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Aspiration pneumonia in children: an iconographic essay.
de Oliveira, Gabriel Antonio; Pessanha, Laís Bastos; Guerra, Luiz Felipe Alves; Martins, Diego Lima Nava; Rondina, Ronaldo Garcia; Silva, Jamine Ronacher Passos
In most cases of aspiration pneumonia in children, the disease is specific to this age group. Clinical and radiological correlation is essential for the diagnosis. The present pictorial essay is aimed at showing typical images of the most common etiologies.
Aspiration pneumonia in children: an iconographic essay*
de Oliveira, Gabriel Antonio; Pessanha, Laís Bastos; Guerra, Luiz Felipe Alves; Martins, Diego Lima Nava; Rondina, Ronaldo Garcia; Silva, Jamine Ronacher Passos
In most cases of aspiration pneumonia in children, the disease is specific to this age group. Clinical and radiological correlation is essential for the diagnosis. The present pictorial essay is aimed at showing typical images of the most common etiologies. PMID:26811557
Toxic and metabolic encephalopathies: iconographic essay.
Bimbato, Eric Mendonça; Carvalho, Amanda Gontijo; Reis, Fabiano
Generally, toxic-metabolic diseases affecting the central nervous system can hardly be differentiated just on the basis of their clinical presentation. However, some typical neuroradiological features can guide the correct diagnosis. In this context, magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool which, in association with clinical and laboratory data, can establish an early and specific treatment. The present pictorial essay with selected cases from the archives of the authors' institution describes imaging findings which might help in the etiologic diagnosis of toxic-metabolic diseases.
Intraventricular mass lesions at magnetic resonance imaging: iconographic essay - part 2*
de Castro, Felipe Damásio; Reis, Fabiano; Guerra, José Guilherme Giocondo
The present essay is illustrated with magnetic resonance images obtained at the authors' institution over the past 15 years and discusses the main imaging findings of intraventricular tumor-like lesions (colloid cyst, oligodendroglioma, astroblastoma, lipoma, cavernoma) and of inflammatory/infectious lesions (neurocysticercosis and an atypical presentation of neurohistoplasmosis). Such lesions represent a subgroup of intracranial lesions with unique characteristics and some imaging patterns that may facilitate the differential diagnosis. PMID:25741092
Intraventricular mass lesions at magnetic resonance imaging: iconographic essay - part 1*
de Castro, Felipe Damásio; Reis, Fabiano; Guerra, José Guilherme Giocondo
The present essay is illustrated with magnetic resonance images obtained at the authors' institution over the past 15 years and discusses the main imaging findings of intraventricular tumor-like lesions (ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, central neurocytoma, ganglioglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, meningioma, epidermoid tumor). Such lesions represent a subgroup of intracranial lesions with unique characteristics and some image patterns that may facilitate the differential diagnosis. PMID:25741075
Uncommon hepatic tumors: iconographic essay - Part 1*
Pedrassa, Bruno Cheregati; da Rocha, Eduardo Lima; Kierszenbaum, Marcelo Longo; Bormann, Renata Lilian; Torres, Lucas Rios; D'Ippolito, Giuseppe
Most malignant liver tumors are represented by hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma; however a variety of other uncommon hepatic lesions might also be found. Common lesions such as hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia and metastases are well known and have already been extensively documented in the literature. The diagnosis of typical hepatic lesions may be done with some reliability by means of several imaging methods; on the other hand, uncommon lesions normally represent a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. In this first part of the study, the authors will approach five uncommon liver tumors - angiosarcoma, angiomyolipoma, cystadenoma/biliary carcinoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma -, describing their main characteristics and image findings with focus on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. PMID:25741106
[Techniques of iconographic documentation].
Motta, G; Valentino, G; Di Lorenzo, G
The Authors describe modalities of photography and videorecording that should be used in stapes surgery and report the solutions they adopted to get iconographic documentation of high quality standard. As regards videorecording systems, the authors used both S-VHS and U-Matic equipment; with both types high fidelity shootings are obtained in the active documentation of each phase of the operation. Moreover, U-Matic master copying guarantees a final copy of higher quality. Technical difficulties that the authors met in videorecording are connected to the restricted field of view, limited by the speculum, which may itself cause dazzling phenomena or light refraction. A 2/3 inch CCD Sony camera, with a modified ELC(Electronic Light Control), was used to get round these problems, so as to eliminate the reflection of surgical instruments. In order to build up a photographic archive, it is also possible to get slides from single pictures of the recorded tapes, although their definition quality is lower than the one obtained foff photos; these, however, must be taken with reference to precise optical parameters and in particular: for shooting view pictures low enlargements (1,6x) were used with an intermediate aperture (f44), while, to better visualize details(footplate hole, stapedial tendon), it was considered right to u se restricted frames (2,5x) and a low aperture (f22). Such a technical solution, in fact, gives a better relation between depth of field and brightness. Finally the Authors underline that the constant use of the intraoperative videorecording system allows: greater participation of every member of the team in the operation; a delayed critical revision of th e operation; medico-legal documentation of possible intraoperative complications; iconographic material available both for scientific and didactic purposes.
[Techniques of iconographic documentation].
Motta, G; Valentino, G; Di Lorenzo, G
The Authors describe modalities of photography and videorecording that should be used in stapes surgery and report the solutions they adopted to get iconographic documentation of high quality standard. As regards videorecording systems, the authors used both S-VHS and U-Matic equipment; with both types high fidelity shootings are obtained in the active documentation of each phase of the operation. Moreover, U-Matic master copying guarantees a final copy of higher quality. Technical difficulties that the authors met in videorecording are connected to the restricted field of view, limited by the speculum, which may itself cause dazzling phenomena or light refraction. A 2/3 inch CCD Sony camera, with a modified ELC(Electronic Light Control), was used to get round these problems, so as to eliminate the reflection of surgical instruments. In order to build up a photographic archive, it is also possible to get slides from single pictures of the recorded tapes, although their definition quality is lower than the one obtained foff photos; these, however, must be taken with reference to precise optical parameters and in particular: for shooting view pictures low enlargements (1,6x) were used with an intermediate aperture (f44), while, to better visualize details(footplate hole, stapedial tendon), it was considered right to u se restricted frames (2,5x) and a low aperture (f22). Such a technical solution, in fact, gives a better relation between depth of field and brightness. Finally the Authors underline that the constant use of the intraoperative videorecording system allows: greater participation of every member of the team in the operation; a delayed critical revision of th e operation; medico-legal documentation of possible intraoperative complications; iconographic material available both for scientific and didactic purposes. PMID:8928672
Valuing Essays: Essaying Values
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Badley, Graham
The essay regularly comes under attack. It is criticised for being rigidly linear rather than flexible and reflective. I first challenge this view by examining reasons why the essay should be valued as an important genre. Secondly, I propose that in using the essay form students and academics necessarily exemplify their own critical values. Essays…
Iconographic Professional Interests Inventory (3IP): A New Validation Study
Boerchi, Diego; Magnano, Paola
Interests have been a central focus of counselling psychology (and vocational psychology in particular) for over 100 years. The awareness of professional interests increases self-knowledge and provides occupational information. In career counselling, vocational interests are assessed more frequently than any other vocational construct, though early evaluations (before 13 years old) of professional interests are very rare. The aim of this research is to examine the 3IP construct (Iconographic Professional Interests Inventory; an inventory composed of 65 stylised pictures that represent people in the act of performing a job) in depth, testing more models in addition to the 19 vocational areas proposed in the 3IP manual. Results show that most of the vocational areas can be grouped into 4 second-level areas ("things", "people", "leisure", and "culture"). Moreover, Holland's RIASEC model is tested; an accurate selection of items reveals that this model works well using 24 specific jobs. The research concludes that the inventory has good psychometric qualities which can grow further by mean of the increasing, in a targeted way, of the number of jobs. PMID:27247679
The Formula Essay Reconsidered
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Haluska, Jan
Bruce Pirie offers the following criticism about formula essays: "What does a five-paragraph essay teach about writing? It teaches that there are rules, and that those rules take the shape of a preordained form, like a cookie-cutter, into which we can pour ideas and expect them to come out well shaped." He goes on to discredit such essays as being…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sommer, Robert; Sommer, Barbara A.
Surveys in 2 undergraduate psychology classes (N = 86) found that students felt less comfortable taking all-essay tests than taking multiple-choice or short-answer tests. The dominant examination format for students in university and in high school had been multiple-choice tests. We describe measures to encourage essay writing in large classes.…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Long, Thomas E., Ed.
The monograph presents a series of essays written by well known educators sharing their perceptions, problems, and projects and documenting some of the practical, philosophical, situational, and theoretical aspects of career education. The essays include: The Case for Career Education, by Kenneth B. Hoyt; Basic Constructs of the School-Based…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dikli, Semire
The impacts of computers on writing have been widely studied for three decades. Even basic computers functions, i.e. word processing, have been of great assistance to writers in modifying their essays. The research on Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has revealed that computers have the capacity to function as a more effective cognitive tool (Attali,…
Improving Achievement Via Essay Exams.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Milton, Ohmer
The benefits of using essay tests rather than objective tests in professional education programs are discussed. Essay tests offer practice in writing, creativity and formal communications. Guidelines for using and scoring a sample essay test in biology are presented. (BH)
Achondroplasia among ancient populations of mesoamerica and South America: Iconographic and Archaeological Evidence.
Isaza, Carolina; Pachajoa, Harry
Introduction: Achondroplasia is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, genu varum, and trident hand. Although the etiology of this disease was reported in 1994, evidence of this disease in ancient populations has been found in populations of ancient Egypt (2500 BC) and it has been documented in ancient American populations. Objective: To analyze the presence of individuals with achondroplasia in the Mayan state society of Mexico and Guatemala, during the Classical (100- 950 AC ) and Post-Classical (950 - 1519 AC ) periods; likewise, in the hierarchical-chieftain society of Tumaco-la Tolita (300 BC - 600 AC ) from the Colombia-Ecuador Pacific coast, and the Moche state society (100 - 600 AC ) from the northern coast of Peru. Methods: Iconographic and clinical-morphological studies of some of the most important artistic representations of individuals of short stature in these three cultures. Conclusion: We present the hypothesis that the individuals with short stature were somehow associated with the political and religious power elite. PMID:24893194
Organizational Climates: An Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schneider, Benjamin
The purposes of this essay are to (a) present some evidence about the importance of the climate concept as an aid in understanding employee behavior in work organizations and (b) provide a framework for guiding future climate research. (Author)
Essays on Character & Opportunity
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Center on Children and Families at Brookings, 2014
These essays provide richer set of writings on the philosophical, empirical and practical issues raised by a focus on character, and in particular its relationship to questions of opportunity. Each one is an intellectual pemmican: sharp and to the point. Two scholars draw attention to the gendered nature of character formation (Segal and Lexmond);…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Zawacki, Terry Myers
The personal essay does not rely on the straight, even rows of a carefully laid out vegetable garden, on strings pulled tight to connect beginnings to ends. Instead it meanders, pulls from here and there, thinks out loud, asks questions, and proceeds leisurely through disconnections to make connections, as an ever-changing flower garden in which…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Keeshan, Bob
In this essay, the star of "Captain Kangaroo" points out that more than 20 percent of America's children live below the poverty line. School boards, administrators, and teachers need to make a commitment to address the needs of the whole child. Schools have an opportunity to play a critical role in saving our children. (MLF)
Rethinking the Argumentative Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schneer, David
This article investigates the construction of the argumentative essay as it is commonly presented in academic writing textbooks and classrooms for English language learners. The author first examines the traditional three-stage structure (thesis-argument-conclusion) and then problematizes it within a genre-based approach to academic writing. He…
AWK: Codes in Grading Essays: Making Essays More "Objective."
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Borja, Francisco; Spader, Peter H.
Essays and essay tests need to be a central feature of every class. Informing students about what is inadequate in their essays and counseling them on how to improve seem to be impossible, time-consuming tasks. The use of codes or abbreviations is described. (MLW)
Education Essays: Thoughts on Teaching.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Inoue, Yukiko
This paper consists of seven short essays concerning teaching in general and college teaching in particular. Then first five essays were published in "APA Perspective," a newsletter of the National Association for Asian and Pacific Islander Education, and were revised for this paper. The final two essays are new. The titles are: (1) "Improving…
Jefferis, R.H. Jr.
The first essay examines the extent to which the speculative storage of a commodity may serve as insurance against the effects of the shortfalls in supply. It addresses the issue of whether the profit maximizing speculative storage effects allocations that are Pareto efficient. Results indicate that under a wide variety of circumstances the storage decision of individual speculators, based on price signals received from competitive markets, results in allocations that are not even constrained Pareto efficient. The second essay is concerned with natural gas prices. The organization of the natural gas market differs significantly from the paradigm of exchange in a sequence of spot markets. An elaborate system of long term contracts governs the production and transportation of the commodity. The contracts have become a subject of interest because of the effect that they exert on the price of natural gas and because of widespread abrogation of contracts in the gas industry.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Davies, Tim
This dissertation consists of three essays in applied microeconomics. Each essay explores a different issue of economic interest. The essay in Chapter 2 describes an experiment designed to investigate if using assets with an intrinsic value that increases over time leads to persistent undervaluation in laboratory asset trading markets. This question has not previously been investigated by researchers. Results from ten sessions are reported. Three used assets with an intrinsic value that decreased over time. The results from these sessions are consistent with the findings by prior researchers who frequently observed price bubbles in laboratory asset trading experiments. The remaining seven sessions used assets with an intrinsic value that increased over time. In all these sessions trading generally occurred at prices below the asset's intrinsic value. In Chapter 3, in an essay co-authored with Adrian Stoian, we study road running races. Tournaments, where ordinal position determines rewards, are an important component of our economy. By studying sporting tournaments, we hope to shed light on the nature of other economically significant tournaments where data may be less readily available. We separately quantify the sorting and incentive effects of tournament prizes by employing a novel two-part model which we apply to a unique data set of road running race results. We present a counterfactual example of how a hypothetical change in prizes would be predicted to change race participation and speed. In Chapter 4, in an essay co-authored with Jedidiah Brewer and Joseph Cullen, we examine the combined effects of the locations and the brands of retail gasoline outlets in Tucson, Arizona on market prices. We apply an innovative approach to model the impact of competing gas stations that avoids limiting analysis to predetermined nearby locations. We show that increased brand diversity is associated with higher prices and that gas stations affiliated with mass
Three Essays on Macroeconomics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Doda, Lider Baran
This dissertation consists of three independent essays in macroeconomics. The first essay studies the transition to a low carbon economy using an extension of the neoclassical growth model featuring endogenous energy efficiency, exhaustible energy and explicit climate-economy interaction. I derive the properties of the laissez faire equilibrium and compare them to the optimal allocations of a social planner who internalizes the climate change externality. Three main results emerge. First, the exhaustibility of energy generates strong market based incentives to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO 2 emissions without any government intervention. Second, the market and optimal allocations are substantially different suggesting a role for the government. Third, high and persistent taxes are required to implement the optimal allocations as a competitive equilibrium with taxes. The second essay focuses on coal fired power plants (CFPP) - one of the largest sources of CO2 emissions globally - and their generation efficiency using a macroeconomic model with an embedded CFPP sector. A key feature of the model is the endogenous choice of production technologies which differ in their energy efficiency. After establishing four empirical facts about the CFPP sector, I analyze the long run quantitative effects of energy taxes. Using the calibrated model, I find that sector-specific coal taxes have large effects on generation efficiency by inducing the use of more efficient technologies. Moreover, such taxes achieve large CO2 emissions reductions with relatively small effects on consumption and output. The final essay studies the procyclicality of fiscal policy in developing countries, which is a well-documented empirical observation seemingly at odds with Neoclassical and Keynesian policy prescriptions. I examine this issue by solving the optimal fiscal policy problem of a small open economy government when the interest rates on external debt are endogenous. Given an
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arano, Kathleen
Three independent studies in applied economics are presented. The first essay looks at the US natural gas industrial sector and estimates welfare effects associated with the changes in natural gas regulatory policy over the past three decades. Using a disequilibrium model suited to the natural gas industry, welfare transfers and deadweight losses are calculated. Results indicate that deregulation policies, beginning with the NGPA of 1978, have caused the industry to become more responsive to market conditions. Over time, regulated prices converge toward the estimated equilibrium prices. As a result of this convergence, deadweight losses associated with regulation are also diminished. The second essay examines the discounted utility model (DU), the standard model used for intertemporal decision-making. Prior empirical studies challenge the descriptive validity of the model. This essay addresses the four main inconsistencies that have been raised: domain dependence, magnitude effects, time effects, and gain/loss asymmetries. These inconsistencies, however, may be the result of the implicit assumption of linear utility and not a failure of the DU model itself. In order to test this hypothesis, data was collected from in-class surveys of economics classes at Mississippi State University. A random effects model for panel data estimation which accounts for individual specific effects was then used to impute discount rates measured in terms of dollars and utility. All four inconsistencies were found to be present when the dollar measures were used. Using utility measures of the discount rate resolved the inconsistencies in some cases. The third essay brings together two perspectives in the study of religion and economics: modeling religious behavior using economic tools and variables, and modeling economic behavior using religious variables. A system of ordered probit equations is developed to simultaneously model religious activities and economic outcomes. Using data
Gill, T.C.
Revolutionary developments in Europe and their global reverberations since 1989 have affected certain aspects of our national strategy. This volume presents nine essays dealing imaginatively with the issues of the post-Cold War period. One of them addresses general US strategy for the 1990s. Three focus on high-level strategic matters: the future of flexible response, antisatellite weapons, and forward, mobile defenses. The others address US chemical weapons policy, use of civilian aircraft for defense airlift, neutrality of the Panama Canal after 1999, arms sales by China, and strategic defense at reduced cost.
Pleural ultrasonography. Pictorial essay.
Chira, Romeo; Chira, Alexandra; Mânzat Săplăcan, Roberta; Nagy, Georgiana; Binţinţan, Adriana; Mircea, Petru Adrian
Pleural ultrasonography (US) represents nowadays a useful diagnostic tool in the management of pleural diseases. Detection and evaluation of pleural effusions, pneumothorax and pleural-based lesions can be performed with US, which has the advantages of wide availability, low cost, absence of radiation exposure, and portability. It is the best method for guiding interventional procedures in the pleural space. It has also limitations, due to the interposition of bony parts of the thorax, subcutaneous emphysema and inability to visualize the mediastinal pleura. US of the thorax is an operator dependent technique demanding an experienced operator in order to obtain reliable results. This pictorial essay presents various ultrasound findings of the diseases which concern the pleura.
Essays in applied microeconomics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Davis, Lucas William
The first essay measures the impact of an outbreak of pediatric leukemia on local housing values. A model of residential location choice is used to describe conditions under which the gradient of the hedonic price function with respect to health risk is equal to household marginal willingness to pay to avoid pediatric leukemia risk. This equalizing differential is estimated using property-level sales records from a county in Nevada where residents have recently experienced a severe increase in pediatric leukemia. Housing values are compared before and after the increase with a nearby county acting as a control group. The results indicate that housing values decreased 15.6% during the period of maximum risk. Results are similar for alternative measures of risk and across houses of different sizes. With risk estimates derived using a Bayesian learning model the results imply a statistical value of pediatric leukemia of $5.6 million. The results from the paper provide some of the first market-based estimates of the value of health for children. The second essay evaluates the cost-effectiveness of public incentives that encourage households to purchase high-efficiency durable goods. The demand for durable goods and the demand for energy and other inputs are modeled jointly as the solution to a household production problem. The empirical analysis focuses on the case of clothes washers. The production technology and utilization decision are estimated using household-level data from field trials in which participants received front-loading clothes washers free of charge. The estimation strategy exploits this quasi-random replacement of washers to derive robust estimates of the utilization decision. The results indicate a price elasticity, -.06, that is statistically different from zero across specifications. The parameters from the utilization decision are used to estimate the purchase decision using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, 1994-2002. Households
[Malthus's Essay and Newton's Principia].
Nakanishi, Y
The author examines a natural scientific approach to demography using the example of Malthus's "Essay on the Principle of Population." The work is analyzed and compared to Newton's "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica."
Writing Essays That Make Historical Arguments.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Karras, Ray W.
Contends that teachers assign essay writing to help students improve their critical thinking skills. Discusses six criteria of a well-written history essay. Includes a five-essay assignment strategy, designed to be implemented over the course of an academic year, to help students improve essay research and writing. (CFR)
Essays in Applied Microeconomics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ge, Qi
This dissertation consists of three self-contained applied microeconomics essays on topics related to behavioral economics and industrial organization. Chapter 1 studies how sentiment as a result of sports event outcomes affects consumers' tipping behavior in the presence of social norms. I formulate a model of tipping behavior that captures consumer sentiment following a reference-dependent preference framework and empirically test its relevance using the game outcomes of the NBA and the trip and tipping data on New York City taxicabs. While I find that consumers' tipping behavior responds to unexpected wins and losses of their home team, particularly in close game outcomes, I do not find evidence for loss aversion. Coupled with the findings on default tipping, my empirical results on the asymmetric tipping responses suggest that while social norms may dominate loss aversion, affect and surprises can result in freedom on the upside of tipping. Chapter 2 utilizes a novel data source of airline entry and exit announcements and examines how the incumbent airlines adjust quality provisions as a response to their competitors' announcements and the role of timing in such responses. I find no evidence that the incumbents engage in preemptive actions when facing probable entry and exit threats as signaled by the competitors' announcements in either short term or long term. There is, however, evidence supporting their responses to the competitors' realized entry or exit. My empirical findings underscore the role of timing in determining preemptive actions and suggest that previous studies may have overestimated how the incumbent airlines respond to entry threats. Chapter 3, which is collaborated with Benjamin Ho, investigates the habit formation of consumers' thermostat setting behavior, an often implicitly made decision and yet a key determinant of home energy consumption and expenditures. We utilize a high frequency dataset on household thermostat usage and find that
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Seligman, Jason Scott
Three essays in the field of public economics are included in this thesis. Chapter 1 begins this work with an introduction to public economics and places the remaining chapters in context. Like all economic agents, the government must manage its cash position. Chapter 2 considers this activity. Short-term financial requirements cause the government to solicit the market for bills not previously scheduled (Cash Management Bills). Using data from the US Treasury's Proprietary Domestic Finance Database, this chapter shows that these bills have higher costs than normal bills, suggesting that both Treasury and financial markets appreciate that demand is more inelastic for these instruments. In addition, this research identifies several factors that increase finance costs for Treasury in meeting short-term financial need. Chapter 3 explores location choices for generation investment in a re-regulated electricity market. Recently, there have been significant changes in the regulation of electricity in the State of California. These changes may affect generation investment behavior within the State, an important consideration for policy makers. This work identifies the impact of public sector regulatory change on private sector investment outcomes, by comparing the location and scope of electricity generation projects before and after two specific regulatory changes in air quality management and transmission tariff charges, while controlling for expected population growth patterns within the State. Significant changes in location preference are identified using factors for the northern and southern transmission zones, NP15 and SP15, the intermediate zone ZP26, and for areas outside of ISO control. Chapter 4 considers Disability Insurance and individual public pension investment accounts. Current debate on the Social Security Administration's long-term finance of benefits includes proposals for independent private investment via individual accounts. The author investigates
Sequential Effects in Essay Ratings
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Attali, Yigal
Contrary to previous research on sequential ratings of student performance, this study found that professional essay raters of a large-scale standardized testing program produced ratings that were drawn toward previous ratings, creating an assimilation effect. Longer intervals between the two adjacent ratings and higher degree of agreement with…
Essays in Economics of Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Romano, Teresa Foy
This dissertation consists of three separate essays on the economics of education. In the first chapter, co-authored with Esteban Aucejo, studies the relative effectiveness of reducing absences to extending the school calendar on test score performance. Using administrative data for North Carolina public schools, we exploit a state policy that…
Connor, Alison
This 2013 Consortium of Universities for Global Health essay examines the ethical dilemmas encountered by a public health worker engaged in HIV/AIDS prevention and health promotion in a rural Tanzanian community. Is the professional objective of improving the health and well-being of the population so simple?
Essays in Education and Macroeconomics
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Herrington, Christopher M.
This dissertation consists of three essays on education and macroeconomics. The first chapter analyzes whether public education financing systems can account for large differences among developed countries in earnings inequality and intergenerational earnings persistence. I first document facts about public education in the U.S. and Norway, which…
Three Essays on College Quality
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Seki, Mai
This dissertation consists of three essays on adolescents' post secondary education choices and labor market returns. The first chapter analyzes returns to selectivity of four-year colleges by different post-bachelor's degree schooling paths. The second chapter documents the role of family income in college application and enrollment…
Women's Studies: A Bibliographic Essay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kirtland, Monika
The essay section provides a definition and short history of women's studies and explores the implications in regard to the administration and teaching of such courses. The bibliography lists and annotates material useful for all levels of education. Information sources covered include government agencies and societies, reference sources (such as…
Halley's Comet: A Bibliographic Essay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gallant, Stephen L.
This bibliographic essay evaluates six books on Halley's Comet as science writings that fall into three categories: middle school and junior high-level books; senior high to adult-level books; and advanced level. Author, number of pages, publication date, price, International Standard Book Number, and publisher information are provided. (EJS)
Two Essays in Economic Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Evans, Brent A.
Prior researchers (Anderson et al. 1994; Ballard & Johnson 2004; Hoag & Benedict 2010) have shown that different math abilities do not equally correlate with success in economics, yet no research has specifically compared algebra and geometry skills as predictors of economics success. In the first essay, I find that students' standardized…
Going Further: Essays in Further Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Flint, Colin, Ed.; Austin, Michael, Ed.
This volume contains 16 essays on Further Education (FE) in the context of its changing status and role in the educational and economic life of Great Britain. The essays are grouped around four main themes: (1) FE and mission; (2) managerial responsibilities; (3) context; and (4) diversity. The essays are: "FE Makes Itself Indispensable" (Tony…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gose, Ben
College admissions essay coaches have been hanging out shingles since the early 1990s. The business has grown sharply over the past decade thanks to the ease of editing via the Internet and students' desire to gain any possible edge as many colleges have become more selective. The companies, with names like Cambridge Essay Service, EssayEdge,…
Restructuring for Urban Student Success: Essay Collection.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jackson, Barbara, Ed.; Levine, Jodi, Ed.; Patton, Judy, Ed.
This publication presents essays by members of Restructuring for Urban Student Success (RUSS) and other faculty, administrators, staff, and graduate students on participating campuses. The essays describe the work of RUSS and document curricular restructuring and reform efforts occurring at RUSS partner institutions. Part 1 includes essays by RUSS…
Essays on Dynamic Competition and Academic Entrepreneurship
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pham, Huyen T.
My dissertation focuses on dynamic firm competition and academic entrepreneurship. The first essay studies the dynamics and equilibrium outcomes of a duopoly in which firms make decisions about both capacity expansion and cost reduction. The second essay is an extension of the framework used in the first essay to study the strategic roles of…
The Color of Leadership. Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jansen, Jonathan D.
On July 1, 2000, the author became the first black dean of Education in the almost 100 year existence of the formidable University of Pretoria, South Africa. This essay offers a set of meditations on being a black dean in a white university at the birth of a post-apartheid democracy. There are many sides to this narrative. It is a story of leading…
Farmworker Housing: A Photo Essay.
Arcury, Thomas A; Summers, Phillip
Migrant and seasonal farmworkers often reside in poor housing conditions which expose them to numerous hazards. These housing conditions are an issue of environmental health and justice. The photographs in this essay illustrate the living conditions confronted by farmworkers, offering a visual context for the reviews published in this issue of New Solutions. Farmworker housing conditions are often shocking to those who have not visited farmworker communities. Continued research is needed to document these conditions, how they affect the health of farmworkers, and provide leverage in the struggle to improve farmworker housing conditions.
Rathee, Sapna; Joshi, Priscilla; Kelkar, Abhimanyu; Seth, Nagesh
Ultrasonography (USG) is the primary method for antenatal fetal evaluation. However, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now become a valuable adjunct to USG in confirming/excluding suspected abnormalities and in the detection of additional abnormalities, thus changing the outcome of pregnancy and optimizing perinatal management. With the development of ultrafast sequences, fetal MRI has made remarkable progress in recent times. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate a spectrum of structural abnormalities affecting the central nervous system, thorax, genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, as well as miscellaneous anomalies. Anomalies in twin gestations and placental abnormalities have also been included.
Rathee, Sapna; Joshi, Priscilla; Kelkar, Abhimanyu; Seth, Nagesh
Ultrasonography (USG) is the primary method for antenatal fetal evaluation. However, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now become a valuable adjunct to USG in confirming/excluding suspected abnormalities and in the detection of additional abnormalities, thus changing the outcome of pregnancy and optimizing perinatal management. With the development of ultrafast sequences, fetal MRI has made remarkable progress in recent times. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate a spectrum of structural abnormalities affecting the central nervous system, thorax, genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, as well as miscellaneous anomalies. Anomalies in twin gestations and placental abnormalities have also been included. PMID:27081224
Essays on the Economics of Higher Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tang, Hui-Hsuan
This dissertation is comprised of two essays that broadly consider the role human capital plays in the matching process between individuals and institutions and builds on prior education literature that has found growing evidence that economic choices and opportunities are inextricably linked to human capital investment. The essays in this…
2012 Cliff Weiss Memorial Essay Contest Winners
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Techniques: Connecting Education and Careers (J3), 2012
This article presents the winners of the 2012 Cliff Weiss Memorial Essay Contest. They are Naim Owens from Washington, DC, and Colissa Menke from Warrensburg, Missouri. The 2012 essay topic is "How do you feel CTE prepares individuals, including yourself, for a future career?"
Essays on La Mujer. Anthology No. 1.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sanchez, Rosaura, Ed.; Cruz, Rosa Martinez, Ed.
The 10 essays introduce some concepts and topics of particular concern and interest to those wishing to analyze the situation of the Chicana within her particular historical, social and economical context. Topics of the essays are: (1) the Chicana labor force; (2) the role of the Chicana within the student movement; (3) the Chicana and the Chicano…
Methodological Approaches to Online Scoring of Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chung, Gregory K. W. K.; O'Neil, Harold F., Jr.
This report examines the feasibility of scoring essays using computer-based techniques. Essays have been incorporated into many of the standardized testing programs. Issues of validity and reliability must be addressed to deploy automated approaches to scoring fully. Two approaches that have been used to classify documents, surface- and word-based…
Framing the Past; Essays on Art Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Soucy, Donald, Ed.; Stankiewicz, Mary Ann, Ed.
This collection of essays presents the history of art education from a variety of perspectives. Traditional and revisionist issues are seen from broad overviews and through specific concerns. Textual analysis, cultural transmission, and prominent philosophies are discussed. Thirteen essays include: (1) "A History of Art Education Histories"…
Barriers to Discourse: Tautologies in Student Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Roth, Richard
Tautologies in student essays, arguments that most commonly assume the truth or self-evidence of themselves without relationship to something other than themselves, can be identified whenever an essay contains a series of nonsuccessive, noncumulative discourse units. Three kinds of tautologies in student papers are tautologies of redundancy,…
Essays in Honor of Claude M. Wise.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bronstein, Arthur J., Ed.; And Others
The essays in this collection cover a wide variety of topics related to linguistics and speech. Many essays cover topics concerned with phonology: phonological units, developmental phonology, phonetic reality, rhythmic prose, sound syntax, and meaning, interconsonantal differences, and Japanese and English consonant phonemes. Other topics in the…
English Transported: Essays on Australasian English.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ramson, W. S., Ed.
