text:
When Notre Dame last played Stanford, the ending of the game pretty much summed up the state of affairs for the Irish.
Charlie Weis, in his last game at head coach, ordered the defense to let the Cardinal score a touchdown in the final minute so his offense could get the ball back with a chance to tie. You couldn't really blame Weis, since his defense couldn't do much all day against Stanford. Mostly, though, maybe he thought trying something new at the end of the game would shake things up.
The Irish's last eight losses have all come by a touchdown or less. The average margin of defeat in those games is a little more than four points. That also includes, of course, the first two losses of the Brian Kelly era: a 28-24 setback to Michigan and last week's 34-31 overtime heartbreaker at Michigan State.
There really haven't been a lot of common threads in how Notre Dame has failed to avoid defeat in the final minute, other than a consistently shaky defense. Let's examine the ways of woe:
Michigan (38-34): Tate Forcier led a game-winning drive that ended with a touchdown pass with 11 seconds left.
USC (34-27): The Irish has three shots into the end zone to tie it but couldn't connect.
Navy (23-21): The Midshipmen ran all over the Irish defense, but Notre Dame left too many points on the board in the red zone.
Pittsburgh (27-22): Notre Dame fell behind but made a big rally that ended when Jimmy Clausen was hit and fumbled.
Connecticut (33-30, 2OT): The Irish took a 14-0 lead but then didn't score another touchdown until overtime, and they gave up a kickoff return for a touchdown.
Stanford (45-38): The defense had no answer for Toby Gerhart, and the offense couldn't produce a miracle drive.
Michigan (28-24): The Dayne Crist injury hurt, but Notre Dame dominated the second half before Denard Robinson led a game-winning drive in the final minutes.
Michigan State (34-31): The Spartans pulled off a gutsy fake field-goal in overtime to win it.
Offense, defense and special teams have all contributed to the narrow losses. If a team is consistently one play short, the obvious question is why? Does Notre Dame still have to learn how to win a game in the end?
Kelly doesn't think that's the case.
"I've had teams that didn't know how to win," Kelly said. "You could just tell. That's not this group. No, this team does not have that sense, from me, that they don't know how to win."
Kelly said the way Notre Dame's defense stiffened at the end of the Michigan State game, and the way it rallied against Michigan after a disastrous first half, tells him these players know how and want to win a game. They just need to make fewer mistakes.
"When you play evenly-matched football teams and they play well, then it comes down to a couple of plays," he said. "That's what we have to get to. It's not not knowing how to win; it's playing the game at a level that you don't give up a 56-yard run or you don't fumble the ball or turn it over in the red zone like we did twice [against Michigan State]."
Crist says he sees a fight in this team that tells him it's prepared to get over the hump. After the Michigan State loss, he said, players were disappointed and hurt but also ready to get back out on the practice field and correct mistakes.
"I think this team knows how to win and it knows how to compete," Crist said. "That's the thing I'm most proud of right now. There's no cease in any of the guys. This isn't a team that's down. We're not in the locker room hanging our heads. We're focusing on what we need to do to beat Stanford."
With the 1-2 start under Kelly, and the same types of last-minute losses, questions are already cropping up about when things are ever going to change. Kelly is an impatient type who likes to talk about "5-minute plans" in his rebuilding projects. But he says it's no time to change the plan.
"We're in the first quarter of our season, first chapter of the book," he said. "I think it's a little frustrating to read right now, but I'd stick with the book. I think it's going to be a good read."
And like with all good storytellers, Notre Dame needs to learn how to write a good ending.


text:
sponsored by
Ari Vidali
CEO and Founder of Envisage Technologies
Ari is involved in building next-generation training systems, cloud-based learning, records management, automation of high-liability training operations, and pervasive readiness technologies. He is a committee member of the National Congress for Secure Communities and an advisory board member of IADLEST. He has consulted for Federal Agencies, Homeland Security, Public Safety, Military, and Law Enforcement on technology, security, legally defensible records, compliance, and training.
The public safety mobile data customer now needs fast and rugged. That's because of tools like automatic license plate readers (ALPR) and high-end computer-aided dispatch (CAD) systems. That software requires state-of-the-art processing power. Fortunately, there are now plenty of computer makers willing and able to supply high-powered mobile computers for law enforcement.
The iForce is more than an in-car computer. It's essentially a computer-based communication system. It helps officers communicate with each other, communicate with any applicable databases, and even communicate with their vehicles.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We produce beautiful books that bristle and shimmer with life.
Deborah Wilson is a historian, university associate, university teacher, and union official. She teaches Aboriginal Studies at the University of Tasmania, and works as an organiser with the National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU).
The University of Western Australia (M419)
35 Stirling HighwayCrawley, PerthWestern Australia 6009
Telephone: (+61 8) 6488 3670
Business and Administration:firstname.lastname@example.com
Marketing and Media:firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
MONUMENTA GERMANIAE HISTORICA: 42 volume set.
by Medieval Journals.
NY: Kraus Reprint, 1963. Bound in uniform red buckram. Ex-library hardcover books in very good condition. Old library markings else clean and tight with almost no signs of having been used. Text in Latin. This is a set of 42 volumes from the 1963 Kraus reprint of the MGH. Set contains SCRIPTORES Vols. 1-30; LIBELLI Vols 1-3; LEGES Vols. 1-5; EPISTOLAE Vols. 1-2; and DIPLOMATA Vols. 4-5. (Inventory #: 112648)


text:
Tina Red Capri Pants by Hell Bunny have darts in the front to shape and a V-shaped gap at the hem of the leg of the back. The pedal pushers have a zip in the centre back seam. Fabric content: 75% rayon, 22% Nylon 3% Elastane.
VenusMantrap by VillyV - see more photos on our blog.
Thank you ! We have received your message.
Submit your question, comment or review for Tina Red Capri Trousers by Hell Bunny
Hell Bunny Size Chart of Woven DressesXS (uk8) - Bust 31in, Waist 26 1/4in, Hip 33 1/2S (uk10) - Bust 33in, Waist 28 1/4in, Hip 35 1/2M (uk12) - Bust 35in, Waist 30 1/4in, Hip 37 1/2L (uk14) - Bust 37in, Waist 32 1/4in, Hip 39 1/2XL (uk16) - Bust 39in, Waist 34 1/4in, Hip 41 1/2XXL (uk18) - Bust 42in, Waist 37 1/4in, Hip 44 1/23XL (uk20) - Bust 45in, Waist 40 1/4in, Hip 47 1/24XL (uk22) - Bust 48in, Waist 43 1/4in, Hip 50 1/2
Rockabilly Pinup © 2010-2016


text:
For punt returns, the coaches are giving freshman Devon Smith, Graham Zug, Evan Royster and Drew Astorino shots at the job. Astorino seems to be working his way in the punt-safe return role held by Anthony Scirrotto the past few seasons.
The starting tailback, Royster has looked "sharp" on returns, but there are concerns related to the added exposure and chance of injury. Although one observer simply said, "play your best guys."
Smith continues to show "great explosion" with his legs, although he needs to get comfortable with "pulling in the ball." According to one observer, "He can field [punts] pretty well, but he tends to take his eyes off to see the coverage."
Meanwhile, Chaz Powell, A.J. Wallace, Smith and Stephfon Green have all had opportunities to field kickoffs this week. Those four all have enough speed and wiggle to break the big one. So it will come down to who can catch the ball most consistently and then hold onto it during the return.


