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Bisphenol A (BPA) has been reported to possess hepatic toxicity. We investigated the hypothesis that BPA, below the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), can induce hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress in the liver. Two doses of BPA, 0.05 and 1.2 mg/kg body weight/day, were administered intraperitoneally for 5 days to mice. Both treatments impaired the structure of the hepatic mitochondria, although oxygen consumption rate and expression of the respiratory complex decreased only at the higher dose. The hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a naturally occurring product of lipid peroxidation, increased, while the expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) decreased, after BPA treatment. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) also increased. In HepG2 cells, 10 or 100 nM of BPA also decreased the oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and the mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, doses of BPA below the NOAEL induce mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver, and this is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation.
Bisphenol A (BPA), a key monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin, is widely used in a variety of products, including baby bottles, food storage containers, and dental sealants (1, 2). Trace amount of BPA released from these products leads to human exposure. Thus, in humans, BPA is detected not only in serum and urine but also in the placenta and amniotic fluid (3, 4).
The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 5 mg BPA/kg body weight (bw)/day, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have derived a tolerable daily intake (TDI), or reference dose, of 0.05 mg/kg bw/day (5-7) based on rodent studies (8, 9). However, considering that human exposure is abundant and prolonged, there are controversies about this criteria based on single dose exposure in animal studies. Recently, several researches have been being carried and these suggest that a low dose of BPA below the NOAEL have significant effects (10-13).
The adverse effects of BPA are largely related to its estrogenic activity (14, 15), and result in disturbances to reproductive function (16), steroidogenesis (17), and adipogenesis (18). However, BPA has other effects such as inflammatory cytokine (18, 19) and an increase of oxidative stress (20-22), which is independent of estrogenic activity.
The liver is the major organ for the metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics, including BPA (23). Therefore, the liver could be largely exposed to BPA, and could be susceptible to lower doses, than other organs. In humans, the urinary concentration of BPA was associated with abnormal liver function (24). There are some reports that high doses of BPA altered liver weights in mice or rats (8, 9) and decreased the viability of rat hepatocytes (20). However, it is still unknown whether a low dose of BPA, below the NOAEL or TDI, has adverse effects on the liver. Therefore, we investigated the effects of doses of BPA below the NOAEL on hepatic function, especially focusing on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function both in vivo and in vitro.
Specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 male mice at 3 weeks of age were purchased from the Orient Co., Ltd. (Seongnam, Korea). The mice were acclimatized to the laboratory environment for 1 week prior to the experiments, and then, divided into 3 groups. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, 0.05 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day of BPA (referred to as the lower dose), or 1.2 mg/kg bw/day of BPA (referred to as the higher dose) every 24 hr for 5 days. The number of mice was 5 for each group, and the experiment was repeated at least 3 times from 2009 to 2010. All mice were housed in conventional plastic cages with free access to water and chow diet at 23 ± 2, 60% ± 10% humidity, and a 12-hr light/12-hr dark photoperiod. At the end of the study, mice were fasted for 8 hr, anesthetized, and then, sacrificed.
To investigate the time-course of effect of BPA, another separate animal study was conducted. In this study, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1.2 mg/kg bw/day of BPA, and sacrificed 1, 6, and 24 hr after injection. The number of mice was 5 for each group, and the experiment was repeated twice.
All procedures involving the use of laboratory animals were in accordance with the Guide for Standard Operation Procedures, and were performed after receiving approval of the institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) in the Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (IACUC approval No. BA1103-079/021-01).
HepG2 cells were grown in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 10.2 mML-glutamine, 50 mM sodium pyruvate, 2.5 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin, and 100 U/mL penicillin. All cells were incubated at 37 in a humidified chamber supplemented with 5% CO2. Cells were treated with 10 nM and 100 nM of BPA for 2, 6, 12, or 24 hr.
BPA (purity > 99%) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). BPA was mixed with 30% ethanol and diluted with water to the appropriate concentrations for the experiments.
Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) were determined by Beckman Coulter AU480 automatic biochemistry analysis system (Brea, CA, USA) with reagent kits provided by the manufacturer. IL-6 and TNF-α were measured using a radioimmunoassay kit (Linco, St. Charles, MO, USA), following the protocol provided by the manufacturer
Liver and pancreas tissues were dissected, cut into small sections (1 × 1 mm), and immersed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde at 4. Samples were post fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M phosphate or cacodylate buffer at pH 7.2 for 1.5 hr. Samples were then washed with water, dehydrated in an increasing series (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) of ethanol, and immersed in propylene oxide (Acros Organics, Morris Plains, NJ, USA) and then EPON epoxy resin (Electron Microscopy Polysciences, Hatfield, PA, USA). Samples embedded in the epoxy resin were put into a capsule and polymerized at 38 for 12 hr and at 60 for 48 hr.
Samples were then cut into 50-µm thick ultrathin slices by using an ultramicrotome (RMC MT-XL), and stained with 4% uranyl acetate and 4% lead citrate. Structures were examined by transmission electron microscopy (15,000 × and 50,000 × magnification).
High-resolution respirometry was used to measure the oxygen consumption rate of the mitochondria of both the liver tissues and HepG2 cells. The oxygen consumption rate of the mitochondria was measured as described previously (25). Briefly, the hepatic mitochondria were isolated by centrifugation in MIB buffer, containing 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 250 mM sucrose, and 1 mM EDTA, and 200 µg of mitochondria was mixed with MIRO5 buffer, containing 0.5 mM EGTA, 3 mM MgCl2 · 6H2O, 60 mM K-lactobionate, 20 mM taurine, 10 mM KH2PO4, 20 mM HEPES, 110 mM sucrose, and 1 g/L BSA. The sample was transferred to the chamber of an Oxygraph-2K apparatus (Oroboros, Innsbruk, Austria). The basal oxygen consumption rate (state 2 respiration) was recorded after the addition of 20 mM glutamate and 8 mM malate as substrates of complex I, and then, state 3 respiration was assessed by the addition of 2 mM ADP (GMD). Cytochrome c (GMcD) was added to assess the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Subsequently, 10 mM succinate (GMcDS), as a substrate of complex II, and 0.5 M carbonylcyanide p-triflouromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), as an uncoupler, were added sequentially. The oxygen consumption rate was expressed as picomoles of oxygen consumed/s/mg of mitochondrial protein.
The cellular ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also measured in the HepG2 cells. Cellular ATP levels were measured using a luminescence ATP detection assay kit (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The assay was carried out in 96-well plates, according to the manufacturer's instruction. The luminescence was detected on a microplate reader (Wallac Victor3V 1420 Multilabel Counter; PerkinElmer) as counts per second (CPS). The relative ATP level was calculated by dividing the CPS of the BPA-treated samples by those of the control samples.
The MMP was determined by measuring the red fluorescence of the cationic carbocyanine dye JC-1 (5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) (Invitrogen). Briefly, 1 × 104 cells were loaded on the 96-well plate, 200 µL of 2 µM JC-1 was added to the media, and then the plate was incubated at 37 for 2 hr. Following the incubation, the media was removed from each well of the plate and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The fluorescence was measured at an excitation wavelength of 485 nm and an emission wavelength of 590 nm with a fluorescent microplate reader (Wallac Victor3V 1420 Multilabel Counter; PerkinElmer). The MMP was expressed as the ratio of red fluorescence (590 nm) to green fluorescence (485 nm).
Liver tissue was harvested at the end of the study and subjected to immunoblotting analysis. Tissues were homogenized in lysis buffer (Cell Signaling Tech., Danvers, MA, USA), and the protein concentration was determined using a protein assay kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA).
Protein (12 µg) was mixed with gel loading buffer, containing 62.5 mM Tris-HCl, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 5% 2-mercaptoethanol, 13% glycerol, and 0.013% bromophenol blue, and loaded onto a 9% SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel, which was electrophoresed in buffer containing 25 mM Tris-HCl, 250 mM glycine, and 0.1% SDS. The protein was transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane in buffer containing 25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycerin, and 20% methanol (pH 8.3) for 1 hr, and the membrane was then washed with TBS buffer. Primary antibody was diluted with TBS buffer with 5% skim milk and incubated with the membrane overnight at 4. The primary antibodies used were complex I (20 kDa, MitoSciences company, Eugene, OR, USA), complex II (32 kDa), complex III (45 kDa), complex IV (25 kDa), complex V (55 kDa), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (24 kDa, AbCam, Cambridge, MA, USA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (17 kDa, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), catalase (55 kDa, Santa Cruz), glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) (2 kDa, Santa Cruz), and actin (42 kDa, Sigma). After washing with TBS buffer, the membrane was re-incubated with secondary antibody for 1 hr at room temperature. The secondary antibodies were anti-rabbit, anti-goat, and anti-mouse antibodies.
