text: European Environment Agency's home page http://www.eea.europa.eu COM(2011) 808 final http://www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/com-2011-808-final Horizon 2020 - The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation No publisher technological innovation research innovation 2012/03/15 11:25:28 GMT+2 Policy Document Environmental tax reform in Europe: opportunities for eco-innovation http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-tax-reform-opportunities Environmental policy instruments are frequently characterised as obstacles to economic activity but environmental taxes can, in fact, be the opposite — serving as catalysts for the creativity that underpins thriving economies. 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No publisher car industry technological innovation climate change road transport rail public transport second generation biofuels green technology transport emissions automobile manufacturer greenhouse gas emissions passenger transport global warming fuel consumption CO2 air pollution CO2 emissions trams tires biofuels life expectancy waterways cycles bicycle lanes buses fossil fuels cars 2008/02/22 14:23:50 GMT+2 File Reducing climate impacts from international aviation: Europe leads the way http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/climate/multimedia/reducing-climate-impacts-from-international-aviation-europe-leads-the-way/view The European Commission is proposing legislation to bring the aviation sector into the European Union's pioneering emissions trading scheme (EU ETS) in order to control the rapid growth in CO2 emissions from air travel. Until now airlines have not been subject to the constraints on energy consumption or greenhouse gas emissions that other businesses have to live with. 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ORIGINAL: TurkeyComander
I can remember the last time I used Dr.Toms Turkey Scent just like it was yesterday.
I had just put out my hen da'coy spread and was real carefull to just sprinkled a few drops behind their ears. (that stuff is real powerfull).
I had just made it back to the safety of my out'e house turkey blind when I realized that I had accidently spilled the bottle of Dr.Toms Turkey Scent on my britches leg. [:-]
I kept telling myself everthings going to be okay....just calm down.
I zipperd all my windows shut except the one in front...I hit my call...yelp..yelp..yelp....at that very instance I heard a thunderous gobble just behind my out'e house turkey blind...I purt near jumped out the front window.
The old gobbler was strutting and drumming to beat the band...I could hear him rubbing his feathers up and down the back of the blind...kinda like he was caressing the blind.
By now I was shaking like a leaf.....I just kept telling myself it's okay he can't get in this blind with you.
Then I heard the flapping of wings....whosh..whosh..whosh I looked up and he was air born and heading straight for the front window...needless to say I slipped out the back door and high tailed it to my truck.
As I was driving away I kept seeing his shadow following me down the highway..it was weeks before I went back to get my blind.
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Yeah you tell'em menmon! Those damn, evil, rich doctors! Are you serious?
Yeah you tell'em menmon! Those damn, evil, rich doctors! Are you serious?
You say "a lot of money for a small problem". I would expect that an investment banker would be smart enough TO JUST SAY NO! But then I must be wrong.
When it comes to medicare and medicaid, more and more doctors are JUST SAYING NO, even though it goes against their moraals and ethics. I for one always said no to medicaid and luckily did not have to make a choice about medicare since dentistry was not a part of medicare.
Like all here I am also a patient. I have a GP, endocrinologist, opthomologist, neurologist, dermatologist, gastroentromoligist,(no cardiologist). All I am extremely happy with. Thankfully all are much younger than I. May you can be as lucky someday, or maybe you are and just don't know it.
I hope that you never have to lie on an operating table with your life in the balance and a surgeon looking over your condition and praying to God that he knows what he is doing...
How does this change the fact that McCaskill wants my guns ? and is willing to bold face lie and talk circles trying to throw everyone off her trail.
As far a s mental health care the problem starts with to many people not wanting to admit and call out people with mental problems ,because its not politically correct and might hurt someones feelings. It begins with local officials and common people being willing to call a spade a spade.
People have gone soft and no one has the balls to stand up and say " this guy is a retard and somebody better due something with him before I secure my safety " like it or not this is what needs to happen. But instead our society turns a blind eye and whispers like a church lady at a bridge game spreading gossip.Then when they snap and kill people everyone looks around and says "I knew he was crazy"
I'm sure this will piss someone off because I didnt use proper grammar and wasnt sophisticated and say mentally ill, but whatever,suck it up and get a pair.
Edit I do understand there are those that are mentally ill and mean no harm to society .
Last edited by shawninthesticks; 04-28-2013 at 10:00 AM.
Menmon...I totally disagree with your comments ondoctors. My Internist stopped practicing medicine last year and went towork in a hospital's administration. He was one of the bestdoctors I ever had. He told me that after reviewing the newObamacare plan that the quality of care he could provide would be compromised,that he could not take...this is happening too many of our good doctors, theyare fed up with the direction of our country, and they do not want to be'Government Employees' so to speak!
The average doctor goes to school 10-12 years beyond highschool. They carry with them into their first real jobs debt exceeding$100K, $200k or more....yet if they are successful, some of you criticize theirlife styles...I thought in the USA those who work the hardest, risk the most,have the best success. That is exactly why historically, we have enjoyed thevery best in the world when it comes to our health and related medicalservices. We are now, systematically giving this up! Primarilybecause people like you who do not 'get it' voted for Obama (or chose not tovote)… Nuff-Said!
Exactly Bon!
My last surgery was to repair a hernia. The surgeon got paid $400. The anesthesiologists got paid $1000. The hospital got a whopping $7000 for me being in there less than 3 hours about 2.5 hours to be exact. Now I don't see the doctors or surgeons as being a problem.
Back to original topic. There are several common characteristics that the mass shooting have but the one that doesn't get much air time and i feel is a major problem is the fact that these kids are on some type of medication be it Ritalin, adderall or any of the other drugs they use. Our society is becoming more and more dependent on drugs whether legal or illegal. My wife is a dental hygienists and she said it is a rarity for a women to come in that isn't on some kind of anti depressant. Boys are being drugged for basically being energetic boys. That is what I was when I was growing up. I couldn't sit still and always had lots of energy(dang wish I still had that). They tried to medicate me and my mom said no way. She advised my teachers to assign me extra work because I was smart and got my work done early and would then bother other students. The ones that listen to her found it worked. The ones that were smarter than any dumb parent would suffer the consequences of me being a pain in their rear. Now this was 35-40 years ago and a lot has changed. Many parents want little Johnny put on some drug because now little Johnny will sit in front of a video game or tv for hours and they don't have to be bothered with little Johnny being an active little boy! Think about it and ask around. You will be amazed at how many kids are being drugged to be "normal" and now they think that they have to take a "pill" to be normal.
I am on my phone so I apologize for any grammar and spelling errors!
CPR HRCH Scott's Sweet Brandy
HR UH Scott's Little Pistol JH (Annie)
Kankakee River HRC
NRA Life Member
I had the priviledge of serving on a non-profit Board of Directors that was comprised of about 30-40 Psychiatrists along with many auxilary personel treating the mentally ill. Most if not all of the patients were covered by medicaid. The coverage was all of North West Tennessee. Most of treatment was initial councilling, followed with medication. Unfortunately,k there is no way to determine whether or not patients continue to take the medication as prescribed. In fact, many of them would wind up in the emergency room as a result of overdose as a result of improper management of their medication. Many sanatariams have been closed due to the high cost and this is the only treatment regime for many of these types of patients. Even the cost of this type of treatment is very expensive. The cost of hospitalization would be far greater. I don't know how all would feel as to a solution but maybe this will help you in your thoughts.
Heck, our county sheriff owns a couple of these homes! His brother worked for me several years ago when I was a concrete contractor and the money his family made off of the unstable was unbelievable. At one time his father had some where around 300 "clients" in various homes.
I dont have the answers ,but can see the problems.


