes a pro-nazi, pro-aryan look at different subjects. Well, not really - these different subjects basically amount to talking shit about black people.
Adam took a look at Metapedia and was offended by its blatantly racist content.
by Lord Necronus September 15, 2009
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text:
For Immediate Release
April 7, 2006
CONTACT: Corey Ray
(202) 616-1728
Closed-Circuit Television: Panacea to Crime and Disorder or Invasion Of Privacy?
Washington, DC - The U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) has released a guide debating the use of video surveillance technologies, such as closed circuit television (CCTV), by law enforcement to address crime problems.
In today's world, the public is used to being watched by surveillance technology in many commercial and semi-public establishments such as banks, casinos, convenience stores, and shopping malls. The benefits of utilizing CCTV may include a reduction in crime, reduced fear of crime, aid to police investigation, place management and information gathering.
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Video Surveillance of Public Places, part of the COPS Office Response Guide Series, is available on the COPS website at www.cops.usdoj.gov or by calling 800.421.6770. All publications are available free of charge.


text:
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text:
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With the necessary skills and know-how, they warrant the authenticity of your Rolex and ensure that your Rolex enjoys a five-year guarantee.
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The Oyster Perpetual Explorer embodies the spirit of adventure and the perseverance that lies behind every exploit.
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Hercules, California 94547
United States
|Law School
|Santa Clara University School of Law
|Most recent firm
|24 Hour Fitness USA, Inc.
|Relevant Jobs
Law Clerk
USA-CA-Beverly Hills
Want to learn to litigate? Plaintiff employment law firm seeks summer law clerk for established litigation practice. Experience in employment law or litigation highly desirable. Second year law stud...
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Our office is looking for a full time legal assistant with at least one year of legal experience working in a law firm (preferably employment law). The legal assistant will be supporting two attorne...
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A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.


text:
LifeStride Yilton Wedge Sandal
Sorry, this item is sold out!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
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Item # 267012
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- Faux leather grooved upper
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November 05, 2013
Comfy if your feet aren't swollen
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Photography Gallery
Upstairs downstairs Photographs of Britain 1874-1990
Dates + times
3 Sept 2011 – 18 Dec 2011
Open 10.00 am – 5.00 pm every day
- General information +61 2 6240 6411
- Visitors requiring mobility assistance
+61 2 6240 6411
- email contact
Previous displays
- Finding your place in the world:
Asian photomedia
- Trent Parke:
The Christmas Tree Bucket
- Present History:
a selection of photographs of New Zealand 960s to the present
- American street:
seventy years of a photographic tradition
- Underground:
photographs of mining and miners 1850 to the present
- Penguins and Ice:
Photographs of Antarctica 1910–2010
- Upstairs downstairs:
Photographs of Britain 1874-1990
Image detail above:
Lewis Morley
Black couple and carousel at Hampstead fun fair c.1959
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
© Lewis Morley
Photography has long served the rich, the famous and the infamous. It has also had many practitioners who have championed the lives of those whose names history has never known. The social documentary tradition, focusing on the lives of ordinary people – usually those powerless to tell their story – has been a driving force in British photography. This is hardly a surprise in a society traditionally marked by class divisions and prejudices.
Many photographers, eager to tell their stories to as many people as possible, found wide audiences in the pages of newspapers and magazines or published them as books. During the Second World War and on through the fifties, the hugely popular picture magazines, in particular, served as fundamental tools in stabilising the nation. They also promoted a concept of what it was to be British: primarily the gift of getting on with things in the face of adversity.
The intentions behind the work vary greatly. Often there was a desire to bring awareness, to show how 'the other half' lives; some photographers coupled this with a passionate yearning to bring change. Others have sought to amuse and entertain, from Arthurian legends made 'real' to the delights of children at play.
Photographers included in Upstairs downstairs: photographs of Britain 1874–1990 are Julia Margaret Cameron, John Thomson, Cecil Beaton, Felix H. Man, Humphrey Spender, Edith Tudor Hart, Bill Brandt, Grace Robertson, Bert Hardy, David Moore, David Potts, Roger Mayne, Lewis Morley, Chris Killip, Martin Parr and Nick Waplington. There is also a selection of books and magazines from the National Gallery of Australia Research Library. It is on show at the National Gallery of Australia in the photospace until 18 December 2011.


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Oracle Solaris 10 Update 9: FMA Fixes
By user9148476 on Sep 08, 2010
6627041 Add a PSN nv-pair to the authority portion of the FMRI scheme
This may be less exciting to the end users, but my top favorite. This fix includes the product serial number (PSN) into the FMA fault telemetry. It's a key piece of information to improve the Oracle Auto Service Request (ASR) program. With the PSN, the "Auto" part of ASR is sped up. Hmm...maybe this is exciting for customers - you'll get a faster turn around time on parts servicing.
6502086 DBU errors should be diagnosed as HV defect/fault
6502089 ferg.invalid errors should be diagnosed as a fault
These two CRs provide a level of diagnosis for firmware issues on the sun4v systems. The first covers an error that should not happen unless there's a bug in the hypervisor. The second warrants a little explanation. On CMT systems, FMA telemetry is sourced in the SP - the hardware error is collected in the SP, packaged into an ereport, and provided to Solaris. If the error bits collected can't be mapped to a defined ereport, a "ferg.invalid" ereport is produced. Basically saying "There's been an error, but can't determine what kind". This shouldn't happen outside the lab. If it does, it indicates a logic flaw in the firmware on the SP.
6764337 Needs level 2 FMA compliance for chipset 5100 MCH
6889350 fma fails if DIMM sizes are mixed
A couple of fixes for various Intel configurations. The first enhancing FMA support to include another memory controller chipset. Oracle's CP3250 blades use the 5100 chipset. The second here fixes up a bug - the bug description is self explanatory.
6860401 FMA CPU Topology & Memory Topology needs to support Magny Cours(Multi chip Module)
6812502 Enable Generic-AMD FMA memory topology for Istanbul
These fixes enable CPU and memory diagnosis for the more recent AMD processor offerings. Beyond the typical changes of new model numbers, these processors have a more interesting topology with multiple processing nodes within a single package. Solaris 10 Update 9 understands these chips and creates the correct topology to support FMA diagnosis.


text:
J.D. and Terry Seely, of Ferron, announce the marriage of their daughter, Callie, to Robert Keach, son of Bill and Marcia Keach, of Lindon. The couple will be married June 3, in the Salt Lake City LDS Temple. Receptions will be held in their honor June 4 from 6-8 p.m. at the Oasis Garden, 1145 N. 575 W. (DesBeeDove Road), Castle Dale and June 5 at LDS Church, 325 N. Canal Drive, Lindon. We welcome all to come and celebrate with them.
Callie is a 2006 graduate of Emery High School, 2008 graduate of the College of Eastern Utah and a 2010 graduate of Utah State University. She served as an ambassador at both CEU and USU. She earned a bachelor of science in Entrepreneurship and a bachelor of science in Human Resource Management from the Department of Management with a minor in Marketing.
Robbie graduated from Klein High School, Houston, Texas in 2005 and served an LDS mission to Philadelphia, Pa. He is currently attending Brigham Young University, majoring in Actuarial Science. The couple will spend their summer in Denver where Robbie is working as an intern for Halliburton. They will return to Utah County in the fall to work and continue their education.