The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay was used to measure the oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues or HepG2 cells. Tissues or cells were homogenized in 250 µL of RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, with 150 mM sodium chloride, 1.0% Igepal CA-640 [NP-40], 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate) on ice. Samples were centrifuged, and the supernatant was stored at -80 until use. Homogenates were assayed in duplicate using a TBARS assay kit (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) to determine the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Samples were mixed with SDS solution and color reagent, boiled for 1 hr, incubated on ice for 10 min, and centrifuged at 1,600 g at 4 for 10 min. Samples were loaded with MDA standards on a 96-well plate, and the absorbance at 530-540 nm was read. The TBARS levels were calculated from a standard curve of MDA.
In HepG2 cells, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also measured using the ROS-sensitive fluorescent indicator dihydroethidium (DHE) (Sigma). The cells were incubated with 10 mg/L DHE for 30 min at 37, and then washed twice with PBS. Following this, the cells were treated with BPA (100 nM), and then, fluorescent microscopy images were obtained.
Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric analysis by using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05.
There were no differences in the weight of the liver or its histology (studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining) between the control and BPA-treated mice (data not shown). However, the hepatic mitochondria in the mice treated with 1.2 mg/kg bw/day of BPA were much more swollen than those in the control mice, as viewed with transmission electron microscopy (Fig. 1A). The oxygen consumption rates (glutamate + malate + ADP [GMD], GMcD + succinate [GMcDS], and carbonylcyanide p-triflouromethoxyphenylhydrazone [FCCP]) were reduced in the hepatic mitochondria in the BPA-treated mice (Fig. 1B), especially state 3 respiration (GMD), which significantly decreased (P = 0.03). The expression of the respiratory complex III and V was also reduced in the BPA-treated mice compared to the control mice (Fig. 1C).
To investigate the possible hepatic toxicity of BPA, we measured the liver serum enzymes AST and ALT. Within 24 hr of a single injection of 1.2 mg/kg bw/day of BPA, both AST and ALT levels significantly increased (P = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively) (Fig. 2). However, we could not find any difference after 5 days of treatment (ALT, 60 ± 14 IU/L vs 57 ± 10 IU/L, P > 0.05), although serum AST levels showed an increasing tendency in BPA-treated mice (30 ± 4 U/L vs 46 ± 20 U/L, P > 0.05).
We next investigated the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver. Since both oxidative stress and inflammation can induce hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction (26), we measured the hepatic MDA concentrations and the hepatic expression of IL-6 and TNF-α at 1, 6, and 24 hr after the injection of 1.2 mg/kg bw/day of BPA.
The hepatic concentration of MDA, which is a product of lipid peroxidation, was measured as an indicator of oxidative stress. After a single injection of BPA, MDA concentrations gradually increased over time for 6 hr (P = 0.04) (Fig. 3A), while the hepatic expression of GPx3, an important antioxidant enzyme, decreased over the same period (Fig. 3B). In contrast, the expression of catalase remained unchanged. Because inflammatory cytokines can induce oxidative stress, we measured the hepatic expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. IL-6 expression increased 1 and 6 hr after BPA injection, suggesting a pathogenic role, while the expression of TNF-α was unchanged (Fig. 3C). Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels showed similar results (P < 0.01, P = 0.02 respectively) (Fig. 3D).
Mitochondrial function measured as the oxygen consumption rate significantly decreased 6 hr after BPA treatment (P = 0.03), but had recovered by 24 hr (Fig. 3E). Therefore, this showed that the changes in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress over time had a temporal association with hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, and we hypothesized that BPA induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including in the liver, which might increase hepatic oxidative stress. Under BPA-treated conditions, hepatic antioxidant enzyme levels decreased; thus, hepatocytes could not be protected from BPA-induced oxidative stress resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. To verify this hypothesis in the mice treated for 5 days, we measured MDA and found that MDA concentrations were elevated (Fig. 4A). Furthermore, the expression level of GPx3 decreased in the BPA-treated liver (Fig. 4B).
We demonstrated that 1.2 mg/kg bw/day of BPA, which is lower than the NOAEL in mice (5 mg/kg bw/day), increased hepatic oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial function. Therefore, we treated mice with a lower dose of 0.05 mg/kg bw/day BPA. The electron microscopy findings were not consistent, and the morphology of the hepatic mitochondria varied between individual mice; the mitochondrial morphology appeared normal in some mice, but very large and swollen mitochondria were frequently observed in others (Fig. 5A). These results suggested that susceptibility to BPA could differ on an individual basis. The oxygen consumption rate of hepatic mitochondria showed no difference between 0.05 mg/kg bw/day BPA-treated mice and controls, but variations were observed between the individuals (Fig. 5B). MDA concentrations representing oxidative stress also increased compared to the controls, even in the mice treated with the lower dose of BPA, although this apparent difference was not statistically significant (Fig. 5C). GPx3 expression level also decreased in the mice treated with lower dose of BPA (Fig. 5D). Our results suggested that even the "tolerable" or "acceptable" lower dose of BPA could also induce hepatic oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, depending on individual susceptibility.
To confirm the effects of BPA on hepatic mitochondria in vitro, HepG2 cells were treated with 2 different concentrations of BPA (10 nM and 100 nM). Treatment of HepG2 cells with BPA for 2 hr lead to a deteriorated mitochondrial architecture (Fig. 6A), and this was more severe in the 100 nM-treated mice than the 10 nM-treated HepG2 cell. Not only the morphology but also the function of the mitochondria was impaired by BPA treatment; oxygen consumption rates were reduced according to the dose (Fig. 6B). These results were replicable between 3 separate experiments. We also measured other parameters of mitochondrial function and observed the same results; ATP consumption (Fig. 6C) and MMP (Fig. 6D) were reduced after BPA treatment. To exclude the possibility that cell death caused the mitochondrial dysfunction, a cell viability assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was performed, and no cell death was observed (data not shown). To confirm the increase of oxidative stress by BPA in hepatocytes, we measured the MDA concentrations (Fig. 7A) and DHE activities (Fig. 7B), and BPA increased both of them.
The present study demonstrated that a low dose of BPA, below the NOAEL or TDI (the so-called "tolerable" or "acceptable" dose), induces mitochondrial dysfunction and structural changes in the mouse liver. BPA increased hepatic oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, and decreased antioxidant enzyme expression both in vivo and in vitro. All these findings suggest that a low dose of BPA can also induce hepatic dysfunction.
The strength of this study is to demonstrate that BPA below the permissible limit induces mitochondrial dysfunction and structural changes in the liver in vivo. Only in vitro data have been reported that BPA inhibits mitochondrial function (20).
Recently, the oxidative stress was proposed as another adverse cellular effect of BPA in the liver (21). BPA increased the generation of ROS and induced cellular apoptosis in hepatocytes (22). Oxidative stress can induce mitochondrial damage, and damaged mitochondria can generate more ROS. Mitochondria are vulnerable to ROS due to impairment of the antioxidant and DNA repair enzyme systems (27). Accumulation of oxidative damage in the mitochondria induces mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial DNA depletion, and cell apoptosis (26). In this study, BPA increased ROS production, as assessed by the measurement of MDA concentration. An increase in ROS was observed even 1 hr after BPA administration. Although mitochondrial dysfunction was not observed, a very low dose of BPA, i.e., 0.05 mg/kg bw/day, also increased ROS and decreased antioxidant enzymes. Although further studies are required to clarify the cause and effect relationship, it is suggested that oxidative stress might be the possible mechanism of this BPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
In this study, an increase in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α was observed following BPA treatment. Although ROS can increase proinflammatory cytokines (28), proinflammatory cytokines themselves can induce oxidative stress (29). We showed that the expression of IL-6 increased 1 and 6 hr after BPA injection, and serum MDA concentrations gradually increased over time for 24 hr. These results suggested that IL-6 might play a pathogenic role in BPA-induced ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
The cell has various defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, including scavenging enzyme systems such as catalase and GPx3. In this study, BPA reduced GPx3 expression consistent with the previous studies that reported the reduction of catalase and GPx activities in the liver and kidney of male ICR mice (30) and the sperm of Wistar rats (31). It has been suggested that BPA exposure produces ROS by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes, or that antioxidant enzymes are depleted because of ROS production.
In this study, a single BPA injection acutely increased liver enzymes, although the levels of liver enzymes upon treatment had a tendency to be similar to those of the control after the successive BPA injections for 5 days. We can postulate that BPA may induce hepatocyte damage, but there are abundant mechanisms to compensate for this. Therefore, the hepatotoxic effects of BPA could be counteracted, and this may be the reason why the previously elevated hepatic enzyme levels were again reduced after 5 days of treatment in our study, although we did not examine the possible compensatory mechanism.
In this study, we injected BPA intraperitoneally, while human is usually exposed to BPA via the oral route. This may represent a limitation of this study, because the route of administration can change the BPA bioavailability and metabolism (32). However, even after considering pharmacokinetics of BPA, doses of BPA, which we injected intraperitoneally in this experiment, may be equated to about 0.15 mg/kg/day and 4 mg/kg/day for the oral administration and these are below the NOAEL.
In conclusion, a low dose of BPA induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver, and this is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation.
This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea (Grant No.: A090152).
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.

