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Web Stories
Foreign policy expert to assess U.S. strategies, Feb. 15
Posted February 12, 2006; 01:05 p.m.
Michael Ledeen, an expert on U.S. foreign policy, will give a
critical assessment of U.S. strategies in the war on terror at 7:30
p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 15, in McCosh 28.
A Freedom Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, D.C., Ledeen will focus primarily on Iran in his address. His research areas include the Middle East, state sponsors of terrorism, and leadership and the use of power.
Ledeen is the author of several publications and books, most recently of "The War Against the Terror Masters: Why It Happened, Where We Are Now, How We'll Win." He served as a national security adviser to President Reagan and as a consultant to the U.S. State and Defense Departments from 1982 to 1986.
The event is sponsored by the Princeton Israel Public Affairs Committee, the Princeton Committee Against Terrorism, the American Whig-Cliosophic Society, the International Relations Council, the Global Issues Forum and the College Republicans.


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Sakar Noise Isolation Isolating Reduction Canceling/Cancelling Sealing 3.5mm Plug Stereo Earbuds/Earphones/Headphone for iPod/MP3
Once you switch to noise-isolating ear-bud comfort headphones, you'll never switch back! Theres nothing like standing in a noisy crowded subway, oblivious to the amateur trumpet player 10 feet away, because youre listening to your own personal musical symphony in a soundproof block of space. The silicone sleeves provide a huge upgrade in comfort over traditional in-ear headphones, while...

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Musical Fidelity EB-50
"Hi, I've recently got my EB-50, and straight out of the box, I had to adjust my ears to the flat sound signature. the sound is clinical and dry but very true. Coming from the luscious RE-262 (difficult to drive, mid-centric but with extremely great soundstage), the EB-50 were extremely fast and I loved the soundstage that as a out-of-the-head feeling that almost seems not coming from the..." --Kressel
M-Audio IE30
M-Audio IE-30 Features Stage-proven Ultimate Ears technology Dual-armature driver design for separate high and low frequency reproduction Dual-driver crossover Audio wave shaping 26dB isolation from outside noise Patented dual-bore design delivers highs and lows via separate canals for maximum sound field Pro-style ear loops for a secure fit Universal fit kit with silicone and foam tips for...
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Developed specifically for musicians, M-Audio IE-10 professional reference earphones incorporate stage-proven Ultimate Ears technology to deliver studio-quality sound anywhere you need it. Featuring precision-balanced armature technology and 26dB of isolation, the IE-10 is great for live and mobile monitoring—with the added benefit of being a serious upgrade to the earbuds that came with...
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text: Its obvious isn't it..... ! Through Buckscoop Australian consumers can freely share deals, vouchers or promo codes, bargains and freebies they think are worth mentioning. At Buckscoop you're participating in helping others to share in the good deals that you find and of course the share in those others find as well.


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8.3: Metallic Bonds
Lesson Objectives
- Describe the electron-sea model of metallic bonding.
- Explain how metallic bonding is responsible for the conductivity and luster of metals.
- Explain why metals are malleable and ductile, while crystalline ionic compounds are not.
- Describe how metal atoms are arranged, including the three most common packing systems.
- Identify some common alloys and explain their importance.
Lesson Vocabulary
- alloy
- closest packing
- metallic bond
Check Your Understanding
Recalling Prior Knowledge
- How are the cations and anions in an ionic crystal arranged?
- What happens to an ionic crystal when it is put under a large stress?
The bonding that occurs in a metal is responsible for its distinctive properties, including luster, malleability, ductility, and excellent conductivity.
The Metallic Bond
Pure metals are crystalline solids, but unlike ionic compounds, every point in the crystal lattice is occupied by an identical atom. The electrons in the outer energy levels of a metal are mobile and capable of drifting from one metal atom to another. This means that the metal is more properly viewed as an array of positive ions surrounded by a "sea of mobile valence electrons." Electrons which are capable of moving freely throughout the empty orbitals of the metallic crystal are called delocalized electrons (Figure below). A metallic bond is the attraction of the stationary metal cations to the surrounding mobile electrons.
In a metal, the stationary metal cations are surrounded by a sea of mobile valence electrons that are not associated with any one cation.
Properties of Metals
The metallic bonding model explains the physical properties of metals. Metals conduct electricity and heat very well because of their free-flowing electrons. As electrons enter one end of a piece of metal, an equal number of electrons flow outward from the other end. When light is shone onto the surface of a metal, its electrons absorb small amounts of energy and become excited into one of its many empty orbitals. The electrons immediately fall back down to lower energy levels and emit light. This process is responsible for the high luster of metals (Figure below).
The American Platinum Eagle is the official platinum bullion coin of the United States and was first minted in 1997. The luster of a metal is due to its metallic bonds.
Recall that ionic compounds are very brittle. Application of a force results in like-charged ions in the crystal coming too close to one another, causing the crystal to shatter. When a force is applied to a metal, the free-flowing electrons can slip in between the stationary cations and prevent them from coming in contact. Imagine ball bearings that have been coated with oil sliding past one another. As a result, metals are very malleable and ductile. They can be hammered into shapes, rolled into thin sheets, or pulled into thin wires.
Watch a demonstration of metallic bonds in pewter balls when dipped in liquid nitrogen at http://education.jlab.org/frost/pewter_bells.html.
Crystal Structures of Metals
If you wanted to make a stack of identical spheres, you might come up with an arrangement like the one shown in Figure below.
When identical spheres are stacked, each successive layer fits into the small spaces where different spheres come together. Closest packing minimizes the amount of empty space and is how metal atoms are arranged in a crystal.
This orderly and regular arrangement of the metal balls minimizes the empty space between them. Closest packing is the most efficient way to pack spherical objects. The atoms in a metal crystal are arranged in similar patterns, called close-packed structures. Pure metals adopt one of several related close-packed structures, as shown in Figure below.
Most pure metals naturally adopt one of these three closest packing arrangements.
On the far left is the body-centered cubic (bcc) structure. In that crystal, metal atoms occupy the eight corners of a cube along with one atom in the very center. The coordination number of each atom in the body-centered cubic structure is 8. In the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure, there are eight atoms at each corner of the cube and six atoms in the center of each face. The coordination number of each atom in the face-centered cubic structure is 12. The atoms in a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure also have a coordination number of 12, but crystals of this type are hexagonally shaped rather than cubic.
An alloy is a mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. You are probably familiar with some alloys such as brass and bronze (Figure below). Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Alloys are commonly used in manufactured items because the properties of these metal mixtures are different, and sometimes more useful, than those of a pure metal. For example, bronze is harder than copper and more easily cast. Brass is very malleable, and its acoustic properties make it useful for musical instruments.
Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, has been in use since ancient times. The Bronze Age saw the increased use of metals rather than stone for weapons, tools, and decorative objects. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is widely used in musical instruments like the trumpet and trombone.
Steels are a very important class of alloys. The many types of steels are primarily composed of iron, with various amounts of the elements carbon, chromium, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, and boron. Steels are widely used in building construction because of their strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion. Most large modern structures like skyscrapers and stadiums are supported by a steel skeleton (Figure below).
The Willis Tower (formerly called the Sears Tower) in Chicago was once the tallest building in the world and is still the tallest in the Western Hemisphere. The use of steel columns makes it possible to build taller, stronger, and lighter buildings.
Alloys can be one of two general types. In one type, called a substitutional alloy, the various atoms simply replace each other in the crystal structure. In another type, called an interstitial alloy, smaller atoms such as carbon fit in between the larger atoms in the crystal packing arrangement.
Lesson Summary
- A metallic bond involves the attraction of stationary metal cations to a surrounding sea of mobile valence electrons. Metallic bonding directly contributes to properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, and luster.
- Metal atoms are arranged in regular, orderly patterns that often correspond to various closest packing arrangements for spheres.
- Alloys are mixtures of metals. Many alloys are widely used because their properties are often more useful for certain applications than those of pure metals.
Lesson Review Questions
Reviewing Concepts
- Which of the following elements displays metallic bonding?
- Se
- Ti
- Ru
- Te
- Explain the behavior of electrons in a metal.
- How does a metallic bond contribute to the electrical conductivity of metals?
- Name the three common closest packing arrangements of metal atoms in a crystal. Give an example of a metallic element that crystallizes in each form.
- Why are ionic crystals brittle, while most metals are malleable?
- What are some advantages of using steel rather than iron?
- Sodium has one valence electron per atom, while magnesium has two. Predict whether sodium or magnesium has stronger metallic bonds. How do you think that you could test your hypothesis?
- What are the coordination numbers of a metal atom in a body-centered cubic structure and in a face-centered cubic structure? In which type are the atoms more closely packed? Iridium is one of the densest known elements at 22.6 g/cm3. In which crystal structure do you think iridium is more likely to crystallize?
Further Reading / Supplemental Links
- Metallic Bonding (http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/metallic.html)
- V.K. Grigorovich, The Metallic Bond and the Structure of Metals. Nova Science Pub. Inc. (1989).
Points to Consider
Molecular compounds are a class of substances that take the form of individual molecules.
- Which types of elements make up molecular compounds?
- How is the chemical bonding within a molecular compound different from the bonding that occurs in ionic compounds or metals?
- How are the physical properties of molecular compounds different from those of ionic compounds or metals?
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FEC to Host March 20 Seminar/Webinar for Campaigns and Party Committees
The Commission will hold a seminar for campaigns and party committees at its Washington, DC, headquarters on Wednesday, March 20, 2013. The seminar will also be offered as a webinar for those who cannot attend in person. Commissioners and staff will conduct a variety of technical workshops on the federal campaign finance laws affecting House and Senate campaigns and political party committees. Workshops are designed for those seeking an introduction to the basic provisions of the law as well as for those more experienced in campaign finance law. To view the agenda or to register for the seminar, please visit the seminar website at http://www.fec.gov/info/conferences/2013/campaignpartyseminar.shtml.
Webinar Information. Seminar workshops will be simulcast for online attendees, who will see workshop slides, hear the presentations and be able to ask questions via live chat. Additional instructions and technical information will be provided to those who register for the webinar.
In-Person Attendees. The seminar will be held at the FEC's headquarters at 999 E Street, NW, Washington, DC. The building is within walking distance of several subway stations. Attendees are responsible for making their own arrangements for accommodations. The FEC recommends that individuals planning to travel to attend the seminar wait to finalize travel arrangements until their conference registration has been confirmed by Sylvester Management Corporation.
Workshop Materials. Webinar participants will receive electronic copies of workshop materials in advance, and those attending in-person may choose that option when they register. Alternatively, seminar attendees may elect to receive a binder with printed materials the morning of the event.
Registration Information. The registration fee is $100 to attend in-person or $75 to participate online. Registration fees include a $25 nonrefundable transaction fee. A full refund (minus the transaction fee) will be made for all cancellations received before 5 p.m. EDT on Friday, March 15; no refund will be made for cancellations received after that time. Complete registration information is available online at http://www.fec.gov/info/conferences/2013/campaignpartyseminar.shtml.
Registration Questions
(Posted 1/25/13; By Molly Niewenhous)
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Kolpin Full-Tilting Windshield, Teryx 2010
Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store and online.
Full-tilting, shatter-resistant design
Three-position tilt mechanism
1/4" thick Lexan construction
Durable injection molded clamps
Stainless steel construction
This full-tilting, shatter-resistant windshield fits on just about any ATV, shielding you from the elements and flying debris and making your next ride even more enjoyable. Versatile three-position tilt mechanism: full, half-extension, and full-extension. Windshield is made from 1/4" abrasion-resistant GE Lexan MR10. Extremely durable injection molded clamps. Full stainless steel construction with black coated finish.


