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Verna Thorpe
DeForest – Verna Thorpe, age 93, left her body behind on December 7, 2012 to be with her son, Dennis and husband, Milton and many other family members. She was born on October 12, 1919. She lived her entire life in Wisconsin. She married Milton Thorpe and they were blessed with 65 years together, filled with music, square dancing and entertaining others. Together they planned 30 annual Square Dance Conventions for the State of Wisconsin.
She will be missed by all of us. We will forever miss her kind heart, her patience, understanding; her love and pride for her grandsons and, of course, her chocolate chip cookies.
She is survived by her daughter, Betty (Ronald) Peterson; sister, Beverly (Gene) Gerber; grandsons, Jody (Kim) Peterson and Jason (Megan DeRungs) Peterson; great-granddaughter, Sabrina Rateike; and not to be forgotten, the three Bumpus Hounds, Sassy, Ziola and Abby.
She was preceded in death by her son, Dennis; husband Milton; sister, Helen Hopwood and her parents.
No formal funeral service will be held.
A very special thanks to the staff at Serenity Homes for loving and caring for her these past years. Also thank you Heartland Hospice Care for your superb services.
"Mom…I am so happy you will be with Denny and Dad. The music is playing – you and Dad will be dancing together again!"
Until we meet again, may God hold you in the palm of his hands.


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The Utah State University runs two taxonomy courses. For further information click on each course:
Biology 2410 - Field Botany
Biology 44200 - Plant Taxonomy.
The following notes are for the Biology 4420 Course
A voucher specimen is one that documents what you found or worked with in a study. Voucher specimens can be examined long after a study has been completed. They enable others to check your identifications and, if there are taxonomic changes affecting the species that you worked with, make it possible for subsequent workers to determine what your plants would be called according to the more recent taxonomic treatment. An ecological or environmental study that is not documented by specimens is of questionable validity. No one can prove that it is flawed because of misidentifications, but nor can it be proved that your identifications were correct.
For more information about voucher specimens visit the University of Florida Herbarium
Preparing the label
Preparing the label using the Intermountain Herbarium computer labeling program
There will be a computer program for you to use in the herbarium. Unless stated otherwise, use of the program is mandatory. This means that you should not leave doing your labels until the last minute because that is what other students will do.
At first, using the computer program will be frustrating. There are several reasons why I require its use:
1. It will check your spelling of scientific names, add the authorities for the species, check that you put it in the right family, check that you spell county names correctly and do not place plants in counties that do not exist (e.g., Franklin County, Utah).
2. Knowing the fields into which you have to enter data encourages better record keeping when collecting.
3. If you collect several specimens from the same location enables you to use the "copy record" command, making label preparation much faster.
4. The program will prepare a well-designed label for you, with all the bits of information in a very standard format.
5. It is much easier to grade specimens if they all come in with the data placed in exactly the same format.
Two warnings:
Collection grading
Making a good collection is time consuming. That is why it contributes so much to your final grade, and why it is graded as carefully as it is. Each specimen and its label will be examined. The maximum possible number of points per specimen is 5. You start with 5, but lose points as indicated in the following guidelines. You may not resubmit any specimens for regrading, but you may submit up to 60 specimens. If you submit more than 50, your score will be based on your top 50.
1. Identification. Is it correct? If it is not correct, how bad is the error? All points are lost if a quick check in the herbarium would have been enough to show you the error of your ways. If it is close, perhaps a very similar species, the point loss may be as low as 0.5 points. If it involved a mistake in a character you should not misinterpret (e.g., position of ovary), the loss might be 3 points. This is a judgment call.
2. You are supposed to have identified the plants in your collection by keying them out so, if your specimen does not have the parts required for keying, you will get no credit, even if the identification is correct. This is different from the policy in Range Plants Identification because the goals of the two courses differ. For instance, you cannot include Artemisia tridentata in your Botany 3400 collection because it does not flower until the fall.
3. Your specimen should be complete. Herbaceous plants should show enough of the base and underground parts to indicate its longevity (annual or perennial), root type, etc. For large plants and woody plants, this information may be included on the label. For woody plants, the label should state whether it is a tree or a shrub. The deduction is 1 point.
4. Field notes. Include a copy with your specimens. If it is too perfect (in other words, rewritten or written after the event), the loss will be 2 points.
5. Spelling and typographical errors that have not been corrected (use pen or pencil). Varies from 0.5-2 points, depending on how many and how severe the problems are. NOTE: these errors mount up if you forget that you may have the same error on many labels because of the ease with which information can be copied from one label to the next.
Herbarium supplies
Although you can use your own supplies and sources some sources of equipment and papers specifically for herbarium work are:
Herbarium Supply Company
Pacific Papers
Home Page | Intermountain Herbarium

