text: Afghanistan -- An overview: Physical, Cultural, & Political Developed by Joe Naumann From a lesson plan by Steve Pierce North Carolina Geographic Alliance 1 Background Afghanistan has had a long history of internal and external conflicts, including two wars with the United Kingdom in the 1800s and an invasion by the Soviet Union in 1979. Since the Soviets left in 1989, Afghanistan has experienced many internal conflicts over control of the country. 2 A Crossroads and a Buffer State Caught between many neighboring states Crossroads on ancient trade routes Buffer between differing religions Buffer between major powers 3 American interest began when . . Terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York on September 11, 2001 Osama Bin Laden was identified as being the leader of a terrorist organization with headquarters in Afghanistan that planned the attack 4 Background In 1996 a group called the Taliban seized control of most of the country. The Taliban was accused of supporting the terrorists that attacked the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. U.S. and allied military forces began conducting air strikes on Taliban facilities in Afghanistan on October 7, 2001. 5 Political Map 6 Afghanistan in Spatial Terms Absolute Location: 33ºN, 65ºE Relative Location: Landlocked country in southwest Asia Neighbors: North and west of Pakistan; east of Iran; South of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan China shares a border with Afghanistan on the east along the Wakhan Corridor The disputed region of Kashmir lies south of the Wakhan Corridor Area: 251,825 sq. mi. (about size of Texas) 7 Southwest Asia Map 8 Places & Regions Afghanistan lies at the crossroads of three major regions. South Asia - Pakistan and India lie to the east Southwest Asia/Middle East - Iran, Iraq, and the Persian gulf lie to the west. Central Asia - five republics of the former Soviet Union lie to the north: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgystsan, and Kazakstan. 9 Kashmir Kashmir, a region occupied by Pakistan and India, lies south of the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan. This disputed territory is the scene of sporadic fighting between the armies of Pakistan and India. China also occupies a part of Kashmir. 10 11 12 Physical Systems Afghanistan has a wide variety of natural features including high mountains, large areas of desert and plains, and fertile valleys. The country has three main land regions The Northern Plains is the northernmost region in Afghanistan. The Central Highlands cover about two-thirds of the country. This region includes the Hindu Kush. Most of the people of Afghanistan live in the narrow valleys of the Hindu Kush. The Southwestern Lowlands mainly consist of deserts or semi-deserts. 13 Rugged Terrain Mountains in Afghanistan Hills and river valley in Afghanistan 14 A Harsh, Difficult Place to Live Barren highlands & valley in the background (above) Raising sheep in a barren land (left) 15 Climate Afghanistan has a harsh continental climate. Harsh winters are accentuated by high elevation. Summers are warm, except at the highest elevations. Much of the country is arid or semi- arid. Precipitation is light, falling mostly in the spring and winter. Almost no precipitation falls from June to October. 16 Generalized Climate Zones Only about 12% of the land is arable. 17 Dry as well as Cold Climate in Afghanistan Southern desert above Village in arid valley 18 More Climate The climate graphs show the pattern of temperature and precipitation. January lows in Kabul can reach in the teens, while July highs can reach the low 90's. In the south average high temperatures can reach the low hundreds in the summer. Precipitation ranges from about 13 inches per year in Kabul, and about 6 inches in Kandahar in the south 19 20 Climate Graphs 21 Harsh Winter Nearly half of Afghanistan has 100 or more days of snow cover per year 22 Inaccessible in the winter 23 Drought 2001 Drought, the other side of harsh – moderate to severe all over the country 24 Human Systems Most people live in rural areas - only 20% of the population is urban. Most live in fertile river valleys between high ridges that separate them. This leads to a fragmentation of the population and identification with tribe rather than nation. Pashtun - 38% Tajik - 25 % Hazara - 19% other groups - 12% Uzbeks - 6% 25 Simplified Ethnic Map 26 DIVERSITY: Child of Koochi nomad tribe 27 Kunduz Nomads Twenty years of fighting have made life difficult for the nomadic pastoral tribes in Afghanistan 28 Traditional village Gumbazee village built with no wood 29 Languages and Religion The major languages spoken in the country are: Dari (Afghan Persian) - 50% Pashtun - 35% Turkic languages - 11% Islam is the predominant religion 84 % are Sunni Muslim 15 % are Shi'a Muslim 30 Islam is the dominant religion Mosque in Kabul The Taliban imposed their extremely strict, more than just fundamental, interpretation of Islam on everyone. 31 Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right) 32 Linguistic Map 33 Refugees Afghans constitute the largest single refugee population in the world with an estimated 6 million people or 30 percent of the global refugee population. The population has been greatly affected by a refugee problem for years. Large numbers of Afghans are refugees in Pakistan. 34 Refugees Pakistan has received the most 35 Women In areas under Taliban control women were required to wear a burka when outside the home. This covers the body head to toe. Schools were closed for girls, and professional women lost their jobs as they were not permitted to work outside the home. 30,000 widows in Kabul were been denied employment that had served as their only income. 36 Difficult conditions Women forced to beg in Mazar-eSharif by Taliban Cooking grass in refugee camp for lack of better food 37 View Through the Burka View through a veil, or burka, which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home. Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians. 38 Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban Beating women (left) Executing a woman publicly (right) 39 Suffer the Little Children More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil war. Afghanistan ranks number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality One in three Afghan children is an orphan Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition 40 Hungry Children Kids wait in line for food aid (right) Looking in garbage (above left) Picking wheat grains from ground (below) 41 Demographics Population - 26,813,075 (2001 est.) Age Distribution 0-14 years - 42 % 15-64 years - 55% 65 + - 2.79% Life Expectancy - 47 male; 45 female Population Growth Rate - 2.5% Population Doubling Time - 29 years Infant Mortality Rate – 147:1,000 live births Literacy Rate – total population - 32%; male 47%; female - 15% 42 Major Cities of Afghanistan 43 POPULATION DENSITY 44 Human Environment Interaction FARMING: Most of the people of Afghanistan are subsistence farmers. Much of the land is too dry or too mountainous for farming. Only 12% of the land is arable. Crops include wheat, nuts and fruits; grown mainly in river valleys. Sheep, goats, chickens, and cattle are livestock raised. MINERALS AND RESOURCES: Afghanistan is rich in minerals, but many are not developed. Natural gas, copper, and gold, are the main resources 45 Economic Map – Land Use 46 Agriculture & Drugs Agriculture (top) Growing opium poppies – major source of money Afghanistan has been the world's largest producer of raw opium in 1999 and 2000. 47 Human Environment Interaction INDUSTRY: Industry is not well developed. Textiles, and craft industries such as metalwork, jewelry, leather goods, and rugs are the major industries. ECONOMIC FACTS Gross National Product - $18.1 billion per capita $800 Trade- Imports - $150 million - Exports $80 million 48 Industry & U.S. Influence Homemade soda bottling warehouse Afghanistan and child labor 49 Traditional Crafts Rug making by women (right) Women in textile factory (below) 50 MOVEMENT: Transportation The rugged terrain makes transportation difficult. Outside of cities roads are mainly dirt or gravel. 16 miles of railroads 35,000 private automobiles 32,000 commercial vehicles The Khyber Pass is a 33 mile mountain pass on the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. At its narrowest point it is only 10 feet wide. This has been the historic route between Afghanistan and South Asia. 51 MOVEMENT: Communication The mountains have been barriers to both transportation and communication. Government controls television and radio broadcasts. Communication systems are rudimentary 10 television sets per 1,000 population 74 radios per 1,000 population U.S. - 776 television sets per 1,000 pop. U.S. - 2,122 radios per 1,000 pop. Daily newspaper circulation - 11 per 1,000 U.S. - 238 per 1,000 pop. 52 Brief Recent History After the Soviet withdrawal, warring factions in Afghanistan fight to control the country – the Taliban gain the advantage but resistance continues to their rule continues. The Northern Alliance (largely non-Pashtun) controls parts of Afghanistan and opposes the Taliban After Sept. 11, 2001, the Northern Alliance and the U.S. military defeat the Taliban in the Antiterrorism War 2002 – Shaky new government established 53 Recovering from Soviet occupation Removing and deactivating mines (above) Victim of Soviet mines (right) 54 Effects of Soviet Actions Destruction of Afghan village during the Soviet occupation of the 1990s 55 Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price! The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control. The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book, The Koran. Under Taliban laws, murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims. Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated. Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings. 56 Executions by the Taliban Taliban executing a rebel on the spot Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart. People forbidden to bury the bodies. 57 Public amputations & executions There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999, when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband. The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital. 58 Anti-Taliban war against terrorism Original objective to capture Osama Bin Laden Taliban government seemed to be harboring Osama Bin Laden and his terrorist associates U.S. gave the Taliban opportunities to turn over Bin Laden or cooperate in capturing him When the Taliban did not comply, the U.S. objective expanded to also removing the Taliban from power in Afghanistan. U.S. assisted the Northern Alliance rebels (who sometimes fight among themselves) 59 Osama Bin Laden "I am not afraid of death. I came here to die. Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam. They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites." Osama Bin Laden 60 Al Qaeda The U.S. government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called "Al Qaeda," an Arabic word meaning 'the base.' 61 Northern Alliance Teen Mujaheddin in Bamiyan - northern alliance "Baby" fighter in Barniyan 62 FIGHTING – Taliban and antiTaliban 63 Taliban Forces Taliban commander Taliban fighter 64 Seeking Bin Laden – Tora Bora 65 Attacking Tora Bora 66 Key Battles & Mined Areas 67 Bombing Population Centers 68 Situation Map Kandahar about to be liberated Aid & information being disseminated 69 People fleeing US action 2001 Fleeing Kabul by any means possible 70 Early 2002 Taliban defeated Shaky coalition government formed Osama Ben Laden still free or possibly dead Pressing agenda Rebuild the country Heal the people Achieve stable, internal peace 71 President & Female Ministers Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left) Deputy Premier Dr. Sima Samar (right) – one of two women in the government 72 War Lords War lords control large parts of Afghanistan. When the Taliban were removed, cooperation among war lords decreased 73 Celebration over Taliban withdrawal Children play (above0 Music could be made again and people celebrated 74 Some gains for women Girls and women return to schools – education was banned for them by the Taliban – no burkas seen here Family receiving USA aid (grain) – woman has shed the burka 75 United States Aid Distribution of wheat from the USA 76 Help from private sources has been great; however, religiousbased aid organizations must not proselytize. 77


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How to Write for and Get Published in Scientific Journals Tehran University of Medical Sciences Warren Raye, PhD Senior Life Sciences Editor Edanz Group November 28, 2011 راهنمایی برای انتشار مقالات شما
A little about me… Edanz Group | 2 Lecturer, researcher, teacher Senior Life Sciences Editor Author
Presentation Section One: Scientific publishing Section Two: Before you start… Section Three: Structuring your manuscript Section Four: Hints and tips Edanz Group | 3
Why publish? Publishing in English The publishing timeline Peer review Edanz Group | 4 Section One Scientific publishing
Why publish? Edanz Group | 5 Nature is complex
Edanz Group | 6 We use complex technologies and methods to understand it… Why publish?
