text:
Speed Trap
Dateline — Cherokee, NC, September 2
Bad weather in Atlanta (or so they say) kept me and my fellow Delta passengers sitting for three hours in a plane on the tarmac waiting to take off. Arrived in Atlanta late, crashed, and was awakened by the phone ringing. A live radio interview: a major show in Louisville, Kentucky. They put me on hold for a few seconds, just enough time for me to race to the honor bar in my hotel room, grab a Diet Coke, and chug it. Enough caffeine to kick-start my brain, but the carbonation wasn't good for my delivery. . .


text:
1. If someone is making money from his physique in the mainstream world, there is 99% chance that he is on steroids.
2. Full upper chest, round and massive 3D deltoids, huge traps and paper thin skin are classic traits of heavy steroid users.
3. If someone is bigger than this guide, he is probably pinning.
4. If someone has a nickname containing the word "natural" or "natty", he is a heavy drug user.
5. If someone is presenting himself as "all natural" or "full natty", he is on heavy drugs.
6. If a girl has a man voice, she is a heavy drug user regardless of the fact that she does "CrossFit".
7. If someone is benching over 405 and is fairly lean, he is a drug user.
8. If someone is squatting 3 times his bodyweight or more, he is a drug user.
9. If someone has bitch tits and huge muscles at the same time, he is a drug user.
10. If someone with big muscles says you are not as big as him because you are not counting your macros, he is a heavy drug user and probably a porn addict too.
11. If someone with big muscles says the key to muscle growth is eating six meals a day, he is as dumb as doorknob and on roids.
12. If someone with big muscles is telling you that all it takes to acquire muscle gains is protein powder, he is a liar and probably a steroid user.
13. All IFBB pros are on anabolic steroids.
14. If someone with big muscles is talking about "getting sick gains from creatine", he is a steroid user.
15. All ripped sugar daddies with big muscles are on steroids.
16. If someone with really big muscles is telling you that the key to muscular growth is a secret workout, he is on steroids.
17. If someone smells like ethyl alcohol (spirit) in the locker room, he is a steroid user who just got a shot and disinfected the spot.
18. If someone with big muscles is often shrinking before getting big again, he is on steroids.
19. If someone has testicles the size of raisins, he is probably on steroids.
20. If someone has puffy nipples, he is on steroids.
21. If someone is ripped & big and tells you that he only eats junk food, he is on steroids.
22. If someone with huge muscles says you can get as huge as him by doing squats and deads, he is on steroids.
23. If a woman has shredded abs, veins on the lower abdomen, 3D delts and full upper chest, she is on steroids but you probably already knew that.
24. If someone with 20 inches arms is telling you that the key to arm growth is Scott curls, he is on steroids.
25. If someone is a professional strength athlete, he is on steroids.
26. If someone competes in a professional mainstream sport depending on large slabs of muscles, he is on steroids.
27. If someone is old and yet has huge muscles and shredded six pack abs, he is on steroids.
28. If someone under 6'3″ weighs 200 lbs and is shredded, he is on steroids.
29. If someone with big muscles is trying to reach you the importance of taking your pre-workout drink on time, he is on steroids.
30. If someone got insanely fucking huge in less than 2 years, he is on steroids.
31. If a professional bodybuilder was active after 1940, he is/was on steroids.
32. If someone has striated glutes and huge arms at the same time, he is on steroids.
33. If someone with huge chest says you need to do chest flies, he is on steroids.
34. If someone is telling you how he got really huge in prison by lifting buckets of water, he is on steroids.
35. If someone is telling you how he knows someone who is 220 lbs and "all muscle", that somebody is either fat as hell or on steroids.
36. If someone with huge muscles is telling you the key to muscular growth is nutrient timing, he is on steroids.
37. If someone is featured on SimplyShredded.com, he is not natural.
38. If someone is used as illustration in an article on T-Nation.com, he is not natural in 96,7% of the cases.
39. If someone is as big as bodybuilders from the Golden era, he is not natural.
40. If someone has dry slabs of muscle and looks insanely ripped and dry, he is not natural.
41. If someone with big muscles looks 10-15 years older in the face, it could be the roids talking. Steroids make your face age faster.
42. If someone with a huge chest says that you can't overtrain and you should pump them pecs 6 days a week, he has a dealer.
43. If you catch your son with his pants down, pinning a needle in his glutes, it's not Vitamin B.
44. If someone is talking about how effective "cell tech" is, he is not talking about cell tech. It's a metaphor used for steroids.
45. If someone with big muscles is receiving a mysterious package on a regular basis, it's not the electricity bill. It's a muscle elixir.
46. If a natural bodybuilder is constantly talking about getting stretch marks, he is either not natty or is getting really fat really fast.
47. If someone with 20 inches arms is saying the key to muscular growth is drinking milk, he is a liar and a steroids user.
48. If a man has big muscles and milk coming from his nipples, he is on steroids and suffers from severe hormonal imbalances.
49. If someone with big muscles says he spends a lot of money on supplements, he is on steroids.
50. Bottom line: If someone has big muscles, he is on steroids.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
JWR HOME SERVICES of Allen, Texas, offers you a variety of handyman services. We provide quality work to communities in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex within a 50-mile radius around Allen. We are a family-owned-and-operated business and a trusted name in home repair and handyman services.
At JWR HOME SERVICES, we are always on call and are prepared to handle almost any project you may have. We make it a point to interact with each and every customer. It's our way of ensuring things are done right and that you are happy with our work. As a result, we are pleased to offer home owners and property managers the finest home repair and maintenance. Contact us today for prompt, efficient service.
Appliance Installations
Smart Home Systems
Bath & Kitchen Remodels
Child Proofing
Interior & Exterior Painting
Deck & Patio Repairs
TV Mounting & Home Theater Setups
Fence Installations, Staining & Repairs
Light Electrical Services
Windows, Walls & Doors
Plumbing & Drain Repairs
Furniture Assembly
Pressure Washing
© 2017 - Handyman.com


text:
MIT 6.00 Intro Computer Science (OCW)
In the getting started pdf it gives two practice exercises to do to get you acquainted with IDLE. Here is the quote: "Exercise (this is just for practice, solutions will not be graded or collected in class) Use IDLE to calculate: 1. 23.0 to the 5th power 2. Positive root of the following equation: 34*x^2 + 68*x - 510 Recall: a*x^2 + b*x + c x1 = ( - b + sqrt ( b*b - 4*a*c ) ) / ( 2*a) the first one of course went fine but I'm lost on the second one. googled positive root fwiw but that did not help with this situation. help me?


text:
This is bold for me....like totally out of character BOLD! But after today...and this month...and the last 6 months, I really can't have a blog entitled Stuff I Love and not include this.
In October, our Stake President spoke in our ward. He is a very direct man...kind of like how I imagine King Benjamin (only not as old)...But really, what Stake President isn't direct? Probably it's the calling and not the man. Anyway, he gave an incredible talk which included several things we should be doing personally, but then he also gave us a challenge as a Stake to read the Book of Mormon in it's entirety by the next Stake Conference (February 5-6).
I have been given challenges like that many times in the 17+ years that I've been a member of this Church. Sometimes I've been successful and other times, not so much. But every other time I have taken on the challenge just for the sake of the challenge...because everyone else was doing it, because I wanted to make the challenger happy, because I didn't think it was an option not to take that kind of a challenge. There is never a BAD reason to read the Book of Mormon. And even if your intentions aren't exactly where they should be, just the very act of being IN the scriptures is beneficial. But this time, I wanted to really READ the scriptures...not just get to the end in the allotted period of time. So I found the Book of Mormon CDs and started listening to one a day (usually three days a week) sometime in the beginning of November. Each CD lasts about an hour and covers about 10 chapters.
As of this morning, I have 4 CDs left and one week until Stake Conference. I am thrilled to have (almost) accomplished the goal of reading the entire Book of Mormon, but I'm even more excited about my testimony that has increased because I've REALLY read it.
I just finished 3 Ne 6-16 today...the account of the Savior's visit to the Nephites. I can't imagine that anyone could read that and not believe more completely in the Savior and recognize his hand in all things. I am grateful for those faithful people who believed first, and then got to SEE and FEEL and KNOW that what they had believed in and hoped for was actually true. I know that Jesus Christ is the Savior and that through Him we have the opportunity to magnify our callings, live to our fullest potential, and receive indescribable joy.
I have never read the entire Book of Mormon in such a short time. I don't remember ever reading it with as much clarity and understanding. And I certainly don't remember ever having such a strong testimony about it's truthfulness.
"It is a reality known to every student of the scriptures that when we read the scriptures searchingly and prayerfully, we feel the presence of the Lord." (Dallin H. Oaks, "Studying the Scriptures" Nov. 24, 1985
"There is a power in the book which will begin to flow into your lives the moment you begin a serious study of the Book of Mormon. You will find greater power to resist temptation. You will find the power to avoid deception. You will find the power to stay on the strait and narrow path." (President Ezra Taft Benson, Nov 1986)
I am grateful for the time that I have during the day to devote to studying the scriptures. The blessings have been immense. My prayers are different. My perspective is different. My motivation is different.
I am grateful for the increased testimony that I have of the Savior and his teachings. And I'm especially grateful that we have a loving Heavenly Father who knows us.
"...for your Father in Heaven knoweth what things ye have need of before ye ask Him" (3 Ne 13:8)
I wrote this today because I know that the Book of Mormon is true. I don't know if I really knew that before this experience, but it is one of those things that is forever sealed now. Once again, I am grateful for the ability that we are given to change our minds and to change our hearts.


text:
BBB's tips for a smooth move
Moving into a new home or apartment can be exciting, but sometimes it can be problematic. According to Connecticut Better Business Bureau, some preparation and a few tips, can help you find a trustworthy moving company.
Aquarion continues statewide search for environmental champions
As the May 1 deadline for its seventh annual Environmental Champion Awards approaches, Aquarion is reminding schools, businesses, environmental organizations and the general public that nominations are still being accepted.
A visit to Magic Kingdom
For 5-year-old Jack, hospital visits were long and tiring. A few things got him through his tough days, and the Mickey Mouse Clubhouse was one of them.