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Wednesday 06 February 2013
A cardinal of the US Catholic Church is relieved of duty after a cover-up of clerical sex abuse. A glimpse into the strong religious background of Prime Minister Julia Gillard, who's now an agnostic. And the man who's writing the British Labour Party platform for the next election is going to Catholic teaching on economic justice, and even back to Aristotle, for inspiration.


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text: Trance Overload by TOM RoXX published on 2012-01-19T04:42:28Z A Cool easy going trance like song. Simple beat, echo guitars and synths Genre Trance Rock Comment by UnwrittenSoul Good taste really...even it it already overload please load it more! :) 2013/12/18 11:34:29 +0000 Comment by Luke M Jones Very nice! Puts me in a trance :o 2013/12/11 19:41:38 +0000 Comment by WayB4 Nice change, great playing. 2013/11/28 23:42:54 +0000 Comment by sector9000 sonds and rhythm is a good, I like!!! 2013/11/12 06:13:42 +0000 Comment by sector9000 great!!! 2013/11/12 06:12:19 +0000 Comment by Javier Fra y Juan Fra Very interesting! 2013/11/08 11:03:07 +0000 Comment by endless night collabs really cool stuff 2013/10/31 23:31:27 +0000 Comment by endless night collabs :) 2013/10/31 23:31:27 +0000 Comment by Project-mdp Great job! 2013/10/31 17:20:22 +0000 Comment by Floyd Bedingfield loving that depth! great effects going on here! 2013/10/30 19:18:51 +0000 Comment by Maxx Black fabulous guitar work- sounds great! total trance, the nylon string added a nice dimension! bravo 2013/10/30 18:39:57 +0000 Comment by CREATORS OF ECNALAB nice nice feel mate:) 2013/10/30 12:28:39 +0000 Comment by Lee >>> Lucas Cracking track Tom and a super all round job on it my good friend. Very well enjoyed the chilled out mood here and that rocked in a very cool as ice way way chap. 2013/10/30 10:41:42 +0000 Comment by Lee >>> Lucas Super nylon guitar here and great playing Tom mate... 2013/10/30 10:38:52 +0000 Comment by Lee >>> Lucas Great sounds here my friend and well chilled out stuff and the kind of trance I do like. The guitar and bass are well cool and blend in great with all those fine ambient sounds... 2013/10/30 10:38:21 +0000 Comment by J.J. Lentz Love this one! Very soothing. 2012/08/20 00:54:49 +0000 Comment by TOM RoXX @alexgountras: I just wanted to float thru 2012/04/22 03:45:57 +0000 Comment by The Space Limit The guitar work is super relaxing. I love stuff like this! 2012/04/21 02:50:23 +0000 Comment by TOM RoXX @danieleturani: thanks! 2012/03/06 01:43:38 +0000 Comment by Daniele Turani excellent track, I love the reverse delay/reverb effect 2012/03/04 00:33:00 +0000 Comment by TOM RoXX @maximus42: thanks, vocals don't come as easy as the music. I just up loaded "Heartbeat" with vocals give it a listen 2012/01/29 07:52:18 +0000 Comment by Maximus42 You have a great sound, throw them vocals in there! 2012/01/29 05:07:46 +0000 Comment by Elixir Cool sounds man! If your Interested In sharing your music And getting WAY MORE LISTENS and becoming a part of an ever growing Facebook comunnity of DJ's And Producers then join this group http://www.facebook.com/pages/Best-Played-Loud/214121848681254 2012/01/23 00:19:41 +0000 Comment by TOM RoXX @ferdelance: thanks for listen. That guitar sound is actually just picking the note and sliding up or down the neck. I first did it by accident and decided to figure out how to work the technique into it. 2012/01/21 02:50:28 +0000 Comment by Fer De Lance Love the sounds. You ebowing the guitar? they always make everything sound so good. 2012/01/19 19:11:06 +0000


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I returned to London last week from a two-week trip to Cape Town. I was dreading the return flight, because the outward journey with KLM had been so chaotic. Would things be just as bad? They were to prove far worse, culminating in an assault on a disabled woman by a KLM stewardess.
I returned to London last week from a two-week trip to Cape Town. I was dreading the return flight, because the outward journey with KLM had been so chaotic. Would things be just as bad? They were to prove far worse, culminating in an assault on a disabled woman by a KLM stewardess.
My problems began just before Christmas. I checked in at Heathrow for a flight to Amsterdam which the airline sells as the connection for its Cape Town service. It was then announced that the flight would leave an hour late, and as KLM had given me only 50 minutes' turnaround time, this spelt disaster. Indeed, when the plane eventually took off, a stewardess confirmed that the Cape Town flight would not wait for me - or the other 26 passengers on my flight who were going to South Africa. In Amsterdam we were met by a KLM steward who told us we would have to stay a night in the city and leave next day.
I asked the steward how he had managed to arrange so many rooms at such short notice and he told me we had been booked into the hotel (it proved to be a motorway motel some 15 miles from Amsterdam) even before we had left London. It also transpired that our Cape Town flight had been heavily oversold. Maybe it was just a fortunate coincidence for KLM that our late arrival solved its overbooking problem; but if staff knew in London, and on the flight, that we would be spending the night in the Netherlands, surely everyone could have been informed.
After a long wait, a supervisor arrived to take our growing list of questions. She offered no apologies, was rude to the stranded passengers and dispensed such gems as: "Why are you standing here? Just go. We've done all we need to do." This from the airline that boasts that you'll notice "the care and attention" of check-in staff.
Back at the airport the next night I was offered almost £250 cash to give up my seat, as the flight was again heavily over-subscribed. I declined. I had left London on a Thursday afternoon and been scheduled to arrive in Cape Town early Friday morning. I finally got there on the Saturday. It would have been quicker to fly to Australia - and half-way back again.
But it was on the way home, while waiting at Schipol airport in Amsterdam to catch a service for London, that the most disturbing event occurred.
I held back as most of the passengers boarded the plane. Left sitting at the gate near me was a disabled passenger, Ebun Sonuga, 57, a former nurse, from north London. I watched as she was approached by a female member of the ground staff who curtly informed her that she would have to get out of her wheelchair and walk on to the plane. The KLM woman explained that she was pregnant and couldn't risk pushing someone in a wheelchair.
Mrs Sonuga insisted that she was not able to walk that far.
The stewardess, who was now losing her temper, then told Mrs Sonuga that she had too many items of hand luggage and snatched a box out of her hands. Then she grabbed a black plastic bag containing a bottle of water and various other possessions of Mrs Sonuga's and struck her around the head with it.
Despite Mrs Sonuga calling out that she had been attacked, nobody from KLM went to her assistance. I asked the airport security to help but they refused.
Mrs Sonuga said: "I fly to Lagos every six weeks with KLM, usually business class - I hold one of their frequent-flier cards.
"In Amsterdam this woman wanted to take my box away from me, but I didn't want to hand it over because it contained things I need for my medical problems. She told me that I had to walk on to the plane but I can't walk very well, not since I suffered my stroke three years ago - that's why I always book a wheelchair. I told her to leave me there and then, suddenly, she hit me."
Hugo Bass, the head of communications for KLM, interviewed the stewardess involved, and then suggested that Mrs Sonuga might have provoked the incident. He said the stewardess claimed that Mrs Sonuga was abusive and in response she had "dropped" the bag on her.
Mr Bass has promised that KLM's investigation will continue. Mrs Sonuga has been sent flowers and has received a verbal apology.
However, even if one accepts that KLM is trying to "see both sides of the story" and genuinely believes Mrs Sonuga to be in the wrong, can there ever be an excuse for hitting a disabled stroke victim sitting in wheelchair?Reuse content