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text:
having a cuppa coffee..
enjoying my morning coffee.
tidying around the house..
hi friends
I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas
having my lunch..
Sitting (ALONE) in Chat, and working on the site - added a link at the top of the page for the Chat Room - hopefully more people will come in and say hi during the day now!
"Christmas: it's not the giving, it's not the getting, it's the loving." - Garfield
I'm Co-Admin of AllThingsChristmas Forum - Click Here to Message Me with questions or if you need help!
getting ready to go grocery shopping..


text:
PONT is a community to community link between Rhondda Cynon Taf in South Wales and a district in Uganda called Mbale.
You can use the menu above to navigate the site and the flags to choose a language.
Here is a summary of our activities to date:
"The work being done by Gold Star Communities and links between Wales and Africa is truly an inspiration. Follow your passion and you will change the world!" - Desmond Tutu


text:
New Balance Minimus 20 Lightweight Trail Running Shoes - Womens
Sorry, this item is sold out!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
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Item # 265935
You will experience a whole new light when running in these feather-weight New Balance® Minimus 20 trail running shoes. Feel those feet flex independently and run like the bare-foot bandit over the river and through the woods in these lightweight mesh shoes.
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- Lightweight Minimal Vibram® outsole for traction and durability
- Imported
- View More New Balance
By: Cewilli3
Location: Raleigh, NC
April 26, 2013
Lots of compliments, slightly long
"I have gotten so many compliments on these shoes since I bought them last month. They do run slightly long, so I would suggest ordering a 1/2 size down."
By: JillyBean5322623
April 25, 2013
By: DinahG
Location: Albuquerque
April 10, 2013
light weight and comfortable
"I bought these for a trip where we will be walking quite a bit - can't believe how light they are! OK with or without socks too."
By: ShayH
Location: Atlanta
April 09, 2013
NB Green
"I had these in pink and black and wanted another pair so I got these.. They are comfortable and all my new balance shoes have become my favorite workout shoes"
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this is when a photographer smokes a bunch of his film and gets all high from it.
Dude Atiba smoked all his Tri-X now he's all kodaktose
by puck April 24, 2004
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug
The Urban Dictionary T-Shirt
Smooth, soft, slim fit American Apparel shirt. Custom printed. 100% fine jersey cotton, except for heather grey (90% cotton).Buy the t-shirt


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/* Delay for the given number of microseconds. Assumes a 16 MHz clock. * Disables interrupts, which will disrupt the millis() function if used * too frequently. */void delayMicroseconds(unsigned int us){ uint8_t oldSREG; // calling avrlib's delay_us() function with low values (e.g. 1 or // 2 microseconds) gives delays longer than desired. //delay_us(us); // for a one-microsecond delay, simply return. the overhead // of the function call yields a delay of approximately 1 1/8 us. if (--us == 0) return; // the following loop takes a quarter of a microsecond (4 cycles) // per iteration, so execute it four times for each microsecond of // delay requested. us <<= 2; // account for the time taken in the preceeding commands. us -= 2; // disable interrupts, otherwise the timer 0 overflow interrupt that // tracks milliseconds will make us delay longer than we want. oldSREG = SREG; cli(); // busy wait __asm__ __volatile__ ( "1: sbiw %0,1" "\n\t" // 2 cycles "brne 1b" : "=w" (us) : "0" (us) // 2 cycles ); // reenable interrupts. SREG = oldSREG;}
if (--us == 0) return;
if (us-- <= 1)return;
So why don't we fix this ___ instead of documenting it?As I see it, it would require only one more comparison, which would execute only in the case of 0. And the code should function the same way it does now.Am I missing something?PB
int postdec(int& val){ int temp = val; val = val -1; return temp;}
int predecrement(int& val){ val = val - 1; return val;}
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Fake Bake
Fake Bake The Face Self-Tanning Lotion 2 oz.
- Overview
- Ingredients
- Features
- Contains Matrixyl-3000, an ingredient from France that reduces the appearance of wrinkles without the side effects of irritation one could expect from a retinol
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- Has a built in color guide, a dark temporary color that lets you see exactly where you are applying the product
- Designed for easy, goof-proof application to avoid pale patches, streaks, or dark spots
- About the brand
Fake Bake The Face Self-Tanning Lotion is a patent-pending face tanning formula that contains a combination of the highest quality ingredients to tan your face while giving you the premium level of Peptides to promote beautiful, youthful skin.
Purified water, Dihydroxyac-etone, Ethoxydiglycol, Simmondsia
Chinensis (Jojoba) Oil, Ethylhexyl Stearate, Glyceryl Stearate,
Dimethicone, Glycerin, Juglans Regia (Walnut) Shell Extract,
Trimethylpentanediol/Adipic Acid Copolymer, Cyclopentasiloxane,
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Gum, Diazolidinyl Urea, Ceteareth-20, Carbomer, Methylparaben,
Tetrasodium EDTA, Fragrance, Green 5 (Cl 61570), Red 40 (Cl
106035), Yellow 5(019140)
Can be applied before bedtime and then followed by rinsing
the face with warm water the following morning. This lotion can be
used every day as a tinted moisturizer and the tan develops as the
day progresses. If you have dry skin, moisturize before applying
the tanning product for a longer lasting smooth tone for your newly
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Fake Bake has conquered the quest for a perfect tan that doesn't damage your health. Formulas are preservative-free and contain botanically extracted ingredients, which means no streaking or unpleasant odors and they're gentle enough for sensitive skin. Fake Bake products hydrate and protect your body without clogging pores so you can enjoy a luxurious experience and rich looking tan that's natural and safe.
My Face Loves ThisThis is the best face self tanner I have ever tried. It has a nice tint to it so you can see where you are putting it. The smell goes away after a few minutes which to me is huge!! I have used it before bed and not woke up with streaks or any of the color on my pillow. That is sweet!! Why.... well because I drool (yeah.. ick I know) and so I am always worried that I will end up with a streak around my mouth/cheek area.. LOL!! Nope.. haven't yet. I also have put this on for a day lotion under my makeup and not had any irritation or any other issues. Again..another huge deal in my book because my face is very sensitive. So.. this products gets my votes!! It is the ONLY face tanner I will ever use again!
Was this review helpful?(Yes)(No)Aug 9, 2011Sheila T. / Minnesota
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You Can't Go Wrong With This!I bought this last summer because my sister in law told me about it. It's amazing! look really natural tan, no orange. I use a sponge wedge to apply try it! is worth it
Was this review helpful?(Yes)(No)Jun 20, 2010Shir / Houston, Tx
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text:
Prologue Summary
In the Prologue to The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, author Rebecca Skloot describes an old photograph of a pretty, fearless-looking young woman with light brown skin. It is a picture of Henrietta Lacks, who died of cervical cancer in 1951. A few months before her death, a doctor cut out a small sample of her cancer cells, which became the first and most important line of human cells ever to survive and multiply indefinitely in the laboratory environment. Her cells have helped scientists make some of the most important advances in modern medical history—but they were taken without her knowledge and without her permission.
Rebecca Skloot became interested in this story when, at the age of sixteen, she enrolled in a community college biology class to fulfill a high school science requirement. Her teacher, Donald Defler, gave a lecture about the amazing qualities of human cells. In it, he mentioned that cell reproduction was "beautiful…like a perfectly choreographed dance." He explained that even one mistake in this dance can cause cells to reproduce uncontrollably: cancer.
