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National Monument
New Mexico
Bandelier National Monument lies within an area of great crustal tension with a long history of volcanism; consequently, its surficial geology is predominantly volcanic extrusives (Figure 8). Sedimentary rocks are found on the east edge of the San Miguel Mountains and in the bottom of Capulin Canyon. Quaternary gravels (alluvium) occur in lower reaches of the canyons and along the Rio Grande River. East of the Rio Grande are a group of cinder cone vents forming the Cerros del Rio (Figure 5). These cones erupted 3 million years ago filling ancient valleys with basalt.
The Jemez Mountains are the remnants of a large, collapsed volcano that underwent massive eruptions 1.4 and 1.1 million years ago. The 6-mile wide Valles Grande (central crater) was formed by an explosion believed to have been 600 times as powerful as the Mt. Saint Helens eruption (Barry, 1990). Lava and ash from these eruptions covered the older basalt to a depth of 1,000 feet in some places and formed the Pajarito Plateau. The Rio Grande has cut through the tuff and into underlying units to form White Rock Canyon.
Ash fall, pumice, and rhyolite tuff comprise the Pajarito Plateau and its cliff forming units, and together are referred to as the Bandelier Tuff. Most of the Monument's elongated mesas are comprised of this tuff which is over 1000 ft thick in the western part of the Plateau and thins to about 260 feet eastward near the Rio Grande. To the west, the tuffs overlap onto the Tschicoma Formation, which consist of older volcanics that form the Jemez Mountains (Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1995).
In most areas, the Bandelier tuff is underlain by the Puye Formation. The Puye is primarily a large Pliocene alluvial fan complex derived from the erosion of the Tshicoma highlands in the geologic past (Reneau and McDonald, 1996). In the eastern portion of the Pajarito Plateau, near White Rock Canyon, basalt flows from the Cerros del Rio outcrop and underlie the Bandehier Tuff. In lower Frijoles Creek, channel incision is impeded by the Cerros del Rio basalts such that the middle and upper Frijoles are not directly influenced by changes in Rio Grande base level (Reneau et. al., 1996a). Sedimentary rocks are exposed in the lower elevations of White Rock Canyon and in the canyon floors of the western Monument, and include sandstones and siltstones of the Miocene Santa Fe Group (Cannon, 1997).
The only aquifer capable of producing large-scale municipal water is referred to as the regional, or main aquifer, the surface of which rises westward from the Rio Grande within the Santa Fe Group and into the lower portion of the Puye Formation (Figure 7). The presence of numerous basalt flows interbedded in the Santa Fe Group may account for confining conditions noted in portions of this aquifer. Near the top of the Santa Fe Group and underlying the center of the Pajarito Plateau appears to be a late Miocene trough 3 to 4 miles wide and extending 7 to 8 miles from the northeast to the southwest. It is filled with up to 1500 feet of gravels, cobbles, and boulders and produces the area's only high-yield, low-drawdown water supply wells (Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1998b).
Alpine glaciers did not form in the Jemez Mountains (Allen, 1989a). Rather, streams draining from topographic highs dissected the relatively soft tuff and formed the narrow canyons and valleys of the Monument. Flowing water cut up to 1,000 feet in the tuff, and in places, up to 200 feet into the underlying basalt and sedimentary strata (Barry, 1990).
Major faults along the western boundary of the Monument resulted from crustal adjustments associated with the Rio Grande rift (Purtymun and Adams, 1980). The series of normal faults shown in Figures 7 and 8 are part of the Pajarito fault system, a system of over 65 miles of mapped faults. This concentrated fault zone is 0.25 miles wide and has over 410 feet of displacement, with the down-dropped wall to the east (Los Alamos National Laboratory, l998b). Seismic hazard studies indicate the Pajarito fault system could produce maximum earthquakes with a Richter magnitude of about seven. Although large uncertainties are inherent to such studies, Richter magnitude earthquakes greater than or equal to six were estimated to occur once every 4,000 years along the Pajarito fault zone. Other work indicates additional faulting underlying and pre-dating the Bandelier Tuff (U. S. Department of Energy, 1998).
Bandelier lies on the southeast flank of the Valles Caldera, the central feature of the Jemez Mountains (Figure 5). The Jemez Mountains are a complex volcanic pile at the intersection of two regional geologic features: the eastern rim of the Colorado Plateau to the west, and the Rio Grande rift to the east (Christensen, 1980). The Sierra de los Valles are the mountains encircling the caldera's rim. Streams draining the caldera form a radial drainage pattern (Figure 6). Drainage patterns at the scale of the Monument include: dendritic drainage pattern in headwaters; parallel drainage pattern across the Pajarito Plateau; and trellis drainage pattern within individual canyons (White and Wells, 1984).
The east flank of the Sierra de los Valles breaks to the gentler slope of the Pajarito Plateau, on which lies the majority of Bandelier (Figure 7). The Plateau is composed of gently sloping volcanic ash and lava flows and is terminated on the east by the deep canyon of the Rio Grande. The Pajarito Plateau has been dissected (in some places completely) by deep canyons. Between the canyons are elongated mesas, the surfaces of which share a common elevation and slope, and are remnants of the once continuous lava-flow. While the Bandelier country looks rugged and broken, most points have moderate slopes of less than 20 percent, with extremely steep slopes found on the near-vertical canyon and valley walls (Allen, l989a). The San Miguel Mountains are an additional area of steep terrain (Figure 2) formed by an uplifted fault block of volcanic and sedimentary rocks lying southeast of the Valles Caldera.
Soils and Erosion
Several distinct soils have developed as a result of interactions between bedrock, topography, and localized climatic conditions. Soil orders found at Bandelier include Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, Mollisols, and Aridisols (Allen, 1989a). General soil surveys have been conducted by Earth Environmental Consultants (1978) for Bandelier, and specific soil surveys have been completed at a watershed erosion monitoring site located on the mesa south of the headquarters (Davenport, 1997). Detailed soil mapping has been completed for Los Alamos County, the adjoining Santa Fe National Forest, and Los Alamos National Laboratory (see references in Mathien et. al., 1993; and Allen, 1989a), but not for Bandelier National Monument.
The two most important properties of soils at the watershed scale are their infiltration rate and erodability. Soils in the area generally have a moderate to high infiltration rate due to the widespread occurrence of pumaceous and other highly porous parent material. Kearl et al. (1986) determined that pumaceous and other highly porous units within the tuffs of the Pajarito Plateau "act like a sponge", and require a quantity of water equal to approximately 1/4 of the rock volume to satisfy capillary forces and permit movement of water. Erosion hazard ranges from moderate to severe depending on soil characteristics, slope, effective ground cover, and overstory vegetation conditions (Cassidy et al., 1996). When soil infiltration thresholds are exceeded, sheet and nh runoff can cause widespread soil erosion augmented by the intensity of the area's thunderstorms and the low specific gravity of pumice (i.e. pumice floats).
Soil loss at Bandehier has been estimated at nearly one inch per decade; an unsustainable rate given soil depth in piñon-juniper woodlands is only one to three feet to bedrock (National Park Service, l995b). Piñon-juniper woodlands cover 40 percent of the Monument and their high erosion rates are apparently due to their degraded state (Allen, 1989a). At least 80 percent of Bandelier's archeological sites within the pinyon-juniper zone are being damaged by accelerated erosion (National Park Service, 1995a).
Re-establishment of herbaceous ground cover in degraded piñon-juniper woodland areas is extremely difficult due to soil movement, soil loss, unreliable precipitation and an inadequate seed source. Major factors limiting restoration include: 1) restrictions on methodology as imposed by cultural, natural and wilderness values; 2) poor site conditions characterized by sparse vegetative cover, organic and nutrient poor soils prone to frost heave and high rates of erosion, depleted soil seed bank and limited seed source; 3) unreliable growing season precipitation or protective winter snow pack; and, 4) heavy utilization of existing herbaceous vegetation by wildlife ranging from ants to elk (National Park Service, 1995a).
Current and abandoned roads and trails can be focal points for accelerated erosion throughout the watersheds. The infiltration capacity of road and trail surfaces is low, and little precipitation is required to generate runoff. This runoff is often channeled down the surface of the road or trail, or within road ditches, at erosive velocities. Recent studies reviewed by Castro and Reckendorf (1995) reveal the density and extent of a basin's drainage are increased because the roads and trails act as ephemeral tributaries, creating a more efficient sediment delivery system.
Surface Water
The entire Monument drains to the Rio Grande and Cochiti Reservoir (Figure 1). The Rio Grande is the master stream in north central New Mexico and south central Colorado, with a drainage area above Otowi of 14,245 mi2. The discharge at Otowi for 94-years of record (1902-1996) ranged from 60 cfs in 1902 to 24,400 cfs in 1920, with the average flow being 1,530 cfs (U.S. Geological Survey, 1998). As mentioned previously, the eastern boundary of the Monument is defined as the westbank of the Rio Grande; therefore, a detailed discussion of the hydrology of the Rio Grande is immaterial. Alteration of natural flows within the Rio Grande do affect Bandelier's ripanan areas, flood plains, and wildlife, and are discussed in later sections.
Five principal canyons dissect Bandehier' s portion of the Pajarito Plateau in a northwest to southeast alignment (Figure 9). These canyons support various lengths of base flow (Table 2) which originate from springs and seeps along the mountain/plateau interface (Table 3). The two most prominent streams, Capulin and Frijoles, have average base flows of approximately 0.5 and 1.0 cfs, respectively. Only Rito de los Frijoles (translation = Little River of the Beans - referred to in the text as Frijoles Creek) maintains perennial flow to the Rio Grande. In addition to the major canyons, six discrete areas on the western wall of White Rock Canyon drain mesa tops and side slopes directly to the Rio Grande (Stephens, 1982).
Christensen (1980) stated the springs and seeps which supply base flow to Monument streams are recharged from perched water in the Tschirege member of the Bandelier Tuff, or within the underlying Tschicoma formation. These perched bodies are found in fractured or jointed rock, or in a pumice bed at the base of the Tschirege. Recharge is thought to occur on the southeast flank of the Sierra de los Vales. Christensen determined perennial flow in stream channels is maintained when the infiltration rate of water into canyon alluvium does not exceed the amount of water supplied by springs and seeps. Evapotranspiration and loss to underlying formations mainly control stream channel infiltration rates.
Purtymun and Adams (1980) noted that stream flow increased in Fnjoles Canyon from the springs to the crossing of the Pajarito fault line (upper crossing of trail). They attributed this increased flow to return flow from thinning alluvium, seepage from colluvium at the base of the canyon walls, and movement of water through brecciated zones associated with the faults. Surface flow decreased from the fault line to the confluence with the Rio Grande. They also reported intermittent reaches of Frijoles Creek during some summers.
Ground Water
Ground water beneath the Pajarito Plateau occurs in three zones: the shallow alluvium of canyons; perched on relatively impermeable strata; and in the main aquifer (Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1995). The main, or regional, aquifer is the only viable water source on the Pajarito Plateau (Rogers et. al., 1996b). Almost everything that is known about the area's ground water comes from investigations conducted by or for Los Alamos National Laboratory. Despite the millions of dollars and years of effort spent on sampling, modeling, and quantifying subsurface waters, these systems remain a conundrum.
Fluvial Geomorphology
The following discussion focuses on the physical condition of Bandelier's streams. Maintenance of natural physical processes is perhaps the most fundamental component of ecosystem management. The community of organisms inhabiting a stream reach has developed over thousands of years, and changes in physical habitat condition and/or distribution will alter these communities, often over large temporal and spatial scales.
Even a casual observer can perceive the annihilation of habitat (i.e. poois, riffles, and runs) within Capulin Creek most obvious physical alteration is entrenchment which results in the stream channel being down-cut and widened so that subsequent flood flows are confined to a vertically walled trench and no longer spread out upon adjacent flood plains. The process of regaining a stable channel type is impeded by the inability of post-fire bank-full discharges to redistribute the available bedload and form a stable channel cross-section and new flood plain. Close scrutiny of geomorphic parameters in Frijoles reveals physical habitat alterations still exist in some of its reaches 20 years after the La Mesa Fire.
Figure 23 shows the response of a portion of the Capulin channel to Dome Fire induced flooding. Incision in the reach adjacent to Capulin Base Camp was as great as 4.7 feet. Maximum incision observed by the author further upstream was estimated to exceed 8 feet (Photo 1 and 2). In other reaches, cobbles and boulders excavated by the floods were re-deposited, burying the preexisting channel. A striking example of channel response to post-fire flows is shown in Figure 24 and Photo 3. The gauge and flume labeled in Figure 24 can be seen near the center of Photo 3. The flume and gauge were installed in 1985 and passed all flow (except one event in 1988 which overtopped the concrete flume but was less than the elevation of the chart recorder) and sediment until 1996. According to Veenhuis (1998) "During the initial inspection on June 13, 1996, this flume was to be re-instrumented to monitor post-fire runoff, but on June 26, 1996 when the first and largest post-fire flood occurred (2,700 cfs), the flume was inundated with large boulders and debris. Thereafter the stream cut a channel on the right side of the flume wall and began down cutting and widening the channel to accommodate the larger flows." The new channel cross-section is also plotted in Figure 24 and can be seen to the right of the old flume in Photo 3.
Another significant aspect of the incision was the removal of the cobble and boulder armor from the streambed and exposure and incision into the underlying friable sandstone. This easily erodible bedrock is visible in Photo 2 as the white strata rising about 6 feet above the level of the stream. Incision into this unit might be providing a modem analog for processes leading to formation of terraces observed in many Pajarito Plateau Canyons (Reneau et a!., 1996b). Because the intensities of both the Dome and La Mesa fires are believed to be unprecedented in the several-hundred-year long fire record on the Pajarito Plateau, it is possible that the resultant fluvial geomorphic effects are also unprecedented. While historic records show little in the way of large-magnitude floods outside of post-fire years, field evidence indicates catastrophic flooding has taken place in pre-historic times (Reneau et al., 1996b).
Stratigraphic relations and radiocarbon dating indicate that mid- to late-Holocene (within the last 5,000 years) sediments in many canyons recorded repeated episodes of alternating channel aggradation or stability and channel incision, with incision being dominant at an average rate of 4 mm/year (Reneau et a!., 1996a). It is notable that there is abundant evidence for significantly larger floods on the floor of Capulin Canyon, including extensive boulder deposits commonly containing boulders much larger than those transported by recent floods (2,700 cfs). Their presence indicates the potential for significantly larger floods (Reneau, 1996). Depending on the interpretation of the base level of the channel bottom at the time of pre-historic flooding, flow reconstruction estimated a flood magnitude between 9,000 and 10,500 cfs. The cause of these earlier flood peaks is unknown (Veenhuis, 1998).
