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Immunogenicity Of Biological Products Biology Essay
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With the development of science and technology, a growing numbers of biological products are applied clinically in human bodies. Meantime, there is a concern for regulatory agencies and manufacturers about the immunogenicity of biological products because immune response can lead to different kinds of effects for the effectiveness of products. And immunogenicity of biological products can occur pre-clinically and clinically when products induce immune responses in animals or humans receiving the products. A number of factors induce the immune system responding to the presence of a product, such as protein structure, glycosylation, contaminants, formulation and degradation products. (1)Various kinds of clinical results of immunogenicity can lead to various kinds of effects which can range from no effects to very serious adverse effects even the death. But it is very rare to happen. Whilst there are many methods to detect immunogenicity, they depend on detecting the body fluid instead of the cellular response of the immune system. And there are different assays such as immunoassays or bioassays are widely used in the detection of immunogenicity. The design of assays are critical to assess the immunogenicity. These computational and laboratory-based methods for the prediction of immunogenicity can reduce potential immunogenicity of biological products which will induce less immunogenicity of biological products and increase the products safety in future. (1)
Biological products (also called biologics) are made from a variety of natural sources such as human, animal or microorganism. Like drugs, some biologics are used to treat diseases and medical conditions and prevent or diagnose diseases. Biologics can be made up of sugars, proteins, or nucleic acids or complex combinations of these substances, or livings such as cells and tissues. Examples of biological products include vaccines, blood and blood products, allergenic extracts, human cells and tissues used for transplantation, gene therapies, cellular therapies and tests to screen potential blood donors for infectious agents such as HIV. (2)
Vaccines involves viral vaccines and bacterial vaccines. Viral vaccines have developed recently to treat and prevent many kinds of diseases. These vaccines comprise engineered for RNA viruses, rotavirus, INFLUENZA A and B, human papilloma virus (HPV), and varicella-zoster virus (shingles). Researchers advance vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C by the use of biologics in the future. (3)
Bacterial vaccines contain 3 basic types: dead whole organisms or bacterins, including those for pertussis and those for use in the veterinary or aquaculture fields; single-antigen vaccines extracted from bacteria or prepared by genetic engineering; and toxoids. Abounding bacteria, such as those that cause tetanus, pertussis or diphtheria, release toxins that cause cell damage. These toxins have been purified and inactivated, usually with chemicals to produce toxoids. When injected, toxoids helped the formation of antibodies against the original toxin. Some other bacterial vaccines produced involved typhus, typhoid, cholera, haemophilus, influenzae type B, pneumococcus, meningococcus and bacille Calmette-Guérin. Vaccines for veterinary use cover those for household pets, farm animals and other cultivated species ( mink or fish). The vaccination of fish is a new access necessitated by the crowding of fingerlings in AQUACULTURE operations. Vaccines which were administered by injection, immersion or spray are very effective. (3)
Blood Fractions and Serums was started in the 1930s and stimulated by WWII, which was collected and freeze-dried. When combined with water, this product was used in the treatment of blood loss resulting from wound. The ways of separating blood plasma (noncellular fluid) into its constituent proteins were developed in the US. Donated blood include red cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma is fractionated to albumin, immune serum, and coagulation factor concentrates for the treatment of hemophilias A and B. (3)
Methods to alter immunogenicity
Technology to detect immunogenicity of biological products
This picture shows briefly how to detect the immunogenicity of biological products. According to this process, clearly the immunoassays play a very important role in the detection. And immunoassays are mainly used to detect the binding antibody. And the antigen -antibody interaction is a biomolecular association which is similar to an enzyme-substrate interaction. However, there is an important difference that is it does not lead to an irreversible chemical alteration in either the antibody or the antigen. The connection of an anti-body and an antigen involves various noncovalent interactions between the antigenic determinant, or epitope, of the antigen and the variable-region (VH/VL) domain of the antibody molecule, particularly the hypervariable regions,or complementarity-determining regions (CDRs).The slight specificity of antigen-antibody interactions has led to the development of various immunologic assays. And they can be used to detect the presence of either antibody or antigen .Immunoassays is significant in diagnosing diseases, monitoring the level of the humoral immune response, and identifying molecules of biological or medical interest. These assays differ in their speed and sensitivity; some are strictly qualitative, others are quantitative. And according to different advantages and disadvantages, different immunoassays can be carried out to detect the binding antibodies. The noncovalent interactions that form the basis of antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) binding include hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals interactions hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds. Because these interactions are individually weak, a lot of such interactions need form a strong Ag-Ab interaction. Furthermore ,each of these noncovalent interactions operates over a very short distance, generally about 1X10-7mm;consequently,a strong Ag-Ab interaction depends on a very close fit between the antigen and antibody. Such fits require a high degree of complementarity between antigen and antibody, a requirement that underlies the exquisite specificity that characterizes antigen-antibody interactions. The combined strength of the noncovalent interactions between a single antigen-binding site on an antibody and a single epitope is the affinity of the antibody for that epitope. Low-affinity antibodies bind antigen weakly and will dissociate readily, while high-affinity antibodies bind antigen tightly and remain bound longer. And in the following article, some commonly used immunoassays will be introduced.
ELISA Assay
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, commonly known as ELISA (or EIA) is one of most widely used immunoassays. It is similar in principle to RIA but depends on an enzyme rather than a radioactive label. An enzyme conjugated with an antibody reacts with a colorless substrate such as a chromogenic substrate to generate a colored reaction product. ELISA assay use a variety of enzyme including alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase, and galactosidase. The sensitivity of these assays is close to that of RIAs and have the advantage of being safer and less costly. There Are Numerous Variants of ELISA. A number of variations of ELISA have been developed which are applied in qualitative detection or quantitative measurement of either antigen or antibody. Each type of ELISA can be used qualitatively to detect the presence of antibody or antigen. Alternatively, a standard curve based on known concentrations of antibody or antigen is prepared, from which the unknown concentration of a sample can be determined. There are three types of ELISA assays which are Indirect ELISA, Sandwich ELISA and Competitive ELISA.
Antibody can be detected or quantitatively determined with an indirect ELISA (Figure 6-10a). Serum or some other sample containing primary antibody (Ab1) is added to an antigen- coated microtiter well and allowed to react with the antigen attached to the well. After any free Ab1 is washed away, the presence of antibody bound to the antigen is detected by adding an enzyme-conjugated secondary anti-isotype antibody (Ab2), which binds to the primary antibody. Any free Ab2 then is washed away, and a substrate for the enzyme is added. The amount of colored reaction product that forms is measured by specialized spectrophotometric plate readers, which can measure the absorbance of all of the wells of a 96-well plate in seconds.
Indirect ELISA is the method of choice to detect the presence of serum antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS. In this assay, recombinant envelope and core proteins of HIV are adsorbed as solid-phase antigens to microtiter wells. Individuals infected with HIV will produce serum antibodies to epitopes on
these viral proteins. Generally, serum antibodies to HIV can be detected by indirect ELISA within 6 weeks of infection.
Antigen can be detected or measured by a sandwich ELISA (Figure 6-10b). In this technique, the antibody (rather than the antigen) is immobilized on a microtiter well. A sample containing antigen is added and allowed to react with the immobilized antibody.After the well is washed, a second enzyme-linked antibody specific for a different epitope on the antigen is added and allowed to react with the bound antigen. After any free second antibody is removed by washing,substrate is added, and the colored reaction product is measured.
Another variation for measuring amounts of antigen is competitive ELISA (Figure 6-10c). In this technique, antibody is first incubated in solution with a sample containing antigen. The antigen-antibody mixture is then added to an antigencoated microtiter well. The more antigen present in the sample, the less free antibody will be available to bind to the antigen-coated well. Addition of an enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody (Ab2) specific for the isotype of the primary antibody can be used to determine the amount of primary antibody bound to the well as in an indirect ELISA. In the competitive assay, however, the higher the concentration of antigen in the original sample, the lower the absorbance.
Measurement of light produced by chemiluminescence during certain chemical reactions provides a convenient and highly sensitive alternative to absorbance measurements in ELISA assays. In versions of the ELISA using chemiluminescence, a luxogenic (light-generating) substrate takes the place of the chromogenic substrate in conventional ELISA reactions.
For example, oxidation of the compound luminol by H2O2 and the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) produces light. The advantage of chemiluminescence assays over chromogenic ones is enhanced sensitivity. In general, the detection limit can be increased at least ten-fold by switching from a chromogenic to a luxogenic substrate, and with the addition of enhancing agents, more than 200-fold. In fact, under ideal conditions, as little as 5 1018 moles (5 attomoles) of target antigen have been detected.
A modification of the ELISA assay called the ELISPOT assay allows the quantitative determination of the number of cells in a population that are producing antibodies specific for a given antigen or an antigen for which one has a specific antibody (Figure 6-11). In this approach, the plates are coated with the antigen (capture antigen) recognized by the antibody
of interest or with the antibody (capture antibody) specific for the antigen whose production is being assayed. A suspension of the cell population under investigation is then added to the coated plates and incubated. The cells settle onto the surface of the plate, and secreted molecules reactive with the capture molecules are bound by the capture molecules in the vicinity of the secreting cells, producing a ring of antigen-antibody complexes around each cell that is producing the molecule of interest. The plate is then washed and an enzyme-linked antibody specific for the secreted antigen or specific for the species (e.g., goat anti-rabbit) of the secreted antibody is added and allowed to bind. Subsequent development of the assay by addition of a suitable chromogenic or chemiluminescence-producing substrate reveals the position of each antibody- or antigen-producing cell as a point of color or light.
ECL Assay Principles
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) processes are known to occur with numerous molecules including compounds of ruthenium, osmium, rhenium or other elements. ECL is a process in which highly reactive species are generated from stable precursors at the surface of an electrode. These highly reactive species react with one another producing light. The development of ECL immunoassays is based on the use of a ruthenium chelate as the complex for the development of light. The chemiluminescent reactions that lead to the emission of light from the ruthenium complex are initiated electrically rather than chemically. This is achieved by applying a voltage to the immunological complexes (including the ruthenium complex) that are attached to Streptavidin - coated micro particles. Streptavidin, isolated from Streptomyces avidinii is preferred to avidin in this biotin- mediated immunoassay since it has an affinity for biotin comparable to that of avidin, is less basic and had no carbohydrate residues, thus limiting non - specific reactions with acidic groups
and lectins. The advantage of electrically initiating the chemiluminescent reaction is that the entire reaction can be precisely controlled.
The immunoprecipitation technique has the advantage of allowing the isolation of the antigen of interest for further analysis. It also provides a sensitive assay for the presence of a particular antigen in a given cell or tissue type.An extract produced by disruption of cells or tissues is mixed with an antibody against the antigen of interest in order to form an antigen-antibody complex that will precipitate. However, if the antigen concentration is low (often the case in cell and tissue extracts), the assembly of antigen-antibody complexes into precipitates can take hours, even days, and it is difficult to isolate the small amount of immunoprecipitate that forms. Fortunately, there are a number of ways to avoid these limitations. One is to attach the antibody to a solid support, such as a synthetic bead, which allows the antigen-antibody complex to be collected by centrifugation. Another is to add a secondary antibody specific for the primary antibody to bind the antigen-antibody complexes. If the secondary antibody is attached to a bead, the immune complexes can be collected by centrifugation. A particularly ingenious version of this procedure involves the coupling of the secondary antibody to magnetic beads. After the secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody, immunoprecipitates are collected by placing a magnet against the side of the tube
When used in conjunction with biosynthetic radioisotope labeling,immunoprecipitation can also be used to determinewhether a particular antigen is actually synthesized by a cell or tissue. Radiolabeling of proteins synthesized by cells of interest can be done by growing the cells in cell-culture medium containing one or more radiolabeled amino acids. Generally, the amino acids used for this application are those most resistant to metabolic modification, such as leucine, cysteine, or methionine. After growth in the radioactive medium, the cells are lysed and subjected to a primary antibody specific for the antigen of interest. The Ag-Ab complex is collected by immunoprecipitation, washed free of unincorporated radiolabeled amino acid and other impurities, and then analyzed. The complex can be counted in a scintillation counter to obtain a quantitative determination of the amount of the protein synthesized. Further analysis often involves disruption of the complex, usually by use of SDS and heat, so that the identity of the immunoprecipitated antigen can be confirmed by checking that its molecular weight is that expected for the antigen of interest. This is done by separation of the disrupted complex by SDS-PAGE and subsequent autoradiography to determine the position of the radiolabeled antigen on the gel.
figure 6-14abc
In 1944, Albert Coons showed that antibodies could be labeled with molecules that have the property of fluorescence. Fluorescent molecules absorb light of one wavelength(excitation) and emit light of another wavelength (emission). If antibody molecules are tagged with a fluorescent dye, or fluorochrome, immune complexes containing these fluorescently labeled antibodies (FA) can be detected by colored light emission when excited by light of the appropriate wavelength. Antibody molecules bound to antigens in cells or tissue sections can similarly be visualized. The emitted light can be viewed with a fluorescence microscope,which is equipped with a UV light source. In this technique, known as immunofluorescence, fluorescent compounds such as fluorescein and rhodamine are in common use, but other highly fluorescent substances are also routinely used, such as phycoerythrin, an intensely colored and highly fluorescent pigment obtained from algae. These molecules can be conjugated to the Fc region of an antibody molecule without affecting the specificity of the antibody. Each of the fluorochromes below absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a longer wavelength:
Fluorescein, an organic dye that is the most widely used label for immunofluorescence procedures, absorbs blue light (490 nm) and emits an intense yellow-green fluorescence (517 nm).
Rhodamine, another organic dye, absorbs in the yellow-green range (515 nm) and emits a deep red fluorescence (546 nm). Because it emits fluorescence at a longer wavelength than fluorescein, it can be used in two-color immunofluorescence assays. An antibody specific to one determinant is labeled with fluorescein, and an antibody recognizing a different antigen is
labeled with rhodamine. The location of the fluorescein-tagged antibody will be visible by its yellowgreen color, easy to distinguish from the red color emitted where the rhodamine-tagged antibody has bound. By conjugating fluorescein to one antibody and rhodamine to another antibody, one can, for example, visualize simultaneously two different cell-membrane antigens on the same cell. Phycoerythrin is an efficient absorber of light (~30-fold greater than fluorescein) and a brilliant emitter of red fluorescence, stimulating its wide use as a label for immunofluorescence. Fluorescent-antibody staining of cell membrane molecules
or tissue sections can be direct or indirect (Figure 6-14). In direct staining, the specific antibody (the primary antibody) is directly conjugated with fluorescein; in indirect staining, the primary antibody is unlabeled and is detected with an additional fluorochrome-labeled reagent. A number of reagents have been developed for indirect staining.
The most common is a fluorochrome-labeled secondary antibody raised in one species against antibodies of another species, such as fluorescein-labeled goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin. Indirect immunofluorescence staining has two advantages over direct staining. First, the primary antibody does not need to be conjugated with a fluorochrome. Because the supply of primary antibody is often a limiting factor, indirect methods avoid the loss of antibody that usually occurs during the conjugation reaction. Second, indirect methods increase the sensitivity of staining because multiple molecules of the fluorochrome reagent bind to each primary antibody molecule, increasing the amount of light emitted at the location of each primary antibody molecule. Immunofluorescence has been applied to identify a number of subpopulations of lymphocytes, notably the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subpopulations. The technique is also suitable for identifying bacterial species, detecting Ag-Ab complexes in autoimmune disease, detecting complement components in tissues, and localizing hormones and other cellular products stained in situ. Indeed, a major application of the fluorescent-antibody technique is the localization of antigens in tissue sections or in subcellular compartments. Because it can be used to map the actual location of target antigens, fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for relating the molecular architecture of tissues and organs to their overall gross anatomy.
Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence
The fluorescent antibody techniques described are extremely valuable qualitative tools, but they do not give quantitative data. This shortcoming was remedied by development of the flow cytometer, which was designed to automate the analysis and separation of cells stained with fluorescent antibody. The flow cytometer uses a laser beam and light detector to count single intact cells in suspension. Every time a cell passes the laser beam, light is deflected from the detector, and this interruption of the laser signal is recorded. Those cells having a fluorescently tagged antibody bound to their cell surface antigens are excited by the laser and emit light that is recorded by a second detector system located at a right angle to the laser beam. The simplest form of the instrument counts each cell as it passes the laser beam and records the level of fluorescence the cell emits; an attached computer generates plots of the number of cells as the ordinate and their fluorescence intensity as the abscissa. More sophisticated versions of the instrument are capable of sorting populations of cells into different containers according to their fluorescence profile. Use of the instrument to determine which and how many members of a cell population bind fluorescently labeled antibodies is called analysis; use of the instrument to place cells having different patterns of reactivity into different containers is called cell sorting. The flow cytometer has multiple applications to clinical and research problems. A common clinical use is to determine the kind and number of white blood cells in blood samples. By treating appropriately processed blood samples with a fluorescently labeled antibody and performing flow cytometric analysis, one can obtain the following information:
How many cells express the target antigen as an absolute number and also as a percentage of cells passing the beam. For example, if one uses a fluorescent antibody specific for an antigen present on all T cells, it would be possible to determine the percentage of T cells in the total white blood cell population. Then, using the cell-sorting capabilities of the flow cytometer, it would be possible to isolate the T-cell fraction of the leukocyte population.
The distribution of cells in a sample population according to antigen densities as determined by fluorescence intensity. It is thus possible to obtain a measure of the distribution of antigen density within the population of cells that possess the antigen. This is a powerful feature of the instrument, since the same type of cell may express different levels of antigen depending
upon its developmental or physiological state.
The size of cells. This information is derived from analysis of the light-scattering properties of members of the cell population under examination.
Flow cytometry also makes it possible to analyze cell populations that have been labeled with two or even three different fluorescent antibodies. For example, if a blood sample is reacted with a fluorescein-tagged antibody specific for T cells, and also with a phycoerythrin-tagged antibody specific for B cells, the percentages of B and T cells may be determined simultaneously with a single analysis.Numerous variations of such "two-color" analyses are routinely carried out, and "three-color" experiments are common.Aided by appropriate software, highly sophisticated versions of the flow cytometer can even perform "five-color" analyses. Flow cytometry now occupies a key position in immunology and cell biology, and it has become an indispensable clinical tool as well. In many medical centers, the flow cytometer is one of the essential tools for the detection and classification of leukemias (see the Clinical Focus). The choice of treatment for leukemia depends heavily on the cell types involved, making precise identification of the neoplastic cells an essential part of clinical practice. Likewise, the rapid measurement of T-cell subpopulations, an important prognostic indicator in AIDS, is routinely done by flowcytometric analysis. In this procedure, labeled monoclonal antibodies against the major T-cell subtypes bearing the CD4 and CD8 antigens are used to determine their ratios in the patient's blood. When the number of CD4 T cells falls
below a certain level, the patient is at high risk for opportunistic infections.