During his lecture, Defler told his class that when Henrietta Lacks was diagnosed with cancer, scientists had been trying and failing to make human cells reproduce in a laboratory for decades. For some reason, Henrietta's cells were different. They survived and reproduced indefinitely in a tissue culture, becoming a cell line scientists named HeLa. HeLa cells have now lived outside Henrietta's body longer than they lived inside it, and they are still helping researchers learn about human cells, to develop treatments for cancer, and to study countless other diseases.
At the end of his lecture, Defler added one piece of personal information about Henrietta Lacks: "She was a black woman." Rebecca wanted to know more, so she found Defler after class and asked whether Henrietta Lacks had known how important her cells were. Defler did not know. Neither Rebecca's biology book nor her parents' encyclopedia had any further information either.
When Rebecca went on to study biology in college, she found that "HeLa cells were omnipresent" in her field. She continued to seek out information about Henrietta Lacks, but no other professors mentioned her. Many college biology textbooks said that the woman who produced the cells was named Helen Lane.
Eventually Rebecca found some articles about Henrietta Lacks from the 1970s. From them, she learned that the Lacks family was not informed about HeLa until almost 25 years after Henrietta's death, and they were shocked to find out that the cells were now being sold for profit. According to the article, the family felt "that science and the press had taken advantage of them."
In graduate school, Rebecca studied nonfiction writing, and she decided to try telling Henrietta Lacks's story. She spent a decade searching for information about both the cells and the woman whose body they came from. In the process, she befriended Deborah Lacks, who was convinced that her mother's spirit wanted the story told.
Chapter 1 Summary
Shortly after her daughter Deborah was born, Henrietta Lacks told a group of female friends and cousins that she felt something wrong in her womb. She described the feeling as "a knot inside me." The other women encouraged her to see a doctor. Henrietta did not heed their advice but did not complain about the pain again. Not long afterward, she found out she was pregnant with her fifth child. Her friends thought that the "knot" must have been the baby. Henrietta said they were wrong but did not talk to a doctor about it.
A few months after her youngest son, Joe, was born, Henrietta began to experience vaginal bleeding at the wrong time of the month. She took a hot bath, inserted a finger into her vagina, and found
a hard lump, deep inside, as though someone had lodged a marble just to the left of the opening of her womb.
At this point Henrietta could no longer put off a visit to the doctor. Her husband drove her to the gynecology clinic at Johns Hopkins hospital in East Baltimore. This hospital was twenty miles from their house, a good deal further than several other hospitals in the area—but it was the only one that offered treatment to black patients like the Lackses.
Howard Jones, the gynecologist on duty, listened to Henrietta's complaint and flipped through her chart. He noted a long history of untreated medical conditions, including a series of nose and throat problems, a possible case of sickle cell anemia, and untreated gonorrhea and syphilis. Henrietta had refused most of the tests and treatments doctors had recommended for these conditions.
Rebecca Skloot notes that Henrietta probably refused health treatments because
walking into Hopkins was like entering a foreign country where she didn't speak the language.
She had only a seventh-grade education, and she had spent her life working on farms and raising her children. She only visited doctors "when she thought she had no choice."
During the exam, Howard Jones found exactly what Henrietta said he would find: a cervical tumor. It was "the size of a nickel," and it looked "like grape Jello." He took a biopsy and sent it to the lab for testing. Afterward, he noted that doctors had not seen the tumor a few months before, when Henrietta was at Johns Hopkins to give birth to Joe. It was unlikely that anyone would have missed such a tumor—so it must have "grown at a terrifying rate."
Chapter 2 Summary
Henrietta Lacks was born in 1920, the eighth of ten children. Her mother died in 1924, at which point her father took all the children to his family's home in Clover, Virginia and split them up to live with various relatives. Henrietta was placed with Tommy Lacks, her grandfather, in a four-room cabin that had once been home to slaves. This cabin was the center of Lacks family life, and everyone called it the home-house.
When Henrietta moved in, Tommy Lacks was already raising another grandchild, Henrietta's cousin David Lacks. David, whom everyone called Day, had been born to an unwed mother on the home-house floor nine years before. Henrietta spent the rest of her life with Day, eventually marrying him and giving birth to five children.
In childhood, Henrietta and Day got up early each morning to tend the farm animals and the kitchen garden. When they were finished, they went to work in the tobacco fields with their siblings and cousins. In early childhood, they attended school as well, but neither made it past elementary school.
When they were not working, the many children of Henrietta's extended family went swimming, held bonfires, and played games together. In summer, the cousins frequently slept all together in a crawl space over a kitchen outbuilding near the home-house. In harvest season, they accompanied Tommy one evening each week on trips to South Boston to sell tobacco. On these trips, they and other black farming families slept alongside farm animals in the basement of the warehouse where the tobacco was sold.
In her early teen years, Henrietta was popular with boys because she was so pretty. Her affections wavered between her cousin Day and another cousin, Crazy Joe. However, she had been sharing a room with Day since she was a young girl, and the eventual result "didn't surprise anyone: they started having children together." Their son Lawrence was born when Henrietta was fourteen. Four years later, his sister Lucile, nicknamed Elsie, was born. She was epileptic and mentally retarded. The Lacks family described her as "simple" and "touched."
Henrietta and Day married two years after Elsie's birth, when Henrietta was twenty years old. After the wedding, they went straight out to work in the tobacco fields. However, their life as farmers did not last much longer. It was 1941, and the United States was just getting involved in World War II. This brought new opportunities for black workers, and Day soon moved to Turner Station, outside Baltimore, to work in a steel mill. A few months later, Henrietta followed.
Chapter 3 Summary
In 1951, the Johns Hopkins gynecologist Howard Jones and his boss, Richard Wesley TeLinde, were working hard to develop and improve methods for treating cervical cancer. At the time, doctors had just begun to use the Pap smear test to screen women for cancer. However, there was widespread misinformation and disagreement about what to do with the information from the screenings. Among other things, doctors disagreed about which tests indicated cancer, and about whether doctors should leave some cancers alone or treat all of them with invasive surgical procedures.
Because of the lack of information about cervical cancer, healthy women were sometimes accidentally diagnosed with cervical cancer. In such cases, doctors often performed a hysterectomy—the surgical removal of the uterus—on a perfectly healthy woman. Meanwhile, women with cancer often got passed over for surgery, either because their doctors failed to recognize cancer cells when they saw them, or because they had a doctor who believed certain cervical carcinomas were not dangerous.
TeLinde wanted to improve cancer treatment, both to minimize unnecessary hysterectomies and to prove that all women with cervical carcinomas needed invasive treatment. To this end, he used information and tissue samples, without consent, from women who came to Johns Hopkins for treatment. At the time, this was a common practice.
TeLinde wanted to grow and compare living samples of healthy and cancerous cervical tissue. To this end, he enlisted the help of George Gey, the scientist in charge of tissue culture at Johns Hopkins. Gey was happy to help TeLinde in exchange for a steady supply of cervical tissue samples from TeLinde's patients. Gey wanted to use these samples to grow
the first immortal human cells: a continuously dividing line of cells all descended from one original sample.