This collection of essays on Australasian English deals with various aspects of the language as it is spoken in the areas of Australian, New Zealand, and Papua-New Guinea. Although the bulk of the essays are concerned with Australian and New Zealand English, the editor expresses the hope that the integrated study of these two major dialects will…
The "New" Age: A Bibliographic Essay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chandler, Daniel Ross
This bibliographic essay describes and discusses important books in a variety of thematic areas associated with the New Age Movement, which is a distinctive communicative phenomenon characterized by unconventional beliefs and activities. The essay argues that the single subject pervading the peculiar phenomena and puzzling thoughtful critics is…
Essays on Industrial Organization and Political Economy
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Camara, Odilon Roberto VG de a
This thesis presents three essays on industrial organization and political economy. In the first essay, I show how the attributes of a managerial workforce affect firms' placement decisions and wage offers, and managers' quit decisions. My OLG model features two division managers and a CEO, where each executive may be at a different point in his…
Cohesion and Coherence in Short Expository Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lindeberg, Ann-Charlotte
A study to find patterns of cohesion and rhetorical structure that distinguish good from weak English essay writing is described. The corpus consisted of ten Swedish college essays written as part of the final exam in a first-year English course. Methodological problems encountered included the delimitation of units for the analysis of cohesive…
Three essays on utility regulation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hlasny, Vladimir
To induce utilities in the gas distribution market to operate efficiently, US states have deployed consumer choice programs, price caps, and variations of sliding scale plans. My first essay studies the impact of these restructuring and deregulation efforts on consumer rates, using panel data from a custom survey of state commissions and the Department of Energy. I estimate the residential, small commercial and industrial price equations jointly, and use instrumental variables to control for the potentially endogenous demand and status of deregulation. Consumer choice programs lower the prices by 2.2-20.1% compared to the rate of return regulation, benefiting industrial consumers the most and households the least. These effects appear even one to two years prior to the programs' implementation, and become stronger over time. Price caps lower all prices by 0.0-20.0%, with the same ranking. The impacts of sliding scale plans are close to zero, between -2.6% and +4.0% The second paper evaluates health damages caused by air concentrations of SO2 under three alternative environmental policies leading to identical aggregate emissions: emission caps, a nationwide emission tax, and a system of tradable emission allowances such as the one currently used in the US. The numerical model of the industry finds generators' output, participation in energy trade and SO2 abatement effort under each policy. The resulting SO2 concentrations are used to derive the aggregate health damages using estimates in the medical literature. SO2 concentrations vary across policies even when the aggregate emissions are the same. These variations translate into substantially different losses for any individual state, and, nationwide, to hundreds of millions of dollars of difference in aggregate damages. Emission caps are found to lead to the lowest damages, outperforming the currently used system of allowances by 452 million. A uniform emission tax leads to very similar damages as the system of
Explaining ESL Essay Holistic Scores: A Multilevel Modeling Approach
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barkaoui, Khaled
This study adopted a multilevel modeling (MLM) approach to examine the contribution of rater and essay factors to variability in ESL essay holistic scores. Previous research aiming to explain variability in essay holistic scores has focused on either rater or essay factors. The few studies that have examined the contribution of more than one…
Two Essays in Financial Economics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Putnam, Kyle J.
The following dissertation contains two distinct empirical essays which contribute to the overall field of Financial Economics. Chapter 1, entitled "The Determinants of Dynamic Dependence: An Analysis of Commodity Futures and Equity Markets," examines the determinants of the dynamic equity-commodity return correlations between five commodity futures sub-sectors (energy, foods and fibers, grains and oilseeds, livestock, and precious metals) and a value-weighted equity market index (S&P 500). The study utilizes the traditional DCC model, as well as three time-varying copulas: (i) the normal copula, (ii) the student's t copula, and (iii) the rotated-gumbel copula as dependence measures. Subsequently, the determinants of these various dependence measures are explored by analyzing several macroeconomic, financial, and speculation variables over different sample periods. Results indicate that the dynamic equity-commodity correlations for the energy, grains and oilseeds, precious metals, and to a lesser extent the foods and fibers, sub-sectors have become increasingly explainable by broad macroeconomic and financial market indicators, particularly after May 2003. Furthermore, these variables exhibit heterogeneous effects in terms of both magnitude and sign on each sub-sectors' equity-commodity correlation structure. Interestingly, the effects of increased financial market speculation are found to be extremely varied among the five sub-sectors. These results have important implications for portfolio selection, price formation, and risk management. Chapter 2, entitled, "US Community Bank Failure: An Empirical Investigation," examines the declining, but still pivotal role, of the US community banking industry. The study utilizes survival analysis to determine which accounting and macroeconomic variables help to predict community bank failure. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Federal Reserve Bank data are utilized to compare 452 community banks which failed between
Essays on incomplete contracts in regulatory activities
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Saavedra, Eduardo Humberto
This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay, The Hold-Up Problem in Public Infrastructure Franchising, characterizes the equilibria of the investment decisions in public infrastructure franchising under incomplete contracting and ex-post renegotiation. The parties (government and a firm) are unable to credibly commit to the contracted investment plan, so that a second step investment is renegotiated by the parties at the revision stage. As expected, the possibility of renegotiation affects initial non-verifiable investments. The main conclusion of this essay is that not only underinvestment but also overinvestment in infrastructure may arise in equilibrium, compared to the complete contracting case. The second essay, Alternative Institutional Arrangements in Network Utilities: An Incomplete Contracting Approach, presents a theoretical assessment of the efficiency implications of privatizing natural monopolies which are vertically related to potential competitive firms. Based on the incomplete contracts and asymmetric information paradigm. I develop a model that analyzes the relative advantages of different institutional arrangements---alternative ownership and market structures in the industry--- in terms of their allocative and productive efficiencies. The main policy conclusion of this essay is that both ownership and the existence of conglomerates in network industries matter. Among other conclusions, this essay provides an economic rationale for a mixed economy in which the network is public and vertical separation of the industry when the natural monopoly is under private ownership. The last essay, Opportunistic Behavior and Legal Disputes in the Chilean Electricity Sector, analyzes post-contractual disputes in this newly privatized industry. It discusses the presumption that opportunistic behavior and disputes arise due to inadequate market design, ambiguous regulation, and institutional weaknesses. This chapter also assesses the presumption
Three essays in energy and environmental economics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Redlinger, Michael
This thesis exploits the boom in U.S. oil and gas production to explore several empirical questions in environmental and energy economics. In the first essay, statistical techniques are employed to evaluate learning-by-doing in the Bakken Shale Play. Furthermore, the essay demonstrates organizational forgetting and knowledge spillovers among firms. The results show rates of learning in an important sector the U.S. economy and may have broader lessons for productivity gains and losses. The second essay investigates interfirm learning economies in oil well drilling in terms of productivity improvements and increases in environmental safety. The empirical results improve our understanding of how interfirm relationships influence productivity as well as the drivers of environmental incidents. Lastly, the third essay analyzes the impacts of stricter environmental regulations on oil production and well drilling in North Dakota. The results have particular relevance for policymakers seeking to understand the trade-offs between resource development and environmental quality. These three essays ultimately expand our knowledge of how learning economies occur and the effects of environmental regulations on economic activity.
Essays on Macroeconomics and Oil
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cakir, Nida
In these essays, I examine (i) the empirical methods that are widely used in the literature to measure total factor productivity growth and (ii) the impact of nationalization on productivity in the oil industry. The first chapter, which is an ongoing work with SHI, Wei, investigates two empirical measures, quantity-based (primal) measure and price-based (dual) measure, of total factor productivity growth. My co-author and I analyze how these two measures are affected by output market imperfection or variable capacity utilization. We find that under constant-returns-to-scale production function assumption, existence of the imperfect competition in the output market creates a gap between the measured TFP growth and the true TFP growth, no matter which method is used. However, theoretically, it does not affect the equivalence between the two measures. Under variable capacity utilization, we show that constant-returns-to-scale assumption is almost enough to guarantee the validity of the two methods in correctly capturing the true TFP growth. In the second and third chapters, I analyze the link between nationalization and productivity. The second chapter documents the trends in expropriation acts, and evaluates the impact of expropriations on labor productivity of resource-rich developing countries in the oil industry. In the first part of this chapter, I investigate the trends in the expropriation acts that took place in 102 developing countries during the period 1922-2006. I find that more than half of the acts occurred between 1970 and 1976, there has been an increase in the number of expropriations in recent years, and the extractive sector including petroleum is more likely to be expropriated. Motivated by these facts, in the second part, I examine the oil industry in a period of widespread expropriations, the 1970s. In a sample of major oil-producing countries including OPEC and non-OPEC members, I show that losses in relative labor productivity after
Three essays on auction markets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shunda, Nicholas James
This dissertation contains a series of theoretical investigations of auction markets. The essays it contains cover wholesale electricity markets, a popular selling mechanism on eBay, and supplier entry into multi-unit procurement auctions. The study in Chapter 1 compares the procurement cost-minimizing and productive efficiency performance of the auction mechanism used by independent system operators in wholesale electricity auction markets in the U.S. with that of a proposed alternative. The current practice allocates energy contracts as if the auction featured a discriminatory final payment method when, in fact, the markets are uniform price auctions. The proposed alternative explicitly accounts for the market-clearing price during the allocation phase. We find that the proposed alternative largely outperforms the current practice on the basis of procurement costs in the context of simple auction markets featuring both day-ahead and real-time auctions and that the procurement cost advantage of the alternative is complete when we simulate the effects of increased competition. We also find that a tradeoff between the objectives of procurement cost minimization and productive efficiency emerges in our simple auction markets and persists in the face of increased competition. The study in Chapter 2 considers a possible rationale for an auction with a buy price. In an auction with a buy price, the seller provides bidders with an option to end the auction early by accepting a transaction at a posted price. The "Buy-It-Now" option on eBay is a leading example of an auction with a buy price. The study develops a model of an auction with a buy price in which bidders use the auction's reserve price and buy price to formulate a reference price. The model both explains why a revenue-maximizing seller would want to augment her auction with a buy price and demonstrates that the seller sets a higher reserve price when she can affect the bidders' reference price through the
Essays on refining markets and environmental policy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Oladunjoye, Olusegun Akintunde
This thesis is comprised of three essays. The first two essays examine empirically the relationship between crude oil price and wholesale gasoline prices in the U.S. petroleum refining industry while the third essay determines the optimal combination of emissions tax and environmental research and development (ER&D) subsidy when firms organize ER&D either competitively or as a research joint venture (RJV). In the first essay, we estimate an error correction model to determine the effects of market structure on the speed of adjustment of wholesale gasoline prices, to crude oil price changes. The results indicate that market structure does not have a strong effect on the dynamics of price adjustment in the three regional markets examined. In the second essay, we allow for inventories to affect the relationship between crude oil and wholesale gasoline prices by allowing them to affect the probability of regime change in a Markov-switching model of the refining margin. We find that low gasoline inventory increases the probability of switching from the low margin regime to the high margin regime and also increases the probability of staying in the high margin regime. This is consistent with the predictions of the competitive storage theory. In the third essay, we extend the Industrial Organization R&D theory to the determination of optimal environmental policies. We find that RJV is socially desirable. In comparison to competitive ER&D, we suggest that regulators should encourage RJV with a lower emissions tax and higher subsidy as these will lead to the coordination of ER&D activities and eliminate duplication of efforts while firms internalize their technological spillover externality.
Blue Marble Space Institute essay contest
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wendel, JoAnna
The Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, based in Seattle, Wash., is inviting college students to participate in its essay contest. Essays need to address the question, "In the next 100 years, how can human civilization prepare for the long-term changes to the Earth system that will occur over the coming millennium?" According to the institute, the purpose of the contest is "to stimulate creative thinking relating to space exploration and global issues by exploring how changes in the Earth system will affect humanity's future."
Onoufrios, the famous XVI's century iconographer, creator of the ``Berati School'': studying the technique and materials used in wall paintings of inscribed churches
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pavlidou, E.; Arapi, M.; Zorba, T.; Anastasiou, M.; Civici, N.; Stamati, F.; Paraskevopoulos, K. M.
The study of the materials and techniques employed for wall painting, complementing the information from historical and aesthetic data, contributes to the integrated knowledge of the iconographer and his period. In the 16th century, regarding the iconography in the former Byzantine area, besides the School of Crete and Francos Catelanos and his school, a third artistic personality who also created his own school, Onoufrios, appeared in central Albania and expanded his activity as a painter to northern Greece as well as nearby areas, such as Ohrid. Inscriptions documenting the works of Onoufrios are found in some of the churches that he decorated with wall paintings: "St. Apostles" (1547) Kastoria Greece, "St. Nicolas" Shelcan Albania, "St. Paraskevi" (1554), Valsh Albania, while are attributed to him the church of "St. Theodores" in Berati, Albania (before 1547) and others. He is one of the best icon painters of the whole Balkan region, and the best painter that has ever worked in Albanian territory. Onoufrios managed to combine the local painting tradition with the best tradition of the eastern (Paleologian) and western (Italian) schools, resulting in a realistic and natural depiction. He is the creator of the "Berati School" that expanded to other parts of the peninsula. His individual character can be distinguished in the work of his students: his son Nikolaos (who inherited his style in painting), Onoufrios from Cyprus, etc. Based on careful observations, we extracted number of paint samples from wall paintings of three of the above mentioned churches. Ground and paint layers were examined using micro-FTIR, Optical Microscopy, TXRF and SEM-EDS, to characterize materials and methods used by the artist to create these works. Our findings in each church are discussed and compared with the others in order to understand how and with what material and resources the painter worked and how he developed his technique. The presence of calcium
Art for Many Purposes: A Photo Essay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Corwin, Sylvia K.
An interdisciplinary art and science program for talented inner-city 11th graders is described through a photo essay. Students are involved in activities such as painting outdoors, rendering instructional charts for use in science classes, illustrating seasonal calendars, gardening, identifying insects, and learning about weather forecasting. (RM)
Education, Training and Contexts: Studies and Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lauglo, Jon
This volume provides an overview of some of the outstanding features of the work of the Norwegian sociologist and comparative educationist, Jon Lauglo. After an introduction, "'It Ain't Necessarily So!': Theories and Observations in Jon Lauglo's World of Education and Training" (Se-Yung Lim and Klaus Schaack), essays and studies are presented in…
Three Essays on the Economics of Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Herrmann, Mariesa Ann
This dissertation consists of essays on three inputs into the educational production function: curriculum, peers, and teachers. The chapters are linked by their focus on understanding the importance of these inputs for student achievement and by their exploitation of the exact timing of events (i.e., student mobility, receipt of special education…
Learning Dilemmas in Undergraduate Student Independent Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wendt, Maria; Åse, Cecilia
Essay-writing is generally viewed as the primary learning activity to foster independence and analytical thinking. In this article, we show that independent research projects do not necessarily lead to critical thinking. University-level education on conducting independent projects can, in several respects, counteract enhanced analytical skills.…
Down's (1866) Essay and Its Sociomedical Context.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jordan, Thomas E.
This article analyzes the essay (1866) by J. Langdon Down that first described the condition now known as Down Syndrome. The article's key concepts are related to the scientific literature of the era including writings on medicine, ethnography, public health, and genetics. Noted are nineteenth century ideas of "degeneracy" incorporated into Down's…
Beyond the Five-Paragraph Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Campbell, Kimberly Hill
Although using the five-paragraph formula to teach essay writing is a ubiquitous practice--and many K-12 teachers defend it--Campbell argues that having students write according to this formula does more harm than good. The formula's tight structure stops the very critical thinking students need to do to strengthen their cognition and their…
Multimodality imaging of hemangiomas-pictorial essay.
Dasan, T Arul; N G, Basawaraj; Anvekar, Sunita Madhukar
Both hemangiomas and vascular malformations are endothelial malformations that closely resemble normal vessels and can be found in all organs of the human body. This pictorial essay encompasses a spectrum of imaging appearances of hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Familiarity of the MR and CT findings can help differentiate these lesions, to confirm the suspected diagnosis, classify the anomaly and document the associated abnormalities.
Intraventricular CNS lesions: A pictorial essay.
Watts, Jane; Yap, Kelvin K; Ou, Daniel; Tartaglia, Con; Trost, Nicholas; Sutherland, Tom
Intraventricular lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) can present a diagnostic challenge due to a range of differential diagnoses and radiological appearances. Both CT and MRI imaging findings, in combination with location and patient's age, can help limit the differentials. This pictorial essay presents the salient radiological features, location and demographics of the more common intraventricular lesions of the brain.
Audiotape Feedback for Essays in Distance Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kirschner, Paul A.; And Others
Twelve students writing essays for a photochemistry course at the Open University of the Netherlands received either audiocasette or written feedback. Time spent in recording versus writing feedback differed minimally. Recorded feedback was considerably greater in amount. Students' final grades did not differ, but recorded feedback was more…
Automated Essay Scoring: Psychometric Guidelines and Practices
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ramineni, Chaitanya; Williamson, David M.
In this paper, we provide an overview of psychometric procedures and guidelines Educational Testing Service (ETS) uses to evaluate automated essay scoring for operational use. We briefly describe the e-rater system, the procedures and criteria used to evaluate e-rater, implications for a range of potential uses of e-rater, and directions for…
Degrees of Disenchantment: A Review Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brenneman, Mark; Margonis, Frank
In this review essay, Mark Brenneman and Frank Margonis address three recent book-length contributions to the ongoing discussion around cosmopolitanism and educational thought: Mark Olssen's "Liberalism, Neoliberalism, Social Democracy: Thin Communitarian Perspectives on Political Philosophy and Education," Sharon Todd's "Toward an Imperfect…
Reconstructing Deweyan Pragmatism: A Review Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Neubert, Stefan
In this essay Stefan Neubert argues that John Dewey was a philosopher of reconstruction and that the best use we can make of him today is to reconstruct his work in and for our own contexts. Neubert distinguishes three necessary and equally important components of the overall project of reconstructing Deweyan pragmatism: first, to make strong and…
A Bibliographic Essay Pertaining to Navajo Indians.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Harrison, Scott
Introduced by a discussion of the fact that most of the works cited describe Navajos as they "used to be" and an admonition against the common practice of placing all Navajos, or all Indians, under one stereotype, this bibliographic essay traces the history of Navajo contact with the white man and emphasizes efforts at educational development. Six…
An Overview of Automated Scoring of Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dikli, Semire
Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is defined as the computer technology that evaluates and scores the written prose (Shermis & Barrera, 2002; Shermis & Burstein, 2003; Shermis, Raymat, & Barrera, 2003). AES systems are mainly used to overcome time, cost, reliability, and generalizability issues in writing assessment (Bereiter, 2003; Burstein,…
Starting with "I": Personal Essays by Teenagers.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Estepa, Andrea, Ed.; Kay, Philip, Ed.
In personal essays, teenagers express their views on serious subjects like violence, racism, and teen parenting, and discuss common teen experiences like dating, getting a job, and starting college. This collection contains the following: (1) "Brotherly Love" (Jessica Vicuna); (2) "How To Survive Shopping with Mom" (Chris Kanarick); (3) "A…
Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Connors, Robert J., Ed.; And Others
Noting the rediscovery by composition scholars of the tradition of classical rhetoric, this collection of essays explores the resurgence in the teaching of written discourse in college English departments. The 18 articles and their authors are as follows: (1) "The Revival of Rhetoric in America," by Robert Connors, Lisa Ede, and Andrea Lunsford;…
Essays on Neighborhood Transition and Housing Markets
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Casey, Marcus D.
This dissertation presents new evidence on neighborhood transition and its impact on housing markets using a novel micro-level dataset on housing transactions. It focuses on three issues: the neighborhood effect, housing discrimination, and stable integration. The first essay examines the relationship between increased minority composition and…
The Vision of Sequoyah: A Bibliographic Essay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wagner, Elaine
In 1821, Sequoyah, a Cherokee Indian, presented to his tribal council a syllabary of the Cherokee language--an invention that enabled a previously illiterate people to read and write in their own language. This document includes a brief essay describing Sequoyah's life and accomplishment and a bibliography of further resources. Sequoyah was born…
Essays on Legal and Illegal Immigration.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pozo, Susan, Ed.
Major issues of the debate that led to the passage of an immigration reform bill are discussed and analyzed in this collection of six papers that were delivered as public lectures at Western Michigan University during the 1984-85 academic year. The essays reflect a broad range of views on the effects of immigration on the United States economy and…
The Theory of the Novel: New Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Halperin, John, Ed.
This collection, containing essays by contemporary critics, analyzes such aspects of the novel as structure, history, point of view, techniques, and its future. Included are "What is Exposition?" by Meir Sternberg; "Notes Toward a Comic Fiction" by Robert B. Martin; "The Aesthetics of the Supra-Novel" by Irving H. Buchen; "The Genre of 'Ulysses'"…
French Higher Education: A Cartoon Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hall, Matthew Henry
In this cartoon essay, the author shares his experience from a travel to Paris to see the French higher education system. From his travel, he learned that in France, "degree" inflation may be an issue, but not grade inflation. On the flight home, the author reflects how French and American academics answer one question about the state of higher…
The Nature of Automated Essay Scoring Feedback
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dikli, Semire
The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of feedback that English as a Second Language (ESL) students received on their writings either from an automated essay scoring (AES) system or from the teacher. The participants were 12 adult ESL students who were attending an intensive English center at a university in Florida. The drafts of the…
Toward More Substantively Meaningful Automated Essay Scoring
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ben-Simon, Anat; Bennett, Randy Elliott
This study evaluated a "substantively driven" method for scoring NAEP writing assessments automatically. The study used variations of an existing commercial program, e-rater[R], to compare the performance of three approaches to automated essay scoring: a "brute-empirical" approach in which variables are selected and weighted solely according to…
Essaying the essay: nursing scholarship and the hegemony of the laboratory.
Gardner, Lyn; Rolfe, Gary
It might appear odd or even perverse to be arguing for the essay as a vehicle for academic thought and writing, particularly given the current emphasis on scientific research and evidence-based practice. In fact, the scholarly essay has virtually ceased to exist as an academic form in practice disciplines such as nursing, excluded by what we will identify and refer to as the hegemony of the laboratory. In a practical as well as an intellectual attempt to reinstate it, this paper is structured in the form of two consecutive short essays. In the first, we identify the character, features and purpose of the scholarly essay and examine its demise as an academic form. In the second, we explore some possible reasons why the essay never became fully accepted as an academic form in nursing. We suggest that the essay is thematically eclectic and stylistically promiscuous, drawing from a broad range of cultural, disciplinary and academic reference points. As such, it presents a challenge to the dominant technical rational approach to academic nursing in both its form and its content, particularly in its disregard for the rigidly imposed genres and structures increasingly demanded by academic nursing journals.
The Primal Screen: Essays on Film and Related Subjects.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sarris, Andrew
This book is a collection of essays by the author on film criticism. An auteurist and historical approach is taken to the primarily American films discussed. The essays are organized by basic theme: "Critical Credos and Causes,""Personal Styles,""Genres,""Politics,""Odes and Obits," and "Arts and Letters." Each essay centers either on an important…
Rooted in the Land: Essays on Community and Place.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Vitek, William, Ed.; Jackson, Wes, Ed.
This collection of 31 essays examines the idea of community rooted in a particular place, usually a small town or rural place. Many essays comment on the role of education in promoting the transient materialistic lifestyle or suggest ways in which education could foster place attachment and community building. Essays specifically focused on…
Conceptualizing Essay Tests' Reliability and Validity: From Research to Theory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Badjadi, Nour El Imane
The current paper on writing assessment surveys the literature on the reliability and validity of essay tests. The paper aims to examine the two concepts in relationship with essay testing as well as to provide a snapshot of the current understandings of the reliability and validity of essay tests as drawn in recent research studies. Bearing in…
Lincoln Era Essay Contest: Seventh Annual Winners, 1988.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cagle, William, Ed.
The seventh annual Lincoln Era Essay Contest's theme was "Lincoln and the Elections of 1860 and 1864." The contest was open to students in grades 6 through 12 throughout the state of Indiana. This booklet includes all the winning essays. The junior high/middle school essays include: "Abraham Lincoln Journals for the 1860 and 1864 Elections" (C.…
Comparison of Dimension Reduction Methods for Automated Essay Grading
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kakkonen, Tuomo; Myller, Niko; Sutinen, Erkki; Timonen, Jari
Automatic Essay Assessor (AEA) is a system that utilizes information retrieval techniques such as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA), and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for automatic essay grading. The system uses learning materials and relatively few teacher-graded essays for calibrating the scoring…
Twenty Years In: An Essay in Two Parts
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Heilker, Paul
Part I of this essay traces the evolution of my understanding of the exploratory essay as a discursive form and a genre for teaching writing. Part II explores my motivations for advocating a polarized definition of the essay and then concludes with a call to expand the purview of composition beyond first-year courses.
Essay Development and Organization for the GED Examination.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tubman, Alan
Developed as a teaching aid for a General Educational Development (GED) preparation class, this essay writing guide gives students the tools they need to develop and organize ideas for writing an essay with confidence. By following a sequential procedure in this very structured approach, students learn to turn out a well-organized essay. The…
Nuclear winter: the continuing debate. Student essay
Nida, A.V.
This essay examines the debate over the climatic consequences of global nuclear war as related in the so-called Nuclear Winter hypothesis. This review examines the major components of the theory and traces development of the scientific knowledge leading to a second phase of the controversy two years after the first hypothesis. The conclusions of the essay are that the original nuclear winter findings have been altered by later scientific study and, therefore, the political conclusions drawn by Carl Sagan in 1983 can no longer be supported by theory or facts. Continued use of the Crutzen-Birks (Ambio, 1982) and TTAPS (Science, December 1983) studies worst-case evidence from NCAR (Foreign Affairs, Summer 86) represents selective science. Arguing for strategic policy changes based on nuclear winter risks constitutes anti-nuclear rhetoric and not scientific reasoning.
Optimal discrimination index and discrimination efficiency for essay questions.
Chan, Wing-shing
Recommended guidelines for discrimination index of multiple choice questions are often indiscriminately applied to essay type questions also. Optimal discrimination index under normality condition for essay question is independently derived. Satisfactory region for discrimination index of essay questions with passing mark at 50% of the total is between 0.12 and 0.31 instead of 0.40 or more in the case for multiple-choice questions. Optimal discrimination index for essay question is shown to increase proportional to the range of scores. Discrimination efficiency as the ratio of the observed discrimination index over the optimal discrimination index is defined. Recommended guidelines for discrimination index of essay questions are provided.
A Topic-Independent Method for Scoring Student Essay Content
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nagata, Ryo; Kakegawa, Jun-Ichi; Yabuta, Yukiko
This paper proposes a topic-independent method for automatically scoring essay content. Unlike conventional topic-dependent methods, it predicts the human-assigned score of a given essay without training essays written to the same topic as the target essay. To achieve this, this paper introduces a new measure called MIDF that measures how important and relevant a word is in a given essay. The proposed method predicts the score relying on the distribution of MIDF. Surprisingly, experiments show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 0.848 and performs as well as or even better than conventional topic-dependent methods.
Essays in renewable energy and emissions trading
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kneifel, Joshua D.
Environmental issues have become a key political issue over the past forty years and has resulted in the enactment of many different environmental policies. The three essays in this dissertation add to the literature of renewable energy policies and sulfur dioxide emissions trading. The first essay ascertains which state policies are accelerating deployment of non-hydropower renewable electricity generation capacity into a states electric power industry. As would be expected, policies that lead to significant increases in actual renewable capacity in that state either set a Renewables Portfolio Standard with a certain level of required renewable capacity or use Clean Energy Funds to directly fund utility-scale renewable capacity construction. A surprising result is that Required Green Power Options, a policy that merely requires all utilities in a state to offer the option for consumers to purchase renewable energy at a premium rate, has a sizable impact on non-hydro renewable capacity in that state. The second essay studies the theoretical impacts fuel contract constraints have on an electricity generating unit's compliance costs of meeting the emissions compliance restrictions set by Phase I of the Title IV SO2 Emissions Trading Program. Fuel contract constraints restrict a utility's degrees of freedom in coal purchasing options, which can lead to the use of a more expensive compliance option and higher compliance costs. The third essay analytically and empirically shows how fuel contract constraints impact the emissions allowance market and total electric power industry compliance costs. This paper uses generating unit-level simulations to replicate results from previous studies and show that fuel contracts appear to explain a large portion (65%) of the previously unexplained compliance cost simulations. Also, my study considers a more appropriate plant-level decisions for compliance choices by analytically analyzing the plant level decision-making process to
Three essays on energy efficiency policy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kabiri, Maryam
This thesis is comprised of three essays which explore selected aspects of demand side energy efficiency policy of International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC). The first essay models the adoption of IECC in the U.S. between 1998 and 2010. An ordered probit model with IECC adoption as the dependent variable is used to test if a set of socio-economics, political, spatial, and environmental factors predict the residential building energy code adoption. The results show that higher energy price, relative political extraction, climate extremes, pollution level, and population growth predict IECC adoption in the sample. The diffusion variable (share of neighbor states with IECC) is shown to have large impacts on the probability of IECC adoption. The next two essays examine the effect of IECC on residential electricity consumption. The second essay investigates the impact of International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) on per-capita residential electricity consumption for 44 U.S. states from 1981-2008. Applying the pooled mean group (PMG) model developed by Pesaran et al. (1999), and controlling for energy specific demand factors such as: prices, income, heating degree days, and cooling degree days, I find that there is an overall 2% decrease in new residential buildings per-capita electricity consumption in the states which adopted any version of IECC. The new residential buildings per-capita electricity consumption has decreased by about 2.5% and 5% in the states with IECC 2000 and IECC 2003 respectively. The third essay examines the impact of building energy code on the household electricity consumption in three states in U.S. To do so; I construct a pseudo panel using household level data from the American Community Survey (ACS) over the period 2005-2010. By constructing pseudo panel, we are able to track cohorts of relatively homogeneous individuals over time, and control for cohort unobserved heterogeneity that may bias the results of cross sectional estimates
Essays on environmental policies, corruption, and energy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Baksi, Soham
This thesis consists of four essays. The first essay looks at pollution taxation under capital mobility, and analyzes the role of pre-commitment by countries to their pollution tax rate. A polluting firm sells its product in two countries, and can locate and produce in a single country or in both countries. Due to the discrete-choice nature of the firm's location problem, the countries' welfare functions are discontinuous in their pollution tax rate. We show that when the countries cannot pre-commit to their pollution tax, the firm can still engender tax competition between them by strategically locating in both the countries. Moreover, pre-commitment pollution taxation may not be welfare improving for the countries, although it always makes the firm better off. The second essay studies the effect of liberalization on corruption. Corruptible inspectors enforce an environmental regulation on firms, and are monitored by an honest regulator. Liberalization not only increases the variety of goods and the marginal utility of accepting a bribe, but also puts pressure on the regulator to curb corruption. The interaction of these two effects can cause corruption to initially increase with liberalization, and then decrease beyond a threshold. Moreover, equilibrium corruption is lower when the regulator is able to pre-commit to her monitoring frequency. The third essay analyzes optimal labeling (information revelation) procedures for hidden attributes of credence goods. Consumers are heterogeneous in their preference for the hidden attribute, and producers can either self-label their products, or have them certified by a third party. The government can impose self or third-party labeling requirements on either the "green" or the "brown" producers. When corrupt producers can affix spurious labels, the government needs to monitor them. A mandatory self-labeling policy is shown to generally dominate mandatory third-party labeling. The fourth essay develops formulas for
Review essay: empires, ancient and modern.
Hall, John A
This essay drews attention to two books on empires by historians which deserve the attention of sociologists. Bang's model of the workings of the Roman economy powerfully demonstrates the tributary nature of per-industrial tributary empires. Darwin's analysis concentrates on modern overseas empires, wholly different in character as they involved the transportation of consumption items for the many rather than luxury goods for the few. Darwin is especially good at describing the conditions of existence of late nineteenth century empires, noting that their demise was caused most of all by the failure of balance of power politics in Europe. Concluding thoughts are offered about the USA.
Imaging the Endometrium: A Pictorial Essay.
Sadro, Claudia T
Female gynaecologic conditions arising from the endometrium are common and depend on a woman's age, her menstrual history, and the use of medications such as hormone replacement and tamoxifen. Both benign and malignant conditions affect the endometrium. Benign conditions must be distinguished from malignant and premalignant conditions. The most commonly used imaging modality for evaluating the endometrium is pelvic ultrasound with transabdominal and transvaginal techniques. Additional imaging methods include hysterosonography and magnetic resonance imaging. This pictorial essay will review the normal and abnormal appearance of the endometrium and diagnostic algorithms to evaluate abnormal vaginal bleeding and abnormal endometrial thickness.
