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Henry David Thoreau 说"大多数人都生活在一种安静的绝望当中,"Miguel Torga,一位伟大的葡萄牙作家说过"生活的意义是我们赋予她的,我们的富足,我们的热情,我们的骄傲—抑或我们的懦弱。"
Henry David Thoreau said that 'most men lead lives of quiet desperation,' and Miguel Torga, the great Portuguese writer, said that 'life has the meaning we give it — our richness, our enthusiasm, our pride — or our cowardice.'
The search for meaning is a constant theme in our lives and we try to find it in many different ways. I believe that meaning can be found in the way we add to the world. Let me explain.
Step One: Take control
奥地利心理学家、大屠杀中的幸存者Victor Frankl告诉我们在人们寻找意义的时候,在激励和反应中间存在一个缺口,这个缺口在我们一生的经历当中都是存在的。与Pavlov的狗不同的是,我们可以对生命中出现的事物自由地做出我们的反应。许多乃至大多数人驾驶着自动舵穿梭于自己的生命历程中,总是习惯性地用他们在课堂中学来的方法做出同样的反应,经常上演他们儿时就编写好的剧本。
Austrian psychiatrist and survivor of the holocaust Victor Frankl tells us in Man's Search for Meaning that between stimulus and response there is a gap, and in that gap lies the whole of our experience. Unlike Pavlov's dogs, we are free to choose our responses to the things that come our way. Many – perhaps most – people go through life on autopilot, reacting in the same habituated ways they have learned over the course of their life, often rehearsing the scripts they developed as children.
In adult life, many of these scripts are maladaptive and only serve to impoverish our experience and damage us and those we love. When we react defensively to a criticism, when we start to get angry because we are stuck in a traffic jam, when we keep on smoking despite knowing how bad it is, we are ignoring the gap and abdicating our freedom.
But the truth is that we are free – we are not robots, we are not like dogs salivating when a bell rings. We are pulling our own strings and when the stimulus comes we can take control, change our response and hence change our life. Of course, the power of our habits is strong and keeps pulling us back, but the gap is always there, even after a long lifetime of unconscious behavior, and over time we can expand the gap and become more free. In The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People, Steven Covey calls this being proactive, the first step towards a life of meaning. In truth, we have always been in control, but we need to realize this before can move on.
Step Two: Adding Value
Once we have seen that we can change our own life and construct our own experience, we are able to orchestrate things so that we experience greater meaning.
但是生活中什末是有意义的呢?金钱,财产,成功的职业,豪华的汽车,光彩照人的配偶或是合作者? 我相信大多数人都认同这些并不能为我们带来持续的、深刻的意义。
But what gives meaning to our lives? Is it money, property, a successful career, a big car, an attractive spouse or partner? I'm sure most people would agree that these things in themselves do not add lasting and profound meaning to us.
爱因斯坦说过"只有为他人而存在的生命才是值得的,"我也相信能服务于他人的生命才是能带来真正的意义。 我更喜欢用增加附加值这个说法,因为这样更能清楚地表达我想要描述的东西。
Albert Einstein said that 'only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile,' and I believe that a life of service to others is what truly brings meaning. I prefer to use the term adding value, since this describes what I mean more accurately.
"服务"这个词告诉我们需要放弃我们的工作和金钱去帮助贫困的人。我知道不少这样做的人,他们都在自己所选择的生活方式中感受到了幸福和安宁。但是能够增加附加值的生活并不意味着要放弃你个人的需要和愿望。这不等同于牺牲,甚至相距甚远— 当我们真正的为别人的生活带来附加值时,我们不是在帮助别人而是在丰富我们自己。
The term 'service' suggests that we have to give up our jobs and money to go help the poor and destitute. I know several people who have done just this, and they have certainly found happiness and peace in their choice of lifestyle. But a life of adding value does not mean abandoning your own needs and desires. It is not the same as sacrifice. Far from it – when we truly add value to the lives of others, we cannot help but receive value ourselves.
Examples of this kind of synergy abound in nature. For example, tree roots are often surrounded by fungal growths that take nutrients from the trees. Having no chloroplasts of their own, the fungi cannot synthesize the precursors of respiration, and so they piggyback on the trees' ability to do this. In return, the tree gets to use the fungi's vast subterranean network, extending its own reach and sucking in more nutrients from the soil. The soil, of course, gets this all back – and more – when the tree dies.
Our own body is, perhaps, the ultimate example of synergy in nature, all organs and system working together to create a wonderful entity where the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
增加附加值是让生命有意义的唯一方式。Victor Frankl说我们必须去探索发现各自生命的意义,我想他的意思是指我们需要去寻找各自最好的方式来增加附加值。
Adding value is the only real way to live a meaningful life. Victor Frankl said that we must detect the meaning in our own lives, and I think what he meant by this was that we need to figure out the best way of adding value.
Step Three: Do What You Love
So the question remains, how can we add value? I believe the answer to this is surprisingly simple.
引用以下Steve Jobs2005年的演讲时说的话,"你的工作将会占据你生命中的一大部分,真正也是唯一能让你获得满足的就是去做你认为伟大的工作。而唯一能做出伟大工作的方法就是热爱你所做的工作。如果你还没有找到它,请接着寻找。"
To quote Steve Jobs in a speech he gave in 2005, 'Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking.'
在苹果公司的发展过程中,Steve Jobs毫无疑问的为这个世界带来了巨大的价值。 他追随自己的内心因此也获得了巨大的回报。同样的道理对于许多有名的,成功而富有的人都是成立的。
Through Apple, Steve Jobs has undoubtedly added immense value to the world. He did it by following his heart and has been richly rewarded for it. The same can be said for many famous, successful and wealthy people.
道理很简单。找到你热爱的事,然后去做。增加价值。 取得成功。也许第一步最为艰难。 你知道自己热爱什末吗?生活中没有什末比找到它更为重要的了。
The formula is simple. Find what you love. Do it. Add value. Be a success. Perhaps the first step is the hardest. Do you know what you love? There is little more important in life than finding out.
最后,提供一些参考。在"生活,生存"中, Mark Albion引用了Srully Blotnick进行的一项研究。 在1969至1980年追踪1500多名商学院的毕业生的职业经历,结果分为2组,A组说他们希望先挣钱然后就可以再去做自己喜欢的事情;B组说他们将追随自己的兴趣,不考虑经济上的因素。 在研究结束时,有101为百万富翁。只有1名不是来自B组。
Finally, some food for thought. In Making a Life, Making a Living, Mark Albion cites a study carried out by Srully Blotnick. The careers of 1,500 business school graduates were tracked from 1969 to 1980 and were split into two groups: group A said they wanted to make money first so they could do what they really wanted later, and group B said they would follow their interests first, regardless of financial considerations. At the end of the study, there were 101 millionaires. All but one came from group B.
2010-06-11 12:24 编辑:kuaileyingyu
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GFVGA Congratulates Zippy Duvall- American Farm Bureau's Next President!
February 3, 2016 – 6:49 pm | Filed Under:
At approximately 4:00 PM on January 12th, Zippy Duvall became the first Georgian to be elected President of the American Farm Bureau Federation. Duvall was elected to a two-year term on the third round of balloting. He ran against Barry Bushue of Oregon, Kevin Rogers of Arizona and Don Villwock of Indiana. After Bob Stallman announced his retirement as AFBF President, Georgia Farm Bureau President Zippy Duvall launched an aggressive campaign reaching out to other state farm bureaus asking for their support for his election. In his nomination speech as he addressed the AFBF voting delegates Duvall said, "This election isFull Story »

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Justin chambers
Explorează subiecte asemănătoare
Day 9 of the Grey's Anatomy of the 30 Day Photo Challenge - Favorite Actor Justin Chambers is my favorite actor on Grey's Anatomy. He is a great actor. I don't understand how he is not more popular.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 9, 1999
|Filing date
|Apr 1, 1997
|Priority date
|Apr 1, 1997
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Michael A. Strait, Homer G. Hill, Robert A. Schweizer, Stephen Seng
|Original Assignee
|Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (33), Classifications (18), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to the manufacture of glass fiber pellets. In particular, the present invention provides a process for making densified glass fiber pellets by combining multiple segments of a chopped multi-fiber glass strand. Such pellets provide a convenient form for the storage and handling of chopped glass fibers used as reinforcing materials in composite structures.