subset: commoncrawl


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The first time I ordered I hoped I could get my stuff before the weekend, knowing darn well if you order it's going to take forever. It was better...Read More ->
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Product 6 of 10
Our Wildcrafted Guarana Seed Powder may support energy, metabolism, and healthy appetite. The seeds of the Guarana berry has been traditionally used for years for its multiple uses and possible benefits to the body.
Wild Guarana is an evergreen sprawling shrub-like vine which grows in the lush Amazon region of South America. This Guarana tree produces a red berry that has been used for thousands of years by the natives of the Brazilian Rainforest. They would dry and roast the seeds of the Guarana berry mixing them with water to create a paste that was used similarly to chocolate. The paste was added to foods and to create drinks and medicinal tonics. Traditionally used to alleviate diarrhea and upset stomachs, they found that the seeds could also stimulate mental alertness and suppress appetite. The Guarana tree is actually named after the Guarani Indians, a South American tribe who used it to support a healthy digestive system, reduce fevers and increase stamina and physical endurance. Guarana drinks are still extremely popular in Brazilian culture and are still taken daily as health tonics by many to relieve heat exhaustion, combat premature aging as well as detoxifying the blood. A Guarana soda remains Brazil's national beverage today!
One of the active ingredients in non-GMO Guarana is called guaranine which is chemically very similar to caffeine. Guaranine is marketed today to Western consumers in popular energy drinks. Some research claims that guaranine actually is caffeine. However, there are beneficial antioxidants in guaranine that are not found in other caffeine sources. Guarana is the largest provider of caffeine found in nature containing around seven percent more caffeine than other plants and close to two and a half times the amount of caffeine found in coffee. The main difference in the caffeine found in guarana comes from the way it is released into the body. Guaranine is not water soluble and therefore is released into the bloodstream at a much slower rate, providing a longer sustained effect as a stimulant. Guarana slows down digestion, keeping food in the stomach longer achieving a full satisfied feeling long after eating. Guarana is also highly beneficial to the heart and encourages healthy blood pressuring levels.
Some possible traditional uses of Wildcrafted Guarana Seed Powder may include:
● May increase energy, strength, & stamina
● May support healthy metabolism
● May Fight fatigue
● Supports healthy appetite
● Supports healthy weight management & fat burning
● May increase mental alertness & memory
● Supports the body's detox process
● Headache & migraine relief due to its caffeine content
● Antioxidant Properties
● Supports healthy skin
● Supporting a healthy digestive system
● Reducing fevers
● Alleviating diarrhea & upset stomachs
● May support healthy blood pressure levels
● Fighting blood clots & cleansing the blood
● Supporting a healthy heart
● Astringent, Antioxidant, & Analgesic properties
Guarana seed has been used traditionally for years in the Amazon to boost energy, suppress appetite and stimulate the overall body and mind. This secret of the Rainforest is now available to you. Get energized and invigorated with our raw Wildcrafted Guarana Seed Powder!
Suggested Use: Take 1/4 - 1/2 teaspoon in the morning.
Botanical Name: Paullinia Cupana Kunth
Other Names: Guarana, guarana kletterstrauch, guaranastruik, quarana, quarane, cupana, Brazilian cocoa, uabano, uaranzeiro
Ingredients: Guarana Seed Powder.
Origin: Brazil - Wildcrafted
Z Natural Foods strives to offer the highest quality organically grown, raw, vegan, gluten free, non-GMO products available and exclusively uses low temperature drying techniques to preserve all the vital enzymes and nutrients. Our Wildcrafted Guarana Seed Powder passes our strict quality assurance which includes testing for botanical identity, heavy metals, chemicals and microbiological contaminants. ZNaturalFoods.com offers Wildcrafted Guarana Seed Powder packaged in airtight stand-up, resealable foil pouches for optimum freshness. Once opened, just push the air out of the pouch before resealing it in order to preserve maximum potency. Keep your wild Wild Guarana Seed Powder in a cool, dark, dry place.
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24. Babu KM et al. Energy drinks: the new eye-opener for adolescents. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med 9.1 (2008): 35–42.
25. Basile A et al. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from Paullinia cupana Mart. J Ethnopharmacol 102.1 (2005): 32–6.
26. Bech BH et al. Coffee and fetal death: a cohort study with prospective data. Am J Epidemiol 162.10 (2005): 983–90.
27. Boozer CN et al. An herbal supplement containing Ma Huang–Guarana for weight loss: a randomized, double-blind trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25.3 (2001): 316–24.
28. Bracken MB et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption with decrements in fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol 157.5 (2003): 456–66.
29. Bydlowski SP, D'Amico EA, Chamone DA. An aqueous extract of guarana (Paullinia cupana) decreases platelet thromboxane synthesis. Braz J Med Biol Res 24.4 (1991): 421–4.
30. Bydlowski SP, Yunker RL, Subbiah MT. A novel property of an aqueous guarana extract (Paullinia cupana): inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Braz J Med Biol Res 21.3 (1988): 535–8.
31. Campos AR et al. Acute effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) on mouse behaviour in forced swimming and open field tests. Phytother Res 19.5 (2005): 441–3.
32. Cannon ME et al. Caffeine-induced cardiac arrhythmia: an unrecognised danger of healthfood products. Med J Aust 174.10 (2001): 520–1.
33. Doherty M et al. Caffeine is ergogenic after supplementation of oral creatine monohydrate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34.11 (2002): 1785–92.
34. Duke JA. Dr Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland. Online. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/duke March 2003.
35. Espinola EB et al. Pharmacological activity of Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) in laboratory animals. J Ethnopharmacol 55.3 (1997): 223–9.
36. Fernandes OM et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 12.4 (1998): 435–44.
37. Fukumasu H et al. Chemopreventive effects of Paullinia cupana Mart var. sorbilis, the guarana, on mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 233.1 (2005): 158–64.
38. Fukumasu H et al. Protective effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart. var. sorbilis) against DEN-induced DNA damage on mouse liver. Food Chem Toxicol 44.6 (2006): 862–7.
39. Fukumasu H et al. Paullinia cupana Mart var. sorbilis, guarana, reduces cell proliferation and increases apoptosis of B16/F10 melanoma lung metastases in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 41.4 (2008): 305–10.
40. Galduroz JC, Carlini EA. Acute effects of the Paulinia cupana, Guarana on the cognition of normal volunteers. Rev Paul Med 112.3 (1994): 607–11.
41. Galduroz JC, Carlini EA. The effects of long-term administration of guarana on the cognition of normal, elderly volunteers. Rev Paul Med 114.1 (1996): 1073–8.
42. George L et al. Risks of repeated miscarriage. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 20.2 (2006): 119–26.
43. Graham TE. Caffeine and exercise: metabolism, endurance and performance. Sports Med 31.11 (2001): 785–807.
44. Haskell CF et al. A 10 dose ranging study of the cognitive and mood effects of guarana. Behav Pharmacol 16 (Suppl 1) (2005): S26.
45. Haskell CF et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose evaluation of the acute behavioural effects of guarana in humans. J Psychopharmacol 21.1 (2007): 65–70.
46. Hunter AM et al. Caffeine ingestion does not alter performance during a 100-km cycling time-trial performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 12.4 (2002): 438–52.
47. Infante-Rivard C. Caffeine intake and small-for-gestational-age birth: modifying effects of xenobiotic-metabolising genes and smoking. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 21.4 (2007): 300–9.
48. Iyadurai SJ, Chung SS. New-onset seizures in adults: possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks. Epilepsy Behav 10.3 (2007): 504–8.
49. Kennedy DO et al. Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 79.3 (2004): 401–11.
50. Kennedy DO et al. Improved cognitive performance and mental fatigue following a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement with added guaraná (Paullinia cupana). Appetite 50.2–3 (2008): 506–13.
51. Lima WP et al. Lipid metabolism in trained rats: Effect of guarana (Paullina cupana Mart.) supplementation. Clin Nutr 24 (2005): 1019–28.
52. Majhenic L et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of guarana seed extracts. Food Chem 104(3) (2007): 1258–68.
53. Matijasevich A et al. Maternal caffeine consumption and fetal death: a case-control study in Uruguay. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 20.2 (2006): 100–9.
54. Mattei R et al. Guarana (Paullinia cupana): toxic behavioral effects in laboratory animals and antioxidants activity in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 60.2 (1998): 111–16.
55. Mumford GK et al. Discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of theobromine and caffeine in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 115.1–2 (1994): 1–8.
56. Opala T et al. Efficacy of 12 weeks supplementation of a botanical extract-based weight loss formula on body weight, body composition and blood chemistry in healthy, overweight subjects – a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res 11.8 (2006): 343–50.
57. Otobone FJ et al. Effect of lyophilized extracts from guarana seeds [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] on behavioral profiles in rats. Phytother Res 21.6 (2007): 531–5.
58. Pacheco AH et al. Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and prevalence of low birth weight and prematurity: a systematic review. Cad Saude Publica 23.12 (2007): 2807–19.
59. Roberts AT et al. The effect of an herbal supplement containing black tea and caffeine on metabolic parameters in humans. Altern Med Rev 10.4 (2005): 321–5.
60. Ryu S et al. Caffeine as a lipolytic food component increases endurance performance in rats and athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 47.2 (2001): 139–46.
61. Saldana MD et al. Extraction of methylxanthines from guarana seeds, mate leaves, and cocoa beans using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol. J Agric Food Chem 50.17 (2002): 4820–6.
62. Smith A. Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food Chem Toxicol 40.9 (2002): 1243–55.
63. Vik T et al. High caffeine consumption in the third trimester of pregnancy: gender-specific effects on fetal growth. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 17.4 (2003): 324–31.
64. Weng X et al. Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a prospective cohort.
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House Of Smart Cards - How assumptions can open dangerous security gaps
In early 2016, dialogue between ASIS International in Europe and HID Global around access technology identified the need to take a closer look at why sometimes cutting-edge technology is not as effective as it should be in real world applications. Central to the issue were security gaps caused when elements are combined that do not match the same level of sophistication.
This resulted in ASIS conducting a study amongst its European members with HID Global providing support on the technical content. The shared objective was to assess how and where security gaps arise during the process of choosing and installing access control technology.
The study content is based on input from ASIS members, HID technical experts and the survey results. Collectively, this combines the viewpoints of security management practitioners, consultants and technical service providers.


text: Here is an online version of a simple tool that transforms XML into something more readable, useful for presentations and the like. Do not expect it to work with XML features like processing instructions and outside entity references, sometimes they work and sometimes they don't, depending on the xml parser on your system. The goal was to be able to have a better usable format for examples consisting of just elements and attributes.