Essays concerning the cellulosic biofuel industry
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rosburg, Alicia Sue
Despite market-based incentives and mandated production, the U.S. cellulosic biofuel industry has been slow to develop. This dissertation explores the economic factors that have limited industry development along with important economic tradeoffs that will be encountered with commercial-scale production. The first essay provides an overview of the policies, potential, and challenges of the biofuel industry, with a focus on cellulosic biofuel. The second essay considers the economics of cellulosic biofuel production. Breakeven models of the local feedstock supply system and biofuel refining process are constructed to develop the Biofuel Breakeven (BioBreak) program, a stochastic, Excel-based program that evaluates the feasibility of local biofuel and biomass markets under various policy and market scenarios. An application of the BioBreak program is presented using expected market conditions for 14 local cellulosic biofuel markets that vary by feedstock and location. The economic costs of biofuel production identified from the BioBreak application are higher than frequently anticipated and raise questions about the potential of cellulosic ethanol as a sustainable and economical substitute for conventional fuels. Program results also are extended using life-cycle analysis to evaluate the cost of reducing GHG emissions by substituting cellulosic ethanol for conventional fuel. The third essay takes a closer look at the economic trade-offs within the biorefinery industry and feedstock production processes. A long-run biomass production through bioenergy conversion cost model is developed that incorporates heterogeneity of biomass suppliers within and between local markets. The model builds on previous literature by treating biomass as a non-commoditized feedstock and relaxes the common assumption of fixed biomass density and price within local markets. An empirical application is provided for switchgrass-based ethanol production within U.S. crop reporting districts
Essays on regulation, institutions, and industrial organization
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bergara, Mario Esteban
Essay I develops a comparative institutional analysis of network access price regulation and "light-handed" regulation. While the former is a specific-agency-based arrangement with higher political influence, the latter is a court-based system. Consequently, the main trade-off between both frameworks reflects the merits of having efficient political and judicial institutions. Price regulation is superior when distributional concerns are irrelevant and information asymmetries are lower. Poorly functioning political systems and high welfare costs of raising funds make price regulation less attractive. Light regulation is more attractive when potential rents are smaller, the monopolist is more risk averse, the judicial system is more efficient, and the threat of government intervention is more credible. The possibility of private transfers makes price regulation more advantageous. Higher information asymmetries among firms makes light-handed regulation more attractive. The main results are consistent with a plausible interpretation of the drastic deregulatory process in New Zealand. Essay II studies the preliminary effects of the deregulation of direct access in the New Zealand's electricity market. A slight improvement in quality standards and an overall efficiency increase took place after two years of deregulation. Retailers were able to successfully enter in large demand, dense areas, with a large proportion of industrial and commercial users, where incumbents were not distributing electricity efficiently. Pricing policies appears to be influenced by market forces (associated to economic and demographic characteristics) as expected in a light regulatory framework. Essay III focuses on the possibility of endogenous sunk costs and the introduction of new products. Firms that exert some monopoly power in one market and introduce a new good whose demand is determined by a broader set of consumers might be forced to change their competing strategies. If the new product
Essays in energy economics: The electricity industry
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Martinez-Chombo, Eduardo
Electricity demand analysis using cointegration and error-correction models with time varying parameters: The Mexican case. In this essay we show how some flexibility can be allowed in modeling the parameters of the electricity demand function by employing the time varying coefficient (TVC) cointegrating model developed by Park and Hahn (1999). With the income elasticity of electricity demand modeled as a TVC, we perform tests to examine the adequacy of the proposed model against the cointegrating regression with fixed coefficients, as well as against the spuriousness of the regression with TVC. The results reject the specification of the model with fixed coefficients and favor the proposed model. We also show how some flexibility is gained in the specification of the error correction model based on the proposed TVC cointegrating model, by including more lags of the error correction term as predetermined variables. Finally, we present the results of some out-of-sample forecast comparison among competing models. Electricity demand and supply in Mexico. In this essay we present a simplified model of the Mexican electricity transmission network. We use the model to approximate the marginal cost of supplying electricity to consumers in different locations and at different times of the year. We examine how costs and system operations will be affected by proposed investments in generation and transmission capacity given a forecast of growth in regional electricity demands. Decomposing electricity prices with jumps. In this essay we propose a model that decomposes electricity prices into two independent stochastic processes: one that represents the "normal" pattern of electricity prices and the other that captures temporary shocks, or "jumps", with non-lasting effects in the market. Each contains specific mean reverting parameters to estimate. In order to identify such components we specify a state-space model with regime switching. Using Kim's (1994) filtering algorithm
Winners of student essay contest receive awards
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
At the Apollo/Saturn V Center, George Meguiar (center left) and George English (center right) present scholarships to two students who entered an essay contest in conjunction with the 30th Anniversary of Apollo 11. The winners shown are Kyla Davis Horn, of Cocoa Beach, and Kyle Rukaczewski, of Satellite Beach. A third winner, Jason Gagnon, of Viera, was unable to attend. Meguiar and English head the Apollo 11 Commemoration Association which sponsored the contest in conjunction with Florida Today newspaper. The presentation was made at the Apollo/Saturn V Center during an anniversary banquet that honored all the people who made the Apollo Program possible. Special guests included former Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin, Gene Cernan and Walt Cunningham, who shared their experiences with the audience.
Winners of student essay contest receive awards
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
George Meguiar (left) presents a scholarship award to Kyla Davis Horn, of Cocoa Beach, one of the winners of an essay contest related to the 30th Anniversary of Apollo 11. Meguiar and George English (second from right) head the Apollo 11 Commemoration Association who sponsored the contest in conjunction with Florida Today newspaper. The other scholarship winner is Kyle Rukaczewski, of Satellite Beach (far right). A third winner, Jason Gagnon, of Viera, was unable to attend. The presentation was made at the Apollo/Saturn V Center during an anniversary banquet that honored all the people who made the Apollo Program possible. Special guests included former Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin, Gene Cernan and Walt Cunningham, who shared their experiences with the audience.
"Women in Astronomy: an Essay Review"
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cox, M.
Interest in the history of women in astronomy has increased dramatically in the last 30 years. This interest has come from the growing number of professional scientists, historians and feminists researching the lives and work of earlier generations, as well as from amateur astronomers. It is reflected in the vast amount of literature on the subject, both in books and journals, and on the internet. This Essay Review will focus on monographs published in the last 10 years (1996-2006), and will be restricted mainly to pre-20th century women. The scope includes researchers, translators, computers and astronomical assistants as well as observers. Where appropriate, it includes books that discuss the role of women scientists, as well as pure astronomy books. Part 2, to be published later, will consider encyclopaedias and large works of reference .
Parotid abscess: mini-pictorial essay.
Viselner, G; van der Byl, G; Maira, A; Merico, V; Draghi, F
Bacterial and viral infection of the intraparotideal and periparotideal lymph nodes, or of the glandular parenchyma, can lead to inflammatory and subsequently suppurative changes, which can result in abscess formation. Sonography allows a detailed morphological evaluation of the gland and has an important value, complementary to clinical examination, in the study of parotid inflammatory diseases. Specifically, sonography defines lesion's characteristics and, in a large number of cases, also its nature and, among the various imaging techniques, it is considered first-line imaging for the evaluation of parotid abscesses, which are characterized by hypo-anechoic lesions, with irregular margins. Color Doppler signals are peripheral to the abscess. If combined with color Doppler, sonography is important not only in diagnosis, but also in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and as a guide to the aspiration and drainage of abscesses. The rarity of some of these lesions led us to publish this mini-pictorial essay.
Morbus-Locke's early essay on disease.
Walmsley, J
John Locke engaged in a systematic study of medicine from the late 1650's. In this period he acquainted himself with the three main competing natural philosophical theories of the time -Galenism, Paracelsianism and Mechanism. He was particularly interested in the work of Sennert, Helmont and Doyle. In 1666, just after the publication of Boyle's The Origine of Formes and Qualities, Locke wrote a short paper entitled Morbus. This paper gave Locke's own view of the nature of disease. Locke went out of his way to criticise Boyle's attempts to give mechanical explanations for biological phenomena. He endorsed Helmont's theory that disease was caused by "ferments" and "Archei" and re-introduced Galenic temperaments as factors of susceptibility in seminal diseases. Locke did not endorse a mechanical corpuscularianism at this stage in his career, when his contact with Boyle was most frequent. Consequently, Locke's espousal of the corpuscular philosophy in the Essay cannot be attributed to Locke's association with Boyle at this time.
An essay on Bion's beta function.
Oliner, Marion M
Among the major theorists studying the effect of the external world on the individual, none had a more ambiguous relationship to the psychic manifestations of the environment than Wilfred Bion. On the one hand his theory of the mind contained a new concept, beta elements, to depict the intrusion of the material world into the mental sphere, while on the other he radically opposed the use of sensory perception as a source for clinical insight. The author examines this dichotomy as an outgrowth of her interest in the place of external reality in psychoanalytic theory. As a result, this essay is an attempt to clarify the source for Bion's theorizing, in order to be more specific about the applicability of his concepts and his precepts.
Two-Year College English: Essays for a New Century.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Reynolds, Mark, Ed.
Noting that the nearly 1,400 two-year colleges in the United States enroll almost half of all students in higher education, this collection of essays discusses the students, the curriculum, and the faculty at these colleges. In essence, the collection surveys what is "on the minds" of two-year college English teachers. The essays and their authors…
Meet the 2008 Cliff Weiss Memorial Essay Contest Winners
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Techniques: Connecting Education and Careers (J3), 2008
This article presents the winners of the 2008 Cliff Weiss Memorial Essay Contest and their winning essays. The winners are Spencer Terry of Tulsa, Oklahoma (secondary), and Carrie Snyder-Renfro of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (postsecondary). The topic for secondary students is "How would you communicate the impact and importance of CTE related to your…
Is it okay to buy an essay online?
Cornock, Marc
There is no legal, ethical or professional reason why you should not buy an essay to help with your assessments - it is the same as buying a book. However, it is not the purchase of the essay that needs consideration, it is what you are going to use it for.
Use of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve: two essays
Devarajan, S.; Hubbard, R.G.; Weiner, R.J.
The two essays in this monograph examine the effects of using the Strategic Petroleum Reserve in a crisis and determine the reactions of two groups: the private sector in the US and the stockpile groups abroad. A separate abstract was prepared for each essay.
Workplace Literacy. Essays from the Model Literacy Project.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Holzman, Michael, Ed.; Connolly, Olga, Ed.
The 20 essays in this collection are based on a project undertaken by the California Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Model Literacy Project in 1983-85. (The goal of the project was to institute changes within the CCC to enhance the literacy of corpsmembers.) Essays describe innovative approaches to literacy education, analyze bureaucratic…
How Important Is Content in the Ratings of Essay Assessments?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shermis, Mark D.; Shneyderman, Aleksandr; Attali, Yigal
This study was designed to examine the extent to which "content" accounts for variance in scores assigned in automated essay scoring protocols. Specifically it was hypothesised that certain writing genre would emphasise content more than others. Data were drawn from 1668 essays calibrated at two grade levels (6 and 8) using "e-rater[TM]", an…
Automated Essay Scoring With e-rater[R] V.2
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Attali, Yigal; Burstein, Jill
E-rater[R] has been used by the Educational Testing Service for automated essay scoring since 1999. This paper describes a new version of e-rater (V.2) that is different from other automated essay scoring systems in several important respects. The main innovations of e-rater V.2 are a small, intuitive, and meaningful set of features used for…
Asian Americans in the History of Education: An Historiographical Essay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tamura, Eileen H.
Discusses the types of essays and book reviews appearing in the History of Education Quarterly. Focuses on ethnic and immigrant education and Asian American educational history. Finds only one essay and one book review from 1990-1999 on Asian American education. Highlights eight other books and articles relating to Asian American education. (DAJ)
Reliability of Holistic Scoring for the 1985 MCAT Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mitchell, Karen J.; Anderson, Judith A.
A pilot essay was included in the 1985 Spring and Fall administrations of the Medical College Admission Test. A sample of 320 of the essays written by Fall examinees who had expressed an interest in allopathic medicine was used to calculate interrater reliability estimates. Sixteen of 20 readers who had been trained by White's suggestions for…
Effects of Nonintellective Student Behaviour Upon Essay Grades.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Heapy, Nelson
Two experiments were undertaken to study the effects of nonintellective behavior upon essay grades. In the first experiment teachers were exposed to information depicting a stimulus boy as either aggressive or non-aggressive. Following this information subject marked either a creative or noncreative essay. The subjects consisted of eight teachers…
The Word for Teaching Is Learning: Essays for James Britton.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lightfoot, Martin, Ed.; Martin, Nancy, Ed.
Reflecting the influence of James Britton in the field of language and learning, this book--a collection of essays by researchers and practitioners in the area of language and learning--focuses on recent issues of language development in learning. The book contains the following 27 essays: (1) "Social Interaction as Scaffold: The Power and Limits…
Constructing an Essay Prompt Bank Using the Partial Credit Model.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ferrara, Steven; Walker-Bartnick, Leslie
The viability of the Partial Credit Model (PCM) of G. N. Masters (1982) for scaling and banking individual essay prompts from a statewide writing assessment program was investigated. Preliminary analyses indicated the feasibility of using the PCM, the general polychotomous form of the Rasch model, with essay data from the Maryland Writing Test…
America at 200: Essays. Headline Series. No. 227.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Morris, Richard B.; Graff, Henry F.
Commemorating the nation's Bicentennial, this publication provides essays from two distinguished American historians entitled "The American Dream Among Nations--What Promise ? What Fulfillment?" and "From Independence to Interdependence." The first essay, written by Richard B. Morris, describes how the American Dream was shaped by and in reaction…
Essays on New Careers; Social Implications for Adult Educators.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Riessman, Frank; And Others
These essays concentrate on the challenge that adult education faces in helping the urban poor develop meaningful paraprofessional careers in the human services. In one essay, the reformist approach to improving access to credentials is compared with the radical approach, which questions the validity of the credentials process as well as its…
Essays and Explorations: Studies in Ideas, Language, and Literature.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bloomfield, Morton W.
Seventeen reprinted essays and an unpublished one are contained in this collection and organized under five headings: History of Ideas, Approaches to Medieval Literature, Chaucer and Fourteenth-Century English Literature, Language and Linguistics, and Essay-Reviews. Topics discussed include the origin of the concept of the Seven Cardinal Sins;…
The Great Excluded: Critical Essays on Children's Literature. Volume One.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Butler, Francelia, Ed.
This collection of essays is intended to stimulate writing, teaching, and study of children's literature by humanists. Among the essays are: "Aesop as Litmus: The Acid Test of Children's Literature,""Children's Literature in Old English,""Children's Literature in the Middle Ages,""Pilgrim's Progress as Fairy Tale,""Out of the Ordinary Road: Locke…
An Essay on Pedagogy by Mikhail M. Bakhtin
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bazerman, Charles
This is an extended summary of a pedagogic essay by Mikhail M. Bakhtin on writing style, titled "Dialogic Origin and Dialogic Pedagogy of Grammar: Stylistics as Part of Russian Language Instruction in Secondary School." In this essay, written in spring 1945 while Bakhtin was a secondary school teacher of Russian language arts, he argues that every…
Revisiting the Personal Essay with Ben Hamper's "Rivethead"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kramer, Jacob
The personal essay--a paper in which a student brings in his or her own experience or concerns--is probably familiar to most historians. Teaching at the City University of New York, the author has found grading personal essays somewhat perplexing. They are sometimes written in response to an assignment that does not call for personal reflection.…
A Crosscultural Analysis of Argumentative Strategies in Student Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kamimura, Taeko; Oi, Kyoko
A study of essays on a single topic (capital punishment) written by 22 American high school students and 30 second-year Japanese college students investigated: cultural differences in organizational patterns in argumentative essays; comparative use of rational and affective appeals; differences in content of rational and affective appeals;…
Performance, Feedback, and Revision: Metacognitive Approaches to Undergraduate Essay Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Riddell, Jessica
This paper explores ways in which frequent feedback and clear assessment criteria can improve students' essay writing performance in a first-year English literature course. Students (n = 68) completed a series of three scaffolded exercises over the course of a semester, where they evaluated undergraduate essays using a predetermined assessment…
History.edu: Essays on Teaching with Technology.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Trinkle, Dennis A., Ed.; Merriman, Scott A., Ed.
Intended to be equally useful to high school and college instructors, this book contains studies in history pedagogy, among them the first three published essays measuring qualitatively and quantitatively the successes and failures of "e-teaching" and distance learning. Collectively, the essays urge instructors to take the next step with computing…
Is it okay to buy an essay online?
Cornock, Marc
There is no legal, ethical or professional reason why you should not buy an essay to help with your assessments - it is the same as buying a book. However, it is not the purchase of the essay that needs consideration, it is what you are going to use it for. PMID:27654542
Teaching Composition: Twelve Bibliographical Essays. Revised and Enlarged Edition.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tate, Gary, Ed.
Intended for teachers of composition courses, this book provides twelve bibliographic essays covering various aspects of composition studies. The list of essays are as follows: (1) "Recent Developments in Rhetorical Invention" (Richard Young); (2) "Structure and Form in Non-Narrative Prose" (Richard L. Larson); (3) "Approaches to the Study of…
Performance of a Generic Approach in Automated Essay Scoring
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Attali, Yigal; Bridgeman, Brent; Trapani, Catherine
A generic approach in automated essay scoring produces scores that have the same meaning across all prompts, existing or new, of a writing assessment. This is accomplished by using a single set of linguistic indicators (or features), a consistent way of combining and weighting these features into essay scores, and a focus on features that are not…
Automatically Scoring Short Essays for Content. CRESST Report 836
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kerr, Deirdre; Mousavi, Hamid; Iseli, Markus R.
The Common Core assessments emphasize short essay constructed response items over multiple choice items because they are more precise measures of understanding. However, such items are too costly and time consuming to be used in national assessments unless a way is found to score them automatically. Current automatic essay scoring techniques are…
Back to the future: eugenics--a bibliographic essay.
Cullen, David
The following essay is a review of the literature about the American eugenics movement produced by scholars over the last fifty years. The essay provides an explanation for today's renewed interest in the subject and for why the science of eugenics remains relevant to contemporary society. The essay examines the catalyst to re-examine the eugenics movement, the influence of Darwinian thought upon its development, the political and institutional support for its growth, the relationship between eugenics, sterilization, and sex, and how the twentieth-century promises of the science of better breeding was a precursor to the twenty-first-century promise of genetic engineering.
Crisis relocation and nuclear deterrence. Student essay
Kiser, J.L.
The difficulty of providing adequate protection to the civilian population with some kind of civil defense program is magnified by the technology available in the nuclear age. The United States expanded its civil defense program in the 1950's to include a measure of protection in the event of the explosion of nuclear devices. However, the history of the United States civil defense program has been generally characterized by inadequate funding and little interest at all levels of government. Most recently, the civil defense program has been associated and considered a component of nuclear deterrence. Under the direction of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the government will rely on crisis relocation as the primary means of protecting the population in the event of a nuclear attack or detonation. This plan envisions that evacuation of the population from high-risk areas to safer host areas. Does crisis relocation provide the country with a credible component to our nuclear deterrence. Do the leaders and citizens have confidence in the nation's ability to protect the civilian population. Have the leaders been completely forthright in preparing the population for the possibility of a nuclear war. These and related issues are discussed in this essay.
Flexor carpi radialis tendon ultrasound pictorial essay.
Luong, Dien Hung; Smith, Jay; Bianchi, Stefano
Disorders of the flexor carpi radialis tendon (FCRt) are often missed even though they are a relatively frequent cause of volar radial wrist pain. They can manifest as tenosynovitis, tendinopathy, synovial sheath cysts with or without scaphoid-trapezoid-trapezium (STT) joint pathology, and partial or complete rupture. Because FCRt disorders often present with non-specific symptoms and a non-diagnostic clinical examination, imaging is often necessary for accurate evaluation and therapeutic planning. Conventional radiography provides good visualization of the neighboring bones and joints, as well as rare intratendinous calcifications. MRI enables evaluation of the FCRt and adjacent anatomical structures with excellent tissue resolution. In comparison, ultrasound (US) evaluation of the FCRt is less commonly described in the radiology literature, despite its affordability, exquisite soft tissue resolution, and the advantages of quick, dynamic diagnostic imaging. This pictorial essay describes and demonstrates the normal anatomy of the FCRt, its US examination technique and normal US appearance, and US findings of clinically relevant FCRt disorders.
Windpower and the environment: An essay
Aitken, D.W.
The current preoccupation with the technical and financial aspects of the move toward the competitive restructuring of the electric utility industry is obscuring the major impact the industry has on accomplishing important social and economic objectives not captured in the {open_quotes}price{close_quotes} of electricity. These include exploiting the benefits of the investment of energy dollars locally in promoting local and regional economic activity and job creation, in facilitating local and regional resource portfolio {open_quotes}risk management{close_quotes} as a hedge against future fuel supply and cost and environmental regulation uncertainties, and in promoting a healthy and quality local, regional national and global environment. The windpower industry contributes in major and important ways toward accomplishing these {open_quotes}beyond price{close_quotes} objectives. In this brief essay, the focus is on a comparison of environmental impacts of the energy {open_quotes}business as usual{close_quotes} scenario compared with the mitigating benefits yielded by the wind power industry. The conclusion is that the economic risks of our current path may not be ignored, and that the wind industry can mitigate those risks at very low to no cost, while offering economic advantages, and that the environmental impacts of the wind power industry itself occur at a level that is several orders of magnitude lower than the present conventional alternatives.
Let Every Voice Be Heard: Focus Essays Create Democratic Classrooms
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McHaney, Pearl Amelia
Pearl Amelia McHaney provides focus essays for students to develop their thoughts and contribute to meaningful class discussions. Teofilo Ruiz provides three principles to educate his students as per them.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Brightwell, David A.
This dissertation examines three facets of U.S. energy use and policy. First, I examine the Gulf Coast petroleum refining industry to determine the structure of the industry. Using the duality between cost-minimization and production functions, I estimate the demand for labor to determine the underlying production function. The results indicate that refineries have become more capital intensive due to the relative price increase of labor. The industry has consolidated in response to higher labor costs and costs of environmental compliance. Next, I examine oil production in the United States. An empirical model based on the theoretical framework of Pindyck is used to estimate production. This model differs from previous research by using state level data rather than national level data. The results indicate that the production elasticity with respect to reserves and the price elasticity of supply are both inelastic in the long run. The implication of these findings is that policies designed to increase domestic production through subsidies, tax breaks, or royalty reductions will likely provide little additional oil. We simulate production under three scenarios. In the most extreme scenario, prices double between 2005 and 2030 while reserves increase by 50%. Under this scenario, oil production in 2030 is approximately the same as the 2005 level. The third essay estimates demand for fossil fuels in the U.S. and uses these estimates to forecast CO2 emissions. The results indicate that there is almost no substitution from one fossil fuel to another and that all three fossil fuels are inelastic in the long run. Additionally, all three fuels respond differently to changes in GDP. The result of the differing elasticities with respect to GDP is that the energy mix has changed over time. The implication for forecasting CO2 emissions is that models that cannot distinguish changes in the energy mix are not effective in forecasting CO2 emissions.
The Validity of Examination Essays in Higher Education: Issues and Responses
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brown, Gavin T. L.
The use of timed, essay examinations is a well-established means of evaluating student learning in higher education. The reliability of essay scoring is highly problematic and it appears that essay examination grades are highly dependent on language and organisational components of writing. Computer-assisted scoring of essays makes use of language…
The Application of the Cumulative Logistic Regression Model to Automated Essay Scoring
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Haberman, Shelby J.; Sinharay, Sandip
Most automated essay scoring programs use a linear regression model to predict an essay score from several essay features. This article applied a cumulative logit model instead of the linear regression model to automated essay scoring. Comparison of the performances of the linear regression model and the cumulative logit model was performed on a…
An Overview of Three Approaches to Scoring Written Essays by Computer. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rudner, Lawrence; Gagne, Phill
This digest describes the three most prominent approaches to essay scoring by computer: (1) Project Essay Grade (PEG), introduced by E. Page in 1966; (2) Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA), introduced for essay grading in 1997 by T. Landauer and P. Foltz; and (3) e-rater, used by the Educational Testing Service and developed by J. Burstein. PEG…
Essays on information disclosure and the environment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mathai, Koshy
The essays in this dissertation study information disclosure and environmental policy. The first chapter challenges the longstanding result that firms will, in general, voluntarily disclose information about product quality, in light of the unrealism of the assumption, common to much of the literature, that consumers are identical. When this assumption is relaxed, an efficiency-enhancing role may emerge for disclosure regulation, insofar as it can improve information provision and thus help protect consumers with "moderately atypical" preferences. The paper also endogenizes firms's choice of quality and suggests that disclosure regulation may also raise welfare indirectly, by inducing firms to improve product quality. The second chapter explores the significance of policy-induced technological change (ITC) for the design of carbon-abatement policies. The paper considers both R&D-based and learning-by-doing-based knowledge accumulation, examining each specification under both a cost-effectiveness and a benefit-cost policy criterion. We show analytically that the presence of ITC generally implies a lower profile of optimal carbon taxes, a shifting of abatement effort into the future (in the R&D scenarios), and an increase in the scale of abatement (in the benefit-cost scenarios). Numerical simulations indicate that the impact of ITC on abatement timing is very slight, but the effects on costs, optimal carbon taxes, and cumulative abatement can be large. The third chapter uses a World Bank dataset on Chinese state-owned enterprises to estimate price elasticities of industrial coal demand. A simple coal-demand equation is estimated in many forms, and significant price sensitivity is almost always found: the own-price elasticity is estimated to be roughly -0.5. A cost-function/share-equation system is also estimated, and although the function is frequently ill-behaved, indicating that firms may not be minimizing costs, the elasticity estimates again are large and
Essays on Energy Technology Innovation Policy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chan, Gabriel Angelo Sherak
.S. Department of Energy's National Laboratories, and provide the first quantitative evidence that technology transfer agreements at the Labs lead to greatly increased rates of innovation spillovers. This chapter also makes a key methodological contribution by introducing a technique to utilize automated text analysis in an empirical matching design that is broadly applicable to other types of social science studies. This work has important implications for how policies should be designed to maximize the social benefits of the $125 billion in annual federal funding allocated to research and development and the extent to which private firms can benefit from technology partnerships with the government. The final chapter of this dissertation explores the effectiveness of international policy to facilitate the deployment of low-emitting energy technologies in developing countries. Together with Joern Huenteler, I examine wind energy deployment in China supported through international climate finance flows under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism. Utilizing a project-level financial model of wind energy projects parameterized with high-resolution observations of Chinese wind speeds, we find that the environmental benefits of projects financed under the Clean Development Mechanism are substantially lower than reported, as many Chinese wind projects would have been built without the Mechanism's support, and thus do not represent additional clean energy generation. Together, the essays in this dissertation suggest several limitations of energy technology innovation policy and areas for reform. Public funds for energy research and development could be made more effective if decision making approaches were better grounded in available technical expertise and developed in framework that captures the important interactions of technologies in a research and development portfolio. The first chapter of this dissertation suggests a politically feasible path towards this type of
Essays on Energy Technology Innovation Policy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chan, Gabriel Angelo Sherak
.S. Department of Energy's National Laboratories, and provide the first quantitative evidence that technology transfer agreements at the Labs lead to greatly increased rates of innovation spillovers. This chapter also makes a key methodological contribution by introducing a technique to utilize automated text analysis in an empirical matching design that is broadly applicable to other types of social science studies. This work has important implications for how policies should be designed to maximize the social benefits of the $125 billion in annual federal funding allocated to research and development and the extent to which private firms can benefit from technology partnerships with the government. The final chapter of this dissertation explores the effectiveness of international policy to facilitate the deployment of low-emitting energy technologies in developing countries. Together with Joern Huenteler, I examine wind energy deployment in China supported through international climate finance flows under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism. Utilizing a project-level financial model of wind energy projects parameterized with high-resolution observations of Chinese wind speeds, we find that the environmental benefits of projects financed under the Clean Development Mechanism are substantially lower than reported, as many Chinese wind projects would have been built without the Mechanism's support, and thus do not represent additional clean energy generation. Together, the essays in this dissertation suggest several limitations of energy technology innovation policy and areas for reform. Public funds for energy research and development could be made more effective if decision making approaches were better grounded in available technical expertise and developed in framework that captures the important interactions of technologies in a research and development portfolio. The first chapter of this dissertation suggests a politically feasible path towards this type of
EDITORIAL: George W Series Memorial Essays
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dodd, J. N.
tuneable lasers, generally with the emphasis on understanding the underlying physics rather than accumulating data. He had a highly original mind, which showed both in his choice of research topics and in his method of approach. He did not follow fashion; his instinct for an interesting problem was at odds with the modem policy of direct funding and the identification of "growth areas". His applications for research grants were often unsuccessful, despite his high international standing and integrity. He was never interested in building up a large research team, and had comparatively few research students, but his enthusiasm and commitment to the quality of his science attracted a succession of overseas visitors to his laboratory. Following my own year at the Clarendon, and some subsequent visits both to Oxford and to Reading, there was a continuing strong association between the Clarendon and Otago Physics that continues until today. George Series was the William Evans Visiting Professor to Otago University in 1972. He never lost his interest in the fundamentals of physics inspired by his first researches into the structure of the hydrogen atom; he wrote on the Rydberg constant, the physics of spontaneous emission, and on the fine-structure constant α = e2/hc. He donated a garden seat to St Edmund Hall (Oxford), of which he was a Fellow. On it he placed a plaque* in recognition of the ubiquitous nature of this constant; it almost had magical significance for him. He served physics in many ways outside research. He was for a number of years the Editor of the European Journal of Physics and was also Editor of the Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, He was also on the Editorial Board of a number of journals. He was elected to Fellowship of a number of physics societies. The Editorial Board of these Memorial Essays dedicate them to George's memory, and to his wife Annette and his family.
Essays on strategy: hostage rescue planning; maritime theater nuclear capability; strategic psychological operations
Brauer, R.F.; Thomas, R.E.; Kriesel, M.E.
The essays in the volume won recognition in the 1984 Joint Chiefs of Staff Strategy Essay Competition. The volume contains three essays. The author of the first essay considers the requirements for successful planning of hostage rescues, specifically reviewing the Son Tay raid, the Mayaguez crisis, the Entebbe rescue, and the Iranian hostage rescue attempt. The author of the second essay looks at the US Navy's capability for maritime theater nuclear warfare, identifying problems and recommending improvements. The author of the third essay finds the United States lacking a national-level mechanism for coordinating military psychological operations and proposes a way to remedy the problem.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tough Love for Schools: Essays on Competition, Accountability, and Excellence
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hess, Frederick M.
The author forthrightly declares in this book of essays on school reform that teachers are no more saintly than anyone else, that poor schools should be closed and lousy teachers should be fired, that philanthropy may sometimes do more harm than good, that teaching experience is not essential to being a school principal, that schools should be…
Leadership in Curriculum Development (A Collection of Essays).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ediger, Marlow
In this collection of essays, a wide range of issues relevant to curriculum development are explored and problem-solving suggestions are offered. The ten selections discuss the following topics: (1) deficiencies in administrators' human relations skills that may hinder democratic decision-making; (2) inservice techniques and philosophical…
Byron: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
West, Paul, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by G. Wilson Knight, Bernard Blackstone, Mario Praz, Paul West, Guy Steffan, F. R. Leavis, W. W. Robson, Helen Gardner, George M. Ridenour, Edmund Wilson, Gilbert Highet, Bertrand Russell, and John Wain--all dealing with the…
Brecht: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Demetz, Peter, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Sergey Tretiakov, Hearings of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, Hannah Arendt, Eric Bentley, Oscar Budel, Ernst Schumacher, I. Fradkin, Hans Egon Holthusen, Gunter Rohrmoser, Walter H. Sokol, Franz Norbert…
"The Country and the City" by Raymond Williams. Essay Review.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Johnson, Jerry D.; Howley, Craig B.
Reviews essays by Raymond Williams, which explain how, within the context of a 150-year literary history, rural stereotypes have been constructed and imbedded within a collective consciousness by a form of cultural colonization. Suggests that Williams' insights can help rural education researchers think outside the conventional wisdom that…
Education in a Global City: Essays from London
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brighouse, Tim, Ed.; Fullick, Leisha, Ed.
