text:
Why Protestants Don't Pray to Saints
(A Brief History of Prayer to Saints)
By: Philip Schaff
Excerpted from: "History of the Christian Church": Volume III, Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity, A.D. 311-390 Chapter VII, P. 428-442 (§ 84.) (Edited for Length)
Related Pages:
St. Irenaeus, St. Augustine, St. Patrick, St. Hild, St. Francis, and St. Clare
"For there is one God, and one mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus;" -I Timothy 2:5
Protestants follow the New Testament usage for the term "saints", as referring simply generally to all Christians, but for the purpose of this discussion we here follow the later traditional Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic usage of the term "saints" for a Christian of especially exemplary life who has gone home to be with the Lord, and may even be officially so designated. Protestants in fact consider many of these exact same people (like those shown above) to be some of their greatest "Heroes of the Faith".
Note: The purpose of this webpage is not to present information "against" any Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox who are fellow believers in Christ, but rather to inform those who are Protestants of their heritage, their distinctive beliefs, and why these are held. If you are Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox and are offended by hearing about beliefs differing from your own, you are welcome to skip this page.
Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and even Protestant visitors to this Website sometimes have all exactly the same question: "Why don't Protestants pray to the Saints? (or even seek their intercession on one's behalf?)
The easy, short answer is that it would not usually even occur to Protestants to do this, they not being taught to do so either in the New Testament or in their Churches (and in the back of their minds they may well be hearing the scripture verse: "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus;" -I Timothy 2:5).
The question then turns around and presents itself as: "Why do the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches offer such prayer?" ...and perhaps even more to the point, if such prayer is mentioned neither in the Gospels, nor in the Letters of the Apostles, when and how did this type of prayer enter into the history and practice of the Church?
We present the answer to all of the above questions by here posting below an excerpt from Philip Schaff's excellent eight-volume work, "History of the Christian Church" (Volume III, Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity A.D. 311-390, P. 409-427).
Published in 1866, and written for an audience of Protestant Seminary students, Doctoral candidates studying for the ministry, the author does not always use the softening of terms and tactful consideration that we of our own era might prefer or wish for, especially to a mixed-Christian-Communion general public audience as we have in the many tens of thousands of daily visitors to our website, and we apologize in advance if there be any offence taken, for none is intended to our Christian brothers and sisters in any Christian Communion.
It should also be pointed out that the official teaching of both the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Communions is not to offer "worship" (Greek: "latreia") to "the Saints", which they agree with Protestants should only be offered to God alone, but rather "veneration" (as Philip Schaff himself makes clear further below in his text). The official teaching of the Eastern Orthodox Church is also not to seek answers to prayer directly from "the Saints", but rather only to seek their intercession on one's behalf for one's prayers to God. Protestants of course do not do even this.
§ 84. The Worship of Martyrs and Saints.
I. Sources: The Memorial Discourses of Basil the Great on the martyr Mamas (a shepherd in Cappadocia, † about 276), and on the forty martyrs (soldiers, who are said to have suffered in Armenia under Licinius in 320); of Gregory Naz. on Cyprian († 248), on Athanasius († 372), and on Basil († 379); of Gregory Of Nyssa on Ephraim Syrus († 378), and on the megalomartyr Theodorus; of Chrysostom on Bernice and Prosdoce, on the Holy Martyrs, on the Egyptian Martyrs, on Meletius of Antioch; several homilies of Ambrose, Augustine, Leo the Great, Peter Chrysologus Caesarius, &c.; Jerome against Vigilantius. The most important passages of the fathers on the veneration of saints are conveniently collected in: The Faith of Catholics on certain points of controversy, confirmed by Scripture and attested by the Fathers. By Berington and Kirk, revised by Waterworth." 3d ed. 1846, vol. iii. pp. 322–416.
II. The later Literature: (1) On the Roman Catholic side: The Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists, thus far 58 vols. fol. (1643–1858, coming down to the 22d of October). Theod. Ruinart: Acta primorum martyrum sincera et selecta. Par. 1689 (confined to the first four centuries). Laderchio: S. patriarcharum et prophetarum, confessorum, cultus perpetuus, etc. Rom. 1730. (2) On the Protestant side: J. Dallaeus: Adversus Latinorum de cultus religiosi objecto traditionem. Genev. 1664. Isaac Taylor: Ancient Christianity. 4th ed. Lond. 1844, vel. ii. p. 173 ff. ("Christianized demonolatry in the fourth century.")
The system of saint-worship, including both Hagiology and Hagiolatry, developed itself at the same time with the worship of Mary; for the latter is only the culmination of the former. The New Testament is equally ignorant of both.
The expression a{gioi, sancti, saints, is used by the apostles not of a particular class, a spiritual aristocracy of the church, but of all baptized and converted Christians without distinction; because they are separated from the world, consecrated to the service of God, washed from the guilt of sin by the blood of Christ, and, notwithstanding all their remaining imperfections and sins, called to perfect holiness. The apostles address their epistles to "the saints" i.e., the Christian believers, "at Rome, Corinth, Ephesus," &c.
After the entrance of the heathen (population) into the church the title came to be restricted to bishops and councils and to departed heroes of the Christian faith, especially the martyrs of the first three centuries. When, on the cessation of persecution, the martyr's crown, at least within the limits of the Roman empire, was no longer attainable, extraordinary ascetic piety, great service to the church, and subsequently also the power of miracles, were required as indispensable conditions of reception into the Catholic calendar of saints.
The anchorets especially, who, though not persecuted from without, voluntarily crucified their flesh and overcame evil spirits, seemed to stand equal to the martyrs in holiness and in claims to veneration. A tribunal of canonization did not yet exist.
The popular voice commonly decided the matter, and passed for the voice of God. Some saints were venerated only in the regions where they lived and died; others enjoyed a national homage; others, a universal. The veneration of the saints increased with the decrease of martyrdom, and with the remoteness of the objects of reverence.
"Distance lends enchantment to the view;" but "familiarity" is apt "to breed contempt." The sins and faults of the heroes of faith were lost in the bright haze of the past, while their virtues shone the more, and furnished to a pious and superstitious fancy the richest material for legendary poesy.
Almost all the catholic saints belong to the higher degrees of the clergy or to the monastic life. And the monks were the chief promoters of the worship of saints. At the head of the heavenly chorus stands Mary, crowned as queen by the side of her divine Son; then come the apostles and evangelists, who died a violent death, the protomartyr Stephen, and the martyrs of the first three centuries; the patriarchs and prophets also of the Old Covenant down to John the Baptist; and finally eminent hermits and monks, missionaries, theologians, and bishops, and those, in general, who distinguished themselves above their contemporaries in virtue or in public service.
The measure of ascetic self-denial was the measure of Christian virtue.
Though many of the greatest saints of the Bible, from the patriarch Abraham to Peter, the prince of the apostles, lived in marriage, the (Roman Catholic) ethics, from the time of Ambrose and Jerome, can allow no genuine holiness within the bonds of matrimony, and receives only virgines and some few vidui and viduae into its spiritual nobility. In this again the close connection of saint-worship with monasticism is apparent.
To the saints, about the same period, were added angels as objects of worship. To angels there was ascribed in the church from the beginning a peculiar concern with the fortunes of the militant church, and a certain oversight of all lands and nations. But Ambrose is the first who expressly exhorts to the invocation of our patron angels, and represents it as a duty. In favor of the guardianship and interest of angels appeal was rightly made to several passages of the Old and New Testaments: Dan. x. 13, 20, 21; xii. 1; Matt. xviii. 10; Luke xv. 7; Heb. i. 14; Acts xii. 15. But in Col. ii. 18, and Rev. xix. 10; xxii. 8, 9, the worship of angels is distinctly rebuked.
Out of the old Biblical notion of guardian angels arose also the idea of patron saints for particular countries, cities, churches, and classes, and against particular evils and dangers. Peter and Paul and Laurentius became the patrons of Rome; James, the patron of Spain; Andrew, of Greece; John, of theologians; Luke, of painters; subsequently Phocas, of seamen; Ivo, of jurists; Anthony, a protector against pestilence; Apollonia, against tooth-aches; &c.
These different orders of saints and angels form a heavenly hierarchy, reflected in the ecclesiastical hierarchy on earth. Dionysius the Areopagite, a fantastical Christian Platonist of the fifth-century, exhibited the whole relation of man to God on the basis of the hierarchy; dividing the hierarchy into two branches, heavenly and earthly, and each of these again into several degrees, of which every higher one was the mediator of salvation to the one below it.
These are the outlines of the saint-worship of our period. Now to the exposition and estimate of it, and then the proofs.
The worship of saints proceeded originally, without doubt, from a pure and truly Christian source, to wit: a very deep and lively sense of the communion of saints, which extends over death and the grave, and embraces even the blessed in heaven.
It was closely connected with love to Christ, and with gratitude for everything great and good which he has done through his instruments for the welfare of posterity. The church fulfilled a simple and natural duty of gratitude, when, in the consciousness of unbroken fellowship with the church triumphant, she honored the memory of the martyrs and confessors, who had offered their life for their faith, and had achieved victory for it over all its enemies.
She performed a duty of fidelity to her own children, when she held up for admiration and imitation the noble virtues and services of their fathers. She honored and glorified Christ Himself when she surrounded Him with an innumerable company of followers, contemplated the reflection of His glory in them, and sang to His praise in the Ambrosian Te Deum:
"The glorious company of the Apostles praise thee;
The goodly fellowship of the Prophets praise thee;
The noble army of Martyrs praise thee;
The holy church throughout all the world doth acknowledge thee;
The Father, of an infinite majesty;
Thine adorable, true, and only Son;
Also the Holy Ghost, the Comforter.
Thou art the King of glory, O Christ;
Thou art the everlasting Son of the Father.
When thou tookest upon thee to deliver man, thou didst not abhor the Virgin's womb;
When thou hadst overcome the sharpness of death, thou didst open the kingdom of heaven to all believers."
In the first three centuries the veneration of the martyrs in general restricted itself to the thankful remembrance of their virtues and the celebration of the day of their death as the day of their heavenly birth. This celebration usually took place at their graves.
So the church of Smyrna annually commemorated its bishop Polycarp, and valued his bones more than gold and gems, though with the express distinction:
"Christ we worship as the Son of God; the martyrs we love and honor as disciples and successors of the Lord, on account of their insurpassable love to their King and Master, as also, we wish to be their companions and fellow disciples." Here we find this veneration as yet in its innocent simplicity.
But in the Nicene age it advanced to a formal invocation of the saints as our patrons (patroni) and intercessors (intercessores, mediatores) before the throne of grace, and degenerated into a form of refined polytheism and idolatry. The saints came into the place of the demigods, Penates and Lares, the patrons of the domestic hearth and of the country.
As once temples and altars to the heroes, so now churches and chapels came to be built over the graves of the martyrs, and consecrated to their names (or more precisely to God through them). People laid in them, as they used to do in the temple of Aesculapius, the sick that they might be healed, and hung in them, as in the temples of the gods, sacred gifts of silver and gold. Their graves were, as Chrysostom says, move splendidly adorned and more frequently visited than the palaces of kings.
Banquets were held there in their honor, which recall the heathen sacrificial feasts for the welfare of the manes. Their relics were preserved with scrupulous care, and believed to possess miraculous virtue.
Earlier, it was the custom to pray for the martyrs (as if they were not yet perfect) and to thank God for their fellowship and their pious example. Now such intercessions for them were considered unbecoming, and their intercession was invoked for the living.
This invocation of the dead was accompanied with the presumption that they take the deepest interest in all the fortunes of the kingdom of God on earth, and express it in prayers and intercessions.
This was supposed to be warranted by some passages of Scripture, like Luke xv. 10, which speaks of the angels (not the saints) rejoicing over the conversion of a sinner, and Rev. viii. 3, 4, which represents an angel as laying the prayers of all the saints on the golden altar before the throne of God.
...the New Testament...furnishes not a single example of an actual invocation of dead men...
But the New Testament expressly rebukes the worship of the angels (Col. ii. 18; Rev. xix. 10; xxii. 8, 9), and furnishes not a single example of an actual invocation of dead men; and it nowhere directs us to address our prayers to any creature. Mere inferences from certain premises, however plausible, are, in such weighty matters, not enough.
The intercession of the saints for us was drawn as a probable inference from the duty of all Christians to pray for others, and the invocation of the saints for their intercession was supported by the unquestioned right to apply to living saints for their prayers, of which even the apostles availed themselves in their epistles.
But here rises the insolvable question: How can departed saints hear at once the prayers of so many Christians on earth, unless they either partake of divine omnipresence or divine omniscience?
And is it not idolatrous to clothe creatures with attributes which belong exclusively to Godhead? Or, if the departed saints first learn from the omniscient God our prayers, and then bring them again before God with their powerful intercessions, to what purpose this circuitous way? Why not at once address God immediately, who alone is able, and who is always ready, to hear His children for the sake of Christ?
Augustine felt this difficulty, and concedes his inability to solve it. He leaves it undecided, whether the saints (as Jerome and others actually supposed) are present in so many places at once, or their knowledge comes through the omniscience of God, or finally it comes through the ministry of angels.
He already makes the distinction between latreiva, or adoration due to God alone, and the invocatio (douleiva) of the saints, and firmly repels the charge of idolatry, which the Manichaean Faustus brought against the catholic Christians when he said: "Ye have changed the idols into martyrs, whom ye worship with the like prayers, and ye appease the shades of the dead with wine and flesh."
Augustine asserts that the church indeed celebrates the memory of the martyrs with religious solemnity, to be stirred up to imitate them, united with their merits, and supported by their prayers, but it offers sacrifice and dedicates altars to God alone.
Our martyrs, says he, are not gods; we build no temples to our martyrs, as to gods; but we consecrate to them only memorial places, as to departed men, whose spirits live with God; we build altars not to sacrifice to the martyrs, but to sacrifice with them to the one God, who is both ours and theirs.
But in spite of all these distinctions and cautions, which must be expected from a man like Augustine, and acknowledged to be a wholesome restraint against excesses, we cannot but see in the martyr-worship, as it was actually practiced, a new form of the hero-worship of the pagans.
Nor can we wonder in the least. For the great mass of the Christian people came, in fact, fresh from polytheism, without thorough conversion, and could not divest themselves of their old notions and customs at a stroke.
The despotic form of government, the servile subjection of the people, the idolatrous homage which was paid to the Byzantine emperors and their statues, the predicates divina, sacra, coelestia, which were applied to the utterances of their will, favored the worship of saints.
The heathen emperor Julian sarcastically reproached the Christians with reintroducing polytheism into monotheism, but, on account of the difference of the objects, revolted from the Christian worship of martyrs and relics, as from the "stench of graves and dead men's bones."
The Manichaean taunt we have already mentioned. The Spanish presbyter Vigilantius, in the fifth century, called the worshippers of martyrs and relics, ashes-worshippers and idolaters, and taught that, according to the Scriptures, the living only should pray with and for each other.
Even some orthodox church teachers admitted the affinity of the saint-worship with heathenism, though with the view of showing that all that is good in the heathen worship reappears far better in the Christian.
Eusebius cites a passage from Plato on the worship of heroes, demi-gods, and their graves, and then applies it to the veneration of friends of God and champions of true religion; so that the Christians did well to visit their graves, to honor their memory there, and to offer their prayers.
The Greeks, Theodoret thinks, have the least reason to be offended at what takes place at the graves of the martyrs; for the libations and expiations, the demi-gods and deified men, originated with themselves. Hercules, Aesculapius, Bacchus, the Dioscuri, and the like, are deified men; consequently it cannot be a reproach to the Christians that they—not deify, but—honor their martyrs as witnesses and servants of God.
The ancients saw nothing censurable in such worship of the dead. The saints, our helpers and patrons, are far more worthy of such honor. The temples of the gods are destroyed, the philosophers, orators, and emperors are forgotten, but the martyrs are universally known. The feasts of the gods are now replaced by the festivals of Peter, Paul, Marcellus, Leontius, Antonins, Mauricius, and other martyrs, not with pagan pomp and sensual pleasures, but with Christian soberness and decency.
Yet even this last distinction which Theodoret asserts, sometimes disappeared. Augustine laments that in the African church banqueting and reveling were daily practiced in honor of the martyrs, but thinks that this weakness must be for the time indulged from regard to the ancient customs of the pagans.
In connection with the new hero-worship a new mythology also arose, which filled up the gaps of the history of the saints, and sometimes even transformed the pagan myths of gods and heroes into Christian legends. The superstitious imagination, visions, and dreams, and pious fraud famished abundant contributions to the Christian legendary poesy.
The worship of the saints found eloquent vindication and encouragement not only, in poets like Prudentius (about 405) and Paulinus of Nola (died 431), to whom greater freedom is allowed, but even in all the prominent theologians and preachers of the Nicene and post-Nicene age. It was as popular as monkery, and was as enthusiastically commended by the leaders of the church in the East and West.
The two institutions, moreover, are closely connected and favor each other. The monks were most zealous friends of saint-worship in their own cause.
The church of the fifth century already went almost as far in it as the Middle Age, at all events quite as far as the council of Trent; for this council does not prescribe the invocation of the saints, but confines itself to approving it as "good and useful" (not as necessary) on the ground of their reigning with Christ in heaven and their intercession for us, and expressly remarks that Christ is our only, Redeemer and Saviour.
This moderate and prudent statement of the doctrine, however, has not yet removed the excesses which the Roman Catholic people still practise in the worship of the saints, their images, and their relics. The Greek church goes even further in theory than the Roman; for the confession of Peter Mogilas (which was subscribed by the four Greek patriarchs in 1643, and again sanctioned by the council of Jerusalem in 1672), declares it duty and propriety ("crevo") to implore the intercession (mesiteiva) of Mary and the saints with God for us.
We now cite, for proof and further illustration, the most important passages from the church fathers of our period on this point. In the numerous memorial discourses of the fathers, the martyrs are loaded with eulogies, addressed as present, and besought for their protection.
The universal tone of those productions is offensive to the Protestant taste, and can hardly be reconciled with evangelical ideas of the exclusive and all-sufficient mediation of Christ and of justification by pure grace without the merit of works.
But it must not be forgotten that in these discourses very much is to be put to the account of the degenerate, extravagant, and fulsome rhetoric of that time.
The best church fathers, too, never separated the merits of the saints from the merits of Christ, but considered the former as flowing out of the latter.
We begin with the Greek fathers. Basil the Great calls the forty soldiers who are said to have suffered martyrdom under Licinius in Sebaste about 320, not only a "holy choir," an "invincible phalanx," but also "common patrons of the human family, helpers of our prayers and most mighty intercessors with God."
Ephraim Syrus addresses the departed saints, in general, in such words as these: "Remember me, ye heirs of God, ye brethren of Christ, pray to the Saviour for me, that I through Christ may be delivered from him who assaults me from day to day;" and the mother of a martyr:"O holy, true, and blessed mother, plead for me with the saints, and pray: 'Ye triumphant martyrs of Christ, pray for Ephraim, the least, the miserable,' that I may find grace, and through the grace of Christ may be saved."
Gregory of Nyssa asks of St. Theodore, whom he thinks invisibly present at his memorial feast, intercessions for his country, for peace, for the preservation of orthodoxy, and begs him to arouse the apostles Peter and Paul and John to prayer for the church planted by them (as if they needed such an admonition!).
He relates with satisfaction that the people streamed to the burial place of this saint in such multitudes that the place looked like an ant hill. In his Life of St. Ephraim, he tells of a pilgrim who lost himself among the barbarian posterity of Ishmael, but by the prayer, "St. Ephraim, help me!" and the protection of the saint, happily found his way home.
He himself thus addresses him at the close: "Thou who standest at the holy altar, and with angels servest the life-giving and most holy Trinity, remember us all, and implore for us the forgiveness of sins and the enjoyment of the eternal kingdom."
Gregory Nazianzen is convinced that the departed Cyprian guides and protects his church in Carthage more powerfully by his intercessions than he formerly did by his teachings, because he now stands so much nearer the Deity; he addresses him as present, and implores his favor and protection.
In his eulogy on Athanasius, who was but a little while dead, he prays: "Look graciously down upon us, and dispose this people to be perfect worshippers of the perfect Trinity; and when the times are quiet, preserve us—when they are troubled, remove us, and take us to thee in thy fellowship."
Even Chrysostom did not rise above the spirit of the time. He too is an eloquent and enthusiastic advocate of the worship of the saints and their relics. At the close of his memorial discourse on Sts. Bernice and Prosdoce—two saints who have not even a place in the Roman calendar—he exhorts his hearers not only on their memorial days but also on other days to implore these saints to be our protectors:
"For they have great boldness not merely during their life but also after death, yea, much greater after death. For they now bear the stigmata of Christ [the marks of martyrdom], and when they show these, they can persuade the King to anything."
He relates that once, when the harvest was endangered by excessive rain, the whole population of Constantinople flocked to the church of the Apostles, and there elected the apostles Peter and Andrew, Paul and Timothy, patrons and intercessors before the throne of grace. Christ, says he on Heb. i. 14, redeems us as Lord and Master, the angels redeem us as ministers.
Asterius of Amasia calls the martyr Phocas, the patron of mariners, "a pillar and foundation of the churches of God in the world, the most renowned of the martyrs, who draws men of all countries in hosts to his church in Sinope, and who now, since his death, distributes more abundant nourishment than Joseph in Egypt."
Among the Latin fathers, Ambrose of Milan is one of the first and most decided promoters of the worship of saints. We cite a passage or two.
"May Peter, who so successfully weeps for himself, weep also for us, and turn upon us the friendly look of Christ. The angels, who are appointed to guard us, must be invoked for us; the martyrs, to whose intercession we have claim by the pledge of their bodies, must be invoked.
They who have washed away their sins by their own blood, may pray for our sins. For they are martyrs of God, our high priests, spectators of our life and our acts. We need not blush to use them as intercessors for our weakness; for they also knew the infirmity of the body when they gained the victory over it."
Jerome disputes the opinion of Vigilantius, that we should pray for one another in this life only, and that the dead do not hear our prayers, and ascribes to departed saints a sort of omnipresence, because, according to Rev. xiv. 4, they follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth.
He thinks that their prayers are much more effectual in heaven than they were upon earth. If Moses implored the forgiveness of God for six hundred thousand men, and Stephen, the first martyr, prayed for his murderers after the example of Christ, should they cease to pray, and to be heard, when they are with Christ?
Augustine infers from the interest which the rich man in hell still had in the fate of his five surviving brothers (Luke xvi. 27), that the pious dead in heaven must have even far more interest in the kindred and friends whom they have left behind.
He also calls the saints our intercessors, yet under Christ, the proper and highest Intercessor, as Peter and the other apostles are shepherds under the great chief Shepherd. In a memorial discourse on Stephen, he imagines that martyr, and St. Paul who stoned him, to be present, and begs them for their intercessions with the Lord with whom they reign.
He attributes miraculous effects, even the raising of the dead, to the intercessions of Stephen. But, on the other hand, he declares, as we have already observed, his inability to solve the difficult question of the way in which the dead can be made acquainted with our wishes and prayers.
At all events, in Augustine's practical religion the worship of the saints occupies a subordinate place. In his "Confessions" and "Soliloquies" he always addresses himself directly to God, not to Mary nor to martyrs.
The Spanish poet Prudentius flees with prayers and confessions of sin to St. Laurentius, and considers himself unworthy to be heard by Christ Himself.
The poems of Paulinus of Nola are full of direct prayers for the intercessions of the saints, especially of St. Felix, in whose honor he erected a basilica, and annually composed an ode, and whom he calls his patron, his father, his lord. He relates that the people came in great crowds around the wonder-working relics of this saint on his memorial day, and could not look on them enough.
Leo the Great, in his sermons, lays great stress on the powerful intercession of the apostles Peter and Paul, and of the Roman martyr Laurentius.
Pope Gregory the Great, at the close of our period, went much farther.
According to this we cannot wonder that the Virgin Mary and the saints are interwoven also in the prayers of the liturgies, and that their merits and intercession stand by the side of the merits of Christ as a ground of the acceptance of our prayers.
™ _____________________________________________________________
Addenda: Some Additional reasons (besides I Timothy 2:5) why Protestants don't pray to Christians now in Heaven (the Saints, including Mary) or even ask them to intercede on their behalf:
Protestants don't want to disobey Christ's own clear teaching on how Christians should pray:
When the disciples (who would later become the apostles) asked the Lord Jesus to teach them how to pray, Christ taught them (and all Christians) to pray our prayers to God the Father:
Christ taught us to Pray to God the Father...
"In this manner therefore pray: Our Father, who art in Heaven..." -Matthew 4:6
...in His (Christ's) Name...
Later Christ clarified his teaching to pray to God the Father by saying that we should do so in His (Christ's own) Name---
"...I go unto my Father. And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. If ye shall ask anything in my name, I will do it. If ye love me, keep my commandments." -John 14:12-15
...Christ Himself being our only mediator...
"For there is one God, and one mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus;" -I Timothy 2:5 _____________________________________________________________
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(Text of "History of the Christian Church" by Philip Schaff is in the Public Domain).
Logos and Layout Copyright © 2007 S.G.P. All Rights Reserved.
A Word of Explanation:
Firstly, as an Interdenominational Christian Organization, our stated policy on this website is not to take stands on most non-essential (to Salvation) doctrines.
Secondly, another stated policy is to present "Prayer Teaching and Resources" for all Christians. And thirdly, we were founded as a Protestant Religious Order, and as such are especially dedicated to only offer Prayer to God in Jesus' Name.
We therefore gave much prayer and thoughtful consideration before making this posting, as this very prayer-related subject in a non-essential area (to Salvation) seems to fall into an overlapping area of conflict between the two policies and the three positions. _____________