Connecticut is third best state for children's health care
Connecticut ranks as 2017's third best state for children's health care, according to a report released today by the personal website WalletHub.


text:
Professor of Theater
40 Seeley Ave
Davis Robinson is founder and artistic director of Beau Jest Moving Theater, a company he formed to create movement-based theater pieces with a core ensemble of actors (www.beaujest.com). As director, co-writer, and frequent performer, shows include Samurai 7.0, Motion Sickness, Ubu Roi, The Cardiff Giant, War of the Worlds, and "Krazy Kat", winner of an Elliot Norton Award. Beau Jest also works with the more fantastic plays of Tennessee Williams, and has presented two world premieres of TW's at the Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival. Davis is a Professor of Theater at Bowdoin College in Maine, where he teaches ensemble devising, physical theater, directing, theater styles, and improvisation. He trained with Tony Montanaro and Jacques Lecoq, and has worked with a number of modern dancers. His love for text grew out of seven years of working with Kristin Linklater at Emerson College. He is a frequent director for the Theater at Monmouth in Maine. Music/theater collaborations include Don Dinicola's opera Ubu Roi and Laura Harrington/Roger Ames' Martin Guerre for the North Shore Music Theater/NOMTI festival. Davis directed the New England premiere of Epic Proportions at the Lyric Stage in Boston, and The Late George Apley for Emerson College. He is the author of The Physical Comedy Handbook, now in its ninth printing, and can be found every summer at the Celebration Barn Theater in Maine where he teaches workshops on Ensemble Devising and Comedy. His new book "A Practical Guide to Ensemble Devising" was published in 2015 by Palgrave Macmillan.
Body Language
Clowning and Circus
Commedia dell'Arte
Conditioning and Acrobatics
Devised Theatre
Improvisation/Theatre Games
Impulse Work
Movement for the Actor
Period Styles: Acting
Physical Characterization
Physical Theatre
Stage Combat
Stretching, Strength, and Relaxation
No posts by this member.
Association of Theatre Movement Educators
977 Seminole Trail • #228 • Charlottesville, VA • 22901-2824
© 2013 Ryan McNeil Design • Powered by Inovado


text:
The London Naturalist is published annually and sent free to members. Current issues can be purchased separately. A standing order facility for receiving The London Naturalist and The London Bird Report on publication with an invoice is available.
For details of availability and cost of current and back issues see "Buying back issues" in the menu below.
Full instructions to contributors are given inside the back cover of each journal. To enquire about submitting content for a future edition of a journal please email the editor: current details are given on the contact us page.
The LHNS ethical policy for photographs can be found here.


text:
|Page 28 of 39 | Total 1930 contacts in this category
|« Previous Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 .... 28 38 39 Next »
Raj Trading Co
We Introducs Ourseleves As An Industrial Suppliers Of All Industrial Hardware,tools,engg Items,electricals ,paints & All General Items SuppliersAddress: 103, shree Gurukrupa Chs, Nr.makhmalli Talao, thane (w), Thane, Maharashtra-400601, India Contact: Hussain
Tel: 9892839876
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rajashree Pest Control
Pest Control Services In MumbaiAddress: St/105, Adhyaru Society, Lower Parel, St/105, Adhyaru Society, Lower Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400001, India Contact: Jayesh (Manager)
Mobile: 2224911661
Tel: 02224911661
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rajat Kumar Lamba
Customs Clearing And Forwarding Agent Based In Delhi & Working For India's Most Prestigious Government Hospital "kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, Govt. Of India, New Delhi. We Provide Demurrage Free Customs Clearance.Address: Wz-283/15, West Block, Street No.2, Vishnu Garden, New Delhi, India, New Delhi, Delhi-110018, India Contact: Rajat Lamba (Proprietor)
Mobile: 9810493496
Tel: 09810493496
Website: Www.rkl.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rajesh Arya Wedding Photography
For The Best Wedding Photography Choose Rajesh Arya One Of The Best Wedding Photography Expert Who Has Years Of Experience In Photography. Spl In- Wedding Photography, Pre Wedding Function Photography, Photography Portfolio Etc. Call Now Or Write Us At [email protected]Address: A-1 Sector-4, Rohini, New Delhi, Delhi-110085, India Contact: Rajesh Arya (Owner)
Tel: 9350004321
Website: Http://rajesharya.com/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rajshree Paper Company
Rajshree Paper Company Is One Of The Leading Paper Cup Suppliers In South India. We Specialize In Making Paper Cups, Disposable Paper Cups, Eco Friendly Paper Cups, Paper Coffee Cups, Paper Cup Manufacturing At Affordable Prices.Address: No 19/3-c:co-operative Colony, 1st Street, Mettupalayam, Coimatore District Tamil Nadu, Mettupalayam, India-641301, India Contact: Pradheep Rajan K (Managing Partner)
Mobile: 9965799933
Tel: 04254224002
Fax: 04254224002
Website: Http://www.paper-cup.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Order Online Rakhi Delivery In Australia And Dedicate Your Warm Affection And Love Towards Your Brother. Send Rakhi To Australia From India And Make Your Sweet Brother Feel Special, Loved And Lucky.Address: 16 Marcus Clarke Street, Canberra Act 2601, Australia, Canberra, Canberra-2601, Australia Contact: Anisha Jha (Manager)
Tel: 1023456789
Website: Http://www.gifts-to-india.com/rakhi_australia.asp
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Send Online Rakhi To Usa And Dedicate Your Warm Affection And Love Towards Your Brother. Send Haldirams Mithai With Rakhi To Usa And Make Your Sweet Brother Feel Special, Loved And Lucky.Address: New York City, Usa, Post Code: 10002 , New York, New York-10002, United States Contact: Pankaj Khanna (Manager)
Tel: 1023456789
Website: Http://www.indiaflowersgifts.com/rakhi_usa_product.asp
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rama Agro & Food Products
Manufacturer Of Whole Wheat Atta, Maida,sooji,besanAddress: Mauzampur Road, Kiratpur, Uttar Pradesh-246731, India Contact: Anurag Goel (Managing Partner)
Mobile: 9837789450
Tel: 01341256811
Fax: 01341242250
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rama Wood Crafts Pvt Ltd
Rama Wood Crafts Delhi, India Based Company Offers Office Furniture, Modern & Modular Office Furniture, Executive Tables, Workstations, Director Desk, Office Cabinets, Conference & Reception Table At Best Price.Address: Bypass Road, Behind Sector - 9, Faridabad, Haryana-121006, India Contact: Ramawood Craft
Mobile: 9810138174
Tel: (129)-2220506
Website: Http://www.ramawood.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Ramson Integrated Coconut Processing Cocmpany
We Are Leading Buyers And Suplliers Of Coconut And Coconut Related Products In South Kerala Since 1975Address: Cherukunji, Chalod - Anjarakandy Road , Edayannur Post , Kannur, Kannur, Kerala-670595, India Contact: Ashwin Nelerichal (Managing Partner )
Mobile: 9895136322
Tel: 9895136322,9447394921,0490-2382402
Website: Www.ramsongroup.co.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Ras Developments Pvt. Ltd
We Are One Of The Youngest And Finest In Executing Real Estate Housing Projects. By Adapting Great Technologies And Various Means Of Development, We Are Stepping Up As A Team Of Brilliance In The Industry. With The Focused Vision, Unconditional Dedication And Rigorous Efforts We Are Fulfilling The Dreams Of Aspired People In The Real Estate.Address: 1745 , Cedar Park, Texas-78613, United States Contact: Samuel Lockjaw (Owner)
Tel: 011- 46525031
Website: Http://www.rasindia.net/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rasi Agencies
Our Company Is 4 Wheeler Automobiles Spares CompanyAddress: 195, anna Salai, thavittupalayam, Anthiyur, erode[dt], Erode, Tamilnadu-638501, India Contact: Ramakrishnan (Proprietor)
Mobile: 9865008569
Tel: 04256-261602
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rasnidhi Kumar & Bros.