This collection of essays by academic and policy experts brings together a wide range of data to offer a clear picture of London's changing education scene. Its mapping of new and developing strategies for successful urban education will be useful to educators and policymakers not only in London but also in other cities operating in similar…
As We Are Now: Mixblood Essays on Race and Identity.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Penn, William S., Ed.
The narrative essays in this collection offer a vision of the race and identity of Native Americans, focusing on American Indians that have grown up in cities and towns. It is a unique collection in that it represents the ways that mixed blood people ("mixbloods") envision Indian race and heritage. It is also unique in that it extends the…
Stendhal: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brombert, Victor, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Victor Brombert, Martin Turnell, Erich Auerbach, Jean Prevost, Raymond Giraud, Irving Howe, Judd D. Hubert, Leon Blum, Jean Starobinski, Jean-Pierre Richard, and Simone de Beauvoir--all dealing with the biography and…
Sartre: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kern, Edith, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Edith Kern, Claude-Edmonde Magny, Henri Peyre, Kenneth Douglas, Edmund Wilson, Theophil Spoerri, Jacques Guicharnaud, Eric Bentley, Robert Champigny, Oreste F. Pucciani, Frederic Jameson, Rene Girard, Guido…
Euripides: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Segal, Erich, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Erich Segal, William Arrowsmith, G. M. A. Grube, Anne Pippin Burnett, Eilhard Schlesinger, Bernard M. W. Knox, Eric A. Havelock, Jean-Paul Sartre, Christian Wolff, and Thomas G. Rosenmeyer--all dealing with the plays of…
Homer: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Steiner, George, Ed.; Fagles, Robert, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by George Steiner, Leo Tolstoy, Ezra Pound, Erich Auerbach, Edwin Muir, Cedric H. Whitman, Albert B. Lord, W. H. Auden, Ernst Bloch, Georg Lukacs, C. Day Lewis, Gabriel Germain, Franz Kafka, Rachel Bespaloff, Robert…
Kafka: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gray, Ronald, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Ronald Gray, Edwin Muir, Friedrich Beissner, R. O. C. Winkler, Johannes Pfeiffer, Caroline Gordon, Idris Parry, Edmund Wilson, Erich Heller, Austin Warren, Eliseo Vivas, Albert Camus, Martin Buber, and H. S. Reiss--all…
Automated Guidance for Thermodynamics Essays: Critiquing versus Revisiting
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Donnelly, Dermot F.; Vitale, Jonathan M.; Linn, Marcia C.
Middle school students struggle to explain thermodynamics concepts. In this study, to help students succeed, we use a natural language processing program to analyze their essays explaining the aspects of thermodynamics and provide guidance based on the automated score. The 346 sixth-grade students were assigned to either the critique condition…
The Experience of Knowledge. Essays on American Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gardner, John Fentress
Part one of this book of essays concerns the need to bring thinking to life and the need for a spiritual concept of man. It argues that both traditional and progressive educators fail children in by not giving them a full sense of their humanity. It denies a conception of the universe divorced from idealism and founded only in scientific inquiry.…
Voices of Leadership: Essays on Challenges Facing Public Higher Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Swygert, H. Patrick, Ed.
This book presents speeches given and articles written by State University of New York presidents concerning issues confronting public higher education in the State of New York today. Essays and speeches are categorized under the following topics: (1) the development of the State University of New York; (2) public higher education in society; (3)…
Essay: the thrill is back (with some gray hairs).
Clark, Michael
This 2013 Consortium of Universities for Global Health essay examines the challenges, personal cost, and ethical dilemmas of working as a medical officer at a district hospital in South Africa and confronting health issues such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and childhood sexual abuse.
Essays of a peripheral mind: An opinion on policy
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Strengthening the connections between science and policy is critical if science is to have meaningful impacts. Policy is often primarily based on arrays of opinion and experience. Science typically shapes some of these opinions. This essay addresses characteristics of science and its communicatio...
Essays on the taxation of oil and natural gas
Robinson, M.S.
The dissertation contains three essays on taxation and other governmental policies affecting oil and natural gas production. In the first essay, the welfare cost of taxing an exhaustible resource is analyzed. The analyses suggest that the deadweight loss associated with the distortionary tax is smaller if the resource is exhaustible and domestically-owned; this suggests further that exhaustible resources should be taxed relatively heavily and has implications regarding the welfare gain from such policies as oil price decontrol. In the second essay, several contributions are made to auction theory, particularly as it relates to collision and to the use of minimum prices. These results are combined with other parts of the literature on auctions and contracts which have not previously been applied to oil lease auctions. Together, they suggest a structure for oil lease auctions quite different from that currently recommended theoretically. The third essay examines the optimal structure of resource contracts when the government is a party to the agreement but future governments cannot be bound by its terms. The potential developer is assumed to perceive that there is a probability of future expropriation which is an increasing function of net cash flow and a decreasing function of future taxes.
Hemingway; A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Weeks, Robert P., Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Lillian Ross, Malcolm Crowley, E.M. Halliday, Harry Levin, Leslie Fiedler, D.H. Lawrence, Philip Young, Sean O'Faolain, Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren, Carlos Baker, Mark Spilka, Ray B. West, Jr., Nemi D'Agostino,…
Writing at Century's End: Essays on Computer-Assisted Composition.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gerrard, Lisa, Ed.
Most of the essays in this collection originated as presentations at the University of California, Los Angeles, Conference on Computers and Writing, held in May 1985. Issues addressed in the volume range from concrete, practical considerations (such as designing classroom exercises) to political and theoretical ones (such as the instructor's…
The Barbarian within and Other Fugitive Essays and Studies.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ong, Walter J.
The fifteen essays collected here are grouped under three sections, each dealing with a different, but related theme. The first section, exploring the relationship of literature to the human being, includes "The Jinnee in the Well Wrought Urn,""A Dialectic of Aural and Objective Correlatives,""Metaphor and the Twinned Vision," and"Voice as Summons…
Speaking in Many Tongues: Essays in Foreign Language Teaching.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rivers, Wilga M.
This collection of 10 essays on the nature of second language learning focuses mainly on distinctions between the audiolingual and the cognitive-code theory of learning and also on the interrelationships between psychology, linguistics, and second language learning. A synthesis which cuts across divisions in methodology, caused by superficial…
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part V--Intangible Assets
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Laux, Judy
This article represents the fifth in a series of theoretical essays intended to supplement the introductory financial accounting course and investigates the accounting treatment and related conceptual connections for intangibles. In addition, intangibles present unique accounting issues, conceptual challenges, and measurement dilemmas not found…
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part III--Inventory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Laux, Judy
The third in a series of theoretical essays intended to supplement the introductory financial accounting course, this article is dedicated to the treatment of inventory and its related conceptual connections. In addition, this paper addresses inventory measurement dilemmas, describes scandalous accounting episodes that have made the headlines, and…
Essays on Public Documents and Government Policies (2).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Morehead, Joe
Eight essays address a range of topics including government serials and economic analysis, crime statistics and the F.B.I., nuclear holocaust and public policy, the history of the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena, Congressman William Steiger and the Congressional Record, and the public papers of Richard Nixon. (EM)
Essays on Public Documents and Government Policies (1).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Morehead, Joe
Four essays on U.S. government documents address the didactic nature of many government publications; the reliability of government information and statistics on energy, crime, consumer prices, and unemployment; user needs and access to government information; and sources and services for science and technology libraries. (EM)
Baudelaire: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Peyre, Henri, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Paul Valery, Henri Peyre, Fracois Mauriac, Charles du Bos, Etienne Gilson, P.M. Pasinetti, John Middleton Murry, Marcel Proust, Georges Poulet, Erich Auerbach, and Jean Prevost--all dealing with the biography and literary…
Teaching: What We Do. Essays by Amherst College Faculty.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Amherst Coll., MA.
In this book, 14 members of the Amherst College faculty write on the subject of teaching: how they teach; what comprises their own research; and what kind of relationship between the two they fashion in their lives. Essays and their authors are as follows: "English and the Promise of Happiness" (Benjamin DeMott); "The Dragon" (George Greenstein);…
Narrative in Essays: A Challenge of Textbook Truisms.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hesse, Douglas
Most textbooks, ignoring current narrative theory, fail to explain a large number of published essays containing narrative. To challenge textbook definitions of narratives, three points should be made: (1) a clear distinction should be recognized between narratives making points and narratives proving points, (2) the textbook equating of…
The Unlikelihood of Family: A Photographic Essay on Transnational Experiences
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Navarro, Cristina Llerena
In this photo essay, Cristina Llerena Navarro captures moments in the everyday lives of mixed-status families. Through her narrative and images, Llerena shares the stories of these families, their journeys to the United States as well as the consequences of deportation on the family unity. She evokes the children's deep yearning to be reunited…
John Brown's Elementa Medicinae: An Introductory Bibliographical Essay *
Overmier, Judith A.
This Gottlieb essay reports the initial findings of an in-progress bibliographic study of the Elementa Medicinae of the eighteenth century Scottish physician, John Brown (1735-1788). The bibliographic history of each of the three pivotal London editions of 1788, 1795, and 1804 is described in detail; Mexican, German, and American editions are also described. Images PMID:7052167
Keats: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bate, Walter Jackson, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Walter Jackson Bate, T. S. Eliot, Douglas Bush, Richard H. Fogle, Jack Stillinger, Harold Bloom, David Perkins, Earl Wasserman, and D. G. James--all dealing with the biography and literary work of John Keats. Designed for…
Should God Get Tenure? Essays on Religion and Higher Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gill, David W., Ed.
Essays on the role of religion in higher education include: "Should God Get Tenure?" (David W. Gill); "On Being a Professor: The Case of Socrates" (Bruce R. Reichenbach); "Academic Excellence: Cliche or Humanizing Vision?" (Merold Westphal); "Religion, Science, and the Humanities in the Liberal Arts Curriculum" (H. Newton Maloney); "Tolstoy and…
Automated Essay Scoring versus Human Scoring: A Correlational Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wang, Jinhao; Brown, Michelle Stallone
The purpose of the current study was to analyze the relationship between automated essay scoring (AES) and human scoring in order to determine the validity and usefulness of AES for large-scale placement tests. Specifically, a correlational research design was used to examine the correlations between AES performance and human raters' performance.…
Certainty Judgements and the Status of Propositions in Undergraduate Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Siew Mei, Wu
This paper explores the expression of certainty in a set of high- and low-rated Geography argumentative essays. Using one aspect of Hunston's (1989, 2000) concept of the evaluation of status, the paper compares the statement types used to construe the writer's expression of certainty in the construction of arguments. Drawing on the…
"Argument!" Helping Students Understand What Essay Writing Is About
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wingate, Ursula
Argumentation is a key requirement of the essay, which is the most common genre that students have to write. However, how argumentation is realised in disciplinary writing is often poorly understood by academic tutors, and therefore not adequately taught to students. This paper presents research into undergraduate students' concepts of argument…
Racism and Mental Health: Essays. Contemporary Community Health Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Willie, Charles V., Ed.; And Others
These 15 essays by leading psychiatrists, sociologists, educators, demographers, and health administrators are organized into four parts: "Overview,""Clinical Context,""Social Context," and "Action Context." Part I includes: "Racism and Mental Health as a Field of Thought and Action," Bernard M. Kramer; and, "Historical Perspectives on Mental…
Essays on Pricing of Information Goods and Services
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lahiri, Atanu
This dissertation consists of three essays that examine, in three specific contexts, issues related to pricing of information goods and services. As the ability to measure technology resource usage gets easier with increased connectivity, the question whether a technology resource should be priced by the amount of the resource used or by the…
Teaching Law with Computers: A Collection of Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Burris, Russell; And Others
The use of the computer in teaching law is examined in this collection of essays. Discussed are the development of law-related programmed workbooks, predecessors to computer aided instruction (CAI); research findings and their implications for the design of law-related CAI exercises; advantages and limitations of CAI programs in law; and attempts…
A Brief Response to Three Critical Essays on "Why Literacy?"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Responds to Cipro, Mathur, and Kassam's critical essays (in this issue) on his previous study of literacy and national development. The author offers clarification or further thoughts on several statements with which he disagrees, such as the theory of stages for literacy, work-oriented literacy, and the quality of life and liberation. (MF)
Fielding: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Paulson, Ronald, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Ronald Paulson, A. R. Humphreys, Winfield H. Rogers, Ian Watt, Maynard Mack, Mark Spilka, Aurelien Digeon, Andre Gide, Arnold Kettle, John Middleton Murry, William Empson, George Sherburn, and John S. Coolidge--all…
Dostoevsky: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wellek, Rene, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Rene Wellek, Philip Rahv, Murray Krieger, Irving Howe, Eliseo Vivas, D. H. Lawrence, Sigmund Freud, Dmitri Chizhevsky, V. V. Zenkovsky, Georg Lukacs, and Derek Traversi--all dealing with the biography and literary work of…
The Mimbres: Art and Archeology. A Reprint of Three Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
This book contains reprints of three essays by Jesse Walter Fewkes (1850-1930) on the pottery of the prehistoric Mimbres Indians. The three papers were originally published by the Smithsonian Institution between 1914 and 1924. The first, "Archeology of the Lower Mimbres Valley, New Mexico," examines historical references to ancient Indian…
Cosmopolitanism and Peace in Kant's Essay on "Perpetual Peace"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Huggler, Jorgen
Immanuel Kant's essay on Perpetual Peace (1795/96) contains a rejection of the idea of a world government (earlier advocated by Kant himself). In connexion with a substantial argument for cosmopolitan rights based on the human body and its need for a space on the surface of the Earth, Kant presents the most rigorous philosophical formulation ever…
Review Essay: Recent Additions to the Rosenwald Historiography
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Beilke, Jayne R.
This essay reviews two books on Julius Rosenwald and the Rosenwald Fund and places them within the historiography of the Fund. "Julius Rosenwald: The Man Who Built Sears, Roebuck and Advanced the Cause of Black Education in the American South," is a biography written by Peter M. Ascoli. The book entitled "The Rosenwald Schools of the American…
Leadership in the '80s: Essays on Higher Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Argyris, Chris; Cyert, Richard M.
Two essays and two commentaries on leadership in higher education in the 1980s are presented. In "Education Administrators and Professionals," Chris Argyris considers the decline of public confidence in institutions and professionals by elaborating the concepts of single-loop (detecting and correcting error without altering underlying values or…
Sources of Social Control in School: A Speculative Essay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schlechty, Phillip C.; Burke, William I.
This essay attempts to demonstrate that age segregation and subject matter specialization are two important supports of the authority of teachers and the school's ability to control students. Therefore, efforts to change these organizational patterns without considering alternative means of establishing control are doomed to failure. (Author/SJL)
The Essay: Theory and Pedagogy for an Active Form.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Heilker, Paul
Calling for a radical reexamination of the traditional foundation of composition instruction--the thesis/support form, this book argues that the essay, with its informality, conversational tone, meditative mood, and integration of form and content, is better suited to developmental, epistemological, ideological, and feminist rhetorical…
Moliere: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Guicharnaud, Jacques, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Jacques Guicharnaud, Rene Bray, Gustave Lanson, Alfred Simon, Will G. Moore, Ramon Fernandez, Paul Benichou, Lionel Gossman, Andre Villiers, James Doolittle, H. Gaston Hall, Robert J. Nelson, Jacques Copeau, Charles…
Melville: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chase, Richard, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Richard Chase, D. H. Lawrence, Newton Arvin, Alfred Kazin, Henry A. Murray, R. P. Blackmur, Marius Bewley, Richard Harter Fogle, Daniel G. Hoffman, Robert Penn Warren, and F. O. Matthiessen--all dealing with the biography…
Three Epiphanic Fragments: Education and the Essay in Memory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Aldridge, David
Pádraig Hogan has argued for a powerful conception of education as epiphany that is illuminated by the work of Heidegger and Joyce. But what are we to make of Stephen Dedalus' intention (pretension?) to "Remember your epiphanies"? Developing the phenomenological Erinnerungsversuch or "essay in memory" of David Farrell…
Essays on the Economics of Education in Mexico
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Perez Arce Novaro, Francisco
This thesis consists of three essays in the economics of education with an empirical focus on Mexico. The first two chapters study a college in Mexico whose admission decisions are made through a lottery. Some applicants are randomly assigned into a group that can immediately enroll and the rest into a group that can only do so after waiting…
Essays on Government Documents and Public Policies (5).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Morehead, Joe
Six essays describe the Pentagon's magazine publishing empire, how the Reagan Administration's "War on Waste" eliminated both substantive and frivolous publications, the employment outlook for librarians in the Occupational Outlook Handbook, the 1979 Yearbook on Agriculture, the often unintelligible language of government documents, and the…
The Oldest Cave Art: An Essay on Giftedness and Excellence.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Breen, Maureen; White, David A.
This essay examines issues of giftedness and excellence, beginning with classical references to human striving toward the "good," the attraction of gifted children to quality, and the recent discovery of the oldest known cave art with its manifest excellence. Classroom activities related to cave art and language arts, social studies, sciences,…
Camus: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Seies.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bree, Germaine, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Germaine Bree, Nicola Chairmonte, Serge Doubrovsky, Justin O'Brien, Wilfrid Sheed, Roger Quilliot, Thomas L. Hanna, Bernard C. Murchland, Henri Peyre, S. Beynon John, Rachel Bespaloff, Jean-Paul Sartre, Robert Champigny,…
Thematic Patterns in Baldwin's Essays: A Study in Chaos
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Collier, Eugene
Describes how James Baldwin in his essays unravels the complexities of the present--complexities which involve the history and projected future of blacks, as well as their turbulent present. Baldwin's vision is not of a monolithic society but of tranquility within duality, an acceptance of two-ness in American society. (RJ)
A Sense of Story: Essays on Contemporary Writers for Children.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Townsend, John Rowe
This is an introduction to the work of 19 contemporary English-language writers for children. It consists of critical essays on the works of Joan Aiken, L. M. Boston, H. F. Brinsmead, John Christopher, Helen Cresswell, Meindert DeJong, Eleanor Estes, Paula Fox, Leon Garfield, Alan Garner, Madeleine L'Engle, William Mayne, Andre Norton, Scott…
Last Interview with W. Eugene Smith on the Photo Essay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kobre, Ken
An interview with W. Eugene Smith, well-known photographer and photographic essayist, is presented in this paper. The introductory section of the paper contains a biographical sketch of Smith and a discussion of his photographic essays on a number of topics, including World War II scenes, life in a Spanish village, the work of a black midwife in…
Hesse: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ziolkowski, Theodore, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection contains essays by Thomas Mann, Andre Gide, Martin Buber, Ernst Robert Curtius, Oskar Seidlin, Hans Mayer, G. W. Field, Jeffrey Sammons, and the editor, Theodore Ziolkowski--all dealing with the biography and literary work of Hermann Hesse.…
Validating Automated Essay Scoring for Online Writing Placement
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ramineni, Chaitanya
In this paper, I describe the design and evaluation of automated essay scoring (AES) models for an institution's writing placement program. Information was gathered on admitted student writing performance at a science and technology research university in the northeastern United States. Under timed conditions, first-year students (N = 879) were…
Automated Essay Scoring versus Human Scoring: A Comparative Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wang, Jinhao; Brown, Michelle Stallone
The current research was conducted to investigate the validity of automated essay scoring (AES) by comparing group mean scores assigned by an AES tool, IntelliMetric [TM] and human raters. Data collection included administering the Texas version of the WriterPlacer "Plus" test and obtaining scores assigned by IntelliMetric [TM] and by human…
Language and Teaching: Essays in Honor of W. Wilbur Hatfield.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McDavid, Virginia, Ed.
This collection of 10 essays is concerned with the leadership and current trends in English language teaching. Specific topics of papers are (1) W. Wilbur Hatfield as "The Pattern Maker," by James Mason, (2) Hatfield as an innovator in the teaching of literature and language, by Irwin Suloway, (3) "Changes in English Teaching in the Past Decades,"…
Roots and Branches: Contemporary Essays by West Coast Writers.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Junker, Howard, Ed.
Celebrating the vitality and diversity of West Coast writing, this book is a collection of 35 essays by writers based in California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. Loosely organized around the ideas that West Coast writers often look to their roots elsewhere and that they pursue new directions as varied as their roots, the collection presents a…
Yeats: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Unterecker, John, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by John Unterecker, W. H. Auden, High Kenner, Giogio Melchiori, Frank Kermode, W. Y. Tindall, T. S. Eliot, R. P. Blackmur, Alex Zwerdling, Curtis Bradford, D. J. Gordon, Ian Fletcher, A. G. Stock, Allen Tate, and Richard…
Dryden: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schilling, Bernard N., Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Bernard Schilling, T. S. Eliot, Louis I. Bredvold, James M. Osborn, Reuben A. Brower, Edwin Morgan, Earl Wasserman, R. J. Kaufmann, Moody E. Prior, Earl W. Miner, Edward N. Hooker, E. M. W. Tillyard, John Hollander,…
Informative, Compare and Contrast, and Persuasive Essay Composing of Fifth and Seventh Graders: Not All Essay Writing Is the Same
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Davidson, Matt; Berninger, Virginia
Typically developing writers in fifth (n = 110, M = 10 years 8 months) or seventh (n = 97, M = 12 years 7 months) grade wrote informative, compare and contrast, and persuasive essays for which the content was held constant--two mountains with a history of volcanic eruption. Relevant background knowledge was provided by reading text and showing…
What Made Your Essay Successful? I "T.A.C.K.L.E.D" the Essay Question!
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Teo, Tze Kwang
Teaching in Singapore, Tze Kwang Teo cannot conceive of a history teacher unfamiliar with the mnemonic "PEE" (or "PEEL") used to structure students' essays. Its ubiquity is testimony to its power, reminding students both to explain and to substantiate their claims. Yet, as Foster and Gadd have argued, its neat formulation can…
President Lincoln and His Vice-Presidents. Lincoln Era Essay Contest Eleventh Annual Winners-1992.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cagle, William, Ed.
Sponsored by an endowment to Indiana University, the Lincoln Era Essay Contest has been held since 1982. Students in grades 6 to 12 may submit essays that address some topic dealing with Abraham Lincoln's presidency. A new topic is chosen each year. Written by middle school/junior high and high school students, this year's 19 essays concern…
The Rhetoric of College Application Essays: Removing Obstacles for Low Income and Minority Students
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Warren, James
Recent research on the college application essay has shown that essay prompts are misleading, and that the expectations of admissions officers remain largely implicit. These studies have not, however, examined how essays written by low-income, ethnic minority students are scored by admissions officers. For this study, forty-two seniors at a…
Influence of Cultural Norms and Collaborative Discussions on Children's Reflective Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kim, Il-Hee; Anderson, Richard C.; Miller, Brian; Jeong, Jongseong; Swim, Terri
This study investigated the influence of culture and discussion participation on rhetorical patterns in the reflective essays of 238 Korean and 196 American 4th-graders. Results showed significant differences between Korean children's essays and American children's essays in types of reasons, uses of argument elements, and uses of rhetorical…
Calibrated Peer Review Essays Increase Student Confidence in Assessing Their Own Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Likkel, Lauren
The online writing software Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) is a useful tool for assigning writing assignments in large college classes. In this system, students submit essays online and are guided in how to rate essays using criteria written by the instructor. The instructor does not have to grade the essays, and CPR has educational benefits that…
Effectiveness of An Essay Writing Strategy for Post-Secondary Students with Developmental Disabilities
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Woods-Groves, Suzanne; Therrien, William J.; Hua, Youjia; Hendrickson, Jo M.; Shaw, Julia W.; Hughes, Charles A.
This study examined the effectiveness of the ANSWER Strategy (Hughes, Schumaker, & Deshler, 2005) in improving the essay composition skills of post-secondary students with developmental disabilities. The six-step strategy incorporated analyzing essay prompts, creating an outline, generating an essay response, and reviewing the answer. The students…
A Collection of Five Short Essays on the Humanization of Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Engel, Martin
Five short essays by the same author comprise this document on humanistic education. The essays deal with defining humanism, day care centers, the politics of educational change, learning facilities, and a parable about education. In the first essay, the author sets out to define humanistic education. Education should not be concerned as much with…
An Overview of Three Approaches to Scoring Written Essays by Computer.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rudner, Lawrence; Gagne, Phill
Describes the three most promising approaches to essay scoring by computer: (1) Project Essay Grade (PEG; E. Page, 1966); (2) Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA; T. Landauer, 1997); and (3) E-rater (J. Burstein, Educational Testing Service). All of these proprietary systems return grades that correlate meaningfully with those of human raters. (SLD)
Technology Education for the 21st Century: A Collection of Essays. 49th Yearbook, 2000.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Martin, G. Eugene, Ed.
These 38 essays in 4 units are directed toward the future of technology education. Unit I: Evolving into the 21st Century has one essay, entitled "The Past Defines the Paths to be Taken" (Jerry Streichler). Essays 2-18, in Unit II: Exemplary Practices for the 21st Century, are "Developing a Curriculum Process" (Bryan Albrecht); "Design Problem…
Concepts for Care: 20 Essays on Infant/Toddler Development and Learning
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lally, J. Ronald, Ed.; Mangione, Peter L., Ed.; Greenwald, Deborah, Ed.
Leading experts in infant/toddler development have contributed succinct essays drawn from research, theory, clinical case studies, and carefully documented practice. Each essay represents current thinking in the field of infant/toddler development and care. Individually and as a collection, the essays provide a springboard for reflection,…
Three Essays on Teacher Education Programs and Test-Takers' Response Times on Test Items
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Qian, Hong
This dissertation includes three essays: one essay focuses on the effect of teacher preparation programs on teacher knowledge while the other two focus on test-takers' response times on test items. Essay One addresses the problem of how opportunities to learn in teacher preparation programs influence future elementary mathematics teachers'…
Computer Analysis of Student Essays: Finding Trait Differences in Student Profile.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Page, Ellis B.; Poggio, John P.; Keith, Timothy Z.
Most human gradings of essays are holistic, or "overall." Therefore, Project Essay Grade (PEG), an attempt to develop computerized grading of essays, has concentrated most of its research on overall grading. It has successfully simulated human judges. However, since computer grading is less expensive than human grading, PEG has also explored the…
"Why Literacy?" An Essay on the Connexion between Literacy and Development.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Erubu, Hamidu G.
In his review of Rafe-uz-Zaman's essay (see v9, n1 of this journal), the author recommends the essay's message for adult education planners but criticizes many of its views and methods of expression. He calls for discussion of methodology instead of the essay's random survey of various approaches to policy. (MF)
Discussion of David Thissen's Bad Questions: An Essay Involving Item Response Theory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wainer, Howard
The usual role of a discussant is to clarify and correct the paper being discussed, but in this case, the author, Howard Wainer, generally agrees with everything David Thissen says in his essay, "Bad Questions: An Essay Involving Item Response Theory." This essay expands on David Thissen's statement that there are typically two principal…
Design of an Automated Essay Grading (AEG) System in Indian Context
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ghosh, Siddhartha; Fatima, Sameen S.
Automated essay grading or scoring systems are no more a myth, but they are a reality. As of today, the human written (not hand written) essays are corrected not only by examiners/teachers but also by machines. The TOEFL exam is one of the best examples of this application. The students' essays are evaluated both by human and web based automated…
General Models for Automated Essay Scoring: Exploring an Alternative to the Status Quo
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kelly, P. Adam
Powers, Burstein, Chodorow, Fowles, and Kukich (2002) suggested that automated essay scoring (AES) may benefit from the use of "general" scoring models designed to score essays irrespective of the prompt for which an essay was written. They reasoned that such models may enhance score credibility by signifying that an AES system measures the same…
Essays on alternative energy policies affecting the US transportation sector
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
O'Rear, Eric G.
This dissertation encompasses three essays evaluating the impacts of different policies targeting the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fuel demands, etc. of the transportation sector. Though there are some similarities across the three chapters, each essay stands alone as an independent work. The 2010 US EPA MARKAL model is used in each essay to evaluate policy effects. Essay 1 focuses on the recent increases in Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, and the implications of a "rebound effect." These increases are compared to a carbon tax generating similar reductions in system-wide emissions. As anticipated, the largest reductions in fuel use by light-duty vehicles (LDV) and emissions are achieved under CAFE. Consideration of the rebound effect does little to distort CAFE benefits. Our work validates many economists' belief that a carbon tax is a more efficient approach. However, because the tax takes advantage of cheaper abatement opportunities in other sectors, reductions in transportation emissions will be much lower than what we observe with CAFE. Essay 2 compares CAFE increases with what some economists suggest would be a much more "efficient" alternative -- a system-wide oil tax internalizing some environmental externalities. Because oil taxes are likely to be implemented in addition to CAFE standards, we consider a combined policy case reflecting this. Our supplementary analysis approximates the appropriate tax rates to produce similar reductions in oil demands as CAFE (CAFE-equivalent tax rates). We discover that taxes result in greater and more cost-effective reductions in system-wide emissions and net oil imports than CAFE. The current fuel tax system is compared to three versions of a national vehicle miles traveled (VMT) tax charged to all LDVs in Essay 3. VMT taxes directly charge motorists for each mile driven and help to correct the problem of eroding tax revenues given the failure of today's fuel taxes to adjust with inflation. Results
Three Essays Examining Household Energy Demand and Behavior
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Murray, Anthony G.
This dissertation consists of three essays examining household energy decisions and behavior. The first essay examines the adoption of energy efficient Energy Star home appliances by U.S. households. Program effectiveness requires that consumers be aware of the labeling scheme and also change their purchase decisions based on label information. The first essay examines the factors associated with consumer awareness of the Energy Star label of recently purchased major appliances and the factors associated with the choice of Energy Star labeled appliances. The findings suggest that eliminating identified gaps in Energy Star appliance adoption would result in house electricity cost savings of $164 million per year and associated carbon emission reductions of about 1.1 million metric tons per year. The second essay evaluates household energy security and the effectiveness of the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), the single largest energy assistance program available to poor households within the United States. Energy security is conceptually akin to the well-known concept of food security. Rasch models and household responses to energy security questions in the 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey are used to generate an energy insecurity index that is consistent with those found in the food insecurity literature. Participating in LIHEAP is found to significantly reduce household energy insecurity score in the index. Further, simulations show that the elimination of the energy assistance safety net currently available to households increases the number of energy insecure house- holds by over 16 percent. The third essay develops a five equation demand system to estimate household own-price, cross-price and income elasticities between electricity, natural gas, food at home, food away from home, and non-durable commodity groups. Household cross-price elasticities between energy and food commodities are of particular importance. Energy price shocks
Attribution of control, essays, and early medical school experience.
Gardner, R
The research examines the workings of two mediating variables, attribution of control and social support, in a nonlinear model of stress research. Measuring in stressfully stimulating experience of being a first-year medical student, we found that a short instrument assessing locus of control in recent experience displayed stability and sensitivity to change in measuring two independent dimensions: internal and external loci of control. An independent variable, writing weekly essays for a faculty member who read them, commented on them supportively, and quickly returned them, interacted with time in producing changes in the student's attribution of control. The supported (essay) group became less internal and more external while demonstrating a lesser correlation with reported stress; and the nonwriting students augmented their perceptions of internal control but reported more correlated stress and less correlated reward. Miller's minimax theory of controllability derived from the experimental literature provided an explanation of these findings.
Ovarian and uterine ultrasonography in pediatric patients. Pictorial essay.
Asăvoaie, Carmen; Fufezan, Otilia; Coşarcă, Mihaela
Ultrasonography represents the method of choice in the investigation of the female pediatric pelvis. While the investigation itself poses no real challenges, an accurate interpretation of the images must take into consideration the specific features of the ovaries and uterus at certain ages. The present essay aims to demonstrate the normal appearance of the female pelvis and the changes that occur during the various stages of development as well as the some of the most common pathological conditions.
Pictorial essay: Uncommon causes of coronary artery encasement.
Yong, Yan Rong; Lath, Narayan; Cheah, Foong Koon; Ng, Yuen Li
This pictorial essay presents cases of non-atherosclerotic coronary artery encasement which were encountered in our institution, including malignant lymphoma, Erdheim-Chester disease, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease and Polyarteritis Nodosa. These conditions usually have multisystemic involvement which aid in the diagnosis. Awareness of these uncommon disorders and their ancillary findings can facilitate early, accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Malignant hyperechoic breast lesions at ultrasound: A pictorial essay.