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National Park
Southeast Utah consists of numerous red rock canyons carved into layers of sedimentary rock formations that have been molded and eroded by a variety of uplifting and erosional processes. The geologic strata exposed in Arches and Canyonlands range from the Paradox Formation (Pennsylvanian Period) to the Mancos Shale Formation (Cretaceous Period). These formations consist of many intermixed layers of marine, freshwater and eolian deposition that are collectively several thousand feet thick. Regionally, these depositional layers are nearly horizontal with a slight dip to the north (Berghoff and Vana-Miller, 1997). The area is an erosional landscape with over a quarter of the area being exposed bedrock. Erosional processes can impact water resources, and do so in these two parks. For example, sediments and evaporites from the Paradox Formation cause dissolved solids levels to increase significantly (thousands of milligrams per liter) in local waters. Ground water encountered in formations below the Carmel Formation can typically be high in sulfates (Hand, 1979). The soils vary widely on the Colorado Plateau and typically reflect the parent material from which they are derived. Vegetation boundaries are usually abrupt, corresponding to sharp changes in substrate or available soil moisture. Soils located in the lower elevations and canyon floors are typically hot and dry, and are poorly developed, while those at higher elevations are cool and moist. Soils found in recent eolian deposits, derived from sandstone, range from sandy loam to sand . Those derived from shale parent material range from clay loam to clay. Deeper soils are found in the valley alluvial fills, whereas shallow soils and exposed sandstone are found on rims, benches, and slopes associated with anticlines and synclines (Lammars, 1991). Overgrazing by livestock has led to an increase in precipitation, runoff and erosion of soils. Vast changes in plant cover and composition have been the result, as have the downcutting of streams and loss of the A-horizon from the soil profile (Barth and McCullough, 1988). These changes have made it easier for exotic species to be introduced and flourish. Knopf and Cannon (1981) found that willow is often slow to recover following overgrazing and, Kennedy (1977) reported that complete conversion of the vegetative is the result of grazing in some western areas of the United States. Since these systems alterations are often slow to recover in an arid environment, and the changes can be so drastic, management techniques in many cases do not work, except for the sometimes costly and difficult task of removing the problem that caused the initial impact.
Many of the geologic formations in the region were deposited in marine environments and therefore have a naturally high concentration of dissolved solids. Energy resource development for coal, oil and gas, and oil shale can contribute to the salt loading problem. Fossil fuels are generally located in association with marine shales and extraction of these resources results in increased levels of dissolved minerals in the water. Increased salinity can be caused by leaching of spoils material, discharge of saline ground water, and increased erosion from surface disturbances. Total dissolved solids from mining spoils leachate have been recorded as high as 3900 mg/L in northwestern Colorado (Parker and Norris, 1983). In addition to fossil fuel extraction, there has been a substantial amount of uranium mining in areas surrounding the National Park Service lands on the Colorado Plateau. Surface runoff and pollution from uranium mines can result in elevated levels of heavy metals, radionuclides and other toxic elements.
Arches National Park Ground Water
Arches is in the southeastern part of the Salt Valley anticline. The Salt Valley now occupies the crest of the Salt Valley anticline as a result of breaching and erosion (Sumsion, 1971). Specifically, in recent geologic history, ground waters that moved through the near-surface rocks, encountered the salt masses left as a result of resistance to the pressure of overburden and concomitant salt flow during the Middle Pennsylvanian through the Jurassic period. The ground water dissolved the salt from the upper structures, leaving less soluble gypsum behind. The volume of salt near the surface has thus been reduced. The elongate valleys (23 miles long, 37 kilometers) such as Salt Wash in Arches resulted from overlying strata collapsing into the elongate crests of these salt features (Baars, 1972). Exposed on the limbs of the anticline are the Wingate
Sandstone of the Triassic period (210 million years ago), the Navajo Sandstone of the Triassic and Jurassic (145 million years ago) periods, and the Entrada Sandstone of the Jurassic period. Other formations in the park range in geologic age from the Pennsylvanian (285 million years ago) to Cretaceous (65 million years ago); these formations are dry due to very low transmissivity which retards recharge or they contain unpotable water unlike many other formations which can support aquifers if the right hydrologic conditions exist. Typically, wells associated with the Navajo, Entrada, or Wingate formations provide water through fractures or joints. The initial supply of water to these formations is through percolation down through permeable layers of rock and through these joints and fractures. In the late 1950's and early 60's, Arches' staff sought information on a replacement drinking water source at Arches Headquarters and a potable water source at the Devil's Garden campsite At that time park staff hauled water into the campsite from the park headquarters, 12 miles to the south. Price (1959) , Arnow (1963) and Sumsion (1971) summarized attempts to locate potable water sources at three different areas within Arches. Water quality data from these studies are presented in Tables 2a and 2b. Engineers located water at approximately 86 feet (26 meters) at the park headquarters according to price (1959). The final well depth was 123.4 feet (37.6 meters), and the entire length of the well remained in the Navajo Sandstone. The water quality data for the replacement headquarters well revealed hard water (224 ppm as CaCO3) and high specific conductance (762 µmhos). Arnow (1963) described a weel drilled into the Navajo Sandstone in the Devil's garden area of Arches. The well depth totaled 900 feet, and engineers encountered water at 745 feet (227 meters) in the Wingate formation. The maximum yield for this well was 4 gallons per minute (gpm). Arnow (1963) noted that additional water could be sought by developing one or more of the springs, or by drilling in the Navajo Sandstone one mile northeast of Devil's Garden. Numerous springs and seeps emanate from the contact between the Dewey Bridge member, a less permeable rock, and the Slick Rock Member of the Entrada Sandstone. An operable well now exists at Devil's Garden Campground.
Sumsion (1971) reports on the hydrologic investigations of the Willow Flats area for a potential water source in the Navajo Sandstone. He estimated that this formation would provide 50 to 56 gallons per minute (gpm)of water, and that the water would move through fractures. This information is based on a soil boring hole drilled in 1969 approximately 1.5 miles to the west of the proposed test area. The driller reported a yield of 56 gpm of water at a depth of 1,570 feet (479 meters) at the base of the Navajo Sandstone. Eight springs in the western portion of the park near Herdina Park were tested for quality, all of which were potable. A ninth spring, called Winter Camp Spring near the Turnbow Cabin, and emanating from the Summerville Formation, was unpotable as a result of total dissolved solids equaling 5,560 mg/L. Further the Winter Camp Spring water contains high sulfate levels at 306 ppm (Table 2b). These springs are actually seepage sites in the Entrada Sandstone for the most part, because the channel is eroded below the water table.
Perennial and Ephemeral Streams
A large number of canyons on the Colorado Plateau do not carry perennial waters, but instead are ephemeral in nature. These channels lead to the Green and Colorado rivers and were formed by fluvial processes. During storm events, these channels can carry large amounts of water and debris. Remembering the destructive power of these flash floods is important when considering development is proposed in associated flood plains (Berghoff and Vana-Miller, 1997). In addition, these floods can carry a tremendous amount of sediment contributing to a water quality problem albeit a naturally induced one. Certain activities within the parks may exacerbate sedimentation problems; these include trampling and removal of vegetation, use of four 4-wheel drive vehicles and trespass cattle.
There are only three perennial streams within Canyonlands - the Colorado and Green rivers and Salt Creek. Documented flows in Salt Creek range from 0.448 to 0.896 cubic feet/second (cfs) (Long and Smith, 1996). The creek commences on Bureau of land Managment land and flows north to the park. Several issues regarding this water resource and the surrounding area are discussed thoroughly in the issues section of this report. Other perennial streams located in Arches are Salt Wash and Courthouse Wash. Flows for Salt Wash range from 0.25 to 1.4 cfs, and a one time measurement for Courthouse Wash was 0.1 cfs (Long and Smith, 1996). All of these systems depend on spring source water as well as precipitation to drive fluvial processes.
Mining: From Atlas to Potash
Atlas Corporation Moab Mill Site An overwhelming concern of both parks is the remediation efforts of Atlas Corporation Moab Mill, a now decommissioned uranium mill site. The mill site and associated tailings are located on the northwest bank of the Colorado River southeast of Arches headquarters, and 1.9 miles (5 kilometers) northwest of Moab. The site totals 400 acres (162 hectares) comprised of a processing facility, tailings pond and pile. The 10.5 million ton (9.5 million metric ton) pile covers some 130 acres (52.6 hectares). Atlas Corporation submitted an amendment to its existing Nuclear Regulatory Commission License No. SUA-917 requesting that Atlas be allowed to 1) reclaim and stabilize the tailings pile for permanent disposal at its present location near Moab, 2) discontinue its responsibility for the tailings, and 3) prepare the 400 acre site for closure (US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996a). A draft and technical evaluation of Atlas' remediation plan raise additional questions about ground water contamination (US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996b, 1997).
The National Park Service's major concern is an elevated ammonia level in the Colorado River downstream of the pile. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issued a jeopardy opinion in reference to the remediation plan as a result of the elevated ammonia level (Irwin, R., 1997 pers. Comm., National Park Service). Ammonium levels of 2400 mg/L were measured in the tailings fluid in 1987 (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1997). At a pH of 8.0 and a water temperature of 10°C, a total ammonia level of 5.86 mg/L can be toxic to fish. Ground water at the background monitoring site AMM-1 established in 1988 was generally a sodium/chloride type, whereas the tailing fluids are a sodium-magnesium/sulfate type water. Sulfate is the dominant anion of the tailing fluid and apparently does influence the ground water at a well to the south. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission questions whether the AMM-1 site was a suitable background monitoring well, because of its close proximity to an old ore storage pad (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1997).
Generally, the shallow alluvial ground water flow is from northwest to southeast towards the Colorado River; however, flow directions and gradients are likely to be variable throughout the year due to stage influences of the Colorado River. During much of the year, shallow and deep monitoring wells in the alluvium show that ground water elevations are above the river stage, demonstrating that the river is gaining flow from the ground water, however, during spring runoff, the river stage exceeds the ground water elevation in the wells, thus the river contributes flow to the alluvial ground water during this period (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1997).
Arches, Canyonlands, and the Water Resources Division of the National Park Service continue to work closely with Atlas Corporation and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission on an acceptable remediation plan for the Atlas Corporation Mill Site.
Dolores Mining District
Upstream approximately, 20 miles from Moab, the Dolores River joins the Colorado River This confluence is significant because uranium tailings remediation of the Uravan mill site is located approximately 50 river miles away from the Colorado River near Moab. Umetco Minerals Corporation, a division of Union Carbide, has supervised the reclamation of the Uravan Mill Site since 1988 when the mill was decommissioned. Since the early 1900's, much of the country's uranium ore was milled at this site. Radiological contamination of the ground water, soils, and facilities caused the US Environmental Protection Agency to consider this site a Superfund site regulated under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation, Liability Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Since 1988, the site facilities have been razed, contaminated soils removed, and contaminated ground water pumped to evaporation ponds. All contaminated materials have been placed on a mesa top at the Uravan site where liquid waste materials were sprayed. These materials will be capped in place. It is estimated that the remeditation process will take 17 years. Monitoring of contamination is an ongoing process. The Uravan Mill Site is located on the San Miguel River, tributary to the Dolores River. Old tailings ponds designed to leach extraction solutions to the ground water and river were replaced in the early 1990's with lined evaporation ponds. These old ponds leached highly toxic and radioactive materials to the ground water and the San Miguel River. Also, prior to reclamation, a pipeline carrying a brine solution followed the San Miguel and the Dolores river. Breaks in this pipe occurred often, resulting in a plume of highly saline solution released on nearby vegetation and into the river. This pipeline no longer exists. (Cudlip, L 1987 to 1997, pers. Obser., Bio- Environs).
Since remediation began, water quality samples and bioassays of aquatic organisms reveal low levels of radionuclides and metals. More interesting is the immediate increase of Simuliidae larvae (black fly larvae), a pollution tolerant organism, after increased sedimentation. Increased sedimentation in the past 10 years has been typically related to intensive work in the San Miguel River streambed to remove contaminated soils, to reconstruct the river channel, or to create wetlands (Cudlip, L 1987 to 1997, pers. Obser., Bio-Environs).
Contamination of the Colorado River prior to remediation of this mill site may have been possible, but is undocumented. More likely, contaminants associated with sediments flowing downstream from the site, settle along the San Miguel or Dolores River before reaching the Colorado River, and before reaching the parks. Regardless, remediation of the site was clearly mandated, and the project is nearing compleation.
Lisbon Valley
Copper mining may return to the Lisbon Valley near Canyonlands. On August 8, 1995 Summo USA Corporation submitted a proposed Plan of Operations to the Bureau of Land Management, Moab District to develop a copper mine in Lisbon Valley, east of the Canyonlands Needles District. A heap leach sulfuric acid process would be introduced to extract copper from formally milled tailings and from ore. In this process, ore is crushed, piled in a heap and then sprinkled with sulfuric acid. As the sulfuric acid filters through the pile it dissolves the copper. The solution is then pumped out, and the copper recovered. The proposal includes the development of 4 open pits to access copper ore; four waste dumps, crushing facilities; a 266 acre leaching pad; a processing plant and ponds to recover the ore; construction of a 10.8 mile powerline to the project site; and associated support facilities. The total disturbance would include 1,103 acres and be located on a combination of federal, state, and private lands. Mining and processing would occur for a ten year period, with reclamation taking an additional five years to complete (Bureau of Land Management, 1997).
Geologically, the area is a collapsed salt valley which drains into the Dolores River. The record of decision in the Environmental Impact Statement confirmed the project, but this record of decision was protested as a result of inadequate ground water data. Recently, data and models assessing the development of pit lakes and the leaching characteristics of the rock substrate confirmed earlier conclusions that the copper operations would not cause impacts to the surrounding aquifers (Adrian Brown, Inc., 1998) . The Annual Hydrogeologic Update (Adrian Brown, Inc., 1998) demonstrates through modeling that water collected in the pits would be significantly better than the intact Burro Canyon aquifer at the end of mining and for 45 to 69 years later. However, the combined effects of evaporation and shallow ground water flowing to the pits contribute to an increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) above those in the Burro Canyon Aquifer (2,039 mg/L total dissolved solids). The shallow ground water will not be affected by these pits because ground water will flow from the aquifer to the pits in the long term according to Adrian Brown (1998), the consulting firm which conducted the modeling.
A deeper aquifer, the N-aquifer, has total dissolved solids level of 273,177 mg/L. Contamination of this aquifer would not occur, but water quality will tend to improve for 90 to 110 years after mining due to delivery of relatively clean water from the pits to the deep aquifer. Eventually concentrated pit water could reach the deep aquifer and increase total dissolved solids in the aquifer from 3 percent to 7 percent, well below the 25 percent total dissolved solids limit increase allowed by the ground water quality protection regulations (Adrian Brown, 1998).
Trace metals are not expected to concentrate in the pit ponds. Adrian Brown, Inc. (1998), through field tests, suggests that trace metals would be attenuated through natural processes and would not appear to concentrate in solution. Sorption and other chemical processes may control the fate of trace metals in the system. All told, ground water in the Lisbon Valley area appears to move northeast towards the Dolores River, and a fault system literally blocks movement of ground water to the west where the Needles District is located.
