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Report says New York Islanders up for sale
By Allan Muir
So apparently Charles Wang isn't exactly a Brooklyn kind of guy.
Just months after sealing a deal that would see the New York Islanders move to the posh new Barclays Center in the hipster borough, Wang is looking to sell the team according to a report by Josh Kosman in The New York Post.
From the story:
Owner Charles Wang has been in talks with The Raine Group, a Manhattan investment bank, regarding the sale of the money-losing team, two sources said.
Talks between Wang and Raine are said to be preliminary and the team owner hasn't hired Raine -- so the effort could lose steam.
An Islanders spokesman said there is no truth to the story. Raine could not be reached for comment.
A lengthy, and ultimately failed, battle to build a new arena that would allow the team to remain on Long Island left Wang willing to discuss a sale in the past, but he never officially put the sign on the lawn.
The timing makes sense. Kosman notes that Wang has a $75 million loan payment due at the end of next season. That's a tough bill to foot with the team losing about $10 million a year and no real relief in sight until the team moves for the 2015-16 season. But with the new arena deal in place, there is a brighter financial outlook for the sad-sack Isles. Exploring a sale now allows Wang to capitalize on that warm glow and possibly stave off having to personally absorb the significant losses he's certain to face as the team plays out the string at the decrepit Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum.


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Everything you need to know about the Instant Game Collection and entertainment services on PS4.
How does the Instant Game Collection work on PlayStation 4? Will your PlayStation Plus membership work across all three PlayStation systems? And how can you watch your friends' PS4 gameplay sessions? Find out in this at-a-glance guide.
PlayStation Plus on PS4
What do you get?
Just as you can via your PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita, you'll be able to access an Instant Game Collection on your PS4; use up to 1GB of online storage so you can back up your game saves and pick up your progress on friends' systems; take advantage of exclusive discounts and early access to betas; plus you'll get access to the thrilling online multiplayer modes of your favourite games.
Gear up for #DRIVECLUB
The brand new racer from Evolution Studios, #DRIVECLUB PlayStation Plus Edition, will be ready for PlayStation Plus members to play when PS4 launches. Check out why you should be itching to line up on the starting grid here.
That's not all. There'll also be a featured game every month especially for PS4 owners, beginning with the brilliant shooter RESOGUN from the studio behind Super Stardust, Housemarque.
One membership, three devices
If you're already a PlayStation Plus member, good news: you don't need to do a thing. Your membership covers PS4 as well as PS3 and PS Vita.
Thinking about joining the value-packed service? Now's the perfect time to do it. You'll get an extra 90 days at no extra cost when you buy a year's membership before 20 September 2013. You can stack memberships, too, so if you already have a yearly membership you can renew it and still get those extra 90 days on top.
See how PlayStation Plus fits first
Every PS4 comes with a 14-day PlayStation Plus trial so you can try it out for size at no extra cost before joining up. You'll get to enjoy every aspect of the service, including the Instant Game Collection, multiplayer gaming and online storage.
That means you can get stuck into #DRIVECLUB PlayStation Plus Edition and Resogun as soon as you've got your PS4 set up, even if you're not a member.
Fancy signing up? Head to eu.playstation.com/playstationplus to find out more.
Unmissable entertainment on PS4
Listen to music as you play
Faster, simpler to use and packed with new features, Music Unlimited is now even better for discovering new music and old favourites. You'll be able to listen to your playlist while you play games, and access controls without completely exiting other applications.
That's more than 22 million songs available to listen to, so you're bound to find something to tap the steering wheel to when you play #DRIVECLUB.
Watch the world play
Twitch, the world's leading video platform and community for gamers, is coming to PS4. What does that mean for you? You can take a break from playing to see how other gamers attempt a particular map or track. Whether you want to cheer on your friends on in a Killzone: Shadow Fall multiplayer session, or gain some new tactics to put into action the next time you play, Twitch is one of the ways you'll be able to spectate on PS4.
There when you want them
More than 15 entertainment services have been announced for PS4. If you already subscribe to services, you won't be charged anything more to access them on PS4. So, for LoveFilm users in the UK or Germany, Wuaki users in Spain, FilmoTV users in France or Pathe users in the Netherlands, there's no additional cost to view your favourite content on PS4.
What else is happening on PS4? Get the low-down on its games, relive its appearances at E3 2013 and gamescom 2013 and take a closer look at the system and the DUALSHOCK 4 controller ahead of its launch on 29 November 2013.
|Publish date:
|Fri Aug 23 16:00:00 BST 2013

subset: commoncrawl


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By E.S. Browning
Interest rates moved lower.
The most prominent market rate, the yield paid by the government's 10-year Treasury note, was 2.7% Friday, down from 3% at the end of December.
Rates could move higher again, of course. Many experts think they will. But experts have predicted higher rates for months and rates have confounded them.
That is important because low interest rates and low inflation are good—in the long run, at least—for just about every kind of investment you can imagine and for world economic growth.
Steady growth with low inflation and low interest rates is "very positive for stocks, very positive for corporate bonds, very positive for high-yield bonds, very positive for emerging markets," said Ken Volpert, who heads the taxable-bond group at Vanguard Group. Vanguard manages more than $750 billion in bonds and $2.6 trillion overall.
This doesn't necessarily mean that U.S. or foreign stocks are poised for big gains. Interest-rate declines lately have coincided with economic scares and weak stock performance. But in the longer term, steady, low interest rates and low inflation have been the kind of backdrop that keeps financial markets strong.
The yield of the 10-year Treasury note is watched closely because it serves as a benchmark for other market rates, including those of many mortgages.
When the Fed in January began reducing the billions of dollars in bond buying it had been using to keep rates low, bond mavens widely expected the 10-year yield to move above 3% and head for 3.25% or even 3.5%. It has gone the opposite way.
There are several reasons for this, some of which offer hints about where financial markets and the global economy are headed.
Economic growth: One reason for falling interest rates is that investors have been concerned about weak foreign economic growth for months. On top of that, U.S. economic data have been sluggish this year. Many economists think foreign growth is improving and the U.S. data were distorted by bad weather. The bond market seems to be waiting for proof. Meanwhile, weak world growth has helped keep the various U.S. inflation measures well below 2%. Interest rates are sensitive to inflation, so low inflation has contributed to the low rates.
Demand for bonds: Powerful stock-market gains in recent years have been a boon to institutions such as pension funds and insurance companies. Many have covered asset shortfalls they had from the financial crisis. They are thinking more about protecting their holdings from losses than about needing big future returns. Some are boosting bondholdings as a safe way of generating guaranteed income.
Investors seeking safety, meanwhile, have had three kinds of government bonds to choose from: U.S., German and Japanese. While yields on U.S. Treasurys are low, they are higher than the other two. That has led some investors to shift toward Treasurys, which has pushed up Treasury prices and pushed down yields.
"You don't have enough bonds relative to demand for income," said Rick Rieder, who oversees bond investing at BlackRock Inc., which manages $700 billion in bonds and $4.3 trillion overall. "The supply-and-demand dynamic is quite profound today."
The Fed: The central bank's success in keeping interest rates low and in stabilizing financial markets has made investors reluctant to second-guess the Fed. With Fed officials repeating that they expect to keep interest rates exceptionally low, even after they allow short-term rates to rise gradually, investors are reluctant to fight the Fed.
Fed policy "may be the most important thing" in holding down rates, Mr. Rieder said.
Mr. Volpert at Vanguard said Fed officials have told him that as long as inflation is low, it means there is slack in the economy. That, in turn, means rates need to stay lower than normal. Fed officials "will wait a long time to begin increasing rates," Mr. Volpert said, and he thinks they will continue giving the market clear guidance to that effect.
Technicals:John Kosar, research director at Asbury Research in Schaumburg, Ill., tracks a series of technical indicators that in the past have been good forecasters of interest-rate trends.
Those include buying patterns of commercial futures traders; the behavior of U.S. Treasurys compared with German government bonds; surveys of trader attitudes and demand for exchange-traded Treasury-bond funds. These all are pointing toward lower rates, Mr. Kosar said.
"I'm telling clients that the table is set for a move toward higher Treasury prices and lower rates," he added.
Messrs. Rieder and Volpert both expect the 10-year yield to move gradually above 3%. But neither thinks it will exceed 3.25% anytime soon. Many would consider a yield around that level, with low inflation, a strong support for economic growth and for stocks.
What could muddy that picture? Two things: inflation or a sudden drop in growth. Inflation could force the Fed to push rates higher, harming stocks and the growth outlook. Weak growth would force the Fed to step up its intervention to stimulate the economy. That could be good for stocks, but would also raise fears about the economy's ability to grow on its own.
Many money managers are hoping to avoid both of those problems.
"I think we are going to be in a low-yield environment for a long time," Mr. Rieder of BlackRock said.


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War by Other Means
Today, nations increasingly carry out geopolitical combat through economic methods, but United States still too often reaches for the gun over the purse to advance its interests abroad. In Geoeconomics and Statecraft, Robert Blackwill and Jennifer Harris show that geoeconomic warfare requires a new vision of U.S. statecraft.