Howard Jones found out that Henrietta's tumor was malignant on February 5, 1951. He informed Henrietta immediately, but she did not tell anyone the diagnosis. She only said that she needed to go to the hospital for a few days for some treatment. Day dropped her off at Johns Hopkins the following day. There she signed a form that gave Johns Hopkins doctors permission "to perform any operative procedures…that they may deem necessary."
After checking into the hospital, Henrietta underwent a myriad of tests. The doctors prescribed the best known treatment for her condition, which involved the use of "radium, a white radioactive metal that glows an eerie blue." But before beginning this treatment, the doctor performing Henrietta's operation cut two small pieces of tissue from her cervix—one sample of healthy tissue, and one of the tumor. Shortly afterward, the tissue was taken to Gey's lab, where Gey and his assistants planned to try to use them to grow more cells. Gey received them with excitement, as he always did. But the scientists and technicians who worked with him "were sure Henrietta's cells would die just like all the others."
Chapter 4 Summary
When Henrietta Lacks's cells arrived in George Gey's lab, his assistant, Mary Kubicek, was eating a sandwich. It was her job to handle new cell samples, but today she dawdled a while before beginning. These attempts to grow immortal human cells always took hours of tedious work, and thus far, they had always failed.
In spite of its failures, George Gey's lab was state of the art for its time. Gey's wife, Margaret, had been instrumental in helping to overcome some of the most difficult obstacles to growing cells in culture. The first of these was that nobody knew exactly which ingredients were necessary in the liquid used for feeding cells. Slowly, over the course of years, the Geys...
(The entire section is 537 words.)
Chapter 5 Summary
Soon Henrietta Lacks returned home from the hospital and resumed her normal life. On the weekends, she took her family to her childhood home in Clover, where they all helped in the tobacco fields and enjoyed time with the family. Her family did not know that she was sick. They were, however, aware of another heartache in her life: recently she had decided it was too difficult to care for her mentally retarded daughter, Elsie. At her doctors' recommendation, Henrietta had committed Elsie to a mental hospital.
Henrietta kept her cancer a secret through her first and second radium treatments. After that, doctors told her that the tumor was shrinking, but that they needed to perform X-ray...
(The entire section is 419 words.)
Chapter 6 Summary
It was not until 1999, eleven years after she first heard of HeLa cells, that Rebecca Skloot found some papers from a gathering called "The HeLa Cancer Control Symposium." She called Roland Pattillo, a professor of gynecology who had organized the symposium.
On the phone, Pattillo admitted to Rebecca that he knew the Lacks family. However, he said flat-out that he was not eager to put her into contact with them. For over an hour, he pressured her to explain why she wanted to research Henrietta Lacks. "Correct me if I'm wrong, but you are white," said Pattillo, who was African American.
Pattillo demanded that Rebecca explain what she knew about the...
(The entire section is 544 words.)
Chapter 7 Summary
In 1951, not long after Henrietta began her cancer treatments, George Gey appeared in a television interview to talk about his research. He made a brief explanation of how cells were structured and how they became cancerous. Then he held up a bottle of cancer cells—probably Henrietta's—and said that he hoped to cure cancer someday. At the time, he was already beginning to send HeLa cells to scientists around the world, and scientists were beginning to learn from them by exposing them to toxins, radiation, and infections. In the interview, Gey did not mention Henrietta Lacks by name, but it is unlikely that the public would have paid much attention if he had.
In the 1950s, most...
(The entire section is 430 words.)
Chapter 8 Summary
After Henrietta Lacks's radiation treatments were complete, doctors saw no more signs of tumors in her body. Henrietta did not believe that she was cured; she told them she thought her cancer was spreading. They told her that she was fine and sent her home. There is nothing in their notes to indicate that she questioned them further. In the 1950s, it was not customary for patients to question doctors' judgment, or for poor black people to question highly educated white people.
Over the next couple of months, Henrietta repeatedly returned to the hospital to complain of pain. At first, she was told she was fine. After a while, however, doctors found an enormous tumor in her abdomen....
(The entire section is 417 words.)
Chapter 9 Summary
A few days after Day hung up on Rebecca, she drove to Baltimore to speak with his second son, who was also named David, but who went by Sonny. She paged Sonny several times from her hotel room at the Holiday Inn, but he did not reply. While she waited, she reviewed a Rolling Stone article about the Lacks family from the 1970s. As she read through it, she realized that the writer of the article had stayed in the same Holiday Inn when he researched the Lacks family decades before.
Sonny never called back, so eventually Rebecca gave up and set out to find Henrietta's old address in Turner Station, on the outskirts of the city. It was a poor neighborhood that was generally...
(The entire section is 449 words.)
Chapter 10 Summary
Soon after her trip to Turner Station, Rebecca drove to Clover, Virginia. There she found a run-down main street full of closed-up shops whose dust-covered merchandise could be seen through the windows. There were some churches, beauty parlors, and one post office still in occasional use—but all were locked when Rebecca arrived. She saw nobody at all except for an old white man with a bicycle who waved hello. She stopped and asked him to direct her to Lacks Town, where Henrietta had grown up. He silently pointed her in the right direction.
As it turned out, Lacks Town was a single road sparsely populated with tiny homes—cabins left over from the slave era, cinderblock shacks, and...
(The entire section is 431 words.)
Chapter 11 Summary
Henrietta's suffering went on for months. She had tumors in most of her major organs. Her kidneys were failing. Her stomach was swollen. She received so many blood transfusions that a doctor eventually put a stop to them, saying that she had depleted the supplies in the blood bank.
Word of Henrietta's blood bank problem soon reached the steel mill where her husband and many of her male cousins worked. By now, the whole community knew about Henrietta's illness, and they all wanted to help her get better. Henrietta's cousin Emmett Lacks gathered a group of eight men and took them to the hospital to donate blood for her.
Most of the men who went to give blood that day...
(The entire section is 449 words.)
Chapter 12 Summary
When George Gey found out about Henrietta's death, he requested an autopsy and further tissue samples. For that, he needed consent from Henrietta's husband. Oddly, although doctors needed no permission to take tissue from the living, there were clear laws stating that families must give permission before doctors could perform an autopsy or take tissue samples from the dead.
When someone from Johns Hopkins first asked Day for permission to perform an autopsy on Henrietta, he said no. When he went to the hospital later to sign papers, doctors pressed him to change his mind. He ended up giving permission for a partial autopsy, one which would leave the body fairly presentable for the...
(The entire section is 433 words.)
Chapter 13 Summary
1951 brought a polio epidemic to the United States. In 1952, Jonas Salk developed a polio vaccine—but he could not yet begin using it to vaccinate children. First he needed to perform medical tests. To do this, he needed human cells—more human cells than anyone had ever before produced at one time.
The National Foundation for Infant Paralysis (NFIP) soon contacted George Gey, who was known for his work on cell cultures. Gey tested the HeLa cells and found that they were susceptible to polio—a necessary condition for cells used in a trial to test a polio vaccine. He developed a method for growing a great quantity of HeLa cells in a small space, and he found a way to ship...
(The entire section is 489 words.)
Chapter 14 Summary
As HeLa cells helped scientists make several breakthroughs in medicine, the public became curious about the human being behind those cells. George Gey wanted Henrietta Lacks's name to remain confidential from the public, but many researchers and assistants already knew who she was. Soon one of them leaked Henrietta's name to the press. The Minneapolis Star published an article, incorrectly revealing the name of the source of the HeLa cells as Henrietta Lakes.
