text:
The UN needs to get out of our country. Completely corrupt and worthless.
The UN needs to get out of our country. Completely corrupt and worthless.
Why do we need the UN to help us determine what our country should do?
"I love the rod and gun and where they take me."
"Do not judge a man until you have walked two moons in his moccasins."
jim de hunter...sometimes you have to look beyond the words written to see the truth, after "reading the UN document" I did a bit of digging...this UN deal smells to high heaven! Source: Keys to Liberty - AmericanIdeals
In the secondsession the United Nations Small Arms Treaty passes.It was obvious that it would, as Media Matters (George Soros) and Oxfam AmericaOrg. (Rockefeller Fund) have been silent on the issue for a few months aftermuch promotion.
In theconference, the United States and Israel both agreed they wished todisassociate themselves from preambular paragraph 11 of the Programme ofAction, relating to the right to self-determination of people under foreignoccupation. This of course relates toGaza and the West Bank as Israel believes Erez Greater Israel belongs to them. It encompasses parts of Egypt, Jordan, SaudiArabia, Iraq and Syria.
It is interestingto note, the delegations agreed to strengthen the action programmesimplementation at the national, regional and global levels over theperiod 2012-2018.
On follow-upmeasures, they decided to hold a one-week biennial meeting of States in 2014and 2016, and a one-week open-ended meeting of governmental experts in 2015 toconsider the Programme of Actions full and effective implementation.
Over the next fewyears something is needed to fully implement this treaty by 2018. Each twoyears they will meet to see how the treaty has been complied with. This means newstatutes in place at the federal level, further restricting the right to keep andbear arms. An assault weapons ban, large capacity magazine ban and stripperclips ban are just around the corner.
I absolutely agree with this. I've been telling everybody for years to "follow the money". Figure out how somebody will make money on something, and then you'll figure out why things happen. For example, the only reason that we don't have a national health care that works in such a way that a lot of people go broke using it is because the insurance companies - the only entities making any money on the current system - can't figure out how to make more money on it. The insurance companies make a ton of money on the current system so it's not going to change a whole lot no matter what the Obamacare law says. The insurance companies, through their lobbying efforts, will slowly dismantle Obamacare piece by piece until what we get barely resembles what was passed in 2010.
That's been my whole point all along about gun control since Sandy Hook. The political pundits that I listened to said at the outset that Obama knew that he has no real chance of getting any real gun control through Congress but that he would offer up some bill just to appease the advocates. And guess what!!! -- no real gun control is going to get through Congress. So, for those of you who demand that "Obama is going to take our guns!", get some perspective and realize that Obama knows he can't get them and he won't get them until somebody with money figures out a way to make money by taking our guns.
AMEN, Julie. It was a loser way back when Woodrow proposed it as the "League of Nations". It's been an albatross around the neck of the USA since its inception. Like you say, time to get rid of it. Stick it in one of the ignominious waste lands that the Secretary usually comes from...let them support it, while we get rid of all those sanctamonious yin-yangs that continue to rip off the US, commit crimes, and then claim 'diplomatic immunity'.
I'll bet you'd get lots of squealing from that phoney mayor in the big apple, and the Gov of NY state. Talk about following the money, eh?
When the one you love becomes a memory, that memory becomes a treasure.
Nice attempt at a diversion. Yes, your feelings about the UN are clear and consistent. Did you find any language to confirm claims of infringement of private citizens' rights in the treaty?
The hopes and dreams of Lucis publishing ,,,( originally in 1922 established by Alice Baily as Lucifer Trust) has finally arrived in full bloom.
Last edited by Pete; 04-23-2013 at 07:11 AM.
Ephesians 6:12
For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.
Psalms 12: 8
The wicked walk on every side when the vilest men are exulted
Isaiah 5:20 Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!


text:
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Though 3 miles and 11 years separate the shootings at Deer Creek Middle School from the infamous attack at Columbine High, old wounds were opened again this week.
"I was shocked to see that (a shooting) would happen again, especially in Littleton, because it seems like a nice, quiet little town," Columbine High senior Kelci Brady said Wednesday, a day after a gunman shot two students at Deer Creek. "You never know when something is going to happen or who is going to do it — it's not like you can keep it from happening."
Math teacher David Benke grabbed the gunman and told him his reign of terror was over. Assistant principal Becky Brown seized the high-powered rifle and tossed it away.
The two staff members at Deer Creek Middle School began the day Feb. 23 as educators. But they ended it as heroes.
Both spoke to the media Wednesday morning in a news conference at district headquarters.
Deer Creek Middle School parents and district officials are praising the response to the Feb. 23 shootings outside the school.
HUDSON — "To 'criminal mind' Bo," says the inscription on a picture of the 2005 Broncos cheerleaders in the bedroom of Bruco Eastwood, who is suspected of shooting two Deer Creek Middle School students on Tuesday.
War Eagle Eastwood, Bruco's father, on Wednesday sat at his dining room table, his eyes shiny, and talked about his troubled son.
"He's a grown man, but it's just hard," he said. "He's still my kid."
Just days after the Deer Creek Middle School shootings, several Littleton schools were locked down after firearms were reported missing from the home of an area resident.