Chopped glass fibers are commonly used as reinforcement materials in thermoplastic articles. Typically, such fibers are formed by drawing molten glass into filaments through a bushing or orifice plate, applying a sizing composition containing lubricants, coupling agents, and film-forming binder resins to the filaments, gathering the filaments into strands, chopping the fiber strands into segments of the desired length, and drying the sizing composition. These chopped strand segments are thereafter mixed with a polymerized resin, and the mixture supplied to a compression- or injection-molding machine to be formed into glass fiber reinforced plastic articles. Typically, the chopped strands are mixed with pellets of a thermoplastic polymer, and the mixture supplied to an extruder wherein the resin is melted, the integrity of the glass fiber strands is destroyed and the fibers are dispersed throughout the molten resin, and the fiber/resin dispersion is formed into pellets. These pellets are then fed to the molding machine and formed into molded articles having a substantially homogeneous dispersion of the glass fibers throughout.
Unfortunately, however, chopped glass fibers made via such processes are typically bulky and do not flow well. Consequently, such fibers are difficult to handle and have been problematic in automated processing equipment.
One attempt at solving this problem has been to compact the chopped strands into denser rod-shaped bundles or pellets to improve the flowability of the chopped strands and enable the use of automated equipment to weigh and transport the glass fibers for mixing with the thermoplastic resins. Such a process is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,840,755, wherein wet chopped strands are rolled, preferably on a vibrating carrier, to round the strands and compact them into denser, cylindrically shaped pellets. While such methods and apparatus tend to provide denser, more cylindrically shaped pellets exhibiting better flowability, they are undesirably limited in certain respects.
For example, the pellet size and fiber content are generally limited by the size and number of fibers in the chopped strand, in that the process is designed to avoid multiple chopped strand segments from adhering together to form pellets containing more fibers than are present in a single chopped strand. Consequently, to obtain pellets having a suitable bulk density and a sufficient ratio of diameter to length to exhibit good flowability, the strand from which the segments are chopped usually must be formed of a large number of filaments. However, increasing the number of filaments required to be formed and combined into a single strand undesirably complicates the forming operation.
In an attempt to overcome these shortcomings, U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,535 discloses glass fiber pellets that are from about 20 to 30 percent denser than the individual glass strands from which they are made, and from about 5 to 15 times larger in diameter. These pellets are prepared by hydrating cut strand segments to a level sufficient to prevent filamentization but insufficient to cause the strand segments to agglomerate into a clump, and mixing the hydrated strand segments for a time sufficient to form pellets. Suitable mixing includes a process that will keep the fibers moving over and around one another, such as tumbling, agitating, blending, commingling, stirring, or intermingling.
Although the disclosed pellets can be made by such diverse mixing processes, it has been discovered that many of such processes are either too inefficient to be used commercially, or cannot be adequately controlled to produce a uniform pellet product that provides the resulting composite article with strength characteristics comparable to those made from nonpelleted chopped strand fibers. For example, the use of a modified disk pelletizer frequently results in excessive residence time of the formed pellets within the mixer, which results in degradation of the pellets due to the abrasive nature of glass fiber pellets rubbing against one another. Such pellet degradation ultimately reduces the strength characteristics of the molded articles made therewith.
Accordingly, a need exists for an efficient pellet-forming process that controllably yields a uniform glass fiber pellet product that provides strength characteristics equal to nonpelleted chopped strand fibers in composite molded articles. Such a need is fulfilled by the present invention, which is summarized and described in detail below.
An object of the present invention is to provide an efficient pellet-forming process that controllably yields substantially uniform glass fiber pellets having a shape and a density that provide good flowability. Another object is to produce pellets that may be used in the manufacture of a glass fiber reinforced composite article without an appreciable loss in strength characteristics in comparison to comparable products made with nonpelleted chopped strands.
Such objects are achieved by a process wherein glass fiber strands comprised of a multiplicity of substantially continuous glass fibers are chopped into segments of the desired length and hydrated to a moisture content sufficient to cause the strand segments to coalesce into pellets upon tumbling. Thereafter, the strand segments are subjected to a first tumbling action to distribute the hydrating solution substantially uniformly over the strand segments and to cause the strand segments to combine to form pellets. The density of the pellets is then increased by compacting the pellets by a second tumbling action.
The process of the invention may advantageously employ an apparatus comprising: (a) means for cutting the glass fiber strands to form chopped strand segments; (b) means for conveying the chopped strand segments to a first tumbling apparatus; (c) means for applying a hydrating solution to the chopped strand segments; (d) a cylindrical tumbling apparatus for imparting a tumbling action to the chopped strand segments to disperse the hydrating solution and cause the chopped strand segments to align and coalesce into pellets; (e) means for conveying the pellets to a second tumbling apparatus; (f) a zig-zag or undulating tumbling apparatus for tumbling the pellets to compact them and increase their density; (g) means for conveying the densified pellets to a dryer; and (h) drying means adapted to receive and dry the pellets.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description below in conjunction with the appended drawings, in which like reference numbers refer to like elements.
FIG. 1a is an illustration of a rotary drum pelletizing system useful in the invention; and FIG. 1b is a frontal view of a preferred embodiment of a pellet densifying system useful in the invention.
FIG. 2 is a frontal view of a preferred embodiment of a blender apparatus for performing pelletizing and densifying steps.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a preferred apparatus of the invention for forming fibers and processing them into densified pellets.
In the process of the invention, a strand of substantially continuous glass fibers is formed by conventional techniques such as drawing molten glass through a heated bushing to form a multitude of substantially continuous glass fibers and collecting the fibers into a strand. Any suitable apparatus for producing such fibers and collecting them into a strand can be used in the present invention.
Suitable fibers are fibers having a diameter of from about 3 microns to about 90 microns, and suitable strands contain from about 50 fibers to about 2000 fibers. Preferably, the strands formed in the process of the invention contain from about 400 fibers to about 800 fibers having a diameter of from about 3 microns to about 23 microns.
After the fibers are formed, and prior to their collection into a strand, the fibers may be coated with a suitable aqueous sizing composition, such as one known in the art. Preferably, the sizing composition consists essentially of water, one or more coupling agents, and optionally, one or more lubricants and pH adjusters.
Suitable coupling agents include organofunctional silanes, such as those available from Witco under the following trade designations:
__________________________________________________________________________A-154Methyl-trichloro-silane MeSiCl3A-163Methyl-trimethoxy-silane MeSi(OCH3)3A-189γ-Mercaptopropyl-trimethoxy-silane HS(CH2)3 Si(OCH3)3A-143γ-Chloropropyl-trimethoxy-silane Cl(CH2)3 Si(OMe)3A-151Vinyl-triethoxy-silane CH2 CHSi(OC2 H5)3A-172Vinyl-tris-(2-methoxyethoxy)silane CH2 CHSi(OCH2 CH2 OCH3)3A-188Vinyl-triacetoxy-silane CH2 CHSi(OOCCH3)3A-1100γ-(Amino)-propyl-triethoxy-silane H2 N(CH2)3 Si(OC2 H5)3 aA-1120n-(Trimethoxy-silyl-propyl-ethylene- H2 N(CH2)2 NH(CH2)3 Si(OCH3)3diamine)A-174γ-(Methacryloxy)propyl-triethoxy-silane ##STR1##A-187γ-Glycidoxy-propyl- trimethoxy-silane ##STR2##__________________________________________________________________________
Preferred coupling agents for use in the invention are 3-aminopropyltriethoxy-silane and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy-silane commercially available from Osi of Witco under the trade, designations A-1100 and A-187, respectively. Preferably, the organofunctional silanes are used in an amount of from about 0.1 percent to about 1.0 percent of the sizing composition.
Any suitable lubricant may be used in the sizing composition, such as water-soluble ethyleneglycol stearates, ethyleneglycol oleates, ethoxylated fatty amines, glycerine, emulsified mineral oil, and organo polysiloxane emulsions. Preferred lubricants include: polyethyleneglycol monostearate; polyethyleneglycol mono-oleate; butoxyethyl stearate: stearic ethanolamide (Lubsize K12, available from Alpha/Owens Corning); a lubricant disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,597,265, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein (available from Emery Corp. under the trade designation Emerlube 6760); and a blend of 30% white oil, 30% polyethylene glycol 400 monopelargonate, 30% polyoxyethylene (3) myristic alcohol, and 10% ethoxylated alkyl amine (Parastat S-2) (Emerlube 7607, available from Emery Corp.). Preferably, the lubricant is present in the sizing composition in an amount of from about 0.05 percent to about 0.10 percent by weight.
Additionally, small amounts of weak acids, such as acetic acid, may be added to the sizing composition to lower the pH of the composition to from about 3.5 to about 8. Preferably, such acids are present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.15 percent to about 0.3 percent by weight, and the pH of the composition is from about 6 to about 8.