Edanz Group | 7 …and the science is often necessarily complex Why publish?
Edanz Group | 8 Why publish? To exchange ideas globally! برای اینکه نظراتتان را به صورت جهانی مبادله کنید، داشتن زبان واضح و شفاف مهم است
Edanz Group | 9 You have an obligation … تا زمانی که نتایج تحقیقات را چاپ نکرده اید، پژوهش شما پایان نیافته است
The international language of science Other scientists WANT to hear from Iranian researchers Allows you to become an effective science communicator Number of publications is linked to funding success and reputation Edanz Group | 10 Why publish in English? زبان انگلیسی، زبان بین المللی دانش است.
Funding Bodies Researchers Grant Writing Journal Publication Publish or perish Edanz Group | 11 چاپ کن یا نابود کن
Increased competition Edanz Group | 12 Relative growth from 100% baseline in 1990
Submission to publication, 3–12 months Publishing timeline Edanz Group | 13 Manuscript submitted Editor assigned rapid rejection OR peer review Reviewers evaluate accept, reject OR revise Editor sources reviewers Publication! Revise manuscript
So that announcement of your findings comply with standards in quality and validity So that your manuscript reflects research standards and is judged suitable So that the research community can examine your work So discoveries get correct accrediting Why peer review? Edanz Group | 14
Few papers are accepted without revision Rejection and revision are integral to the peer review process Peer review improves your manuscript Edanz Group | 15 داوری توسط همتایان و هم ردیفان، موجب ارتقاء سطح مقاله شما می گردد
Read Hot topics What do journal editors want? Select an appropriate journal Ethical issues Edanz Group | 16 Section Two Before you start …
Read Know the background material Read broadly Determine the key papers in your field What is the current state of understanding? Identify gaps in the knowledge Edanz Group | 17
Reading helps your writing Reading Both sides of the brain are essential and work in harmony Reading Writing Logic Creativity Similarly, reading and writing are connected Edanz Group | 18
Reading improves your writing Read as often as possible Discuss with your colleagues Assists you with journal selection Provides ideas for your next manuscript یک خواننده خوب بودن به شما کمک خواهد کرد تا یک نویسندۀ خوب شوید Edanz Group | 19
CRITICAL What is your hypothesis or research question? THE AIM(S) OF YOUR STUDY What methods are appropriate? Do you have the relevant resources? Identify your controls Experimental design Get it right Edanz Group | 20
Sample sizes (n) large enough? Which statistical test(s)? When in doubt – talk to a statistician! Does your study comply with ALL ethics requirements? Experimental design Get it right Edanz Group | 21
Good quality science! Will stand up to peer review Original research that advances the field in some way Interesting to the journal's readership Active research areas Clear and concise English Edanz Group | 22 What do journal editors want? سردبیران مجلات به دنبال دانش با کیفیت خوب هستند
Edanz Group | 23 Journal Selection
What is the message? Who will be interested? How significant are your results? Where have similar articles been published? Match your manuscript with the journal Edanz Group | 24
Aims and scope Publishing frequency Impact factor Target audience Open access or subscriber Prestige Cost Publication type Edanz Group | 25 Factors to consider in journal selection Which factor is most important to you?
DO NOT… Multiple submissions Plagiarism Improper author contribution Data fabrication and falsification Improper use of human subjects and animals Publication ethics Edanz Group | 26 اگر غیر اخلاقی رفتار کنید گرفتار خواهید شد
Any questions? Edanz Group | 27 Publication procedure? Designing your study? Selecting a journal? Communicating with journals?
Section Three Structuring your manuscript Edanz Group | 28
For maximum clarity and consistency, write your manuscript in this order: Methods Results Introduction Discussion Title Abstract Write after selecting your target journal Write during the research The 'write' order Edanz Group | 29 Write last مقاله خود را از ابتدا به همان ترتیبی که در مقاله نهایی ظاهر می شود ننویسید
Edanz Group | 30 The importance of your title Physics Manuscript World Class Grabs the reader's attention Introduces your manuscript to an editor A label for indexing Convey the main topics of manuscript Be specific and concise AVOID jargon, abbreviations and acronyms
Poor Late Quaternary evolution of a loess landscape over glacial and interglacial cycles in a region of high tectonic vertical uplift and lateral strike-slip movement in the Charwell Basin located in the South Island of New Zealand Better Late Quaternary loess landscape evolution on an active tectonic margin, Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand Edanz Group | 31 A good title Shorter and easy to understand Too long خیلی طولانی کوتاهتر و به راحتی قابل فهم
The majority of people will only read this section It must be able to 'stand alone' An accurate summary of your research and conclusions reached Structured or unstructured? ALWAYS consult the Guide for Authors for specific requirements Edanz Group | 32 Abstract خلاصه مقاله باید به گونه ای باشد که به تنهایی هم قابلیت یک مقاله را داشته باشد خلاصه مقاله مهمترین بخش یک مقاله می باشد
Be brief State the objectives and scope of the study/investigation Describe the methods employed Summarize the results State the principal conclusions AVOID abbreviations unless necessary AVOID references Edanz Group | 33 A good Abstract should …
Edanz Group | 34 Introduction Why? چه مشکلی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است؟
Provide background information to put your work into context DO NOT write a comprehensive literature review of the field DO cite reviews that readers can refer to if they want more information Edanz Group | 35 Introduction Beginning
What is the rationale/reason for your study? Explain how you addressed the problem (1–2 sentences) DO NOT state results from your study Edanz Group | 36 Introduction Middle
Clearly state the aims of your study State the methods you will use to carry out your aims Ask yourself: are the citations balanced, current and relevant? Edanz Group | 37 Introduction End
Clear subheadings Describe methods in the past tense New methods must be described in sufficient detail for another researcher to reproduce the experiment Established methods can be referenced Describe statistical tests used Edanz Group | 38 Materials and methods How? شما چگونه این مشکل را مورد مطالعه قرار داده اید؟
Materials and methods Materials. Culture media were obtained from Life Technologies (Gaithersburg, MD). Okadaic acid was purchased from Alexis Company (Läufelfingen, Switzerland). Antibodies to MEK1/2 and phosphorylated MAPK were purchased from New England Biolabs (Beverley, MA). Induction of cell death. Cell death was induced as described previously [15]. Briefly, cell death was induced by adding okadaic acid (0-300 nM, Alexis Co.) after washing slice cultures in serum-free medium. Light and electron microscopy. Cultures were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% formaldehyde, treated with 1% OsO 4 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and propylene oxide, and flat- embedded in an epoxy resin (Durcupan ACM, Fluka, Neu-Ulm, Germany). Semi-thin sections were stained with toluidine blue, and ultra-thin sections were stained with 1% uranyl acetate for 20 min and 1% lead citrate for 2 min. Statistics. For statistical analysis, 2-tailed Student's t-test was used to assess the significance of mean differences. Differences were considered significant at a P-value of 0.05 or less. Edanz Group | 39 Materials described first Suppliers/locations given Clear subheadings References used to save space Enough information to reproduce the experiment Statistical test parameters provided Materials and methods Example
Edanz Group | 40 Results What? یافته های شما چه بوده است؟
Results Okadaic induces death of dentate gyrus neurons selectively. Hippocampal slice cultures treated with OA (1–300 nM) showed selective cell death of neurons in the dentate gyrus, but neurons in the CA1 – 3 regions were largely unaffected. Cell death occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Propidium iodide staining of treated slides indicated…. Electron microscopy revealed a number of ultrastructural changes in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, particularly those in the CA3 region, in slices treated with 300 nM OA for 24 h (Fig 3). These changes included slight nuclear aggregations (arrow in Fig 3A), accumulation of mitochondria around nuclei (arrowheads in Fig 3B) and an increased amount of endoplasmic reticulum (Fig 3C). As shown in Figure 4, the nuclei of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions… Involvement of MAPK signaling in the effect of OA. Compared with slices treated with medium only and treated slices at 0 h, slices treated with 300 nM OA showed increasing levels of phosphorylated MAPK at 4 h, 8 h, 16 h and 24 h, with no corresponding change in the levels of total MAPK. This increase was prevented in slices that were co-incubated with a protein kinase inhibitor. In addition, the levels of phosphorylated Tau were higher in OA-treated slices than in control slices… Edanz Group | 41 Clear subheadings Graphics used to save space Clear comparisons made Results What did you find?
