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Web Stories
'Indigenous People's Day' event set for Oct. 13
Posted October 10, 2003; 05:16 p.m.
Native Americans at Princeton will sponsor "Indigenous People's Day 2003: Native Voices Past, Present and Future," on Monday, Oct. 13.
The event will include a dinner discussion at 6:30 p.m. at the International Center in Frist Campus Center. Anyone wishing to attend the dinner, which is open to the University community, should contact Christopher Francis by 5 p.m.
The dinner will be followed at 8 p.m. by readings of Native American poetry, testimonies and stories, as well as a performance by the drum group Silvercloud, in Cafe Vivian.
The event is co-sponsored by the Frist Campus Center, the Undergraduate Student Government Projects Board, the Office of the Dean of Undergraduate Students and the Carl Fields Center for Equality and Cultural Understanding.
Contact: Eric Quinones (609) 258-3601


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Secobarbital is a drug used to treat insomnia. It may also be given before surgery to relieve anxiety. Secobarbital overdose occurs when someone takes too much of this medicine.
This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. If you have an exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or a local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222.
Meballymal overdose; Quinalbarbitone sodium overdose
This list may not be all-inclusive.
Determine the following information:
In the United States, call 1-800-222-1222 to speak with a local poison control center. This hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.
This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Take the container with you to the hospital, if possible.
The health care provider will measure and monitor the patient's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate. The patient may receive:
How well the person does depends on:
Goldfrank LR, ed. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2011.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch)
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2013 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

subset: commoncrawl


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The most common method to speed up relay turn-off (AFAIK) is the zener diode.
Nope, a zener it is indeed. This is a pretty good description of the concept:http://relays.te.com/appnotes/app_pdfs/13c3264.pdf--The Ruggeduino: compatible with Arduino UNO, 24V operation, all I/O's fused and protected
The slowing of the release is small compared with the over all slowness of using a mechanical relay. It is not something that is significant in the context of what the OP is worrying about.
In the same article is written, one can speed up the release time by adding a resistor in serie to the diode. My problem is that I have no clue (and here the article didn't help me) how to calculate this resistor. And due to the fact that I cannot measure this time, I have no possibility to go via trial and error.
....So....if you have an IRF610 rated for 200V, that's not going to be a problem (MOSFET breakdown voltage). I'd worry more about the breakdown voltage of your relay coils. If you can't find that specification I'd say a safe number is the voltage rating of the coil itself under normal operation (18VDC). If you add a 12V-18V zener diode I think you will have a good result....
...A simple low value resistor, say 10 ohms or less will probably be sufficient to minimise hold-up time, but it will be a balance between decay time versus back emf....
...The slowing of the release is small compared with the over all slowness of using a mechanical relay. It is not something that is significant in the context of what the OP is worrying about....
I will try to get now a zener diode 18V to do some tests, and check whether I can see a change to the todays performance.
I will give this one also a trial. Advantage: Probably I have some resistors in the range of 10 Ohms available.
.... Max value of resistor = (((Vds voltage rating of mosfet)/(relay supply voltage)) - 1) * (resistance of relay coil)The higher the resistor, the faster the release time. Do the above calculation, for the highest relay supply voltage you are likely to get in your circuit, and using the resistance of the relay coil you measure when it is cold. Then use a value a bit lower than calculated to allow some margin.....
....A Zener diode is in theory faster, but if you have a 100v mosfet then you would need an 80v Zener diode, which will be hard to find.....
...It may even be safe to omit the kick back diode completely and allow the energy to be absorbed as avalanche energy in the mosfet (effectively, the mosfet itself behaves like a Zener diode), however to know whether this is safe you would need to know the amount of stored energy that is released when the relay opens. [You could use the Arduino to measure this.]....
...However, if you're trying to do water drop photographs, then mechanical relays may be too slow for what you want anyway.
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Binghamton University goes to the mall Saturday
BINGHAMTON, NY -- Binghamton University will offer area residents an opportunity to learn more about the campus and what it has to offer during an event from 11 a.m. - 4 p.m. Saturday, Apr. 30, in the Center Court of the Oakdale Mall in Johnson City.
Displays will highlight areas such as the University's research activities, academic offerings, "green" initiatives, alumni activities and admissions information. The event will also showcase student performing groups as well as a host of activities for children. Drawings for a variety of prizes will be held throughout the afternoon.
For more details, e-mail Diane Greiwe, advocacy communications specialist, at email@example.com.


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In "Decision Time," Editor Brian Lovett shares a scenario from his 20-plus years hunting turkeys. Each hinges on a critical decision. Post what choice you would have made, and then see how things actually turned out.
Conclusion: Thy Buddy's Scouting
When in doubt, you can only trust direct evidence. In this case, that was the gobbling I'd heard from the farm's southeastern timber.
The next morning, I slipped through a stubble field, crossed a creek and sat by a huge pine in the black pre-dawn hours. The gobbler cranked up early but ignored my calls and flew down into the open. I made a nifty move around a wooded point and used terrain to get within 100 yards of the bird, and then yelped him to the gun barrel within minutes.
Oh, and I also heard two birds gobble in the northwestern corner. I guess my friend had been right after all. With a bird in the back of my truck, I didn't mind telling him that.
What decision did you make?
Click here to return to the scenario.
Want more "Decision Time?" Click here!


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Toshi Center Hotel is in the heart of the city's government and business district, Nagatacho, accesible directly from Tokyo, Ginza, Shibuya and Shinjuku
Oakwood Apartments Roppongi Central offers 69 stylish serviced apartments in the heart of Roppongi, Tokyo's famous international center for dining and
Shinjuku Prince Hotel, located in the heart of KABUKICHO district, convenient and exciting location, right in the heart of Shinjuku. Well located for business
Hotel Sunroute Plaza Shinjuku, just few minute walk from Shinjuku Station, conveniently located for both business and leisure travelers, even if you are
Located in a quiet area surrounded by some embassies in the heart of Tokyo downtown. One minute walk from Subway Kojimachi station and 7 minutes walk from
The Hilton Tokyo Bay is located adjacent to the Magical Parks on the Eastern shore of Tokyo Bay, approximately 40 minutes driving distance from Tokyo International
The Shibuya Excel Hotel Tokyu is located at the very heart of Shibuya and ready to set the stage for relaxation or last minute business.
Hotel Monterey Ginza is in the Ginza shopping district, close to the underground subway, and approximately 50 miles from Narita International Airport.
The Hotel Metropolitan Tokyo is an oasis of luxury and comfort in the heart of the bustling international metropolis of Tokyo.Conveniently located adjacent
A perfect retreat in the heart of the business, entertainment and shopping districts, the b akasaka is designed with stylish, yet functionable, rooms.It
Find great deals on quality Toyko, Japan hotels & resorts, or indulge at one of our luxury resorts. Take advantage of the many amenities that can be included with your stay such as in-room internet access, wifi, room service, fitness center, pool, hot tub, steam room, and shuttle services to and from the airport. Browse our Toyko, Japan hotels and resorts and plan your Toyko, Japan vacation today!


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CHF Benefits from 4th Annual TruckVault Cares Initiative
A record-high seven groups, including the AKC Canine Health Foundation, will share in funds and national publicity provided via Scott Linden's Wingshooting USA television series in the 2013 "TruckVault Cares ... for conservation, canines & kids" initiative.
Lead sponsor TruckVault is joined in the effort by co-sponsors Filson, Kent Cartridge, Happy Jack, Webley & Scott, Royal Flush Adventures, Linden's Signature Series dog gear and Pursuit Channel television network. Wingshooting USA viewers are urged to vote online for their favorite group to earn a portion of the $10,000 pot funded by TruckVault and other sponsors. Beneficiary group members are encouraged via print and online efforts to "go viral" and garner even more votes.
Each vote directs funds on a proportional basis so that all organizations receive dollars for their treasury. This year's beneficiary groups include: AKC Canine Health Foundation, Scholastic Shooting Sports Foundation, American Brittany Rescue, Ruffed Grouse Society, National 4H Shooting Sports, International Hunter Education Association, and the U.S. Sportsman's Alliance Foundation Trailblazer Adventure program. Linden said the strong response to the public-awareness aspect of his initiative led him to increase the number of groups from four to the seven competing this year for funds. All receive equal amounts of national television publicity in the form of free TV commercial spots and in-show informational features on Wingshooting USA.
The AKC Canine Health Foundation participated in the 2011 TruckVault Cares initiative and proudly earned over 48 percent of all the votes cast and a donation of over $4,800 to support canine health.
- See more at: http://www.akcchf.org/news-events/ch...fits-from.html
To vote, go to https://www.truckvaultcares.com/
I would encourage all to visit the site daily and to cast your vote. Mine goes to the AKC Canine Health Foundation for the efforts made on behalf of all breeds.


text: I've been self employed my entire adult life, on August 19, 1996 the building my business was located in burned to the ground. I had no business insurance, having been assured all my equipment was covered under the insurance of the business I was renting space from. Come to find out, only $3000 dollars of other vendors equipment was covered, which I had to split with another vendor. After much soul searching I decided to rise up, start over, rebuild from the ashes that contained my livelyhood... Hence, the name Phoenix, from the Greek mythological bird, symbolizing the sign of re-birth, rising out of the ashes or flames.


