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Photo Gallery
Growing Pains Part 1
Seeds of controversy: It took nine years for Colorado's medical marijuana industry to take off after Amendment 20. Some worry it's now out of control.
More in Part 1
■ Federal and Colorado medical marijuana timeline
■ Medical marijuana debate rages between ardent critics and supporters
■ Employers address medical marijuana in the workplace
Growing Pains Part 2
■ Entrepreneurs cash in on medical marijuana
■ Medical marijuana centers capitalize on a variety of products
■ Routt County medical marijuana timeline
■ Colorado House Bill 1284 highlights
Growing Pains Part 3
■ Spotlight lands on Colorado, the medical marijuana leader
■ Colorado municipalities choose their own medical marijuana destinies
Colorado Senate Bill 109 highlights
Senate Bill 109 was created to regulate the medical side of Colorado's medical marijuana industry.
■ Physicians and patients are required to have a bona fide relationship.
■ Physicians are required to have a valid, unrestricted license to practice medicine in Colorado and a valid, unrestricted U.S. Department of Justice Federal Drug Enforcement Administration controlled substances registration.
■ Physicians are precluded from accepting or soliciting money from caregivers or centers, providing discounts to patients who agree to use a particular caregiver or center, examining patients at centers or having an economic interest in a business that sells medical marijuana.
■ The Colorado Department of Health and Environment is permitted to create rules for the medical marijuana program, including consideration of adding debilitating medical conditions to the state constitution and allowing patients to claim indigence.
■ The medical marijuana cash fund, generated by application fees, can be used only to operate the medical marijuana program and shouldn't be transferred to any other state fund.
■ The Colorado Board of Medical Examiners may review and investigate physicians it has a reasonable cause to believe violated the medical marijuana program.
Source: Colorado Revised Statutes
Steamboat Springs Kara Rosen is among the more than 100,000 Colorado residents who have become legal users of marijuana since 2009.
The 32-year-old Hayden resident and cancer survivor has used medical marijuana every day for about a year. It's the only remedy she's found to treat pain, digestion problems, nausea, loss of appetite and insomnia.
"I had lung cancer," said Rosen, who owns Airtech Heating & Sheet Metal with her husband, Shelby. "I had it surgically removed. I have to deal with the pain just like other people deal with pain. I just do it in a different way. And it's not a bad way."
Medical marijuana became legal in Colorado, for patients with certain conditions and a doctor's recommendation, after nearly 54 percent of voters approved Amendment 20 in 2000.
Nearly a decade later, Rosen is happy she had that option when confronting her post-cancer pain.
But Rosen's story isn't typical. The vast majority of Coloradans who use medical marijuana do so to treat severe pain, not the effects of cancer, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS and the other preapproved conditions.
For every Rosen, there are many more like Kip Strean.
Although Strean said he uses medical marijuana to relieve chronic back and shoulder pain, as well as insomnia, the 59-year-old also said he's been smoking marijuana for about 40 years.
Strean, a musician who has lived in Steamboat Springs since 2000, was a child of the 1960s. He said marijuana is part of his culture. After a spring 2009 visit to Amsterdam, known in part for its legalization of marijuana, he applied for a state-issued medical marijuana registry card.
"I decided to get the card because I was tired of feeling like I was doing anything illegal anymore," he said. "I mean, come on, the acceptance of it today is so much different than it was in the '60s."
In the nine years after it was added to the state constitution, medical marijuana mostly flew under the radar in Colorado. But a sequence of events starting in 2009 triggered what has become an emerging industry, changing the business and social landscape in Colorado while creating a model for the rest of the country.
Taking root
Some lawmakers, law enforcement officers, state officials and medical professionals said a surge is taking place in the industry, which was largely unregulated and rife with abuse before legislation took effect July 1.
The biggest problem, they say, is approved medical marijuana users defrauding the system to smoke pot recreationally.
"Anybody who doesn't think there's abuse going on has to be pretty naïve. We don't have 108,000 people with debilitating medical conditions," Colorado Attorney General John Suthers said in August, referring to an earlier estimate of the number of approved medical marijuana cardholders.
Some Routt County dispensary owners acknowledge the willingness of some to take advantage of the system.
"I would say over 50 percent of cardholders use recreationally — a lot for pain management or as a stress reducer," said Chris Ward, whose Milner medical marijuana center has a Hawaiian theme to reflect his upbringing on the island of Kauai.
A 'perfect storm'
Colorado is one of 14 states with legislation making the use of medical marijuana legal. California came first in 1996. Earlier this year, Washington, D.C., approved it.
After Colorado voters approved Amendment 20, the state's constitution was amended to allow the use of medical marijuana for eight debilitating conditions: cancer, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, cachexia (physical wasting away though weight loss and muscle atrophy), severe pain, severe nausea, seizures and persistent muscle spasms.
Several events last year created what Ned Calonge, the state's chief medical officer, called a "perfect storm" for medical marijuana in Colorado.
First, U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said in March 2009 that federal raids of medical marijuana dispensaries would stop. Then, the Colorado Board of Health chose not to impose a limit on the number of patients a medical marijuana provider, called a caregiver, could have. And finally, the U.S. Justice Department sent a memo to prosecutors in October 2009 instructing them to not use federal resources against people in compliance with state medical marijuana laws.
The industry quickly took off. There were 4,720 Colorado cardholders by the end of 2008. As of Aug. 31, that number had swelled to an estimated 113,000, according to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The agency is charged with overseeing the state's Medical Marijuana Registry. The estimate is based on the volume of applications the registry receives.
Coinciding with the exploding number of approved marijuana users, state officials once estimated that 1,100 medical marijuana centers operated in the state. A stretch of South Broadway Street in Denver, for example, is referred to as "The Green Mile" or "Broadsterdam" for the many medical marijuana centers there, some next door to or across the street from each other.
"We never imagined that the surge would be so high or would be sustained for so many months," Calonge said in a telephone interview. "All these elements came together and gave birth to this industry."
Routt County, with a population of 23,500, has five medical marijuana centers — a sixth in Yampa has closed. Steamboat, with more than 12,000 residents, is home to three of them. The number of pharmacies in the county outnumbers medical marijuana centers by one.
Registry overwhelmed
In a Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment office building in Denver, U.S. Postal Service boxes sit stacked on shelves in the new mailroom of the Office of Vital Statistics Medical Marijuana Registry.
Ron Hyman, the Colorado registrar and director of the Medical Marijuana Registry office in Denver, estimated in August that more than 30,000 medical marijuana card applications sat unopened in those boxes. Another batch of applications — an additional 30,000 or more — had just been sent for data entry to Integrated Document Solutions in Pueblo, part of Colorado's Department of Personnel and Administration.
Hyman said those applications were opened and each $90 application fee was deposited. But because the applications haven't been processed, medical marijuana registry cards haven't been issued.
"I believe today we are mailing out cards for applications we received in early January," he said Aug. 20.
The lack of cards doesn't prevent users from being able to possess and smoke marijuana or use marijuana products. Patients use copies of the notarized application, physician authorization, photo identification and registered mail receipt as their temporary medical marijuana cards. The permanent cards — pieces of white paper outlined in red that resemble a sales tax license — take as long as nine months to process. Cardholders must renew their licenses every year.
The Office of Vital Statistics receives about 1,000 pieces of medical-marijuana-related mail daily, of which about 500 applications are approved, about 250 are incomplete and returned and about 250 are information changes for people already on the registry. Hyman said the volume of mail overwhelmed the office's mailroom. So the Medical Marijuana Registry got its own.
The office also processes birth and death certificates and marriage licenses. Hyman estimated that "well over 80 percent" of his job was dedicated solely to the Medical Marijuana Registry during the past year.
Thousands of other pieces of unopened mail from patients on the registry wanting to update information won't be processed until after Hyman's staff catches up on the application backlog. He's been given the go-ahead to triple his staff, to 33 employees, after a supplemental budget request he made in June was approved.
"In 2008, the entire year, I had 5,000 patients," Hyman said. "Now I get that in a week. One person could easily handle the registry on their own from start to finish" in 2008.
A chronic debate
Dr. Brian Harrington, a physician with Yampa Valley Medical Associates in Steamboat, says the abuse and misuse of medical marijuana undermines the legitimacy and reasons for it.
Because of the medical marijuana registry backlog, only 41,039 patients — 292 in Routt County — are listed as being approved for medical marijuana as of Dec. 31, 2009, in the statistics section of the registry website. Of those patients, 92 percent cite severe pain for at least one qualifying debilitating condition. Patients can list more than one.
Muscle spasms, cited on 29 percent of applications, are the second most frequently reported condition. Cancer accounts for 2 percent, and glaucoma and HIV/AIDS were cited on 1 percent of applications.
Harrington said he has never recommended the use of medical marijuana but has discussed it with patients because he recognizes that it could have medical value for the right person. He also said the severe pain condition has opened the door for recreational users.
"Heroin takes care of pain," he said while sitting in an exam room at his office. "Just to say marijuana takes care of pain is not a good argument."
Brian Vicente, executive director of Sensible Colorado, an advocate for the state's medical marijuana patients, disagrees that a majority of patients are citing severe pain simply as an excuse to use marijuana recreationally.
"There's a lot of people in an active state like Colorado that suffer from chronic pain related to biking injuries, skiing injuries," he said in August at his Denver office. "If they and their doctor feel it's better to use marijuana than hydrocodone or OxyContin as a better treatment regimen, I think we have to respect that."
Registered nurse Shannon Winegarner, the director of hospice and palliative care for the Northwest Colorado Visiting Nurse Association, said her organization supports the use of medical marijuana for its end-of-life patients because it is a legal medication defined by the state constitution.
"In my experience working with terminally ill patients, I have definitely seen people using marijuana to effectively manage symptoms that were not managed by other treatments," she said about patients suffering from nausea, anxiety and weight loss.
"Our primary goal in hospice is to manage comfort — quality of life versus quantity of life. We don't discriminate on the choice of medications."
Determining legitimacy
Hyman, who runs the Medical Marijuana Registry, doesn't think all patients approved for medical marijuana have legitimate medical needs. But in the decade he's run the program — and especially during the past year — Hyman said he's spoken with many patients who have said medical marijuana has had a tremendous impact on their lives.
"For these individuals, it's imperative we maintain the integrity of the program and reduce abuses," he said. "If the public loses confidence, it hurts the integrity of the program. I think it's imperative we have this avenue available for patients who need it."
That so many have been approved to use medical marijuana indicates the industry is growing, Attorney General Suthers said, but he added that there's not much integrity to the process of determining debilitating medical conditions.
"About 75 percent of the patients are males," he said. "The average age (currently 40) is dropping precipitously. I would predict to you in a couple years the average age of a patient will be 24, 25, something like that."
Charish Adams, 30, tried medical marijuana after injuring her back in May while trying to move furniture at her Hayden home. The medications doctors prescribed were ineffective. It's not that they didn't work; Adams couldn't keep them down.
She was diagnosed in 2009 with gastroesophageal reflux disease, or chronic acid reflux disease, after vomiting nearly every morning for 10 years. Adams, the mother of a 10-year-old boy, joked that during that time, she constantly thought she was pregnant.
Knowing she couldn't take pills — she couldn't even keep Advil down — Adams first visited a chiropractor and acupuncturist to relieve her back pain.
Nothing worked, she said. Having used marijuana in the past, Adams thought she would give it a try. In June, she went to Mary's, a medical marijuana center in Oak Creek.
Through her visits to Mary's, she discovered tinctures — an alcohol- or glycerin-based liquid extract typically made from dried marijuana — and started taking an eyedropper full about once a week for her acid reflux. She hasn't vomited since June.
"What it does is it stops the acid, it settles my stomach and doesn't allow it to come back up," Adams said. "I'd recommend it to anybody with nausea problems, headaches, usually anything that goes with being sick."
Medicine vs. drug
Harrington, the Steamboat physician, struggles with the idea of marijuana as medicine. It's listed as a Schedule 1 controlled substance by the federal government.
Under the Controlled Substances Act, marijuana is categorized with drugs including heroin and LSD. The Act states that Schedule 1 controlled substances have a high potential for abuse and have no "currently accepted medical use" in treatments in the United States.
Harrington said there's a conflict between the medicinal value of marijuana and its health risks if it's smoked, which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has never approved as a medical delivery method.
He says marijuana is habit-forming, has been linked to respiratory problems if smoked and can cause a decline in cognitive function and increase anxiety.
"I do think the health benefits of marijuana are well-overplayed," he said.
But Harrington acknowledged that ingesting marijuana, if used as a medicine, makes more sense than smoking it. He mentioned Marinol, an FDA-approved pill form of synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, thought to be the active ingredient in marijuana.
After surgery for her lung cancer, Kara Rosen experienced pain from the muscles doctors sliced through and ribs they fractured to get to her lung. The medications her doctors prescribed contributed to or exacerbated her digestion problems, nausea, loss of appetite and insomnia.
She got a recommendation from a Denver doctor and was approved for a medical marijuana card. She found that medical marijuana was the only thing that worked for her pain and other post-cancer ailments. But she rarely smokes it. Instead, she drinks teas or eats cookies infused with marijuana.
Infused products, a burgeoning portion of the state's medical marijuana industry, are becoming more common and popular among patients, center owners said.
At 61, Jacob Wise, who owns Mary's in Oak Creek, calls himself an old hippie. He is a civil engineer by trade, lost millions as a real estate developer when the industry went south and has counseled cocaine addicts as a minister certified in three religions. Owning a medical marijuana center was another venture.
When he opened his business, Wise said, he thought the industry was a scam, a way for recreational users to smoke legally. But the 42-year recreational and medical marijuana user said he's seen improvement in his patients.
Wise is pushing tinctures, which he makes, for patients like Charish Adams. He also treats seven cancer patients with them.
"I'm going after the tincture business because I see it more as a medical application," he said. "The other business is bigger right now, but eventually tinctures will be more popular. Tinctures don't give the euphoric feeling. People smoke pot for the rose glass syndrome — 'I feel good. Everything's purty.'"
Regulating the medicine
Calonge, the state's chief medical officer, said the rapid growth of medical marijuana in Colorado led to fraudulent, substandard care from doctors who charged fees to sign medical marijuana recommendations for patients they saw via webcam or met at a medical marijuana center.
He called those evaluations and that care "recreational use masquerading as a medical program."
In the spring, Colorado lawmakers began discussing two pieces of legislation aimed at governing the industry for the first time. Senate Bill 109 was created to regulate the medical side of the industry and, among other provisions, precludes doctors from having any financial relationships with medical marijuana centers.
House Bill 1284 was created to regulate the business side of the medical marijuana industry. Among its many provisions, it forces medical marijuana center owners to undergo criminal background checks and forbids their ownership if they've been convicted of a drug-related felony.
Colorado Gov. Bill Ritter signed both pieces of legislation into law in June. They took effect July 1.
Calonge said Senate Bill 109 was intended to reduce some of the fraudulent actions by doctors that had become commonplace.
"I believe if we're going to call it medical marijuana, we have to hold it to the same standards as all medical care," he said.
"We believe (Senate Bill 109) is the first step to really put it back in the medical realm from the recreational-use realm and, we believe, more in line with what people voted when they voted for Amendment 20."
House Bill 1284 has been called a significant piece of legislation that could become a model for the rest of the country.
Vicente, executive director of Sensible Colorado, who is not a medical marijuana cardholder ("I don't have a qualifying condition," he said.) called House Bill 1284 a landmark piece of legislation. He said it was a major step forward in legitimizing centers as safe access facilities for medical marijuana. But Vicente said the legislation has issues that he hopes to work through with legislators this session.
Despite the concerns, he said Colorado's medical marijuana has become a legitimate business in the past year.
"We do have a constitutional amendment and a state law in the Colorado Revised Statutes that regulate this industry," Vicente said. "I think it is legitimate, and I think it's going to continue being one of the few growing areas of our economy, at least for the immediate future."
Coming Thursday
Part 2 Green rush: Medical marijuana has become the basis for lucrative businesses, and entrepreneurs are not the only ones who could cash in.
Coming Friday
Part 3 Blazing the trail: Municipalities across the state have been forced to weigh in on the marijuana debate. The months ahead will shape the industry.