We Deal In Ms Hr & Cr Sheets, Plates, Structural Steel, Rounds, Sqaures, Flats.Address: 34 Ware House Road, Indore, M.p.-452007, India Contact: Harsh Gupta
Tel: +91 731 247 51 22
Fax: +91 731 426 61 22
Website: Http://www.rasnidhi.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Ravindra Infraestate Pvt Ltd
Leading Real Estate Consultant, Serving Customers For More Than 2 DecadesAddress: H. No. 365, Sector 28, Faridabad, Haryana-121008, India Contact: Lalit Kumar (Director)
Mobile: 9873700438
Tel: 01292277943
Website: Http://www.RavindraGroup.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Ray It Solutions
Provids The Total It Security , Attendance System, Payroll For Small And Medium Scale Industries, Website Developemnt And Many MoreAddress: Pimpari Chinchwad Pune, Pune, Pune, Maharashtra-411029, India Contact: Yuvraj Gaundare (Director)
Mobile: 9975553377
Tel: 9975553377
Website: WWW.RAYITSOLUTIONS.CO.IN
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rbscientific Industries
Manufacturer Of All Types Of Micro Prepared Slides, Plain Slides , Color Silip,lab Models, Biological Specimens, Microscopes And Micro-tomes, Lab Beakers, Botany Material, Zoology Material, Laboratory Instrument,chemicals And All Related Scientific Goods.Address: 62, Bidha Nagar Bodla Road Shaghanj (agra), Agra, Up-28202, India Contact: Mr.yogesh Mishra (Managing Director)
Mobile: 9897260239,,
Tel: (0562)2275067
Fax: (0562)2275067
Website: Http://www.indiamart.com/rbscientific/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rctophobby. Co. Ltd
Esky Helicopters Http://www.rctophobby.com/rc-helicopters/shop-by-brand/esky.html Rctophobby.com Is A Professional Online Dealer Selling Radio Control Products Including Rc Helicopters, Rc Cars, Rc Airplanes, Rc Boats, Rc Tanks And Rc Accessories. We Have Radio Control Products Of World Top Brands.Address: Wall Street No.20, New York, New York, New York-101101, China Contact: Greice
Tel: 15219491195
Website: Http://www.rctophobby.com/rc-helicopters/shop-by-brand/esky.html
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Re-search Solutions
Finance And Real Estate Consultant Based In Mumbai. Also Doing Liasoning Work In Mp,cg,up And TnAddress: Bandra (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra-400050, India Contact: Balaji Padmanabhan (Founder And Ceo)
Mobile: 9766437751
Tel: 9766437751
Website: Www.research.vpweb.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Reaansa Worldwide Tourism Services
We Serve Our Clients For All Kinds Of Travel Related Services Like Air Tickets, Hotel Booking, Package Tours, Visas, Overseas Medical Insurances, Rail Reservations Etc. Both Domestic & International. Though We Are Specialized In Group Tours.Address: 612-b, 6th Floor, Jaina Tower- Ii, District Centre, Janak Puri., New Delhi, Delhi-110058, India Contact: Ranjit Singh (Sales & Operations)
Mobile: 9873723121
Tel: 0091 11 41048186/87
Fax: 0091 11 41048187
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Real Deals
Real Estate , Property ConsultantsAddress: F-6, Nahar Amrit Shakti, R-2 Sector, Chandivali Farm Road, Andheri East, Mumbai 400 072, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400072, India Contact: Pankaj Nagpal (Properitor)
Mobile: 8080808081
Tel: 28470353
Website: Www.estatebank.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Realize Recruitmentz
Realize Recruitmentz Is A Dynamic Recruiting Company Having Multi Faceted Clients In All Disciplines And Also The Candidates To Go Along With The Same. We Are Dedicated To Come Out With Innovative Ideas, Passion & Ability To Obtain Desired Results Through Effective Utilization Of Resources Available In The Field Of Hr. We Are Committed To Provide Accurate, Effective, Reliable And Transparent Services To All Our Clients & Candidates.Address: 160/95, luz Church Road, mylapore, 160/95, luz Church Road, mylapore, Chennai, Tamilnadu-600004, India Contact: Mohanraam Ak (Ceo)
Tel: 044-42699390
Website: Www.realizejobs.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rec Consultancy
We Are Dealing In The Domain Of Real Estate Investment & Property Management, Please Call At 0091 9824003012 Or [email protected] For Any Of Your Related Need.Address: Plot No:-253/1, Sector No:- 28, Navrachana Society, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382028, India Contact: Sandeep Jagtap (Director)
Mobile: 9824003012
Tel: 07932512148
Website: Www.realestateconsultant.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Recover File Mac
Recover Files For Mac Utility Allows Optimum Solution For Salvaging Missing And Erased Data From External Hard Disks Drive.Address: Street, State, Washington, Wa-20100, United States Contact: Recover Mac Recover Osx
Mobile: 9811111111
Tel: 001-981-111 X1111
Fax: 981-111-1111
Website: Http://www.recoverfilemac.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Reevolv Management Consulting
Lean Management, Lean Manufacturing, Planning, Kaizen, Kanban, 5s, Visual Management, Six Sigma, Business Modelling, Business Assessment, Business Structuring, Strategic Planning,Address: Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400053, India Contact: Kaustubh Kulkarni (Director)
Tel: +91-22-263422112
Website: Www.reevolvconsulting.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Reeyashu Quality Services India.
Services Offered By Rqs India. Assesing The Current Managment System. Developing And Documenting The Managment. Systems To Internationally Recognized Stantdards. Assisting In Internal Audit. Performing Pre-assesment Audits Prior To Certification. Provinding Maintainance Of The Managment System To Ensure Improvment And Retention Of The Certification.Address: A-04 Hightech Appartment Shalimar Garden, Delhi, Delhi-110053, India Contact: Avinash Sharma (Bdm)
Mobile: 9811436161
Tel: 9891885364
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rehlat.com Is Kuwait's Leading Online Travel Company And Also One Of The Fastest Growing Ota's In The Middle East.Address: Mezannine Floor, Al Bahar Center, Tunis Street Hawally , Shamiya Kuwait City, Kuwait, Kuwait-71651, Kuwait Contact: Rehlat (Seo)
Mobile: 965229566
Tel: 965 22956660
Fax: 965 22956660
Website: Https://www.rehlat.com/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Relemac Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Exporters & Manufactures Of Control Cable,instrumentation Wire, Fire Servival Cables,ht- Xlpe Cables, Power Cable, Lt-xlpe Cable, Electrical Wires,frls Pvc Wires & Cables, Switchboard And Telephone Cables,utp Cables,telecommunication, Submersible Pump Cable,fiber Optical Cables Etc.Address: 1449/27, 30 Feet Road, Durga Puri, Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi-110093, India Contact: Vivek Gupta (Managing Director)
Mobile: 9311269900
Tel: 65299800,65299900
Fax: 989914286
Website: Http://www.relemaccables.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Reliable Engineers [regd. ]
We Are Manufacturing Mixie Blades And Shafts Since 1987Address: 5-b/7, vishnu Garden Ext.-5, New Delhi, Delhi-110018, India Contact: Rajesh Bajaj (Proprietor)
Mobile: 0931223829
Tel: 01128333996
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Reliable Sponge Pvt Ltd
We Are One Of The Largest Producers Of Structural Steels,tmt,galvanizing In Odisha. Our Plant Is An Automated & Producing Is: 2062:2011. Steel Authority Of India Ltd (sail) Has Appointed As An Authorized Conversion Agent For Tmt Bars & Structural Steels At Rourkela In Dist Sundargarh, Odisha. Our Unit Is Approved By Eil, Military Engineering, Hal, Hsl, Bhel, Core, Nalco, Ntpc, Pgcil, Mcl, L&t, Ppl, Iot, & Many More.Address: Dua Complex, Panposh Road, Rourkela, Odisha-769004, India Contact: Somnath Sharma (Marketing Manager)
Mobile: 9437965857
Tel: 0661 2400234
Website: Http://www.reliableindia.co.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Reliance Life Insurance Co. Ltd.
The Company Deals In Unique Investment Plans And, Health Insurance. Reliance Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Requires Insurance Advisors For Its Channel Development Associate Based At Delhi / Ncr For Selling Its Insurance & Investment Plans.Address: Sd-93, Shastri Nagar, Hapur Road, Opposite Cbi Academy, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India Contact: Sunil Jain (Channel Development Associate)
Mobile: 9313324152
Tel: 01204115010
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Reliance Wimax
Reliance Wimax BroadbandAddress: Somajiguda, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-500082, India Contact: Nagaraju Panguluru (Asm)
Mobile: 9393959578
Tel: 919014172525
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Religo Solar
Religo Solar System Started In Order To Meet The Scarcity Of Electricity In Tamil Nadu And Increasing Power Rates. We Offer Wide Range Of Solar Products Like Solar Home Lighting Systems, Solar Roof-top Systems, Solar Power Packages For Home & Schools, Solar Power Plants For Colleges, Hospitals, Small Scale Industries And Commercials Buildings & Shops.Address: No: 14/108a, Poothapedu Main Road, Ramapuram, No: 14/108a, Poothapedu Main Road, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600089, India Contact: Mohammed Yousuf (Director)
Mobile: 7299100353
Tel: 044 2476 3186
Website: Www.religosolar.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Renown Advertising Pvt. Ltd.
Rural AdvertisingAddress: 210-a, Ashiana Galaxy, Exhibition Road, Patna, Patna, Bihar-800001, India Contact: Ved Prakash Sinha (Director)
Mobile: 0933485161
Tel: 09304035688
Website: Www.renowngroup.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rent A Computer
We Are No 1 Computer Rental Company In North India Providing Computers On RentalAddress: Iind Floor Homa Wazir Chambers , 34 Lalbagh Road Hazratganj, Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226001, India Contact: Ajay Dixit (Ceo)
Mobile: 9415020650
Tel: 05223919381
Fax: 05222615196
Website: Www.rentacomputerlucknow.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Repair India
Repair India Is Delhi Ncr's Leading Multi-brand Home Appliance Repair & Service Provider Company. We Offer Fast, Secure & Reliable Home Appliance Repairing, Installation And Maintenance Services At Direct Customers Doorstep All Over Areas Of Delhi-ncr. Get Fixed Price Services On Ac, Tv, Lcd, Led, Washing Machine, Refrigerator, Microwave Oven, And All Appliance Repair Services In Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Ghaziabad & Faridabad. We Service And Repair All Major Brands Appliances. Call 1800.1800.280.Address: S/n 006, Saket Commercial Complex, New Railway Road, Gurgaon, Haryana-122001, India Contact: Mr. Deepak (Manager)
Mobile: 9212322322
Tel: 01242333333
Fax: 01242333333
Website: Http://www.repairindia.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Research Testing & Calibration Laboratory , [ Rtc Lab }
Testing Of Lead , Testing Of Cadmium , Lead & Cadmium Leaching Testing , Lfgb Testing , Rohs Testing , Leaching Test As Per Fda , Lead & Cadmium Leaching Test As Per California Prop . 65 , Reach Testing , Handicrafts Certification , Silver Coating Testing , Nickel Coating Testing , Copper Coating Testing , Gold Coating Testing , Salt Spray Testing , Humidity Resistence Testing , Metallic Composition Testing ,Address: Mhsc , Under Development Commissioner ( Handicrafts ) , Ministry Of Textiles , Govt. Of India , Peetal Nagri, Rampur Road , Moradabad , U.p.-244001, India Contact: Dr. Ravindra Kumar Sharma (Head Of Laboratory)
Mobile: 9412530224
Tel: 0591 6532354
Fax: 0591 2460131
Website: Www.handicrafts.nic.in/mhsc/mhschtm
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Restolex Coir Products Pvt Ltd
Buy Memory Foam Mattress Online: A Wide Range Of Luxury Latex, Spring, Coir & Foam Mattresses At Affordable Prices In Bangalore, Chennai & Hyderabad Http://restolex.comAddress: 9/1, Ashokapuram, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, Karnataka-560022, India Contact: Restolex Blr (Sales Manager)
Mobile: 9686728024
Tel: 9686728024
Website: Http://restolex.com/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Retouching Visuals
Photo Retouching Company Offer Professional Photo Retouching Service, Image Editing Service, Image Enhancement, Images Silo, Low Cost Image Masking Service Usa.Address: Lighthouse Point, Fl, Florida, Florida-33064, United States Contact: Retouching Visuals (Owner)
Tel: 9654548666
Website: Http://www.retouchingvisuals.com/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Revive Adserver Mod
Our Primary Revive Adserver Plugins Are Mobile Ad Plugins, Video Ad Plugins, Display Ad Plugins. We Also Provide Specialized Plugins For Targeting, Reporting And Iab Ad Formats.Address: Level 9 Raheja Towers, 26 Mg Road, Bangalore, Karnataka-560001, India Contact: Ramkumar (Ceo)
Mobile: 9600456681
Tel: 9600456681
Website: Http://www.reviveadservermod.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rhs Engineering Services
Cad/cam/cae Services And Solutions 3d Modeling, Fea, Cnc ProgrammingAddress: 20c Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata, West Bengal-700017, India Contact: Niloy Guha (Ceo)
Tel: +91-33-65291294
Website: Www.rhs-services.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Ria Decors Pvt. Ltd.