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Tuesday 1st May, 2012
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Have you ever logged into Google Analytics and noticed that your traffic is up by 10, 20 or even 50%? Although it's exciting to see your traffic up, the real question is, was your revenue up? The chances are, it wasn't… and that's because metrics like page views are vanity metrics. In this presentation you'll learn about 10 actionable metrics that you ought be tracking so that you can boost your revenue.
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Carl Kirschner is Professor of Spanish and Dean of Rutgers College. Formerly Chair of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at Rutgers, he teaches courses in linguistics (syntax and semantics), sociolinguistics and bilingualism, and second language acquisition. Professor Kirschner received his Ph.D. in Spanish Linguistics from the University of Massachusetts. He has published a book on Spanish semantics and numerous articles on Spanish syntax, semantics, and bilingualism, and edited a volume on Romance linguistics.Constance Kihyet is the author of 'Avance! Intermediate Spanish Student Edition', published 2007 under ISBN 9780073513171 and ISBN 0073513172.
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Revere Middle School Special Education Programs
Our Special education program provides a continuum of Special Education services for students who are eligible, as designated in their IEP (Individual Education Plan).
General Education Curriculum - Diploma Track (Mild/ Moderate Disabilities)
Students on the general education curriculum are expected to meet grade level standards and are educated in general education or special day classrooms.
· High Functioning Autism (HFA)
· Special Day Programs (SDP) - Specific Learning Disabilities and Autism
· Additional information - Regarding students on the General Education Curriculum
Alternate Curriculum - Non-Diploma Track (Moderate/ Severe Disabilities)
Students on the alternate curriculum are not expected to meet grade level standards. To meet their unique needs, their academic curriculum focuses on functional academic, daily living and social skills
· Autism
· Multiple Disabilities Orthopedic (MDO)
Revere Special Education Department
Assistant Principal over Special Education: Shuntell Anthony - 310-917-4801, email@example.com
Special Education Coordinator: Clausine Honda – firstname.lastname@example.com
Special Education Clerk: Toya Arnold (Office Tech.) – firstname.lastname@example.com
Paul Revere Charter Middle School and Magnet Ctr
1450 Allenford Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90049
(310) 917-4800
(310) 576-7957