Suitable sizing compositions for the invention include:
______________________________________1. A-1100 organofunctional silane (58% active content) 0.5%Deionized water Balance2. A-1100 organofunctional silane (58% active content) 0.5%Lubesize K12 (Alpha/Owens Corning) 0.07%Glacial acetic acid to pH of 6 to 8Deionized water Balance3. A-1100 organofunctional silane (58% active content) 0.5%Emerlube 7607 (Emery Corp.) 0.1%Deionized water Balance4. A-1100 organofunctional silane (58% active content) 0.5%Polyethylene glycol 400 monostearate 0.1%Deionized water Balance5. A-1100 organofunctional silane (58% active content) 0.5%Emerlube 6760U (Emery Corp.) 0.01%Deionized water Balance6. A-1100 organofunctional silane (58% active content) 0.38%A-187 organofunctional silane 0.12%Deionized water Balance______________________________________
The aqueous sizing composition can be applied by any conventional means, including a kiss roll applicator and sprays. Preferably, the sizing composition is applied by passing the fibers over a kiss roll applicator. Moreover, the sizing is preferably applied to the fibers in an amount sufficient to provide the fibers with a moisture content of from about 8 percent to about 13 percent, more preferably about 11% (unless indicated otherwise, all percentages herein are by weight).
Once formed, the continuous strands are chopped into lengths of from about one-eighth inch to one and one-fourth inch. Any suitable means known in the art for chopping glass fiber strands into such lengths can be used in the process.
Thereafter, the moisture content of the chopped strand segments is adjusted to a level suitable for the formation of pellets when the chopped stand segments are caused to move over and around one another, and the chopped strand segments are introduced into a pelletizer, which imparts such motion to the strand segments. While the moisture content of the strand segments can be adjusted prior to their introduction into the pelletizer, it is preferred that the glass fibers are hydrated to a moisture content suitable for pellet formation in the pelletizer. Preferably, the moisture content of the fibers in the pelletizer is from about 12 percent to about 16 percent, more preferably from about 13 percent to about 14 percent. If the moisture content is too low, the strands tend not to combine into pellets and will remain in a typical strand formation. Conversely, if the moisture content is too high, the strands tend to agglomerate or clump or form pellets of too large a diameter and an irregular, noncylindrical shape.
Additionally, it is preferred that the hydrating fluid also contain a binder or second sizing composition. The hydrating fluid may thus contain suitable components, such as those typically included in glass fiber sizing compositions, e.g., film formers, wetting agents, anti-static agents, and additional coupling agents and lubricants. By applying this second sizing composition in the pelletizer, an application efficiency of 100% may be attained. Moreover, applying this sizing outside of the fiber-forming environment permits the inclusion of materials which are not desirable in the forming process because of toxicity, cleanliness, odor, high cost, or shear sensitivity.
Examples of suitable binder compositions that can be incorporated into the hydrating fluid include the following compositions (unless indicated otherwise, all percentage are by weight):
__________________________________________________________________________ EpiRez 3544 - epoxy water dispersion at 53% resin solids (Shell Chem. Co). 12.58% Witco 290H - polyurethane water dispersion at 62% resin solids (Witco Co.) 0.99% A-1100 organofunctional silane at 58% active solids (Witco 0.10% Deionized water Remainder Size compositions described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,982, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Terephthalic acid 3.21% Ammonium hydroxide at 28% active content 3.89% GenFlo 559 - polyurethane water dispersion at 50% resin 4.06%s (General Tire and Rubber Co.) ChemCor 43N40 polypropylene water dispersion at 40% resin 8.12%s (Chemical Corporation of America) Deionized water Remainder Z6020 - organofunctional silane (Dow Corning Corp.) 2.65% Pluronic 10R5 - block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene 1.8%e (BASF Corp.) Deionized water Remainder Z6020 .89% Maldene 286 - copolymer of maleic anhydride and butadiene 13.3% (Lindau Chemicals, Inc.) Ammonium hydroxide at 28% active content 1.6% Deionized water Remainder__________________________________________________________________________
The foregoing are examples of binder formulations which have been evaluated and been found useful in the process of the invention. The artisan may select other suitable binders formulations or other components that may be used. Indeed, an advantage of the invention is that almost all aqueous size formulations used in glass fiber forming technology should be useful as binders for spraying onto the fibers in the tumbling apparatus in accordance with the process of the invention.
To ensure good coverage of the fiber strands, it is preferred that the sizing be applied to the strand segments as they enter the pelletizer and before they begin to coalesce into pellets. If the sizing is applied at other locations within the pelletizer, there is a tendency for pellets to form before the chopped strands are completely coated with the sizing composition, which results in pellets formed of fibers that are not all coated with the sizing composition. When such pellets are used in the manufacture of fiber reinforced plastic articles, the uncoated fibers lack the interfacial coating required to provide good reinforcing characteristics, and the resulting article will have less than optimal properties. Preferably, the pelletizer is equipped with a spray nozzle located adjacent to the strand segment inlet for spraying the sizing composition onto the strand segments as they enter the pelletizer.
The pelletizer used in the present invention can be any apparatus capable of tumbling the strand segments in such a way that: (1) they become substantially uniformly coated with the aqueous binder/sizing composition; and (2) multiple chopped strand segments align and coalesce into pellets of the desired size. Such a tumbling apparatus should have an average residence time sufficient to insure that the strand segments become substantially coated with the hydrating fluid and form pellets, but insufficient for the pellets to be damaged or degraded through abrasion by rubbing against one another. Preferably, the residence time in the tumbling apparatus is from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes. More preferably, the residence time in the tumbling apparatus is from about 1 minute to about 3 minutes.
A preferred pelletizer is a rotating drum, such as drum 41 shown in FIG. 1a. The pelletizer 41 receives chopped strand segments 24, which may be prepared using a fiber-forming bushing 11, size applicator 13, gathering shoe 14, and chopping device 20.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus is provided with a system for monitoring and/or adjusting various parameters, which may be automatically controlled via a control panel 70, such as an Allen Bradley PLC-5/40 PLC system. If desired, the moisture content of the incoming strand segments 24 may be measured using suitable means 71. A strand weighing device 72 may be provided and suitably located, e.g., before, after, or in association with strand conveyor 30. A similar weighing device may be used to monitor the weight of the pellets on conveyor 31. Metering of binder and water may be achieved by controlling pumps 33 and 34.
The drum 41 is adapted to accommodate a spray head for applying the hydrating solution to the strand segments 24 as they enter the drum. Preferably, an external air-mixing nozzle 47 is mounted in the drum near its inlet for mixing of an aqueous binder composition, which may be supplied via a Masterflex pump 33 from a binder supply 35, with any additional water, which may be supplied via a Masterflex pump 34 from a water supply 36, required to bring the moisture content of the chopped strand segments to the desired level and apply the mixture to the chopped strand segments in the drum. The binder composition and water are combined into one fluid stream through the nozzle orifice, which is then hit with two jets of air positioned 180 degrees apart and at an angle of 60 degrees to the direction of the stream flow. This effectively creates a mist which is propelled onto the surface of the tumbling strand segments in the drum. Rotation of the drum causes the wet strand segments to tumble around one another while the surface tension created by the wet sizing or coating causes strand segments contacting one another over a substantial portion of their length to align with one another and coalesce into a cylindrically shaped pellet. By such action, any fines or single fibers created during the chopping operation are recombined with and incorporated into the forming pellets to essentially eliminate individual fine fibers from the resulting pellets. Preferably, the drum is tilted slightly so that the end of the drum from which the pellets exit is lower than the end in which they enter to ensure that the pellets formed in the drum do not remain in the drum for an excessive period of time. In a preferred embodiment, the drum is tilted such that its axis of rotation is at an angle (θ) of from about 1 degree to about 3 degrees from horizontal. The angle of tilt may be adjusted manually or automatically using appropriate adjustment means 43a.
The size of the pellets formed in the drum is controlled primarily by the moisture content of the strand segments. If the moisture content is maintained at a high level, a greater number of strand segments will coalesce into a pellet and the pellet will thus be of larger diameter. Conversely, if the moisture is maintained at a lower level, fewer strand segments will coalesce into a pellet and the pellet will thus have a smaller diameter.
Preferably the pellets formed by the process of the invention have a diameter of from about 20% to about 65% of their length. Such pellets are typically formed by combining from about 70 strand segments to about 175 strand segments, each containing from about 500 individual filaments per strand to 2000 individual filaments per strand.