See more in Global; Diplomacy and Statecraft; Economics


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11.11: Box-and-Whisker Plots
Suppose that in the first 20 screenings of a movie, the number of paying customers at a theater were as follows: 16, 34, 22, 19, 59, 33, 60, 45, 50, 27, 75, 38, 49, 52, 20, 40, 13, 15, 26, 21. Could you analyze this data with a box-and-whisker plot? If so, what would you need to do first? In this Concept, you'll learn how to use box-and-whisker plots to analyze data sets like this one.
A box-and-whisker plot is another type of graph used to display data. It shows how the data are dispersed around a median, but it does not show specific values in the data. It does not show a distribution in as much detail as does a stem-and-leaf plot or a histogram.
A box-and-whisker plot is a graph based upon medians. It shows the minimum value, the lower median, the median, the upper median, and the maximum value of a data set. It is also known as a box plot.
This type of graph is often used when the number of data values is large or when two or more data sets are being compared.
Example A
You have a summer job working at Paddy's Pond. Your job is to measure as many salmon as possible and record the results. Here are the lengths (in inches) of the first 15 fish you found: 13, 14, 6, 9, 10, 21, 17, 15, 15, 7, 10, 13, 13, 8, 11
Create a box-and-whisker plot.
Since a box-and-whisker plot is based on medians, the first step is to organize the data in order from smallest to largest.
Step 1: Find the median: .
Step 2: Find the lower median.
The lower median is the median of the lower half of the data. It is also called the lower quartile or .
Step 3: Find the upper median.
The upper median is the median of the upper half of the data. It is also called the upper quartile or .
Step 4: Draw the box plot. The numbers needed to construct a box-and-whisker plot are called the five-number summary.
The five-number summary are: the minimum value, , the median, , and the maximum value.
The three medians divide the data into four equal parts. In other words:
- One-quarter of the data values are located between 6 and 9.
- One-quarter of the data values are located between 9 and 13.
- One-quarter of the data values are located between 13 and 15.
- One-quarter of the data values are located between 15 and 21.
From its whiskers, any outliers (unusual data values that can be either low or high) can be easily seen on a box-and-whisker plot. An outlier would create a whisker that would be very long.
Each whisker contains 25% of the data and the remaining 50% of the data is contained within the box. It is easy to see the range of the values as well as how these values are distributed around the middle value. The smaller the box, the more consistent the data values are with the median of the data.
Example B
After one month of growing, the heights of 24 parsley seed plants were measured and recorded. The measurements (in inches) are given here: 6, 22, 11, 25, 16, 26, 28, 37, 37, 38, 33, 40, 34, 39, 23, 11, 48, 49, 8, 26, 18, 17, 27, 14.
Construct a box-and-whisker plot to represent the data.
To begin, organize your data in ascending order. There is an even number of data values so the median will be the mean of the two middle values. . The median of the lower quartile is the number between the 6th and 7th positions, which is the average of 16 and 17, or 16.5. The median of the upper quartile is also the number between the 6th and 7th positions, which is the average of 37 and 37, or 37. The smallest number is 6, and the largest number is 49.
Creating Box-and-Whisker Plots Using a Graphing Calculator
The TI-83 can also be used to create a box-and-whisker plot. The five-number summary values can be determined by using the trace function of the calculator.
Example C
'Make a histogram of the data from the previous example on your calculator.
Enter the data into .
Change the [STATPLOT] to a box plot instead of a histogram.
Box-and-whisker plots are useful when comparing multiple sets of data. The graphs are plotted, one above the other, to visualize the median comparisons.
Video Review
Guided Practice
Using the data from the previous Concept, determine whether the additive improved the gas mileage.
|Regular Gasoline
|Premium Gasoline
|Smallest #
|Largest #
From the above box-and-whisker plots, where the blue one represents the regular gasoline and the yellow one the premium gasoline, it is safe to say that the additive in the premium gasoline definitely increases the mileage. However, the value of 500 seems to be an outlier.
Sample explanations for some of the practice exercises below are available by viewing the following video. Note that there is not always a match between the number of the practice exercise in the video and the number of the practice exercise listed in the following exercise set. However, the practice exercise is the same in both. CK-12 Basic Algebra: Box-and-Whisker Plots (13:14)
- Describe a five-number summary.
- What is the purpose of a box-and-whisker plot? When it is useful?
- What are some disadvantages to representing data with a box-and-whisker plot?
- The following is the data that represents the amount of money that males spent on prom night. Construct a box-and-whisker graph to represent the data.
- Forty students took a college algebra entrance test and the results are summarized in the box-and-whisker plot below. How many students would be allowed to enroll in the class if the pass mark were set at:
- 65 %
- 60 %
- Harika is rolling three dice and adding the scores together. She records the total score for 50 rolls, and the scores she gets are shown below. Display the data in a box-and-whisker plot, and find both the range and the inter-quartile range. 9, 10, 12, 13, 10, 14, 8, 10, 12, 6, 8, 11, 12, 12, 9, 11, 10, 15, 10, 8, 8, 12, 10, 14, 10, 9, 7, 5, 11, 15, 8, 9, 17, 12, 12, 13, 7, 14, 6, 17, 11, 15, 10, 13, 9, 7, 12, 13, 10, 12
- The box-and-whisker plots below represent the times taken by a school class to complete a 150-yard obstacle course. The times have been separated into boys and girls. The boys and the girls both think that they did best. Determine the five-number summary for both the boys and the girls and give a convincing argument for each of them.
- Draw a box-and-whisker plot for the following unordered data. 49, 57, 53, 54, 49, 67, 51, 57, 56, 59, 57, 50, 49, 52, 53, 50, 58
- A simulation of a large number of runs of rolling three dice and adding the numbers results in the following five-number summary: 3, 8, 10.5, 13, 18. Make a box-and-whisker plot for the data.
- The box-and-whisker plots below represent the percentage of people living below the poverty line by county in both Texas and California. Determine the five-number summary for each state, and comment on the spread of each distribution.
- The five-number summary for the average daily temperature in Atlantic City, NJ (given in Fahrenheit) is 31, 39, 52, 68, 76. Draw the box-and-whisker plot for this data and use it to determine which of the following would be considered an outlier if it were included in the data.
- January's record-high temperature of
- January's record-low temperature of
- April's record-high temperature of
- The all-time record high of
- In 1887, Albert Michelson and Edward Morley conducted an experiment to determine the speed of light. The data for the first ten runs (five results in each run) is given below. Each value represents how many kilometers per second over 299,000 km/sec were measured. Create a box-and-whisker plot of the data. Be sure to identify outliers and plot them as such. 900, 840, 880, 880, 800, 860, 720, 720, 620, 860, 970, 950, 890, 810, 810, 820, 800, 770, 850, 740, 900, 1070, 930, 850, 950, 980, 980, 880, 960, 940, 960, 940, 880, 800, 850, 880, 760, 740, 750, 760, 890, 840, 780, 810, 760, 810, 790, 810, 820, 850
- Using the following box-and-whisker plot, list three pieces of information you can determine from the graph.
- In a recent survey done at a high school cafeteria, a random selection of males and females were asked how much money they spent each month on school lunches. The following box-and-whisker plots compare the responses of males to those of females. The lower one is the response by males.
- How much money did the middle 50% of each gender spend on school lunches each month?
- What is the significance of the value of $42 for females and $46 for males?
- What conclusions can be drawn from the above plots? Explain.
- Multiple Choice. The following box-and-whisker plot shows final grades last semester. How would you best describe a typical grade in that course? A. Students typically got between 82 and 88. B. Students typically got between 41 and 82. C. Students typically got around 62. D. Students typically got between 58 and 82.
Mixed Review
- Find the mean, median, mode, and range for the following salaries in an office building: 63,450; 45,502; 63,450; 51,769; 63,450; 35,120; 45,502; 63,450; 31,100; 42,216; 49,108; 63,450; 37,904
- Graph .
- Translate into an algebraic sentence: The square root of a number plus six is less than 18.
- Solve for : .
- A fundraiser is selling two types of items: pizzas and cookie dough. The club earns $5 for each pizza sold and $4 for each container of cookie dough. They want to earn more than $550.
- Write this situation as an inequality.
- Give four combinations that will make this sentence true.
- Find the equation for a line parallel to containing the point (2, 1).
Notes/Highlights Having trouble? Report an issue.
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Family: Tyrannidae, Tyrant Flycatchers view all from this family
Description ADULT Has a strikingly marked head with black stripe through eye and broad white supercilium bordering the black crown, which has a partially concealed orange-yellow central patch usually partly hidden, except when agitated or displaying. Back is brown and wings and tail are rufous. Throat is white and underparts are otherwise bright yellow. JUVENILE Similar, but with duller colors and no central crown patch.
Dimensions Length: 10 1/2" (27 cm)
Habitat Fairly common resident in southern Texas, favoring a range of open to lightly wooded habitats, including parks and gardens.
Observation Tips Easy to see within range and often first detected by its call.
Range Texas
Voice Utters a loud, piercing kis-kadee.
Discussion Colorful and exotic-looking Texas specialty. Has a proportionately bulky body and large head with a relatively long, powerful bill. Usually perches conspicuously and announces its presence with its onomatopoeic call. Feeds mainly on large insects; flying prey is caught on the wing, but occasionally drops on a variety of terrestrial prey in a shrikelike manner. Sexes are similar.


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Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: FW tank will not clear up!
10-08-2012, 12:11 AM #1Junior Member Guppy
- Join Date
- Oct 2012
- Location
- Kansas
- Posts
- 2
FW tank will not clear up!