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The Mistress
Author's infos
Gender: male Age: N/A Location: N/A
Posted Thu 4th of August 2011
Mistress jenny is a nice, but stern Mistress who makes her slave earn his orgasm
John came home at the same time he usually did. it was friday evening and he was ready for a few days off work. not that he hated work. john was a photographer who did various kinds of work. most of his income came from doing weddings though.
he pulled into the drive way of Mistress jenny's house at 6:00 pm in his " work truck" he grabbed his camera gear from the back seat and went inside the house. his Mistress jenny was sitting on the couch watching TV. she had noticed his entry and said "welcome home slave, come on over here" john did as she ordered and sat down on the couch next to her. Mistress was wearing her everyday house clothes... just some short shorts and a tank top. Mistress jenny didnt work and instead stayed home and relaxed all day and did things she had to do around the house. occasionally she would even fix dinner or order food for when john got home.
john noticed her nipples through her tank top and started to get hard. it had been at least a week since he was allowed to cum and was incredibly horny. he wanted so bad to reach down and touch his cock, even just one stroke. but he knew he wasnt allowed to touch it without permission. Mistress jenny noticed his hard dick through his pants rather quickly and smiled "hard all ready slave, i haven't even started teasing you yet". before john could answer she said
"down on your knees slave"
john did as he was told and replied "yes Mistress"
"come between my legs boy" she said
john moved still on his knees so his whole body was between her legs. he was so close to your soft, smooth skin.
"bring your head close to my pussy slave and rest your chin on the couch, just stare at it, but dont you dare touch it, yet"
john did exactly as he was told, Mistress continued to watch TV and running her fingers through johns hair. johns cock remained hard the whole time being so close to his Mistresses pussy and not being able to lick or kiss it, yet he could smell her. that didnt help his hard dick any it just made it throb. before long it was too much for john and he tapped his finger on Mistress jenny's leg as this was what he was sopose to do if he wanted to say something while Mistress was busy watching tv. if she didnt answer he was not allowed to tap or poke her again. luckily for john she answerd
"yes slave"
"mistress, may i please have permission to stroke my cock, its throbbing so bad"
Mistress glanced at the TV, her show was rolling the credits "hmmm, looks like your in luck.... follow me into the bedroom on your knees."
john did as she instructed and followed her, as he watched her he could see her fantastic ass saw from side to side as she walked. he also could feel precum seeping out of his dick and covering his entire cock head. once they were to the bedroom Mistress Jenny had him lay on the bed spread eagle and she tied him down and put a pillow behind his head.
"stay there slave" she said as she walked into the walk in closet. john knew this was where the toys and everything where kept but had no idea what she had in store for him tonight.
Mistress walked around in the rather large closet staring at all the toys on the wall... she grabbed a whip, and a cane to begin with and walk out and set them on the bed, she then returned to the closet. after looking around some more she grabbed a bottle of lube, medium sized butt-plug, a strap on, and a bucket full of pegs and returned to set them on the bed. she grabbed the bucket of pegs first and kneeled on top of johns chest. Mistress jenny was in excellent shape, very skinny and fit and john had spent many years doing weight training and working out so she was not hurting him in any way, in fact john found it arousing. Mistress jenny picked up two pegs as she said
"hmm its been almost a week in a half since you have cum last, really thats not a long time but it has been for you hasn't it"
"yes Mistress" john replied.
"hmm, well i'll let you cum boy.... but you will have to earn it tonight got it"?
"yes Mistress" said john.
"good slave"
with that Mistress attached the two pegs on johns nipples. she flicked them around a bit and then continued to add more, first in a straight line from nipple to nipple across his chest, and then down the center of his chest. john made light, quite sounds of pain and frustration but kept them at that because he knew if he wasn't quite she would gag him and he didn't want that. at least not if he didn't know if it would be her wet shorts or a ball gag, or even his own socks if Mistress wasn't in a good mood. Mistress jenny looked and admired what she had done and got up and walked over to where she had laid the whip. she picked it up and slowly walked around the bed lightly hitting her hand with it. then she suddenly whipped it across johns lower stomach. he flinched but didn't make a sound. she continued to whip him over and over in the same spot until she had whipped him 25 times. all the while john made medium gasp or grunts but nothing loud to need to be gagged. she stopped for awhile and began to stroke john, she started off fast and hard taking him right to the edge, and then she took her hands off and watched as precum seeped out. she repeated this process 10 times, each time giving him little time to rest between edges but enough so he wouldn't cum..... yet.
Mistress jenny gave john some time to rest while she picked up the whip again, this time she started at his chest whipping where the pegs where at. she continued purposely knocking the pegs off. john still managed to keep his sounds under control. after every last peg had been whipped of she moved on to the cane. hitting him hard enough to leave red marks. by this time john could not help but make more noise.... Mistress jenny set the whip down and walked into the closet as john watched not knowing what kind of gag she would bring out. but instead she brought out some duct tape, she tore off a piece small enough to fit just over his mouth and said " there, that should take care of those noises coming out of you" john nodded saying thanks because he knew it could have been a lot worse, for one she had many types of gags, or she could have made she the tape didn't come of easy by wrapping it all the way around his head several times.
Mistress Jenny used the cane a few more times this time not holding back and hitting him harder. she did this 10 times then set the cane down and walked to the end of the bed. she started teasing him again by stroking his cock to the edge, this time only a couple times before she let go. she undid his restraints on his legs and the tied the restraints to the top of the bed, in doing so this pulled johns legs up exposing his ass. MIstress jenny slipped in her part of the strap on which gave her pleasure as she fucked him. she lubed up both the strap on and johns ass really wet, after all he had been pretty good and she didn't think he deserved to have it shaved in rough without lube at all. she fucked him slow at first as and slightly got faster and faster until john was moaning through the gag. she continued at this pace until she had an orgasm. she left john tied up in that position while she removed the strap on and cleaned it. she also put everything back in its place. only then did she let johns legs down and tie them to the bottom of the bed again. she walked over to where his head was and removed the duct tape. she got on top of john again this time she straddled his face and he knew exactly what to do without her saying a word. she lowered herself on top of him as he licked her clit over and over again. it wasn't long before she was having another orgasm. she stayed on him until her body was fully through the orgasm, then she got up and walked to the bottom of the bed and leaned in towards his cock... she said "well done boy, you earned your chance to cum." she started stroking him until he was hard again and then slowly started sucking him. she continued untill he was nearly on the edge and then stopped, after a few seconds she started stroking him again this time not stoping. within a minute she heard the words she was waiting for
"mistress may i please cum"
"yes slave you may"
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anonymous reader
2012-02-12 11:23:19
DGuUIr I subscribed to RSS, but for some reason, the messages are written in the form of some hieroglyph (How can it be corrected?!...
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Does anybody embody the history of 20th-century jazz as much as Mary Lou Williams? The arc of her career extends from the territory bands and Kansas City swing of the 1930s to the heights of the big-band era, the bebop movement of the 1940s, the American expatriate jazz of the post-World War II era, the sacred-jazz trend of the 1960s, and the emergence of jazz education in the 1970s. Only Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, and Benny Carter can compare to her in terms of long-running musical achievement that spans several generations of jazz evolution.
A mentor to several key figures of the bop era, a friend to troubled jazz musicians, and a pioneer for women in jazz, Williams' impact on jazz history goes beyond her considerable musical skills. Still, it is her artistic work that's at the heart of her legacy, driven by her deeply spiritual but creatively restless personality, and her ability to absorb and reflect many influences in a sound all her own. As Ellington famously remarked of her,
Mary Lou Williams is perpetually contemporary. Her writing and performing have always been a little ahead throughout her career. Her music retains, and maintains, a standard of quality that is timeless. She is like soul on soul.
From "Little Piano Girl" to the Lady Who Swung the Bands
Mary Lou Williams was born in Atlanta, Georgia on May 8, 1910 and moved with her family when she was five to Pittsburgh, where she became known as the "little piano girl of East Liberty" for her skills as a musical prodigy. Williams first made a name for herself in the jazz world as a pianist and arranger/composer with Andy Kirk's Twelve Clouds of Joy in the 1930s. Jazz writer Allen Lowe touts Williams' writing for the Kirk band for its "harmonies packed with gentle motion and given a firm but flexible grounding, dispensed by a hard-blowing ensemble in tonal gusts that had the effect of repeated blasts of fresh air."
Williams' arranging talents were in demand for other big bands as well, before and after she left Andy Kirk in the early 1940s. She wrote Benny Goodman's radio show theme "Camel Hop" and "Roll 'Em," which became a longrunning part of the clarinetist's repertoire. In the late 1940s she briefly joined Goodman's bop-influenced small group, and we'll hear his big band doing one of her compositions, "Lonely Moments," which jazz scholar Loren Schoenberg has cited for its mix of major and minor modes, and its ability to give Goodman a comfortable bridge to sounding modern (a place, however, that he ultimately chose not to reside in).
Mary Lou Williams also wrote a number of arrangements for Duke Ellington's 1940s orchestra, and one became a standing feature for the band–a reworking of Irving Berlin's "Blue Skies," subsequently titled "Trumpets No End"–that we'll hear in the show.
The Bop Salon and Europe
In the mid-1940s Mary Lou Williams was a frequent pianist at Café Society, the integrated New York City nightclub favored by artists and political activists, and she also hosted a weekly radio show. Her Harlem apartment became a gathering spot for a circle of young musicians, including some of the bebop revolution's leading figures such as Dizzy Gillespie, Bud Powell, and Thelonious Monk. Williams served as a mentor and a sounding board for these artists, running a sort of "bop salon," as it's come to be called in accounts of her life.
Williams made a number of modernistic small-group recordings during this period, and she also wrote her extended Zodiac Suite, which she performed live at New York City's Town Hall on New Year's Eve, 1945.
Despite the high regard in which she was held by younger musicians, Williams had a hard professional time of it in the late 1940s and early 50s, and a 1951 trip to England turned into a two-year stay on the Continent, making Williams a member of the expatriate jazz movement, the American artists who went to Europe and stayed in the years following the end of World War II.
Sacred Jazz and DIY
While she was in Europe in the mid-1950s Williams experienced a personal crisis that led her to take a strong religious turn in her life. For several years she did not perform, and after returning to America devoted her energy instead to running a thrift shop and helping out drug-addicted musicians.
When Williams did begin to re-emerge as a jazz artist, some of her new original material was cast in the mode of what would come to be known as "sacred jazz"—jazz performed in a church setting as part of a modernized church service. In this she was several years ahead of Duke Ellington, who would write and perform three sacred-jazz concerts in the final years of his life. She also released the recordings on her own label, Mary Records, which puts her in the lineage of jazz history's "do-it-yourself" artists.
Final Years
In the early 1970s Williams became a fixture on the live New York City jazz scene again, performing regularly at the Cookery, a restaurant operated by former Café Society owner Barney Josephson. In the late 1970s she became a jazz educator in residence at Duke University, and she also played a legendary duets concert with avant-garde pianist Cecil Taylor–an event that received mixed reviews and was released under the title Embraced, though one writer waggishly suggested that it should have been called Clashed.
A few months later Williams went to the opposite end of the musical spectrum and played with Benny Goodman at Carnegie Hall, leading her to declare, "Now I can really say I played all of it." She'd echo a similar sentiment not long after that on Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz program, saying "I''m the only living musician that has played all the eras." Sadly, she wouldn't be alive for much longer, dying from cancer in May of 1981 at the age of 71.
More Mary Lou:
- Mary Lou Williams' Zodiac Suite
- Music for Peace: the Sacred Jazz of Mary Lou Williams
- Mary Lou Williams: Soul On Soul
Watch Mary Lou Williams perform "The Man I Love" and "Honeysuckle Rose" at Montreux in 1978:


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I was playing a Shoals in unranked, and he/she rage quit. It marked me as having a streak of 1 loss. Anyone else having this issue?
Loss Streak with Opponent Rage Quit?
Posted by
(162 posts)
Edited by
(4751 posts)
I had a game winning headshot happen and freeze my PS3. My disconnect rate went up and my loss streak did too.
I've also had it come up before character selection that my opponent left the game. I got a win. The next round before character selection it came up saying I'd been removed from the session. I got a loss and a disconnect. These were all ranked.
I'm not sure how it determines who leaves or who gets a loss; sometimes you get some and sometimes you lose some.
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Posts filtered on Tag
Optimists are Winning
We live in an extraordinary time of peace, freedom, and wealth and we are almost entirely blind to it. Conditions for Americans and the rest of the world could be, and probably will be, even better in the future. How much better things will get and for how many people, will depend to a very large extent on decisions that Americans make in coming years. …
Shaming the Poor Does Not Help
What makes a guy like Ben Carson, for example, such a tragic figure is the way he turned his own remarkable success into a condemnation of those how did not succeed; those crushed by the same conditions of poverty and racism he endured. Survivors' guilt can be a terrible torment. The deep conviction that you made it because you were more righteous than the worthless losers left behind in the ruins of Detroit must be a wonderful balm, though the odor is terrible. …
Rick Perry and Texas' Real Economic Advantage
There are parts of the Texas Advantage that the rest of the country should emulate.
And there are other parts.


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The Final Fantasy series, like most RPGs, has status effects, or conditions which affect a character's attributes or actions, for better or for worse. Some minor status ailments such as Poison or Blind are actually inflicted during special attacks, while some of the more advanced ones are their own spell or skill. Just about every status enhancement affects one person, or has an area effect that includes surrounding units.
Generally, Black Mages are the inflictors of status ailments, while White Mages can cure status ailments and also bestow status enhancements.
Contents |
Contents |
One of a variety of effects that alter the behavior, in a negative way, of the being it is applied to.
A Status Effect is an effect that causes the target to behave in particular way, generally to its own disadvantage. A status effect may be the principal purpose of a power, or it may be a chance (often welcome) side effect of a power intended to cause damage.
A power that inflicts a status effect will do so for the duration of the power. If the status effect is only a side effect of a damaging instant attack, the status effect will have a separate duration. The duration of a status effect can often be extended by enhancements to the power or by other means.
Each power also has a magnitude value associated with the status effect. The magnitude is compared to the status protection of target. If the magnitude exceeds the status protection against it, the target is affected by the status effect. Otherwise, the target is immune to the effect.
Status effects stack: if a target is affected by more than one power that inflicts the same status, the magnitudes of the separate powers are combined (formula needed). If the resulting magnitude exceeds the protection against it, the target is affected by the status.
As each new power is applied or wears off, the resulting magnitude is recalculated, and the target is afflicted or freed of the status as appropriate.


text: Source: F4Wonline.com WWE ScoutingWWE is reportedly beginning to greatly increase their scouting efforts for new talent. This is a department many in the company admit has fallen off over the years. DeMott Being PraisedAs previously reported, Bill DeMott took over as the head trainer of WWE developmental when Tom Prichard got released. In the past, people had been critical of DeMott as a trainer, but he is now said to be receiving praise from those feeling he has matured into a solid instructor. |