The size of the pellets is also effected by the drum throughput. If the drum throughput is high, the strand segments have a shorter residence time in the drum, which tends to result in the formation of smaller pellets because the fluid application does not disperse on the strands and the strands will not coalesce into a pellet. However, because the pellets that are formed are in the drum for a shorter period of time, less compaction of the pellets occurs.
Although some compaction of the formed pellets invariably occurs in the pelletizer, it is typically insufficient to increase the pellet density to a level providing optimum flowability. For this reason, after their formation in the pelletizer 41, the pellets are fed into a densifier 42 wherein the pellets are further compacted and densified. Any low-impact tumbling apparatus that will compact the pellets without degrading them through abrasion or otherwise damaging the pellets can be used. Preferably, the densifier has a gentler, less vigorous tumbling action than that of the pelletizer to minimize such degradation of the pellets. Furthermore, the densifier preferably has an average residence time of less than about 5 minutes, to ensure that the pellets are not degraded through abrasion. More preferably, the average residence time in the densifier is from about 1 minute to about 2 minutes.
A preferred densifier is a zig-zag tube adapted to be rotated about its longitudinal axis (x) as shown in FIG. 1b. The zig-zag tube 42 is rotationally mounted on a frame 43 via caster assemblies 44 and rotationally driven by drive motor 45. As the tube is rotated, pellets in the tube are gently tumbled about by the tube's rotation as they are pulled through the tube by gravity. As with the rotating drum above, the zig-zag tube densifier is preferably tilted at a slight angle to ensure that the pellets flow through the apparatus without excessive residence times. Preferably the longitudinal axis of the tube is at an angle of from about 1 degree to about 3 degrees from horizontal, with the tube inlet 39 being higher than the tube outlet 49.
Although pellet formation and densification may occur in separate apparatuses, such as a separate rotary drum 41 and a rotating zig-zag tube 42 with a conveyor 31 therebetween as shown in FIG. 1a, the process of the present invention may be accomplished using other suitable means. For example, pellet formation and densification may occur in different apparatuses or in separate tumbling regions or zones within a single apparatus. A preferred example of such an apparatus is a "Zig-Zag" blender commercially available from Patterson Kelly, which is illustrated at 40 in FIG. 3.
Blender 40 comprises a rotating drum 41 connected to a zig-zag tube 42 at one end of the drum. Both the drum 41 and tube 42 are rotationally mounted on a frame 43 via caster assemblies 44 and rotationally driven by a variable-speed motor 45. The zig-zag tube is attached to the drum at a location radially distant form the rotational center of the drum and is in flow communication therewith such that upon each revolution of the drum, material inside the drum will flow into the tube as the tube attachment site goes below the level of material in the drum. The chopped strand segments 24 enter pelletizing drum 41 through inlet 46. The incoming strand segments are sprayed with a hydrating solution, preferably containing binders, film formers, lubricants, antistats, and coupling agents, through spray nozzle 47 located adjacent inlet 46. The rotation of pelletizing drum 41 causes the strand segments inside the drum to tumble over and around one another, which distributes the hydrating solution over the surface of the strand segments and causes the strand segments to align and coalesce into pellets 48, which may be delivered onto a conveyor belt 50. In this embodiment, pellets formed in the drum are further densified in the zig-zag tube.
After densification, the pellets are dried, e.g., using a hooded oven supplied with hot air 61 and cooling air 62 or any suitable drying means 60. In order to reduce drying time to a level acceptable for commercial mass production, it is preferred that the fibers are dried at elevated temperatures of from about 250� F. to about 560� F. in a fluidized-bed oven. After drying, the densified pellets 48 may be classified by size using a screen 65 or other suitable device.
By varying the throughput and moisture content of the glass strand segments, glass fiber pellets can be made that are from about 13% to about 60% denser than the corresponding unpelleted glass strand segments, and from about 10 times to about 65 times larger in diameter. For example, chopped 4-mm (length) segments of a 2000-filament strand composed of 14-micron (diameter) fibers typically have a bulk density of from about 33 lb./ft3 to about 36 lb./ft3. After being hydrated to a moisture content of from about 13 percent to about 14 percent and formed into densified pellets according to the process of the invention, the resulting dried pellets typically have a bulk density of from about 40 lb./ft3 to about 55 lb./ft3. As a result of their increased diameter-to-length ratio and increased density, the resulting pellets exhibit significantly improved flowability in comparison to the unpelleted chopped strand product.
The process of the invention is preferably carried out with an apparatus as depicted in FIG. 3, wherein fiber strands are formed in fiber-forming apparatus 10, chopped using cutting device 20, and transported by conveyor 30 to tumbling apparatus 40 where the chopped strands are pelletized and densified. The resulting pellets are transported by conveyor 50 to drying device 60.
The fiber-forming apparatus 10 preferably includes a glass fiber-forming furnace having fiber-forming bushings 11a, 11b, and 11c from which a multiplicity of filaments 12a, 12b, and 12c are drawn or attenuated, and to which are applied an aqueous sizing composition containing coupling agents and optional lubricants and pH adjusters by means of sizing applicators such as rolls 13a, 13b, and 13c. The groups of filaments are then collected into independent strands 15a, 15b, and 15c by means of gathering shoes 14a, 14b, and 14c, and the strands are introduced into cutting device 20.
Cutting device 20 includes a guide roller 21 having grooves of a number corresponding to the number of the strands, a freely rotatable feed roller 22 having a surface made of an elastic material having a large coefficient of friction with respect to glass fibers, e.g., rubber or synthetic resin, and a cutter roller 23 resiliently pressed against the feed roller 22 and driven positively by a motor, the cutter roller having a multiplicity of blades projecting radially therefrom. The wetted strands 15a, 15b, and 15c introduced into the cutting device 20 are wound around the feed roller 22 past the groove of the guide roller 21, and are cut at the point of contact between the feed roller 22 and the blades of the cutter roller 23 into pieces, i.e., chopped strands 24, of a length which is determined by the circumferential pitch of the blades.
The chopped strands 24 are dropped onto a suitable conveying means, such as conveyor 30, and are conveyed to the tumbling apparatus 40. The preferred conveyor for transporting the wet chopped strand segments is a belt conveyor having a dimpled, non-stick surface, such as that commercially available from Sparks under the trade designation Ultraline Food Belt Monoflex WU220M (white polyurethane with mini diamond top cover).
The tumbling apparatus 40 comprises a pelletizing drum 41 rigidly secured at one end to a hollow, zig-zag pellet densifying tube 42 rotationally mounted on a frame 43 via caster assemblies 44 and rotated by drive motor 45, e.g., a 30-amp variable-speed motor. The densifying tube 42 is attached to the drum 41 at a location radially distant from the rotational center of the drum and is in flow communication therewith. Preferably, the working volume of hydrated strand segments and pellets within the drum is from about 20% to about 50% of the drum volume, more preferably about 50 percent of the drum volume, to ensure a retention time within the drum adequate to form pellets but insufficient to degrade them through abrasion.
The densified pellets pass from the drum 41 through the densifying tube 42, and emerge from the densifying tube at its outlet 49. The density of the pellets emitted from the densifying tube is preferably from about 46 lb./ft3 to about 62 lb./ft3, which includes about 14% moisture content by weight.
Tumbling apparatus frame 43 is preferably provided with elevation-adjusting means 43a, to allow the tumbling apparatus to be maintained at a slight angle up to about 5 degrees from horizontal to ensure proper flow of material through the pelletizing drum and densifying tube. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the angle is from about 1 degree to about 3 degrees.
The pellets emerging from the densifying tube fall onto conveyor 50 and are transported to oven 60, where the hydrating solution is dried. Preferably, conveyor 50 is a belt conveyor having a dimpled, non-stick surface commercially available from Sparks under the trade designation Ultraline Food Belt Monoflex WV220M (white polyurethane with mini diamond top cover).