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Family: Apiaceae, Carrot view all from this family
Description Biennial. Height: 5-8 ft tall. Habit: coarse. Smooth green stem, usually spotted or streaked with red or purple on its lower half. Flower: white umbel 4-6 in across. Large leaf up to 20 in long resembles parsley. Smooth white tap root resembles parsnips. Leaf and root have rank odor when crushed.
Warning All parts of this plant are deadly poisonous if eaten, containing the toxic alkaloid coniine (the first alkaloid synthesized in the laboratory). Children can be poisoned by blowing through whistles made from the stalks. Judging from the symptoms, it was an extract of this hemlock that was used to execute Socrates and others in ancient Greece. Death results from the eventual paralysis of the respiratory nerves, leading to suffocation. Sensitivity to a toxin varies with a persons age, weight, physical condition, and individual susceptibility. Children are most vulnerable because of their curiosity and small size. Toxicity can vary in a plant according to season, the plants different parts, and its stage of growth; and plants can absorb toxic substances, such as herbicides, pesticides, and pollutants from the water, air, and soil.
Flower Late summer.
Habitat Mesic to hydric disturbed sites and open fields; stream banks.
Range Continental U.S. except Florida and Mississippi.
Discussion All parts of the plant are poisonous. Listed as a noxious weed in some states. Introduced from Europe. Also known as: cigue maculee, cigue tachetee, deadly hemlock, poison parsley.