The Texaco Gulf Potash Mine (also known as Texasgulf, Inc. and Texas Gulf Sulfur Inc.) located on the Colorado River at the town of Potash was operated to collect potash originally through a pillar and post technique. This technique involves cutting rooms into the underground area leaving a series of pillars. These pillars support the mine roof and control the flow of air. In a tragic accident part of the mine collapsed killing several humans. Following this disaster, deposits were mined via an evaporative process. In 1970, Texas Gulf Sulfur Inc. began filling the underground mine with ground water from drilled wells. While drilling one of the wells for ground water, several artesian aquifers were encountered. These artesians broke into the mine and flooded it by January, 1971 months before complete fill of the mine was anticipated. Since they could not control water from the artesians, all the wells had to be capped. Instead, Colorado River water was pumped into the mine, and the solution containing potash was brought to the surface, transferred into ponds and allowed to evaporate (Phillips, 1975). The evaporite consisted of potash (KCl) as well as large amounts of salt (NaCl). The salt was stockpiled, and its proximity next to the Colorado River raised the concern that leachates may reach the river.
In the last 3 or 4 years, through a process of solution with Colorado River water and evaporation, the salt is developed into a marketable product. The pile size has been reduced considerably by this technique (Barnett, J., 1998, pers. comm., Colorado Salinity Control Forum ). Presently, there are seven existing leases in the area and thirteen prospecting applications that have not been processed. If an entity were interested in mining the area, the Bureau of Land Management would guide the development of an Environmental Impact Statement (Jackson, L., pers. comm.., Bureau of Land Management). The Bureau of Land Management periodically sees increased interest in this area, but no serious mining plans have come to fruition.
Abandoned Mines
The number of prospecting hatches on topographic maps and actual mine adits found on the ground attest to the rich mining history within Arches and Canyonlands National Parks and outside their boundaries. Concerns associated with abandoned mines relate to elevated radiation levels emitted from the mines and contaminated mine drainage. The development of mines on the Colorado Plateau stems from the exploration for and mining of the nation's radioactive ores since 1900. Radium was used for medicinal purposes and in the production of luminescent dials. Vanadium was used in steel production, and beginning in 1943, uranium was mined for nuclear weapons and later during the mid-1960's, uranium was used for nuclear generation of electric power. Since the 1960's production of uranium has declined, but continues on a small scale (Burghardt, 1996).
Burghardt (1996) notes that there are no active mines on National Park Service lands in the Colorado Plateau, but the National Park Service inventory shows 44 abandoned radium or uranium sites in or immediately adjacent to National Park Service units. Reclamation of these mines was not required when many mines were opened; the responsible parties are long gone. Clean up or remediation of the sites comes under the auspices of the current land manager - typically the National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management or U.S. Forest Service.
In Canyonlands, Burghardt (1988) was instrumental in recommending the type of closure for ten mines in Lathrop Canyon. The mines were closed using cable nets in February 1989 (Burghardt, 1990). Six more mine openings were closed in 1996, and another five were closed in 1998. Inventories by park personnel and by Burghardt document several other mine opening sites. These include one site with two openings in Arches; these have been backfilled. In Canyonlands, there are 13 sites with 33 openings of which 16 portals have been closed. More importantly, there are numerous abandoned mine sites adjacent to both parks' boundaries, particularly in the Yellowcat Mining District north and east of Arches National Park.
Water contamination in these abandoned mines is evidenced by samples taken from the Lathrop Canyon Mines that were closed. Gross alpha, gross beta, and radium 226 exceeded state standards. Burghardt (1988) also expressed concern with trace elements in the mine waters and increases in contamination downstream of the mine openings. The data were insufficient to determine if the increases were due to the abandoned uranium mines.
The National Park Service, Geologic Resource Division, spearhead the effort to inventory abandoned mines, eliminate public hazards in and near mines, and rehabilitate natural resources as they relate to abandoned mine sites on park lands. However, more work could be accomplished on lands adjacent to the park where the proximity of the abandoned mine or drainage from the mine may impact park lands and water. A project statement is presented to this effect (ARCH-N-030.000, CANY-N-037.000).
Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells
A number of abandoned oil and gas wells exist within and close to park boundaries; they were used in the late 1970's and early 1980's to assess ground water quality for possible culinary water supply development (Sumsion and Bolke,1972; Richter, 1980; Hand, 1979) and to examine hydrology of the Needles District specific to a proposed nuclear waste facility east of Canyonlands (Ecosystems Research Institute, 1984). Sumsion and Bolke (1972) list three oil and gas wells in the northern part of Canyonlands. Developed by Husky Oil Co., Rosen Oil Co., and Pure Oil, there is information on the location, well depth, and geological formation associated with these wells. Ecosystems Research Institute (1984) also notes the Pure Oil well. Richter (1980) lists 29 petroleum test wells in the Needles District area and contiguous lands. Richer (1980) provided information on each well's location, depth to source, depth to production zone, reported rate of production, and reported water quality. Of these 29, 13 produced saline waters. Hand (1979) listed five petroleum test wells in the Maze District one of which produced saline waters, and two where water quality was unknown. Those parameters noted in Richter (1980) were also listed in Hand (1979). It is not known whether these wells were developed or were capped. Also there is no information regarding petroleum test wells in Arches.
Some of the geologic formations in the region were crated in marine environments and therefore have a naturally high concentration of dissolved solids. Fossil fuels are generally associated with marine shales and extraction of these resources results in increased dissolution of soluble minerals. Development of petroleum test wells can result in the discharge of saline ground water. Old well casings may corrode resulting in a release of saline water into the well. These wells were drilled in many cases over thirty years ago. No recent information regarding these wells has been found that may indicate disturbance, and the Bureau of Land Management requires that abandoned wells be plugged. However, the park needs to assess the status of the wells and any other petroleum test wells that may be present. A project statement addresses the need to inventory abandoned gas and oil wells. (ARCH-N-030.000, CANY-N-037.000).
Existing Mines and Oil and Gas Operations
There are approximately 31 active mines, mostly uranium mines within Grand, San Juan, Garfield, and Wayne counties that the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining have recorded. This number does not include a State Institutional and Trust Lands inventory nor leases on private lands. Mining in the vicinity of Canyonlands and Arches may present potential impacts to water resources within the parks. A substantial amount of uranium mining in areas surrounding the National Park Servicelands on the Colorado Plateau has occurred in the past. Ground surface disturbance leading to erosion can impact water resources. Surface runoff and pollution from uranium mines can result in elevated levels of heavy metals, radionuclides and other toxic elements. Explortaion of oil and gas can result in the release of highly saline waters, because many of the wells reach geologic formations created in marine environments. In cases where drilling techniques do not meet approved protocols, drilling into or through these formations may cause contamination of less saline water in other formations (Aubry, A., 1998 pers. comm., Bureau of Land Management).
Several people at the September 18, 1997 scoping meeting expressed interest in an inventory of active mineral mines and oil and gas leases. To that end, a project statement is presented. (ARCH-N-030.000, CANY-N-037.000).
Source National Park Service, Water Resources Division
Geologic Resource Evaluation Report – A detailed geologic report is available that provides an introduction to the geologic history of the park and its geologic formations, identifies geologic features and processes that are important to park ecosystems, describes key resource management challenges and possible solutions, and lists geologic research and monitoring needs.
Adrian Brown. 1998. Project Annual Update of the Lisbon Valley Hydrogeologic System Evaluation Vol. 1. Summo USA Corporation, Denver , CO .
Aubry, A. 1998. Personal communication. Bureau of Land Management, Moab , UT.
Baars, D. L. 1972. The Colorado Plateau. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque , NM .
Barnett, J. 1998 Personal communication. Colorado River Salinity Forum, Salt Lake City , UT.
Barth, R. C. and E.J. McCullough. 1988. Livestock grazing
Berghoff, K. and D. Vana-Miller. 1997. Canyonlands National Park , Arches National Park , and Natural Bridges National Monument Water Resources Scoping Report. NPS Water Resources Scoping Report. NPS/NRWRS/NRTR-97/94.
Bureau of Land Management. 1997. Final Environmental Impact Statement Lisbon Valley Copper Project, Moab District , Moab , UT
Ecosystems Research Institute. 1984. Water resources assessment Canyonlands National Park , - Needles District and adjacent BLM lands, Volume I. Ecosystem Research Institute. , Logan , UT.
Hand, F.E. 1979. Groundwater resources in the northern part of Glen Canyon national Recreation Area and adjacent lands west of the Colorado and Green rivers, Utah . University of Wyoming, Water Resources Research Institute, Dept. of Geology, Laramie , WY
Irwin, R. 1997. Personal communication. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO.
Kennedy, C.E. 1977. Wildlife conflicts in riparian management: water. Pp. 52-58. In Importance , Preservation and Management of Riparian Habitats. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-43.
Knopf, F.L. and R.W Cannon. 1981. Structural resilience of a willow riparian community to changes in grazing practices. In Decline of Riparian Communities in a Portion of Southwestern Wyoming . Range Improvement Notes. D.A. Shute, Editor. U.S. Forest service Intermountain Region.
Lammars, D.A. 1991. Soil Survey of Canyonlands Area , Utah , Parts of Grand and San Juan Counties . USDA, Soil Conservation Service.
Long, B.A. and R.A. Smith. 1996. Water Quality Data Analysis and Interpretation for Spring monitoring sites : Southeast Utah Group. Technical Report. National Park Service. NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-96/77.
Parker, R.S. and J.M. Norris. 1983. Simulated Effects of Anticipated Coal Mining on Dissolved Solids in Selected Tributaries of the Yampa River , Northwestern Colorado . USGS, Water Resources Investigation Report 83-4084, Lakewood , CO .
Phillips, M. 1975. Cane Creek Mine solution mining project, Moab Potash Operations, Texasgulf, Inc., In J.E. Fassett and S.A. Wengerd, eds., Canyonlands Country: Four Corners Geological Society 8' h Guidebook.
Richter, Jr., H. R. 1980. Ground water resources in the part of Canyonlands National Park east of the Colorado River and contiguous Bureau of Land Management Lands, UT , MS U. of Wyoming.
Sumsion, C.T. 1971. Hydrologic investigations in Arches National Monument . USGS, Salt Lake City , UT.
Sumsion, C.T. and E.. Bolke. 1972. Water resources of part of Canyonlands National Park , Southeastern Utah , U.S. Geologic Survey. Salt Lake City , Utah .
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1996a. Draft Environmental Impact Report Related to Reclamation of the Uranium Mill Tailings at the Atlas Site , Moab , Utah . Source Material License No. SUA 917, Docket No. 40-3453, Atlas Corporation, NUREG-1531.
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1996b. Draft Technical Evaluation Report for the proposed revised reclamation plan for the Atlas Corporation Moab Mill. Source Material License No. SUA 917, Docket No. 40-3453, Atlas Corporation, NUREG-1532.
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1997. Final Technical Evaluation Report for the proposed revised reclamation plan for the Atlas Corporation Moab Mill. Source Material License No. SUA 917, Docket No. 40-3453, Atlas Corporation, NUREG-1532
The Greatest Density of Arches in the World
Wind and water, extreme temperatures, and underground salt movement are responsible for the sculptured rock scenery of Arches National Park. On blue-sky days, it is hard to imagine such violent forces - or 100 million years of erosion of sandstone - creating this land that boasts the greatest density of natural arches in the world. The more than 1,500 cataloged arches range in size from a 3-foot opening (the minimum considered an arch) to Landscape Arch, which measures 306 feet from base to base. All stages of decay and arch formation are found here. In 1991 a slab of rock about 60 feet long, 11 feet wide, and 4.5 feet thick fell from the underside of Landscape Arch leaving behind an even thinner ribbon of rock. Delicate Arch, an isolated remnant of a bygone fin, stands on the brink of a canyon, with the dramatic La Sal Mountains for a backdrop. Spires, pinnacles, and balanced rocks perched atop seemingly inadequate bases vie with the arches as scenic spectacles.
Arches National Park lies in southeastern Utah's red rock country. For a short stretch the Colorado River borders the park. A bridge on U.S. Highway 191 connects the park with Moab, Utah. Near this bridge users of the Old Spanish Trail swam mules across in the 1830s. A remnant of the trail adds historical intrigue to Arches. So does Wolfe Ranch, the remains of a typical early-West cattle operation.
The Geologic Story
The national park lies atop an underground salt bed, which is basically responsible for the arches and spires, balanced rocks, sandstone fins, and eroded monoliths that make the area a sightseer's mecca. Thousands of feet thick in places, this salt bed was deposited over the Colorado Plateau some 300 million years ago when a sea flowed into the region and eventually evaporated. Over millions of years, the salt bed was covered with residue from floods and winds and the oceans that came in intervals. Much of this debris was compressed into rock. At one time this overlying earth may have been one mile thick.
Salt under pressure is unstable, and the salt bed below Arches was no match for the weight of this thick cover of rock. Under such pressure it shifted, buckled, liquified, and repositioned itself, thrusting the Earth layers upward into domes. Whole sections dropped into cavities. In places they turned almost on edge. Faults occurred. The result of one such 2,500-foot displacement, the Moab Fault, is seen from the visitor center.
As this subsurface movement of salt shaped the Earth, surface erosion stripped away the younger rock layers. Except for isolated remnants, the major formations visible in the park today are the salmon-colored Entrada Sandstone (top, photo at left), in which most of the arches form, and the buff-colored Navajo Sandstone (bottom, photo at left). These are visible in layer cake fashion throughout most of the park. Over time water seeped into the superficial cracks, joints, and folds of these layers. Ice formed in the fissures, expanding and putting pressure on surrounding rock, breaking off bits and pieces. Winds later cleaned out the loose particles. A series of free-standing fins remained. Wind and water attacked these fins until, in some, the cementing material gave way and chunks of rock tumbled out. Many damaged fins collapsed. Others, with the right degree of hardness and balance, survived despite their missing sections. These became the famous arches. This is the geologic story of Arches - probably. The evidence is largely circumstantial.
How Are Arches Formed?
- As the Earth upwarped here, deep cracks penetrated to the buried sandstone layer.
- Erosion wore away exposed rock layers and enlarged the surface cracks, isolating narrow sandstone walls, or fins. Alternating frosts and thawing caused
- crumbling and flaking of the porous sandstone and eventually cut through some of the fins.
- The resulting holes were enlarged to arch proportions by rockfalls and weathering. Arches eventually collapse, leaving only buttresses that in time will erode. Some natural bridges may look like arches, but they form in the path of streams that wear away and penetrate the rock. (Natural Bridges National Monument is a superb place to view these bridges). Pothole arches form by chemical weathering as water collects in natural depressions and eventually cuts through to the layer below.
The General park map handed out at the visitor center is available on the park's map webpage.
View the park's map to create your own personal maps and images right here.For information about topographic maps, geologic maps, and geologic data sets, please see the geologic maps page.
A geology photo album can be found on the park's website. For information on other photo collections featuring National Park geology, please see the Image Sources page.
Currently, we do not have a listing for a park-specific geoscience book. The park's geology may be described in regional or state geology texts.
Please visit the Geology Books and Media webpage for additional sources such as text books, theme books, CD ROMs, and technical reports.
Parks and Plates: The Geology of Our National Parks, Monuments & Seashores.
Lillie, Robert J., 2005.
W.W. Norton and Company.
9" x 10.75", paperback, 550 pages, full color throughout
The spectacular geology in our national parks provides the answers to many questions about the Earth. The answers can be appreciated through plate tectonics, an exciting way to understand the ongoing natural processes that sculpt our landscape. Parks and Plates is a visual and scientific voyage of discovery!
Ordering from your National Park Cooperative Associations' bookstores helps to support programs in the parks. Please visit the bookstore locator for park books and much more.
For information about permits that are required for conducting geologic research activities in National Parks, see the Permits Information page.
The NPS maintains a searchable data base of research needs that have been identified by parks.
A bibliography of geologic references is being prepared for each park through the Geologic Resources Evaluation Program (GRE). Please see the GRE website for more information and contacts.
NPS Geology and Soils PartnersAssociation of American State Geologists
Geological Society of America
Natural Resource Conservation Service - Soils
U.S. Geological Survey
Currently, we do not have a listing for any park-specific geology education programs or activities.
General information about the park's education and intrepretive programs is available on the park's education webpage.For resources and information on teaching geology using National Park examples, see the Students & Teachers pages.