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Roasted fennel and red quinoa salad, chicken, arugula,tomato,Sherry vinaigrette.
Author Notes: This dish was inspired by my sister who has celiac disease. She is always looking for alternatives to the usual gluten free recipes. This dish packs a whole lot of punch with the sherry vinaigrette, yet maintains a subtly of textures with the remaining components —Jason Nejberger
Serves 4
- 1 Fennel bulb
- 1 pound Skinless chicken breast
- 2 cups Red quinoa
- 2 handfuls Baby arugula
- 1 cup Medium diced tomatoes
- 1 tablespoon Sherry wine vinegar
- 1 teaspoon Extra virgin olive oil
- 1 tablespoon Cannoli oil
- 3 cups Low sodium chicken stock
- 1 pinch Salt
- 1 pinch Fresh ground pepper
- Thinly slice fennel bulb and toss with extra virgin olive oil, salt and pepper. Place on sheet pan and spread evenly. Roast in oven for approximately 15 minutes
- Meanwhile in a heavy gauge sauce pan add quinoa, chicken stock, salt and pepper and cook for about 15 minutes
- Preheat grill pan on medium high heat, season chicken breast with salt and pepper and grill both sides until internal temperature reaches 160 degrees
- When quinoa,fennel and chicken are complete, place in a non-reactive metal bowl and add baby arugula, chopped tomatoes, sherry vinegar.
- Toss with extra virgin olive oil, salt and pepper.
- Place in 4 separate serving bowls and garnish with fennel fronds. Enjoy!
More Great Recipes:
Entrees|Rice & Grains|Chicken|Quinoa|Fennel


text:
Glasses & Contacts. We accept most medical insurances.
Gradual clouding of vision, glare and yellow color to objects and can be removed routinely through a state-of-the-art no-stitch procedure. Ask us how we can get rid of your glasses altogether after surgery!
Frequent blurred vision that clears but is accompanied by pain and runny, watery eyes as well as 'bad' quality tears and crusting. Symptoms can be cured easily ~ either with lid scrubs or punctual plugs.
Age-related and causes vision to dull. One never goes totally blind but self-monitoring can help with the addition of new and advanced vitamins!
If diagnosed for more than seven years, this disease can cause blurred vision from bleeding and swelling inside the eyes and can be treated with a laser. Your insurance will pay for yearly check-ups.
The silent cause of blindness. However, those afflicted only go blind if left untreated for many years. Drops and laser surgery control this.
Copyright © Luna Vision and Beauty 2010 - 2016. All rights reserved Web site Design and Maintenance by DDS Web Design LLC.


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Poppy report
Obsessed as I am, I could not resist an early morning run to Poppy before my meeting at 9 in N. Falmouth. I arrived at the channel at about 5:30am to the end of a fairly high incoming tide with a considerable chill in the air and a challenging wind to my side. For about a half hour I tossed my beastie of a herring fly and found no takers. I switched over to an intermediate line and a white/chartruese clouser and started finding some small schoolies. I found more schoolies as I swept the beach on the way back to the car.
Maybe not worth getting up at 3:45 but still fun. |
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The Kate is the ultimate Harris Tweed mule slipper for women, using only the very best luxury materials it has bags of style and quality. The Kate features a durable textile covered TPR sole unit and genuine sheepskin lining that will have all the ladies out there cruising through the home like royalty.
Additional Info
Additional Info
Outer Material | Harris Tweed |
Slipper Styles | Mule Slippers, Sheepskin Slippers, Harris Tweed Slippers |
Individual Size | No |
Colour | Lilac / Blue |
Inner Material | Textile |
Manufacturer | Bedroom Athletics |
Footwear Closure Type | Slip On |
Pattern | Checkered |
Condition | new |


text:
Gretchen Taking Scent
Collections are a JPG+ feature. You must be a JPG+ member to create new collections and to add photos to collections.
Sign up for JPG+ to start using collections now!
Photo license: © All rights reserved
Gretchen working traces of scent during a training exercise. Elmer Davis Lake near Owenton, KY.
4 responses
je suis moi gave props (21 Dec 2011):
Wonderful and Excellent picture of a working dog...
Regenia Brabham gave props (21 Feb 2012):
A great dog and entry.
Leslie Hunziker gave props (21 Feb 2012):
great entry!
Christy gave props (22 Feb 2012):
Perfect entry! Not everyone sees how important they are!!!
Also by Robert Duncan


text:
Nanoxia Deep Silence 6 HPTX Chassis Review
Inside the Deep Silence 6
The insides of both panels are covered with a dense material used to sound proof this chassis. The left panel has a cover currently screwed into place, but once removed there is the option for 120mm or 140mm fans to go here. Also--and this is no joke--each door weighs right around ten pounds, so be prepared.
Our first view inside shows the wiring being run through the grommet in the tray to keep it all-in-one place. Under the bottom tray in the HDD rack, there is a box of hardware to allow the build to continue.
There are four 5.25-inch bays offered in this design, and both sides of these bays use these bulky-but-secure tool-free locks. We also found a bay adapter tied up to the bottom of the bays that allows one bay to convert to a 3.5-inch bay.
Right behind the front fans, there are two racks stacked that offer five slide-out trays in each. Each tray will allow for either a 3.5-inch or 2.5-inch drive to be installed. If ten bays are still not enough, we also have another three bay rack that is movable to the left to allow water cooling to go onto the bracket on the main HDD rack, or it can be removed completely.
The top of the chassis has a pair of 140mm fan pre-installed, but they can easily be removed for more ambitious cooling like a 360mm or 280mm radiator. There is also a good offset to the motherboard, easily allowing for a radiator and fan not to block off the motherboard.
The motherboard tray covers quite the list of compatible motherboards and also has two cooler access holes for dual-socket motherboards. With twelve holes and grommets to tend to the wiring and roughly ten places to tie wiring to, having a clean looking build should be fairly easy to accomplish.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
United Kingdom: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon UK's website.
Canada: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website.
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Today we reset the store for post-Christmas sales. We have two tables of marked down cards, ornaments, and holiday-themed gift items, plus a stray assortment of leftover gift items--a bird house, a gymnastic monkey, some Peruvian bird whistles. If I was planning to reorder, I'd keep the items for the new shipment, but in most of these cases, it is not to be.
We had several enthusiastic customers who bought up a decent amount of what we had left over, such that we needed to do further consolidation by the end of the day. Shown is what seems to be our least popular holiday card, as even with markdown, we've only been able to sell one. It seemed cute to me at the time, but apparently I was so dizzied by its presence that I couldn't hold my phone still enough to make a clear picture.
The table shifting meant that we needed to build new displays. A self-improvement table went up, as did a Valentine's table. The general football table became more Packer-specific, and we kept one table each for adult and kids' Christmas titles, which we'll keep for a couple more weeks.
As we consolidate the calendars, the height rises from displays. And there was some cleaning up too--we stopped buying a card line that needed a special display, and after making sure that the vendor couldn't use it for another store, we had to toss it, as we couldn't figure out how it could be repurposed.
Teen Thursday: March 23
1 day ago