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I truely have no idea how to fix this problem.
To grant ASP.NET access to a file, right-click the file in Explorer, choose "Properties" and select the Security tab. Click "Add" to add the appropriate user or group. Highlight the ASP.NET account, and check the boxes for the desired access.
do they mean the file containing the asp.net? or the asp.net file itself?
chill man !! it's not like i am spamming the website.. i just didn't know which category my question best goes. so take it easy
apparently my computer didn't support IIS so I downloaded iis 7.5 express.. after installing it, I couldn't find out how to use it. it doesn't even show in my control panel\administrative tools.
SerialPort port = new SerialPort("COM8", 9600, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One); try { port.Open(); port.WriteLine("Give me data!!!"); string data = port.ReadLine(); Response.Write(data); } finally { if(port.IsOpen) port.Close();//<---this is the important bit!!! }
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I made it three days without really thinking about my work. Pretty impressive for me to be able to pull that off. Unfortunately it ended with the kind of dreams you get when you put a project aside when there is an outstanding bug in the process. I am going to try to figure out the logical issues further this weekend when I am surrounded with peace and quiet at the lake. Can't wait! Hopefully I will be able to take some nice walks and get some thinking done.
Today is the day to switch out the server box. I really wish the SME Server v. 5.6 was out. Thanks all you guys at Mitel! Your work just gets better and better (and that is saying nothing about the business model and the bigger picture coming from Mitel). Can't believe I have been running this thing since E-Smith v. 4.0. It was my very first introduction to linux. What a good introduction it was - and remains. Keep up the good work.
Why didn't I back up my mozilla bookmarks? Why Why Why!!!What a pain in the ass!!! Maybe I just didn't apply my backup correctly. One of these days I will get a good system down. In fact the box I am moving the server to has a second HD that I was going to use for backup purposes or RAID. I think backup would be a good move. It will be nice to have all that power back on the server.
I have been reading up on building antennas and broadcasting some wireless love downtown. I am so glad there is something that fulfills my geek needs and that can utilize my construction skills. I just love building things. The hardest part is getting the nic in my laptop to run in monitor mode. Getting the hostap driver to work has been nothing but hell, but wlan-ng works fine. I dunno. I gave up for a few days. Oh yeah.. That reminds me to get with the apradar guy. I like his idea. Too bad his project ranks below such questionable efforts on the linuxfund site. Something like user friendly wireless support for linux would be an amazing advancement for mankind - not to mention linux users like me ;-)
I think I am going to fork/shave the DDF business plan. Blame it on Peter Drucker. Primarily it was his advice to GE some time ago that made a difference in my mind. He told them to drop every operation that they were not the first of second best in the world at. Those dreams last night really cleared things up. I worry a lot as far as governance is concerned. I keep thinking that the high level vision is too focused on small level stuff I think. Maybe it is that I don't have a diverse enough group at the executive level. Not quite sure. Will think on that topic this weekend. It will probably end up being a large essay on the functionality of open source projects.
Well, that's enough for this morning. Time to get my groove on for the day.


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In "Decision Time," Editor Brian Lovett shares a scenario from his 20-plus years hunting turkeys. Each hinges on a critical decision. Post what choice you would have made, and then see how things actually turned out.
Conclusion: A Hard Road
I hadn't called to the bird since he answered my yelps, so we had no clear indication that he was coming. Further, we hadn't fired him up too much yet. With that in mind, my buddy and I left the busy roadway and jogged to the pines. I'd much rather push the envelope than wait for disaster to unfold.
We didn't see or spook the bird on our approach, so I set up quickly and readied my call. When the longbeard cut off my first series of yelps, I felt very good about our move. And when a hen and two gobblers emerged from around the corner and walked steadily to within 25 yards of our decoys, I felt even better.
After the shot, my buddy and I congratulated each other on the great flash-hunt and our perfectly executed move. Maybe I even have let out a war-whoop. Heck, if you were driving on that county highway, you might have heard it.
What decision did you make?
Click here to return to the scenario.
Click here to get the jump on pressured bucks this fall.


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A limited number of scholarships are available for school groups participating in the museum's school programs to cover program fees.
Typically, full scholarships are awarded to schools if 50 percent or more of their students are eligible for a free or reduced lunch program. Schools with less than 50 percent may be awarded a half scholarship. Schools can request a scholarship for program fees by completing a scholarship application. There are additional scholarships funds to cover up to $250 in bus costs. Please note: programs cannot be scheduled prior to scholarship review.
We appreciate the support of several donors who have made these scholarships available. Click here to learn about giving for scholarships.


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mark hay wrote:Here's wishing you Pa. Boys a good season . It's amazing how turkeys seem to be non-existent during early fall .
I understand how the snow can help ,,,,BUT I PERSONALLY HOPE TO NEVER SEE THAT STUFF AGAIN .
Hi Mark how have you been making out with the birds or are you still working on the wood shed?
I personally like the snow in turkey season as long as it is only 4" or less , then it can go away for another year.


