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About Jeff Masters
Cat 6 lead authors: WU cofounder Dr. Jeff Masters (right), who flew w/NOAA Hurricane Hunters 1986-1990, & WU meteorologist Bob Henson, @bhensonweather
By: Dr. Jeff Masters , 1:18 PM GMT on April 24, 2009
"The sun was dark and its darkness lasted for eighteen months; each day it shone for about four hours; and still this light was only a feeble shadow; the fruits did not ripen and the wine tasted like sour grapes." As this Michael the Syrian quote regarding the weather of 536 A.D. demonstrates, a climate catastrophe that blots out the sun can really spoil your day. Procopius of Caesarea remarked: "During this year [536 A.D.] a most dread portent took place. For the sun gave forth its light without brightness. and it seemed exceedingly like the sun in eclipse, for the beams it shed were not clear." Many documents from 535 - 536 A.D.--the time of King Arthur in Britain--speak of the terrible "dry fog" or cloud of dust that obscured the sun, causing widespread crop failures in Europe, and summer frosts, drought, and famine in China. Tree ring studies in Europe confirm several years of very poor growth around that time, and ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica show highly elevated levels of atmospheric sulfuric acid dust existed.
Though some scientists believe the climate calamity of 535-536 A.D. was due to a comet or asteroid hitting the Earth, it is widely thought that the event was probably caused by the most massive volcanic eruption of the past 1500 years. This eruption threw so much sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas into the stratosphere that a "Volcanic Winter" resulted. Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form sulfuric acid droplets (aerosol particles), which are highly reflective and reduce the amount of incoming sunlight. The potential eruption that led to the 535 - 536 A.D. climate calamity would have likely been a magnitude 7 event on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)--a "super colossal" eruption that one can expect to occur only once every 1000 years. The Volcanic Explosivity Index is a logarithmic scale like the Richter scale used to rate earthquakes, so a magnitude 7 eruption would eject ten times more material than the two largest eruptions of the past century--the magnitude 6 eruptions of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines (1991) and Novarupta in Alaska (1912).
Figure 1. An 18 km-high volcanic plume from one of a series of explosive eruptions of Mount Pinatubo beginning on 12 June 1991, viewed from Clark Air Base (about 20 km east of the volcano). Three days later, the most powerful eruption produced a plume that rose nearly 40 km, penetrating well into the stratosphere. Pinatubo's sulfur emissions cooled the Earth by about 1°F (0.5°C) for 1 - 2 years. (Photograph by David H. Harlow, USGS.)
Super-colossal eruptions
There has been only one other magnitude 7 "super-colossal" eruption in the past 1500 years--the massive eruption of the Indonesian volcano Tambora in 1815. The sulfur pumped by this eruption into the stratosphere dimmed sunlight so extensively that global temperatures fell by about 2°F (1°C) for 1 - 2 years afterward. This triggered the famed Year Without a Summer in 1816. Killing frosts and snow storms in May and June 1816 in Eastern Canada and New England caused widespread crop failures, and lake and river ice were observed as far south as Pennsylvania in July and August. The Tambora eruption was about 40% smaller than the 535 - 536 A.D. event, as measured by the number of sulfur aerosol particles deposited in Greenland ice cores.
In an article published in 2008 in the American Geophysical Union journal EOS, Dr. Ken Verosub of the University of California, Davis Department of Geology estimated that future eruptions capable of causing "Volcanic Winter" effects severe enough to depress global temperatures by 2°F (1°C) and trigger widespread crop failures for 1 - 2 years afterwards should occur about once every 200 - 300 years. Even a magnitude 6 eruption, such as the 1600 eruption of the Peruvian volcano Huaynaputina, can cause climatic change capable of killing millions of people. The Huaynaputina eruption is blamed for the Russian famine of 1601-1603, which killed over half a million people and led to the overthrow of Tsar Boris Godunov. Thankfully, the climatic impacts of all of these historic magnitude 6 and 7 eruptions have been relatively short-lived. After about two years, the sulfuric acid aerosol particles have settled out of the stratosphere, returning the climate to its former state.
Mega-colossal eruptions
Even more extreme eruptions have occurred in Earth's past--eruptions ten times more powerful than the Tambora eruption, earning a ranking of 8 out of 8 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). These "mega-colossal" eruptions occur only about once every 10,000 years, but have much longer-lasting climatic effects and thus are a more significant threat to human civilization. According to the Toba Catastrophe Theory, a mega-colossal eruption at Toba Caldera, Sumatra, about 74,000 years ago, was 3500 times greater than the Tambora eruption. According to model simulations, an eruption this large can pump so much sulfur dioxide gas into the stratosphere that the atmosphere does not have the capacity to oxidize all the SO2 to sulfuric acid aerosol. The atmosphere oxidizes as much SO2 as it can, leaving a huge reservoir of SO2 in the stratosphere. This SO2 gradually reacts to form sulfuric acid as the OH radicals needed for this reaction are gradually produced. The result is a much longer-lasting climate effect than the 1 - 2 years that the magnitude 6 and 7 events of 535, 1600, 1815, and 1991 lasted. A magnitude 8 eruption like the Toba event can cool the globe for 6 - 10 years (Figure 3), which may be long enough to trigger an ice age--if the climate is already on the verge of tipping into an ice age. Rampino and Self (1992) argued that the sulfur aerosol veil from Toba was thick and long-lasting enough to cool the globe by 3 - 5°C (5 - 9°F), pushing the climate--which was already cooling and perhaps headed towards an ice age--into a full-scale ice age. They suggested that the response of Canada to the volcano played a particularly important role, with their model predicting a 12°C (22°F) reduction in summer temperatures in Canada. This would have favored the growth of the Laurentide ice sheet, increasing the reflectivity (albedo) of the Earth, reflecting more sunlight and reducing temperatures further. The controversial Toba Catastrophe Theory asserts that the resulting sudden climate change reduced the Earth's population of humans to 1,000 - 10,000 breeding pairs. More recent research has shed considerable doubt on the idea that the Toba eruption pushed the climate into an ice age, though. Oppenheimer (2002) found evidence supporting only a 2°F (1.1°C) cooling of the globe, for the 1000 years after the Toba eruption. Zielinski et al. (1996) argued that the Toba eruption did not trigger a major ice age--the eruption merely pushed the globe into a cool period that lasted 200 years. Interestingly, a previous super-eruption of Toba, 788,000 years ago, coincided with a transition from an ice age to a warm period.
Figure 2. The 100x30 square kilometer Toba Caldera is situated in north-central Sumatra around 200 km north of the Equator. It is comprised of four overlapping calderas aligned with the Sumatran volcanic chain. Repeated volcanic cataclysms culminated in the stupendous expulsion of the Younger Toba Tuff around 74,000 years ago. The lake area is 100 square kilometers. Samosir Island formed as a result of subsequent uplift above the evacuated magma reservoir. Such resurgent domes are typically seen as the concluding phase of a large eruption. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) browse images for path/row 128/58 (6 September 1999) and 129/58 (21 January 2001) from http://landsat7.usgs.gov/. Copyright USGS. Image source: Oppenheimer, C., 2002, "Limited global change due to the largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba 74 kyr BP?"Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, Issues 14-15, August 2002, Pages 1593-1609.
Figure 3. Total mass of sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosol in the stratosphere (heavy solid and dotted lines, respectively) modeled for a 6 petagram stratospheric injection of SO2. Observed SO2 and aerosol mass for the 1991 Pinatubo eruption are shown for comparison. The much larger amount of SO2 in the Toba simulation soaks up all available oxidants in the stratosphere leading to a much longer lifetime of SO2 and, in turn, prolonging the manufacture of sulfate aerosol. Data from Read et al. (1993) and Bekki et al. (1996). Image source: Oppenheimer, C., 2002, "Limited global change due to the largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba 74 kyr BP?"Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, Issues 14-15, August 2002, Pages 1593-1609.