Figures and tables are VERY EFFECTIVE Keep it simple — use separate panels if necessary AVOID duplication with the text Label all parts of your figures Include trend lines, scale bars and statistical significance Legends must be able to 'stand alone' Edanz Group | 42 Display items Tables and figures جداول و تصاویر در برقراری ارتباط، بسیار موثر هستند
Edanz Group | 43 Display items Tables Clear concise legend/caption Data divided into categories for clarity Abbreviations defined )
Edanz Group | 44 Display items Figures Multiple panels: sets of related data are shown in a single figure Complicated data separated into smaller and simpler components Axes clearly labeled Clear, 'stand alone' legend
Edanz Group | 45 Discussion So what? معنی و مفهوم یافته های شما چیست؟
The most difficult section for most authors to write Present principles, relationships and generalizations shown by the results. Summarize and discuss your results – DO NOT just repeat them Past tense to describe results Present tense to describe their implications Edanz Group | 46 Discussion
Answer the research question ALWAYS provide the major/main result first Give your conclusions, based on the results DO NOT overstate the importance of your results Edanz Group | 47 Discussion Beginning فروتن باشید
Interpret the results One paragraph per idea What do your observations/results imply? Are there results from any previous studies relevant to your work? Compare your results with previously published work Same or different? Possible reasons why? Edanz Group | 48 Discussion Middle
Present ambiguous results and discrepancies with other studies objectively Explain unexpected findings to the best of your ability Briefly describe limitations If you don't, the reviewers will! Edanz Group | 49 Discussion Middle
Reiterate your conclusions Begin with a signal In summary … In conclusion … Mention possible applications, implications and speculation, if appropriate Suggest future work, if necessary Edanz Group | 50 Discussion End
ALWAYS format your references Formatting is required in text for citations and for your references section Use reference management software Edanz Group | 51 References
Any questions? Edanz Group | 52 IMRaD? Order of writing? Figures and tables? References?
Clear communication Language Cover letters Responding to reviewer comments Section Four Hints and tips Edanz Group | 53
Information is easier to interpret and more uniform when placed where most readers expect to find it Good writers are aware of these expectations Readability Expectations Edanz Group | 54
Readers expect verbs to closely follow subjects Verb placement Edanz Group | 55 Subject Verb Sentence. Without the arrival of the verb, we do not know what the subject is doing or what the sentence is about
Readers expect verbs to closely follow subjects Syntactic resolution Edanz Group | 56 Subject Verb Sentence. syntactic resolution
Readers can be confused if subject and verb are separated by too much content Avoid reader confusion Edanz Group | 57 The smallest of the URF's (URFA6L), a 207- nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the [NH 2 ]-terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene, has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H-ATPase subunit 8 gene.
Avoid reader confusion Edanz Group | 58 The smallest of the URF's is URFA6L, a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the [NH 2 ]-terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene; it has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H-ATPase subunit 8 gene. The smallest of the URF's (URFA6L) has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H-ATPase subunit 8 gene; URFA6L is a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the [NH 2 ]- terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene. We identified the smallest of the URF's (URFA6L) as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H- ATPase subunit 8 gene. URFA6L is a ….
Active verbs Edanz Group | 59 Active verbs are clearer and add more interest than passive verbs Subject Verb Active verbs: arrange evaluate generate invent motivate predict show Passive verbs: are be could do has is would Subject Verb
Which voice? Active vs. passive Edanz Group | 60 Use the active voice unless your target journal states otherwise Construct sentences where the subject "acts" or does something We collected blood samples from 256 patients. We aspirated the supernatant from the centrifuge tubes. Sentences written in the active voice are: SIMPLE, DIRECT, CLEAR, EASY TO READ
For better writing use active voice & verbs Edanz Group | 61 Honey is made by bees. Bees make honey. The students were taught by the professor. The professor taught the students. My first visit to Iran will always be remembered by me. I shall always remember my first visit to Iran. Confirmation of these reports cannot be obtained. These reports cannot be confirmed. Passive verbs confuse readers
Stress position Edanz Group | 62 Readers put more stress on information at the end of a sentence Stress position. Subject "Save the best until last" Verb
Stress position Edanz Group | 63 The dog sat when her mistress offered a treat. The dog sat when a treat was offered by her mistress. When the mistress offered her a treat, the dog sat. Information is easier to understand when it is placed where most readers expect to find it
Topic position Edanz Group | 64 Topic position. Stress position Subject Verb Readers expect a unit of discourse to be a story about whoever shows up first
Topic position Edanz Group | 65 The beginning of the sentence acts to link what came before with what will came later providing both linkage and context The family went into the courtyard to see the new puppy. The dog sat when her owner offered a treat. Everyone was so excited they broke into applause. However, as the courtyard was situated right next to my bedroom, the sound woke me from my sleep.