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|>> Archive: Salmon & Steelhead Flies Spey flies to mixed wings, new innovations
|Topic Review (Newest First)
Nicely tied fly.
And you hit-the-nail-on-the-head in that as long as a fly is true to color and placement of the materials, it is not a different fly, nor a modification of the fly.
Let us not forget that if you entire a fly tying contest for a classic featherwing salmon fly, you must tie the fly true to pattern or else the fly is disqualified. Substitution of materials is allowed; but you cannot change the color or placement of the materials. This has been the cast for over 100 years and is the long established norm of fly tying compititions. Therefore, it is the defacto standard that we should all ascribe too.
Also, if a person ties flies commercially he better tie all of them the same way and they better also be true to pattern or else he is not going to be in business very long. Shops and customers demand that flies be consistent and true to pattern fly after fly after fly. Even if they want 200 dozen of a particular fly in three different sizes with delivery in 14 days, the tyer better tie them all the same and they better also be true to pattern or the shop will reject them.
If you buy a "Super Duper Flame Spey" this week, you expect to get exactly the same fly, tied in exactly the same way if you buy it again 6 months from now. And you expect that if your friend orders the same fly, he will get exactly the same fly that you have.
Bravo Lambchop!
I think your comments, "...to each his own" and "...the tyer alone should be the judge...", have put this thread in to proper perspective.
I shudder to think of the stunted and clinical work we'd produce if we were purged of our individual style, perception(s), and above all, creativity and creative liscense.
So (IMO), throw away the micrometers and the 'rule books', thumb your nose at the 'experts', let your imagination run wild, and have FUN.
Just think!
To think that all of this discussion could have been averted by the original post simply saying,
"MY version of the Sol Duc......"
Then it would have taken all of the wind out of everyone's sails....
Remind me if I ever post here, to say that at the start - I substitute materials if I am out, or modify a pattern to suit myself...
Kick me in the head, if you like, but I tie my flies to catch fish, not to argue fine points of accuracy!
A rose by any other name.
I see the point it giving credit for the name and style of a certain fly. But just since I throw a little something different into it doesn't mean I should give it a new name. If I use badger red hackle instead of red thats no reason to give it a new name. I agree with flytyer that to warrant that it should be a significant change. So when do I have to give "my" new fly a name? I think the tyer alone should be judge of that one. I think Igor may agree with me on that one. To each his own.
I believe Mr. Glasso ( like all great fly-tiers) possessed great creativity. To turn out a fly that looks exactly like the last is boring and mind numbing. I can't say for certain but the evidence seems to support he himself tied variants of his own patterns. Did he think these were no less a Sol Duc? Probably not.
I did a swap about a year ago with 11 other tyers. Only 1 pattern was allowed, the GB Skunk. All 12 flies looked different. Thats what is great about fly tying- personal expression.
Attached is a pic of a recently completed Em Durham. True to colors I may add. It's for a swap on another board but if interested in getting in PM me and I'll give you the link.
|Thanks very much this helps me alot. I want to make sure that if I do make the mentioned modifications that it is well documented. and yes your absolutely right about the confusion part ! I like to try to keep the flies in the true fashion in which they were tied. I feel very strongly that who ever the originator is this person must have put alot of work in the actual design and feather selection. I know nowadays you cannot always use the actual feather in the original recipe but I believe the Fly tying world understands this and accepts it. Again thanks !
There is much confusion in the fly tying world around Modifications. The long established and accepted meaning for modification, as applied to flies) is found in Kelson, Francis, Blacker, Hardy, etc. in their books from the mid-to-late 1800's. Shewey uses the term correctly in his book and he refers to making some small, insignificant change to a fly. However, he is correct in that if you do this, you should acknowledge that it is a modification of the original fly.
The substitution of materials is perfectly acceptable and is a long standing practice in fly tying, and substituting materials is not a modification provided t he colors remain the same. I.e. using black dyed mallard flank instead of soft black hackle for the throat hackle on a Sol Duc Spey doesn't change the fly's colors at all; therefore, it is still a Sol Duc Spey, or using mottled turkey for speckled bustard in a full-dressed featherwing, or using dyed small feather substitutes for kingfisher, toucan, or Indian Crow.
However, if you change the color of some part of the fly, it becomes either a modification (meaning it is a very small change, i.e. eliminating the tail of a Sol Duc; changing the sequence of the body colors on a multi-color body, from rear 1/2 orange and front 1/2 red to rear 1/2 red and front 1/2 orange; or changing the color hue of the dubbing; i.e. from bright purple to reddish purple), or an entirely new fly (i.e. change the wing color from purple to blue or the body color from red to hot pink or the hackle color from black to wine).
Another modification would be using a different feather for the wing of a dee style fly from brown turkey or G.P. to Reeves Pheasant. This change doesn't change the color of the fly or the overall impression the fly makes; therefore, it is a modification. Another common modification is the elimination or addition of jungle cock cheeks to a fly to either brighten it up or to tone it down.
Fly names
Since I have only been tying fly's for about a year now and speys less than that. I have a question. If it is not the original material would it me more appropriate to append the word "modified" on it? I know sometimes I just cannot find the material I need to complete the fly that I want to tie but I always try to come up with a good substitute. I noticed that the word modified was used the in the John Shewey book for some certain fly's.
Hmm that is odd, now I am confused. I am curious as to what the original pattern actually is/was.
Bob Ververka tied a Sol Duc Spey for an article on this site a few years back and here it is:
I have read that he studied under Syd Glasso and he uses black for the throat. Will try and send him an email and ask him if he could expand on the original dressings of this fly.
As a newer student in the history of steelhead flies this discussion has been very interesting.
Thanks for the link - IMO very informative and accurate.
I've never seen a Glasso Sol Duc tied with yellow floss on the body. Nor have I ever seen a Glasso Sol Duc Spey with yellow floss, G.P. breast feather wing, and teal throat. Every Glasso tied Sol Duc that I have seen as the same body as the Orang Heron: fl. orange floss and hot orange dubbing. Likewise, every Glasso tied Sol Duc Spey I have seen has the Orange Heron Body of fl. orange floss and hot orange dubbing, not yellow floss and dark orange dubbing. Nor have I seen a Glasso tied Sol Duc Spey with G.P. breast feather wing; they all were tied with hot orange hackle tips and a black throat. Also, I have not seen a Glasso Sol Duc Spey with the hackle started right at the end of the body. Every one of the ones I have seen had the hackle started at the second turn of tinsel, not the end of the body.
Perhaps Taylor wanted Glasso to tie him some with the body color changed. Interesting to say the least.
Glasso himself (as reported in Fly Tyer back in the 1970's) wrote that the Sol Duc, Sol Duc Dark, and Sol Duc Spey were the forerunners of the Orange, Brown, and Gold Herons. Glasso said that the Orange Heron only changed the hackle to Gray Heron from the Yellow Saddle (actually schlappen) used on all three of the Sol Duc flies. He said that the Gray Heron "muted" the brightness of the Sol Duc series.
Thanks Stu
|Thanks for sharing that GREAT link, Stu.
|Stu Farnham
Some interesting info
Curioser and curioser...
For a man with as much impact as Syd Glasso has had, the information available about him, and the extant photos of his flies, are relatively rare. In a google search for "Glasso Orange Heron" I came across the following article by Art Lingren in the newsletter of the BCFFF. It includes photographs of a number of his flies tied by Syd for Bob Taylor.
The Sol Duc Spey is tied with a teal throat.
Here's the link:
Igor, FT's comments were candid and accurate. period. So he cut to the chase..., I have found FT's candor refreshing, his knowledge vast, and in fact, have been trying to work out the details of this digital camera specifically so I can offer up my own work for similar critique...
I just hope he replies when I do!!
I agree completely. I've always valued the tone of friendship and helpfulness of this site. It's unique. People have always seemed to go out of their way when there are differences of opinion to avoid the type of nasty confrontation that's so prevalent on so many other sites. There are differences, sometimes great areas of disagreement, but the participants have always seemed to not want to compromize the site. Lets keep it that way.
Cmon Igor. We do not need flame wars on this site. Not one of your posts has been on the constructive side since you joined the forum. If you have a personal beef with Flytyer lets keep it off the site.
Flytyer acknowledged his err in tone to pastord, (if you knew Flytyer you would know his point was not to knock pastords ties in the least) what else do you want?
If you look at the history of this forum we are all a civil bunch and respect EVERY tyers work.
It is only a web forum. Please try not to take it so personal. No malice was intended on anyone's part.
Lets get back to tying,
-sean (FFF admin)
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Log In now to add this Gigapan to a group gallery.
Log In now to add this Gigapan to a gallery.
About This GigapanToggle
- Taken by
- Tom Lauwers
- Explore score
- 58
- Size
- 0.36 Gigapixels
- Views
- 7627
- Date added
- Nov 13, 2008
- Date taken
- Nov 05, 2008
- Categories
- Galleries
- Competitions
- Tags
- brussel, bruxelles, brussels, belgium, belgie, belgique, square, buildings, market
- Description
This panorama shows about two-thirds of the central square of Brussels. Not pictured is the City Hall, which will be uploaded soon.
Gigapan Comments (3)Toggle Minimize gigapan_comment
Oh, and I believe this one was about 150 pictures. The full 360 was around 350 pictures. Taken with a Canon SD800 with 3.8X optical zoom.
A while back ago I did take one, but it was very cloudy and the Gigapan was not horizontal: www.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id= 285From that experience I decided to try to take the Grand place in two gigapans instead, one of them is this one, the other is at: www.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id= 12328
Nice pic. How many pics have you took to create this panorama? It'll will be great to have a 360 of Brussels central square. Ciao
Where in the World is this GigaPan?Toggle
Stitcher NotesToggleMinimize
GigaPan Stitcher version 0.4.3510 (Windows)
Panorama size: 357 megapixels (33549 x 10666 pixels)
Input images: 152 (19 columns by 8 rows)
Field of view: 202.5 degrees wide by 64.4 degrees high (top=50.0, bottom=-14.4)
All default settings
Original image properties:
Camera make: Canon
Camera model: Canon PowerShot SD800 IS
Image size: 3072x2304 (7.1 megapixels)
Capture time: 2008-11-05 21:28:57 - 2008-11-05 21:38:25
Aperture: f/5.8
Exposure time: 0.00625
ISO: unknown
Focal length (35mm equiv.): 104.7 mm
Digital zoom: off
White balance: Fixed
Exposure mode: Automatic
Horizontal overlap: 46.7 to 62.0 percent
Vertical overlap: 47.3 to 49.8 percent
Computer stats: 2045.57 MB RAM, 2 CPUs
Total time 3:37:16 (1:25 per picture)
Alignment: 15:10, Projection: 12:08, Blending: 3:09:57