When can we expect the next mega-colossal eruption?
Given the observed frequency of one mega-colossal magnitude 8 volcanic eruption every 1.4 million years, the odds of another hitting in the next 100 years is about .014%, according to Mason et al., 2004. This works out to a 1% chance over the next 7200 years. Rampino (2002) puts the average frequency of such eruptions at once every 50,000 years--about double the frequency with which 1-km diameter comets or asteroids capable of causing a similar climatic effect hit the Earth. A likely location for the next mega-colossal eruption would be at the Yellowstone Caldera in Wyoming, which has had magnitude 7 or 8 eruptions as often as every 650,000 years. The last mega-colossal eruption there was about 640,000 years ago. But don't worry, the seismic activity under Yellowstone Lake earlier this year has died down, and the uplift of the ground over the Yellowstone caldera that was as large as 7 cm/yr (2.7 inches/yr) between 2004 - 2006 has now fallen to 4 cm/yr, according to the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. The USGS states that "the Yellowstone volcanic system shows no signs that it is headed toward such an eruption. The probability of a large caldera-forming eruption within the next few thousand years is exceedingly low".
What would happen if a magnitude 8 mega-colossal eruption were to occur today?
If a mega-colossal eruption were to occur today, it would probably not be able to push Earth into an ice age, according to a modeling study done by Jones et al. (2005). They found that an eruption like Toba would cool the Earth by about 17°F (9.4°C) after the first year (Figure 3), and the temperature would gradually recover to 3°F (1.8°C) below normal ten years after the eruption. They found that the eruption would reduce rainfall by 50% globally for the first two years, and up to 90% over the Amazon, Southeast Asia, and central Africa. This would obviously be very bad for human civilization, with the cold and lack of sunshine causing widespread crop failures and starvation of millions of people. Furthermore, the eruption would lead to a partial loss of Earth's protective ozone layer, allowing highly damaging levels of ultraviolet light to penetrate to the surface.
Not even a mega-colossal eruption of this magnitude would stop global warming, though. The level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere would not be affected by the volcanic eruption, and warming would resume where it left off once the stratospheric dust settled out in a decade. With civilization crippled by the disaster, greenhouse gas emissions would be substantially reduced, though (small solace!) If we really want to say goodbye to civilization, a repeat of the only magnitude 9 eruption in recorded history should do the trick--the magnitude 9.2 La Garita, Colorado blast of 27.8 million years ago (Mason et al., 2004).
Figure 4. Annual near-surface temperature anomalies for the year following a mega-colossal volcanic eruption like the Toba eruption of 74,000 years ago, if it were to occur today. Most land areas cool by 22°F (12°C) compared to average. Some areas, like Africa, cool by 29°F (16°C). Image credit: Jones, G.S., et al., 2005, "An AOGCM simulation of the climate response to a volcanic super-eruption", Climate Dynamics, 25, Numbers 7-8, pp 725-738, December, 2005.
What would happen if a magnitude 7 super-colossal eruption were to occur today?
An eruption today like the magnitude 7 events of 535 A.D. or 1815 would cause cause wide-spread crop failures for 1 - 2 years after the eruption. With food supplies in the world already stretched thin by rising population, decreased water availability, and conversion of cropland to grow biofuels, a major volcanic eruption would probably create widespread famine, threatening the lives of millions of people. Wars over scarce resources might result. However, society's vulnerability to major volcanic eruptions is less than it was, since the globe has warmed significantly in the past 200 years. The famines from the eruptions of 1600 and 1815 both occurred during the Little Ice Age, when global temperatures were about 1.4°F (0.8°C) cooler than today. Crop failures would not be as wide-spread with today's global temperatures, if a suer-colossal eruption were to occur. Fifty years from now, when global temperatures are expected to be at least 1°C warmer, a magnitude 7 eruption should only be able to cool the climate down to year 2009 levels.
Volcanoes also warm the climate
While volcanoes cool the climate on time scales of 1 - 2 years, they act to warm the climate over longer time scales, since they are an important source of natural CO2 to the atmosphere. Volcanoes add 0.1 - 0.3 gigatons (Gt) of carbon to the atmosphere each year, which is about 1 - 3% of what human carbon emissions to the atmosphere were in 2007, according to the Global Carbon Project. In fact, volcanoes are largely responsible for the natural CO2 in the atmosphere, and helped make life possible on Earth. Why, then, haven't CO2 levels continuously risen over geologic time, turning Earth into a steamy hothouse? In fact, CO2 levels have fallen considerably since the time of the dinosaurs--how can this be? Well, volcano-emitted CO2 is removed from the atmosphere by chemical weathering. This occurs when rain and snow fall on rocks containing silicates. The moisture and silicates react with CO2, pulling it out of the air. The carbon removed from the air is then washed into the sea, where it ends up in ocean sediments that gradually harden into rock. Rates of chemical weathering on Earth have accelerated since the time of the dinosaurs, largely due to the recent uplift of the Himalaya Mountains and Tibetan Plateau. These highlands undergo a tremendous amount of weathering, thanks to their lofty heights and the rains of the Asian Monsoon that they capture. Unfortunately, chemical weathering cannot help us with our current high levels of greenhouse gases, since chemical weathering takes thousands of years to remove significant amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere. It takes about 100,000 years for silicate weathering to remove 63% of the CO2 in the atmosphere. Thus, climate models predict that chemical weathering will solve our greenhouse gas problem in about 100,000 - 200,000 years.
For further information
PBS TV special on the 535-536 A.D. disaster.
Newspaper articles on the 535-536 A.D. disaster.
Volcanic winter article from wikipedia.
Realclimate.org has a nice article that goes into the volcano-climate connection in greater detail.
Bekki, S., J.A. Pyle, W. Zhong, R. Toumi, J.D. Haigh and D.M. Pyle, 1996, "The role of microphysical and chemical processes in prolonging the climate forcing of the Toba eruption", Geophysical Research Letters 23 (1996), pp. 2669-2672.
Jones, G.S., et al., 2005, "An AOGCM simulation of the climate response to a volcanic super-eruption", Climate Dynamics, 25, Numbers 7-8, pp 725-738, December, 2005.
Rampino, M.R., and S. Self, 1993, "Climate-volcanism feedback and the Toba eruption of 74,000 years ago", Quaternary Research 40 (1993), pp. 269-280.
Mason, B.G., D.M. Pyle, and C. Oppenheimer, 2004, "The size and frequency of the largest observed explosive eruptions on Earth", Bulletin of Volcanology" 66, Number 8, December 2004, pp 735-748.
Oppenheimer, C., 2002, "Limited global change due to the largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba 74 kyr BP?"Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, Issues 14-15, August 2002, Pages 1593-1609.
Rampino, M.R., 2002, "Supereruptions as a Threat to Civilizations on Earth-like Planets", Icarus, 156, Issue 2, April 2002, Pages 562-569.
Read, W.G., L. Froidevaux and J.W. Waters, 1993, "Microwave Limb Sounder measurements of stratospheric SO2 from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption", Geophysical Research Letters 20 (1993), pp. 1299-1302.
Verosub, K.L., and J. Lippman, 2008, "Global Impacts of the 1600 Eruption of Peru's Huaynaputina Volcano", EOS 89, 15, 8 April 2008, pp 141-142.
Zielinski, G.A. et al., 1996, "Potential Atmospheric Impact of the Toba Mega-Eruption 71,000 Years Ago", Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 8, pp. 837-840, 1996.
Portlight moves to provide relief for South Carolina wildfires
South Carolina's biggest wildfire in more than three decades --a blaze four miles wide--destroyed dozens of homes near Myrtle Beach yesterday. Portlight Strategies, Inc. is preparing to respond to this disaster, focusing on providing drinks and sanitary products to firefighters, particularly to rural volunteer fire departments and other first responders which do not have the same resources as some of the larger paid departments. To help out, visit the Portlight South Carolina fire relief web page. Thanks!
Jeff Masters
The views of the author are his/her own and do not necessarily represent the position of The Weather Company or its parent, IBM.
Cat 6 lead authors: WU cofounder Dr. Jeff Masters (right), who flew w/NOAA Hurricane Hunters 1986-1990, & WU meteorologist Bob Henson, @bhensonweather