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Its been a long time since I was a Webelos Den Leader. Last night I was invited to come to a Webelos Den meeting and teach them some things about packing a backpack and the kind of gear they will need for an upcoming camp out.
Each year our district hosts a camp out called Webelos Woods. It is an opportunity for Webelos, their parents and especially their Den leaders to see Boy Scouting. A valuable part of the Webelos to Scout Transition. Troops invite Webelos Dens to camp with them, and during the day the Webelos Scouts see Scouts in action. They get to do hands on activities like fire building, cooking over an open fire, and of course shooting BB Guns.
Well last night I visited a group of first year Webelos. At first I thought, man, these little guys are still Cub Scouts, they are so small and lack focus.
Then, as the meeting went on, I realized that in a few short years they will be working on their Tenderfoot and starting their trail to Eagle.
They were very receptive to my talk and had many questions. I tried to explain to them why we use things we use and why not to use others. As luck would have it there were parents there also to take notes.
Things like not wearing cotton in the winter. Picking a headlamp over a big flashlight. Why your "Slumber party" sleeping bag won't keep you warm in the woods….in October…in Oregon.
I figure that if we want these guys to be good Boy Scouts, we need to start them now. I don't want to rush them, but at least get them thinking about what Scouting is going to look like in a year or two. I think this is helpful for the parents too. They need to know what to expect, for some its a shock, for others a relief.
In a recent post I said that the Tiger Cubs are our life blood. And that is true. Webleos Scouts however are our immediate future. It is important that we maintain relationships with them and assist them in the transition from Cub Scouting to Boy Scouting. Nationally we loose more Scouts in this transition period, so we need to get in front of the Webelos and help them make the choice to stay with Scouting.
Last night I told them the best is yet to come. In a room full of future Eagle Scouts, I saw the next few years of my Troop. And to be honest with you… it's looking good!
Happy Scouting!


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See images from Himawari-8 in the new satellite viewer
This demonstration product is most suitable for people
with fast internet connection and high data allowance.
Low-definition satellite images
Satellite View Selection
12:30 AEST on Wednesday 26 April 2017 | Infrared, greyscale, Australia East
Images from Japan Meteorological Agency satellite Himawari 8 via Bureau of Meteorology.
IDY28000 Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology Bureau National Operations Centre Satellite Notes for 1800UTC Chart on 26 April 2017 Issued at 6:05 am EST Thursday on 27 April 2017 A broad trough extends along coastal Queensland to a low over the Tasman Sea, producing some patchy low level cloud near the QLD coast. A band of active thunderstorms are observed to the distant east of Brisbane, over the Coral Sea. A cold front is moving north along the northeastern New South Wales coast, with only patchy low cloud now associated with this feature over land. The cold front stretches to a broad low pressure centre over the Tasman Sea, with isolated thunderstorms embedded within middle level cloud observed. A tropical low to the north of the Northern Territory is producing widespread thunderstorms, with some high cloud from these storms streaming down over northern Australia. Isolated thunderstorms and areas of middle level cloud over the Gascoyne and Pilbara districts of Western Australia are due to a surface trough. An upper level jetstream is acting to pull some high level cloud over the remaining southern and interior parts of WA.


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Add this mashed potato gratin to your French meal. A tasty side dish created with Progresso® chicken broth and bread crumbs.
"Buy yourself something beautiful. When you present your meal in interesting and unique serving pieces that reflect your own interest and personality, you make even the quietest evening at home feel like a special occasion. Don't worry about matching; just collect things that you love, and use them every chance you get."
© 2017 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


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California's Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan is a strategic plan to reduce the cancer burden in California. It is designed to provide guidance to individuals and organizations spanning health and social disciplines that have a role in affecting cancer control. All aspects of the cancer continuum including primary prevention, early detection and screening, treatment, quality of life, and end of life care are addressed, as well as cross cutting issues such as advocacy, eliminating disparities, research, and surveillance.
California's 2004 Plan has been revised with updated goals and measurable objectives to support continued cancer control efforts through 2015. The revised Plan builds on the hard work and collaborations that have made comprehensive cancer control a success in California.
Click here to download California's Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan, 2011-2015.
Guiding Values of the 2011-2015 Plan
Over the next five years, these values will guide implementation and evaluation efforts as California improves cancer care and control. In order to improve cancer outcomes and minimize disparities, the 2011-2015 Plan was developed to address the following key areas:
A Brief History of California's Cancer Control PlanA Comprehensive Cancer Control Steering Committee was organized and on June 7, 2002, began the process to develop a draft cancer plan for California. The distinguished committee included over 200 diverse representatives from academia, corporations, health care organizations, insurance groups, and institutions, consumer and advocacy groups, and others with an interest in cancer control. The Committee examined the science of cancer control from its practice, funding, and assets, to barriers and gaps in cancer control efforts. After this careful analysis, the Committee identified key strategies and tactics to overcome barriers and produce successful cancer control outcomes. This process resulted in California's first cancer plan, Comprehensive Cancer Control in California, 2004.
Since the release of the 2004 Plan, many organizations and institutions statewide have collaborated to make progress toward achieving the Plan's goals. To read about measurable progress, see California's Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan Progress Report. This report, which was released on October 20, 2009 at our CDOC Stakeholder Conference, summarizes California's progress toward achieving cancer-related goals outlined in the state's Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan.
California's 2004 PlanClick the following links to download an electronic version of California's Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan, 2004:
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Preview figures have arrived. I found two Zam Wesell and one R3-T7 today at Target on Manchester.
Eeth Koth - Walmart on Machester. Again the only one.
Zutton - once again the only one at Toys R' Us in St. Peters.
Happy Hunting!
Preview figures have arrived. I found two Zam Wesell and one R3-T7 today at Target on Manchester.
Eeth Koth - Walmart on Machester. Again the only one.
Zutton - once again the only one at Toys R' Us in St. Peters.
Happy Hunting!
I pulled an unopened case of preview figures off of a skid this morning at Walmart on Manchester. Might not be anything left by now, but for what it's worth....
Anyone find the BoShek wave yet?
The Boshek wave at Walmart on Manchester. Still two of each left.
At-St at Chesterfield Toys R' Us - called and asked for inventory #472552, the guy said they had a few, and offered to hold one for me, which I accepted. When I arrived there were not any others on the shelves, nor were there price codes for them. If you need one, call. They might be keeping them in back until all the FX-7 wave sell off, or April 23rd.
No St. Louis posts for some time. Anyone out there? Anyone find anything recently? Found tonight at Target on Manchester:
Deluxe Anakin - one left
Deluxe Nexu - two left
I have found all the figures except the HAN/chewie/obi-pilot wave, but I am on the hunt.
.....strike me down with all your Hatred!
Have you found Palpatine and Djas(?) yet? If so, where?
I found them about 2 weeks ago at the Kirkwood Walmart, by the time I got there I got the last Palpatine and 2 Puhr's which I have traded 1 already.
.....strike me down with all your Hatred!
Han Solo Endor raid was at the Bridgeton Wal-mart this morning, I did not find Chewie or OB1.
This morning/opening at Wal-Mart (Manchester) found:
Obi-Wan Pilot - 2 on the pegs, both cards in semi-bad shape. I grabbed the best of the two.
Chewbacca - Again, card makes me believe the case took a few blows. Only one though????
Lastly, one Han Solo (which I found last week). I pulled this and the other new OB1 out from the back of the peg and re-hung on the front; I forgot to check to see if this was a "grey waist peg" or whatever it's called. I'm curious if the "grays"are hitting stores now. Hopefully so; increasing rarity of white.
Today at noon I found Han, Chewy and Obi-Wan Pilot at the Kirkwood Wal-Mart. They had at least 2 of each when I left.