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Our Helplines
Motherisk Helpline
1-877-439-2744 (Toll-free)
416-813-6780 (Toronto and GTA)
Alcohol and Substance
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding Resources
Read more in our News Archive
Taking antidepressants during late pregnancy - How should we advise women?
S. Kalra, A. Einarson RN, Gideon Koren MD, FRCPC
August 2005
In light of recent negative media attention to antidepressant use during late pregnancy, several of my patients have either discontinued or are considering discontinuing their antidepressant medications. How can I best counsel these patients on taking antidepressants during late pregnancy?
Antidepressant use during the third trimester has been associated occasionally with a transient neonatal withdrawal-like syndrome characterized by jitteriness, self-limiting respiratory difficulties, and problems with feeding. When counseling patients, the risk of these adverse effects must be weighed against the risks associated with untreated depression during late pregnancy. Abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic medications has been associated with both physical (eg, withdrawal) and psychological (eg, suicidal thoughts) symptoms.
À la lumière des reportages médiatiques défavorables à l'endroit des antidépresseurs durant la fin de la grossesse, quelques-unes de mes patientes ont cessé de les utiliser ou envisagent de le faire. Quels seraient les meilleurs conseils à leur prodiguer concernant l'usage des antidépresseurs durant la dernière étape de leur grossesse?
L'utilisation des antidépresseurs durant le troisième trimestre a occasionnellement été associée à un symptôme néonatal transitoire semblable à celui du sevrage, caractérisé par de l'agitation, des difficultés respiratoires autolimitantes et des problèmes avec l'alimentation. Dans les conseils aux patientes, il faut pondérer ces risques d'éffets secondaires en fonction de ceux associés à une dépression sans traitement en fin de grossesse. La discontinuation soudaine des médicaments psychotropes est associée à des symptômes à la fois physiques (par ex. symptôme de sevrage) et psychologiques (par ex. pensées suicidaires).
The World Health Organization has identified depression as a leading cause of morbidity in the 21st century.1 Depression is expected to become the second largest worldwide cause of disease burden by 2020.2 Given that depression is about three times more common in women than in men and that its peak prevalence occurs between 25 and 44 years of age,3 many women will require treatment for depression while pregnant.
A growing body of evidence attests to the fetal safety of antidepressants commonly used during pregnancy. Various prospective controlled studies have examined the physical and neurodevelopmental safety of tricyclic antidepressants, as well as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) medications during the first trimester and throughout pregnancy.4
Some studies have described a poor neonatal adaptation syndrome in newborns whose mothers had been taking tricyclic, SSRI, or SNRI antidepressants near term.5-9 Although not yet clearly defined, the most common adverse effects associated with this syndrome are transient, mostly self-limiting, jitteriness; grasping muscle weakness; and respiratory difficulties that sometimes require use of a ventilator.6 Currently, Motherisk recommends that infants born to mothers taking antidepressants during late pregnancy be closely monitored for longer than the typical 24 to 48 hours after birth.
Health Canada recently published an advisory suggesting that women and their physicians consider slowly decreasing the dose of these medications during late pregnancy.10 After this advisory appeared in the media, the Motherisk Program received many calls from concerned women and their health care providers wondering whether it was safe to use antidepressants during late pregnancy. Some women reported having abruptly discontinued their antidepressant medications.11
In assessing the risks and benefits of using antidepressants during late pregnancy, physicians need to consider the risks of discontinuing these medications near term and the risks of untreated depression during the third trimester. Neonatal risks appear to be limited to development of âpoor neonatal adaptabilityâ in 10% to 30% of babies.5-9
Untreated depression during pregnancy has been associated with miscarriage, perinatal complications, increased risk of preeclampsia, low neonatal Apgar scores, and increased admissions to neonatal intensive care units.12 The most serious maternal ramification of untreated depression during pregnancy is an increased risk of postpartum depression, which can have tragic consequences.13
Among pregnant women, abrupt discontinuation of antidepressants has been associated with withdrawal symptoms, including nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, anxiety and panic attacks, mood swings, and suicidal thoughts.14 Abrupt discontinuation of medications could also allow the primary psychiatric condition to resurface.15
The adverse effects on mothers and babies of untreated depression during pregnancy combined with the known (serious) risks associated with abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic medications appear to outweigh the risk of transient poor neonatal adaptation in only a very few neonates exposed to antidepressants during the third trimester.
After consultation with their physicians, women who decide to discontinue or taper their doses of antidepressants should do so as gradually as possible over several weeks. Womenâs moods and fetal well-being should be closely monitored during this period, especially after delivery.
- Buist A. Managing depression in pregnancy. Aust Fam Physician 2000;29(7):663-7.
- Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Evidence-based health policyâlessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Science 1996;274(5288):740-3.
- Weissman MM, Bland R, Joyce PR, Newman S, Wells JE, Wittchen HU. Sex differences in rates of depression: cross-national perspectives. J Affect Disord 1993;29(2-3):77-84.
- Kalra SB, Sarkar M, Einarson A. Safety of antidepressants in pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005;4(2):273-84.
- Chambers CD, Johnson KA, Dick LM, Felix RJ, Jones KL. Birth outcomes in pregnant women taking fluoxetine. N Engl J Med 1996;335(14):1010-5. Comments in N Engl J Med 1996;335(14):1056-8, and N Engl J Med 1997;336(12):872-3; author reply 873.
- Costei AM, Kozer E, Ho T, Ito S, Koren G. Perinatal outcome following third trimester exposure to paroxetine. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156(11):1129-32.
- Hendrick V, Smith LM, Suri R, Hwang S, Haynes D, Altshuler L. Birth outcomes after prenatal exposure to antidepressant medication. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188(3):812-5.
- Oberlander TF, Misri S, Fitzgerald CE, Kostaras X, Rurak D, Riggs W. Pharmacologic factors associated with transient neonatal symptoms following prenatal psychotropic medication exposure. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(2):230-7.
- Kallen B. Neonate characteristics after maternal use of antidepressants in late pregnancy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158(4):312-6.
- Health Canada advises of potential adverse effects of SSRIs and other antidepressants on newborns [advisory]. Health Canada Online 2004(Aug 9);2004-44. Available from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/protection/warnings/2004/2004_44.htm. Accessed 2005 July 12.
- Einarson A, Schachtschneider AM, Halil R, Bollano E, Koren G. SSRIâs and other antidepressant use during pregnancy and potential neonatal adverse effects. Impact of a public health advisory and subsequent reports in the news media. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2005;5:11.
- Bonari L, Pinto N, Ahn E, Einarson A, Steiner M, Koren G. Perinatal risks of untreated depression during pregnancy. Can J Psychiatry 2004;49(11):726-35.
- Beck CT. Revision of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2002;31(4):394-402.
- Einarson A, Selby P, Koren G. Abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy: fear of teratogenic risk and impact of counselling. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2001;26(1):44-8.
- Rosenbaum JF, Zajecka J. Clinical management of antidepressant discontinuation. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58(Suppl 7):37-40.
Motherisk questions are prepared by the Motherisk Team at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ont. Ms Kalra and Ms Einarson are members and Dr Koren is Director of the Motherisk Program. Dr Koren is supported by the Research Leadership for Better Pharmacotherapy during Pregnancy and Lactation and, in part, by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. He holds the Ivey Chair in Molecular Toxicology at the University of Western Ontario in London.
Published Motherisk Updates are available on the College of Family Physicians of Canada website.


text:
I have read that KG's offense allows players to freelance during plays...or has multiple options. If this is true, then we need to move away from this. As stated many times on this board, a player does much better when he doesn't have a lot of decisions to make.
We can sit here and armchair OC all day, and say hey lets run slants, short passing, etc etc. I'm sure these adjustments are being made on the field, and I'm sure teams are game planning to take this away due to our inefficiency in the trenches, and our inability to run a damn screen play. There is a plenty of blame to go around, but it most definitely does not fall completely on Gilbride.
And all those harping about the read and react routes, it seems the only one who isn't on the same page is Randle most of the "miscommunication" picks have been to him. With that said, once he gets in line, I think the kid will be a star.
Kevin Gilbride has been a much sought after head coach and the Giants are lucky to keep him.
My problem with Gilbride, is he doesn't seem to be able to adjust his offense to the personnel he has. This offense is predicated on getting the safeties in the box one way or the other. Running the football, getting the safeties easying up, then hitting a vertical pass behind them. Works great if you have a running game and an offensive line that can hold blocks long enough to complete a 25 yard pass. 3 seconds minimum. However with the current line problems, routes have to be adjusted to have an opportunity to be successful. Gilbride doesn't seem to have that ability. That has to change.