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The Learner Autonomy SIG Committee 2016/17
IATEFL LASIG is run by a group of volunteers who form the Committee and take on the various jobs involved in managing the SIG. As of April 2016 the Committee consists of the following SIG members.
Christian Ludwig, Coordinator, PCE/LASIG Day organiser
My interest in Learner Autonomy stems from work in the field of EFL Methodology. I studied English, Spanish and German as a Foreign at the Universities of Bochum, Córdoba and Duisburg-Essen. In 2015, I received my PhD from the University of Duisburg-Essen in American literature and culture (Rites de Passage: The construction of gender identities in Alison Bechdel's (autobio)graphic writings). After 4 years at the University of Duisburg-Essen and two years at the University of Koblenz-Landau, I was appointed substitute professor for Cultural Studies, Literature and TEFL at the University of Education, Karlsruhe, in 2015 where I am head of the English department and the Self-Access Centre since October 2015. My publications and areas of research include Learner Autonomy, teaching literature and new media in the foreign language classroom. In 2010, we organised a local LA SIG conference at the University of Duisburg-Essen. I joined the SIG as a webmaster in 2011 and since 2016 I am the SIG's coordinator.
Leni Dam, Treasurer, PCE Organiser
I joined IATEFL in July 1995. At that time I was a member of a number of special interest groups apart from the LASIG, for example the Research SIG, Young Learners' SIG, the Teacher Development SIG. However, I came to the conclusion that the Learner Autonomy Special Interest Group really covers all the other SIGs mentioned, so I committed myself to the work for this SIG. In 2009, I became the joint coordinator of the SIG together with Lienhard Legenhausen. My interest in learner autonomy started in 1973, when I as a practising teacher at a Danish comprehensive school tried to implement learner autonomy in my classes. As a pedagogic adviser at the University College of Copenhagen, I had the chance to incorporate the principles of learner autonomy in in-service teacher education in Denmark. In 2004 I was awarded an honorary doctorate in pedagogy from Karlstad University, Sweden. Apart from books and articles on learner autonomy, I have published widely on differentiation and evaluation as well as given numerous talks around the world on these topics. I am now freelance.
Lienhard Legenhausen, PCE Organiser
I am professor emeritus of Language Pedagogy and Applied Linguistics at the University of Münster, Germany. My research interests include the study of learner language, technology-enhanced language learning as well as learner-centred approaches to classroom learning/teaching. Together with Leni Dam, Denmark, we ran the LAALE project (Language Acquisition in an Autonomous Learning Environment) in which we systematically observed the linguistic development of a class of Danish mixed ability learners who were taught according to the principles of autonomous language learning over a period of four years. For the last eight years I have taught linguistic and methodology courses in the English and German departments of the National University of Cherkasy, Ukraine. I became a member of the LASIG committee in 2008.
Maria Giovanna Tassinari, Webinars
I am director of the Centre for Independent Language Learning at the Freie Universität Berlin (Germany), which I set up 2005, and lecturer for Italian as a foreign language at the Language Centre of the same university. I started researching on self-access learning and learner autonomy 2004, during my Master Degree Master Itals at the Università Ca' Foscari in Venice (Italy). In my PhD I developed a Dynamic Model for Learner Autonomy to be used for self-assessment and self-reflection in classroom and language advising settings. I joined IATEFL LASIG 2011 and I am grateful for all the colleagues I met here and at several conferences and congresses all over the world: their enthusiasm, their generosity, their openness to exchange and collaboration are something very special in the academic world. As one of us said at the AILA World Congress in Brisbane, August 2014, "autonomy is about being human". Beside learner autonomy and self-access language learning, my research interests are language advising and emotions and feelings in language learning.
Jo Mynard, Publications
I am the Director of the Self-Access Learning Centre, Assistant Director of the English Language Institute, and Deputy Director of the Research Institute of Language Studies and Language Education at Kanda University of International Studies in Japan. I have an Ed.D. in TEFL from the University of Exeter, UK and an M.Phil. in applied linguistics from Trinity College, Dublin. I have taught EFL in Ireland, Spain, England, the UAE and Japan and have been interested in self-access and learner autonomy since 1996. I joined IATEFL and the SIG committee in 2001 and I have had various roles over the years. I am currently the Publications Officer which involves coordinating the publication process of our e-book series.
Natanael Delgado, Website
I work for the State University of Durango, Mexico, UJED. I am currently coordinating the Self-Access Centre at the School of Languages and teaching CALL and methodology courses to student-teachers of the BA in ELT. I have also taught English as a Foreign Language in Mexico, and Spanish as a Foreign Language in the UK. I have an MA in ELT from the University of Southampton, UK. My research interests lie on self-regulated learning, language learner strategies, and the use of digital technologies for effective language achievement in independent learning settings. I am a member of the IATEFL LASIG since 2010, who collaborated as a co-editor of Independence since 2011.
Anja Burkert, LASIG Day organiser, Membership
I am a university teacher of English and French at the Karl-Franzens-University of Graz/Austria and am especially interested in English for Academic Purposes and the promotion of learner autonomy. My interest in learner autonomy was initiated in 2006, when I was working on my PhD in language teaching methodology with a special focus on initial teacher education. In 2008, I joined the committee of the Learner Autonomy Special Interest Group (LASIG) of IATEFL as events organiser. I organised a two-day LASIG conference in my hometown, Graz, at the beginning of June this year (2012) and have co-organised several PCEs at IATEFL conferences.
Marcella Menegale, Local events
I am a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Linguistic and Cultural Studies of Ca' Foscari University of Venice (Italy), where I also work as a Teacher Trainer in the field of language education and as Coordinator of LADiLS Centre (Laboratory for Foreign Languages Didactics) and DICrom Centre (Didactics of Romance Intercomprehension). I first approached Learner Autonomy in 2008, when I started my Ph.D. research focused on the way learners may develop plurilingual competences. At the same time, I joined IATEFL LAsig group and, driven by contagious enthusiasm, in 2011 I organised a LAsig local event in Venice. Besides Learner Autonomy, I am interested in Plurilingualism, CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) and Language Intercomprehension.
Djalal Tebib, Editorial team & Social media
I am a teacher of English as a Foreign Language and a freelance editor/proof-reader in Algeria. I am also the director of the UC Writing Centre at the University of Constantine, Algeria. I hold an MA in Applied English Linguistics, and I am currently preparing a PhD on writing and learner autonomy. My growing interest in the latter began when I started my doctoral research some years ago. I Joined the LA SIG in 2013, and I am now an editorial assistant of its newsletter. Along with learner autonomy, my area of interest includes writing, teaching technologies and psycholinguistics.
Ruth Wilkinson, Editorial team
I originally qualified as a teacher of French and German in the UK, but for many years I have been working as an English teacher and teacher trainer in Spain. I finished my PhD in June 2013: my thesis focussed on my attempts to develop learner autonomy with my university students. I have been involved with LASIG since I first met Leni, Lienhard and Phil Benson in Sevilla in 2008.
Irena Šubic Jeločnik, Editorial team
I have been working as a secondary teacher at the Biotechnical secondary school in a rural area of Slovenia. Having taught across a wide variety of contexts from young learners to primary and elite grammar school as well as adult students in private language schools, I am dedicated to developing her learners' creativity, learning strategies, independence and autonomy. I have been involved with the LASIG since 2008 and joined the editorial board of Independence in 2011.
Carol Everhard, PR & Joint Reviews Editor
I am a past Coordinator of the LA SIG. I am an Independent Researcher who was formerly a Teaching Fellow in the Department of Theoretical & Applied Linguistics in the School of English, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. I have also worked as a teacher, teacher-trainer and organiser of Self-access resources for British Council operations in Greece.
Diane Malcolm, Joint Reviews Editor
Until recently I was head of English at Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain, a medical college, where I established and ran a self-access centre and incorporated elements of self-directed learning into the credit first year English courses I taught. I have also taught in Portugal, Canada and Saudi Arabia. My interest in learner autonomy began in the late 1970s when I first heard of Leni Dam's work. I have an MA in Applied Linguistics from Concordia University, Montreal, and a Doctor of Applied Linguistics from Macquarie University, Sydney and have published in the areas of reading strategies, learner autonomy, motivation and identity.
Sandro Amendolara, Blog editor
I am a University Lecturer at the University of Helsinki, Finland. My main teaching areas are ALMS (Autonomous Language Learning Modules), Intercultural Communication, and Academic Writing for English-medium Masters students; I have conducted research in all three fields. I became involved with learner autonomy in 2007, the year I started teaching in Helsinki. I have had the great fortune of having had two inspiring mentors, Felicity Kjisik (Flis) and Leena Karlsson, who not only created the wonderful ALMS framework over 20 years ago, but continue to have an active role in its continued development. My present interests in the field include the convergence of metacognitive and metaemotional discourse between ALMS counsellors and learners. I became a member of the LASIG committee in April 2016.