I got this new freshwater 30 gallon tank just over a month ago and it is still not clearing up! Over the past month, I've lost about 10 fish in this tank alone. I've done everything by the book, all of my levels are almost perfect! Aside from the barely above average levels of ammonia. I've purchased and applied many ammo lock products, I've dont water changes. I've decreased my feeding amounts. i just can't seem to get it to clear up! The color is eh, just not clear. It's not GREEN, and it's not really WHITE. If I had to decide, I'd say white. Right now i've got 5 glo fish. 3 neon tetras and 1 dojo loach.
I've had 2 cories, one more loach, 3 glofish, 5 neons, 2 snails, and 3 plecos all die on me. Very upsetting since I've done everything by the book and Cannot seem to get it under control. The most "inches" of fish at any given time I've had is about 14 inches. i'm running a filter that came with the 30 gallon tank and I've changed the filter media once a month. 2 changes. And I've applied proper bacteria the first week and then every once in a while! PLZ HELP
As most of the fish you had perish are bottom dwellers it appears you have water parameter issues. What are your exact numbers?
We can help, but only with all the info you can possibly give.
Filtration would help too
I think you have been slightly mis informed, step me thru your filtration cleansing process, please55 Gal- Fluval 305 & Aqua Clear 70;
2 Gold Veil Angels, 1 GBR, 1 Gold Nugget Pleco, and 11 pesky Zebra Danio's.
Please read this article it will clear up a lot of things you may have done incorrectly. If your tank has only been up for a month there still should be no fish in the tank, seeing that there already are you will need to do this;
http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/aqua...ad.php?t=3649255 Gal- Fluval 305 & Aqua Clear 70;
2 Gold Veil Angels, 1 GBR, 1 Gold Nugget Pleco, and 11 pesky Zebra Danio's.
When you remove your filtermedia, you removed all the bacteria that you need to keep your water safe for your fish. As you have replaced the filter media, I would say you are experiancing a bacteria bloom as your tank is now trying to cycle. And just as a FYI, in a cycled tank there is no, "average levels of ammonia". You ammonia should be 0
Many filter manufactures tell you to replace the filter media once a month when (IMO) that is the worst thing you can do for your tank. The filter media in my FW filters have been in use for over 2 years now and I will not be replacing it unless it starts to fall apart. If you post aq pic of your filter or post the brand name and model I'm sure we have help you through this.
Please read the cycling with fish thread below in my sig. It explains how to handle the current situation you are in
You might want to hold off on setting up a marine tank as you had been talking about in the below thread. It's always best to take your time, take it slow, and learn first.
http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/aqua...ad.php?t=98479If you take your time to do the research FIRST, you can successfully set-up and keep ANY type of aquarium with ease.
"Not using a quarantine tank is like playing Russian roulette. Nobody wins the game, some people just get to play longer than others." - Anthony Calfo
Fishless Cycle Cycling with Fish Marine Aquarium Info [URL="http://saltwater.aquaticcommunity.com/"]


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I have created a new project for AIX Porting in sourceforge, as long as I know sf don't provides a prowerpc-aix platform in its compiler farm. Somebody knows how can i get it? I have already done a support request for it
If somebody want to help...wellcomed and thanks.
At the moment we can only compile information like tips&tricks, experiences, documentation, and so on, about AIX Porting.


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Deeplinks Blog posts about File Sharing
Yesterday, the Obama Administration's Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator (IPEC), Victoria Espinel, released the "Joint Strategic Plan on Intellectual Property Enforcement" that Congress ordered up when it created the IPEC position. The plan lays out 33 "enforcement action items" grouped in 6 categories, which are helpfully summarized in a two-page chart. The plan is the result of a months-long public process in which EFF submitted comments.
We've heard from many people who have been distressed to learn that their identity is being sought by the US Copyright Group, which purportedly represents various independent filmmakers, for allegedly having downloaded a movie such as "Far Cry" over BitTorrent. These people may want to contact an attorney in their state or Washington D.C. to discuss their individual circumstances and to decide how to proceed. EFF cannot advise each of these defendants, but we have assembled a list of attorneys who are willing to help advise and possibly represent subpoena targets.
The file-sharing public faces yet another wave of predatory litigation, this time from the so-called US Copyright Group ("USCG"), which is suing BitTorrent users on behalf of various independent filmmakers. The Hollywood Reporter reports that more than 20,000 individuals have been sued, with more suits to come, and the producers of the Oscar-winning The Hurt Locker have also signed up with the USCG to go after BitTorrent users.
Are you an attorney licensed to practice law in the United States? If you are, EFF needs your help to fight spam-igation.
The U.S. Copyright Group has quietly targeted 50,000 Bit Torrent users for legal action in federal court in Washington DC. The defendants, all Does, are accused of having downloaded independent films such as "Far Cry," "Steam Experiment," and "Uncross the Stars" without authorization. U.S. Copyright Group has recently announced that it will also be targeting unauthorized downloaders of the film "Hurt Locker." News reports suggest that the attorneys bringing these suits are not affiliated with any major entertainment companies, but are instead intent on building a lucrative business model built from collecting settlements from the largest possible set of individual defendants.
According to The Hollywood Reporter, a group known as the "U.S. Copyright Group" has quietly targeted 20,000 Bit Torrent users for legal action in federal court in Washington, DC. The targets are accused of having downloaded independent films, including "Steam Experiment," "Far Cry," "Uncross the Stars," "Gray Man" and "Call of the Wild 3D," without authorization. The group plans to target 30,000 more individuals for legal action in the coming months.
This time, the lawyers involved are being explicit about their motivations: it's all about the money. "We're creating a revenue stream and monetizing the equivalent of an alternative distribution channel," said one of the attorneys involved. The cases are taken on a contingency basis, designed so that quick settlements will prove lucrative for both the firm and the copyright owners involved.
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I have a Wacom Bamboo with touch capability. I'm having a hard time using it because I seem to be always hitting the buttons on the side of the pen. Do any of you just disconnect the buttons on the pen itself? Is it still useful without them? Is anyone else having this problem? If so, have any solutions? Any help would be great because I rarely use it because of this issue and I'd really like to get my money's worth on it.
Bamboo And Pen
Started by DiannaC, Jan 25 2011 10:50 AM
1 reply to this topic
Posted 25 January 2011 - 10:50 AM
Posted 25 January 2011 - 10:56 AM
You can change the settings so the pen buttons don't do anything. I find having right click on the bottom button very handy, but you might not. I think it would be better to not have to fight with the pen buttons and use the tablet, than to give up on it altogether. I had a bamboo touch and didn't like it all that much. The regular bamboo seemed better to use for scrapping and now I use the intuos 4 which is great. Try it without the buttons and see if you don't like it better.
A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. ~Author Unknown
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Friday, February 1
All Saints Parish, C.B.S., is having a dinner and dance on Feb. 1 at 6:30 p.m. We will be hosting a three-course meal (roast chicken dinner) to be followed by an adult dance at our parish hall. Music by Mel Strong and the Retro Band. Tickets can be purchased at the parish office by calling 834-4501. There will be ticket draws and a door prize.
Saturday, February 2
There will be a flea market at All Saints Parish Hall, C.B.S., on Feb. 2 from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Admission is $1. Table rental is $15. To rent a table, call the church office 834-4501 or call Barb 834-4795. Soup and sandwiches and moose burgers can be purchased during the flea market. No crafts please.
Sunday, February 3
There will be a flea market at All Saints Parish Hall, C.B.S., on Feb. 2 from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Admission is $1. Table rental is $15. To rent a table, call the church office 834-4501 or call Barb 834-4795. Soup and sandwiches and moose burgers can be purchased during the flea market. No crafts please.
Tuesday, February 5
The Kirk concert series presents the "Newfoundland School" with special guests Sylvie Proulx, guitar professor; Johanna Jabora-Scott, flute professor; Nathan Cook, chamber music professor; Rob Reid, guitar, Greg Bruce, saxophone and Jaakob Palasvirta, organ on Feb. 5 at 8 p.m. at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, 76 Queens Rd. Entrance is by freewill donation; donations are shared between the Newfoundland and Labrador Credit Union Charitable Foundation and The Kirk.
General Listings
Friday, February 1
• St. Mary's Anglican Church, Craigmillar Avenue will be holding a Jigg's dinner on Friday, Feb. 1 at 6 p.m. in the church auditorium. A delicious partridgeberry dessert is included. Tickets are $15 and are available at the church office by calling 579-0039. Come along and bring a friend.
• The Wesley Youth Group will be showing the Disney animated classic movie "Lady and the Tramp" on Feb. 1 starting at 7:30 p.m. at the church (corner of Hamilton Avenue and Patrick Street). Refreshments and snacks will be served. Admission is free. All are welcome.
• The Holy Cross Junior High School Council will be hosting an adult dance at the Knights of Columbus, St Clare's Avenue on Feb. 1 starting at 8 p.m. Tickets $10 each, are available in advance only, at the office of Holy Cross Junior High. Music supplied by Grant Brown's Magical Night's DJ services. All proceeds will go to Holy Cross Junior High.