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read reviews [4]
Serves 6 to 8 as a main course or 12 to 14 as a side dish
Yields 50 to 60 pierogi
The filling for these pierogi—a mixture of mashed potato, onion, and farmer cheese (a mild, white, dry-curd cottage cheese found in many supermarkets)—comes from eastern Poland, near the former United Soviet Socialist Republic. They're delicious garnished with some of the fried onion held back from the filling, as well as a drizzle of melted butter or a dollop of sour cream. Eat them as a side dish or serve with a green salad to make them a meal.
Put the potatoes in a 4-quart saucepan with enough cold salted water to cover; bring to a boil over high heat. Lower the heat to maintain a steady simmer and cook until the potatoes are tender when pierced with a fork, about 15 minutes.
Drain, return the potatoes to the pan, and dry them over medium heat, stirring, until they look floury and leave a light film on the bottom of the pan, about 3 minutes. Mash with a potato masher until smooth. Transfer to a large bowl and set aside.
Heat the butter in a 12-inch skillet over medium heat. Add the onions and cook, stirring occasionally, until deep golden-brown and soft, 15 to 20 minutes. Reserve half of the onions for garnish and add the other half to the potatoes. Add the cheese, 1 tsp. salt, and 1/2 tsp. pepper and mix until well combined. Let cool to room temperature before using.
Put the flour in a large bowl. Add the butter and, using your fingers, work it into the flour until the mixture has the texture of coarse meal. Add 1-3/4 cups of the warm water and stir with your fingers until the mixture begins to come together. If the mixture is dry, you can add up to 1/4 cup more warm water, 1 Tbs. at a time, until it forms a shaggy yet cohesive yet mass.
Turn the dough out onto a well-floured work surface and gently knead it just until soft and elastic; the dough will not be completely smooth, but it should be easy to shape, with a Play-Doh-like consistency. Avoid overkneading, or the dough will become tough. (At this point you can proceed with the recipe, or let the dough rest on a floured surface, covered with a clean dishtowel, for up to 1 hour.)
Line a large baking sheet with parchment and dust with flour. Divide the dough into 6 orange-size balls (about 8 oz. each). Working with 1 piece of dough at a time on a floured work surface, and keeping the others covered so they don't dry out, roll the dough into a 1/8-inch-thick, 10- to 11-inch-wide circle.
Using a floured 3-inch round cookie cutter or inverted glass, cut out circles of dough. Transfer the circles to the baking sheet, dust with a little flour, and top with a sheet of parchment so they don't dry out. Repeat with the remaining dough, stacking the circles between sheets of floured parchment and rerolling the scraps until all of the dough is used.
Working with 1 dough circle at a time, brush off any excess flour and hold the circle in your palm. Spoon a scant 1 Tbs. of the filling into the center of the circle and fold it in half. Using your fingers, tightly pinch the edges together to seal and create a 1/2-inch border. Arrange the filled pierogi on a lightly floured surface or large rimmed baking sheet and dust very lightly with flour; loosely cover with plastic wrap or a clean dishtowel. Repeat with the remaining dough circles and filling.
Position a rack in the center of the oven and heat the oven to 175°F. Bring a 6- to 8-quart pot of salted water to a boil over high heat. Working in batches of 10 to 12, drop the pierogi into the boiling water and give them a gentle stir so they don't stick together or to the sides of the pot. When they float to the top 5 (after 1 to 2 minutes for room temperature pierogi, 3 to 4 minutes for refrigerated, and 7 to 10 minutes for frozen), use a slotted spoon to transfer them to a platter and keep warm in the oven while cooking the remaining batches.
You can serve the pierogi either boiled or fried.
For boiled pierogi, melt the butter in a 1- to 2-quart saucepan. Sprinkle the pierogi with the reserved onion and drizzle with melted butter. Serve hot with the sour cream on the side.
For fried pierogi, melt 4 Tbs. of the butter in a 12-inch heavy-duty skillet over medium-high heat. Working in batches of 10 to 12, cook the boiled pierogi, flipping once, until goldenbrown and crusty on both sides 6 , 4 to 5 minutes per batch. Transfer to a platter and keep warm in the oven. Repeat, adding more butter to the skillet as needed. Sprinkle the fried pierogi with the reserved onion, if you like, and serve with the sour cream on the side.
The filling can be made up to 1 day ahead; cover and refrigerate. Filled pierogi can be covered and refrigerated for up to 2 hours before cooking, or frozen for up to 6 months; freeze in a single layer on a parchment-lined tray, then transfer to freezer bags.
nutrition information (per serving):
3 Potato-Cheese Pierogi. Note: frying the pierogi adds an additional 90 calories, 10 g fat, and 25 mg cholesterol, Calories
490, Fat
21, Fat Calories
190, Saturated Fat
11, Protein
12, Monounsaturated Fat
7, Carbohydrates
62, Polyunsaturated Fat
1.5, Sodium
320, Cholesterol
50, Fiber
Photo: Scott Phillips
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Namik Riza
MADISON-Namik Riza, age 57, of Madison, passed away on Monday, Feb. 25, 2013, at UW Hospital in Madison. He was born on Sept. 16, 1955, in Kosova, the son of Zenel and Magbule (Zherka) Riza. He married Ajsel Safciu on June 18, 1989, in Kosova. Namik loved music, singing, history and the sciences.
He is survived by his wife, Ajsel; children, Fjolla and Haris; brother Petrit Riza; sister, Bisere; nieces and nephews; other relatives; many friends; and the Albanian community of Madison.
Funeral services will be held at GUNDERSON EAST FUNERAL HOME, 5203 Monona Drive, Madison, at 2 p.m. on Wednesday, Feb. 27, 2013. Burial will be at Highland Memory Gardens. Visitation will be held at the funeral home from 5 p.m. until 8 p.m. on Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2013.