text:
Author has written 1 story for Twilight.
About Public Transportation:
Regarding the hiatus: When I started writing PT, I was fairly new to the writing/fanfic world and I made a rookie mistake by starting to post a story without a clear outline or idea of where the story would go after the bus crash. I doubt I will be able to start writing it again. However, I can promise you this: if I start writing and posting new chapters, then I will be finishing PT.
Extra information about Public Transportation:
Chapter 7: In the Twilight books, Joshua and Isaac are Angela's nine-year-old twin brothers, whom she adores. I always thought she might be a bit like a second mother to them since they are so much younger than she is and so I adapted them for this story. Second, I try my best to research things I don't know much about (bus routes, schedules, colleges, locations, etc.) but I was unsure how to research Ben's circumstances, so I hope it doesn't seem too far-fetched and that it did not offend or hurt anyone.
Chapter 8: To learn more about Marcus and Didyme, go to: www.stepheniemeyer.com/bd_faq.html
Chapters 8-10: If you're unsure how the various characters fit into the story, go check towards the back of Breaking Dawn. It lists the names of all the Volturi. Wikipedia also has a good list: which has Volturi's special talents/skills, some of which are hinted at in Public Transportation.


text:
Top: Portmans || Skirt: Forever New || Shoes: Novo || Handbag: Coach || Ring: Gucci
I woke up with this great plan to wear this top with some jeans. I was almost dressed and then I saw a tear in the seam of my jeans! I was not happy at all! So instead I had to change up my plan and pair this top with a yellow skirt (seen here before) which wasn't too bad because it matched the detailing on my top. I think it also worked well cause it brightened up my outfit. I went with matching navy accessories to finish of the look. Stay tuned for my top & jeans look coming soon.


text:
Video Shows Moments Before and After Fatal Hospital Shooting
The footage appears to show multiple security lapses at the facility.
By CS Staff · October 26, 2016
The Florida attorney's office released surveillance video from a fatal hospital shooting in July.
The short video shows David Owens entering the Parrish Medical Center in Titusville and walking past an unattended reception area.
The footage does not show the actual shooting.
Owens, 29, was recently found to be mentally incompetent to stand trial by a judge after he was accused of killing a patient and an employee at the hospital, according to wftv.com.
The video also shows employees running from the hallway where Owens emerged following the shooting.
RELATED: 10 Hospital Heroes with Incredible Stories about Saving Lives
Eventually unarmed hospital security officers tackled Owens and held him down until police arrived.
Owens spoke incoherently to investigators after his arrest. The suspect's mother says she's tried to get him mental health treatment for years.
A victim's relative, who has viewed the video, has speculated that Owens has been acting to receive a lighter sentence.
Owens will undergo a mental health status screening in April.


text:
Discussion in 'Logo Designs' started by PokerboysOF, Apr 28, 2008.
What do you think of it ...?
?>>>>>>>>>!!!!!!!>>>>>>? where is it
It was there this afternoon. I don't know where it is now? Anyone else? It was on his site (http://www.pokerboys-offenbach.de/), but is not now. There is a new one there instead, so he must have removed it.
It was here: http://www.pokerboys-offenbach.de/assets/images/banner.jpg
but they've removed it from the server, good thing actually couse i was about to comment on it.....
Separate names with a comma.


text:
Need a book? Engineering books recommendations...
Return to index: [Subject] [Thread] [Date] [Author]
Re: Shear Wall Table[Subject Prev][Subject Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next]
- To: seaint(--nospam--at)seaint.org
- Subject: Re: Shear Wall Table
- From: <LGSEA(--nospam--at)aol.com>
- Date: Fri, 17 Jul 1998 07:15:30 EDT
Billy, I think you're are asking for a publication produced by the American Iron & Steel Institute called "Shear Wall Design Guide." The pub number you gave is RG-9404, which I believe is for the old report (that we helped them develop). An updated version is just out and has been given the designation: RG-9804. Unfortunately, you won't get this from the AISI for free. They're charging $10 a copy. If you're looking for shear wall tables, you might want to check out some past issues of the LGSEA Newsletters which have this information (which formed the basis of the AISI reports). Especially, look at the January, April, and October 1995 issues. We also did an update with additional values in a 1997 issue (October, I think). Go to the "Publications" page on the LGSEA web site (LGSEA.com), and choose "Newsletters". You can download all the newsletter for free. Larry Williams LGSEA
- Prev by Subject: Shear Wall Table
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text:
U.S. Foreign Policy
Academics and public policy analysts compared historical U.S. foreign policy events to contemporary global issues that were prevalent in the 2016 presidential campaign. They also explored the role the…73 views
Academics and public policy analysts compared historical U.S. foreign policy events to contemporary global issues that were prevalent in the 2016 presidential campaign. They also explored the role the…73 views
Economists, authors, and academics talked about who benefits from globalization and trade policies. During the 2016 presidential campaign, both Donald Trump and Senator Bernie Sanders…7 views
Sean Spicer briefed reporters and responded to questions on a range of issues, He said the Trump administration did not vet former Trump National Security Adviser General Michael Flynn but relied on…1,917 views
Witnesses testified on duplication, waste, and fraud in areas of the federal government, including improper refundable tax credits by the IRS. Witnesses included the comptroller general of…302 views
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Panelists talked about Donald Trump's presidency and how it compares to previous administrations, including Richard Nixon's. Panelists included former Nixon White House counsel John Dean, former…129 views
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Hearings to examine countering Russia, focusing on further assessing options for sanctions.16 views
Business meeting to consider the nomination of Scott Gottlieb, of Connecticut, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services.24 views
The House convened for Morning Hour, when members were permitted to speak on a variety of topics.84 views
Telephone lines were open for viewer calls and social media comments on news of the day.129 views


text: Feature Requests item #1434822, was opened at 2006-02-19 22:30 Message generated for change (Tracker Item Submitted) made by Item Submitter You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=581582&aid=1434822&group_id=86976 Please note that this message will contain a full copy of the comment thread, including the initial issue submission, for this request, not just the latest update. Category: None Group: None Status: Open Priority: 5 Submitted By: Marc Haber (zugschlus) Assigned to: Nobody/Anonymous (nobody) Summary: extend @include functionality to allow directories Initial Comment: Hi, it would be great for the Debian packaging if it were possible to @include entire directories like /etc/aide/aide.conf.d/. aide would have to take precautions to avoid including backup files and other disabled files. In Debian, for example, it is common to exclude files ending in .dpkg-*. There are multiple approaches: * Insist on a certain extension (.conf, for example) * Having a regexp of allowed file names (settable at compile time is acceptable, run time of course preferred) * Having a regexp of file names to be ignored This would allow packages to bring their own aide configuration snippet and to have it enabled automatically. The Debian aide packages currently implement this behavior by having aide wrapped and the real configuration file built just before aide is invoked, but that's a fragile hack. Would be better to have that functionality in aide proper. Thanks for considering. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- You can respond by visiting: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=581582&aid=1434822&group_id=86976


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Society & Culture, Places & TravelFollow
|Places & Travel
The best of BBC Radio 3's flagship arts and ideas programme Free Thinking - featuring in-depth interviews and debates with artists, scientists and public figures.
April 22nd, 2015
Episode 941 of 1298 episodes
Philip Dodd explores what a world view of Shakespeare means. Guests include Globe Director Dominic Dromgoole, Professor Sonia Massai from Kings College London, Preti Taneja, Global Shakespeare Research Fellow and a Radio 3 New Generation Thinker and Professor David Schalkwyk, head of Global Shakespeare.
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The Art of Charm Podcast is where self-motivated guys and gals, just like you, come to learn from a diverse mix of experienced mentors, including the world's best professional and academic minds, scientists, relationship experts, entrepreneurs, bestselling authors, and other badasses. This show will make you a better networker, better connector, and -- most important -- a better thinker.