Interior Decoration, Architectural Design And Implementation, Residential Interiors, Office Interiors, Corporate Interiors, Modular Kitchen, Wardrobes, Study Tables, Pooja Units, Crockery Units, Shoe Racks, Book Shelves, False Ceiling, Wallpapers, Curtains, Blinds, Wooden Flooring And Carpet Flooring, Wall Panelling, Glass Partitions, Etc.Address: No.381/a, 2oo Feet Radial Road, Pallikaranai, Near Dr.kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Opp. To Lanson Toyota Showroom, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600100, India Contact: Nivash Dhinakaran (Managing Director)
Mobile: 9551139019
Tel: 044-65859019
Website: Http://www.riainteriors.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Riasys Technology
Design And Develop Internet Sites And Rich Internet Applications . Also Undertake Turnkey Internet Site Projects.Address: S-11, 2nd Floor, shatabdi Tower, sakchi, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand-831001, India Contact: Santokh Singh Saggu (Founder & Ceo)
Mobile: 9304631440
Tel: 06576456260,6453187
Website: Www.riasys.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rick Dawson D. D. S. Llc
Rick Dawson D.d.s. Is The Premier Dentist In The Salisbury Maryland Area. If You Are Looking For Routine Dental Work Or A Cosmetic Dentist, Contact Dr. Dawson Today.Address: 551 Riverside Drive, Salisbury, Md-21801, United States Contact: Dr. Rick Dawson (Business Owner)
Tel: (410) 202-0882
Website: Http://mysalisburydentist.com/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Right Shopping Pvt. Ltd.
Rightshopping.in Is An India Based Online Shopping Company. It Offers Free Home Delivery Anywhere In India, Cash On Delivery (cod - Pay Cash At Your Door), 15 Days Replacement Guarantee, Products At Genuine Discounted Prices, 24x7 Customer Support, 100% Safe Payment Gateway, Quick Shipping, Personal Data Safety Guarantee, Weekly Super Deals, Gifts And Flowers Delivery Indiawide And Worldwide Etc.Address: P76 Lake Road, Kolkata, West Bengal-700029, India Contact: Tanmoy Sarkar (Manager)
Tel: +91 (033) 44067777
Website: Http://www.rightshopping.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Right Shopping Pvt. Ltd.
Rightshopping.in Is An India Based Online Shopping Company. It Offers Free Shipping In India, 30 Days Replacement Guarantee, 24x7 Customer Support, 100% Safe Payment Gateway, Gifts And Flowers Delivery Indiawide And Worldwide Etc.Address: P76 Lake Road, Kolkata, West Bengal-700029, India Contact: Tanmoy Sarkar (Manager - Business Promotion)
Tel: +91 (033) 44067777
Fax: +91 (033) 24654140
Website: Http://www.rightshopping.in
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Riken Instrumentation Limited
Riken Offers A Range In Insulation Testers Suitable For Ehv, Hv & Lv Applications And Highly Effective In Accurate Measurements In Highly Inductive Fields. The Range Includes Models In 15kv, 10kv, 5kv, 2.5kv Versions. Other Test Instruments In Range Comprise Earth Testers, Oil Test Sets, Relay Test Sets Etc. Riken Offers Range In Energy Meters To Include Abt Meters, Ht Trivector Meters, Lt Ct Operated Energy Meters And Lt Whole Current Meters For 3 Phase System, And Single Phase Whole Current And Dt Meters. These Are Interfaced With Various Communication Systems To Offer Complete Solution In Automatic Meter Reading. The Tariff Meters Are Bis Marked And Approved By Electricity Utilities.Address: Plot Number 369, Phase Ii, Industrial Area, Panchkula, Haryana-134109, India Contact: Sharad Sharma (Sales & Marketing Engineer)
Mobile: 9650574245
Tel: 0172 2591651
Fax: 0172 2591124
Website: Www.rikeninstrumentation.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rikhi Dry Fruit & Karyana Store
The Complete Departmental Store Confectonary, Grocery, Cosmetic, Gift Items, Etc.Address: Dandi Swami Chowk, Civil Lines, Ludhiana, Punjab-141001, India Contact: Jitesh Gupta (Partner)
Mobile: 9815843331
Tel: 01614411568
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Find List Of Top Packers And Movers In India With Their Reviews, Rates, Address For Household Shifting, Local Shifting, Office Shifting Services In India At Findmovers.in.Address: Findmovers, 102, 1st Floor, Pal Towers, Mehrauli Gurgaon Road, Sikanderpur, Sector 26, Sikanderpur Ghosi, Haryana 122002, India , Gurgaon, Haryana-122002, India Contact: Mukesh Singh (Owner)
Tel: 810944599
Website: Http://www.findmovers.in/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rims - Findmovers. In
Findmovers.in Is An Online Portal For Proving A Huge List Of Packers And Movers In India Who Involved In Providing Following Services Like Home Shifting, Office Relocation, Local Moving Services, International Relocation Services, Door To Door Transportation Services, Furniture Shifting Services Etc. Also Provide Moving Guide And Tip To Anyone Who Planning To Shift From Current Location To Other Location.Address: Findmovers, 102, 1st Floor, Pal Towers, Mehrauli Gurgaon Road, Sikanderpur, Sector 26, Sikanderpur Ghosi, , Gurgaon, Haryana-122002, India Contact: Jitendra Kumar (Marketing Consultants)
Tel: +91-0124-4245046
Website: Http://wwww.findmovers.in/
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Rise India Cargo Service
We Are A Free Lancer Of Regarding Custom Clearance,forwarding Also Handling Central Excise..Address: T-1 3rd Floor Manish Twin Plaza , plot No.02, sec-4 Dwarka, New Delhi-110075, New Delhi, New Delhi-110075, India Contact: Mr Kaushal Tiwari (Manager (proprietor))
Mobile: 9311955888
Tel: 09311955888
Website: Riseindiacargo.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
|Page 28 of 39 | Total 1930 contacts in this category
|« Previous Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 .... 28 38 39 Next »
Disclaimer: The information displayed here are from databases and or are provided by the contact person / companies themselves. NPCS takes no responsibility to the authentication and verification of this information.
About NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) is a reliable name in the industrial world for offering integrated technical consultancy services. NPCS is manned by engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts, economic analysts and design specialists with extensive experience in the related industries.
Our various services are: Detailed Project Report, Business Plan for Manufacturing Plant, Start-up Ideas, Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs, Start up Business Opportunities, entrepreneurship projects, Successful Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, project report, Cost and Revenue, Pre-feasibility study for Profitable Manufacturing Business, Project Identification, Project Feasibility and Market Study, Identification of Profitable Industrial Project Opportunities, Business Opportunities, Investment Opportunities for Most Profitable Business in India, Manufacturing Business Ideas, Preparation of Project Profile, Pre-Investment and Pre-Feasibility Study, Market Research Study, Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Report, Identification and Section of Plant, Process, Equipment, General Guidance, Startup Help, Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial project and Most Profitable Small Scale Business.
NPCS also publishes varies process technology, technical, reference, self employment and startup books, directory, business and industry database, bankable detailed project report, market research report on various industries, small scale industry and profit making business. Besides being used by manufacturers, industrialists and entrepreneurs, our publications are also used by professionals including project engineers, information services bureau, consultants and project consultancy firms as one of the input in their research.
Products & Services
Contact Us
My Account
Payment Options
We Process


text:
Reference Number. 128276
Add Your Listing »
Add Your Listing »
Fleet Travel SolutionsPo box 3535, Barnet
En5 9nd
Tel: 08000328970
Web: Upgraded Listings Only
See Upgrade Options »
Fleet Travel Solutions provides first class transportation services from all UK airports, seaports or cruise terminals to any destination in the UK at competitive rates. Our reputation is built on our commitment to deliver a quality service, by providing clients with a safe, comfortable and reliable transfer 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year . The company offers a range of Saloon, Estate and MPV minicabs and maintains regular and rigorous check of all its cars and drivers. Our drivers are very professional and courteous and will go out of their way to make your journey a safe and comfortable experience.
Taxis Barnet, Taxis Hertfordshire
Information provided by: UK Small Business Directory
Reference Number. 128276
Website: Displayed on Upgraded Listings Only
Click here to see upgrade options »
Reference Number. 128276
Website: Displayed on Upgraded Listings Only
Click here to see upgrade options »
To add your free business listings see our Free Advertising page.
Fleet Travel Solutions are listed in; UK Small Business Directory : Taxis Directory : Taxis in Hertfordshire : Taxis in Barnet : Hertfordshire Business Directory : Barnet Business Directory : Taxis Listings : Services; Taxis Barnet, Taxis Hertfordshire, Taxi, Airport transfer, Airport, Cruiseport, Transfer,
Search for Taxis by Town - search for Taxis by County
Search for Taxis by Town - search for Taxis by County


text:
|Reviews for Starfox:Color of the Echoes
| bryan mccloud chapter 3 . 3/24/2014
i believe alpha team 1 will more or less return the favor when X save them from fatal injuries.
| Elarix chapter 2 . 1/18/2014
If X was smart, or had his complete wits about him, he would have asked for a tid-bit of information about his past, as proof that his employers actually knew who he was. Grammar and spelling have improved a lot since last chapter, only one or two mistakes. Nice job!
| FromAnotherWorld chapter 2 . 1/16/2014
Well, that's pretty an interesting story so far. Of course I don't know what you've planed for the next chapters but it could be going to be a really good story. Well, I'll just have to wait and see. At least it's one of few stories that didn't start with any cannon characters and was yet interesting enough for me to read.