text:
Top infoTECH News
Software News
Hardware News
Security News
Networking News
infoTECH Editor's Pick
infoTECH Awards
What's Hot in Information Technology?
infoTECH Services
infoTECH Media Kit
IP Phones
Power Protection
Software Licensing
Software Monetization
infoTECH News
[January 15, 2013]
Global Document Outsourcing Market 2012-2016: The Global NoSQL Market to Grow At A CAGR Of 29.14 Percent over the Period 2012-2016
(M2 PressWIRE Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) Dublin - Research and Markets (
) has announced the addition of the "Global Document Outsourcing Market 2012-2016" report to their offering.
TechNavio's analysts forecast the Global Document Outsourcing market to grow at a CAGR of 20.75 percent over the period 2012-2016. One of the key factors contributing to this market growth is the increased focus on business processes and core competencies. The Global Document Outsourcing market has also been witnessing consolidation of the market. However, the increase in security concerns could pose a challenge to the growth of this market.
The key vendors dominating this market space are Canon Inc., HP Co., Lexmark International Inc., Ricoh Co. Ltd., and Xerox Corp.
The other vendors mentioned in the report are Pitney Bowes Inc., Toshiba Corp., Konica Minolta Holdings Inc., the American Reprographics Co., and Kyocera Document Solution Inc.
Commenting on the report, an analyst from TechNavio's IT Services team said: ''In the current scenario, there is an upsurge in the adoption of cloud and mobile printing. In 2009, sales of smartphones exploded. Smartphone shipments beat shipments of personal computers (PCs) for the first time ever in 2011. The feature that is requested the most in smartphones such as iPhones and iPads is the print feature. In addition to smartphones, e-readers such as Kindle, Sony, and iRex and netbooks and tablets with incorporated print features have led to an upsurge in mobile printing.'' According to the report, one of the major drivers is the increased focus on business processes and core competencies. With the increasing demand for improved returns from investors irrespective of the top-line growth, there is mounting pressure on organizations worldwide. Hence, firms are majorly focusing on restructuring various processes across verticals, and document outsourcing plays a major role in this. With the increasing adoption of document outsourcing services, firms are able to concentrate more on their core competencies and business processes.
For more information visit
CONTACT: Research and Markets, Laura Wood, Senior Manager.
email@example.com Fax from USA: 646-607-1907 Fax from rest of the world: +353-1-481-1716 Sector: Services (
cat_id=35&campaign_id=9j93zd) ((M2 Communications disclaims all liability for information provided within M2 PressWIRE. Data supplied by named party/parties. Further information on M2 PressWIRE can be obtained at
on the world wide web. Inquiries to firstname.lastname@example.com)).
(c) 2013 M2 COMMUNICATIONS
InfoTech Spotlight's Homepage
comments powered by Disqus.
blog comments powered by
infoTECH Headlines
Waze or MapQuest? When it Comes to the Internet, Traffic Routes Matter
Study: Mid-Tier Businesses Need Security Services
The Importance of Responsive Design for New Websites
What's the Appropriate Response After a Security Breach?
Four Must-Haves for Your CPQ Software Upgrade
Five IT Trends Sure to Impact Small Business in 2017
Why Businesses Must Co-opt Shadow IT
Closing the Paperless Billing Gap
Online Activism: DDoS and Cyberattacks as Peaceful Protests
Document Digitization in the Middle East: On the Road to Digital Transformation
Subscribe to InfoTECH Spotlight eNews
InfoTECH Spotlight eNews delivers the latest news impacting technology in the IT industry each week. Sign up to receive FREE breaking news today!
FREE eNewsletter
GENBAND Enables Carries to Take On Silicon Valley
Rich Tehrani
New Flowroute Customer Onboarding Platform Lubricates CSP Porting
Rich Tehrani
Konftel Goes BIG and small in Conferencing
Rich Tehrani
CounterPath Bria-X Delivers Cost-Effective UCaaS Solution
Rich Tehrani
Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise Rainbow Powers Digital Transformation
Rich Tehrani
Rich Tehrani speaks with Jim Lochry of ConnectLeader
Rich Tehrani speaks with Jim Lochry of ConnectLeader
XKL at TEX 2016
TMC's Rich Tehrani speaks with Colleen Gallagher of XKL at TEX 2016
Richard McFarland of Voice4Net at Real Time Web Solutions 2016
Richard McFarland of Voice4Net talks WebRTC at Real Time Web Solutions NYC 2016
Bent Rye of Temasys at Real Time Web Solutions 2016
Bent Rye of Temasys talks WebRTC at Real Time Web Solutions NYC 2016
infoTECH Whitepapers
SAP Enterprise Mobility: Bringing a Cohesive Approach to a Complex Market
What is Your Mobile Content Policy? A Checklist for Content Risk Mitigation
SANS Whitepaper: Mobile Content and Document Management Best Practices and Decision Checklist
A Snapshot into Cloud Storage Adoption
What is Information Tehnology
What is Information Technology?
The History of Information Technology
Today's Most Desired Information Technology Skills
Information Technology Careers
Ten Information Technology Companies of 2011
Powered by
Technology Marketing Corporation,
35 Nutmeg Drive Suite 340, Trumbull, Connecticut 06611 USA
Ph: 800-243-6002, 203-852-6800;
Fx: 203-853-2845
Contact us
Technology Marketing Corp. 1997-<%= curyear %> Copyright.
infoTECH Resources
Editor's Pick
infoTECH News
Software News
Hardware News
Security News
Networking News
What's Hot
Media Kit
infoTECH Communities
Call Recording
SIP Trunking
Unified Communications
infoTECH Channels
IP Phones
Power Protection
Software Licensing
Software Monetization
Virtual PBX
Workforce Management
Power Protection
Other Industries
IP Communications
Cable Spotlight
Satellite Spotlight
Smart Grid
Sports Techy
M2M Evolution


text:
Understanding Restorative Care Part 1: Introduction to Restorative Care
Overview:The goal of restorative care nursing is to promote greater functioning and independence for the resident, which in turn can restore their hope, dignity, and well-being. To achieve this, it is important to develop a Restorative Care Program that addresses the resident's individual needs. This program guides RNAs on developing a care plan using MDS 3.0 guidelines that structure the program into two categories: Technique, such as range of motion and splinting, and Training & Skills Practice, such as walking, eating, communication, and grooming.
The program also describes the responsibilities and skills required of the Restorative Nurse Aide, Program Coordinator, and Skilled Therapists. Each one plays a valuable role in providing optimal restorative care to the resident.
- List some of the basic goals of restorative care
- Describe the duties of a restorative care program coordinator
- Give examples of restorative care practices performed by an RNA
- Give examples of causes that may result in a loss or decline in functioning
- Give examples of residents who may qualify for restorative care
- Describe some of the main benefits of a restorative care program
Sale Price: $142.00 USD
Regular: $149.00 USD
Product ID: MED051
Media: DVD
Year: 2012
Duration: 18:05 minutes
Language: English
Tags: Basic Clinical Skills,
Regular: $149.00 USD
Product ID: MED051
Media: DVD
Year: 2012
Duration: 18:05 minutes
Language: English
Tags: Basic Clinical Skills,
Other Programs in this Series
Understanding Restorative Care Part 2: Getting a Resident Started
Overview:As every resident is different, it is essential to properly assess their needs and determine when and how they should get started on a Restorative Care Program that best fits them. Through several [...]
Released in 2012
Understanding Restorative Care Part 3: Restorative Care Practices
Overview: As the front-line caregiver, RNA's need to have a great level of understanding of what level of assistance the resident requires, and what they are capable of achieving on their own--and provide [...]
Released in 2012