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|The stupid question is the question not asked
Re: Parallel::Forkmanager and large hash, running out of memoryby talexb (Canon)
|on Apr 24, 2013 at 15:04 UTC ( #1030432=note: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
It seems you must be leaving out some important ionformation.
If you're converting a single TSV into an RDF, and just doing that is choking on a machine with half a terabyte of RAM, there's clearly something horribly wrong.
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MAJOR MILESTONES in FLIGHT
Humans dreamed of flight for thousands of years, and the crucial steps in this timeline fueled advances that carried us into the air, and even to the moon.
Before 800 BC The human impulse to fly as archetype: Daedalus and Icarus, a father and son in Greek mythology, fly with wings made of wax and feathers, until Icarus flies too close to the sun—melting the wax—and falls into the sea.
1000-500 BC Kites invented in China are used to carry men scouting enemy troops.
400 BC Bamboo-copter emerges as a toy in China, composed of feathers attached to a stick that flies when spun rapidly.
200 BC Chinese sky lantern is the first hot air balloon.
852 AD In north Africa, Armen Firman purportedly uses the first parachute to leap from a tower and land with only minor injuries.
1488-1514 Italian Leonardo da Vinci designs his first flying machines—modeled after bird wings—but he never builds them, and modern aerodynamics suggests they would not have flown.
1680 Italian Renaissance man Giovanni Alfonso Borelli fuels the search for a better engine when he claims that human muscles cannot support flight.
1783 Daniel Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician and physicist, publishes his lift-creating principle that took on his name as the Bernoulli Effect.
1783 The French Montgolfier Brothers burn wood and old shoes to power the first unmanned balloon flight.
1793 Diego Marín Aguilera—later named the Father of Aviation in Spain—flies his bird-like glider into a crash landing, and perhaps it is in his best interests when the townspeople burn it, calling it demonic.
1799 English engineer Sir George Cayley comes up with the idea of the fixed-wing aircraft.
1804 Cayley builds and flies the first successful glider.
1869 English publisher Frederick Marriott flies his steam-fueled Avitor Hermes Jr., the first unmanned aircraft to power itself into flight in the United States. As Scientific American reports: "With the first turn of the propellers she rose slowly into the air, gradually increasing her speed until the rate of five miles per hour was attained."
1900 Orville and Wilbur Wright complete their first glider flight.
1903 The Wright Flyer flies for 12 seconds over a length of about one third of a football field, making it the first powered, manned, heavier-than-air, controlled flight.
1905 U.S. government shows no interest in The Wright Brothers' offer of its flight experiments and machine, replying that the government is not interested in "financing experiments."
1907 U.S. government's opinion about flight changes when President Theodore Roosevelt sees a description of the Wright Flyer in Scientific American, and asks Secretary of War Taft to look into it.
1909 Louis Blériot, a French engineer and innovator, completes the first flight over the English Channel in the Blériot XI.
1914 First scheduled airline debuts in Florida, employing the Benoist Aircraft Company's flying boats to shuttle passengers between St. Petersburg and Tampa.
1914 Aerial combat begins when Allied and German pilots shoot at each other with pistols and rifles. 1917 United States enters World War I with only 35 flying officers and 54 air-worthy planes.
1918 German fighter pilot Manfred von Richthofen—top ace of World War I widely known as "The Red Baron"—is fatally shot down after 80 air combat victories.
1921 U.S. Army General Billy Mitchell leads U.S. planes in a test attack that bombs two battleships off the coast of North Carolina, and from 6,000 feet sinks them both in minutes.
1927 Charles A. Lindbergh flies the Spirit of St. Louis nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean. His landing in France draws a huge crowd.
1929 U.S. Air Force pilot James H. Doolittle "flies blind," completing the first flight, including takeoff and landing, relying entirely on instruments and not on visual cues.
1932 American Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
1939 The first practical helicopter, Sikorsky's VS-300, flies for about 10 seconds.
1947 U.S. Air Force Captain Charles "Chuck" E. Yeager flies faster than the speed of sound in the rocket-powered Bell X-1.
1949 The Lucky Lady II, a Boeing B-50A, flies around the world nonstop.
1958 More passengers cross the Atlantic Ocean by plane than by ship for the first time.
1961 The Hawker Siddeley P.1127 aircraft makes the first successful vertical and/or short takeoff and landing.
1964 American Geraldine "Jerrie" Fredritz Mock flies solo around the world—a first for a woman—in a single engine Cessna 180.
1964 Lockheed SR-71 "Blackbird," a high-speed, high-altitude reconnaissance jet, completes its first flight.
1969 When Apollo 11 takes the first humans to the moon, astronaut Neil Armstrong carries a piece of muslin fabric from the left wing of the original 1903 Wright Flyer and a section of wood from the airplane's left propeller.
1969 Boeing 747 "Jumbo Jet" makes its first flight.
1976 The Concorde offers the first supersonic passenger flight.
1979 Human-powered Gossamer Albatross crosses the English Channel.
1984 Airfone lets passengers phone home
1994 Boeing 777 is the first aircraft designed entirely on a computer.
1997 Malaysia Airlines sets the record for the longest nonstop flight, from Seattle to Kuala Lumpur.
2010 Solar Impulse is the first solar-powered plane to fly nonstop for more than 24 hours.
2011 First hybrid electric plane—developed by Siemens, Diamond Aircraft and Airbus—flies in Vienna, Austria.
2013 A remote-controlled F-16 breaks the sound barrier in its maiden flight.
2013 Airbus A350 takes to the skies.
2014 British firm Reaction Engines promises its Skylon aircraft, to begin testing in 2019, will fly anywhere on earth in four hours or less.
2015 U.S. Federal Aviation Administration allows Amazon to test delivery drones.