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Web Stories
African-American studies lecture on manhood, Nov. 30
Posted November 14, 2000; 12:48 a.m.
Nikol G. Alexander will speak on "'We Shall Have Our Manhood': Black Macho, Black Nationalism, and the Million-Man March," at 4:30 p.m. Nov. 30 in 211 Dickinson Hall.
Alexander is a postdoctoral fellow in African-American studies at the University of Houston. She holds a Ph.D. in political science from Rutgers University and a J.D. from the University of Texas.
This lecture is one of the Works-in-Progress lecture series marking the 30th anniversary of the Program in African-American Studies. For more information, call (609) 258-4270.
Contact: Justin Harmon (609) 258-3601


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A full service dude ranch in Southwest Colorado, offering delicious home-cooked meals, cozy accommodations, horseback riding, fishing, hiking, children's program, shooting sports, swimming, evening programs, plus more AND the friendliest staff around
Tumbling River Ranch is a truly special place for parents and Grandparents to enjoy a one of a kind family vacation. In fact, TRR specializes in multi-generational travel paired with the highest level of service, hospitality and comfort. Come see us
Bar Lazy J Guest Ranch--Colorado's oldest operating guest ranch-- is an all-inclusive western adventure set in a beautiful location along the banks of the Colorado River. Our full range of activities offer unforgettable fun for everyone!
Colorado's Premier Guest Ranch. Unforgettable summer vacations, exceptional elk & deer hunting, private group & corporate retreats, magical holiday destination & winter ski vacations. All complemented by five "spur" service & accommodations.
Luxury guest ranch near Steamboat Springs, CO offering guests distinctive lodging and dining experiences. Relais & Châteaux affiliate since 1986.
We offer a full service guest ranch vacation in the summer months. Tons of fun, all inclusive. Horseback riding, hayride, square dance, music, skeet shooting, fishing, rafting, open air trips, cook outs, camp out, hot springs pool, and more.
For over 85 years DWR, nestled in its own private mountain valley has been providing folks and families from around the world with authentic Western vacations. We offer nothing less than real down home hospitality in a family atmosphere for all ages.
Cherokee Park Ranch is a family owned, all-inclusive guest ranch nestled in the beautiful Colorado Rocky Mountains in Livermore, Colorado. It is the perfect place for everything from your honeymoon, guys or gals getaway, to a family reunion!
A Colorado Guest Ranch offering family oriented vacations, riverside cabins, high country horseback riding, fishing, and elk and mule deer hunts without the high price tag. We are a Non Structured Guest Ranch where YOU plan your own activities.
Working Cattle Ranch. Authentic western experience in the Colorado Rockies. Small number of guests. Open range riding. Natural Horsemanship.
Visit a dude ranch on your vacation. Experience western hospitality and true ranch life by staying at one of our Colorado guest ranches. Discover your inner cowboy (or cowgirl) and learn what it's like to work on a real ranch. Most of our Colorado ranch vacations are all-inclusive and perfect for family vacations and getaways. Horse camps are great learning experiences for children of all ages. Enjoy horseback riding, riding lessons, rodeos, hiking, swimming, fishing, square dancing, cattle drives, wrangling and more on our horse vacations. Browse our Colorado dude ranches and plan your western vacation today!


text: Does anyone have experience or know much about Loyall Puppy Food? Our Yellow Female will be on this when she comes home in a few weeks and trying to do some research as far as keeping her on the Loyall or transitioning to something else like Pro Plan large breed puppy. Any advice?


text: LOL - yup TurboWars. I thought I'd sent that one to all of you linked up with me as friends on MySpace? I use it on my homepage there. It's sort of older now, so I didn't repost it here. But I'm glad you took those honors. It's a really funny film! EPT-1138 had me laughing my ... off!


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I friend a cheap multimeter and it unfortunately just gave me incorrect readings rather than any kind of indication that it was broken.
Y'heard me!
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ACHICA > Kenneth Turner > Magnolia Room Cologne
Click image to zoom -- or click here to enlarge
Magnolia Room Cologne
This product is not available
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UK Delivery: Estimated 26th Sep - 3rd Oct - we'll email you once your items have been dispatched.
Returns: Click Delivery & Returns or check your delivery confirmation.
If you are ordering multiple items, ACHICA aim to send as few deliveries as possible for your convenience – you will only pay one delivery charge.
|Product Information
Volume: 100ml
Elegantly presented in a square based glass bottle with a silver coloured metal lid
Product Code ARCM
|Delivery & Returns
We hope you will be thrilled with your purchases but in the unlikely event that you want to return something, you can find full return instructions on the back of your delivery note or click here


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On October 14, 2009, Microsoft releases its monthly security bulletins. Join us for a brief overview of the technical details of the October security bulletins. We intend to address your concerns in this webcast,
therefore, most of the webcast is devoted to attendees asking questions about the bulletins and getting answers from Microsoft security experts.
Presenters: Christopher Budd, Trustworthy Computing Senior Public Relations Manager, Microsoft Corporation and Adrian Stone, Senior Security Program Manager Lead, Microsoft Corporation
View other sessions from: Security360:
Learn Best Practices to Guide Your Security Strategy
If you have questions or feedback,
contact us.
You can register for this event using your Microsoft account. If you don't already have a Microsoft account, click the Sign up link to create one.
Microsoft Events uses Microsoft accounts,
works with Hotmail, Messenger, Xbox LIVE and other Microsoft services.
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Yes, you can...it's a matter of degree
Columbia College-Patrick Air Force Base offers Associate and bachelor's degrees as well as certificate programs through classroom and online learning.
- Classes are small with a faculty-to-student ratio of 1-to-14 at the Patrick Air Force Base campus.
- Classes are taught by qualified instructors who are practicing professionals. There are no graduate students or teaching assistants.
On-Campus Degrees
Associate Degrees
Bachelor's Degrees
Certificate Programs
- Associate in Arts
- Associate in General Studies
- Associate in Science in Business Administration
- Associate in Science in Computer Information Systems
- Associate in Science in Criminal Justice Administration
Bachelor's Degrees
- Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
- Bachelor of Arts in Criminal Justice Administration
- Bachelor of General Studies
- Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
- Bachelor of Science in Computer Information Systems
- Bachelor of Science in Management Information Systems
Certificate Programs
Online Degrees
The Online Campus offers 28 online degrees and more than 600 classes, which means you can take a class or earn a degree virtually anytime, anywhere. See our online degree offerings.
All degree programs are accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.


text:
I will say that the guy that waits on every turkey to get to 30 yards or less will come home empty handed more times than not.
I've yet to meet the turkey hunter that is perfect in his range estimation every time or in the heat of battle see every small sapling or twig between him and his target.
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Family: Pinaceae, Pine view all from this family
Description Slow-growing, small upright evergreen coniferous tree. Growth varies with site quality. Shrubby occasionally, straight trunk with little taper, scruffy habit, and narrow, pointed crown of short, compact, drooping branches with upturned tips. Bark thin, scaly, grayish brown. Leaves needle-like, 6-15 mm. long, stiff, four-sided, dark bluish green on the upper sides, paler glaucous green below. Cones smallest of spruces, 1.5-4 cm. long and 1–2 cm. broad, spindle-shaped to nearly round, dark purple ripening red-brown, produced in dense clusters in upper crown, opening at maturity but persisting for several years.
Dimensions Height: 6-18 m. (20-60 ft.)
Diameter: 0.1-0.3 m. (4-12 ft.).
Habitat Canyons & valleys, Mountains, Watersides (fresh).
Range Alaska, Great Lakes, Western Canada, Mid-Atlantic, Plains, New England, Eastern Canada.
Discussion Fallen trees (roots are shallow and wide spreading) colloquially called "drunken trees", often associated with thawing of permafrost.