text: Sometimes you need to get into a computer without knowing the password. Perhaps you've forgotten yours, or perhaps you're up to no good. Either way, it's actually pretty easy to do, provided your victim hasn't taken the necessary precautions. Click one of the links below to find out how to do it on either a Windows PC or a Mac, and how to prevent others from doing the same to you.

subset: commoncrawl


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For the last eight years or so, Jeremy Hotz's schtick has been his misery. If you don't recognize his name, you surely know him to see him — he's the Canadian standup comic who, his right hand to his face to appear distressed, takes everyday observations and presents you with the downside of them.
From public transportation to the Canadian flag, Hotz can find the misery — and deliver the comedy — in anything.
"Can you call me back in three or four minutes?" he asks, when The Telegram calls at the appointed interview time. "I've got to give my dog his pills."
His dog is sick, he says, and doesn't like taking his medicine.
Hotz hopes his beloved pet is "still kicking" when he returns home at the end of March from his five-week Magical Misery Tour, which begins at the St. John's Arts and Culture Centre Feb. 19.
He's heading out in his dilapidated van ("I'm not really driving a van, I'm flying — they just made me pose for pictures in front of an old van because it looked more miserable," he explains) for a 21-city tour that will take him from here to Kelowna, B.C.
Hotz has been performing comedy for about 20 years, and the whole misery thing came about, he has said in the past, after he one day starting putting his hand to his face and talking about dismal things, and audiences loved it.
"Ever since, I've just been that guy. They call me miserable. It's a unique take on things, you know? I'm walking the dog, some shit happens, and I put it in the show. Come see me, make yourself feel better."
Hotz's real life isn't quite as bad as he lets on. A veteran of the Just for Laughs festival, Hotz has won a Gemini award for his work on CBC's "The Newsroom," as well as multiple Canadian Comedy Awards.
His last tour, "What a Miserable Tour This Is …" sold out across Canada and resulted in a DVD.
He's been a staff writer and performer on the "Jon Stewart Show" and starred in his own half-hour special and the four-part mini-series "Married Life" on Comedy Central.
"I'm miserable, but good things do happen," Hotz admits.
Not long ago, for example, he was performing at L.A.'s The Laugh Factory when pop star Rihanna came in. Also in the audience was a writer for Rolling Stone magazine.
"After the show, she grabbed my arm and said, 'You were amazing,' and the guy wrote that in Rolling Stone. That was cool," Hotz says. "Another time recently, Jerry Lewis was at the club. I listened to him when I was a kid. He let me take a picture with him and I put it up on Facebook. He was a really nice man."
The best thing that can happen to a comedian like Hotz, whose material is largely improvised on stage, often happens in Newfoundland, he says. People here love to participate in comedy shows, heckling and answering rhetorical questions, and for Hotz, it's gold.
"When that happens, it's the greatest thing ever. It obviously fuels my act," he says. "I improvise huge chunks of my act. It's like walking a tightrope — it's more exciting for me. If it doesn't happen, then I just kind of concentrate on the material, but people who come to see me now, they know what I do. People like it."
Although standup is where his heart is, Hotz enjoys acting and will appear this fall in Season 4 of HBO Canada's "Call Me Fitz," shot in Halifax, starring Jason Priestly of "Beverly Hills, 90210" fame. The show is centred around Priestley's character, a used-car salesman. Hotz plays Leonard, a social worker.
"He's probably the worst social worker you could ever think of," Hotz says, laughing. "He's an old dad with a new child, and he's gay on top of it. I like him because he's so interesting. He's not miserable, but he's so profoundly disappointed.
"I like playing a character. I worked on 'The Newsroom' and I know how to act and stuff, and the 'Call Me Fitz' people are the nicest group of people ever. I came in as the new guy, and they really took me in and made me part of their family."
On the "Magical Misery Tour," Hotz plans to do mostly new material, because jokes he's already done before are old by this time.
"Everything I ever say in Canada is on TV immediately," he says.
After that, once he checks in on his dog, he plans to take his first vacation ever — and he's not sure he's up for it.
"My friends keep saying, 'You have to go on vacation,' but really, me on vacation is just going to be me standing near a palm tree, still miserable."
Tickets for Hotz's show in St. John's are $42.50 (taxes included, plus surcharge) and are available at the arts and culture centre box office, by calling 729-3900 or online at www.artsandculturecentre.com.
Twitter: @tara_bradbury


text: Thanks All. I went on some food reviews and dog food analysts sites and they all confirmed what this thread is expressing. I am spending a lot on PPS and according to the majority of the reviews the Kirkland products rate higher than PPS. So I am going to slowly transition over. Thanks all! Time to train. Wish we had water that wasn't capped with a sheet of ice!!!


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[amazon asin=061557680X&template=thumbnail1&chan=default]Guest 1: Kenneth Goldberg, author of The Homework Trap.
Topic: How to save the sanity of parents, students, and teachers.
Issues: The science behind homework difficulties; what homework looks like from the student's perspective; understanding the reasons behind children's homework problems; why the suggestions and solutions you've been offering may be doing more harm than good.
[amazon asin=098399000X&template=thumbnail1&chan=default]Guest 2: Neil McNerney, author of Home Work.
Topic: How to help your child without freaking out.
Issues: Recognizing your personal strengths (and weaknesses) and using harnessing them; identifying the individual ways your child deals with homework and other stressors; learning to use three powerful leadership techniques to help your child achieve success.
Guest 3: CAPT Brad Cooper, Executive Director of Joining Forces.
Topic: Employment programs for military spouses and veterans.
Issues: Ensuring the professional licenses will be accepted nationwide; job training for returning veterans; ensuring that high school AP coursework will be accepted even if the student transfers mid-year; and much more.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download


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Hey all you Wisconsin turkey hunters! I have been tossing around some ideas and finaly got the go ahead for a very special event. In conjunction with the 6th annual Howards Grove Rod & Gun Club Learn To Hunt turkeys, this year on Saturday, March 30,2013, we are going to have Talk'n Turkey. It is going to be a night of turkey talk, shopping, and swapping stories with fellow hunters.
The first confirmed speaker I am pleased to anounce is Shane Simpson, from Callingallturkeys.com. I am presently working on a couple of other presentors for the evening, and will give you all updates as they come. There will also be different vendors and callmakers selling there goods.
Time and specific location are still in the works, but I am excited cause this is something I have been wanting to put together for a while. I invite all of you to this event. Admission will not be that much, thinking $3 in advance, $5 at the door. Kids 12 and under free, cause that is what we are doing this for is the kids. All money raised will go to the Learn To Hunt Program.
I am looking for more vendors, so if you make calls, or have anything turkey hunting related that you sell and would be interested in having a booth, shoot me a pm for more info. Also if you have a speaker that you would suggest let me know. This will also be the weekend of our hunt, so if you might want to mentor a kid and take this in shoot me a message.


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6.12: Human Uses of Fungi
What would happen if there were no fungi?
We'd be living in a huge trash pile! All the fallen leaves, grass clippings, dead trees, and other organic waste would just build up. Fungi are important decomposers in the environment. Not only do they get rid of wastes, they make the nutrients in the wastes available to other organisms. This is just one way that fungi are important to us.
Fungi Roles
Fungi are extremely important to the ecosystem because they are one of the major decomposers of organic material. But they have other roles in addition to being decomposers. How do fungi help people? They are used to help prepare food and beverages, and they have many other uses.
Importance of Fungi for Human Use
- Yeasts are crucial for the fermentation process that makes beer, wine, and bread. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and allows the first step of cellular respiration, glycolysis, to continue.
- Some fungi are used in the production of soy sauce and tempeh, a source of protein used in Southeast Asia.
- Fungi can produce antibiotics, such as penicillin. Antibiotics are important medicines that kill bacteria.
- Mushrooms are fungi that are eaten by people all over the globe.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a single-celled fungus called brewer's or baker's yeast, is used in the baking of bread and in making wine and beer through fermentation.
Edible and Poisonous Fungi
Some of the best known types of fungi are mushrooms, which can be edible or poisonous (Figure below). Many species are grown commercially, but others are harvested from the wild. When you order a pizza with mushrooms or add them to your salad, you are most likely eating Agaricus bisporus, known as white or button mushrooms, the most commonly eaten species. Other mushroom species are gathered from the wild for people to eat or for commercial sale. Many mushroom species are poisonous to humans. Some mushrooms will simply give you a stomachache, while others may kill you. Some mushrooms you can eat when they are cooked but are poisonous when raw. So if you find mushrooms in the wild, don't eat them until you are certain they are safe!
Have you ever eaten blue cheese? Do you know what makes it blue? You guessed it. A fungus. For certain types of cheeses, producers add fungus spores to milk curds to promote the growth of mold, which makes the cheese blue. Molds used in cheese production are safe for humans to eat.
Some fungi are poisonous are must be avoided.
- antibiotic: Medicine that kills bacteria and cures bacterial infections and diseases.
- fermentation: Conversion of sugar, glucose, to carbon dioxide and alcohol in the absence of oxygen; performed by yeast in the production of products like beer and wine.
- Yeast are used for the fermentation process that makes beer, wine, and bread.
- Some mushrooms are edible, but others can make you sick or even kill you.
Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
- Penicillin at http://herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/FunFacts/penicillin.htm
- What did Alexander Fleming observe that led to the discovery of penicillin?
- What does penicillin do?
- Where was penicillin isolated from?
- What did scientists need to do to grow Penicillium notatum in deep fermentation vats?
- Decomposition at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6gZY4OJCuA (1:57)
- Do the same species of fungi take care of the entire decomposition process?
- Do all species of fungi seek the same resources from decaying matter?
- Why is biodiversity among fungi important?
- What are some uses humans have for fungi?
- Do you think it is safe to eat a mushroom you find in your yard? Why or why not?
Notes/Highlights Having trouble? Report an issue.
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i hoope that all the turkeys that i am seeing in the fields day after day in the exacty same spots is a good omen for the next spring season!!! hopefully this year i will get my first turkey!!!
hopefully they will migrate to where i will be hunting too.