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We finally have video of one of the cats jumping on the counter and being scared by SSSCAT -- the compressed air can with a motion sensor on it that puffs air and scares the crap out of cats when they venture into areas they're not allowed.
This video is of Murray. I wish I could slow it down for you, but I think it's pretty funny, anyway. You can hear The Bachelorette on the television in the background -- this was filmed last night.
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
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Job Applications
Paul Bukovec reads #DeniseLevertov at tonight's #poetry event. The community of writers showed up strong. Love to all you beautiful #phillypoets ! #poetrycommunity #phillypoetry #poemsofresistance #greenlinepeople #greenlinecafe ... See MoreSee Less
1 day ago
Sharyn Haley likes this
Our acclaimed Monthly Poetry Series happens every 3rd Thursday of the month at Locust Street. Join us tomorrow night on resistance of all the u-know-what! #phillypoetry #poetrycommunity #phillypoets #greenlinecafe ... See MoreSee Less
3 days ago
Jak Karpinski, Esraa Al-Shammari and 3 others like this
Snow days call for Green Line! We're open at Baltimore Ave, Locust St, and 40th Street. ... See MoreSee Less
1 week ago
Baltimore Avenue Business Association, Michael Inwood and 19 others like this
Of course we're open! ... See MoreSee Less
1 month ago
Jeffrey Cortland Jones, Julie Tobery and 21 others like this
Green Line co-owner Douglas Witmer here: We just received some terrible news that our friend Chip Dunahugh passed away suddenly yesterday in Santa Fe, NM. There literally would be no Green Line Cafe without Chip. In 2002 we were looking for a contractor to renovate the interior at 43rd and Baltimore. I knew of Chip through the Philly art world. Chip was a sculptor whose work was influenced by Matisse. He made his money around town doing carpentry and renovations. He and his wife (also an artist) lived in an amazing former industrial space under the Ben Franklin Bridge that Chip had completely renovated by himself into their home, studios, and several apartments. Their roof deck had the most unbelievable view of the river and the city. Chip's master plan was to sell that building and pretty much retire by age 40 so he could be an artist full-time the rest of his life. (The plan worked.) Chip himself was a presence. He kind of resembled He-Man with his big frame and shaggy blonde hair and square chin. For fun he played rugby. He liked good wine. He was from the midwest. He was very kind, but had a sort of gruff old-school no-nonsense air about him. He showed up everyday in a beat-up Subaru with his matching beat-up stainless steel travel mug that he never washed (because that would ruin the seasoning). He preferred to work alone, but tolerated Dan and me (he was pretty much my boss back then haha!). One of the most amazing things I have ever seen a human do was Chip lifting 4 x 8 foot sheets of 3/4-inch drywall while simultaneously climbing up a scaffold, in order to get to the Green Line's 12-foot ceiling, whereupon he balanced the entire sheet on his head, standing on his tiptoes to get it perfectly in position, and supporting it with one hand while he attached drywall screws with the other! Fire code required there to be 2 layers of 3/4" drywall on the entire ceiling...let that sink in. RIP Chip. You're special. chipdunahughsantafenm.weebly.com/ ... See MoreSee Less
1 month ago
Geoff Hatten, Robert J Hankins Denig and 13 others like this
Jason BrockTerrible news. Please pass on any info about donations we can make for Romi.
1 month agoFrancisco OrtizYou all have the best coffee. Every time I'm in town i stop by and your coffee and customer service are awesome
1 month agoKelly Crago-ClemWhat a great memories of my cousin.. thank u.
1 month ago · 1Francisco OrtizVery sorry to hear of your loss. Praying for his family and friends
1 month ago · 1Alan EbnotherChip was a very special human being!
1 month ago · 1Dinorah PezzatiIt's sad to hear the loss of your good friend. I didn't know him personally, but all the words you described him as special person with special talents. May God have him in his Glory. Blessings to his family
1 month agoMelonie Vore-GillilanSending prayers and love ❤ to all, that were touched by Chip's love for life. He clearly had a gift and shared it! May his wife be wrapped in the arms of our Lord and given strength. Sorry for your loss Karen! He sounds like a wonderful man.
1 month agoKaren KoenigWow! My cousin was an amazing person. I knew this but your tribute is truly awesome. Thank you!
1 month ago · 2Melanie BrennemanThis is very sweet. I remember that building. We went with the whole family for the Fourth of July when I was little.
1 month ago · 1Velma MagillSo sorry to hear.
1 month agoVal ParsleyHe sounded like an extremely talented individual who was highly respected. Such a loss.
1 month agoDavid ClinedinstFirst met Chip on the high school football practice field. He was a good ball player and a kind man. R.I.P
1 month agoBarb ChristmanI remember Chip from school. His Mom was one of my teachers. Prayers for his family and friends.
1 month agoMark WethliA wonderful tribute, Douglas. So sorry for your loss--
1 month agoErin CreightonAmazing tribute. It's nice to hear stories about him such as this.
1 month agoJeffro ShicksSorry to hear this I remember Chip from school and church :(
1 month ago · 1Munira NaquiSo sorry to hear about your loss. He sounds like an amazing person!
1 month agoSue Stokes-ShicksSo sorry. We will be praying for his family
1 month agoRoberta RotherhamSuch a heartbreaking loss!
1 month agoPurple Pigeon Press- Maria Ruggiano-Alekseevso sorry to hear.
1 month ago#fbf 14 YEARS AGO !!! #focusonsomethingpositive #greenlinepeople ... See MoreSee Less
2 months ago
Bruce Newell Haskin, Robert Mather and 45 others like this
Walter BilderbackCongratulations!
2 months agoLUV THIS! #Reposting @robs10kfriends -- 660. "I like to tell my best friend, 'The way you date people, I've dated cities." After graduating college, Becca Bernstein lived in Chicago (her home city), NYC, D.C. and now Philly. Though she's spent several years away from home, Becca made frequent visits to Chicago to visit her mom, who had been diagnosed with ALS and FTD (frontotemporal dementia). Sadly, Becca's mom passed away last November, but one of the possessions she left to Becca was her journal from a trip she had taken to Europe. To honor her mom, Becca will be taking that same trip this summer with important people from her life joining her at different legs along the way. She'll also be logging her thoughts in a journal (given to her by her sister) very similar to her mom's with prompts like "take a picture with all the people mom would have liked in this city." Such a great way to remember your mom and hope you have a blast on the trip, @bernstei1! #10kfriends #philly #chicago #mom #daughter #eurotrip #journal #family #meetingpeople
How we met: Becca was introduced to my project via her girlfriend and then DM'ed me to meet! #greenlinepeople @bernstei1 ... See MoreSee Less
2 months ago
Rocky Mantle, Marcos Falcão and 1 other like this
Pretty much... ... See MoreSee Less
2 months ago
James Buckley, Sael Musallam and 3 others like this
YO! If #Rocky were #vegan he'd probably eat like 5 of these. Also too: #veganwhiz. Say it with us: #veganwhiz ... See MoreSee Less
2 months ago
Sharon Race, Sarah James and 6 others like this
Valerie Maria😍😍😍 is this an addition or replacement of one of the vegan sandwiches? 40th St like you guys don't see me enough 😂
2 months agoWhoa it got cold in a snap! Get in here and warm up yr bones! ... See MoreSee Less
3 months ago
Jonathan Frederick Walz, Jeff Carlson and 2 others like this
YOUR #greenlinecafe Instagrams!
Sorry:- Instagram feed not found.
We're not always hiring, but you're welcome to fill out an application. We do keep applications on file and we often review past applications when there is a job opening.
Download an application:
Completed applications may be dropped off in person at our Baltimore Avenue location ONLY, or you may complete the application and email it to:
greenline [at] greenlinecafe [dot] com
You can submit your resume, too, but the main thing we use is our application. Resumes submitted without an application will not be considered.
No phone calls please. The cafe staff working behind the counter will not be able to help you.