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Right on Nevsk' Hostel
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
- Page:1/1
- " I never write bitter reviews but this time I really have to. It's about cleanliness: this is the dirtiest hostel ever. Every time I entered the kitchen, the toilet or the showers I almost threw up. The floor in the kitchen was covered with a sticky, stinky mass and the garbage can was constantly crammed. One morning I woke up to find a plastic bag full of something in the toilet. One night there was a loud party in the kitchen in addition to noise from the street. To cut short, avoid this place. "
- 01 Aug 2015 Anonymous


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Downtown Brooklyn
138 Willoughby St. at Flatbush Ave. (Ft. Greene/Downtown Brooklyn)
B, Q, R to Dekalb Ave
|Doors Open
|Live Music by Future Shuttle
|Film Begins
Future Shuttle
Official Link: http://futureshuttle.bandcamp.com
"Close your eyes and get ready for some interstellar vibes coming to you from a galaxy named Brooklyn, splendidly meandering, NASA approved spaced-out jams that instantly take you to places far far away from home. Future Shuttle is the joint endeavor of Jessa Farkas and Camilla Padgitt-Coles, and their synth-driven experimentalism is all colors of the universe condensed into sounds that spontaneously and randomly spread over canvas, apparently without any deeper concept yet still eventually adding up to breathtaking abstract art.
Though both Birth Of Europa and Fields Of Dreams have already been floating around in the world of fiber optic cables for a while, Future Shuttle have just now finally finished their debut EP Water's Edge on which both tunes will appear, only in slightly more professionally recorded versions. Produced by Sam Haar of the mighty Brooklynites Blondes, the record will contain six tracks that won't have ended before the minute hand has finished its course, which might be considered a little excessive for a piece designated as EP, but after all, what is one hour considering the age of the universe?" No Fear of Pop


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Here's a place to share your favorite gems from Seinfeld. Here's one of many great quotes from my favorite episode (and the source of my current signature):
"Hey, George, the ocean just called. They're running out of shrimp!"
"Oh yeah? Well the jerk store just called. They're running out of you!"
"Well, I don't see that it would matter. You're their all-time biggest seller!"
"Uh, uh, well, I slept with your wife!"
"George, his wife's in a coma."


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US Federal Agencies
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an independent civilian agency that provides national security intelligence. It is tasked with collecting, analyzing, evaluating, and disseminating foreign intelligence to assist the government and senior US policymakers in decision making around national security. The CIA was created by the National Security Act of 1947, signed by President Harry Truman.
Criminal Division
The Criminal Division of the Department of Justice is tasked with developing, enforcing, and supervising the application of all federal criminal laws except those specifically assigned to other divisions. It also works on sensitive areas of law enforcement such as electronic surveillance.
Customs and Border Protection
Formed as part of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is tasked with regulating international trade and enforcing U.S. regulations on trade, customs, and immigration. In addition to employing nearly 60,000 workers, CBP is the federal agency that employs the largest number of working dogs, assigned to ports and border patrol stations, as well as operating a fleet of MQ-9 Reaper surveillance drones.
Department of Commerce
First created in 1903, the Department of Commerce (previously the Department of Commerce and Labor) promotes progressive business policies and global trade that is favorable to the United States. Among a range of other duties, it issues patents and trademarks (through its sub agency the United States Patent and Trademark Office), sets industrial standards and gathers economic data to inform policymakers.
Department of Defense
The Department of Defense, also known as the Pentagon after the building in which it is headquartered, is the federal agency responsible for national security and the United States armed forces. It is the largest employer in the world, claiming more than 3 million workers; the Pentagon, in turn, is the largest office building in the world. The Department of Defense is also the federal agency with the most budgetary resources, and regularly accounts for more than half of the United States federal discretionary budget. In 2007, EFF sued the Department of Defense for information about its use of national security letters to gather intelligence within the U.S.
Department of Energy
Formed in 1977, the Department of Energy is a Cabinet-level department concerned with U.S. policy on energy and the handling of nuclear materials. Technically, all nuclear weapons deployed by the Department of Defense are on loan from the Department of Energy, which is responsible for the design, testing and production of nuclear weapons.
Department of Homeland Security
Created in response to the September 11 attacks, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a broad federal agency encompassing 22 separate agencies in a single organization. The Department of Homeland Security is a civilian and domestic counterpart to the Department of Defense and is responsible for preparing for and preventing domestic emergencies, including terrorism. With more than 200,000 employees, DHS is the third-largest Cabinet department. EFF has engaged in many FOIA requests and lawsuits against the Department of Homeland Security and its various child agencies, which include the Transportation Security Administration, Customs and Border Patrol, Immigration Customs Enforcement, and others.
Department of Justice
The Department of Justice (DOJ) is the federal executive department charged with law enforcement and the administration of justice. Since its creation in 1870, the Justice Department has been led by the Attorney General, an appointee of the President. The Department of Justice oversees many offices and agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Agency. The EFF has engaged in numerous lawsuits involving the Department of Justice, ranging from Bernstein v. Department of Justice, which addressed export restrictions on encryption programs, to a FOIA lawsuit demanding more information on the government's unconstitutional warrantless spying program.
Department of the Treasury
The Department of the Treasury was established in 1789, and prints all United States currency as well as collecting federal taxes through the IRS. It is administered by the Secretary of the Treasury, who is a member of the Cabinet. In 2003, as many federal agencies were reorganized in response to the September 11 attacks,, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, as well as the Secret Service and other departments were transferred out of the Treasury Department.
Department of Transportation
The Department of Transportation is a federal cabinet department governed by the Secretary of Transportation and dedicated to transportation issues. It previously oversaw the Transportation Security Administration and the Coast Guard, but those two agencies were both transferred to the Department of Homeland Security in 2003. The Federal Aviation Administration was folded into the Department of Transportation when it was founded in 1967. EFF has targeted the FAA with FOIA requests and lawsuits pertaining to its granting of drone authorization certificates.
Drug Enforcement Administration
Since it was established through an Executive Order in 1973 as part of the "global war on the drug menace," the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has been tasked with enforcing controlled substance laws and regulations in the United States. It also works with U.S. and international bodies to combat illicit growing, manufacture, and distribution of controlled substances. It also recommends and supports non-enforcement programs designed to reduce the availability of illicit controlled substances on domestic and international markets.
Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is tasked with protecting human health and the environment. They work to reduce environmental risks based on scientific information, and they work to ensure federal laws regarding human health and the environment are enforced fairly and effectively. Created in 1910, the EPA consolidated in one agency a variety of federal research, monitoring, standard-setting, and enforcement activities dealing with environmental protection.
Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is charged with regulating aerospace transportation in the United States, including issuing pilot certificates and operating air traffic control systems. The FAA was folded into the Department of Transportation when it was founded in 1967. EFF has targeted the FAA with FOIA requests and lawsuits pertaining to its granting of drone authorization certificates.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a division of the Department of Justice formed in 1908. The FBI investigates federal crimes and crimes on Indian reservations and is also a domestic intelligence agency. Its tasks include combatting and investigating crimes in the United States such as terrorist attacks, espionage, and a range of high tech and white-collar crimes. In 2011, the annual budget for the FBI was $7.9 billion.
Federal Communications Commission
Established in 1934, The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the second largest federal criminal investigations agency, only exceeded by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The agency was formed, along with US Citizenship and Immigration Services, when the federal Immigration and Naturalization Service was dismantled in 2003. ICE is tasked with civil and criminal enforcement of immigration laws and with investigating the movement of people, drugs, weapons and goods across US borders. Additionally, it has been involved in intellectual property enforcement, including the controversial "Operation In Our Sites" domain name seizures.
National Security Agency
The National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS or NSA) was founded in 1954 and is headquartered in Fort Meade, Maryland. It is responsible for collecting, processing, and disseminating intelligence information from foreign electronic signals for national foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes and to support military operations. NSA/CSS is also tasked with preventing foreign adversaries from gaining access to classified national security information. News reports in December 2005 first revealed that the NSA has been intercepting Americans' phone calls and Internet communications. In addition, EFF obtained whistleblower evidence from a former AT&T technician showing that AT&T is cooperating with the illegal surveillance. The undisputed documents show that AT&T installed a fiberoptic splitter at its facility at 611 Folsom Street in San Francisco that makes copies of all emails web browsing and other Internet traffic to and from AT&T customers and provides those copies to the NSA. This copying likely includes both domestic and international Internet activities of AT&T customers. In response, EFF launched two lawsuits - one against the government for illegal spying, which is still active, and another against the AT&T for assisting in that spying, which was dismissed after Congress gave retroactive immunity to the telecom providers. In 2013, after leaked government documents published in the Guardian and Washington Post, EFF filed a third suit, Unitarian Church v. NSA, which challenges the constitutionality of the NSA's mass domestic phone records collection program.
National Security Division
The National Security Division (NSD) was created in March 2006 by the USA PATRIOT Reauthorization and Improvement Act. Part of the Department of Justice, this agency is tasked with combatting terrorism and other threats to national security. It is designed to consolidate the Justice Department's primary national security operations.
Office of Intelligence and Analysis
A part of the Department of Homeland Security, the Office of Intelligence and Analysis (DHS I&A) provides intelligence gathering and analysis services for the Department of Homeland Security. It also coordinates sharing information and intelligence with state, local, tribal and territorial governments and the private sector.
Office of Legal Counsel
The Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) was established in 1934 and is a division of the Department of Justice. The OLC assists the Attorney General in providing legal advice to the President and the rest of the executive branch agencies. All of the President's executive orders and proclamations are reviewed by the OLC. It reviews the constitutionality of all pending legislation.
Office of the Attorney General
Created in 1789, the Office of the Attorney General (OAG) heads the Department of Justice and serves as chief law enforcement officer of the Federal Government. The Attorney General is nominated by the President and is confirmed by the Senate. The AG represents the United States in legal matters and advises the President and the heads of the executive departments.
Office of the Director of National Intelligence
Since its establishment in 2004, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) has assisted the President's appointed Director of National Intelligence. EFF filed a lawsuit against the Department of Justice and the ODNI for information about the lobbying efforts of telecommunication carriers and the Executive branch's support for the passage of the 2008 FISA Amendments Act, which granted retroactive immunity to the telecommunication companies that assisted the government in the NSA's warrantless wiretapping program.
Office of the United States Trade Representative
The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is a federal agency established in 1962 to advise the President on U.S. trade policy and to negotiate foreign trade agreements. Since 1989, the USTR has produced an annual "Special 301 Report" that indicates countries without "adequate and effective" intellectual property laws, which USTR therefore considers to be barriers to trade. The USTR is also responsible for the secret negotiations behind agreements such as ACTA and the TPP. EFF has FOIA requests to pursue more information about those agreements during the negotiations.
Science and Technology Directorate
The Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T) manages science and technology research for the Department of Homeland Security and first responders. It has six different primary divisions: the Explosives Division; the Chemical and Biological Division; the Command, Control, and Interoperability Division (whose responsibilities include securing critical infrastructure and coordinating efforts to improve existing cyber infrastructure); the Human Factors Division (focused on using behavioral sciences for detecting, analyzing and understanding homeland security threats); and the Infrastructure and Geophysical Division.
State Department
The United States Department of State was founded in 1789, making it the first executive department established. It is led by the Secretary of State, who is nominated by the President as a member of the Cabinet. Because of its responsibility for managing international relations, the State Department (and the bureaus of which it is comprised) are important sources of information on U.S. foreign policy.
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) was established in 2003 to take on the administrative functions of the former Immigration and Naturalization Service after that agency was dismantled. It performs administrative functions specific to immigration, naturalization, and asylum such as processing citizenship, work visa, and benefit applications. USCIS also administers the e-Verify program that was set up to allow employers to verify the citizenship status of job applicants. This program has been controversial because its giant database has been plagued with inaccuracies.
United States Marshal Service
The nation's oldest law enforcement agency, the U.S. Marshal Service (USMS) serves as the enforcement arm of the federal courts and is responsible for protecting the federal judicial process. The agency provides security for judicial proceedings, federal judges, U.S. attorneys, assistant U.S. attorneys, personnel, jurors, the visiting public and prisoners. It is also the federal government's primary agency for fugitive investigations. This agency was created by Judiciary Act of 1789 and is part of the Department of Justice.