Indicates to the reader the main idea of a paragraph Provides the writer with a focus Should be the first sentence of a paragraph Then discuss/explain the topic Summarize with a concluding sentence Topic sentences Easier to read Edanz Group | 66
Topic sentences Example Edanz Group | 67 IN HIS STUDIES OF THE CONDITIONED REFLEX, PAVLOV WORKED ALMOST ENTIRELY WITH DOGS AND WITH THE SALIVARY REFLEX. Implicit in all of his work is the notion that everything the dog learns from puppyhood on is a result of the association of certain events (which happen to occur at the same time) with the biologically adequate stimulus to some native response such as withdrawing, struggling, eating, sex behavior, or the like. What the dog can learn… Henry Garrett, "Great Experiments in Psychology"
Simple language works best Makes YOUR science more relevant Minimizes confusion – maximizes understanding Science is often complex, using simple language will help more people understand your work! Language Simple is best Edanz Group | 68
Sentence length Keep it short & simple Edanz Group | 69 We examined numerous peer-reviewed journals Easy to read articles had an average sentence length of around 17 words Sentences that are 15 20 words long are ideal AVOID longer sentences, redundancies and repetition One sentence: one idea
Competition for publication space and for editors' attention is very high It may not be enough to send a cover letter to a journal editor like this: Cover letters Edanz Group | 70 Dear Editor-in-Chief, I am sending you our manuscript entitled "Techniques to detect circoviruses in Iranian bird species" by Raye et al. We would like to have the manuscript considered for publication in Virology Methods Online. Please let me know of your decision at your earliest convenience. Sincerely yours, Warren Raye, PhD
Address to the editor personally State your manuscript title and publication type Give a brief background, rationale and description of your results Explain the importance of your findings and why they would be of interest to the journal's target audience Provide corresponding author details Your cover letter General rules Edanz Group | 71
Dear Dr Lisberger, Please find enclosed our manuscript entitled "Amyloid-like inclusions in the brains of Huntington's disease patients", by McGowan et al., which we would like to submit for publication as a Research Paper in Neuroscience. Recent immunohistochemical studies have revealed the presence of neuronal inclusions containing an N-terminal portion of the mutant huntingtin protein and ubiquitin in the brain tissues of Huntington's disease (HD) patients; however, the role of these inclusions in the disease process has remained unclear. One suspected disease-causing mechanism in Huntington's disease and other polyglutamine disorders is the potential for the mutant protein to undergo a conformational change to a more stable anti-parallel β -sheet structure… To confirm if the immunohistochemically observed huntingtin- and ubiquitin-containing inclusions display amyloid features, we performed Congo red staining and both polarizing and confocal microscopy on post-mortem human brain tissues obtained from five HD patients, two AD patients, and two normal controls. Congo red staining revealed a small number of amyloid-like inclusions showing green birefringence by polarized microscopy, in a variety of cortical regions.... ….detected inclusions observed in parallel sections, suggesting that only a relatively small proportion of inclusions in HD adopt an amyloid-like structure. We believe our findings would appeal to a broad audience, such as the readership of Neuroscience. As a wide-reaching journal publishing original research on all aspects of neuroscience… We confirm that this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal. All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with submission to Neuroscience. We have read and have abided by the statement of ethical standards for manuscripts submitted to Neuroscience. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Please address all correspondence to…. Give the background to the research What was done and what was found Interest to journal's readers Conforms to journal requirements Cover letters Example Edanz Group | 72
Very few papers are immediately accepted without need for any revisions Journal editor decision Complete rejection Acceptance Major revisions Minor revisions Peer review Edanz Group | 73
Reasons for rejection Failure to state a hypothesis Not answering the hypothesis Contradictions within the manuscript Superficial or rambling discussion Inconsistent use of terms Conclusion that is not supported by the data Edanz Group | 74
Is the manuscript sufficiently novel? Is the manuscript of broad enough interest? What do peer reviewers look for? Edanz Group | 75 Novelty Significance Aims and Scope Impact Factor
Reviewers About the manuscript … Edanz Group | 76 Are the rationale and objectives defined? Is enough background given to understand the rationale? Could a capable researcher reproduce the experiments? Are the results clearly explained and in the best format? Are the findings described in context? Are the limitations discussed? Are the conclusions supported? Is the literature cited appropriate? Are there contradictions within the manuscript?
Politely respond to ALL the reviewers' comments in a response letter Make it easy to see the changes Refer to line and page numbers Different color font Highlight the text Revision How to respond Edanz Group | 77
Consider additional experiments if suggested You can disagree with reviewers BUT provide evidence in your rebuttal (cite references) Comply with deadlines Revision How to respond Edanz Group | 78 به یاد داشته باشید که داوران مقالات به صورت داوطلبانه وقت خود را صرف داوری می کنند بنابراین مودب باشید
Edanz Group | 79 Post-referee revisions The response Dear Dr. _____________: [address the editor by name] Thank you for your consideration of our manuscript entitled _____________ [insert manuscript title here]. We have reviewed the comments of the reviewers and have thoroughly revised the manuscript. We found the comments helpful, and believe our revised manuscript represents a significant improvement over our initial submission. In response to the reviewers' suggestions we have [summarize the key changes here]
Edanz Group | 80 Post-referee revisions Point-by-point [After the introduction to the response, address all reviewer points individually] Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results. Response: We agree with the reviewer's assessment of the analysis. Our tailored function makes it impossible to fully interpret the data in terms of the prevailing theories. In addition, in its current form it would be difficult to tell that this measurement constitutes a significant improvement over previously reported values. We have redone the analysis using a Gaussian fitting function.
Edanz Group | 81 Post-referee revisions Disagreement [Sometimes you will disagree with the reviewer. Keep your response polite and professional] Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results. Response: We agree with the reviewer that a simple Gaussian fit would facilitate comparison with the results of other studies. However, our tailored function allows for the analysis of the data in terms of the Smith model [Smith et al, 1998]. We have added two sentences to the paper (page 3 paragraph 2) to explain the use of this function and Smith's model.
Minimizing errors Edanz Group | 82 Google Scholar and Springer Exemplar to check for word usage Purdue University Online Writing Lab Target journal's Guide for Authors Track Changes and Comment functions Find (and replace) Word Count function Spell Check (be careful) Custom Dictionaries and Online Glossaries به منظور اینکه حرفه ای جلوه کنید غلطها را به حداقل برسانید
Free resource Edanz Group | 83
Appropriately designed study? Complied with ethics guidelines? Novel and interesting results? Correct statistical tests? Clear, concise, accurate writing? Importance of findings explained? Appropriate choice of journal? Followed the journal's instructions? Summary Checklist for acceptance Edanz Group | 84 قبل از ارسال مقاله تان تمام این سوالات را از خود بپرسید
Take home message … Read! Read! Read! Reading Writing Good readers make good writers! Edanz Group | 85
Thank you Good luck! Edanz Group | 86 با تشکر و آرزوی موفقیت
Any questions? Edanz Group | 87
English editing for experts, by experts Expert editors in all fields Services to raise your chances of acceptance Ensuring clear communication of your research Rapid completion Edanz Group | 88
Language Editing Journal Selection Expert Scientific Review Abstract Writing Cover Letter Writing Point-by-Point Response Check Services 89 Services for acceptance Edanz Group | 89
Dr Andrew Gorman 2001 – PhD Geophysics, University of British Columbia, CA Lecturer at the Geology Department, University of Otago Dr Conan Fee 1989 – PhD Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, NZ Director of Biomolecular Interactions Centre at the University of Canterbury; has published over 160 journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, and patents Dr Natasha Lundin 2007 – PhD Chemistry, University of Otago, NZ Cover article author in Angewandte Chemie Dr Brett Kraabel 1995 – PhD Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, USA Specialist in condensed matter physics, optics and materials science Dr Stephen Cooke 2006 – PhD Immunology, King's College, UK Worked as a post-doctoral fellow for both the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council (ARC) and Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Dr Kristen Demarest 2000 – PhD Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY, USA Currently staff scientist at Scripps Research Institute Dr Alison Sherwin 1992 – PhD Biochemistry, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK Has edited over 3,000 manuscripts in the Health and Life Sciences for Japanese and Chinese authors Expert editors in all scientific fields Dr Jennifer Smith 1999 – PhD Botany, University of Otago, NZ Experienced peer reviewer for functional plant biology, and enzyme and microbial technology Edanz Group | 90
English editing for experts, by experts www.edanzediting.com email@example.com Edanz Group | 91
Edanz Group | 92
Look for clues… How? Controversies Unexplained findings Editorials, commentaries, letters to the editor Hot topics Edanz Group | 93
Hot topics Edanz Group | 94 Literature searches PubMed Google Scholar SpringerLink Expand your reading Similar and related fields
Hot topics Edanz Group | 95 Talk to other scientists! Local society meetings National conferences International congresses These are the places where the very latest results are presented درگیر شدن در جامعه پژوهشی موجب یافتن ایده های جدید می گردد
Edanz Group | 96 Display items Figures Clear, 'stand alone' legends/captions Maps with major features. Longitude and latitude are indicated. Scale bar and legend to symbols included Axes clearly labeled
Sentence length Keep it short & simple Edanz Group | 97 We examined numerous peer-reviewed journals Easy to read articles had an average sentence length of around 17 words Sentences that are 15 20 words long are ideal AVOID longer sentences, redundancies and repetition One sentence: one idea
UK or US spelling? Edanz Group | 98 Check the journal's Guide for Authors Generally, American journals require US spelling and British journals require British spelling, but many accept either form as long as the spelling used is consistent fibreorfiber centreorcenter labellingorlabeling colourorcolor British US
Comparisons Edanz Group | 99 Frequently made in the results sections of papers Use compared with, NOT compared to The material from the river bank was compared with the landfill. The material from the river bank was compared with that from the landfill.
Comparisons Example Edanz Group | 100 Expression levels of p53 in smokers were compared with non-smokers. Expression levels of p53 in smokers were compared with p53 levels in non-smokers. Expression levels of p53 in smokers were compared with those in non-smokers.
Comparisons Edanz Group | 101 Relative terms, such as more, higher and greater, require a reference for comparison Use than OR compared with Reactions with the new machine were faster than those with the old machine. Reactions with the new machine were faster. Faster than what?
Between or among? Edanz Group | 102 Use between for comparisons of two groups Use among for comparisons of more than two groups..significant differences were observed in the H values among bio-, fully- and semi-synthetic… …the only difference between the original molecule and the new molecule is...