text:
8.9: Geometric Sequences and Exponential Functions
Suppose that you own a house and that a termite problem has forced you to call the exterminator. The exterminator asks you about the problem, and you say, "Each day for the past week I counted the number of termites, and there were 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320, respectively." How many termites would you expect to count next? In this Concept, you'll learn about geometric sequences and how they relate to exponential functions so that you can make predictions such as the one asked for here.
Which would you prefer: being given one million dollars, or one penny the first day, double that penny the next day, and then double the previous day's pennies and so on for a month?
At first glance you would think that a million dollars would be more. However, let's use geometric sequences before we decide to see how the pennies add up. You start with a penny the first day and keep doubling each day until the end of the month (30 days).
pennies or $5,368,709.12, which is well over five times greater than $1,000,000.00.
Geometric Sequence: a sequence of numbers in which each number in the sequence is found by multiplying the previous number by a fixed amount called the common ratio.
term in a geometric sequence: ( first term, common ratio)
The Common Ratio of a Geometric Sequence
The common ratio, , in any geometric sequence can be found by dividing any term by the preceding term. If we know the common ratio in a sequence then we can find any term in the sequence.
Example A
Find the eighth term in the geometric sequence.
1, 2, 4,...
First we need to find the common ratio: .
The eighth term is given by the formula .
In other words, to get the eighth term we started with the first term, which is 1, and multiplied by two seven times.
Graphing Geometric Sequences
Exponential graphs and geometric sequence graphs look very much alike. Exponential graphs are continuous, however, and the sequence graphs are discrete with distinct points ( term and term, etc).
Example B
A population of bacteria in a Petri dish increases by a factor of three every 24 hours. The starting population is 1 million bacteria. This means that on the first day the population increases to 3 million, on the second day to 9 million, and so on.
The population of bacteria is continuous. Even though we measured the population only every 24 hours, we know that it does not get from 1 million to 3 million all at once. Rather, the population changes bit by bit over the 24 hours. In other words, the bacteria are always there, and you can, if you so wish, find out what the population is at any time during a 24-hour period.
When we graph an exponential function, we draw the graph with a solid curve to show the function has values at any time during the day. On the other hand, when we graph a geometric sequence, we draw discrete points to show the sequence has values only at those points but not in-between.
Here are graphs for the two examples previously given:
Example C
A courtier presented the Indian king with a beautiful, hand-made chessboard. The king asked what he would like in return for his gift and the courtier surprised the king by asking for one grain of rice on the first square, two grains on the second, four grains on the third, etc. The king readily agreed and asked for the rice to be brought (from Meadows et al. 1972, p.29 via Porritt 2005). How many grains of rice does the king have to put on the last square?
A chessboard is an square grid, so it contains a total of 64 squares.
The courtier asked for one grain of rice on the first square, 2 grains of rice on the second square, 4 grains of rice on the third square and so on. We can write this as a geometric sequence.
1, 2, 4,...
The numbers double each time, so the common ratio is .
The problem asks how many grains of rice the king needs to put on the last square. What we need to find is the term in the sequence. This means multiplying the starting term, 1, by the common ratio 64 times in a row. Let's use the formula.
, where is the term, Is the first term and is the common ratio.
grains of rice.
Guided Practice
Find the next number in the geometric sequence: 0.01 , 0.06 , 0.36 , 2.16 , 12.96 , ...
The common ratio is:
Since the first value in the sequence is 0.01, the geometric sequence is
and since we are looking for the 6th term
The next number in the sequence is 77.76.
Sample explanations for some of the practice exercises below are available by viewing the following video. Note that there is not always a match between the number of the practice exercise in the video and the number of the practice exercise listed in the following exercise set. However, the practice exercise is the same in both. CK-12 Basic Algebra: Geometric Sequences (10:45)
- Define a geometric sequence.
- Using the chessboard example, how many grains of rice should be placed on the:
- Fourth square?
- Tenth square?
- Twenty-fifth square?
- square?
- Is the following an example of a geometric sequence? Explain your answer. –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, ...
- Use the Petri dish example from the Concept. At what time are 25,000 bacteria in the dish?
Determine the constant ratio, , for each geometric sequence.
- 8, 6,...
- 2, 4, 8, 16,...
- 2, –8, 32, –128
Determine the first five terms of each geometric sequence.
Find the missing terms in each geometric sequence.
- 3, ____, 48, 192, ____
- 81, ____, ____, ____, 1
- , ____, ____, , ____
Find the indicated term of each geometric sequence.
- Find .
- Find .
- Find .
- A ball is tossed from a height of four feet. Each bounce is 80% as high as the previous bounce.
- Write an equation to represent the situation.
- How high is the ball after the fifth bounce?
- An ant walks past several stacks of Lego blocks. There is one block in the first stack, three blocks in the second stack, and nine blocks in the third stack. In fact, in each successive stack there are triple the number of blocks there were in the previous stack.
- How many blocks are in the eighth stack?
- When is the stack 343 blocks high?
- A super-ball has a 75% rebound ratio. When you drop it from a height of 20 feet, it bounces and bounces and bounces...
- How high does the ball bounce after it strikes the ground for the third time?
- How high does the ball bounce after it strikes the ground for the seventeenth time?
- Anne goes bungee jumping off a bridge above water. On the initial jump, the bungee cord stretches by 120 feet. On the next bounce, the stretch is 60% of the original jump and each additional bounce stretches the rope by 60% of the previous stretch.
- What will the rope stretch be on the third bounce?
- What will the rope stretch be on the bounce?
- A virus population doubles every 30 minutes. It begins with a population of 30.
- How many viral cells will be present after 5 hours?
- When will it reach 1,000,000 cells? Round to the nearest half-hour.
Mixed Review
- Translate into an algebraic sentence: A number squared is less than 15 more than twice that number.
- Give the slope and intercept of .
- Evaluate 10!.
- Convert 6 miles to yards.
- Simplify .
- Simplify .
- Evaluate .
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Web Stories
West, Zizek to discuss 'Who Believes What,' Nov. 17
Posted November 8, 2005; 10:24 a.m.
Princeton professor Cornel West will join philosopher and cultural critic Slavoj Zizek in a discussion titled "The Ignorance of Chicken, or Who Believes What Today?" at 7:30 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 17, in McCosh 50. A free screening of a documentary on Zizek is scheduled for 7:30 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 10, in the Stewart Film Theater, 185 Nassau St.
The discussion will cover a wide range of topics including contemporary religion, philosophy, politics and psychoanalysis.
West is the Class of 1943 University Professor of Religion and a prolific author whose works include the best-selling books "Race Matters" and "Democracy Matters."
Zizek is a philosophy professor at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia and the author of more than 50 books on subjects such as Hegel, Christianity, Iraq, totalitarianism and Alfred Hitchcock. "ZIZEK! The Movie" chronicles his travels around the world and his often outrageous commentaries on cultural and academic topics.
The discussion is sponsored by the Center for the Study of Religion; Council of the Humanities; Graduate School; School of Architecture; University Center for Human Values; departments of anthropology, comparative literature, English, German, religion and Slavic languages and literatures; and programs in African-American studies, American studies, European cultural studies and media and modernity.


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"Bush is out of control." - Now more than ever.
"Bush is out of control." - Now more than ever.
Not exactly the best forum, but still:
Go Bucs, suck it Raiders.
futhermore, gconf is great. its not like the windows registry, it contains application information (not operating system stuff), and it is implemented in flat files rather than whatever the registry was.
it could also be argued that those are separate from gnome 2, and people are going to choose not to use it for other, more... practical reasons. or maybe theyll just go like lambs to the slaughter anyway ;)
x: f(60, 100) = false
y: f(100, 150) = false
z: f(60, 150) = true!
x is false
y is false
x AND y is false
z is true
x AND y => z is true
'false => true' is a true statement so, your comparator, speaking in terms of proofs, does satisfy that requirement (ie, it is transitive)
but i bet that doesnt help any. oh well.
yeah and in other news. i love GConf. some may know ive long been opposed to gnome & the libraries it requires. but i broke down and started playing around with some of them (GConf & gnome-vfs), and quite frankly they fucking rock. many thanks to the gnome team!
in my playing around, i stumbled across a stupid stupid stupid feature of GtkTreeView's: bugzilla #94837. i was just so angry after reading that. it doesnt make any sense! even if there is some hack reason why it needs to be selected (i dont think there is), its stupid! some applications might do computationally intensive work on the selection of certain rows in the treeview, and have two 'changed' signals emitted like that when i go to select a row for the first time is fucking stupid.
so i dove into TreeView's source and located the problem in it's overridden grab_focus method. i overrode it again in my TreeView derivation (which has a nifty column selector too: screenshot), and now it works properly.
yeah. so. anyways.
most of the time, i hate the idea of open source. im bitter because of all the bigots out there who think its the only way, that its so absolutly wonderful, that it will solve all our software problems (and world hunger!).
but today, i love it :)
i started researching gstreamer two days ago. yesterday i had ishamp mostly rewritten to use gstreamer rather than xmms plugins (bleh, now there is a real peice of shit), when i discovered that the only cd plugin, 'cdparanoia', ... didnt work to play audio.
i jumped on irc and asked, 'wtf' (but much more politely of course). no one had a real good answer except wtay, who mentioned he was thinking about a simple cd plugin that would use ioctl cdrom controls to play the cd in the drive directly, rather than reading the data and then putting it to /dev/dsp. however, he hadnt done any real work with it. i asked how such a plugin might be written, he mumbled something about no-pads and self iteration.
today, i got back on irc and told wtay that i had a plugin that did just that, and asked who should i speak to about getting in cvs?
so now ive got some code up in gstreamer cvs :)
honestly, i feel like a little kid at christmas or something. i write code, and i release it quietly on my website and stuff, and maybe someone will download it or something. maybe. but this, i know, will really be used. and is actually *useful*
of course, ive still got some features to add :)
in other news, i rewrote my website [again] (ooh, look public plugging of a personal site, im cool like lilo!!!)
and im getting ready to release ishamp 0.4, after using it solidly for about two weeks, i think ive got all the bugs and 'features' worked out. woohoo.
New HTML Parser: The long-awaited libxml2 based HTML parser code is live. It needs further work but already handles most markup better than the original parser.
Keep up with the latest Advogato features by reading the Advogato status blog.
If you're a C programmer with some spare time, take a look at the mod_virgule project page and help us with one of the tasks on the ToDo list!


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By Brandon Speck/NEMS Daily Journal
Booneville's run started two years ago in Corinth's gym. While much of the crowd was already talking about the next night's Aberdeen-Corinth matchup, the Blue Devils were beating tournament favorite Cleveland East Side.
"In any kind of run, you have to have a statement game or win. You look different as a program when you get to Jackson," Booneville coach Michael Smith said. "It was a big thing for our kids to all of a sudden believe they could play with those teams, instead of hoping they could."
Then the Devils beat bigger S.V. Marshall and Corinth to win the North that season.
Then came state tournament wins against Forest and Corinth and a gold ball back to Booneville.
After losing in the championship game last season, Booneville (27-5) is headed back to Jackson for the third straight season in the MHSAA Class 3A state semifinals.
"(It's) their desire to win and we have really good people," Smith said. "And I think you win with character. They have a blueprint to winning, fundamentally sound and being very unselfish. They've bought into that and the (eight) seniors have been really, really good at making sure everybody understood that."
The Journal's No. 4 Blue Devils, the North's second seed will again face South No. 1 Forest at 8 p.m. Saturday inside Jackson's Mississippi Coliseum.
Forest beat Pass Christian to win 4A South. Six-foot-9 post player LeDerrick Scott averaged 20 points in four South tournament wins for the Bearcats.
Booneville senior Kenny Paul Geno is one of the state's most recruited players and one of the biggest threats – inside and outside – to opposing defenses, but Smith pushes his team as a balanced attack. Junior guard Jack Nichols has emerged as an offensive focus as well.
"Nichols is great flashing in that middle and he's strong," Mooreville coach Jeff Tally said. "Then (Antonio) Crump out of the corner got hot on us."