Not long after this story appeared, Gey received inquiries from a magazine writer named Roland H. Berg who wanted to do a human interest story about "Mrs. Lakes" and her family. George Gey's...
(The entire section is 425 words.)
Chapter 15 Summary
After Henrietta's death, nobody told the young Lacks children what had happened to their mother. In the 1950s, serious illnesses were not discussed openly in families, and children were expected not to ask questions. Because of this, the disappearance of their mother remained a mystery to them for years.
Day had to work two jobs to support his family, so Lawrence, the oldest of Henrietta's children, dropped out of school to take care of Sonny, Deborah, and Joe. At sixteen, Lawrence got himself a voter registration card that said he was eighteen. This helped him get into pool halls when he wanted a break—but it also got him drafted into the army to fight in the Korean War....
(The entire section is 526 words.)
Chapter 16 Summary
The day Rebecca Skloot met Henrietta's cousin Cootie, he explained that the Lacks family rarely spoke about illnesses or the dead. People knew about Henrietta's cells, but they no longer said much about Henrietta herself. As he put it, "...her cells done lived longer than her memory."
Cootie sent Rebecca to speak with another cousin, Cliff, who had been like a brother to Henrietta when they were children. Cliff gave Rebecca a tour of the home-house, which was now unoccupied and falling down from disuse. He also took her to the graveyard where most of the Lacks family was buried. A few of the graves had stones, but most, like Henrietta's, were unmarked. Cliff found the stone for...
(The entire section is 420 words.)
Chapter 17 Summary
In the mid-1950s, a researcher named Chester Southam began to worry that HeLa cells might be able to infect researchers with cancer. He was not sure whether cancer was even contagious in this way, so to find out, he began injecting small samples of HeLa into the arms of cancer patients. Some of these patients fought off the foreign cells; others developed tumors. Later, Southam performed similar research on prisoners at the Ohio State Penitentiary, all of whose bodies fought off the cancer cells quickly.
At the time, it was not legally required for doctors to obtain consent from patients used in medical research. Over a period of several years, Southam injected over 600 patients...
(The entire section is 428 words.)
Chapter 18 Summary
In the 1960s, HeLa seemed to be everywhere. Scientists had learned a great deal about keeping cells alive in culture, and now they could do so easily. It was so easy, in fact, that amateurs could order HeLa through Scientific American magazine and grow the cells at home.
HeLa even made it to outer space. Both NASA and the Russian Space Program sent HeLa cells into orbit to study the effects of zero-gravity conditions and higher radiation levels on human cells. Studies showed that normal human cells grew normally in orbit, but that the cancerous HeLa cells multiplied more rapidly than ever.
By the 1960s, scientists had observed that most normal cell lines died...
(The entire section is 449 words.)
Chapter 19 Summary
When Deborah Lacks got pregnant at age sixteen, her brother's wife Bobbette insisted she graduate from high school anyway. Bobbette cared for the baby herself while Deborah attended a school for teenage mothers. Then, after Deborah graduated, Bobbette made her get a job and learn to support herself.
During this period, Deborah's two older brothers were doing well for themselves. Lawrence, the eldest Lacks boy and Bobbette's husband, owned his own shop. Sonny had earned his high school diploma, and now he was in the air force.
Joe, the youngest Lacks sibling and the one who had experienced the most severe physical abuse in childhood, had by far the most problems....
(The entire section is 430 words.)
Chapter 20 Summary
The field of biological cell research was shaken up at a conference in Pennsylvania in 1966. Stanley Gartler, a geneticist who had previously been unknown in the field, explained to the gathering of scientists that he had found a genetic marker called G6PD-A in eighteen separate human cell lines that were commonly used in research. This had surprised him because G6PD-A was very rare, and because it was only found in African Americans. He had researched the origins of these cell lines and found that while some were purportedly from Caucasians, at least one, HeLa, came from a black woman. His best guess was that scientists had accidentally contaminated almost all of their human cell lines with HeLa...
(The entire section is 449 words.)
Chapter 21 Summary
Rebecca Skloot returned to the Holiday Inn in Baltimore on New Year's Day in 2000. Sonny Lacks had promised to meet her, so she awaited him in the hotel lobby. He was two hours late, but he showed up. When he arrived, he grinned and joked about how persistent she was.
Sonny took Rebecca to see the person he called "the Big Kahuna"—Henrietta's first-born son, Lawrence. When they arrived at a red brick house, Sonny laughed and said:
This is where we take scientists and reporters wanting to know about our mother. It's where the family gangs up on them.
When Rebecca got out of the car, Sonny drove away. She hesitated on...
(The entire section is 699 words.)
Chapter 22 Summary
In 1970, when George Gey was 71 years old, he experienced a sudden and extreme attack of fatigue. A few days later, he learned that he had pancreatic cancer. Doctors needed to operate immediately. Gey asked the surgeons to take a sample of his tumor for his lab; he hoped this sample would give rise to a new immortal line of cells like Henrietta's.
During Gey's surgery, his staff stood by in his lab, ready to begin growing their boss's tumor in culture. But when the surgeons cut into his body, they saw that the cancer was far more widespread than they had previously believed. It was inoperable, and they were afraid to cut into it at all lest they kill Gey by accident. When Gey...
(The entire section is 442 words.)
Chapter 23 Summary
In 1973, Bobbette Lacks, the wife of Henrietta's son Lawrence, went to a friend's house for lunch. The friend's brother-in-law, who happened to work at the National Cancer Institute, commented that this was the first time he had met a real live person named Lacks. He had only heard the name Lacks because of Henrietta Lacks, the source of the HeLa cells.
Bobbette was stunned when her new acquaintance said that he worked with living cells from Henrietta Lacks, a woman who had died of cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1950s. When Bobbette said that Henrietta was her mother-in-law, the man was excited—but Bobbette was horrified. She had grown up in Baltimore, where she...
(The entire section is 699 words.)
Chapter 24 Summary
In the mid-1970s, the HeLa contamination problem once again made the cells an important news topic. Michael Rogers, a young journalist for Rolling Stone, decided to track down the Lackses and interview them. On his way to their home, he got into a car accident. Much later, Deborah would say that Henrietta's spirit had caused this accident to protect her family.
Rogers made it through, however, and he arrived at the Lacks home expecting to ask questions. The Lackses wanted answers instead. According to Rogers,
They truly had no idea what was going on, and they really wanted to understand. But doctors just took blood samples without...
(The entire section is 478 words.)
Chapter 25 Summary
On the other side of the country, around the time the Lackses found out about Henrietta's cells being sold for profit, a white man named John Moore was diagnosed with leukemia. Doctors at UCLA removed his spleen, and Moore signed a consent form stating that the hospital could "dispose of [it] by cremation." For several years after this operation, Moore flew frequently from his home in Seattle to a hospital in Los Angeles for what he believed were follow-up appointments. Eventually he got annoyed at all the traveling and informed his doctor, David Golde, that he wanted to see a physician closer to home. Golde offered to pay for Moore's flights and lodging if he would continue coming to...
(The entire section is 515 words.)