There was, however, one thing that was distracting me a little at times, namely your overuse of 'then'.
For example somewhere in the first half of the first chapter you wrote:
'The arm then laid the wolf's body on his back by tilting the table. The men then all walked to their stations and began punching in codes and complex commands into their machines in which each stood by. Minutes passed by, then a loud hiss originated from the mechanical arm.'
Those are simply too many 'then' and the sentences I quoted above are by far not the only example I could have given. The problem with 'then' is that it tends to deprive a story of vividness making it seem more like a plain list of actions and events. Furthermore it's often just unnecessary as your sentence would mean the same but sound better if you removed that one word.
Apart from this one issue I think your writing is pretty fine though. There were a few typos or misspelled words here and there but not an awful lot (yet not little either). For example you twice wrote 'where' instead of 'were' in the first chapter:
'Entering the room where a team of white lab coat donning men'
'Metal bands that where fused to the table that held his arms to his side.'
Both those 'where' should actually be 'were' and in the second sentence there also is one 'that' too much as it's not a correct sentence with both of them.
Also, your second chapter was probably a bit too short. Personally I think updating once a month with longer chapters might be better than every other week with very short chapters.
| bryan mccloud chapter 2 . 1/16/2014
well, if you going to add the star fox team in the story, i would suggest the next generation of star fox...lol.
lets say, marcus leads a new star fox team to protect corneria...lol.
nice chapter man.
| bryan mccloud chapter 1 . 1/9/2014
you know, your summary is somehow similar to another story man.
the title of that story is "starfox: revenge" written by Rogue101.
| Elarix chapter 1 . 1/8/2014
The first thing I noticed was the spelling and grammar. There are several mistakes here and there, one of the most humorous ones being "held" misspelled as "hell." Proof read it a few more times, and watch out for simple mistakes like that, they start to add up after a while, and take away from the story.
Second, most sentences seem to be short and lack-luster; they need to be longer, with more descriptive words and details, and less repeated words. For example, X is called creature way to many times in the story. In fact, that's the only thing he's called. Try calling him "specimen," "subject," "arctic fox," and "X" instead of "creature."
Really, the thing that will help you out the most is reading more fanfiction around here. After a few months you will see how other people write and what they expect to see in a good story.
Ahem, back to the story, it sounds pretty interesting. You've made a cool relationship already between X and the cat scientist, who feels for him. This is something that you should develop more and continue throughout the story, and not just forget about. Overall, it really reminds me of Frankenstein.


text:
Tuesday November 29th, 2016
John 1:29 KJV
"The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away THE SIN of the world"
Jesus did not come to judge the world, He came to save the world. "From what?" one may ask. HE CAME TO SAVE THEM FROM SIN!
Notice in the verse above that John did not mention "sin" in a pluralized form. He said that Jesus was the Lamb of God that takes away "THE SIN" of the World.
In most parts of the New Testament, the word "Sin" is a noun employed in the description of the fallen nature of Man. When "Sins"( pluralized form), is mentioned, it is a verb that relates with the wrong actions of Man.
Foundationally, Jesus did not come to correct conduct, He came to remove the SIN nature of Man by dying as a Man and for Man. The whole spiritual twist and turns of the Divine plan for millennia past was to introduce Divinity into humanity legally, so that humanity can also lawfully become a partaker of the Divinity.
Hebrews 2:9, 14 KJV
"BUT WE SEE JESUS, who was made a little lower than the angels (to enable Him experience death) ,.... that he by the grace of God should taste death for Every MAN". (Emphasis Mine)
Adam's sin introduce the destroying force called Death. The effect of Adam's disobedience was more far reaching than most people imagine. The nature of God that Adam received at creation died the moment he sinned and a new nature came into him - SIN. It is the nature of Satan and its offspring is called Death.
The nature of God that Adam lost was spiritual life and what he inherited from Satan was spiritual death. Since the time of Adam to Moses (The Law), death continued to reign over Men as a reaction to the Sin nature in them.
Romans 5:14 KJV
"Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses…"
Death became the "salary" received by Man for Sin.
Romans 6:23 KJV
"For the wages of SIN is DEATH.."
Notice that death was not killing people because of their Sins (conduct), even people who did not sin directly like Adam were also dying.
This therefore is beyond the matter of conduct. Death merely manifested itself as an inevitable physical end because by virtue of the SIN (Nature), Man was already dead spiritually.
What Man needed was a brand New Life or Nature. Man needed to be born out of spiritual death in Adam on to spiritual life IN Christ.
That's what Jesus referred to while speaking to Nicodemus.
John 3:6-7 KJV
That which is BORN of the FLESH (Human) is flesh; and that which is BORN of the SPIRIT is spirit. [7] Marvel not that I said unto thee, YE must be BORN AGAIN.
2 Corinthians 5:17 KJV
Therefore if any man be IN CHRIST, he is a New CREATION: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.
May you be truly blessed.
Pastor Ken


text:
Watch Mukhtiar Chadha (2015) Full Punjabi Movie Online Free Full Length Film
Watch Movie Mukhtiar Chadha (2015) Online, Full Length Punjabi Movie Online Free on Movies24free.org
Watch Movie Mukhtiar Chadha (2015) Online Absolutely Free, Full Punjabi Movie in HD 720 Quality, Full Movie Details:
- Movie title: Mukhtiar Chadha (2015)
- Directed by: Diljit Dosanjh
- Starring by: Diljit Dosanjh, Oshin Sai, Kiran Juneja, ...
- Genres: Comedy
- Country: India
- Time: 120 min.
Mukhtiar Chadha Release Date: 27.11.2015
Watch online Punjabi movies absolutely free in hd 720/1080 quality. We present for all audience only full HD Punjabi movies online, watch full Punjabi movie Mukhtiar Chadha on our site movies24free.org, download other Punjabi movies in high quality (HD 720/1080) with eng subs and with professional sound. Movies in HD 1080p you can watch in different videoplayers: Vodlocker, TheVideo, Vidbull, Putlocker, Nowvideo, Letwatch, Vidzi, Filehoot etc., all movies in HD you can download free, we replace Punjabi movies in bad quality only on HD 720p/1080p over time, don't forget to watch updatings of our site. Watch online full length Punjabi movie Mukhtiar Chadha free in DVD quality or you can watch other movies Full HD online, popular TV Series, cartoons for children and new movies 2015 online in HD quality free
- Speedplay
- Youlol
- Watchvideo
- Vid
- Letwatch
1. The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
2. The Godfather (1972)
3. The Godfather: Part II (1974)
4. The Dark Knight (2008)
5. Pulp Fiction (1994)
6. 12 Angry Men (1957)
7. Schindler's List (1993)
8. Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo (1966)
9. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
10. Fight Club (1999)


text:
Exploring diurnal variation using piecewise linear splines: an example using blood pressure
DOI: 10.1186/s12982-017-0055-5
© The Author(s) 2017
Received: 9 June 2016
Accepted: 20 January 2017
Published: 2 February 2017
There are many examples of physiological processes that follow a circadian cycle and researchers are interested in alternative methods to illustrate and quantify this diurnal variation. Circadian blood pressure (BP) deserves additional attention given uncertainty relating to the prognostic significance of BP variability in relation to cardiovascular disease. However, the majority of studies exploring variability in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) collapse the data into single readings ignoring the temporal nature of the data. Advanced statistical techniques are required to explore complete variation over 24 h.
We use piecewise linear splines in a mixed-effects model with a constraint to ensure periodicity as a novel application for modelling daily blood pressure. Data from the Mitchelstown Study, a cross-sectional study of Irish adults aged 47–73 years (n = 2047) was utilized. A subsample (1207) underwent 24-h ABPM. We compared patterns between those with and without evidence of subclinical target organ damage (microalbuminuria).
We were able to quantify the steepest rise and fall in SBP, which occurred just after waking (2.23 mmHg/30 min) and immediately after falling asleep (−1.93 mmHg/30 min) respectively. The variation about an individual's trajectory over 24 h was 12.3 mmHg (standard deviation). On average those with microalbuminuria were found to have significantly higher SBP (7.6 mmHg, 95% CI 5.0–10.1) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Including an interaction term between each linear spline and microalbuminuria did not improve model fit.
We have introduced a practical method for the analysis of ABPM where we can determine the rate of increase or decrease for different periods of the day. This may be particularly useful in examining chronotherapy effects of antihypertensive medication. It offers new measures of short-term BP variability as we can quantify the variation about an individual's trajectory but also allows examination of the variation in slopes between individuals (random-effects).
KeywordsCircadian modeling Mixed-effects models Biostatistics Blood pressure variability Blood pressure patterns
There are many examples of physiological processes that follow a circadian cycle such as cortisol, intraocular pressure and body temperature where abnormalities in these patterns have been shown to be related to depression [1], glaucoma [2] and delayed sleep-phase disorder [3]. The ability to analyse and capture features of these cycles remains a challenge but is necessary to get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind them. For example, the cardiovascular system shows clear circadian rhythmicity where researchers are interested in alternative methods to illustrate and quantify this diurnal variation [4]. Circadian blood pressure (BP) represents a situation where diurnal variation deserves additional attention given the uncertainty relating to the prognostic significance of BP variability (BPV) [5–8]. The benefits of using ambulatory blood pressure monitors (ABPM) in addition to clinic measurements in the diagnosis and management of hypertension are well established [9, 10]. As well as mean day, night and dip values, ABPM provides measures of short-term BPV and individual profile patterns. The majority of studies examining short-term BPV have focused on summary measures such as the standard deviation (SD) of ABPM readings over the day. These summary measures are easily obtained without the need for advanced statistical techniques [5–8, 11, 12] but ignore the temporal nature of the data. To date relatively little work has modelled 24 h ABPM profiles to exploit the full potential of ABPM data to capture short-term BPV [13]. Moreover, there are a lack of studies exploring circadian patterns and specifically, studies examining differences in patterns among different groups of individuals.