Although the invention has been described in detail in reference to preferred features and embodiments, various modifications will become readily apparent to artisans through practice of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is intended not to be limited by the foregoing description, but to be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 13, 1987
|Jun 20, 1989
|Gte Products Corporation
|Method for removing sodium and chloride from cobaltic hydroxide
|Jul 15, 1988
|Mar 26, 1991
|Nippon Glass Fiber Co., Ltd.
|Agglomerated glass flakes
|Jun 7, 1995
|Nov 26, 1996
|Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|Reinforcing fiber pellets
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 14, 1998
|Jun 27, 2000
|Monchiero; Giovanni
|Method and system for making a solid particle agglomerate
|Jul 16, 1999
|Apr 2, 2002
|Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|System for preparing polymer encapsulated glass fiber pellets
|Dec 29, 1999
|Apr 2, 2002
|Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|System for preparing glass fiber pellets having low discoloration
|Nov 13, 2001
|Dec 9, 2003
|Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|System for preparing polymer encapsulated glass fiber pellets
|Mar 19, 2004
|Oct 31, 2006
|Owens Corning Composites S.P.R.L.
|Hydrolization resistant sizing composition
|Jun 10, 2005
|Sep 11, 2007
|Johns Manville
|System for agglomerating chopped fiber strand
|Jun 19, 2003
|Sep 11, 2007
|Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology Ii, Llc
|Two-part combination of compositions for forming substantially colorless thermoplastic reinforcements
|May 16, 2005
|Sep 1, 2009
|Johns Manville
|Method of agglomerating wet chopped fiber
|Jul 21, 2009
|Jan 18, 2011
|Johns Manville
|System for agglomerating wet fiber strand segments
|Jul 15, 2010
|Jun 23, 2015
|Biocera Co., Ltd
|Production method for a truly spherical ceramic ball by means of a rotational method, and a device therefor
|Nov 8, 2002
|May 13, 2004
|Kindle Richard K.
|Method and system for agglomerating chopped fiber strand and product
|Mar 19, 2004
|Oct 21, 2004
|Piret Willy H
|Hydrolization resistant sizing compositon
|Jun 19, 2003
|Dec 23, 2004
|Piret Willy H.
|Sizing composition for thermoplastic reinforcement
|Jun 9, 2005
|Dec 15, 2005
|Jatco Ltd
|Hydraulic controller and method of controlling same
|Jun 10, 2005
|Jan 12, 2006
|Johns Manville International Inc.
|Method and system for agglomerating chopped fiber strand and product
|Sep 11, 2004
|Mar 16, 2006
|Gleich Klaus F
|Methods and systems for making fiber reinforced products and resultant products
|Dec 30, 2004
|Jul 6, 2006
|Jian Meng
|Compacted, chopped fiber glass strands
|May 16, 2005
|Nov 30, 2006
|Darryl Thomason
|System and method of agglomerating, resultant product and method of backing a liner in the agglomerator
|Sep 18, 2006
|Mar 29, 2007
|Piret Willy H
|Two-part sizing composition for reinforcement fibers
|Dec 30, 2005
|Jul 5, 2007
|Cossement Marc R
|Two-part sizing composition for reinforcement fibers
|Dec 28, 2005
|Jul 12, 2007
|Taquet Bernadette F
|Granulation-coating machine for glass fiber granules
|Feb 28, 2007
|Sep 13, 2007
|Johns Manville International, Inc
|Method and system for agglomerating chopped fiber strand and product
|Jan 24, 2006
|Jul 17, 2008
|Philippe Pardo
|Concentrated Reinforcing Bars And Method For Making Same
|Mar 2, 2007
|Sep 4, 2008
|Russell Donovan Arterburn
|Method for chopping unwound items and coated chopper blades
|Jul 21, 2009
|Nov 19, 2009
|Darryl Thomason
|System and method of agglomerating, resultant product and method of backing a liner the agglomerator
|Mar 30, 2011
|Sep 22, 2011
|Van Der Woude Jacobus Hendricus Antonius
|Fiber Glass Strands And Reinforced Products Comprising The Same
|Jul 15, 2010
|Apr 26, 2012
|Hyoung Tag Jeon
|Production method for a truly spherical ceramic ball by means of a rotational method, and a device therefor
|Jan 6, 2014
|May 1, 2014
|Automatik Plastics Machinery Gmbh
|Method and device for making granules
|Dec 15, 2006
|May 23, 2012
|Granulation-coating machine for glass fiber granules
|Apr 15, 2006
|Nov 17, 2016
|Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh
|Verbesserte Vibrationsf�rderrinnen
|Nov 7, 2003
|May 12, 2004
|Johns Manville International, Inc.
|Method and system for agglomerating chopped fiber strand and product
|Dec 12, 2000
|Jul 12, 2001
|Owens Corning
|System for preparing glass fiber pellets having low discoloration
|Dec 23, 2002
|Jul 3, 2003
|Owens Corning Composites S.P.R.L.
|System for preparing glass fiber pellets having low discoloration
|U.S. Classification
|264/115, 264/117, 264/143
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 29, 1997
Owner name: OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS TECHNOLOGY, INC., ILLINOIS
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|Aug 8, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 28, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 9, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 11, 2009
Owner name: OCV INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, LLC, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022804/0801
Effective date: 20081121
|Aug 9, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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The Capital South Campus Center is not just about education - we have a strong focus on workforce development as well.
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Please stop by their website for a complete list of career availabilities: www.northernrivers.org/employment


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If confirmed to be from missing Malaysia airlines flight, debris will be first found from the inside of the plane.
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UN considers independent inquiry into rights abuses in Sri Lanka war which left 100,000 dead and many missing.
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Burundi's Lydia Nsekera elected to serve full four-year term on executive committee of football's world governing body.
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Bahrain's Sheikh Salman backs FIFA chief for a fifth term as both call for more World Cup places for Asian teams.
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Posted on 7 October 2010
- 12:00
Remploy, Tottenham Hotspur Foundation and Disability Croydon are working closely across 10 London Boroughs to support local people to find and stay in employment.
The main objective of the Ready Steady Work programme is to improve the skills of economically inactive people and help them to get back into work. Each person's needs are different, that's why Remploy's employment services are tailored to the individual - providing them with the best chance of finding employment.
Tottenham Hotspur Foundation is the delivery partner for Remploy and supporting Disabled Parents living in Barnet to undertake six hours of one-to-one mentoring support and to gain actual work based experience through the support of Tottenham Hotspur Foundation's existing workforce via our extensive range of projects and programmes. It is important for us to provide on-going professional development opportunities.
Remploy, Tottenham Hotspur Foundation and Disability Croydon will support unemployed parents with a disability or health condition through Ready Steady Work.
This free support includes:· Confidence building· Training and skills development· Confidential, one-to-one advice· Help to write a great CV· Access to the latest vacancies with local employers· Job search advice and help with completing application forms· Interview practice· Benefit calculations to find out how much better off you'll be in work· Ongoing support when you are in work
This programme is funded by The European Social Fund (ESF). The ESF was introduced to improve employment opportunities in the European Union and help raise standards of living. It aims to support people to fulfil their potential by giving them better skills and job prospects. For more information, please visit: www.esf.gov.uk
If you would like support to find a job through this programme, or are interested in working with us, please contact:Remploy - 0300 456 8035 or firstname.lastname@example.com Hotspur Foundation - Gareth Jones, 0208 365 5159 or email@example.com
12 April 2017
The Club and William Hill have launched a new programme aimed at helping young people in Haringey into employment.
3 February 2017
We shall continue to mark a decade of life-changing work that the Club delivers in its community through the Tottenham Hotspur Foundation at tomorrow's match with Middlesbrough.
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Three young people from Tottenham Hotspur Foundation's Pre-Apprenticeship Scheme were invited by StubHub for work experience across NFL International Series games in London last month in a bid to boost their employability skills.
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My original date for my payment was the 28th and because there were problems I enroled late.
Now SLC website says for the payment, submitted? Does this mean that the payment has been sent? Because the date of the payment has now been changed to the 1st?
What does submitted mean?
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InfoIQ Administrator
DMI's InfoIQ® service provides an intuitive interface, called InfoIQ Administrator, which enables DMI clients to:
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Kenzo Takada doesn't look like an ex-smoker. The 76-year-old Japanese designer and founder of the luxury fashion and perfume house KENZO is glowing with vitality, but he admits he was addicted for decades.
The struggle to give it up has led to him branching out in a somewhat unlikely professional direction, creating a collection of e-cigarette vapours for the brand Liquideo. Calling on his old perfume prowess, Takada has designed four flavours based on berries, mint, peanut butter and toast (his favourite), set to launch globally in August. "I think it could help people — someone like me," he explains. "Taking on this project was a personal decision."
It is certainly a change from the bold, vibrant catwalk collections he became famous for in the 1970s, but then Takada has never been afraid of change. Since selling KENZO to LVMH in 1993, he has travelled the world and set up his own interiors company — e-cigarettes are just the latest evolution. But doesn't he miss the immediacy of fashion?
"I love fashion, but you have to work really hard every season, every day," he explains. These days he is more focused on design as a whole. "I always try to create a gay, joyful spirit," he explains of his work, whether it be creating clothes, interiors or graphics. "I try to make people happy."
His inspiration comes from the streets, from films, exhibitions, and good old-fashioned people watching. But when it comes to icons, who does he admire the most? "I have always adored Saint Laurent," he says simply. "But there are so many excellent new young designers these days..."