On the morning of Feb. 26 about 7:30 a.m., administrators at Options High School, Euclid Middle School and The Pathways decided to lock down all three schools, which share a campus, in response to a report filed with the Littleton Police Department about two stolen guns. The lock down ended about 9:30 a.m.
Classes resumed Monday at Deer Creek Middle School, as students and faculty took a small step toward normalcy on a campus riddled by gunfire just days before.
A gunman opened fire Feb. 23 outside the school and wounded two students before faculty members tackled and disarmed him. It was a day hauntingly familiar to a community still in the shadows of the attacks at Columbine and Platte Canyon high schools.
The Jefferson County School District is warning parents that rumors on social networking sites about threats to other schools in the district are not true. District officials are urging students to share only information that is factually based.
A 32-year-old gunman opened fire Tuesday afternoon outside Deer Creek Middle School, wounding two students, before faculty members tackled and disarmed him.
Bruco Strongeagle Eastwood, who is accused of shooting the students with a high-powered rifle, was quickly subdued by faculty members and held down until he was taken into custody by the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office. Math teacher David Benke reportedly tackled the suspect, and at least two other adults assisted.
The suspect in Tuesday's shooting at Deer Creek Middle School, 32-year-old Bruco Strongeagle Eastwood, was advised shortly after 11 a.m. Wednesday of a $1 million bond and the possible charges against him.
Eastwood could be charged with two counts of attempted murder in the shooting, which sent two students to local hospitals, critically injuring 14-year-old Matthew Thieu. Other charges may also be filed, though a spokeswoman for the Jeffco district attorney's office said she could not comment on any upcoming charges.
Members of a local church mustered some gusto Feb. 15 and assembled more than 1,000 hygiene kits to be sent to Haiti.
About 80 volunteers bustled about in the warm glow of stained glass on Presidents Day at Faith Community Church in South Jeffco, forming assembly lines to pack toothbrushes, soap and other basic-needs items into plastic bags.
Copyright © 2017
Columbine Courier is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in South Jefferson County, Colo., and the surrounding area.

subset: commoncrawl


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 16, 2006
|Filing date
|Aug 26, 2004
|Priority date
|Nov 13, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Leonard Hayden, Scott Rumbaugh, Mike Andrews
|Original Assignee
|Cascade Microtech, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (1), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/712,579 filed on Nov. 12, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,806,724, which is a division of application Ser. No. 10/294,130, filed Nov. 13, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,724,205 B1.
The present invention relates to probe measurement systems for measuring the electrical characteristics of integrated circuits and other microelectronic devices tested by simultaneously applying a direct current and a modulation signal to the device-under-test.
There are many types of probing assemblies that have been developed for measuring the characteristics of integrated circuits and other forms of microelectronic devices. One representative type of assembly uses a circuit card on which are formed elongate conductive traces that serve as signal and ground lines. A central opening is formed in the card, and a needle-like probe tip is attached to the end of each trace adjacent the opening so that a radially extending array of downwardly converging needle-like tips is presented by the assembly for selective connection with the closely spaced contact pads of the microelectronic device being tested. A probe assembly of this type is shown, for example, in Harmon U.S. Pat. No. 3,445,770. This type of probing assembly, however, is unsuitable for use at higher frequencies, including microwave frequencies in the gigahertz range, because at such frequencies the needle-like tips act as inductive elements and because there are no adjoining elements present to suitably counteract this inductance with a capacitive effect in a manner that would create a broadband characteristic of more or less resistive effect. Accordingly, a probing assembly of the type just described is unsuitable for use at microwave frequencies due to the high levels of signal reflection and substantial inductive losses that occur at the needle-like probe tips.
One type of probing assembly that is capable of providing a controlled-impedance low-loss path between its input terminal and the probe tips is illustrated in Godshalk et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,515. The probe has a tip assembly including a semi-rigid coaxial cable with a Teflon™ dielectric and a freely-suspended end. An inner finger and an outer pair of fingers are mounted on the freely-suspended end of the cable. Each of the fingers is made of resilient conductive material, so as to form a coplanar transmission line. Cantilevered portions of the fingers extend past the end of the cable to form an air-dielectric transmission path of uniform and stable characteristics despite exposure to numerous contact cycles. The fingers provide a suitable means for probing nonplanar wafer contact pads while promoting good visibility in the area of the contact pads. The characteristic impedance of typical microwave probes and cables is approximately 50 ohms closely matching the impedance of the typical microwave device-under-test (DUT) so broadband signals can travel through the probe with minimal loss.
However, when testing certain devices, such as laser diodes, the use of a typical microwave probe is problematic. Laser diode testing requires simultaneous application of a modulation signal and a DC electrical current to a contact pad of the device to generate a modulated light output. For testing, the modulation signal is typically a swept frequency sinusoid (AC) or a wide bandwidth pulsed waveform. The DC and modulation signals are superimposed and the combined signals are conducted to a contact tip of a probe in selective engagement with the contact pad of the DUT. Typically, the impedance seen by the modulation signal, the dynamic resistance of an active laser diode, for example, is on the order of five ohms. As a result, there is a significant impedance mismatch with the typical microwave probe and cable and the mismatched impedance distorts the modulation signal measured by the test instrumentation. While some instrumentation, such as a Vector Network analyzer (VNA), can be calibrated to correct for distortion, the distortion can substantially affect measurements made with other instrumentation. Further, the distortion can have a magnitude sufficient to attenuate the modulation signal at some frequencies, causing a loss of dynamic range and accuracy for the measurements, even when made with a VNA.