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- Warranty: 5-year limited warrantyDimensions: 14" H x 18 3/8" W x 20 7/8" D
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|Member Profiles Introduce yourself!
|Topic Review (Newest First)
Welcome! It's obvious you have a broad spectrum of knowledge for the region. You're an asset to the group!
Look forward to getting out on the water with you.
I grew up in Middlebury, CT...fishing farm ponds for bass. I miss it.
I picked up flyfishing much later, just before college actually, and that is when I got introduced to the Housy and Farmington. I learned to flyfish, fishing for smallmouth on the Housy. What a blast!! One of my first times fishing for trout was during the whitefly. It was out of control...again something I'll never forget. Had one great weekend on the Farmington a couple weeks back as well. Was driving up by the covered bridge this past weekend, but the levels looked pretty low.
Perhaps we can hook up sometime; I'm always looking for someone to head out with when I head down to visit my parents.
|Dble Haul
It was only a matter of time......
I guess that it's about time that I finally hop aboard this message community. Let me start by saying that I am not by any means a flyfishing purist; rather, flyfishing is my most preferred method for pursuing gamefish. When the conditions for flyfishing are not possible, I will still angle using conventional methods. However, I think it's fair to say that my experiences have shown me that most gamefish can be caught fairly regularly with the long rod, so I use it for about 95% of my fishing.
I reside in central Connecticut. I grew up in Maine and have also lived in New Hampshire and Alabama for short stints. During my college years I worked as a guide for a service out of Portland, Maine during the summers. This afforded me the opportunity to explore some of the best fishing in the northeast, both fresh and salt. If anybody needs info for coastal or inland fishing in western Maine, please don't hesitate to contact me. I'm always very willing to share info with other anglers. I also believe that there really aren't any "secret" spots left. If you think that you have a spot all to yourself, chances are that you're just not there when others are.
My move to Connecticut has given me a chance to fish some great water. While I like going after trout in the Farmington, Salmon, and Housatonic Rivers, I don't really like the crowds. Fortunately I'm more at home chasing warmwater species such as large and smallmouth bass, pike, etc., and saltwater species such as stripers and bluefish. I have already visited some prime spots in Rhode Island and can't believe the variety of coastal gamefish, even compared to Maine.
I tie all of my salt water patterns, and most of my fresh water patterns. It's a great way to pass the winter or to fill a gap in the inventory of one of my fly boxes. I also practice catch and release to preserve the resources that we have.
I look forward to sharing thoughts and information with all of you. You'll probably see me mostly on the striper and warm water boards, but not exclusively.
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A set of sounds used to convey meaning.
It's one thing to hear a phrase and say it back right away, but it's another thing entirely to say it again on your own, a day or a week later, in a completely new situation. In order to do that, we need to understand how the brain remembers the sounds it hears. Sleep and memory are deeply connected, and deep sleep ("REM sleep") helps your brain organize patterns found in your daily activities -- including the sounds of your new language. Repeating activities over a number of days reinforces those patterns and helps push them into your long-term memory.
So what does that mean for language learning? Well, it means that cramming for hours all at once is not the best way to learn a language! For the best results, you should put in a shorter amount of time every day - we find 20 minutes to be a good starting point for most learners. This way, your brain will have plenty of time and space to digest the new material. Don't be surprised when you wake up one morning humming some sentences in your new language as if you'd been fluent all along!
To speak a language smoothly and confidently – in a flowing way. (From Latin fluens, "flowing").
You may have heard the common myth that children are better language learners than adults - but it's simply not true! Science shows that children have the most opportunity to learn languages, because we keep our speech at a level that we expect them to understand. But children are perfectly capable of speaking fluently, even with their limited range of vocabulary and expression.
Don't expect to master a language in a week or a month - a nearly impossible task - but you can still express yourself fluently using what you've already learned, even from the very beginning! We carefully select every sentence in our courses to gradually build vocabulary and grammatical concepts naturally, through repeated exposure in different contexts. Check out our courses for a detailed list of what topics are covered in each series.
In English, we're so accustomed to our own spelling that we can read and write with very little effort. But in a new language, making the jump from spelling to sound is usually one of the biggest stumbling blocks to clear pronunciation.
The fact is that you don't need to learn how to read and write (nothing can replace comprehensible input), but reading and writing can be a valuable tool if you take the time to learn them. Phonics is a useful tool for language development, but how exactly do you do phonics when you can't even read the script? Not to worry - we provide two different levels of detailed phonics, a romanization using the alphabet, and the International Phonetic Alphabet for people who are serious about pronunciation.
There are hundreds of languages with more than a million speakers. But we only see books and materials for the the most common written ones: English, Mandarin, French, German, etc. Unlike textbook methods, the Glossika method works really well even with unwritten languages and dialects. We're always adding languages, so why not try something new?
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Figures, I was having a good week and today had to come and crap all over me.
Had some "discussions" and PnP devices, naming and devfs on linux-kernel. Sounds like everyone has come to the conclusion, devfsd (or possibly other daemon) as a device manager is a good idea. Just so you know, I implemented this over 1 week ago :)
More work on my USB devfs patches and devfsd support. So much work, so little time.
Worked on more non-specific Linux ia64 stuff.
Still enthusiastically anticipating this weekend.


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Maruti Baleno price in Haldwani start at Rs. 5.38 Lakh. The lowest price model is Maruti Baleno 1.2 Sigma and the most priced model of Maruti Baleno RS priced at Rs. 8.85 Lakh.
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Ginseng is a perennial plant that grows in cooler climates. As an herb, it's been used for thousands of years by herbalists and Chinese medical practitioners for healing various conditions and bringing the body back into balance. The Panax species of ginseng is a rich source of compounds called ginsenosides that are responsible for some of its purported health benefits.
Research shows that the ginsenosides in ginseng have an anti-inflammatory effect. These natural anti-inflammatory compounds may ward off some diseases associated with aging including heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Ginseng ginsenosides may also benefit people with allergies and autoimmune disorders, although more research is needed to confirm this. Research results in these areas have been mixed, likely due to differing quantities of ginsenosides in the ginseng plants used in the studies.
There's also some evidence that ginseng boosts libido and improves erectile dysfunction in men. In addition, other research suggests that Siberian ginseng reduces the frequency of infections with a virus called HSV-2 that causes genital warts. When used with another herb called andrographis, it may shorten the duration of the common cold. Research also shows that ginseng helps to fight fatigue in people undergoing cancer chemotherapy. Panax ginseng may be helpful for treating chronic fatigue syndrome and depression according to preliminary research.
Ginseng even seems to have benefits for the skin. In one small study, a group of females over the age of 40 took either a red ginseng extract (3 grams a day) or a placebo for 6 months. Not only did their facial wrinkles appear less pronounced by the end of the study, when they took skin samples, they found collagen synthesis had increased in the dermis and enzymes that break down collagen were less active.
Why is this important? Through sun exposure and due to the natural aging process, collagen synthesis in the dermal layer of the skin becomes less active. Exposure to ultraviolet light also activates enzymes called metalloproteinases that break down collagen. Collagen is a protein that gives skin its support and youthful firmness, so increased collagen synthesis is a good thing when it comes to keeping skin youthful.
What about topical ginseng? There hasn't been a great deal of research looking at the benefits of topical ginseng, although preliminary studies look promising. One study carried out in mice showed that red ginseng applied topically reduced the severity of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disorder that involves itching, irritation and skin cracking. The itch can be quite intense for some people. Because ginseng has anti-inflammatory properties, it may help to relieve the symptoms of this common and frustrating skin problem.
Due to its potential skin benefits, manufacturers of cosmetic and personal care products sometimes add ginseng to their products. Some products that ginseng can be found in include facial moisturizers, anti-aging skin treatments, soaps and some cosmetics. Ginseng is also touted as a treatment for hair loss which is why you may find it in some shampoos and hair treatments designed to treat thinning hair. Ginseng also appears to have hair conditioning benefits, and emollient properties that make it beneficial for dry hair or skin.
Is it safe? When ginseng is used orally, it blocks platelet activity at higher doses and can increase the risk of bleeding. It also has estrogen-like activity, which means it may not be a good choice for women at high risk for breast cancer. It can also cause insomnia, headache, changes in mood, changes in blood pressure or menstrual irregularities and abnormal bleeding when taken as an oral supplement. In cosmetic and personal care products, it appears to be safe. The Environmental Working Group classifies ginseng as a low-hazard cosmetic ingredient.
All in all, ginseng appears to have health benefits, and its anti-inflammatory properties make it a desirable ingredient in skin care and anti-aging products.


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Last week, New Yorkers went gaga for Mercedes Benz Fashion Week. Stylistas from around the world made their way to the Big Apple to celebrate fashion in all its glory.
This week, Fashion made its way across the pond to London and our favorite fashionistas have followed suit.
CONCRETE CATWALK: NYFW Real Style Edition! Best Looks from Lincoln Center
From industry vets to some of fashion's freshest faces, celebs came out and showed out at London Fashion Week this year.
But after just a few days of fabulous shows and events, London Fashion Week comes to a close today. And to celebrate, we've composed a gallery of some of our favorite celeb sightings this year.
RED CARPET RECAP: The Stars Come Out For The 9th Annual Style Awards
Take a look at some of your favorite fashionistas, like Kate Moss, VV Brown and Gaga, at LFW in the gallery above!