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 25, 2001
|Filing date
|Aug 3, 2000
|Priority date
|Sep 10, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Dennis Fahey
|Original Assignee
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (9), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/964,601 filed Nov. 6, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,101,169.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/058,611 filed Sep. 10, 1997 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/062,391 filed Oct. 7, 1997.
This application is related to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 08/965,479, U.S. Pat. No. 6,178,176, U.S. Ser. No. 08/965,330, U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,619, U.S. Ser. No. 08/964,602, U.S. Pat. No. 6,092,214, U.S. Ser. No. 08/965,320, U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,814, U.S. Ser. No. 08/965,460 U.S. Pat. No. 6,108,312 and U.S. Ser. No. 08/965,323, U.S. Pat. No. 6,134,240 which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to methods and apparatuses for unambiguously determining the position of a Fast Ethernet repeater in a repeater stack. More specifically, the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for automatically determining the position of a repeater in a stack of repeaters. When repeaters are plugged into a stack using a stack bus cable, the relative positions of the repeaters may be reconfigured or changed. The present invention enables repeaters in the stick to determine their positions relative to each other, even when one or more of the repeaters are powered off. This information may be used in a number of ways. For example, the information may be used to create an hierarchy of repeaters for the purpose of determining which repeater is to perform some special stack function such as providing the management module for the stack. Also, the information may be used to present a more accurate display to a network manager that reflects all repeaters in the stack, even those that are powered off.
2. Description of the Related Art
The growth of local-area networks (LANs) has been driven by the introduction of Ethernet Technology as well as the availability of powerful, affordable personal computers and workstations. As a result, applications that once were possible only on mainframe computers are now running on LANs. Network speed and availability are critical requirements. However, existing applications and a new generation of multimedia, groupware, imaging, and database products can tax a network running at Ethernet's traditional speed of 10 megabytes per second (Mbps). Moreover, with more applications requiring faster LAN speeds for acceptable performance, network managers increasingly find that high-performance computation platforms and mission-critical applications can overwhelm a 10 Mbps network. Network managers therefore are increasingly implementing high-speed LAN technology.
Fast Ethernet
For organizations with existing Ethernet installations, increasing the network speed to 100 Mbps is preferable to investing in a completely new LAN technology. This user preference has driven the industry's decision to specify a higher-speed Ethernet that operates at 100 Mbps. This higher-speed Ethernet is known as Fast Ethernet.
In July 1993, a group of networking companies joined to form the least Ethernet Alliance. The charter of the group was to draft the 802.3 u 100BaseT specification ("802.3 specification") of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and to accelerate market acceptance of Fast Ethernet technology. The final IEEE 802.3 specification was approved in June 1995. Among the other goals of the Fast Ethernet Alliance are: to maintain the Ethernet transmission protocol Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection (CSMA/CD); to Support popular cabling schemes; and to ensure that Fast Ethernet technology will not require changes to the upper-layer protocols and software that run on LAN workstations. For example, no changes are necessary to Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) management software or Management Information Bases (MIBs) in order to implement East Ethernet.
Other high-speed technologies, such as 100 VG-AnyLAN and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), achieve data rates in excess of 100 Mbps by implementing different protocols that require translation when data moves to and from 10BaseT. Protocol translation requires changing the frame, which often incurs higher latencies when passing through layer 2 (data-link layer) LAN switches.
In many cases, organizations can upgrade to 100BaseT technology without replacing existing wiring. Options for 100BaseT media are the same as those for 10BaseT. They include shielded and unshielded twisted pair (STP and UTP) and fiber. The Media Independent Interface (MII) provides a single interface that can support external transceivers for any of the 100BaseT physical sublayers.
Carrier sense-collision detection is widely used in LANs. Many vendors use this technique with Ethernet and the IEEE 802.3 specification. A carrier sense LAN considers all stations as peers, the stations contend for the use of the channel on an equal basis. Before transmitting, the stations monitor the channel to determine if the channel is active (that is, if another station is sending data on the channel). If the channel is idle, any station with data to transmit can send its traffic onto the channel. If the channel is occupied, the stations must defer to the station using the channel.
FIG. 1 depicts a carrier sense-collision detection LAN. Network devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 are attached to a network bus 110. Only one network device at a time is allowed to broadcast over the bus, since if more than one device were to broadcast at the same time, the combination of signals on the bus would likely not be intelligible. For example, assume network devices 102 and 104 want to transmit traffic. Network device 108, however, is currently using the channel, so network devices 102 and 104 must "listen" and defer to the signal from network device 108 which is occupying the bus. When the bus goes idle, network devices 102 and 104 can then attempt to acquire the bus to broadcast their messages.
Because network device 102's transmission requires time to propagate to other network devices, these other network devices might be unaware that network device 102's signal is on the channel. In this situation, network another device, such as device 104 or device 106, transmit its traffic even if network device 102 had already seized the channel alter detecting that the channel was idle. This problem is called the collision window. The collision window is a factor of the propagation delay of the signal and the distance between two competing stations. Propagation delay is the delay that occurs before a network device can detect that another network device is transmitting.
Each network device is capable of transmitting and listening to the channel simultaneously. When two network device signals collide, they create voltage irregularities on the channel, which are sensed by the colliding network devices. The network devices then turn off their transmission and, through an individually randomized wait period, attempt to seize the channel again. Randomized waiting decreases the chances of another collision because it is unlikely that the competing network devices generate the same wait time.
It is important that the total propagation delay not exceed the amount of time that is required to send the smallest size data frame. This allows devices to discard data corrupted by collisions by simply discarding all partial frames. It is therefore not desirable for entire frames of data to be sent before a collision is detected. Carrier sense networks are usually implemented on short-distance LANs because the collision window lengthens as the channel gets longer. Longer channels provide opportunity for the more collisions and can reduce through-put in the network. Generally, a long propagation delay coupled with short frames and high data transfer rates give rise to a greater incidence of collisions. Longer frames can mitigate the effect of long delay, but they reduce the opportunity for competing stations to acquire the channel.
The IEEE 802.3 specification sets a standard minimum frame size of 64 bytes (512 bits). Therefore, it order for a network to comply with the standard, a station on the network must not be able to transmit 64 bytes of data before a collision is detected.
Although Fast Ethernet maintains CSMA/CD, the Ethernet transmission protocol, it reduces the transmission time for each bit by a factor of 10. Thus, the Fast Ethernet packet speed increases tenfold, from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps. Date can move between Ethernet and Fast Ethernet without requiring protocol translation or software changes, because Fast Ethernet maintains the 10BaseT error control functions as well as the frame format and length.
While some Ethernet applications connect numerous network devices to a network bus that is literally a cable connecting the network devices, it is often more desirable to connect network devices using a repeater or hub. It should be noted that in the following description the term "hub" and the term "repeater" are used interchangeably. The repeater manages collision detection for the network devices so that the network devices need only broadcast messages without detecting collisions. The repeater notifies a network device when a collision occurs during its attempt to transmit. In addition, the repeater implements a star topology so that more devices can be included on the network without violating any cable length restriction and so that many devices can be added or removed from the network efficiently.
An Ethernet repeater is a device that serves as a central station for plugging network devices included in an Ethernet network, hence the term "hub." The Ethernet repeater receives messages from the network devices that are plugged into it and broadcasts (or "repeats") the message to all of the other devices on the network along a network bus if no collision is detected. The repeater monitors network traffic in its collision domain and assumes the responsibility for collision detection. The network devices thus simply broadcast messages to the repeater and do not need to first listen before sending messages. If the repeater has already assigned the network bus to a device, then it notifies the device that tried to broadcast that a collision has occurred so that the network device may try again later. The amount of time that it takes for the repeater to receive a data signal and repeat that data signal out to every port on which the data signal is to be broadcast is referred to as the latency of the repeater.
The 802.3 specification contains maximum latency requirements that cannot be exceeded by a conforming repeater. The maximum permissible latency, combined with the requirements for maximum cable length and restrictions on the number and type of other devices allowed within a collision domain, limits the amount of time that it takes to notify a network device that a collision has occurred, ensuring that the overall 802.3 design criteria is met that all collisions are detected before a complete 64 byte frame is transmitted. If the maximum permissible latency were exceeded by a repeater, then multiple devices in the repeater's collision domain on an 802.3 ethernet network might broadcast complete frames of data before being notified of a collision. As described above, the broadcast of complete frames when a collision occurs would defeat a scheme for discarding data associated with collisions by simply discarding all partial frames.
Thus, minimizing the latency of a repeater is critical if the repeater is to be implemented on a network in accordance with the 802.3 specification. The 100BaseT standard defines two classes of repeaters: Class I and Class II. At most, a collision domain can include one Class I or two Class II repeaters. Including more than one repeater in a single collision domain is sometimes referred to as cascading repeaters. Specifically, in order to conform to the Class II requirement, the latency a repeater must be less than 46 bit times. It should be noted that the standard is expressed in terms of bit times, or the amount of data that could be transmitted on the network during the latency period.
Network Flexibility
The Class II requirement, which allows more than one repeater to be included in a single collision domain, significantly adds flexibility to network topology. Expanding the number of ports available on a network may be accomplished by simply adding a second repeater in the same collision domain as a single existing repeater. No switch is required. By limiting the latency of the two repeaters, it is ensured that collisions can be detected and devices connected to different repeaters can be notified of collisions in time to stop sending data before a complete frame is broadcast.
Because networks tend to constantly change and expand with network devices being added, it would be highly advantageous if, in addition to the Class II feature of allowing two repeaters in a collision domain, it were also possible that each of the two Class II repeaters were expandable or stackable. Additional ports could be added to a first repeater stack that functions as one Class II repeater and then a second stack could be included as a second Class II repeater. Thus, stackability combined with cascadability would provide even greater flexibility for network expansion.
In such a network with stackable and cascadable repeaters, the topology of the network may become confusing. It is important in such a changing network to provide network management tools to aid in visualizing and managing the network. It would be useful if, to that end, a method could be provided for determining how many repeaters are in the stack and which repeater is in which position. In particular, it would be useful if all the repeaters in the stack could be detected and their positions in the stack determined regardless of whether or not some of the repeaters in the stack were powered off.
Prior art methods have started a binary number at the beginning of the stack and have provided a counter at each repeater that increments the number of repeaters. The problem with this approach is that it breaks down when a repeater is turned off and could also give spurious results if repeaters are plugged or unplugged while powered on. In some prior art system, when a repeater is powered off or goes down, that repeater is removed from the network management display, even though it is still present physically. This can cause confusion. What is needed is a reliable way of determining the number and order of repeaters in a stack.
Accordingly, the present invention enables repeaters in the stack to determine their relative position to each other, even when one or more of the repeaters are powered off. A wiring rotation that includes four wires inside a stack bus cable that connects each of the repeaters in the repeater stack is provided that spins an address bit as the stack bus cable extends from repeater to repeater along the stack.
It should be appreciated that the present invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process, an apparatus, a system, a device a method or a computer readable medium. Several inventive embodiments of the present invention are described below.
In one embodiment, a stack position determination circuit in a stackable repeater includes an input connector, an output connector, an initial pin driving circuit, and a pin rotating circuit. The input connector includes a plurality of input connector repeater stack position pins arranged in an hierarchical order so that each input connector repeater stack position pin corresponds to a possible physical position of the repeater in a stack of repeaters. An output connector includes a plurality of output connector repeater stack position pins arranged in an hierarchical order so that each output connector repeater stack position pin corresponds to a possible position of the repeater in a stack of repeaters. An initial pin driving circuit is connected to an initial pin in the input connector repeater stack position pin hierarchical order. The initial pin corresponds to a first position in the stack of repeaters and the initial pin driving circuit is responsive to an initial repeater signal. The initial repeater signal has a state that is indicative of whether the repeater is physically connected in the first position in the stack of repeaters. The pin rotating circuit is connected between the input connector and the output connector. The pin rotating circuit connects each of the plurality of input connector repeater stack position pins to a pin selected from the plurality of output connector repeater stack position pins such that the position of the selected output connector repeater pin is one position lower in the output repeater stack position pin hierarchical order than the corresponding position in the input repeater stack position pin hierarchical order of the input repeater stack position pin that is connected to the selected output repeater stack position pin. Thus, the initial pin driving circuit drives the initial pin in response to the initial repeater signal and the signal on each input connector repeater stack position pin is rotated to one position lower in the output connector position pin hierarchical order.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be presented in more detail in the following specification of the invention and the accompanying figures which illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention.
The present invention will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a carrier sense-collision detection LAN.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a repeater stack.
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating four repeater stack position pins.
FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating how the order of four repeater stack position pins is spun between an output connection socket of a repeater and an input connection socket of a repeater.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating how the first pin is driven high for the top repeater in the stack bus using the top signal.
FIG. 5 illustrates a repeater stack display that may be created based on information received about the position of each repeater in a repeater stack.
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiment of the invention. An example of the preferred embodiment is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with that preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to one preferred embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process operations have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
In one embodiment, a group of stacked Fast Ethernet repeaters are connected together with cables. This arrangement is particularly desirable because different repeaters can be plugged, unplugged, or exchanged by simply plugging and unplugging the cables. In contrast, an arrangement where repeaters plug directly into one another offers less convenience and flexibility. When stacked repeater units are reconfigured by changing the order in which the cables are plugged, repeaters on the end of the repeater stack synchronous bus may be moved to the middle of the bus or vice versa. Certain repeaters in the stack also may be powered on or off. A system administrator or network management software may desire or need to know the reconfigured topology of the network. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for unambiguously determining the network topology.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a repeater stack 200. Repeater stack 200 includes a bottom repeater 202, two middle repeaters 204 and 206, and a top repeater 208. Each of the repeaters in the repeater stack are connected to each other via a repeater stack bus that includes a stack bus connection cable 212 connected between repeater 202 and 204, a stack bus connection cable 214 connected between repeater 204 and 206, and a stack bus connection cable 216 connected between repeater 206 and 208. Each of the repeaters includes an input connector and an output connector. The output connector of each repeater in the stack is connected via the stack bus connection cable to the input connector of the repeater above it in the stack. It should be noted that in some embodiments the order of the repeater connectors may be changed. In fact, it is an important advantage of this arrangement that the stack can be reconfigured and the repeaters reordered by simply plugging and unplugging the repeater bus cable.
At the bottom of the repeater stack, repeater 202 has no repeater bus cable connected to its input connector. Likewise, the output connector of repeater 208 at the top of the repeater stack is not connected.
A method of determining which repeaters are located on the ends, that is, the top and bottom of a repeater stack is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/965,330 which was previously incorporated by reference for all purposes. A top signal that is high is generated in the top repeater in the stack, which, in the embodiment described herein, is arbitrarily considered to be the first repeater in the repeater stack. For all repeaters in the stack except the top repeater, the top signal is low. The top signal is used to designate the first repeater on a set of repeater stack position pins as is described below. It should be noted that a bottom signal is also generated for the bottom repeater in that stack and that in other embodiments, the bottom signal is used to designate the first repeater on a set of repeater stack position pins.
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating four repeater stack position pins including a first position pin 301, a second position pin 302, a third position pin 303, and a fourth position pin 304. Each position pin represents a position in the repeater stack. As is described below, the pins are spun or rotated inside the repeater between the repeater input connector and the repeater output connector. Although in the embodiment described herein, the spin of the pins will be described as occurring inside each of the repeaters between the input connector and the output connector of the repeater, it should be recognized that the pins could also be spun by rotating the wires inside a stack bus connection cable that connects the output connector of one repeater to the input connector of another repeater. Spinning the pins inside the repeaters is preferred because it is generally less expensive to switch pins using circuitry on a printed circuit board than it is to change the wiring in the stack bus cable.
FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating how the order of four repeater stack position pins is spun between an input connection socket 310 of a repeater and an output connection socket 320 of a repeater. In the embodiment shown, the position of the pins is each advanced by one position between the input connector and the output connector. That is, the signal on the first pin of the input connector is routed to the second pin of the output connector; the signal on the second pin of the input connector is routed to the third pin of the output connector; the signal on the third pin of the input connector is routed to the fourth pin of the output connector; and the signal on the fourth pin of the input connector is routed to the first pin of the output connector. Thus, whatever signal is on the input connector is shifted by one pin or bit. In different embodiments, the pins may be spun according to different schemes. When the above described scheme is used and when the first pin is caused to be high as is described below, then the position of each repeater in the stack may be read by looking at which of the repeater stack position pins is high at the input connection socket of the repeater. In the embodiment shown, the high signal moves from the first pin of the top repeater to the second pin of the second repeater to the third pin of the third repeater to the fourth pin of the fourth repeater. Thus, the pin number of the high pin corresponds to the position of the repeater in the stack, numbered from the top.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating how the first pin is driven high for the top repeater in the stack bus using the top signal. In each repeater an initial pin driving circuit 400 is implemented. A 5V potential is preferably provided from the stack bus connection cable. In one embodiment the termination power pin is used as is described in U.S. patent applications Ser. Nos. 08/965,330 and 08/965,320 which were previously incorporated by reference for all purposes. The advantage of using the termination power pin is that power is available so long as one of the repeaters on the stack is powered on. On each repeater, a first repeater stack position pin is softly pulled down to ground via a pull down resistor 404. The first repeater stack position pin is also connected to the 5V potential through an MOS switch 406. When the top signal is high, then MOS switch 406 is closed and the first repeater stack position pin is pulled high. When the top signal is low, the first repeater stack position pin stays low. Thus, the first repeater stack position pin is pulled high for the top repeater in the repeater stack.
As pointed out above, the position of each repeater in the stack may be determined by which of the repeater stack position pins is high at the input connection socket of the repeater. In other embodiments, the repeater stack position may be determined by which of the repeater stack position pins is high at the output connection socket of the repeater.
In one embodiment, the position of each repeater in the stack is reported to a network management module either directly over the stack bus cable or via a network management module bus connecting network management modules. A display is then generated indicating the positions of repeaters in the stack and, preferably the status of each repeater. FIG. 5 illustrates a repeater stack display that may be created based on information received about the position of each repeater in a repeater stack. A bottom repeater 502 is graphically depicted next to a message indicating that the repeater is on. Alternatively, bottom repeater may be lit up to show that it is on and dimmed to indicate that it is off or flashing to indicate that a problem has occurred. A second repeater 504 in the stack is graphically depicted next to a message indicating that the repeater is off. The depiction of a repeater that is off is specifically made possible by the wiring scheme disclosed above. Finally, a third repeater is graphically depicted on top of the stack next to a message indicating that it is on. A no repeater message 508 indicates that there is not a fourth repeater in the stack.
In one embodiment, the position of each repeater in the stack is also used to determine the place in a network management module hierarchy of a network management module plugged into a repeater for the purpose of selecting primary and backup network management modules as is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/964,602 which was previously incorporated by reference for all purposes.
A wiring rotation scheme has been disclosed for unambiguously determining the topology of an unpowered repeater stack configuration.
Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims. It should be noted that there are may alternative ways of implementing both the process and apparatus of the present invention. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 22, 1992
|Feb 7, 1995
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Backplane wiring for hub in packet data communications system
|Jan 30, 1995
|Nov 12, 1996
|Level One Communications, Inc.
|Inter-repeater backplane
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jun 3, 1997
|3Com Corporation
|Backplane architecture for stackable ethernet repeater
|Dec 21, 1995
|Sep 8, 1998
|3 Com Corporation
|Method for in-band communication of management information in a backplane architecture of a stackable ethernet repeater
|Jun 3, 1997
|Oct 13, 1998
|Asante Technologies, Inc.
|Network hub interconnection circuitry having power reset feature
|Nov 6, 1997
|Aug 8, 2000
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for unambiguous topological determinancy in an unpowered stack configuration
|International Standard ISO/IEC 8802-3: 1996(E) ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3, 1996 Edition; Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/DC) access method and physical layer specifications; Section 9, Repeater unit for 10 Mb/s baseband networks, pp. 125-155.
|Network Systems Tutorial for IEEE Std 802.3, Repeater Functions and System Design Topology Considerations for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Local Area Networks (LANs); Section 4, Repeater Functions, pp. 7-14 (1995).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 19, 2002
|Jul 6, 2004
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Repeater methods for constrained pitch wire buses on integrated circuits
|Jul 16, 2010
|Apr 9, 2013
|Apple Inc.
|Synchronous bus driving with repeaters
|Jun 19, 2002
|Dec 25, 2003
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Repeater methods for constrained pitch wire buses on integrated circuits
|May 7, 2007
|Nov 13, 2008
|Yingda Dong
|Boosting for non-volatile storage using channel isolation switching
|Mar 12, 2003
|Apr 11, 2007
|System and method for automatically arranged stackable network device
|Apr 29, 2006
|Sep 17, 2008
|Internal physical device configuration managing method and system for router
|Feb 9, 2005
|Dec 27, 2006
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Distributing an electronic signal in a stackable device
|Feb 9, 2005
|Feb 27, 2008
|Cisco Tech Inc
|Distributing an electronic signal in a stackable device
|Feb 9, 2005
|Oct 6, 2005
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Distributing an electronic signal in a stackable device
|U.S. Classification
|370/246, 370/501
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 25, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 24, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 18, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
- Artist: Ethnos
- Release Date: 10/07/2014
Best Buy is dedicated to always offering the best value to our customers. We will match the price, at the time of purchase, on a Price Match Guarantee product if you find the same item at a lower price at a Designated Major Online Retailer or at a local retail competitor's store.Here's how:
- If you find a qualifying lower price online, call 1-888-BEST BUY and direct a customer service agent to the web site with the lower price, or when visiting a Best Buy store, one of our employees will assist you.
- On qualifying products, Best Buy will then verify the current price to complete the price match.
Exclusions apply including, but not limited to, Competitors' service prices, special daily or hourly sales, and items for sale Thanksgiving Day through the Monday after Thanksgiving. See the list of Designated Major Online Retailers and full details.
- Polcabasilisca
- Crevu
- Antidotum
- Rusariu
- Polca a Matrimonio
- Vola E Mena
- Lucanae
- Madonna del Sacro Monte
- Musa Mediterranea
- Cirasieddu
- Sona Si Vuoi Sunà
- O Bannu
- Fiore Ri Lu Fiori
- Sciucam
- Tarantella All'aviglianese
- Devozionale