To improve the impedance matching and reduce distortion of the modulation signal, an impedance matching resistor can be installed in series with the contact tip of a microwave probe. For testing laser diodes, the typical series impedance matching resistor has a value of 45 ohms, which in series with the five ohm dynamic resistance of a typical laser diode, provides a satisfactory impedance match with the probes and cables (=50 ohms) to substantially reduce distortion of the test signals. Resistors with other values can be incorporated into the probe to match impedance when testing other types of devices. However, since the modulation signal and the DC current are superimposed on the same conductor, both signals must pass through the series impedance-matching resistor which dissipates power equal to the product of the resistance and the square of the current. For DUTs requiring higher current levels, the power that must be dissipated by the resistor is substantial. On the other hand, to pass high frequency signals, the resistor must small in size and the distance between the resistor and the contact tip must be short to minimize parasitic series inductance and shunt capacitance. The performance of a probe with a series impedance matching resistor is compromised by the competing necessities of sufficient resistance to match the impedance of the probe and cables and minimized resistance to minimize the voltage drop and the power dissipated by the resistor.
What is desired, therefore, is a probing system and method having minimal resistance to minimize voltage drop and power dissipation combined with adequate resistance to match the impedance of the probe and cables to minimize modulation signal distortion when a direct current and a modulated signal are simultaneously applied to a DUT.
On-wafer testing of certain devices requires the simultaneous application of direct current and a modulated signal to conductive contact pads on the wafer that correspond to the device-under-test (DUT). For example, to test a laser diode on a wafer, a DC current and a modulation signal are simultaneously applied to a contact pad for the diode. The DC current provides the power for generating light and the modulation signal varies lasing intensity to produce a modulated light output. For testing, the modulation signal is typically a swept frequency sinusoid (AC) or a wide bandwidth pulsed waveform. When testing a laser diode, the dynamic resistance of the operating diode which is typically on the order of five ohms is the impedance seen by the modulation signal. On the other hand, the typical microwave probe and cable has an impedance of approximately 50 ohms. As a result of the significant impedance mismatch, the modulation signal will be distorted. Some test instrumentation, such as a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), can compensate for some signal distortion, but distortion compensation is not possible with other instrumentation. Further, the distortion may cause attenuation of the signal at certain frequencies adversely affecting the dynamic range and accuracy of measurements even when performed with a VNA.
To improve the impedance matching and reduce distortion of the modulation signal, a resistor can be incorporated into the tip of the probe. For example, an impedance matching resistor with a value of 45 ohms in series with the five ohm dynamic resistance of a typical operating laser diode provides a satisfactory impedance match with typical microwave probes and cables and substantially reduces signal distortion. However, since the modulation signal and the DC current are superimposed on the same conductor, both signals must pass through the series impedance-matching resistor resulting in a voltage drop and dissipation of power substantially equal to the product of the resistance and the square of the DC current. For devices requiring high current levels, the power that is dissipated by the resistor is substantial. However, to minimize parasitic series inductance and shunt capacitance of the probe, the size of the resistor must be minimized, limiting its capacity to dissipate power. Probe performance must be compromised to satisfy the competing requirements imposed on the impedance-matching resistor. Decreasing the resistance reduces the amount of power that is dissipated by the resistor but increases the impedance mismatch and the signal distortion. On the other hand, increasing the size of the resistor increases its capacity to dissipate power but also increases its inductance and capacitance and, consequently, the distortion of the modulation signal. The present inventor concluded that the performance of a probe applying a combined DC current and modulation signal to a DUT could be improved if the signal paths could be separated so that the modulated signal was transmitted over a signal path having a matched impedance while the DC current flow was transmitted over a signal path with minimal resistance to minimize loss and power dissipation.
Referring in detail to the drawings wherein similar parts of the invention are identified by like reference numerals, and more particularly to
On the other hand, the modulation signal, generated by the instrumentation 26 of the probing system 20, is transmitted to a DC block 50. The DC block 50 comprises, generally, series capacitance that blocks the flow of DC current into the instrumentation 26 over the conductor that connects the instrumentation 26 to the combined signal probe 40. From the DC block 50 the modulation signal is transmitted to the second input port 48 of the combined signal probe 40 which is conductively connected to a first port 53 of an impedance-matching resistor 52. The second port 54 of the impedance matching resistor 52 is conductively connected to the signal contact tip 44 of the probe. A second contact pad 56 of the DUT 22 is grounded 58 through a ground contact tip 45 of the combined signal probe 40. The signal contact tip 44 and the ground contact tip 45 are arranged to simultaneously selectively engage, respectively, the signal contact pad 46 and the ground contact pad 56 of the DUT 22.