McCord (1996) examined flood-scars on trees and radiocarbon dates from sediments to reconstruct a record of past flood events on Frijoles Creek. The scar dates ranged in age from 1773 to 1985, with most of the scar dates falling in 1977 and 1978. McCord determined there have been at least four floods comparable to the 1978 flood (greater than 3,000 cfs) in the last two centuries, and at least seven floods as large as the flood of 1977 (653 cfs) during that time. Other than the 1977 scar, only the 1773 flood scar matches a major fire year in the local fire scar record. This suggests one of two possibilities: that fire intensity, rather than fire extensiveness, is the major factor leading to post-fire flooding; or, the occurrence of floods in Frijoles Canyon can be independent of fire (McCord, 1996).
Other potential sources of damaging floods are rain on snow or other anomalous precipitation events; landslides; and, debris flows. Cannon et at., (1998) determined debris-flow and landslide susceptibility in Capulin Canyon was low, but the potential for debris-flow was observed in two tributary canyons. Another potential scenario that could result in catastrophic flooding is an outwash event. As an example, the slope above Capulin Creek shown in Photo 2 has been destabilized by channel incision, and could become further destabilized as the friable sandstone is laterally eroded from the toe of this slope. If slumping occurred during a high-water event, the water could be dammed behind the slump and released as an outbreak event when the slump was overtopped, undermined, or circumvented. According to Allen (1989a), landslides in the Jemez
Mountains occur mainly on steep slopes within canyons. In the Frijoles watershed, a landslide occurred below the lower falls in 1942, destroying about 150 yards of trail. At least three other notable rock-slides/landslides have occurred in the Frijoles watershed since that time (Allen, 1 989a).
Source National Park Service, Water Resources Division
Allen, C.D., 1989a, Changes in the Landscape of the Jemez Mountains , New Mexico , Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California , 346 pp.
Barry. P., 1990, Bandelier National Monument : Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Tucson , Arizona , 48 pp.
Cannon, S.H., 1997, Evaluation of the Potential for Debris and Hyperconcentrated Flows in Capulin Canyon as a Result of the 1996 Dome Fire, Bandelier National Monument , New Mexico : U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-136, Denver , Colorado , 20 pp.
Cassidy, R., DeGray, M., McWilliams, S., Reidy, M., Sanchez, J., Skinner, R., and Trujillo , 1996, Dome Fire Assessment, Santa Fe National Forest , Jemez Ranger District: Report on File with Jemez Ranger District, Los Alamos , New Mexico .
Castro, J., and Reckendorf, F., 1995, Effects of Sediment on the Aquatic Environment: Natural Resources Conservation Service, Working Paper No. S, Oregon State University , Department of Geosciences, Eugene , Oregon , 43 pp.
Christensen, P.K., 1980, Base Flow Sources in the Upper Reaches of Rito Dc Los Frijoles, Bandelier National Monument, Southwest Region, National Park Service, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 17 pp.
Davenport , D.W., 1997, Soil survey of three watersheds on South Mesa : Unpublished report, on file at Bandelier National Monument , Los Alamos , New Mexico.
Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1995, Environmental Surveillance at Los Alamos during 1993: Report No. LA-12973-ENV, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos , New Mexico .
Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1998b, Hydrogeologic Workplan, Los Alamos National Laboratory: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos , New Mexico , multiple sections, appendices, and maps.
McCord, V.A.S., 1996, Flood History Reconstruction in Frijoles Canyon Using Flood-Scarred Trees: : in Allen, C.D., Technical Editor, Fire Effects in Southwestern Forests, Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire Symposium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-286, p. 179 -195.
National Park Service, 1995a, Resource Management Plan: Bandelier National Monument , Los Alamos , New Mexico , 371 pp. + App.
National Park Service, 1995b, NBS NRPP Proposal, Watershed Restoration in Degraded PinyonJuniper Woodlands: Bandelier National Monument, Mitigation Proposal updated in Resource Management Plan, 18 pp.
Purtymun, W.D., and Adams, H., 1980, Geohydrology of Bandelier National Monument , New Mexico : Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Informal Report LA-8461-MS, Los Alamos , New Mexico , 25 pp.
Reneau, S.L., and McDonald, E.V., 1996, Introductory Section: in Reneau, S.L., and McDonald, E.V. editors, Landscape History and Processes on the Pajarito Plateau, Northern New Mexico, Los Alamos National Laboratory Document No. LA-UR-96-3035, Los Alamos , New Mexico , p. 3.
Reneau, S., McDonald, E., Gardner, J., Phillips, B., Broxton, D., Allen, C., and Kelsom, K., 1996a, Day 2, Ponderosa Campground to Rendija Canyon: in Landscape History and Processes on the Pajarito Plateau, Northern New Mexico, Reneau, S.L., and McDonald, E.V. editors, Los Alamos National Laboratory Document No. LA-UR-96-3035, Los Alamos , New Mexico , p. 77 -143.
Rogers, D.B., Stoker, A.K., Mclin, S.G., and Galiaher, B.M., 1996b, Recharge to the Pajarito Plateau Regional Aquifer System: in The Jemez Mountains Region, Goff, F., Kues, B.S., Rogers, M.A., McFadden, Les D., and Gardner, J.N., New Mexico Geological Society Forty-Seventh Annual Field Conference, September 25 -28, 1996, p. 74- 77.
Stephens, K., 1982, Water Resources Management Plan, Bandelier National Monument : Bandelier National Monument , Report on File, Los Alamos , New Mexico .
Survey, 1998, <https://water.usgs.gov/>.
U.S. Department of Energy, 1998, Draft Site-Wide Environmental Impact Statement on the , Continued Operation of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos , New Mexico : U. S. Department of Energy, Albuquerque Operations Office, Albuquerque , New Mexico.
Veenhuis, J., 1998, An Analysis of Flood Hazards for 1998 in Capulin Canyon after the Dome Fire, 1996, and Summary of the Second Year of Data Collection: U. S. Geological Survey, Provisional Report to Bandelier National Monument, on file at Monument Headquarters, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
White, W.D., and Wells, S.G., 1984, Geomorphic Effects of La Mesa Fire: in La Mesa Fire Symposium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, October 6 and 7, 1981, compiled by Teralene S. Foxx, pp. 73 -90. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-9236-NERP. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos , New Mexico
Park Geology
Beautiful canyon country containing many cliff and open pueblo ruins of late prehistoric period
Several groups settled on the canyon-slashed slopes of the Pajarito Plateau, in a striking setting characterized by tan cliffs, forested mesas, and deep gorges. The story of these people - their adaptation to their environment and their relationships with other groups - is gradually being brought to light through continuing research by archaeologists, adding to our knowledge of prehistoric Southwestern cultures.
The Pajarito Plateau is of interest geologically as well as archaeologically. It is constituted largely of tuff (consolidated volcanic ash) and basaltic lava ejected thousands of years ago by a great volcano. The caldera (saucer-shaped depression) created by the collapsed summit of the volcano is among the world's largest calderas; its rim forms the Jemez Mountains. Through this highland, running water has cut many steep-walled canyons down to the Rio Grande.
The Geologic Story
Bandelier National Monument is located in north-central New Mexico on the eastern side of the geologically young Jemez (HAY--mez) Mountains. Situated on the gently sloping Pajarito (Pah-hah- REE-toe "little bird") Plateau, Bandelier is bordered on the south by the Rio Grande and to the west by the San Miguel Mountains.
The monument's current serenity hides its turbulent past. In order to understand the forces that created the current landscape, let's go back in time and look below the surface.
Beginning about 30 million years ago, tension caused by movement in the earth's mantle created a huge valley, an immense tear that runs across New Mexico from Colorado to northern Mexico. Now known as the Rio Grande Rift, this pulling apart of the earth's crust resulted from separation along two parallel fault zones.
The area near Bandelier is also crossed by the Jemez Lineament. The lineament is a line of young volcanos that represent a weakness in the earth's crust running from east-central Arizona to northeastern New Mexico. These volcanos include Mt. Taylor, the Jemez Mountains, and Capulin Volcano.
Bandelier is bordered on the west by St. Peter's Dome and Boundary Peak. These peaks, part of the San Miguel Mountains, are the eroded remains of a group of 8 to 13 million year-old volcanoes. These mountains were slowly built by numerous eruptions along the Jemez Lineament.
Across White Rock Canyon, the monument's southern boundary, lies the exposed portion of the Cerros Del Rio (SER-os del REE--oh "Mountains of the River") Volcanic Field. Active one to three million years ago, this volcanic field features cinder cones, basaltic lava flows, and maar cones. Maar cones form when rising magma encounters water. The resulting steam produces violent eruptions which blow out rock fragments that settle into thin layers. This creates a cone characterized by having many thin layers, a low rim, and a large diameter.
One maar cone that formed during these eruptions is visible along the Falls Trail approximately 1.5 miles from monument headquarters. Inside the monum-ent, most of the Cerros Dei Rio volcanics are covered by subse-quent eruptions originating in the Jemez Mountains to the west.
The Jemez Mountains are located at the junction of the western boundary of the Rio Grande Rift and the Jemez Lineament. The Jemez Mountains are best known for two major volcanic eruptions, the first of which occurred more than 1.4 million years ago, and the second, a little over one million years ago. Together these eruptions were 600 times more powerful than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Over 100 cubic miles of material was spewed out, covering over 1500 square miles with volcanic ash that was up to 1,000 feet deep in some areas.
Hot ash from these eruptions settled and through a process of welding, it consolidated to form tuff, the pinkish-orange rock now visible in Frijoles (free-HOH-leez "Beans") Canyon. These welded layers of ash may have taken up to 10 years to cool. The upper and lower surfaces of a flow cool much more quickly than the center. As a result, the center of a sheet is the most densely welded, while the top and bottom are usually non-welded. Welding also decreases away from the vent due to heat loss. Frijoles Canyon is 10 miles from the vent, too far for the tuff to be densely welded.
The hot ash that flowed down the mountain's side filled in existing canyons, creating a series of gently sloping plateaus around the volcano. Some streams continued to follow their old courses and have re-cut their ancient channels. Some canyons were not re-cut, and one of these can be seen on the Falls Trail.
Across the Pajarito Plateau, the soft top of the tuff sheet was quickly removed by erosion. Streams cut into the tuff, producing the characteristic mesa and canyon topography of the area. Under-cutting of the softer tuff gives the canyons their steep walls. Variations in welding led to the stepped appearance of the cliff walls; each step marks the top of a resistant layer. Vertical columns in these layers are due to contraction and cracking of the cooling tuff. The "Swiss cheese" appearance of canyon walls is due to weathering-out of loosely consolidated pockets of tuff and pumice. These pockets are more frequent at the bottom of flows and between ash flow layers.
Cone shaped rocks, know as "tent rocks," occur in great numbers throughout this area. These eroded remnants of tuff cliffs show the position of canyon walls at a previous time. There are several possible reasons why they form. Some may have been near an Escape route of hot gases, where the additional heat welded the ash more tightly. Some still bear a capstone of harder material, which has slowed their erosion. Others may be protected from erosion by resistant rind created by minerals deposited by ground water.
With a past this violent, the natural question is "will it happen again?" The presence of hot springs and hot dry rock in the area tell us magma chambers are still active. The Rio Grande Rift continues to widen. This evidence suggests the answer is "YES!"
The General park map handed out at the visitor center is available on the park's map webpage.For information about topographic maps, geologic maps, and geologic data sets, please see the geologic maps page.
A geology photo album has not been prepared for this park.For information on other photo collections featuring National Park geology, please see the Image Sources page.
Currently, we do not have a listing for a park-specific geoscience book. The park's geology may be described in regional or state geology texts.
Please visit the Geology Books and Media webpage for additional sources such as text books, theme books, CD ROMs, and technical reports.
Parks and Plates: The Geology of Our National Parks, Monuments & Seashores.
Lillie, Robert J., 2005.
W.W. Norton and Company.
9" x 10.75", paperback, 550 pages, full color throughout
The spectacular geology in our national parks provides the answers to many questions about the Earth. The answers can be appreciated through plate tectonics, an exciting way to understand the ongoing natural processes that sculpt our landscape. Parks and Plates is a visual and scientific voyage of discovery!
Ordering from your National Park Cooperative Associations' bookstores helps to support programs in the parks. Please visit the bookstore locator for park books and much more.
For information about permits that are required for conducting geologic research activities in National Parks, see the Permits Information page.
The NPS maintains a searchable data base of research needs that have been identified by parks.
A bibliography of geologic references is being prepared for each park through the Geologic Resources Evaluation Program (GRE). Please see the GRE website for more information and contacts.
NPS Geology and Soils PartnersAssociation of American State Geologists
Geological Society of America
Natural Resource Conservation Service - Soils
U.S. Geological Survey
Currently, we do not have a listing for any park-specific geology education programs or activities.
General information about the park's education and intrepretive programs is available on the park's education webpage.For resources and information on teaching geology using National Park examples, see the Students & Teachers pages.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Lines, Loops and Leaders Line / Leader Recipes, Loops, Splices, etc.
|Topic Review (Newest First)
Thanks NrthFrk16, I can allways count on the good people of this forum to help.
I stand in awe of it's wealth of knowledge.
It is all so variable as 9' is standard with a dryline but when it comes to fishing sinktip's it all depends on what length and speed tip you are fishing and what the depth and water speed is and even where the fishing are holding.
I generally fish 4-5' leaders when fishing tips. By changing your leader length you can vary the depth at which your fly fishes.
If you fish long leaders on a deeply sunk tip and are fishing bouyant flies you will be fishing higher up in the water column then fishing that same fly on that same tip with a shorter leader.
Now if you shorten up the leader and fish that same tip and that same fly you will be fishing much deeper because that fly on the short leader will be carried down much faster andnot float up from the tip.
Now if you are fishing a heavily weighted fly, you can fish a ligher tip if you keep your leader longer. The fly will sink very fast and stay down.
Just keep in my mind that the standard heavily dressed marabous do not sink well at all as do not some GP's and hairwings dressed in a certain manner.
Hope that helps!!
Leader length.
What is a goog leader length for steelhead and salmon on my 9-weight rod?
The water is clear and about knee deep to me, (I'm 5'8")
I was thinking about nine foot with a 15 pound tippit.
Does that sound about right?
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Maria Kuehn
MADISON – Maria Kuehn, age 87, passed away Monday, April 1, 2013 at Agrace Hospice. Maria was born on January 13, 1926 in Mitrovica, Serbia. She immigrated from Germany to Chicago, IL in 1963 and lived there until 1992 when she moved to Madison, WI. Maria was a nurse in WWII, where she met her husband, Gerhard while caring for him after being wounded in combat. She loved gardening, cooking, being a grandmother "Oma" and great-grandmother.
Maria is survived by grandchildren, Justin (Amy) Kuehn and Joseph (Kathryn) Kuehn; great- grandson, Jacen Kuehn; sister, Nada Syrnyk; niece, Irene Syrnyk. Preceded in death by her husband, Gerhard and son, Jerry.
A special thanks to all of Maria's friends and neighbors who have helped her and the family over the last few years. To view and sign this guestbook, please visit: www.ryanfuneralservice.com