text:
Kreutz getting ready before a game in 2008.
|No. 57, 50
|Personal information
|Date of birth:
|June 9, 1977
|Place of birth:
|Honolulu, Hawaii
|6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
|292 lb (132 kg)
|Career information
|High school:
|Honolulu (HI) Saint Louis
|NFL Draft:
|1998 / Round: 3 / Pick: 64
|Career history
|Career highlights and awards
|Career NFL statistics
|Player stats at PFR
Olin George Kreutz (/ˈkruːts/; born June 9, 1977) is a former American college and professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL) for fourteen seasons. He played college football for University of Washington, and earned consensus All-American honors. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the third round of the 1998 NFL Draft and played professionally for the Bears and New Orleans Saints of the NFL.
Kreutz was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.[1] He is the youngest of four sons born to Henry Kreutz, Jr., of ʻAina Haina. He attended football powerhouse Saint Louis School in Honolulu, where he lettered in high school football, and was teammates with Dominic Raiola, who was two years behind him,[2] and Chris Fuamatu-Maʻafala.
Kreutz also excelled in wrestling and track and field. He received All-State and SuperPrep All-America honors while serving as football team captain during his senior year, and would additionally go on to win the Hawaii state wrestling heavyweight championship.
Kreutz attended the University of Washington, where he played for the Washington Huskies football team under coach Jim Lambright. Olin was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American and earned Pac-10 honors during his junior year, after which he elected to turn pro.
According to Sports Illustrated, Kreutz was the No. 1 center available in the 1998 NFL Draft.[3] He was described as "a good technician" who "has all the physical tools to be a solid NFL player" while being able to "handle really big NT and DT."[4] The Chicago Bears drafted Kreutz in the third round, 64th overall. He was the highest selected Washington interior lineman since Ed Cunningham in 1992. It was also the second consecutive year in which the Bears selected an offensive lineman from Washington, after Bob Sapp in 1997.
Over his twelve-year career, Kreutz has been selected to six Pro Bowls, and was one of the team's most consistent offensive linemen. He started 182 regular-season games for the Bears, second only to Walter Payton.[5]
In an incident eerily reminiscent of his college days, Kreutz drew controversy during the 2005 NFL season after breaking the jaw of fellow offensive lineman Fred Miller during an off-practice outing. The NFL fined both players $50,000. On October 2006, Kreutz was signed to a three-year contract extension through the 2010 season. In 2007, Kreutz was appointed as one of the team's captains.
In 2011, Kreutz chose to end his career with the Chicago Bears after turning down an offer of $4 million for one year. Kreutz was the longest tenured Bears members at the time he left the organization.[6]
On August 5, 2011, Kreutz signed with the New Orleans Saints for a one-year $2 million contract with an additional $2 million in incentives. Kreutz played in four of the Saints' first six games, missing the other two with a knee injury. He then decided to quit the team, saying that he had lost his "passion" for the game;[7] the Saints were reportedly planning to move him to the "left team" list.[8] He was waived after leaving the squad on October 22.
On August 19, 2015, Kruetz signed on to be in the WSCR 670 the Score Bears post game show along with James Williams and Hub Arkush replacing the recently deceased Doug Buffone.
Kreutz is married to his high school sweetheart, Wendi; they have four children, and reside in Lake Forest, Illinois, but also have a winter home in Kalama Valley, Hawaii.[9]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Olin Kreutz.