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From formal dinners to Bar Mitzvahs, every party comes with its own invitation etiquette. Here's how to make sure your soiree is properly presented to potential guests.
Invitation to a Dinner to Honor a Guest
Invitation to Meet a Guest
Government & Diplomatic Invitations
Dance Invitations
Invitation to Tea
Invitations to Anniversaries
Bridal Shower Invitations
Baby Shower Invitations
Debutante Invitations
Bar/Bat Mitzvah Invitations
Commencement Invitations
Fill-in Invitations
Replying to an Invitation
Invitation to a Formal Dinner
Formal dinner invitations are properly engraved on ecru or white letter sheets. Letter sheets are single sheets of paper that fold like a book on the left hand side. (Traditional wedding invitations are done on letter sheets.)
Correspondence cards (flat, heavy, single cards) are occasionally used as well, but they are considered a little less formal. Black ink is the color of choice for formal invitations, but any conservative ink color will make a tasteful invitation.
The most formal invitations leave a space for your guests' names to be handwritten or calligraphed. This format gives special honor to your guests.
When wording an invitation to dinner, it is important to remember that guests are invited "at a dinner" or "to a dinner", never "for dinner" unless they are being served as the entree.
Invitation to a Dinner to Honor a Guest
Invitations that honor a guest follow the same rules as those for formal dinners. However, the honoree's name is added to the invitations. This may be done in the body of the invitations or at the top. You doubly distinguish your honored guest by placing his or her name at the top of the invitations. The use of "honor" and "honour" are equally correct.
Sample #1
Please join us at home for
Cocktails, Dinner and Music
to celebrate Jeremy's successful audition
with the Spokane Philharmonic Orchestra
Saturday, the tenth of August
at seven 0'clock
Mary and Alfred McCutcheon
Sample # 2
An Evening Under the Stars
Please join us for
Cocktails, Dinner and Dancing
Friday, the eleventh of September
at seven o'clock
Bayview Yacht Club Tampa, Florida
Lilyan and Robert Stowe
Invitation to Meet a Guest
Invitations to meet a guest are extended when the hosts wish to introduce somebody to their friends, family and associates. The party might be held to meet a celebrity, someone new in the area or, perhaps, your daughter's fiancé. The guidelines follow those for invitations to honor a guest.
Government & Diplomatic Invitations
Invitations issued by government officials are engraved in black ink on ecru or white letter sheets or correspondence cards. The correct forms of address for United States government officials are included in the appendix.
Please note that government officials do not properly refer to themselves as "The Honorable". That appellation is properly used only when they are addressed by others, such as when an envelope is addressed to them.
Protocol demands that events hosted by, or in honor of, a foreign dignitary require properly worded invitations. If the event is in honor of a dignitary, "In honour of" or "In honor of" appears at the top of the invitations.
The dignitary's title must be properly presented. As etiquette varies so much from one country to the next, the best way to make sure that your diplomatic invitations are correct is to check with the protocol office of the appropriate consulate.
Dance Invitations
Dance invitations follow the same format as formal invitations. The event may be mentioned in the body of the invitation by using either "at a small dance" or "at a ball". It may also be mentioned in the lower right-hand corner simply as "Dancing".
Sample #1
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen James McGee
request the pleasure of your company at a small dance Saturday, the sixth of November at ten o'clock in the evening The Waldorf-Astoria New York City R.s.v.p. 1040 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10021
Sample #2
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen James McGee
request the pleasure of your company
Saturday, the sixth of November
at ten o'clock in the evening
The Waldorf-Astoria
New York City
1040 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10021
Sample #3
Mr. and Mrs. David Leighton Essex
request the pleasure of your company
at a dance to celebrate their
Twenty-fifth Wedding Anniversary
Saturday, the seventh of June
at eight o'clock
The Diamond Club
24 Tate Street
Please reply (312) 555-1212
Invitation to Tea
Invitations to a tea are usually engraved in black ink on a white or ecru card. The phrases, "At Home" or "at a tea" are used on invitations to an afternoon tea.
Mrs. John Leland Kensington
requests the pleasure of your company
at a tea
Tuesday, the thirteenth of September
from four until six o'clock
1776 Stone Drive
Birmingham, Alabama
Invitations to Anniversaries
Invitations to an event celebrating a wedding anniversary may be extended by the children of the couple, friends of the couple or by the couple themselves.
The year in which they were married and the anniversary year may appear at the top of the invitations.
While it is not strictly proper for couples to use a joint monogram, many do when issuing invitations to a party celebrating a wedding anniversary. When doing so, the larger center initial represents the couple's surname. The initial on the left represents the wife's initial. The one on the right is the husband's.
The invitations may be engraved in gold for a 50th wedding anniversary, ruby red for a 40th or silver for a 25th. Since some of your guests might have difficulty reading metallic inks, you might consider engraving the dates in gold or silver and the body of the invitation in black.
Since many couples may not feel comfortable receiving gifts, a line in the lower right-hand corner reading, "No gifts, please" may be included. Other options include a separate card reading, "Your presence is the only gift that we request" or even a phone call.
Bridal Shower Invitations
The modern bridal shower is a throwback to the days when a bride brought her dowry to the marriage. Provided by her father, the dowry made her more attractive to potential husbands and gave the newly married couple the material goods and finances needed to help them start their new lives together.
Modern bridal showers, attended by family and friends, allow today's brides and grooms the basic necessities to furnish their new homes.
Invitations to bridal showers are usually fun and informal. Bridal showers are hosted by one or more of the bride's friends, never by a member of her family. The hostesses' names appear at the top of the invitations.
Many showers have themes such as linens, kitchen and lingerie. For older brides, themes might include golf, tennis, garden and travel. When a shower has a theme, the theme is mentioned in either the lower left- or lower right-hand corner.
Baby Shower Invitations
The guidelines for baby showers are similar to those for bridal showers.
Janet Russell
cordially invites you
to a surprise baby shower in honour of
Margaret McQuinn
on Thursday, November 7th
at 7 o'clock
14 Briarwood Court
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Debutante Invitations
Young women are traditionally presented to society at a debutante ball. They may be presented at a private ball or along with other young women at a mass ball, or cotillion.
Due to the expenses involved, group balls are much more prevalent. There are a series of events leading up to the debutante ball including dinners, teas, tea-dances, and small dances.
"Bar mitzvah" and "bat mitzvah" mean son of the commandments and daughter of the commandments respectively. A bar mitzvah is a boy who, upon reaching the age of 13, has attained the age of religious duty and responsibility. Bar mitzvah is also the name of the religious ceremony that is performed to recognize the attainment of religious maturity.
A bat mitzvah (Hebrew) or a bas mitzvah (Yiddish) is a girl who achieves religious maturity, also at the age of 13.
While there is no standard etiquette for a bar or bat mitzvah invitation, it should be remembered that these are sacred religious ceremonies. The invitations should be tasteful and conservative in keeping with the solemnity of the occasion.
Commencement Invitations
Commencement invitations are sent on behalf of a school or university, inviting family and friends to the graduation ceremony.
Fill-in or skeleton invitations are personalized invitations that leave blank the areas for some of the information, such as the event, date and time. They are usually ordered in large quantities and are used as the occasion arises. The "missing" information is filled in by hand.
Fill-in invitations may also be purchased over-the-counter without any personalization.
Replying to an Invitation
Reply cards are sent with invitations in order to give recipients an easy and convenient way to respond. They should be returned promptly. Your name, preceded by your title is written in following the "M" in the space provided (that is what the "M" is for). If you will be attending the event, the space between "will" and "attend" is left blank. If you will not be attending, write "not" in that space.
Should you receive an invitation sans the aforementioned "easy and convenient" response card, here is how to both formally and informally reply to an invitation.
Formal Replies
Replies to formal invitations should be sent within three days of your receipt of the invitation or before the reply date given on the invitation. They are handwritten in black ink on the first page of ecru or white letter sheets. (Letter sheets have a fold along the left-hand side, like formal wedding invitations.)
The replies are written in the third person and follow the format of the invitation. They are sent to the persons issuing the invitation. If more than one name or couple are listed, the replies are sent to whomever is listed first on the invitation.
Acceptances repeat the date and time. Regrets repeat just the date and may include a brief reason for not being able to accept. Mentioning the event is optional. If you do mention the event use "on" before the date. Otherwise, use "for".
Invitations from the White House always take precedence over other invitations. The only acceptable excuses for refusing invitations from the White House are illness, a death in the family, a wedding in the family and being out of the country.
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Randall Carr
accept with pleasure
the kind invitation of
Mr. and Mrs. Travis
to dinner
on Saturday, the sixth of June
at six o'clock
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Randall Carr
regret that because of a previous commitment
they are unable to accept
the kind invitation of
Mr. and Mrs. Travis
for Saturday, the sixth of June
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Randall Carr
Esta, Janice, Barbara
accept with pleasure
Mrs. Taylor Randall Carr
accepts with pleasure
the kind invitation of
Mr. and Mrs. Travis
to dinner
for Saturday, the sixth of June
at six o'clock
Mr. Taylor Randall Carr
regrets that he is unable to accept
due to a previous commitment
Informal Replies
Replies to informal invitations should be as formal or informal as the closeness of your relationship to the host or hostess dictates. For example, a reply sent to your mother should be a lot less formal than one sent to somebody you just met.
If you are sending a regret, you should briefly state the reason. Replies should be made within three days and can be written on informals, fold-over notes or even calling cards. If you use your calling cards, be sure to send them in an envelope that is large enough to mail.
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Randall Carr
accept with pleasure
the kind invitation of
Mr. and Mrs. Bolton
for Saturday, the sixth of June
at six o'clock
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Randall Carr
regret that because of a previous engagement
they are unable to accept
the kind invitation of
Mr. and Mrs. Travis
for Saturday, the sixth of June
Have more questions about invitation etiquette? Email our Crane Concierge at email@example.com.