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Posted by Fratastic423 quote: Semantics, you know what i mean. True but that is where it gets blurry to me, hence why I say if the beer is good the drink it.
goose island,
Is this like the stockholm syndrom from writing articles about bud? Lol.
Nope, and if you remember only one of those articles was semi positive. I experienced this dilemma in a bar in DC where I saw a poster for Batch 19, thinking it was local ordered it. Liked it a lot then looked it up and its a Coors product. So I've been debating this topic ever since.
True but that is where it gets blurry to me, hence why I say if the beer is good the drink it.
Lol, i remember us having that conversation. Im just messin with ya.
Yep, it's Miller. Good luck finding that on the bottle or cardboard carrier.
I saw it at Rouse's the other day and was intrigued. I made the correct assumption I guess when I saw that it was getting it's own priority display that it was probably a BMC brand, because they're the only ones that will pay for that.
This is what pisses me off about BMC. They are purposely trying to deceive consumers.
you also have to factor in price. drinking fine craft beers is expensive. for those PJ types who bang down a 12 pack every night, they would go bankrupt drinking craft beer, and drinking 12 DIPA in one night would mean too many hangover leading to no jobby
Deceive them into what exactly? It's not like they are putting Bud Light into a different bottle.
The stranglehold that BMC has on professional sporting venues is a fricking tragedy. There's basically zero chance craft breweries could work their way into MLB ballparks, NFL stadiums and NBA arenas.
come on bro, you think joe 12 pack is going to stop at 3 because there is a higher ABV?
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text:
Your Constitutional Right to Make Up Shit About the Constitution
As such, "the fundamental law of a constitution bears then a logical precedence over the statute or the ordinary law." The Constitution is therefore not just chronologically prior to any basic or positive law, but ontologically prior.
Taking the analysis one step further, it is clear that the law-making body -- the legislature -- cannot claim to be the source of the fundamental law (heretofore Law), but is "itself the artifact or creation of a constitution."
Arkes quotes Locke on the matter, who wrote that a constitution is "antecedent to all positive laws." For the Framers, it was axiomatic that the Constitution "cannot spring then from the positive law," but must be grounded in something deeper, something above, beyond, or prior to the positive law.
Note that none of this touches directly on matters of religion or revelation, or on any legal theory per se. To the contrary, it is simply a reflection of "the canons of propositional logic" (Arkes), or derived "from the nature and reason of the thing" (Hamilton, quoted in Arkes). It is true of necessity, not opinion, consensus, experience, etc., as is the case in any axiom of formal logic.
As we have discussed before, logic alone cannot prove anything with finality, because it has no power to furnish its own premises. This latter requires an unavoidable act of judgment, and there is no mechanism for reducing judgment to logic -- which is why, for example, women are so confusing to the pathetic man who would attempt to fit them into his cramped little logic box.
Women are nonlinear, for starters, and we wouldn't have it any other way. To say that they are intuitional is not to say that they are illogical, but that they possess -- or are possessed by, depending on the time of the month -- a different order of logic, one that can, for example, "see around corners" in a way that bypasses local constraints. Nor does it imply that they lack the other kind of logic, unless they are full blown feminists who have given themselves over to girlish hysteria, like our William.
James Wilson, one of the more brilliant founders and a member of the first Supreme Court, made some interesting remarks in the very first case that came before them. Think of it: there existed "no cases to draw upon as precedents" (Arkes). Therefore, before saying anything, "he found it necessary to speak... about 'the principles of general jurisprudence'" in general, and a philosophy of mind in particular. In so doing, he rejected the "skeptical and illiberal philosophy" that "prevailed in many parts of Europe," regarding it, in the words of Arkes, as "the fount of all forms of relativism in morality and law."
Let us now fast-forward to our post-enlightened, progressive age. In order to impose its statist utopia on the rest of us, the left must not only twist the Constitution to its own ends, but distort the reality upholding it, and without which it is truly just a "piece of paper."
Mainly, it must transform absolute to relative and abolish logic altogether, replacing it with expedience, or just plain will. For the left, where there is a politicized will, there is always a legalistic way to see what it wants to see in the Constitution.
Arkes provides a quintessential example of the latter type of "thinking," courtesy of Justices O'Connor, Kennedy, and Souter in the case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey. It is especially sad to contrast the brilliance of a Hamilton or Madison with these clowns, who reduce the Law to a vulgar exercise in deepaking the chopra, right down to the nub. In defending the constitutional right to a dead baby, they mused on the level of an eighth grade graduation speech that
"At the heart of liberty is the right to define one's own concept of existence, of meaning, of the universe, and of the mystery of human life."
To which the only appropriate response is: could I buy some pot from you?
A nice, if bland, sentiment, to be sure, but what does it have to do with the Constitution? More to the point, does the baby in question get to define his own concept of the mystery of human life? Or is he somehow excluded from the pot party?
We all know how assouls such as Deepak write with such sugary but vacuous rhetorical flourishes in order to conceal what is otherwise empty to the core. We expect this of a sleazy used karma salesman. But of a Supreme Court justice?
The whole passage is beyond irony, and doesn't bear the slightest scrutiny. For example, let us stipulate that a person has the right to define his own existence. Why? What's so special about a person? I mean, dogs don't get to define dogginess. Why do humans have the right to make up shit about themselves?
Easy. Because if we don't have this right, then leftists have no right to make up shit about the Constitution.
Well, that's fine for the justices, but the problem is that in their case, they have the power to impose their shit on the rest of us. Look at me. Every morning I ramble on about the mystery of life. But I would never presume to impose this on anyone else. I just throw it out there. And no, you can't buy any pot from me.
Arkes writes of how these pettifogging mediocrities, "products of the best law schools in the land, affirm the right of a person to make up his own version of the universe." Bueno. "But what of that person himself, the one who was conceded now the right to define his own relation to the universe? Was there any reality or truth attaching to him? And what was there about him that commanded the rest of us to respect these decisions he reached about himself and the universe?"
Indeed, "Why were the rest of us not entitled, in turn, to make him up, or to conceive him in a different way, far more diminished as a bearer of rights?"
Well, we are. We just call him a "fetus" instead of a "baby," and now he has no right to define his own existence. To save him the trouble of linking to it again, I will tell you that reader William has his knickers in a twist over the Virginia legislature's proposed law that will require an ultrasound prior to abortion.
Now, an ultrasound is a routine part of any pregnancy, and I would be willing to bet that Obamacare mandates them for all pregnant women. Indeed, it would be an insult to women, not to mention a danger to the baby, if this service were denied.
Unless the right to decide who is a human being trumps the Law.


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|Pacific Northwest Sea Run Forum No such thing as rainbow trout, only landlocked steelhead
|Topic Review (Newest First)
RE:Speaking of the Clearwater
Doesn't make sense. I can't help but think it's a ploy to cloud the raging hatchery vs. native preservation debate that hangs over the Snake and Clearwater (any upper Columbia drainages).
If you look at rivers like the Cowlitz, they stopped clippin after they built several dams and went to an assumed pure hatchery run. I heard they recently started clipping again because fish were found to reproduce naturally in Newaukum and other tribs. You can't keep unclipped fish in the Cow during certain seasons, or so I have heard (I'll check this out so for now it's just a rumor).
In any case, clipping is specifically aimed toward identification and thus proper understanding and management of the health of native vs. hatchery populations. Stopping this is sure to cause serious problems. Why don't people address the real problems? Deforestation and damming.
Speaking of the Clearwater
The Idaho State DFW is planting unclipped hatchery fish in the Clearwater? Since the wild fish are protected, that must mean the unclipped hatchery fish will be too. Are they hoping the indians will catch them all? That they'll spawn with the wild fish?
Cl)0)0)0 - any opinion on this?
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Results 1 to 4 of 4
03-01-2008, 07:38 PM #1Junior Member Guppy
- Join Date
- Feb 2008
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- 2
I need help w/ picking a species!
I currently have a 30 gallon planted tank and was hoping for some suggestions as to what other animals I could add to it. The tank is cold-water, though here in Orlando it never gets below the AC setting of 72, and has a sand bottom. I currently have one yellow applesnail and 3 hardy goldfish. The goldfish were originally just to cycle the tank, but they didn't die and I had gotten attached by that point. There are lots of river stones and driftwood in the tank for something to hide in as well. I would prefer something that could "earn its keep" by helping to keep the tank clean. Any suggestions you can offer would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!
3 goldfish already indicates a tank that is going to be overstocked as they grow. If anything some of your existing fish need to go. No more additions unfortunately.8 tanks running now:
1x 220 gallon, 2x55 gallon, 1x40 gallon long, 1x29 gallon, 1x20 gallon long, 1x5.5 gallon, 1x2 gallon
Gouramis, barbs, rasboras, plecos, corys, tetras, fancy guppies, swordtails, ottos, rainbow shark, upside-down catfish, snails, and Max and Sparkles the bettas.
09-12-2011, 03:45 AM #3Junior Member Guppy
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- 1
If you are really wanting tank mates I would recommend some cherry shrimp. The cherry shrimp will eat the algae clean the plants and eat the dead plant limbs. Be weary they will breed fairly quickly but only last about 2 years
this thread is three and a half years old.300 gallon mega tank: sailfin pleco, clown loaches, silver dollars, roseline sharks, congo tetras, new world cichlids
125 gallon office tank: Africian cichlids, synodontis catfih
75 gallon community tank: bolivian rams, black skirt tetras, dwarf neon rainbowfish, corys, harlequin rasboras, otos, bristlenose and bulldog plecos, assassin snails, various shrimp
60 gallon goldfish tank: fancy goldfish