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
If You Could See Me Now
Features of This Trackhip-hop influences
mild rhythmic syncopation
acoustic rhythm piano
minor key tonality
a partially spoken vocal delivery
vocal harmonies
and many other similarities identified in the Music Genome Project
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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And touching.
But so motivating.
Love you bunches
Miss u so much :.(
Pick a color
Post on 5 other songs
And look under your pillow
I love you baby!
#inspiration a l
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text:
April, 1882: Tesla Takes Job In Paris
Tesla and his good friend Anthony Szigety accepted positions with the Continental Edison Company, which had recently been started in Paris. Tesla worked for Charles Batchelor at the Ivry-sur-Seine lamp factory and installed lighting systems in the Paris Opera House and a theater in Bavaria. He submitted a plan for improving the Edison dynamos to Mr. Rau, an administrator for the company. The plan was approved and soon Tesla's automatic regulator was gratefully accepted. Tesla was likely expecting to be compensated but was dispatched to Strasbourg before payment was awarded.


text:
Today, I realized I spend way too much time on the computer. I grabbed the menu at the restaurant, glanced at the page, and tried to do CTRL+F to find seafood. Geek coming through! FML
BeginnerYou have looked through 5 pages of the website. That's a start.
Up and coming moderatorIt's nice of you to help us sort out the submissions, using FML's moderate feature.
I moderated this!In "Moderate the FMLs", you voted Yes on a story that was subsequently published. Well done!
SocialiteYou used FML's private messaging service for the first time. Will they reply? Wait and see…
Night owlYou commented on an FML between 1 and 3 a.m.
The rules are the rulesReading the comment rules is a really good idea. This badge is sponsored by Alan, our moderator.
Work is a 4-letter wordVoting on an FML in the "Work" category on a Monday morning between 8 and 9 a.m. How ironic.
Checking you outYou checked out the profile page belonging to one of the last people to have a look at your profile.
Keen reader – Level: master ninjaYou have voted for 50% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.
Keen reader – Level: student ninjaYou have voted for 15% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.
Happy endingBrandon may have an FML, but he ended up marrying Jessica. You found this out by reading "FML, the follow up."
PerfectionistEditing your comments can help you avoid embarrassment, and it might make you seem smarter.
Who's the fairest of them all?This is now the third time you've changed your profile pic.
I agree, my mouse works.200 "I agree" votes is a good start.
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It's in the can!Hey, you uploaded your photo, and you're cute as a kitten!
100 kick-ass comments100 of your comments are neither buried or moderated. Popular is your middle name!
A new thumbYou've used your thumb on 1000 comments.
50 quality commentsClicking to reply to a comment is a worthy thing to do. To do so without getting buried afterwards is even worthier.
Consolation prizeYour FML was denied. We had to at least give you a badge to cheer you up a bit.
50 favoritesLove knows no boundaries. You've already added 50 FMLs to your favourites list!
This isn't what should be happeningYou've set the cat off again, he's started pushing fruit out of bodies of water. Well done, wrong turn. Go back.
JudgmentalYou have voted "You deserved it" over 100 times.
YDI MasterYou made your 500th "You deserved it" vote.
Keen reader – Level: godlike ninjaYou have voted for 100% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.53%
The return of the thumbYou have thumbed 5000 comments.24%
The thumb strikes backYou have left your thumbprint on 2500 comments.48%
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Today, a drunk driver drove his car through my mailbox. He got pissed, started yelling, and threatened to sue me for "putting the mailbox in the middle of the road". If my front lawn is a road, I'm going to have some serious issues. FML
Today, while sexting my girlfriend, I accidently sent a picture to her father instead of her. He sent back a link to a penis enlargement company's website. FML
Today, my dog became scared of his own food bowl. He now barks for ages every time he sees it. FML
Today, I saw a woman in the neighbouring apartment taking a shower without pulling the blinds of her bathroom window. As a good Samaritan, I waved my arms to attract her attention that she forgot the blinds. She noticed me, opened the window, did a weird boob dance and middle fingered me. FML


text:
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Private Beach Condo Roatan Club Natale Bay Villas
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text:
Chant Engineering Receives Gold Boeing Performance Excellence Award!
We are thrilled to announce...
- View Story -
NEW VIDEO! SOLAS Amendment is Now in Effect
Are you prepared to meet the challenge of this far-reaching change in the cargo container shipping industry?
500MT Talurit Swager
Gantry Style Reeling Machines
150T Swager - In Stock!
Solid DIN 3091 Thimbles
Chant Engineering's new Gantry Style Reeling Machines are available in sizes from GS5 (5,000 lb.) up to the GS60 (60,000 lb.) any of the models may be customized to be taller and/or wider – and we have a full array of accessories available.
Contact us for more information or pricing at email@example.com


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At Brandon Dodge on Broadway, we give your car repair and maintenance top priority. Regardless of the nature of the issue, we're here to help . Our highly trained, certified technicians are reliable and can be trusted to make sure your car is running perfectly when you leave our shop. Dealerships like Brandon Dodge are full service auto repair Denver shops. Come in today and you'll be amazed at the number of services that we have to offer.
- Crankcase ventilation filter repair and replace
- Engine rebuild and replace
- EGR cooler cleaning
- Oil changes and tune ups
- Transmission repair and replace
- EGR valve cleaning
- World Class vehicle inspections with free report to keep in your vehicle
- Free Car Rental for certain repairs(check with your service advisor for details)
- Tire Rotation and balancing
- Alignment
- Brake jobs
These are just a few among the many services that you'll find when you visit Brandon Dodge on Broadway's service department. Our facility is state-of-the-art and our experienced service technicians are the best int he business ensuring that we give exceptional service to your vehicle.
When you visit us for your auto repair or routine service, you'll find we are one of the best Denver auto repair shops.
Customer policy
To us, our customers are first and foremost like family. We work towards building a lasting relationship founded on trust and mutual benefit. We have a deeply entrenched culture of repeat customer purchases. Get in touch with our professionals and you will discover why at Brandon Dodge on Broadway we pride ourselves in being the one stop shop.
Auto repair Denver EGR System Service
When you hit 67,500 miles, or when the "perform service light" comes on Chrysler recommends that you have your EGR System checked and serviced.
Our specially designed EGR service provides following:
Crankcase Ventilation Filter replacement and EGR Valve Cleaning- constant crankcase activity produces blow-by-gas. The work of the valve is to prevent such gas from leaking into the environs. The reason you need to have your crankcase ventilation filter replaced is to avoid engine pressure build up and subsequent engine vibration. Such occurrences are common when the EGR valve gets stuck or ceases its normal functioning.
EGR Cooler Cleaning- carbon particles clog your engine from time to time and this gradually reduce its performance. This clogging when not cleaned in time can cause secondary problems which may be costly to repair.
To help with the expense of this service, we are offer a free oil change and oil filter service valued at $79.95 . You can get your coupon here: http://www.brandondodgeonbroadway.net/specials/service.htm


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Mathletics: powering learning from Kindergarten to Grade 6.
Almost 5 million students love learning with Mathletics and it's no secret why…
Mathletics is designed to provide students with an engaging and safe learning experience. Targeted and adaptive content with structured support, plus gaming and rewards – all aligned to Common Core, TEKS, MAFS or state-based math curricula.
Targeted and adaptive practice.
Mathletics courses are aligned to the domains and standards of Common Core, TEKS, MAFS or state-based curricula and designed for all learning styles. Questions include animated tutorials, audio support and adapt to the learning pace of each child.
Over 1200 activities targeting the math curriculum, including pre and post assessment.
Each activity adapts automatically, evolving as students progress in understanding.
Questions are marked automatically, with results data sent directly to the teacher.
On-screen notifications for homework and teacher-assigned tasks.
Open learning…
We believe students learn better by doing, so we created our interactive Rich Learning Tasks in partnership with leading educators. These open-ended low threshold, high ceiling activities provide both teachers and students with a deep learning experience for all abilities.
"Mathletics is made for the USA."
Our commitment to the curriculum is second to none. Whether it is Common Core, TEKS, MAFS or state-based math curricula, our publishing team has created powerful activities to target domains and standards. We are also passionate about our rich, open-ended learning resources. Add in our reporting tools and you've got a powerful and individualized resource.
Peter Walters, CEO 3P Learning Americas.
Plus a range of learning resources to engage and challenge…
Welcome to the fast-paced and exciting world of LIVE Mathletics, a hugely popular area of the resource. Students are matched with others from their own class (or the other side of the world!) and are challenged to fast-paced 60 second live races of mental math.
There is no more popular or fun way to target math fluency!
Revolutionary assessments.
The range of online assessments within Mathletics has been designed by our math experts to specifically target Common Core and individual state standards. Formative, summative or diagnostic, they are a powerful tool.
- Scheduled and assigned directly to students, assessments are taken online and are automatically marked.
- Learning gaps are identified, generating individual learning pathways.
- Tablet-compatible, plus accessibility options for vision impairment.


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If you don't mind so so seating and serve yourself dining, the food here is really good. The price is fair, also.
We ordered fish and chips, fried calamari and wine, and everything was just okay. Malibu Seafood Fresh Fish Market and Patio Cafe would be the example of perfect fish and chips to my taste. Reel Inn though is a really pleasant beach cafe to spend an afternoon. We had a good time with friends after a long walk along the beach. It was not crowded at all and we enjoyed seating on the shady patio.
Quick seafood - baskets and benches. Feels like a local haunt. I had shrimp tacos, my wife had scallops and Cajon rice. Not a lot of seasoning, but fresh and tasty.
This place is right off the pacific coast highway in Malibu. It's vert casual. You'd fit right in walking in with sandals and a tank top. Pick your fish, and they call you when your plate is ready. I was surprised at how much food they gave me for the price. I had the sautéed tilapia because it was recommended by a tv show I had seen. It did not disappoint - it was bursting with flavor. Lots of beers on tap, too. Of course, the view was amazing. 5 stars.
Had an outstanding meal at the Reel Inn. Catfish with a bit of Cajun and tartar sauce on top, fresh veggies, fries...just perfect. Wine and beer ice cold, servers delightful and friendly. Right on PCH, easy parking. Do not miss this charming spot!
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.