text:
Obsessed with technology?
Subscribe to the latest tech news as well as exciting promotions from us and our partners!
By subscribing, you indicate that you have read & understood the SPH's Privacy Policy and PDPA Statement.
The Gigabyte Sumo Alpha includes features like a dust filter at the bottom of the case, steel mesh side panel, blue LED back light, and multimedia I/O ports located at the top for easy access.
|Casing Dimensions and Specifications
|Drive Bays and Expansion Slots / Ports
|Case Cooling
Get up to $80 cashback and $498 worth of free gifts!
Learn how ASUS' latest smart home devices can make your life easier
Buy HP Printers at amazing prices. Limited offer valid until Apr.30!


text:
How can I post any Gust Blog site. Most of the Gust Blog site I don't see this publishes system. So How can I Publish My article in Gust Blog site.
This list gonna help you
I have a brand new blog and now am looking to drive traffic to it a few people told that i should do gust blogging first because it work great i...
Separate names with a comma.


text:
Advocare vs Life Alert
Start a new comparison
AdvocareHealth and Beauty
Customers like
- Spark 9
- Energy 8
- Felt full 7
- Spark favors 7
- Weight loss 6
Customers don't like
- Cost8
- Side effects8
- Consistancy of fiber drink5
- High cost4
- Physical damage4
Products by Advocare
Life AlertHealth and Beauty
Has verified representatives
Customers like
- Onboarding process 2
- Ability to get help 24 hours 1
- Service 1
- Feeling of never being alone 1
Customers don't like
- Rude customer service5
- Contract cancellation requirements5
- Customer service3
- Service3
- Marketing tactics3
Products by Life Alert
A company's rating is calculated using a mathematical algorithm that evaluates the information in its profile. The algorithm parameters are: users' rating, number of resolved issues, number of company's responses etc. The algorithm is subject to change in future.
Great Comment! Would You Like to Convert It Into Review?You will be able to edit the text before publishing.
Terms of Service
Be first to start a discussion.
See also:
Companies are selected automatically by the algorithm.


text:
Immigration Law
Immigration Law Questions? Ask an Immigration Lawyer.
Hello! My name is***** and I am a licensed attorney with more than 13 years of experience. I am here to assist you with your questions. Please understand that if I ask you for additional information, you are NOT charged again and our communications are NOT timed. So please see this as a relaxed conversation between friends. I am here to help.
Absolutely! Not only to keep you out of trouble, but to keep someone like that from using you for an immigration benefit. There are few things that upset me more than this type of situation. Do NOT let her get away with that. Have you separated already? Living in different locations?
I do not know why you are not responding, but you are not charged per question, per response, nor per answer. So after I give you my answer, you can continue to ask me questions without additional charge until you are satisfied. I apologize if it is a site issue that you posted and the post did not go through.
I would fight it. I would also cut any direct contact with her, no meetings in private, only public places, etc. What you want to avoid is her being able to make up some story of you abusing her to try to use that to perhaps get a U visa so that she can stay. And of course, it would also affect you being able to get a green card if you are convicted of domestic violence. It is a deportable offense. So try to avoid contact with her and get that divorce done and fight against any allegations of abuse.
My goal is to provide you with excellent service – if you feel you have received anything less, please reply back as I am happy to address follow-up questions and there is no additional charge. Also, should you need to chat on the phone, private email or need help reviewing documentation, I am happy to do so for a small additional cost. Let me know if you are interested in these – I am happy to give you more details! When we are done, if you would be so kind as to leave a positive rating for my service, I would sincerely ***** ***** You can do that by clicking on the 3rd, 4th or 5th stars if you see them, or the smiley faces if you see them. You can even ask additional questions without additional charge even after leaving a positive rating. Thank you for your understanding.
Hello. I'm just following up with you to see how everything is going. Did my answer help? Please let me know. Thank you!


text:
Hooded Down & Feather Fill Coat with Faux Fur Trim - Black - Size: M
A clever deal seeker from IL snagged this deal before you could.
Search our site to find another great deal. But hurry! With our low prices, we sell out fast!
Please note: BLINQ sells products in multiple conditions (new, open box, refurbished, etc). Not all reviews are reflective of the condition that you may purchase.
No reviews found
- Size (Women's)
- Medium
- Color
- Black
- Style
- Puffer Coat
- Size Type
- Regular
- Features
- Quilted down coat
- Off-center zip closure
- Oversize faux fur collar
- Smocking at sides
- Sleeves
- Zip pockets
- Color: Black
- Size: Medium
- Description
- Quilted down coat with off-center zip closure, oversize faux fur collar, smocking at sides and sleeves, and zip pockets.
- 763656245033
- Brand
- Via Spiga
- Model
- Part
May We Also Suggest
How BLINQ Works
- Retailer needs to move overstock, open box & refurbished inventory.
- BLINQ receives inventory and professionally inspects each item.
- Condition is determined, with only the best items passing inspection.
- Item is heavily discounted on BLINQ.com to sell quickly.


