text:
Glutathione-S-transferase subtypes α and π as a tool to predict and monitor graft failure or regeneration in a pilot study of living donor liver transplantation
© I. Holzapfel Publishers 2011
Received: 13 January 2010
Accepted: 18 March 2010
Published: 27 January 2011
Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) subtype α and π are differentially expressed in adult liver tissue. Objective of the study was if GST α and p may serve as predictive markers for liver surgery, especially transplantations.
13 patients receiving living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and their corresponding donors were analyzed for standard serum parameters (ALT, AST, gGT, bilirubin) as well as GST-α and -π before LDLT and daily for 10 days after LDLT. Patients (R) and donors (D) were grouped according to graft loss (R1/D1) or positive outcome (R2/D2) and above named serum parameters were compared between the groups.
R1 showed significantly increased GST-α and significantly lower GST-π levels than R2 patients or the donors. There was a positive correlation between GST-α and ALT, AST as well as bilirubin and a negative correlation to γGT. However, γGT correlated positively with GST-π. Graft failure was associated with combined low GST-π levels in donors and their recipients before living donor liver transplantation.
Our data suggest that high GST-α serum levels reflect ongoing liver damage while GST-P indicates the capacity and process of liver regeneration. Additionally, GST-π may be useful as marker for optimizing donor and recipient pairs in living donor liver transplantation.
Keywordsliving donor liver transplantation liver regeneration glutathione-S-transferase α and π chole stasis
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has become an alternative to deceased donor liver transplantation in the western countries to overcome the perpetual shortage of donor organs. The unique ability of the liver to regenerate completely after resection makes this approach possible. Remarkably, the liver volume restoration occurs within four weeks after LDLT in the vast majority of both donors and recipients [1–5]. However, in some cases the transplanted liver exhibits impaired regeneration, which consequently leads to liver failure [6]. Therefore, it remains a challenge to identify those livers with and without sufficient capacity to regenerate after LDLT or partial hepatectomy.
Recently, it has been shown in a rat model of cirrhosis and regeneration that the enzyme glutathione-stransferase (GST) and their predominant hepatic subtypes show a distinct pattern during regeneration [7]. In general, GST comprises various subtypes of enzymes, catalyzing the binding of glutathione to xenobiotics, thus facilitating their detoxification. Up to 3% of soluble protein in adult hepatocytes constitutes of GST subtype alpha (GST-α), while GST subtype pi (GST-π) is expressed in fetal hepatocytes and in the placenta [8]. Expression of GST-π in adult liver tissue is restricted to bile duct cells and constitutes a phenotypic marker of oval cells [9]. Oval cells represent a bipotent population of progenitor cells, which can differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells [10, 11]. These cells are involved in liver regeneration following severe liver injury and in liver carcinogenesis [12, 9]. Different studies in animal models of partial hepatectomy identified GST-π expression in oval cells as relevant for liver regeneration [13–15]. However, the regulation of oval cell recruitment and differentiation as well as their precise role remains unclear.
GST enzymes are intracellular cytosolic enzymes. Thus, GST serum levels rather than protein expression reflect cell injury or cell turnover. The half-life of GST is short (<90 min.) (6), therefore changes in GST-levels closely match ongoing liver cell death. Indeed, in acute liver failure GST-α is highly elevated and is associated with worse outcome (unpublished data). GSt-α levels are also significantly elevated in liver transplant recipients who develop moderate or severe rejection after liver transplantation compared to those recipients with mild or no rejection [16]. In contrast, GST-P levels remain stable even in cases of severe rejection, suggesting both enzymes are restricted to different cell types and play independent roles in organ rejection [16]. apart from this high expression levels of GST-π were seen in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis [17].
The aim of our study was to determine whether serum GSt-a and GST-π levels are related to liver regeneration after LDLT in donors and recipients. TO check this we proposed several questions: i) are GSTα and GST-π differentially released into the serum in donors and recipients before or after LDLT? ii) are increased GST-α levels associated with transplant loss? And finally (iii) are lower GST-π levels associated with impaired liver regeneration?
To study these questions donors and recipients in LDLT were compared for GST serum levels and outcome. Furthermore donors and recipients each were split into two sub-groups, donors and corresponding recipients with transplant loss, due to vascular complications, occurring in the early postoperative period (4 weeks) were subsequently labeled as D1 and R1. Recipients who recovered uneventfully and corresponding donors were labeled as R2 and D2, respectively.
Materials and methods
Characteristics of Patients and Donors
Patient characteristics: Two recipients with toxic cirrhosis were also infected with Hepatitis C virus.
23-59 ys; median 30ys
26-65ys; median 50ys
(Ethyl-)toxic Cirrhosis
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Cryptogenic Cirrhosis
Laboratory Data
Serum and plasma samples of donors and recipients were obtained as a baseline (POD 0) three days to six weeks prior to the transplantation. Serum and plasma samples were obtained daily (7.30 am ± 15 min) from POD 1 to 10. The plasma samples were immediately stored on ice, centrifuged and stored at -20°C. Bilirubin, AST, ALT and γ GT were determined at the Central Laboratory of the University of Essen.
The concentrations of GST-α and GST-π were measured using commercially available ELISA-Kits (Biotrin International GmbH, Dreieich, Germany). The concentrations of GST-α were determined in serum and concentrations of GST-π in plasma. The internal controls were within the sensitivity of the test.
Data Analyses and Statistics
All data are shown as mean ± SEM, if not stated otherwise. The data were analyzed for day to day changes and for the time course after LDLT. For statistical analyses a two-sided t-test for unrelated groups was used. Statistical significance was assumed for p < 0.05. Calculations were done using GraphPad Prism' Software. Correlations were calculated using SPSS Software, employing non-parametric tests (Spearman rank correlation).
There are no significant differences in GST-α levels between donors and recipients before LDLT
Graft loss is associated with higher GST-α level
At POD 1, the mean serum levels of GST-α increased significantly in both donors and recipients (p = 0.02). This elevation of GST-α levels was stronger in recipients during the post-transplantation period compared to donors (p = 0.04). Over the following days GST-α serum values decreased in donors and recipients, reaching preoperative values in donors at POD 4 and in recipients at POD 5. R1 patients exhibited significantly higher serum levels of GST-α than the R2 group '(p = 0.002; Figure 1B) and all donors (p = 0.003) in the observed post transplantation phase. In contrast the time course in R2 patients compared to all donors did not display significant differences and GST-α levels reached preoperative values after POD 4 as did both donor groups.
Lower plasma GST-π in donors and recipients before LDLT is associated with graft loss
There are no significant differences in conventional liver function tests between donors and recipients in the early phase after LDLT
γ GT was significantly elevated in recipients compared to donors on POD 0. From POD 1 to POD 4 γ GT in recipients decreased but was still significantly higher than in donors. After POD 5 the serum levels raised in both donors and recipients, though the increase was more prominent in recipients. In D1 and D2 no differences in the serum γ GT were found, staying low until POD 4, with a constant rise detectable from POD 5 to POD 10. A similar time course was found in the R2 group, with a raise of serum γ GT toward the end of the observation period (POD 5 to 10). R1 patients did not exhibit a comparable pattern, but stayed at low γ GT values.
Preoperative bilirubin levels were significantly elevated in recipients referring to donors. Serum bilirubin constantly increased during POD 1 to 4 and regressed to normal levels until POD10. A similar pattern was observable in D1 and D2, although D2 patients had slightly higher serum values. Recipients displayed a reduction of bilirubin in serum on POD 2, slowly returning to raised preoperative levels from POD 3 to POD 8. While R1 bilirubin was significantly reduced compared to R2 on POD 0, no significant differences between these groups were detected after transplantation.
Serum γ GT correlates positively with GST-π and negatively with GST-α
Correlation between Liver Function Parameters and GST for Donors and Recipients.
GST- α
0,378 (p < 0.001)
0,399 (p < 0.001)
0,323 (p < 0.001)
-0.001 (p = 0.991)
GST- π
-0.072 (p = 0.414)
-0.153 (p = 0.082)
-0.144 (p = 0.099)
0.212 (p = 0.017)
0.597 (p < 0.001)
0.629 (p < 0.001)
0.315 (p < 0.001)
-0.330 (p < 0.001)
GST- π
0.69 (p = 0.425)
0.114 (p = 0.188)
0.05 (p = 0.563)
0.307 (p < 0.001)
Liver regeneration in different settings, for example in partial hepatectomy, acute liver failure, and in living related liver transplantation (LDLT), respectively, is a major issue in hepatology. Despite quick recovery of liver volume [5] qualitative regeneration takes longer and might influence the outcome of LDLT [4, 18] Predictive markers, obtainable in a non invasive fashion, are warranted to estimate chances of patients to appropriately regenerate after liver surgery. Patient survival on the one hand and liver failure after transplantation on the other hand could be improved by reliable indicators of expected regeneration.
Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) might serve as an early marker in liver regeneration. Indeed, GST-α levels peaked at POD 1 both in donors and recipients with a decline over the following days. Highest GST-α values were found in those recipients who lost their grafts (R1) during the postoperative period, suggesting increased hepatocyte death and liver function impairment. Serum levels in R1-patients were significantly elevated compared to donors and the R2-group. Of note, there were no significant differences in GST-α levels between donors and R2-individuals. These findings suggest increased GST-α as a possibly useful indicator for poor outcome and eventual graft loss and are consistent with data from deceased donor liver transplantations [16]. Additionally, GST-α showed positive correlation to ALT and AST and bilirubin, which could imply a connection between liver damage in general and GST-α release into serum. In vitro data demonstrated that the expression of GST-α increases in response to different drugs, though, the influence of immunosuppressive agents on GST-α expression has not been tested so far [19]. However, in our study GST-α levels of the recipients with good outcome were similar to those of donors, who did not receive immunosuppressive drugs. Taken together, high GSTα values in recipients with poor outcomes seem to reflect a higher cell death with impaired liver function.
It is well known that GST-π is mainly expressed in bile ducts and in oval cells [20] which partially constitute the regenerative capacity of the liver [21]. Usually, raised serum levels of cholestatic enzymes are deemed as markers for advanced fatty liver disease [22] or damage to bile duct cells in chronic viral hepatitis [23]. But as we have previously shown in patients with acute liver failure, gGT is significantly increased in patients with positive outcome after acute liver failure [24]. Massive cell injury in the liver is known to trigger ductular proliferation involving mature cholangiocytes and hepatocytes [25, 26]. It was also shown that an increase in bile acids after partial hepatectomy is indicative of liver regeneration [27, 28]. Thus, cholestatic enzymes (such as γ GT) may increase as a consequence of elevated bile acids that are associated with proliferation in the course of liver regeneration. In our patient cohort we found a significant correlation between GST-π and γ GT. Regarding the overall picture of GST-π and cholestatic enzymes as γ GT a fast and short increase of these parameters in patient sera may imply regenerative activity and thus a positive outcome for surgical therapy. In contrast, continuously raised serum levels still could be indicative for ongoing long term liver damage and/or for a constant insufficient regeneration. Graft survival was associated with higher GST-P values in recipients. The R1 recipients exhibited significantly lower plasma levels, below 50μg/ml. D1-patients were also found to have significantly lower GST-π values before liver resection. The analysis of individual donor/recipient pairs revealed that low GST-π levels in donors as well as corresponding recipients at POD 0 were associated with raised serum ALT and AST and graft failure within 4 weeks postoperatively. In contrast to this no graft loss occurred with GST-π levels above 50μg/ml in either donor or recipient.
The significantly lower GST-P levels before LDLT in the donor-recipient pairs, whose transplant failed, indicate a link between this marker and graft failure. However, GST-P values of the D1 group increased at an adequate rate and no significant differences to D2 were detectable during the post transplant period. Strikingly, the aforementioned postoperative GST-π increase did not occur in the R1 group.
Taken together, these observations suggest that higher levels of GST-π reflect normal liver regeneration. Since no correlation to bilirubin could be observed, GST-π may rather indicate a higher turnover of oval cells and bile duct proliferation during liver regeneration than cholestatic damage. From the present data it is not yet possible to say if low GST-π may have a causal connection to the early graft loss or if the low values are an additional consequence of liver cell damage leading to graft failure. Some causal connection is supported by the observation that only recipients whose donors exhibited simultaneously low pretransplant GST-π values developed graft failure. Since the numbers of patients in our study is low and comparable animal studies are lacking, this remains speculative.
Nevertheless, our data indicate that higher GST-π levels predict a favorable outcome and support an important role of oval cells and bile duct proliferation during the process of liver regeneration in humans after LDLT. Furthermore, our data suggest that low GSTπ levels in donors and their recipients implicate a higher risk for graft failure and could therefore denote a preoperative negative indicator for patients on waiting list for deceased donor transplantation orin preparation for LDLT. Further analysis of additional donor and recipient pairs in LDLT is warranted to specify limiting values for plasma GST-π before and after transplantation.
In conclusion the data at hand indicate a role for GST-α in ongoing liver damage while GST-π seems representative for regenerative capacity. Both parameters could may be a complementary way to describe or even predict the possible outcome of LDLT.
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant 267/4-1 and 267/6-1), and the Wilhelm Laupitz Foundation to AC. Additional support from Biotrin International GmbH (Dreieich, Germany)
Conflict of interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
donor group
donors corresponding to recipients with liver failure
donors corresponding to recipients with positive outcome
- GST-α:
- GST-π:
Living Donor Liver Transplantation
post operative day
recipient group
recipients with liver failure
recipients with positive outcome.
Authors' Affiliations
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text:
Quentin Lowry
|No. 56, 64
|Personal information
|Date of birth:
|November 11, 1955
|Place of birth:
|Cleveland, Ohio
|6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
|232 lb (105 kg)
|Career information
|High school:
|Shaker Heights (OH)
|Youngstown State
|NFL Draft:
|1979 / Round: 12 / Pick: 329
|Career history
|* Offseason and/or practice squad member only
|Career highlights and awards
|Career NFL statistics
|Player stats at PFR
Quentin Ivory Lowry (born November 11, 1955) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He played college football at Youngstown State University.
Early years[edit]
Lowry attended Shaker Heights High School, where he received All-League and All-District honors. He accepted a scholarship from Division II Youngstown State University.
As a sophomore, he became a starter at defensive end, registering 105 tackles (11 for loss) and 3 fumble recoveries. The next year he had 32 tackles (2 for loss) and one interception.
As a senior, he posted 94 tackles (21 for loss) and 5 fumble recoveries, while helping his team reach the 1978 Mid-Continent Conference Championship and the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division II Playoffs. He finished his career with 231 tackles (34 for loss), 8 fumble recoveries and one interception.
In 1999, he was inducted into the Youngstown State University Athletics Hall of Fame.
Professional career[edit]
Dallas Cowboys[edit]
Lowry was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the twelfth round (329th overall) of the 1979 NFL Draft, with the intention of converting him into a linebacker. He was waived on August 6.
Los Angeles Rams[edit]
In 1980, he was signed by the Los Angeles Rams. He was released on August 19.[1]
Hamilton-Tiger Cats (CFL)[edit]
In March 1981, he was signed by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League. He was released before the start of the season.
Washington Redskins[edit]
In 1981, he was signed by the Washington Redskins. On August 24, he was placed on the injured reserve list with a thigh injury and returned to play in 9 games mainly on special teams.[2]
He was released on September 5, 1982.[3] He was recalled on September 7 and played in 9 games.[4] He was a part of the Super Bowl XVII winning team.
Lowry was cut on August 28, 1983.[5] On September 20, he was re-signed to replace Monte Coleman who was placed on the injured reserve list.[6] He was released after 3 games.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers[edit]
On November 3, he was signed as a free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.[7] On December 15, he was placed on the injured reserve list with a knee injury. He was not re-signed after the season.
Personal life[edit]
His brother Orlando played in the National Football League for the Indianapolis Colts.[8] Lowry currently lives in Greenbelt, Maryland with his wife Tammy, and daughters Tai and Kelli.
- ^ "Transactions". Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "The Washington Redskins Tuesday obtained tight end Gregg McCrary". Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "The Washington Redskins Monday cut 10 players". Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "Tuesday's Sports Transactions". Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "Deals". Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "The Washington Redskins Wednesday signed linebacker Quentin Lowry". Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "Vikings Not In A Pickle With QB Dils". Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "This giving man needs a gift of his own: a kidney". Retrieved September 24, 2016.