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The Biggest Loser
The Biggest Loser: Families
Amy Cremen eliminated from NBC's 'The Biggest Loser: Families'
By John Bracchitta, 11/26/2008
Last week's
by Amy Cremen, a 26-year-old purchasing department representative from Auburn Hills, MI., to remain "Blue True" and save Blue team teammate Vicky Vilcan from elimination turned out to be quite a costly one.
After a contentious relationship between the two in recent rounds, Vicky, a 37-year-old anesthetist from Houma, LA, cast the deciding vote that eliminated Amy from
The Biggest Loser
: Families
during last night's broadcast on NBC.
"The Amy who came to
The Biggest Loser
always put on that 'I'm funny' face for everybody, but honestly I was insecure, I didn't think I was good enough. But this experience completely changed my life," Amy said following her elimination. "I've lost 71 lbs., this is definitely a new beginning for me. Even though I'm leaving the ranch tonight, I'm leaving the old Amy."
"I'm confident and strong and it is because of this experience," she added.
The Biggest Loser
: Families'
eleventh episode began with Renee Wilson, a 46-year-old event manager, and her daughter Michelle Aguilar, a 26-year-old assistant director from Ft. Worth, TX., lamenting over the elimination of Black team teammate Coleen Skeabeck at the show's previous weigh-in.
With Coleen's elimination, Renee and Michelle had the odds against them as they stood as the only two remaining Black team members against four remaining Blue team members. Still, rather than focusing on their disadvantage in the competition, both Renee and Michelle were more saddened by the loss of Coleen, whom they had forged a close relationship with.
"Not only was Coleen an awesome teammate, but she was more like an adopted daughter to me, and the thought of her leaving us is just heartbreaking," Renee said.
Michelle thought that Coleen had come to the ranch "for all the right reasons," and thought that Amy -- who had cast the deciding vote to send her home over Vicky -- had made a mistake in sending her home.
The following day, Michelle's frustration over Coleen's departure continued when she and Renee met with their trainer Jillian Michaels.
"I kinda handed Vicky to them on a silver platter. It was the perfect chance," Michelle told Jillian, referring to a one pound penalty she had given to Vicky that had forced her into the bottom two. "I don't know if we'll ever get another chance to get Vicky out because she is the biggest threat in this house."
All three agreed -- correctly as it turned out -- that Vicky would not hesitate to send Amy home if given the chance.
However, now at an extreme disadvantage in numbers, Jillian urged Renee and Michelle to work hard and made it clear that she was going to be tough on them in order to keep both of them above the yellow line.
When meeting with his Blue team members, trainer Bob Harper was glad to see that Amy and Vicky had seemingly buried the hatchet. Amy seemed to share his sentiments as well.
"What's done is done, and what happened happened. Whether it was a mistake or not, it already happened, you can't do anything about it," Amy said later. "We're just moving on, like adults."
However, Vicky seemed to have a different opinion regarding her supposed reconciliation with Amy.
"Even though Amy gave me another week here, I still don't 100% trust her and I feel like I need to keep my eye out on her," she said.
After the meetings with their trainers, the contestants met with
The Biggest Loser
: Families
host Alison Sweeney told them they would be taking part in 'NFL Week' as part of the show's Thanksgiving celebration.
The contestants followed Alison outside where they met with former San Francisco 49ers and Super Bowl champions
Jerry Rice
and Steve Young and were told that they would be taking part in an NFL combine featuring drills that football players use to train.
The combine consisted of a catching drill, jumping through a rope ladder without tripping, running in between cones, doing 25 bench presses, and sprinting to the finish line in between tackle dummies.
The contestants were also told that the winner of the challenge would get $10,000 to donate to a school of their choice as a prize.
Prior to running through the course, Vicky sensed a potential twist in the challenge and warned Heba Salama, a 30-year-old pharmaceutical sales representative Raleigh, NC, to not run through the course too quickly.
Sure enough, after each competitor had run through the combine, Steve and Jerry told them that they would be running through the course a second time, with the $10,000 going to the contestant who improved upon their first time the most.
"I think Vicky maybe had a little bit of intuition about us doing it a second time, the first time she ran through the course I knew she had more in her. She saved a little bit of energy, she has plenty of room to improve on her score and she'll do it," a suspicious, and disappointed, Michelle said following the challenge.
Because of her foresight, Vicky was able to improve her second run by 22 seconds, which beat out Renee's 17 second improvement and won the challenge.
"Vicky is gaming us all, and we should have gotten rid of her at last week's elimination," a frustrated Renee said.
In the gym after the challenge, both Bob and Ed Brantley, a 31-year-old chef from Raleigh, NC, noticed that Ed had become something of an underdog because of the strong performances from the five remaining women in the competition.
"These girls are tough," Ed said. "I mean these girls can do what a lot of men in this country can't do right now." ed
"I'm absolutely concerned about Ed," Bob said. "I think Ed has a got a lot of work to do. Look at the women in this house, my three girls are still forging ahead and Ed is just getting beat up."
NFL Week continued at the ranch when the contestants met with Alison on a football field for their second challenge. After starting on one end of the field, contestants were told that they would have to track down footballs being launched at them from the opposite end zone and run them back to put in racks with opposing players names on them.
Once a player received 10 balls in their rack, they would be eliminated. The last contestant standing would win a 2009 NFL Pro Bowl ticket package to Honolulu, HI.
As an added twist, Alison told them that for every ball they were able to catch, they would receive a $500 cash bonus.
As the competition got underway, Vicky outlined the Blue team's plan very clearly to Amy.
"Take out Black," she whispered.
The plan worked well, as Michelle was the first contestant eliminated and Renee followed next.
After outlasting Ed and Amy, the challenge came down to Vicky and Heba. After jumping out to a two-ball lead, Heba conceded as she walked in with Vicky, who put the 10th ball in Heba's rack to win the challenge.
"Once again Vicky's got everybody fooled," Michelle said, referencing the Blue team's continued insistence on letting Vicky guide them. "The Blue team's not seeing it, it's kinda sad."
After learning of how the challenge transpired the following day, Jillian told Renee and Michelle that Bob's Blue team had a history in the competition of ganging up on their opponents.
After gathering in the dining room, the contestants were treated to more Thanksgiving-related activities as they were surprised by celebrity chef Rocco DiSpirito, who taught them healthy alternatives to the high-calories holiday foods that often occupy the Thanksgiving table. After sitting down and enjoying their healthy meal together, Rocco revealed that each contestant would also be able to view a Thanksgiving video message from their families.
Following the meal, Renee and Michelle prepared for their last chance workout well aware that either of them faltering would almost certainly result in their elimination. However, they took solace in the fact that their team had faced adversity before had been able to survive so long in the competition.
"Michelle and I are the only team from Day 1 who've stayed here the entire time. We've been through every challenge, every last chance workout, every happy moment, every sad moment," Renee said. "It's not the Black team, it's Michelle, my daughter. That's way more important than just a Black team member, and I don't want us to go home."
Both Bob and Jillian worked their teams hard during their respective last chance workouts, with Jillian holding nothing back as she hoped to keep Michelle and Renee out of the bottom two while Bob worked Ed hard with the hopes of working towards an all Blue team finale.
Following the workout, the contestants arrived at the weigh-in that evening and were told that the two contestants with the lowest percentage of weight loss would fall below the yellow line and be subject to elimination voting from the other contestants.
Michelle came in first place at the weigh in, losing 10 lbs. for a weight loss percentage of 5.38%.
Renee followed in second place and guaranteed that neither she nor Michelle would be in the bottom two by losing 8 lbs. for a percentage 3.86%.
Vicky followed in third place, losing 7 lbs. for a percentage of 3.74%.
Ed came in fourth place, losing 9 lbs. for a percentage of 3.44%.
Heba came in fifth place, losing 7 lbs. for a percentage of 3.03%, putting her alongside Amy , who lost 5 lbs for a percentage of 2.89%, in the bottom two.
"Good for Michelle, she lost 10 lbs. Good for Renee, she lost 8 lbs," Heba said following the weigh-in. "They saved themselves once again. Amy and I fell and it sucks."
Amy was shocked to be in the bottom two, especially given all her prior success on the ranch.
"To go from being the 'Biggest Loser' in the house week after week to falling below the yellow line is just kind of a surreal thing," she said. "I needed to blink a couple times, is this real?"
Both Heba and Amy also expressed similar hopes that Vicky would follow through on promises she had made to each of them to save them if they fell below the yellow line.
Prior to the contestants voting, both Amy or Heba plead their cases as to why they should stay on the ranch.
"I'm not ready to go, I don't wanna be split from my husband, I wanna be here with him and I wanna try to at least get to 200 lbs. before I have t leave the ranch," Heba told the other contestants. "I know that's gonna be hard , but I want that same opportunity that now every woman in the house has gotten."
"What can I say? I love every single one of those people over there, and you've gotta do what you've gotta do," Amy said in between tears. "I'm driven, I'm focused, and I wanna stay at the ranch and do what I came to do. I wanna finish it, and if you have it in your heart and that's what you feel you need to do, than don't keep me here. I just love you all and I respect whatever decision you make."
Alison added that a tie vote between the four contestants would result in Amy's departure because she had a lower weight loss percentage than Heba.
After Michelle and Renee voted for Heba while Ed voted for Amy, the deciding vote came down to Vicky.
"It's really hard for me. I think that they can both beat me in this game, and I'm a game player and I always pick out numbers and I think that Amy has the highest percentage in the house, and that Heba has a lot of weight to lose and she's still also a big threat in this game. And I made promises to both of then," Vicky reasoned before revealing that she had voted for Amy's elimination.
"It's been an absolute pleasure to be in this house with every single one of you, I've just learned so much and grown so much as a person. I will never go back to weigh 235 lbs ever," Amy said before leaving.
Following Amy's departure, Alison told the remaining competitors that they would be packing their bags and traveling to New York City for a "whirlwind makeover."
In the post-show update, it was revealed that Amy had dropped her dress size from a 22 to a size 8 since joining the show. Amy added that she had been training with her mother at the Michigan State University gym and hoped to get her weight down to 125 lbs. by the finale.
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Bob's Rental Center offers rentals, sales, and service for most outdoor power equipment. We also have a large inventory of replacement parts in stock to service your parts needs. We have been servicing the Capital District for decades dealing with all the big names like Toro, Ariens, Lawnboy, Tanaka, Stihl, Briggs and Stratton, Tecumseh, Dolmar, MTD, Kohler, McCulloch, Murray, Troy-Bilt and more.
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"1. The ventilation system of any building is the perfect hiding place. No one will ever think of looking for you in there, and you can travel to any other part of the building you want without difficulty.
2. You're very likely to survive any battle in any war unless you make the mistake of showing someone a picture of your sweetheart back home,
3. Should you wish to pass yourself off as a German officer, it is not necessary to speak the language. A German accent will do. "
The Morning Link: 100 Things Learned from Watching Movies
4 years ago
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Could it be that both analysts and investors might have misjudged Deere & Co.'s
Oh sure, the company missed analysts' expectations by fully $0.33 per share, but that deviation may say as much about our current approach to forecasting as to the new desirability of holding Deere's shares. Until a few years ago, most companies were reluctant to provide forward earnings guidance, leaving analysts to formulate their own models and expectations for quarterly revenues and earnings. The result was a far larger variance among the expectations than exists today, when analysts are able to tuck in comfortably and safely at or near the mid-points of corporate guidance ranges.
A rollercoaster quarter
Unfortunately for Deere, and those who purport to forecast its results, the company's circumstances changed significantly during the quarter, both internally and externally. The result -- with management reluctant to raise its hand and alter guidance repeatedly amid the quarter -- was a set of Wall Street expectations that ultimately became outmoded. Oh, for a return to the prior system, which clearly was a far sterner test of the analysts' individual sagacity.
While the per-share earnings miss was substantial, year-on-year results for the company were actually quite solid. Earnings were $788 million, or $1.98 per share, compared with $712.3 million, or $1.69 per quarter for the comparable quarter in 2011. That bump on the net earnings line represented a 10.6% improvement, and revenue growth of 15% to $9.59 billion. Analysts had expected the per-share number to come in closer to $2.31. That miss resulted in Deere's shares being taken down by 6.3% on Wednesday.
Softening signs from China
We became starkly aware three weeks ago that all was not uniformly rosy for equipment sales across the planet when Caterpillar
Despite its spotty geography, however, the company's worldwide equipment operations increased 16% year on year, with 5% higher price realizations matching an identical unfavorable currency translation. Breaking down the equipment unit further, agriculture and turf sales were 14% higher year on year, while the top line for construction and forestry increased fully 23% for the quarter.
New product challenges
The aforementioned internal effects related to what the company termed "manufacturing execution." As CFO Jim Field noted during the company's post-release call:
The all new North American combine line with significant product innovations and IT-F compliant engines was most challenged and accounts for the bulk of the shortfall. The issue is not quality; in fact we are receiving positive customer views on the machines already in the field. We just had trouble ramping up production to meet the aggressive build schedules in the quarter. As a result, we experienced production delays of up to 14 calendar days.
Looking ahead, management has figuratively pulled in its horns, somewhat, vis-a-vis its sales forecast for the full year. The new target for the October fiscal year is now $3.1 billion, versus an expectation of $3.35 billion, which was rendered in May. For the individual sector, agriculture and turf sales are expected to expand by about 13% for the full year, with the U.S. and Canada anticipated to contribute more than 10% to the growth. The European Union is likely to be flat, the Commonwealth of Independent States is anticipated to be "up strongly," and both South America and Asia will probably continue to slide.
The Foolish bottom line
For my money, then, while Deere's results fell short of those of Caterpillar, its fellow Midwestern equipment manufacturer, they nevertheless topped those of Amsterdam's CNH Global, with which it competes in certain product lines.
Because our global population is not likely to curb our eating habits, Deere's slowdown in China, India, and Argentina is likely to be temporary. I therefore remain a fan of the company for the long term. However, Caterpillar's breadth is unsurpassed in this sector, and its extensive service network and unparalleled brand strength combine to give it solid competitive advantages. For investors interested in Caterpillar's stock, read all about Caterpillar's strengths and weaknesses, plus whether the company is a buy right now in our brand new report. Just click here to access it now.