text:
YP - The Real Yellow PagesSM - helps you find the right local businesses to meet your specific needs. Search results are sorted by a combination of factors to give you a set of choices in response to your search criteria. These factors are similar to those you might use to determine which business to select from a local Yellow Pages directory, including proximity to where you are searching, expertise in the specific services or products you need, and comprehensive business information to help evaluate a business's suitability for you. "Preferred" listings, or those with featured website buttons, indicate YP advertisers who directly provide information about their businesses to help consumers make more informed buying decisions. YP advertisers receive higher placement in the default ordering of search results and may appear in sponsored listings on the top, side, or bottom of the search results page.
Public Garbage Dump in Fresno, CA
Waste Management
Serving the Fresno area. More Info
1.Waste Management of Fresno
4333 E Jefferson Ave
7.24 mi
Garbage CollectionRecycling CentersLandfillsDumps
Waste Management provides residential, commercial and industrial trash collection, as well as recycling and dumpster services. We support a number of local community organizations with employee volunteerism and event participation. Waste Management is dedicated to serving customers and communities as a safe and comprehensive service provider, a good corporate citizen and a responsive environmental steward.
2.Fresno County Of
2220 Tulare St
1.19 mi
Garbage CollectionContractors Equipment & SuppliesGarbage & Rubbish Removal Contractors EquipmentRecycling Centers
You have the incorrect address and phone number. Address for the Fresno County Clerk Registrar of Voters - 2221 Kern Street, Fresno. Phone - (559) 600-8683
3.Pj's Roll Off & Recycling Services
1455 Van Ness Ave
1.38 mi
Garbage CollectionRubbish & Garbage Removal & ContainersRecycling CentersTrash Hauling
***** 5 STAR NO LESS! Prompt and courteous service :) Excellent rates! Thank you very much for going the extra mile for our family! We would definitely use your service again, and recommend your business to anyone.
4.Mid Valley Disposal
Po Box 12385
1.93 mi
Contractors Equipment & SuppliesGarbage CollectionRecycling CentersGarbage & Rubbish Removal Contractors Equipment
5.Fred's Hauling
3652 N Marks Ave
5.04 mi
Garbage CollectionGarbage & Rubbish Removal Contractors EquipmentContractors Equipment & SuppliesHome Repair & Maintenance
6.Red Bin Services
470 E Herndon Ave
6.25 mi
Garbage CollectionTrash Containers & DumpstersRubbish RemovalTrash Hauling
Roll Off Bins, Bobcat Work, Property Clean-Ups, Deliver Mulch or Ground Cover, Cement Removal, Stump Grinding
7.West Coast Waste
3077 S Golden State Frontage Rd
4.17 mi
Garbage CollectionGarbage & Rubbish Removal Contractors EquipmentRecycling CentersRubbish & Garbage Removal & Containers
8.TSG Recycling Disposal
2910 S Cherry Ave
3.65 mi
Garbage CollectionRecycling CentersGarbage & Rubbish Removal Contractors EquipmentContractors Equipment & Supplies
9.City of Fresno
1325 E El Dorado St
2.30 mi
Garbage CollectionGovernment OfficesRecycling CentersCity, Village & Township Government
10.City Town Village Township Government Solid Waste Garbage Municipal Service Center
1325 E El Dorado St
2.30 mi
Garbage Collection
11.Industrial Waste & Salvage
3280 S Orange Ave
4.24 mi
Garbage CollectionWaste Recycling & Disposal Service & EquipmentSurplus & Salvage MerchandiseUtility Companies
12.IWS - Industrial Waste & Salvage
3457 S Cedar Ave
4.33 mi
Garbage CollectionRecycling CentersRubbish RemovalWaste Recycling & Disposal Service & Equipment
IWS, a Caglia Environmental company, is your specialist for management of solid waste, recycling & green waste. Our companies, including Industrial Waste & Salvage (IWS) for collection, Cedar Avenue Recycling & Transfer Station (CARTS a Recycling & Materials Recovery Facility), Caglia Demolition & Recycling (CDR), and Redrock Environmental Group (serving areas of Madera County for waste collection & recycling) are your trained professionals for sustainable waste collection and recyclables processing in the central San Joaquin Valley of California.
13.Fnf Roll Off Svc
3177 S Elm Ave
4.59 mi
Garbage Collection
14.Mid Valley Disposal
3444 W Whites Bridge Ave
4.70 mi
Garbage Collection
15.Priority Trash Removal
3350 W Sussex Way Ste 101
5.43 mi
Garbage Collection
16.Republic Services
4135 W Swift Ave
6.17 mi
Garbage Collection
17.Just Junk It
8551 N Whitney Ave
7.96 mi
Garbage Collection
18.Allied Waste
5501 N Golden State Blvd
8.02 mi
Garbage CollectionWaste Recycling & Disposal Service & Equipment
19.J & Sons Recycling
Recycling CentersGarbage Collection
J and sons company helped me clean out my garage by taking all recyclable items such as tv's computers plus all types of electronics at no cost. Plus they removed all my non-recyclables items such as trash for an affordable price. I sincerely recommend J and sons for your Clean up needs.
20.Bairos Recycling Inc
2788 S Orange Ave
3.31 mi
Recycling CentersFarm EquipmentRecords Management Consulting & ServiceGarbage Collection
3428 E Clinton Ave
1.70 mi
Hazardous Material Control & RemovalGarbage CollectionRecycling CentersIndustrial Cleaning
22.A D J Rolloff Dumpster Service
4930 E Yale Ave
2.82 mi
Trash Containers & DumpstersRubbish & Garbage Removal & Containers
23.Sunset Waste Paper Inc
2721 S Elm Ave
3.29 mi
Trash Containers & DumpstersGarbage & Rubbish Removal Contractors EquipmentRubbish & Garbage Removal & Containers
24.Mid Valley Disposal
2721 S Elm Ave
3.29 mi
Trash Containers & DumpstersGarbage & Rubbish Removal Contractors EquipmentRubbish & Garbage Removal & Containers
25.Ad & J Roll Off Dumpster Services
2543 S Willow Ave
3.70 mi
Rubbish RemovalGarbage Collection
A D & J Roll Off Dumpster Services was founded in 2003, and our staff has served commercial and industrial customers throughout the Valley for over 15 years. For your reassurance, A D & J Roll Off Dumpster Services is insured and licensed. Call us today for a great price and immediate delivery!
3280 S Orange Ave
4.24 mi
Recycling CentersGarbage CollectionRubbish & Garbage Removal & Containers
27.Bruno's Iron & Metal
3211 S Golden State Blvd
4.33 mi
Scrap MetalsRecycling CentersAluminumScrap Metals-Wholesale
Bruno's Iron and Metal, founded in the 1950s, is a recycling facility in Fresno, Calif. The company s on-site equipment includes harris shear, mobile shear, high-speed balers, mosely sheet metal baler, cranes, grapple cranes and metal briquetter. The company has six separate weighing scales including two 70-foot truck scale and various other material handling equipment. It offers loading and unloading of rail cars, trucks and automobiles. The company has more than 100 roll-off container bins on-site and provides ongoing bin rotation services, clean-up services and auto-body smashing services. Bruno's is also a licensed and certified processor for the Department of Conservation, Calif.
28.Cedar Avenue Recycling & Transfer Station
3457 S Cedar Ave
4.33 mi
Recycling Equipment & ServicesRecycling CentersGarbage CollectionScrap Metals
Waste, recycling, and green waste disposal and recycling. Dump e-waste (television and computer monitors, etc.) for free.
29.Junk A Side
5676 E Burns Ave
4.92 mi
Trash HaulingGarbage CollectionTrash Containers & DumpstersRubbish Removal
Junk-A-Side is a locally owned and operated company that specializes in hauling services for farming equipment as well as removal of unwanted: Vehicles with titles, washers, dryers, stoves, misc equipment, refrigerators, freezers, copper, aluminum, and steel We also provide free estimates on dump runs. Call now for a free estimate!
30.Kroeker Inc
4627 S Chestnut Ave
5.94 mi
Rubbish & Garbage Removal & ContainersGarbage CollectionRecycling CentersDemolition Contractors
Kroeker is a family-owned company, established in 1975, providing major and selective demolition, debris hauling and recycling services to developers, general contractors, state, county and local government agencies and private individuals. It provides concrete cutting and core drilling to complete demolition and site clearing. The company s heavy demolition department offers destruction for industrial facilities, government agencies and residential customers. It also has a large fleet of excavators, skid steers, loaders, backhoes and demo trucks, and also has more than 300 debris boxes available in various sizes. Kroeker also provides extensive training on all types of environmental concerns and governmental regulations.It is located in Fresno, Calif.
Browse Top Categories
Temporary Error.
Please try reloading the page.


text:
A group of crows starting to gather at an old tree with a full moon in the sky. The caption below the tree reads "A murder in progress"
murder in progress murder of crows crows birds groups trees moons funny humor satire
Loading more work by pixelman...
10% off
for joining the Redbubble mailing list
Receive exclusive deals and awesome artist news and content right to your inbox.
Free for your convenience.


text:
Northdale, FL
Northdale is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. Northdale was named by the combination of the words in North Dale Mabry. North Dale Mabry Hwy is the main road through the Northdale area. The population was 22,079 at the 2010 census. Northdale is located at 28558N823131W / 28.09944N 82.52528W / 28.09944; -82.52528 (28.099431, -82.525370).[2]


text:
A bespoke event for lovers of fieldsports, the Field & Country Fair has been launched to get your summer season off to the perfect start, says Alexandra Henton
The inaugural Field & Country Fair this month has much to recommend it. After the CLA Game Fair blew the Last Post at Harewood House in 2015 there was an opportunity for those who were interested to shape their own country fair. The CLA, which was the backbone of the CLA Game Fair for more than 50 years, has no presence at any game fair this summer. Out of this situation grew the Field & Country Fair, organised by Time Inc. (UK) Ltd, publisher of The Field, Country Life, Shooting Times, Sporting Gun and Shooting Gazette. It is an opportunity to use the expertise of the magazines you love to read to create a bespoke country event to kick off your summer season.
For more information, read Field & Country Fair 10-12 June, Cornbury Park or visit the Field & Country Fair's website.
Held at Cornbury Park, Oxfordshire, on 10-12 June 2016, the Field & Country Fair is a country show at which you can learn, laugh, shop and eat well. Bring your dog, bring the smalls and bring your friends for a fieldsports festival without the flounce. Here is what you will find at the Field & Country Fair this June.
What's your game? Partridge or pigeon, goose or grouse? Whatever quarry comes top of your list, head to Gunmakers' Quarter to meet the experts. You'll find stands dedicated to game-shooting, pigeon-shooting and wildfowling, manned by a range of experts from the industry who'll be ready to answer queries and offer insights into every aspect of game-shooting, from bird rearing to beating, how to get started or which gun to buy.
Artist Owen Williams will be on the woodcock research stand, answering questions on woodcock migration with the GWCT as well as showing some of his exquisite pictures. For those who want to browse or perhaps buy a shotgun, there will be a handpicked selection of the best the gunmaking world has to offer, including models from: GMK, the famous importers of Beretta shotguns and Sako and Tikka rifles; Francis Lovel & Co; Elderkin & Son; Boxall & Edmiston; Ladd's; Longthorne Gunmakers; and William & Son.
An area dedicated to gamekeepers, where they will be able to study best practice, peruse practical ideas and get first-hand advice. A deer-management stand is the go-to destination for anyone struggling with a cervine surplus, while membership organisations BASC, the GWCT and the Countryside Alliance will also be supporting the Field & Country Fair. The National Gamekeepers' Organisation (NGO) has chosen the Field & Country Fair as the only show it will attend this summer. This is a rare opportunity to meet many of the UK's top keepers. In addition, Shooting Times' gamekeeping correspondent and NGO committee member Liam Bell will oversee a separate gamekeeping exhibition stand that will take visitors through all aspects of keepering, from small DIY syndicates to grouse-moor management. Featured will be experts in the fields of predator control, shoot conservation and bird rearing.
Bring your gun and visit Barbury Shooting School's stands for daily fun "flush" clay competitions. Oxfordshire Shooting School will be hosting a "Have a Go" stand, with fully qualified APSI instructors offering an introduction to shooting with a shotgun. For the keen grouse shot, why not take on the 25-bird sequence from a grouse butt with Atkin Grant & Lang? The company will also run a high gun competition daily and there'll be prizes for lady guns, juniors and others. BASC will be on hand to offer tuition and advice on gun safety, and there will be an EJ Churchill clinic. An airgun range will also be operating over the weekend, with the Air Arms Speed Shot competition and 10 free shots for under 12s, so take along your aspiring smalls.
The meet the experts sessions at the Field & Country Fair offer something unique: real experts, real opinions and unrivalled knowledge. George Digweed, 26-time World Champion, will be on The Field's stand on Friday 10 June offering advice and answering questions about how to improve your game- and pigeon-shooting. It is not everyday the best in the world is on hand to help. Gunmakers' Quarter will also host three of the UK's top pigeon shooters: Shooting Gazette's Will Garfit; Sporting Gun's Peter Theobald; and Shooting Times' Tom Payne. All three will be on hand to answer queries, share tips and give demonstrations of decoying equipment.
There's plenty of fun at the Fair for your four-legged friends, too. The gundog demonstration arena and training clinic, overseen by renowned gundog trainer Howard Kirby, gives owners the opportunity for one-to-one or group training, or the opportunity to have your dog assessed. The working dog ring will feature parades of working dogs with expert commentary by Neil Varney, owner of training club Twistmount Gundogs and a Shooting Times contributor, and Jim Winters. Varney and his team at Twistmount will also be in the ring twice daily with their spaniels and labrador retrievers to show how it should be done. Meanwhile, Nick Gregory from Misselchalke Gundogs will be doing a demonstration each day with cocker spaniels – and don't forget to study the card before the terrier racing gets underway. There will also be a sporting dog pavilion, lurcher arena, BASC scurries, a gundog eye clinic and canine first aid.
Visit Simon Whitehead of Pakefield Ferrets, a Shooting Times contributor, and his team of rabbiting aficionados, who will be demonstrating the skills involved in ferreting. They will also be showing equipment and offering advice.
Don't miss the Falconry Mews where there'll be a wide variety of bird of prey species, including kestrels, barn owls, peregrines, hawk eagles and golden eagles. Visit the arenas for hunting with falcons, training dogs for falconry, ferreting and children's sessions among other topics. The Children's Area will be an interactive experience for the smalls; visit one of the displays to see the birds in action or visit the falconry clubs for advice on taking up the sport.
The Real Food Fair will make sure visitors to the Field & Country Fair can take home the best British, artisan, well-sourced food.
No need to queue at a dodgy burger van – the Field & Country Restaurant will be offering an amazing choice of dishes for breakfast, lunch and afternoon tea. Eat Wild's tantalising menu includes crayfish, rabbit, free-range chicken jambalaya, smoked mushrooms and kale slaw. Then there are two fabulous food courts, both with outside seating, offering hog roasts and the best fresh farmed produce, which you can wash down with something from the Oxfordshire Real Ale Bar or the Lodge, which will be offering champagne, wine and cocktails. Where better to meet up with friends?
Come and see some of the best country cooks demonstrate what they do so well. Rachel Green will be conjuring up ideas for the best shoot lunches, the Eat Wild brothers – Calum and Will Thompson – will be hosting daily demonstrations, including how to make game accessible. Game guru Tim Maddams will be on hand to advise you how to cook your game with gusto, and Jose Souto will be cooking off against the clock daily, preparing dishes for audience members to sample.
No country fair is complete without a selection of shops, selling things we really want to buy. So if you want some serious sporting wear visit William & Son for elegant shooting outfits (see New in the Field for latest product details) and luxurious cashmere. William Powell and the Beretta Gallery are also a must for the sporting shopper, and Sunglasses for Sport are a go-to destination for grouse glasses. For jolly illustrations from a Field favourite visit Oliver Preston's stand. For the fashion savvy, South West Ten's fur-trimmed gilets and Its Got Soul's delightfully coloured loafers are must haves.
Learn how to cast, pick a rod and find the right flies for the job, perhaps even pick up one of the expert's recommendations. Orvis will be on hand with expert advice for the novice or dedicated flyfisher, overseen by the renowned Michael Evans with Hywel Morgan assisting in the casting demonstrations.
Country Life's artist feature area will see inspired sporting artists displaying their work, including Daniel Crane, Hamish Mackie, Belinda Sillars, Tania Still, Rodger McPhail, Keith Sykes, Dominique Salm, Bill Prickett and Debbie Harris. Talk to the artists, see their latest works or just enjoy the display.
For the smalls, Country Corner offers a plethora of opportunities to learn fieldcraft, make friends and be enthused. Teaching Trees helps them to identify and name the different species of trees they see in a specially created game. Young green fingers will enjoy planting activities and crafters can make a paper plant pot to contain a young plant that they can continue growing at home. Crafters of all ages can learn to make a corn dolly and about the history of the craft, while another craft on offer is felt making – using British wool. Participants will learn how to make felt and then create flowers from it – which they can take home afterwards. Children often enjoy a competition and young artists will be encouraged to enter a drawing competition to paint a picture of the countryside – with a prize awarded to the winner at the end of the Field & Country Fair. Finally, tired children can curl up in the story-telling area and listen to a well-loved tale.
Holt's Auctioneers will be holding two sessions a day, so do bring your shooting memorabilia along with you for valuation. Taxidermist Will Matthews will be showing how to tackle a deer head and more; come and see how you could get stuffing with an expert. And, of course, The Field, Country Life, Shooting Times, Sporting Gun and Shooting Gazette will be at the Field & Country Fair, looking forward to talking to our readers, greeting new enthusiasts and sharing the fun and "hands-on" approach we hope you will enjoy. We look forward to seeing you there.