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I had a bit of an incident last night and now my dog trailer is considered a total loss. That being said I did not have any dogs on the trailer- Thank the Lord!
I picked up a bunch of fence at the airport near Appleton, WI and put it on the atv pad on the front, and I put two rolls on the back rack to even the weight out on the trailer. I strapped it all down very secure and went on my way the trailer seemed to be doing fine and handled nicely going down the road. when I got near Omro, WI I noticed sparks flying up behind me I thought 0-crap so I started to slow down and pull off the road and then it happend the tounge of the trailer snapped.
The trailer was fully insured and so was the truck I had approximately 450 ft 11gauge 8ft chainlink fencing on it which at about 3.5 lbs a foot equals close to 1600 lbs the trailer has a 2500 lb axle on it and the trailer is light since I put two big roles on the back then only about 4-600 lbs up in front on the tounge weight, so I dont think I overloaded the trailer tounge. All last summer I hauled my work 4 wheeler on it which is a polaris 500 - I think that is heavier than the fencing especially when I didnt have anything countering the weight on the back.
1) is the insurance company going to try to get out of it if they think I overloaded the trailer?
2) How would they determine the value of the trailer - so I can replace it, mine was home made by some guy in MT but it was 14 ft long steel frame with rhino lining, and 4 aluminum dog holes 28" by 30" by 24" tall 6" deep storage on top of boxes on both sides on front was a 52" by 72" atv pad and on the back was an 18" by 72" rack.
Thanks for any replies.


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text:
If my dns has problem why hostname is resolving to ip address by dns?
How can I solve it?
you can ping the FQDN OK but nslookup does not resolve
After you enter, "nslookup", it will display the default server).
When I use nslookup in my client, this is the result:
Unknown hostname.
ip 220.127.116.11
nslookup linuxserver
Server : Unknown
Address : 192.168.1.2


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Family: Istiophoridae, Billfishes view all from this family
Description Sailfish' are two species of fish in the genus Istiophorus, living in warmer sections of all the oceans of the world. They are predominately blue to gray in color and have a characteristic erectile dorsal fin known as a sail, which often stretches the entire length of the back. Another notable characteristic is the elongated bill, resembling that of the swordfish and other marlins. They are therefore described as billfish in sport fishing circles.
Both species of sailfish grow quickly, reaching 1.2–1.5 metres (3 ft 10 in–4 ft 10 in) in length in a single year, and feed on the surface or at mid-depths on smaller pelagic forage fish and squid. Individuals have been clocked at speeds of up to 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph), which is the highest speed reliably reported in a fish. Generally, sailfish do not grow to more than 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length and rarely weigh over 90 kilograms (200 lb).
The sail is normally kept folded down and to the side when swimming, but it may be raised when the sailfish feels threatened or excited, making the fish appear much larger than it actually is. This tactic has also been observed during feeding, when a group of sailfish use their sails to "herd" a school of fish or squid.
Sailfish are highly prized game fish and are known for their incredible jumps. They can appear in a startling array of colors, from subdued browns and grays to vibrant purples and even silver. Their body colors are often highlighted by stripes of iridescent blue and silver dots. Sailfish can change their colors almost instantly; a change controlled by their nervous system. The sailfish can rapidly turn its body light blue with yellowish stripes when excited, confusing its prey and making capture easier, while signalling its intentions to fellow sailfish.
Dimensions Up to 10'9" (3.3 m); 182 lbs (82.6 kg).
Habitat Open ocean.
Range New England, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Florida, Texas, California.