• There will be a NunatuKavut ("NCC") community meeting this Friday, Feb. 1 to welcome and support NCC youth from all over Labrador who will be gathering near Happy Valley-Goose Bay in protest of the Muskrat Falls project and in defence of their aboriginal rights. The meeting will be held at 8 p.m. at the Labrador Friendship Centre in Happy Valley-Goose Bay. NCC encourages its members to come out to discuss the youth-lead action and get updates on NCC.
Saturday, February 2
• Gail Taylor Benefit on Saturday, Feb. 2 at the Royal Canadian Legion, Kelligrews. Tickets $10 each. There will be an auction and a dance.
• The Club du Samedi offers entertaining and educational activities in French for children aged five to 14. Each Saturday, the club meets between 9 and 11:45 a.m. at the Centre des Grands-Vents. Participants take part in language-based activities, crafts, music, sports and more. The next session will start on Feb. 2. The cost is $100 per child ($85 for ACFSJ members.) For more information, please call 726-4900 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
• Animal Tracks at The Suncor Energy Fluvarium on Saturdays and Sundays at 1:30 p.m. from Feb. 2-24. Every footprint tells a story … what stories are being told around the Fluvarium this winter? Help us find out what critters might be hiding in the woods and explore some mysterious tracking stories.
• Moose Supper on Feb. 2 at St. John the Evangelist Church Hall, Coley's Point at 6 p.m. Tickets are $10 each, and are available from any vestry member or by calling 786-6342.
Sunday, February 3
• Celebration of Candlemas on Sunday, Feb. 3, Mass in French at 5 p.m. Pancake super at 6 p.m. at Theatre Centre Communautaire des Grands-Vents, 65 Ridge Rd., St-John's. Free for ACFSJ's members. For more info: 726-4900, www.acfsj.ca.
Tuesday, February 5
• The board of directors and staff of the Eating Disorder Foundation of NL invite you to attend its fifth annual general meeting at 11 a.m. on Feb. 5 at 31 Peet St., Suite 230. For more information you may contact the EDFNL office at 722-0500 or email@example.com.
• The February meeting of the Avalon Prostate Cancer Support Group will be held at 7:15 p.m. on Feb. 5 at the Elks Club on Carpasion Road. If you or your family have been affected by prostate cancer, or have questions about prostate cancer, you are welcomed to attend. It is hoped to introduce our newly appointed provincial co-ordinator at this meeting.
• The February meeting of the Newfoundland Horticultural Society will be held 8 p.m. on Feb. 5 at St. David's Church Hall, Elizabeth Avenue. Mike Fleming will be doing a video tour of John Gullage's garden. Wonderful prizes will be raffled. A social will follow. Come enjoy a cup of tea, delicious cookies and a chat with fellow gardeners.
Wednesday, February 6
• Bachelor of nursing (collaborative) program and bachelor of nursing (collaborative) program fast-track option information session on Feb. 6 at 7 p.m. Memorial University school of nursing, Room 2956, Health Sciences Centre and western regional school of nursing, third floor, Monaghan Hall, Corner Brook. All high school students, post-secondary students and mature men and women interested in a career in nursing are invited to attend. For further information call 864-6871/6703, 777-6272 or 637-5489.
• Free training being offered on Feb. 8 from 9:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. Understanding Elder Abuse: Practical Skills for Community Volunteers and Service Providers. This training will held in the Holiday Inn (Salon D), 180 Portugal Cove Rd. Lunch is included. Advance registration required. To register call the Seniors Resource Centre-NL at 737-2333 or for more information, go to www.nlnpea.ca/event_postings.
• The City of St. John's is currently receiving applications for the 2013 special events and festivals grant. Applications must be received at the department of corporate services, fourth floor, City Hall, 10 New Gower St., P.O. Box 908, St. John's, N.L., A1C 5M2 on or before Friday, Feb. 8 at 4 p.m. Application forms and guidelines are available online at www.stjohns.ca under "Forms and Applications" in the "Events" section or at the Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Culture at 348 Water St.
• Out of the Darkness Comedy Cabaret Night at the C.L.B. Armoury, Harvey Road on Feb. 8. Doors open at 6:30 p.m. Emceed by Glenn Downey. Performances by Amy House, J.R. Fagan. Music by Gayle Tapper, Bob Rutherford, Neil Rosenberg, Terri Lacey with Friends. Tickets $75 and include a three-course prime rib dinner. Reserved parking available at The Rooms. Tickets available at the C.L.B. 722-1737, Fred's Records 753-9191, by calling 743-1442 or email email@example.com.
• The Newfoundland & Labrador Rose of Tralee Centre is actively seeking young women to represent the province in 2013 in an international celebration of Irish heritage. Want to find out more? Join us for our information night and fundraiser, proudly hosted at the Benevolent Irish Society Hall, 30 Harvey Rd. on Feb. 8 at 8 p.m. Door prizes, 50/50 draw and entertainment throughout the evening. If you are a female between the ages of 18 and 27, born in Ireland, or of Irish origin by virtue of an ancestor having been born in Ireland, Canadian, or have resided in Newfoundland & Labrador for 10 years, unmarried, or never been married, available to travel to Ireland to represent the Province of Newfoundland, full expenses paid or know someone who is, we want to talk to you. Tickets $5, available at the door.
• To cap off its 25th year of contributing to the literary arts in the province, the Writers' Alliance of Newfoundland and Labrador has partnered with the Newfoundland Quarterly to offer a Postcard Story Contest. The winning submission will be published in the Spring 2013 issue of The Newfoundland Quarterly, and its author will also take home a $250 cash prize. The contest is open to all writers in Newfoundland and Labrador who are age 19 and over. The stories must be in English, unpublished and not currently submitted to any other publication or contest. Submissions must be 250 words or less in any genre (narrative or poetry, fiction or nonfiction – anything goes!) and include the word 'twenty-five', or the numeral '25.' Submission deadline is February 8. For full submission details, visit WANL's website at www.wanl.ca.
• T'ai Chi Chih Joy thru movement eight-hour weekend course for new and returning students. Friday evening and Saturday, Feb. 8 and 9 at The Lantern, 35 Barnes Rd., in St. John's. With 20 gentle, easy moves that promote greater vitality and health in body/mind/spirit. For all ages. Can also be done seated. Please pre-register by the Thursday before. For further details please contact Sheila at 579-7863/727-7863 or email@example.com. or visit www.taichichihnl.ca.
• On Saturday, Feb. 9, Newman Sound Men's Choir will don our tuxedos for our sixth annual Love Songs For Seniors. Throughout the day, we will perform free concerts at three seniors' homes to celebrate Valentine's Day. This community outreach program is warmly welcomed each year. For our 40 singers, it's a day-long volunteer commitment to present this lovely and heartwarming event to residents and their families. In lieu of concert tickets, Newman Sound is seeking pledges of any amount to support this performance and our other artistic endeavours throughout the year. Newman Sound is a registered charity and will be issuing tax receipts for amounts of $20 and higher. Performances are scheduled as follows: 11 a.m. — Admirals' Coast Retirement Centre, Kelligrews; 1:30 p.m. — Agnes Pratt Home and 3 p.m. — Caribou Veterans' Pavilion, Miller Centre. www.NewmanSound.ca.
• Book Artist Tara Bryan will teach you how to make pop-up structures that can be used individually or combined to create cards, decorations, book illustrations and more on Feb. 9 and 10 from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. at St. Michael's Printshop, 72 Harbour Dr. Starting with simple cut-on-the-fold pop-ups and moving to more complex assembled movable structures, you will learn the basic techniques for designing your own pop-up images. There will be time to experiment with various papers, adhesives and other materials to hone your skills and play. Bring your own drawings, prints, paintings, magazines — anything on paper that can be cut out — and learn to turn them into 3-D movable images. Cost is $150 materials included.
• Cinéma Jeunesse : Cendrillon (É-U 2012) on Saturday, Feb. 9 at 2 p.m. at the Theatre in the Centre des Grands-Vents. 65 Ridge Rd. Free for members upon presentation of the membership cards ($2 for non-members.) Free popcorn. For more info: 726-4900, www.acfsj.ca.
• Valentine's dinner and dance at St. Lawrence Parish Hall, Portugal Cove on Feb. 9 at 6:30 p.m. Hot roast beef dinner, $25 per person. Tickets pre-sold only, call 895-2215 or 895-6424.
• NL Moves February — Butoh inspired movement with Lisa Porter on Sunday, Feb. 10 from 2-4 p.m. at Vanda Maunder Dance Studio, 59 Farm Rd., Brigus. For more information email DanceNL at email@example.com.
• On Sunday, Feb. 10, the Wesley Male Choir will host the Salvation Army Citadel Corps, led by Majors Brian and Valerie Wheeler, including the band led by Jim Moulton and songsters led by Leah Antle, for a worship service at Wesley. The service will start at 6:50 p.m. and refreshments will be served after the service. All are welcome to attend.
• St. Michael's Men's Association will host a Jigg's dinner with pancakes for dessert on Monday, Feb. 11 at the St. John's Shrine Club, Topsail Road at 6:30 p.m. To book tickets call 579-8279 or 437-6654. Tickets are $15. Tickets are limited so please call early to avoid disappointment.
• From Garden to Campus Brown Bag Series from 1-2 p.m. on Feb. 12 at The Landing, UC-3018, MUN St. John's Campus. Admission: $5 per person. Free for MUN Students (voluntary donations gratefully accepted). All proceeds help support the MUN Botanical Garden education program. Upcoming sessions: Gardening for Bees and Butterflies on March 7 and Growing From Seed on April 4. Registration is not required. For more information call the Botanical Garden at 864-8590 or visit the Garden's website at www.mun.ca/botgarden.