In the probing system 20, the modulation signal sees a termination comprising the impedance-matching resistor 52 in series with the parallel combination of the dynamic resistance of the DUT and the impedance seen looking from the first input port 42 back toward the bias tee 30. If the termination resistor 34 has a resistance matching the impedance of the connection between the bias tee 30 and the combined signal probe 40 then the impedance at the DUT is equal to the impedance of the connection between the bias tee and the combined signal probe. Typically, the connection between the bias tee 30 and the combined signal probe 40 comprises coaxial cable with an impedance of approximately 50 ohms. Since the impedance of the DUT is typically substantially less (typically, five ohms for a laser diode) than the impedance looking into the coaxial cable connection toward the bias tee 30, the parallel combination of impedances is dominated by the smaller impedance and the modulation signal path is approximately match terminated, minimizing distortion of the modulation signal. On the other hand, the signal path of the DC current powering the DUT does not pass through the impedance-matching resistor 52 so losses in the impedance-matching resistor are minimized. The probing system 20 permits a modulation signal to be transmitted to the DUT 22 over a first signal path that includes an impedance matching resistor 52 while a direct current is simultaneously transmitted to the DUT over a second signal path that does not traverse the impedance matching resistor.
Referring to
The DC current is transmitted from the first bias tee 64 to a second bias tee 66. The combined signal (DC/RF) port of the second bias tee 66 is connected to the second input port of the probe 42 which is conductively connected to a DC signal probe 76 arranged to engage the signal contact pad 46 of the DUT 22 when the modulation signal probe 72 is in engagement with the signal contact pad. An impedance matched termination for the modulation signal imposed on the conductor connecting the second bias tee 66 to the DC signal probe 76 is provided by a termination resistor 74 connected to the RF port of the second bias tee 66. As in the first embodiment, the modulation signal is applied to the signal contact pad 46 of the DUT 22 over a distortion minimizing impedance matched signal path while the DC current is simultaneously applied to the signal contact pad over a signal path that does not include the impedance matching resistor and, therefore, minimizes power dissipation.
Referring to
Referring to
With respect to its overall construction, the wafer probe 100 includes a primary support block 112 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is made of brass and which is suitably constructed for connection to the probe-supporting member 102. To effect this connection, a round opening 114 that is formed on the block is snugly fitted slidably onto an alignment pin (not shown) that upwardly projects from the probe-supporting member, and a pair of fastening screws 116 are inserted into a corresponding pair of countersunk openings 118 provided on the block for screwing engagement with the probe-supporting member, each within a respective threaded opening formed on that member.
As illustrated in
In the preferred embodiment shown in
To prepare the rearward ends of the cables 124, 150 for connection to the appropriate K-connector, the rearward end is stripped to expose the inner conductor, and this inner conductor is temporarily held inside a dummy connector while the adjacent outer conductor is soldered within a bore 140, 152 formed in the primary support block 112. A recess 142 that is formed in the block below this bore provides access to facilitate the soldering process. The dummy connector is then removed and the K-connectors are screwably installed in threaded openings 144 formed on the block above the bore so as to effect electrical connection between the connectors and the coaxial cables 124,150. A thread locking compound may be applied to the threads of the K-connectors prior to their installation to ensure a tight physical connection.
Referring to
As illustrated in
Prior to its connection to the K-connector of the input port 120, a semicylindrical recess 202 is formed in each of the cables 124, 150 adjacent their forward ends as shown in FIG. 7. This recess is formed by making a longitudinal cut through the cable and by making a transverse cut at the end of the longitudinal cut. In accordance with this procedure, a semicylindrical portion of the outer conductor 130, the inner dielectric 128, and the inner conductor 126 are removed, as so that the remaining portions of these elements together form a flat shelf 204 that extends to the forward end of the cable as well as a back face 206 that extends crosswise in relation to the length of the cable.
Referring to
To a certain extent, the spacing between the respective fingers 252 a, 252 b, and 250 is determined by the geometry of the device contact pads and the cable. For example, in relation to the distal ends of the respective fingers, the pitch or centerline-to-centerline spacing 270 between adjacent pairs of the fingers is selected in order to match the pitch 270 of the contact pads on the device-under-test. The distal ends of the pair of fingers may be set apart at a pitch of 6 mils in order to match the 6 mil pitch of 2 mil square contact pads on a device-under-test. (It is also customary for the pad-to-pad pitch to be set at other values such as 4, 5, 8 or 10 mils). On the other hand, proximate the back face 204 of the cable 124, the pitch between adjacent fingers is selected to correspond with the pitch between the exposed face of the inner conductor 126 and the adjacent exposed face of the outer conductor 130 of the cable 124.
Aside from the dimensions just mentioned, the principal criteria used in selecting the respective dimensions and relative spacing of the fingers 250, 252 a,252 b is the desired establishment of a low-loss transmission line between the respective conductors 126 and 130 of the cable and the respective pads on the DUT.
The distal end 272 of the central finger 250 comprises the signal contact tip 44 and the distal ends of the outer fingers 252 a, 252 b are connected to ground through the outer conductor 130 of the coaxial cable 124. The three fingers are attached to the cable near the end of the cable 124 by a non-conductive adhesive 276, such as an epoxy adhesive. At the end of the fingers remote from the contact tips, the center finger 250 is affixed to the center conductor 126 and the outer contact tips 252 a,252 b are affixed to the outer conductor 130 of the coaxial cable. Referring to
As illustrated in
Referring to
The combined signal probe, probe system, and the method of probing permits a DC current and a modulation signal to be transmitted in parallel for combination at the probe signal contact tip so that impedance matching can be applied to the modulation signal path to reduce signal distortion while resistance is minimized in the path of the DC signal to minimize voltage drop and power dissipation.