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The Top Ten Things Environmentalists Need to LearnJanuary 29th, 2008
This came out a lot longer than I expected. However, this is also what is becoming an increasingly large portion of this website. Maintaining the environment is a critical issue especially as evidence of accelerated global warming mounts and as energy becomes more of an issue than it has in recent past. Unfortunately, many of those who claim to be working for enviornmental improvements lack an understanding of a few basic concepts which are absolutely critical to accomplishing anything.
I often find myself in arguments over economics versus environmentalism. This becomes a very difficult situation because the immediate accusation is that I care only about money and need to realize that sacrifices must be made for the good of the planet. I am also told that wind or solar is the answer and the costs and reduction of energy output is acceptable. These ideas that it is okay or honorable to make such sacrifices are overly simplistic and lack a true understanding of the forces at work. To use a phrase I have come to like, they are "Not even wrong."
Thus, the top ten list…
10. Go after pollution sources with the highest benefit/cost ratio, not those which are most noticeable – If you are attempting to make a difference in the world, you should start with the largest problems with the simplest solutions and the least cost in remedying.
For example, underground coal fires produce as much CO2 as all the light cars and trucks in North America and most of those in
Similarly, aviation accounts only a small portion of CO2 emissions and there are no apparent alternatives to hydrocarbon fuels for aircraft which do not result in huge tradeoffs. The funds spent on attempting to develop and deploy hydrogen fueled aircraft or some other alternative are very high and there would be tradeoffs in the capabilities and economics of operation. Therefore, it is not wise to invest much effort or funds in such a pursuit.
9. It is always best and often vital to utilize existing infrastructure and capabilities when implementing new methods or technologies. – Any concept for producing more environmentally friendly systems must deal with the realities of the currently deployed infrastructure and the existing manufacturing and maintenance capabilities in place. Those which utilize these assets to the fullest will be the most successful and any which require retooling or major upgrades MUST be capable of doing so in an incremental manner which uses established capabilities wherever possible.
This is important in the context of things like transportation. It is entirely unreasonable to expect that there will be widely deployed hydrogen filling stations or other support facilities in the foreseeable future. Even if the ultimate goal is to establish such facilities, it is necessary that any technologies being implemented must be capable of compatibility with what currently exists in the midterm. For example, plug in hybrids which may be a stepping stone toward future electric-based vehicles but work well with existing technology.
Similarly, it is better to work with manufacturing, refining and distribution technologies that are already available as well as the existing skills of workers. It is better to deploy clean synthetic hydrocarbons, for example, than ethanol on a wide scale because ethanol cannot be pumped through existing petroleum pipelines due to it's tendency to bind with water.
8. "Natural� "Organic� and "Bio� do not mean "good.� - Some of the most toxic substances known are natural. Furthermore there are times when using an artificial or engineered solution to a problem is far better than using a traditional low-tech or natural approach. Using synthetic substances, engineered approaches and technology can often improve the efficiency of an activity and therefore reduce the need for resources and the overall impact.
For example: a farm which utilizes insecticides and artificial fertilizers to grow a given amount of crops on ten acres may be far better for the local ecosystem than a farm which uses organic methods but requires twice the land be cleared. A common organic farming method for pest control is to import predator insects like lady bugs, however, importing large numbers of these insects may be considerably more disturbing to the local food chain and ecosystem than using a measured amount of an artificial pesticide.
�Nature� was not designed to provide mankind with food, energy and other needs in the most efficient, reliable and sustainable manner. Therefore, engineered or artificial approaches may have better overall outcomes.
7. Plans for the future should not be made on the most optimistic predictions and should consider the most pessimistic reasonable predictions – If you are formulating a plan for providing energy you cannot base it on the assumption that there will be an overall decrease in energy usage. Rather, one must assume that energy needs will continue to grow as they always have, if not faster.
Similarly, no plans for the future should ever be based on the assumption that it will be possible to do something better/faster/cheaper than it can now based on future technologies. One cannot, for example, create say "We'll just have to develop a more efficient solar cell that is ten times cheaper than what we have now.� There is no guarantee that such research and development in such an area will be fruitful.
�Hope for the best but prepare for the worst� is generally the best policy. Any statement like "Well we won't need to plan for that because in ten years we'll be at the point where we'll only need half as much oil� should be viewed with extreme skepticism.
6. Simply attacking an environmentally damaging activity is not effective unless a better alternative of similar or better economics and usefulness is presented – Protesting a coal fired power plant is, in and of itself, useless, because the plant is necessary to provide electricity. It is even worse to oppose coal, oil and hydroelectric because those are all major sources of electricity. If one wants to phase out something like coal there must be an alternative presented. It is always more effective to promote the alternative than to oppose what exists. If the alternative is accepted, the existing activity being opposed will go away on its own.
It is important that the alternative be reasonable, not speculative and capable of replacing what exists with minimal sacrifice in general. Any alternative which provides additional non-environmental benefits, such as cheaper energy, improved capabilities or better performance (in the case of a vehicle) will aid greatly in promoting the alternative. If such benefits can be presented the likelihood of success is extremely high.
5. Taxation, price increases and caps on energy are inherently regressive and cause great damage. – Regressive means that it has a greater impact on the lower classes than the upper classes and also affect upward mobility and general quality of life. Increasing the price of energy does not mean simply mandating a price or taxing it directly. Any measures which limit energy production will cause an increase in price due to market forces. This includes carbon taxation and carbon capping without providing a variable alternative. Mandating the use of energy technologies which are limited in output or are expensive will likewise increase prices.
High priced energy is a huge burden on the lower classes to a degree much higher than the upper class. Energy is a fundamental expense to living, both directly in the form of heating, transportation and electricity and also indirectly in how it affects production of all goods and services. The price makes up a much larger proportion of the spending of those with less. Thus, an increase in the price of energy DOES NOT make all people conserve energy in an equal manner nor does it prevent frivolous use of energy.
Joe billionaire still fuels up his yatch and barely notices that he spent five dollars a gallon on marine diesel instead of two, but poor families go cold because they cannot afford heating oil at twice the price. In the end, those with the money to adopt cleaner and more efficient technology and with the excesses which can be cut are the least likely to do so. The more likely outcome of higher energy prices is a move to alternative energy sources which offer a lower cost, even if doing so results in more pollution instead of less. An example would be the wood burning stove boom during the 1970′s oil crisis or waste oil burners.
This increases the class divide, as any shortage of such an important commodity will. It causes more poverty and limits upward mobility. The overall reduction in quality of life affects nearly all sectors including health and any burden on the economic system will only make government social programs more burdened.
4. It is unreasonable to expect the general public will accept major reductions in living standards or comfort and convenience. Simply put, it won't happen – There is no point in debating the ethics of driving a big car and taking vacations versus making sacrifices to sustain the environment, because history shows that the public has a very limited tolerance for any measures which directly affect their comfort, convenience and other wants. Therefore, if you want people to drive a car which is environmentally friendly, it must not be a glorified golfcart. It cannot lack air conditioning and be small, slow and lacking in capacity. People will not accept that kind of sacrifice in general.
Because they will not move to environmentally friendly options voluntarily, the next thing which generally is proposed is to mandate very strict limitations on the use of anything from incandescent light bulbs to air conditioners to big engines. The problem is that this will not generally be accepted if there is not an equally viable alternative. People will either skirt the regulations or they will put pressure on politicians to change them. In a democracy, the politicians will always be forced to bow to the will of the people on any matter which is universally disliked.
(They want their damn bread and circus and you'd be a fool to try to talk them into living without them.)
3. Depending on continuous heavy subsidies is not sustainable. – Subsidies exist for a reason and are not always a completely bad thing. They are designed to do things like maintain a strategic capability which is not normally profitable or to stimulate a sector which is important to a country and might now develop on it's own.
However, when it comes to energy and development, a subsidy cannot be a tow-line, but only a jump start. In other words, it must be for the purpose of establishing a capability which will have value and returns on the initial expenditure. Paying to keep something going for years when it has shown disappointing results is a complete waste. It is not economically sustainable and has low benefit.
It also should be pointed out that "creating jobs� is not an economic benefit if those jobs are entirely based on expenditures which do not result in a tangible payback and rely on direct funding to exist. "Creating 1000 jobs� is not a good thing if the way they were created is by paying 1000 people to do something useless. The sustainability and overall effect must be considered.
2. Every little bit does not help. – There is absolutely no point in perusing technologies or methods which do not have the potential for actually making an ecological difference, especially if doing so will expend funds, energy or other resources without any significant return. Even in cases where there is little overall investment, simply harping on the most insignificant overall issues will at least draw attention away from what credible solutions exist.
In the end, it is not really going to matter if there is .00001% les Co2 in the air in a century. Those technologies which have limited potential are best abandoned to cut losses as soon as it becomes apparent how limited they are. Campaigns against things like iPhones are idiotic, considering the massive discharges of waste by other parts of the electronics industry and other industries in general. Putting a solar panel on your roof might make you feel good but that's about all it does. Saying "someone has to start� or "if everyone would do it� or "every bit helps� does not count for much when you know that everyone *will not* do it and "every little bit� helps a very very little bit.
1. Sacrificing the needs of an economy for the environment will destroy both. - This is overall and far and away one thing which environmentalists seem to entirely lack any understanding of. There are a lot of claims that sacrifices must be made economically or that "the price of damaging the environment cannot be measured in dollars. We need to consider that cheap power has hidden costs to earth.�
The major problem with this is that the economic health of a society affects nearly all aspects of the society. For example, during times of recession, crime rates tend to rise, health generally deteriorates, general public moral is far less. The effects are far reaching both broadly and individually. When the economy does well, more people have good paying jobs with benefits. More people have healthcare coverage and those who do not are generally more able to pay for healthcare. More people go to college and education in general improves. There are more funds for donation to charities and the government has far more of a taxbase from which to spend.
The impact on the environment is also effected by this for several reasons. It has been said that "environmentalism is a luxury� and this is actually true in many circumstances. In a poor country cars blow out more exhaust because owners are not as prone to good upkeep of the engine and exhaust system. Recycling does not exist in such countries because the funds are not available and the demand for more raw materials is lacking, thus making it less financially motivating to recover materials.
In general, people become far less concerned with the environment when they see that their own lives and the lives of those close to them are not very good. A person does not buy highly efficient lightbulbs or a hybrid car in such circumstances. If they cannot afford oil to keep warm, they will not insulate their home but rather are more likely to start cutting down trees for fuel. They may even buy a simple stove and start to burn garbage for fuel.
An economy is not healthy when it is stagnant. It must not only be growing to be healthy, but to be prosperous it should have the highest possible growth rate while maintaining sustainable funds and keeping inflation in relative check. Only under such circumstances will the government and private organizations have the funds and the ability to tackle environmental issues. The flip side of this is that it means an increase in consumption and in consumerism in general. This equates to more potential for environmental impact.
The key, in the end, is to find ways to keep a robust and healthy economy while promoting good environmental policy. Doing so will increase standards of living, decrease poverty, increase environmentally positive projects and benefit all aspects of life and ecology.
Added (2/5/08):
Having gotten a lot of attention on this article I've added a couple of follow-up posts which related to this and which I might suggest checking out. You may also want to check other parts of this blog filed under "environment".
Agree or disagree your comments are welcome and will not be removed – at least as long as the discussion is factual and substantive. Railings, flaming and profanity are not desired, however. However, although descent is welcome, don't expect not to be refuted, taken to task or otherwise countered. Feel free to do the same. This is obviously a contentious issue. Any discussion, even if heated, is positive if it stimulates thought and education.
Sources of Greenhouse Gas and a Quick Math Lesson
Stuff "Environmentalists" Should be (more) Concerned About
Does Every Little Bit Really help?
"Green Groups" Give Me Deja Vu
Also, since there has been a lot of discussion of nuclear energy resulting from this, here are some previous posts with relevant information:
Ten Myths About Nuclear Energy
Greenpeace On Nuclear Science
A Graphic Illustration of Nuclear Energy Potential
What is Spent Fuel? – I'm most proud of this one as it addresses an issue most people know very little about. The issue of nuclear "waste" and methods for dealing with it.
This entry was posted on Tuesday, January 29th, 2008 at 11:32 am and is filed under Bad Science, Education, Enviornment, Good Science, History, Not Even Wrong. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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this is the view looking West from Angel's Rest. If you look closely you can see downtown Portland. A better camera set up and less Summer haze would help it be a lot clearer.
This is looking West from the top of Angels Rest in the Columbia River Gorge in Oregon
from www.portlandhikersfieldguide.org/wiki/Angel's_Rest_Hike "Angel's Rest is an exposed bluff on the Western end of the Columbia River Gorge. This summit is characterized by a long, rocky spine surrounded on three sides by cliffs, boasting a striking 270 degree view! While you can't see any of the Cascade volca...