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f you don't get this kid some help fast,
my 18 year old nephew decided to come to my house for 6 weeks from denver. the first day he was fine, for the last 3 days he has been very sick i was thinking maybe because of the "cajun" food. he has been in denver for about 12 years, but after talking to my sister it's possible he's detoxing. i did'nt know he had a drug problem. how long can i expect him to be like this? b/c he can't keep anything down. i already told him if he was still sick wed. that he would have to go back b/c i never had to deal with this with my own kids and not dealing with it for him. i feel disrespected b/c if he knew this might happen he should have detoxed before comeing here, or maybe thats why he came to get away from the temptation. i don't know.
the mental part let you do it every day.
You should have had the mental power to know that anything that good can only be done in moderation.
I've done it all too.
Spoken from someone who obviously doesnt suffer from addiction, therefor doesnt know what he is talking aobut
You should feel disrespected OP. I had a family member go through weed detox, it was awful. Prayers sent to the young addict. I think you are right about him trying to run from temptation. Weed is the devil and he will always be a slave to cheetos
so much wrong with that statement.
Spoken from someone who obviously doesnt suffer from addiction, therefor doesnt know what he is talking aobut
I quit cold turkey when I had my heroin OD.
you can also argue that the part of the brain that says "yes' to drugs is strong willed, not weak
Every addict (other than those that were prescribed the drugs and got hooked) has a weak mind.
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St. Croix Legend Xtreme Casting Rod, 6'10", Medium
- Additional freight charge of $5.00 applies.
- This item can only be shipped to U.S. addresses.
High-modulus/high-strain graphite fiber
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Two coats of FLex Coat slow-cure finish
St. Croix Legend Xtreme Casting Rod
St. Croix Legend Xtreme Casting Rods are incredibly light and sensitive, yet have plenty of power when you need it. These rods feature St. Croix's premier SCVI graphite material, a 62,000,000 modulus, high-strain graphite that compliments Legend's core of SCV graphite. The SCV graphite material is itself an extraordinarily high-modulus/high-strain graphite fiber featuring a carbon-matte scrim. It is considered the highest quality all-purpose graphite blank material, and is exclusive to St. Croix.
The Legend Xtreme rods also feature the exclusive Integrated Poly Curve Technology (IPC). IPC eliminates all transitional points in the rod blank, resulting in smoother action, increased strength, and greater sensitivity. Legend Xtreme's Advanced Reinforcing Technology (ART) is a carbon fiber material that adds 10x strength with virtually no increase in blank diameter or weight. ART significantly improves hoop strength of the blank by preventing it from deforming or "ovaling" under severe load, such as a powerful hook set.
These phenomenally sensitive, smooth and light rods feature ultra light and durable REC Recoil guides and a Fuji SiC tip guide with a titanium coated frame. Attach your reel with the Fuji ACS Reel Seat. No detail is overlooked, down to the machined-aluminum wind check, premium grade split grip cork handles, and two coats of FLex Coat slow-cure finish.
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• Handle: 1


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Hey all, it's been more work than I've put into a bird in a long time, but I filled my Ohio Fall tag this morning. After passing 12-15 hens and poults in pursuit of a gobbler and actually missing a gobbler I killed a brute jake this morning. With three days of season left I wasn't being too picky, but I did pick out the best bird i the flock. I have had a really hard time getting birds to work in the last two weeks, but was holding one spot back I new held birds. So this morning I went in a walked right into the roost. I watched as 5 birds flew down away from me (I was 30yards from the roost trees) and was unsure if I was just screwed, but low and behold birds opened up behind me and to my left. I worked birds for an hour and they all started up hill, so I moved around a slip and up hill. Wouldn't you know birds circled right by me and headed down hill. I watched as they went out of sight and made a big loop down hill. I would sit and call then move 75 yards or so, using ravines as cover. Finally on the last ravine I heard the birds below me and slipped to the point just above them (thank goodness for wet leaves) and watched. I could hear them scratching and could not believe I couldn't see a bird, they sounded like they were right on top of me. Finally one walked out just below me and when I saw the gobbler head a slowly swung around and dropped him at 25-30 yards. It was a really nice jake and weighed 15 ponds. It's been a great season as I saw a lot turkeys and deer as well as a Bobcat, black fox squirrel and piebald Buck. The last three weeks have been really frustrating though and I wondered if I hadn't messed up.
Next Saturday it's back to Kentucky and try to fill those tags.


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Attacks on the Press | Afghanistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria
Going it alone: More freelancers means less support, greater danger
Matthieu Aikins probably wouldn't saunter into Afghanistan again in the way he did six years ago.
Attacks on the Press | Afghanistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria
Matthieu Aikins probably wouldn't saunter into Afghanistan again in the way he did six years ago.
New York, October 17, 2013--The Committee to Protect Journalists today reiterated that journalists in Syria face unprecedented risks, after Sky News Arabic reported that it had lost contact this week with its crew operating near Aleppo.
Blog | Afghanistan, Mexico, Security, Somalia, Syria
At any given time over the past two years, as wars raged in Libya and then Syria, and as other conflicts ground on in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, a number of journalists have been held captive by a diverse array of forces, from militants and rebels to criminals and paramilitaries. And at any given time, a small handful of these cases--sometimes one or two, sometimes more--have been purposely kept out of the news media. That is true today.
New York January 11, 2013--Egyptian authorities are continuing a stream of criminal prosecutions against journalists, despite President Mohamed Morsi's recent pledge to allow free speech. At least three more criminal cases proceeded this week, on top of four that CPJ documented earlier this month.
New York, January 2, 2013--The family of U.S. freelance journalist James Foley today publicized the reporter's abduction in Syria on November 22. The family, which had previously asked that the kidnapping not be disclosed, launched a public campaign to seek his release.
Alerts | Bahrain, Libya, Yemen
New York, April 25, 2011--The Committee to Protect Journalists called on Bahraini authorities to disclose the whereabouts of Haidar Mohammed al-Nuaimi, a columnist for daily newspaper Al-Wasat. Roughly 30 uniformed and plainclothes police raided al-Nuaimi's family home in Manama today, dragging him into the street and beating him, local journalists told CPJ.
Alerts | Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen
New York, April 8, 2011--The Committee to Protect Journalists is concerned about the fate of American freelance journalist Matthew VanDyke, who has been missing in Libya since mid-March, according to his family and news reports. He is among 15 reporters either missing or in government custody in Libya.
Do you believe the free flow of information must be protected? Sign the #RightToReport petition and demand that President Obama immediately:
1. Issue a presidential policy directive prohibiting the hacking and surveillance of journalists and media organizations.
2. Limit aggressive prosecutions that ensnare journalists and intimidate whistleblowers.
3. Prevent the harassment of journalists at the U.S. border.
Or click here to see the full petition, and join leading journalists like Christiane Amanpour, The Guardian's Alan Rusbridger, Editor of the AP Kathleen Carroll, and Arianna Huffington in signing on.


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I have a good friend that has a daughter hooked on meth. He has done everything to help her to get off. She has been arrested more then 10 times and her last is the first time she is facing any serious jail time. The longest she has done is 1 month. She was facing 10 years but has worked a plea that once again requires no jail time, but the judge could still give her some. The point is very few people are in jail for drug minor drug offenses. You were either dealing or have such a long history (addict) that it may the only way off.
I disagree on this point, few minor offenders in jail and as you point out your friends daughter (and I can only assume since he is your friend he is a good guy) is HOOKED on meth. Hooked is something that you can and should take personal responcibility for. Hooked can be treated and is a health issue not a legal issue. Stealing to get money for drugs is a legal issue. Doing drugs is a personal issue you must be responcible for
By the way, my friend hopes she gets some time so that it may keep her away from the stuff long enough that she can finally kick it.
That may be one of the funniest statements of all time
I will say it again no matter what substance it is, it's about personal responsibility and that is the difference between and conservative and liberal. A liberal will usually blame the system, the law, society, economic status, lack of treatment or the persons childhood. Most conservatives will put the blame squarely on the individual.
Here you are right and wrong. I agree you must take responcibility for your own actions and that is the point. Laws made by the government place personal responcibility in the hands of law enforcment and not the individual. To make it illegal to have or do drugs is the government taking responcibility for you and trying to keep you from being responcible for yourself. The consequences of drug use are evident and if you truely believed that you must be responcible for yourself you would not need laws to "help" you with that responcibility


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About Genetic Selection
Genetic selection procedures are done either on fetuses, through prenatal screening, or on embryos that are outside a womans body, through Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD).
PGD tests embryos for the presence of genetic sequences linked to a variety of conditions and characteristics. A cell is extracted from an embryo at its eight-cell stage and analyzed. Embryos with the selected characteristics can be implanted in a woman's uterus to develop into a child. The procedure does not appear to affect embryos or fetuses subsequent development, though more follow-up studies of children born after PGD are needed.
Frequently Asked Questions
Arguments Pro & Con
PGD was developed to allow couples at risk of passing on a serious genetic disease to have children not affected by it. Since its introduction in 1990, it has been most widely used to prevent the birth of children with conditions such as Down's syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell, Huntington's chorea, and Cooley's anemia.
However, PGD is increasingly being used for other reasons. These include social sex selection, creating savior siblings who can provide bone marrow or other transplant tissues to sick older siblings, and selecting against embryos with genes correlated with late-onset and non-fatal conditions. Some clinics have even offered the technique for purely cosmetic traits including eye color, hair color, and skin complexion. A newer variation of PGD, called Preimplantation Genetic Haplotyping, allows for many more genes to be tested, and for greater accuracy.
Many disability rights advocates, in particular, have been critical of PGD and prenatal screening. They point out that the definition of "disease" is to some extent subjective. Most support womens right to decide whether or not to have a child at a given time, but are critical of basing this decision on the traits of the particular embryo or fetus.