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Nails: Backscratchers
November 1, 1986
Has Olympic athlete Florence Griffith-Joyner started something new — long nails and nail art?
Notoriety ... recognition ... getting the word out ... that is an important aspect of running a successful salon. But so is product availability: That is, the ability to get the products you need when you need them.
October 26, 1986
If you know anything at all about fiberglass, the word itself should bring to mind the concept of strength combined with good looks.
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Airbus A380 rewrites the mass market rules. Airbus now marketing seriously low cost aircraft.
It had to happen. As announced last week, an Airbus A380 is going to carry 840 seats. The Reunion carrier, Air Austral, will not take delivery of the aircraft until 2014, but the significance of the announcement is twofold - first that it is to become a precedent for a mass transit aircraft, unlike the marginal increases in seating density by the main network airline orders; and secondly, that Airbus appears ready now to market this opportunity in their sales pitch. [1781 words]
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Matthew 6:25-34New International Version (NIV)
Do Not Worry
25 "Therefore I tell you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat or drink; or about your body, what you will wear. Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothes? 26 Look at the birds of the air; they do not sow or reap or store away in barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they? 27 Can any one of you by worrying add a single hour to your life[a]?
28 "And why do you worry about clothes? See how the flowers of the field grow. They do not labor or spin. 29 Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his splendor was dressed like one of these. 30 If that is how God clothes the grass of the field, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the fire, will he not much more clothe you—you of little faith? 31 So do not worry, saying, 'What shall we eat?' or 'What shall we drink?' or 'What shall we wear?' 32 For the pagans run after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them. 33 But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well. 34 Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own.
Cross references:
New International Version (NIV)
Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
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Date: 1910 ca.
Description: Black and white photographic postcard of men gathered in front of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Date: 1920 ca.
Description: Black and white photograph looking west down James Street, with pedestrians and parked automobiles.
Date: 1950 ca.
Description: Color postcard of the Farmers' and Merchants' Union Bank. The building was designed by Louis H. Sullivan and constructed in 1919 of Crawfordsville brick an...
Date: 1911
Description: Photographic postcard of James Street, looking east, with pedestrians and horse-drawn vehicles.
Date: 1980 ca.
Description: Color photographic postcard of the Farmers' and Merchants' Union Bank. The original building was designed by Louis H. Sullivan and constructed in 1919 of C...
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Description: Flour mills and dam.
Date: 1936-06-23
Description: Workers in trial fields of the Leonard Seed Company, with the processing plant in the background.
Date: 1916 after
Description: A black and white photograph of newly paved Madison Road. It was paved in 1916 with asphalt concrete by Jas. Rasmussen & Sons, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, under th...
Date: 1944-03-06
Description: Columbus Foods Corporation received an "A" for achievement award flag for food production and canning. Taking part in the ceremony, left to right are: J.L...
Description: Color photograph of Ludington Street, with parked automobiles and pedestrians and the post office on the left.
Date: 1961-08-18
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Date: 1926
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Date: 1945-04-27
Description: Wisconsin Conference of Seventh Day Adventists farm on Duborg Road off of Highway 16 west of Columbus, Wisconsin. A farmer holds two horses next to a fence...
Date: 1930 ca.
Description: Farmers and Merchants Union Bank in Columbus, Wisconsin, designed by Louis Sullivan.
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Description: Color-enhanced black and white photographic postcard of the Soldier's Monument in honor of the Grand Army of the Republic during the Civil War.
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Date: 1945-07-13
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Mary Frances Olive,bronze,pink Clutch
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Victorian styled evening bag with long bead chain and metal top handle. Used only once for a very special occasion. Comes from smoke free and pet free home. It is 7 in wide at top and gets wider towards bottom. Colors are olive green, bronze and pink. Very feminine and perfect for fall
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Home > > > > > > Hearing Care For Children
By MARTIN
Item #9780131247024
Frederick N. Martin is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Moody College of Communication.
View author's profile here.
This is a modern approach to pediatric audiology written by some of the leading authorities in diagnostics and rehabilitation for children with hearing impairments. It is well written, flows smoothly from chapter to chapter, and includes state-of-the-art approaches that are clearly outlined for the novice, yet interesting and helpful to the practicing clinician.
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New Possible SIDS Genes Identified 88
ScienceDaily is reporting that researchers at the Mayo Clinic have identified two more cardiac genes that could contribute to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). From the article: "In the two recent separate studies, researchers examined caveolin-3 (CAV3) and the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and found molecular and functional evidence in both to implicate them as SIDS-susceptibility genes. Researchers examined the tissue of 135 unrelated cases of SIDS -- in infants with an average age of 3 months old -- that had been referred to Mayo Clinic's Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory for molecular autopsy. In each study, two of the 135 cases possessed mutations in either CAV3 or RyR2."