The detailed description, above, sets forth numerous specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid obscuring the present invention.
All the references cited herein are incorporated by reference.
The terms and expressions that have been employed in the foregoing specification are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the scope of the invention is defined and limited only by the claims that follow.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 30, 1984
|Sep 29, 1987
|Cascade Microtech, Inc.
|Wafer probe
|Mar 21, 1988
|Jan 2, 1990
|Semitest, Inc.
|Apparatus for making surface photovoltage measurements of a semiconductor
|Jul 20, 1994
|Apr 9, 1996
|Cascade Microtech, Inc.
|High-frequency probe tip assembly
|May 28, 1999
|Apr 3, 2001
|The Aerospace Corporation
|Baseband time-domain waveform measurement method
|Jul 24, 1998
|Apr 10, 2001
|Smith, Iii Richard S.
|Photonic field probe and calibration means thereof
|Feb 25, 1999
|Apr 17, 2001
|Formfactor, Inc.
|High bandwidth passive integrated circuit tester probe card assembly
|Aug 18, 1999
|Aug 14, 2001
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Test device for testing a module for a data carrier intended for contactless communication
|Mar 20, 2001
|Aug 12, 2003
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Method and apparatus for measuring characteristic of specimen and its application to high frequency response measurement with scanning probe microscopes
|Title not available
|Title not available
|"Air Coplanar(TM) Probe Series," 2000, Cascade Microtech Inc., Beaverton Oregon.
|"Electro-Optical Component Test," 2001, Cascade Microtech Inc., Beaverton, Oregon.
|"Laser Diode Test Solution," unknown, www.cascademicrotech.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/pg.view/pID/136, Cascade Microtech Inc., Beaverton, Oregon.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 5, 2005
|Feb 8, 2007
|Vanwiggeren Gregory D
|Measurement system having modulated laser source
|U.S. Classification
|324/754.07, 324/500
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 26, 2004
Owner name: CASCADE MICROTECH, INC., OREGON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HAYDEN, LEONARD;RUMBAUGH, SCOTT;ANDREWS, MIKE;REEL/FRAME:015745/0532;SIGNING DATES FROM 20021101 TO 20021104
|Apr 1, 2008
|Certificate of correction
|Dec 21, 2009
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 16, 2010
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 6, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20100516


text:
City College at Wilshire
CCW Closing: Details
City College at Wilshire provides another convenient location for the community to access college transfer and professional development courses as well as ESL and more. The Center is located on the 2nd Floor at 3020 Wilshire Blvd., just east of Vermont Ave., between Virgil and Westmoreland.
Non-Credit and Customized Training Programs in:
- Citizenship & Civics
- English as a Second Language
- English & Math Fundamentals
- Retail
- Workplace Success
|Who May Apply?
|What About Fees?
|Additional Information
|How Do I Apply?
|What About Financial Aid?
|How Do I Enroll in Classes?
|What About Books?
Driving Directions to City College at Wilshire [PDF]
Who May Apply for Admission?
A high school graduate, or
A person who is eighteen years of age or older who can benefit from instruction, or
A student under eighteen years of age and not a high school graduate, under special programs.
You do not need to be a US Citizen to apply. However, to qualify as a California resident, for tuition purposes, you are required to have a status that allows you to establish California residence prior to the Residence Determination Date. The "Residence Determination Date" is that day immediately preceding the opening day of instruction of the semester, summer session or winter intersession.
How Do I Apply?
1. You may obtain an Application for Admission:
• on the web at www.lacitycollege.edu
• at the City College at Wilshire Office – 3020 Wilshire Blvd, 2nd Floor, Wilshire Plaza (corner of Virgil Ave.)
• at the Student Assistance Center (AD 105) on the main LACC campus (855 N. Vermont Ave. near Melrose)
2. Applications may be submitted:
• in person at the main campus Admissions Office
• in person at the Wilshire Center
• online at www.lacitycollege.edu
3. When submitting your application in person, please bring proof of your Social Security number to establish a college identification number. However, if you do not wish to use your Social Security number, you may request a college ID number instead.
How Do I Enroll in Classes?
New Students: After submitting your application online or at the main campus Admissions Office (AD 100), you will receive an enrollment appointment. You may enroll in classes by phone or internet anytime after your appointment date/time. If you submit your application in person at City College at Wilshire, you will be able to enroll immediately.
You must then make an appointment to take the college assessment test. The assessment test helps determine the correct level of English and Math classes you should take. Please allow one hour for the ESL assessment test, and three hours for the English/Math assessment test.
Assessment testing will be available on the main campus. Students must make an appointment to take a placement test. To make an appointment, go to AD 103 or schedule it online at http://www.lacitycollege.edu/services/counsel/counselingonlineappts.html.
Continuing Students: If you have taken classes at LACC in the last two semesters, you will receive a registration appointment postcard in the mail. You may enroll in classes by phone or internet anytime after your appointment date/time. You may also enroll at the City College at Wilshire on the first day of class.
Returning Students: If you have taken classes at LACC but it has been more than two semesters, you are a returning student and should follow the instructions for new students.