He acknowledges that is isn't the same industry as the one he broke into. "It's changed enormously," he admits. "It's positive, but at the same time I get nostalgic because often when I see the window displays in the street with their new collections, it can be hard to identify the designers. Before, I travelled to New York, London, Italy and Japan and the fashions were a bit different. Now you can go anywhere and see the same fashion. I think it's great, but it lacks a bit of variety and identity."
The explosion of the clothing industry is something he witnessed first-hand. "I was lucky, because I started at the right time, in 1970, when there weren't yet a lot of houses, or pret-a-porter," he says modestly. "These days it's something else."
Surely he doesn't believe he got this far on luck alone? His global success would suggest otherwise. Still, he sounds like he doesn't envy the young talent of today. He laughs. "It's great," he insists. "Fashion is becoming a true industry, but in the seventies there wasn't much, so it was easier to stand out. I was very lucky." — AFP-Relaxnews


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captfidel posted a topic in DAC - Digital to Analog ConversionI am a little confused by the positioning of the new M12 Source Controller from Bricasti. I do not own a Bricasti, but was about to pull the trigger on one to replace my current DAC when I learned of the new M12 – which left me a little confused and believing that Bricasti's best DAC is now not actually their DAC, but rather their new "source controller." The new M12 would seem to be far superior for D-to-A conversion for DSD files and also features some new tech in the form of a network adapter to use the device as a streamer (something I presume will ultimately trickle down to the M1 – hopefully with support for the same range of file resolutions offered in their USB interface). I saw a video with Bricasti's president (Brian) saying they created the M12 to meet a need in the market, specifically, the person who enjoys both analog and digital and wants a minimum number of discrete components. Hence, with the M12, no separate pre-amp needed. Certainly understandable, I imagine there is a real need for this in the marketplace. HOWEVER, in my view this leaves behind the person who chooses to operate a multi-component system as the M12 would not appear to be a reasonable choice to use strictly as a DAC. In my case, I have a sophisticated high-end tube preamp which I want to continue to use as my source and volume control. It appears there is no "line level/unity" out on the M12 which would be suitable for connecting to an input source on my pre-amp. This doesn't really make sense to me from a product positioning perspective. A company offering a stand-alone DAC should reserve their best DAC technology for that unit and offer similar or lesser capabilities in their all-in-one integrated products. After all, is not the buyer for separates likely to be the most demanding of functionality? Buyers for integrated units are willing to trade a little bit of capability for convenience. I am interested in thoughts or opinions. Am I missing something? Are there others thinking about using the M12 with a pre-amp? Or pre-amp users who don't care about the missing higher quality DSD and Ethernet connectivity?
Ciamarasound posted a topic in Ciamara (Sponsored)Ciamara DAC and Digital Music Player offerings With people's ever growing digital music collections and a number of high-quality streaming services options such as Tidal and Spotify now available, we understand the vital role a DAC plays in your system. That is why we offer a wide range of DACs and digital music players at a variety of price points. Our experts are available to not only provide personalized, industry leading customer service, but make it fun and simple to find the DAC or component that is the right fit for you. Check out our selection here and here


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I live about 15 minutes from the cutest little old town center in the world – St. Charles, MO.
St. Charles is the site of the first state capital for MO, and it's also where Lewis and Clark Expedition had it's first and last stops before leaving and coming back into St. Louis. Because of that they've preserved the buildings along Main Street and converted them into the most charming little shops in the world. They also have the coolest Christmas tradition ever.
They begin the season the Saturday after Thanksgiving with a parade. During the parade you get to see all 40 of the Christmas characters that they will have roaming the streets for the next few weeks. Among them are Santa's from different countries, The reindeer flight instructor, Mother Goose, the Ice Queen and Jack Frost and many more. But the best part is that each character has their own "playing card" that they pass out to all the kids when you meet them! They also have bands preforming and all sorts of great holiday things (and they redo the parade every Saturday). It's super fun. Abi was only able to collect 25 of the 40 so we've thought about going back one night to see the lights and collect the rest, but it has been a little bit colder than Abi (or I) want to brave.
So here are our photos from the day, photo dump style. And if you're ever in the St. Louis area for the holidays you HAVE to check out the Christmas Traditions in St. Charles.
^^Captains Lewis and Clark and their trusty dog Seaman.^^
^^ I love that all the shops have decorated for Christmas! Do you all judge a house on how it will look decorated for Christmas or is that just me? ^^
^^ Lewis & Clark Fife & Drum Corps // Father Christmas // Santa Lucia // WWI Santa ^^
^^ Christmas Angel // MacNicholas // Saint Nicholas // Frontier Santa ^^
^^ Reindeer Flight Instructor // Frontier Santa // Civil War Santa ^^


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New Members can enjoy full membership for just £299 for the 2016 season
Anyone who has never been a member of Glynneath Golf Club, or who has not been a member here for the last three years, is entitled to join for the exclusive new members' price of just £299 for the year.
This is a full membership and entitles you to play in all competitions and hold an official handicap.
It is also subject to further discounts for intermediate players, in proportion to the full £595 fee.
30+ years £299
29 years £269
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Under 11 years £25
If you've been considering trying to new club, or trying golf for the first time, there has never been a better time to join! Come along today to see all that Glynneath Golf Club has to offer


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A Naruto Role Play set during the First Shinobi World War. Here you can alter the timeline of the actual Naruto series, by interacting with one another and changing the course of time.
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Updated to Soulful Entertainment Therapy. This forum was created for people to mix and mingle with people from all walks of life. It is for the Grown and Mature crowd who doesn't entertain drama and nega
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Ghouls...Humans...What separates the two, if anything? Is the ghoul crying in the corner who doesn't want to eat a monster? Or...is it YOU? Try to remember...
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We too have plenty to be angry about. This forum is not racist, it just doesn't ignore that white people have plenty to be angry about too.
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Free forum : This forum is a place for people to roleplay whatever they want, as long as it doesn't get too inappropriate. xD Have fun, meet new people, and roleplay! : D
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Welcome! (Protego doesn't know what to put here, yet.)
At American Dream Gaming our goal is to create a roleplay environment for games like GTA IV, Mine Craft and many more where members can chase their virtual dreams while interacting with others and having fun along the way.
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Caucasians peacefully interacting with one another.
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An Original Fantasy forum, where it is made so the players make the original story, interacting with people and weaving their own plot.
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Incredibly Triggering Bastards, If the name doesn't get it across well RIP
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Name: Alyssa Smith
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Queen Elizabeth II will stay for four days, starting on Monday in Moscow and St Petersburg, the former imperial capital from which her distant cousin, Russia's last tsar, Nicholas II, fled in vain with his family in 1917.
It will be the country's re- introduction to regal pageantry - and features two Rolls-Royce Phantom VI limousines and the royal yacht - as well as its first head-on encounter with Fleet Street blitzkrieg.
The scandals afflicting the Royal Family receive only passing mention in the Russian media. The chief British royal-watcher, Viktor Popov, is a tactful former Soviet diplomat. The author of a book on Buckingham Palace, he says he received thanks from the British ambassador in Moscow for his 'warm tone' towards the Queen.
The Royal Family's travails pale next to the antics of Russia's own eccentric monarchist movement. An All-Russia Monarchist Conference, the biggest such gathering since the revolution, ended in disarray on Friday when fringe militants began shooting at each other with gas pistols in Moscow's Hall of Columns.
An opinion poll published last week in Sevodyna newspaper still suggested growing, albeit marginal, enthusiasm for a revival of Russia's own defunct monarchy. Eighteen per cent favour bringing back the tsar. 'The public is interested in Queen Elizabeth because it is bored with our politicians, their vendettas, their brawls,' said Mikhail Poltoranin, a member of the State Duma, who is a feisty political brawler and Kremlin adviser. 'The public wants to see a normal person. They wonder how she manages to keep calm.'
The memory of Russia's murdered monarch remains uncomfortable, however, for both the Queen and her host, President Boris Yeltsin. While Buckingham Palace declined to shelter Nicholas - or Nicky as George V called him - it was Mr Yeltsin who, as Communist Party boss in Sverdlovsk, now Yekaterinburg, who presided over the demolition of the Ipatiev House where the royal couple and their five children were murdered in July 1918.
Both sides want to put the matter to rest, though some of Russia's feuding monarchists criticise the visit as premature: 'She should not step on Russian soil when there is is no stability, no monarchy,' said the self-styled Nicholas III, one of a plethora of pretenders.
More welcoming are the supporters of another contender, 13-year-old Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich. 'Queen Elizabeth will help revive the spirit of monarchy in Russia,' said Alexander Zakatov, secretary general of the Russian Christian- Monarchist Union.