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New UTSA system simplifies research reporting
By Christi Fish
Public Affairs Specialist
(March 26, 2009)--"Three clicks and you're done!" That's the goal of the new online effort certification process, ECRT, introduced this spring by the UTSA Office of the Vice President for Research. Time-and-effort certification is a requirement for recipients of federal research funding.
Today's headlines
- La Prensa Foundation is newest member of UTSA Lone Star Society
- UTSA alumna Jordan Kaufmann wins $50K for new stent-graft start-up
- UTSA begins new way-finding sign installation this summer at Main Campus
- USA Today: UTSA long jumper Tyler Williamson rescues three-year-old boy
Article tools
The reporting process has been under intense scrutiny by the federal government in recent years, and audits carry hefty fines for institutions that cannot produce proper documentation of their research activities. To streamline the effort reporting process, UTSA adopted ECRT, an online platform that will make time-and-effort reporting easier for project principal investigators (PIs). Until April 14, PIs can log on to their accounts to determine if account corrections are necessary before the official reporting period begins April 15.
ECRT replaces UTSA's monthly paper-and-pencil reporting process with a semi-annual system. Using information imported from the Define online system, ECRT allows principal investigators to view, edit and certify their efforts as well as the efforts of their research teams. Because federal guidelines require that PIs have the best firsthand knowledge of their sponsored research, ECRT requires PIs to log in to the system using their unique network login and password.
"Although effort reporting is the primary responsibility of each principal investigator, we understand that there is a shared aspect to this compliance issue, like others in research administration," said Jorge Manzano, UTSA time and effort coordinator. "Our due diligence is to inform our researchers about the new reporting system and to assist them so that they can focus on their research. We've been working diligently to ensure the accuracy of the information in ECRT and to help make this process as quick and easy as possible for our research community. But like all new processes, we expect there will be some bumps along the way that will need to be addressed. We are asking all principal investigators to preview the system and, if they have any questions, to contact us so that we can work with them."
To preview their effort for the September 2008-February 2009 period, principal investigators can log on at the ECRT Web site. While there, they can update income sources, payroll allocations and cost-sharing percentages.
>> For assistance with corrections, contact Jorge Manzano at (210) 458-6045 or the Electronic Research Administration (ERA) Help Desk at (210) 458-7805.
>> For principal investigators: ECRT FAQ site.


text:
About Me
I am a radiologist specializing in breast imaging. I completed a residency in diagnostic radiology at the University of Pennsylvania and a one-year fellowship in breast and body imaging at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Since joining the Memorial Sloan Kettering faculty in 2009, I have dedicated my time to clinical care, education, and research.
I interpret all modalities of screening and diagnostic breast imaging, including mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. I perform all types of image-guided breast interventional procedures, including stereotactic biopsy, ultrasound-guided biopsy, MR-guided biopsy, and radioactive seed placement and wire localizations. I also train and supervise residents from Weill Cornell Medical College and breast fellows from Memorial Sloan Kettering in interpreting breast-images and in interventional breast procedures.
My research focuses on imaging for early breast cancer detection in women who are at intermediate and high risk for developing breast cancer. With others in the Breast Imaging Service, I have written multiple scientific articles defining groups of women who will benefit from screening that is more intensive than routine, annual mammography. I frequently am invited to lecture on this and other topics in breast imaging. In recognition of my accomplishments, I have been named a Fellow of the Society of Breast Imaging.
- Clinical Expertise: Breast and Body Imaging
- Languages Spoken: English
- Education: MD, State University of New York at Buffalo
- Residencies: University of Pennsylvania
- Fellowships: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Board Certifications: Diagnostic Radiology
Most major health insurers offer plans that include MSK as one of their in-network providers. If MSK is in-network, it means all our doctors are too. Medicaid and New York State Medicare also provide benefits for care at MSK.Learn more
Clinical Trials
Research is integral to our mission at Memorial Sloan Kettering, and clinical trials help us discover better forms of patient care and treatment. For you, this could mean access to a new therapy or therapy combination. Click to see a list of the trials I'm currently leading.


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This article brainstorms how design choices for better code testability fits into the big picture of providing a continuous stream of business value to the customer. Exploring the possible software design options even before the coding starts enables decoupling and dependency injection which makes the software all the more robust and flexible to absorb future changes in the customer requirements.
What is a unit? A unit is the smallest testable part of an application. Unit tests are written from the specification (FSD/TDD) based on how the product would be used by the end customer. It should be tested in isolation without any dependency. All the dependencies should be mocked up using stubs so that the unit tests are simple and fast. These tests are supposed to focus only on a specific action without any coding for the dependencies.
For example, the coder develops a method called validate_zip_code. When I enter zip code as 00000 it should return false. This is a unit test. As per the requirement spec, on the shipping form if the customer enters invalid zip code he should be re-directed to the help page that explains what is a zip code. Imagine that this help page is yet to be developed by a different team called consumer team. Testing both the zip code field and the display of help page is not unit testing but functional/integration testing. This dependency on the help page display needs to be separated from the validation of zip code. This separation is called dependency injection and it decouples the code making it more robust. The dependencies could be mocked using tools like mockito or easymock. Thus the coder needs to create a mockup or a simulator to substitute for the dependency.
Why dependency injection can ease unit tests? With dependency injection writing unit tests becomes easy and the execution of unit tests becomes simple and fast. This is because the coders are not required to write test code for dependencies as well. Writing code for dependencies makes unit tests complicated and it is also unnecessary since we are not going to do any functional testing with it.
Advantages of Dependency Injection:
1. Unit testing before coding adopts Test Driven Development. The coders can brainstorm the possible execution paths and corner cases that he had never thought of before. This results in a higher quality code
2. Code with lots of dependencies violates the Law of Demeter or the Hollywood principle. With dependency injection the code becomes loosely coupled
3. Determines if the code is fit for testing and increases the testability of the code


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"A striking monogram, combining the first letters of the full name or the first and last name is an enviable possession," wrote Jean Wilde Clark in A Desk Book on the Etiquette of Social Stationery.
The book was printed by Eaton, Crane (yes, that Crane) and Pike in 1910. However, the monogram is still a possession envied — one that, in the age of e-communication, is as coveted as ever.
It is with this modern day appreciation that we take a look back at the history of the monogram — an art form most near and dear to Crane & Co.'s social stationery heart.
On The Beginning
Nancy Sharon Collins, author of The Complete Engraver, dates the first comprehensive commercial presentation to a 1683 book by Jeremiah Marlow, which boasted this not-so brief title:
A book of cyphers, or, Letters reverst : being a work very pleasant & usefull as well for gentlemen as all sorts of artificers engravers painters carvers chacers embroiderers &c. : where you may find a cypher for any name whatsoever curiously compos'd after the newest mode
"Most of what we think of as 'monograms' are actually ciphers or cyphers," Collins explains in reference to the book's title. "The letters in a true monogram depend upon each other for support. As in, should you take one letter away from the design, the main stroke or stem of the other letters would disappear. A cipher is pretty much any combination of letters in a design."
For centuries, Collins says anyone with money (literacy, after all, was a skill reserved for the wealthy and powerful) would commission an artisan to create a stylish monogram, which was used to identify personal property, from saddles to China to book covers.
The insignia was more an individualized expression and less a legible representation of one's initials, so it was meant to show off the virtuosity of the craftsperson who created it. A desire for unparalleled uniqueness meant oftentimes the identity of the artist was kept very close to the chest.
"One cannot urge too strongly," writes Clark in Social Stationery, "the necessity for originality and unusualness in monogram conceits."
On Permanence
In a very Downton Abbey twist, Collins says that traditionally, in a well-to-do household, part of a lady's dowry would be linens for the household, which would have her monogram. The silver, however, would have the gentleman's monogram. The wisdom being, Collins has been told, that women were expendable and men were not.
Despite such lore, a woman's monogram has always represented and celebrated her identity. After all, a monogram stays with someone his/her entire life. Even if a woman takes her husband's name, she uses her maiden name monogram when corresponding with family and friends who knew her before she changed her name. (For social occasions as well as correspondence with new acquaintances, she uses her marital monogram.)
"A woman finds many schemes for its use [the monogram] in the marking of her underwear, table linens, etc.," writes Clark in Social Stationery, "but its touch upon her stationery holds the greatest charm."
Indeed, social stationery was the social media of the day, Collins says.
"All cultured correspondence would be through a letter, note or calling card. In an urban setting, mail came three to four times a day. Someone of means could write a letter in the morning with an invitation to dinner and receive a response that same day."
On Proliferation
The monogram would not continue to be a symbol of wealth and notoriety forever. With the rise of the middle class during the Victorian era came the rise of domestic inspiration, and mass production allowed for affordability. More and more people found themselves with expendable income.
"When I grew up," Collins recalls. "It was regular for anyone to have little monogrammed hankies from the 5 and Dime store."
Despite its entrance into the mainstream, however, the monogram remains a romantic symbol of one's identity.
One of the most memorable monograms Collins recalls is on a letter written by Lillie Langtry, a notorious actress during the Victorian era said to have had an affair with Prince Edward. Collins says she likes to fantasize about who designed the "most interesting" monogram.
"I like to think," she quips, "that it was one of the queen's stationers."
Have a question about monograms? Email our Crane Concierge at email@example.com.