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Just about one year ago, Hakim Bellamy was selected as Albuquerque's first Poet Laureate. What an honor! And what a responsibility. How can a poet be such an active presence in the community and continue writing at the same time? Somehow he's doing it...and brilliantly. His first book of poems came out…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on April 28, 2013 at 8:00am — 3 Comments
Ms. Marselle, "Wife. Mother. Teacher. Poet.…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on April 21, 2013 at 7:30am — 4 Comments
Added by The DitchRider on April 14, 2013 at 8:00am — 5 Comments
Jessica Lopez draws me into her world with every line. Writing with power, passion, and insight, she can leave the reader breathless. You can hear Jessica Helen Lopez read for free next Sunday April 14th at the Tractor Brewing Co. in Nob Hill as part of the "I'll Drink To That" series. …Continue
Added by The DitchRider on April 7, 2013 at 8:32am — 3 Comments
Have a vision for America? Have a plan for you own life? Does Grover Norquist intrude upon your quiet thoughts about what tomorrow might hold? If you do nothing else this morning, read on. Thanks to Zach Kluckman for the heads-up on Lauren Zuniga's coming to town and…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on March 31, 2013 at 7:30am — 3 Comments
Despite this week's cold snap, we have all been outside thinking about our gardens, worrying about those fruit trees, and glancing at the tangled hose half buried under the brown leaves out back. Welcome to spring! "Avoid bunnies," adds the poet.
Merimee Moffitt lives in…
Added by The DitchRider on March 24, 2013 at 8:00am — 7 Comments
This morning Margaret Randall will be reading at Sunday Chatter (formerly Church of Beethoven). You can hear her read "Cursive Writing..." in person. I can…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on March 17, 2013 at 8:00am — 7 Comments
Sit down for coffee with Nathan Brown and watch the people around you. Ride along the Rio Grande with Cathy Arellano and wonder about your life as the sheriff comes into view. Ah...Sundays.…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on March 10, 2013 at 8:00am — 6 Comments
Maine poets Wil Gibson and Beau Williams rolled into town this weekend. They read last night at One Night Only which was staged at The Source on Carlisle Blvd in southeast Albuquerque. Gibson claims Rockford, Illinois as a hometown. As does another of…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on March 3, 2013 at 7:30am — 3 Comments
Lyre Snakes are a mildly poisonous snake found throughout the southwest. Named for the V-shaped marking on their head, they are not easily observed--being primarily nocturnal and living deep in rock crevices and canyon walls. They are said to eat lizards, rodents, and even bats.
New Mexico…
Added by The DitchRider on February 24, 2013 at 8:00am — 2 Comments
I heard that sometime within the next five years, there will actually be more guns in the U.S. than people. Is there no turning back? Must we live with instant death forever? How crass have we become? Is there a tipping point?
Margaret Randall continues her work here in Nob Hill and…
Added by The DitchRider on February 17, 2013 at 8:00am — 4 Comments
Many, many people regard the Rio Grande valley as a holy place. What does that mean? Well, for one thing, it seems to draw a lot of people to it that imagine or re-imagine the essence of life on this earth. This is seldom a matter of belief, rather an individual perception of what is, what flows, and what…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on February 10, 2013 at 8:00am — 4 Comments
Yesterday, Rev. Jesse Jackson asked President Obama to come to Chicago. The occasion? Death by gunfire in the streets of Chicago, including that of a young woman who had participated in Obama's Inauguration festivities in Washington D.C. In the U.S. 1280 people have been killed by guns just since last…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on February 3, 2013 at 8:11am — 7 Comments
"It was during this time I hitched a ride to California and stopped in Bernalillo, New Mexico where I read in the Placitas Village newspaper "The Sign Post" of a new community forming, gathered around Buckminster Fuller's geodesic domes, alternative communal housing. I decided to spend a few…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on January 27, 2013 at 8:00am — 3 Comments
I heard Jim Burbank read this poem at Sunday Chatter a couple of weeks ago. He literally brought down the house. So relax, lean back, read on, and be confident that your Sunday morning includes a smile or two.
James C. Burbank is director of UNM's Professional Writing Internship…
Added by The DitchRider on January 20, 2013 at 8:00am — 5 Comments
This morning's poem is quintessential Rich Boucher: smart, ironic, imaginative, kind…and yet filled with some sort of comedic horror.
Rich is featured this Wednesday, Jan. 16th, at the MAS Poetry Slam and Open Mic event at Winning Coffee Co., 111 Harvard SE. It starts at 7:00. Sign-up at 6:30. …
Added by The DitchRider on January 13, 2013 at 8:00am — 10 Comments
If our eyes were fast enough to read a coin as it flips in the air, the sides might read "Hello" and "Good-bye." Yet, when it comes to the lives of people around us, this perspective is hard to come by. How is it that a teenager can express it so well?
Jude Marx is a 16-year-old high school junior at…
Added by The DitchRider on January 6, 2013 at 8:00am — 7 Comments
If America's songwriters were poets they might have been lucky enough to write this moving piece. Instead, they had to content themselves with It Ain't Me Babe and Don't Fence Me In. Life is complicated, and this winding piece finds its mark in line after line.
Katrina Guarascio reads this…
Added by The DitchRider on December 30, 2012 at 8:00am — 3 Comments
Beautiful images of our enchanted landscape dance with a bit of danger in this poem of the season. No wonder we never grow tired of living here or wandering down those country roads. "Cibola Winter" was written when Dale and her husband lived in Torreon and owned the Hummingbird Cafe in Mountainair. She…Continue
Added by The DitchRider on December 23, 2012 at 7:53am — 4 Comments
The poet sits in an arroyo contemplating what it means to be alive and human. How New Mexico is that! This gorgeous poem explores that moment and is itself a revelation.
Elizabeth Jacobson will be reading this morning at Sunday Chatter. This poem is from her book, …
Added by The DitchRider on December 16, 2012 at 8:54am — 5 Comments


text: Building Plans Archive 14 Oct 2015 Wooden Windmill Tower Plans By admin Building Plans 0 Comment You will find a lot of information related to wooden windmill tower plans by surfing on the internet. Actually the windmill has two main purposes which are for water distribution and industries stuff. But this time we will discuss about the windmill tower which was made of wood materials. Tower for the windmill is a necessity that Read More 02 Oct 2015 Firewood Storage Shed Plans that Simple By admin Building Plans 0 Comment Combating cold without suffering from high utility bills is a very likely reason for you to use firewood. Aside from saving some money, you can also exercise while cutting and splitting the logs you use for your firewood. The problem that's getting a little bit tricky is how to save your woods without it become Read More 24 Sep 2015 DIY RV Carport Plans Tips and Instruction By admin Building Plans 0 Comment We know that RV is too big to fit inside normal garage, so it can make a problem for you to store it when it's not in use. You can't also simply leave it in front of the road because it may block enough spaces that your neighbor can complain of. That's way the possible Read More 17 Sep 2015 Gypsy Caravan Plans Free: Things to Consider By admin Building Plans 0 Comment There are always some mystical wonders that are associated with Gypsy caravan, particularly because of the fact that Gypsies tend to not stay in one place for too long, thus somehow inciting the impression of adventurousness and free-spirited soul. Gypsy caravans are great as a unique travelling vehicle and it can even be made to Read More 1234567


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Research strategy
The current research strategy sets our direction and priorities, and details the focus of our resources so we can ensure our work has the greatest impact.
The central aim of the research strategy is to enable better futures and reduce difficulties for children with epilepsy.
Working with UCL-Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital and North London Epilepsy Network, research includes the review of children who have been newly diagnosed to those with complex epilepsy.