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Casino Mobile in Henderson Corner, Maryland
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Interurban Restaurant
Oklahoma City, OK 73142
Interurban in Oklahoma City offers a wide selection of food to accommodate even the pickiest of eaters. From...Learn More
Interurban in Oklahoma City offers a wide selection of food to accommodate even the pickiest of eaters. From...Learn More
For a refreshing fruit smoothie or a delicious cup of coffee, make Java N Juice your destination in Tulsa. Their hot...Learn More
Stockyards Sarsaparilla is a fun twist on an old time candy store. Stop by to browse soda pop, vintage candy and gifts....Learn More
Stop by the Brown Bag Deli in Oklahoma City for a delicious lunch. Sandwiches made from a variety of meats,...Learn More
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Located in the Brady Arts District of downtown Tulsa, the Hunt Club is a nightlife hot spot with live music every...Learn More
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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Dave Weis <djw...@businessolver.com>
|Re: Poolman and tomcat
|Wed, 09 May 2001 14:32:43 GMT
Randy Layman wrote: > > One common mistake people make is to place the .zip files into the > WEB-INF/lib directory - this doesn't work. Tomcat only picks up the .jar > files. If you rename classesXXX.zip to classesXXX.jar Tomcat should > automatically load the files. > > If this doesn't solve your problem, you need to post the error > either here, or to the PoolMan support. I couldn't get it working outside of tomcat. I do have Oracle working fine without pooling through tomcat though. I sent a message to firstname.lastname@example.com at the beginning of the week but didn't get a response. The error messages are pretty long, should I put them on the web somewhere to look at? Thanks for the help dave -- Dave Weis businessolver, Inc. email@example.com http://www.businessolver.com/
|View raw message