text: Tum Koi Shaam Ka Sooraj Ho By Shazia Chaudhary By Sidra Khan - No Comments Tum Koi Shaam Ka Sooraj Ho By Shazia Chaudhary Please offer your good suggestions and comments . Share our content with all your all friends on different social media sites. Constantly eliminate any kind of ad block due to the fact ads are the only source of endurance for us. Please Like our Sidrakhan.info Page and get updates. Post Tags: Novel Shazia Chaudhary Sidra Khan I'm Sidra khan. I like to share Recipe, Books and write SEO articles.www.sidrakhan.info Social Links: Rss Facebook Twitter Google+ Linkedin Youtube Posted by Sidra Khan at 3:38:00 PM Labels: Novel , Shazia Chaudhary


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I have been a huge fan of Nespresso since I discovered its legendary Nespresso coffee a few years ago. We have a Nespresso U machine at home and every morning, we wake up to the perfect cup of espresso coffee–with exquisite, tantalizing aroma and full-bodied taste, all brewed by using the Newspresso coffee machine and the capsules.
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Glory 4 Tokyo Fighters Speak About Match-Ups
- Written by Dave Walsh
Now that we know the match-ups for GLORY 4 TOKYO, it is time for the hype to start building up. We are just a little over a month away and it's time to get really excited for the biggest Heavyweight Kickboxing tournament in years. GloryTV was in the house at the press conference and caught up with the big names in the Netherlands who were available; Saki, Ghita, Remy, Aerts, Schilt, Errol, and well, you get the picture. Go ahead and watch.