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Give savory beef stew a Tuscan twist with Italian seasoning, cannellini beans and crushed tomatoes.
If you can't find white kidney beans, red ones will taste just fine.
The Italian seasoning is added at the end to preserve its flavor.
Serve a tossed green salad and hot garlic bread to round out this meal.
© 2017 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


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Pioneer DJE-1500-K Professional DJ In-Ear Headphones
"Over the years I have owned and reviewed a number of IEM's and headphones, being a positive person my reviews generally err on the side of generosity. This IEM forced me to go back through my reviews and adjust my ratings. The overall package and sound of the DJE1500 required it to be separated from everything else or I wouldn't be doing it justice. It is the first 5 star rating I have ever..." --dweaver
Pioneer SE-CX8-T Headphone, Bright Copper
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Pioneer DJE-2000 In Ear Headphones Black
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Draper Tools has over 90 years of service, growth and expansion and offers one of the most complete programmes of hand and power tools available from one source.
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WASHINGTON From January 1, 1999, through October 18, 2000, Republican Party national committees raised $294.9 million and spent $252 million in funds permissible in federal elections. They have outraised their Democratic counterparts by more than 70%. Democratic Party national committees reported $172.7million in receipts and $153.5 million in disbursements.
These "hard dollar" receipts are a modest 6% higher for Republicans than in the previous presidential election cycle (1995-96), and 24% higher for Democratic committees. The Democrats reported a 15% increase in disbursements, while the Republicans spent 7% less than in 1996.
As they entered the last weeks of the campaign, Republican committees had $42.7 million cash-on-hand, while Democratic committees cash totalled $23 million.
In the area of candidate support, Republican national committees have spent three times as much as Democratic national committees. Republicans spent a total of $23.6 million for their candidates, including $1.5 million in direct contributions, $21.6 million in coordinated expenditures*, and $549,400 in independent expenditures. Democrats spent $8.3 million to promote their candidates, with $888,422 in direct contributions, $7.4 million in coordinated expenditures, and $76,745 in independent expenditures.
The largest percentage increases for both parties continue to be in non-federal, or "soft money" (funds raised outside the limitations and prohibitions of the Federal Election Campaign Act). Republicans have raised nearly $211 million, an increase of 74% over the same period in 1995-96, the last presidential cycle, while Democrats raised almost $199 million, a 85% increase. Soft money now represents 42% of all National Republican Party financial activity and 53% of Democratic National Party fundraising.
Much of the activity of national party committees in recent election cycles has shifted toward transfers of funds from the national committees to the various states. In total, the national committees of the Democratic Party transferred $147.2 million to the various states. The national committees of the Republican Party transferred $136.6 million. Hard dollar transfers by the Democrats totaled $40.7 million. Republicans transferred $38 million in hard dollars. Soft money transfers totalled $106.5 million for the Democrats and $98.5 million for the Republicans. These transfers to the states are listed on the last two pages of this release.
Charts attached to this release provide comparable data for five previous election cycles (four cycles for "soft money").
*Coordinated expenditures are monies spent by national and state party committees on general election nominees and are in addition to contributions. They are limited in amount.
Democratic Federal Activity
Republican Federal Activity
Democratic Nonfederal
Republican Nonfederal
Nonfederal Summary 1992-2000
National Party Transfers to States
Congressional Party Committee Transfers to States