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SustainabilityReport Contents
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Avista partners with colleges and universities throughout our three-state service territory to provide several different scholarship opportunities for students. The mission of the Avista Scholars program is to promote excellence in the fields of math, science, technology and engineering, leading students to become innovators, problem solvers and diverse, talented employees of our future.
Avista partners with Spokane Community College to offer a course that provides an introduction to the electric lineman field. It is held at Avista's 10-acre lineman training facility and is open to individuals interested in entry-level positions leading to career positions in the line craft. Participants learn, through hands-on and classroom experience, the skills and knowledge required for the position of a line crew helper.
Training opportunities at Avista are delivered as instructor-led, computer-based, field and workshop that include: craft, customer service, environmental, natural gas, desktop, warehouse, project management, gas for non-gas workers, health and safety, leadership development, electric, flagging/forklift, line, apprentice, journeyman, power resources, hydro, power supply, and new hire orientation.
We are just beginning to track training hours via the new Avista Learning Network, an online portal for course information, registration and training transcripts.
Avista offers a series of workshops, open to all employees, as part of an overall professional and leadership development program. Topics include leadership enhancement and workshops that help employees plan for retirement.
In its eighth year, the Aspiring Leaders Program provides development for those employees preparing to be considered for future leadership roles, given the large leadership retirement turnover expected in the future. This one-year program provides exposure to a variety of departments, training, mentoring and a team project.
Avista's Learning Center was established in 1998 to promote lifelong learning for all employees. The center focuses on being proactive rather than reactive in terms of training and learning opportunities. Opportunities and resources available include audio/video tapes, books, journal/periodicals, self-study courses.
The company provides tuition assistance of up to $2500 each year for undergraduate and master's level studies in programs that add to employees' improved performance and effectiveness in present or foreseeable jobs within the company.


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The weekly planning tool will enable you to strategically build a training plan that will show you a week's activities at a glance including the type of sport, planned duration, distance and activity type (i.e. long base, intervals or recovery). Any sport mode can be included into the training plan, even on a rest day if stretching or walking is your activity of choice.
From our new simplified, ready-to-use navigation menu atop any page within Movescount, click on the blue circle with a plus inside, from here select 'Plan a Move' and it will bring you to the current training week.
Weekly plans can be put together to build a full training plan for your next milestone, whether its running your first half-marathon or pushing for a PR in your next Ironman. Under the Moves tab on your profile page you can see these planned moves in grey and you can hover over them to see the details. Click on one of the planned moves and you'll be brought back to the weekly view where you can edit any detail you need to.
On Suunto Ambit3 these planned moves sync directly to your watch when you connect via Moveslink or Suunto Movescount App, informing you that it's a training day. By pressing the middle button on your Ambit, it will show you the details there as well. Sometimes we all need reminders to stay on track!
Planned Moves functionality works also with Suunto Ambit2 and Suunto Quest. Planned Moves will arrive to Suunto Spartan in late October.


text: Not had one die (knock on wood and hope I'm not tempting fate) but close. Csection (and spay) for primary inertia, went fine other than one pup not alive. When pups were 17 days old, I went to a judge's seminar for the day with my husband in charge of dogs, came home that night to her flat out, 105 degree temp, raging mastitis. He thought she was just sleeping all day. We won't get into that. Anyway, I doubt she'd have made it through the night without treatment, took 4 days of IVs and she survived but it was touch and go at first. She couldn't go back with her puppies, fortunately they were old enough to start lapping formula. As far as prevention? I guess we all do what we can, keep a close eye, check temps regularly, make sure everyone is acting and eating normally. My bitch had been on antibiotics for 2 weeks following the Csection, 3 days after she was done with them, raging infection, about the time you think it's okay to go for a day and leave the second string in charge. During whelp (for the real drama queens, that can be 48 hours before a pup ever makes an appearance), I'm with them 24/7, post-whelp, I sleep next to the box for a couple of nights and they all stay in the house anyway. But, things can still go wrong, ruptured uterus, etc.


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Karen Azar of North Providence, Rhode Island, writes: "My boyfriend and I recently dined at Terra Mar Grill in the Saybrook Point Inn, in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. He had the campanelle pasta, and it reminded him of a meal his mother used to make. Could you please obtain the recipe?"
Active time: 30 min Start to finish: 1 1/2 hr
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This is basically a good recipe, but follow other reviewers' advice: either halve the amount of pasta or double everything else. Like many other reviewers, I liked it the first night and looked forward to leftovers, to which I added broth before reheating in a double-boiler. Awful. The pasta, initially cooked al dente, became mush as it absorbed all the extra broth.
Great recipe! Easy, hearty and actually really healthy. I like a lot of garlic, so I used 2 whole bulbs, roasted.
Great dish, the flavors meld nicely together. I increased the fresh plum tomatoes and added some spinach. I served it over gluten-free pasta for my husband and he thought it turned out great. I had it with crusty bread for dipping instead of pasta.
One of my new favourites. I mostly followed the recipe exactly, except I had some mini bella mushrooms to use, so sliced and added them. I omitted the parsley, and played with the quantities a bit...more sausage, less pasta, more cheese. It had excellent flavour.
This was delicious, but I only made a half of a box of shells and the full recipe for the sauce. And it was still not overly saucy.
This is one of our favorite meals. I make only 1 small adjustment. I roast the entire head of garlic but only use about half in the meal.I save the other half and use it the next time I make this or with garlic bread. My main reason for doing this is because I take leftovers for lunch and the garlic would be way too overpowering at work. The dish is fabulous!!
This was a great combination of flavors, but it was filed under the quick weeknight dinners, and with the roasting of the garlic this wasn't quick. I added an extra sausage but stuck to the rest of the recipe exactly. Next time I would reduce the broth by about 1/2 cup because it was a little watery, and I wound up cooking it for too long to try to thicken it, and the beans got really mushy.
I took the reviews to heart and doubled everything except the pasta. Everyone in my family liked it and would eat it again. It did have a texture issue for only one person but he still ate it with more cheese on top.
My whole family enjoyed this. The alterations I made: I used turkey sausage instead of pork. Onion instead of shallot, and more than 1/2 cup. I added diced celery and carrots. I used a 26 oz can of diced tomatoes, NOT drained, and 2 15oz cans of white kidney beans. Only 1.5 cups chicken broth. I would say adding the celery and carrots gave it a lot of extra color and flavor, made it more interesting to eat. Overall, good recipe!
Tasted ok, but needed something to make it worth making again. I didn't care too much for the texture of the beans in the sauce with the pasta--it was a bit grainy. Hearty and easy for a weeknight dinner though.