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Finally got some time to go out and take a few shots recently. After changing my sight picture to a figure 8 i was able to get 140 hits inside about a 9 inch circle from 30 yards. It is still shooting slightly to the right but it made a huge difference.
Even with a better shot placement, the alignment doesn't feel natural to me, and the steel middle sight can be difficult to see in some lighting. I will most likely look into an aftermarket sight later on and get ready for next spring.
Thank you guys for all your help.


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Unbelievable: NYT recycles nutroots charge that McCain's Britney ad is racist
posted at 6:24 pm on July 31, 2008 by Allahpundit
From Josh Marshall's lips to the editorial board's ear. New rule: If you're conservative, juxtaposing images of Barack Obama and white women regardless of context is racist per se. As, of course, is juxtaposing images of Obama and black men or women, lest you be accused of emphasizing his race by association.
Juxtaposing images of him with white men? Iffy. Might suggest he's gay. They'll get back to you.
The ad gave us an uneasy feeling that the McCain campaign was starting up the same sort of racially tinged attack on Mr. Obama that Republican operatives, some of whom work for Mr. McCain now, ran against Harold Ford, a black candidate for Senate in Tennessee in 2006. That assault, too, began with videos juxtaposing Mr. Ford with young, white women…
[Team McCain's] retort [to Obama's "dollar bill" comment] was, we must say, not only contemptible, but shrewd. It puts the sin for the racial attack not on those who made it, but on the victim of the attack.
It also — and we wish this were coincidence, but we doubt it — conjurs [sic] up another loaded racial image.
The phrase dealing the race card "from the bottom of the deck" entered the national lexicon during the O.J. Simpson saga. Robert Shapiro, one of Mr. Simpson's lawyers, famously declared of himself, Johnny Cochran and the rest of the Simpson defense team, "Not only did we play the race card, we dealt it from the bottom of the deck."
Answer honestly: How many of you knew the pedigree of the "bottom of the deck" line? I swear that I didn't, and doubtless well over 99% of the public doesn't either. But as we were reminded this morning, that doesn't matter: Whether Davis intended to allude to O.J. and whether his audience was capable of grasping the allusion even if it was intended are now wholly beside the point. What matters is what McCain's enemies see, and if they see racism, racism is plausibly there. Objective meaning is theirs, exclusively, to determine.
Speaking of which, your exit question: What's funniest? This ante-upper, Godwin-ing past simple accusations of racism to charge McCain with comparing Obama to Hitler? Ross Douthat's drily witty reply? Or the comments to Douthat's post, willfully misreading his point that any superficial similarities between Obama's speech and a Nuremberg rally are the fault of the campaign in order to accuse him of comparing Obama to Hitler?
Update: For a guy who showed an admirable amount of nerve yesterday swatting down Obama's charge of racism, Tapper's kid-gloves treatment of the repulsive Times piece is exceedingly weak.
Related Posts:
Breaking on Hot Air
Live thread: Trump's rally in Pennsylvania and the White House Correspondents Dinner
Director Joss Whedon steps away from Twitter after mocking teen cancer survivors
- The Blog @ Spolitics » NY Times Editorial Board Slanders McCain Camp
- Narcissistic views on News/Politics
- Post-racial candidate plays the race card again « Internet Scofflaw
- Hot Air » Blog Archive » Obama to McCain: "You're running ads with Hillary and er – with Britney and ah Paris in it"
- Chutzpah Takes On New Meaning | Comments from Left Field
- OJ Simpson News Online » Blog Archive » Obama's "dollar bill" response to McCain - Dallas Morning Views Blog
- Hot Air » Blog Archive » Bob Herbert: Why is everyone missing the phallic symbols in McCain's Britney ad?
- Hot Air » Blog Archive » Video: Tennessee GOP links Obama to Kilpatrick
- Hot Air » Blog Archive » Video: New golden age of race relations dawns as Obama mocked for elitism
- Hot Air » Blog Archive » Shameless hypocrite on Lipstickgate: "Enough is enough"
- Hot Air » Blog Archive » Video: The obligatory "RNC takes cheap shot at Pelosi" clip