subset: commoncrawl


text: 9 of us went to the new Village Inn not to long after they open it. The service was very, very slow, but the waiter was very nice. But he kept forgetting to bring our stuff we ordered and the orders were all messed up. Finally we just ate what we got. The food was good. Later 5 of us... More


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Bluboo Maya Max first OTA Update coming with OTG Fix
Bluboo Maya Max was released on September and available in market now. The shipping of the said smartphone has started and reached the buyers. Bluboo is busy with other new releases. And now they sent an announcement about OTA update for Bluboo Maya Max.
This is the first OTA update for Maya Max. Bluboo said this OTA update may hit the device soon. Now it is in the final testing process. Once the testing is over, Maya Max users can update their devices.
Bluboo also mentioned this first OTA update concentrated on fixing the OTG support and weather app in the main interface. So far, Bluboo have been receiving positive feedbacks from the users of Bluboo Maya Max. That makes this update into a regular minor bug fix update.
Bluboo stated after the OTA update installed, the users can connect an SD card reader, portable hard drive or USB flash drive to Bluboo Maya Max using the OTG support. It allows the smartphone to read, copy, and move files to the connected device. If any of the Maya Max user experienced any glitch or issue in connecting devices using OTG support, they must install this upcoming first OTA update in Maya Max. This update also will add a weather app to the main interface.
We will try to post the release date of this OTA update, once we get the information.
Also read –
8 Standard Quality Tests Guarantee the Superior Quality of Bluboo Maya Max
For those who don't know about Bluboo Maya Max, here is a small recap of its specs. It has 6.0-inch screen, 3GB RAM, 32GB ROM, MediaTek MT6750 Octa-core processor, 13MP rear camera, 8MP front camera, 4200mAh Battery, USB type C port etc.
Check more details in their official page – : http://www.bluboo.hk/product/maya-max
You can buy Bluboo Maya Max from Aliexpress here – http://bit.ly/2g1Ld5A


text:
Pest Tracker
Exotic Pest Reporting
Please contact firstname.lastname@example.com if you know of a public domain image.
Pea cyst nematode
Heterodera goettingiana
Pea cyst nematode (Heterodera goettingiana) is a nematode pest of Pea, bean, and vetch. It is a native of Europe and Russia and was first detected in Washington in 1993.
This nematode causes reduced root growth, water stress, suppression of nitrogen-fixing nodules,and yellow foliage.
Summaries of State Plant Protection Laws and Regulations
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text: You are viewing Failed Commercial Auditions: How To Get The Part - 3 of 5 Commercial Auditions - Motivation For The Actor By AwkwardSilenceVideo It may be shilling a product. It may be lowest common denominator. It may actually... more »It may be shilling a product. It may be lowest common denominator. It may actually harm the world. Still, its acting goddammit. Treat it with respect. Know your character, go over your Guideposts, and revisit those Meisner exercises. Youll need them. « less Published June 28, 2011 1.1k views More Info » Full Credits AwkwardSilenceVideo Uploader Stats & Data 20 Funny Votes 6 Die Votes 1,072 Views Published: June 28, 2011 Categories: Parody Real Life Fails Keywords: commercials auditions sketch Up Next: Commercial Auditions - Know Your Product AUTOPLAY Up Next In: 10 Commercial Auditions - Know Your Product Commercial Auditions - Keep It Light Commercial Auditions - Real Failed Audition Commercial Auditions - Improvisation Is Your Friend Follow Facebook Twitter Tumblr Instagram Browse Related Comments Failed Commercial Auditions: How To Get The Part 5+ more View All ▶ 10+ more View All ▶ AwkwardSilenceVideo Vaguely Related Videos Vaguely Related Pics & Words Advertisement Tags: commercials auditions sketch Advertisement


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The time you spend together is some of the best you'll both remember. Make him a book that showcases your favorite activities.
We're sharing tips on choosing just the right embellishments for a personalized photo book Dad will love!
What your Pop needs every morning is a cup of joe served in his very own mug. Make Dad's day with an 11 oz. white mug that induces a smile with every sip.
Send him a card that tells him you love his stories, even though you've heard them a million times.
He attends rock concerts and 2 o'clock tea parties. Create Dad a collection of everything he loves on 16x20 unframed canvases.


text:
Phelps, Ledecky, Biles grace Sports Illustrated cover
The magazine revealed the cover on its website Tuesday.
The magazine revealed the cover on its website Tuesday.
NFL and Pepsi said Monday they have had several conversations with artists about performing at the Super Bowl.
Justin Bieber is threatening to go private on Instagram after getting negative comments from fans of ex-girlfriend Selena Gomez.
Comedy Central's "The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore" is coming to an end.
Sony's raunchy R-rated comedy "Sausage Party" debuted in second place with $33.6 million.
Here are some of their best and worst moments from the games
The singer says her lack of dancing skills are part of the reason she turned down the offer.
The actor behind beloved character R2-D2 was found dead in his home this morning.
More than 20,000 people have been rescued from their homes as rain-swollen rivers flooded their banks .
The U.S. District Court in Milwaukee on Friday overturned Brendan Dassey's conviction and ordered him freed within 90 days
Veteran Fox executives Jack Abernethy and Bill Shine will become the new co-presidents of Fox News Channel.
Moji Maker— with its mix-and-match menu of happy, angry or goofy faces — was the No. 2 paid app on the iTunes chart.
This week's theatrical movie releases include "Sausage Party" and "Pete's Dragon."
Photos of Team USA during the first week of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games
Thomas Steinbeck, eldest son of Nobel Prize-winning author John Steinbeck, had died at age 72.


text:
Two Tales
1966 · London
by Agnon, S.Y.
London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1966. Second Impression. Octavo; VG/VG-; dust jacket spine yellow w/black txt, slight creasing at joints, superficial scratches, fraying at edges, minute pieces of DJ missing at front top & bottom edge, shelf wear; boards slightly bumping to corners otherwise clean & firm; binding separated from head band otherwise strong; pages have slight discoloration from aging, minor wear. In very good condition overall. 237pp. Rockville. (Inventory #: 7-3-1256044)


text:
black and bindis10:00 am
Bindis for your nails that is, as much as I love bindis I'm not sure I could pull one off. But how cool are these?! I think they go really well with this bright polish too just to add the teeniest bit of colour to my usual all black everything. I got these beauties from sparkly nails if you fancy taking a peek at what else they have on offer.
coat borrowed off mum / fluffy jumper primark / chain unknown / watch* casio via the watch hut / bracelets and Ganesh ring gifts / gold rings miss selfridge / nail bindis* sparkly nails / trousers river island / socks primark / new balance trainers foot asylum / bag topshop (old)
Phew, that's a lot of stuff I've been wearing. I also had my hair in a fab half-up-half-down topknot but the camera just seems to have completely ignored that fact, hmph. But I have been doing this hairstyle non-stop lately so I'm sure you'll see it in all it's glory soon. What hairstyles have you been loving lately?
13 comments
Love your cropped jumper! I've never heard pf nail bindis before, they look really cool though :) xxReplyDelete
I love the nails! They look so fab!! Especially with the black outfit! xxReplyDelete
lovely look, I love the bag and the coat. i would like to invite you to my blog. following you on g+, i hope you follow backReplyDelete
I LOVE those trousers! They look great on you!ReplyDelete
Great look.. love the trousers :)ReplyDelete
TERRIFACE | UK Fashion Blog
such a brilliant postReplyDelete
Want to follow each other on GFC, Bloglovin, FB and Twitter? Love
New Post Fashion Talks
Super cute :) Love the jumper!ReplyDelete
xx opinionslave.com
PS- I would love for you to enter my $250 Topshop giveaway on Instagram :)
Love this outfit!ReplyDelete
Emma x
Love this outfit Allie! Those trousers are gorgeous. And I'll have to try those nail bindis, there are so cute!ReplyDelete
Lauren | laurenthedaydreamer.blogspot.co.uk
Oh my gosh those pants are amazing!ReplyDelete
You're hitting the nail on the head with a fluffy sweater. Did you see the last look at Chanel? Pink feather, so frivolous and so fun. Great backpack too xReplyDelete
awesome outfit, love the all black ensemble and the pop of colour with your nails and those bindis are cool <3ReplyDelete


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Milk & Honey Bubble Bar
Another customer and personal favorite! When I hand make these, I think of Cleopatra and her baths of milk & honey! I've hand mixed a special blend of buttermilk powders with pure local honey powders into this rich bar, to leave your skin extra soft!
The Fragrance
A fresh, gentle fragrance of milk and sweet honey that will please year round!
How to use it
Tear off about a tablespoon of the bubble bar, and allow it to melt in your hand under running bath water.
Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate, Zea mays (Corn) Starch, Ricinus communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Decyl Glucoside, Fragrance OIl, Milk Powder, Honey Powder, Jasmine Flower
Size Options
- Offered in 5 ounce bars and 12 ounce tubs. Appearance may vary.
- One 5 ounce bar will make 3-4 bubble baths.
- One 12 ounce tub will make 10-12 bubble baths.
- Cruelty free
- Made with Biodegradable and Renewable Ingredients