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With 200+ areas of study, we know you'll find an educational experience that's as unique as you are.
So take a good look within — this website, Grand Valley, and yourself — and consider how choosing Grand Valley will help you find yourself and what you want from life.
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With student life programming, a variety of student organizations, annual traditions, diversity and inclusion resources, sustainability initiatives, and on-campus space to relax and socialize, you'll always have plenty of opportunities to enjoy college life outside of the classroom.
Students at Grand Valley truly enjoy a vibrant campus life.
A Grand Valley education is a great investment. The return on that investment is that graduates are uniquely prepared with the knowledge, skills, and understanding that employers seek and reward.
At Grand Valley undergraduates do graduate level research, career goals are designed and met, and nearly 90% of recent graduates are employed or pursuing advanced degrees.
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Universal Fit
Ironbuds from Acoustic Forge - under $50 ecobuds
" I am tired of: throwing away earphones, wasting money, and destroying the environment. Ironbuds promised to be an answer to all three - imho they've cracked it. What is surprising is how good they sound. Been waiting a year for Acoustic Forge to release these. I posted in the forums about 8 months ago about them - but Thomas (the CEO) announced they were having some difficulties..." --intelegant
Overboard Pro Sport Waterproof Headphones
100% Waterproof Headphones with comfortable neckband and reactive coiled cable to eliminate tangles during sports. Sound great above and below the waterline and are guaranteed to a depth of 19ft / 6m. You may have seen similar looking (and even more expensive) competitive models, and have probably heard bad reviews about their tinny sounds. Well now watersport enthusiasts don't have to...