Tiang, Stephen; Metcalf, Cecily; Dissanayake, Deepthi; Wylie, Elizabeth
Malignant breast lesions are typically hypoechoic at sonography. However, a small subgroup of hyperechoic malignant breast lesions is encountered in clinical practice. We present a pictorial essay of a number of different hyperechoic breast malignancies with mammographic, sonographic and histopathologic correlation. Suspicious sonographic features in a hyperechoic lesion include inhomogeneity in echogenic pattern, an irregular margin, posterior acoustic shadowing and internal vascularity. A hyperechoic lesion at ultrasound does not discount the need to undertake histological assessment of a mammographically suspicious lesion.
Anatomy of the ankle ligaments: a pictorial essay.
Golanó, Pau; Vega, Jordi; de Leeuw, Peter A J; Malagelada, Francesc; Manzanares, M Cristina; Götzens, Víctor; van Dijk, C Niek
Understanding the anatomy of the ankle ligaments is important for correct diagnosis and treatment. Ankle ligament injury is the most frequent cause of acute ankle pain. Chronic ankle pain often finds its cause in laxity of one of the ankle ligaments. In this pictorial essay, the ligaments around the ankle are grouped, depending on their anatomic orientation, and each of the ankle ligaments is discussed in detail.
Essays on the behavior of the oil market and OPEC
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Algudhea, Salim
This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay is mainly concerned with investigating the risk-responsive behavior of OPEC members. Economic theory suggests that producers respond to the risk of volatile price by lowering production level. In the case of OPEC, the risk of the volatility in the price of crude oil does not seem to be a key determinant in the production decision-making process. Engineering constraints, data frequency, and political consideration may be the main causes of such a result. In the second essay, we tested the presence of the asymmetric adjustment in the cheating behavior as a result of crude oil price shocks. We utilize a set of cointegration and error correction methods that do not assume a linear adjustment to test whether cheaters within OPEC respond more to positive or negative crude oil price shocks. We conclude that cheaters respond more to negative shocks than positive shocks in oil price. The inelastic nature of demand for oil seems to play a crucial role in such asymmetric behavior. When there is a negative price shock, OPEC producers compensate for the loss in revenue by overproducing (i.e. cheat). Yet, if there is a positive shock in the price of crude oil, OPEC producers have less incentive to overproduce because of the inelastic demand for oil. The third essay is concerned with testing for the asymmetric adjustment in gasoline prices in the U.S. We consider a Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (MTAR) process to test for the asymmetric adjustment in all of the possible stages that a gallon of gasoline goes through in order to find the source of asymmetry. Then, we examine the dynamics of gasoline prices using asymmetric error correction models based on the MTAR specifications. We find the asymmetric adjustment present in all stages. The asymmetry in the retail stage seems to be the result of insufficient demand faced by retailers.
Essays on electricity transmission investment and financial transmission rights
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shang, Wenzhuo
The U.S. electric power industry has been going through fundamental restructuring and realignment since the 1990's. Many issues and problems have emerged during the transition, and both economists and engineers have been looking for the solutions fervently. In this dissertation, which consists primarily of three essays, we apply economics theory and techniques to the power industry and address two related issues, transmission investment and financial transmission rights (FTRs). The first essay takes the decentralized perspective and investigates the efficiency attribute of market-based transmission investment under perfect competition. We clarify, for the first time, the nature of the externality created by loop flows that causes transmission investment to be inefficient. Our findings have important implications for better understanding of transmission market design and creating incentives for efficient transmission investment. In the second essay, we define several rules for allocating transmission investment cost within the framework of cooperative game theory. These rules provide fair, stable or efficient cost allocations in theory and are good benchmarks against which the allocation mechanism in practice can be compared and improved upon. In the last essay, we make exploratory efforts in analyzing and assessing empirically the performance of the Midwest independent system operator (MISO) FTR auction market. We reveal some stylized facts about this young market and find that it is not efficient under the risk-neutrality assumption. We also point out and correct the drawbacks in previous related work and suggest about more complete empirical work in future. In all, this dissertation makes both theoretic and empirical analysis of the two hot issues related to the power industry and comes up with findings that have important implications for the development of this industry.
Automated Guidance for Thermodynamics Essays: Critiquing Versus Revisiting
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Donnelly, Dermot F.; Vitale, Jonathan M.; Linn, Marcia C.
Middle school students struggle to explain thermodynamics concepts. In this study, to help students succeed, we use a natural language processing program to analyze their essays explaining the aspects of thermodynamics and provide guidance based on the automated score. The 346 sixth-grade students were assigned to either the critique condition where they criticized an explanation or the revisit condition where they reviewed visualizations. Within each condition, the student was assigned one of two types of tailored guidance based on the sophistication of their original essay. Both forms of guidance led to significant improvement in student understanding on the posttest. Guidance was more effective for students with low prior knowledge than for those with high prior knowledge (consistent with regression toward the mean). However, analysis of student responses to the guidance illustrates the value of aligning guidance with prior knowledge. All students were required to revise their essay as an embedded assessment. While effective, teachers involved in this study reported that revising is resisted by students and does not align with typical, vocabulary-focused classroom writing activities.
Timed essay writing: implications for high-stakes tests.
Gregg, Noel; Coleman, Chris; Davis, Mark; Chalk, Jill C
The majority of high-stakes tests from elementary school through postsecondary education include the timed impromptu essay as a measure of writing performance. For adolescents with writing disorders, this type of evaluation often presents a significant barrier. The purpose of the current study was twofold. First, we investigated the influence of handwritten, typed, and typed/edited formats of an expository essay on the quality scores received by students with (n = 65) and without (n = 65) dyslexia. Second, we examined the contribution of spelling, handwriting, fluency, and vocabulary complexity to the quality scores that students with and without dyslexia received on the same writing task. Analyses indicated that vocabulary complexity, verbosity, spelling, and handwriting accounted for more variance in essay quality scores for writers with dyslexia than for their typically achieving peers. Both group and individual student outcomes are reported to better understand the needs of struggling writers with dyslexia. Implications for assessment, instruction, and accommodations are discussed with an eye toward reform efforts that target improved teaching and learning.
Assessing the use of multiple sources in student essays.
Hastings, Peter; Hughes, Simon; Magliano, Joseph P; Goldman, Susan R; Lawless, Kimberly
The present study explored different approaches for automatically scoring student essays that were written on the basis of multiple texts. Specifically, these approaches were developed to classify whether or not important elements of the texts were present in the essays. The first was a simple pattern-matching approach called "multi-word" that allowed for flexible matching of words and phrases in the sentences. The second technique was latent semantic analysis (LSA), which was used to compare student sentences to original source sentences using its high-dimensional vector-based representation. Finally, the third was a machine-learning technique, support vector machines, which learned a classification scheme from the corpus. The results of the study suggested that the LSA-based system was superior for detecting the presence of explicit content from the texts, but the multi-word pattern-matching approach was better for detecting inferences outside or across texts. These results suggest that the best approach for analyzing essays of this nature should draw upon multiple natural language processing approaches.
Essays on energy, equity, and the environment in developing countries
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Israel, Debra Kim
The essays in this dissertation explore different environmental and public policy issues relevant to developing countries. Essay I examines household-level survey responses to the question "How willing would you be to pay somewhat higher taxes to the government if you knew the money would be spent to protect the environment and prevent land, water and air pollution?" Specifically, for twelve developing and three developed countries included in the survey, the empirical relationships among willingness to pay for environmental quality, relative household income and national income are investigated. The results indicate that when the effects of household and national income are combined, households with below-average income in low-income countries are less willing to pay for environmental protection than those with above-average income in high-income countries. Furthermore, willingness to pay for environmental protection increases more significantly with relative household income than with national income. Essay II uses data from urban Bolivia to study the determinants of household fuel choice, an important link between deforestation and indoor air pollution in developing countries. In particular, the effects of fixed fuel costs, income growth, and female earned income on household fuel choice are examined. The results imply that reduction in firewood use in developing countries is not likely to occur simply as the result of income growth. The essay discusses possible policy implications based on the results that fixed fuel costs appear to be a deterrent to switching to a cleaner fuel and households with female earned income seem less likely to use firewood than other households. Essay III analyzes the equity implications of the elimination of fuel subsidies in the 1985 Bolivian economic reforms. An analysis of the direct static burden shows that while the elimination of gasoline subsidies was progressively distributed, the elimination of LPG and kerosene subsidies
The SAT® Essay and College Performance: Understanding What Essay Scores Add to HSGPA and SAT. Research Report 2012-9 (REV: 4-2013)
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shaw, Emily J.; Kobrin, Jennifer L.
This study examines the relationship between students' SAT essay scores and college outcomes, including first-year grade point average (FYGPA) and first-year English course grade average (FY EngGPA), overall and by various demographic and academic performance subgroups. Results showed that the SAT essay score has a positive relationship with both…
A Differential Word Use Measure for Content Analysis in Automated Essay Scoring. Research Report. ETS RR-11-36
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Attali, Yigal
This paper proposes an alternative content measure for essay scoring, based on the "difference" in the relative frequency of a word in high-scored versus low-scored essays. The "differential word use" (DWU) measure is the average of these differences across all words in the essay. A positive value indicates the essay is using vocabulary more…
Can Online Peer Review Assignments Replace Essays in Third Year University Courses? And If So, What Are the Challenges?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smith, Martin
Essays are a traditional component of the course requirements in many post-secondary courses. However, the practical and pedagogical disadvantages of essays are significant. These include the increasing ease with which essays can be plagiarized, the lack of peer involvement in the traditional essay submission and feedback process, the usual lack…
Characteristic imaging features of body packers: a pictorial essay.
Ab Hamid, Suzana; Abd Rashid, Saiful Nizam; Mohd Saini, Suraini
The drug-trafficking business has risen tremendously because of the current increased demand for illegal narcotics. The smugglers conceal the drugs in their bodies (body packers) in order to bypass the tight security at international borders. A suspected body packer will normally be sent to the hospital for imaging investigations to confirm the presence of drugs in the body. Radiologists, therefore, need to be familiar with and able to identify drug packets within the human body because they shoulder the legal responsibilities. This pictorial essay describes the characteristic imaging features of drug packets within the gastrointestinal tract. PMID:22415809
ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Of Comets and Meteors.
Whipple, F L
Fred L. Whipple was born in Iowa in 1906. During his career as an astronomer, he discovered six comets and advanced the study of comets and meteors. He has encouraged amateur astronomers and advised many U.S. governmental and scientific agencies. He deduced that comets consist of ice and dust from observing that their orbits and timing change slightly through the gas vaporization from the ices. In this essay, he recounts highlights of his career, including developing radar-disrupting chaff and the promise of the global positioning system. PMID:17819566
Ophthalmologic abnormalities on FDG-PET/CT: a pictorial essay
Muzaffar, Razi; Shousha, Mohamed A.; Sarajlic, Lejla
Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) diagnoses, stages, and restages many cancers and is often better than anatomic imaging alone. However, abnormalities within the orbit present a challenge in evaluation, mainly due to the subtle findings on PET/computed tomography (CT). In addition, this region is typically at the edge of the field of view for the standard base of skull to upper thigh FDG-PET/CT scans. The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate several subtle and apparent abnormalities within the orbit that can have a profound impact on patient management and follow-up. PMID:23524026
Defense of Europe: a European perception. Student essay
Van Der Vlis, A.K.
Since its foundation in 1949 NATO has achieved remarkable success: the prevention of war with the Warsaw Pact. However, the continuation of relative peace in Europe is not assured. One of the present, disturbing developments is the decline of the cohesiveness of the Alliance. Different perspectives on the defense of Europe in the United States in the European countries are the main cause for this decline and are not well understood. This essay describes the European perception of NATO as a whole and the European perspectives on the nuclear and conventional aspects of the defense of Europe. The distinction between nuclear and conventional defense demonstrates the European perspective. Important aspects of the role of Europe in NATO in relation to the position and interests of the United States are discussed. Misunderstandings exist in this relationship on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, which in turn render limitations upon Europe in its efforts to reinforce the European pillar of NATO. The essay concludes with a short and long term outlook on the future of NATO. Three subjects directly related to the future of the defense of Europe and of NATO are presented. These are: (1) Alternatives to the defense of Europe; (2) Implications of new technological developments; (3) Improvement of conventional capabilities.
Essays on carbon policy and enhanced oil recovery
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cook, Benjamin R.
The growing concerns about climate change have led policy makers to consider various regulatory schemes designed to reduce the stock and growth of atmospheric CO2 concentrations while at the same time improving energy security. The most prominent proposals are the so called "cap-and-trade" frameworks which set aggregate emission levels for a jurisdiction and then issue or sell a corresponding number of allowances to emitters. Typically, these policy measures will also encourage the deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in geological formations and mature oil fields through subsidies or other incentives. The ability to store CO 2 in mature oil fields through the deployment of CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2--EOR) is particularly attractive as it can simultaneously improve oil recovery at those fields, and serve as a possible financial bridge to the development of CO2 transportation infrastructure. The purpose of this research is to explore the impact that a tandem subsidy-tax policy regime may have on bargaining between emitters and sequestration providers, and also to identify oil units in Wyoming that can profitably undertake CO 2--EOR as a starting point for the build-out of CO2 pipelines. In the first essay an economics lab experiment is designed to simulate private bargaining between carbon emitters (such as power plants) and carbon sequestration sites when the emitter faces carbon taxes, sequestration subsidies or both. In a tax-subsidy policy regime the carbon tax (or purchased allowances) can be avoided by sequestering the carbon, and in some cases the emitter can also earn a subsidy to help pay for the sequestration. The main policy implications of the experiment results are that the sequestration market might be inefficient, and sequestration providers seem to have bargaining power sufficient to command high prices. This may lead to the integration of CO2 sources and sequestration sites, and reduced prices for the injectable CO2 purchased by oil
Contextual essay for integrated thematic unit: Kids, Quarks, and Quanta
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Draeger, Vicki Lee
This essay provides the research and rationale to support the theory that early adolescence is the best time to present an introduction to quantum mechanics. It supports the creation of an integrated thematic unit to be used with students ages 11--14 in an inclusion classroom without limiting the unit to only an inclusion setting. The first section sets forth five problems the unit was written to address. Citing The National Center for Education Statistics 2000 version of The Nation's Report Card, the problems with current practices in science education resulting in poor student performance are presented. References to Project 2061: Science for All Americans help to demonstrate that students with disabilities are seldom considered when physical science curriculum is being developed, supporting the position that equity in science education is necessary, while maintaining challenging subject matter. The problem of the poor quality of many physical science texts is addressed, with an emphasis on the importance of curricular connections. The poor quality of physical science teacher training in many university teacher training courses is discussed, and the nature of the integrated thematic unit as a curriculum design is examined with reference to what is considered the over-emphasis on "reality-based" content to the exclusion of abstract subject matter. Having presented the problems and supporting their validity, the essay then demonstrated how Kids, Quarks, and Quanta specifically addresses each problem. The two and a half year study of Dr. John Hubisz and the committee he formed under The David and Lucille Packard Foundation grant to review and critique the physical science textbooks currently used with early adolescents is often referenced to support both the problems of teacher training and the poor quality of many texts. Recent brain research conducted by researchers of the National Institute of Mental Health is used to support the presentation of more abstract
Essays on environmental, energy, and natural resource economics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Fan
My dissertation focuses on examining the interrelationship among the environment, energy and economic development. In the first essay, I explore the effects of increased uncertainty over future output prices, input costs and productivity levels on intertemporal emission permits trading. In a dynamic programming setting, a permit price is a convex function of each of these three sources of uncertainty. Increased uncertainty about future market conditions increases the expected permit price and causes risk-neutral firms to reduce ex ante emissions to smooth marginal abatement costs over time. Empirical analysis shows that increased price volatility induced by electricity market restructuring could explain 8-11% of the allowances banked during Phase I of the U.S. sulfur dioxide trading program. Numerical simulation suggests that high uncertainty may generate substantial initial compliance costs, thereby deterring new entrants and reducing efficiency; sharp emission spikes are also more likely to occur under industry-wide uncertainty shocks. In the second essay, I examine whether electricity restructuring improves the efficiency of U.S. nuclear power generation. Based on the full sample of 73 investor-owned nuclear plants in the United States from 1992 to 1998, I estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal efficiency changes associated with restructuring, at the plant level. Various modeling strategies are presented to deal with the policy endogeneity bias that high cost plants are more likely to be restructured. Overall, I find a strikingly positive relationship between the multiple steps of restructuring and plant operating efficiency. In the third essay, I estimate the economic impact of China's national land conversion program on local farm-dependent economies. The impact of the program on 14 industrial sectors in Gansu provinces are investigated using an input-output model. Due to regulatory restrictions, the agricultural sector cannot automatically expand or shrink
Essay writing in biology: An example of effective student learning?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zeegers, Petrus; Giles, Lynne
The views of first-year biology students ( N=337) on an essay writing assignment were evaluated by means of a questionnaire. The students were asked to reflect on the strategies they employed, the number and type of resources used, their areas of difficulty and to evaluate their own performance. The data were used to elucidate possible areas of discrepancy between the approach taken by the students and that suggested by the Biology Department via information in student manuals and evaluation criteria. The data were also compared to similar studies on student writing previously reported for students of psychology and history. Finally a series of recommendations is made to help staff to allow their students to develop improved writing strategies, minimise the possible difficulties encountered and allow the writing exercise to fulfil its desired outcome, that of being an integral part of the process of learning.
Combating terrorism - a response in kind. Student essay
Lum, T.
Outside of armed conflicts representing nations with forces in uniforms, another kind of war has emerged waged by terrorists. For the past twenty years terrorists have waged war against nations for a variety of reasons. No rules of war govern their conduct nor do they observe any. Methods of combatting terrorism vary from nation to nation. Few nations agree totally on how to combat this form of lawlessness. This essay examines one approach and suggests another. President Reagan's ultimate decision to bomb Libya is examined through a discussion of the events, repercussions of these events, and world opinion of these events that preceded his decision. A harsher, more-controlled and personal approach to combatting terrorism is suggested and discussed.
Extrafetal Findings on Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Essay.
Epelman, Monica; Merrow, Arnold C; Guimaraes, Carolina V; Victoria, Teresa; Calvo-Garcia, Maria A; Kline-Fath, Beth M
Although US is the mainstay of fetal imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an invaluable adjunct in recent years. MRI offers superb soft tissue contrast that allows for detailed evaluation of fetal organs, particularly the brain, which enhances understanding of disease severity. MRI can yield results that are similar to or even better than those of US, particularly in cases of marked oligohydramnios, maternal obesity, or adverse fetal positioning. Incidentally detected extrafetal MRI findings are not uncommon and may affect clinical care. Physicians interpreting fetal MRI studies should be aware of findings occurring outside the fetus, including those structures important for the pregnancy. A systematic approach is necessary in the reading of such studies. This helps to ensure that important findings are not missed, appropriate clinical management is implemented, and unnecessary follow-up examinations are avoided. In this pictorial essay, the most common extrafetal abnormalities are described and illustrated.
Extrafetal Findings on Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Essay.
Epelman, Monica; Merrow, Arnold C; Guimaraes, Carolina V; Victoria, Teresa; Calvo-Garcia, Maria A; Kline-Fath, Beth M
Although US is the mainstay of fetal imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an invaluable adjunct in recent years. MRI offers superb soft tissue contrast that allows for detailed evaluation of fetal organs, particularly the brain, which enhances understanding of disease severity. MRI can yield results that are similar to or even better than those of US, particularly in cases of marked oligohydramnios, maternal obesity, or adverse fetal positioning. Incidentally detected extrafetal MRI findings are not uncommon and may affect clinical care. Physicians interpreting fetal MRI studies should be aware of findings occurring outside the fetus, including those structures important for the pregnancy. A systematic approach is necessary in the reading of such studies. This helps to ensure that important findings are not missed, appropriate clinical management is implemented, and unnecessary follow-up examinations are avoided. In this pictorial essay, the most common extrafetal abnormalities are described and illustrated. PMID:26614136
Splenic Anomalies of Shape, Size, and Location: Pictorial Essay
Yildiz, Adalet Elcin; Ariyurek, Macit Orhan; Karcaaltincaba, Musturay
Spleen can have a wide range of anomalies including its shape, location, number, and size. Although most of these anomalies are congenital, there are also acquired types. Congenital anomalies affecting the shape of spleen are lobulations, notches, and clefts; the fusion and location anomalies of spleen are accessory spleen, splenopancreatic fusion, and wandering spleen; polysplenia can be associated with a syndrome. Splenosis and small spleen are acquired anomalies which are caused by trauma and sickle cell disease, respectively. These anomalies can be detected easily by using different imaging modalities including ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and also Tc-99m scintigraphy. In this pictorial essay, we review the imaging findings of these anomalies which can cause diagnostic pitfalls and be interpreted as pathologic processes. PMID:23710135
[Pierre Bayen rediscovers the Essays of Jean Rey].
Lafont, Olivier
Jean Rey, a physician from The Bugue, a little town near Bergerac, published, in 1630, a book entitled "Essays" in which he explained the increase of the mass of lead, when it was strongly heated, by the fixation of a part of the air. This revolutionary publication was not received by the European scientists, because the Father Mersenne, "the secretary of learned Europe", was not able to repeat his experiments. Between 1774 and 1775, Pierre Bayen, who was a military apothecary, published his Works concerning the "precipitate per se", for us HgO, showing that when this compound was destroyed by heating, it produced a gas, and that the mass of this gas and the mass of the mercury obtained were equal to the mass of the "precipitate per se". He concluded that the phlogiston theory was contradictory with the results of the experiments. When, later on, Lavoisier published his important article on the increase of the mass of steal when it was heated in the air, he "forgot" to cite the Works of Bayen. In January 1775, Pierre Bayen published a letter in which he mentioned that he had discovered an exemplar of Jean Rey's book and explained that this physician of the 17th century had supposed the explanation that had been proved by Lavoisier. Nicolas Gobet then published a new edition of the "Essays" in 1777, but this new edition became itself quite rare. An inscription pencilled on the book kept by the British Museum pretends that all the exemplars Lavoisier could find were destroyed. It is not rigorous to conclude on a single document, especially when it is not signed, but it is sufficient to induce doubt.
[Pierre Bayen rediscovers the Essays of Jean Rey].
Lafont, Olivier
Jean Rey, a physician from The Bugue, a little town near Bergerac, published, in 1630, a book entitled "Essays" in which he explained the increase of the mass of lead, when it was strongly heated, by the fixation of a part of the air. This revolutionary publication was not received by the European scientists, because the Father Mersenne, "the secretary of learned Europe", was not able to repeat his experiments. Between 1774 and 1775, Pierre Bayen, who was a military apothecary, published his Works concerning the "precipitate per se", for us HgO, showing that when this compound was destroyed by heating, it produced a gas, and that the mass of this gas and the mass of the mercury obtained were equal to the mass of the "precipitate per se". He concluded that the phlogiston theory was contradictory with the results of the experiments. When, later on, Lavoisier published his important article on the increase of the mass of steal when it was heated in the air, he "forgot" to cite the Works of Bayen. In January 1775, Pierre Bayen published a letter in which he mentioned that he had discovered an exemplar of Jean Rey's book and explained that this physician of the 17th century had supposed the explanation that had been proved by Lavoisier. Nicolas Gobet then published a new edition of the "Essays" in 1777, but this new edition became itself quite rare. An inscription pencilled on the book kept by the British Museum pretends that all the exemplars Lavoisier could find were destroyed. It is not rigorous to conclude on a single document, especially when it is not signed, but it is sufficient to induce doubt. PMID:25671980
Comparison of Human and Machine Scoring of Essays: Differences by Gender, Ethnicity, and Country
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bridgeman, Brent; Trapani, Catherine; Attali, Yigal
Essay scores generated by machine and by human raters are generally comparable; that is, they can produce scores with similar means and standard deviations, and machine scores generally correlate as highly with human scores as scores from one human correlate with scores from another human. Although human and machine essay scores are highly related…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Deriving and Measuring Group Knowledge Structure from Essays: The Effects of Anaphoric Reference
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Clariana, Roy B.; Wallace, Patricia E.; Godshalk, Veronica M.
Essays are an important measure of complex learning, but pronouns can confound an author's intended meaning for both readers and text analysis software. This descriptive investigation considers the effect of pronouns on a computer-based text analysis approach, "ALA-Reader," which uses students' essays as the data source for deriving individual and…
Teaching for a Tolerant World, Grades 9-12. Essays and Resources.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Danks, Carol, Ed.; Rabinsky, Leatrice B., Ed.
The essays and resources in this book are designed to help high school English teachers adapt their own classroom lessons for teaching about genocide and intolerance. Beginning with guidelines developed by the National Council of teachers of English's Committee on Teaching about Genocide and Intolerance, the 16 essays present approaches to…
Analytical Essay Writing: A New Activity Introduced to a Traditional Curriculum
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kommalage, Mahinda
Medical students following a traditional curriculum get few opportunities to engage in activities such as a literature search, scientific writing, and active and collaborative learning. An analytical essay writing activity (AEWA) in physiology was introduced to first-year students. Each student prepared an essay incorporating new research findings…
Passages to Literature: Essays on Teaching in Australia, Canada, England, the United States, and Wales.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Milner, Joseph O'Beirne, Ed.; Milner, Lucy Floyd Morcock, Ed.
Representing Australia, Canada, England, the United States, and Wales, this collection of essays focuses on ways in which teachers can adapt classroom activities and modify writing assignments to encourage personal response and exploration of texts. Essays, their authors, and nationalities are as follows: (1) "The River and Its Banks: Response and…
Peace and Security Education in the Federal Republic of Germany. Three Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lessing, Clemens; And Others
Three essays related to peace and security education in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) are presented. The first essay, "An Example of Controversial Themes in Education: Peace and Security," by Clemens Lessing, uses a 1980 controversial discussion of the Committee of the Cultural Ministry as an example of controversial themes in education.…
Improving EFL Graduate Students' Proficiency in Writing through an Online Automated Essay Assessing System
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ma, Ke
This study investigates the effects of using an online Automated Essay Assessing (AEA) system on EFL graduate students' writing. Eighty four EFL graduate students divided into the treatment group and the control group participated in this study. The treatment group was asked to use an AEA system to assist their essay writing. Both groups were…
Eliciting Students' Understandings of Chemical Reactions Using Two Forms of Essay Questions during a Learning Cycle.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cavallo, Ann M. L.; McNeely, Jack C.; Marek, Edmund A.
Examines 9th grade students' explanations of chemical reactions using two forms of open-ended essay questions, those providing students with key terms to be used as "anchors" on which to base their essay, and those that do not provide terms. Results indicate that more misunderstandings were elicited by the use of key terms as compared to the…
Three Essays on Educator Labor Markets: Evidence from Missouri Public Schools
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shi, Shishan
This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay investigates the feasibility of moving high-performing teachers to low-performing schools using administrative micro data from Missouri. I define teacher labor markets concentrically and construct models to allow teachers' local labor markets, within teaching, to influence their mobility…
The Effects of Browse Time on the Internet on Students' Essay Scores
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Doan, Kim; Bloomfield, Aaron
This study examined how 30 minutes of search time on the Web affected students' essay scores in response to a writing prompt. Expository essays were obtained from 49 fourth- and fifth-grade students enrolled in an elementary school in Virginia, in the United States. Students were placed by random assignment into three groups with the same…
Essays on the Teaching of English: Reports of the Yale Conference on the Teaching of English.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gordon, Edward J., Ed.; Noyes, Edward S., Ed.
In this collection of 18 essays drawn from reports of the Yale Conferences on the Teaching of English, high school teachers present ways to handle problems relevant to all English classrooms. Essays on the teaching of language include a discussion of grammar, a definition and illustration of language study, and a consideration of the kinds of…
Essays on the Impact of Social Media: Evidence from the Music Industry and the Stock Market
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chen, Hailiang
As both individuals and businesses are starting to embrace social media, understanding the power and influence of social media becomes an important question. This dissertation aims to address this issue and study the impact of social media in different contexts. It consists of two essays. The first essay examines the effectiveness of social media…
Argument-Counterargument Structure in Indonesian EFL Learners' English Argumentative Essays: A Dialogic Concept of Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This study investigates the potential use of the argument-counterargument structure in English L2 essays written by Indonesian EFL learners. It examines whether L2 proficiency affects the use of opposing views in their essays, and measures whether there is a correlation between the use of the rhetorical structure and the participants' overall…
Lexical Cohesion in Students' Argumentative Essay among a Select Group of Filipino College Students
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Alarcon, Josephine B.
This study analyzed the lexical devices used by undergraduate students in their argumentative text using Halliday and Hasan (1976) and Halliday's (2004) taxonomy. One hundred forty-eight argumentative essays were analyzed. The essays underwent interrating by three independent raters using a 20-point rubric and were grouped according to rating.…
Academic Essay Writing as Imitative Problem Solving: Examples from Distance Learning
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Robertson, Sydney Ian
Students in tertiary education are often faced with the prospect of writing an essay on a topic they know nothing about in advance. In distance learning institutions, essays are a common method of assessment in the UK, and specified course texts remain the main sources of information the students have. How do students use a source text to…
"My Initial Concern Is to Get a Hearing": Exploring What Makes an Effective History Essay Introduction
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Worth, Paula
Struck by the dullness of some of her students' essay introductions, Paula Worth reflected on the fact that she had never focused specifically on introductions. After surveying existing work by history teachers on essay structure in general and introductions in particular, she turns to the work of historians. Drawing on scholarly writing by…
Intellect and Public Life: Essays on the Social History of Academic Intellectuals in the United States.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bender, Thomas
Eight essays discuss the relation of urban patterns of intellectual life and academic forms of higher learning. Themes that run through the essays include: the increasing incorporation of academic culture into the center of American life, socially and intellectually, is accompanied and causally related to a progressive impoverishment of the public…
Determining the Exchangeability of Concept Map and Problem-Solving Essay Scores
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hollenbeck, Keith; Twyman, Todd; Tindal, Gerald
This study investigated the score exchangeability of concept maps with problem-solving essays. Of interest was whether sixth-grade students' concept maps predicted their scores on essay responses that used concept map content. Concept maps were hypothesized to be alternatives to performance assessments for content-area domain knowledge in science.…
Team Dynamics. Essays in the Sociology and Social Psychology of Sport Including Methodological and Epistemological Issues.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lenk, Hans
This document contains nine essays on the sociology and social psychology of team dynamics, including methodological and epistemological issues involved in such study. Essay titles are: (1) Conflict and Achievement in Top Athletic Teams--Sociometric Structures of Racing Eight Oar Crews; (2) Top Performance Despite Internal Conflict--An Antithesis…
Severity Differences among Self-Assessors, Peer-Assessors, and Teacher Assessors Rating EFL Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Esfandiari, Rajab; Myford, Carol M.
We compared three assessor types (self-assessors, peer-assessors, and teacher assessors) to determine whether they differed in the levels of severity they exercised when rating essays. We analyzed the ratings of 194 assessors who evaluated 188 essays that students enrolled in two state-run universities in Iran wrote. The assessors employed a…
Assessing Writing in MOOCs: Automated Essay Scoring and Calibrated Peer Review™
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Balfour, Stephen P.
Two of the largest Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) organizations have chosen different methods for the way they will score and provide feedback on essays students submit. EdX, MIT and Harvard's non-profit MOOC federation, recently announced that they will use a machine-based Automated Essay Scoring (AES) application to assess written work in…
A Comparison of EFL Raters' Essay-Rating Processes across Two Types of Rating Scales
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Li, Hang; He, Lianzhen
This study used think-aloud protocols to compare essay-rating processes across holistic and analytic rating scales in the context of China's College English Test Band 6 (CET-6). A group of 9 experienced CET-6 raters scored the same batch of 10 CET-6 essays produced in an operational CET-6 administration twice, using both the CET-6 holistic…
The Reliability of Essay Marking in High-Stakes Chinese Second Language Examinations
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ren, Guanxin
Essay marking is a subjective intellectual exercise in which the score reliability can be influenced by many factors such as the test design, the marker's interpretation of the marking criteria, the procedure, and the method used in the marking process. After conducting a literature review this study investigated the reliability of essay marking…
Connecting the Dots: The Labor Market Information View of Workforce Development. Essays for the Practitioner.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Froeschle, Richard, Ed.