The Queen will most likely try to avoid Russia's quarrelling tsarists and their various claims, though it was a blood sample from Prince Philip which allowed scientists to expose some of the more outlandish imposters. DNA tests proved the tsar's five children almost certainly all perished in Yekaterinburg.
An address from the Queen to the Russian people, transmitted by Tass news agency at the weekend, spoke not of blood ties but trade links, referring to the first contacts under Queen Elizabeth I after the 'long winter of the Middle Ages'. The end of the Cold War, the message said, offers a parallel: 'After years of division and confrontation, Europe is entering another time of opportunity with peace and prosperity within our reach, provided only that we remember the lessons of the past and learn to live and work together.'
Andrei Kozyrev, the Russian Foreign Minister, chose the same theme at the opening ceremony yesterday for an exhibition at Moscow's Maly Theatre on Ango-Russian relations. 'We are going back to a natural relationship of partnership and alliance where our two great nations belong,' he said.
Such partnership, though, has its limits. The British Council display says that Ivan IV's 16th-century marriage proposal to Elizabeth I was 'graciously declined'.Reuse content


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Here is a clean and quiet resort located on a chain of clear water lakes in northern Minnesota. This is not a typical resort. The current owners maintain an environment that is free of litter and cussing and enjoys a large number of wonderful returning guests. The quiet nights policy helps attract good customers who are respectful of the property and other guests. The no pets policy assures guests of a bed and furniture that is free from pet odors. The owners reside in the large lodge building year round. They have been here ten years and need to move on due to their age and are ready to stay and train the next owners. This resort has eleven log or wood sided, air conditioned cabins ranging from 1 to 5 bedrooms, complete with soft water. There's an indoor heated swimming pool as well as an outdoor heated swimming pool, plus great pizza and ice cream. The docks at this resort do not have to be pulled up on the shore for winter. The owners currently serve registered guests only, which means there is no drive in or boat in customers to deal with. The 14 site campground has new water, sewer and electrical hookups. The campground is filled with friendly folks who leave their camper here year round and good polices have led to the owners now maintaining a waiting list for their campground. This is a turn-key operation ready for a couple or a family who want a better lifestyle. Enjoy Bald Eagles and Loons every day in the summer. Don't buy one of those rowdy resorts. Inquire today about purchasing this 7.94 acre slice of heaven. Assets include $4,800 in average inventory, $234,018 in equipment and furnishings, $151,775 in fixtures, $10,000 in other assets. The buildings and property are valued at $1,490,000. Ask for portfolio #659.
Financials (USD)
Asking Price $1,749,000
Sales $220,047
Profit $118,085
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High Volume Northern MN Resort For Sale #453715 posted Sep 12, 2016
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Fishing resort open year round and located at Minnesota's Top walleye lake! This is a great investment opportunity and a great place to raise a family. Motivated seller. 10% Cap Rate 12 acres including 750' water frontage 23,040 square foot lodge plus cabins, villas and campground
Coates Plaza Hotel #464980 posted Mar 20, 2017
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74 room landmark hotel with indoor swimming pool, hot tub, sauna, restaurant area, bar, 7000+ sq ft banquet space and off street parking for 45+ cars in downtown Virginia Minnesota. Good cash flow to owner/operator after debt service.
Motel Ely - Budget Host #458234 posted Nov 20, 2016
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17 unit motel with 4 bedroom owners living quarters and two bedroom house in the beautiful BWCA tourism town of Ely Minnesota. House is rented nightly in summer and has regular tenant Oct 1 to May 1. Solar domestic hot water and heat system plus new boiler. Units well maintained with several rooms recently...
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American Airlines Group (NASDAQ: AAL) is the holding company for American Airlines. Together with regional partners operating as American Eagle, American offers an average of nearly 6,700 flights per day to nearly 350 destinations in more than 50 countries. American is a founding member of the one world® alliance, whose members and members-elect serve nearly 1,000 destinations with 14,250 daily flights to 150 countries. This year, American Airlines Group Inc. topped ...
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ABC is advertising their new period drama Pan Am as putting the glamor and excitement back in flying, and while I don't necessarily agree that it makes flying look glamorous (but I could see how it would feel that way at the time), it definitely gets me all riled up, wanting to take a trip in the sky somewhere. But the second I head to an airline's website to actually book something, I am slapped in the face with the cold, hard reality that air travel is now a chore, not a privilege.
But with Pan Am, all of the magic is back, even if this time it might be the magic of Disney instead of an actual reflection of the time period. I want to live in Pan Am-- in the time that seems to stand still within the plane. I imagine that's a testament to what one who actually got to travel on those jets felt-- the joy of soaring through the air, the giddiness at being able to have a party in the sky, the endless possibilities on the other end of the world, wherever they landed. The show truly captures the spirit of excitement, of "we're on the verge of something great and we're lucky enough to be along for the ride" that the young men and women who controlled the planes experienced.
Pan Am is everything I ever wanted in a story about an airline. See, from a young age I was always obsessed with all things aviation-- from the airplanes themselves to the airport. When I would travel, flight attendants would hand little boys my age or maybe even a bit older pairs of plastic wings and escort them to see the cockpit. I was a girl, though, so it wasn't expected that I would want those things. The sexism of the sixties should have been long-dead, but somehow it got stuck in the circulation in the steel tube in the sky. It was okay, though. I would lift the shade on the window and stare out at the clouds, daydreaming about where I was going-- and where I could someday go-- and all that would happen when I finally got there.
Years later when I was on my screenwriting kick, writing script after script that lived somewhere in between the world of tepid independent film and epic TV pilot, I drafted one about airline workers and the passengers that sat before them. You never really know what's going on in a person's head, but suddenly, there you are, shoved into a tiny vestibule of space for hours at a time with no escape. I thought it could breed exciting drama while set in a world that always fascinated me.
But I set it in present day, which at the time, was still post 9/11, when the security regulations had already been beefed up and the faces you saw shuffle along the seemingly endless lines at the metal detectors, at the corner newsstand, at the terminals were all scoffing and grumbling. Hardly a place one wanted to be. Hardly a place one would choose to spend time, even if just an hour or so each week. So I put the script aside, feeling like I had used my once legitimate love of flying as just another gimmick, designed to tell the same old story in a new setting.
Pan Am has now succeeded at what I could not, though, so I must tip my imaginary stewardess hat to them. Even if I can't pin on wings of my own while I watch each week.


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Daily Bible Challenge
Therefore, go and make disciples of all the nations,* baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Read Matthew 28:19


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Blog Entry# 1782515
Posted: Mar 28 2016 (18:29)
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Journey: Tue Mar 29, 2016 @ 22:5712737/Gowthami SF Express (PT)
Class: Sleeper - SL | Tot Seats: Avbl 430
Travel: EE/Eluru to SC/Secunderabad Junction | 409 km / 563 km
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Latest Status as of: Mar 29 2016 (17:02)Passenger 1: S7,63 [SL]/Coach Position:9 (Booking Status: W/L 160,GNWL)
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...:( I'm Getting really depressed just about this.. If i have a hemmriod, Should my girlfreind break up beside me..?
Answers: First you must enjoy no shame about any disease and short being depressed other have to collaborate with some doctor previously putting untrue diagnosis. Sure, it can be some hemorrhoids (easily curable) but without other information we can't give support to you more. Go & talk beside a doctor without problem!
Hey within!
First off any girl that broke up beside you over hemorrhoids in stupid... She doesn't even enjoy to know you have them. Tons of empire have hemorrhoids. (You are not the merely one) I started getting them when I was within high college. The Dr. told me it was from human being so active to not doing any ting. And it have a lot to do next to your diet. Are you eating tough? You need plenty or wet and fiber in your diet.
Now, you should budge to the Dr just to label sure that is what you hold. He can also give you some pills to make them shrink. I be so embarrassed something like going to the Dr for this problem and when I told him that he just laugh and said he see's butt's all year long. So go see your Dr. You will fine!