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Financial Aid
Direct Loans for Current Students
Federal Direct Loans are made directly from the U.S. Federal government to students through the Federal Direct Loan Program. There are two types of Direct Loans are Subsidized Loans and Unsubsidized Loans.
Federal Subsidized Loan
These loans are based on demonstrated need determined by the Office of Financial Aid. The government pays the interest on federally Subsidized loans during the student's full-time enrollment and in authorized deferment periods.
Federal Unsubsidized Loan
The student is responsible for all the interest that accrues on this loan, including interest that accrues while in school. Interest also accumulates during deferment and the grace period. Once the student enters repayment the interest becomes part of the loan principal in a process called capitalization.
Students without full eligibility for the Federal Subsidized Loan are eligible for this loan program.
Undergraduate Students
|Maximum Loan Amount
|First Year: $5,500 maximum of which up to $3,500 can be in the form of Subsidzed loan funds.
|Second Year: $6,500 maximum of which up to $4,500 can be in the form of Subsidzed loan funds.
|Third Year: $7,500 maximum of which up to $5,500 can be in the form of Subsidzed loan funds.
|Fourth Year: $7,500 maximum of which up to $5,500 can be in the form of Subsidzed loan funds.
Interest Rate for the 2015-2016 academic year
4.29% for Loans disbursed between 7/1/15 and 6/30/16
Direct loan fees are 1.072% for loans disbursed between 10/1/14 and 9/30/15. For loans disbursed between 10/1/15 and 09/30/16, the direct loan fees are 1.068%. Direct loan fees are deducted from the loan proceeds at disbursement. So for example a Direct loan disbursement of $2000 would have $21 in fees deducted from it so that the net proceeds of the disbursement would be $1979.
Please note: Direct loans are fixed rate loans. Undergraduate Direct loans taken out in the 2015-2016 academic year that are disbursed after 7/1/15 will have a fixed rate of 4.29% for the life of that loan. Each academic year the government will determine the interest rates for that year's loans. The interest rate for undergraduate Direct Loans is based on an index + 2.05%. Under the law, the index rate is determined each year as the "high yield of the 10-year Treasury note" auctioned at the final auction held prior to the June 1 preceding the July 1 of the year for which the rate will be effective.
- Students must have a completed financial aid application for the applicable academic year.
- Students must be U.S. citizens or eligible non-citizens
- Students must be accepted in a degree-seeking program.
- Students must be registered at least half-time.
- Students must attend classes and maintain satisfactory academic progress to continue to be eligible for their loans.
- Direct loans are awarded as part of a student's financial aid package. Once the loan is awarded the student will need to accept the Direct loan award(s) online via eCommon.
- First time Direct loan borrowers at Emerson College are required to complete Direct loan Entrance Counseling and a Direct Loan Master Promissory Note (MPN). These documents can be completed at any time at www.studentloans.gov
- All borrowers are required to participate in Exit Loan Counseling if they stop attending or drop below half-time standing. Exit Counseling can be completed online via www.studentloans.gov.
How to Apply
All students wishing to borrow a Direct Loan must accept the Direct loan award(s) online via eCommon. Emerson College will notify the Direct Lending Service that you are attending Emerson College and certify your eligibility for a Direct Loan. A fall semester applicant's lender will be notified in late June. A spring semester applicant's lender will be notified starting in December.
If you have not previously borrowed a Direct Loan at Emerson College:
- You must complete the Direct Loan Master Promissory Note (MPN). To complete the Direct Loan MPN, go to the Direct Loan Website. You only need to do the MPN once and it is valid for subsequent loans for up to 10 years.
- You must complete the federally required Entrance Interview. The Interview can be found on the Direct Loan Website. If you have borrowed a Direct Loan at Emerson College in the past, you do not need to complete another Entrance Interview.
View a chart on the Direct Loan process from application to disbursement »
Loans are disbursed in two equal installments split evenly between each semester, each portion disburses after the Add/Drop period each semester.
For Subsidized Loans, the interest is subsidized while the student is enrolled at least half time. Once a student is attending less than half time, leaves, or graduates, the student will enter their 6 month grace period. Loans that have disbursed after 7/1/2012 will begin to accrue interest during their 6 month grace period. Any accrued interest on the loan at the end of the grace period will become part of the loan principal of the loan in a process called capitalization. Repayment of principal and interest begins after the 6 month grace period
For Unsubsidized Loans, interest accrues each month after the funds are disbursed to the school. Unsubsidized loans have a 6 month grace period after the student drops below half-time status, leaves, or graduates; however, interest does accrue each month while the student is in school.
There are several repayment options available. Students will receive Exit Loan Counseling when they leave school. To review your repayment information now, visit the Federal Student Aid website. It also offers helpful interest and repayment calculators to help you better understand your repayment options.
You can also read our Loan Repayment fact sheet for more information about loan repayment assistance.
Emerson College's two year cohort default rate on Direct Loans is 1.4% which is substantially lower than the national average of 9.1%.


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The CBO and other economist are all over the numbers!
Holy shite. How many fell out of the workforce
Holy shite. How many fell out of the workforce
Personally I fell off in July, did not get a part time job with the Geek Squad until September to help pay bills until I graduate from school in March.
Obama got us under 8%, he said he would! He should change his name to Ronald Reagan Jr.
Were I Obama, that'd be my story. Just sayin...
quote: July jobs numbers are revised up from 141,000 to 181,000; August up from 96,000 to 142,000. BOOM!
You are ignorant.
Don't we need at least ~250k to keep up with population growth?
August had 39,000 fewer jobs created than July did.
September had 67,000 fewer jobs created than July did.
Is this progress? This is one specific way for Romney to explain it during the next debate in terms people can understand. If the employment situation is really getting better, my fellow Americans, why were there fewer jobs created in September than in August, and fewer in August than in July? Isn't that going in the WRONG direction? Mr. President, would you comment on what I just said?
how many lost?
MSNBC doesn't even buy it.
quote:Well Done NHT
The number of working people who are working part time increased by 600,000 workers in one month! From 8.0M to 8.6M. I have stressed repeatedly that in this household poll(survey) working one hour qualifies one as "employed", as opposed to "unemployed". The part-timers who want full-time work are relegated to being revealed in U-6.
U-6 is still sitting at 14.7%. That's the true measure - and it didn't change at all.
Good luck finding media that will talk about the U-6 figure.
Again, the explanation is part-time workers who tell the Census Bureau interviewer they want full-time employment.
This is why I did not want Romney to talk about the 43 consecutive 8%+ months during the debate. He avoided it until his two-minute closing statement, when I cringed.
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Listening to Dinosaur Jr is like being wrapped up in a giant grunge comfy blanket.
There's something reassuringly familiar about the Massachusetts-based trio's shoegazing alt-rock racket, which remains refreshingly untainted bycurrent musical trends.
Though it's unlikely they'll ever match their late 80s/early 90s output again, Dinosaur Jr are at their cruisy best on I Bet on Sky, their sun-kissed 10th album, third since regrouping in 2005 and the follow-up to 2009's raucous and abrasive Farm.
That new-found breezy attitude may have come from the notoriously prickly J. Mascis easing up on his excellent recent solo acoustic albums. But there's something sunny and carefree about the jaunty acoustics of Almost Fare and the simple riffs that run through What Was That that make I Bet on Sky effortlessly enjoyable.
Barlow's two additions, Rode and Recognition, take a few extra listens to come to terms with, but even they start making sense when nestled among mopey single Watch the Corners and the bruising fuzz of Pierce the Morning Rain.
And when a cowbell shows up on I Know It Oh So Well, you can't help but think that Dinosaur Jr might actually be - whisper it - enjoying themselves. For a band with such a fractious history, that's a grand achievement.
Stars: 4/5
Verdict: Alt-rock titans return for cruisy 10th album.
Click here to buy Dinosaur Jr.'s new album I Bet On Sky.