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Expert Service 1-661-257-9993 [Hours]
Pioneer GEX-P20HD Open Box
HD Radio Tuner for use with "HD Radio Ready" Pioneer Head Units
Get FAST answers from customers ASK a Question See questions answers
Brand New from Pioneer! The Pioneer GEX-P20HD is the newer version of the Pioneer GEX-P10HD and is used to receive FREE digital HD radio. Use this HD radio tuner with your compatible Pioneer car stereo and you are on your way to getting the clearest radio transmission. Features that this tuner enables include iTunes tagging, multicasting, and more. iTunes tagging allows the user to "tag" the song that is playing on the HD radio station and save it on the connected iPod. The next time that iPod is connected to iTunes, that song and it's details will appear in the iTunes store. With iTunes tagging, you will never forget your favorite song on the radio. Multicasting allows stations to broadcast multiple stations on one analog frequency. This means that one radio station can be transmitting several programs at the same time with a digital signal. With this HD tuner, you will be able to listen to those "hidden" stations. Get rid of your traditional radio and upgrade to HD radio!Product Features:
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- Capable of multicasting two different programs at the same time
- iTunes tagging capable (with compatible Pioneer head units)
- Connects through the headunit's IP-BUS Interface
- Pass-through function allows additional IP Bus components to be connected to the stereo
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On some items such as wire or cables, this specifies how the cables connect to transfer the signals.
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Summary of Customer Ratings & Reviews
Product Summary
Model Number
Internal SKU
Internal Product ID
Wiring Diagram Legend
Warning: The image depicted shows the resistance change when wiring multiple subwoofer terminals. Please refer to your subwoofer's owner's manual for the proper wiring of its terminals. Sonic Electronix, Inc. is not responsible for damage caused to your audio system or vehicle due to improper installation. Please call tech support at 1-877-289-7664 if you require additional assistance.
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text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Otis Gospodnetic <otis_gospodne...@yahoo.com>
|Re: Indexer not fully indexing documents
|Wed, 21 May 2003 15:57:32 GMT
Yes, look at one of the (static?) IndexWriter fields in the javadoc. Otis --- Joe Paulsen <email@example.com> wrote: > I have just downloaded the Lucene 1.2 distribution. > > After running through the demo, I decided to index (using IndexFiles > that is used to load the demo documents) about 100 XML files that I > have available - most of which range in size from 0.6 to 3 megabytes. > I thought the indexer would treat these files as very large text > files (no fields) and essentially index all of the "words" in the > document. > > After the indexing operation, I used the SearchFiles demo to query > the database and noted what appears to be a problem with the way the > indexing occurred. In particular, I tried to query on simple phrases > (or unique words) that appeared near the end of some of these XML > files and got zero results. I.E., it would appear that only terms > which occurred at relatively speaking the "beginning" of these files > got indexed. (Not really sure what relative beginning means in terms > of size). > > Is this a limit based on the classes I am using - or some kind of > product limit based on document size? > > Thanks to anyone who can help! > > Joe > > __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Search - Faster. Easier. Bingo. http://search.yahoo.com --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
Prevalence and behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among children aged 2–18 in Beijing, China
Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China, Fax: 86 10 8563 2799, email@example.com
Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21045, USA, firstname.lastname@example.com
Objectives. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity and the related behavioral risk factors among children in Beijing. Methods. Data were collected as part of a 2004 comprehensive study on obesity and metabolic syndrome among 21 198 children, aged 2–18 years old in Beijing. Four local and international references for the classification of childhood overweight and obesity were compared. Results. The combined prevalence of obesity and overweight among children, aged 2–18 years old, was 18.7%, 21.4%, and 20.1% based on the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference, new World Health Organization (WHO) growth standard, and the US 2000 Center for Disease Control and Prevention Growth Charts, respectively; and it was 21.7%, according to the local Chinese body mass index (BMI) reference for school-age children (aged 7–18 years). Physical inactivity, less sleep duration, higher consumption of alcohol, snack food and Western fast food and more screen time were associated with overweight and obesity (p <0.05). Conclusions. Over 20% of children and adolescents in Beijing are overweight or obese. Effort should be made to combat the growing obesity epidemic.


text:
Is this restaurant good for large groups?
Does this restaurant serve Bar / Pub food?
Is this an American restaurant?
Does this restaurant serve alcohol?
Is this restaurant good for bar scene?
Does this restaurant have tables with seating?
Is this restaurant wheelchair accessible?
Is this restaurant good for dining on a budget?
Does this restaurant have waiters and waitresses?
Is this restaurant good for dinner?
Thanks for helping!
3 Days in Seattle
One Day in Seattle
Guide to Seattle Outdoors
We had a company dinner at The Garage and there was plenty to do. We spent most of the night bowling and playing pool. The food was great, nicely done. Full bar, that was easy to access. Plenty of parking near the bar.
It's a good place to play pool. We just had chicken fry which was good. My friends usually go there to play pool.
Bowling, food, drinks and poll if you want to! With many different areas inside and outside (during the Summer) as well as downstairs and upstairs, there's a place for everyone to be here.
Food selection is varied and service is great. Highly recommended for a date night or group event.
The place is HUGE, lots of pool tables, bowling alleys and a karaoke room up top! Bar service was very quick, and the food is delicious. Will definitely come here again in the future.
We had a large birthday gathering at the Garage and had a great time. We reserved 4 lanes on a Sunday afternoon and had a group of 20+ people bowling, shooting pool, eating, drinking, and just having fun. All of the staff was very friendly and happy to help with whatever was required. The food selection and preparation was solid....
So, if you are going bowling or to play pool with friends, you might be impressed that you can get an actual meal. If you are just meeting friends for dinner, there are a lot better places for that.
It is, of course, very noisy. Service was friendly, but slow. When our friends made the mistake of asking to have...
Ambience is great. Access to public transportation is great. Menu is outstanding. Staff couldn't do enough to please us.
We loved this place and ate here twice.
They combined a pool hall and a bowling alley. Perfect match. Lots of tables and lanes. You pay per hour so it really wasn't too expensive to do both. HINT: they take reservations, so make them. When we got there we got on the list for pool and bowling. It took about 30 min to get a table. The bowling...
Wonderful food, great atmosphere, great location! It's only a 1-mile walk to/from the ferry terminal. They have a full bar, full kitchen, bowling, and pool tables!! It's a great place to bring your large group of friends and enjoy the entire evening! There was no cover to get in when we went on a Saturday night.
Food was good and there was plenty of activities to keep everyone in the group entertained. Pool tables, bowling and video games. Would definitely recommend The Garage. The bartenders were awesome too!
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.


text:
Deist Forest
21,359 pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
|Cid: Oh, shut up and help me remodel the Deist Forest page!
|Please expand this article into a full one. More details can be found, and this request can be discussed, on the associated discussion page.
Deist Forest (ディスト北の森, Disuto Kita no Mori?) is a location in Final Fantasy Dimensions.
Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow. (Skip section)
Spoilers end here.


text:
UBC's medical school is rolling out a new curriculum next month, but it won't include more training on medical marijuana.
Three hours of class time is currently dedicated to the controversial medicine, even though doctors have now become the gatekeepers of the drug.
The Assistant Dean of Curriculum for the medical undergraduate program, Adam Peet, says there are few rigorous studies to guide even experienced physicians, much less medical students.
He was asked if education could be expanded one day.
"It really depends on how the whole issue of medical marijuana unfolds; you know I think it's really important to state that we are not so much about teaching content, as we are about teaching process. Medicine in any area within science is expanding at such a fantastic rate that it is impossible for everyone to stay up on everything all of the time."
He adds "I don't think the system is necessarily broken. There is always going to be new technologies and new controversies coming down the pipeline, and so it comes back to making sure our students are prepared to deal with them, rather than knowing how to manage each particular situation."
UBC researcher, Dr. MJ Milloy, says normally science comes before regulation, but not in this case.
He is studying the role between marijuana and HIV/AIDS.
"The scientific evidence we need to determine if something is beneficial or not, when it comes to marijuana, we still have a long way to go. We have preliminary data that it might have a beneficial effect on HIV infection. What we are hoping to do is run a clinical trial that will last one or two years at least to figure out if what we have seen in our preliminary work in fact occurs in these proper clinical trials."
He adds "It will take years for us to come up with adequate scientific knowledge to guide doctors and patients."
Health Canada refuses to approve marijuana as a drug or medicine.
It's been forced to regulate cannabis by the courts.
Read more about the revamped curriculum here .