• Pancake supper at St. Lawrence Parish Hall Portugal Cove on Feb. 12 from 5-6:30 p.m. Pancakes, sausages, tea, coffee, $6 per person. Tickets pre-sold only, call 895-2215 or 895-2263.
• The ACW of St. John the Evangelist, Topsail will hold their Shrove Tuesday supper consisting of baked ham, potato and vegetables with pancake dessert, tea or coffee on Feb. 12 in the Parish Hall at 5:30 p.m. Tickets at $12.50 each and $6 for children under 12 years can be obtained by calling Joan at 834-1914 or Libby at 834-2553. There will also be a card game in the Parish Hall at 8 p.m. Cost is $5. Bring your own cards and baskets. Tea and coffee will be served.
• St. Augustine's parish supper will be held on Feb. 12 at 6 p.m. Supper includes ham, beans and scalloped potatoes with a homemade dessert, cards are to follow. Cost is $10 for supper and $5 for cards (bring your own basket). For tickets please call April at 753-1931. Come along and bring a friend.
• The first meeting of the newly formed St. John's Aboriginal Women's Association will take place on Tuesday, Feb. 12 at 7 p.m. in the St. John's Status of Women Centre, 170 Cashin Ave.
• Coping Series: Toss the Guilt and Catch the Joy, with Helen Martinez on Feb. 12, from 7-9 p.m., at The Lantern, 35 Barnes Rd. Please call 753-8760 or email firstname.lastname@example.com to register.
• A free bereavement session for people who have lost a loved one is being held on Tuesday, Feb. 12 from 7-9 p.m. at the Miller Centre. No registration is required. For further information call Lisa Higgins at 777-8972.
• Strange Terrain Revisited — one day in early 2013, Barbara Rieti was stunned to realize that it had been 30 years since her fieldwork on Newfoundland fairylore — yet it seemed to her that mere weeks had passed. She had been with the fairies, and you can be, too. Come listen to some of her favourite stories on Feb. 12 at 8 p.m. at The Ship, 265 Duckworth St.
• Feb. 13, Memorial presents: Engaging Citizens — The Power of Collaboration in Democracy, from 7:30-9:30 p.m. at the Innovation Hall, Bruneau Centre for Research and Innovation, St. John's Campus (webcast live). A panel of Memorial and international experts will discuss civic engagement in this province and the world. Presentations will be followed by an audience Q and A and reception. All are welcome to attend in person, or watch the live webcast at www.mun.ca/harriscentre. No RSVP needed.
• The next Wessex Society lecture will be held on Wednesday, Feb. 13, at 8 p.m. at the Marine Institute, Ridge Road. Richard Thomas, World Heritage Project Lead, Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve, will speak on the topic: "Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve: A world heritage site in the making?" All are welcome to attend.
• Feb 14, Words in Edgewise 20/20: Public Engagement from 8-10 p.m. at Eastern Edge Gallery. Words in Edgewise 20/20 will challenge some of MUN's best and brightest to fit their public engagement stories into the popular Pecha Kucha format: 20 images x 20 seconds = a frantic, often hilarious, night of short, snappy and engaging talks. Admission is free at the 19+ event. No RSVP needed.
• Theatre Newfoundland Labrador presents its annual Winter Carnival dinner theatre for kids — "Leif the Unlucky" on Saturday, Feb. 16 at the Palace Theatre on Broadway. There are two shows — 1 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. with pizza from Louis Gee's Pizza. Tickets must be purchased in advance and are on sale now until Feb. 14. Please call Cynthia 639-7238 to book.
• Valentine's Day party at Theatre Centre communautaire des Grands-Vents, 65 Ridge Rd., St. John's on Feb. 15 at 7 p.m. For more information: 726-4900, www.acfsj.ca.
• Memorial Ambassador is a competitive volunteer program at Memorial University that allows successful students to get involved on and off campus by attending events such as affinity dinners and presidential awards ceremonies. The students also participate in useful training sessions on topics like networking. The application deadline is Feb. 15. For more information on the program, email email@example.com or visit the Answers front desk in the University Centre, room 3005.
• Powers Court open-mike show at St. Thomas Of Villanova Parish Hall in Manuels, C.B.S. on Feb. 16 at 8 p.m. For more Information call Frank at 834-8196 or Ian at 834-3544.
• The 50th Anniversary Committee is celebrating our parish schools, St. Pius X Girl's and Boy's Schools, on Feb. 17 at 2 p.m. The celebratory service will open in the St. Pius X Church followed by a reception and open house in the Parish Hall and the Elementary School from 2:30-4 p.m. Past administrators, faculty, staff, students and friends of both schools are invited to join us for this event. Come and celebrate, meet old friends, share memories and reminisce about the good old days. There will be a display of photos and memorabilia from both schools. For more information or if you have photos you would like to share contact the parish office at 754-0170 or email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
• The Conception Harbour Heritage Group hosts its monthly open-mike show on the third Sunday of each month and this month's will be held on Feb. 17 at the parish hall next to the Jamie Murphy Memorial. The doors open at 1 p.m. and the excitement starts at 2 p.m.
• Ciné-franco: The Artist (Drama- France-2011) on Feb. 19 at 7 p.m. at the Theatre Centre communautaire des Grands-Vents, 65 Ridge Rd. Free for members upon presentation of the membership cards ($2 for non-members.) For more info: 726-4900, www.acfsj.ca.
• Scrapbooking your Stories workshop at The Rooms on Feb. 19, 26 and March 5 from 2:30-4:30 p.m. How can objects and documents inspire your story? Start scrapbooking your personal history in this three-part hands-on workshop at The Rooms. Hear from experts on journaling, sketching and interviewing while preserving your memories for years to come. This workshop is for adults, costs $60 and pre-registration is required. Cost includes some materials; please bring your own scrapbook. To register, contact visitor services at 757-8090.
• De-Constructing Anger with facilitator Lito Libres, M.A. (Couns. Psych) on Feb. 21 from 7-9 p.m. at St. Teresa's Church. All are welcome. For more information or to register visit www.rcsj.org for online registration or call Sr. Loretta at 579-0168, or email email@example.com.
• Cowan Heights United Church Membership and Spirit Of Newfoundland are having dinner and a show: "Go Duet Yourself" with duets such as "Islands in the Stream" and "I had the Time of My Life" featuring Peter Halley, Shelly Neville and other well known artists from Newfoundland on Feb. 28 at 7 p.m. at the former Masonic Temple on Cathedral Street. Spirit of Newfoundland is kindly donating their time to what is our major fundraiser for the year. The doors open at 6:30 p.m. We will also be having a silent auction. Tickets are $75 per person with a $25 receipt per ticket. Deadline to purchase tickets is Feb. 22. For tickets phone Sharon at 745-4074 or the church office at 745-2871.
• College of the North Atlantic Junior Culinary Team Fundraiser all you can eat brunch buffet on Feb. 24 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Prince Phillip Drive Campus cafeteria. Cost $20 per person. We will only be selling 150 tickets. For tickets please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
• Animal Tracks at The Suncor Energy Fluvarium on Saturdays and Sundays at 1:30 p.m. ongoing to Feb. 24. Every foot print tells a story … what stories are being told around the Fluvarium this winter? Help us find out what critters might be hiding in the woods and explore some mysterious tracking stories.
• The 24th Annual St. John's International Women's Film Festival is now open for submissions. Whether you're a filmmaker or part of a film-related organization, we'd love for you to submit a film or help us get the word out. We accept any and all films directed, written or produced by women. Co-gender productions are also accepted. The 24th annual St. John's International Women's Film Festival will take place from Oct. 22 to Oct. 26. The early bird deadline to submit a film is March 18 and the final deadline is May 20. Submissions will be accepted through Withoutabox or by mail. For more information visit www.womensfilmfestival.com. For a list of accepted formats and to download the required forms go to www.womensfilmfestival.com/submit.
• College of the North Atlantic Journalism Alumni Reunion. Are you a current or past student of the Journalism program at College of the North Atlantic's Stephenville campus? Plans are now underway for a Journalism Alumni Reunion this summer in Stephenville. The organizing committee is looking to get in touch with potential attendees so that we can find out how many people are hoping or planning to attend. The event will take place during the weekend of July 26-28. For more information, please email: email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com.
• The following Grand Concourse trails are groomed and open for winter: C.A. Pippy Park (skiing only,) Quidi Vidi Lake, Mundy Pond, Kenny's Pond, Waterford River, Long Pond. Visit grandconcourse.ca for information.
• Become a volunteer with the Canadian Cancer Society. Have you or someone you know been touched by cancer? Would you like to be part of a growing organization to help others who are affected by cancer? Every Monday evening the cancer society emotional support volunteers hold a social evening for patients staying at the Agnes Cowan Hostel. The volunteers serve a cup of tea and a light snack while offering emotional support to those who attend. If you would like further information on how to become a volunteer please contact Lori Whitten, volunteer co-ordinator, at 757-8533 or firstname.lastname@example.com
• Alive with yoga invites you to move your body and free your spirit with this new session of yoga. Whether you're beginning or experienced, the schedule provides many choices, for all ages, a.m. and p.m. classes, gentle and meditation. Kripalu Yoga, recognizes every body is different, it views postures as tools to release chronic tension, stretch and strengthen the body and increase self-awareness, postures are modified to meet individual needs. Gentle beginner yoga, Fridays at 11 a.m. Classes taught by Judy Power, certified Kripalu Yoga and holistic health educator, www.alivewithyoga.ca or 754-2425.