Cosinor analysis which incorporates a sinusoidal function has been the most common approach to modelling 24 h blood pressure (BP) [14–17], while a similar method, Fourier analysis [18, 19], has also been implemented. These approaches have focused on between-group effects (fixed-effects) where typically inferences are based on estimated differences in model parameters between particular groups of patients, such as comparing the estimated amplitude or midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) between groups of individuals on different antihypertensive agents obtained in cosinor analysis [16]. The focus of fixed-effects is on population trajectories. However one of the main advantages of ABPM is that we obtain individual BP profiles and modelling subject-specific trajectories involves incorporating subject-specific effects (random-effects). To model mean profiles Selwyn and Difranco [20] used a hierarchical model incorporating a 4th degree polynomial. Lambert et al. extended on this by incorporating restricted cubic splines to model the mean BP profiles [13]. More recently, Edwards and Simpson [21] utilised orthonormal polynomials in a linear mixed model in a group of hypertensive subjects. Both polynomials and cubic splines, by their nature, have the ability to produce well-fitting curves to the data but have the disadvantage that the corresponding coefficients are challenging to interpret directly.
As an alternative we propose using piecewise linear splines in a mixed-effects model as a different approach for modelling ABPM data. Although linear splines have been used to model BP change over years and gestational age [22], using them to explore daily patterns of BP represents a novel method for analysing ABPM. This approach has the advantage that coefficients represent something meaningful, in this case the slope of BP at different periods of the day. To date it is unclear if different underlying circadian BP patterns exist across various groups of the population. This method allows slopes at a group level (and individual level) to be easily compared. Furthermore, using random-effects we want to predict and plot curves at an individual level and to explore BPV within each period of the day. Thus the aim of this study is twofold (1) to introduce and describe a mixed-effects piecewise linear model in relation to BP; (2) to apply our method to a middle-aged population sample and explore their circadian BP patterns. We also introduce and present a constraint for our model that ensures periodicity, so that on the average BP is the same 24 h later. We are particularly interested in identifying distinct differences in the shape of mean curves at a group level. For purposes of illustration of the models at a group level, we will compare those with and without evidence of subclinical target organ damage (TOD), specifically microalbuminuria.
Study population
The analysis utilises data from the Mitchelstown Study, a cross sectional study of middle-aged men and women, recruited in Ireland 2010–2011. A description of the study design is available from previous publications [23, 24]. The study recruited patients attending a single large primary care centre, the LivingHealth Clinic, in Mitchelstown. Participants completed a detailed health and lifestyle survey questionnaire, and attended for a physical examination including height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood samples and urine samples. ABPM was offered to all participants. All participants provided written informed consent and ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals.
Blood pressure measurements
Study BP was measured three times after 5 min of rest in a seated position by experienced research nurses using an OMRON M7 blood pressure monitor (OMRON Healthcare, The Netherlands). The average of the second and third measurements was used for analyses. Ambulatory BP was measured using dabl ABPM system (dabl ltd., Ireland) with the Meditech ABOM-05 Monitor (Meditech LTD., Hungary). The monitors were programmed to obtain readings every 30 min and remained in place for 24-h. Participants kept diaries of wake and sleep periods, which were used to calculate sleep and waking times. Only participants with a minimum of 20 measurements during the day and a minimum of 7 measurements during the night period were included in the analysis. Additionally, any participants with data lacking for more than two consecutive hourly intervals were excluded [25].
Target organ damage
Each participant provided an early-morning spot urine sample on the day of their appointment. Laboratory analyses included analysis for albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR). Microalbuminuria is defined as ACR ≥1.1 mg mmol−1 [26].
Statistical analysis
Linear mixed model: linear splines
The linear mixed model [27, 28] is a well-recognised tool in the analysis of longitudinal data and its ability to obtain both population (fixed-effects) and subject-specific (random-effects) trajectories makes it particularly appealing for the analysis of ABPM data. However, its use to-date has focused on BP following a smooth curvature trajectory which results in spline and polynomial coefficients that are of no direct clinical relevance. Piecewise linear functions or linear splines offer an alternative. These involve segregating the data into different segments across time initially assuming the segments are the same for everyone. Within each partition, a linear spline is fitted and where these are connected are known as knot points. The corresponding coefficient of each spline represents the rate of increase or decrease of BP during each time period.
Knot selection
To explore a group effect the model can easily incorporate a variable of interest, in this case TOD (microalbuminuria), as a dichotomous covariate. We further extended the model allowing the shape of the trajectory to depend on TOD by including interactions between TOD and each linear spline slope. Comparing this model with one without any interactions allowed us to test if the overall trajectory of BP was different between the two groups across the day. Additionally we were able to test if slopes between the groups differed at specific locations throughout the day. We adjusted for confounders by adding them into the model as fixed effects. In additional models we tested the effect of allowing the residual variance to differ between those with and without microalbuminuria. Similarly we tested the impact of allowing the interaction terms of microalbuminuria with each linear spline to be random to determine if there was heterogeneity of variance between the groups at any period of the day. Although we used an unstructured covariance structure for our models, we assumed these interaction terms to be independent of the other random-effects parameters. These interactions represented the difference in variation between the microalbuminuria groups within each segment. For all models explored we allowed all the linear spline terms to be random.
As individual ABPM readings taken close in time are likely to be correlated, a model with an independent residual correlation structure may not be appropriate. We compared this to a model with a first-order autoregressive AR(1) structure and examined a plot of the auto-correlation function (ACF) to detect violations of the assumption of independence. Allowing for temporal correlation can potentially result in a large improvement in the precision of parameter estimates [30].
Models were compared formally by a likelihood ratio test (LRT) [28, 31]. The appropriate variance and residual function structures were also identified using a LRT in addition with an ACF plot. R-squared (R 2) statistic is often presented as a summary measure for linear models but due to theoretical or practical problems is rarely presented for mixed-models. Nakagawa and Schielzeth discuss these issues and present a general but simple method for calculating an appropriate R 2 for random intercept mixed-models [32]. Johnson extended this to include random slope models which we implement in our analysis [33].
The parameters for our final models were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML) as this method produces unbiased estimates unlike maximum likelihood (ML) estimation [30]. Subject-specific trajectories were estimated using Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (EBLUPs) of the random-effects [28]. Residual diagnostic plots were examined to verify model assumptions including normality of both random-effects and residual errors and that the error terms had constant variance. In addition a visual predictive check (VPC) was performed in which the estimated mean and the 90% prediction interval from our model were plotted together with the observed BP values and the 90% interquantile range of the observations. The purpose of the VPC is to assess graphically if predictions from the fitted model reproduce the central trend and variability of BP in the observed data, when plotted against time. It is an internal validation method that assesses the goodness-of-fit [34]. All analysis was completed for both SBP and DBP. All analysis were implemented in R [35] and parameter estimation for the mixed-effect model was carried out by means of the lme command in nlme package [36]. Sample R code is provided to ensure reproducibility and improve dissemination of methods (see Additional file 1).
Although difficult to interpret the coefficients, polynomial regression can still be a useful tool in the analysis of medical data to plot the trajectory of non-linear or curvilinear relationships [37]. As a method of validation for our approach we additionally implemented a linear mixed model with orthogonal polynomials across time in both the fixed and random effects, similar to that of Edwards and Simpson [21]. We wanted to determine if linear splines were capable of capturing the circadian rhythm of BP. This was investigated by comparing the trajectories obtained from both methods to determine if they followed similar patterns. A similar process to that of the piecewise model was followed when fitting the polynomial model. As we were only concerned to know if the general shape could be captured by our piecewise approach we were not worried about over-fitting the polynomial model. We implemented a model up to a 6th order polynomial allowing all the terms to be random.
Baseline characteristics
Total (n = 2047)
ABPM (sub-sample)
Total (n = 886)
Age, years
59.8 (5.5)
59.9 (5.5)
Gender, male n (%)
1008 (49.2)
401 (45.3)
BMI, n (%)
Underweight/normal (<25 kg/m2)
447 (21.9)
195 (22.0)
Overweight (25–30 kg/m2)
925 (45.3)
380 (42.9)
Obese (≥30 kg/m2)
668 (32.8)
310 (35.0)
Office SBP, mmHg
129.6 (16.9)
134.7 (17.7)
Office DBP, mmHg
80.1 (9.8)
83.1 (10.2)
Hypertension, n (%)
951 (46.5)
528 (59.7)
215 (10.6)
62 (7.0)
Various models with parameter estimates for slopes at each segment along with corresponding correlations and variances
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Fixed effects
Estimate (SE)
Estimate (SE)
Estimate (SE)
BP at 12.00
134 (0.54)
119.2 (4.6)
119.3 (4.6)
7.57 (1.30)*
5.79 (1.67)*
Slope for spline time period
1. 12.00–18.00
0.02 (0.04)
0.03 (0.04)
0.03 (0.04)
2. 18.00–sleep
−1.00 (0.04)*
−1.00 (0.04)*
−1.01 (0.04)*
3. Sleep–04.00
−1.93 (0.05)*
−1.95 (0.06)*
−1.99 (0.06)*
4. 04.00–wake
1.69 (0.05)*
1.70 (0.05)*
1.71 (0.05)*
5. Wake–12.00
2.23 (0.07)*
2.21 (0.07)*
2.26 (0.07)*
Microalbuminuria × spline interaction
1. 12.00–18.00
−0.06 (0.14)
2. 18.00–sleep
0.05 (0.13)
3. Sleep–04.00
0.37 (0.18)**
4. 04.00–wake
−0.06 (0.16)
5. Wake–12.00
−0.48 (0.22)**
Random effects
−0.23 0.51
−0.23 0.50
−0.24 0.51
−0.23 −0.10 0.55
−0.25 −0.10 0.54
−0.25 −0.11 0.55
−0.23 −0.45 0.03 1.39
−0.28 −0.46 0.02 1.41
−0.28 −0.44 0.02 1.40
0.46 −0.28 −0.74 −0.05 0.66
0.47 −0.31 −0.74 −0.05 0.65
0.49 −0.33 −0.73 −0.04 0.65
0.34 −0.06 −0.21 −0.78 0.19 2.05
0.42 −0.03 −0.22 −0.80 0.23 2.00
0.42 −0.04 −0.20 −0.81 0.24 1.97
Model 2 versus Model 1 (p < 0.001)
Model 3 versus Model 2 (p = 0.12)
In subsequent models we adjusted for age, sex and BMI. We also included our variable of interest, microalbuminuria, to determine if it could help explain the larger variation in the period, wake to 12.00 (Model 2, Table 2). The residual variance, which represents the variation about an individual's trajectory, was 12.3 mmHg. We additionally allowed the residual variance to vary between microalbuminuria groups (ratio of standard deviation of those with to without microalbuminuria was 1.09). On average, over the day, those with microalbuminuria were found to have significantly higher SBP (7.6 mmHg, 95% CI 5.0–10.1, p < 0.001). However, adjusting for age, sex, BMI and microalbuminuria had almost no effect on the model parameter estimates (except the intercept). To determine if slopes were different between groups at different times of the day we included an interaction between each linear spline and microalbuminuria (Model 3, Table 2). Although two of the interaction terms were marginally significant, a LRT suggested that including interaction terms did not improve the overall fit to the data (p = 0.12). Based on additional models (results not shown) we found no evidence that the variance of the random-effects varied with microalbuminuria. With the inclusion of age, sex, BMI and microalbuminuria we concluded that Model 2 offered the best fit to the data (Model 2 vs Model 1, p < 0.01). Residual diagnostic plots of the models (residuals vs fitted values, histogram of random-effects & residuals) showed no violation of assumptions (results not shown). The VPC plot showed the model was adequately predicting central trend and variability of SBP in the observed data, when plotted against time (see Additional file 2).