text:
Wednesday, June 08, 2016
The Claypool Lennon Delirium - Bubbles Burst is my VID PICK of the YEAR (so far)
I never thought I would see a music video like this one...awesome work from Sean Lennon. Incredible. Dark. Brilliant.
SHARE ON FACEBOOK, GOOGLE 1-+ Randy Economy on Wednesday, June 08, 2016
Randy Economy is the host of The Randy Economy Show each and every Saturday night on AM 870 The Answer KRLA beginning at 8 p.m. on the West Coast, 11 p.m. East Coast.
Randy Economy is an award winning Investigative Journalist and is the winner of four top awards from the Los Angeles Press Club.
To follow Randy Economy on Twitter go to @EconomyRadio.
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Looking for Carpet Cleaning Jobs in Grand Prairie, Texas?
How's How to Find Carpet Cleaning & Shampooing Jobs in Grand Prairie, Texas
3 Grand Prairie Housekeeping Jobs Found
Greg Henderson
Detail oriented House keeper wantedLast seen over a week ago
Kathy GreenPost a Listing
Not finding what you're looking for?
Why not create a listing and let them come to you?


text:
- 匿名の
- 米国, 女性, 18-24
- ホステルビギナー
- 5 レビュー一覧
Loved staying here, we arrived during the off season so not many other guests. But the owner provided an airport shuttle which was helpful, fixed our heater for when our room was cold and was very helpful when my friends need a room last minute. Loved staying there, only minor issue was we didn't have international calling so when he wasn't in the office it was hard to keep in touch if we needed something. Overall really great location and price for staying that close to Fira, highly recommend!
Hostelworld モバイルアプリ
Hostelworld モバイル用アプリで外出中でも予約可能です。


text:
Today, I looked over at the car parked next to me and noticed a very large woman plucking her mustache. She locked eyes with me and kept plucking. After that, every time I looked over, she was still staring. Staring and plucking. Now when I close my eyes, I can still see her. FML
By banana2894 / Friday 10 August 2012 04:40 / United States - Eugene
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Top comments
By ninjadinos | 22
Oh, come on. Nobody forced you to look at the lady. Just chuckle and move on.
HoboSmeller | 13
Too many negative votes, comment buried. Show the comment
of your comment!
patrickalamo | 13
So your a voyeur
dressedskeleton | 13
You should have walked up to her and told her she missed a spot.
nictransitglory | 13
She looked OP right in the eyes and continued plucking... Like a boss!
putloginhere | 20
Well would you rather see her looking like chewbaca staring at you?
AussieChild | 20
Number 2- not all people who overweight, are overweight by choice. Some have different illness that makes them gain weight and very hard to lose. And yeah, excess hair may be "gross" but again, it is in no way her fault. She obviously inherited those genes, or again as a symptom of an illness. At least she's trying to make an effort with her appearance. Rant over.
fishface517 | 20
Good. Quit fml now. That was a great comment and you just refuted basic logic. We can't help entirely how we look. But we can help how we act.
paddy4169 | 20
Well I'd just like to say, even with the discovery of the fat gene etc etc. back in the day, regardless of whether not you had the gene, or an illness, people were skinny. People keep playing it off as we can't help the way we look, yes that's true for body features, but body structure such as excess weight, the yes you bloody hell can help the way you look. I'll be damned before I believe that 52% of Australians have some illness which makes you fat. Same with population of America, if 100 or so million people have this illness or hormonal problem, you can pluck my stash hairs and feed them to me. End of the day, regular exercise and diet will drop the weight. So please everyone face the reality, people are choosing unhealthy life styles and eating habits, sure the gene makes it harder, but I'm sure a gene in your body is not able to dictate what you eat.
TheIchiban | 20
I agree with the life style bit, but not the all people used to be skinny once upon a time. Have you noticed how chunky people were portrayed in many paintings centuries ago? The majority were probably rich royalty, but not all of them were thin.
AussieChild | 20
108- I never said that ALL overweight people had a medical problem, but some do have a legitimate reason. Weight gain can be a symptom of another illness, not the cause. Obviously, that's only a small percentage, but my point was that OP and others shouldn't be judging people when they don't know the circumstances surrounding
By ninjadinos | 22
Oh, come on. Nobody forced you to look at the lady. Just chuckle and move on.
fishface517 | 22
Chuckle and move on.. Reminds me when I saw some guy break some sort of flexible material while shoving it in his van... I was too far to see what- but I was close enough to see the "my wife is gonna kill me look" haha good times :)
goose12321 | 22
Some things can't be unseen.
fishface517 | 22
Yes I agree! I practically live by that statement :I
jacquesromualdez | 22
Maybe he's inlove!
fishface517 | 26
She must be practiced!
PeteyPablo12308 | 26
You should be flattered. Most people would want to keep their plucking private. She let you share in her mustache plucking. You share an unbreakable bond with her now. Lucky you.
PeteyPablo12308 | 26
Oops! This was supposed to be it's own comment. My mistake.
Dunvanation | 26
Has anyone noticed that OP never said that he didn't like this. He also said he couldn't get her out of his head... So he must be in love!!
SqueakyChipmunk | 21
Very discombobulating.
By roseXthorns | 28
Unless it was one of the longest red lights ever, why did you stay parked next to her? Why not drive away or get out of the car and walk away?
xrudeboyrock | 28
Haha, but why would OP just be.. sitting in a parking lot? I guess they could have been waiting for someone or something.
megaboo310 | 28
Dude in a parking lot
By fishface517 | 29
That's the thing nightmares are made of :o that's almost worse than clowns!
By superhumangambit | 26
I was thinking about her Thinking bout me Thinkin bout us (us) What we gunna be? Open my eyes, (Yeah) it was only just a dream...
blahblah0392 | 26
just a dream -Nelly (now it will remain in my head for the rest of the day)
UltimateGIRness | 26
Now that song is stuck in my head.Thanks >:(
zaynismylove | 29
just one thing you're profile pic is sexy ;)
zaynismylove | 29
lol zayn is from one direction and he's taken
SqueakyChipmunk | 29
No. No flirting on FML unless it's funny. This is not funny. STOP.
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text:
Dog Walkers in Camino, CA
Book a dog walker to give your dog a 30-minute walk around your neighborhood.
Retired Teacher and Dog Lover
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Happy to sit through the holidays!!
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"Nathan takes care of my dog like his own i honestly wouldnt trust anyone else to watch him for an extended amount of time and my dog loves to play with his (more)"
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We know you can't always be there, and it's our goal is to connect you with sitters in your neighborhood who can help take care of your pet. With Rover, it's easy to find and book Camino dog walkers who will give your dog the exercise they need. Book a 30-minute walk one day, once a week, or even every day. That way, you can take care of what you need to do and know your dog is getting the love they deserve. No matter how often you need a sitter or dog walker, we're here for you. We're proud to offer complimentary premium insurance with dog walking services booked through Rover. The next time you're looking for a dog walker in Camino, CA, visit Rover to search for the perfect dog walker, set up a Meet & Greet, and book a walk anytime you need it. All you have to do after that is sit back and relax: your dog's in good hands.
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text:
Dsb or matrix
Discussion in 'General Discussions and Advice' started by Aurora, 17 Apr 2015.
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Contact or call us today to see if you qualify for a
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Explore the advantages of The Royal Athena lifestyle and discover the best in luxury living.
Moments from everything. Miles from ordinary.
Hello my name is Marie Jacobson. How can I help you today?


text: Spryfield (2011 population: 10,864) is an unincorporated community in Mainland Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It was founded about 1770, by Captain William Spry, who purchased land there and established the settlement with the aid of stationed soldiers from the nearby Halifax garrison.[1] In 1783, he sold the property and returned to England. The name "Spryfield" is also sometimes used to refer to the general area of Halifax's South Mainland, which includes a number of communities along the Herring Cove and Purcell's Cove Roads.