This monograph is comprised of 12 essays related to the federal Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), each of which serves as a generic primer on a topic relevant to work force development staff and researchers nationwide. The essays are "Learning the Language of LMI (Labor Market Information): Basic Labor Market Information Terms and Concepts"…
The Determination of Children's Knowledge of Global Lunar Patterns from Online Essays Using Text Mining Analysis
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cheon, Jongpil; Lee, Sangno; Smith, Walter; Song, Jaeki; Kim, Yongjin
The purpose of this study was to use text mining analysis of early adolescents' online essays to determine their knowledge of global lunar patterns. Australian and American students in grades five to seven wrote about global lunar patterns they had discovered by sharing observations with each other via the Internet. These essays were analyzed for…
A Strategy for Detection of Inconsistency in Evaluation of Essay Type Answers
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shukla, Archana; Chaudhary, Banshi D.
The quality of evaluation of essay type answer books involving multiple evaluators for courses with large number of enrollments is likely to be affected due to heterogeneity in experience, expertise and maturity of evaluators. In this paper, we present a strategy to detect anomalies in evaluation of essay type answers by multiple evaluators based…
Wisconsin Women, Graduate School, and the Professions. University Women: A Series of Essays, Volume II.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Swoboda, Marian J., Ed.; Roberts, Audrey J., Ed.
This volume of essays examines the role of women in the development of public higher education at the University of Wisconsin and Wisconsin State Universities. Part 1, "Turn of the Century Beginnings," contains an essay by Jean Droste titled "Vocational Aspirations and Job Realities." Part 2 focuses on women in the professional schools on the…
The three essays and the meaning of the infantile sexual in psychoanalysis.
Scarfone, Dominique
Freud's Three Essays on Sexual Theory (1905a) are still today highly significant because of their novel way of considering the human sexual dimension. The author intends to show that a close reading of the Essays, combined with the reintroduction of the seduction theory by Jean Laplanche, provides a specific and foundational sexual theory for psychoanalysis. PMID:24777367
Scoring with the Computer: Alternative Procedures for Improving the Reliability of Holistic Essay Scoring
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Attali, Yigal; Lewis, Will; Steier, Michael
Automated essay scoring can produce reliable scores that are highly correlated with human scores, but is limited in its evaluation of content and other higher-order aspects of writing. The increased use of automated essay scoring in high-stakes testing underscores the need for human scoring that is focused on higher-order aspects of writing. This…
Experimenting with a Computer Essay-Scoring Program Based on ESL Student Writing Scripts
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Coniam, David
This paper describes a study of the computer essay-scoring program BETSY. While the use of computers in rating written scripts has been criticised in some quarters for lacking transparency or lack of fit with how human raters rate written scripts, a number of essay rating programs are available commercially, many of which claim to offer comparable…
Effects of Scoring by Section and Independent Scorers' Patterns on Scorer Reliability in Biology Essay Tests
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ebuoh, Casmir N.; Ezeudu, S. A.
The study investigated the effects of scoring by section, use of independent scorers and conventional patterns on scorer reliability in Biology essay tests. It was revealed from literature review that conventional pattern of scoring all items at a time in essay tests had been criticized for not being reliable. The study was true experimental study…
Technical and Business Communication: Bibliographic Essays for Teachers and Corporate Trainers.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sides, Charles H., Ed.
This collection of essays addresses the challenges of technical communication and provides detailed information for instructors and researchers who wish to further their knowledge of particular areas within technical communication. The essays in this collection also address the problems of a large, complex, and growing academic endeavor. The…
Enhancing Argumentative Essay Writing of Fourth-Grade Students with Learning Disabilities
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Deatline-Buchman, Andria; Jitendra, Asha K.
A within-subject pretest-posttest comparison design was used to explore the effectiveness of a planning and writing intervention in improving the argumentative writing performance of five fourth-grade students with learning disabilities. Students were taught to collaboratively plan and revise their essays and independently write their essays using…
Educational Exchanges: Essays on the Sino-American Experience. Research Papers and Policy Studies 21.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kallgren, Joyce K., Ed.; Simon, Denis Fred, Ed.
The essays in this monograph (except one) were originally presented and discussed at the Conference on Sino-American Cultural and Scientific Exchanges held in Honolulu, Hawaii in February 1985. Frank Ninkovich presents some of the thoughts that characterized the U.S. approach to cultural exchanges before 1940. In her essay on the pre-World War II…
The three essays and the meaning of the infantile sexual in psychoanalysis.
Scarfone, Dominique
Freud's Three Essays on Sexual Theory (1905a) are still today highly significant because of their novel way of considering the human sexual dimension. The author intends to show that a close reading of the Essays, combined with the reintroduction of the seduction theory by Jean Laplanche, provides a specific and foundational sexual theory for psychoanalysis.
Applications of Agent Based Approaches in Business (A Three Essay Dissertation)
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Prawesh, Shankar
The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the enabling role that agent based simulation plays in business and policy. The aforementioned issue has been addressed in this dissertation through three distinct, but related essays. The first essay is a literature review of different research applications of agent based simulation in various…
Teaching Leadership: Essays in Theory and Practice. American University Studies. Series XIV, Education. Volume 40.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Temes, Peter S., Ed.
All the essays in this collection explicitly or implicitly discuss the ethics of leadership. Paul Johnson's "Plato's Republic as Leadership Text" is an essay on Plato and Nietzsche that considers two fundamental issues: the use of force and persuasion and the tension between the actions that lead to a position of leadership and the actions after…
Women Emerge in the Seventies. University Women: A Series of Essays, Volume III.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Swoboda, Marian J., Ed.; Roberts, Audrey J., Ed.
This monograph reviews the role of women in the development of public higher education at the University of Wisconsin with special focus on the period of the 1970s. Essays are presented in the categories of the politicization of women, curriculum, language, athletics, lifestyle, and the re-entry woman. Essays include: "The Women's Movement and the…
Libraries and the Future: Essays on the Library in the Twenty-First Century.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lancaster, Frederick Wilfrid, Ed.
The essays collected in this volume present the personal visions of several individuals, mostly librarians and other information professionals, on what the library might look like 25 or 30 years from now. The contributors represent a wide variety of libraries and related institutions on four continents. The essays collected are: "Introduction:…
The Relationship of Teacher-Personality Type to Grading Freshman Composition Essays: An Empirical Study.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Covner, Thelma Crockin
To gain insight into the evaluation of college freshman compositions, a study explored the relationship between the personality type of the instructor and the grades assigned to essays written by freshman composition students. The sample comprised 23 college instructors who answered a short questionnaire, graded the same expository essay, and…
An Evaluation of the IntelliMetric[SM] Essay Scoring System
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rudner, Lawrence M.; Garcia, Veronica; Welch, Catherine
This report provides a two-part evaluation of the IntelliMetric[SM] automated essay scoring system based on its performance scoring essays from the Analytic Writing Assessment of the Graduate Management Admission Test[TM] (GMAT[TM]). The IntelliMetric system performance is first compared to that of individual human raters, a Bayesian system…
Why I Can't Read Wallace Stegner and Other Essays: A Tribal Voice.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cook-Lynn, Elizabeth
In this collection of essays, a Native American feminist intellectual, poet, and literary scholar grapples with issues she encountered as a Native American in academia. The essays examine and criticize the enormous impact of America's media culture and ask questions about who is telling Native peoples' stories, where cultural authority lies, and…
Using Automated Essay Scores as an Anchor When Equating Constructed Response Writing Tests
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Almond, Russell G.
Assessments consisting of only a few extended constructed response items (essays) are not typically equated using anchor test designs as there are typically too few essay prompts in each form to allow for meaningful equating. This article explores the idea that output from an automated scoring program designed to measure writing fluency (a common…
The Use of Discourse Markers among Form Four SLL Students in Essay Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Yunis, Melor Md; Haris, Siti Nor Fatimah
This paper investigates the use of discourse markers among Form Four second language learner (SLL) students in essay writing. The objectives of this study are to discover how Form Four SLL students use discourse markers in their essay writing and to identify the teachers' perception about the usage of discourse markers among students. 30…
Lure and Loathing: Essays on Race, Identity, and the Ambivalence of Assimilation.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Early, Gerald, Ed.
Black intellectuals and writers were invited to write essays on assimilation, race, and identity, using a famous quotation from W. E. B. Du Bois about the double soul of the American Negro as a point of departure. Considering the double consciousness of which Du Bois wrote resulted in the following essays: (1) "Free at Last? A Personal Perspective…
Discussion of David Thissen's Bad Questions: An Essay Involving Item Response Theory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ackerman, Terry
In this commentary, University of North Carolina's associate dean of research and assessment at the School of Education Terry Ackerman poses questions and shares his thoughts on David Thissen's essay, "Bad Questions: An Essay Involving Item Response Theory" (this issue). Ackerman begins by considering the two purposes of Item Response…
Knowledge, Difference, and Power: Essays Inspired by "Women's Ways of Knowing."
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Goldberger, Nancy Rule, Ed.; Tarule, Jill Mattuck, Ed.; Clinchy, Blythe McVicker, Ed.; Belenky, Mary Field, Ed.
This book contains 14 essays exploring how the theory of women's psychology, development, and ways of knowing has developed during the past decade. The following essays are included: "The Beginning of the Story: Collaboration and Separation" (Nancy Rule Goldberger); "Looking Backward, Looking Forward" (Nancy Rule Goldberger); "Reconfiguring…
Teaching for a Tolerant World, Grades K-6: Essays and Resources.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Robertson, Judith P., Ed.
This book presents essays and resources that address crucial questions regarding how children should learn about genocide and intolerance and the literature used in teaching these topics. Part 1 (Guidelines on Teaching about Genocide and Intolerance through Language Arts/English Studies Education) includes the following 2 essays: "Editor's…
Researching Race and Social Justice in Education: Essays in Honour of Barry Troyna.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sikes, Pat, Ed.; Rizvi, Fazal, Ed.
The essays in this book comprise a "festschrift", a group of essays, to commemorate Barry Troyna, who made an important contribution to thinking about race, racism, and research on social-justice issues in the school context. Much of his work was directed at showing that it was impossible to research questions of "race" relations in a neutral or…
Complementing Human Judgment of Essays Written by English Language Learners with E-Rater[R] Scoring
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Enright, Mary K.; Quinlan, Thomas
E-rater[R] is an automated essay scoring system that uses natural language processing techniques to extract features from essays and to model statistically human holistic ratings. Educational Testing Service has investigated the use of e-rater, in conjunction with human ratings, to score one of the two writing tasks on the TOEFL-iBT[R] writing…
On the Relation between Automated Essay Scoring and Modern Views of the Writing Construct
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Deane, Paul
This paper examines the construct measured by automated essay scoring (AES) systems. AES systems measure features of the text structure, linguistic structure, and conventional print form of essays; as such, the systems primarily measure text production skills. In the current state-of-the-art, AES provide little direct evidence about such matters…
Experimental Evidence on the Effectiveness of Automated Essay Scoring in Teacher Education Cases
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Riedel, Eric; Dexter, Sara L.; Scharber, Cassandra; Doering, Aaron
Research on computer-based writing evaluation has only recently focused on the potential for providing formative feedback rather than summative assessment. This study tests the impact of an automated essay scorer (AES) that provides formative feedback on essay drafts written as part of a series of online teacher education case studies. Seventy…
Exposing the Essay: A Study of Ninth Graders and Expository Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Evensen, Sarah Charlotte
This thesis uses empirical research in order to understand effective strategies for successfully teaching of the expository essay to ninth grade students. Five focal areas are studied for targeted intervention in order to discover best practices for maximizing student learning of the essay format. The study hypothesizes that in order for ninth…
Three essays in transportation energy and environmental policy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hajiamiri, Sara
Concerns about climate change, dependence on oil, and unstable gasoline prices have led to significant efforts by policymakers to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and oil consumption. The transportation sector is one of the principle emitters of CO2 in the US. It accounts for two-thirds of total U.S. oil consumption and is almost entirely dependent on oil. Within the transportation sector, the light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet is the main culprit. It is responsible for more than 65 percent of the oil used and for more than 60 percent of total GHG emissions. If a significant fraction of the LDV fleet is gradually replaced by more fuel-efficient technologies, meaningful reductions in GHG emissions and oil consumption will be achieved. This dissertation investigates the potential benefits and impacts of deploying more fuel-efficient vehicles in the LDV fleet. Findings can inform decisions surrounding the development and deployment of the next generation of LDVs. The first essay uses data on 2003 and 2006 model gasoline-powered passenger cars, light trucks and sport utility vehicles to investigate the implicit private cost of improving vehicle fuel efficiencies through reducing other desired attributes such as weight (that is valued for its perceived effect on personal safety) and horsepower. Breakeven gasoline prices that would justify the estimated implicit costs were also calculated. It is found that to justify higher fuel efficiency standards from a consumer perspective, either the external benefits need to be very large or technological advances will need to greatly reduce fuel efficiency costs. The second essay estimates the private benefits and societal impacts of electric vehicles. The findings from the analysis contribute to policy deliberations on how to incentivize the purchase and production of these vehicles. A spreadsheet model was developed to estimate the private benefits and societal impacts of purchasing and utilizing three electric vehicle
A Pilot Intervention to Improve the Structural Quality of Exam Essay Writing in UK Undergraduate Psychology Students
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Connelly, Vincent; Dockrell, Julie E.; Barnett, Jo
Psychology undergraduates need to produce good quality essays in order to succeed at university. Students find the transition to university writing difficult. Using a rubric, a profile of student weakness in psychology essay writing was described. The students were generally poor at the structural organisation of their essays. A pilot intervention…
They Came To Learn, They Came To Teach, They Came To Stay. University Women: A Series of Essays, Volume I.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Swoboda, Marian J., Ed.; Roberts, Audrey J., Ed.
This anthology of essays, impressions, and sketches attempts to reassess the role of women in the development of public higher education in Wisconsin, especially in the setting of the University of Wisconsin (UW) System. The essays provide a female perspective from the post Civil War days to today. Some essays focus on the beginnings of the…
Essays on Admissions Matching and Associated Outcomes in the Market for Higher Education in the United States
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hughes, Rodney P.
This is a dissertation in three essays. The first essay traces changes over time in three factors that drive students' sensitivity to changes in tuition prices and presents an argument that these factors have changed differently for access to higher education and choice among alternative institutions. The essay explores the application of a…
The dilemma of preserving tribal culture and promoting resource development: A bibliographic essay
Strickland, R.; Protti, M.
The modern regulation of native-owned natural resources in incomprehensible without an understanding of the intertwined historical, legal, and cultural foundations of Native Americans and Native American policy. This essay focuses on literature in the field of Indian laws as well as several recent essays discussing specific resource questions. It highlights analyses of both the historical and legal development of land and the treatment of Native American` natural resources. Beyond historical developments of Indian law, many writings noted in this essay address specific issues such as water, oil and gas, and other minerals.
On Einstein's Path, essays in honor of Engelbert Schucking
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Harvey, Alex
This collection of essays in honor of Engelbert Schucking spans the gamut of research in general relativity and presents a lively and personal account of current work in the field. Contributions include: E.L. Schucking: Jordan, Pauli, Politics, Brecht... and a Variable Gravitational Constant J.L. Anderson: Thomson Scattering in an Expanding Universe A. Ashtekar & T.A. Schilling: Geometrical Formulation of Quantum Mechanics J. Baugh, D.R. Finkelstein, H. Saller, and Zhong Tang: General Covariance is Bose-Einstein Statistics S.L. Bazanski: The Split and Propagation of Light Rays in Relativity L. Bel: How to Define a Unique Vacuum in Cosmology P.G. Bergmann: EIH Theory and Noether's Theorem W.B. Bonnor: The Static Cylinder in General Relativity C.H. Brahns: Gravity and the Tenacious Scalar Field D. Brill: The Cavendish Experiment in General Relativity Y. Choquet-Bruhat: Wave Maps in General Relativity T. Damour: General Relativty and Experiment J. Ehlers: Some Developments in Newtonian Cosmology G.F.R. Ellis & H. van Elst: Deviation of Geodesics in FLRW Spacetime Geometries S. Frittelli & E.T. Newman: Poincar Pseudo-symmetries in Asymptotically Flat Spacetimes E.N. Glass: Taub Numbers and Asymptotic Invariants J.N. Goldberg: Second Class Constraints F.W. Hehl, A. Macias, E.W. Mielke, & Yu.N. Obukhov: On the Structure of the Energy-momentum and the Spin Currents in Dirac's Electron
Radiologic manifestations of colloid cysts: a pictorial essay.
Algin, Oktay; Ozmen, Evrim; Arslan, Halil
Colloid cysts are among rare benign tumours of the third ventricle. Although the most frequent symptoms are headache and syncope, arrest hydrocephalus or sudden death could appear with colloid cysts. The aim of this pictorial essay was to increase awareness of the clinical presentation, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging spectrum, and treatment options of the colloid cysts. The data of 11 patients with histopathologically and/or clinically proven colloid cyst were analysed, retrospectively; and the neuroradiologic appearances of the cysts were evaluated. The CT and MR appearance of colloid cysts may change, depending on the viscosity or the cholesterol content of the cysts. However, the cystic content is the most important factor that could affect the success of treatment. Cysts that are especially rich in protein and cholesterol tend to be hyperdense on CT, hypointense on T2-weighted sequences and hyperintense on T1-weighted sequences. These cysts are viscous, and the success of aspiration is significantly low. In the diagnosis and evaluation of small-sized cysts that have an ingredient similar to cerebrospinal fluid, 3-dimensional sequences might be useful. The radiologic appearances of colloid cysts could play an important role in directing these patients to alternative surgical modalities, including resection. PMID:22575594
Pictorial essay: Vascular interventions in extra cranial head and neck.
Kulkarni, Suyash S; Shetty, Nitin S; Dharia, Tejas P; Polnaya, Ashwin M
Medicine is an ever changing field and interventional radiology (IR) procedures are becoming increasingly popular because of high efficacy and its minimally invasive nature of the procedure. Management of disease processes in the extra cranial head and neck (ECHN) has always been a challenge due to the complex anatomy of the region. Cross sectional imaging of the ECHN has grown and evolved tremendously and occupies a pivotal and integral position in the clinical management of variety of head and neck pathologies. Advances in angiographic technologies including flat panel detector systems, biplane, and 3-dimensional rotational angiography have consolidated and expanded the role of IR in the management of various ECHN pathologies. The ECHN is at cross roads between the origins of great vessels and the cerebral vasculature. Thorough knowledge of functional and technical aspects of neuroangiography is essential before embarking on head and neck vascular interventions. The vessels of the head and neck can be involved by infectious and inflammatory conditions, get irradiated during radiotherapy and injured due to trauma or iatrogenic cause. The ECHN is also a common site for various hypervascular neoplasms and vascular malformations, which can be treated with endovascular and percutaneous embolization. This pictorial essay provides a review of variety of ECHN pathologies which were managed by various IR procedures using different approaches. PMID:23833428
Deterrence enhanced by SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative). Student essay
Sowa, P.T.
The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) is an investigation by scientists, military leaders, and technologists of the feasibility of strategic defenses against ballistic missiles. Whether strategic defense is the way to go in the future remains to be seen. Although the capability of the envisioned layered, ground, and space-based defensive systems is not specifically addressed, the SDI research program's affect on national-security strategy and its formulation is examined. If found to be feasible and cost-effective, SDI will require a drastic change in our military strategy. This essay reviews how that strategy was formulated in the past in terms of a model and how strategic-defense strategy would be used in the future. More importantly, a discussion of how the SDI impacts on present US national strategy and enhances deterrence is presented. Its influence on technology, conventional defense, and arms controls are offered on this evolving strategic concept and the renewed vigor and interest it has provided in strategy formulation.
A personal essay on the role of the nurse.
Shields, Linda
Nursing has suffered a lack of understanding by the general public, who often can see no further than stereotypes of heroine, harlot, harridan or handmaiden. These have colored nursing's development as a profession, in Australia as in the rest of the world. Australia, as the 'lucky country' has one of the best health systems in the world, and Australian nurses are amongst those at the forefront of the profession. However, it appears that Australian nurses, as with many sections of Australian society, do not recognize that they hold high professional standards. With the influence of the international nursing shortage and the ever-growing technological advances within health care, alternatives to nurses, and to the registered nurse, are emerging. It is vitally important that nursing controls and regulates these developments. Only by protecting the legitimate role of the nurse, ensuring that education standards are maintained at the highest appropriate level, and generating and using new nursing knowledge will outcomes for all those who come to us for care be of the highest order. This essay proposes that Australian nurses need to overcome the 'cultural cringe' and recognize that they are in charge of a profession which meets the highest international standards.
Honesty in critically reflective essays: an analysis of student practice.
Maloney, Stephen; Tai, Joanna Hong-Meng; Lo, Kristin; Molloy, Elizabeth; Ilic, Dragan
In health professional education, reflective practice is seen as a potential means for self-improvement from everyday clinical encounters. This study aims to examine the level of student honesty in critical reflection, and barriers and facilitators for students engaging in honest reflection. Third year physiotherapy students, completing summative reflective essays on clinical encounters using the modified Gibbs cycle, were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Student knowledge and beliefs about reflective practice, and disclosure of the truthfulness of their reflections, were assessed using a mixed method approach. A total of 34 students, from a maximum possible of 48 (71 %), participated in the study activities. A total of 68 % stated that they were at least 80 % truthful about their experiences. There was general student consensus that reflective practice was important for their growth as a clinician. Students questioned the belief that the reflection needed to be based on a factual experience. Reflective practice can be a valuable addition to the clinical education of health care professionals, although this value can be diminished through dishonest reflections if it is not carefully implemented. Student influences on honest reflection include; (1) the design of any assessment criteria, and (2) student knowledge and competency in applying critical reflection.
A Comment on Harriet Malinowitz's "Business, Pleasure, and the Personal Essay"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Paley, Karen
A comparison between composition and literature is presented in Harriet Malinowitz's "Business, Pleasure, and the Personal Essay". The importance of praising and analyzing various interpretations of a text to English studies is emphasized.
MRI of uncommon lesions of the large bowel: a pictorial essay.
Lee, Christine U; Glockner, James F
This pictorial essay briefly discusses methods for optimizing bowel imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and illustrates the MRI appearance of a variety of unusual lesions involving or related specifically to the large bowel.
MRI of Uncommon Lesions of the Large Bowel: A Pictorial Essay
Lee, Christine U; Glockner, James F
This pictorial essay briefly discusses methods for optimizing bowel imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and illustrates the MRI appearance of a variety of unusual lesions involving or related specifically to the large bowel. PMID:25806129
The Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test: An Instrument for Testing and Teaching (Test Review).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Werner, Patrice Holden
Reviews the Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test. Notes that the test may be used as an informal diagnostic instrument, an evaluation tool for instructional effectiveness, or as material for teaching critical thinking. (RS)
Killers in the Brain - Essays in Science and Technology from the Royal Institution
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Day, Peter
This fascinating and diverse selection of essays from the Royal Institution provides a glimpse of some of the most current and exciting scientific research, ranging from the global increase in asthma and allergies to neurodegenerative diseases known as "brain killers."
Essays on modeling derivative claims. Essay titles: Essay 1. Modeling energy commodity futures: Is seasonality part of it? Essay 2. Modeling corporate liabilities under regime-switching asset volatility
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Todorova, Milena
Essay 1. The paper analyzes the price dynamics of two commodity futures prices---crude oil and natural gas. Some of the latest models of commodity prices are tested here---the two-factor model of Schwartz-Smith (2000), which nests other important models developed earlier. The two-factor model includes a mean-reverting short-term deviation and uncertain equilibrium level to which prices gravitate. The Schwartz-Smith two-factor model is the base case model in the paper. The model parameters of the Schwartz-Smith two-factor model are estimated from traded futures on natural gas and crude oil, using the fixed maturity format I create for futures prices. Analysis of the variance structure of natural gas prices suggests seasonality. The model is estimated on seasonally adjusted data. Model-based seasonality approaches are developed---seasonal dummies and a three-factor model with a stochastic seasonality component of log spot prices. The prediction ability of the various parameterized and non-parameterized versions of models with seasonality is compared in-sample and out-of-sample. The volatility functions model, based on principal components extraction from daily data, with seasonality in short-term volatility, seems to have the best forecasting ability, followed by the two-factor model on Kendall-type deseasonalized data and the seasonal dummies specification. Essay 2. This paper contributes to the extant structural model literature by introducing a time-varying risk-shifting barrier, to model asset substitution, and studying its theoretical and empirical implications on corporate credit spreads. Risk-shifting is expected to affect the default component of corporate spreads, because by switching to a higher level of asset volatility, managers precipitate the onset of distress and endogenously alter the probability of default. I test cross-sectionally whether the risk of volatility regime switching, measured by agency cost, is priced in market corporate spreads. The
Three essays on the incentive structure of energy conservation programs
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Okwelum, Edson Ogochukwu
This dissertation is comprised of three related essays examining the potential effectiveness of government energy efficiency programs from both the producer and consumer perspectives. The first chapter is based on a paper I coauthored with Corey Lang. In this manuscript, I address the question of whether strategic behavior by consumers could result in the erosion of energy savings in a demand response program. Understanding how the strategic behavior of consumers affects the net benefits from a demand response program has policy implications because of the increasing importance that demand response has come to play in utility load and reliability management during peak times. Using data from a large field experiment in California in 2007, we test the hypothesis that under a technology program, consumers' strategic behavior results in outcomes that are opposite what is obtainable under a program with price incentive or based of behavior. Chapter II is also an empirical study which explores how the preferences of consumers for large and heavy vehicles imposes costs on society in the form of external costs of accident. This chapter looks at how fleet changes in weight distribution due to corporate average fuel economy and consumer demand for heavier vehicles results in fatalities. It is important to understand how consumer behavior affects the accident rates so that one can obtain unbiased estimates of accident costs that go into benefit-cost analysis of the impact of regulations in automobiles. Chapter three addresses how unobserved heterogeneity and sorting affect the estimates of the consumer willingness to pay for reduction in future gasoline costs. This tradeoff is important to policy makers and manufactures because it could help explain why manufacturers fail to adopt technologies for which the fuel savings far outweigh the costs. The remainder of the abstract provides a more detailed outlines of the three essays. Chapter 1 explores strategic behavior by
Essays on Applied Resource Economics Using Bioeconomic Optimization Models
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Affuso, Ermanno
With rising demographic growth, there is increasing interest in analytical studies that assess alternative policies to provide an optimal allocation of scarce natural resources while ensuring environmental sustainability. This dissertation consists of three essays in applied resource economics that are interconnected methodologically within the agricultural production sector of Economics. The first chapter examines the sustainability of biofuels by simulating and evaluating an agricultural voluntary program that aims to increase the land use efficiency in the production of biofuels of first generation in the state of Alabama. The results show that participatory decisions may increase the net energy value of biofuels by 208% and reduce emissions by 26%; significantly contributing to the state energy goals. The second chapter tests the hypothesis of overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in U.S. peanut farming with respect to other inputs and address genetic research to reduce the use of the most overused chemical input. The findings suggest that peanut producers overuse fungicide with respect to any other input and that fungi resistant genetically engineered peanuts may increase the producer welfare up to 36.2%. The third chapter implements a bioeconomic model, which consists of a biophysical model and a stochastic dynamic recursive model that is used to measure potential economic and environmental welfare of cotton farmers derived from a rotation scheme that uses peanut as a complementary crop. The results show that the rotation scenario would lower farming costs by 14% due to nitrogen credits from prior peanut land use and reduce non-point source pollution from nitrogen runoff by 6.13% compared to continuous cotton farming.
"O Ensaio como Forma" ou Um Ensaio acerca da Teoria Critica da Sociedade ("The Essay as Form" or An Essay about the Critical Theory of Society).
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Giordano, Rosely
Illuminates the critical theory project, with themes permeating the theoretical constructions of Frankfurt (Germany). Debates the predominance of positivism in the production of knowledge. Speculates that "the essay as form" constitutes itself as a representation of the concept of the Enlightenment. Concludes with a dialogue between Theodor Adorno…
The Information Search Process (the ISP) and the Research Essay. How One School Library Supports Student Learning by Using the ISP as the Framework for the Extended Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Reynolds, Helen
Queensland Academy for Health Sciences (QAHS) is a senior secondary high school offering the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP). As part of the Diploma, students are required to complete a referenced research essay of four thousand words. For most, this will be their first experience of such a challenging undertaking.…
Discuss: If Essays Are Dead, Then Where Does That Leave Everything Else? A Response to: Shirley Alexander's "Buying Essays: How to Make Sure Assessment Is Authentic"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McQueen, Kelvin
Professor Shirley Alexander is the Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Vice-President (Teaching, Learning & Equity) at the University of Technology, Sydney. On 12 November 2014, an article of hers appeared in "The Conversation": "Buying essays: how to make sure assessment is authentic." That article traverses, in an abbreviated way,…
Essays on pricing dynamics, price dispersion, and nested logit modelling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Verlinda, Jeremy Alan
The body of this dissertation comprises three standalone essays, presented in three respective chapters. Chapter One explores the possibility that local market power contributes to the asymmetric relationship observed between wholesale costs and retail prices in gasoline markets. I exploit an original data set of weekly gas station prices in Southern California from September 2002 to May 2003, and take advantage of highly detailed station and local market-level characteristics to determine the extent to which spatial differentiation influences price-response asymmetry. I find that brand identity, proximity to rival stations, bundling and advertising, operation type, and local market features and demographics each influence a station's predicted asymmetric relationship between prices and wholesale costs. Chapter Two extends the existing literature on the effect of market structure on price dispersion in airline fares by modeling the effect at the disaggregate ticket level. Whereas past studies rely on aggregate measures of price dispersion such as the Gini coefficient or the standard deviation of fares, this paper estimates the entire empirical distribution of airline fares and documents how the shape of the distribution is determined by market structure. Specifically, I find that monopoly markets favor a wider distribution of fares with more mass in the tails while duopoly and competitive markets exhibit a tighter fare distribution. These findings indicate that the dispersion of airline fares may result from the efforts of airlines to practice second-degree price discrimination. Chapter Three adopts a Bayesian approach to the problem of tree structure specification in nested logit modelling, which requires a heavy computational burden in calculating marginal likelihoods. I compare two different techniques for estimating marginal likelihoods: (1) the Laplace approximation, and (2) reversible jump MCMC. I apply the techniques to both a simulated and a travel mode
Astr 101 Students' Attitudes Towards Essays On Transits, Eclipses And Occultations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
D'Cruz, Noella L.
Joliet Junior College, Joliet, IL offers a one semester introductory astronomy course each semester. We teach over 110 primarily non-science major students each semester. We use proven active learning strategies such lecture tutorials, think-pair-share questions and small group discussions to help these students develop and retain a good understanding of astrophysical concepts. Occasionally, we offer projects that allow students to explore course topics beyond the classroom. We hope that such projects will increase students' interest in astronomy. We also hope that these assignments will help students to improve their critical thinking and writing skills. In Spring 12, we are offering three short individual essay assignments in our face-to-face sections. The essays focus on transits, eclipses and occultations to highlight the 2012 transit of Venus. For the first essay, students will find images of transit and occultation events using the Astronomy Picture of the Day website and describe their chosen events. In addition, students will predict how variations in certain physical and orbital parameters would alter their particular events. The second essay involves transits, eclipses and occultations observed by spacecraft. Students will describe their transit event, their spacecraft's mission, orbital path, how the orbital path was achieved, etc. The third essay deals with transiting exoplanets. Students will choose at least two exoplanets from an exoplanet database, one of which has been discovered through the transit method. This essay will enable students to learn about detecting exoplanets and how they compare with our solar system. Details of the essay assignments and students' reactions to them will be presented at the meeting.
Essays on capital equipment and energy technology in the manufacturing sector
Doms, M.E.