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This adjustable base is exactly what you have been looking for to achieve the perfect night of sleep each and every night. Unique features make this base the ideal one for your home. Contemporary gray patterned upholstery, an ultra-quiet high-performance motor, a back-lit wireless stand-up remote, emergency power-down feature, flat button, two programmable custom positions, a press-and-hold safety feature, dual massage with on/off button, under-bed light and wallhugger® engineering combine to give this base and amazing amount of features. With this base in your home, you can't go wrong.
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Drift off to sleep atop amazing technology created specifically to make sure you enjoy a luscious nights sleep every night of the week with the addition of this adjustable base to your home. Leggett & Platt have out done themselves with this collection of adjustable bases. Position the bed flat, with the head up, feet up, or both up till you discover which is best for you for that ideal night of sleep you have been dreaming of.
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While reading the NWTF' s spring turkey behaviour post, I realized how dumb I was not realizing it was all about mating. I plan to by a hen decoy and a jake decoy ( cheap ones ) and have it set up as the Jake is trying to "get" ( ) with the hen. I will use a yelp call using misoiltesters' s box call, use treerosters slate call and a diaphragm call, and Charlie elks push button call. I will use the slate call to make some Jake mating sounds, the box call for a yelp, and the push button for which ever ! I will use some #5 shot 12 gauge 2 3/4 " loads ( still deciding on what loads that are cheap to try ) with a full choke. I assume I can make it to about 30 yards with this setup, I want a load with at least 1 1/4 ounces of lead. So what do you think ? I will be wearing camo and a turkey hunting hat, courtesy of misoiltesters. I will be hunting the edge of forest and fields with a surprising wetland area and hardwood forests. If you live in Ohio, then it is Deer Creek, if you don't live in Ohio, then you probably don't know it. It is a wildlife area with a campground, lodge, golf course, and giant lake that is awesome to fish on. Please leave feedback on if you think this is a good idea or not.
P.S. The load I am looking at is the Winchester Super X High Brass Game load in #5 or #6 or# 4 shot. 15$ for a box of 25 from Dicks. I may also get the Remington Express High Brass in the same shot sizes. Both are 2 3/4 " shells with around 1 1/4 ounces of lead and are shooting around 1330 fps. I know these may be a little light, but these are cheap enough.


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By Brad Locke/NEMS Daily Journal
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – A little extra work isn't going to throw off Tony Hughes. Plus, he's got good help.
The Mississippi State safeties coach is also having to coach cornerbacks and nickelbacks this week as the team prepares for Tuesday's Gator Bowl matchup with No. 21 Northwestern. The extra duty is due to Melvin Smith leaving for a job at Auburn on Christmas Day.
Hughes, who's been at MSU since 2009, has coached entire defensive backfields at other schools, including Southern Miss, Ole Miss and Louisiana Tech. So this is nothing new.
"He's trying to handle all 20 of us at one time," cornerback Darius Slay said. "That's a lot on his head, but coach will be all right."
Hughes isn't doing it alone. Head coach Dan Mullen is pitching in, and graduate assistant Ryan McNamara was leading the cornerbacks during position drills Thursday.
It also helps that this is a veteran group, with Slay, Johnthan Banks and Corey Broomfield all seniors. Banks started his MSU career at safety, and Broomfield played a lot of safety earlier this fall, so they're very familiar with how Hughes works.
"If you have a lot of young kids that never played before, that would be a different deal," said Hughes. "Right now the kids are older, and they're mature, and we walk in the room all together: 'Hey, this is what we're going to do. OK, coach, let's go.'"
As for the departure of Smith, Banks and Slay aren't upset with him. Banks said he's happy for Smith and understands that "it's a business," and Slay said Smith is still checking up on his former pupils.
"It's kind of sad not having him out there, but we've got older guys – me, Slay and Broom," Banks said. "We can run it."
'No excuses'
Quarterback Tyler Russell is no longer limited in practice.
A sprained ankle limited the junior during pre-Christmas practices, but he did normal work during Thursday's practice – the first of bowl week – and will continue to do so.
"The ankle feels good, so it feels good to be out there at full speed," said Russell, who was dealing with a knee injury this time last year. He wound up not playing in the Bulldogs' Music City Bowl win over Wake Forest.
"He has no excuses, and I told him that," offensive coordinator Les Koenning said. "There's a difference between pain and injury. It's a little pain, we've got to fight through it. He's OK.
"I haven't seen any problem with him at all."
Bumphis having fun
Two years ago, receiver Chad Bumphis had to watch as MSU prepped for the Gator Bowl after suffering a broken collarbone a few weeks earlier against Ole Miss.
Well, he wasn't really watching. Strength and conditioning coach Matt Balis had Bumphis running the steps at Hodges Stadium.
"So it's a lot better to be practicing," said Bumphis, who has 55 catches for 904 yards and 12 touchdowns this year.
This is the last week of practice for the senior from Tupelo. He's trying to relish it.
"It's fun, but it's emotional," he said. "You just want to go out and play and have fun and make sure you leave with a good taste in your mouth."


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I just got this in the mail. I believe this is my first "kit" that is not music related. Pretty excited to get this built!
A lot of the talk here is centered around musically related kits and builds in and out of the shruthiverse™. I was curious what some other people are building here. Are you into anything that is in a "kit" or pcb only form? Do you build other devices to help tame the soldering addiction (as I am doing with this clock.) If so, what are you building? Share photos/links/thoughts, please!
That thing looks awesome and I know just where I'd put one of those…
Please stop spending my money!
I haven't really built anything non-music related from kit but I've certainly done plenty of technical things. My house has a lot of z-wave home automation for security and convenience.
I also build bicycles and have built numerous sets of wheels. I've got about 7 bikes at the moment.
This is my "big" bike, great for carrying shopping and parcels. This is an old photo, it has changed a little since then, I added dynamo hub lighting and a Rohloff hub.
Not musical or electronic at all, also not from a kit. Completely scratch built from raw materials.
A carcass saw, for making furniture joinery.
I found that when one is unemployed, there is a lot of time to build things. Even hand tools.
I'm working again, so I don't have time to make tools anymore (enough time for soldering though…)
@Fresh Pants – That's beautiful!
Thanks. It even cuts wood too!
@ shrab: I've been thinking about building that for some time. My job is to go to jobsites and program the lighting. Usually just commons area's. Sometimes RGB LED. I have a ton of stuff in my house for controlling lighting via buildings automations, internet, etc. I have a couple of our relay panels that I want to wire into the house and connect it to the computer so I can turn lights on & off remotely. A friend of mine has done all of this. His whole house is wired up to be controlled remotely. He's even soldered a relay to his computer to turn it on & off from remotely. Some day…
@ 6581: Our guitarist is into building bikes. That bug hasn't bit me…yet.
@ Fresh Pants: Thats great! I've been thinking about getting into some small woodworking. I want to build some nice wood panels with some exotic wood for my Moog Minitaur.
The Ice Tube Clock build is coming along. Soldering up that tube had to of been one of the hardest things I've had to do in a DIY kit. Getting every wire through the hole was a headache. Seriously, I have a headache now.
This is all very cool! I'm hoping to pick up some inspiration here. Keep 'em coming!
@qp: is there a spare serial port on the MCU to make it output MIDI? With a bit of firmware hack magic you could hook it to the Shruthi and make it play the westminster chimes with a fat bass sound…
@qp – It's beautiful!
@qp – What are you using the pots for in the front of each case?
haha! wow, didn't notice that. Awesome!!
@titus: Don't look Marion! Whatever you do, don't open your eyes!
The pots are for input & output volumes. It's almost nescissary to have one on the output of an SMR4. They run hot. And I found its 100% nescissary on the input, if you use it (and with a IR3109 board, ya better believe I'm using it!)
I have pots that I bought especially for this but I have been too lazy to drill the cases etc. I'm going to do it now.
@schrab: Now THAT's a fine idea for holes – far cheaper than those stepped drill bits like this:
Just tracked down a UK supplier of schrab's device for just £4.82 here
And here's a pic:
Very handy. I need to to the opposite for something else I'm doing. Cut a disc of plastic. I was thinking of heating up a socket from a socket set and pushing it into the material to melt out a disc.
Anyone got any other ideas? it saves drilling lots of holes around a circle and filing it into shape.
@fcd72: Now that's just showing off frank! ;-)
@6581punk: If you can accept a hole in the middle something like this would do the job:
@6581punk: Diameter and colour of reflector?
( I think it more likely you'll find a ready-made solution if you use some lateral thinking ;-))
Something like these acrylic disks should do the job:
1/8" thick and available in diameters from 0.5" to 3"
The secret is to Google "clear acrylic circles"
Anyone ever built one of those nixie tube clocks? They look really cool and I would appreciate any leads on the best kit(s).
I found a guy in Germany (I see a pattern there!) who sells nixie clocks in nice plexi cases who can also be slaved to the standard German time broadcast (DCF-77) or a GPS clock. He also had thermometers and SPL meters for sale.
But, there are far more options stateside! I just wanted to avoid any VAT or customs issues this time around. Some ppl won't even ship nixie stuff to Europe.
Somewhat related: I bought me some tubes for Marc Bareille's plasma VU meter and now I'm penciling an enclosure.
Day dreaming takes me here. UK based though. Loads of info as well as kits and ready made nixie clocks for sale.
Yes I found these places as well. It's just difficult to determine where the best value is, who makes the best kit/design etc. I was hoping some of you have made them and could provide an endorsement.
I think I'm going to build a Sven. They look BAD ASS.
Too bad some of the SMT work is already done, but it's not like that part is fun anyway… :-\
@schrab, I had a couple of questions for that Ambilight board you have. I've been doing some looking around, and it seems for good quality, the lightpack is the way to go. It looks like currently it is out of stock at the moment. What I was wondering is how is it driven? Does it have to be connected to a computer? Also, can multiple unites be chained together? I'd like to get one for my TV, but it's not connected to a computer and it's a "60 so I'd need a lot of leds. Whats the cost for one. It's kinda hard to find detailed info on them.
It is expensive, but I'm looking at it as a work of art, the only thing outside of my studio that says hey, a builder lives here. You know?
After shopping around, this was on the relatively inexpensive side. The UK guy's kits are like $500+.
Anyway, I'm going to do it. Fuck it.
It did. And I blame you!
>>>What I was wondering is how is it driven? Does it have to be connected to a computer?
it's multiplatform usb/software thing. You have 10 areas on you screen linked with physical leds. You can define it's sizes (from 1x1px to fullscreen) and positions. Driver sends average сolor info from this areas to leds.
Also backlight function, moodlamp and audio analyzer plugin.
>>>Also, can multiple unites be chained together?
>>>I'd like to get one for my TV, but it's not connected to a computer and it's a "60 so I'd need a lot of leds. Whats the cost for one. It's kinda hard to find detailed info on them.
It will not work with standalone TV. You can connect let stripes for big monitors/tv's. Assembled unit is about $100 but demand is high "so out of stock" most of time.
How cool is this?
LIke for a steampunk VU meter? Or just install a mic and let it throb from ambient room noise or whatever music is playing…
Some of the old-school electronics just can't be beat IMO.
P.S. These things are actually miniature cathode ray tubes. I had never heard of them until a couple of days ago. Anyone old enough to remember fancy radios would recognize them. Apparently they were provided as a visual queue to help tune in radio stations.
I'm old enough that I have vague recollection of something that had a cylindrical gauge that had two green parts that came together to make a solid green box when something was achieved… I just can't recall what it was or where I saw/used it. It was tiny though… like a centimeter or so… Maybe it was my grandfather's old radio?
Sort of back on track, lots of other interests (too many really). I recently bought a DSLR, a Nikon D7000, and got back into photography, this shot is going to be the cover of a friend's CD being released soon:
Also been into motorcycling for many years (1970 was the start), rode trials for awhile (the Europeans might know what that is more than the Americans), and now have a heavily leaned on one of these:
Was into model railroading in a big way, and I'm into slot car racing as well. Here are some shots of the track and some of my custom-decorated cars:
I have been taking pictures for a decade (digital since 2007, most of my work pre 2005 is in big Ilford boxes at home – used to be very DIY about it!), put it on hold when I started working on the Shruthi. Will get back to it eventually.
I've seen some of your photos pichenettes. They're awesome!
I think the magic eye in my distant memory looked something like this. I think they were once commonplace and I just forgot about them…
Most of what I solder is music-related, but there are some notable exceptions:
Built a cube of adafruit Game of Life kits to learn soldering: http://www.adafruit.com/products/89
Built a Solder:Time watch mostly just to pass time one evening: http://www.sparkfun.com/products/10751
Working on a Techzone RepRap Mendel, although it's a big and complex project (largely because of the poor build documentation): http://techzonecom.com/detail.php?pr_id=25
Got a couple of random kits I bought from Maplin (a UK high-street electronics shop) that I've yet to built. A light-sensing robot and something that's supposed to simulate the sound of a steam train.
On top of that, I've built a lot of IKEA furniture in my time, and I've written a lot of software over the years.
Hey! Nixie Clock in the house!
It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!