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A sea of garbage can be an environmental catastrophe for some while just another day's work for others. I guess it only proves that "trash" is subjective.
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Also by Reynaldo Tamayo


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What a weekend! I feel like we were hardly home. Most of Friday was spent driving the older three babies to their father. Sunday was spent driving to get the babies from their father, which involved hanging out at North Bend for an hour while Snoqualmie was closed for avalanche control. I am very glad we did not have to deal with an avalanche like they did on Monday.
We weren't home at all Saturday, either. It was a much more fun day, though. The three of us packed up and left the house by 11am for cousin Madison's birthday party.
Miss Potato was happy to go see her cousins, and other relatives. I made Madison a no sew tutu in yellow and pink. It was huge and froufy! Of course, I forgot to take pictures. Dottie's 10(?) year old daughter sewed a really cute blanket for Madison, and everybody now wants her to make them one.
After pizza, tradition continued with moving on to Tiffany's Skate Inn to continue the party. We brought Potato's tutu with us for her to wear.
It would appear that in the past year Potato has learned the fear of falling and pain, because she did not want to let go of our hands. Last year, I was the one getting plenty of help with helping kids skate. This year, Jeremy and I were able to offer help since we only had Potato with us. Potato totally rocked the tutu and roller skates.
Tomorrow, March 2nd, is Dr. Seuss's birthday.
Check your local library to see if they are doing something special to celebrate. If you would like some ideas on how to celebrate with your kids at home, ObSuessed is a good place to start. If your library is not doing something special, perhaps today you could go check out several Dr. Seuss books to read with your child. I for one will be starting my kids' day off with green eggs and ham. Maybe, after school, we will read some of the books and watch a movie or two. My favorite Dr. Seuss is Horton Hears a Who.


text: I'll take that 10% pay reduction and raise you another 40%. Now, if CEO's take a 50% pay reduction, they will still be making 250 X what they pay their workers. And the workers can all have a raise, free healthcare, and a pension. And the CEO still has enough for several mansions, a nice Yacht, and his membership at the Best Golf Clubs in the country.


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Police arrest arson suspect
WENATCHEE — Wenatchee Police this morning arrested a 20-year-old man suspected of throwing a Molotov cocktail and starting a fire at 504 Methow Street last Saturday.
Robert E. Wheeler, Wenatchee, was arrested on suspicion of first-degree arson and unlawful possession of a firearm and booked into the Chelan County Regional Justice Center.
Wenatchee Police Officer John Matney said authorities believe the arson was gang related. He said Wheeler had been assaulted by someone associated with the residence earlier in the…


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From The American/Spanish War Memorial. Ypsilanti, Mi. Best view in Lightbox!
3 responses
James Wiley gave props (2 Jan 2013):
The light Yaz...Very striking image!
Ma. Dolores Guillén Solís gave props (3 Jan 2013):
Great shot, Yaz!.. The best wishes for the 2013!!!
JamesHarmon McQuilkin gave props (3 Jan 2013):
excellent lighting
Also by Yaz Hawkins


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Andre Birotte Jr. Sworn In As U.S. Attorney For L.A. Metro Area
Former Los Angeles Police Commission inspector general André Birotte Jr. was sworn in Thursday as the U.S. Attorney for the Central District of California, which includes Los Angeles. He was deputized in a private ceremony in L.A.
Birotte wil be in charge of the second-largest U.S. Attorney's office -- only Washington, D.C.'s is bigger -- with jurisdiction over 18 million residents in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties. About 275 attorneys will be under his supervision.
"It is my great pleasure to be leading what is widely considered to be one of the nation's premier public law firms," Birotte stated. "This United States Attorney's Office has a long tradition of handling some of the most significant cases in the nation, and my goal is to further enhance that tradition."
Meanwhile the Police Commission on Thursday chose assistant inspector general Django Sibley to serve as acting inspector general until a permanent replacement for Birotte can be found.
"Mr. Sibley is a very talented professional with excellent judgment and integrity," stated commission president John Mack. "He will serve the City well through this transition period in the office of the inspector general."
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Home » Breaking News!, News » The Amazing Race 18 March 6, 2011
The Amazing Race 18 March 6, 2011
The Amazing Race 18 recap; March 6, 2011.
As the new episode of The Amazing Race 18 began all the teams were on an overnight train ride back to Sydney, Australia where they grabbed flights to Tokyo, Japan. There were two flights to choose from. A non-stop flight was the safe bet, but a second flight that had a short layover landed 15 minutes before the non-stop. If the gamble paid off it could mean a 15 minute lead. Five teams took the gamble and it didn't work out. The connecting flight was delayed by an hour so they landed 45 minutes behind instead of 15 minutes ahead.
The teams get their rental cars (they are very small compact cars that the Globetrotters barely fit into) and head to the first clue. The first challenge has one member from a team put on a samurai warrior's outfit then doing a series of ritual poses before having to get on a fake horse and shot a bow and arrow at a target. Ron and Christina arrive first. Ron takes The Amazing Race 18 challenge and can't pull it together. He sees teams pass him as he struggles to do the challenge. He finally does it, but they are now somewhere in the middle of the pack.
From there the teams make their way across crowded Tokyo (the driving conditions are insane and they are all having trouble with directions) to the location of the road block. They must choose between the Prayer of Purity or the Frog of Life challenges. The prayer would have them participate in a Shinto cleansing ritual by learning a prayer then standing under a waterfall for one minute. The frog challenge has them strip down to something that looks like a diaper sumo wrestlers wear and hunt for a frog figurine in giant mud pit while other people throw mud at them.
Zev and Justin who are now in first place choose the frog. The diapers are funny looking, it is about 40 degrees outside and the mud is wet, nasty and looks very cold. Zev finds the frog, they hose off, and get out of there while still in their diapers. The clue sends them to The Amazing Race 18 pit stop and they dress as they drive. The Globetrotters and Ron and Christine try the prayer. The Globetrotters get their first and complete the task first which looks very cold as you stand under a punishing waterfall. As they leave they grab their bags and head down the mountain to the changing room. Once there, they realize that they had accidently grabbed Christina's fanny pack that had all her and her dad's documents and money in it. They end up just leaving it there. As Ron and Christine finish one step of the challenge they realize the pack is gone. Ron runs down the hill and finds it and they are very angry that the Globetrotters didn't bring it back to them once they realized what had happened.
Meanwhile,all of the other teams have opted for the frog challenge. Jet and Cord fly through it; the goths actually do well at it while Margie and Luke struggle. Gary and Mallory have no problem finding the frog. As they leave Mallory tells the guys that are throwing the mud that two redheaded cheerleaders will be coming soon and they are going to look great in the diapers. The guys cheer. The cheerleaders hit some bad luck…literally. While driving to the road block they clipped another car and damaged the mirror on that car. The car's owner insisted on calling the police. It was all cleared up, but cost them a lot of valuable time.
Back at the Amazing Race 18 mud pit it occurs to me that Luke is prone to tantrums. When things don't go his way quickly he gets angry and throws fits. His mom Margie is the one that carries that team. Here is no different. He gets angry as they look for the frog and basically gives up, but she finds it.
Team after team finds the frog, but Mel and Mike just can't do it. They are both covered in mud and freezing. Mike tries to convince his dad Mel to stop before he hurts himself, but he won't give in. Mel even tells him he would rather die here with him than home in bed. It is melodramatic, but clearly Mel wants to win. But it wasn't meant to be. They just can't find that frog. Meanwhile, the cheerleaders arrive after their accident and immediately find the frog. Once they leave Mel and Mike know the gig is up and they call it a night.
At the Amazing Race 18 pit stop the Globetrotters finish third with Ron and Christina fourth. When they tell Phil about the fanny pack issue, he assesses the Globetrotters a 30 minute penalty which puts Ron & Christina third and eventually knocks the Globetrotters back to fifth.
Zev & Justin hold their lead and come in first followed by Gary & Mallory second. Ron& Christina are third, Kisha& Jen are fourth followed by the Globetrotters in fifth. Jet & Cord grab sixth with Kent &Vyxsin in seventh. Margie & Luke finish in eight followed by the cheerleaders Jamie & Cara in ninth (they are actually shocked that they aren't last. Mel and Mike had gone to their car to warm up when the cheerleaders arrived so they never saw them and assumed they were last). Mel and Mike didn't finish the road block and finish last. They are eliminated.
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