text:
French Finance Minister Christine Lagarde, one of the favourites for the top job at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), is scheduled to meet Indian leaders on Tuesday in an effort aimed at garnering support for her candidature as successor to Dominique Strauss-Kahn.
Lagarde is likely to meet senior leaders in New Delhi including Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee to seek India's support for her bid, officials said Monday.
The French minister has officially declared her intention to stand for the position of managing director of the IMF, which fell vacant after Strauss-Kahn quit last month following accusation of sexual misconduct.
Lagarde is also scheduled to visit other developing countries, including China, Brazil and some African countries, to seek their support for her candidature.
Developing countries, including India, have been demanding that the next IMF chief should be from a developing country.
Since its inception, the IMF has always been headed by a European. Four out of the 10 IMF managing directors so far have been from France.


text: Metropolitan area where you live or want to live: Portland, OR and Surrounding Suburbs Tell Us About You General Info about you (required)Status: Actively lookingWhat is your gender?: FemaleWhat is your age range?: 20's About You: Lifestyle and PreferencesWhat is your experience with sharing housing as an adult:: I have shared housing with non-family members beforeYour Occupation (current or previous if you are now retired): Indiana University StudentWhat hours do you work? : Day shiftDo you consider yourself an introvert or an extrovert?: A mixture of bothDo you want to regularly socialize with your housemates?: YesWould you like to share meals with your housemates?: YesHow many close friends do you have?: 4-5How many of your close friends live locally?: 2-3What is your housekeeping style?: RelaxedWhat is your dietary preference?: Meat-eaterWhat are your sleep habits? : Varies according to my activities/scheduleDo you own a pet or pets? : I have a petIf you have or plan to get pets, what kind(s)?: A fish!How do you feel about living with pets?: Pets okay with meHow do you feel about smoking? : I'd prefer not to live with a smokerDo you drink alcohol?: YesDo you own a car and drive?: YesDo you have children or grandchildren? : NoBriefly, how would your friends describe you?: Friendly, layed back, and open-minded.What do you like to do to have fun?: I love listening to music, hiking, drawing, exercising, and just creating things in general.How important is it to you that your household is "Living Green"? (0-10): 8How important is it to you to live with someone who has a similar temperament to your own? (0-10): 8How important is it to you to live with someone who has a similar educational background as your own? (0-10): 2 Do you smoke?: NoWhat age range would you like your housemate(s) to be?: 20's70's80's and beyond! Renter Info What You're Looking ForHow many people are you looking for housing for?: Just meHow quickly do you need to find a place to live?: Quickly, by May.Are you looking for : short-term housing----less than one year?How many bedrooms are you looking for?: 1What other parts of the home would you also like to share?: Kitchen and bathroomHow much can you pay each month for housing, including utilities?: Under $500Do you have your own furniture?: NoIf you need furnishings provided, what furniture do you need?: A bed.Do you own a bicycle that will require storage?: No References and Background ChecksDo you have recent rental references you can provide: No, I have been living with family.Are you comfortable providing a background check?: YesWill you want a criminal background check run on your prospective landlord?: YesDo you need a private bathroom? (0-10): 2 In what city are looking for housing? : Portland, OR


text:
Save 25% on Mugs, Totes, and Spiral Notebooks. Use WAKEANDSAVE
Another studying watercolours,
Watercolours and paper.
Uzed ref: http://fotki.yandex.ru/
rose watercolours painting
October 23rd, 2012♦ SEE YOUR WORK IN THE PERMANENT FEATURED ART GALLERY ♦ SEE ONGOING CHALLENGES Your participation with works/votes it is greatly appreciated Mary
Thank you very much for the feature! I really appreciate it!
Congratulations, please visit your page
Thank you so much for the feature Beatrice!)
Gorgeous watercolor Victoria Beautiful soft colors
Thank you very much!!!
Beautiful work..☺☺☺☺
Thanks a lot!!!
This so delicately done. Beautiful work.
Thank you so much!!!
What a beautiful rose, Victoria! Your shading on its petals is so well done! ~ Pat
Thanks for viewing my work and for your generous comment!
Loading more work by Victoria _Ts...
10% off
for joining the Redbubble mailing list
Receive exclusive deals and awesome artist news and content right to your inbox.
Free for your convenience.


text:
How it works
We've embedded state-of-the-art technology at eight stops along a 60-minute walking trail. As you go from one stop to another, you'll learn about bees, their environment and their relationship to people, you'll be able to take part in our citizen science project and become bee-spotters for a few minutes, as well as get to know one of London's fastest growing and coolest new areas.
We've also teamed up with local restaurants and cafes to offer discounts, should you need a break.
There's lots to do and see in King's Cross, so download the app and come along for a visit. The Bee Trail will be available between 5 June and 4 September, 2016.


text:
is it compatible with blacknight
- Asked by William S from Ames
- Flag as inappropriate (is it compatible with blacknight)
No Answers have been submitted
Be the first to answer this question. Answer now
Related Questions
Is it compatible to iPhone 6s?
- Asked by Bill1485942785 T from Bell
- 02 1, 17
- Flag as inappropriate (Is it compatible to iPhone 6s?)
- Asked about: Apple In-Ear Headphones with Remote…
- Asked by Mike J from Kyle
- 03 30, 16
- Flag as inappropriate (Compatibility.)
- Asked about: Magic Trackpad 2
No answers yet
- Asked by James T from San Diego
- 09 9, 16
- Flag as inappropriate (Compatibility?)
- Asked about: AirPods
No answers yet


text:
The underwater world of the Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean surrounding the Canaries provides temperatures of between 18° – 25° C and perfect conditions to dive the whole year round. With its variety of species, from smallest animals up to big fish (like angel sharks or Atlantic rays) and marvelous colourful plant species it ensures diverse and interesting things to see for everybody. Typical for Lanzarote are also the numerous rock formations under the surface, which sometimes look man-made. Formed by solidified lava there are many caves, tunnels, canyons etc. which let each dive become a special one.
For all those that are interessted, Wikipedia offers a lot of information about the Atlantic Ocean.
These picture were taken whilst diving in the magnificent underwater world of Lanzarote.