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Gerard Beale, Josh Hoffman and Jeremy Smith have been added to the Kiwis train-on squad after their sides were knocked out of the NRL playoffs last weekend.
The trio join the 11 players already named - Roosters centre Shaun Kenny-Dowall has had to withdraw because he needs surgery on an adductor tendon - to prepare for the test against Australia in Townsville on October 13.
Beale and Hoffman were part of the Kiwis team who took on Australia in April's Anzac day test and Smith has accumulated 23 tests in his international career.
Brisbane utility Alex Glenn was unavailable because of impending knee surgery.
The selectors of Richie Barnett, Tony Iro, Stephen Kearney and Tawera Nikau will add to the squad as teams are eliminated from the NRL finals.
Kiwis train-on squad: Gerard Beale, Josh Hoffman (both Brisbane), Jeremy Smith (Cronulla), Sam McKendry (Penrith), Jared Waerea-Hargreaves (Roosters), Ben Henry, Shaun Johnson, Simon Mannering, Alehana Mara, Ben Matulino, Elijah Taylor, Manu Vatuvei (all Warriors), Adam Blair, Benji Marshall (both Wests Tigers).
Unavailable: Alex Glenn (knee), Nathan Fien (retired), Jason Nightingale (knee), Shaun Kenny-Dowall (thigh), Kevin Locke (ankle).


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By Tiernan Ray
Speech recognition technology provider Nuance Communications (NUAN) this afternoon reported fiscal Q1 revenue and earnings that exceeded analysts' estimates.
The company raised its Q1 outlook to a level nevertheless below consensus, and raised its year EPS view above consensus.
Revenue in the three months ended in December rose to $490 million, yielding EPS of 24 cents.
Analysts, on average, had been modeling $486 million and 22 cents.
In a separate document containing prepared remarks for the conference call, the company projected Q2 revenue in a range of $476 million to $490 million, on a non-GAAP basis, and EPS of 21 cents to 25 cents, versus a prior forecast of $477 million to $487 million, 18 cents to 21 cents. That is below the consensus for $500.7 million and 25 cents per share.
For the full year ending in September, the company raised its EPS view to a range of $1.07 to $1.17 from a prior range of $1.05 to $1.15. That compares a consensus for $1.11. The company reaffirmed a revenue view for $2.03 billion to $2.09 billion. That is in line with the average $2.06 billion estimate on the Street.
Nuance shares are down 41 cents, or 2.6%, at $15.35.


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WOW! Carey Phillips and SMOKE with first in the Qual and to show that placement was not a fluke -- 2nd in the AMAT. Looks like Carey and Smoke are not only hot but smoking.
WOW! Carey Phillips and SMOKE with first in the Qual and to show that placement was not a fluke -- 2nd in the AMAT. Looks like Carey and Smoke are not only hot but smoking.
SouthFork Fly
Paula it was the best field trial I have ever participated in. As a judge the organization and help were fantastic. The Mosha's especially Marion Mosha were nothing less than great. The Judges dinner at their home was nothing less than unbelievable (steamers, lobsters, salad with apple, apple pie and it goes on. As a competitor it went so smooth the judges at least in the amateur let the competitors knock themselves out. No penciling out. Don't get the bird out. And it was a fair but very challenging test. But you know me all blinds are a religious experience with Larry. And then Saturday once again the Mosha's had a tailgate party at their home. Steamers, ribs and it goes on. This field trial was like a weekend party. I thank the Moshas and the Maine Retriever Club for allowing me to experience what a field trial should be. I wish everyone could experience the pure pleasure of this trial. Thank you
I would like to thank the Maine Retriever Club for asking me to judge the Qual and for putting on a field trial that was of the highest quality. Also, Marion Mosha you are a treasure to the field trial community. You make everyone feel like family.
Last edited by moscowitz; 09-22-2013 at 05:52 PM.
Gentle in what you do. Firm in how you do it.
WESTWIND WHISPERING COVE (LARRY son of Murray) WDQ MH, QAA2
LPK DELAWARE RIVER WHISPERING COVE, WDQ, QAA(SAVAGE SAM son of FC Chester MH)
WESTWIND WHISPERING COVE JAY ** ( Larry's son and Murray's grandson)
__________________________________________________ _____________
Brownstone's Harley- "Harley" 7/29/2009 (By CH Woodhull's Roger That)
Maple Hill's Ella Enchanted QAA- "Ella" 8/30/2011 (FC AFC Land Ahoy x Stella's Duck Delivery MH)
Good Idea's The Cutting Edge- "Edge" 9/29/2014 (Grady x Good Idea's Touch of Class)
Yaz, a 1st place and a statue, all in the same weekend! Congratulations Martha.
"The Bluebills Died at Dawn", thank you Gordon MacQuarrie.
I like my dogs black, wet and with a dead duck in their mouth!