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LaForge asks (does Harald Welte actually read recentlog?) Why do self-respecting hackers use Gmail & Co?, noting how many of his mailing list subscribers use Gmail, and making some observations about the privacy implications.
As a datapoint, I do have a Gmail account, and I try only to use that for mailing lists, although some family members seem to prefer using that account despite my protestations. I don't consider the privacy implications of my mailing list subscriptions to be particularly invasive, especially since the fact of my subscribing to several of them is public information. I have a web.de account as an emergency backup for correspondence with my hosting service, and apart from these cases, I try to use the email accounts I maintain myself for correspondence, with the considerations LaForge talks about looming large.
It occurs to me that I could try to get a friend to administer my emergency email account, but then I recall that I've had trouble with that in the past.
I should think that Joel Coel's answer to the question Using gmail as your primary mail server on Server Fault provides a common answer to LaForge's question too.


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Remembering what Marcella Hazan taught us all
I'm thinking a lot about Marcella Hazan, the doyen of Italian cooking in America, who died yesterday in Florida at the age of 89. I've been flipping through my copy of her first book, The Classic Italian Cookbook, and musing about how much she informed the way I cook, the way millions of Americans cook, and the way Hazan changed the way we all eat.
I can't remember when I bought the book, which was first published in 1973 and was subtitled "The Art of Italian Cooking and the Italian Art of Eating," but it must have been around 1979; it was already in paperback. It was one of the first cookbooks I owned — along with Joy of Cooking and Julia Child's Mastering the Art of French Cooking. The book taught me lessons about Italian cooking — about technique and the value of using great ingredients and not overworking them — I've always carried with me. They were lessons being learned all over America during that decade, such an important one in the history of American eating. "The Classic Italian Cookbook" is one of the most influential cookbooks every published in America; Hazan is hugely responsible for America's long-standing love affair with Italian food.
My copy is falling apart — literally: The spine is broken in two, and I just try to keep the pages, which are falling out, in order. But the place where the spine broke is telling: the page with the recipe for Risotto, Milan Style. Risotto for me was the great lesson of the book. I'd turned to the risotto milanese recipe because I'd learned on page 256 that "the natural accompaniment for ossobuco is Risotto, Milan Style (page 184)." I'm quite sure that Hazan's book is a big reason ossobuco became such a popular dinner party dish in the 1970s. I only make the dish about once every five years at this point, but it's Hazan's recipe I turn to. It's also where I learned that the traditional garnish for ossobuco is gremolada. I wonder how many Americans learned of gremolada — the pungent chop of garlic, parsley and grated lemon peel — from these same pages. Not that Hazan was a fan of it as a garnish for the dish. "Tradition deserves respect," she wrote, "but art demands sincerity, and cooking is, above all else, an art. In the light of modern taste, I find that the gremolada overloads with unnecessary pungency a beautifully balanced and richly flavored dish." Bless her heart.
Altogether, it's not a book that's effusive or joyful, but one that's exacting and correct. I was never terribly attracted by Hazan's recipes for antipasti, which I found to be a little too austere. But I bow to it for teaching me to make pesto, hand-made pasta, gnocchi and much more.
Meanwhile, it's a book that the menu masterminds of Dallas' Italian restaurants — where so many crimes culinary and aesthetic are visited on the Italian repertoire every night of the week — would do well to revisit (if they ever visited it in the first place), if for nothing else than to relearn its lessons of simplicity and of the true spirit of Italian cooking. Interesting note: When Mi Piaci first opened in 1991, most of its recipes were based on Hazan's recipes.
Marcella Hazan, mille grazie for what you gave us all.
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Tracy H said about: Tony Pick Photography
Wonderful experience with Tony Pick for family portraits on the beach at Aldeburgh, covering three generations of our family. Ranging from 8 - over 70 years everyone was put at ease, kept engaged and included in the process of the shoot....
Added May 2012
Trevor d'S said about: Tony Pick Photography
Hi Tony, Thank you again for a great workshop day on the 13th. I thoroughly enjoyed it and learned a lot....
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Gary & Viv H said about: Tony Pick Photography
Amazing Day! Beautiful Wedding Shoot in Aldeburgh 7th April 2012
Morning Lizzie and Tony....
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If you are seeking a world-class educational experience within a vibrant, Christ-centered learning community, Cedarville is the place for you. Step up to the challenge of our arts, sciences, professional and graduate programs, and achieve more than you ever imagined. Be challenged and transformed by professors who are experts in their fields and invest their lives at Cedarville to mentor and guide students like you.
Introduction to mathematical concepts including voting theory, apportionment and fair division, models of population growth, and graph theory. Prerequisite: Proficiency in Mathematics.
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The 40 days of Lent – the widely observed Christian season of penitence and reflection – confronts those who participate with the value of choices, and their costs.
The hardest choices require not only following Jesus Christ, but fully understanding that participating as a disciple places all at risk of confrontations with the powers of this world seeking to displace the kingdom of God ushered in with the life of Jesus.
Followers of the Way, as the earliest Christians understood their faith, always leads to Jerusalem, which is the way of testing, decision and standing up to worship of the status quo.
We are required to ask why Jesus chose to cross all the lines and exceed all the barriers of custom, convention and religious authority.
Garry Wills, a Pulitzer Prize-winning author says in his book, "What Jesus Meant" that Jesus "walks through social barriers and taboos as if they were cobwebs. People and practices other men were required to shun he embraced with an equanimity that infuriates the proper and observant in his culture."
Wills says the answer to the question is that Jesus meant to teach the lesson that "people should not be separated into classes of the clean and unclean, the worthy and the unworthy, the respectable and unrespectable. He has told his followers that they are privileged, since they enter into a new intimacy with the Father … whose love is undiscriminating and inclusive, not gradated and exclusive. … His followers are not to aspire to the social register, but to seek out the forsaken."
Everything in the message of Jesus calls us to decide, and to act, usually in radical difference from our perceptions up to the point of encounter with Christ.
Jesus took on the worldly authorities who sought to dominate, enslave and exploit people. The choice involved real and visible powers and authorities capable of doing great harm with determined resistance.
The choices Jesus made were not just about unseen spiritual forces but political structures and the people at the top of them – civil and religious – who used religion and claimed divinity for their own advancement.
"The Way is not about how to get to heaven … but a path to transformation this side of death," says the writer and scholar Marcus Borg.
"In shorthand: Jerusalem was the place of direct confrontation with the domination system of (Jesus') time – the place for death and resurrection, with its twofold meaning: as a metaphor for internal transformation; and, as the place of execution by the imperial (Roman) domination system, and vindication by God."
Following the Way has never been the easy path to anything.
A prayer of Bernard of Clairvaux in the 11th century offers strength for those on the Way:
"Wherever you go, I will follow you. If you pass through fire, I will not flinch, I fear no evil when you are with me. You carry my griefs because you grieve for my sake. You passed through the narrow doorway from death to life, to make it wide enough for all to follow. Nothing can ever now separate me from your love."
– from the Northeast
Mississippi Daily Journal
Mack Spencer