• Valentine's chocolate roses fundraiser. Heavenly Creatures will be selling Hershey's Kisses' roses to raise funds for the animals in our care. Roses are just $1 each. Pre-ordered roses can be picked up from a volunteer's home in St. John's, or if necessary, delivery can be arranged to the purchaser if it's in St. John's or Mount Pearl if you order 12 roses or more. We are not able to deliver roses from the purchaser to their family or friends. Payment for delivery is COD or can be emailed in advance to email@example.com. To place your order or to find our where to purchase roses, call Ashley at 576-0440/682-8487 or email email@example.com.
• The Autism Society of Newfoundland and Labrador, South and Central Chapter are excited to offer new recreational therapy programs this winter. We are offering: early intervention music groups for children with autism spectrum disorder ages two to five. Interactive music groups for individuals with autism spectrum disorder ages five to adult. We are also offering one-to-one sessions if individuals are interested. If you or anyone you know is interested in these groups please contact Kimberly-Ann McDonald, regional program co-ordinator for the Autism Society, at 489-4190 or email firstname.lastname@example.com or visit www.asnl.ca. Registration now open.
• Bowling every Thursday from 6-8 p.m. at Plaza Bowl and badminton every Tuesday at 6:30 p.m. at the Centre communautaire des Grands-Vents Gymnasium. For more information call 726-4900 or visit www.acfsj.ca.
• Big Fun for Little people is back at The Rooms. Our tots' program — especially designed for two- to four-year-olds — features stories, songs, puppet shows, games and crafts that will be big fun for you and your little one. After the program, head upstairs to The Rooms Café for a complimentary tea or coffee for yourself. The tots' program takes place every Tuesday at 10:30 a.m.
• Are you a family or friend caregiver? Caregiver conversations are held the third Monday of every month. For information or to register phone Paula at 726-2370.
• The Kiwanis Annual Music Festival 2013 runs from Feb. 17-28. We desperately need volunteers for the following: for the full two-week event: floor marshals, ticket sellers and ushers. Contact 579-1523 or email firstname.lastname@example.com. The festival office is at 90 O'Leary Ave.


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|Number of Buses
|Starting Fare
|Time Taken
|13:30 hrs
|Total Operators
The journey from Jamkhambhalia to Surat is smoothly covered by a bus in 13:30 hours. The time to travel is dependant on India's traffic, roads and climatic conditions.There are operators running their buses between Jamkhambhalia to Surat bringing necessary travel convenience for several people in India. Usually, 1 buses are plying from Jamkhambhalia to Surat. All buses are driven by proficient drivers ensuring safety during journey
If you are also looking for return checkout, please ensure to check Surat to Jamkhambhalia Bus.
A number of prominent operators ply buses from Jamkhambhalia to Surat ensuring punctuality and safety for its passengers. Major operators offering disparate kinds of bus services are :
Most of the buses pass through various boarding terminals in the route, a few of the many popular points are :
Most of the buses stop at several drop points in the route, a few of the many popular ones are :
Various types of buses serve from Jamkhambhalia to Surat, ensuring safety and comfort for travellers, a few buses services are :
You can now book route tickets from Jamkhambhalia to Surat at redBus.in. Apply time to time redBus offers on online bus ticket booking. Save some money and memories too! Booked your bus ticket to Surat? Now get upto 80% off* on hotels in Surat. Use your bus ticket number as offer code!
Surat formerly known as Suryapur, is a beautiful city of Gujarat. Surat is an important economic hub of Gujarat and is widely renowned for its textile and diamond polishing industry, which has rightfully earned the region the title of the 'Diamond Capital of the World', 'Manchester Textile city of India'. Surat is an interesting place visit with narrow streets and historical monuments greeting tourists to old Surat and modern establishment offering a glimpse of the region's development. There are quite a few interesting tourist attractions present in the region, like the Surat Castle, Dutch Garden, Dumas Beach, Chintamani Jain Temple, Diamond market and much more.


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Attempts to put my known, good sketch in the Uno don't change it. However, the "blink" sketch does load and run fine.
I'll have to recreate my code and try uploading that.
Thanks guys. I'm guessing the answer is "no", for being able to somehow determine what sketch is loaded in the R3.
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What combine you were watching because on NFL Network Deion was drooling all over PP7. When PP7 ran that 4.3 40 time Deion was in love with PP7. Deion was even giving him tips about playing safety when his weight might be a problem.
Sanders couldn't cover PP7, and PP7 can hit like a linebacker. Sanders mouth carried him further than his on the field talent did. Probably gave up as many long TD's as he made, because he was out for one person.
still can't believe Les only let PP return kicks one season
Les has been quoted as saying the same thing
Holliday returned kicks prior to Peterson, and he was one hell of a return man. See the Ole Miss game for evidence.
quote:When you can walk the walk...
He stands there and runs his mouth.
Yeah, I guess we just had to settle for some guy named "Trindon Holliday" to return kicks...
As for Sanders, he is probably the best cover CB ever, but he couldn't/wouldn't tackle anyone, and that comment has been attributed to more than one NFL analyst over the yrs.
quote:Who's better?
You can't be the best ever if you can't/won't tackle.
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Universal Fit
Kanen KM-92 Wooden In-Ear
" Was generally attracted to these headphones by the wooden look and the odd buds at the end. Fifteen minutes later I was fairly shocked at the big package I got in such a small one. While these are great for portability, they are annoying when they get tangles (but that happens to all of them unless they are self retractable). All in all, great earbuds. " --thatnewguy15
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The same great sound quality and comfort of Plugz but now with a microphone. These noise isolating earbuds offer a high definition microphone and are compatible with iPhone and Blackberry.


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For more information or questions about any of the member benefit
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ITSM/ITIL v3 Foundation Certification
This hands-on, instructor-led, ITSM Version 3 Foundation certification training program introduces the participant to the fundamentals of IT Service Management as described in version 3 of the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL). Accredited by ISEB, the course helps participants prepare for the certification exam along with acquiring valuable insights from instructors who have managed IT operations and ITSM programs. This is a three-day course consisting of lecture and lab.
At the completion of this course, the student will have worked with the following topics:
- ITIL Concepts
- Continuous Service Improvement
- Service Operation
- Service Transition
- Service Design
- Open itSM Solutions
- Review Program
- Self-Study, Exam preparation
Industry certifications included.
Who should Attend:
This course is appropriate for senior IT and business executives, IT management and staff, consultants, project managers and others interested in learning about IT Service Management.
The Business & Community Institute
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Phone: (517) 483-1857
Additional contact information »


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2-Drawer Outdoor Refrigerator
Description & Highlights
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6.3: Periodic Trends
Lesson Objectives
- Learn the periodic trends for atomic radius.
- Know the relationship between group number and valence electrons.
- Describe how ions are formed.
- Learn the periodic trends for ionization energy.
- Explain how multiple ionization energies are related to noble gas electron configurations.
- Describe electron affinity.
- Predict the effect that ion formation has on the size of an atom.
- Learn the periodic trends for electronegativity.
Lesson Vocabulary
- anion
- atomic radius
- cation
- electron affinity
- electronegativity
- ion
- ionization energy
So far, you have learned that the elements are arranged in the periodic table according to their atomic number, and elements in vertical groups share similar electron configurations and chemical properties. In this lesson, we will explore various measurable properties of the elements and how their variation is related to the position of each element on the periodic table. Specifically, we will examine trends within periods and groups. A trend is a general increase or decrease in a particular measurable quantity. For example, as the calendar moves from August to December in the northern hemisphere, the trend is for the average daily temperature to decrease. That doesn't mean that the temperature drops every single day, just that the overall direction is generally downward.
Atomic Radius
One way to define the size of an atom might be to determine the distance from the nucleus to the edge of its electron cloud. However, orbital boundaries are fuzzy, and this distance can vary depending on the conditions under which it is measured. A value that is less variable and easier to measure is the distance between the nuclei of atoms that are bonded together. The atomic radius is defined as one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together (Figure below).
The atomic radius (r) of an atom can be defined as one half the distance (d) between two nuclei in a diatomic molecule.
Atomic radii have been measured for most elements, some of which are shown in Figure below. They are commonly reported in units of picometers (recall that 1 pm = 10-12 m). As an example, the internuclear distance between the two hydrogen atoms in an H2 molecule is measured to be 74 pm. Therefore, the atomic radius of a hydrogen atom is 74/2 = 37 pm.
Atomic radii of the representative elements measured in picometers.
Periodic Trend
As you can see from Figure above, atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period, although there are some small exceptions to this trend, such as the relative radii of oxygen and nitrogen. Within a period, protons are added to the nucleus as electrons are being added to the same principal energy level. These electrons are gradually pulled closer to the nucleus because of its increased positive charge. Since the force of attraction between the nuclei and electrons increases, the size of the atoms decreases. The effect lessens as one moves further to the right in a period because of electron-electron repulsions that would otherwise cause the atom's size to increase.