Chapter 26 Summary
Life went on for the Lacks family. Deborah remarried. Lawrence went on running his store. Sonny got arrested for selling drugs. Zakariyya, the youngest son formerly known as Joe, was released from prison early, but he still struggled with anger issues and found it difficult to hold down a job.
Zakariyya lived on the streets, refusing all offers of financial help from his father. Zakariyya blamed Day for the HeLa disaster, and also for the years of abuse he suffered in childhood. To earn money and a place to sleep, Zakariyya ended up enlisting himself as a voluntary research subject at Johns Hopkins.
In 1985, the family learned of a newly published book about HeLa...
(The entire section is 422 words.)
Chapter 27 Summary
In 1984, a scientist finally found a probable cause for Henrietta's cancer. He discovered a new strain of a sexually transmitted disease called Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and found that HeLa cells tested positive for it. This strain of HPV switched off a gene in Henrietta's chromosomes that normally suppresses tumor growth. Research into this and other strains of HPV, which affects about 90 percent of all adults who are sexually active, increased understanding of cervical cancer and also led to the development of an HPV vaccine.
However, no scientist has ever been able to explain why Henrietta's cancer was so virulent, nor why it grew so well in culture. Since the 1950s,...
(The entire section is 447 words.)
Chapter 28 Summary
In the 1990s, Henrietta finally began to receive respectful attention for her contribution to medical science. A BBC producer heard about her story and began to shoot a documentary about her life. Around that same time, the scientist Roland Patillo hosted a medical conference in Henrietta's honor and invited the family to make an appearance. Deborah and the other Lackses were pleased by these developments.
The BBC documentary brought Henrietta's story to the attention of Courtney Speed, the grocery store owner in Turner Station. With the help of a sociologist named Barbary Wyche, Speed began efforts to build a Henrietta Lacks museum, complete with a wax statue of her. To raise...
(The entire section is 545 words.)
Chapter 29 Summary
Rebecca Skloot obtained Deborah's phone number from Roland Pattillo just a few weeks after Deborah's panic attack. Deborah spoke with Rebecca once on the phone, then got spooked and refused to do an interview for almost a year. During that time, Rebecca pursued interviews with other family members but kept trying to get through to Deborah.
About ten months after the two women first spoke, Deborah called Rebecca and said she would do an interview under two conditions. First, Rebecca had to promise she would get Henrietta's name right in her book. Second, Rebecca must research Elsie Lacks and include Elsie's story in her book. When Rebecca agreed to both conditions, Deborah said,...
(The entire section is 439 words.)
Chapter 30 Summary
When Deborah returned to Rebecca's hotel the following day, she did not acknowledge the fact that she had run out in a panic the night before. Instead she suggested a visit to Zakariyya. Rebecca was hesitant; she knew that Zakariyya had violent tendencies, and that he was very angry about HeLa. Deborah said she was "pretty sure" he was ready to talk. She advised Rebecca to be respectful and to pronounce Zakarriya's name zuh-CAR-ee-uh, as he preferred.
At the assisted-living facility where Zakarriya was allowed to live due to hearing and vision problems, he at first refused to speak. He sat on a bench outside, eating ice cream and reading advertisements, as if Rebecca was not even...
(The entire section is 428 words.)
Chapter 31 Summary
Soon after her first long visit with Rebecca, Deborah was advised by a stranger, a black man, who said she should not talk to a white reporter about Henrietta. He said that only a black person could be trusted to tell the story properly. He nearly convinced Deborah, but soon she decided that he was wrong:
Racism! Racism! …We all black and white and everything else—this isn't a race thing. There's two sides to the story, and that's what we want to bring out…It's not about punish the doctors or slander the hospital. I don't want that.
Deborah remained skittish, but she kept granting Rebecca interviews. In exchange, Rebecca...
(The entire section is 444 words.)
Chapter 32 Summary
Rebecca invited the whole Lacks family to tour Cristoph Lengauer's cancer lab at Johns Hopkins, but only Deborah and Zakarriya agreed to go. Day was ill and Sonny had to work. Lawrence, for his part, was fed up with hearing about HeLa.
When Christoph welcomed Deborah and Zakarriya, he acknowledged how difficult it must be for them to come to the hospital given all they went through. He took them first to a freezer room to show how HeLa cells were stored. He explained that researchers had to be careful to prevent HeLa from contaminating other cell cultures, and he was pleasantly surprised when Deborah knew a bit about this issue. He commented that the contamination problem had been...
(The entire section is 441 words.)
Chapter 33 Summary
The day after seeing Henrietta's cells, Rebecca and Deborah set out to learn what had happened to Elsie Lacks. They drove to the Crownsville Hospital Center, the site of Elsie's death. The campus was beautiful and well-groomed, but the main building seemed deserted. Rebecca and Deborah made their way through the empty hallways until they found a room labeled "Medical Records." Inside, there were only empty shelves.
The women wandered the hallways, looking for answers. Deborah eventually got frustrated and began shouting up and down the halls, demanding to know where to find medical records. A few people popped out of offices and pointed in the right direction.
(The entire section is 538 words.)
Chapter 34 Summary
After finding out about Elsie, Deborah and Rebecca drove to Clover, Virginia and checked into a hotel. Until this point, Deborah had never allowed Rebecca to look at Henrietta's medical records, but now she handed them over. She said she was going to sleep, and she went off to her own room.
A few minutes later, Deborah knocked on the door of Rebecca's room and demanded that they read the records together. The two women sat up into the night as Rebecca sorted the papers. They were crumpled, stained, and out of order. Other legal documents were mixed in among them, as were some of Deborah's poems.
As Rebecca worked on sorting information, Deborah sat looking at her...
(The entire section is 434 words.)
Chapter 35 Summary
Next, Rebecca and Deborah drove Clover, Virginia to visit Henrietta's sister, Gladys. When they arrived, Gladys sat, wearing nothing but a thin nightgown, in a wheelchair next to a hot wood stove. Her dying husband was in the next room, moaning in his bed. Deborah, clearly agitated and covered in hives, made a halting speech to Gladys about everything she had learned.
Soon Gary, Glady's son and Deborah's cousin, came into the house. He saw the hives on Deborah's face and watched her pacing around the room. He looked to Rebecca, who explained that the information about Elsie had upset Deborah badly. Gary was close to Deborah, and he understood her feelings better than most of the...
(The entire section is 440 words.)
Chapter 36 Summary
The day after Gary's faith healing, Deborah felt a good deal better. The hives on her face were not quite so bad, but they had not disappeared completely. Her eyes were still uncomfortably swollen. She decided that she should see her doctor, so she set off to drive back to Baltimore.
Meanwhile, Rebecca stayed in Clover. She did not fully understand what she had witnessed the day before, and she wanted to talk to Gary about it. She found him at home changing a light bulb. When she walked in, she recited the words from a hymn he had sung during his spontaneous faith healing. When she confessed that she could not get the song out of her head, he laughed and said, "I know you don't...
(The entire section is 412 words.)
Chapter 37 Summary
At the doctor's office, Deborah learned that her blood pressure and blood sugar were so high they had almost caused a stroke. Erratic behavior, hives, and disjointed speech are all symptoms of these conditions, so these health problems helped to explain her behavior on her research trip. The doctor told Deborah to avoid stress at all cost. For the next several months, she did so.