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Alternate name: Littleleaf Leadtree, Wahoo-tree, Goldenball Leadtree
Family: Fabaceae, Pea view all from this family
Description Little-leaf leadtree or goldenball leadtree is a small, multi-trunked tree or large shrub,12-15 ft. tall, which can reach 25 ft. Airy, light-green foliage occurs on brittle stems. Bark is flaky and cinnamon-colored. Sweet-smelling flowers occur in 1 in., yellow-orange globes and will appear after every rain from summer through fall. .
Habitat Scrub, shrub & brushlands, Grasslands & prairies.
Range Southwest, Texas.
Comments Open enough that sun-loving species can bloom underneath. Brittle branches are often broken in high winds and ice storms.
Exposure Preference Sun.
Flower April - October
Native Distribution In Texas, Edwards Plateau w. to Davis & Chisos Mts.; also n. Mexico
Site Preference Rocky, limestone areas; dry canyons
Soil Preference Dry, rocky, limestone or igneous soils.


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|Very Nice
User: Matt G, Nov 18, 2011
I have owned a few bluetooth headsets in the past and none worked well for me. Being in my mid-fifties, I admit I have some hearing loss due to my being a Rock fan in my teens to my lifelong occupation in construction. Finally I found a hands-free headset that I can actually hear, even while on a construction site.
The ERA from Jawbone does everything I wanted it to do, and is exactly as represented.


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Did you go Maradona? I know it's headed to NYC next year and I'd love to attend that one since I live in Albany.
Did you go Maradona? I know it's headed to NYC next year and I'd love to attend that one since I live in Albany.
You'll be sorry, Pee-Wee Herman!
If you go down to NYCC, Mattel will be selling the exclusive there and they will debut the prototype drawing of next year's Castle Grayskull.
On Mattycollector, He Man and Battle Cat 2-pack is only $30 today in honor of his 30th birthday. That is quite a deal.
I ordered Frosta yesterday along with the JLU Guy Gardner pack but in those 20 minutes of the WSOD, lost out on Poison Ivy.
Why does Prince Adam come with an alternate head that's identical to the one that's already on his body?
Edit: Wow. I looked it up, and, man, that is an insanely minor difference.
I'm glad I got these two. I'm probably sick in the head, but I was tempted by Orko, and finding out he included Adam sealed the deal--if I only have two, those are two of the possibilities I'd pick for my only two. Still, for the original going price, these were kinda a ripoff. The articulation is good, but not worth writing home about (some of the better G.I. Joe molds beat the tar out of them here, and at half the price and size). Sculpts are great, but the visibility of the joints sucks. The ankles on Adam are really loose, making it tough to stand him up, but the hands are so tight that getting to hold a sword was a chore. In short, I like 'em, but I don't love 'em. At a normal price point, they'd be a solid B, but I've got to take into account what the intended retail price was, and they're a C- for it. All in all, it just makes me sad that the 2002 line is dead; I know people will disagree, but they were vastly superior. (2002 Trap-Jaw in particular is to Classics Prince Adam as we are to the amoeba.)
That's my jacket!


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Log In now to add this Gigapan to a group gallery.
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About This GigapanToggle
- Taken by
- Hugo Buddelmeijer
- Explore score
- 104
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- 0.22 Gigapixels
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- 10439
- Date added
- Mar 29, 2012
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- Mar 29, 2012
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- hercules eso astronomy
- Description
From www.eso.org/public/images/eso1211a / released under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.
This new image, taken with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) shows a wide variety of interacting galaxies in the young Hercules galaxy cluster. The sharpness of the picture and the sheer number of objects captured — across a full square degree — in less than three hours of observations attest to the great power of the VST and its OmegaCAM camera to explore the nearby Universe. This picture has been cropped and does not cover the full VST field of view.
Credit: ESO/INAF-VST/OmegaCAM. Acknowledgement: OmegaCen/Astro-WISE/Kapteyn Institute
Gigapan Comments (3)Toggle Minimize gigapan_comment
The 'Bad Astronomy' blog has a nice post about this image. Some of the red and green lines are identified as asteroids in the comments. However, the large green one is not and might be a satellite. blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastr onomy/2012/03/07/labors-of-the-hercules-cluster&nb sp;/
@tiga tatton, I think these are satellite trails. The picture is a composite image: different observations are used for the red, green and blue values of the pixels. So there seems to be an object that was moving along the sky during the 'green' observation. (Note the colors are false: what is green in the picture is not necessarily green for our eyes.) These objects are usually satellites. However, those stripes are often longer and uninterrupted (and removed), so it might be something else. Identifying artifacts in images can be very hard in astronomy: how do you tell the difference between something very unusual but really out there and something introduced by us?
What are the bright (and faded) green lines?


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I've been using Word for Windows since version 2.0 (1992), and the more I learn about it, the more I realize how little I know. But I may know a few things that you don't, and I'll help if I can. I answer many questions every day in Microsoft's peer support forums and as a result have been awarded the MVP (Most Valuable Professional) designation by Microsoft Corporation. You may be able to find the answer to your question at the Word MVPs' FAQ site or at my own Word FAQ site, so please check those first! Please, no questions about VBA (macros), Registry editing, networks, or complex merges, as I have no experience with these aspects of Word, nor do I have any experience with Word for Mac. Please indicate which version of Word you are using; if you are not sure, see "What version of Word do I have?".
I have a master's degree in classics (Latin), which is surprisingly helpful, though I no longer teach. The things I am proudest of: Having raised two children to maturity, both Merit Scholars, both college graduates (one a philosophy major!), one Phi Beta Kappa (from Harvard!); having been made a Paul Harris Fellow by my Rotary club; having been designated a Microsoft MVP.
Rotary Club of Fairhope, Friends of the Fairhope Public Library
B.A. (Latin), Agnes Scott College, 1966; M.A. (Classics), Emory University, 1972.
Awards and Honors
Microsoft Most Valuable Professional award every year since 1999; many Rotary honors
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Colorectal Cancer ScreeningSkip to the navigation
Topic Overview
For people at an average risk for colorectal (colon) cancer
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has the following advice for colorectal cancer testing:footnote 1
- People ages 50 to 75 should have a stool test (FIT or FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy.
- People ages 76 to 85 should not be routinely screened for colorectal cancer. But there may be exceptions for some individuals.
- People over age 85 should not be screened for colorectal cancer.
- No recommendations are made about CT colonography (CTC, also called virtual colonoscopy) or the stool DNA test (sDNA).
The American Cancer Society (ACS), the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology recommend routine testing for people age 50 and older who have a normal risk for colon cancer. They also have recommendations for other tests, such as virtual colonoscopy (CTC) and the stool DNA test (sDNA).footnote 2
Talk with your doctor about which test is best for you.
Experts agree that people with a higher risk, such as those who have a strong family history of colon cancer, may need to be tested sooner. Talk to your doctor about when you should be tested.
Stool test, such as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
Every year
Every 5 years*
Every 10 years
|*Some experts recommend combining a stool test with a sigmoidoscopy.
Less common screening tests include the stool DNA test (sDNA) and computed tomographic colonography (CTC).
For people at an increased risk for colorectal cancer
Your doctor may recommend earlier or more frequent testing if you:
- Already have been diagnosed with colorectal cancer.
- Have a first-degree relative (parent, brother, sister, or child) with an adenomatous polyp or colorectal cancer.
- Have had adenomatous polyps removed from your colon. This type of polyp is more likely to turn into cancer, but the risk is still very low.
- Have inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
- Have a rare inherited polyp syndrome, such as FAP or Lynch syndrome (HNPCC).
- Have had radiation treatments to the abdomen or pelvis.
What to think about
Virtual colonoscopy uses computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to make a three-dimensional image of the interior lining of your large intestine. It may be used as a test for people who do not have an increased risk for colon cancer or for people who cannot have a colonoscopy. For people who have an increased risk for colon cancer, regular colonoscopy may be better because it permits tissue biopsies or polyp removal. Virtual colonoscopy is not widely available, and the cost may not be covered by insurance.
Health Tools
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
Related Information
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2008). Screening for colorectal cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Available online: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscolo.htm.
- Levin B, et al. (2008). Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: A joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 58(3): 130–160.
Other Works Consulted
- Levin B, et al. (2008). Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: A joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 58(3): 130–160.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
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Current as ofNovember 20, 2015
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Web Stories
George Will to speak on the 'Dependency Agenda'
Posted November 23, 2009; 06:30 p.m.
A lecture by Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist George Will on "The Dependency Agenda" is set for 4:30 p.m. Wednesday, Dec. 9, in 120 Lewis Library.
Will, a 1968 Princeton graduate alumnus, will discuss new manifestations of government activism and Americans' dependence on the decisions of the political class.
Will's column has been syndicated by The Washington Post since 1974 and currently appears twice weekly in more than 400 newspapers. In 1976, he became a regular contributing editor of Newsweek magazine, for which he provides a bimonthly essay. In 1977, he won a Pulitzer Prize for commentary in his newspaper columns. Eight collections of Will's newspaper and magazine columns have been published, the most recent being "One Man's America: The Pleasures and Provocations of Our Singular Nation."
The talk will be simulcast in 138 Lewis Library and on Tiger TV channel 7. It is sponsored by the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions.