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Jim"I'd actually meant Jim's personal dog he gained experience from about poor line manners. I thought a good explanation of how he though his personal dog became so bad would possibly help your situation."
The problem might be in coming up with a "good explanation". I whelped the litter
that Daisy was from. She ended up with me because I couldn't really in good conscience "palm her off" on a buyer. Daisy was a demanding "me, me....me first puppy". My first mistake was in allowing that spoiled pup develop her demanding ways.
After forcing her, Daisy was sent off to a Pro for evaluation. I took her back home after a month. She was extremely "mousy" when the e-collar came out and yet a driven pup in training. Her marking was mediocre....mostly because she was so animated and nervous at the line. However, she eventually(severtal months) came back to her old self.......some of which I should have avoided. She trained well and was not entered in a test until she was 18 months old.
Evidently, I did not want to acknowledge her anxiety and animation at the line as an issue. I keep coming back to my pro friend's comment....."It's not the dog." which pretty much sums up how difficult it is to assume the responsibility for the dog's behavior.
Fast forward through many trying months at the line....she gets her AKC Senior Title.
However, there was no way her line manners would allow the next step. The week of realization and discovery came at four years old. I setup a very difficult triple with two blinds (AKC Master level at the Stoughton Field trial grounds). She smacked it. The next day I was training with friends and the setup was a simple double with a cold blind off to one side. She picked up the "go bird" and then on the memory when I said "Daisy" she looked up at me, cocked her head and said "What?" She had no idea where it was or if one had even been thrown, I finally got her kicked off the line with the "go as sent routine" and she rather wandered off cluelessly with a sloppy handling. The blind was a very "hacky".
The worst part of the morning was that I had bragged to my friends about how sensational she had looked the day before.
That evening I went home and examined the past four years of her journal entries. Throwing out September through February (hunting season and nasty weather winters) she had never come in heat during those times. Training (when done and not often was always sharp). From April through August and a full month before any signs of coming in heat training consistently "went south". For a full month after going out of heat the training was NEVER very good either. Frustration was evident in the journal entries.
Her issues were mostly driven by anxiety. If there were a Bell shaped curve for how a bitch handled her heat cycles in terms of mental stability, Daisy had to be in the extreme. And of course, I was putting pressure on a bitch whose hormones out of whack. No wonder she demonstrated anxiety.......and I just never saw it.
I struggled with having her spayed for about two weeks. Then decided to do what was best for her. Since then training has been more consistent. The problem is that during those first four years
"baggage" was created that was impossible to erase...even thought I tried. Why is it that many new trainers become "experts" at trying fix things and all the experts spend so much energy trying to fix a dog and trainer they know nothing about? Anyway that is another thread. I am happy to say Daisy is more content and I'm more relaxed. She is my "go to" waterfowl dog.
I am just one of many, many owners that started late with their retriever training. Taffey (see signature) was my first retriever training venture 13 years ago when I was 60. Three more have been trained and I don't wash anyone out. I'm 73 now and feel the axiom of "avoiding mistakes" makes more sense now that I actually know what a mistake looks like. The next pup might find his road a tad smoother (or not).
The Website was written to keep track of my progress (good, bad and everything in between). Forgetting inhibits learning so the journals and pages help to remind me of the ever present task of doing what the dog needs "in the moment" and remembering that there are tools in place to restore balance more quickly. That's what is most important for a dog
In retrospect, I find this "story" may not help the OP unless he finds out what his dog needs. Often is usually more that one incident or issue that creates a problems.
Sorry of the looong story, but you asked. My wife just asked me when I was going to watch Lylah tonight.
Thank you for sharing your time with us this evening and giving some insight in to your experience with Daisy. I need to do a self examination as I mentioned in an earlier post. I also believe it may be worth letting a pro evaluate him. One of my considerations that must come in to play is my long term goal with this dog. Do I want to continue to play the dog games with him beyond a JH, or just make a field goose dog out of him which was my original intent when I bought him? I need to decide that and commit to one or the other.
Thank you again.


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The Roswell full zip jacket from Alpinestars has three front pockets with button closures, a diagonal zip pocket at the left chest, a drawstring hood and Alpinestars embroidery on the left sleeve. Also featuring a woven Alpinestars tag at the bottom left pocket and two side seam pockets, this jacket has plenty of storage for clandestine documents or maps to Area 51. The quilted jersey lining is sure to keep you cozy while you watch the skies for your ticket out of New Mexico.
- Woven Alpinestars tag at bottom left pocket
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- Heavyweight full zip jacket
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If ever a reminder were needed, this collection of films contains the inescapable truth that the thing killing most New Zealanders is New Zealand.
Such a Stupid Way To Die is a 1971 film that warns about the terrifying New Zealand alpine bush and unforgiving tussock country. Hypothermia is explained by Ray Henwood - father of Dai Henwood - and therefore seems like a mockumentary p*ss-take of a 1971 educational film, rather than just being one.
It's a style that's been adopted more recently by beer and vodka commercials. It's also shot beautifully, as you'd expect from the National Film Unit. Most importantly it is educational, although the symptoms of hypothermia may be ones that you recognise from the office Christmas party:
Slowing of Movement
Slurring of Speech
Abnormal Behaviour
Repeated Falling
The film centres around a dramatisation of a real life tragedy, with some doomed friends heading out on a tramp. It's brilliantly spooky, and grim. Concluding with a dour re-enactment at a coroner's court.
Back in the 1950s things were less gothic. Pedestrians or Jaywalkers? (1952) starts out like a skit from Benny Hill, as the pedestrian - we only see him from the knee down - walks along the footpath but changes direction when the pins of a presumably hot young lady come into frame. Naturally he stalks her at what would now be an actionable proximity. And did I mention he was naked?
What follows is a comedy version of a public warning. Pedestrians are being killed by motorcars because they jaywalk, but why not have some fun along the way?
The modern version is often seen on our current affairs shows: today it's people texting as they drive or making suicidal dashes in front of Wellington buses. Although the story is basically the same, this 50 year vintage is the superior beast, and proof - as if it were needed - that nothing is new.
Between the 50s and the 70s there was of course the 60s. But this 1966 film isn't a warning about the perils of free love and LSD. The sexual revolution, though in full swing in the rest of the free world, was still many years away from our shores. So, promising as it is, the title Too Late to be Sorry, is about a different kind of penetration, that of a metal slug into the meat of a hapless New Zealander. A man wanders through the bush, pulls out his rifle and bang. "Hey watch what you're bloody doing", yells the man he mistook for a deer, "... Are you bloody blind or something?"
At which point a Forest Service officer pops up sporting a spanking new Swanndri. "One hunter is killed or injured each week as a result of unsafe firearms handling." Jeepers that's a lot. We've obviously got better at this, thanks to films like this no doubt. At only six minutes it's a brilliant crash course about safely taking pot shots in the dangerous New Zealand alpine bush or unforgiving tussock country.
Today it's frowned upon to involve chimps in the kind of antics that were once seen as merely delightful. It's been decades since PG Tips used primates to peddle its tea. But back in 1952, the words "animal" and "welfare" had yet to meet.
Monkey Tale is a remarkable thing. It's hard to imagine a stranger or more wonderful piece of film sitting in any archive anywhere. At its heart it's an educational film about bicycle safety, warning as it does about the perils of "double banking" and crossing the road "willy-nilly". But the beauty of this film is that it has no heart, it's clearly a chance to wheel out the chimps and have a good laugh. It's old school. The star is Charlie (last name Chimp), who may now be my favourite NZ animal actor, after the Bugger Dog. It simply has to be seen.
Elsewhere the collection is a reminder that PSAs (Public Service Announcements), as they're oft known, have always attracted the cream of film and advertising talent.
Today we have the artful and award-winning Ghost Chips campaign. Back in 1963 producer John O'Shea and young director Tony Williams gave us Keep Them Waiting. The 'Them' being the men and woman of the emergency services, seen here playing cards, drinking tea, and sitting by the bakelite phone. Meanwhile some New Zealanders are out and about, driving without seatbelts, drinking like fish, and walking on the highway.
It's only a matter of time before the inevitable, but this is 1966 so time is a concept to be played with. Cue Last Year at Miramar: backward footage of a Vauxhall Velox, ominous ticking clocks, and jazz from the Nicky Smith Trio and the Maurice Page Quartet.
Even more in keeping with the living dead of Ghost Chips is The Elysian Bus (1951), which plays out like an episode of the Ray Bradbury Theatre or perhaps a short story by JG Ballard.
Again the cinematography is of the highest calibre - this could be Hitchcock (indeed the actors sound distinctly English). The strangest thing is how engaging it all is considering what it is, a 10-minute film designed to make us to take more care on wet roads.
A God voice booms in (naturally he's Aquarius, in keeping with the Greek theme) chiding the passengers waiting for that bus to the afterlife. "When it's raining you can't just go blundering along not looking where you're going, losing you temper and driving too fast." No speaking in enigmatic riddles for this deity, just a good old fashioned growling.
Throughout the collection you're reminded that though much has stayed the same, we have got a lot better at not letting New Zealand kill us as easily as it once did.
That, along with the inescapable fact that a chimp riding a bicycle is still bloody hard to top.


text: I was told today that until the first of the year you can get your non-working G2 transmitter replaced for $105 with a new G3 of the same model. After the first of the year they will consider them obsolete and only allow a trade in discount. If you have one that doesn't work now would be a good time to send it in.