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Arriva Sports Stereo Headphones - iPod / MP3 / Shuffle wired headphones
* Headphones iPod, MP3 player headphones * Sports stereo headphones. * Comfortable to wear all day long. * Our design fits like a soft spring. * One size fits all. * Compacts, stores anywhere. * Plugs into any standard 1/8" (3.5mm) headphone jack. * Our discreet design is almost unnoticeable to others. * Utility patent pending.
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ECL751 - Pedagogy in the Globalised Language Classroom
Unit details
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|R Arber
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On-campus students: 3 hours per week.
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ContentThis unit considers the different ways that language is learned, the strategies and goals that define language teaching in the classroom and examines the ways that popular methodologies provide effective methods and techniques for teaching and learning an additional language in classrooms. The course provides an introduction to language teaching methodology including first, second and bilingual language acquisition research and sociocultural theories of language learning; innovative approaches to teaching skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing in an additional language; holistic, communicative, task-based, needs-based approaches; planning lessons and units of work; learning styles and strategies; literacy in an additional language and classroom implications; and materials and resources. Central to the course will be ways of thinking innovatively about pedagogy in contemporary and changing language classrooms.
Reflections which highlight the practical implications of current theory and research submitted in logbook format (totalling 3000 words - 50%); negotiated task that demonstrates and explores the ways that language pedagogy might be strategically applied within a particular educational context in Australia or overseas (3000 words - 50%).
Prescribed textsHarmer, J. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching, 3rd edition, Longman, Harlow, Essex.
Candlin, C. & Mercer, N. 2001. English Language teaching in its social context. Routledge, London.
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November 17, 2011
Moffat County High School presents "Footloose"
Stories this photo appears in:
Strict director, better performance
Heather Dahlberg's strict directing helps Footloose cast
Heather Dahlberg, director of this year's musical, Footloose, chose this specific play for two reasons. Last year's Sound of Music was very traditional. The slow, traditional music made Dahlberg realize a more contemporary musical would be better for the kids this year. The revision of the 80's movie Footloose came out only a couple weeks ago. "I thought we could use that as kind of a marketing tool," Dahlberg said.
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For anyone who's ever wanted to explore an old wreck, maybe this is the next best thing. A new blog has just started up, detailing dive by dive the archaeological expedition at a wreck thought to be HMS Serapis. The Serapis was involved in one of the fiercest ship-to-ship battles of the American Revolution (pictured). On 23 September 1773 she engaged the US warship Bonhomme Richard in the North Sea, just off the coast of Yorkshire. The British had never been beaten in their home waters and called on the Bonhomme Richard to surrender but her captain, John Paul Jones, cried the now-famous words: "I have not yet begun to fight". He lashed the two ships together, which meant the Serapis couldn't aim her cannons at her opponent. The Bonhomme Richard sprayed the Serapis's deck with gunfire, and even though the US ship ended up sinking, Jones won the fight, and the British handed the Serapis over. She later ended up under the command of the French, who were US allies, and she sank off the coast of Madagascar in 1781, in a fire apparently started when a sailor dropped a lantern into a tub of brandy.
A historian and underwater archaeologist called Dick Swete spent years researching the battle and led a project which in 1999 discovered a wreck off Madagascar that's thought to be the Serapis. Unfortunately he died of malaria not long afterwards but the project continues and archaeologists are now exploring the wreck to confirm that it really is the Serapis and record everything they find. The divers are keeping a blog, and Mike Krivior described the first dive on 21 November. The wreck is about 22 metres down, and so far they've found glass bottles, ceramics, cannons, an anchor and copper sheathing around the hull - all in line with what you'd expect on an 18th-century ship. I'm fascinated by archaeology in general but there's something special about wrecks - I think it's because ships generally sink quite suddenly so you get a snapshot of all the details of daily life, one particular moment frozen in time for anything up to thousands of years. I'm looking forward to the next installment from the Serapis.
As promised a while ago, here's a short video I made of Michael Wright demonstrating his reconstruction of the Antikythera mechanism. I'm a journalist not a filmmaker, so please don't judge the quality too harshly! I hope though that this at least gives you a sense of what the Antikythera mechanism was, and what it could do. In all the research I did for Decoding the Heavens, nothing brought this incredible machine to life for me quite like sitting in Michael's workshop, sipping tea while watching those pointers dance gently round the zodiac...
This week's opening of the impressive Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar, has got a whole lot of press attention, with write-ups in the New York Times, Economist and elsewhere. The articles describe how the museum, paid for by the oil wealth of Qatar's ruling family, is housed in an elegant building designed by Chinese-born architect I.M. Pei, and contains a huge collection of exquisite art exhibits, from silk wall hangings to jade jewellery.
But they've all missed what I think is the most exciting exhibit of all: a manuscript by an 11th-century Andalusian engineer called al-Muradi. It is tantalisingly called The Book of Secrets about the Result of Thought, and it doesn't disappoint. In it, al-Muradi describes (and draws) more than 30 machines and devices, including war machines, calendars, the earliest Arabic description of water clocks, and complex mechanical figures called automata. His rugged clocks were driven by fast-moving streams and involved elaborate gear systems, sometimes lubricated by mercury - a feature not seen in Europe until the 13th century. Some included epicyclic gearing, in which small wheels are carried around on larger wheels. This is the earliest known description of such complex gearing apart from the Antikythera mechanism; this is a technique the Arabs may have learned from the Greeks, and then built on (for this reason al-Muradi gets a walk-on mention in Decoding the Heavens).
The Book of Secrets is normally held in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in Florence, but the Italians have lent it to the Qatar museum for a temporary exhibition that lasts until 22 February 2009. The manuscript has been badly defaced, but researchers at Leonardo L3 have spent months studying it using imaging techniques that they have developed to decode Renaissance manuscripts, and have read much more of the Book than has been possible before. They have produced an interactive digital version of the manuscript that is also being displayed in Qatar, along with physical models of two of al-Muradi's machines: The Clock with Three Characters and the excellently-named Fortress Demolisher.
According to Qatar newspaper The Peninsula, other scientific and mathematical manuscripts from the 11th to 15th centuries are also on display in Doha. Scholars from the Islamic world have been responsible for some fundamental scientific and technological advances, as well as preserving much ancient Greek knowledge that would otherwise have been lost. This is too little recognised, and I'm so pleased that the Qatar museum is showcasing Islamic science and technology as well as art.
PS I couldn't find any pictures from the Book of Secrets, so instead here's a picture of a water pump from The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices, written by the engineer al-Jazari in 1206.
Ancient civilisations have left some pretty amazing things for us to remember them by, from Stonehenge to the great pyramids of Egypt. But what will we be remembered for, thousands of years from now? The internet? The space station? The Large Hadron Collider? Not quite. According to a feature article in the December issue of Nature Reports Climate Change, our longest-lasting legacy is likely to be the carbon dioxide that we're pumping into the atmosphere.
According to Mason Inman, who wrote the article, most popular books and articles on climate change don't say much about the lifetime of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, perhaps just saying "a century or more". But a group of climate scientists is now trying to spread the word that it will be much, much longer than that. Here's how University of Chicago oceanographer David Archer puts it in his book The Long Thaw:
"The climatic impacts of releasing fossil fuel CO2 to the atmosphere will last longer than Stonehenge. Longer than time capsules, longer than nuclear waste, far longer than the age of human civilisation so far."
He goes on to say that unless we kick our addiction to fossil fuels now, we could force the Earth out of its regular pattern of freezes and thaws - even delaying the next ice age by half a million years.
That's quite a legacy. But does it matter? Of course any change to the climate can have positive as well as negative effects. Unfortunately the predictions for global warming suggest that the planet won't just get gently warmer. As things heat up, it's likely that weather patterns will get more unstable, with more extreme events such as floods, droughts and storms. So while the greenhouse gases we produce will last, all kinds of other things, from glaciers to species to communities, may not. A friend of mine, science journalist Gaia Vince, is about to set off on a journey around the world, to see for herself how global warming is affecting the planet. She says: "I never saw the dinosaurs, I missed the Mayan civilization - now is a uniquely fascinating time for all sorts of life on Earth and this is a chance to see it. It might be the last chance." She's keeping a blog, called Wandering Gaia, to tell the rest of us about what she finds.
There's a cute paper coming up in the journal Sleep Medicine about how the ancient Greeks and Romans explained dreams. It's by Joseph Barbera - no not the animator, but a sleep scientist based at the University of Toronto. He explains that the predominant view was that they were messages sent from the gods (although given the surreal nature of most dreams I can't imagine how this was anything other than totally confusing!) But this was also the first time that people started thinking about dreams in a more rational, naturalistic way. A philosopher called Democritus (460-370 BC), who came up with the excellent idea that everything in the universe is made up of tiny particles called atoms, thought that everything we perceive was due to fast-moving films of these atoms hitting our sensory organs. He figured that when they bypass the sensory organs and hit the soul directly, we dream.
The great philosopher Plato (427-347 BC) was one of the first to consider a psychological component to dreams. He said: "...in all of us, even the most highly respectable, there is a lawless wild beast nature, which peers out in sleep." In that respect, Plato wasn't so far from Freud's wish-fulfillment theory of dreaming, although Freud thought the wishes expressed in dreams are disguised, whereas Plato saw our desires as being played out more directly.
But out of all ancient scholars that we know about, Aristotle (384-322 BC) came up with the explanation that's closest to our understanding today. For him, dreams had no purpose. He firmly rejected the traditional view that dreams could foretell the future, arguing that if this appeared to happen it was just a coincidence. He saw wakefulness and sleep as characterised by the presence and absence of perception, respectively, and argued that we dream when the mechanism of perception is activated in the absence of external stimulation. He also said that the suspension of judgement in sleep causes us to accept the things we see in dreams as real. Barbera notes that this is supported by modern neuroimaging studies, which have shown that activity of the brain's frontal lobe is suppressed during REM sleep.
When I first started learning about Aristotle, I thought he was overrated. After all, he thought that the Earth was at the centre of the universe - a misconception that sent astronomy down the wrong path for centuries. But the more I read about him, the more I'm in awe of him. He didn't get everything right, but the insights he was able to gain about the world around him, in the absence of all the scientific evidence that we take for granted today, was so impressive. As Barbera points out, scientists weren't able to improve much on Aristotle's theory of dreams until the discovery of REM sleep in the 1950s. In that respect I guess he was further ahead of his time than even the Antikythera mechanism.
[Photo by Bertil Videt.]
More exciting DNA research today - this time it has been used to identify the remains of 16th-century astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
Copernicus is the guy who famously declared (much to the disgust of the Catholic church) that the Earth is not the centre of the universe, as it is orbiting the Sun. Other astronomers had suggested this before him, such as Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek astronomer who lived in the third century BC. But the idea never caught on until Copernicus, and for that reason he's often described as "the father of modern astronomy".