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Small business leaders wear many hats. They do it all — from high-level strategy to opening the mail and taking out the trash. They're accustomed to being producers and getting things done and done well is all within their nature.
Unfortunately, this spirit of self-reliance can be a major obstacle when it comes to building and managing a team. When you're used to single-handedly running the ship, it can be difficult to relinquish control to your crew members. But doing so is often the key to taking your business to the next level. (more…)


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Free Sample of our Bible Dictionary
EPHESUSRecent excavation, conservation, and restoration at Ephesus have added tremendously to the appearance of the ancient city. The atmosphere of the city and the various aspects of ancient life which can be observed here now make Ephesus the rival of ATHENS, Pompeii, ROME, and Ostia.
1. The altar and temple of Artemis. One of the most important results of the recent excavations has been the discovery of the great altar of the Artemision. The rectangular altar precinct stood before the West (W) facade of the Archaic temple, on axis and parallel to it. In the excavator's reconstruction the altar comprised a large sacrificial stone table approached by a rampway. During the late Archaic period a low wall was thrown around three sides of the table, including the side facing the temple, leaving open only the fourth side toward the sea on the W. The courtyard so formed was approximately fifty feet deep and one hundred feet broad, broader then than the similar but later Altar of Zeus at PERGAMUM. In late Classical times the enclosure on the same foundations consisted of a base sculptured with reliefs above which stood a series of Ionic columns.
In hopes of solving the long-standing controversy over the ground plans and reconstructions of the early and later temples, the Artemision itself has received more attention. Suggestions have been made for restoring the original Archaic Artemision with double rows of columns on the four sides of a structure divided into forehall, large central area, and reserved rear chamber. The later Classical temple remained essentially the same except for some enlargement and modification, including the addition of a third row of eight columns on the W which served to advance the façade of the temple; by this means an epiphany of the goddess through doors in the pediment of the temple's roof could be seen more easily over the walls of the altar's court. The central unroofed area was entered down a flight of stairs from the front porch of the temple. In this central area stood a small shrine for the cult image of ARTEMIS Ephesia, a stiff, pillar-like figure wearing a corselet of eggs and a long, fitted skirt worked with various animal figures. The suggested reconstruction makes the Artemision very similar to the temple of Apollo at Didyma near MILETUS, which did in fact have the same architect, Paionios of Ephesus (Vitruvius, On Architecture VII, Preface [16]).
After being destroyed by the Goths in A.D. 263 the temple of Artemis may have been partially repaired, but with the advance of Christianity the temple gradually became no more than a quarry for materials reused in Late Antique, Medieval, and Turkish constructions in Selçuk (Church of St. John) and Istanbul (Hagia Sophia).
2. Civic agora. The ceremonial center of the city established by ALEXANDER'S general Lysimachus was the shrine of Hera Boulaia on the saddle between Mounts Pion and Koressos. In this shrine a sacred hearth representing the well-being of the city was kept constantly burning. Here also was the assembly hall for the city councilors (bouleuterion), offices for the duty officials (prytaneion), and a large three-aisled hall (basilica) for transaction of business and legal proceedings as well as for the display of the laws and public announcements. Numerous portrait heads from commemorative statues set up here have been found; several, including one of AUGUSTUS, had been mutilated by zealous Christians who hacked crosses into the foreheads of the portraits (Fig. El). Within the great square below the basilica stood a small temple built in the late first century B.C. and demolished in the time of Theodosius. A black stone head of AMMON and the rattle from a sistrum indicate that the temple may have been dedicated to the Egyptian gods, while a large portrait head of Antony discovered in the area suggests that Antony and Cleopatra commissioned its construction.
3. Baths of Scholastikia. During the rule of Theodosius at the end of the fourth century, material was robbed from the sanctuary of Hera Boulaia and surrounding buildings by a Christian woman named Scholastikia, in order to renovate a large bath at tire intersection of the "Street of the Kouretes" and the "Marble Road" in central Ephesus. Two statues of Ephesian Artemis (one carved from translucent Parian marble and bearing traces of gilding) were found carefully buried beside the robbed buildings. It would seem that certain persons objected to burning the images into lime for mortar, because they at least did not believe Paul's dictum that "gods made with hands are not gods" (Acts 19:26). The Baths of Scholastikia included almost every facility for bodily comfort: eating places, dressing rooms, hot and cold baths, massage and anointing chambers, a lavatory, and even a large paidiskeion (brothel) decorated with mosaics and frescoes.
4. Residences. On the S side of the so-called Street of the Kouretes running between the civic agora and the lower, commercial agora, a number of well-preserved houses crowded together on a series of ascending terraces have been excavated. These upper-middle-class residences had a multistoried appearance not unlike certain apartment buildings in Rome and Ostia. The apartment block is fronted by a colonnade sheltering stores and taverns. Passageways between the shops lead from the street up to the entrances of individual living quarters. Each section usually centers around a small open colonnaded courtyard from which subsidiary rooms are entered. The standard of living varied from section to section, but generally the apartments seem to have been fairly comfortable. At least two had heated bathrooms; several boasted colored marble wall revetments and floor mosaics, as well as glass, ivory, bronze, and marble adornments; such amenities as running water and wall frescoes were common. The construction and refurbishing of these apartments continued from the first into the seventh century A.D.
5. Churches and mosques. The major Christian shrines at Ephesus symbolically link the ancient world with late medieval and modern times. The Church of St. John, the study of which is now being continued with excavation and restoration, stands close by the Sultan ?sa Bey Camii (Mosque of Sultan Jesus I of the Aydino?lu dynasty) erected in A.D. 1375. In 1955 a cave-like chapel on Mount Koressos above the city to the S was discovered, and graffiti here attest for the first time in Ephesus the invocation of PAUL as a saint. The controversial last home of the Virgin (Meryem Ana or Panaya Kapulu, S of Ephesus) was visited by Pope Paul in 1967. The Church of Mary in Ephesus proper was built inside a Roman structure which has been recognized as the stock exchange for the bankers of ancient Ephesus. The Third Ecumenical Council held in this church in A.D. 431 established a secure cult position for the Virgin as the divine Mother of God; she thereby completely usurped the status of Artemis, "Mother of the Gods."
Bibliography. New final reports in Forschungen in Ephesus VI-VII, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut in Wien (1971 ff.); annual preliminary reports in Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, and articles on various aspects of the city in Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts in Wien, Hauptblatt and Beiblatt; D. Knibbe, W. Alzinger, and S. Karwiese, "Ephesos," PW, Supplementband XII (1970), cols. 248-364; J. Keil, Ephesos, Ein Führer durch die Ruinenstätte und ihre Geschichte (5th ed., 1964); A. Bammer, "Der Altar des jüngeren Artemisions von Ephesos," Archäologischer Anzeiger of the Jahrbuch des deutschen archäologischen Instituts, LXXXIII (1968), 400-423; LXXXVII (1972), 714-28, Die Architektur des jüngeren Artemision von Ephesos (1972), "Die Entwicklung des Opferkultes am Altar des Artemis von Ephesos," Istanbuler Mitteilungen 23/24 (1973/1974), 53-63; R. Fleischer, Artemis von Ephesos und verwandte Kultstatuen aus Anatolien und Syrien (1973); O. F. A. Meinardus, St. Paul in Ephesus and the Cities of Galatia and Cyprus (1973).


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Alternate name: Scrub Pine, Gray Pine
Family: Pinaceae, Pine view all from this family
Description Small to medium-sized, native, coniferous, evergreen tree, occasionally shrubby in harsh conditions. Bark brownish gray with scales. Needles in bundles of two, twisted, slightly yellowish-green, and 2–4 cm. (0.79–1.6 in.) long. Cones 3–5 cm. (1.2–2.0 in.) long, scales have small, fragile prickle that usually wears off before maturity, leaving the cones smooth. Cones normally point forward along the branch, sometimes curling around it.
Dimensions Height: 9-21 m. (30-70 ft.)
Diameter: 0.3 m. (1 ft.).
Habitat Mountains, Scrub, shrub & brushlands, Canyons & valleys, Watersides (fresh), Fields.
Range New England, Alaska, Mid-Atlantic, Eastern Canada, Western Canada, Plains, Great Lakes.
Discussion The serotinous cones, sealed shut by a resinous bond, require high
temperatures to open. This heat is usually provided by fire, but hot,
dry weather also opens some cones. Wood is used for pulpwood,
lumber, telephone poles, fence posts, mine timbers, and railroad ties.
The federally endangered Kirtland's warbler is endemic to jack pine


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You look so clean-cut.
You look so clean-cut.
That's my jacket!
Slicker's bringing sexy back.
Let's just hope it's not his mom.
That's my jacket!
Rogue Squadron-19 Golds, Battle For Naboo-18 Platinums, Rogue Leader-15 Golds/15 Aces, Rebel Strike-19 Single Golds/19 Single Aces
James Boba Fettfield & Lord Malakite's Video Game Collection
I can't really compete with a fighter jet, but here's a shot of me (on the left) with our Producer and Audio guy at the Great Wall of China a couple of weeks ago.
Very, VERY, cool!
There's nothing better than stepping foot (or resting tush) on such a historic and iconic symbol. I envy your job, stillakid, that gives you so many opportunities to see the world! I've been to Europe twice and Japan once; and wish I could travel more. There's so much to see!
Great photo!
¡Que la fuerza te acompañe!