Colons and semi-colons Edanz Group | 103 The colon ":" is used to introduce a list or a clause that explains what precedes it Semi-colons ";" are used to separate items in a list too long for commas or where commas could be ambiguous. Use 'and' before the last item in the list. There are a number of journals that Springer publishes that will accept manuscripts associated with organic chemistry: Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters; Chemistry of Natural Compounds; the Journal of Molecular Modeling; and The Protein Journal.
Semi-colons Edanz Group | 104 Use a semi-colon to join two clauses with the aid of a transition In previous sediments of all salinities, MeHg production was highest at previous sediment depths just below the oxic/anoxic transition; that is, depths where microbial sulfate reduction was present, but where sulfide, which inhibits methylation, was relatively low. Other transitions you can use: therefore, because, and however
Edanz Group | 105 Post-referee revisions Further explanation [Often, a review comment that is incorrect will still identify a part of the paper that needs more explanation] Original: We then fit the data to a super-Gaussian. From this, we extracted the reaction time [Smith et al. 1998]. Revised: We then fit the data to a super-Gaussian. We elected to use this function to facilitate analysis using the Smith model [Smith et al. 1998]. According to the Smith model, the reaction time is dependent on the intensity and width of the fitted peak. Using this model, we extracted the reaction time.
Appendix: useful set phrases Cover letters Edanz Group | 106 Please find enclosed our manuscript entitled (title) by (First Author) et al., which we would like to submit for publication as a (Publication Type) in (Journal name). To our knowledge, this is the first report showing… We believe our findings would appeal to the readership of (Journal name). Please address all correspondence to: We shall look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.
Appendix: statements Cover letters Edanz Group | 107 We confirm that this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal. All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with submission to (Journal Name). ALL cover letters should contain these sentences:
Appendix: statements Cover letters Edanz Group | 108 We have read and have abided by the statement of ethical standards for manuscripts submitted to (Journal Name). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. MOST medical research cover letters should contain these or similar sentences: Or… briefly give information describing any conflicts …
Edanz Group | 109 Appendix: useful set phrases Response letters Please find enclosed our revised manuscript entitled (title) by (First Author) et al., which we would like to resubmit for publication as a (Publication Type) in (Journal name). Your comments and those of the reviewers were very helpful. In the following pages are our point-by-point responses to each of the comments of the reviewers.
Consult an expert! State the statistical tests used to analyze data Provide the name, version and maker of the statistical package used e.g. SPSS 11.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA Only use the word "significant" when describing statistically significant differences Alternatives: notable, substantial, marked Edanz Group | 110 Appendix: statistics
Edanz Group | 111 Appendix: statistics A few rules Precision Life expectancy of 22.085 years 22 years Always give numerator and denominator 25% (740/2958) Avoid using percentages to summarize small sample sizes Be very clear with percentages within subgroups Of the 1000 patients, 800 (80%) were women; (31%) had a BMI of … Of the 1000 patients, 800 (80%) were women; of these, 250 (31%) had a BMI of…
Appendix: simple words Edanz Group | 112 PreferAvoid moreadditional enoughadequate clearapparent tryattempt showdemonstrate tryendeavor veryexceedingly
Appendix: simple words Edanz Group | 113 Prefer Avoid sizemagnitude aimobjective take partparticipate doneperformed askedrequested livesresides keepretain
Edanz Group | 114 Prefer Avoid latersubsequently enoughsufficient endterminate useutilization Appendix: simple words
Appendix: structured abstracts Edanz Group | 115 Follow the IMRaD format: Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) recommends structured abstracts for RCT papers (randomized controlled trials). Why? Easy for authors to write Easy for readers to understand Good for computerized indexing
Edanz Group | 116 Appendix: structured abstracts Example
Edanz Group | 117 Here, we present… Here, we show… Here, we report… In this work, we introduce… Appendix: useful set phrases Abstract
Edanz Group | 118 These results show… To test whether (past tense), we performed … To examine if XX (past tense), we YY (past tense) We used XX to YY. Using this approach, we identified ZZ. Appendix: useful set phrases Abstract
Edanz Group | 119 We demonstrated previously… Previous studies have shown that… We have previously shown that… The topic of XX has recently been reviewed 1. (insert reference) To determine whether … The purpose of this study was … Appendix: useful set phrases Introduction
Therefore, we tested the hypothesis … This report describes experiments designed to determine whether … Therefore, our first objective in these studies was to determine whether … In this study, we sought to extend our observations and specifically test … Edanz Group | 120 Appendix: useful set phrases Introduction
Edanz Group | 121 To test whether XX (past tense), we performed… To examine if XX (paste tense) we performed … Appendix: useful set phrases Methods
Edanz Group | 122 Among the cases we analyzed… XX was/were observed…. The results are summarized in Table 1. Figure 2a shows the effect of X on Y. Group X showed higher/lower levels of Y than the control group. Appendix: useful set phrases Results
Edanz Group | 123 In the current study, we have shown… In summary… To conclude… In conclusion… In demonstrating XX, our findings show that/illustrate that… Taken together these results suggest… Appendix: useful set phrases Discussion
Edanz Group | 124 The above data collectively show… Our data supports the idea that XX Our study supports the hypothesis that ZZ Our study is limited by… There were some limitations to the current study. Appendix: useful set phrases Discussion
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#Dublin SFC
# dublin-sfc - Saturday 22 April, 2017
2011 champions St Brigid's make no mistake while Jack McCaffrey's Clontarf bow out
St Sylvesters, Thomas Davis St Maurs also advanced in the Dublin SFC.
The Brian Mullins era at St Vincent's begins with a 15-point hammering of Round Towers
It was a first championship game for Dublin legend in charge of the Vinnies today.
# dublin-sfc - Friday 21 April, 2017
No surprise first-round exit tonight as 2016 finalists Castleknock and Ballymun Kickhams progress
There were also wins for Skerries Harps, Lucan Sarsfields, Cuala and Na Fianna.
# dublin-sfc - Thursday 20 April, 2017
Bernard Brogan electric as Plunkett's dump 2016 All-Ireland champions out of Dublin SFC
Ballyboden St Enda's fell to a Plunkett's side that boasted names like the Brogan brothers, Paul Galvin and Tomas Corrigan.
McManamon on form as St Jude's advance while Kilmacud put 10 goals past Erins Isle
St Jude's avoided a drop into the Senior 'B' championship.
# dublin-sfc - Monday 17 April, 2017
County teammates Macauley and Brogan face-off in the standout Dublin SFC opener this week
The games will go ahead despite the upcoming All-Ireland U21 football final.
# dublin-sfc - Tuesday 8 November, 2016
'If I was playing hurling the hits would have been fine' - Ger Brennan on his Dublin final red card
Brennan was dismissed for a high challenge on Castleknock's Kevin Kindlon.
# dublin-sfc - Monday 7 November, 2016
'We were all hurt by that and pained' - Ballyboden defeat in 2015 the driving force for St Vincent's
The focus for manager Tommy Conroy now turns to Leinster.
# dublin-sfc - Sunday 6 November, 2016
Tomas Quinn and Diarmuid Connolly combine to see St Vincent's home
Connolly was the supplier and Quinn the scorer as St Vincent's unlocked Castleknock to lift the Dublin football title.
# dublin-sfc - Saturday 5 November, 2016
Brennan's red card, another bumper year for Connolly and more Dublin football final talking points
Newly crowned All-Star Connolly hasn't lost a championship game on the football field for club or county in 2016.
Castleknock give a brave display but Quinn and Connolly lead St Vincent's to glory
St Vincent's lost Ger Brennan to a 45th minute red card but saw off Castleknock to claim their 28th Dublin SFC title.
# dublin-sfc - Friday 4 November, 2016
Castleknock's remarkable journey to the top of Dublin club football
The story of how a club made it from Division 10 to a senior county final in just 18 years.
# dublin-sfc - Wednesday 2 November, 2016
'I've never played against them' - Diarmuid Connolly sums up Castleknock's progress
The 29-year-old also spoke about the influence Mickey Whelan had on his career.
# dublin-sfc - Thursday 27 October, 2016
Ciaran Kilkenny leads Castleknock to first Dublin SFC final
A four-point victory over St Jude's at Parnell Park tonight means they will take on St Vincent's for the county title.
# dublin-sfc - Wednesday 26 October, 2016
Diarmuid Connolly on fire as St Vincent's book their fourth straight Dublin SFC final
St Vincent's dumped out the 2012 champions Ballymun in a cagey affair at Parnell Park.
As it happened: St Vincent's v Ballymun Kickhams, Dublin SFC semi-final
We were live at Parnell Park where these giants of Dublin football meet for a place in the final.
# dublin-sfc - Friday 21 October, 2016
St Vincents boss laments 'mental pressure' placed on Dublin's county players
A long season for the likes of Diarmuid Connolly, Kevin McManamon, Ciaran Kilkenny and Dean Rock continues into next week.