text:
Among the reasons people keep sad stories to themselves is that they do not want anyone to feel sorry for them. I don't. I don't want you to feel sorry for me.
With the help of this images you can make your own " Judith Moore Image Quotes"
All the Images, Wallpapers, Backgrounds, Pictures, Graphics, Arts are Copyrighted to The Respective Creators, Designers and Authors.
We Don't Intend to Showcase Copyright Images, Pictures, Graphics, Arts.
The Wallpapers, Arts, Graphics available on our website are for Personal Use Only (For Desktops, Laptops, Mobiles, Tablets Screen Backgrounds).
None of the Image should be used for Commercial Purpose.


text: CONTACT US Here's to the possibilities of things we can accomplish together! Contact Form We're excited to hear about your project! Please let us know more below. How can we help you?*WordPress Website DesignWooCommerce DevelopmentWordPress DevelopmentWordPress Plugin DevelopmentWebsite Application DevelopmentNot sureWhat are your goals for the project? How will this project affect your business?*Approximately, what is your budget to invest in this project?*We don't yet have a budget< $10,000$10-20,000$20-35,000$35,000+Are there any important dates coming up that affect your timeline for this project?Are you the decision maker for this project?*YesNoWhat's your name?* First Last What's your company name? What's your current website?Best e-mail address?* What's your phone number?How did you find us?GoogleReferralfrom Web Dev Studiosfrom WP Engine You can also reach us by phone at: 623-252-6395


text:
Difference Between Criminal Justice And Criminology Criminology Essay
Published: Last Edited:
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
In week one, we learned about the difference between criminal justice and criminology. We learned that criminology has two types of study. The first would be classical criminology meaning that criminals are basically of sound mind and body. Those criminals have cognitive learning and reasoning skills. The problem is they do not know how to survive in a normal society, or as society says they should act (Sycamnias, 2013).
There are two types of study in criminology, classical and neo classical. Classical theory shows that criminals are responsible for their own actions. That they have the mental capacity to understand that what they are doing is right or wrong, depending on the situation at hand. With neo classical, it's the actual surroundings of the criminal, not the criminal at all that is at fault. They believe that because there are so many great things out there that they have every right to go out and just take them, instead of working for them (Sycamnias, 2013).
The crimes that would fit this theory are more the personal crimes like robbery, assault and shop lifting. This is where the criminal sees what they want and plans and schemes on how they can get it without getting caught. They don't care who they hurt in the process, just as long as they got what they wanted (Criminology Careers, 2013).
The second is the criminal justice system which means "crimes and criminals are detected, detained, tried and punished. The three main components of the criminal justice system are law enforcement, courts, and corrections. These three entities work together to prevent and punish deviant behavior" (Criminology Careers, 2013). Within this system there is the court system and the correction system. These organizations both detain and try to treat the criminal to help alleviate the recidivism rate (Criminology Careers, 2013).
Criminology looks at the deviant behavior of criminals while the criminal justice system looks at how society views the crimes. They both use the same research methods, both came out in the mid - 20th century, and they both use sociology, psychology and political science as a base of knowledge (Roufa, 2012).
In week two of the course we covered the biological theories of crime. This theory thinks that criminals are born that way; it's in their biological make up. This abnormality is believed to be caused by the family or heredity, a neurotransmitter dysfunction or a brain abnormality caused by stunted growth or a head injury (seiken, 2013).
Emile Durkheim believed that crime is a fact of society and "the dissociation of the individual from the collective conscience or the criminality resulting from a lack of opportunity to achieve aspirations or by the learning of criminal values and behaviors. Therefore criminality results by the failure to properly socialize individuals and by unequal opportunities between groups." (seiken, 2013).
There are many different factors taken into the sociological theory. There is education, their gender, their age, and the color of their skin. This theory wants to prove that not all social groups are equal; some have more opportunities than others. So, the have not's are more likely to turn to crime than the haves (Biological, Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime, 2007).
With heredity it is believed to be passed down through generations. This is similar to those that are on welfare for several generations at a time. Crime comes from what they see and hear throughout their adolescence and early teen years.
Once they are old enough to start making their own choices, they can choose to do right or follow in the family footsteps (Bartol & Bartol, 2011).
The neurotransmitter affects the chemical balance in the brain. This issue can happen at any time by either an accident or head injury of some type, like post-traumatic stress disorder. This is happening a lot with our troops that are coming home from war. With this type of injury they have a hard time dealing with themselves and society. So, in turn they can turn to drugs and eventually crime to support their newly formed drug habit (Bartol & Bartol, 2011).
In week three we learned about the important theories like labeling, social learning, rational choice, and routine activity theories. With these theories sociologist and criminologists can help figure out why people commit murder, robbery, assault, road rage, and kidnapping. The criminal is studied more than the crime is in these theories (Theories of crime , 2013).
The labeling theory has a stigma for the criminal; they can be shunned by society. These criminals are treated as if they are a leper and not to be associated with. This happens when you tell someone at a vulnerable stage in their life that they are no good, will amount to nothing, and should have never been born. This type of environment can push a person into criminal activity as a way to try to prove the abuser wrong (Theories of crime , 2013).
With the social learning theory criminals can learn their behavior by positive or negative reinforcement. If they are shown a positive and prosperous environment they may not become criminals. However; if they grow up in a negative environment they may turn to crime to gain respect. A good example would be the gangs in the United States. They turn to someone who is showing them support, albeit negative but, still acknowledgement of their self-worth (Theories of crime , 2013).
In the rational choice theory the criminal is in it for monetary, status, or sexual gain. This theory can be explained through our political system. There is always a senator, governor, or politician caught with their hand in the cookie jar, so to speak. The politician will use their position and power to gain monetary, sexual, and status gain. Meaning, they chose to do criminal activities as long as they are not caught (Rational Choice Theory (Criminology), 2013).
In week four Robert Merton anomie theory believes there are four ways to deal with social strain. First there is innovation, then ritualism, then retreatism, and finally rebellion. Messner and Rosenfeld went a step further and blamed crime on the "American dream promotes and sustains an institutional structure in which one institution, the economy, assumes dominance over all others" (Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews, 2010).
Messner and Rosenfeld believed that if you limited the primary source of stress, then crime would not follow. However; they also believed that legitimate opportunities should not be limited. If legitimate opportunities were eliminated then crime rates would not go down. They believed high crime rates are brought on by weak controls and the desire to obtain monetary rewards (Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews, 2010).
In 1985, Agnew introduced the general strain theory. In this theory "individuals experiencing strain may develop negative emotions, including anger, when they see adversity as imposed by others, resentment when they perceive unjust treatment by others, and depression or anxiety when they blame themselves for the stressful consequence" (Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews, 2010).
In this theory kids are more apt to turn to crime because of peer pressure, lack of life experience, and not being able to leave a situation. Tis theory also believes that anger is the main stressor. Delinquency and violence can increase the need for retaliation, lower inhibitions, increase levels of pain, and energize the need for action in juveniles (Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews, 2010).
Juveniles have a problem dealing with short term anger and situation specific anger. Juveniles do not have the mental capacity to deal with the stresses of adult hood, even though they think they do. Juveniles are quick to lose their temper, over react, and be impulsive (Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews, 2010).
According to relative deprivation theory, "objective conditions may have little relationship to people's behavior, since their perceptions of these conditions may be at odds with the actuality" (Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews, 2010).Basically, people will compare themselves to others in society and see how they rate. This is not a good theory especially if they are not comparing themselves to someone in their same social standing (Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews, 2010).
If they compare themselves to someone in a higher social standing, criminal activity will follow. The four theories to relative deprivation are look at what they have, what others have, and try to obtain as much or more in a legal or illegal manor. Criminals will put value to what they have and others have, and aspire to increase their own value legally or illegally (Miquel, 2013).
The Patriarchy theory is in week five. Patriarchy theory is "social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line; broadly control by men of a disproportionately large share of power" (Miriam Webster, 2013).
This theory is used mainly by the radical feminist movement. They believed gender must be observed as a product of power between men and women. They believe that masculinity is more important than femininity. Women believe that they are being oppressed by their male counterparts (Miquel, 2013).
So, criminal nature is constantly under review. There are a multitude of ways to measure why criminals do what they do and how they developed these inclinations. These can come from your surroundings, your mind, and other social pressures.


text:
Nerf Doomlands 2169 Dart Refill Pack
$17.99 Available Ask us a question about this product
Please allow an additional 2 - 5 working days before despatch
This item is coming from a different warehouse and may take slightly longer than usual to despatch. Once the item has been despatched, usual delivery time applies.
Price Drop Notification
Nerf Doomlands 2169 Dart Refill Pack Product Description
Content: 30 Nerf N-Strike Elite DoomLands Darts You can't bring justice to a doomed world when you're always running out of ammo! This 30-dart refill pack keeps you armed and ready at all times. They work with Doomlands 2169 blasters (and all other blaster that use standard Nerf darts) and they're all that's standing between you and defeat! Attention! Only suitable for children over 8 years. Do not aim at eyes or face. Do not use other projectiles except those of the manufacturer. Not suitable for children under 3 years as small parts may be swallowed. Danger of suffocation!
Reviews of Nerf Doomlands 2169 Dart Refill Pack
Unfortunately, We don't currently have any reviews for this product.
Why not be the first to write about Nerf Doomlands 2169 Dart Refill Pack?
Add Review
You need to be logged in to leave a comment.
Please log-in or if you have not yet got an account with us, you can register here.
Why buy from nzgameshop.com?
Trusted Retailer
We've been trading online for 13 years.
Insured Delivery
All orders are insured and delivered to your address with the best of care.
Direct Payment
We're working with the best and most secure payment gateways.
Get Rewards!
Get rewarded with Player Points! Saving you even more money!