This dissertation contains two essays that have two common elements: They address special aspects of physical capital equipment in the manufacturing sector, and they employ longitudinal, plant level data to tests their hypotheses. The first essay examines the fundamental relationship between asset age and asset efficiency while the second essay examines asset choice. The first essay presents a methodology that estimates capital efficiency schedules by inserting a parameterized investment stream into the position of a capital variable in production, cost, or factor demand models. The parameters of the models are then simultaneously estimated with the parameters of the models are then simultaneously estimated with the parameters of the investment stream. The estimates reveal how the efficiency of capital goods evolve as they age. The second essay examines the causes of observed heterogeneity in energy technology for a large sample of manufacturing plants. Manufacturing plants possess equipment capable of consuming a single fuel or equipment capable of consuming multiple fuels. The variables in the model are bifurcated into plant specific characteristics and energy market conditions. These essays exploit a rich manufacturing, plant-level, panel data from the Longitudinal Research Database (LRD), located at the US Bureau of the Census. The LRD contains data on output, labor, and capital, for a large number of establishments over nearly two decades. As the two essays in this dissertation demonstrate, the wealth of information the LRD provides in terms of variables, number of establishments, and time series, provides empirical researchers a tool to test fundamental issues regarding capital in the manufacturing sector.
HGSA DNA day essay contest winner 60 years on: still coding for cutting-edge science.
Yates, Patrick
MESSAGE FROM THE EDUCATION COMMITTEE: In 2013, the Education Committee of the Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA) established the DNA Day Essay Contest in Australia and New Zealand. The contest was first established by the American Society of Human Genetics in 2005 and the HGSA DNA Day Essay Contest is adapted from this contest via a collaborative partnership. The aim of the contest is to engage high school students with important concepts in genetics through literature research and reflection. As 2013 marks the 60th anniversary of the discovery of the double helix of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick and the 10th anniversary of the first sequencing of the human genome, the essay topic was to choose either of these breakthroughs and explain its broader impact on biotechnology, human health and disease, or our understanding of basic genetics, such as genetic variation or gene expression. The contest attracted 87 entrants in 2013, with the winning essay authored by Patrick Yates, a Year 12 student from Melbourne High School. Further details about the contest including the names and schools of the other finalists can be found at http://www.hgsa-essay.net.au/. The Education Committee would like to thank all the 2013 applicants and encourage students to enter in 2014.
Essays on Industry Response to Energy and Environmental Policy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sweeney, Richard Leonard
This dissertation consists of three essays on the relationship between firm incentives and energy and environmental policy outcomes. Chapters 1 and 2 study the impact of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments on the United States oil refining industry. This legislation imposed extensive restrictions on refined petroleum product markets, requiring select end users to purchase new cleaner versions of gasoline and diesel. In Chapter 2, I estimate the static impact of this intervention on refining costs, product prices and consumer welfare. Isolating these effects is complicated by several challenges likely to appear in other regulatory settings, including overlap between regulated and non-regulated markets and deviations from perfect competition. Using a rich database of refinery operations, I estimate a structural model that incorporates each of these dimensions, and then use this cost structure to simulate policy counterfactuals. I find that the policies increased gasoline production costs by 7 cents per gallon and diesel costs by 3 cents per gallon on average, although these costs varied considerably across refineries. As a result of these restrictions, consumers in regulated markets experienced welfare losses on the order of 3.7 billion per year, but this welfare loss was partially offset by gains of 1.5 billion dollars per year among consumers in markets not subject to regulation. The results highlight the importance of accounting for imperfect competition and market spillovers when assessing the cost of environmental regulation. Chapter 2 estimates the sunk costs incurred by United States oil refineries as a result of the low sulfur diesel program. The complex, regionally integrated nature of the industry poses many challenges for estimating these costs. I overcome them by placing the decision to invest in sulfur removal technology within the framework of a two period model and estimate the model using moment inequalities. I find that the regulation induced between 2
Tales from the front lines: the creative essay as a tool for teaching genetics.
Koehler, K E; Hawley, R S
In contrast to the more typical mock grant proposals or literature reviews, we describe the use of the creative essay as a novel tool for teaching human genetics at the college level. This method has worked well for both nonmajor and advanced courses for biology majors. The 10- to 15-page essay is written in storylike form and represents a student's response to the choice of 6-8 scenarios describing human beings coping with various genetic dilemmas. We have found this tool to be invaluable both in developing students' ability to express genetic concepts in lay terms and in promoting student awareness of genetic issues outside of the classroom. Examples from student essays are presented to illustrate these points, and guidelines are suggested regarding instructor expectations of student creativity and scientific accuracy. Methods of grading this assignment are also discussed. PMID:10388836
Tales from the front lines: the creative essay as a tool for teaching genetics.
Koehler, K E; Hawley, R S
In contrast to the more typical mock grant proposals or literature reviews, we describe the use of the creative essay as a novel tool for teaching human genetics at the college level. This method has worked well for both nonmajor and advanced courses for biology majors. The 10- to 15-page essay is written in storylike form and represents a student's response to the choice of 6-8 scenarios describing human beings coping with various genetic dilemmas. We have found this tool to be invaluable both in developing students' ability to express genetic concepts in lay terms and in promoting student awareness of genetic issues outside of the classroom. Examples from student essays are presented to illustrate these points, and guidelines are suggested regarding instructor expectations of student creativity and scientific accuracy. Methods of grading this assignment are also discussed.
Urban Observation and Sentiment in James Parkinson's Essay on the Shaking Palsy (1817)
Hurwitz, Brian
James Parkinson's Essay on the Shaking Palsy (1817) has long been considered the foundational text of the disease which now bears the author's name. This paper shows how the Essay radically re-formulated a diverse array of human dysmobilities as a "species" of disease. Parkinson incorporated medical observation with a clear focus on patient experience and subjectivity in a deeply affecting narrative, fusing clinical and urban case-descriptions within the genre of a sentimental natural history. His detailed, diagnostic portrayal of the malady recast earlier descriptions of trembling, posture and gait disorder within a new narrative order, simultaneously recruiting reader involvement to the plight of sufferers. Hardly any clinical examination as we know it today undergirds what remains an exemplary account of disciplined medical witness. The Essay demonstrates the potential of case construction and powerful, sympathetic case writing to transform clinical understanding of a complex medical condition of long duration. PMID:25055707
Three essays on the incentive structure of energy conservation programs
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Okwelum, Edson Ogochukwu
This dissertation is comprised of three related essays examining the potential effectiveness of government energy efficiency programs from both the producer and consumer perspectives. The first chapter is based on a paper I coauthored with Corey Lang. In this manuscript, I address the question of whether strategic behavior by consumers could result in the erosion of energy savings in a demand response program. Understanding how the strategic behavior of consumers affects the net benefits from a demand response program has policy implications because of the increasing importance that demand response has come to play in utility load and reliability management during peak times. Using data from a large field experiment in California in 2007, we test the hypothesis that under a technology program, consumers' strategic behavior results in outcomes that are opposite what is obtainable under a program with price incentive or based of behavior. Chapter II is also an empirical study which explores how the preferences of consumers for large and heavy vehicles imposes costs on society in the form of external costs of accident. This chapter looks at how fleet changes in weight distribution due to corporate average fuel economy and consumer demand for heavier vehicles results in fatalities. It is important to understand how consumer behavior affects the accident rates so that one can obtain unbiased estimates of accident costs that go into benefit-cost analysis of the impact of regulations in automobiles. Chapter three addresses how unobserved heterogeneity and sorting affect the estimates of the consumer willingness to pay for reduction in future gasoline costs. This tradeoff is important to policy makers and manufactures because it could help explain why manufacturers fail to adopt technologies for which the fuel savings far outweigh the costs. The remainder of the abstract provides a more detailed outlines of the three essays. Chapter 1 explores strategic behavior by
An essay concerning human understanding: how the cerebri anatome of Thomas Willis influenced John Locke.
Lega, Bradley C
Neurosurgeons are familiar with the anatomic investigations of Thomas Willis, but his intellectual legacy actually extends into the arena of philosophy. John Locke was a student of Willis while at Oxford, and this essay explores how some of Willis's anatomic discoveries might have influenced the ideas Locke expressed in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. It also includes historical information about 17th century England and the group of men (including Christopher Wren and Robert Boyle) who worked with Willis and founded the Oxford Experimental Philosophy Club, which became the Royal Society.
An essay concerning human understanding: how the cerebri anatome of Thomas Willis influenced John Locke.
Lega, Bradley C
Neurosurgeons are familiar with the anatomic investigations of Thomas Willis, but his intellectual legacy actually extends into the arena of philosophy. John Locke was a student of Willis while at Oxford, and this essay explores how some of Willis's anatomic discoveries might have influenced the ideas Locke expressed in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. It also includes historical information about 17th century England and the group of men (including Christopher Wren and Robert Boyle) who worked with Willis and founded the Oxford Experimental Philosophy Club, which became the Royal Society. PMID:16528199
Essays on the economics of natural gas pipelines
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Oliver, Matthew E.
The natural gas pipeline transportation industry is comprised of a primary market and a secondary market. In the primary market, pipelines sell 'firm' transport capacity contracts to gas traders, local distribution companies, and other parties. The (per unit) secondary market value of transport is rarely comparable to the regulated primary market two-part tariff. When and where available capacity in the secondary market is scarce, its value can far exceed the primary market tariffs paid by firm contract holders, generating scarcity rents. The following essays demonstrate that this phenomenon has predictable effects on natural gas spot prices, firm capacity reservations, the pipeline's capacity construction and expansion decisions, and the economic welfare of producers and consumers at the market hubs connected by the pipeline. Chapter 1 provides a theoretical framework for understanding how pipeline congestion affects natural gas spot prices within the context of the current regulatory environment, and empirically quantifies this effect over a specific regional pipeline network. As available pipeline capacity over a given route connecting two hubs becomes scarce, the spot prices for gas at the hubs are driven apart---a phenomenon indicative of some market friction that inhibits the ability of spot price arbitrage to fully integrate the two prices, undermining economic efficiency. The theoretical component of Chapter 1 illuminates a potential source of this friction: the deregulated structure of the secondary market for gas transportation services. To support and quantify the predictions of the theoretical model, the empirical component demonstrates that the effect of congestion on the secondary market value of transport---the key factor in driving apart spot prices---can be quite strong. Coefficient estimates indicate that dramatic increases in transport costs are likely to result from marginal increases in congestion. This result has important implications because
On Writing Essay Topics for a Test of the Composition Skills of Prospective Teachers: With a Review of Literature on the Creation, Validation, and Effects of Topics on Essay Examination. Volume Four of Five.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hoetker, James
The literature on essay testing, and particularly the selection of topics which will stimulate the writing of essays, was reviewed in order to recommend a set of specifications that will produce topics that are maximally fair to all teacher certificate candidates. It was found that by far the greater part of the research relating to writing…
Issues of Education at Community Colleges: Essays by Fellows in the Mid-Career Fellowship Program at Princeton University.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Princeton Univ., NJ. Mid-Career Fellowship Program.
This collection includes essays on contemporary issues facing community colleges written by fellows in Princeton University's Mid-Career Fellowship Program. The following essays are provided: (1) "A Human Development Workshop on Cultural Identity for International Students," by Cecilia Castro-Abad; (2) "Generating Moral Dialogue on a College…
A Computer-Based Approach for Deriving and Measuring Individual and Team Knowledge Structure from Essay Questions
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Clariana, Roy B.; Wallace, Patricia
This proof-of-concept investigation describes a computer-based approach for deriving the knowledge structure of individuals and of groups from their written essays, and considers the convergent criterion-related validity of the computer-based scores relative to human rater essay scores and multiple-choice test scores. After completing a…
Issues of Education at Community Colleges: Essays by Fellows in the Mid-Career Fellowship Program at Princeton University.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Princeton Univ., NJ. Mid-Career Fellowship Program.
This collection contains nine essays, written by fellows in Princeton University's Mid-Career Fellowship Program, on contemporary issues facing community colleges. The essays included are "Language Minority Crossover Students: A Program to Address a New Challenge at Bergen Community College" (Brian Altano); "Retention Strategies for Women in the…
Between the Cracks of History: Essays on Teaching and Illustrating Folklore. Publications of the Texas Folklore Society: 55.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Abernethy, Francis Edward, Ed.; Satterwhite, Carolyn Fiedler, Ed.
This book is composed of 21 essays that define and illustrate the folklore of Texas. Following the introduction, the six essays concerned with defining are: "Classroom Definitions of Folklore" (F. E. Abernethy); "Defining Folklore for My Students" (Joyce Roach); "Folklore and Cinema" (Jim Harris); "Toward a Definition of Folk Culture" (Joe S.…
Defining Family Health Needs, Standards of Care and Priorities with Particular Reference to Family Planning. Occasional Essay Number 4.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sai, Fred T.
This essay discusses family health needs in the developing world, their priorities, and the standards of health required, with particular reference to family planning. The author takes into account medical, social, and economic factors that influence those concerns. Some of the material presented in this essay first appeared in other international…
Automated Subscores for TOEFL iBT[R] Independent Essays. Research Report. ETS RR-11-39
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Attali, Yigal
The e-rater[R] automated essay scoring system is used operationally in the scoring of TOEFL iBT[R] independent essays. Previous research has found support for a 3-factor structure of the e-rater features. This 3-factor structure has an attractive hierarchical linguistic interpretation with a word choice factor, a grammatical convention within a…
Investigating Information Technologies in Disasters: Three Essays on Micro-Blogging and Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) Environment
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Li, Pu
This dissertation aims to investigate how advanced information technologies cope with the various demands of disaster response. It consists of three essays on the exploration of micro-blogging and FOSS environments. The first essay looks at the usage of micro-blogging in the aftermath of the massive 2008 China earthquake and explores the…
There are No Wrong Answers: An Investigation into the Assessment of Candidates Responses to Essay-Based Examinations
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
O'Donovan, Nick
Essay-based examinations form a cornerstone of the public assessment system in the UK, but comparatively little research has been conducted into the processes involved in designing, answering and appraising essay-based questions/responses. This study explores the idea of examination validity through a qualitative review of these processes, based…
Quantitative Content Analysis Procedures to Analyse Students' Reflective Essays: A Methodological Review of Psychometric and Edumetric Aspects
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Poldner, E.; Simons, P. R. J.; Wijngaards, G.; van der Schaaf, M. F.
Reflective essays are a common way to develop higher education students' reflection ability. Researchers frequently analyse reflective essays based on quantitative content analysis procedures (QCA). However, the quality criteria that should be met in QCA are not straightforward. This article aims to: (1) develop a framework of quality requirements…
The Consistency between Human Raters and an Automated Essay Scoring System in Grading High School Students' English Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tsai, Min-hsiu
This study investigates the consistency between human raters and an automated essay scoring system in grading high school students' English compositions. A total of 923 essays from 23 classes of 12 senior high schools in Taiwan (Republic of China) were obtained and scored manually and electronically. The results show that the consistency between…
Selected Essays and Curriculum Units: Foreign Language Instruction through the Study of Literary Texts. French, German, Spanish.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Silber, Ellen S., Ed.; Krug, Clara, Ed.
This guide presents essays and curriculum units designed for use by secondary and college teachers of French, German, and Spanish as a foreign language. The first section of the work includes two essays, in French, and eight curriculum units based on the stories of Guy de Maupassant. The second section contains seven curriculum units that…
To Write or to Type? The Effects of Handwriting and Word-Processing on the Written Style of Examination Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mogey, Nora; Hartley, James
There is much debate about whether or not these days students should be able to word-process essay-type examinations as opposed to handwriting them, particularly when they are asked to word-process everything else. This study used word-processing software to examine the stylistic features of 13 examination essays written by hand and 24 by…
Cohesion and the Social Construction of Meaning in the Essays of Filipino College Students Writing in L2 English
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Castro, Carolyn D.
This study compares the degree of cohesion and coherence in the essays written by thirty Filipino college freshmen and analyzes how the social construction of meaning was made evident in their writing. Results showed that low, mid and highly rated essays were comparable in grammatical cohesive device use. Lexical repetition and use of synonyms…
The Impact of Sampling Approach on Population Invariance in Automated Scoring of Essays. Research Report. ETS RR-13-18
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Zhang, Mo
Many testing programs use automated scoring to grade essays. One issue in automated essay scoring that has not been examined adequately is population invariance and its causes. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sampling in model calibration on population invariance of automated scores. This study analyzed scores…
An Investigation of the Effects of Exam Essay Questions on Student Learning in United States History Survey Classes
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sundberg, Sara Brooks
This paper explores whether or not the simple addition of essay questions in examinations increased the learning of the sort normally tested by objective questions alone. Thirteen sections of a "United States History to 1877" class comprised the study group. The experimental group, consisting of nine sections, wrote essay questions on all the…
The Condition of American Liberal Education: Pragmatism and a Changing Tradition. An Essay with Commentaries and Responses.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kimball, Bruce A.; Orrill, Robert, Ed.
This book presents an essay on U.S. liberal education and 24 commentaries on it. The essay, "Toward Pragmatic Liberal Education" by Bruce A. Kimball suggests that a consensus is emerging in reform efforts that a new and distinctly American version of liberal education is emerging which owes much to the current resurgence of American pragmatic…
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Advanced Placement Essay and Multiple-Choice Scores to Grades in College Courses.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bridgeman, Brent; Lewis, Charles
Essay and multiple-choice scores from Advanced Placement (AP) examinations in American History, European History, English Language and Composition, and Biology were matched with freshman grades in a sample of 32 colleges. Multiple-choice scores from the American History and Biology examinations were superior to essays for predicting overall grade…
Academic Achievement, Race, and Reform: Six Essays on Understanding Assessment Policy, Standardized Achievement Tests, and Anti-Racist Alternatives.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Berlak, Harold
This set of six essays was written as a resource for those working in their schools and communities to promote social justice, combat racism, and encourage quality education for all youth. The six essays address the following set of questions: (1) What is the Academic Performance Index (API)? Where did it come from? What are the connections…
Relationships between Writer-Audience Proximity, Register, and Quality in the Essays of First-Year College Students.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Puma, Vincent D.
A study explored the complexities of audience adaptation by examining the relationships between writer/audience proximity, register, and overall quality in essays written for assigned audiences. Subjects, 100 college freshmen, each wrote one essay in response to two audience-specified tasks in which subjects were to write persuasive letters to…
Current Issues for the Community College: Essays by Fellows in the Mid-Career Fellowship Program at Princeton University.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McElroy, Patricia; And Others
This collection of essays focuses on contemporary issues for two-year college education related to instruction, students, and faculty. The following essays are included: (1) "Entrance Testing at Community Colleges," by Patricia McElroy; (2) "Academic Advising in the Community College," by Ann Houpt; (3) "New Jersey Community College General…
Write Your Ticket to College: A Genre-Based College Admission Essay Workshop for Ethnically Diverse, Underserved Students
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Early, Jessica Singer; DeCosta-Smith, Meredith; Valdespino, Arturo
This article describes a writing workshop that took place with 41 low-income, multi-ethnic 12th-grade students who received instruction on specific genre features for writing college admission essays. As a result, students improved the quality of their college admission essays and demonstrated greater confidence with this writing task. This…
Automatic Short Essay Scoring Using Natural Language Processing to Extract Semantic Information in the Form of Propositions. CRESST Report 831
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kerr, Deirdre; Mousavi, Hamid; Iseli, Markus R.
The Common Core assessments emphasize short essay constructed-response items over multiple-choice items because they are more precise measures of understanding. However, such items are too costly and time consuming to be used in national assessments unless a way to score them automatically can be found. Current automatic essay-scoring techniques…
The Role of Women in Foreign-Language Textbooks: A Collection of Essays. Collection d'"Etudes linguistiques" No. 24.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Freudenstein, R., Ed.
Essays that consider the way that women are portrayed in foreign language textbooks are presented. The selected essays were submitted to a competition sponsored by the Federation Internationale des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes, which requested that language teachers assess such concerns as: (1) whether women were described in a stereotyped way;…
Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Watt, Ian, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Virginia Woolf, C. S. Lewis, Edmund Wilson, Ian Watt, Alan D. McKillop, Reuben A. Brower, Marvin Mudrick, Mark Schorer, Arnold Kettle, Lionel Trilling, Kingsley Amis, Andrew H. Wright, Donald J. Greene, and D. W.…
Validating Automated Essay Scoring: A (Modest) Refinement of the "Gold Standard"
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Powers, Donald E.; Escoffery, David S.; Duchnowski, Matthew P.
By far, the most frequently used method of validating (the interpretation and use of) automated essay scores has been to compare them with scores awarded by human raters. Although this practice is questionable, human-machine agreement is still often regarded as the "gold standard." Our objective was to refine this model and apply it to…
The Use of Metacognitive Knowledge in Essay Writing among High School Students
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Surat, Shahlan; Rahman, Saemah; Mahamod, Zamri; Kummin, Saadiah
This paper reports part of a bigger project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies on students' performance in essay writing. The aspects of metacognitive strategies considered in this study include the use of declarative knowledge, conditional knowledge, and procedural knowledge. The focus of this paper is on the use of…
The Human Possibility: An Essay Toward a Psychological Response to the World Macroproblems.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bugental, James F. T.
An essay explores alternative futures for mankind and the psychological and sociological changes needed to insure survival. The author asserts that to escape disaster it will be necessary to implement new concepts of control and self-direction; man's self-image must allow for the spectrum of human diversity. Two alternative philosophical views of…
The Beat of a Different Drummer: Essays on Educational Renewal in Honor of John I. Goodlad.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sirotnik, Kenneth A., Ed.; Soder, Roger, Ed.
This book contains essays by those who have been profoundly influenced by John Goodlad's research and scholarship on educational change and school improvement. The volume features 20 articles: "On Inquiry and Education," K. Sirotnik; "Invigorating Elementary Schooling: Savoring a Long-Term Partnership," R. Anderson; "Curriculum Change in Concert:…
Preventing Youth Violence in Urban Schools: An Essay Collection. Urban Diversity Series No. 107.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schwartz, Wendy, Ed.
The three essays of this collection explore the prevention of violence in urban schools. The first, "Preventing Violence in Schools," by Mary Hatwood Futrell and Lee Etta Powell, focuses on how to prevent violence in schools and offers recommendations on what schools and communities can do. The factors contributing to school violence are numerous,…
Learning from the Histories of Rhetoric: Essays in Honor of Winifred Bryan Horner.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Enos, Theresa, Ed.
This collection of 11 essays honors Winifred Bryan Horner for her sustained effort to establish that the special nature of rhetoric and composition leads teachers to theorize practice and to apply theory in their own classrooms. The collection urges those in the field to learn from histories of rhetoric in order to draw rhetoric and composition…
Teaching and Assessing Clinical Skills Using a Modified Essay Examination. Teaching Activity Poster.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brown, Stephen W.
A "modified essay examination" was used to help teach and to assess clinical problem-solving skills with 11 first trimester doctoral students. This examination provided a paper-and-pencil simulation of problems encountered in case management. Students were required to generate hypotheses, formulate questions, discuss issues, and make management…
Recalling 40 Years of Teacher Education in the USA: A Personal Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bullough, Robert V., Jr.
Taking the form of a personal essay, the author describes developments within teacher education in the USA over a 40-year period, since the founding of "JET." Beginning with his work within teacher education as a graduate student and moving across time, he describes major movements in teacher education, discusses several of the most…
Confounding the Needs and Confronting the Norms: An Extension of Reid and Valle's Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brantlinger, Ellen
This article expands the ideas presented in Reid and Valle's essay by further exploring the construct of normality and its implications for children in schools. It examines the reasons for the nature of current school policy and practice by explicating who benefits and who loses from typical school structures and recent national legislation.…
Duality of Mathematical Thinking When Making Sense of Simple Word Problems: Theoretical Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Polotskaia, Elena; Savard, Annie; Freiman, Viktor
This essay proposes a reflection on the learning difficulties and teaching approaches associated with arithmetic word problem solving. We question the development of word problem solving skills in the early grades of elementary school. We are trying to revive the discussion because first, the knowledge in question--reversibility of arithmetic…
Henry James: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Edel, Leon, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Leon Edel, Joseph Conrad, Max Beerbohm, Ezra Pound, Edith Wharton, Percy Lubbock, Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, Van Wyck Brooks, Edmund Wilson, E. M. Forster, William Troy, Pelham Edgar, Stephen Spender, Graham Greene,…
Edith Wharton: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Howe, Irving, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Irving Howe, Edmund Wilson, Louis Auchincloss, Percy Lubbock, E. K. Brown, Q. D. Lewis, Alfred Kazin, Diana Trilling, Blake Nevius, Lionel Trilling, Vernon L. Parrington, and Louis O. Coxe--all dealing with the biography…
A Photographic Essay of Apache Children in Early Times, Volume 2-Part C.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Thompson, Doris; Jacobs, Ben
As part of a series of guides designed for instruction of American Indian children and youth, this resource guide constitutes a pictorial essay on life of the Apache child from 1880 to the early 20th century. Each of the 12 photographs is accompanied by an historical narrative which describes one or more cultural aspects of Apache childhood.…
A Photographic Essay of the San Carlos Apache Indians, Volume 2-Part A.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Soto, Ed; And Others
As part of a series of guides designed for instruction of American Indian children and youth, this resource guide constitutes a pictorial essay on the San Carlos Apache Reservation founded in the late 1800's and located in Arizona's Gila County. An historical narrative and discussion questions accompany each of the 12 photographs. Photographic…
A Photographic Essay of Apache Chiefs and Warriors, Volume 2-Part B.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barkan, Gerald; Jacobs, Ben
As part of a series designed for instruction of American Indian children and youth, this resource guide constitutes a pictorial essay describing forts, Indian agents, and Apache chiefs, warriors, and scouts of the 19th century. Accompanying each picture is a brief historical-biographical narrative. Focus is on Apache resistance to the reservation.…
High School Mathematics at Work: Essays and Examples for the Education of All Students.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Mathematical Sciences Education Board.
Traditionally, vocational mathematics and precollege mathematics have been separate in schools. This book illuminates the interplay between technical and academic mathematics. This collection of essays by mathematicians, educators, and other experts is enhanced with illustrative tasks from workplace and everyday contexts that suggest ways to…
What To Look for in a Classroom...and Other Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kohn, Alfie
This book presents a collection of essays that suggest how to improve the education system in the United States. There are 19 chapters in 5 parts. Part 1, "Classroom Management," includes: (1) "The Limits of Teaching Skills"; (2) "The Trouble with School Uniforms"; (3) "Beyond Discipline"; and (4) "How Not To Teach Values: A Critical Look at…
Population and National Development--The Dilemma of Developing Countries. Occasional Essay Number 2.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sai, Fred T.
This essay describes the relationship of population to the overall development process and is based on a special university lecture given at the London School of Hygiene in February, 1974. The contents include discussions of population trends, reasons for the population explosion, the structure of populations, development inequalities,…
Two Essays on Learning Disabilities in the Application of Fundamental Financial Principles
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Auciello, Daria Joy
This dissertation consists of two essays which examine the relationship between dyslexia and the application and acquisition of financial knowledge. Recent behavioral research has documented that factors such as representativeness, overconfidence, loss aversion, naivete, wealth, age and gender all impact a person's risk perception and asset…
The Humanities and the Art of Public Discussion Essays and Commentaries.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rothman, David J.; And Others
These essays are the first of an annual series that brings to the public the distinctive views and approaches of the humanities to urgent issues of the day. David Rothman, in "Lessons from an Opium Eater," examines how the nineteenth-century confessions of a famous English opium addict, Thomas De Quincey, has relevance to the present, how it might…
Undergraduate Essay Writing: Online and Face-to-Face Peer Reviews
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chong, Mike R.; Goff, Lori; Dej, Kimberly
We implemented two different approaches of using peer review to support undergraduate essay assignments for students taking large second-year courses in life sciences and biology: a web-based online peer review (OPR) approach and a more traditional face-to-face peer review (FPR) approach that was conducted in tutorial settings. The essays…
Our Economic System: Essays and Teacher's Guides. Sears Educator Resource Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Campbell, Sally R., Comp.
This series of 12 short essays with teacher's guides is designed to provide secondary students with practical skills and knowledge of our economic system. Objectives are for students to: (1) identify basic concepts which underlie our economic system, (2) understand how systems operate, (3) analyze strengths and weaknesses of the economic system,…
What Makes a Good History Essay? Assessing Historical Aspects of Argumentative Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Monte-Sano, Chauncey
Teaching students to write standard arguments in history classes is certainly worthwhile; teaching them to write historical arguments is even more so. Learning historical writing is something that a range of students can do. But what does it mean to write a good history essay and what might students' attempts to do so look like? Here, the author…
A Photographic Essay of Apache Clothing, War Charms, and Weapons, Volume 2-Part D.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Thompson, Doris; Jacobs, Ben
As part of a series of guides designed for instruction of American Indian children and youth, this resource guide constitutes a pictorial essay on Apache clothing, war charms, and weaponry. A brief historical introduction is followed by 21 question suggestions for classroom use. Each of the 12 photographic topics is accompanied by a descriptive…
A Ministry of Enthusiasm: Centenary Essays on the Workers' Educational Association.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Roberts, Stephen K., Ed.
This collection of scholarly essays marks the centenary of the Workers' Educational Association (WEA), the largest voluntary provider of adult education in the United Kingdom. The chapters are as follows: "Introduction" (Roberts); "The WEA The Foundation and the Founder" (Jennings); "Battersea and the Formation of the Workers' Educational…
Methodological Considerations: Using Student Essays as Historical Sources. The Example of Postwar Germany
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Blessing, Benita
Pupils' essays represent an overlooked resource for historical inquiry. Historians have often ignored young people's work as 'unauthentic', falsely believing it to be merely the mimicking of teachers' and parents' beliefs. But young people are not merely mouthpieces for adults, as research on teacher-student interactions has demonstrated. By…
D. H. Lawrence: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Spilka, Mark, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Dorothy Van Ghent, Marvin Mudrick, Mark Schorer, Harry T. Moore, Julian Moynahan, Monroe Engel, Graham Hough, Mark Spilka, W. D. Snodgrass, V. de S. Pinto, Arthur E. Waterman, Richard Foster, and Raymond Williams--all…
Foreign Language Learning, Today and Tomorrow: Essays in Honor of Emma M. Birkmaier.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Arendt, Jermaine D., Ed.; And Others
The following essays are included: (1) "Futurism in Foreign Language Learning" by Frank M. Grittner and Percy B. Fearing; (2) "Humanism in Learning Foreign Languages" by Samuel L. Lieberman; (3) "Objectives for New Programs: A Thematic Approach in Second Language Learning" by Helen L. Jorstad; (4) "Individualization of Foreign Language Learning"…
One Hundred Classic Books about Higher Education: A Compendium and Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fincher, Cameron; Keller, George; Bogue, E. Grady; Thelin, John R.
This compendium by four professors and longtime students of higher education lists what they regard as 100 of the most influential books about U.S. colleges and universities in the 20th century, although they cannot be considered "the" classics. Following the annotated list, these essays provide commentary: (1) The Changing World of Books about…
Of Heart and Mind. Social Policy Essays in Honor of Sar A. Levitan.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mangum, Garth, Ed.; Mangum, Stephen, Ed.
This book contains 17 social policy essays on various topics related to labor and full employment policies in the United States. The following papers are included: "Introduction" (Stephen Mangum); "Secular Rabbi: The Life and Times of Sar A. Levitan" (Garth Mangum); "Young Workers, Young Families, and Child Poverty" (Andrew Sum, Clifford Johnson,…
Picturing Oppression: Seventh Graders' Photo Essays on Racism, Classism, and Sexism
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sensoy, Ozlem
This study, situated in an inner-city school in Western Canada, involved 20 seventh graders producing photo essays about living with racism, classism, or sexism. Two questions guided the study: (1) How do students working with a critical pedagogue conceptualize their own experiences with race, class, and gender in ways that either interrupt or…
Essays of a peripheral mind: The range problem in New Mexico
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
This essay reviews the 1908 report on the condition of rangelands in New Mexico written by Elmer Ottis Wooton. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the central recommendation in that report which encouraged a federally based system of land resource management. The premise of this review is th...
Factors Influencing Student Preference When Comparing Handwriting and Typing for Essay Style Examinations
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mogey, Nora; Fluck, Andrew
It seems anachronistic that we expect students to handwrite essay examinations when almost all their other work is mediated by computer. Two universities, one in the UK and one in Australia, are exploring the use of computers in free text response examinations. This paper compares both the attitudes and the behaviours of their students concerning…
Essay-Writing Strategy for Students Enrolled in a Postsecondary Program for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Woods-Groves, Suzanne; Therrien, William J.; Hua, Youjia; Hendrickson, Jo M.