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text: aTm gagged against Mizzou, wonder if the SEC is having second thoughts about both of them, welcome the new doormats or at least underacheivers. AFA is getting healthy and happy against New Mexico, 35-0 at half. Michigan State does their normal, get highly ranked and then fall apart. Got killed by the nubs. Oregon struggling against Wazzou, only lead 8-3 in the 2nd quarter.


text:
Chart-topping games are either big-name franchises, hi-tech new adventures or megaselling sequels, right?
Not necessarily. Ubisoft's 'Just Dance', which was released in November, has just bopped its way back to the number one spot in the games sales chart for the third time. Bearing in mind that this is a third-party title that costs just £24.99, and that it has seen off some of the industry's finest – 'Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2', no less – it seems like the gaming world has been turned on its head. How can this be? Well, 'Just Dance' has much of the appeal of music games such as 'Rock Band' and 'Guitar Hero', plus the dance mat-based games of yore, but without the fiddly, expensive peripherals. It's been cleverly marketed, it's cheap as chips, it's simple, it appeals to the relatively new casual market and, most importantly, it's a total laugh to play. In fact, I spent most of last week doing just that. 'Just Dance' – long may it reign.
- More about:
- Commonwealth Games
- Dance
- Franchises
- Gaming


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I'm getting
"warning: implicit declaration of function 'sleep' and 'rand'.
How can I track elapsed time (seconds, or milliseconds) in the kernal?
And generate psuedorandom #'s?
Printable View
I'm getting
"warning: implicit declaration of function 'sleep' and 'rand'.
How can I track elapsed time (seconds, or milliseconds) in the kernal?
And generate psuedorandom #'s?
You want to look at the file kernel/time.c and in it you will find the various time functions available. They are usually centered around the "jiffie" which is the number of clock ticks since the system came up. There are all sorts of conversion functions like jiffies_to_timeval() jiffies_to_msec() etc...
Generating random numbers... you are on your own.
These days, I have found that building a wrapper function a:
float elapsed_seconds( jiffies );
saves lots of development time, and reduces coding complexity substantially.
My client has a demo deadline this week, and I must get TCP and this other stuff running in the client's kernel module, where lives their app (don't ask me why -- "the customer is always right"). :)
In fact, the real quote is:
"The customer is never wrong"
Which actually means something quite different.
Good Luck!
I'm an optimist -- I never use the word 'wrong' in same breath as 'customer.'
Actually, I think the quote should be "The customer is an idiot, but it never pays to let them know that."... :-)
it's defined in asm-powerpc/time.h
Anyone already have any experience, or wrapper functions for this?
sleep funtion in kernel is : msleep, //delay.h
The module fails to load for lack of a symbol when msleep() is used.
Try the mdelay(unsigned long ms) macro/inline function. It is defined in delay.h which has (on my RHEL/CentOS system) this comment:
In any case, when doing kernel-level coding, reading the headers is generally "a good thing" since they will help with comments/documentation like this, and they do change significantly depending upon the kernel you are using.Code:
* Using udelay() for intervals greater than a few milliseconds can
* risk overflow for high loops_per_jiffy (high bogomips) machines. The
* mdelay() provides a wrapper to prevent this. For delays greater
* than MAX_UDELAY_MS milliseconds, the wrapper is used. Architecture
* specific values can be defined in asm-???/delay.h as an override.
* The 2nd mdelay() definition ensures GCC will optimize away the
* while loop for the common cases where n <= MAX_UDELAY_MS -- Paul G.


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One Piece Episode 391 English Dubbed
If you want to watch One Piece Episode 391 English Dubbed free episodes withal and high quality commercial the right website. Watch One Piece Episode 391 English Dubbed and different scenes in amazing streaming free of charge. Stream One Piece Episode 391 English Dubbed on the web. The crew splits up in order to explore the archipelago. Hatchan, Keimi, and Paggag lead Luffy, Chopper, and Brook to find the mechanic Hatchan spoke of. In town, they witness a disturbance caused by a man claiming to be an escaped slave yelling for help in getting an iron collar off. To the Straw Hats' horror, the collar explodes, severly injuring the man. Two people wearing gaudy clothing and bubble helmets, Saint Roswald and his daughter Saint Shalulia arrive and callously shoots his body twice before leaving him for the Marines to pick up.


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WordPress Auto Spinner v3.2.2- Articles Rewriter posts automatically to convert it to fresh new content by replacing words and phrases by it's synonyms on auto pilot using it's built in synonyms database or optionally using one of the best spinning services api including..
- SpinRewriter api
- WordAi.com api
- TheBestSpinner.com api
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- Automatically spin wordpress posts– WordPress Auto Spinner is a wordpress rewriter plugin that replaces post words and phrases by its synonyms.
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WordPress Auto Spinner v3.2.2- Articles Rewriter Changelog
v3.2.2 (10 August 2016)
Bug fix: Editing old posts posted before installing the plugin was resulting in spinning the post if the auto spin option is active
Fix: ContentProfessor Method now spins long articles
Fix: now pre_get_posts get removed which at some cases stopped the queue from processing


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I've added new first high quality look event photos of Demi Lovato attends the 2013 Teen Choice Awards at Gibson Amphitheatre on August 11, 2013 in Universal City, California. She looks amazing! Check back for more high quality photos!
Home DemiGallery.com Demi Lovato @ 2013 TCAs 08/11 Hi Res Photos (Inside!)


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Community Organisations
Community Organisations operating in East Perthshire:
Blairgowrie & Rattray Highland Games
- Contact: Margaret Wotherspoon
- Telephone: 01250 870372
- www.blairgowriehighlandgames.co.uk
Cateran Trail
- Contact: Bob Ellis
- Telephone: 01250 873899
Forward Coupar Angus
Community Market
Coupar Angus Cycling Hub
Coupar Angus Food Focus
Make a Difference Team
Energy Saving Coupar Angus
Community Engagement Survey
- www.forwardcouparangus.com
Glenshee & Strathardle Tourist Association (GSTA)
- Contact: Alex Winton, Dalmunzie Estate, Spittal of Glenshee, PH10 7QE Tel. 01250 885226
- www.glenofthefairies.co.uk
Strathmore & The Glens - Community Markets
- Contact: Sue Cole
- Telephone: 01828 640763
- www.strathmoreglens.org
Bookmark - Blairgowrie, Rattray & The Glens Book Festival
- Contact: Contact via www.bookmarkblair.com
Strathmore Centre for Youth Development (SCYD)
A Young person led centre that provides information, support and services in the Strathmore area for young people.
- Wellmeadow House, Gase Brae, Blairgowrie
- Visit the Wellmeadow Cafe for tea, coffee, food and home baking. Open to all.


text:
New Delhi: The country's public spending on health is "little over" 1 per cent of GDP, the Economic Survey said on Tuesday, adding that there are "insufficient" instances of good models in the health sector.
"Given the pressing need to redistribute, India did not invest sufficiently in human capital for instance, public spending on health was an unusually low 0.22 per cent of the GDP in 1950-51.
"This has risen to a little over 1 per cent today, but well below the world average of 5.99 per cent," the survey tabled in Parliament said.
It said that as per Reserve Bank of India data, expenditure on social services by Centre and states, as a proportion of GDP was 7.0 per cent during 2016-17 (Budget Estimate), with education and health sectors accounting for 2.9 per cent and 1.4 per cent respectively.
"The year 2014-15 in respect of which latest actual figures are available showed a significant decline from the RE level following a large decrease in actual social sector expenditure of the states from the revised estimates," it said.
It said that on state capacity, delivery of essential services such as health and education, which are predominantly the preserve of state governments, remains "impaired".
"But on health and education there are insufficient instances of good models that can travel widely within India and that are seen as attractive political opportunities. Competitive populism needs a counterpart in competitive service delivery," it said.
The Economic Survey said that a second distinctive feature of the Indian economic model is the "weakness" of state capacity, especially in delivering essential services such as health and education.
It said that India's health policy aims at an integrated approach which will provide accessible, affordable and equitable quality health care to the marginalised and vulnerable sections.
"Despite the challenges faced by the government in providing affordable health services to the population, there have been some notable achievements in the health sector. Life expectancy has doubled and infant mortality and crude death rates have reduced sharply.
"India's total fertility rate (TFR) has been steadily declining and was 2.3 (rural 2.5 and urban 1.8) during 2014. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has declined to 37 per 1000 live births in 2015 from 44 in 2011.
"The challenge lies in addressing the huge gap between IMR in rural (41 per 1000 live births) and urban (25 per 1000 live births) areas," the survey said.
It said that Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) declined from 301 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births during 2001-03 to 167 during 2011-13.
"There are wide regional disparities in MMR, with states like Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar recording MMR well above the all India MMR of 167.
"Therefore, in addition to reducing the all India MMR in line with SDG 3 targets, by improving health and nutritional status of women, there is need to focus on states with MMR higher than the national average," it said.
The high levels of anaemia prevalent among women in the age group 15-49 have a direct correlation with high levels of MMR and in Haryana and West Bengal more than 60 per cent of women suffer from anaemia.
"India's low level of expenditures on health (and education) have been the subject of criticism. It is worth understanding states' health and demographic outcomes since the 1980s. Two such key indicators are life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate.
"There are two primary reasons to expect convergence in these key health indicators. Intuitively, the worse the initial situation, the faster progress will occur not least because many medical 'technologies' such as antibiotics and other medical practices are commonly available across the world and India," it pointed out.
The survey said that the second is a measurement issue, there are much clearer bounds on health indicators that would naturally lead to convergence.
Pointing out to another area, it said that Kerala, which started off with a life expectancy of 73.5 years in 2002, posted an increase of about 1.27 years over 11 years while UP, which started off with an LE of 60.8 years in 2002, saw a gain that was twice as large of about 3 years.
Similarly, even more than a decade later, Kerala experienced little change in its IMR of 11 while Odisha registered a 49 point decrease, moving from an IMR of 87 to 38 points.
"The fact that convergence is occurring in key health indicators within India suggests that there are no traps of the sort described earlier that prevent technologies from flowing freely within the country. How does this progress compare on a global scale?
"There is an interesting contrast here. In LE, there is strong evidence of international convergence. However, the Indian states all lie below the line of best fit, indicating that the Indian states are making slower progress than the average country," it said.
It said that analysis shows that the under-performance of the Indian states was not true of the 1990s, but that owed in part to the AIDS epidemic that drastically reduced LE in large parts of sub Saharan Africa. The world recovered from that in the 2000s and seems to have posted stronger gains than the Indian states.
"In sum, India is doing reasonably well on life expectancy on an international scale, but on IMR has scope for improvement," it said.
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The Kobold Stand Mount Platform for EWB Ballasts attaches to your ballast and light stand. It helps protect the ballast by keeping it off the ground. It enables a clearer view of the LEDs to keep you better informed as to the working status of your ballast. It also adds convenience when you are shooting "on-the-go".
|Ballast Units EWB 200 / EWB 400.575.800
|Bron Kobold Main Cable for EWB 200 EWB 400.575 EWB 400.575.800 HMI Ballasts USA