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Dr. Donnermeyer has taught at The Ohio State University for thirty-eight years, where he acquired teaching awards such as the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities 2010 North Central Regional Teaching Award and The Ohio State Alumni Association Award for Distinguished Teaching in 2004. Among his many other accomplishments, he served as the Chair of The Ohio State Academy of Teaching from 2005-2010. His passion for teaching was obvious to me. He said that he tries "to be a combination of Steven Colbert and a student's favorite Grandpa", utilizing humor in the classroom to get students interested in the sociological dimensions of rural societies, which is his most frequently taught class (RS 1500 – Introduction to Rural Sociology). I also asked what advice he would give to students and he gave me this bit of wisdom: "Show up, pay attention, and take notes. Just like one has to do in the business world".
Dr. Donnermeyer not only has a passion for service and teaching, but he is also highly active in numerous domestic and international research activities. He serves as a Research Associate with the Research Center on Violence at West Virginia University. Moreover, Dr. Donnermeyer is the founder and editor of the International Journal of Rural Criminology, as well as the co-founder and co-editor of the Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies.
His enthusiasm for, and dedication to, rural sociology and criminology does not stop at these appointments. He, too, is the co-author, along with the Research Center's Director Dr. Walter DeKeseredy, of Rural Criminology (2014) and editor of the recently released Routledge International Handbook of Rural Criminology. Dr. Donnermeyer has worked closely with our Director, Dr. Walter DeKeseredy for many years. They have shared in the growth of rural criminology, both making extensive contributions to the literature of male-peer support theory, criticisms of social organization theory, and development of a new place-based criminological theory. Currently Dr. Donnermeyer is working on a project on Amish demography with Associate Professors of Sociology Dr. Corey Colyer and Dr. Rachel Stein.
For more information about Dr. Joseph F. Donnermeyer, please
see his website.