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ACHICA > Cape Mohair > Cape Mohair King Blanket, Clear Skies
Click image to zoom -- or click here to enlarge
Cape Mohair King Blanket, Clear Skies
This product is not available
|Sale closed
UK Delivery: Estimated 3rd - 8th Dec - we'll email you once your items have been dispatched.
Returns: Click Delivery & Returns or check your delivery confirmation.
If you are ordering multiple items, ACHICA aim to send as few deliveries as possible for your convenience – you will only pay one delivery charge.
|Product Information
Dimensions: W220 x L240cm.
Material: 55% Mohair, 35% Merino wool, 10% Nylon
Washing instructions: Dry clean only.
Product Code 1006-KING
|Delivery & Returns
We hope you will be thrilled with your purchases but in the unlikely event that you want to return something, you can find full return instructions on the back of your delivery note or click here


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Slide 2 of 13 | Back to Post
Slide 2 of 13
You found me!
Boo's crazy-fluffy fur came about by accident: It go so knotted that it had to get shaved off, which left it looking like a mini bear/plush toy.
You found me!
Total Facebook photo.
Boo doesn't like baths because he can't use his incredibly fluffy fur to win you over.
He looks like a real dog's face Photoshopped onto a stuffed animal, right?
What a saucy dog!
Going camping, no big.
Yes, Boo is "collaborating" with his anonymous owner J.H. Lee to release a book.
This is Boo's Inception costume (dog who looks like a bear within a bear suit).


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The Novex NuPAGE SDS-PAGE gel system is a revolutionary high-performance polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system that simulates the denaturing conditions of the traditional Laemmli system (Tris-Glycine SDS-PAGE gels). NuPAGE SDS-PAGE gels use a unique buffer formulation that maintains a low operating pH during electrophoresis. This helps eliminate the "smiles" and poor resolution seen with Tris-Glycine SDS-PAGE gels.
The Novex® NuPAGE SDS-PAGE gel system is designed for:
- Superior protein band resolution and stability
- Faster sample run times—35–50 minutes
- Longer product shelf life—16 months from the date of manufacture
- More efficient western blot transfer
- Using gels from another company? Use the product selection guide to find our equivalent
NuPAGE Bis-Tris Pre-Cast gels
Ideal for separating small to mid-size proteins
NuPAGE Tris-Acetate Pre-Cast gels
Ideal for separating large proteins
All of our mini gels will run in the XCell SureLock® Mini-Cell as well as our new Mini Gel Tank.
NuPAGE SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis reagents
- NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer
- NuPAGE Reducing Agent
- NuPAGE Antioxidant
- NuPAGE MES SDS or MOPS SDS Running Buffer for NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gels
- NuPAGE Tris-Acetate SDS Running Buffer for NuPAGE Tris-Acetate Gels
- NuPAGE Transfer Buffer for blotting of NuPAGE Pre-Cast Gels
( Figure 1).
|Figure 1. Protein separation using (A) a Novex NuPAGE gel and (B) a traditional Tris-Glycine gel. The samples listed below were run on (A) a NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris gel in MES-SDS Running Buffer or (B) another manufacturer's 4–20% Tris-Glycine gel. Note the high resolution of the sample bands in the NuPAGE protein gel. The poorly resolved "fuzzy" bands seen in the other manufacturer's gel are a result of reoxidation of some disulfide bonds within the sample, leading to slight changes in migration rates. Lanes 1, 6, 7, 10: Mark12™ Unstained Protein Standard; lane 2: high protein load (4 proteins, 6 µg/protein); lane 3: Broad Range Standard; lanes 4, 5: E. coli extract; lane 8: SeeBlue® Pre-stained Protein Standard; lane 9: MultiMark Multi-colored Protein Standard.
NuPAGE protein gels are available in two buffer systems: NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gels and NuPAGE® Tris-Acetate Gels. The NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gels provide superior separation of small to medium-sized proteins and employ a neutral-pH environment that minimizes protein modification. The NuPAGE Tris-Acetate Gels are designed to provide optimal separation for large proteins at pH 8.1.
NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gels are used in combination with either NuPAGE MES or MOPS buffer. The NuPAGE® MES Buffer is recommended for resolving small proteins and for samples containing a broad range of protein sizes. The NuPAGE MOPS Buffer is best for resolving medium-sized proteins.
NuPAGE Tris-Acetate Gels are used with NuPAGE Tris-Acetate SDS Running Buffer to resolve high molecular weight proteins (36–400 kDa) under denaturing conditions, or with Novex Tris-Glycine Native Running Buffer to resolve high molecular weight proteins under non-denaturing (native) conditions. Figure 2 shows the migration patterns of Sharp Protein Standards on NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gels using MOPS and MES buffers, and NuPAGE Tris-Acetate Gels using NuPAGE Tris-Acetate SDS Running Buffer.
Figure 2. Migration patterns of Novex® Sharp Protein Standards (prestained and unstained) on NuPAGE® Bis-Tris Gels and NuPAGE® Tris-Acetate Gels. For optimal results, protein bands should migrate within the yellow shaded areas.
Sample preparation is a crucial step in successful protein analysis. The pH of the traditional Laemmli-style sample buffer changes from 6.8 to 5.2 when heated at 100°C. This lower pH is known to induce aspartyl-prolyl (Asp-Pro) peptide bond cleavage, which leads to protein degradation. By maintaining a >7.0 pH environment, the NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer preserves protein integrity by minimizing this Asp-Pro cleavage. Figure 3 demonstrates that sample integrity is maintained throughout electrophoresis with the NuPAGEsystem; protein degradation is seen in samples prepared with Laemmli (Tris-glycine) sample buffer. The NuPAGE Antioxidant running buffer additive greatly minimizes protein oxidation during electrophoresis and keeps reduced protein bands sharp and clear.
Figure 3. Integrity of samples is maintained throughout electrophoresis with the Novex® NuPAGE SDS-PAGE Gel System (left), compared to samples prepared with Laemmli (Tris-glycine) sample buffer (right).
Increased Gel Stability
The NuPAGE protein gels are discontinuous SDS-PAGE gel systems that operate in the same way as the traditional Tris-glycine system but are prepared at a lower pH. This neutral-pH environment allows a much longer shelf life (1 year for NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gels and 8 months for NuPAGE® Tris-Acetate Gels).
Efficient Western Blot Transfer
The NuPAGE Transfer Buffer maintains neutral pH and prevents reoxidation of reduced samples during protein transfer to a membrane. This avoids sample modifications that can occur at the alkaline pH of traditional transfer buffers and maintains sample antigenicity. NuPAGE® Bis-Tris Gels are able to separate proteins using lower acrylamide concentrations than are required for Tris-glycine gels. This more open gel matrix allows for more efficient transfer of proteins to membranes during western blotting.
Best All-Around Performance
For routine protein separation, use the NuPAGE SDS-PAGE Gel System for superior performance. In addition, the high-resolution separation and reduced protein modification and degradation properties make this system suitable for even the most demanding applications. Because the same protein separation can be achieved at lower acrylamide concentrations using NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gels compared to Tris-glycine gels, western blot transfers are also more efficient.
More information
|Protein Electrophoresis and Western Blotting Support Center
Find tips, troubleshooting help, and resources for your western workflow.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.


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JBL J33 Premium In-Ear Headphones - Black
" Okay..well this is my first review..if you may call it so..hence any,,amatuerish mistakes be forgiven..here we go.. So i saved some money(i'm always short of it) for the Vsonic gr02 be..after studying Head-fi posts extensively..and at the moment of commitment, my seller went out of stock. These were just launched on a reputed website here in india..so i decided that i'd get them to satisfy..." --Aakash
JBL Reference 220 Headphone (White)
" Let me get some disclaimers out there before I start writing this review. This was the first pair of $30+ headphones/IEMs I bought. I also got them on clearance (50%) so, for what I paid, these are quite a good deal. At retail price, I'm not sure they are a steal. When I first plugged these in, I noticed the bass was fairly prominent. Now, either I'm getting deafer or the bass has tamed..." --matchless
JBL Synchros S200 Premium In-Ear Stereo Headphones
Beautiful. Powerful. Authentic.View largerControl your iPhone or iPod with the Apple three-button remoteView largerDie-cast Precision for the Inner EarWe meant it at JBL when we said we'd build a revolutionary line of in-ear headphones. For those who know authentic elegance when they see it, and hear it – meet our new Synchros S200 Headphone. Its die-cast precision and aluminum...
JBL J33i Premium In-Ear Headphones with Microphone - Black
Drawing on expertise learned from building some of the finest loudspeakers in the world, JBL engineers created lightweight, comfortable headphones that deliver signature JBL sound. The J33i's premium drivers generate high sensitivity, extended frequency response and pure bass that is deep, powerful and accurate. So you hear the truth from your favorite music. Angled strain relief buckles...
JBL Tempo In-Ear Headphones
High-performance drivers – From the in-ear 9mm to the ear bud 15mm and onto the on-ear 40mm, Tempo headphone drivers generate an outstanding frequency range of 20Hz to 20kHz. The resulting response is clear, powerful JBL sound with exceptional bass and smooth vocals. Latex-free silicone sleeves – Three pairs of sleeves in sizes small, medium and large are included with the JBL...
JBL Reference 210 Headphone (Black)
Earphones have always been a smaller, more portable alternative to traditional headphones, and JBL Reference 200 Series earphones are certainly that. But Reference 200 Series earphones are designed to perform more like their larger counterparts. With JBL Reference 200 Series it is possible to get realistic, full-spectrum sound from virtually weightless earphones that can easily slip into a pocket.
2 PAIR for Apple iPod NEW 2nd Gen HEADPHONES EAR BUDS
Compatible With Apple: iPhone 1st Gen. 16GB / 4GB / 8GB,iPhone 3G 16GB / 8GB,iPhone 3GS 16GB / 32GB,iPod 1st Gen. 10GB / 5GB,iPod 2nd Gen. 20GB,iPod 3rd Gen. 10GB / 15GB / 20GB / 30GB / 40GB,iPod 4th Gen. 20GB (Color Display) / 30GB (Color Display) / 40GB (Photo) / 60GB (Color Display) / U2 Special Edition,iPod Classic 120GB / 160GB / 80GB,iPod Mini 4GB / 6GB,iPod Nano 1st Gen. 1GB / 2GB /...
JBL Reference 220 Headphone (Black)
The JBl Reference 220 earphone system uses high quality minature transducers which will give your outstanding sound.
Universal In-Ear Stereo Headset, White
Apple: iPad 16GB / 32GB / 64GB ;iPhone 1st Gen. 16GB / 4GB / 8GB ;iPhone 3G 16GB / 8GB ;iPhone 3GS 16GB / 32GB ;iPod 1st Gen. 10GB / 5GB ;iPod 2nd Gen. 20GB ;iPod 3rd Gen. 10GB / 15GB / 20GB / 30GB / 40GB ;iPod 4th Gen. 20GB (Color Display) / 30GB (Color Display) / 40GB (Photo) / 60GB (Color Display) / U2 Special Edition ;iPod Classic 120GB / 160GB / 80GB ;iPod Mini 4GB / 6GB ;iPod Nano 1st...
White Earphones Earbuds With Microphone for iPod iPhone
Generic hands-free stereo headset w/ On Off switch. Enjoy Hands-free conversations. Includes integrated earpieces and microphone. Cord mounted ON/OFF button which lets you take calls and hang up easily. Excellent sound quality and super clear sound. Keep your hands free and on the wheel. Color: Black. Includes: 2 additional sets of ear bud cushions - Black. Accessory ONLY. Phone not included....