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The Perfect Valentine's Day Couple: Chocolate and Beer
Valentine's Day tends to be a wine-centric holiday, but pairing beer with Valentine's Day favorites, such as chocolate, is a great way to take your relationship with craft beer to another level. In case you didn't have a chance to try our holiday chocolate box, we have once again teamed up with our friends at San Francisco-based craft chocolate maker TCHO to offer a surprising combination that's sure to satisfy the craft beer lover in your life: The "Love of Beer" Chocolate Box and Samuel Adams Boston Lager.
Beer and Wine Sommelier Gianni Cavicchi of the NYC Tour de France Restaurants put it best when he said, "Just as there's someone for everyone, there's a beer to perfectly pair with any food or dessert – it's all about letting the flavor of one enhance the other. ► Read More


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Results 1 to 10 of 11
09-13-2013, 07:27 AM #1Junior Member Guppy
- Join Date
- Sep 2013
- Posts
- 9
Got given an overstocked tank? Fish in extreme danger?
Hi I helped someone move today and they didn't know what to with their fish so my girlfriend offered to take them. The only fish I know about are bettas, and the only other aquatic animal i know how to care for are african dwarf frogs.
The tank is 10 gallons and has two goldfish, 1 big orange one and one smaller orange/white one. This alone is bad for a 10 gallon but on top of that there are 3 neon tetras, 1 suckerfish (a pleco? it is a small suckerfish) and 2 amano shrimp. Are these fish in extreme danger? Neon tetras are topical schooling fish right? What should I do, i have no room or money for a huge aquarium.
keep an eye on the parameters daily if you have a test kit. If not and you can afford an api master kit then do that, otherwise just assume and do large water changes daily. Right now there are tropical and cold water fish together. Is the tank heated? If so this is good for everyone but the goldfish.
My advice would be to rehome the goldfish ASAP. We know the pleco will need a new home as well, but at least you have time on that one (if it is much bigger around than a ballpoint pen than it is probably a pleco). Once you get rid of the goldfish and pleco I would get 6 more neons and keep the shrimp.
Cost to you:
1 heater - $30
6 tetras - $15 (If you find a nice lfs they may be willing to trade you tetras for the goldfish and pleco)
This way you get to have a community tank that is appropriately stocked for under $50. Odds are the fish are not in "extreme danger", but they are likely immunocompromised and could easily be overcome by illness. This is exacerbated for whichever fish are not being kept at the correct temperature.
just my .02 cents. Look at the bight side, you have another tank!
The cost could be more or less than that. It's possible that, even with rehoming the inappropriate fish, that tank probably doesn't have adequate filtration. So you may be another $30 on a new filter (much less if you find a sale or a used one) and $25 for the master test kit to watch water parameters. I also frequently see neon tetras at petsmart for $1 on sale. Are you 100% sure they are neons? Cardinal tetras look very similar, you want to make sure to get the right one if you go that route.
Whatever you do don't clean or replace the filter media or cartridge. It is okay to swish it around in a bucket of tank water that you have drained from the aquarium or rinse it in dechlorinated tap water, but this is just a gentle rinsing of the gunk, you don't want to kill your beneficial bacteria and thrust those already sensitive fish into a cycle.~Manna
120 gallon FW bowfront in progress
09-13-2013, 01:05 PM #4Senior Member Red tailed catfish
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In addition to rehoming the goldfish & suckerfish (and we dont' know exactly what it is), it's important to change half the water in the tank daily (with a small siphon that doesn't cost much - will also clean the substrate which is also important) until you can get your hands on a good test kit and see how high the ammonia level is.
As already advised, if you plan to keep this tank with fish in it, it's in your best interest to get the API freshwater test kit and learn what water parameters are and what they should be to protect the remaining fish.
09-14-2013, 09:24 PM #5Junior Member Guppy
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Thanks for the tips. I have all the supplies i need for a 10 gallon (extra sponge filter and 50 watt heater). I've decided to give the two goldfish back to the pet store. Since they are full grown they may not get bought, but they have a good sized home at the store at least. I'm gonna keep the pleco and when it grows too large I will have time to buy a 55 gallon tank (is that big enough?) Once the goldfish are out i will buy 3-6 more neon tetras with the 2 shrimps and temporary pleco. Until then I will be sure to do 50% water changes for the crowded tank.
Just a caution on the water changes. Doing some preliminary tests would be advisable. Test for ammonia and pH and nitrate, if you can. Ammonia and pH are the most critical respecting the water changes. And test (or know) your tap water pH.
With so many waste-producing fish (goldfish and pleco), the pH may be acidic. Ammonia is ammonium in an acidic pH, and harmless. But if you replace the water with tap water that is basic (above pH 7), the ammonium will immediately change back to ammonia, resulting in dead fish.
Byron.Byron Hosking, BMus, MA
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Something we all need to remember: The fish you've acquired was quite happy not being owned by you, minding its own business. If youre going to take it under your wing then youre responsible for it. Every aspect of its life is under your control, from water quality and temperature to swimming space. [Nathan Hill in PFK]
if you keep the suckerfish (can you post a picture), it will decrease the number of tetras you can get. The nice thing about getting a larger amount is they will school together. Suckerfish are often thought of as cleaners for the tank, but often times they can increase the bioload a lot and cause hidden pollution.
Filtration is another good point. What brand/model is the current filter. Sponge filters are good for fry and shrimp (don't produce much waste and can be harmed by a more powerful filter) but it won't do a lot for adult fish in a 10g tank.
09-16-2013, 04:04 AM #8Junior Member Guppy
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Thanks for your responses everyone. I want to get these fish out of this 10 gallon asap. I've had a change of heart however. The two goldfish seem to be best friends and the smaller one follows the bigger one literally everywhere. Will moving these two goldfish and the baby pleco to a 50 gallon which already has 3 adult comet goldfish be a bad idea? It's my only option other then giving the goldfish to a pet store where they may be separated. So basically i'd have 60 gallons worth of goldfish and a pleco in a 50 gallon. If i had a very powerful sponge filter and another filter could this work with the bioload?
If it has 3 adult comet goldfish in it then I think it is probably already overstocked. The comet goldfish commonly grow 12+ inches and I have read they can top out at 18 inches. Three 12 to 18 inch fish in a 3 foot tank seems like they wouldn't have much space, even before adding the others. This is a pond fish. Your pleco (poop factory) if it is a common pleco, is also going to get huge. I would imagine, based on my own reading (not first hand experience) that the comets will be severely stunted in that environment.
This is truly a rock and a hard place. If you take them back to the fish store, someone without proper knowledge may buy them, turn around and plop them right back in a ten gallon. As extreme as it sounds, I think the best way to do right by these fish is to find them a pond. Whether you decide it will be a nice addition to your own yard, or you place an ad to see if you can find someone with a pond who can give them a good home, it's the best way to ensure they get proper housing
I have never had goldfish, but I have read a lot about them. Maybe someone who actually keeps comets will weigh in with a different opinion.~Manna
120 gallon FW bowfront in progress
09-16-2013, 04:34 PM #10Senior Member Red tailed catfish
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+1 with above advice - unfortunately, most goldfish are better off in ponds - they get very large and have a large "bioload" (produce lots of waste).
In many petstores I see plecos in 100-150gal tanks just due to the amount of swimming space they need.
It's not a good idea to cram that many of those fish into that larger tank thinking you're doing them a favor from their current home - in the long run, best to put fish into a tank/pond suitable for them at full growth.


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I should explain to prevent confusion. The audio files are generated in real time. I cannot convert them to MP3 or any arbitrary format in advance thru a manual process because the data is constantly changing.
Would you be able to help me when I get to that point? CGI or Javascript?
Can the HTML5 Audio object play a uLaw encoded WAV file? On iPhone?
0x0006 WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW 8-bit ITU-T G.711 A-law0x0007 WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW 8-bit ITU-T G.711 µ-law
If you want to use .wav headers, you can't upload "in real-time" as in "streaming". The wave file header has a couple fields that require the data size to be known in advance. That means you either have to process the entirety of the audio on the Arduino so you can add the header and upload the whole file at once, or you have to have random access to the file on your server, so you can stream the data, then go back and modify the header once the recording ends. Or you have to record fixed-length chunks.
In terms of codec support, there are usually media plugins that can handle any common format, whether the browser natively supports it or not. If you have QuickTime or WMP or VLC plugins installed and enabled, you shouldn't have to concern yourself with whether the browser understands that format. Test and verify of course.
According to this page, these two voice sample formats are supported by the wave container:Code: [Select]0x0006 WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW 8-bit ITU-T G.711 A-law0x0007 WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW 8-bit ITU-T G.711 µ-lawOthers can be, with the extensible format header.
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By Michael Aneiro
It's been a couple of weeks since this blog checked in with the leveraged loan market but the basic story the same now as it was then. Investors are still piling into loans, which offer a hefty yield premium compared to Treasuries and also pay floating-rate interest, meaning yields will rise if prevailing interest rates do. That hasn't really happened yet this year, contrary to popular expectations, but it hasn't stopped investors from planning ahead. Katy Burne and Matt Wirz report in today's Wall Street Journal:
Loan mutual funds took in $5.6 billion in April, dwarfing the combined $2.25 billion that went into Treasury bond and junk-bond funds, according to Lipper Inc. Inflows in the first four months of 2013 hit $22.4 billion, eclipsing full-year tallies for every year since 2003, when Lipper started tracking the data. The surge is notable because loan yields this year have lagged behind riskier debt such as high-yield, or junk, bonds—a rare case of investors accepting less income now in exchange for the promise of less volatility later.
"We continue to favor loans," says Jeffery Elswick, director of fixed income at $9 billion asset manager Frost Investment Advisors. "We hope they will outperform high-yield over the longer investment horizon even if they don't over the shorter investment horizon."
Demand is rising in part because of the shrinking difference between junk bond and loan spreads, which measure the gap between their yields and benchmark rates. Junk bonds now yield three-quarters of a percentage point more than leveraged loans, down from almost two percentage points a year ago, according to S&P Capital IQ LCD. Loans typically yield far less than bonds because they are backed by collateral, making them a more attractive bet when spreads on the two types of debt converge.
For every new dollar of leveraged loans issued this year, investors have put about four dollars into loan funds and collateralized loan obligations, or CLOs, which bundle up loans to low-rated companies. CLO managers have raised $30 billion through April and another $25 billion is in the pipeline, according to S&P.
But the story notes that while companies are using this investor interest to go on a borrowing binge, they aren't necessarily using borrowings to expand or make deals. Instead, like homeowners in a low-rate environment, they're largely refinancing older loans with higher interest rates. And in the loan market, unlike much of the bond market, you can pretty much refinance whenever you feel like it:
In the past, a strong market for leveraged loans encouraged companies to expand or acquire new businesses by loading up on cheap debt. But deal activity remains torpid, and some investors are frustrated there isn't more borrowing to absorb all the available cash…. Instead, companies with existing loans are refinancing at far cheaper rates, sometimes mere months after borrowing the debt.
Looking at some popular loan funds Thursday, the PowerShares Senior Loan Portfolio (BKLN) is unchanged at $25.20, the Pyxis/iBoxx Senior Loan ETF (SNLN) is down 2 cents to $20.32 and the Blackstone/GSO Senior Floating Rate Term Fund (BSL) is up 6 cents to $21.50.