Good luck
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text: I though that the title would get your attention. Ladies and Gentlemen, I was wrong... Completely and utterly wrong when I came to the conclusions I did in another thread here in the NAAFI. I don't think I have ever been as proud as I have standing alongside both yourselves and everyone else who took part in the 36 Grays Lane Affair. I wasn't particularly flattering to you yet, when I became involved with the SSAFA project I was immediately and unequivocally accepted and assisted by everyone whenever I asked for it. You have demonstrated compassion, intelligence, determination, discipline, humility, fortitude and humor in the face of what appeared to be an un-winnable battle. The rejection of the application seemed to confirm that, no matter what the decent thing to do was, the "enemy" were going to do it. Despite that, you got stronger not weaker. You maintained "fire discipline", despite the fact that, in many arenas you would have been quite justified in going on the offensive in an "end justifies the means" fashion. You impressed the hell out of me, you brought me to tears on more than one occasion, and I would be proud to stand by any of you in any situation now or in the future. The British, and the military specifically, are still Great, a thing I thought we had sadly lost. Again, I apologize and I salute you all... Airborne_Aircrew


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With the upcoming election and the possible panic that might ensue I have a dilemma I want input on.
Everyone pretty much says buy cheap stack deep but here goes:
Recently moved to free Arizona after years of suffering New York's oppression of gun owners.
I am now in a shooting Mecca but right now with the move and other details I won't get into for now money is tight ( in about one month with luck money will no longer be a problem but that may be too little too late for the ammo supply)
Right now wal mart ( not my first choice but the low bidder in town not even close for any other vendor) they run federal aluminum case value packs for around $20 for 9 and 30 for 45's.
The big question should I buy a couple hundred as I go hoping supply will still be good post election or go ahead and drop lots on several cases in the event we have a post election panic?
I can reload but in the last panic components chiefly powder and primers were hard to find too?
Would you:
1) stock up components
2) stock up ammo
3) wait and see
Appreciate the input
I even thought about selling a few guns and using the funds for ammo and components
I say #2. Several cases. You'll use it, though it might last you 10+ years.
I've shot lots of Blazer aluminum (mostly 9, some 40, a little 38) and never had a problem. Don't know anything about Federal.
My vote is buy what you can afford right now. A month from now, most likely worse case is prices will be up, but still available. If $ is that tight temporarily, do the smart thing and spend it wisely.
|Knowing is Half the Battle
#2, buy online, save big, probably tax free. You can reliably get very good brass cased 9mm FMJ for 20-22 cents per round still online. Aluminum is here too, even cheaper. I don't know how much you shoot, but 100rds is usually an average range trip to most, very light for many.
Target Sports USA and SG Ammo are two of the popular online vendors now, have it delivered by the Big Brown Truck or the Big White Truck right to your front door without having to see the Wally World mouth breathers.
|Plowing straight ahead come what may
As a reloader that buys very little factory ammo...I suggest picking up as much reloading components as your budget will allow...
An 8# jug of a broad spectrum powder pistol powder/powders and 5,000 or more primers (Powder Valley has a good selection of both for now) plus some bluk plated (or cast) bullets in your calibers will make a future shortage easier to endure...even the Haz-Mat and shipping will be offset by the savings of not paying sales tax...especially with a large order...
On a side note...Para's thread pretty much takes this all in ...
...and LDD's thread covers the reloading components panic pretty good...
Hopefully after November there will be no panic
"we've gotta roll with the punches, learn to play all of our hunches
Making the best of what ever comes our way
Forget that blind ambition and learn to trust your intuition
Plowing straight ahead come what may
And theres a cowboy in the jungle"
Jimmy Buffet
No one knows for sure what will happen if Trump does not win but my guess is there will be some panic buying initially though probably not nearly to the levels of late 2012 and 2013.
If the republicans keep at least the house, which is very likely IMO, I don't see and serious attempts to try and pass any anti gun legislation right away. Of course they will use any future mass shootings to try to do such.
If one has the means it certainly is a good idea to stock up on a couple years worth or more of ammo needs IMO especially now that prices are great on most center fire ammunition.
"When the people find that they can vote themselves money that will herald the end of the republic."
― Benjamin Franklin
"The problem with socialism is that eventually you run out of other people's money."
― Margaret Thatcher
slam fires
I am mostly a reloader,and have done this from the late Sixties,
Been thru a few dry spells etc.
Most of my back stock got on the short side this past dry spell.
Early last spring I restocked with several large orders of powder and maybe ten K of primers that I had burned thru.
Primers are the weak link in our hobby and I try to sit on atleast fifty K of assorted backstock.
Been casting for many years on pistols
I buy small quantities of factory rounds in rifle ,shotgun and pistols.
That said, my situation differs from others.
Families come first.
For me its just food and care for the dogs now days
Buy what you feel comfortable with.
I do feel better with the ground swell for Trump.
The hag would go for components first as the easiest way to shut us down, then for stacking the courts next
Thanks for the replies everyone. With 9mm aluminum case under 10 a box and 45 under 15, I will buy as much as my wallet can handle and in worst case scenario stick with the calibers I reload to ride out any storm. While I only have about 5k in 22's on hand supply on those is getting better and can always use my 22's for practice during any shortage- will probably pick up another 5k in 22 just in case
|Hoping for better pharmaceuticals
I didn't see how many rounds you routinely shoot but, if you reload more than shoot manufactured ammo buy components. Primers seemed to shoot to record heights during the last shortage so I would definitely load in primers. Brass has been and is now pretty much abundant depending upon fellow shooters at the range. There are a lot of different bullet manufacturers so prices may not skyrocket if there is a scare. Commodity prices may fluctuate and be reflected in the pricing structure. Watch and anticipate. If you don't want to store components buy as much factory ammo as you can afford.
Getting shot is no achievement. Hitting your enemy is.
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text:
Ok so I may be obsessed with this challenge I just love it and the adventure it takes me on. This week was a new set of words and a new interpretation. I hope you enjoy my pictures this week because this challenge is getting me to share more pictures and also making me use my camera phone a lot more.
Words for the Week
Meaningful Accessory
Words for the Week
Brand Whore
Meaningful Accessory
Ok so odd looking picture. My here are my favorite COZY
North Face fleece pants and my COZY slippers. Oh Fall can't come quick
enough so I can slip these back on and not sweat to death in them. :)
|"Grant me patience to deal with my blessings" oh yes some days
this QUOTE gets me through amazing things. It is located
above my kitchen cabinets and some days the reminder
is a blessing unto itself.


text:
National park, an area set aside by a national government for the preservation of the natural environment. A national park may be set aside for purposes of public recreation and enjoyment or because of its historical or scientific interest. Most of the landscapes and their accompanying plants and animals in a national park are kept in their natural state. The national parks in the United States and Canada tend to focus on the protection of both land and wildlife, those in Great Britain focus mainly on the land, and those in Africa primarily exist to conserve animals. Several other countries have large ... (100 of 671 words)
National park
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The uniqueness of the two-year course lies in its ability to combine fine-art with state-of-the-art technology. While on one hand the students get oriented to the sensibilities of fine-art and painting, on the other the students get trained with the latest photography equipment and lights in the large studios of Udaan, in the heart of Mumbai.
To cope with the challenges of the emerging market, the students are taken beyond still imagery and given an in-depth training in videography (including editing and audio) as well. And along with empowering the students with technical and artistic skills, the students are also oriented to the legal and financial aspects of the industry, including practical knowledge of assisting a mentor or running one's own show, to handling business and people.
During the course the students get to regularly work and learn from not just professional photographers, but also a host of other professionals like food stylists, models, make-up artists, editing experts etc. A comprehensive computer lab and a library are at the disposal of the students.
The unmatched faculty of Udaan consists of Tarun Vachhar, Anuja Jain, Badri Narayan, Dilip Yande, Kedar Malegaonkar, Vinay Kumar, Bharat Lakhani and Arko Datta. This is apart from several guest faculty and speakers comprising of leading photographers, art directors, artists etc.
The two-year-course in Commercial Photography & DSLR Filmmaking truly equips the students to face and overcome the challenges of the professional world. To become an ace photographer & filmmaker.
The course begins in Mumbai from 12th September 2017
At our spacious new premise !
a) Introduction to photography
b) Understanding photography as a profession.
c) Introduction to Art
d) History of Photography & contemporary practices
e) Fundamentals of Photography
f) Understanding digital photography workflow
g) Basic photo editing (Photoshop)
h) Understanding light & portraiture - editorial, studio/commercial, fine art etc
i) Understanding flash photography.
j) Working in a studio Understanding studio strobes and light modifiers.
h) Basic videography
a) People photography
b) Still life & product photography
c) Architecture & spaces
d) Food & Beverages Photography
e) Fashion photography
f) Post production
a) DSLR Filmmaking
(pre production/ production/post production)
b) Wedding Photography
c) Fashion Photography (Part 2)
c) Architecture & spaces (Part 2)
e) Post production (Part 2)
f) Emerging technologies
g) Business of photography
h) Portfolio development
The course shall end with an exhibition of student's work
* includes annual holidays for Diwali and Christmas.