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Master of Education in Special Education
There are five M.Ed. programs in special education: early childhood, exceptional learning needs, initial certification, severe intellectual disabilities, and urban multicultural special education. The initial certification program results in licensure as a special education teacher of students with mild to moderate disabilities at either the elementary through middle level or the middle through secondary level.
The early childhood program prepares special education teachers for children with disabilities from birth through kindergarten and for their families. The exceptional learning needs program provides advanced study for special educators with specialization in one of four strands: special education administration, urban multicultural curriculum and instruction, secondary special education, or specialized study in an area of professional interest (i.e., behavioral support). The severe intellectual disabilities program provides preparation and special education licensure for teachers of students with severe disabilities. The urban multicultural program provides advanced preparation for special educators who teach English language learners with disabilities.
M.Ed. Programs in Special Education
- Early Childhood
- Exceptional Learning Needs
- Initial Certification
- Severe Intellectual Disabilities
- Urban Multicultural Special Education
Admission Requirements
Admission to FSEHD Masters level programs is determined by the quality of the total application. Applicants must submit the following to the Office of Graduate Programs as a measure of their potential for success in graduate level studies.
- A completed application and $50.00 nonrefundable fee.
- One copy of all official transcripts of each undergraduate and graduate record.
- A minimum cumulative grade point average (GPA) of B (3.00 on a 4.00 scale) in all undergraduate course work. Applicants with undergraduate GPAs less than 3.00 may be admitted to degree candidacy upon submission of other evidence of academic potential.
- Teaching certificate (for all school related programs except school psychology).
- For all candidates who apply for a Masters program resulting in an initial teaching certification in special education must submit official standardized test scores (Graduate Record Examination).
All candidates who apply for a Masters program that does not result in initial teaching certification in special education must submit official standardized test scores (either the Graduate Record Examination or the Miller Analogies Test).
- Three candidate reference forms WITH 3 accompanying letters of recommendation.
- Professional goals essay - application essay describing candidate's commitment to special education, cultural awareness, collaboration, and lifelong learning.
- Performance-based evaluation.
- Completion of SPED 300: Introduction to the Characteristics and Education of Children and Youth with Disabilities or its equivalent as determined by an advisor.
- M.Ed. in Severe Intellectual Disabilities requires RI certification in early childhood, elementary or secondary education or concurrent enrollment in these programs.
- M.Ed. Early Childhood Birth to Kindergarten requires eligibility for RI certification in early childhood education.
- M.Ed. Special Education Certification requires RI certification in elementary or secondary education or concurrent enrollment.
- M.Ed. Exceptional Learning Needs (strands: autism, administration, specialized study in special education, specialized study) requires RI certification in special education.
- M.Ed. in Urban/Multicultural special education requires RI certification in special education or concurrent enrollment in a special education certification program.
- An interview.


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Web Stories
Digital artist to discuss his work
Tuesday, March 25, 2008, 4:30 p.m. · Stewart Film Theater, 185 Nassau St.
Posted March 20, 2008; 09:52 a.m.
Cory Arcangel, a digital artist who lives and works in Brooklyn, will discuss his work at 4:30 p.m. Tuesday, March 25, in the Stewart Film Theater, 185 Nassau St.
Arcangel is known for his subversive use of technology. Significant in his practice are pieces like "Super Mario Clouds v2k3" (2003), a hacked Super Mario Bros. video game transformed into a series of wall projections that show an intense blue sky crossed by slowed down white clouds.
The event is part of the /@arts (slash arts) lecture series.


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No one envies BP's top brass this week. The company's executives have a full schedule of hearings on Capitol Hill over the next several days, as well as a meeting with U.S. President Barack Obama, at which they are sure to be asked a great many questions about the still-ongoing Gulf of Mexico oil spill that BP simply can't answer. Faced with the prospect of penalties and drilling moratoriums on its U.S. operations, the company is reportedly planning to tell Obama that, in the Financial Times' words, "crippling the company would not be in the interests of the U.S. or its future energy security."
That two-word phrase--"energy security"--is an idea invoked frequently by everyone from oil company executives to green-energy proponents, and one that has taken center stage in the United States since the Gulf spill. Last week, Interior Secretary Ken Salazar cited energy security in explaining the need to continue drilling in the outer continental shelf. Senators John Kerry and Joseph Lieberman have argued that their new clean energy and climate bill will help the United States achieve energy security. Obama's new National Security Strategy, published last month, invokes energy security no fewer than four times.


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How did the concept behind the exhibition find form, and how did you approach it as you selected these artists and staged this collaboration with them?
I've known Halsey for a long time and during one of our conversations, he brought up theorist Judith Butler's description of identity as this repetitive act of performance which resonated in the back of my mind long after we talked. I think this notion of identity as something fluid and acted-out aptly describes my own conclusions regarding many personal experiences, and yet is a model which never attempts to wholly define subjectivity or undermine the importance of unchangeable factors on a social scale or a level outside the control of a single individual. When I thought about putting together a show, I wanted to find artists whose personalities and work would help find expression for this sort of model ... at least metaphorically. I was hopeful that in working with friends that were open to collaboration and all its slippery definitions, we would be forced to come up with a different permutation of collaboration or presentation of our work than what we might have already done in previous projects. I knew that each of these artists would bring their own work (each with its own set of agendas and narratives) yet have a willingness to present their work in way that allowed pieces and practices to be read against or even with one another. In other words, a show whose identity would be formed by the playing out of the forces brought together on site (artists, objects, resources, time).
What's the significance of the title, "A Corridor at Sea"?
The corridor serves as a passageway or linkage between all the artists and the physical prongs of the gallery space. When all the videos are playing, the only space that is shared amongst all four participating artists is the projection corridor. And the reference to it being "at sea" takes on everything from the romantic and tragic to the lack of boundaries and territorial law.
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text: How accurate is this test when the dog is sedated? Can it show a partial or slight tear? I have a dog with mild rear leg lameness that has persisted over a week now with crate rest. He seemed to get better after a couple of days but it flared up again after I let him have more activity in the yard this weekend. X-rays o the hip didn't show anything per the vet. The drawer test showed nothing either. I assumed a few days of crate rest and all would be good if it was a sprain/strain, muscle pull or what not. How long should I try crate rest before we head back to the vet. How long should a more minor leg injury take to heal with rest. For what it's worth it happened inside on slick floors I believe. There was no indication of injury until he had been inside sliding around the den. I'm assuming he could have pulled something or hyper extended his hip given that he can't keep footing worth a darn in my den. Any input?


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Life is about choices, and few 17-year olds have more than Kevin Rakestraw.
"It was never really about volleyball or basketball," Rakestraw said. "Volleyball was just the one that I ended up being more dominant in. I've always enjoyed both, but I started doing them just for fun and to compete."
"Fun" may have been the operative word before eighth grade. But heading into high school, when Rakestraw finally achieved his much-anticipated growth spurt, a few more adjectives began to creep into the fold.
Most importantly: "free."
Rakestraw, a 7-foot middle blocker for the Newport Harbor volleyball team and center for the school's basketball team, is on his way to Stanford by way of volleyball scholarship.
But in this case, the Cardinal brass were not the selective ones.
Rakestraw, who sports a 4.3 grade-point average, said his final list of schools came down to Harvard, UCLA, Princeton and Stanford.
Needless to say, Rakestraw was a highly valued commodity.
But choice of school wasn't the only option available to Rakestraw, considering that his height and athleticism have also made him a standout performer for Coach Bob Torribio and the NHHS basketball squad.
"I think he could play college basketball," Torribio said. "He has a nice shot. There are days in practice where he'll make the second or third most threes. If he wanted to be a Division I basketball player, he could. I believe he's competitive enough."
Basketball was in fact Rakestraw's first sport – he began to play in basketball leagues in first grade. It wasn't until seventh grade that Rakestraw picked up volleyball, and fortunately, his height came to fruition and he is now regarded as arguably the best middle blocker in the nation.
But aside from paving the path to Stanford, Rakestraw says that what he has learned on the volleyball court has ultimately made him a stronger and more coordinated basketball player.
"Footwork," Rakestraw said when asked how volleyball has helped him on the basketball court. "Volleyball is all about footwork. It's about jumping on time and quickness. That's why I almost play more of a forward position in basketball as opposed to center."
Torribio, who is in his first year as head coach of the Sailors, said that he has received a number of calls from college basketball coaches, looking to recruit Rakestraw.
"His main focus is volleyball and we understand that," Torribio said. "As a first year head coach taking over for the winningest coach in school history, having a 7-footer made the transition a little easier. We just asked him to compete and he responds to the coaching we do with him."
As much as everyone around Rakestraw values his athleticism, no one may value it more than his basketball teammates, evident in their incessant attempts to lob the ball to Rakestraw for highlight reel dunks.
"He likes to run and he likes to dunk," Torribio said. "In fact, we had to call a few timeouts last summer to tell the team that they can't just always lob it to him. He always looks open. He's not always open."
Having already pinned down a scholarship to one of the nation's top universities, it would make sense for Rakestraw to focus on academics and not risk injury on the basketball court.
But once again, life is about choices, and Rakestraw has a love for the game of basketball, even if those around him don't quite share it.
When asked what his volleyball coaches think of him playing basketball, Rakestraw gave a long pause.
"They deal with it."
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Composting is one of the best ways to amend soil for the planting and growing season, and also keeps organic waste out of the landfill and returns valuable fertilizer to the earth. As it adds nutrients to the soil, it improves soil structure and increases the ground's ability to hold water.
Environmental Waste Services will host its spring Compost 101 class from 8:30 a.m. to noon March 24 at 1434 Commerce Street. Training will include instructions on compost ingredients, benefits of building healthy soil using compost, how to manage a compost pile and hands-on demonstration to build a compost pile. Attendees will be eligible for door prize drawings for compost bins.
The class is open to Garland residents and class size is limited to 50. Register by March 21 by calling 972-205-3500. Click here for registration form.