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Enter any functional home and within moments it, becomes apparent who manages the household. Who schedules the appointments, organizes family affairs, is the at home physician, chauffeur, counselor, cook, and mediator? It's the women. Combine this role with the growing necessity to work outside of the home contributing a shared or full income; it becomes evident that women have begun to move beyond the traditional roles of home management. Women are now managing the money. Charlotte Whitton – mayor of Ottawa said "whatever women do they must do twice as well as men to be thought half as good, luckily, this is not difficult."
The days of coupon clipping and flyer sifting has been replaced by women finding lower interest rates on loans, mortgages and credit cards, more convenient banking alternatives, negotiating better rates on utilities, and finding better deals on financial issues affecting their families. It is this expansion of women's roles combined with their propensity for seeking help that is leading them to educate themselves about money matters. A report on Statistics Canada published in March 2006 stated that by 2004, 65% of all women with children under the age of three were employed – more than double the amount in 1976. Similarly, 70% of women whose youngest child was aged three to five worked for pay in 2004, up from 37% in 1976. This dramatic increase is leading more women to managing the money in their homes and will eventually lead to their families reducing debt load and seeking more wealth.
Debt can have a significant impact on a woman's family and marriage. According to Brian Pybus, a debt reduction facilitator with K&G Debt & Credit Professionals, "debt is a result of life, it is the consequence of injury, illness, divorce and unemployment; there is a very human quality to debt." Until debt can be eliminated, women have been looking outside the box for strategies to resolving it when they are over burdened as a result of crisis. Women have accessed services which provides for debt forgiveness as an alternative to bankruptcy. Women have come to realize that conventional options to resolving debt are no longer sufficient.
By addressing debt head on, as well as focusing on investments and building wealth, women are moving their families toward financial freedom. According to a report released by CIBC "Women Entrepreneurs: Leading the Charge," in the last 15 years there has been a 50% increase in the number of self-employed women in Canada. On top of entrepreneurial innovations, women are also more actively involved in real estate investments, RRSP contributions, and creative wealth building endeavors. This will continue to have a major impact on how money is managed in the home.
It is a consistent truth that women have often been all things to all people, and now they are expanding relentlessly into the financial realm. This will have a major impact on our society as a whole. Despite the positive affect that this will have on the family finances, I question the affect that it will have on women themselves. There is only so much time and energy to go around, what will be compromised in the mean time? I implore women to consider their needs and to make choices based on what they wish for themselves, acknowledging that they have the ability to realize all of their dreams and that no two are the same.


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Sandra Piller Sings Cool Country Version of Fleetwood Mac Song
Country artist Sandra Piller brings her smooth vocals to "Say You Love Me" and her fan club has created a video for the tune using images full of kaleidoscopic lights and twirling dancers.
The music video, now available on YouTube, features Sandra with her band, The Wild Cards, as they play at a Toys-for-Tots fundraising event. During the show, the troupe known as Leba's Dancers often took over much of the dance floor and the country dancers glide and twirl throughout the video.
Piller's fan club, The Wild Bunch, created the video, which begins with images of the artist and her band. Weaving in and out of the video, much like the dancers themselves, are the kaleidoscopic lights of the venue.
"Say You Love Me" was a hit song composed by Christine McVie, an original member of the platinum-selling pop band Fleetwood Mac.
This is the third fan-produced video for Piller, and joins two official videos for songs from her most recent album, "Days Like These," now available on iTunes and the Shady Hill Records site (www.shadyhillrecords.com)
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text: POST 23 goes the extra mile and produces an extremely in-depth behind the scenes for their role in making "The Enders Game". When I say extremely in-depth, I mean it. Split screen upon split screen of live action, motion capture, 3D geometry mesh, concept art, texturing mapping and more. If you need some inspiration look no further.


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Recent Posts
Tag Archives: node.js
Δnow: realtime global deployments
Δnow allows you to take your JavaScript (Node.js) or Docker powered websites, applications and services to the cloud with ease, speed and reliability. Every time you deploy a project, Δnow gives you a unique URL to it (even before build … Continue reading
Electrode – Universal React and Node.js Application Platform
From the folks at Walmart: Electrode is a platform for building universal React/Node.js applications with standardized structure, best practices, and modern technologies baked in. It's powering Walmart.com. And, now developers can use Electrode Platform as a whole or take its … Continue reading
Node.js "Hackathon Starter"
If you have attended any hackathons in the past, then you know how much time it takes to get a project started: decide on what to build, pick a programming language, pick a web framework, pick a CSS framework. A … Continue reading
Nodal – API Services Made Easy With Node.js
Nodal is a web server for Node.js, optimized for building API services quickly and efficiently. Boasting its own opinionated, explicit, idiomatic and highly-extensible framework, Nodal takes care of all of the hard decisions for you and your team. This allows … Continue reading
pm2 – Advanced Production Process Manager for Node.js
PM2 is a production process manager for Node.js applications with a built-in load balancer. It allows you to keep applications alive forever, to reload them without downtime and to facilitate common system admin tasks. Instead of starting your apps using … Continue reading
Node debugging with TraceGL
TraceGL transforms your JavaScript, injecting monitoring code that produces a log of everything that happens. This log is streamed from the target – via the traceGL node.js process – to the UI for visualisation. The UI tries to display the … Continue reading
$ cat hi.js var bunyan = require('bunyan'); var log = bunyan.createLogger({name: 'myapp'}); log.info('hi'); log.warn({lang: 'fr'}, 'au revoir'); $ node hi.js {"name":"myapp","hostname":"banana.local","pid":40161,"level":30,"msg":"hi","time":"2013-01-04T18:46:23.851Z","v":0} {"name":"myapp","hostname":"banana.local","pid":40161,"level":40,"lang":"fr","msg":"au revoir","time":"2013-01-04T18:46:23.853Z","v":0} Bunyan is a simple and fast JSON logging library for node.js services The true power comes when … Continue reading
JavaScript I/O (io.js)
Node.js, a popular and influential tool for building and running modern internet services, has split in two. Late yesterday, some of its primary developers "forked" this open source project, creating a new version of the tool they call Io.js. The … Continue reading
koa – next generation web framework for node.js
Koa is a new web framework designed by the team behind Express, which aims to be a smaller, more expressive, and more robust foundation for web applications and APIs. Through leveraging generators Koa allows you to ditch callbacks and greatly … Continue reading
ocppjs – An experimental OCPP Simulator
Simulator for the Open Charge Point Protocol — the protocol by which a Charge Point of an electric vehicle communicates with a Central System — supporting both OCPP-S (standard OCPP, using SOAP over HTTP) and the new OCPP-J ("new" OCPP, … Continue reading


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You all must have seen Jim Iyke's cover for Glam Africa Magazine's Spring 2015 issue. It was out last week, but guess what, just tonight, excerpts from the explosive interview he had with the mag got released. And in it, Jim Iyke addressed his relationship with new mum Nadia Buari, his ex Kenturah and for the first time talked at length about his TB Joshua deliverance that had him trending all over Africa for weeks!
Jim also took some seconds to shade the heck out of Charles Novia for ridiculing his deliverance.
Speaking of being controversial and why it is the case, Jim quotes John Travolta saying "that this is the worst time to be a celebrity with the advent of social media.
What we do right now with all due respect is really beyond Africa. Its not continental anymore, it has a global appeal. I represent the continent to the world. Controversy is something that finds you, you don't find it, it is a mysterious propensity.
I have a knack for speaking my mind, a knack for doing something completely out of the


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British companies placed more orders with manufacturers last month than in almost two years, a snapshot survey of factory bosses showed yesterday, painting an improving picture of the UK economy.
Stronger domestic demand, particularly from shipbuilders, aerospace companies and others in the capital goods sector, compensated for flat orders from exporters, according to a study of some 680 firms by the CBI, the UK's largest employers group.
The survey suggested manufacturers were keen to exploit the improving economic backdrop by raising prices, which could stoke inflation, economists warned. "Inflationary pressures that are becoming ever more evident were also clear in this survey," Alan Clarke, the UK economist at BNP Paribas, said.
More firms said they expected to increase their average prices over the next three months than at any time since January 2005. They are seeking to recoup lost profits after the recent surge in energy and raw material costs.
Ian McCafferty, the CBI's chief economic adviser, said: "The outlook remains encouraging for UK manufacturers. But it is disappointing that export orders have not improved more, given the current revival of the eurozone economy, our principal export market." He warned that given "continuing intense international competition", firms could struggle to raise prices.
Despite the pick-up in August, total orders remained below normal according to a balance of 8 per cent of manufacturers, the CBI's monthly industrial trends survey showed. This was an improvement on the balance of 11 per cent that reported below-normal orders in July. The last time order books were better than normal was in August 2004.Reuse content


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Look at us grow! Audiophile has reached 25 members!
Going back to digital audio after years of analog...I was reading the New Yorker's obituary on the late Rudy Van Gelder when I came across this paragraph: Though Van Gelder's sound defines the classic age of the jazz LP, he had no vinyl-centered nostalgia in the digital era. In 1995, he called the LP "the ...
Vinyl - Pro-Ject Esprit Review - View - ImzyA place for record enthusiasts can discuss records, turntables, and anything else related to the hobby.
Sonos ReviewOne could say I am a addict, given that I have bought enough to pay for a few employees' kids' braces. The reason for their high price tag is they are by far the best wireless speakers on the market.