Group Trend
As Figure above shows, the atomic radius of atoms generally increases from top to bottom within a group. As the atomic number increases down a group, there is again an increase in the positive nuclear charge. However, there is also an increase in the number of occupied principal energy levels. Higher principal energy levels consist of orbitals that are larger in size than the orbitals from lower energy levels. This effect outweighs the increase in nuclear charge, so atomic radius increases down a group.
Figure below shows a graph of atomic radius plotted versus atomic number. Each successive period is shown in a different color. You can see that as the atomic number increases within a period, the atomic radius decreases. However, there is a sudden increase in size whenever a new principal energy level is first occupied by electrons.
Graph of atomic radii plotted against atomic number.
Valence Electrons
We have previously defined the valence electrons as those in the outermost occupied principal energy level. Since the d and f sublevels do not fill until electrons are placed into orbitals from a higher principal energy level, valence electrons will always be in either s or p sublevels. As a result, the maximum number of valence electrons for an atom in its ground state is eight. Table below shows the relationship between valence electrons and group number for the representative elements.
|Group Number
|Outer Electron Configuration
|Number of Valence Electrons
You can see that the number of valence electrons and the outer electron configuration is constant within a group. This is the reason why elements within a group share similar chemical properties.
These concepts are expanded upon in the following video lecture:
- Valence Electrons (15:23) at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TZA171yxY4
Forming Ions
Many chemical compounds consist of particles called ions. An ion is an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge. For now, we will only consider monatomic ions, which are single atoms that carry an electrical charge. How do atoms obtain this charge? In theory, there are two possibilities: (1) gaining or losing positively charged protons, or (2) gaining or losing negatively charged electrons. However, the nucleus of an atom is very stable, and the number of protons cannot be changed by chemical reactions. On the other hand, electrons are very capable of movement within an atom. We have already seen this in the form of electron energy level transitions, which are responsible for atomic emission spectra. Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons (Figure below).
When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged, because it now has more protons than electrons. A positively charged ion is called a cation. The charge for a cation is written as a numerical superscript after the chemical symbol, followed by a plus sign. If the ion carries a single unit of charge, the number "1" is assumed and is not written. For example, a sodium atom that loses one electron becomes a sodium ion, which is written as Na+. A magnesium atom that loses two electrons becomes a magnesium ion, which is written as Mg2+. This magnesium ion carries a 2+ charge because it now has two more protons than electrons.
When an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes negatively charged, because it now has more electrons than protons. A negatively charged ion is called an anion. The charge of an anion is written in the same way as the charge of a cation, except a minus sign is used instead of a plus sign. A chlorine atom that gains one electron becomes a chloride ion, which is written as Cl-. Note that the names of monatomic anions end with an "-ide" suffix. A sulfur atom that gains two electrons becomes a sulfide ion, which is written as S2-.
Ionization Energy
To make an electron jump from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, there must be an input of energy. It stands to reason then, that removing the electron from the atom entirely requires even more energy. This is called an ionization process. Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. An equation can be written to illustrate this process for a sodium atom.
- \begin{align*}\text{Na} + \text{energy} \rightarrow \text{Na}^+ + e^-\end{align*}
The equation shows that energy added to a sodium atom results in a sodium ion plus the removed electron (e-). The lost electron is always a valence electron, because the electrons in the outermost principal energy level are furthest from the nucleus. The ionization energies of various elements (Figure below) are influenced by the size of the atom, the nuclear charge, and the electron energy levels. Ionization energies are measured in units of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).
A periodic table showing the first ionization energies of the elements in units of kJ/mol.
Graph of first ionization energy plotted against atomic number.
Period Trend
As can be seen from Figures above and above, the ionization energy of atoms generally increases from left to right across each row of the periodic table. The reason for this increase in ionization energy is the increase in nuclear charge. A nucleus containing more protons has a larger total positive charge, which results in a greater attractive force being applied to each electron. If the valence electrons are held more tightly to the nucleus by this stronger force, they are more difficult to remove, and more ionization energy is required.
Note that there are several exceptions to the general increase in ionization energy across a period. For example, the Group 13 elements B, Al, and Ga have lower ionization energies than the Group 2 elements from the same period (Be, Mg, and Ca). This is an illustration of a concept called electron shielding. Outer electrons are partially shielded from the attractive force of the protons in the nucleus by inner electrons (Figure below).
The interior electron cloud (in green) shields the outer electrons from the full attractive force of the nucleus. A larger shielding effect results in a decrease in ionization energy.
To explain how shielding works, consider a lithium atom, which has three protons and three electrons. Two of its electrons are in the first principal energy level, and its valence electron is in the second. The valence electron is partially shielded from the attractive force of the nucleus by the two inner electrons. Removing that valence electron is easier because of this shielding effect. There is also a shielding effect that occurs between sublevels within the same principal energy level. Specifically, an electron in the s sublevel is capable of shielding electrons in the p sublevel of the same principal energy level. This is because of the spherical shape of the s orbital. The reverse is not true – electrons in p orbitals do not shield electrons in s orbitals from the same principal energy level (Figure below).
The spherical 3s orbital exhibits a shielding effect on the dumbbell-shaped 3p orbital, which is slightly higher in energy. This reduces the ionization energy of a 3p electron compared to that of a 3s electron.
The first electron to be removed from an Al atom is a 3p electron, which is shielded by the two 3s electrons in addition to all the inner core electrons. The electron being removed from a Mg atom is a 3s electron, which is only shielded by the inner core electrons. Since there is a greater degree of electron shielding in the Al atom, it is slightly easier to remove its first valence electron. As a result, its ionization energy is less than that of Mg, despite the fact that the nucleus of the Al atom contains one more proton than the nucleus of the Mg atom.
Another anomaly can be found between Groups 15 and 16. Atoms of Group 16 (O, S, etc.) often have lower ionization energies than atoms of Group 15 (N, P, etc.). This can be explained in terms of Hund's rule. In a nitrogen atom, there are three unpaired electrons in the 2p sublevel. In an oxygen atom, there are four electrons in the 2p sublevel, so one orbital must contain a pair of electrons. One electron from this pair will be removed first during the ionization of an oxygen atom. Since electrons repel each other, it is slightly easier to remove an electron from a doubly occupied orbital than to remove an unpaired electron. Consequently, removing a paired electron from oxygen requires slightly less energy than removing an unpaired electron from the nitrogen atom.
Group Trend
The ionization energies of the representative elements generally decrease from top to bottom within a group. This trend is explained by the increase in size of the atoms within a group. The valence electron that is being removed is further from the nucleus in the case of a larger atom. The attractive force between the valence electron and the nucleus weakens as the distance between them increases, resulting in a lower ionization energy for the larger atoms within a group. Although the nuclear charge is increased for larger atoms, the shielding effect also increases due to the presence of a larger number of inner electrons. This is particularly easy to see in the alkali metals, where the single valence electron is shielded by all of the inner core electrons.
Multiple Ionizations
So far, we have described first ionization energy and its trends for various atoms. However, in many cases, multiple electrons can be removed from an atom. If an atom loses two electrons, it acquires a 2+ charge. If an atom loses three electrons, it acquires a 3+ charge, and so on. The energies required for subsequent ionizations are called the second ionization energy (IE2), the third ionization energy (IE3), and so on. The first six ionization energies are shown for the elements of the first three periods in Table below.
Notice that the second ionization energy of an element is always higher than the first, the third is always higher than the second, and so on. This is because after one ionization, a positively charged ion is formed. At this point, there is a greater overall attractive force on the remaining electrons, because the protons now outnumber the electrons. Removing a second electron is therefore more difficult.
The first ionization energies for the noble gases (He, Ne, Ar) are higher than those of any other element within that period. The noble gases have full outer s and p sublevels, which gives them extra stability and makes them mostly unreactive. The stability of the noble gas electron configuration applies to other elements as well. Consider the element lithium, which has a configuration of 1s22s1. As an alkali metal, its first ionization energy is very low. After it loses its valence electron (the 2s electron), it becomes a lithium ion, Li+, which has an electron configuration of 1s2. This is the electron configuration of the noble gas helium. The second ionization energy of lithium (shaded above) shows an extremely large jump compared to the first because the removal of a second electron requires breaking apart the noble gas electron configuration. The pattern continues across each period of the table. Beryllium shows a large jump after IE2, boron after IE3, and so on.
Watch a video lecture about Ionization Energy (12:13) at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywqg9PorTAw.
Electron Affinity
In most cases, the formation of an anion by the addition of an electron to a neutral atom releases energy. This can be shown for chloride ion formation below:
- \begin{align*}\text{Cl} + e^- \rightarrow \text{Cl}^- + \text{energy}\end{align*}
The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron is called its electron affinity. When energy is released in a chemical reaction or process, that energy is expressed as a negative number. Figure below shows electron affinities in kJ per mole for the representative elements.
Electron affinities (in kJ/mol) for representative elements in the first five periods. Electron affinities are written as negative numbers because energy is being released.
The elements of the halogen group (Group 17) gain electrons most readily, as can be seen from their large negative electron affinities. This means that more energy is released in the formation of a halide ion than for the anions of any other elements. Considering electron configuration, it is easy to see why. The outer configuration of all halogens is ns2np5. The addition of one more electron gives the halide ions the same electron configuration as a noble gas, which we have seen is particularly stable.