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Roland MKS-80 Super Jupiter
The MKS-80 is basically a refined Jupiter 8 in a module. It is called the Super Jupiter and it is very fat and very analog! Its great sound is due in part to the classic analog Roland technology in its filters, modulation capabilities and a thick cluster of 16 analog oscillators at 2 per voice. It comes in a 2 space rack-module - no keyboard here. Tons of editing capabilities, although editing is tedious. It's got all the classic sounds of the Jupiter synths and so much more. An excellent choice for ambient drones, pads, blips, buzzes and leads.! It is used by Hardfloor, Astral Projection, Vince Clarke, Vangelis, Pet Shop Boys, and Snap. Use the MPG-80 for easier and more traditional slider control when editing the MKS-80.
Lookup Roland MKS-80 Super Jupiter Prices
The link above will take you to an eBay search for this synth to see active listings with more images, specs and information. If you don't find it there, try looking in our forum marketplace. Our marketplace gets thousands of visits every week so make sure to check back often if you want to buy or sell a synth.
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Are you looking to buy or sell a Roland MKS-80 Super Jupiter? Post an ad in Gear For Sale or a request in Gear Wanted. For spare parts and repair services check out Gear Services & Other Goods. Our forums also has a Buyer's Guide section where you can ask for advice on buying synthesizers.
- Demos & Media
Audio Clip 1 - Evolving PWM fifth ambient pad. From Tomislav Babic (more demos here).
Audio Clip 2 - Split mode: big bass plus picked lead. From Tomislav Babic (more demos here).
Audio Clip 3 - Some tones from the Super Jupiter that give just a taste of the full breadth of the analog power inside.
Manual - Roland has made manuals for most of their products available as free PDF downloads.
Patch File - Roland's original Factory patches for the MKS-80. There are several patches in .mid and Midi SysEx formats, for Macintosh and Windows/PC.
- Specifications
- Polyphony - 8 voices
- Oscillators - 16 Oscillators at 2 per voice!
- Memory - 64 single, 64 combination
- Filter - Low pass filter w/ ADSR, Hi pass filter
- VCA - Standard ADSR
- Arpeg/Seq - None
- Keyboard - None
- Control - MIDI
- Date Produced - 1984
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M*A*S*H star Mike Farrell comes to Binghamton University
Actor and activist Mike Farrell will present his latest memoir "Of Mule and Man" at 7pm Tuesday, October 20, in Binghamton University's Anderson Center for the Performing Arts. This discussion is free and open to the public.
In May 2008, shortly after being named a "Person of the Year" by the Los Angeles Times, Farrell drove himself cross-country on a book tour like no other. Networking with political groups and friends, Farrell redefined the very concepts of book touring and promotion through a progressive lens.
Departing his hometown of Los Angeles with a rented Prius he nicknamed Mule as his only companion, Mike provides a funny and fascinating account of his road trip across the country and back. In addition to his (and occasionally Mule's) musings, are statements from some of the political groups that cosponsored his tour including Death Penalty Focus, the ACLU, Greenpeace, Human Rights Watch, and many more.
In keeping with his enduringly selfless attitude, Farrell gave portions of "Of Mule and Man" to the various sponsors and organizations who supported him on his tour. In so doing, Farrell reinforces the notion that his celebrity is not an end, but a means. Rather than using his causes to promote his book, he is using his book to promote his causes. According to Publishers Weekly, "Farrell writes with an upbeat, optimistic attitude, infused with humor, insights and soul. As he drives across the landscape he also drives home important social justice issues."
Best known for his role as B.J. Hunnicutt on the hit show M*A*S*H, Farrell is a spokesperson for CONCERN/America, a founding board member of Peace Studies, and a cofounder of Artists United to Win Without War.
This program is presented by RiverRead Books and the Binghamton University Environmental Studies Program. For more information contact Johanna Ingalls at email@example.com


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Lupron Depot 3.75
Global Consortium Identifies Best Management of Endometriosis »
"Treatment approaches for endometriosis often rely on a combination of evidence-based and experience-based ("unsubstantiated" by systematic data and research) approaches. As a result, women with endometriosis may find only temporary or no relief f"...
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Lupron Depot 3.75 mg
LUPRON DEPOT® 3.75 mg
(leuprolide acetate) for Depot Suspension
Leuprolide acetate is a synthetic nonapeptide analog of naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LH-RH). The analog possesses greater potency than the natural hormone. The chemical name is 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-tryptophyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-Dleucyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-N-ethyl-L-prolinamide acetate (salt) with the following structural formula:
LUPRON DEPOT is available in a prefilled dual-chamber syringe containing sterile lyophilized microspheres which, when mixed with diluent, become a suspension intended as a monthly intramuscular injection.
The front chamber of LUPRON DEPOT 3.75 mg prefilled dual-chamber syringe contains leuprolide acetate (3.75 mg), purified gelatin (0.65 mg), DL-lactic and glycolic acids copolymer (33.1 mg), and D-mannitol (6.6 mg). The second chamber of diluent contains carboxymethylcellulose sodium (5 mg), D-mannitol (50 mg), polysorbate 80 (1 mg), water for injection, USP, and glacial acetic acid, USP to control pH.
During the manufacture of LUPRON DEPOT 3.75 mg, acetic acid is lost, leaving the peptide.
What are the possible side effects of leuprolide (Eligard, Lupron, Lupron Depot, Lupron Depot-Ped)?
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
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Read All Potential Side Effects and See Pictures of Lupron Depot 3.75 mg »
What are the precautions when taking leuprolide acetate injection (Lupron Depot 3.75 mg)?
Before using leuprolide, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: vaginal bleeding of unknown cause.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: high blood fat levels (e.g., high cholesterol, high triglycerides), depression.
In adults, leuprolide may weaken your bones and increase your risk for bone loss (osteoporosis) if used for a long time because it reduces estrogen...
Last reviewed on RxList: 10/17/2016
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Lupron Depot 3.75 mg FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Lupron Depot 3.75 mg Information
- Lupron Depot 3.75 mg Drug Interactions Center: leuprolide (3 month) im
- Lupron Depot 3.75 mg Side Effects Center
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Lupron Depot 3.75 mg - User Reviews
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Amanda Legros: [PIANO MUSIC] You are listening to a patient who is bound to a wheelchair and paralyzed from the neck down produce sound… through pure thought.
This unlikely musician can't move his fingers across a keyboard but he can think those notes. His thoughts are then processed through a skullcap spiked with sensors that gauge mental activity.
A new technology developed by Brazilian composer and computer-music specialist Eduardo Miranda allows patients with neuromuscular disabilities the chance to play and compose music with thought alone.
Miranda and computer scientists at the University of Essex have collaborated to develop a brain-computer musical interface or BCMI. They used a cheap and inexpensive form of brain scan called electroencephalography, also known as EEG. The EEG cap picks up faint neural signals from the brain. It then translates these neural impulses into musical notes.
But just like people who use electrically implanted prosthetic limbs, this technology takes practice.
This is a virtuoso of BCMI. A man sits motionless- a skull cap on his head with wires flowing out, that go through a set of computers, which are finally connected to an old wooden piano.
Miranda directs the man to change the tempo: "If he wants change it, he can change it." And without moving a finger. [PIANO MUSIC]
Miranda and his team hope to continue improving the ability for people with disabilities to make their mind play melodies. He has been trying to develop a way to create music using brain waves for a decade. His research to hone BCMI is motivated by the limitations of patients suffering from paralysis. The challenges of neuromuscular disabilities go far beyond not being able to move. There is a loss of control and independence. And trials with patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's have shown that music therapy can actually delay the progression of those illnesses.
This technology gives form to the old saying having a song stuck in your head.
|Amanda Legros BCMI.mp3


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text: I was fishing the St Vrain about 10 min from my house last evening to a very heavy caddis hatch. I was downstream from a bridge that is the home to hundreds of birds. The birds build their nests out of mud and seem to live under ever bridge out here, I think they might be swallows. I was standing on the bank in some willows roll casting to rising fish when a bird swooped down and ate my EZ-caddis out of the air. It happened right in front of me, the bird took the fly. I pulled and the bird did a nose dive into the water then flew away. It is hard to get a good hook set on a beak. There are lots of stories of people catching bats but i cannot rembember any bird stories. After that i managed 2 beautiful browns and called it a day