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Yikes: Eurozone's unemployment rate hits a new high
posted at 5:21 pm on March 1, 2013 by Erika Johnsen
As Ed mentioned in his rundown of the Eurozone's systemic problems earlier this week, Italy as a country just resoundingly voted in rejection of fiscal austerity, and their financial and economic outlook is looking pretty bleak — an outlook just made even bleaker by January's record-high unemployment numbers released today. Via Reuters:
Italy's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate jumped to 11.7 percent in January from 11.3 percent the month before to hit its highest level for at least 21 years, data showed on Friday.
The figure was above all forecasts in a Reuters survey of analysts which pointed to a marginal uptick to 11.3 percent. …
Both overall unemployment and youth unemployment were the highest since the current statistical series was begun in 1992.
And that's not all. Italy's increasingly poor economic performance combined with all of the Eurozone's continued economic doldrums has pushed the 17-member bloc's collective unemployment rate into new territory:
The unemployment rate in the euro zone edged up in January to a new record, official data showed Friday, as the ailing European economy continued to weigh on the job market. …
Unemployment in the 17-nation euro zone climbed to 11.9 percent in January from 11.8 percent the previous month, according to Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.
For the 27 nations of the Union, the jobless rate in January stood at 10.8 percent, up from 10.7 percent in December. All of the figures were seasonally adjusted. …
The jobless data "suggest that wage growth is set to weaken from already low rates" and further depress consumer spending, which has already been damped by government austerity measures, Jennifer McKeown, an economist at Capital Economics in London, wrote in a research note.
Europe did pretty well at convincing themselves that the worst of the European debt crisis was over, but was it really just the eye of the storm? These unemployment rates and the recently revised economic growth forecasts for 2013 aren't going to make austerity measures any more welcome in the eyes of voters — and if Italy and Spain, the bloc's third and fourth largest economies end up needing bailouts, it could very well spell extended troubles for the eurozone's prospects, says Robert Samuelson:
The euro crisis is back. Actually, it never left. But there was an extended period, beginning last summer, when Europe's political, business and media elites convinced themselves the worst had passed. The European Central Bank (ECB) — Europe's Federal Reserve — had tranquilized jittery bond markets. …
But Italians did send a message. "The election wasn't just anti-austerity. It was also anti-German," says David Smick, editor of The International Economy magazine. "Berlusconi's rhetoric was very anti-German. In Italian politics now, it's dangerous to appear being the lapdog of [German Chancellor] Angela Merkel." In one dazzling stroke, Italian voters rejected both Europe's main response to high government debt — cut spending, raise taxes — and the policy's most powerful architect, Germany's Merkel. If Italy needs to be bailed out, the negotiations already look tortuous. …
The amounts required would dwarf the rescues of Greece, Portugal and Ireland. Agreement would be hardly guaranteed. As conditions for aid, the ECB and Germany have insisted on precisely the austerity and structural changes that Italian voters just rejected. Could Italy, backed by other debtor nations, force changes in old policies and, if not, what happens? Europe's future remains in play.
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After reading about all the poult sightings and thinking how bow season is only a month and 13 days away, how old are the poults before you can tell which are jennies and which are jakes? There have been a couple of times where I thought I was pulling the trigger on an adult hen only to find out when I walked up to it and looked real close at the feathers that I had actually shot a young jake.
Usually I don't turkey hunt in the fall untill October and even then I sometimes have a hard time telling which is which. I know the tips of the feathers are different colors but with my colorblindness its hard to tell unless they are within spitting distance. Im just wondering if there is anything else I could look for that I might not have noticed before?
Also, I am jealous of some you that are able to get in the woods and play while Im working 6 days a freaking week.


text: A guy I played baseball against back in Babe Ruth League a long time ago was critically injured last week in a scissors lift accident. Another guy was hurt as well. Please pray for both of them. Brian is the one I know, and his spine was severed, he is on a ventilator last I heard and if he lives, I have heard he will be paralyzed from the neck down. He's about 51-52 years old. Please pray for him. I have a friend who's in a wheelchair after being hit by a car when he was in his 20s while on a motorcyle, and he has a great attitude . I know no one wants to be in a wheelchair, but I am sure his family would much rather keep him than give him up. And if he can adjust like my friend did, who is an inspiration to everyone that knows him, he can still enjoy life. Just please ask that God will please heal him. There are lots of prayers going up, but more would be appreciated.


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Harrison Regional Chamber Of Commerce - Working Together To Build A Better Community For You!
Arkansas Hot Air Balloon Festival held in September
Crawdad Days Festival held each year in May
Upcoming Events
Please click on the link to find out more information about the
12th Annual Tour de Hills Road Race and Tour Ride Saturday April 29th, 2017- Harrison AR Presented b
Arkansas Children's Hospital RADIOTHON. Call 870-741-9090 on May 3rd between 6 AM and 6 PM or come by the Durand Center at
Leadercast is held at the Durand Center on Friday May 5th from 7:45 am -4:30 pm. Lunch and snacks will be provided. Ticket
Welcome To Harrison!
Located in the heart of the Ozarks, Harrison, County Seat of Boone County, Arkansas, is a community of approximately 13,000 residents who live, work and play in a city which has the conveniences of an urban setting with the benefits of small town friendliness. Harrison is 35 miles south of Branson, MO and 43 miles east of Eureka Springs, AR. It is nationally recognized as one of the "Best Small Towns in America" with a downtown lake and a beautiful town square complete with hanging flower baskets and old-time whittlers relaxing on the park benches.
"Feel the Impact!"
Join the Chamber Today!
"Feel the Impact!"
Join the Chamber Today!


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Showing 1 - 9 of 9 for "book"
Calvin professors team up to refresh, reimagine teaching in new book
"Teaching and Christian Imagination" (Eerdmans, 2016) is written by David Smith, Susan Felch and a group of Calvin co-authors.
March 21, 2016 | Rachel Watson
English students at home in their department
The English department uses soup suppers, retreats, snowball fights and one book to build community.
November 08, 2012 | Amanda Greenhoe
Heritage Hall re-opens
After eight months of construction, Heritage Hall has come out of the shadows to claim space on the main floor of Hekman Library.
June 14, 2012 | Chelsea Tanis
Schmidt is children's choice
Okay for Now, a novel by English professor Gary Schmidt has won a Children's Choice Book Award.
May 17, 2012 | Myrna Anderson
Researching Ottoman worldviews in Turkey
Doug Howard is writing a history of an early-modern empire that is powerful, prosperous and melancholic.
April 20, 2012 | Myrna Anderson
'Institutes' on display
As part of the H. Henry Meeter Center's 30th anniversary, John Calvin's first edition of the 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' is on display through June 1st. On Loan from The Van Kampen Collection, this rare volume published in 1536 in Basle, Switzerland was Calvin's first major theological work.
March 23, 2012 | Matt Kucinski
History of the King James Bible
"King James was very interested in theological disputes ..." English professor Susan Felch, in an interview with WGVU radio, puts the King James Bible within the context of the events happening in the early 1600's when it was written.
March 31, 2011 | Matt Kucinski
Savory Stories: Books in the Baking
Edible books are on the menu in April at Calvin.
March 14, 2011 | Theo Voss
The Society for the Study of Early Modern Women has honored Calvin English professor Susan Felch with the 2010 Translation or Teaching Edition prize for her book Elizabeth I and Her Age (2009)
August 19, 2010 | Joe Salowitz