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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|December 17, 2012 04:01 AM EST
LONDON, Dec. 17, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- The GSMA today announced that CEOs and senior executives from Bharti Airtel, Deezer, Dropbox, General Motors, Juniper Networks and Qtel will take to the stage in keynote sessions at the 2013 GSMA Mobile World Congress, taking place 25-28 February 2013 at Fira Gran Via in Barcelona. The company announced several new sponsors participating in the App Planet and mPowered Brands programmes, along with new partner events and training sessions taking place at Mobile World Congress.
"Mobile World Congress conference attendees will have the opportunity to hear from some of the most prominent individuals in the mobile industry today, as well as leaders from companies in other industries," said Michael O'Hara, Chief Marketing Officer, GSMA. "We are particularly excited to welcome several speakers who are making their debuts in the Mobile World Congress keynote programme and will offer new perspectives."
Stellar Keynote Lineup at Mobile World Congress
A number of additional CEOs and senior executives from leading companies across the mobile ecosystem and in adjacent industries have recently been confirmed to speak in the Mobile World Congress keynote programme, including:
- Sunil Mittal, Chairman and MD, Bharti Airtel
- Axel Dauchez, CEO, Deezer
- Drew Houston, Founder and CEO, Dropbox
- Stephen Girsky, Vice Chairman, General Motors
- Kevin Johnson, CEO, Juniper Networks
- Dr. Nasser Marafih, Group CEO, Qtel Group
These executives join previously announced Mobile World Congress keynote speakers:
- Randall Stephenson, Chairman, President and CEO, AT&T
- Rene Obermann, CEO, Deutsche Telekom
- Hans Vestberg, President and CEO, Ericsson
- Franco Bernabe, Chairman, GSMA and Chairman and CEO, Telecom Italia Group
- Suk-Chae Lee, Chairman and CEO, KT Corp.
- Gary Kovacs, CEO, Mozilla
- Susan Whiting, Vice Chair, Nielsen
- Stephen Elop, President and CEO, Nokia
- Kaoru Kato, President and CEO, NTT DOCOMO
- Paul Jacobs, Chairman and CEO, Qualcomm
- Talmon Marco, Founder and CEO, Viber Media
- Lars Nyberg, President and CEO, TeliaSonera
- Vittorio Colao, Chief Executive, Vodafone Group
Beyond the keynotes, the 2013 conference will also include sessions exploring hot topics such as big data, mobile cloud, mWallets, NFC, small cells and smart cities, as well as the role of mobile in adjacent industries like advertising, automotive, finance and retail. For more information on the Mobile World Congress keynotes, as well as the full conference programme, visit www.mobileworldcongress.com/conference.
Nokia, Plantronics and Samsung to Host ADCs in App Planet
For the fourth year at Mobile World Congress, App Planet will bring together mobile industry leaders and the application development community to participate in programmes focusing on the explosive growth in the mobile apps market, as well as exhibition, product and service demonstrations, networking and workshops. The GSMA today announced that App Planet Supporting Sponsors Nokia, Plantronics and Samsung will be holding app developer conferences (ADCs) in App Planet, joining previously announced App Planet Supporting Sponsors including the Car Connectivity Consortium and Wireless Industry Partnership. The Official App Planet Sponsor is Generalitat de Catalunya - Government of Catalonia and Supporting Sponsor is Inneractive. For more information, visit www.mobileworldcongress.com/app-planet-overview/.
New Partner Events and Training Sessions
In addition to the GTI Summit taking place on Tuesday 26th February, Mobile World Congress will also feature partner events from companies including ClickSoftware, Fastback Networks, IBM, MasterCard, the Open Mobile Alliance and Taisys. For more information on these new partner events, visit www.mobileworldcongress.com/partner-events/
Mobile World Congress 2013 will also include training sessions delivered by Andrew Seybold Wireless University and Award Solutions. These independent seminars will focus on the deployment of next-generation mobile technologies and include sessions such as "Mobile Today and Tomorrow" presented by Andrew Seybold Wireless University, and "Making an Impact with VoLTE" and "Keys to Successful LTE Networks", both presented by Award Solutions. For more information on these training sessions, visit www.mobileworldcongress.com/training/
New mPowered Brands Supporting Sponsor
Mobile-Loco has joined as the latest mPowered Brands Supporting Sponsor at Mobile World Congress. Designed to develop marketers' and enterprise leaders' mobile knowledge and to fast-track their use of mobile for marketing and consumer engagement, mPowered Brands comprises three elements: the mPowered Brands Zone, mPowered Brands Theatres and mPowered Brands Mobile Ambassadors. For more information on mPowered Brands, visit www.mobileworldcongress.com/mpoweredbrands-overview.
Demonstration Sponsors for Mobile World Congress Media Welcome Reception
The GSMA announced that Mobeam, Symphony Teleca and Trend Micro will be participating in demonstration showcases at the first official Mobile World Congress Media Welcome Reception. Held on Sunday, 24th February from 17:00 to 19:00 at Fira Gran Via, this networking cocktail reception will offer accredited press and industry analysts the opportunity to meet with leading players from across the mobile ecosystem and preview the week's activities in relaxed social environment. For more information on the Media Welcome Reception at Mobile World Congress, visit www.mobileworldcongress.com/press/.
The Mobile World Congress is the cornerstone of the Mobile World Capital, which will be hosted in Barcelona from 2013 to 2018. The Mobile World Capital also includes the Mobile World Centre, the Mobile World Festival and the Mobile World Hub, programmes and activities that will span the entire year and will benefit not only the citizens of Barcelona, Catalonia and Spain, but also the worldwide mobile industry. For more information on the Mobile World Capital, visit www.mobileworldcapital.com.
About the GSMA
The GSMA represents the interests of mobile operators worldwide. Spanning more than 220 countries, the GSMA unites nearly 800 of the world's mobile operators with more than 230 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem, including handset makers, software companies, equipment providers and Internet companies, as well as organisations in industry sectors such as financial services, healthcare, media, transport and utilities. The GSMA also produces industry-leading events such as the Mobile World Congress and Mobile Asia Expo.
For more information, please visit the GSMA corporate website at www.gsma.com or Mobile World Live, the online portal for the mobile communications industry, at www.mobileworldlive.com
@ThingsExpo has been named the Most Influential 'Smart Cities - IIoT' Account and @BigDataExpo has been named fourteenth by Right Relevance (RR), which provides curated information and intelligence on approximately 50,000 topics. In addition, Right Relevance provides an Insights offering that combines the above Topics and Influencers information with real time conversations to provide actionable intelligence with visualizations to enable decision making. The Insights service is applicable to eve...
Apr. 27, 2017 06:30 PM EDT Reads: 2,813
DevOps is often described as a combination of technology and culture. Without both, DevOps isn't complete. However, applying the culture to outdated technology is a recipe for disaster; as response times grow and connections between teams are delayed by technology, the culture will die. A Nutanix Enterprise Cloud has many benefits that provide the needed base for a true DevOps paradigm.
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Cybersecurity is a critical component of software development in many industries including medical devices. However, code is not always written to be robust or secure from the unknown or the unexpected. This gap can make medical devices susceptible to cybersecurity attacks ranging from compromised personal health information to life-sustaining treatment. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Clark Fortney, Software Engineer at Battelle, will discuss how programming oversight using key methods can incre...
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Most technology leaders, contemporary and from the hardware era, are reshaping their businesses to do software in the hope of capturing value in IoT. Although IoT is relatively new in the market, it has already gone through many promotional terms such as IoE, IoX, SDX, Edge/Fog, Mist Compute, etc. Ultimately, irrespective of the name, it is about deriving value from independent software assets participating in an ecosystem as one comprehensive solution.
Apr. 27, 2017 03:45 PM EDT Reads: 555
The 20th International Cloud Expo has announced that its Call for Papers is open. Cloud Expo, to be held June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, brings together Cloud Computing, Big Data, Internet of Things, DevOps, Containers, Microservices and WebRTC to one location. With cloud computing driving a higher percentage of enterprise IT budgets every year, it becomes increasingly important to plant your flag in this fast-expanding business opportunity. Submit your speaking proposal ...
Apr. 27, 2017 01:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,299
New competitors, disruptive technologies, and growing expectations are pushing every business to both adopt and deliver new digital services. This 'Digital Transformation' demands rapid delivery and continuous iteration of new competitive services via multiple channels, which in turn demands new service delivery techniques – including DevOps. In this power panel at @DevOpsSummit 20th Cloud Expo, moderated by DevOps Conference Co-Chair Andi Mann, panelists will examine how DevOps helps to meet th...
Apr. 27, 2017 01:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,590
SYS-CON Events announced today that Juniper Networks (NYSE: JNPR), an industry leader in automated, scalable and secure networks, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 20th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Juniper Networks challenges the status quo with products, solutions and services that transform the economics of networking. The company co-innovates with customers and partners to deliver automated, scalable and secure network...
Apr. 27, 2017 01:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,461
SYS-CON Events announced today that Hitachi, the leading provider the Internet of Things and Digital Transformation, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 20th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Hitachi Data Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hitachi, Ltd., offers an integrated portfolio of services and solutions that enable digital transformation through enhanced data management, governance, mobility and analytics. We help globa...
Apr. 27, 2017 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,302
SYS-CON Events announced today that T-Mobile will exhibit at SYS-CON's 20th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. As America's Un-carrier, T-Mobile US, Inc., is redefining the way consumers and businesses buy wireless services through leading product and service innovation. The Company's advanced nationwide 4G LTE network delivers outstanding wireless experiences to 67.4 million customers who are unwilling to compromise on ...
Apr. 27, 2017 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,227
Five years ago development was seen as a dead-end career, now it's anything but – with an explosion in mobile and IoT initiatives increasing the demand for skilled engineers. But apart from having a ready supply of great coders, what constitutes true 'DevOps Royalty'? It'll be the ability to craft resilient architectures, supportability, security everywhere across the software lifecycle. In his keynote at @DevOpsSummit at 20th Cloud Expo, Jeffrey Scheaffer, GM and SVP, Continuous Delivery Busine...
Apr. 27, 2017 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,057
20th Cloud Expo, taking place June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading industry players in the world. Cloud computing is now being embraced by a majority of enterprises of all sizes. Yesterday's debate about public vs. private has transformed into the reality of hybrid cloud: a recent survey shows that 74% of enterprises have a hybrid cloud strategy.
Apr. 27, 2017 12:15 PM EDT Reads: 3,148
With major technology companies and startups seriously embracing IoT strategies, now is the perfect time to attend @ThingsExpo 2016 in New York. Learn what is going on, contribute to the discussions, and ensure that your enterprise is as "IoT-Ready" as it can be! Internet of @ThingsExpo, taking place June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, New York, is co-located with 20th Cloud Expo and will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading industry p...
Apr. 27, 2017 12:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,227
With major technology companies and startups seriously embracing Cloud strategies, now is the perfect time to attend @CloudExpo | @ThingsExpo, June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY and October 31 - November 2, 2017, Santa Clara Convention Center, CA. Learn what is going on, contribute to the discussions, and ensure that your enterprise is on the right path to Digital Transformation.
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SYS-CON Events announced today that SoftLayer, an IBM Company, has been named "Gold Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 18th Cloud Expo, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York, New York. SoftLayer, an IBM Company, provides cloud infrastructure as a service from a growing number of data centers and network points of presence around the world. SoftLayer's customers range from Web startups to global enterprises.
Apr. 27, 2017 10:45 AM EDT Reads: 2,209
SYS-CON Events announced today that Hitachi, the leading provider the Internet of Things and Digital Transformation, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 20th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Hitachi Data Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hitachi, Ltd., offers an integrated portfolio of services and solutions that enable digital transformation through enhanced data management, governance, mobility and analytics. We help globa...
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NHK, Japan Broadcasting, will feature the upcoming @ThingsExpo Silicon Valley in a special 'Internet of Things' and smart technology documentary that will be filmed on the expo floor between November 3 to 5, 2015, in Santa Clara. NHK is the sole public TV network in Japan equivalent to the BBC in the UK and the largest in Asia with many award-winning science and technology programs. Japanese TV is producing a documentary about IoT and Smart technology and will be covering @ThingsExpo Silicon Val...
Apr. 27, 2017 09:15 AM EDT Reads: 729
The age of Digital Disruption is evolving into the next era – Digital Cohesion, an age in which applications securely self-assemble and deliver predictive services that continuously adapt to user behavior. Information from devices, sensors and applications around us will drive services seamlessly across mobile and fixed devices/infrastructure. This evolution is happening now in software defined services and secure networking. Four key drivers – Performance, Economics, Interoperability and Trust ...
Apr. 27, 2017 08:45 AM EDT Reads: 721
SYS-CON Events announced today that Hitachi Data Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hitachi LTD., will exhibit at SYS-CON's 20th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City. Hitachi Data Systems (HDS) will be featuring the Hitachi Content Platform (HCP) portfolio. This is the industry's only offering that allows organizations to bring together object storage, file sync and share, cloud storage gateways, and sophisticated search an...
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SYS-CON Events announced today that CollabNet, a global leader in enterprise software development, release automation and DevOps solutions, will be a Bronze Sponsor of SYS-CON's 20th International Cloud Expo®, taking place from June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. CollabNet offers a broad range of solutions with the mission of helping modern organizations deliver quality software at speed. The company's latest innovation, the DevOps Lifecycle Manager (DLM), supports Value S...
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@GonzalezCarmen has been ranked the Number One Influencer and @ThingsExpo has been named the Number One Brand in the "M2M 2016: Top 100 Influencers and Brands" by Analytic. Onalytica analyzed tweets over the last 6 months mentioning the keywords M2M OR "Machine to Machine." They then identified the top 100 most influential brands and individuals leading the discussion on Twitter.
Apr. 27, 2017 05:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,241