# dublin-sfc - Thursday 20 October, 2016
Giants St Vincents and Ballymun on collision course in Dublin SFC semi-finals
The draw was made tonight after St Vincents were narrow winners over Lucan Sarsfields.
Nine points for Dean Rock as Ballymun Kickhams coast past Raheny into Dublin semi-finals
Brian Fenton's Raheny were on the losing side.
'Kevin McManamon came up trumps with some great points when they were needed'
St Judes boss Padraic Monaghan heaped praise on his star forward.
# dublin-sfc - Wednesday 19 October, 2016
Kevin McManamon and St Jude's dump Kilmacud Crokes out of the Dublin SFC
Crokes were red-hot favourites to advance to the semi-final.
Ciaran Kilkenny's Castleknock into the last four in Dublin for the first time in their history
A goal either side of half-time saw them home.
# dublin-sfc - Sunday 9 October, 2016
Dean Rock and Diarmuid Connolly on target as Ballymun and St Vincent's progress
Rock scored 1-9 while Connolly chipped in with 1-1 as they helped their clubs to victory.
# dublin-sfc - Saturday 8 October, 2016
Kilmacud Crokes end Ballyboden's reign as All-Ireland senior club football champions
Dublin All-Ireland winner Paul Mannion scored the crucial goal for the winners.
McManamon's St Judes hammer McCaffrey's Clontarf to advance in Dublin SFC
2015 Footballer of the Year Jack McCaffrey was on the losing team at Parnell Park.
# dublin-sfc - Friday 29 April, 2016
All-Ireland champs Boden off to a winning start in Dublin SFC, Castleknock stun Plunkett's
The road to Croke Park on St Patrick's Day begins again…
# dublin-sfc - Sunday 1 November, 2015
Boden crowned new kings of Dublin after denying Vincent's three-in-a-row
Ballyboden St Enda's upset the odds in Parnell Park this afternoon.
# dublin-sfc - Sunday 25 October, 2015
Unstoppable Vincent's march on to another Dublin SFC final
Na Fianna were outclassed by the experienced Marino men.
Favourites Ballyboden do just enough to reach Dublin SFC final
The hot favourites survived a spirited Clontarf performance.
# dublin-sfc - Monday 19 October, 2015
Pillar Caffrey and Na Fianna have the scent of Dublin glory in their nostrils again
Na Fianna are chasing a first county SFC since 2001.
# dublin-sfc - Sunday 18 October, 2015
Leinster champions St Vincent's march on – but they've a local rival up next in Dublin
Mossy Quinn kicked six points as Vins beat Lucan Sarsfields this afternoon.
Aaron Byrne inspires Na Fianna to Dublin SFC semis berth
The corner-forward burst into life between the 41st and 45th minutes.
Clontarf and Ballyboden both book Dublin SFC semi-final spots
Two quarter-finals took place in Parnell Park today.
# dublin-sfc - Saturday 3 October, 2015
Vincent's remain on course for Dublin SFC 3-in-a-row
Vins got the better of the Northside Derby this afternoon.
'I'll be trying to clip the heads off them!' Dublin team-mates set for war as Vincent's meet Ballymun
A host of Dublin's All-Ireland winners will be in action when St Vincent's take on Ballymun this evening.
# dublin-sfc - Saturday 6 June, 2015
The defending champions had it easy this evening in the Dublin SFC
It was a busy evening of championship action in the capital.
# dublin-sfc - Friday 8 May, 2015
Only two out of six Dublin SFC games went ahead tonight
There were wins for Na Fianna and Clontarf this evening as the weather wreaked havoc with the schedule..
# dublin-sfc - Tuesday 28 October, 2014
Ger Brennan – 'It was a victory with a bunch of guys who'd do anything for you'
The 28-year-old was delighted to end an injury plagued year with another Dublin SFC title.
Watch the highlights as St. Vincent's defeated Oliver Plunkett's in the Dublin football final
The Marino side retained the Dublin SFC after they survived a late Plunkett's fightback.
# dublin-sfc - Monday 27 October, 2014
St. Vincent's v Oliver Plunkett's: 5 talking points ahead of the Dublin SFC final
The game throws in at 7.45pm in Parnell Park this evening.


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GAZ-SYSTEM S.A. is a strategic partner of the Corporate Social Responsibility Forum (CSRF).
Thanks to its partnership in the strategic CSRF, GAZ-SYSTEM S.A. has gained access to expert knowledge in the field of sustainable development and has the chance to benefit from the exchange of experiences and information on the newest trends in this field.
Cooperation with CSRF has enabled there to be a real impact on the development of corporate social responsibility in Poland and has made it possible to create CSR designs and solutions. The partnership programme also facilitates active participation in social dialogue concerning sustainable development and promotion of responsibility and good practices.


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DE Mortgage Underwriter
8191 Capitol Drive. Cincinnati. OH 45244
513.800.9746· firstname.lastname@example.comemail@example.com
Dynamic mortgage professional with 20 years of experience and a history of increasing profitability by ensuring seamless, high-volume processing while optimizing quality, banking operations, and alignment with business requirements. Proactive team leader with proven ability to achieve #1 rating for units funded, operational scorecard, and customer service. Cultivate strong business relationships across functions and leverage combination of management / hands-on skills.
Operations · Underwriting · Lending / Banking · New Business Development
Team Leadership & Development · Customer Relationship Management (CRM) · QA
Process Improvements · Fraud Prevention · Regulatory Compliance
Loan Processing · Training · Mortgages · Vendor Relations · Resource Allocation
WELLS FARGO HOME MORTGAGE, West Chester, OH, July 2010 to present
Consumer Underwriter for Conventional, VA, FHA, RHS, and Bond loans, FHA CHUMS #W106 - 1998
MORTGAGE SUPPLIERS, Winchester, Kentucky, February, 2010 to May, 2010
Underwriter for Conventional, FHA, VA, RHS and Bond loans
FIRST FEDERAL BANK, Lexington, Kentucky July, 2009 to February, 2010
Chief Underwriter for Conventional, FHA, VA, RHS, and Bond loans, FHA CHUMS #W106 - 1998
VA Automatic Underwriter #015204, Underwrites to Investor's guidelines
COUNTRYWIDE BANK, Lexington, Kentucky 1992 to 2008
International mortgage company with ~ 30,000 employees.
Operations Manager (1995 to 2008)
Chief underwriter and director of branch operations for 13 team members (2 underwriters and 11 loan specialists) with 20+ sales staff primarily at senior level. Devised and deployed operational / process improvements. Ensured timely closure of loans, alignment with compliance / company requirements, vigorous fraud prevention, and equitable distribution of portfolio (measured in dollar volume) across teams. Resolved operational, general loan, and documentation issues. Underwrote (for entire branch until late 2007) FHA, bond, and conventional deals (in capacity as Chief Underwriter). Prepared reports on branch performance and portfolio status. Cultivated strong relationships with customers, real estate professionals, appraisers, closing agents, and internal resources. Conducted training programs, evaluated team performance, and mentored employees.
- Enhanced profitability by overseeing closure of ~ 200 monthly deals (among enterprise-wide leading branches) and providing the management / underwriting services of 2-3 employees.
- Achieved #2 monthly rating throughout company (of 300+ branches) on operational scorecard and repeatedly attained #1 rating in region.
- Earned region's top rankings for units funded and customer service in 5+ consecutive years.


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Global crop prices will retreat sharply this year as farmers around the world expand production, bringing stability back to commodity markets and easing food inflation fears, the U.S. government forecast on Thursday. After two years of razor thin stocks, world crop supplies, led by wheat, are recovering.
"Certainly the high prices that we saw last year have prompted a global production response for most commodities," USDA Chief Economist Joe Glauber told the agency's annual outlook forum.
"This should help relieve some of the volatility that have roiled markets over the past five years and improve prospects for future livestock expansion," he said.
Corn prices, a key barometer for farmers, could retreat 20 percent this year to around $5 a bushel while farm income would shrink 11.5 percent, the USDA forecast. There are still a number of uncertainties in the forecast, Glauber noted, citing concerns about drought withering crops in South America and in the southern United States.


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Ann Wright
Ann Wright is a 29 year US Army/Army Reserves veteran who retired as a Colonel and a former US diplomat who resigned in March, 2003 in opposition to the war on Iraq. She served in Nicaragua, Grenada, Somalia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia and Mongolia. In December, 2001 she was on the small team that reopened the US Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan. She is the co-author of the book "Dissent: Voices of Conscience." (www.voicesofconscience.com)
Articles by this author
Thursday, April 06, 2017
Use Latest Tragedy in Syria to End the War, Not Escalate It
Four years ago, massive citizen opposition and mobilization stopped a possible U.S. military attack on the Assad government of Syria that many predicted would have made the terrible conflict even worse. Once again, we need to stop an escalation of that dreadful war and instead use this tragedy as...