Period and group trends for electron affinities are not nearly as regular as those for ionization energy. In general, electron affinities increase (become more negative) from left to right across a period and decrease (become less negative) from top to bottom down a group. However, there are many exceptions.
Ionic Radius
Figure below compares the radii of commonly formed ions to the sizes of their parent atoms for Groups 1, 2, 13, 16 and 17. The atoms are shown in gray. Groups 1, 2, and 13 are metals that lose electrons to form cations, which are shown in green. Groups 16 and 17 are nonmetals that gain electrons to form anions, which are shown in purple.
Atomic and ionic radii of the first five elements in Groups 1, 2, 13, 16, and 17. Atoms are shown in gray. The most common ion for each element is shown in either green (for cations) or purple (for anions).
The removal of electrons always results in a cation that is smaller than the parent atom. This is true for any cation because the remaining electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus, now that the protons outnumber the electrons. Additionally, if all of the valence electrons from a given atom are removed, the resulting ion has one fewer occupied principal energy levels, so the electron cloud that remains is considerably smaller.
The addition of electrons always results in an anion that is larger than the parent atom. More electrons results in greater electron-electron repulsions, and without any additional protons to cancel this effect, the electron cloud spreads out over a larger volume to minimize repulsive interactions.
Period and group trends for ionic radii are similar to the trends for atomic radii for the same basic reasons. Going from left to right across the second period, the cations decrease in size because of greater nuclear charge. Starting in Group 15, a nitrogen atom becomes more stable by gaining three electrons to become a nitride ion, N3-, which has a noble gas electron configuration. The nitride ion is larger than the previous cations, but the anions then decrease in size as we move on to Groups 16 and 17. Both types of ions increase in size from top to bottom within a group due to an increase in the number of occupied principal energy levels.
These concepts are expanded upon in the following video lecture:
- Ion Size (3:04) at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBi8xjMchZc
Valence electrons of both atoms are always involved when those two atoms come together to form a chemical bond. Chemical bonds are the basis for how elements combine with one another to form compounds. When these chemical bonds form, atoms of some elements have a greater ability to attract the valence electrons involved in the bond than other elements. Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons when the atom is part of a compound. Electronegativity differs from electron affinity because electron affinity is a measure of the actual energy released when an atom gains an electron. In contrast, electronegativity is a relative scale, so it is not measured in units of energy. All elements are compared to one another, and the most electronegative element, fluorine, is assigned an electronegativity value of 3.98. Fluorine attracts electrons better than any other element. Figure below shows the electronegativity values of most elements.
The electronegativity scale was developed by Nobel Prize winning American chemist Linus Pauling. The largest electronegativity (3.98) is assigned to fluorine, and all other electronegativity measurements are made relative to that value.
Since metals have few valence electrons, they tend to increase their stability by losing electrons to become cations. Consequently, the electronegativities of metals are generally low. Nonmetals have more valence electrons and increase their stability by gaining electrons to become anions. The electronegativities of nonmetals are generally high.
Electronegativities generally increase from left to right across a period. This is due to an increase in nuclear charge. Alkali metals have the lowest electronegativities, while halogens have the highest. Because most noble gases do not form compounds, they are generally not assigned electronegativity values. Note that there is little variation among the transition metals. Electronegativities generally decrease from top to bottom within a group due to the larger atomic size.
Metallic and Nonmetallic Character
Pure elements with a high metallic character are generally very reactive. Metals tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions, as indicated by their low ionization energies. Within a compound, metal atoms have a relatively low attraction to shared electrons, as indicated by their low electronegativity values. By following the trend summary in Figure below, you can see that the most reactive metals would reside in the lower left portion of the periodic table. The most reactive metal that occurs naturally in reasonable quantities is cesium, which is always found in nature as a compound, never as a free element. It reacts explosively with water and will ignite spontaneously in air. Francium is below cesium in the alkali metal group, but it is so rare that many of its properties have never even been observed.
Nonmetals tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions and have a high attraction to electrons within a compound. The most reactive nonmetals reside in the upper right portion of the periodic table. Since the noble gases are an unusually unreactive group, the element fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal. It is also not found in nature as a free element. Fluorine gas reacts explosively with many other elements and compounds and is considered to be one of the most dangerous known substances.
Summary of periodic trends within periods and groups.
Look at the reactivity of metals in the form of Sumo Wrestlers at http://freezeray.com/flashFiles/ReactivitySumo.htm!
Lesson Summary
- Atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period and increases from top to bottom within a group.
- The number of valence electrons varies from one to eight among the groups of representative elements.
- Metals tend to lose electrons easily to form positively-charged cations, while nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form negatively-charged anions.
- Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron. It generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group.
- Electron affinity is the energy released when an atom gains an electron. Its values are largest (most negative) for elements in the halogen group.
- Cations are smaller than their parent atom, while anions are larger than their parent atom.
- Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction for electrons. It generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group.
- Metallic reactivity is greatest for elements in the lower left area of the periodic table, while nonmetallic reactivity is greatest for elements in the upper right area.
Lesson Review Questions
Reviewing Concepts
- Answer the following:
- How does atomic radius change from left to right across a period? Explain.
- How does atomic radius change from top to bottom within a group? Explain.
- Answer the following:
- How does ionization energy change from left to right across a period? Explain.
- How does ionization energy change from top to bottom within a group? Explain.
- Why is the second ionization energy of an element always larger than the first?
- Why are most electron affinities negative numbers?
- Answer the following:
- Which group of elements has the highest electronegativities?
- Which group of elements has the lowest electronegativities?
- Which element in each pair below has the larger atomic radius?
- K, Na
- S, Cl
- F, Br
- Ba, Cs
- Which equation below shows the second ionization of an alkaline earth metal?
- \begin{align*}\text{Sr} \rightarrow \text{Sr}^+ + e^-\end{align*}
- \begin{align*}\text{Sr}^+ \rightarrow \text{Sr}^{2+} + e^-\end{align*}
- \begin{align*}\text{Cs} \rightarrow \text{Cs}^+ + e^-\end{align*}
- \begin{align*}\text{Cs}^+ \rightarrow \text{Cs}^{2+} + e^-\end{align*}
- Which element in each pair has the higher first ionization energy?
- Mg, P
- Se, O
- Li, Rb
- Ne, N
- Why is the difference between the second and third ionization energies (IE2 and IE3) of calcium so much larger than the difference between its first and second ionization energies?
- Which atom/ion of each pair is larger?
- Na, Na+
- Br, Br−
- Be2+, Ca2+
- Which element in each pair has a higher electronegativity value?
- F, Cl
- Sr, Be
- Al, Na
- The electron affinity of a halogen atom is the energy released by which of the following processes?
- \begin{align*}\text{Cl} \rightarrow \text{Cl}^+ + e^-\end{align*}
- \begin{align*}\text{S} + e^- \rightarrow \text{S}^-\end{align*}
- \begin{align*}\text{Br} + e^- \rightarrow \text{Br}^-\end{align*}
- \begin{align*}\text{Na} \rightarrow \text{Na}^+ + e^-\end{align*}
- Arrange the following elements in order of increasing metallic character: K, Al, Cs, Na.
- Arrange the following elements in order of increasing nonmetallic character: O, P, F, N.
- Explain why the Na2+ ion is very unlikely to form.
Further Reading / Supplemental Links
- Watch a video lecture on various Periodic Table Trends at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMLd-O6PgVs (15:39).
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Blog | Belarus, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Internet, Iran, Myanmar, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Uzbekistan
Most censored nations each distort the Net in own way
One big reason for the Internet's success is its role as a universal standard, interoperable across the world. The data packets that leave your computer in Botswana are the same as those which arrive in Barbados. The same is increasingly true of modern mobile networks. Standards are converging: You can use your phone, access an app, or send a text, wherever you are.


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Additional Baggage
SAA welcomes you to bring as much baggage as you need (up to 3 pieces), but please bear in mind though, once you exceed your carry-on and checked-in baggage limits, additional baggage rates will apply.
Additional baggage will be assessed and must be paid for before boarding. Travellers also have the option of paying the charge for the entire journey or to your point of transfer, if you have a stopover. For those sectors of your journey where SAA is not your carrier, please check with the operating airline for their charges.
Additional Baggage Rates
For international and domestic travel the fees vary according to your destination, see our comprehensive charts to explain the fees. Please take note that the charges quoted below are per piece of baggage.
Baggage Policy
Additional baggage rates will apply for each of the following:
- Each bag exceeding the number of pieces prescribed in the traveller's baggage allowance.
- Each bag exceeding the dimensions of 158cm (calculated as length + width + height), but not exceeding 203cm.
- Each bag exceeding the maximum prescribed weight of 23kg (Economy Class), where applicable, but not exceeding 32kg.
- Multiple excess baggage charges will apply for baggage that violates more than one of the above rules.
Customers are able to check-in a maximum of 3 pieces of excess baggage, above their free baggage allowance. Any additional piece needs to be sent as cargo, at applicable SAA Cargo rates.
There are exceptions for the following routes.
- Between Johannesburg and Sao Paulo a maximum of 10 pieces of baggage, including your free allowance, is allowed.
- Travellers flying between Johannesburg and Lagos, and Johannesburg and Accra, are allowed a maximum of 50 pieces of baggage, including your free allowance.
Baggage Tips
For a detailed outline on SAA's baggage tips click here.