text:
Wherever he turns there is discouragement for Silvio Berlusconi, who last season battled ferociously with his Milan team coach Leonardo while Jose Mourinho's Internazionale was winning everything.
The Italian prime minister, already besieged in both the courts and the bedroom, now knows better than anyone that if a day or two in politics can represent a long and harrowing ordeal, the football playpen in which he has invested so heavily over the years can also be quite volatile.
A month or so ago his Milan were 13 points ahead of Inter, whose coach Rafa Benitez was issuing owner Massimo Moratti with his now routine, Plan B ultimatum for either new players or another opulent pink leaving slip.
Moratti must now be quite pleased he chose the second option. Inter, having won their fourth straight Serie A game under new coach Leonardo, on top of a defeat of Genoa in the Coppa Italia, are now only a mere six points behind the leaders, with one game still in hand, but also suggesting that playing football is not some early stint in purgatory.
This was not entirely to the benefit of Leonardo's peace of mind at San Siro this week when some of the authority displayed in a resounding win over fellow scudetto challengers Napoli went missing in the 3-2 defeat of Cesena. However, Inter did produce bursts of attacking football that confirmed the Brazilian's commitment to the kind of expression that wasn't always so pronounced under Mourinho, especially against Barcelona in the Champions League, and became progressively remote under Benitez.
Leonardo, it is true, has benefited from an improvement in Inter's injury problems but at no point, and for the most obvious of reasons that he had a squad that last year won all before them, did he suggest that the club needed a major spending programme. He has been happy to draw from the best of his available resources and the effect has been rather more dramatic than the usual initial impact of a new man on the touchline.
All of this surely comes in support of the argument that while Kenny Dalglish has brought in a truckload of optimism to Anfield, as Leonardo plainly has to the Inter dressing room, it is no good if it cannot be injected into a quorum of players demonstrably fit for purpose.
The Liverpool chairman Tom Werner talks about the need for evolution rather than revolution, Fair enough, but evolution tends to take quite a long time, as Charles Darwin pointed out, and the paramount need at Anfield is undoubtedly enough decently equipped players to send to the barricades not next season but today.
When Leonardo took up the challenge at San Siro he declared, "I still believe in the scudetto. I know 13 points [to make up] is a lot but the championship still has a long way to run." He had the humility, and the good sense, to talk to Mourinho, the creator of Inter's extraordinary achievements last season, and says that one result of the conversation was a deeper understanding of the nature of key players.
Given Dalglish's intense connection with Liverpool, he scarcely requires a primer from Benitez or Roy Hodgson. His need is rather the basic one of all winning coaches, as Leonardo is now proving. It is to get the right response from players of guaranteed quality.
Leonardo inherited a squad of high-achieving players and reacted with respect. If Liverpool and Dalglish are to achieve anything this season, they need such a balance – and a lot faster than you find on any evolutionary scale.
- More about:
- Italian Football
- Jose Mourinho
- Milan
- Silvio Berlusconi


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People dig up random little easter eggs and bugs in old games all the time. What they don't often find are entire side-quests which have somehow remained hidden from view for over a decade.
YouTube user GarlandTheGreat has uploaded a video showing a sidequest present in Final Fantasy IX that, until now, was pretty much unknown outside Japan.
The steps involved in triggering the quest are ridiculous, explaining why - along with a terrible Western strategy guide - it's remained hidden until now, but whatever.


text:
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Once your website files are uploaded to your hosting company they are available on the Internet. Your site is not, however, immediately noticeable to search engines like Google, Yahoo, MSN and others. Periodically, a search engine will send out one of its web robots to visit your site and see what content it has to offer on the web. This is called web spidering. Your site and all its information are up for collection and evaluation. It is therefore critical that every bit of information on your site that you want available, is available to search engines and their crawlers. There are many ways to make your site is "search engine friendly", that is, to make your website attractive to a complete search engine run-through. Since you've invested so much effort in the development and content of your site, you want to be sure to maximize its availability and visibility on the web.
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In many applications, e.g. in cars or unmanned robots, a camera is used to detect depth and map the environment. This becomes possible if the camera movement is considered. This movement has normally strong influence of translation. When the translation is only along the optical axis of the camera, focal of expansion point becomes an important issue. This point is at same position in the two images captured before and after the translation. The goal of the thesis is to study movement of a camera which has strong influence of translation along the optical axis of the camera. Also to find key issues of a methodology to eliminate the effect of other than translation along the optical axis, this can be rotation and other translations.


text:
- Date
- November 2013
- Type
- Concept Car / Exhibition / App
- Client
- Toyota
Toyota's future concept car
for the 2013 motor shows.
for the 2013 motor shows.
We collaborated with Toyota to develop the concept car "FV2" which was debuted at the TOKYO MOTOR SHOW 2013 and then showcased at auto shows around the world. The overall concept was a "car that will grow together with the driver" and all the driver's emotions and biometric data are expressed on LED screens in the car. People were able witness a driving demonstration, interact with the car in real-time, and participate in an online car race through a smartphone app.
- Creative Directors
- Qanta Shimizu (PARTY), Hiroki Nakamura (PARTY)
- Art Director
- Masanori Sakamoto (DELTRO INC.)
- Writer
- Noriaki Onoe (Dentsu)
- Motion Designer
- Keisuke Terashima (PARTY)
- Sound Design
- Tadayuki Ito (MUDECO Worx)
- Designers
- Nobuaki Izumi (Q co., ltd.), Saeka Shoda (DELTRO INC.)
- System Development
- Ken Murayama (DELTRO INC.)
- System Development Assistant
- Shogo Yano (DELTRO INC.)
- Stage Planning
- Yu Nishimuta (Dentsu)
- Account Executive
- Jun Tanaka (PARTY)
- Project Manager
- Eri Kiuchi (PARTY)
- Project Manager
- Tatsuhiko Akutsu (IMG SRC inc.)
- Project Director
- Takeo Moriai (TOYOTA)
- Designers
- Takeshi Doi (TidalWave inc.), Luis Paolino (TidalWave inc.), Tsuyoshi Takagawa (TidalWave inc.), Hajime Baba (PARTY)
- App Development (iOS/Android)
- Kazuhide Takeshita (Gen inc.)
Takeshi Doi (TidalWave inc.)
- Backend System Development
- Yoshiaki Kawazu (ZUN SYSTEM Inc.)
- Director
- Takumi Koyama (Vroooom inc.)
- Cinematographer
- Kazuhisa Maruyama
- Lighting
- Shigeru Saitoh
- Stylist
- Yuuka Akaishi
- Hair-&-Makeup
- Yuki Akagi
- Kei Matsumoto (SHIROGUMI Inc.), Takayuki Ueki (SHIROGUMI Inc.), Tatsuya Hayasaki (SHIROGUMI Inc.), Leona Yonemoto (SHIROGUMI Inc.), Takumi Yamaguchi (SHIROGUMI Inc.)
Tetsuji Hayakawa (Pagoda,LLC)
Motoharu Sawada (Pagoda,LLC)
Shingo Hirata (Pagoda,LLC)
Kazuhiko Ueda (Pagoda,LLC)
Ryoko Yamakawa (Pagoda,LLC)
- Colorist
- Steve Rodriguez (Cutters)
- Filming Support
LOKI inc.
- Producer
- Hiromasa Inoue (SHIROGUMI Inc.)
- Assitant Producer
- Masayo Ono (SHIROGUMI Inc.)
- Technical Director
- Toshiyuki Hashimoto (aircord inc.)
- Assistants
- Masahito Uchino (aircord inc.), Maki Hitomi (aircord inc.)
- Sensor
- Minebea Co., Ltd.
- Designer
- Hiroaki Nishimura (hiroaki nishimura design inc.)
- Product Director
- Masa Kimura (TASKO inc.)
- Product Designer
- Tamio Hayashi (TASKO inc.)
- 3D Designer
- Keita Ichiba (PARTY)


text:
Good Afternoon Montessori Families:
This week, the last week of school, we will be having a
variety of field day activities and the gym will be
occupied - so students will be eating bag lunches.
As they normally do, they will be asked to select their
choice of sandwich each morning in the classroom.
The menu options are:
Ham & cheese sandwich
Turkey & cheese sandwich
Peanut butter and Jelly
You may send a lunch from home.
If you send a lunch from home, please remember to send
a beverage too – you will not be able to purchase one.
Please discuss this with your student so that they know
what to expect for lunches in this coming week.
Thank you and have a great evening.
Parents > Broadcast Calls >