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Athletics avoided arbitration with LHP Jerry Blevins by agreeing to a one-year contract.
Shin-Soo Choo went 3-for-5 with a three-run blast and scored three runs in a 14-3 barn-burner of a win over the Twins.
Brandon Drury left Wednesday's game against the Padres with a jammed right knee.
Sean Manaea left Wednesday's start against the Angels with left shoulder tightness.
Tim Beckham went 3-for-5 and drilled two solo home runs but the Rays still lost to the Orioles on Wednesday.
James Paxton notched nine punchouts and shut out the Tigers for seven innings to earn an 8-0 victory on Wednesday.
According to Tommy Stoke of FanRag Sports, Shelby Miller is dealing with a ligament issue in his right elbow and could need Tommy John surgery.
Maikel Franco went 3-for-4 and crushed a grand slam in Wednesday's 7-4 defeat of the Marlins.
Brandon Phillips left Wednesday's game against the Mets with a strained left groin.
Jose Abreu (hip, groin) said he expects to play Friday against the Tigers.
Shelby Miller (elbow) sent his MRI results to Dr. James Andrews.
Cody Bellinger will bat leadoff Wednesday against the Giants.


text: Displaying items by tag: Numberland engineering consultancy for new processes, new materials. New processes: We analyse, optimize and document processes often not covered by quality management handbooks and teach them to run. We translate technical demands into physical effects or properties and then find the suitable material.http://www.metallic-materials.de/index.php/requests/itemlist/tag/2017-04-30T12:54:55+02:00Joomla! - Open Source Content Management


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By NEMS Daily Journal
Because of our high poverty and low educational attainment rates, Mississippi faces greater economic challenges than most states.
We still have the lowest per capita income and lowest per capita economic output of any state, as well as the highest poverty rate.
So when signs of progress are evident, they ought to be celebrated.
Here's some encouraging news: Our state's economy grew 2.4 percent in 2012. Not great, but much better than 2011 and nearly even with the nation's 2.5 percent.
Even more significant, Mississippi was 17th among the 50 states in rate of growth last year. In 2011, by contrast, the state's economy shrank 1.1 percent, making it one of only five states to be in recession that year.
Since we begin by comparing ourselves with neighboring states, it's noteworthy also that Mississippi's growth in 2012 outpaced Alabama, Arkansas and Louisiana – all our adjoining neighbors except Tennessee, which grew 3.3 percent.
"We began to see some pretty significant growth for the first time since the recession," said Darrin Webb, Mississippi's state economist.
In Northeast Mississippi, as reported at the recent State of the Region meeting, the decline of manufacturing jobs in the region – half were lost between 1995-2010 – has begun to abate. Toyota and its suppliers are partly responsible, but there are other positive developments as well.
It's clear that the jobs that will make Mississippi a full-fledged participant in a sustained national economic recovery and economically competitive over the long term are those that require higher-level skills. That's a mantra that can't be repeated often enough.
It also points to the foundation of whatever economic strength Mississippi will have in the future: our educational system and the educational levels of our people.
Progress on the latter is evident. But as Northeast Mississippi and the rest of the state raise the percentage of the adult population with a high school diploma and some college, so does the nation, and we still trail.
As for the education system itself, new rigor, a higher degree of accountability and the coming Common Core curriculum hold out hope that signs of progress will be sustained.
The chief reason Mississippi still lags economically, in spite of progress, is its legacy of undervaluing education until the last few decades. The only way to catch up is to value it as much – or more – than anybody else.


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Watched "Race to Witch Mountain" last night. Not bad, I liked the movie overall, but the good bye scene was cheesy.
They just tried too hard. In the original I could see it, the 2 kids meet the old bitter angry man who had lost his wife. They teach him to open up his heart and care again. This had none of that, but they still expected the same impact, it just didn't work.
Otherwise, it was a fun movie to watch with cool special effects. I expect I will watch the sequel if they make one, certainly they left it open for a sequel.


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- Home /
- Smart Went Crazy
On March 12, 1993 the Meridian Arts Ensemble performed these pieces for Mr. Zappa at his home in Los Angeles. The composer worked with us by critiquing the performance, making corrections in the arrangements, and giving suggestions for future interpretations. As is the case with all modern music performed by the MAE, this composer/performer collaboration has allowed us to function as a direct link between Frank Zappas music and audiences around the world. We feel very fortunate to have worked with him, and to have received his support for our continuing to adapt his work for this ensemble....
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MERIDIAN ARTS ENSEMBLE - Brass quintet
|Zappa, Hendrix, Strayhorn, Nurock
Smart Went Crazy
The Meridian Arts Ensemble has established itself as one of Americas finest chamber ensembles through its innovative repertoire and critically acclaimed performances. Praised by the Los Angeles Times for their near symphonic richness and depth, this brass quintet, which first came to the attention of the music community as First Prize Winner of the 1990 Concert Artists Guild New York Competition, has won special acclaim for its performances of a provocative array of composers, ranging from J. S. Bach to Frank Zappa. The Meridian Arts Ensemble has commissioned numerous works, and has also collaborated with or premiered works by Elliott Carter, Frank Zappa, Kirk Nurock, Ira Taxin, Phillip Johnston, David Sampson and others. Future projects include premieres of commissioned works from Milton Babbitt and jazz composer Tom Pierson, and a work for quintet and drums by Stephen Barber. The Ensembles interest in expanding the horizons of concert repertoire has been further demonstrated through performances of works from such diverse sources as Renaissance vocal settings, Baroque key-board music, Afro/Cuban dance pieces, jazz and rock.
A unique recording has hit the marketplace (...) The Horn Call, May 1994 The playing on the disc is wonderful, the feeling this group provides to the music is superb. (...) This is a disc to be savoured over and over. It is a must. Tubas Journal, September 1994
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A unique recording has hit the marketplace (...) The Horn Call, May 1994 The playing on the disc is wonderful, the feeling this group provides to the music is superb. (...) This is a disc to be savoured over and over. It is a must. Tubas Journal, September 1994
(...) An intriguing musical melange (...) Lynn Watson, November 1994 Als totaal een uiterst prikkelend geheel, dat iedere seconde overtuigd door de enorme technische n, veel belangrijker, spirituele toewijding waarmee de musici te werk gaan. (...) Een ware voltreffer (...) Luister,
March '94 essential collection (...) Sterophile, January '94 One thing's certain: There is nothing standard or even predictable in this program. (...) maybe even Zappa never sounded better (...) CD Review, March '94 There is a higher density of worthwhile composition here than on the average Kronos release. The Wire (England), February 1994 this is a cross over album par excellence (...) Classical CD Guide, September
1994 Na het beluisteren van Smart Went Crazy heb je het gevoel -toe maar!- dat je leven niet meer hetzelfde is. (...) (...) Klassiek, rock, blues, jazz, salza: de benepen hokjesgeest wordt aan het einde van de twintigste eeuw door het Meridian Arts Ensemble de concertzalen uitgeblazen. Concertzender, November 1995
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text: The October issue of BOARDS (reputable UK windsurfing magazine) conducted a test and review of the leading SUP's available on the UK market.Starboard's 12"6 was also put to the test and shone brightly amongst the competitors.Although we encourage you to read the article in full (run to the magazine stand while stocks last!), below are some of the glowing quotes;"The board was clearly one of the fastest on test""The Starboard (12"6) was extremely popular with all testers""... highly rated by all for its maneuverability, speed and ease of use"The full result for the Starboard 12"6 reads as followsStarboard offer two models of paddleboard: the 12'2" (shaped by Mark Raaphorst - top SUP rider), designed for waveriding and the more athletic rider and the 12'6' (by Svein Rasmussen/ Jim Drake) which we had for our test, designed for more stability for both SUP and light wind freestyle.On The Water: The Starboard was the longest board on test, it looks quite narrow with a thin tail and a lot of rocker. Before you even climb onto it, you can see that the tail rocker actually lifts the tail clear from the water! Climbing onto the board, it's noticeably less stable than some of the wider boards here.As soon as you start paddling, stability is not a problem and it glides very well. The board was clearly one of the fastest on test, feeling quite easy to maintain a decent speed over a long distance.Despite its length, it manoeuvres very well and can be pivoted on the tail very easily.The board picks up small waves and swells easily and is easy to steer while riding.Fitting: The deck of the Starboard is covered in decent EVA (not wrapped around the rails).There is a nice guide on the deck that shows you the balance point of the board and hence where to stand. The Starboard also features a well-placed carry handle in the middle of the deck, making it a lot easier to get to the water's edge!The board is supplied with a 23.5cm flex fin, as seen on longboards (surf). It also has FCS inserts for two thrusters fins.There is the option of a centre-fin to give stability to those who are learning and to allow the board to be used as a longboard (windsurf) along with brass inserts for deckplate attachment.Popularity: The Starboard was extremely popular with all testers. It made first place in terms of popularity (it was in the top two for every tester), and was highly rated by all for its manoeuvrability, speed and ease of use.Strengths: Speed, manoeuvrability and versatility in waves and on flat water.Weaknesses: Slightly harder to balance on than some bigger boards.Overall: The Starboard is a great all round SUP for both flat water and small waves. It's easy to use and has something to offer everyone from complete beginner to advanced waverider It has a really nice balance of length for glide and straight line stability and a thin tail with lots of rocker for manoeuvres and waveriding. Add to that well thought-out fittings and the board is hard to beat.