This study investigated the efficacy of a writing (ANSWER) strategy to improve the essay test responses of students who were enrolled in a campus-based, postsecondary education program for individuals with developmental disabilities. Random assignment to treatment or control groups and a pre- and posttest design were employed. Students used the…
Is the Essay Dead? Revitalising Argument in the Era of Multiliteracies
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gyenes, Tom; Wilks, Judith
While the essay is the default assessment tool of the Humanities in upper secondary and tertiary education, it is a text type that has been slowly bled of communicative purpose. It is suffered by students, taught according to restrictive formula and ignored in the literature. Evidence from the tertiary sector, employers and public examinations…
Eavesdropping on Contemporary Minds: Why We Need More Essays in Our High School Classrooms
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Campbell, Kimberly Hill
The essay is the most intimate of reading experiences, in which the reader is invited to eavesdrop as the writer works through a thought or excavates a memory. The writer can be explicit, in the first person, or just implicit, as the person behind the words, but he or she is absolutely, powerfully present. It's as if, for those few thousand words,…
Feeding Forward from Summative Assessment: The Essay Feedback Checklist as a Learning Tool
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wakefield, Caroline; Adie, James; Pitt, Edd; Owens, Tessa
Owing to the increasing diversity of assessments in higher education, feedback should be provided to students in a format that can assist future and alternative work. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Essay Feedback Checklist on future alternative assessments. Participants were assigned to one of two groups, one of which…
Globalizations and Education: Collected Essays on Class, Race, Gender, and the State
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Torres, Carlos Alberto
Spanning an extraordinary 30-year career, this book collects seminal essays by critical theorist Carlos Alberto Torres. Torres is among the foremost scholars devoted to interpreting the work of Paulo Freire and has done much over the years to raise the visibility of Freire's contribution to educational theory. In addition, he has helped to…
The Eye of the Reporter: Literature's Heritage in the Press. An Essays in Literature Book.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Knight, Bill, Ed.; McLean, Deckle, Ed.
Noting that the reporting-to-writing route is sometimes circuitous and rough, although reliable, this essay collection considers the road from writing journalism to writing other literary genres such as fiction and poetry. The collection points out that newspapers have provided a proving ground for many aspiring authors, from Walt Whitman and Mark…
Edgeware Security Risk Management: A Three Essay Thesis on Cloud, Virtualization and Wireless Grid Vulnerabilities
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brooks, Tyson T.
This thesis identifies three essays which contribute to the foundational understanding of the vulnerabilities and risk towards potentially implementing wireless grid Edgeware technology in a virtualized cloud environment. Since communication networks and devices are subject to becoming the target of exploitation by hackers (e.g. individuals who…
Child Rights in Latin America: From "Irregular Situation" to Full Protection. Innocenti Essays No. 8.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mendez, Emilio Garcia
Since the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child by all Latin American countries, many substantial national legislative reforms have been made that reflect the spirit and the letter of the new Convention. This series of essays documents the challenges faced by countries beginning the process of legislative reform,…
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part IV--Property, Plant, & Equipment
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Laux, Judy
This fourth article in a series of theoretical essays intended to supplement the introductory financial accounting course is dedicated to the topic of property, plant, and equipment (PP&E), including both the accounting treatment and its related conceptual connections. The paper also addresses the measurement dilemmas, scandalous accounting…
Citizenship Education Research in Varied Contexts: Reflections and Future Possibilities. A Review Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tudball, Libby
Three books are the subject of this review essay: (1) Avril Keating's (2014) publication, "Education for Citizenship in Europe: European Policies, National Adaptations and Young People's Attitudes"; (2) "The Political Classroom: Evidence and Ethics in Democratic Education", Diana Hess and Paula McAvoy (2015); and (3) "We…
Learning from the World and Learning for the World: An Essay on World Schools
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McKenzie, Malcolm
This essay draws on the author's personal experiences as a head of school on three continents, over 20 years, as well as on some of his recent writings and talks. From Martin Luther King Jr's idea of a world house is derived the concept of a "world school". This project charts a way for national schools to develop world-minded graduates. It is…
Applying Bakhtin Scholarship on Discourse in Education: A Critical Review Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Matusov, Eugene
Recently, Bakhtinian philologists have charged scholars of education with misapplying Bakhtin's scholarship in their field. In this critical essay, Eugene Matusov reviews two recent edited collections relevant to this issue: Arnetha F. Ball and Sarah Warshauer Freedman's Bakhtinian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning and Bonny Norton…
School Choice, Competition, and Academic Quality: Essays on the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mader, Nicholas Salomon
The essays of this dissertation contribute to the understanding of how public schools respond to competition in educational markets. Evidence is drawn from the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program, the longest-running and largest-scale private school voucher program in the United States. A major justification school choice programs is that they…
Writing Essays on a Laptop or a Desktop Computer: Does It Matter?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ling, Guangming; Bridgeman, Brent
To explore the potential effect of computer type on the Test of English as a Foreign Language-Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT) Writing Test, a sample of 444 international students was used. The students were randomly assigned to either a laptop or a desktop computer to write two TOEFL iBT practice essays in a simulated testing environment, followed…
Emphasizing Planning for Essay Writing with a Computer-Based Graphic Organizer
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Evmenova, Anya S.; Regan, Kelley; Boykin, Andrea; Good, Kevin; Hughes, Melissa; MacVittie, Nichole; Sacco, Donna; Ahn, Soo Y.; Chirinos, David
The authors conducted a multiple-baseline study to investigate the effects of a computer-based graphic organizer (CBGO) with embedded self-regulated learning strategies on the quantity and quality of persuasive essay writing by students with high-incidence disabilities. Ten seventh- and eighth-grade students with learning disabilities, emotional…
Guns, Gangs, and Gossip: An Analysis of Student Essays on Youth Violence
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Zimmerman, Marc A.; Morrel-Samuels, Susan; Wong, Naima; Tarver, Darian; Rabiah, Deana; White, Sharrice
Youth violence is an important public health problem, but few researchers have studied violence from youth's perspectives. Middle school students' essays about the causes of youth violence were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The causes of violence identified by students were categorized into individual, peer, family, and…
From Traditional Essay to "Ready Steady Cook" Presentation: Reasons for Innovative Changes in Assignments
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Leedham, Maria
The prose essay, case study and laboratory report, composed by individual students in isolation from their peers, used to be the mainstay of undergraduate writing. However, in recent years an array of alternative assignment types such as blogs, letters and e-posters have widened the repertoire of texts expected. This article attempts to describe…
Fidelity and Flexibility: An Essay on Religious Adherence and Pragmatic Accommodation in Our Multicultural Society
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Marmur, Dow
During their history, Jews have faced the challenge of retaining their identity while adapting to their living conditions. Many people of many cultures now must win this bet. In this essay, the author shares his thoughts on the challenges cultural diversity places on the society and on the systems. The author calls for a political order. For him,…
The Higher Education of Women: Essays in Honor of Rosemary Park.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Astin, Helen S.; Hirsch, Werner Z.
Essays include: some considerations on the higher education of women (Rosemary Park); three women, creators of change (Esther Raushenbush); women's education, the case for the single-sex college (Susan Romer Kaplan); liberal arts education and women's development (C. Robert Pace); women's studies, its origin, organization, and prospects (Sheila…
From Digital Natives to Digital Wisdom: Hopeful Essays for 21st Century Learning
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Prensky, Marc
What can you learn on a cell phone? Almost anything! How does that concept fit with our traditional system of education? It doesn't. Best-selling author and futurist Marc Prensky's book of essays challenges educators to "reboot" and make the changes necessary to prepare students for 21st century careers. His "bottom-up" vision is based on…
Shakespeare, The Tragedies: A collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Harbage, Alfred, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Alfred Harbage, H. B. Charlton, Willard Farnham, H. T. Price, Donald A. Stauffer, Brents Stirling, Maynard Mack, Helen Gardner, C. S. Lewis, Alvin Kernan, Bernard Spivack, L. C. Knights, Francis Fergusson, G. Wilson…
Detecting and Analyzing Differential Item Functioning in an Essay Test Using the Partial Credit Model.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ferrara, Steven; Walker-Bartnick, Leslie
A procedure was developed to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in a standardized essay test using the Partial Credit Model, the general polychotomous form of the Rasch model. Using a panel of experts in the writing process, hypothesized explanations for DIF at some score points were developed. Data for the study included averaged…
"Real Women" Essay Writing Competition Guide. National Women's History Week, March 3-9, 1985.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ruthsdotter, Mary, Ed.
Step-by-step guidelines to help educators and community groups implement a National Women's History Week essay contest, in which elementary and secondary students write about women, are provided. Students are encouraged to write about a woman they personally know so that they can conduct an oral history interview. An alternate approach would be to…
Second Language Learners' Performance and Strategies When Writing Direct and Translated Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ismail, Sadiq Abdulwahed Ahmed; Alsheikh, Negmeldin Omer
The purpose of this study was to investigate ESL students' performance and strategies when writing direct and translated essays. The study also aimed at exploring students' strategies when writing in L2 (English) and L1 (Arabic). The study used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative procedures for data collection and analysis. Adapted strategy…
Teaching Students with Emotional and Behavior Disorder How to Write Persuasive Essays Fluently
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cerar, Nancy Irby
A multiprobe, multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of persuasive writing strategy instruction. Six middle school students with emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD) received two instructional phases of Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) instruction for writing persuasive essays over 33 days of intervention.…
Writing Put to the Test: Teaching for the High Stakes Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Benjamin, Amy
This book helps educators improve students' ability to write clear, coherent essays in response to on-demand writing prompts. While it focuses on students' abilities to succeed at on-demand writing, it also promotes the teaching of writing as an expression of art and self. For grades 4-12, it provides examples of responses to narrative and…
The I of the Beholder: An Essay on the Self, Its Existence, and Its Power.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Roeper, Annemarie
This essay takes the form of a dialog between the human "Self" and a questioner and explores the nature of individual self-consciousness, the Freudian model of the self, the development of the self in early childhood, the importance of parents in the self's development, and special problems of self-awareness in gifted students. (DB)
Comparability of Scores on Word-Processed and Handwritten Essays on the Graduate Management Admissions Test.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bridgeman, Brent; Cooper, Peter
Essays for the Graduate Management Admissions Test must be written with a word processor (except in some foreign countries). The test sponsors, the Graduate Management Admissions Council, believed that this is fair because some word processing skill is a prerequisite for advanced management education. Furthermore, it might also be unfair to…
The Influence of Process Approach on English as Second Language Students' Performances in Essay Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Akinwamide, Timothy Kolade
This study examined the influence of Process Approach on English as second language Students' performances in essay writing. The purpose was to determine how far this current global approach could be of assistance to the writing skill development of these bilingual speakers of English language. The study employed the pre-test post-test control…
Essays from the Edge: Citizenship and the Outsider in Literature and History.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Leder, Priscilla, Comp.; And Others
This book of essays and poetry by participants in a National Endowment for the Humanities summer seminar explores the portrayal in arts and literature of the "outsider" or "alien" who is cut off from country and citizenship, either by choice or circumstance. The book is divided into seven categories. Part 1, "Preliminary," contains: (1)…
The Slow Handwriting of Undergraduate Students Constrains Overall Performance in Exam Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Connelly, Vincent; Dockrell, Julie E.; Barnett, Jo
Undergraduates producing handwritten essays in university exams need to transcribe information onto the page in a rapid and efficient manner under considerable time pressure. In fact, capacity models of the writing process predict that the more automated students can make the transcription process then the more resources will be available for…
Web-Based Essay Critiquing System and EFL Students' Writing: A Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lee, Cynthia; Wong, Kelvin C. K.; Cheung, William K.; Lee, Fion S. L.
The paper first describes a web-based essay critiquing system developed by the authors using latent semantic analysis (LSA), an automatic text analysis technique, to provide students with immediate feedback on content and organisation for revision whenever there is an internet connection. It reports on its effectiveness in enhancing adult EFL…
Cognitive Factors Contributing to Chinese EFL Learners' L2 Writing Performance in Timed Essay Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lu, Yanbin
This study investigated cognitive factors that might influence Chinese EFL learners' argumentative essay writing in English. The factors that were explored included English (L2) language proficiency, Chinese (L1) writing ability, genre knowledge, use of writing strategies, and working memory capacity in L1 and L2. Data were collected from 136…
CSCC Review Series Essay: Education Abroad in the U.S. Community Colleges
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Zhang, Yi
This article--the first in the Council for the Study of Community Colleges (CSCC) Review Essays Series--reviews the literature concerning education-abroad opportunities for community college students. The article examines the benefits accrued to students through overseas study, briefly notes the history of education-abroad programs, and summarizes…
Emily Dickinson: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sewall, Richard B., Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Richard B. Sewall, Conrad Aiken, Allen Tate, Yvor Winters, George F. Whicher, Henry W. Wells, Donald E. Thackrey, Thomas H. Johnson, R. P. Blackmur, John Crowe Ransom, Austin Warren, James Reeves, Richard Wilbur, Louise…
Ben Jonson: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barish, Jonas A., Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Jonas A. Barish, T. S. Eliot, L. C. Knights, Harry Levin, Edmund Wilson, Arthur Sale, C. H. Herford, Paul Goodman, Edward B. Partridge, Ray L. Heffner, Jr., Joseph Allen Bryant, Jr., and Dolora Cunningham--all dealing…
This Bridge Called My Leadership: An Essay on Black Women as Bridge Leaders in Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Horsford, Sonya Douglass
The purpose of this essay is to contextualize the existing research literature on leadership for diversity, equity, and social justice in education with "bridge leadership" as historically practiced by Black women leaders in the USA. Its primary aim is to demonstrate how the intersection of race and gender as experienced by the Black woman leader…
F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mizener, Arthur, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Arthur Mizener, Lionel Trilling, William Troy, Wright Morris, John Aldridge, Edwin Fussell, Andrews Wanning, Malcolm Cowley, Leslie Fiedler, Charles E. Shain, Edmund Wilson, James E. Miller, Jr., Donald Ogden Stewart,…
Inventing Ourselves: An Informed Essay for Black Female Scholars in Educational Leadership
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tillman, Linda C.
Black women and men often work in academic spaces that were not made for them, where they are often viewed as outsiders and in many cases where they find little support for their efforts. But being a Black female professor in a predominantly white institution can sometimes be especially challenging. The purpose of this essay is to provide a brief…
The Dynamics of the Values of School Students: (Based on Autobiographies and Essays)
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Divisenko, K. S.
This article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of the value orientations of upper-grade students, based on an analysis of biographical texts and essays. The empirical material, gathered in 1989-1993 and 2002 in St. Petersburg schools, was not published and is kept in the Biography Collection of the sector of social and cultural…
When the A Is for Agreement: Factors that Affect Educators' Evaluations of Student Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shores, Michael; Weseley, Allyson J.
Research has established that a variety of factors predict educators' perceptions of students' performance; however, no studies have looked at the impact of educators' political views. The present experiment investigated the effect of educators' political biases on their grading of student essays. Participants included 122 volunteers who were…
Academic Writing in a Second Language: Essays on Research and Pedagogy.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Belcher, Diane, Ed.; Braine, George, Ed.
Essays on research and teaching of academic writing in English as a second language include:"When Practice Doesn't Make Perfect: The Case of a Graduate ESL Student" (Melanie Schneider, Naomi K. Fujishima); "Good Writing: I Know It When I See It" (Ilona Leki); "Redefining the Task: An Ethnographic Examination of Writing and Response in Graduate…
On the Art of Being Wrong: An Essay on the Dialectic of Errors
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wide, Sverre
This essay attempts to distinguish and discuss the importance and limitations of different ways of being wrong. At first it is argued that strictly falsifiable knowledge is concerned with simple (instrumental) mistakes only, and thus is incapable of understanding more complex errors (and truths). In order to gain a deeper understanding of mistakes…
ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Privatizing the University--the New Tragedy of the Commons.
Brown, J R
Teaching and research at universities is increasingly funded from private sources. In this essay, Brown highlights the problems associated with this approach and calls for a return to largely public funding. He argues that the public, rather than corporations or individual scientists or even secretive governments, should own the results.
Sometimes There Are No Notes: An Auto Ethnographic Essay of a Collaboration at the Engagement Interface
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Doberneck, Diane M.; Miller, Paula K.; Schweitzer, John H.
This autoethnographic essay represents the authors' critical reflection on their experiences partnering with Liz Lerman and Dance Exchange (a dance company) artists on a collaborative evaluation of "The Matter of Origins", a contemporary art and science dance performance. They describe meaningful moments in their collaboration and reexamine those…
Boston College Sees a Sharp Drop in Applications after Adding an Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hoover, Eric
Boston College saw a 26-percent decrease in applications this year, a drop officials largely attribute to a new essay requirement. Last year the private Jesuit institution received a record 34,051 applications for 2,250 spots in its freshman class. This year approximately 25,000 students applied, and all of them had to do one thing their…
Three Essays on the Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Organizations
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ada, Serkan
Information and communication technologies (ICT) have an essential role in today's organizations and ever-changing dynamic environments. ICT has substantial tangible and intangible impact on organizations not only in usual environments, but also in extreme environments. This dissertation is composed of three essays on the impact of ICT in…
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part IX--Statement of Cash Flows
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Laux, Judy
This essay series, beginning with Laux [2007a], defends the proposition that eliminating the theoretical chapter from the principles level accounting course has weakened the introduction for students new to this subject, perhaps resulting in some adverse selection for the accounting profession. As a remedy, it offers concise theoretical articles…
Literacy Training and the Brazilian Political Economy. An Essay on Sources.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fletcher, Philip R.
An annotated bibliography is presented in essay form of sources concerning Brazil's literacy program for adults, MOBRAL (Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetizacao), and its implications for the country's economy. General sources on literacy training are followed by works concerning Brazil's political system. Descriptions of the MOBRAL program, mostly…
Ezra Pound: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sutton, Walter, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Walter Sutton, William Butler Yeats, William Carlos Williams, T. S. Eliot, F. R. Leavis, Hugh Kenner, M. L. Rosenthal, Forrest Read, David W. Evans, W. M. Frohock, Harold H. Watts, Earl Miner, Murray Schafer, J. P.…
T. S. Eliot: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kenner, Hugh, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Arthur Mizener, Wyndham Lewis, Hugh Kenner, R. P. Blackmur, Elizabeth Sewell, S. Musgrove, George L. K. Morris, F. R. Leavis, D. W. Harding, Allen Tate, Ezra Pound, William Empson, John Peter, Denis Donoghue, and Donald…
Spanish Society. Government and Political Economy: A Bibliographic Essay. Occasional Paper Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Agranoff, Robert
This bibliographic essay is designed to help the student begin to investigate both context and content of contemporary Spanish society, government, politics, and economy. Coverage is selective because the focus is on sources in English, although where important subject matter gaps exist, Spanish sources are provided. Many of these are available in…
Student Essays about TV Characters: A Tool for Understanding Personality Theories.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Polyson, James A.
One means of making undergraduate instruction more relevant to students' needs and interests has been to use popular media to illustrate concepts in psychology courses. College students (N=54) in a theories of personality course wrote brief essays explaining the behavior of television characters in terms of theories taught in the course. The…
Narrative Plus: Designing and Implementing the Common Core State Standards with the Gift Essay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chandler-Olcott, Kelly; Zeleznik, John
The authors of this article describe their inquiry into implementation of the writing-focused Common Core State Standards in a co-taught English 9 class in an urban school. They describe instructional moves designed to increase student success with an assignment called the Gift Essay, with particular focus on planning and other organizational…
De-Indianizing the American Indian: An Essay on the Education of the American Indian.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Laird, David B., Jr.
Included in this essay is a historical review of Federal policy and practice in Indian education from 1500 to 1970. The earliest period, the missionary period, is representative of the religious zeal of the 16th and 17th centuries wherein the missionaries had as their responsibility the education of the Indian--including the dual effort of…
Mark Twain: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smith, Henry Nash, Ed.
One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Henry Nash Smith, Van Wyck Brooks, Maurice Le Breton, Kenneth Lynn, Leo Marx, Walter Blair, Daniel G. Hoffman, W. H. Auden, James M. Cox, Leslie Fiedler, Bernard DeVoto, and Tony Tanner--all dealing with the biography and…
An Investigation into Electronic-Source Plagiarism in a First-Year Essay Assignment
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ellery, Karen
Since the emergence of the electronic era, plagiarism has become an increasingly prevalent problem at tertiary institutions. This study investigated the role electronic sources of information played in influencing plagiarism in an essay assignment in a first-year geography module at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Despite explicit…
Vartan Gregorian: A Biographical Essay with Specific Focus on His Views Concerning Libraries and Librarians.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Monahan, Mary
This paper is a biographical essay on Vartan Gregorian, appointed president of Carnegie Corporation in 1997. The focus of the research is on Vartan Gregorian's accomplishments as an educator, as provost of the University of Pennsylvania, as director and president of the New York Public Library, and, most recently, as the president of Brown…
Evaluating the Validity and Applicability of Automated Essay Scoring in Two Massive Open Online Courses
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Reilly, Erin Dawna; Stafford, Rose Eleanore; Williams, Kyle Marie; Corliss, Stephanie Brooks
The use of massive open online courses (MOOCs) to expand students' access to higher education has raised questions regarding the extent to which this course model can provide and assess authentic, higher level student learning. In response to this need, MOOC platforms have begun utilizing automated essay scoring (AES) systems that allow…
The Role of Essay Tests Assessment in e-Learning: A Japanese Case Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nakayama, Minoru; Yamamoto, Hiroh; Santiago, Rowena
e-Learning has some restrictions on how learning performance is assessed. Online testing is usually in the form of multiple-choice questions, without any essay type of learning assessment. Major reasons for employing multiple-choice tasks in e-learning include ease of implementation and ease of managing learner's responses. To address this…
...And How Not To: A Critique of the Portland Baseline Essays.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Martel, Erich
Discusses the inaccuracies and distortions found within the Portland Baseline Essays, one of the most widespread Afrocentric teacher resource materials in use. Specific distortions examined are that ancient Egypt was a Black nation and that the achievements of ancient Greece had African origins. (GLR)
Comparing Several Human and Computer-Based Methods for Scoring Concept Maps and Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Koul, Ravinder; Clariana, Roy B.; Salehi, Roya
This article reports the results of an investigation of the convergent criterion-related validity of two computer-based tools for scoring concept maps and essays as part of the ongoing formative evaluation of these tools. In pairs, participants researched a science topic online and created a concept map of the topic. Later, participants…
The Apprentice Researcher: Using Undergraduate Researchers' Personal Essays to Shape Instruction and Services
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bonnet, Jennifer L.; Cordell, Sigrid Anderson; Cordell, Jeffrey; Duque, Gabriel J.; MacKintosh, Pamela J.; Peters, Amanda
Little is known about the intellectual journey of advanced undergraduates engaged in the research process. Moreover, few studies of this population of library users include students' personal essays as a point of analysis in their scholarly pursuits. To gain insights into the research trajectory of apprentice researchers at the University of…
Portfolio and Test Essay: The Best of Both Writing Assessment Worlds at SUNY Brockport. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brand, Alice G.
The principal goals of the State University of New York (SUNY) Brockport's large-scale writing assessment are to determine if a writing program actually helps students to write better and, if so, whether that growth can be measured during the college years. Portfolio assessment has become an attractive alternative to single-test essay at SUNY…
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part VI--Investments in Securities
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Laux, Judy
The sixth in a series of theory-based essays, this article presents accounting for investments in debt and equity securities along with some related conceptual and measurement issues. Additional coverage is devoted to potential ethical dilemmas and both theoretical and empirical literature related to this asset. (Contains 1 footnote.)
Essays on the Economics of Education: Structured Transfer Programs, Enrollment Patterns, and Efficiency at Community Colleges
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Crosta, Peter Michael
In the United States, community colleges serve nearly half of the 18 million students enrolled in postsecondary education. However, it has only been the last decade or so where these public, two-year institutions have claimed substantial attention from the research community. This dissertation consists of three essays that focus on aspects of the…
Drafting and acting on feedback supports student learning when writing essay assignments.
Freestone, Nicholas
A diverse student population is a relatively recent feature of the higher education system in the United Kingdom. Consequently, it may be thought that more "traditional" types of assessment based around essay writing skills for science undergraduates may be of decreasing value and relevance to contemporary students. This article describes a study in which the process of feedback on, and associated redrafting of, an essay was closely supervised to improve essay writing skills and subsequent exam performance. The results of this study show that students can significantly improve their learning and academic performance, as assessed by final examination mark, by a process that more closely mimics a "real-world" situation of review and redrafting. Additionally, the data show that students benefit from feedback only when this is used appropriately by the student. The article also discusses the continuing importance and relevance of essay writing skills so that writing, and acting upon feedback to do with that writing, remains an integral part of the process of learning.
Are Women Prepared to Be School Superintendents? An Essay on the Myths and Misunderstandings
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brunner, C. Cryss; Kim, Yong-Lyun
The purpose of this essay is to examine and respond to Tom Glass's (2000) assertions about the dearth of women in the superintendency using the lenses of new data (from two large national studies) and analysis--an analysis that primarily focuses on women superintendents' and central office administrators' formal, experiential, and personal…
Native and Nonnative Rater Behavior in Grading Korean Students' English Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lee, Hee-Kyung
The purpose of the study is to investigate rating behavior between Korean and native English speaking (NES) raters. Five Korean English teachers and five NES teachers graded 420 essays written by Korean college freshmen and completed survey questionnaires. The grading data were analyzed with FACETS program. The results revealed Korean raters'…
Using Automated Scores of Student Essays to Support Teacher Guidance in Classroom Inquiry
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gerard, Libby F.; Linn, Marcia C.
Computer scoring of student written essays about an inquiry topic can be used to diagnose student progress both to alert teachers to struggling students and to generate automated guidance. We identify promising ways for teachers to add value to automated guidance to improve student learning. Three teachers from two schools and their 386 students…
The Marble in the Water: Essays on Contemporary Writers of Fiction for Children and Young Adults.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rees, David
The purposes of this collection of 15 essays on specific works of fiction for children and adolescents are threefold: to explore some of the similarities and differences in fiction for children in England and the United States; to point out some of the qualities of American literature that are of particular interest to children in England and to…
Studies in Theatre and Drama; Essays in Honor of Hubert C. Heffner.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brockett, Oscar G., Ed.
The twelve essays (each by a different author) in this volume cover drama in a liberal education, comment on the tragic hero, remarks on "Hamlet" and "Hedda Gabler," notes on music and drama, comment on didactic drama, an examination of "Andre," studies of the Haymarket Theatre, London productions of American plays, Barney Williams, and Kamerny…
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part I--Introduction to Accounting Theory and Cash
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Laux, Judy
Recent accounting scandals challenge academics to refocus the educational process on the theoretical underpinnings of accounting. This is the first in a series of articles designed to facilitate this realignment. Intended as a supplement for the introductory accounting course, the essay series connects each of the primary accounting elements to…
Rating Scale Impact on EFL Essay Marking: A Mixed-Method Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barkaoui, Khaled
Educators often have to choose among different types of rating scales to assess second-language (L2) writing performance. There is little research, however, on how different rating scales affect rater performance. This study employed a mixed-method approach to investigate the effects of two different rating scales on EFL essay scores, rating…
What Is Successful Writing? An Investigation into the Multiple Ways Writers Can Write Successful Essays
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Crossley, Scott A.; Roscoe, Rod; McNamara, Danielle S.
This study identifies multiple profiles of successful essays via a cluster analysis approach using linguistic features reported by a variety of natural language processing tools. The findings from the study indicate that there are four profiles of successful writers for the samples analyzed. These four profiles are linguistically distinct from one…
The Effect of Specific Language Features on the Complexity of Systems for Automated Essay Scoring.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cohen, Yoav; Ben-Simon, Anat; Hovav, Myra
This paper focuses on the relationship between different aspects of the linguistic structure of a given language and the complexity of the computer program, whether existing or prospective, that is to be used for the scoring of essays in that language. The first part of the paper discusses common scales used to assess writing products, then…
Essays in Comparative Popular Culture: Coffee, Comics, and Communication. Paper No. 13.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kato, Hidetoshi
Based on papers presented at the East-West Communication Institute conferences and seminars in Hawaii between 1973 and 1975, these five essays focus on intercultural communication, emphasizing that popular culture existed with great diversity for centuries before modern media and that popular cultures have importance and impact on the everyday…
A Window to the Past: What an Essay Contest Reveals about Early American Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Justice, Benjamin
In 1795 America's premier scholarly association, the American Philosophical Society (APS), posed the following question: [Write] an essay on a system of liberal education, and literary instruction, adapted to the genius of the government, and best calculated to promote the general welfare of the United States; comprehending, also, a plan for…
1972 Oberlin Film Conference Selected Essays and Discussion Transcriptions, Vol. II.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Koch, Christian, Comp.; Powers, John, Comp.
The announced general focus of the 1972 Oberlin Film Conference was "Goals, Methods, and Scope of Film Study in the 70's," the intention being to emphasize the conceptualization of the cinema experience as messages within larger sets of discourse. To this end, each student submitted an application essay and participated at the conference in…
An Automated Essay-Evaluation Corpus of English as a Foreign Language Writing
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jiang, Yaoyi
The Report of Chinese Students' English Writing Ability (2014) focuses on the Chinese students' English writing in the automated essay-evaluation context. The data and samples are primarily from a national-wide writing project involving 300,814 English as a Foreign Language participants from 452 schools in China during a period of April 10 to May…
Teachers and Teacher Education: Essays on the National Education Goals. ERIC Teacher Education Monograph No. 16.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Guy, Marilyn J., Ed.
Six national education goals to be achieved by the year 2000 were established by the federal government and the nation's governors in 1990. The five essays in this monograph examine some of the changes taking place in society and in schools and colleges that are related to the six goals. The "Introduction" (Marilyn Guy) is followed by "Communities…
Effectiveness of a test-taking strategy on achievement in essay tests for students with learning disabilities.
Therrien, William J; Hughes, Charles; Kapelski, Cory; Mokhtari, Kouider
Research was conducted to ascertain if an essay-writing strategy was effective at improving the achievement on essay tests for 7th- and 8th-grade students with reading and writing disabilities. Students were assigned via a stratified random sample to treatment or control group. Student scores were also compared to students without learning disabilities nominated by teachers as average writers. A 6-step essay strategy was taught that included analyzing the essay prompt, outlining, writing a response, and reviewing the answer. On the posttest, intervention group students significantly outperformed control group students on essay measures related to strategy use, content, and organization. There was no significant difference between treatment group and students without learning disabilities on posttest measures of content and organization.
Essays on applied auction problems in electric generation and in neighboring jurisdictions
Eastman-Perl, K.A.
This work consists of three essays. The first essay, [open quotes]Contract Selection and Performance in Competitive Bidding for Electric Generation,[close quotes], studies the new practice of competitive bidding among third parties to supply utilities with electric generating capacity. The other two essays, entitled [open quotes]First Price Auctions in Neighboring Jurisdictions,[close quotes] and [open quotes]Second Price Auctions in Neighboring Jurisdictions,[close quotes] study the general problem of auctions when there are several auctioneers that can observe each other and can use information from these observations strategically. The first essay notes that competitive bidding programs for electric generation are really auctions of long-term contracts between utility and third parties. Bids and contracts from Maine were studied. Since Maine has a wealth of alternative fuels, such as wood and hydroelectric, the applicability of this study is limited to states with significant alternative fuel resources. The second and third essays consider auctions in neighboring jurisdictions. One concerns first-price auctions (low bid, wins, and is paid its bid), and the other concerns second-price auctions (low bid wins, and is paid the second lowest bid). One town initially holds an auction, the results of which are public information. Another town can use this public information to negotiate with the winner of the initial auction. Firms always bid higher in an initial first-price auction than they would if a neighboring town were not present. In equilibrium, firms are no worse off than they would be if both towns acted independently, and the negotiating town benefits at the expense of the town initially auctioning. In second-price auctions, the incentive compatibility property is preserved if relatively lower cost firms bid in the initial auction. The town initially conducting the auction is unaffected, and the negotiating town benefits at the firm's expense.