text:
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Cake pop shelf life from dispatch: 14 days
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text:
Top Message
The global economy continued to expand steadily albeit gradually, led by the United States and other developed countries, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 (fiscal 2015). Meanwhile, China and other emerging economies slowed. Although Japan's economy continued to improve at a gingerly pace, the outlook is cloudy due to volatility in exchange rates and stock prices at the beginning of the year. Amid this environment, Resorttrust successfully developed large-scale facilities in fi scal 2015. With the opening of XIV Toba Bettei, the deferred revenue from the real estate portion of memberships was booked. In non-operating income, however,we did not record a gain on foreign exchange as in the previous fiscal year. Consolidated net sales amounted to \142,249 million, up 18.1% from the previous year. Operating income increased 16.2%, to \18,640 million, and ordinary income fell 3.8%, to \19,439 million. Net income attributable to owners of the parent (formerly net income) climbed 10.1%, to \13,044 million.
Aiming for Sustained Growth alongside Society
The Medium-term Management Plan is proceeding smoothly overall. Based on a detailed concept, we developed a facility that successfully responds to growing member needs. Although we set the lofty goal of doubling profi t by the fi fth and fi nal year of the plan, we greatly exceeded our performance targets for the third year.
Membership sales are proceeding apace for XIV Toba Bettei, (opened March 2016), XIV Yugawara Rikyu (set to open March 2017), and XIV Rokko Sanctuary Villa (set to open April 2018). Membership sales are better than expected for the second Baycourt Club brand facility, Ashiya Baycourt Club Hotel & Spa Resort (set to open February 2018). In the medical business, diagnostic services began at HIMEDIC Tokyo Bay in December 2015. In 2016, HIMEDIC Kyoto University Hospital and HIMEDIC Nagoya began diagnostic services, expanding the number of plans to seven, increasing locations to eight and accelerating growth.
In the overseas business, The Kahala Hotel & Resort in Hawaii, acquired in 2014, recorded full-year sales in fi scal 2015, and sales remain very strong. We are still considering developing a facility for week-long stays and possibly a new membership system. We are promoting new business expansion through our subsidiary, established in China in 2015, which provides consulting for medical membership sales and diagnostics. We are considering the start of medical tours to Japan. Going forward, we will continue to leverage our knowhow and No. 1 share of the domestic membership resort club market to cultivate new markets, including those overseas.
Resorttrust was established with the aim of providing fulfilling lifestyles through the leisure industry. Although the value of spending leisure time meaningfully is now widely accepted, we need to respond to people's broadening desires. We have been turning this shift in values into a business opportunity to grow. As our business grows, we will provide value to society, foster a leisure culture, provide more enriching senior lifestyles, extend healthy life expectancy, and create diverse employment opportunities with a focus on work-life balance. Going forward, we will continue to develop alongside society through our business activities.
As we have for many years, we would again sincerely like to ask shareholders and all other investors to continue offering their guidance and support going forward.
June 2016


text:
High school football just went gothic. After Marcellus High's junior varsity squad lost a game, head coach Jim Marsh ordered the team bus to stop at a local cemetery. Exactly what happened next is still subject to dispute, but some are claiming Marsh used this visit to the abode of the dead as the backdrop [Read More…]
Beware the Coach with An Artistic Temperament
September 29, 2011 by Leave a Comment


text:
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text:
Sir Alex Ferguson is understood to be harbouring concerns about Manchester United's over-reliance on Wayne Rooney, with his feeling that his side are a shadow of themselves without him, making the prospect of signing a new striker this summer more likely.
Rooney's witty and accomplished acceptance of the Football Writers' Association player of the year award on Thursday night included his disclosure that his manager had asked him to get on the end of more balls played into the box. "I said 'OK', so you want me to get on the end of my own crosses," Rooney said. He – and his manager, sitting just over the 24-year-old's left shoulder – both grinned. But it is actually a serious point because Rooney has been relied on by United to provide and finish too often this season.
"If you look at the team in 1999 that won the Treble we had four forwards, all capable of scoring goals," Rooney said recently. "If we can get one more top forward in it would give us the right balance."
Rooney's acceptance speech took the form of a question-and-answer session, in which he provided the most insight yet into how he feels Cristiano Ronaldo's departure last summer has helped him. "It's been different," he said. "Ronaldo scored all those goals but when you are a centre forward in the box it's hard to play with. When he does put it [the ball] in you are not running any more."
Rooney declared two weeks ago that Antonio Valencia is the player with whom he most likes to operate and he agreed on Thursday that he is receiving better service this year than last.
His unfettered energy for the game is infectious to all who observe it, his discussion also touching on his propensity for watching his brothers, cousins and friends play Sunday League football in Liverpool – "the last game I went to watch there were 30 police cars there. If it wasn't for Manchester United I would be there" – and his manager's claims that Rooney would play in goal if he let him. "I'm not bad. I'm certainly better than a few I've seen this season."
Ferguson smiled at that one too, though the 10-minute session hosted by Sky's Jeff Stelling, drifted into realms which the United manager did not take kindly to and by the end he had taken his spectacles off and was leaning forward, hissing "Jeff, Jeff, that's enough" as Rooney provided his responses.
Ferguson is understood to have been particularly disgruntled by what he felt was "headline seeking" on Sky's part when Rooney was asked about Paul Scholes' decision not to come out of international retirement and play for England at the World Cup.
United's task is to find a forward who can supplement Rooney and enable him to maintain the central role he told Ferguson last summer he would flourish in. But before that, South Africa. Rooney insisted there need not be fears about his groin injury after he effectively substituted himself against Stoke last weekend. "The manager substituted me as well," he added, not casting a glance at his manager during another wry joke at his expense.
- More about:
- Cristiano Ronaldo
- Eyes
- Sir Alex Ferguson
- Wayne Rooney


text:
HOLT | U.S. Army Specialist Grady L. Stewart Jr. sits on a couch with the sounds of home swirling around in the background as he recounts what life was like for him in Iraq.
As he talks, his mother Rosa Bush-Deer is cooking in the kitchen, and his stepfather, Bennie, is nearby making sure he doesn't leave anything out.
"Make sure you tell her about the Jessica Lynch incident," Bennie Deer said.
Stewart, a 22-year-old Holt High School graduate, recently returned home from Iraq to visit with his family before he heads to jump school in Fort Benning, Ga.
"I'll get to the Jessica Lynch thing so my daddy will let me talk," he said with a laugh.
He and Pvt. 1st Class Jessica Lynch have a connection, albeit a distant one since he's never met her.
Stewart is a light-wheel vehicle mechanic with the 3rd Brigade 2nd Battalion 187th Infantry Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division out of Fort Campbell, Ky.
He said his battalion was following Lynch's unit, the 507th Maintenance Company, before it took a detour.
"My battalion turned left, but they kept straight," he said. "I don't know what happened to them. Later, someone came back and told us that we had POWs. And I remember thinking, 'It's too early in the game for this.' "
Making that left turn saved Stewart's battalion from the fate that Lynch and her fellow soldiers in the 507th met when they were ambushed in Nasiriyah.
Stewart admits that he's been lucky in his three years as a soldier. He's been to conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq and has come back unscathed.
But he said he wasn't afraid of being attacked.
"There's nothing to be afraid of because we have these perimeters set up around us," he said. "Now if they break through that first barrier, then that might be the time you want to wet yourself."
However, his mother wasn't as convinced about her son's safety in a war zone, no matter how many barriers were between him and his enemies.
"I missed him so much," Bush-Deer said.
"For the first three weeks he was gone all I did was cry, but I knew the Lord would take care of him."
So she did what most mothers would do.
She sent as many care packages filled with American snacks as she could and put him on the prayer list at their church, St. Paul Baptist Church in Tuscaloosa.
"I sent messages through the Red Cross, sent e-mails and wrote letters as much as I could," she said. "Communicating through the e-mail really helped me a lot."
Deer, who ironically was also a member of the 101st Airborne about 30 years ago and is a musician, added the gift of music to those care packages.
"My music kept a lot of him and his friends together out there," he said. "I was so proud that from listening to my tapes he had graduated from that rap music.
"When he told he that he was listening to Billie Holiday I said, 'Thank goodness.' "
Stewart said having the support of his family and his church was one of the best morale boosters a soldier can get.
"It feels good to know that you have people behind you at home supporting you," he said. "It eases us to know that people support us and think about us."
Stewart said he doesn't know if he'll have to return to Iraq. But if he does, he'll be ready.
"If I have to go back, then I just have to go back," he said.
Reach Markeshia Ricks at email@example.com or 722-0209.