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New Delhi, May 12: James Christian Michel, an alleged middleman who India is eyeing to question for the AgustaWestland chopper deal told NDTV that in 2008, Congress chief and chairperson of the then ruling UPA, Sonia Gandhi, was described by him in a letter as "the driving force" behind the decision to acquire new helicopters to be used by top politicians. [Agusta: 6 nations remain mum]
James, however, also told the news channel that he does not either Sonia or her son Rahul Gandhi, the vice-president of the Congress. Dubai-based James also said that his written suggestion that they be lobbied by diplomats did not mean that they were bribed. [CBI wants details of journalists, politicians, officials from middleman]
James, in fact made the most crucial remark in the interview given to NDTV when he said: "I have to protect the Gandhis to protect myself." He said this when elaborating his stand that the Gandhis did not play any role in the alleged scam.
Michel also defended his earlier claim that Prime Minister Narendra Modi met his Italian counterpart on the sidelines of a UN summit in New York last year and wanted to exchange the two Italian marines imprisoned in India on murder charges with information about the chopper deal. [Conceal the commissions through Indian firms, middleman said in an email]
The NDA government, however, denied in Parliament that any such meeting had taken place.
Oneindia News


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The ideal mode of travel to/from Sossusvlei Lodge, offering a time saving and safe travel combined with the bird's eye view of scenic natural beauty.
Departure to or from Swakopmund / Walvis Bay / Windhoek Eros Airport or Windhoek International Airport with a 6-seater Cessna 210 light aircraft available.
The approximate flight duration is an hour.
Luggage restrictions apply to 10kg per person in soft bags.
Quotes on request.
For day visitors and fly-inns (Lodge guests free of charge)
For all passengers & guests flying in including permit into Park to airstrip