People have apparently been looking for his tomb for a couple of centuries, and the latest search began in 2004, at the request of the local bishop. Scientists figured he was probably buried at Frombork Cathedral in northern Poland, because he served as a priest there. But there were hundreds of sets of remains under the cathedral's floor.
Eventually they found a likely candidate - the bones of a 70-year-old man (this is how old Copernicus was when he died). Forensic reconstruction of the skull showed that the man had a broken nose and a scar above his forehead - both features shown in a self-portrait of Copernicus as an old man. To clinch the case, researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden compared DNA from the skull with that from two strands of hair found inside a book that Copernicus owned (and now kept in a library at Uppsala University). They announced today that the two sets of DNA match.
I'm not sure what's happening to the bones - hopefully they'll be left under the floor so he can continue to rest in peace, though I guess he'll get a lot more visitors now. In his memory, here's a quote about Copernicus written by the all round literary genius Goethe:
"Of all discoveries and opinions, none may have exerted a greater effect on the human spirit than the doctrine of Copernicus. The world had scarcely become known as round and complete in itself when it was asked to waive the tremendous privilege of being the centre of the universe. Never, perhaps, was a greater demand made on mankind - for by this admission so many things vanished in mist and smoke! What became of our Eden, our world of innocence, piety and poetry; the testimony of the senses; the conviction of a poetic - religious faith? No wonder his contemporaries did not wish to let all this go and offered every possible resistance to a doctrine which in its converts authorized and demanded a freedom of view and greatness of thought so far unknown, indeed not even dreamed of."
Hurray, more mammoth news! Just a couple of weeks after scientists reported that it's possible to make clones from frozen corpses - raising the (faint) possibility of resurrecting extinct animals that have been preserved in the permafrost, a paper in Nature today reports the first genome sequence of a mammoth - in fact the first genome sequence of any extinct species.
The DNA comes from two woolly mammoths found frozen in Siberia, which lived 20,000 and 60,000 years ago. Stephan Schuster from Pennsylvania State University and his colleagues extracted DNA from the animals' hair, and were able to sequence 3.3 billion base pairs of DNA.
It's just a draft sequence so far, and only covers around 70% of the entire genome, but the researchers have some interesting results already. First, they estimate that the mammoth genome is about 4.7 billion base pairs long (about half as long again as the human genome). Second, by comparing the sequence to that of modern elephants they found that mammoths were evolving only half as fast as primates do. Third, they found that the mammoth genome differs from that of elephants by as little as 0.6% (that's about half the difference between humans and chimpanzees).
The researchers are particularly interested in identifying which of those differences are responsible for making a mammoth into a mammoth. They've found a few spots in the genome that seem to be unique to mammoths. But they'll need to do more research to prove that these changes really are responsible for particular mammoth characteristics. They also hope to investigate how mammoths adapted to cold climate, and why they became extinct.
Onto the really important question: can we use the genome sequence to bring mammoths back to life? Henry Nicholls (author of Lonesome George, a book about a Galapagos tortoise thought to be the last of his kind) has written a feature in the same issue of Nature about exactly this (though unfortunately you need a subscription to read it). Nicholls explains that to produce a living animal you need to master the following steps: create a virtually error-free genome sequence; synthesise a full set of chromosomes from these sequences; engulf them in a nuclear envelope; transfer that nucleus into an egg that would support it; and get that egg into a womb that would carry it to term.
Rather depressingly, none of these steps is currently possible. But the existence of close living relatives (ie elephants) would make the job a lot easier than for dinosaurs, say. And the science is progressing incredibly fast, even since the film Jurassic Park was released in 1993. Back then, the longest genome that had ever been sequenced was that of a virus. Even less than a decade ago, sequencing a mammalian genome was a years-long, multimillion-dollar project. Now it can be done by a single lab in just a few months.
The next genome sequence we're likely to see from an extinct species is that of our own closest relative, the Neanderthal, and after that maybe the cave bear. Unfortuanately dinosaur genomes (because dinos lived so much longer ago) are still well in the realm of science fiction.
[The image is of a slightly more artistic attempt to bring the mammoth to life - modern cave art by Birgit Hannwacker.]
Google Earth now includes a 3D reconstruction of ancient Rome. It's the first historical city to be added to Google Earth, and contains more than 6,700 buildings.
To create the virtual reality city, Google Earth teamed up with researchers from the Rome Reborn project at the University of Virginia. They have spent years building a digital model of Rome as it appeared in 320 AD. Their starting point was a 1:250 plaster model of the city called Plastico di Roma Antica, which is housed in Rome's Museum of Roman Civilisation.
You can see a tutorial on how to access Google's Rome here. To be honest I found it awkward to use, and not as impressive as it looks in this video. I really love this clip from the Rome Reborn project though, which flies you through the city's eerily empty streets. In 320 AD, Rome was home to a million people, and the capital of the western world. It's just so huge, and so incredibly grand. Of course the poverty that most of the city's inhabitants would have lived in doesn't show up well here. But leaving that to one side, you could almost believe that this was a vision of 1700 years in the future, not 1700 years in the past...
Well, it has been a good week for archaeology. First, researchers excavating the ancient Greek city of Himera in northern Sicily have unearthed the biggest necropolis found so far on the island, which they reckon could contain around 10,000 tombs. Most of the graves date from the 6th and 5th centuries BC, and among other things, researchers have found the skeletons of newborn babies, alongside the Greeks' version of babies' beakers - small terracotta vases complete with spouts. There's also a common grave containing a dozen young male skeletons, presumably soldiers, who had died violently, some with arrows still attached. I love that such significant finds are still emerging, along with such vivid insights into the way these people lived and died. Of course the tomb of Archimedes himself is somewhere on Sicily, still to be discovered. He was killed in 212 BC when the Romans attacked his home city of Syracuse. The Roman politician Cicero tracked the tomb down in 75 BC, and found it covered in brambles and thorns - he recognised it by a sphere and cylinder on top (put there to celebrate Archimedes' proof that the ratio of the volume of a sphere to the volume of the cylinder that contains it is 2:3). There have been plenty of modern attempts to find it, but no one has been able to track it down.
Meanwhile in Egypt they've found a new pyramid. It's the country's 118th so far, and it was buried in the sands at Saqqara (pictured), just south of Cairo. A 5-metre-high square base is all that's left, but when intact it was probably around 15 metres tall. The pyramid is around 4300 years old (makes the Antikythera mechanism seem so young!) and it probably belonged to the mother of King Teti, who was founder of Egypt's 6th Dynasty. Archaeologists hope to enter the burial chamber in the next couple of weeks, but unfortunately tomb raiders almost certainly looted any treasures there centuries ago (unlike the intriguing tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qin, which I wrote about yesterday). The BBC has a nice picture story about the newly-discovered pyramid, while USA Today's version gives more detail.
Finally, this blog post gives an extensive account of a talk given in Salisbury last week by Stonehenge researcher Mike Parker-Pearson. He was filling his audience in on a finding already covered by the BBC last month - that the stones of Stonehenge could be 500 years older than thought. At the site of old stone monument there's also a circle of 56 mysterious holes, called the Aubrey Holes after the guy who discovered them. These seem to be older than the actual megaliths themselves, dating from around 3000 BC, and there have been various theories about what they were for. Now Parker-Pearson has discovered compressed chalk at the bottom of one of them - evidence that it once held a stone. Rather than the huge stones being a late addition to the site, Parker-Pearson thinks it's likely that all of the Aubrey Holes held stones from the time they were dug, with cremated remains being buried under the stones.
From a huge necropolis to a pyramid to Stonehenge - all for honouring the dead. Makes modern-day graveyards look a bit paltry...
They were built for Qin Shihuangdi, known as China's first emperor because he unified the country for the first time; he reigned from 221 to around 210 BC. The story of his terracotta army is world-famous - farmers digging a well in the outskirts of Xi'an in 1974 discovered the life-size figures buried in the ground. Archaeologists have since found around 8000 soldiers in a series of pits, standing in battle-ready formation to guard Qin's tomb.
The stunning thing is how detailed and individual the figures are - they were handmade with varying ages, hairstyles, uniforms and facial expressions. As well as soldiers there are officials, scribes, acrobats, strongmen (presumably Qin thought he would need entertaining as well as defending after his death), and horses with bronze chariots. In 2001 archaeologists discovered a diverted underground river, by which terracotta musicians played to lifesize bronze water birds.
But I think the most intriguing thing about the whole site is the Emperor's tomb itself. It has never been excavated, for fear that exposure to the air would damage the contents, so what's inside is a mystery. However we do have a description of the mausoleum written about a hundred years after Qin's death, by a historian called Sima Qian:
"As soon as the First Emperor became king of Chin [Qin], excavations and building had been started at Mount Li, while after he won the empire more than seven hundred thousand conscripts from all parts of the country worked there. They dug through three subterranean streams and poured molten copper for the outer coffin and the tomb was filled with models of palaces and pavilions and offices as well as fine vessels, precious stones and rarities. Artisans were ordered to fix up cross-bows so that any thief breaking in would be shot. All the country's streams, the Yellow River and the Yangtse were reproduced in quicksilver and by some mechanical means made to flow into a miniature ocean. The heavenly constellations were shown above and the regions of the earth below. The candles were made of whale oil to ensure their burning for the longest possible time."
It sounds like an Indiana Jones movie! Could this incredible description be accurate? Archaeologists have been using radar and other remote sensing techniques to try to glean what's inside. It's hard to get much information about this work, the results tend to come out as short statements from the official Chinese news agency, but I've gathered together what I could find.
There's definitely a huge underground palace inside the burial mound (see the second half of this news story). Qin's tomb is at the bottom, with symmetrical staircases leading down into the tomb, and wooden structures inside it. The tomb also has an effective drainage system, which has stopped groundwater seeping in.
Above this is a 30-metre high pyramid shaped chamber, with stepped walls, which archaeologists think could have been meant as a passageway for the Emperor's soul. Researchers believe there is a huge number of silver and bronze coins inside. And they have found a very high density of mercury in the soil, suggesting that the story about a quicksilver ocean could be true. There are some images here, but the paper is pretty technical.
One option to open the tomb without damaging the contents might be to seal off the whole site with a huge airtight tent. But apparently only one company in the world makes such tents, and they don't make them big enough. In 2007, Chinese archaeologists announced that they have no plans to excavate the tomb to see for sure what's inside.
According to China Daily, the deputy curator of the Terracotta Army, Cao Wei, said: "I would not witness the excavation in my life. In the foreseeable future the mausoleum will maintain the status quo."
I admire him for that. I completely agree that the tomb should not be opened unless researchers are certain that they can protect what's inside. But this is such a tantalising opportunity - unlike virtually all of the Egyptian pyramids, this site does not appear ever to have been ransacked by looters, and the riches and technology inside could be stunning. If I was in charge of the operation I don't know if I would have the patience to accept never knowing what it holds.


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