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Family: Hydrobatidae, Storm-Petrels view all from this family
Description ALL BIRDS Sooty gray, but can look all-dark at a distance, except for pale panel on upper wing coverts. Note that tail's fork is not always easy to discern and pale gray line that divides rump is visible only at very close range. Underwings are all-dark.
Dimensions Length: 8-9" (20-23 cm)
Habitat Oceanic, seldom approaching land except during breeding season at night. Nests in burrows on remote islands off Canadian coast with some sizeable colonies.
Observation Tips Tricky to observe since it shuns land and typically does not follow boats. Chance encounters from pelagic trips offer the best opportunities.
Range Eastern Canada, California, Northwest, Southeast, Alaska, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Florida, Western Canada
Voice Silent at sea, but at breeding colonies birds utter a bizarre-sounding gurgling rattle.
Discussion Tiny by seabird standards, but with relatively long wings and a deeply forked tail. Flight direction and pattern are ever-changing, often bounding with deep, powerful wingbeats, but occasionally gliding in an almost shearwater-like fashion. Combination of forked tail and white, wedge-shaped rump (divided down middle by gray line) is diagnostic. Sexes are similar.


text:
Web Stories
Blood drive set for May 15-16
Posted May 3, 2002; 02:56 p.m.
An American Red Cross Spring Faculty and Staff Blood Drive is set for 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Wednesday, May 15, and 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Thursday, May 16, in Multipurpose Rooms A and B of the Frist Campus Center.
The drive is by appointment only, and times are available every 15 minutes. The blood donation takes only eight to ten minutes, but the appointment lasts about 45 minutes.
To schedule a time, call Peggy Henke in the Department of Employee Health at 258-5035.
Contact: Marilyn Marks (609) 258-3601


text:
The VYS Field Use Policy (pdf) is a comprehensive document providing all relevant information regarding field usage, preservation, and safety for all fields used by teams of Vienna Youth Soccer.
Please take a moment to review this document prior to the start of soccer season so as to have a clear understanding of all field maintenance policies.
COACHES, ASSISTANT COACHES and TEAM MANAGERS - It is your responsibility to read, agree to, and adhere to the guidelines as they are presented in this document and to convey these principles to your players, parents and visitors.
Questions? Please contact VYS Field Assignor, Liz Difrancisco.


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Those $@^&%$ are trying to steal everything from the Giants.
Those $@^&%$ are trying to steal everything from the Giants.
Bennett produced like a top 5 tight end last year. You could say a lot of guys are better, Jermichael Finley for one, but Bennett out performed them last year. I'm not sure the Giants can afford to make a huge offer, but if they don't, tight end is going to become another big hole in our lineup.
We have to use some of our dollars to plug in some of these holes somewhere, right? Maybe the GMen feel Pascoe and Robinson are going to be enough. I don't know....
Last edited by DVision; 02-10-2013 at 01:18 PM.
Bill Loyal to the NYG logo


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The beacon at the gateway to Cape Breton Island, is the Cove Motel, Mariner Dining Room & Giftshop. Overlooking the panoramic Canso Causeway; The Canso Causeway alludes charm and the ambiance of the sea.
Located in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, The Mariner King Inn majestically stands in the heart of Old Town Lunenburg. The Inn, built in 1830, has undergone extensive renovations restoring the old and melding it with the needs of today's travellers.
We offer 2 room suites, deluxe and standard rooms , A/C, fridge, microwave, in-room coffee/tea, hairdryers, iron+board . We have complimentary WiFi and business station with fax and printer . Continental breakfast included . Outdoor heated pool
Welcome to Auberge Gisele's Country Inn where European charm and sophistication meets warm Cape Breton hospitality. A truly incomparable experience awaits you, from the beautifully furnished rooms to the broad, sweeping lawns and cultivated gardens o
Reasonale Motel-Resort across a sandy beach on Cape Breton Island. Reasonable rates, Cafe Shop, Restaurant down the road, Large Gift Shop, Laundromat, lagrge parking lots, children play area, hiking trails, pic-nic tables, benches....
Located in downtown Halifax. We are a four diamond property with the four diamond restaurant Gio located off the front lobby. Follow us on Twitter @PrinceGeorgeHfx or Like us on Facebook for information and local attractions.
Offering a great variety of rooms and renowed for its service and attention to detail, our hotel will surely make your stay a memorable. Our accommodations combine historical surroundings with contemporary ameneties, quality and service.
We have 10 motel units and 5 cottages close to beautiful Mavillette Beach. Restaurant across the road. Continental breakfast provided.
Lynwood Inn offers comfort & charm in the heart of Baddeck. Four Star accommodations with Queen beds, en suites with whirlpool tubs, a/c, cable, highspeed internet and licensed family restaurant on site. Many rooms have a view of the Bras d'Or Lakes
At Downtown Halifax's NEWLY RENOVATED Garden South Park Inn, you'll enjoy your choice of 23 air conditioned rooms located in the heart of everything Halifax has to offer. We spared no cost in ensuring your next stay in Halifax is everything you're ex
Find great deals on quality Nova Scotia hotels & resorts, or indulge at one of our luxury resorts. Take advantage of the many amenities that can be included with your stay such as in-room internet access, wifi, room service, fitness center, pool, hot tub, steam room, and shuttle services to and from the airport. Browse our Nova Scotia hotels and resorts and plan your Nova Scotia vacation today!


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The UT Dallas logo is one of the most important and frequently recognized graphic representations of The University of Texas at Dallas.
UT Dallas logos, trademarks and wordmarks may be used only for official purposes of The University of Texas at Dallas in the exact manner, font and color specifications noted in these guidelines. Print-ready graphics of UT Dallas logos and wordmarks are available to staff and faculty online through the UT Dallas photo library (NetID login required) or in the downloads area of this site. For access to the photo library, contact Web Services at 972-883-4995 or email [email protected].
Non-university requests for use of University logos, trademarks and wordmarks should be directed to the Office of Communications at 972-883-4701 or [email protected]
All external logos require written permission from the organization that owns them for use in University publications or Web pages.
The cover page of publications and advertisements should always feature the University wordmark – The University of Texas at Dallas – as a prominent feature of its headline and contain the UTD or UT Dallas logo as a second design element. The UTD logo should not be used as the sole University branding element. The wordmark must also be included.
Branding for schools, centers, departments, programs and other institutional entities is secondary to the primary brand of The University of Texas at Dallas. A secondary logo may not be used by an entity to promote itself independently of the University. Separate logos for other institutional units are strongly discouraged and may be permitted only by the Office of Communications.
Student organizations are organized by students, for students, to engage in some mutually interesting activity. So the communication is from students to students, and there's a shared understanding that everyone involved is a UT Dallas student. Such organizations are not speaking on behalf of the University, nor does the University take responsibility for their organization or guarantee the quality of their events and activities, other than to register them and require that they follow University guidelines for student organizations. They may use the University's official logo and wordmark in their campus communication, but this is not required.
Student organizations that function as quasi-official arms of the University are required to use brand marks. Student Government and student service organizations that represent the University to others through their work on alternative spring break, athletics teams, assignments as Student Ambassadors and intellectual competition teams are examples. The members of these organizations receive significant University support, and are expected to act as representatives of the University. These organizations are required to use the University wordmarks and logos on their official publications, apparel, and other collateral likely to be used in venues that will represent the University to others. Variations on existing marks and artwork in addition to University marks are subject to review and approval by the Office of Communications Marketing department.
This requirement does not exclude the use of artwork the organization in question may have. But artwork should not be treated as an official brand mark, nor can it replace brand marks. Publications and other materials combining standing artwork and University brand marks should be submitted to the Office of Communications Marketing department for visual review, for which three working days should be built into the production schedule. This review will cover visual presentation; notes on language, usage, spelling, accuracy and other issues may be offered, but student organizations and Student Affairs sponsors of such organizations are ultimately responsible for the quality of the presentation in those respects.


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Or choose from these top devices:
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Get the right stand for right scenario
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Have fun with geeky ice cube trays
Innovative items for the bathroom
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Fun & safety
Drones, remote Helicopters, and more
LED leashes & collars
Folding chairs, lamps, storage units & more
Beat the heat, stay dry and cool
With dual ventilation breathing system
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Record every moment
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Wireless keyboards, mouse pads,etc
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Got mustache?
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Keep your firearms safe
With latching access door
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Comfortable angle for maximum access
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