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About This GigapanToggle
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- Sean Patrick
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- Aug 29, 2007
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Beomeosa is a Buddhist temple in Cheongnyong-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, South Korea. Built on the slopes of Geumjeongsan, it is one of the country's leading urban temples. It was constructed in 678 during the reign of Silla king Munmu, by the monk Uisang. It became known as one of the ten great temples of the Hwaeom sect, although like most Korean temples it was later assimilated into the Jogye Order. At its largest, during the Koryo dynasty, it was much larger than it is today - with over 360 rooms and more than a thousand monks in residence. The temple was burned to the ground in 1592 during the Japanese Imjin Invasion. It was reconstructed in 1602, but was burned again by an accidental fire. In 1613 it was rebuilt again. The Main Hall (Taeungjon) and the front gate (Iljumun) date to this reconstruction.
- From Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beomeosa


text:
Again, it has been awhile.
Today, I had an interview with a company that needed a technical writer who knew Unix. While I could go into the differences between UNIX and GNU/Linux, I would rather focus on what is happening within our community.
We used to be a community. We worked together on projects and we lifted each other up. What happened today was a complete shock to my system.
I have never been a system administrator. It would be a lie to say I had not thought about it. Instead, I spent my time advocating for freedom and coding. Why? I love it. Why else would you do anything? Oh... yeah. For $$
Well, since I had been using Debian all these years, I had a chance today to look back on some of my work. I have created installers and programs, I have ported applications that were only ported for Red Hat to Debian and got these to work. Upon contacting the companies, they told me... we don't care if it works on Debian, only Red Hat.
Before it was commonplace, I was making isos and using cdrecord to burn CDs, showing anyone who would listen how. In fact, I was instrumental in the first installfest in Phoenix. Yes, I have been a part of the community both online and in real life.
Yet today, I felt like a luser, a newb and why?
Because I am not a sys admin and I was applying for a job where I would work with server babysitters.
I believe my expertise is in the mid to high level. However, I was asked questions about things I never use, like /op. (Don't use it because really... it's all about me.)
I have tinkered with SaaS, worked on embedded applications and hardware and the list goes on and on... boring, I know.
The point is that I *thought* we were a community. I *thought* it didn't matter whether one was a programmer or a sys admin or even a n00b.
Haven't these people read Emmett's Welcome Wagon?
Now, I see that there are many opportunists just using Linux for profit.
I have actually de-constructed several programs that use ffmpeg but do not include the GPL. A lot of companies are using our work and not including the GPL. One company that makes a good profit using FFMPEG and does not include the GPL is Articulate. Another is Adaptive.
There are companies that offer a "free" compiler. They do offer the code, but it is so obfuscated, it would be challenging compiling this mess. The product manager laughed as he told me this.
There are so many positives that have come from our community. Unfortunately, I am seeing a lot of negatives. Not anything we have done, but the unintended consequences of our pure vision.
Today is a sad day for me.
Perhaps tomorrow will bring more hope for community. At least I can say that we did have good intentions and made some positive changes. Unfortunately, the businesses and opportunists are dividing our efforts and our community with their labels as:
Power user
Super user
Any insinuation that a programmer is less valuable than a system administrator hurts our community.
Working together is what we did. It's how we succeeded and to see that change, even on a small level is devastating!
Let's get together and work together. That's how we are going to make things happen.


text:
Academy of Culinary Arts Hosts Open Houses
October 24, 2007
The Academy of Culinary Arts at Atlantic Cape Community College will host two open houses at its Mays Landing Campus, 5100 Black Horse Pike: Wednesday, Nov. 14, 9 a.m. and Wednesday, Dec. 12, 4:30 p.m. The open house events are open to anyone who loves to cook and is interested in beginning an exciting culinary career.
The Academy of Culinary Arts offers two-year degree programs in culinary arts, food service management and baking and pastry. Students can also earn a culinary arts or baking and pastry certificate in just three semesters or complete one of four short-term specializations in less than one year in baking and pastry, hot food, catering and food service management.
The ACA opened in 1981 to meet the growing needs of the hospitality industry. Full-time classes at the Academy meet five hours a day, Monday through Friday, in a morning or afternoon session from January through May and August through December. Evening classes are offered two nights a week in eight-week cycles.
Because the ACA is a division of a public institution, it costs considerably less than comparable two‑year cooking schools. Scholarships, work‑study opportunities and financial aid are available.
For more information on the Academy, call 1-800-645-CHEF, visit www.atlantic.edu/aca, or e-mail email@example.com.


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- 100% Polyester lining & filling
- Metal logo tag
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- Two front pockets with snap closures
- 65% Cotton/45% Viscose shell
- Ribbed waist and sleeve cuffs
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An easy-to-make edible bread bowl stars in a delicious ham and cheese dinner salad.
Smoked cooked turkey is a good substitute for the cooked ham.
In a hurry? Replace the homemade salad filling with your favorite deli salad.
You can make the salad "bowl" up to a week ahead. After baking, cool completely, then wrap and freeze. To serve, place on serving plate; let stand uncovered at room temperature about 1 hour or until thawed. Make the salad filling the night before and chill.
© 2017 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


text:
Good luck with TT! I called them when i was looking to buy and they wouldn't tell me a thing. Sport Dog on the other hand was very forthcoming.
Good luck with TT! I called them when i was looking to buy and they wouldn't tell me a thing. Sport Dog on the other hand was very forthcoming.
You asked, "Is there any sort of calibrated settings that would quantify the specified electricity "doses" for each level of stimulation?"
I asked this question of Tri-Tronics many years ago and never received a definitive answer. I have collar conditioned approximately
10-20 dogs/year for the last 10 years using Tri-Tronics collars and from this experience have reached, what I believe is, an informed conclusion. From the dogs reaction/perception, it is not a linear stair-step from 1 low, 1 med, 1 high, 2 low, 2 med, 2 high, 3 low..... It is linear from 1 low, 2 low, 3 low..... or 1 med, 2 med, 3 medium..... This applies whether in the continuous mode or the momentary mode. As others have mentioned, the dogs have a stronger reaction to a high 3 vs. a low 4 or a stronger reaction to a high 4 vs. a low 5 in both continuous or momentary modes.
In regard to tapping the button while in momentary mode, it's not the best technique as a quick tap may result in no correction.
Ok, I was a little amazed at what I was told....
The shortest duration on a G2 [lower black button] on the momentary setting is 6 micro seconds. That's 6 millionths of a second!
[1 micro second = 1 millionth of a second.]
Upper balck is 36 micro seconds and high [both black buttons] is a big jump to 216 micro seconds.
The fastest they've ever been able to record with a quick tap and release in the continous mode is 15 hundredths of a second. So much for a quick tap being "like" the momentary setting.
That's straight from the engineering dept at TT.
Thanks for looking into this. It explains a lot of questions I had about my dog's reaction to the various intensity levels.
Darrin Greene
Thank you VERY much!
I have not taken the time to call TT and ask since speaking with one of their frontline "product specialits" who was darn good, but I can see why this individual would not have the nuts and bolts of the science.
So, I've taken your figures and put them on a sheet of paper:
From a "length of correction" standpoint:
Low Momentary = 0.000006 seconds
Medium Momentary = 0.000036 seconds
High Momentary = 0.000216 seconds
Fastest Humanly
Possible Continuous
"nick" = 0.150000 seconds
This means that a "nick" on continuous lasts 694 times longer than a high "momentary" on a G2 TT Pro 500!!!!!!
THAT explains a LOT in how we and our dogs perceive the stimulation!
So the above is all "duration"....the other piece is the "intensity" discussion.
Is it accurate that in "momentary", all levels of stimulation equal the "High - Continuous" level for that particular setting? In other words, a Low momentary 3 is the same as delivering a high continuous 3 for 6 microseconds.
What would really be neat would be to have the quantified "volts" (I became an INdustrial Engineer and bailed out of mechanical and chemical disciplines over OHMS, AMPS, and Thermodynamics!) or whatever the proper measurement is for intensity settings on the G2 500 for
Cont. versus Momentary on each dial setting. To my mind, that would really help.
************************************************** *
Eggheads who remain eggheads post-degree...( I took my degree in 87 and ran straight to "Tech Sales"!) Are my above numbers correct, assuming the stats given to Alec are right?
Thanks again Alec! I'd hand the transmitter over for Bus-turd to you in a heartbeat.
As I understand it, yes. Continous intensity [at a given level] is the same as the intensity while using the monentary setting at all three durations [but a hell of a lot longer!]Is it accurate that in "momentary", all levels of stimulation equal the "High - Continuous" level for that particular setting? In other words, a Low momentary 3 is the same as delivering a high continuous 3 for 6 microseconds.
Chris I don't know you, or ever met you. However, if you figured this out, you're way over qualified to run the register at Wal-Mart. I'm just now learning to hold the collar prong side out from my ear to hear the buzzing noise to see if it's working.
So, I've been trying to beat thier record for an hour. I strapped that collar on my arm, got a stop watch and transmitter and been going at beatting that record. I haven't done it yet, but I got all day....Originally Posted by Alec@snowboundkennels
Paul Cantrell
Black Ice Retrievers
Marcola OR
Too many dogs to list (By some Bitch)
"Helping Hunters Train Their Dogs"
The TT boys need to see my old man on this subject. I distinctly remember that 1 microsecond is equal to the time that elapses between smarting off to the old man and the first punch landing.
For reference, a flourescent light is "blinking" at 60 HZ which is right on the threshhold for most himans to detect the flicker. That would be .01666 seconds or about 16,666 microseconds.
.15 seconds indeed regards
There are three classes of people: those who see...those who see when shown...and those who do not see. - Leonardo da Vinci
nnnnooooo llllluuuuuccccckkkkkk yyyyyeeeeetttttt beeeaaatttttinnnngggg theee rrrreeeecccoooorddddd. buuubbuuuuaaaaa iiii''mmmm ggggooonnnnnaaaa nneeeeedddddd mmmmoooorrrrreeeee beeeeeerrrrrr Ffrrrriiiidaaaayyyyy
Paul Cantrell
Black Ice Retrievers
Marcola OR
Too many dogs to list (By some Bitch)
"Helping Hunters Train Their Dogs"