To Register by Student Telephone Enrollment Program (STEP):
(323) 226-1999 (213) 689-8888 (310) 605-0505 (818) 988-2222
To Register by Internet:
Go to CCCApply at LACC Online Admission Application or go to www.laccd.eduand click Student Information.
What Enrollment Fees Do I Have to Pay?
What Are the Current Fees?
For the most recent information on Fees, visit the Business Office Website.
How Do I Pay My Fees?
• You can pay by check or credit card at City College at Wilshire
• You can pay by cash, check, or credit card at the main campus Business Office (AD 111)
• You can pay by credit card online or through the STEP system
How Do I Apply for Financial Aid?
STEP 1: Complete and submit the FAFSA form.
Form available on-line (www.fafsa.ed.gov), at the main campus Financial Aid Office (Clausen Hall 111A), and at City College at Wilshire.
STEP 2: Several weeks later, you will receive a Student Aid Report (SAR) acknowledgment in the mail. Bring it to the Financial Aid Office to open a financial aid file and discuss any problems with your application.
STEP 3: The Financial Aid Office will review your application and automatically processes a fee waiver for students who meet the criteria. This may take a few weeks.
STEP 4: The Financial Aid Office will then send you an Award Notification Letter which states how much aid you will receive.
STEP 5: Typically your first award check will arrive two weeks after you receive the Award Notification, but it can take longer. Financial aid checks, except for loans, are either sent by mail, available for pick-up at the main campus Business Office upon request, or transferred electronically to the student's bank account during the school year. You may apply for Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) at the main campus Business Office, AD 111.
How Do I Apply for a Fee Waiver?
If you are a low-income resident of California, you may qualify for a Board of Governors Enrollment Fee Waiver which covers your enrollment fees. The Fee Waiver DOES NOT cover books, parking permits, and living expenses. You will need to complete the FAFSA to apply for financial assistance with these areas.
NOTE: When you submit the FAFSA form, you are automatically considered for the fee waiver. If you need the fee waiver immediately, however, you may use a separate Board of Governors Fee Waiver form. Forms are available in the Financial Aid Office, Clausen Hall 111A.
What About Books?
Textbooks will be available for purchase at City College at Wilshire, at times to be announced, during the first 2 weeks of the semester. You may also purchase your textbooks at the main campus Bookstore located in the Cub Center Building. If you have an EOP&S book voucher, you can use the vouchers ONLY at the main campus Bookstore.
Additional Information
For more detailed information on enrolling, fees and financial aid, refer to the front section of the main campus Class Schedule or visit the main campus Student Assistance Center (AD105) or Financial Aid Office (CH111A). These offices have staff who speak multiple languages. You may also contact the Student Assistance Center at (323) 953 – 4000 x2455, and the Financial Aid Office at (323) 953 – 4000 x2025.


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The 2012 Olympics in London begin with Opening Ceremonies on July 27. Catch up with athletes from the NOW coverage area with Olympic quests of their own in our "London Calling" feature series.
Sami Pochowski of Muskego and her family recently attended a swimming meet, but it was unlike any they had ever experienced.
"The first night, I had chills during the introductions and while watching the races," Pochowski said. "It was so exciting, just the whole atmosphere."
Her father Scott added, "I had a lump in my throat just to be in that atmosphere. It was so different than the normal swim meet, where you sit in 85 degrees for four or five hours, only to see your daughter swim for a total of about five or six minutes.
"In this environment, you stand on your feet and cheer."
Judging by those comments, the Pochowskis were clearly not watching a typical weekend invitational. Instead, they were at the United States Olympic Trials at Omaha, Neb.
Not there just to watch
They were not just spectators, either - Sami was competing in the 100 breaststroke against all of the elite swimmers in the country.
"I was so blessed to experience that," said the recent Muskego High School graduate and three-time WIAA state champion. "It was a whole new level of excitement."
Pochowski came in 39th in the event with 1 minute, 10.92 seconds, which beat the 1:11.6 she swam at a Junior National meet in August 2011, which qualified her for the trials.
She missed the top 24, which would have advanced her to the semifinals, by about a second, and she was 4.59 seconds behind winner Rebecca Soni, who finished in 1:06.33.
She also moved up seven places from her seed of 46th among more than 120 swimmers.
"I was happy with the swim," she said. "It's the second-fastest time I've ever gone (behind 1:10.59 at those same 2011 Junior Nationals). I was very pleased with it."
Among the world's elite
Muskego athletic director Scott Kugi said, "It is quite an accomplishment to be one of the top 40 swimmers in the nation."
Scott Pochowski took an even closer view, adding, "A coach (at the trials) asked me if I realized that those times will be even faster than those at the Olympics.
"He said 70 of the top 100 swimmers in the world are from the United States, and that our swimmers who finished three through 10 at the trials would likely start on most other countries' teams. That makes you realize just how much competition they face there.
"Sami was in the upper percentages of the world, and she was the fourth best in the 18 and under group for the breaststroke."
The breaststroke was the only event Pochowski swam in at the trials, but for the rest of her four days in Omaha, she certainly experienced many valuable and memorable moments.
"I met so many cool people, especially the athletes," she said. "I got to know some future college teammates (at Florida State University) much better."
She also was in the presence of such swimming luminaries as Soni, Ryan Lochte and Michael Phelps - but only to a point.
"We were not allowed to ask for photographs or pictures," she explained. "They needed to keep their focus, because (the trials) are what they have trained for over the years. I bumped into them but didn't really talk with them."
Recent pool devotee
Just the fact that Pochowski qualified for the trials was especially notable, considering that she has only been swimming competitively for seven years, and that she has never chosen to lift weights as part of her training.
Instead, she simply kept working hard in the pool, going about 18 hours per week leading up to the trials to increase her endurance.
Now that she has literally tested the waters of the Olympic trials, she can go on to Florida State in the fall, always with an eye toward the next trials in 2016.
"It was good for me to go there (this year's trials)," she said. "I could see what I am getting myself into in the next four years. I was able to get a feel for the competition, which was the best in the world, and I was able to swim my best.
"Now I am off to college, which brings a new level of intensity and competition. I have to be mentally prepared and push myself. I know what it takes to do it (swim in the trials), and now I have to want to put in that effort."
When Pochowski returns to Omaha in four years, Scott will once again watch her take on the country's best swimmers - but this time, perhaps from a better seat.
"We will be more prepared," he said. "When they first announce the ticket sales, we will be in the front row."
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906: Advertising Discovery
|Advertising Discovery
Title text: When advertisers figure this out, our only weapon will be blue sharpies and "[disputed]".
[edit] Explanation
On Wikipedia, a well-referenced text or statement indicates credibility. References for particular facts are linked to by bracketed blue little numbers in superscript.[1][3][4] When faced with a statement followed by these, readers will normally believe it without further ado,[6][10] since they take it on trust that there are directions on the bottom of the page, leading to a reliable source or two, agreeing with what the statement says. The effect becomes strengthened when such information often is confirmed to be correct.
In the comic, advertisers have realized that it has gone so far that people in general will take any nonsense for granted if there is just the right amount of Wikipedia-style reference tags to it. The penis pump e-commerce can suddenly flourish (again?) and the spammers won't even need to bother making up findings to cite.
Turgidax® is something Randall formed from turgid, meaning swollen. The reason that the attaching of -ax creates a typically pill-like name is simply that -ax (and -ex) are common Latin adjectival word endings, and that many drugs have names formed from Latin words. -Ax is also, specifically, the root of the -acious ending in English, as in "audacious" or (appropriately) bodacious, meaning "extra" or "especially". The idea is it makes the genitalius extra or especially turgid. Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels.
Cueball saying "Sounds legit" may be a reference to the Internet meme "Seems legit", where when faced with a dubious proposal one unquestioningly accepts or agrees with it, which would make sense in this scenario.
The title text is about how Wikipedia users have been able to add "disputed"-tags (nowadays "disputed – discuss") after challenged facts, with this template, since the dawn of time.[11][disputed – discuss] (Incredible example, first sentence.) So when faced with the new advertising trick IRL, we could counter by scribbling those tags all over with blue Sharpie marker pens, and so automatically revive the critical thinking.
The comic also references Wikipedia's Neutrality policy, due to the high influx of Paid editors. Indeed, many of Wikipedia editors time is taken up by cleaning up articles with non neutral points of view.
[edit] Transcript
- Advertising discovery:
- [Person sits at computer, reading an ad on the screen. The bracketed superscripts are blue.]
- Ad: Turgidax® triples[2] your penis size overnight,[2][5] improving both your sexual attractiveness[2][7] and your cardiovascular health.[7][8][9]
- Person (thinking): Sounds legit.
- Caption: Wikipedia has trained us to believe anything followed by little blue numbers in brackets.
[edit] Trivia
- Randall changed the image name from advertising_discovery.png to citations.png, since adblocking extensions interpreted it as an ad and made the comic blank. He had the same problem just three months earlier with 870: Advertising.
add a comment! ⋅ add a topic (use sparingly)! ⋅ refresh comments!
It's only trained Wikipedia veterans who believe that. Most people have no idea what the square brackets mean. Davidy²²[talk] 01:45, 17 April 2013 (UTC)
- [citation needed] Promethean (talk) 02:17, 24 April 2013 (UTC)
- [Dubious:Discuss] 184.108.40.206 17:23, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
- This just in. Wikipedia veterans are gullible idiots.
On the other hand, What if? has conditioned the readers to assume that anything with a [Citation Needed] sign next to it is an obvious fact and doesn't need a citation. Caeleste Alarum (talk)


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Web Stories
Events scheduled for Black History Month
Posted January 29, 2004; 10:27 a.m.
Lectures, films and live music and dance performances are among the numerous events planned for Black History Month at the University in February. An online calendar of events is available.
Highlights include:
- Eddie Glaude Jr. , associate professor of religion, will speak on the need for African-American students to become more politically active. The lecture is scheduled for 5:30 p.m. Monday, Feb. 9, at the Marti Lounge in the Fields Center. It is part of the W.E.B. DuBois Intellectual Series, a monthly discussion between students and African-American professors.
- The annual Black History Month dinner and awards ceremony will be held at 6 p.m. Friday, Feb. 13, at the Fields Center. Reservations are required for this event acknowledging members of the University community for outstanding service. Those interested should e-mail the coordinators by noon Monday, Feb. 9.
- The Pin Points Theater Company of Washington, D.C., will perform the award-winning play, "The Meeting," at 8 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 25, in the Forbes Blackbox Theater. Playwright Jeff Stetson hypothesizes what would have happened if Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. had met before they were assassinated just three years apart.
- Children and adults will have an opportunity to make crafts, play games and enjoy music and dance of the Caribbean at an event, "The Caribbean Influence," from 4 to 8 p.m. Friday, Feb. 27, at the Fields Center.
For more information, contact Makeba Clay , director of the Fields Center.
Contact: Tom Bartus (609) 258-3601


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JustGoods is a not-for-profit fair trade store located in the Midtown District of Rockford Illinois.
A project started by Rockford Urban Ministries in 2006. Our fair trade products come from approximately 25 different countries representing almost all the continents in the world.
The store exists because of the dedicated volunteers who help keep the store running and loyal customers who believe in a better way of doing business that benefits both producers and consumers.
The JustGoods Listening Room is a meeting room that is shared with Rockford Urban Ministries. The room is used as an art gallery showcasing local artists each month and is transformed each Friday for live music as part of the Friday Night Concert Series. JustGoods staff give formal and informal presentations about fair trade in the Listening Room. And many community groups also use the room on weekends and evenings for meetings, presentations, and other events.
If you are interested in using the Listening Room for your not-for-profit function, please contact the store for more information. Contact information is located at the Contact Info page.
Now you can follow us on Facebook


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I believe military IDs are also accepted ... basically, almost anything that carries a photo: employer IDs, student IDs (even community colleges use them ... for access to things that are a student "privilege").
We are talking about a relatively small portion of the population: seniors who never had or have given up their driver's licenses; people who don't drive (or work or go to school). States are going to reasonable lengths to make the required IDs available to those who may not have some other such ID they can use.
I just don't see this as an effort to prevent ANYONE from voting, just to preserve the integrity of the whole voting process so that each of us knows that our vote counts; and that nobody usurps anybody else's vote.
"Know in your heart that all things are possible. We couldn't conceive of a miracle if none ever happened." -Libby Fudim
I don't use the PM feature, so just email me direct at the address shown above.
There are tons of articles that say people are having a hard time getting the required ID in PA.
And for everyone who wrote that you need an ID to buy alcohol and cigarettes that is so not true, yes I am over 29 and look it regards.
HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) A judge weighing whether to stop a new Pennsylvania law requiring voters to show photo identification heard testimony Thursday from people who told of making numerous trips to driver's license centers to confront clerks confused by a bureaucratic maze of IDs, requirements and paperwork.
After being rejected for a photo ID on her fourth trip to a driver's license center, Doris Clark, 68, finally screamed: "I'm handicapped. I've done all I can do and I'm not going to vote."
She told the judge she then threatened to report how she'd been treated, prompting clerks in the Philadelphia center to sit down with her and help her get an ID.
She said the reasons she couldn't get an ID on each visit were varied: She didn't have a birth certificate, a letter from the Social Security Administration was more than 30 days old, or her married name didn't match the name on her birth certificate.
But Clark's story was similar to others Thursday, some of whom received crucial help from people with third-party organizations, including a labor union and a community improvement group in Pittsburgh that had deployed people to driver's license centers to help voters get an ID.
Jessica Hockenbury said she finally got an ID card only after a clerk told her that a voting-only ID card was not being distributed anymore. The complicated rules for getting an ID also became a stumbling block for Lakeisha Pannell because driver's license center clerks had trouble finding her name in the voter registration database, she said.
All success belongs to the dog, all failure to the trainer.
On the subject of voter fraud...do a search for tunica county MS and voter fraud. Here's one report....
April 21, 2011
After two days of testimony and an hour of deliberation, a Tunica County jury returned a guilty verdict in the case against community activist Lessadolla Sowers.
Sowers was convicted of 10 counts of voter fraud and was sentenced to five years for each count.
and yet another in MS
January 12, 2011
ASHLAND — The last defendant in a Benton County voter fraud case has been sentenced to five years in prison.
Attorney General Jim Hood says in a news release that David Massey of Hickory Flat was indicted on one count of conspiracy to commit voter fraud and three counts of voter fraud.
Last edited by Eric Johnson; 09-27-2012 at 04:49 PM.
WRC HR Lennoxlove's Run with Wolves JH, WCX ("Cheyenne") ... still so fondly remembered
HRCh Struan's Devil's in De Tails SH, WCX ("Lucy") ... as is her daughter
SR CH Struan's Flight of Fancy JH ("Muse")
Struan's Master of the Hunt JH, WC ("Charlie")
Struan's Just Plain Perfect ("Jane")
CH Struan's Driving Us Crazy ("Daisy") ... the baby in charge
Dixie ... the "spare parts" dog
How many business owners or management personnel out there have had to certify their employees I-9 form...How many of you have filled out an I-9 form or know what one is...
How many forms of ID are required for the I-9 form
Who is the I-9 form regulated by....
When I was in restaurant management, I had to go to a special class to get certified to be our restaurant's designated I-9 manager...we learned what constitutes a legal form of ID, and what is acceptable and what is not
CPR HRCH Scott's Sweet Brandy
HR UH Scott's Little Pistol JH (Annie)
Kankakee River HRC
NRA Life Member