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Download the companion content.
For each database:
Download the sample database(s)
Note You can save the .mdf file wherever you like, but one good place is to save it in the default SQL Server databases folder. You need administrator permission to do that. Typically, the local databases folder is C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA.
For each database:
IMPORTANT When using this method to attach, SSMS will by default also search for the .ldf file (which isn't included), causing the attach-process to fail. You must manually remove the .ldf before clicking OK as discussed in the next step.
You can find more instructions related to attaching databases here: This should be an FW link pointing to: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190209.aspx
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The Jobst Relief line is the compression hose that we most often recommend to our clients looking for an more affordable yet effective compression hose. It is soft, comfortable, and durable.
Jobst Relief hose should be replaced after three to six months of normal wear. They start losing their effectiveness after that time. If they seem to be getting looser, than you are not receiving the maximum benefits of their compression strength.
Additional Information as Provided by the Manufacturer:
From the #1 doctor recommended brand of medical compression hosiery, Jobst's Relief line ensures that healthy legs don�t have to be expensive! Jobst Relief provides quality and efficacy at a moderate price.
15-20 mmHg Indication Guide:
Note: These are examples of reasons to wear this level of compression. Please consult with your physician.
Jobst® Medical Legwear
The name Jobst® means effective compression therapy and quality. That is why Jobst is the #1 Physician Recommended brand. Jobst® superior reputation keeps patients and physicians coming back.
While therapy is Jobst's first concern, we realize that comfort and style are also important to you. That is why Jobst offer the sheerest hose in Jobst UltraSheer, the softest in Jobst® Opaque, Jobst® forMen created with men in mind, and Jobst® Relief, the lower cost brand.
Who Wears Jobst?
You can benefit from Jobst compression hosiery whether you suffer from tired aching legs because you spend too much time standing or sitting, or suffer from more serious problems like swelling and venous disease. They fit all genders, shapes and sizes from tall to petite, large frame to small. Jobst offers a wide range of colors and styles to meet your needs. If comfort, health and style are important to you, then you can count on Jobst, the #1 Physician Recommended brand in compression stockings.
Sizing for medical compression stockings is based on the circumferences of the leg. It is best to measure early in the day before swelling occurs.
Donning Suggestions:
Properly fitting Jobst compression stockings should feel snug at first. It may take a few days to adjust to the pressure.
Helpful Hints:
Wear & Care
Wearing Compression for the First Time
The first few times you wear your compression garment you will notice the squeeze. It is OK to begin wearing your stockings gradually. Try wearing them for just a few hours the first day and then increase the number of hours each day until you can wear them comfortably throughout the day while you are up and about. Check your stockings periodically to smooth out any wrinkles as the fabric may move during the day. Remove your stockings before going to bed.
Wearing Compliance
It is important to wear your compression garments everyday. Compression stockings and sleeves manage an on-going problem. When you remove your compression garment the condition responsible for your symptoms is still there. Failure to wear your stockings or lymphedema garment may cause your condition to become more severe.
Hand or machine-wash with warm water and mild soap or detergent, or Jolastic Washing Solution. No chlorine bleach. Warm water rinse. Hang or lay flat to air-dry. May dry in a dryer on low heat or delicate setting. Placing your stockings in a mesh laundry bag will help protect them during the wash cycle.
Special Care for Jobst Thigh High Style Hosiery
The use of skin care products (such as skin creams, body lotion, or powder) as well as various skin types (such as dry or peeling skin) and hair growth may prevent the silicone band from keeping the thigh high in place.
To improve the performance of the silicone band under the above conditions, we recommend the following steps:
2. Before the main wash, thoroughly hand wash the silicone band using a delicate fabric detergent. Concentrate on removing any lotion, powder , hair or other foreign material from the silicone.
3. Follow the "Application and Care Instructions" included in the JobstThigh High package.
Replacing Your Garment
The elastic fibers of your compression garment stockings will break down with wear. Proper care will increase the "life" span of your stockings, but you will need to replace your stockings or sleeve at about every 3-6 months depending on how often you are wearing and how you are caring for your garment. As a general rule, if your garment becomes easy to put on, it probably needs to be replaced.
Please be certain to contact your physician or therapist prior to starting any new compression therapy.
Overnight or 2nd Day shipping is available at an additional charge. Custom ordered or custom dyed Jobst hosiery may not be available for immediate shipment. View full Shipping and Delivery Policy.
This item will ship either UPS or USPS. Please provide a shipping address that can accept deliveries from either service.
Returns and Exchanges: You may try on an item for fit, but it cannot be worn and the original tags must be attached. We will not accept returns or issue refunds on items that have been worn, washed, have the tags removed, stained, smell of smoke, or damaged in any way. Please make sure all tags and packaging are exactly how they were shipped to you. The items must be carefully packed to protect the product and the packaging.
View Return Policy
While we cannot administer medical advice, our Customer Service Team members are available to assist you with the ordering of any compression garment or other medical supplies. Our toll-free number is 1-866-774-9513 Monday through Friday, 9:00 am to 5:00 pm CST (7:00 am to 3:00 pm PST / 10:00 am to 6:00 pm EST). If you prefer to correspond by email, our address is email@example.com.
|Jobst Donning Gloves 100% Cotton with Blue Latex
|Alps Prosthetic Skin Lotion (4 oz.)
|Cover-Roll Stretch Adhesive Bandages Home Page
|Jobst Jolastic Wash 12 oz.
|Lymphoderm Therapeutic Body Lotion (8 oz.)
|Mediven Butler Stocking Aid
|Juzo Adhesive Lotion
John Salvini
Fair Lawn, NJ
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Jobst Compression Socks
November 20, 2015
Good product, Quick delivery, Price is comparable to other sites.
Plant City, Florida
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
September 20, 2013
Very good hose, I have been using these for some time and am never disappointed.
Pros:Good support
Cons:Get runs after awhile, but last quite awhile before.


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I know this is quite off topic, but this is the most intelligent and interesting forum I know, so ...
I've been reading some things about DNA, but nothing seems to answer my questions:
-DNA has "instructions" to create enzymes. These enzymes are then catalyzers of processes in the cell. However, this would mean the order in which the DNA codes appear does not matter, since catalyzers would operate all at once, isn't it? But afaik the order of the codes in DNA should matter, otherwise it wouldn't contain a lot of information. What am I understanding wrongly here?
-Apart from the ability of copying itself (which is needed to copy cells of course), DNA/enzymes also have functions for modifying DNA, like splitting or adding bases. What is the point of those, shouldn't DNA mainly have instructions that determine the shape of the organism or cells rather than itself?
-DNA determines processes within a single cell. Every cell of the organism has the same DNA. However, it affects the shape of the complete organism, and in differnt locations in the organism are different types of cells. How can something that is the same in every cell and only affects processes in a single cell, determine the whole shape of a complete organism with billions of cells?


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A Night in Karkalou
Trip Start Oct 26, 2006
81Trip End Aug 2007
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I remember it was May 28th (my dad's birthday), and it was our first day of real rain. Real rain, meaning thunder, lighting, buckets of rain, the works. We managed to escape one massive cloud by hiding under some trees til it passed, then made a run for it before the next one hit. With only 15 km to go, we didn't escape the next one, so when we arrived cold and wet in Karkalou, Seth went to the only supermarket (a mini-mart at the local gas station) while I went to call dad to wish him a happy birthday. Unfortunately the only payphone wouldn't work with our calling card. Anyhow, Seth came over to say he'd need help deciding on dinner with the limited choices at the gas station. After a quick glance over the 15 or so choices of canned goods and other odds and ends, we decided on tuna-mac. With a can of tuna (in oil, of course), pasta, some sheep cheese from Crete, 2 big, cold bottles of Amstel and some chocolatey-wafer things for dessert, we headed off to make the last 2km to our campsite in our complete bonking state. Upon arrival, we must have been the most pitiful sight ever. The owner of the campground came out the door of the reception to greet us. We asked "Camping?", his reply "No", then followed by a big grin, meaning "just kidding!". He was elated to hear that we were American, as his best friend lives in Nevada. He was probably also happy to see some foreigners other than Germans. Nothing against Germans, we love them, it's just that every campsite we arrive at is like little-Germany. So anyhow, seeing as we were wet, cold and absolutely starving, and didn't have a warm, dry motorhome hiding in our Ortlieb bags, he insisted we stay in one of his "caravans", for the same price as it would be with our tent (~15 euros). Going around the corner of the building, I cringed at the sight of the miniscule, rusty old camper that he was proposing. My first reaction in my head was "No, I'll take my wet tent over a spider-infested rust bucket, thank you." But in reality the camper had been completely redone on the inside with wood paneling, a simple table, a cozy bed and lots of WARM blankets. So we quickly stripped out of our wet clothes, had HOT showers, put on all our warm clothes, had some hot tea, then made the most amazing tuna-mac dinner ever. The tuna-mac and Amstel beer combination has been likely our most satisfying meal of the trip so far, probably due to our dehydrated and bonking state we were in at the time.