text:
Return to index: [Subject] [Thread] [Date] [Author]
Tall poles[Subject Prev][Subject Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next]
- To: seaint(--nospam--at)seaint.org, "'seaint(--nospam--at)seaint.org'" <seaint(--nospam--at)seaint.org>
- Subject: Tall poles
- From: Neil Moore <nmoore(--nospam--at)innercite.com>
- Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2000 07:24:13 -0700
Table 1.2.5.B Coefficient of Height (Ch) of the AASHTO specification for HIghway Signs, etc. provides values to a height of 299 feet. Is there a basic formula for this Table? I'm looking for values, at this time, for a pole type structure up to 400 feet. EIA has a Kz term, but this apparently doesn't coincide with Table 1.2.5. From "Tubular Steel Structures", the Ce varies from 1.00 at 40 feet to 2.0 for 1200 feet (in Canada). Any guidance will be appreciated. Neil Moore, S.E. ******* ****** ******* ******** ******* ******* ******* *** * Read list FAQ at: http://www.seaint.org/list_FAQ.asp * This email was sent to you via Structural Engineers * Association of Southern California (SEAOSC) server. To * subscribe (no fee) to the list, send email to * admin(--nospam--at)seaint.org and in the body of the message type * "join seaint" (no quotes). To Unsubscribe, send email * to admin(--nospam--at)seaint.org and in the body of the message * type "leave seaint" (no quotes). For questions, send * email to seaint-ad(--nospam--at)seaint.org. Remember, any email you * send to the list is public domain and may be re-posted * without your permission. Make sure you visit our web * site at: http://www.seaint.org ******* ****** ****** ****** ******* ****** ****** ********
- References:
- RE: Steel Tanks and API-650
- From: Scott, William N.
- RE: Steel Tanks and API-650
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text:
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text:
The premier global event for marketers is coming to Toronto. Join the world's top marketers April 27, 2017. Visit the Microsite for more details, including event location and speakers list.
It's time for the industry to acknowledge consumers' displeasure roll up our sleeves to deliver better ads, says the WFA's Axel Debry. Read more.
On this day: ACA was incorporated as an association. Here's to the next 100 years! Read more
April 27
Global Marketer Conference
May 4
Webinar: The 3 Trends Shaping Retail In Canada
May 25
Power Course: How To Optimize Your Website And Data To Maximize Your Digital Campaigns' ROI
The ACA offers its members a suite of 'best practices' publications and proprietary research that span the
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text:
Monday 29 January 1900
It was Monday, under the sign of Aquarius. The US president was William McKinley (Republican).
Fight Between a Lion and a Bull, directed by , was one of the most viewed movies released in 1900
But much more happened that day: find out below..
Or have a look at the whole 1900.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 29 January 1900 and get them!
Which were the most popular movies released in the last 30 days ?
Find out your future
Get a FREE Numerology report based on the digits of 29 January 1900!
Wish him/her..
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 29 January 1900 ?
Famous Birthdays:
- Willem F K Hussem: Dutch painter / poet (Coastline, Lookout on Sea).
- Marco Tajcevic: composer.
- The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, also known as the American League, is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with eight founding teams in Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis.
- Boers under Joubert beat English at Spionkop Natal, 2,000 killed.
Music Charts
Which were the top hits in that special week of January 1900 ?
Top #1 songs in the USA
- The Old Folks at Home - Vess Ossman
Search For Your Ancestors
Subscribe to our Newsletter
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...and if 29 January 1900 was your Birth Date then Join our Birthday Club!
Make this date unforgettable
CD and DVD Birthday Cards
Magazine Covers
What news were making the headlines those days in January 1900?
Which were the most popular books released in the last weeks ?


text:
Suites Torre Dell'Orologio Venice
San Marco 288, Venice, Italy
The luxury Torre Dell\'Orologio Suites is a 4-star property within proximity of Dorsoduro, Dali Universe and Cannaregio.
Torre Dell\'Orologio Suites is 10 minutes' walk from the center of Venice. Grand Canal, Palazzo Ducale and San Teodoro are located 50 meters from the hotel.
All rooms in Torre Dell\'Orologio Suites are fitted with individual climate control, TV with satellite channels, coffee/tea makers, a CD player and IDD telephone.
The hotel lies within a 10-minute walk of Palazzo Grassi train station. A short drive from Marco Polo airport.
- Free Wi-Fi
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- Dinner
- Car Rental
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San Marco 288, Venice, Italy
All rooms in Torre Dell\'Orologio Suites are fitted with individual climate control, TV with satellite channels, coffee/tea makers, a CD player and IDD telephone.
Please, select dates to see available rooms.
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Suites Torre Dell'Orologio
San Marco 288, Venice, Italy
What's nearby
- Local attractions
- Saint Mark's Basilica (Basilica di San Marco)100 m
- St. Mark's Square (Piazza San Marco)150 m
- Chiesa di San Zulian50 m
- Palazzo Ducale150 m
- Murano glass d'este50 m
- Ateneo di San Basso100 m
- Campanile di San Marco150 m
- palais des doges100 m
- Piazza San Marco100 m
- Basilica di San Marco100 m
- Monumento a Daniele Manin100 m
- Dogenpalast und San Marco100 m
- l´orologio100 m
- Airports
- Marco Polo8.0 km
- Train stations
- Venice Santa Lucia Train Station1.6 km


text:
Ventana Research recently released the results of our Next-Generation Business Planning benchmark research. Business planning encompasses all of the forward-looking activities in which companies routinely engage. The research examined 11 of the most common types of enterprise planning: capital, demand, marketing, project, sales and operations, strategic, supply chain and workforce planning, as well as sales forecasting and corporate and IT budgeting. We also aggregated the results to draw general conclusions.
Topics: Big Data, Planning, Predictive Analytics, Sales, Sales Performance, Social Media, Supply Chain Performance, forecasting, Marketing, Reporting, Budgeting, Controller, sales forecast, strategic, workforce, Customer Performance, Operational Performance, Business Analytics, Business Performance, Cloud Computing, Financial Performance, In-memory, Workforce Performance, CFO, Supply Chain, capital spending, demand, Financial Performance Management, financial reporting, FPM, Integrated Business Planning, S&OP, spreadsheet
Business planning includes all of the forward-looking activities in which companies routinely engage. Companies do a great deal of planning. They plan sales and determine what and how they will produce products or deliver services. They plan the head count they'll need and how to organize distribution and their supply chain. They also produce a budget, which is a financial plan. The purpose of planning is to be successful. Planning is defined as the process of creating a detailed formulation of a program of action to achieve some overall objective. But it's more than that. The process of planning involves discussions about objectives and the resources and tactics that people need to achieve them. When it's done right, planning is the best way to get everyone onto the same page to ensure that the company is well organized in executing strategy. Setting and to a greater degree changing the company's course require coordination. Being well coordinated in this case means being able to understanding the impact of the policies and actions in your part of the company on the rest of the company.
Topics: Big Data, Planning, Predictive Analytics, Sales Performance, Supply Chain Performance, Human Capital, Marketing, Reporting, Sales Forecasting, Budgeting, plan, strategic, Operational Performance, Analytics, Business Analytics, Business Collaboration, Business Performance, Customer & Contact Center, Financial Performance, Business Planning, Supply Chain, Demand Planning, Integrated Business Planning, Project Planning, S&OP
This is the beginning of the season when companies that are on a calendar year begin their strategic and long-term planning. Ventana Research performed an extensive investigation in this area with our long-range planning benchmark research. Strategic and long-range planning is a process and discipline that companies use to determine the best strategy for succeeding in the markets they serve and then ensure they have the capabilities and resources needed to support their strategic objectives.
Topics: Master Data Management, Performance Management, Planning, Sales Performance, Supply Chain Performance, forecasting, Reporting, Budgeting, dashboard, long-range planning, strategic, strategy, Operational Performance, Business Performance, Customer & Contact Center, Financial Performance, Workforce Performance, CFO, Data, BI, CEO, Financial Performance Management, FPM, scorecard
The business/IT divide is a barrier that prevents most companies from achieving their true performance potential. The divide has remained a constant impediment since the dawn of business computing six decades ago. It's not necessary for a CEO of a company to be able to write Java code or master the intricacies of an ERP or sales compensation application. However, that CEO must master the basics of IT just as he must understand basic corporate finance, the production process and – at least at a high level – the technologies that support that process. Only a handful of business schools give prospective MBAs a good grounding in the practical elements of information technology or preach the necessity of mastering an understanding of IT as they would, say, the efficient market hypothesis.
Topics: Big Data, Performance Management, Sales Performance, Supply Chain Performance, competition, executive, strategic, strategy, Operational Performance, Business Performance, CIO, Cloud, Customer & Contact Center, Financial Performance, In-memory, Workforce Performance, CFO, IT, CEO, FPM