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Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of plantar heel pain. Pain in the arch or heel often indicates inflammation of the long band of tissue under the foot that runs from the heel to the ball of the foot, known as the plantar fascia. Its characteristic features are pain and tenderness, predominately in either the mid arch region or at the inside heel, and less commonly the outside heel. It frequently causes pain upon rising from rest (especially first thing in the morning) and can progress to agony by the end of the day.
This condition is typically found in middle-aged men and women whose feet tend to over-pronate or roll in but can be experienced at all ages. It is commonly associated with the recreational athlete, overweight individuals or abnormal lower limb biomechanics. A sudden increase in frequency or intensity of activity can often spark these symptoms.
Although plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of this pain, a complete differential diagnosis of plantar heel pain is important via a comprehensive history and physical examination to guide an accurate diagnosis.
Symptoms of plantar fasciitis include
- Pain on palpation of the inside of the heel and/or through the arch of the foot
- Pain first thing in the morning or after rising from a period of rest
- Pain at the beginning of exercise that gets better as you warm up
- Pain with prolonged standing or walking
- Sharp, stabbing pain at the bottom or front of the heel bone and can develop to a dull ache
General causes
Assessments are guided towards finding the cause of the injury. The plantar fascia contributes to maintaining the arch of the foot as well as transmitting weight as you walk and run, placing large amounts of tension and stress through this tissue. The most common cause of excess tension in the plantar fascia is abnormal lower limb mechanics.
With continual over-pronation, the plantar fascia is being overstretched causing inflammation, degeneration and pain at the attachment site of the heel and/or the bands of the tissue. In more chronic conditions, continuous pulling of the fascia at its attachment site can cause a bony heel spur which in itself is generally asymptomatic.
During long periods of rest, the plantar fascia shortens and the body begins the repairing process. When you stand again the tissue is rapidly lengthened and results in micro-tears in the tissue. This explains the tremendous pain with the first steps in the morning or after rising from rest.
Other causes include obesity, walking or standing on hard surfaces, unsupportive footwear, inactivity or sudden increases in frequency or intensity of activity.
Diagnosis of plantar fasciitis can usually be made through careful history taking and an examination of the area of pain to determine the extent and cause of the condition. If necessary, further investigation such as x-rays or diagnostic ultrasound may be ordered by your podiatrist to help evaluate the severity of the problem.
Conservative Treatment
Treatment of plantar fasciitis initially involves reducing symptoms and inflammation through icing, topical or oral anti-inflammatory medications, footwear advice and rest from precipitating activity. The podiatrist will conduct a full biomechanical analysis to determine the underlying causes of this condition and to determine the best course of action to reduce the heel pain. This may include stretching exercises, footwear modifications, plantar fascial night splints and customized soft full length orthotics.
Surgical Treatment
While in approximately 90% of cases conservative measures are successful in treating plantar fasciitis, some patients may require more invasive techniques to relieve pain. Surgical treatment is considered for those with persistent, severe symptoms despite all conservative intervention for at least 6 to 12 months.
Expected outcome
Treatment for this acute condition can take time, with most patients pain free within 3-4 months and over 90% within one year. Initial symptom improvement allows most people to return to activity within 1 month.
Despite common belief, heel pain attributable to plantar fasciitis IS curable ! The podiatrists at my FootDr podiatry centres cure this ailment every day.
Read more – The Truth About Heel Pain
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The Highbar tank from Lost has horizontal printed stripes, a woven clip tag at the bottom left and a pocket at the left chest. Also featuring contrast rib-knit details, this super soft tank is the just the thing to up your style ante when you hit the beach.
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The SAMHSA Buprenorphine Clinical Discussion WebBoard is a moderated password-protected Web site in which physicians holding waivers from SAMHSA under the authority of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA 2000) can ask and answer clinical questions regarding the use of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid addiction. If you are a physician with a DATA waiver and have registered for the board, you may log-in at the bottom of this page to access the site.
If you would like to learn more about the use of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid addiction, or about the DATA 2000 legislation and the process of obtaining a physician waiver, please visit the SAMHSA Buprenorphine Web site at
For more information about the SAMHSA Buprenorphine Clinical Discussion WebBoard, e-mail us at email@example.com, or call 866-BUP-CSAT (866-287-2728).


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I've decided to keep with Mac OS X 10.1. I think it is a good compromise between the original design intent of NeXTSTEP and a decently modern operating system.
Sometime in the medium-term (two to three years) future I'm going to be living outside the city, which will mean limited 'net access -- possibly only UUCP, or dial-up PPP if I'm lucky. Cruising Freshmeat or VersionTracker will be a serious pain in the butt, and doing it regularly will likely be impossible.
I have decided to use Objective C and the Cocoa framework for all projects in the near future. Don't get me wrong -- Ruby will still have its place, and I'm not above O'Caml, Smalltalk, Common Lisp, or any of my other tools. I have just found that ObjC + Cocoa + (possibly) the OmniGroup free code does most of what I need it to, and I feel like I am making good progress in learning it all and putting it into use.
I'm still looking for a job. There is a bright side to it, though -- I'm starting to look at menial labour as a way to make enough to pay the bills and put my share of food on the table. While that may not seem like much of a bright side, it does mean that I'll be able to let my mind wander at work, and I won't be too burned out when I get home to work on my projects.
The part that sucks is that my resume for menial labour is pretty limited -- my last experience in a gas station (where I'm most likely to start applying first) was six years ago. I'm worried about the "over-qualified" label getting in my way. I won't know 'til I try, though.
Neko is doing pretty good. It seems that Tracey has been a little lax with her -- her obedience has taken a few steps back. Karma is doing great, though. I have her responding to both her own commands and the same commands I use with Neko.
Other stuff
Getting Ellen set up on a Mac. I'm giving her my iMac, because I never use it anymore -- my iBook does everything I want it to, and it's a bit faster. FreeBSD has been a bit of a pain for her, as she's a recovering Windows user with very little time to learn something new. I figure OS X.1 will be good for her -- it's dead friendly, and stable enough.


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Well lets hear it boys, i'll be sure to tell you my opinion at about 4 a.m. even though I can tell you it right now. One of the greatest movies of all time and if you think this is good wait until The Two Towers is released!
Well lets hear it boys, i'll be sure to tell you my opinion at about 4 a.m. even though I can tell you it right now. One of the greatest movies of all time and if you think this is good wait until The Two Towers is released!
"One day I will become the most powerful Jedi (Sith) ever." Anakin Skywalker, Epi.II
Yoda is forever my hero now...
3 hours to go, I'll let you know in 6.
"Watch this, I'm going to horrify you into a coma..."
Going tomorrow night with 2 of my brothers and one of my homies (if I can get tickets, they are hotta than Gawja ashphalt!)
My older brother is a Trilogy of the Rings nut and told me that he thinks the movie will be better than Star Wars ANH (needless to say I was offended ). However I haven't seen the movie yet so I cannot judge-- yet!
"The dark side clouds everything. Impossible to see, the future is. But this I am sure of - do their duty the Jedi will." --Yoda from Attack of the Clones.
Considering how Lucas drew from LOTR for his inpiration, I don't think this will be the last time we see SW and LOTR compared to each other.
Personally, I prefer medievil-fantasy based stories to sci-fi. Star Wars is just that rare film that forces me to make an exception.
A few more hours to go........
Civilized men are more discourteous than savages because they know they can be impolite without having their skulls split. - Robert E. Howard
I wish words could describe this lump in my throat and this smile on my face. I cheered at its vastness and its detail. I wept at its beauty. It brings a melancholy joy to my heart. To see young Frodo and Gandalf in the Shire. To see the Fellowship in the deep caves of Moira. To wonder at its spectacle. Tolkein would be proud.
Truly the best film of the year.
Without a shadow of a doubt, the best movie ever to grace the silver screen, period!
I was dumbfounded at the richness of the scenery, the acting was the best I've seen in 10 years, I went breathless at the battle of Moria, and I shed a tear when Boromir died.
When the film was over, the sold out crowd got up and left the theatre without more than 10 words spoken by us all. I say men weeping, honest to God.
How anyone, Tolkien fan or not, can even fathom anything wrong with this picture is beyond me.
If the other 2 films are half as good as this one, the series will no doubt surpass my love and admiration for Star Wars and become my favorite films of all time.
"Watch this, I'm going to horrify you into a coma..."
The movie I have waited 21 years for is on the silver screen today, and I am working 350 miles from home and promised my fiance that I would wait to see it together with her when I get home for Christmas...ON MONDAY!
I am envious of those of you who have seen the movie and quite happy to hear those of you who loved it!
My wife treats me like an ATM machine. She pushes my buttons until I give her money.
Honestly. I liked it. I thought it was a beautiful movie, I especially loved the locations used...simply stunning. And yet, I still feel it was a little on the "blah" side. It didn't make me feel as though it had changed my life after watching it, nor did it dissapoint me. I saw it as a great movie. But nothing phenomenal.
I dare not go see it again, that's another three hours that I don't want to be stuck in a theater. It's not that it there wasn't a special feeling sitting there watching it...its just, I don't know.
I saw it, and I'm content with it.
I await the next movie with open arms. Mainly because I think that the first movie is always the stepping stone into a larger, greater world
I'm quite beyond you then. Aren't I?How anyone, Tolkien fan or not, can even fathom anything wrong with this picture is beyond me.
Last edited by Starfig873; 12-19-2001 at 04:29 PM.
"Two in the box, ready to go, we be fast, and they be slow!"
Check out my art at The Terrace Room!
I went to the midnight showing of LotR: Fellowship of the Ring lastnight and all I have to say is is that you guys will not be disappointed.
The beginning is the best part. Some parts are a little slow though.
I think they could have done better with the special effects.
It was awesome seeing Sauron fighting in that war at the beginning. He would knock at least 5-8 people back with one swing of his sword with one hand.
I give it two big thumbs up.


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Twenty-four hour urine collection is performed by collecting a person's urine in a special container over a 24-hour period. The results of a 24- hour urine collection may provide information to help your physician make or confirm a diagnosis.
An antegrade pyelogram is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dye and X-rays to diagnose obstructions and other problems in the upper urinary tract.
Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin that covers the tip of the penis.
CT/CAT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays and are often used to assess the kidneys for injuries, abnormalities, or disease.
A cystography is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dyes and X-rays to find the source of problems in, or assess injuries to the bladder.
Cystometry may be recommended to evaluate problems related to the muscle function of the bladder and urethra.
Cytoscopy is a procedure in which a long, lighted scope is used to examine the urinary tract, bladder, urethra, and openings to the ureters and is used when problems with the urinary tract are suspected.
An intravenous pyelogram is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dyes and X-rays to look for obstructions in the blood flow of the kidneys or poor kidney function.
A kidney biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present, or to determine how well the kidney is working.
A kidney scan uses nuclear radiology to assess the function and structure of the kidneys, as well as blood flow to the kidney tissue.
A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure performed to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from another person.
An ultrasound of the kidney uses An ultrasound of the kidney is a procedure in which sound wave technology is used to assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys in order to detect injuries, abnormalities or disease.
A KUB x-ray may be the first diagnostic procedure used to assess the urinary system; to find the cause of abdominal pain, such as masses, perforations, or obstruction; or to evaluate the urinary tract before other diagnostic procedures are performed.
Lithotripsy treats certain kidney stones with ultrasonic energy, or shock waves, once they are located with fluoroscopy or ultrasound.
A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.
A sonogram uses ultrasound technology to allow quick visualization of the prostate and related structures from outside the body. It may be used to examine the prostate gland for evidence of cancer.
A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure for the partial or complete removal of the prostate. It may be performed to treat prostatic cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
A renal angiogram, also called an arteriogram, is an x-ray image of the blood vessels of the kidneys.
A renal venogram is a procedure in which contrast dye is combined with X-rays to examine the veins that carry blow away from the kidneys. It is often nused in conjunction with fluoroscopy.
Retrograde cystography is a procedure in which contrast dye is combined with X-rays to examine a bladder after abdominal trauma, or to find other bladder conditions such as tumors, blood clots, or diverticula.
A retrograde pyelogram is a type of x-ray that uses dye to highlight the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis, and is usually performed during a procedure called cystoscopy.
Your prostate can be removed several ways. One way is for the surgeon to make several smaller cuts and removing the prostate using a tiny camera and surgical tools. This is called a laparoscopic prostatectomy. When a surgeon uses a robot during the procedure, it's known as a robotic prostatectomy.
A transurethral resection of the prostate is a surgical procedure that uses a tiny instrument to remove portions of the prostate gland through the penis, requiring no external incision.
Uroflowmetry is a quick, simple diagnostic screening test that is commonly performed to determine if there is obstruction to normal urine outflow.
Varicocele embolization is a type of medical procedure. It diverts blood away from an enlarged vein in your scrotum. Such a vein is called a varicocele. It can cause pain and swelling. A healthcare provider uses a long thin tube, or catheter, to ease these symptoms. He or she inserts the tube into a blood vessel to block (or embolize) the vein.
Vasectomy is surgical procedure you may choose if you are a man and you do not want to father any more children. The word "vasectomy" comes from the two tubes called the "vas deferens" that are cut during the operation.


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The History of Life in 24 Hours
Do you get impatient standing in line in the cafeteria? Well, your entire life is so far accounts for only 0.000000267% of Earth history? In the diagram above, it's not even a tiny point. So that time you spend in line? Well, that isn't so much after all.
Amazing But True!
It's really hard to understand how old Earth is. There's just no way to make it seem real. One way scientists try is to compress earth history into something understandable, like a 24-hour day. Our planet formed 4.5 billion years ago; let's call that midnight. Make the current time is midnight the following day. You may be surprised at how this goes!
Explore More
With the links below, learn more about the evolution of life on Earth. Match up the organisms in the NOVA interactive with the timeline in the Asap SCIENCE video. Then answer the following questions.
- NOVA Ed: A Brief History of Life: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/brief-history-life.html
- Asap SCIENCE: The Evolution of Life on Earth in 24-Hours: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2_6cqa2cP4
- If Earth forms at midnight, at what time does the first life appear? When are the first eukaryotes? When is the first multicellular life?
- What is the Cambrian explosion? What are some of the life forms that roam the seas?
- At what time do plants and animals begin to colonize the land?
- What happened in the Cretaceous Period? When was the mass extinction that ended the reign of the dinosaurs?
- When do humans emerge? How long is all recorded history? How long has your life been?


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Doris and I spent the better part of the day at our range. Doris shot her Remington 870 Express with 3" Hevi-13 shotshells with 1.25 oz. of #6 shot through the SSX and scored some impressive targets. We were most interested in 3" circles, since that's her still target gun and she had several 30s which match her World Record set in 2006.
We did however look at a lot of 10" circles for density and coverage and it would have taken a very lucky turkey to have escaped from any of them. She uses her competition gun for turkey hunting as well, so it's very important to her to know how it will pattern for turkeys at 40 yards.
We also shot the "new" 20 gauge Mossberg 500, the 12 gauge Benelli SBE, the Mossberg 930 and my Savage 210. The 930 and the SBE were pretty equal in patterning but the 930 was a lot easier on the body.
I still have several other guns to try in the next month and see what will work best in October at the World Championship Still Target Shoot.
We put a lot of shells down range today and counted a lot of holes on paper.
Since Doris started shooting in 2006, it's a lot easier and more fun to spend time at the range. We help each other by hanging targets and cleaning guns for each other.
Our shooting together has allowed us to introduce many other shooters, including several women to the sport. We also shoot pistols together and recently completed the NRA Pistol Instructor course so that we can teach others to shoot handguns.
This shooting thing is so much fun and I'd encourage any and all of you to encourage your "significant other" to get involved in the sport.


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I wasn't really surprised when I saw this Fox News interview. I've been criticized on RTF for in the end supporting a candidate that I hated because of the race baiting campaign I saw him run in the primary. Well, I dropped McCain like a hot potato with his choice of Palin. It appears that maybe I was justified...
Also, I'm reading that the $150k shopping spree that so many were upset about, what we knew was just the tip of the iceberg, and that the reality was kept from McCain to keep him from blowing up.
I may regret my vote someday, but right now I feel pretty good about it.


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Lucas and Kathleen Kennedy discussing in this video, in general terms, the future of Star Wars movies now that Disney has bought Lucasfilm. Lucas is once again playing with that "from a certain point of view" spin to the future of Star Wars, he personally isn't making them but it doesn't mean they won't be made.
"I'm doing this so the films will have a longer life" - George Lucas.


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Eugene D. Phillips
MADISON/VERONA- Eugene D. Phillips, age 93, passed away at home following a short illness on Sunday, December 2, 2012. He was born in Potosi on April 5, 1919, the son of David W. and Mary Ellen (Willis) Phillips.
He graduated from Iron Horse High School as Valedictorian in 1937. Eugene married Annie Venden on November 23, 1939. He worked at the Warwick Wax Plant in Kansas for 16 years, and was employed for 23 years by Bethel Lutheran Church as their maintenance man and custodian.
Eugene was an artist who enjoyed painting and drawing. He was a talented musician who enjoyed gardening and playing with electronics.
He is survived by his son, David (Patty) Phillips; grandchildren, Brenda (Tom) Diederich, Russell (Kerri) Phillips, Erik Phillips, and Kristen (Jeffrey) Sacks; ten great-grandchildren, Ashley, Ambriel, Nick and Jacob Diederich, Rosie, Alanna, and Kaylee Phillips, and Terrance, Carter and Michael Sacks; two great-great-grandchildren, Alexis and Aaron; and a daughter-in-law, Mary Phillips.
He was preceded in death by his wife, Annie, in 2007; a son, Terrance Phillips; a grandson, Alan Phillips; four brothers; and two sisters.
A funeral service will be held at 11 a.m. on Thursday, December 6, 2012, at RYAN FUNERAL HOME, VERONA CHAPEL, 220 Enterprise Dr., with the Rev. Alison Williams presiding. Visitation will be held from 10 a.m. until the time of service at the funeral home. Burial will be held at York Memorial Lutheran Cemetery in Blanchardville.
In lieu of flowers, memorials can be made to Agrace HospiceCare, Inc., or to Bethel Lutheran Church.
The family would like to extend a special thanks to the staff at Willow Pointe and Agrace HospiceCare, Inc., for their support during this difficult time.


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Warman's Kickfighting Show #54 and #55, Listen to Us Dissect the Kickboxing World
- Written by Dave Walsh
In episode 54 of the Warman Kickfighting Show I once again join Steven Wright to discuss the happenings of the Kickboxing and Muay Thai worlds. As Steven was in attendance at the UFC event over the weekend cornering Shane Roller of Team Takedown, which meant travel, this show which was supposed to be up sooner took a little bit longer, but it was worth it. We work out any technical issues we had the first time around and take a look at the recent K-1 MAX, It's Showtime and Thai Fight events, as well as SuperKombat and Mike Zambidis having a successful comeback fight after the loss to JWP.
It was a lot to cover and we did so in the course of an hour, with a look at how stars are made within the tournament format and how there are a lot of bright spots coming up in the kickboxing world, especially at 70kg. (Direct Download)
There is a whole lot to cover and we do our best, which leads us into the next episode! The next episode we take a long, hard look at the loss of Badr Hari, Gokhan Saki and possibly Tyrone Spong from the kickboxing world and just what that means. We also look at how Hari and Saki would potentially make a Boxing career work and what impact they could really have. There has been a lot of negative stuff going around focusing on lack of depth of talent and a lot of that simply is not true, as we go into depth on these issues and more. (Direct Download)
To subscribe to the Warman Kickfighting show search for "Lordgaul" on iTunes or head over to this blog.


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Thursday, August 16, 2012
What's New at the Fat Quarter Shop
Posted by Fat Quarter Shop at 9:00 AM
Labels: Blogger's Choice, Michael Miller Fabrics
15 comments:
- needle and nest said...
I don't know how you all restrain yourselves when you're around all that gorgeousness all day long! I'm loving Heather Ross's new line, Nursery Versery. :)
- August 16, 2012 at 9:06 AM
- Sew Loquacious Angela said...
They are all lovely!
- August 16, 2012 at 9:15 AM
- jednoiglec said...
Definitely Birds and the Bees by Tula Pink. I am disappointed that you don't have Field Study by Anna Maria Horner:(
- August 16, 2012 at 11:24 AM
- Heidi Staples said...
I love seeing all this new fabric...what fun! I'm especially excited about Out to Sea. Such a perfect fabric for my girls!
- August 16, 2012 at 12:34 PM
- Marcia W. said...
Birds and Bees
- August 16, 2012 at 1:51 PM
- Gunilla said...
Great to see photos from the shop! More please!!! New favourite: Out to sea.:)
- August 16, 2012 at 2:38 PM
- Bente-I like to QuiltBlog said...
I love them all, but the Mirror Ball Dots are fantastic!!!!
- August 16, 2012 at 2:41 PM
- Rosa said...
I´ll love to lose in these awesome fabrics and play with them.Enjoy!!
- August 16, 2012 at 3:31 PM
- Tina O. said...
I'm liking the Sorbet and the small dots.
- August 16, 2012 at 4:21 PM
- Stitched With Prayer said...
Doootttttssss...Oh my gosh, I love the polka dots and they are bright happy colors to boot!!! I really need some in my meager stash. I think I need to start saving in a hurry so that I can get some of each of these Micheal Miller beauties. I love all of the collections you show in this post but oh those dots and Mirror Balls...*sigh* wonderful. Hugs...
- August 16, 2012 at 8:50 PM
- Cal said...
Thanks for the early peak! Some are calling my name for sure. Those large dots, the new pat bravo{s indie, and also the the out to sea!
- August 17, 2012 at 8:30 AM
- Snoodles said...
Gorgeous! I'm drooling!
- August 17, 2012 at 9:01 AM
- Dayjilly said...
The Mirror Ball Dots are calling my name................
- August 17, 2012 at 10:42 AM
- Candi said...
I love all the fabric, I just don't know how you all work there and not go crazy every time you open the boxes!!!!!!! I do think the Out to Sea would make a darling quilt!!!
Have fun today!!!
- August 17, 2012 at 12:09 PM
- Manderley de GuindillayCanela said...
I love pinhead dots, so cute!
- August 18, 2012 at 5:19 AM


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Gold linker + CentOS5 NFS client + Solaris 10 NFSd = ballache
I've spent a day and a half being completely bewildered by a weird NFS bug where ELF binaries (but not other files) written to an NFS mount show up on remote hosts with the correct file size but consisting entirely of nul zero bytes, but only when written from CentOS5 hosts, not from Solaris, Fedora or RHEL6 hosts.
I eventually narrowed it down to the Gold linker, which writes files using
mmap, and the CentOS5 2.6.18 kernel has a bug when writing files with
mmap to NFS mounts.
There was a very similar RHEL4 bug that should be fixed in my kernel, but for some reason the
kernel-2.6.18-redhat.patch file in the SRPM comments out the fix. I don't know why.
Maybe this post will show up for anyone else searching for the symptoms, because I didn't have much luck searching the web for it.
My solution is to avoid Gold on CentOS5 (since we can't easily stop using NFS, unfortunately) but I wish I could get that day of my life back.
Update: The
distcc FAQ (search for Files written to NFS filesystems are corrupt) mentions this problem and refers to a post to the distcc list and a post to the linux-nfs list where a workaround using the
no_subtree_check option for nfsd is given, but that assumes the NFS server is linux, and mine isn't


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Apart from the fact that you do have things to hide — or wasn't it you who posted nudie pics of yourself and your beloved online? (and was it really for the sake of living a transparent life?) — the claim that people have "nothing to hide" and that, therefore, government surveillance must be okay, is torn to pieces by George Washington University law professor Daniel Solove's 2011 book Nothing to Hide: The False Tradeoff Between Privacy and Security (Yale University Press).
Solove argues that the problems of government surveillance go well beyond the watching and collecting. While most debate about privacy centers on themes along the lines of the all-seeing telescreens in George Orwell's 1984, Solove says a better example is Franz Kafka's The Trial, a chillingly prescient early 19th-century novel about a man arrested but not told why, and whose attempts to find explanation only result in vague information that he is being investigated by some authority for some unknown transgression.
"Government information-gathering programs are problematic even if no information that people want to hide is uncovered," Solove writes. "In The Trial, the problem is not inhibited behavior but rather a suffocating powerlessness and vulnerability created by the court system's use of personal data and its denial to the protagonist of any knowledge of or participation in the process. The harms are bureaucratic ones — indifference, error, abuse, frustration, and lack of transparency and accountability."
Beyond that, claiming "nothing to hide," Solove points out, suggests that what's hidden is bad, wrong, or illegal. But "Surveillance . . . can inhibit such lawful activities as free speech, free association, and other First Amendment rights essential for democracy," he writes.
There is also the key question of whether people own their own data. "Many government national-security measures involve maintaining a huge database of information that individuals cannot access," Solove writes. "Indeed, because they involve national security, the very existence of these programs is often kept secret." Calling this collection a "due-process problem," in which citizens are denied power over themselves and their information, Solove says this creates "a power imbalance between people and the government. . . . This issue isn't about what information people want to hide but about the power and the structure of government."
Solove also notes a key vulnerability that even law-abiding citizens have to government misinterpretation. "For example, suppose government officials learn that a person has bought a number of books on how to manufacture methamphetamine. That information makes them suspect that he's building a meth lab. What is missing from the records is the full story: The person is writing a novel about a character who makes meth. . . . Should he have to worry about government scrutiny of all his purchases and actions? He might not want to have to worry about how everything he does will be perceived by officials nervously monitoring for criminal activity. He might not want to have a computer flag him as suspicious because he has an unusual pattern of behavior."
So it's not that you have nothing to hide. It's that revealing all would leave you naked and powerless before the fearsome strength of the government — which is the very opposite of freedom.
_Jeff Inglis
'Metadata' matters: Four calls or texts can ID you
If your concern is focused on whether the government is listening to your phone conversations, you're worrying about the wrong thing. Cellphone "metadata" — whom you call, when, from where, and how often — is much more interesting, and much more invasive than whether someone hears you say, "Hi. It's me. Can you please get milk?"
A study published in the online academic journal Scientific Reports in March details exactly how just four pieces of "spatio-temporal" data can "uniquely identify 95 percent of . . . individuals" without hearing any phone conversations or reading any text messages.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Catholic University in Belgium, and the Complex Systems Institute in Chile studied cellphone company data covering 1.5 million people's calls over 15 months. The data provided did not contain callers' names or addresses; it included only the time and location of the connecting cellular antenna each time a phone received or sent a call or text message.
By charting the series of antenna connections over time, the researchers were able to construct a map of each phone's movement, which they called a "mobility trace." In 95 percent of the traces, just four points of time-location data were needed to tell that trace uniquely apart from the others in the large dataset. (The most difficult traces to focus in on needed only 11 locations before becoming unique.)
While the study does admit that additional, outside, data would be needed to connect a mobility trace to a person's name, the researchers observe that many pieces of location information are a matter of public record (such as property ownership files), are disclosed voluntarily through online check-ins (Facebook, Foursquare), or are easily searchable (business addresses).
In an example offered on Democracy Now on June 12, cybersecurity expert Susan Landau said this: "When Sun Microsystems was bought by Oracle, there were a number of calls that weekend before. One can imagine just the trail of calls. First the CEO of Sun and the CEO of Oracle talk to each other. Then probably they both talk to their chief counsels. Then maybe they talk to each other again, then to other people in charge. And the calls go back and forth very quickly, very tightly. You know what's going to happen. You know what the announcement is going to be on Monday morning, even though you haven't heard the content of the calls."
And even without a name attached, drawing a picture of events is simple, Landau said: "The metadata of a phone call tells what you do as opposed to what you say. If you call from the hospital . . . and then later in the day the doctor calls you, and then you call the surgeon, and then when you're at the surgeon's office you call your family, it's pretty clear, just looking at that pattern of calls, that there's been some bad news."
Bad news is right.
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Rhode Island Teacher Education Program
Students who hold the baccalaureate degree and who have majored in or completed a substantial amount of course work in an appropriate academic area (see appropriate academic areas below) may pursue the secondary education teaching certificate in that area through the RITE program. This is not a degree program, and courses taken in this program cannot be used in any graduate degree program at Rhode Island College. This program is designed so that successful applicants can, in most cases, complete the required course work within four consecutive semesters.Appropriate academic areas are:
- Biology
- Chemistry
- English
- French
- General Science
- History
- Mathematics
- Physics
- Social Studies
- World Languages - (concentration in French, Portuguese, or Spanish, PK / K-12 certification)
To apply, Visit the Feinstein School of Education and Human Development website.


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at your Corporate Eventsshop now view packages
Dressed in gold lame bikinis and tiaras Meter Maids have strolled the streets of Surfers Paradise feeding expired parking meters, & are now an international celebration of Surfers Paradise. Despite six decades of constant change in Surfers Paradise the Metermaids not only remain relevant, but have established themselves as a tourist favourite and expectation.
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Ready For the Media Spotlight!
Secure your own iconic Surfers Paradise Metermaids memorbilia, visit our online shop for a range of exciting options!shop now