Rebecca continued her research alone and, for some time, shared only the happy bits with Deborah. Deborah still wanted to speak at the upcoming medical conference in Washington, D.C. and with her doctor's blessing, she slowly began to prepare for this trip.
Unfortunately, Deborah's personal...
(The entire section is 543 words.)
Chapter 38 Summary
In 2009, Rebecca Skloot drove to Clover for a visit. She thought the road seemed longer than she remembered, and then she realized that she was driving past the Post Office. She stopped the car and stared in surprise at a field full of rubble that had once been downtown Clover. She picked up some of the pieces, with the intention to give them to Deborah.
In the years since Rebecca had completed her research for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, it had begun to feel "like everything related to Henrietta's history was vanishing." Gary, Day, and Cootie had already died—and now the whole town of Clover had disappeared, too.
Life went on for Deborah's...
(The entire section is 432 words.)
Afterword Summary
In 1951, it was not illegal for doctors to take Henrietta's cells for research without consent. By 1999, when The Immortal Live of Henrietta Lacks was published, there was still no clear law requiring that patients give consent for the scientific use of their own bodily tissues. In fact, human tissues are still constantly collected and used for research without patients' knowledge.
"Today most Americans have their tissue on file somewhere," Rebecca Skloot writes. Nearly any time patients give blood or have any bodily tissue removed, the excess matter is stored away in tissue banks. Very little of this material has any financial worth of its own, but all of the material in combination is extremely useful...
(The entire section is 469 words.)


text:
Official Laws
The Official Laws detailing all aspects of the game.
- The simple aim of Rugby League is to score more points than your opponents
- A Rugby League match lasts for 80 minutes (two 40 minute halves). Timekeepers monitor this and sound a siren or hooter as a signal to the ref when the game is over.
- You score tries (worth four points) by touching the ball down over your opponent's try line. You can convert that to six by kicking a goal. The other means of scoring are a penalty goal (also worth two points) and a drop goal (worth one point).
- There are two teams of 13 players with four reserves on the interchange bench. Each team can make a maximum of 12 changes involving any combination of players. Rugby League players have to be multi-skilled but some players do focus on roles within their teams including carrying the ball into the opposition line (forwards), attacking on the fringes (backs) and distributing the ball (hooker and half backs). All players work together in their team's defensive formation.
- The ball has to be passed backwards. It can be passed as many times as you like until a player is tackled in possession.
- Each team has the ball for six plays (or tackles). After a tackle, the ball carrier plays the ball back along the ground to a receiver standing behind directly behind them. After the six plays are completed the team in possession must handover the ball to the opposition. Most teams elect to kick at this point in order to gain as much ground as possible.
- Six players form a Rugby League scrum. They are a means of re-starting the game and create a good opportunity to attack. Scrums are awarded for knock-ons (losing the ball forward) or forward passes.
- You are offside in Rugby League if you are within the gap maintained between the attacking and defensive sides by the referee or if you interfere with play after being in front of a team mate when they have kicked the ball in open play.
- A 40-20 kick is when a player kicks the ball behind his own 40 metre line and it bounces into touch within the opposition's 20 metre line. If this happens the side that kicked the ball get the advantage of putting the ball into the resulting scrum. A goal line drop out is taken from under your own posts if you have been forced to touch the ball down in your own in-goal area or put the ball out of play in this area.
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Posted :
Tuesday, August 3, 2010 9:43:36 PM(UTC)
Originally Published: September 30, 2009
[size=18]Brett Favre isn't as clutch as you think[/size]
By David Fleming
Page 2
Pushing 40, with a sore right foot, a gimpy knee, two bad shoulders and a stiff neck, Brett Favre bounced from the pocket and ripped a 32-yard game-winning laser to a blanketed Greg Lewis streaking across the back of the 49ers' end zone. And when the tiny rubber FieldTurf pellets gave off their telltale rooster tail, indicating that, yes, Lewis had gotten his right toe down in bounds, the entire football world seemed to celebrate the fact that Favre had worked his gritty kind of magic one more time.
"The legend continues to grow," said Vikes kicker Ryan Longwell.
That's what I thought, too.
See, the past few years, I've been particularly hard on Favre and especially the cult of personality that, despite his horrible play and his mind-blowing egocentricity, has continued to idolize him and protect him like some kind of Norman Rockwell-type national treasure.
After he expertly moved the Vikes 80 yards in 1:29 with no timeouts against a swarming 49ers defense remade in the image of head coach Mike Singletary, word came that this was Favre's 43rd come-from-behind game-winning drive. And when I heard that, well, I wanted to join in with the rest of the world and celebrate all of Brett's wonderful, Wrangler-wrapped, oh I don't know, super Favre-i-ness. Forty-three game-winning drives? Are you kidding me? Jay Cutler hasn't even started 41 games. John Elway, the comeback kid himself, finished with 47. Geez, I thought, maybe I have been too hard on Favre these past few years.
As a tribute, and an apology of sorts, I set out to chronicle each of Favre's previous 42 courageous comebacks leading up to Sunday's Metrodome Miracle. "It was incredible," said Vikings corner Cedric Griffin. "I was on the sideline thinking, 'Brett Favre is known for his comebacks. Brett Favre is known for his comebacks.' And look what we got!"
That's the way this was being tallied, repackaged and sold to football fans, right? That if you thought the winning throw against the 49ers was something, heck, that was actually the 43rd time that scruffy, lovable No. 4 had put a team on his back and, against all odds (and, I think, a fire-breathing dragon or two) carried an entire franchise to glory.
You know, like Favre did during Comeback No. 1, all the way back on Sept. 20, 1992 when, according to The List, he hit Kitrick Taylor for a 35-yard TD pass with 13 seconds left to beat Cincinnati 24-23.
And, just like Favre did during Comeback No. 2 against the Eagles on Nov. 15, 1992, when The List says his magical arm and Zeus-like pocket presence guided the Packers on a two-play drive that covered zero yards before Chris Jacke kicked a 41-yard field goal with no time remaining to beat Philly 27-24.
A two-play drive covering zero yards counts as a game-winning, come from behind, fourth-quarter drive? That's the stuff of cardiac quarterbacking? That's the stuff of living legends and the kind of pure grit that evokes images of playing sandlot football at dusk in the street out in front of my childhood home?
I mean, from all the coverage after the game I was led to believe that Favre has delivered the same kind of heroic, Goliath-sized gut punch a total of 42 other times. Boy was I wrong. Really wrong. Like, Nickelback is a good band, wrong. In fact, you want to know, before Sunday, how many times in those supposed 42 game-winning come from behind kids-gather-round-and-listen-to-your-grampa-Flem-tell-a-football-story drives that Favre threw a touchdown pass in the final 10 seconds of the game?
As much as I wanted, just this once, to be a purveyor (or is it pusher?) of the Favre legend, the truth is only nine of those drives were the result of No. 4's throwing a touchdown in the final two minutes of a game. Nine. "It's hard to even recall all of them," Favre said Sunday when asked about his game-winning drives. "This one was pretty special."
It was. And don't get me wrong, Favre has had some amazingly clutch and gutsy finishes when he did put the team on his back. Like Comeback No. 7, a road playoff game on Jan. 9, 1994, when he hit Sterling Sharpe on a 40-yard TD pass with 55 seconds left to beat the Lions 28-24.