In this large population based study we present an alternative method of modelling 24 h BP that can easily be applied to any physiological process that follows a circadian cycle. Our novel but simple approach utilising a piecewise linear random-effects model, with an adjustment to ensure that the average level is the same at the beginning and end of each 24-h period, offers a practical alternative to other methodological modelling techniques for researchers exploring circadian patterns. The flexible model has the ability to capture overall average, group and individual trajectories (in addition to being capable of examining slopes at different periods of the day).
Despite the large amounts of literature relating to BP, those specifically modelling 24 h ABPM remain sparse. Our method offers new measures of short-term BP variability as we can quantify the variation about an individual's trajectory but it also allows examination of the variation in slopes between individuals (random-effects). Our results indicated that after adjustment for age, sex and BMI the sharpest fall in BP occurred just after an individual went to sleep and the steepest rise occurred just after waking. Although there was a significant difference on average between those with and without microalbuminuria we found there was no overall improvement in fit after including interaction effects with the spline terms. However interestingly we found that the variation after awaking, representing what is known as the morning surge was considerably larger than the other periods of the day.
It has been acknowledged there is not a generally accepted "standard" method of analysing 24-h ABPM [21]. Cosinor analysis has been highlighted as the most common approach [14–17] while fourier analysis [18], has also been implemented which are both based on the idea that any time series can be described by a series of cosine (and sine) waves of various frequencies [38]. It has been suggested that these methods impose too many restrictions on the shape of the profile and have been shown to fit real profiles poorly [39]. Wang et al. [40] suggest problems with fitting a sinusoidal function to a circadian pattern include (1) that the pattern over time may not be symmetric; that is, the peak and nadir may not be separated by 12 h and/or the amplitude and width of the peak may differ from those of the nadir, (2) sometimes there are local minimum and maximum points. Additionally Wang et al. [41] suggests that the sinusoidal function is too restrictive and "rhythms with a shape closely approximating a cosine curve are uncommon" [42]. Alternative methods have examined restricted cubic splines and more recently orthonormal polynomials [13, 21]. As we highlighted previously these approaches may model the data quite well and their curvature nature may look graphically appealing but it is difficult to understand and compare their resulting coefficients.
Piecewise regression which allows separate slopes to be fitted to observations before and after a certain period or event (knot points) has been cited as a useful tool that should be implemented more often in the context of epidemiological studies [43] but has not, to the best of our knowledge been used with ABPM data or other physiological processes that are circadian. The benefit of this method as opposed to polynomials is that the regression coefficients represent something meaningful directly without the need for further manipulation of the results—in our context, the rate of increase or decrease of BP for a certain time of day. The position of the knot points can easily be altered depending on the requirements of a specific study. For example if we were examining the effect of dialysis on BP in haemodialysis patients we could fix knot points at the time their dialysis began and at period(s) a number of hours later.
The morning is recognised as the most important period in relation to cardiovascular diseases [44] and cardiovascular events occur more frequently in this period [44–46]. In our study we found that the steepest rise (slope) occurred during the period just after waking which is in line with the literature, thus verifying that our method is capturing known features of the data. It is suggested that the abrupt steep rise in BP may explain the link between cardiovascular events and the morning period [29]. In a review of morning surge with cardiovascular risk, three different definitions of morning surge were identified, all of which simply use BP differences where they subtracted some average night value minus an average of morning BP readings [45]. We argue that our method offers a more accurate estimate, as by definition of a slope we can specifically quantify the rate of "surge". In fact, Parati et al. argue that a method that would be capable of capturing a slope similar to one purposed by our method would provide an accurate method of estimating the morning surge [47]. Considering that morning surge has been cited as a predictor of stroke and advanced target organ damage independent of ambulatory BP and nocturnal BP [44, 46], accurately quantifying it remains an important issue, particularly when we are assessing the benefits of antihypertensive medication in their ability to reduce this steep rise. This may not only have health implications but also financial benefits. A similar argument could be put forward for the dipping effect at night which is usually quantified just as a ratio of the mean BP between night-day periods. The slope at night obtained by our approach may represent a more accurate measure but further work would be needed to explore this.
Kario argues that the perfect 24 h BP control is not limited to reducing mean BP but includes restoring disrupted circadian BP rhythms and reducing exaggerated BP variability [44]. As highlighted previously most studies examining BPV have concentrated on summary measures of variability such as SD over 24 h or separated into day and night values [5–8, 11, 12, 24]. With the use of our mixed-effects model we were are able to obtain superior measures of BPV that take into account the temporal nature of the data. We were able to quantify the variation about an individual's trajectory but also the variation in slopes between individuals. Our work highlighted that the largest variation between individuals occurred during the morning surge period. Adjusting for age, sex and BMI did not help explain this variation. Similarly the presence of microalbuminuria had little impact on the variation. Ideally we would have preferred to explore if the variation could in part predict CV events but as data is currently only available for wave one, we have been restricted to explore a surrogate marker in microalbuminuria and have acknowledged this as a limitation. Further work is warranted to include CVD endpoints but perhaps an underlining physiological phenomenon of BP is that it is most variable in the morning possibly because this period of the day has an abrupt rise. Although some of the knots are subject-specific, others are at common fixed locations which may not represent the best position for a specific individual and this assumption is recognised as a limitation. In addition to the average plot, we have attempted to incorporate our knowledge of the underlying pattern of BP to help inform our knot positions as suggested by Howe et al. [48].
As debate remains in relation to how to correctly quantify short-term BPV [24, 49] our approach offers new alternatives that utilise the full power of ABPM that is often lost when using summary measures such as SD because it only reflects the dispersion of measurements around a single value (mean) not accounting for the order in which BP measurements were obtained [12, 50]. As argued by Bamberger et al. there are a large and increasing variety of mathematical equations available which allow us to test specific hypotheses about, and estimate parameters of, growth or change (BP) with varying purposes such as summarizing the shape of change across a sample or determining patterns in variability [51]. Despite this however, Diehl et al. suggests that summary measures and multilevel models described here are two of the most common techniques used specifically for exploring BP changes [52]. They also suggest the use of dynamic developmental models with multiple time scales as another approach to address questions related to intraindividual variability. This is quite similar to the multilevel model framework but is slightly more flexible and can include more complex scenarios. These models are characterized by time-dependent parametric changes occurring at different time scales, where each time scale defines a distinct level within a hierarchy of time scales [53]. In the context of our work this approach may be useful if we had additional data that could incorporate another time scale, such as BP over years e.g. the lifespan. The benefit from this would be that we could compare and relate BP fluctuations over 24 h to that over the lifespan. However, in this study we are only interested in 24 h variation where we only have recordings taken every 30 min. With only one time scale, we believe that the use of the traditional mixed-effects model is appropriate for our analysis. We argue that our approach, which has the ability to determine variation over specific periods of the day offers a novel measure of variability in the analysis of 24 h BP which may have benefits when attempting to determine the optimal timing of antihypertensive medication administration in future studies. Finally, as was briefly alluded to, the approach and discussion outlined is not restricted to the use of BP and can easily be implemented on any physiological process that demonstrates a circadian cycle. BP is not the only biological process where disruptions to circadian rhythms are clinical relevant. Wang et al. found that those with Cushing syndrome exhibited no circadian rhythm of cortisol, while those with depression showed a dampened rhythm compared to the normal group [41]. Liu et al. found that larger short-term fluctuations in intraocular pressure are more common in glaucoma [54]. Similar to the morning BP surge, it was found that intraocular pressure was higher in the morning and more prevalent in those with glaucoma. This suggests that our approach may be beneficial to the exploration of other biological rhythms that have similar features to that of BP.
This study has introduced a novel but practical method for the analysis of ABPM data. Based on our work circadian BP patterns can be modelled using a mixed-effects model with piecewise linear splines. The main advantage of our method compared to other approaches is that the resulting regression coefficients have direct interpretation. We can determine the rate of increase or decrease at different periods of the day. In addition we can determine alternative measures of variability compared to classical BPV indices. Future research in this area should focus on the association between the measures obtained from this method to stronger clinical outcomes.
ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
blood pressure
blood pressure variability
standard deviation
albumin:creatinine ratio
restricted maximum likelihood estimation
Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictors
visual predictive check
Authors' contributions
JM drafted the initial manuscript and performed analysis, JM, AF and XL conceptualized the study and designed the methodology, AF and PK designed the original study, AF, XL, KT and PK critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We especially thank all participants in the study, the study nurses and administrators and the staff at the LivingHealth Clinic.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent
All participants provided written informed consent and ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals.