Read more
Friday, March 31, 2017
Trump Succumbs to Bush/Obama Perpetual War
Fourteen years ago on March 19, 2003, I resigned from the U.S. government in opposition to President George W. Bush's decision to invade and occupy Iraq, an oil-rich Arab/Muslim country that had nothing to do with the events of Sept. 11, 2001, and that the Bush Administration knew did not have...
Read more
Tuesday, November 08, 2016
At Standing Rock, A Native American Woman Elder Says "This is What I Have Been Waiting for My Entire Life"
This time I have been at Standing Rock, North Dakota at the Oceti Shakowin camp to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) for four days during a whirlwind of national and international attention following two terrible displays of police brutality toward the water protectors. On October 27, over 100...
Read more
Wednesday, November 02, 2016
Public Servants or Corporate Security?: An Open Letter to Law Enforcement and National Guard in North Dakota
So you joined law enforcement or the National Guard because you wanted to uphold the law, protect innocent civilians against the bad guys, and help your community in times of need. Instead, they're having you blockade unarmed people who are trying to hold a prayer vigil, chasing them with armored...
Read more
Saturday, October 29, 2016
When Will It End? US Government Again Uses Militarized Response to Stand of Native Americans to Injustice
Its like we are back to the 1800s when the U.S. Army rampaged against Native American tribes across the American West. The militarized police and the use of the National Guard this week in responding to the Standing Rock Sioux native American challenge in North Dakota to big oil and their dangerous...
Read more
Monday, July 11, 2016
'War on Terror' Blowback Hits Dallas
In response to the killing of five police officers and wounding of seven more in Dallas, Texas, Police Chief David O. Brown became the first city or state official to order a remote-controlled execution of a suspected killer with whom hours of negotiation had not resulted in surrender. The decision...
Read more
Thursday, June 16, 2016
Building Bridges of Peace Instead of Fear - Citizen Diplomacy with Russia
I just flew across 11 times zones — from Tokyo, Japan to Moscow, Russia. Russia is the largest country in the world , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, nearly twice as large as the United States and has extensive mineral and energy resources, the largest reserves in...
Read more
Wednesday, June 08, 2016
Calling Out Drone War as a War Crime
Leading the charge against the U.S. "drone war" — now a key part of the Pentagon's forward fighting strategy — is an unlikely individual, Colonel Ann Wright, who spent most of her adult life as a diplomat, working in the U.S. State Department. Colonel Wright reopened the U.S. embassy in Kabul in...
Read more
Thursday, November 12, 2015
Will Obama Give Israel Even More American Weapons and Dollars to Kill Palestinians?
President Obama met with Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu on November 9 in the White House and is considering the Israeli request to give a 50% increase of nearly $1.5 billion in U.S. military funding bringing the U.S. donation to the killing of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza to $4.5...
Read more
Sunday, March 09, 2014
Barred Entry, We Send Our Support to the Women of Gaza from Afar
Read more


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Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Chiropractic Kinnelon NJ For Chiropractors in Kinnelon NJ call Marston Chiropractic - 973-838-6252 Kinnelon ChiropractorPHYSIAL THERAPY
Russell Installations will take care of all your roofing needs.
Marston Chiropractic practices at 1574 State Route 23, Butler, NJ 07405. Chiropractors diagnose and treat common spinal misalignments that can occur from lifestyle or injuries causing pain, discomfort and degenerative conditions.
Marston Chiropractic may be able to treat; back pain, sciatica, neck pain, shoulder pain, headaches, sports injuries, and auto accident injuries.
To learn more, or...
Be the first NJ.com user to add photos or videos of Marston Chiropractic
The best there is!! Fixed difficult leaks that 2 other roofing companies could not.
I have been a patient at Marston Chiropractic for a number of years. Dr. Marston is an excellent doctor. Not only does he take care of neck and back issues, but also gives advice on food, nutrition, exercise and self help.. His staff is friendly and efficient.One of the best in the area.
Dr. Marston graduated in 1990 from Life University School of Chiropractic, with honors, Magna Cum Laude. Dr. Marston also holds a degree in Clinical Nutrition, and a post graduate degree as a Certified Chiropractic Sports Physician. He was named to the National Dean`s list and Who`s Who among American colleges and universities. He was recently selected as a one of the Nation`s Best...
Since 1972 the company has been providing Roofing Contractor.


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Charmed Memories Sterling Silver Spinner Baby Feet Bead
Product code: 2011867 £8.75
save £26.25
was £35
was £35
In stock Limited Availability
Return within 30 days for full refund or exchange.Delivery Info Returns Info
Help Centre
For assistance with your purchase, visit our help centre for advice & tips so you can buy confidently with H.Samuel.
The perfect gift for a new parent, this delightful sterling silver spinner bead features baby feet detailing around the edges. Charmed Memories beads are the perfect way to create bespoke pieces of jewellery that capture your personal style.
- Brand
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ARTbio Galaxy servers
- If you are already an experimented Galaxy user, all you need is to create a new user account on the Mississippi server and get started. There, you freely benefit from 400 GB disk space as well as from the Galaxy tools installed in Mississippi. Data can be uploaded to Mississippi following the instructions given in the upload tool ("Choose FTP file" tab).
- If you are an authorized user, you can also access to the Plastisipi server


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Only Ever Yours by Louise O'Neill, published July 2015 by Quercus.
Read: October 2015
Genre: Young Adult/Contemporary/Feminism
Source: Purchased
#Pages: 400
Get It Now: Wordery
Goodreads Synopsis: eves are designed, not made. The School trains them to be pretty. The School trains them to be good. The School trains them to Always be Willing. All their lives, the eves have been waiting. Now, they are ready for the outside world. companion… concubine… or chastity? Only the best will be chosen. And only the Men decide.


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Making a holder for Kleenex Hand Towels in Your Bathroom
September 18, 2013
I love storage ideas. Especially when they are bathroom storage ideas because you always run out of space to store things in this room. There are so many things you can do to make your bathrooms look clean and organized.
Creative Organizing
Credit for Image(s): lollyjane.com


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Image Courtesy of FinkorSwim
By Jason A. Kofoed
Today was the second time this year that I was summoned for jury duty. The first time was back in January or February and the case was settled the day before the trial was to convene, so I never even had to report. Today, we the jurors were required to report to what was likely going to end up being a civil suit of some kind, but the defendant failed to show up so we were again dismissed. However, while the sign-in sheet was being passed around to the 70 or so potential jurors, the court clerk showed us a video produced by the State of Idaho explaining our duties to serve as jurors when summoned, the history of it and how it is required by the Constitution to preserve our rights. However, that's where the "constitutionality" stopped and the rest was filled with "you-must-follow-the-instructions-of-the-judge" fluff and filler. I was paying particular attention to see if there was going to be anything said about jury nullification but, alas, there was not. I was not suprised, only disappointed and frustrated.
Jury nullification is a right reserved to the trial jury to refuse to convict a defendant who is found guilty of breaking a law if the jury feels the "spirit" of the law has not been violated or if they feel the law is unconstitutional. This is powerful, yet overlooked!
According to Fully Informed Jury Association:
Have you ever considered this before? Back in June 2011, former Idaho Gubernatorial candidate Rex Rammell was actually arrested and charged with felony jury tampering in Idaho Falls, Idaho for informing prospective jurors of their right to nullification in his own upcoming court case. According to the report in the Idaho Reporter:
It's been a tough week for Idaho politicians with two of them arrested in the last four days on felony-level charges.
Early Sunday morning it was state Sen. John McGee, R-Caldwell, who was arrested for grand theft and drunken driving after he stole a sport utility vehicle and trailer and shortly thereafter jackknifed them in the driveway of an unsuspecting homeowner in south Boise.
Thursday, it was former gubernatorial candidate Rex Rammell who ended up in the back of a patrol car.
Rammell was taken into custody by Bonneville County sheriff's deputies in downtown Idaho Falls Thursday and is being charged with felony jury tampering. The charges stem from an incident prior to his trial for poaching an elk in which he reportedly handed prospective jurors pamphlets explaining their rights.
In raw video released by KPVI, Rammell doesn't deny that he handed out the pamphlets, but contends the action was not tampering. "I was, but it's not a felony to inform a jury of their rights," said Rammell as officers attempted to seat him in a police cruiser.
He vowed to fight the charge, saying that prosecutors are wrong. "That's what they say, but we will prove that it's not," Rammell explained.
The former gubernatorial candidate didn't make the arrest easy for deputies. He complained about their actions several times and said deputies were causing harm to his shoulder because they cuffed him behind his back.
Rammell also decried the arrest because he claimed to be on the way to turn himself into police. "I don't like the way I am being treated," he said. "This is unnecessary. I am a good citizen. This is not the way to treat a good citizen."
If he is convicted on the tampering charge, he could face five years in jail and a $50,000 fine. Idaho Code 18-1304 prohibits "attempts to influence a juror, or any person summoned or drawn as a juror, or chosen as an arbitrator or umpire, or appointed a referee, in respect to his verdict in, or decision of, any cause pending, or about to be brought before him." The law specifically bans using "any paper" to sway jurors.
The former candidate was already on trial for poaching an elk in eastern Idaho last fall. Rammell was offered a plea deal, but he was unwilling to accept a misdemeanor charge that went along with it, so he balked.
Rammell is due back in court for the poaching case on June 30.
Now, I recall this incident very clearly as it occurred in a city 15 minutes away and it was played and replayed over and over again as the media was relentless in trying to further tarnish the reputation of Mr. Rammell who had had previous run-ins with the law. So, if it's illegal for ordinary citizens to inform potential jurors of their right to jury nullification (though I completely disagree with Idaho Code 18-1304 being cited in this context) and the judges refuse to inform the jurors as a part of their "instructions and duties", then whose job is it? Well, it's YOURS and MINE before the court cases are scheduled and potential jurors summoned. We must inform our fellow citizens of this important obligation to protect ourselves in the days ahead.
What are we going to do when all the unconstitutional laws being passed at this very moment in time are fully enacted and enforced? What will we do when WE are out of compliance with the new gun laws, cybersecurity laws, Obamacare laws, tax laws, etc., etc. and it is OUR turn to be sitting as a defendant in a so-called "court of law" and our fate is in the hands of an ignorant jury who is afraid of the judge and think they have to do exactly as he instructs when our God-given rights say otherwise? Will you want jurors who understand they have the right and POWER to nullify the charges? I sure as heck will!
Again, from the FIJA website:
If you serve on a jury in a criminal trial, the judge will likely tell you that his job is to interpret the law, and to inform you about it, and that your job is only to determine whether the defendant did the thing of which (s)he was accused. Wrong.
The judge is the referee of the proceedings. His job is to maintain order, and to ensure that witnesses are sworn in, and properly questioned and cross-examined.
The job of a jury is to protect citizens from the awesome power of the state. If the state does not prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, if the statute allegedly violated does not involve a real crime, if the punishment is too severe, it is your right and duty to acquit, denying the state the power to cage a human being like an animal.
Folks, don't wait until you are summoned to a jury trial and most certainly don't wait until you find yourself on trial for violating one of these outrageous and unconstitutional "laws". Educate yourselves and those around you NOW!


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Four people have been reportedly killed in Galwyi Village in Chikun local government area of Kaduna State following an attack by gunmen suspected to be Fulani herdsmen.
The attack on Galwyi village, according DAILY POST findings led to the killing of four persons, including the Youth Leader of the village (Sarkin Masari).
It was gathered that it took the brevity and quick response of some armed vigilante group to repel the attack. They successfully chased the attackers out of the communities.
"We want to call on the state government and the Interim Management Chairperson of Chikun Local government who has being insensitive to the plight of the people to wake up from their slumber," a resident lamented.
"They should collaborate and send all relevant security agencies to these villages that are being attacked; this has been an unending recurrent issue, which needs to be tackled immediately," the source explained.


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Darn Americans, coming over here and stealing our jokes. Comedy fans can hardly move for yarn-spinning Yanks.
Jerry Seinfeld the other week, two this weekend and more coming. We might be nations divided by a common language, said Churchill, but judging by the rapturous responses these skilful visitors received, we are united by a shared passion for outrageous humour.
It is hard to imagine that Kathy Griffin could ever have a better gig than yesterday's show. The sitcom stalwart who recently had a reality TV hit, My Life on the D-List, entered to a roar which barely eased during her two-hour set. Griffin barely eased too, as she verbally stomped all over the royal wedding, her mum and a litany of Hollywood celebrities. Joan Rivers might be queen of bitchy banter, but Griffin is Pippa to Joan's Kate.
At times it seemed as if she was merely nattering about recent misadventures - her horrendous hotel, dinner with Ricky Gervais where she told diners he likes it when fans sit on his lap - but this blazing redhead with the flamethrower gob never stumbled, never hesitated. She would trounce the opposition on Just A Minute if she was broadcastable.
Griffin was at her best riffing on home ground, skewering showbiz shallowness, rocking the rafters with anecdotes that dissed Oprah Winfrey, Will Smith, Lady Gaga and Cameron Diaz.
With the campometer on full, she explained her gripe against Gwyneth Paltrow: "She's perfect, I'm bitter." Long may she be bitter if it produces turbo-charged performances such as this.
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The grade boundary mark varies from year to year, according to how hard the paper was. Should it be 40 or 41 this time? One examiner claims that those with 40 should be given the benefit of the doubt. Another says no - grade C is one of the three top grades at GCSE and the sample scripts with 40 do not suggest they are worth C.
The chairman steps in to remind them that they have only looked at the first paper and that the picture will change as they consider the second paper and the coursework. A board official points out that, because of a rule change dictated by government advisers, it will be less easy this year to give candidates the benefit of the doubt. So the boundary between grades C and D for the first paper is fixed at 41, just one mark higher than last year.
Marking exams is a high-profile business. During the past few years, critics have suggested that it has become easier to get good grades and that exam boards are so keen to gain the reputation for being "easier" than their competitors that they have lowered standards. In reply, the boards point to their long and careful procedures, now standardised by a code of practice.
Throughout the country, hundreds of similar meetings are taking place at the five GCSE examining groups for each subject. It is a long and labyrinthine process which, for this year's Business Studies, begins at 10am and continues until after 5.30pm. Despite the good humoured atmosphere among the eight-strong group of examiners, no one is in danger of forgetting that the grades of 21,000 candidates depend on their decisions.
There are two main ways in which the grade boundaries are decided. The first is through the judgement of the examiners on a sample of this year's scripts. The second is by looking at statistics showing the proportion of candidates awarded each grade. Both are taken into account to determine the boundary. Both are necessary, say the boards, because it would not be right to adopt a purely statistical approach and assign a proportion of candidates to particular grades: candidates' attainment may vary from year to year.
However, changes in the quality of candidates from one year to the next are likely to be small. This means that big differences in the marks achieved on any paper from one year to the next are much more likely to occur because the paper was harder or the marking stricter. Statistics are used to make allowances for such changes.
The examiners, who are teachers released from their schools, have two sets of figures. First, the grade boundaries for last year's candidates and the proportion awarded each grade and, second, statistical predictions for this year's boundaries, which take into account possible changes in the types of candidate entering. GCSE grades range from A*(top) to G. In the course of the day, they have to decide on the mark required to obtain an A, a C and an F.
The chief examiner starts by saying that he doesn't feel the candidates did much better this year and that he's expecting the outcome of the meeting to be much the same as last year. He brings some questions to the attention of his colleagues. "In question 3A, we were trying to help the less able. It gave a few more easy marks so I've asked for slightly higher marks for the F/G boundary." He directs them to Part B as a question "that sorted the sheep from the goats". He suggests 40 as the boundary and as that coincides exactly with the statistical prediction the group settles down to study a selection of scripts, given marks ranging from 35 to 45 marks.
Silence falls as the committee reads the scripts and decides which are definitely a C and which are definitely not - the term they use is "in" or "out". When they are ready, the chairman asks everyone for their conclusion. The relevant marks are chalked up on the board and a tally kept of the number of ins, outs and question-marks for each mark. Some 40s for example, are in and some are out. An odd 39 may be in but most are out. A line is drawn above the mark at which most are out and another below which most are in, leaving a grey area. This year 38 is definitely out and 42 in. The three marks in between are halved and the result rounded up to the nearest whole number. It is 41, just one above both the statistical prediction and the chief examiner's recommendation.
The whole process is then repeated to decide the percentage required for an A and the same for an F. Then it's on to paper two, where the same decisions have to be taken again.
Here the Information Technology is acknowledged to have been difficult and the meeting is asked to take that into account. There are some exam- howler jokes. "Primary industries use first-hand material, secondary industries use second-hand material and tertiary industries a bit of both," is one. Once the provisional boundaries for both papers and the coursework are agreed, the results are placed alongside the statistics and the final grade boundaries are calculated.
Is it all a fix? The final results suggest not - there is no obvious pattern. Although a slightly higher percentage than last year will receive As and A*s, the proportion receiving Cs will be 2 per cent lower. So complex is the procedure that, if there is a conspiracy, it must have been designed by someone with the brain of an Einstein.
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