He just hasn't done it anywhere close to 43 times.
Or 33 times. Or even 23 times.
I live near a town with one sports radio station. Ratings-wise this place is usually battling neck and neck with the Spanish-language Christian church broadcasts, but that doesn't stop them from using that guy from the monster truck commercials to declare them to be the unquestioned, ass-kicking, No. 1 sports radio station in the city, city, city, city citycitycity.
It's all statistical gobbledygook. A manipulation of data. And you know how much I love that kind of stuff.
Obviously, though, this statistical myth isn't Brett's fault. He's got nothing to do with it. My guess is he couldn't care less about this kind of stuff. He's not standing over some poor NFL statistician every Monday morning making sure his numbers are correct, like I always imagined Dan Marino would do. And it's not like Favre needs his image or his accomplishments to be exaggerated, either. The guy's a great player. A credit to the game. A first-ballot Hall of Famer.
Quarterback is the most important position in our most popular sport, and in our stats-obsessed culture it drives us a little batty, I think, when we can't easily quantify stuff like leadership, guts, poise and grit. Then someone figures out that clutch play late in games can actually be researched and tallied using fourth-quarter scoring, and the next thing you know some PR intern in Packers PJs formulates a definition of a comeback so broad and vague that, I believe, it's now possible to actually credit Favre for Santonio Holmes' TD catch in Super Bowl XLIII.
I went back through the list, giving Favre credit for game-winning drives in the final 4:00 of the fourth quarter that ended in field goals, TD runs or passes. And that still got him to only 22. Several times, I discovered, Favre has been given credit for "coming back" from a tie score, which, I believe, is mathematically impossible. Even the pure "comebacks" like the one from Sunday are deceiving, since a lot of the credit should go to the Vikings defense for forcing two three-and-outs in the final 5:30 to get the ball back to Favre.
Trust me, though, the statistical spoon-bending on this comeback list only gets worse.
I mean, Comeback No. 37 on Sept. 9, 2007 was a classic: a four-play, 6-yard drive that led to a last-second 42-yard field goal to beat Philly, 16-13.
Comeback No. 39? Oct. 29, 2007, an 82-yard pass to Greg Jennings that gave the Packers a 19-13 win over the Broncos in OT. I understand that this was an amazing, life-altering play for many of you Favre fans. (Yes, I read my emails.) But that doesn't change the fact that it was in overtime with the score tied at 13. It's a hallmark play, no question, one of the all-time great game-winning throws in Packer lore, but it's still not a comeback and, sadly, doesn't belong on The List.
Comeback No. 12 on Nov. 1, 1998, was a game-tying 45-yard field goal by Ryan Longwell with 13:14 to go in a game that ended 36-22. Likewise, Comeback No. 29 on Dec. 14, 2003, was a 40-yard pass to Robert Ferguson with 11:18 to play against the Chargers in a game that ended up 38-21. So Favre is credited with orchestrating a nail-biting comeback win even though the Packers scored three unanswered touchdowns in the fourth quarter.
I could go on -- and on -- but the point is these are not exactly John Elway's leading the Broncos 98 yards down the field inside Cleveland Stadium in the AFC Championship Game comebacks -- are they? On Sunday Brett Favre threw his first ever game-winning touchdown pass in the final 10 seconds of play. Not his 43rd.
He now has ten game-winning touchdown passes thrown in the final two minutes of play. Not 43.
He has orchestrated 22 drives that helped win games. Not 43.
If those "real" comeback numbers aren't impressive enough, it's not Brett Favre who needs help.
It's us.
David Fleming is a senior writer for ESPN The Magazine and the author of the memoir "Noah's Rainbow" and "Breaker Boys: The NFL's Greatest Team and the Stolen 1925 Championship." And his work will be featured in the 2009 Best American Sports Writing anthology. The Flem File appears every Wednesday during the NFL season with updates on Mondays and Fridays.
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Posted :
Tuesday, August 3, 2010 9:56:21 PM(UTC)
In the interest of fairness, see the articles I posted in the NFL section that show how the numbers for all the great quarterbacks have been greatly exaggerated.
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Posted :
Tuesday, August 3, 2010 11:15:10 PM(UTC)
Some teams exaggerate and some teams don't. I think the Dolphins and 49ers are pretty accurate and the Broncos are way off. Almost as bad as the Favre stats. Marino and Montana were that good, Elway and Favre were fictional.
I thought Favre was closer to the high 20s as counted by an unbiased source. It doesn't matter much, it is still about half of what they credit him with.
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Posted :
Wednesday, August 4, 2010 12:08:13 AM(UTC)
Favre is NOT a come-from-behind/clutch qb.
Other things people like to say, that are not true:
- "Shaq makes his free throws when it counts."
- "Jarrett Bush is a good special teams player."
- "Jay Cutler is a franchise qb."
- "Mike Shanahan is an elite coach"
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Posted :
Wednesday, August 4, 2010 12:09:14 AM(UTC)
lmao who says Shaq makes free throws? cmon, you made that up
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Posted :
Wednesday, August 4, 2010 12:15:45 AM(UTC)
That made me laugh out loud too. +1 to you.
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Posted :
Wednesday, August 4, 2010 12:25:11 AM(UTC)
" said:
lmao who says Shaq makes free throws? cmon, you made that up
Shaq himself has said that. "I make them when it counts"
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Posted :
Wednesday, August 4, 2010 12:28:59 AM(UTC)
" said:
- "Jarrett Bush is a good special teams player."
Alright that one bugged me. He's a good special teams player in the context of the Packers. Overall, he's probably very average, but an average player on Green Bay's special teams is probably one of the better special teams players on this team. That' more or less what I was getting at. He's going to get cut if Will Blackmon is healthy and someone will grab him as a gunner eventually.
As for the topic. King of comebacks? I don't think there is one because even Joe Montana had bad games and bad moments in clutch situations. But Favre was clutch and there is no debate about it. So was John Elway for that matter. I think maybe because of the national media's man crush on both of those players, other fan bases give them more flack than they would some other guys. Still, I'd take those two over say Peyton Manning or the mentioned Dan Marino in a clutch moment anyday. I'd also take their talent over anyone.
In terms of just pure clutch though, Joe Montana kind of does define it and Tom Brady really defines it in modern day lore as well IMO.
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Posted :
Wednesday, August 4, 2010 2:31:56 AM(UTC)
" said:
" said:
lmao who says Shaq makes free throws? cmon, you made that up
Shaq himself has said that. "I make them when it counts"
I recall that, however, you said people and Shaq, yes he's huge, but he's one person, not people. :P
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By WILLIAM SHARP Castle Dale
The Health Exception
Doctor asks; "are you experiencing any mental stress due to your pregnancy?" Teenage girl answers; " yes it is bothering me". Doctor affirms; "then you may have an abortion without your parents consent." The cases before the courts over a ban on partial birth abortions and parental notification (S.L.Tribune article 11-30-05) are opposed by Planned Parenthood and the pro-choice movement because they "lack an exception for health."
Lets stop the charade and get right down to the facts. A health exception opens the door to an abortion for any "mental or physical difficulty arising from pregnancy" (Doe vs. Bolton). Risk to health is clearly not the same as risk to life by current law.
Let's try not to fool others or ourselves. When organizations say they want a 'health exception' they are really saying they want abortion on demand.