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Isn't Iowa down to like their 6th string running back?
Winter 2010: Jeff Brinson transfers to Central Florida. Brinson had one carry for seven yards in 2009.
Winter 2010: Josh Brown transfers to Murray State. Brown did not play in 2009.
Summer 2010: Brandon Wegher leaves for personal reasons and later transfers. Wegher rushed for 641 yards and eight touchdowns as a freshman in 2009.
Fall 2010: Jewel Hampton leaves after a slew of injuries and an arrest that summer. Hampton rushed for 463 yards and seven touchdowns as a freshman in 2008, missed 2009 and rushed for 114 yards and one score in 2010.
Winter 2011: Adam Robinson is dismissed after being charged with possession of marijuana the day before the team's Insight Bowl appearance. Robinson rushed for 834 yards and five touchdowns in 2009 and 941 yards and 10 touchdowns in 2010.
Winter 2012: Mika'il McCall transfers to Southern Illinois after being suspended for violating unspecified team rules in the fall. McCall rushed for 69 yards on 11 carries in 2011.
Winter 2012: Marcus Coker transfers to Stony Brook after an investigation without charges for alleged sexual assault during the fall. Coker rushed for 622 yards and three touchdowns in 2010 and 1,384 yards and 15 touchdowns in 2011.
Spring 2012: Jordan Canzeri tears his ACL during a closed practice. Canzeri had 31 carries for 114 yards and a receiving touchdown in 2011.
Summer 2012: De'Andre Johnson is dismissed after being arrested twice in three days. Johnson rushed 18 times for 79 yards in 2011.
Summer 2012: Barkley Hill tears his ACL. He had no college carries.
What happened to Michigan st?
Michigan is going to beat that arse next week
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Updated on 31 January 2014
Bangalore India BIO 2014 - Curtain Raiser
Bangalore: The Department of Information Technology, Bio-Technology and Science & Technology, Government of Karnataka, Vision Group on Biotechnology and MM Activ Sci-Tech Communications today provided an heads-up on the exciting happening at the Bangalore INDIA BIO (BIB) 2014 from February 10th to 12th 2014 at The Lalit Ashok, Bengaluru. The 14th edition of Bangalore INDIA BIO will feature conferences, business meetings and an international exhibition that focuses on the core theme "Biotech for a Better Tomorrow."
The curtain raiser event was presided by Shri. S.R.Patil, Hon'ble Minister for IT, BT and S&T, Planning & Statistics, Govt. of Karnataka and the key aspects of the event were shared by Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairperson, Karnataka's Vision Group on Biotechnology & CMD - Biocon Ltd and Mr. Srivatsa Krishna, IAS, Secretary to Government, Department of Information Technology, Biotechnology and Science & Technology and DPAR (e-Governance), Government of Karnataka.
The event will be inaugurated on the February 10th 2014 by Shri Siddaramaiah - Hon'ble Chief Minister of Karnataka, in the presence of Professor Sir John Gurdon, Nobel Laureate for the year 2012 in Physiology or Medicine, Em. Prof. Dr. Marc Van Montagu, 2013 World food prize Winner, Shri S.R. Patil - Hon'ble Minister for Information Technology, Biotechnology and Science & Technology; Planning and Statistics, Government of Karnataka, Mr. Ian Felton - Deputy High Commissioner, UK, Prof. K. VijayRaghavan - Secretary, Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, Dr. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw - Chairperson, Karnataka´s Vision Group on Biotechnology and CMD, Biocon Ltd., Shri Kaushik Mukherjee, IAS - Chief Secretary, Government of Karnataka and Shri. Srivatsa Krishna, IAS - Secretary to Government, Department of IT, BT and S&T and DPAR (e-Governance) Government of Karnataka.
Besides the Multi-Track Conferences, International Tradeshow, Distinguished Lectures and Talks, Bangalore INDIA BIO 2014 will also feature B2B meetings, CEO Conclave, presentation of the Bio Excellence Awards, finals of the BioQuiz, business delegation meetings & other networking events.
There is strong International participation from nearly 20 countries with large Delegations from Scotland, UK, EU, Neurosciences Victoria, Atlanta - Georgia, Korea and Malaysia. A session on Research, Innovation and Higher Education Cooperation & Opportunities between India and The European Union and a special focus on developing strategic relationships between India and Melbourne in Neuroscience will be held. Emory vaccine Center will hold a session on exploring further Indo-US as well as Global Partnerships for Vaccine Research and the UK Trade and Investment (UKTI) will hold a session on collaborative opportunities with India, amongst other topics.
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To celebrate the 17th anniversary of its legendary Web server Apache HTTP Server the Apache Foundation released version 2.4 of the server today. It's the first major update since version 2.2 in 2006 (there was a 2.3, but it was only released as a beta). According to the announcement, the new version adds several features that make the application more suitable for cloud environments.
The new features include:
- Improved performance (lower resource utilization and better concurrency)
- Reduced memory usage
- Asyncronous I/O support
- Dynamic reverse proxy configuration
- Performance on par, or better, than pure event-driven Web servers
- More granular timeout and rate/resource limiting capability
- More finely-tuned caching support, tailored for high traffic servers and proxies.
You can find more details on the new features here.
The asynchronous i/o support and reduced memory is particularly relevant as alternative Web servers as nginx and those written in Node.js increase in popularity. Apache has come to be seen as slow and bloated compared to newer servers like nginx, lighttpd and LiteSpeed. As we reported in January, nginx is one of the fastest growing open source projects in the enterprise while HTTP Server is trending flat, according to research conducted by OpenLogic. We've also seen a rise of language specific servers like Node.js, Mongrel and MochiWeb.
Which isn't to say that HTTP Server is in any immediate danger – it's a venerable Web server and is still by far the most popular Web server in the world according to research conducted by Netcraft (here's Netcraft's data at the time HTTP Server 2.2 was released). But it's great to see Apache updating to keep up with the changing nature of the Web. According to a presentation given by Jim Jagielski at ApacheCon 2011, Apache's own benchmarking puts 2.4 on par with nginx for concurrency.
I'm also interested in the improved caching support, since many people who still use Apache couple it with Varnish Cache to squeeze nginx-like performance out of it. Here are the mod_cache updates from the documentation:
The mod_cache CACHE filter can be optionally inserted at a given point in the filter chain to provide fine control over caching.
mod_cache can now cache HEAD requests.
Where possible, mod_cache directives can now be set per directory, instead of per server.
The base URL of cached URLs can be customised, so that a cluster of caches can share the same endpoint URL prefix.
mod_cache is now capable of serving stale cached data when a backend is unavailable (error 5xx).
mod_cache can now insert HIT/MISS/REVALIDATE into an X-Cache header.
In short, this is a major update for HTTP Server and brings it more in line with the demands of next generation websites.


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- 6 years ago by Lucia Peters
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Last week we discovered that celebrities like to write novels. But you know what they like to write even more than novels? Children's books! And what better way to introduce your wee ones to the hilarity of celebrity culture than with these 15 kid's books penned by the likes of Ricky Gervais, Julianne Moore, Bob Dylan, and Perez Hilton? Here's what I want to know: When is the Britney Spears children's book about haircare appreciation happening? More


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It's been some time I haven't updated my diary. Due is for today.
I'm happily finishing my move. It was time consuming but gael went fine. Seems some people start being interested in. It starts being usable and this is cool.
Gnome2 starts working well which is another cool thing :)
2002 starts as a nice year. Hope this will keep on going.


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By Sarah Robinson/NEMS Daily Journal
Apparently, a lack of culinary training hasn't hindered Amanda Hayden from creating a popular lunch restaurant and coffee shop in downtown Tupelo.
"I actually cannot stand to cook, but I love food. …sandwiches are easy," she said.
The owner and operator of Cafe 212, Amanda and her husband, Jason Hayden, serve lunch to a faithful crowd – some so committed they have their own sandwiches on the menu.
This month, to celebrate their seven years in business, the Haydens are featuring special sandwiches named after some of their favorite customers.
The Haydens met when they were 12 and ended up neighbors about as many years later. Just shortly after they married, Amanda decided to open the Main Street eatery when the then-proprietor decided to call it quits. Amanda bought the equipment from the owner and opened shortly thereafter.
Although she claims to have no 'culinary' skills, she and her mother created most of the menu items through the process of trial and error. Some local favorites include white cheddar pimento cheese, two kinds of chicken salad and their homemade chocolate chip-peanut butter pie.
Cafe 212 hopes to expand its work space soon. The small preparation area has made filling large catering orders somewhat tricky, but the pair have managed jobs as big as 300 people.
OWNERS: Amanda and Jason Hayden
ADDRESS: 212 W. Main St., Tupelo
HOURS: Coffee served Monday -Thursday 7:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Friday 7:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. Lunch served Monday-Friday 11 a.m. to 2 p.m.
ESTABLISHED: April 3, 2006
ONLINE: www.cafe212tupelo.com
The Sunday Journal spotlights a locally owned business. To nominate a business, contact Dennis Seid at (662) 678-1578 or email@example.com.


text: Sort files in your tarball by file type, not name. For a moderately mixed case like gnome-games bringing similar files together knocks 3% off the compressed file size (both gzip and bzip2). The trade-off is of course that bouncing randomly between directories is a great way to negate the effectiveness of the directory cache while decompressing.


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Cub Scout™ Lightweight Sleeping BagOriginal Price:$39.99 Current Price: $24.98Summer-weight bag is great for warm-weather camping, sleepovers, and backyard campouts! Cozy, mummy design features a large, gold Cub Scout™ logo on the navy bag. Learn More
Cub Scout™ School Bag$19.99Perfect for Scouting outings, it's also cool for school! This bag is built tough and true blue . . . just made for Cub Scouts' active lives. Generous interior capacity accommodates schoolbooks, camping supplies, sleepover stuff, and much more. Exterior features Cub Scout™ logo plus reflective taping for added safety. Learn More
Cub Scout™ Logo Camp ChairOriginal Price:$19.99 Current Price: $11.98Made to take the Cub Scout treatment, with sturdy anodized aluminum tube frame and 125-lb. weight capacity, plus back, seat, and arms made of durable 600D polyester. Mesh panels help chair dry quickly if caught in the rain or left outside. Straps on back let you adjust arms as your Cub Scout grows! Navy with Cub Scout™ logo on chair back. Imported. Learn More
Cub Scout™ CamelBak® Bottle — .4 L$12.99Just the right size... with just the right bite! Combining the patented CamelBak® Big Bite™ Valve with a stem tube and shut-off valve, this detachable one-piece component is simple for kids to use and easy for parents to clean. Hydration Capacity: 12 oz (.4 L). Includes the CamelBak® Got Your Bak™ Guarantee: If we built it, we'll Bak it™ with our lifetime guarantee. Learn More