This research was funded by the Health Research Board PhD/2007/16. The Cork and Kerry Diabetes and Heart Disease Study was funded by a research grant from the Irish Health Research Board (Ref. HRC 2007/13).
Financial disclosure statement
The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
- Salgado-Delgado R, Tapia Osorio A, Saderi N, Escobar C. Disruption of circadian rhythms: a crucial factor in the etiology of depression. Depress Res Treat. 2011;2011:839743.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Sihota R, Saxena R, Gogoi M, Sood A, Gulati V, Pandey RM. A comparison of the circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure in primary phronic angle closure glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma and normal eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2005;53(4):243–7.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Zee PC, Attarian H, Videnovic A. Circadian rhythm abnormalities. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013;19(1 Sleep Disorders):132–47.Google Scholar
- Chen L, Yang G. Recent advances in circadian rhythms in cardiovascular system. Front Pharmacol. 2015;6:71.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Hansen TW, Thijs L, Li Y, Boggia J, Kikuya M, Bjorklund-Bodegard K, et al. Prognostic value of reading-to-reading blood pressure variability over 24 hours in 8938 subjects from 11 populations. Hypertension. 2010;55(4):1049–57.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kikuya M, Hozawa A, Ohokubo T, Tsuji I, Michimata M, Matsubara M, et al. Prognostic significance of blood pressure and heart rate variabilities: the Ohasama study. Hypertension. 2000;36(5):901–6.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, O'Brien E, Dobson JE, Dahlof B, et al. Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension. Lancet. 2010;375(9718):895–905.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Schillaci G, Verdecchia P, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Porcellati C. Lack of association between blood pressure variability and left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1998;11(5):515–22.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31(7):1281–357.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- O'Brien E, Parati G, Stergiou G, Asmar R, Beilin L, Bilo G, et al. European Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens. 2013;31(9):1731–68.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Roman MJ, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE, Pini R, Devereux RB. Relation of blood pressure variability to carotid atherosclerosis and carotid artery and left ventricular hypertrophy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21(9):1507–11.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Pierdomenico SD, Di Nicola M, Esposito AL, Di Mascio R, Ballone E, Lapenna D, et al. Prognostic value of different indices of blood pressure variability in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 2009;22(8):842–7.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lambert PC, Abrams KR, Jones DR, Halligan AW, Shennan A. Analysis of ambulatory blood pressure monitor data using a hierarchical model incorporating restricted cubic splines and heterogeneous within-subject variances. Stat Med. 2001;20(24):3789–805.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Portaluppi F, Montanari L. Consistency of circadian blood pressure pattern assessed by non-invasive monitoring and cosinor analysis in hospitalized hypertensive patients. Acta Cardiol. 1988;43(5):605–13.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Portaluppi F, Bagni B, degli Uberti E, Montanari L, Cavallini R, Trasforini G, et al. Circadian rhythms of atrial natriuretic peptide, renin, aldosterone, cortisol, blood pressure and heart rate in normal and hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens. 1990;8(1):85–95.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Munakata M, Imai Y, Hashimoto J, Sakuma H, Sekino H, Abe K, et al. The influence of antihypertensive agents on circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate in patients with essential hypertension. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1992;166(2):217–27.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ayala DE, Hermida RC, Mojon A, Fernandez JR, Iglesias M. Circadian blood pressure variability in healthy and complicated pregnancies. Hypertension. 1997;30(3 Pt 2):603–10.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Somes GW, Harshfield GA, Arheart KL, Miller ST. A Fourier series approach for comparing groups of subjects on ambulatory blood pressure patterns. Stat Med. 1994;13(12):1201–10.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, Amery A. Fourier analysis of blood pressure profiles. Am J Hypertens. 1993;6(6 Pt 2):184s–7s.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Selwyn MR, Difranco DM. The application of large Gaussian mixed models to the analysis of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data in clinical trials. Stat Med. 1993;12(18):1665–82.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Edwards LJ, Simpson SL. An analysis of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data using orthonormal polynomials in the linear mixed model. Blood Press Monit. 2014;19(3):153–63.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Macdonald-Wallis C, Tilling K, Fraser A, Nelson SM, Lawlor DA. Associations of blood pressure change in pregnancy with fetal growth and gestational age at delivery: findings from a prospective cohort. Hypertension. 2014;64(1):36–44.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Kearney PM, Harrington JM, Mc Carthy VJ, Fitzgerald AP, Perry IJ. Cohort profile: the Cork and Kerry diabetes and heart disease study. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(5):1253–62.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Madden JM, O'Flynn AM, Dolan E, Fitzgerald AP, Kearney PM. Short-term blood pressure variability over 24 h and target organ damage in middle-aged men and women. J Hum Hypertens. 2015;29:719–25.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hermida RC, Smolensky MH, Ayala DE, Portaluppi F. 2013 ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recommendations for the diagnosis of adult hypertension, assessment of cardiovascular and other hypertension-associated risk, and attainment of therapeutic goals. Chronobiol Int. 2013;30(3):355–410.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey AS, de Jong PE, et al. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9731):2073–81.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Laird NM, Ware JH. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics. 1982;38(4):963–74.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Fitzmaurice G, Laird NM, Ware JH. Applied longitudinal analysis. Hoboken: Wiley; 2011.Google Scholar
- Parati G, Bilo G, Redon J. Morning and smooth 24-h ambulatory blood pressure control is not achieved in general practice: results from the SURGE observational study. J Hypertens. 2013;31(3):616–23 (discussion 23).View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Zuur A, Ieno EN, Walker NJ, Saveliev AA, Smith GM. Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. Berlin: Springer; 2009.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Pinheiro JCD, Bates DM. Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS. New York: Springer; 2000.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Nakagawa S, Schielzeth H. A general and simple method for obtaining R2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods Ecol Evolution. 2013;4(2):133–42.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Johnson PC. Extension of Nakagawa & Schielzeth's to random slopes models. Methods Ecol Evol. 2014;5(9):944–6.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Bergstrand M, Hooker AC, Wallin JE, Karlsson MO. Prediction-corrected visual predictive checks for diagnosing nonlinear mixed-effects models. AAPS J. 2011;13(2):143–51.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Team; RC. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2014. http://www.R-project.org/.
- Pinheiro JBD, DebRoy S, Sarkar D, R Core Team. nlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 31-119. 2015.
- Armitage P, Berry G, Matthews JNS. Statistical methods in medical research. Oxford: Blackwell; 2009.Google Scholar
- Refinetti R, Lissen GC, Halberg F. Procedures for numerical analysis of circadian rhythms. Biol Rhythm Res. 2007;38(4):275–325.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Streitberg B, Meyer-Sabellek W, Baumgart P. Statistical analysis of circadian blood pressure recordings in controlled clinical trials. J Hypertens Suppl. 1989;7(3):S11–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wang Y, Brown MB. A flexible model for human circadian rhythms. Biometrics. 1996;52(2):588–96.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wang Y, Ke C, Brown MB. Shape-invariant modeling of circadian rhythms with random effects and smoothing spline ANOVA decompositions. Biometrics. 2003;59(4):804–12.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Reilly T, Atkinson G, Waterhouse J. Biological rhythms and exercise. New York: Oxford; 1997.Google Scholar
- Hardy R. Commentary: are piecewise mixed effects models useful in epidemiology? Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(6):1341–2.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kario K. Essential manual of 24 hour blood pressure management: from morning to nocturnal hypertension. New York: Wiley-Blackwell; 2015.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Kario K. Morning surge in blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: evidence and perspectives. Hypertension. 2010;56(5):765–73.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, Hoshide S, Hoshide Y, Morinari M, et al. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation. 2003;107(10):1401–6.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Parati G, Vrijens B, Vincze G. Analysis and interpretation of 24-h blood pressure profiles: appropriate mathematical models may yield deeper understanding. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21(2):123–5 (discussion 7–9).View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Howe LD, Tilling K, Matijasevich A, Petherick ES, Santos AC, Fairley L, et al. Linear spline multilevel models for summarising childhood growth trajectories: a guide to their application using examples from five birth cohorts. Stat Methods Med Res. 2016;25(5):1854–74.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Taylor KS, Heneghan CJ, Stevens RJ, Adams EC, Nunan D, Ward A. Heterogeneity of prognostic studies of 24-hour blood pressure variability: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):e0126375.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Bilo G, Giglio A, Styczkiewicz K, Caldara G, Maronati A, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, et al. A new method for assessing 24-h blood pressure variability after excluding the contribution of nocturnal blood pressure fall. J Hypertens. 2007;25(10):2058–66.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bamberger KT. The application of intensive longitudinal methods to investigate change: stimulating the field of applied family research. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2016;19(1):21–38.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Diehl M, Hooker K, Sliwinski MJ. Handbook of intraindividual variability across the life span. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2015.Google Scholar
- Boker SM, Molenaar PC, Nesselroade JR. Issues in intraindividual variability: individual differences in equilibria and dynamics over multiple time scales. Psychol Aging. 2009;24(4):858–62.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Liu JH, Zhang X, Kripke DF, Weinreb RN. Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure pattern associated with early glaucomatous changes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44(4):1586–90.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar


text:
In 2002, Narendra Modi who was the Chief Minister of Gujarat State instigated mass rampages against Muslims on a trumped up charge that some Muslims had burned down a train. It was a transparent lie without any proof whatsoever. Two to three thousand Muslims were murdered as the police and the State machinery stood aside. Some of the worst atrocities were committed against women. There is cogent evidence that mobs tore apart the wombs from living females. In response, the United States as well as Canada barred him from entry into Canada and the US.
In 2015, Modi went on a state visit to Canada as the Prime Minister of India. Sikhs For Justice as well other Sikh activist groups immediately launched a criminal case against him for crimes against humanity. Under Canada's law of universal jurisdiction, any person who commits genocide or crimes against humanity is subject to Canada's laws as soon as he comes within Canada's jurisdiction in personam. During the case, the Judge rendered the decision that there was sufficient evidence for the case to proceed against Modi.
This discussion which features Dr. Amarjit Singh and Gurpatwant Singh Pannu (Legal Director of Sikhs For Justice), discuss the criminal case against Modi launched by Sikhs For Justice: