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|Scurvy Alive and Well? An Investigative Report
|Written by Roman Bystrianyk
|Monday, 04 November 2002 00:00
Vitamin C deficiency is no longer considered a national priority. Especially low intakes of vitamin C can result in scurvy, which is generally considered a disease of the past or possibly found only in specific risk groups such as alcoholics, institutionalized elderly, and others. As a result, health care professionals are not trained to recognize scurvy in a clinical setting. But is scurvy and subclinical scurvy as rare in western society as we believe?
A large number of men in our army were attacked by a certain pestilence, against which the doctors could not find any remedy in their art. A sudden pain seized their feet and legs; immediately afterwards the gums and teeth were attacked by a sort of gangrene, and the patient could not eat any more. Then the bones of the legs became horribly black, and so, after having continued pain, during which they showed the greatest patience, a large number of Christians went to rest on the bosom of our Lord.
-- Jacques de Vitry, the First Crusade
"Overt scurvy is not a common diagnosis in the United States or other industrialized countries. Nevertheless a review of the clinical literature reveals that scurvy may be resurgent, notably among children. Brought on by low intakes of vitamin C, scurvy's primary symptom is weakened collagenous tissue, which results in petechiae, bruising, and hemorrhaging. Because of the rapid development, children with scurvy also exhibit pathological changes in their bones, including osteoporosis, cortical thinning and epiphysiolysis. … Patients who present with scurvy generally are misdiagnosed with vasculitis, but they also may be diagnosed inappropriately with blood dyscrasias, ulcerative gingivitis, or rheumatic disorders." 1
In 1746, as full surgeon on the HMS Salisbury, James Lind watched an outbreak of scurvy and then again the following year. During the second outbreak he performed his now famous experiment. He supplied the one group of sailors with oranges and lemons and those receiving the fruit quickly improved. Lind concluded that the oranges and lemons were the most effective method of preventing scurvy.
"In point of fact little note seems to have been taken of Lind's 'critical trial'. This was possibly because such a concept was hardly understood at the time, but also because there was already a large body of existing experience to the effect that fresh fruit and vegetables were a protective against the scurvy, at the time well known to affect particularly sailors on long voyages and troops on campaigns. One wonders, in fact, in how many naval engagements the outcome was principally determined by relative degrees of incapacitation of crews by scurvy and other diseases, as opposed to fighting skills." 2
The determination that vitamin C deficiency is actually the cause of scurvy was later discovered through a series of accidental findings. In 1907, Alex Holst discovered that guinea pigs on a restricted diet developed symptoms similar to scurvy. This provided the first animal model with which vitamin C deficiency could be tested. In 1928, a substance was isolated by a Hungarian biochemist by the name of Albert Szent-Györgyi, and that substance would later be termed ascorbic acid or vitamin C. The function of the substance remained a mystery until in 1932 when simultaneously in Hungary and in the United States experiments were conducted that showed that this substance, ascorbic acid or vitamin C, would cure the guinea pigs of scurvy.
"Our analyses revealed that a considerable number of children had low intakes of vitamin C. Among the seven to twelve-year-olds, 12% of boys and 13% of girls had mean vitamin C intakes that were less than 30 mg/day. Among 13 to 18-year-olds, 14% of boys and 20% of girls consumed less than 30 mg/day vitamin C. An even greater proportion of children had marginal vitamin C intakes. For both age groups, 21% of boys and 27% of girls daily consumed between 30 mg and 60 mg of vitamin C." 3
And another study in a primary health center in upstate New York found that a large number of children were not consuming an adequate number of servings of fruits and vegetables.
"Forty percent of the 2-year-old children and 50% of the 5-year-old children consumed less than two servings/day of fruits and vegetables. Vitamin C intake was most strongly correlated with consumption of citrus fruits and citrus fruit juices." 4
Although 95% of the children consuming 2 or more servings per day of fruits and vegetables met the RDA for vitamin C, only 50% of those met that requirement if they consumed less than 2 servings per day. This indicates that 20 to 25 percent of the children are not getting the RDA of vitamin C in their diets.
"The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for vitamin C is 60 mg/day, an amount associated with plasma vitamin C concentrations ranging from 28 to 34 μmol/L. Plasma vitamin C concentrations ranging from 11 μmol/L to less than 28 μmol/L represent marginal vitamin C status, which Jacob defines as a moderate risk of developing vitamin C deficiency due to low tissue stores. Plasma vitamin C concentrations less than 11 μmol/L are indicative of vitamin C deficiency. The average daily intake of vitamin C in men in the United States is about twice the RDA, yet the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency and marginal vitamin C status in men is 13% and 24% respectively. Women consume an average of 90 mg vitamin C daily, and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency and marginal vitamin C status in women is 9% and 18%, respectively. These data indicate that although the average vitamin C intake in adult men and women is adequate, vitamin C deficiency and marginal vitamin C status are strikingly prevalent in these populations.
Again it is important to note that the authors state "vitamin C deficiency and marginal vitamin C status are strikingly prevalent in these populations".
"Modern societies with year-round access to fresh fruits and vegetables, most of which are rich sources of vitamin C, seldom develop scurvy, and the disease is usually considered in a historical context. However, examination of the recent medical literature suggests that scurvy continues to be observed in developed nations. … The number of these recent case reports is surprising, and little research has been conducted to determine the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the US population. This study showed that vitamin C deficiency was present at surprisingly high rates among generally healthy patients visiting a health care facility for routine health exams, gynecological exams, and pregnancy exams. … the present study demonstrated that vitamin C depletion and vitamin C deficiency was evident in an outpatient population (prevalence rates, 30.4% and 6.3%, respectively). Symptoms associated with vitamin C deficiency are subtle but physiologically relevant." 6
Another study of random adults in Alameda County, California also showed a significant portion of that population was in danger of vitamin C deficiency.
"Fourteen per cent of respondents appeared to have no regular source of vitamin C. This group includes persons who reported that they did not have at least two servings of fruit or vegetables almost every day, had none of the specified juices on an average day, and did not take vitamin C pills each day. Because of possible underreporting, 14 per cent is probably too high an estimate of persons who had inadequate vitamin C. However, there is cause for concern if any segment of the population lacks a regular source of vitamin C sufficient to meet nutritional needs." 7
So we can see that a significant portion of the general population has either a vitamin C deficiency or marginal vitamin C status. In addition, people who have a marginal vitamin C status can more rapidly develop a vitamin C deficiency than people who have adequate vitamin C levels.
"Subjects who began the study with marginal vitamin C status appeared to be at a high risk of rapidly developing a biochemical vitamin C deficiency on diets lacking vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables. Because the prevalence of marginal vitamin C status may be as high as 20% to 30% in certain US populations, these data stress the importance of consuming vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables daily. Subjects who began the study with adequate vitamin C status did not tend to develop biochemical deficiency with dietary fruits and vegetables were restricted for 1 to 2 weeks." 8
So it is apparent from the medical literature that using the RDA as a standard there are a large percentage of the United States population that are not receiving a good supply of vitamin C and even a significant percentage that can be classified as deficient.
"It [Vitamin C] is an enzyme cofactor in the metabolism of tyrosine and the synthesis of carnitine, norephinephrine, and peptide hormones. It increases absorption of iron from the small intestine, and it functions as an antioxidant, reducing harmful free radicals and thereby decreasing damage to lips, lipoprotiens, DNA, protein, and vessel walls." 9
Vitamin C in fact does have quite a wide variety of function in the body impacting the immune system, cardiovascular health, and because of it's antioxidant capabilities it plays a role in protecting us from cellular damage that may result in cancer.
"Plants and most animals can synthesize ascorbate from glucose but primates, guinea pigs, and fruit bats lost one of the necessary enzymes (L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase) during their evolution and so require ascorbate in their diet. In fact, the gene that should encode this enzyme is still present in the human genome, but in a highly mutated inactive form." 12
This is important because while most animals manufacture their own vitamin C and obtain the health benefits, humans must continuously consume this vital nutrient.
Modern Diet
"The current leading causes of death in the United States are cardiovascular disease and cancer; both of these have been linked to dietary intake and may have their origin in childhood. Because food preferences and eating habits may be established during childhood, parents should emphasize high-vitamin C vegetables and fruits when planning their children's meals and snacks." 13
And unfortunately often times any fruit and vegetable selections that made are not good sources of vitamin C.
"Lettuce, onions, apples, and bananas – some of the most frequently consumed vegetables and fruits reported here – are not rich in vitamin C." 14
It is important that people consume certain foods on a daily basis to ensure that they have a good supply of vitamin C.
"Important sources of vitamin C include fruits and vegetables such as lemons, oranges, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cauliflower, strawberries, and cabbage. Milk, meats, fish, and fowl have negligible amounts of vitamin C" 15
Who is at risk for scurvy?
"One group comprises adults living alone, most commonly ("bachelor" or "widower" scurvy), but sometimes women, who have a deficient intake because of such factors as poverty, poor access to groceries, reclusiveness, dementia, or nutritional ignorance. They mostly prepare their own meals, but those who dine in restaurants do not order fresh fruits and vegetables. Other patients with scurvy avoid these "acid" foods because of purported allergies to them, or because they produce or exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms, such as dyspepsia, dysphagia, diarrhea, and heartburn. Some of these patients have underlying alimentary disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Whipple's disease, peptic ulcers, and gastroesophogeal reflux, and occasionally advice from clinicians to avoid fruits and vegetables because of abdominal complaints has led to "iatrogenic scurvy." Vitamin C deficiency has also occurred when poor or absent dentition has been made consumption of fruits and vegetables difficult. Sometimes people shun these foods just because they don't like the taste, and others because of bizarre dietary beliefs, including food fads." 16
"It is well established that the elderly individuals, whether institutionalized or not, have lower vitamin C blood levels than younger adults. Plasma and leukocyte vitamin C levels decrease with aging and elderly people require higher vitamin C intakes to reach the same vitamin C blood levels found in young adults." 17
So we can see there are wide ranges of groups including the elderly, alcoholics, hospitalized patients, pregnant or breast-feeding women, and others groups that are risk for vitamin C deficiency.
"We report a case of scurvy occurring in a 5-year-old boy who had regular access to medical care. His presentation with rheumatic complaints and skin lesions resulted in confusion with possible immunologic or neoplastic disease. … A previously healthy 5-year-old white boy with and unremarkable medical history developed a limp. … On the day before his referral he developed gingival bleeding. … in the most recent 5 months, his diet consisted of biscuits, Pop-Tarts® (Kellogg's C, Battle Creek, Mich), cheese pizza, and water. He refused fruits, vegetables, and juices, and his mother had been unsuccessful in administering chewable vitamin supplements. … These laboratory findings were diagnostic of scurvy. After administration of ascorbic acid, his pain improved rapidly, and he again began to walk." 19
So we can see through actual case histories that there are cases of scurvy that still occur in the present day. And as stated by one researcher, which despite advances in medicine, living conditions, and nutrition that scurvy can still occur and that we need to pay attention to this serious condition. And since this condition can easily be mistaken for other conditions, and the general belief that scurvy no longer exists, we have to ask just how many misdiagnoses occur.
"Compared to overt scurvy, subclinical scurvy may be diagnosed even less readily because its symptoms are non-specific. For example, marginal vitamin C status results in vague symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, and impaired lung function." 23
Also, again an emphasis has to be made on eating plenty of fruits and vegetables instead of consuming vitamin deficient foods that are convenient and cleverly marketed in today's society. Adequate vitamin C intake on a daily basis can easily reverse problems of scurvy and subclinical scurvy.
"Smoking dramatically lowers blood ascorbate levels, as does aspirin consumption, oral contraceptives, acute and chronic diseases, and a variety of other stresses." 24
As such smokers require an increased amount of vitamin C to attain the status of non-smokers. It's also interesting to note that use of aspirin and oral contraceptives also have a negative impact on vitamin C levels. Considering that much of the population uses oral contraceptives and still more use aspirin not only for pain relief, but also for the supposed benefits in prevention of heart disease.
"It is clear that the vitamin C status of smokers needs to be improved. Individuals who smoke required over 200 mg vitamin C daily to maintain serum vitamin C concentrations at a level equivalent to nonsmokers consuming the RDA for vitamin C." 25
Unfortunately adults are not the only group to engage in this high-risk activity. Many children are directly exposed to the toxic affects of smoking which also adversely affects their vitamin C levels.
"Approximately 3,000 children begin smoking every day in the United States, imposing exogenous oxidative stress on their bodies. Every puff of cigarette smoke contains 1014 low-molecular-weight free radicals. Antioxidants such as vitamin C may have a protective effect against oxidative damage by scavenging oxidants in blood plasma and in tissues. Serum concentrations of vitamin C among smokers are about 25% lower than those of non-smokers, and Kallner et al. reported that metabolic turnover of vitamin C was 40% higher among smokers than non-smokers. Children and adolescents who use tobacco products place themselves at risk for vitamin C hypovitaminosis and have the greatest need for dietary intervention." 26
And not only does direct smoking affect vitamin C levels, the more parents smoke, the less of the vitamin youngsters have in their bloodstreams, says Richard Strauss of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. His research published in Pediatrics is the first major scientific study on how passive smoke affects vitamin metabolism in children and adolescents. Passive smoke already has been linked to lower levels of vitamin C in adults.
"Exposure of children to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) leads to significant alterations in serum ascorbic acid levels in addition to the previously described respiratory ailments associated with ETS. This report is the first large study to document direct metabolic consequences of ETS in children. This study is, therefore, in direct contrast to continued assertions by the tobacco industry that ETS causes no damage. Because ascorbic acid protects against plasma lipid and low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and also appears to be important in protecting DNA from oxidative damage, this report further highlights the potential dangers of ETS to children." 27
Vitamin C Deficiency and Diseases
"The recent scientific literature indicates that beyond merely protecting against scurvy vitamin C contributes to many aspects of human health. The main areas of research reviewed include: 1. Vitamin C requirements of smokers. The data indicate that the vitamin C requirements of smokers is higher by at least 60 mg per day (up to 140 mg per day) than that of nonsmokers. 2. Important functions of the body such as immune response, pulmonary function, and iron absorption are related to vitamin C in takes. Daily vitamin C intake of at least 150-200 mg per day enhance these functions. 3. Vitamin C may play critical roles in the prevention of CHD [Coronary Heart Disease], cancer and cataract. Based on the available data, vitamin C intakes of at least 80-120 mg per day are associated with lowering the risk of these chronic diseases. The literature documents that these and much higher intake levels of vitamin C are safe." 28
"A multitude of epidemiologic studies have shown that increased consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of most types of cancer. Fruit and vegetables contain many constituents that may contribute to protection against cancer, including antioxidant vitamins. … Kromhout et al reported a significant 64% risk reduction of lung cancer with vitamin C intakes > 83 mg/d. … Pandley et al observed a significant 39% lower risk of all cancers in men consuming > 113 mg of vitamin C/d than those consuming, 82 mg/d. A vitamin C intake > 50 mg/d from the diet plus regular supplements, totaling approximately 300 mg/d, was found to be associated with a moderate 21% risk reduction of all cancers in men compared with a dietary intake of < 49 mg/d, although no significant effect was observed in women." 29
In many studies analyzing vitamin C and cancers of the stomach, esophagus, oral cavity, and pharynx there were major reductions in disease of these areas in patients that had higher levels of vitamin C as compared to those who did not. Studies indicate an enormous 69% and 79% reduction in risk of these types of cancers.
"In a comprehensive review of vitamin C and cancer risk, Block found "extremely strong and consistent" evidence of a protective effect against cancers of the stomach, esophagus, oral cavity, and pharynx: 17 of 19 studies showed statistically significant associations between low intake of dietary vitamin C and increased risk of cancer at these sites. … A recent study by Kune et al compared 41 men from Melbourne, Australia with oral or pharyngeal cancer to 398 male controls. This study found a significant risk reduction of oral/pharyngeal cancer of 79% in the patients having a vitamin C intake of > 106 mg/day with no further risk reduction in the patients with vitamin C intake of > 201 mg/day. In an area of China with a high rate of stomach cancer, serum levels of vitamin C were assayed out of a population of 3,433 subjects. Histological diagnosis was made employing a gastric mucosa tissue sample as collected by gatroscopy. Subjects with low vitamin C serum levels had a 50% higher risk for gastric metaplasia, which is considered to be a pre-cancerous lesion. … A recently published study on gastric cancer and micronutrients conducted during 1988 and 1989 in Barcelona, Spain found that subjects in the uppermost quartile of dietary vitamin C intake showed a statistically significant gastric cancer risk reduction of 69%. Finally, a Swedish study pointed out that vitamin C intake in the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile 20 years prior to cancer manifestations was significantly associated with reduction in the risk of gastric cancer." 30
In a large study of 136,000 males in the United States there was an increased risk of 1.7 times for those who consumed fruit less than 3 times a week as compared to those who consumed fruit 5-7 times a week.
"Long-de and Hammond examined data from a prospective study in which 136,000 white males in the United States provided information on their frequency of consumption of fruit and green salad; 671 lung cancer deaths were seen over the subsequent 11-y follow-up. Men who consumed fruit less than three times per week had 1.7 times the lung cancer risk of those who ate it 5-7 times per week, a statistically significant increase. … Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States and is a disease with extremely poor prognosis. In the current state of our ability to treat this disease prevention is of primary importance. All five pancreas cancer studies have found statistically significant protective effects of fruit, and in some instances for vegetables as well. The one study that calculated a vitamin C index found a significant twofold reduction in risk associated with high intake. … seven investigators have reported on vitamin C dietary intake and stomach cancer risk. All seven have found statistically significant protective effects of approximately two-fold … Verreault et al examined 189 women with invasive cervical cancer and population controls. Low intake of vitamin C was associated with a statistically significant twofold increased risk. The effect of fruit juices was even stronger. The effect of carotene and dark green vegetables was in the same direction, although weaker." 31
Here we see that daily consumption of vitamin C can play a key role in prevention of pancreatic cancer, which is a form of cancer that is not very treatable. One study showed a two times reduction in risk of getting pancreatic cancer when taking in high amounts of vitamin C. Vitamin C also has a major impact on stomach and cervical cancer.
"In terms of attributable risk, the authors conclude that "if all postmenopausal women in the population modify their saturated fat intake to (that of the lower one-fifth of the population), the current rate of breast cancer would be reduced by 10% in postmenopausal women … were to increase fruit and vegetable intake to reach an average daily consumption of vitamin C (equivalent to that of the highest one-fifth of the population), risk of breast cancer … would be reduced by 16%." The effects were approximately additive, and simultaneously make both changes would reduce the risk by 24%" 32
Even in a disease like breast cancer if there was an increased consumption of vitamin C and reduction in consumption of saturated fat there would be a large 25% decrease in breast cancer.
"Thomas Sinks and John R Wilkins III interviewed parents of 100 children with brain tumors and 200 matched control subjects, regarding the mothers' diets during pregnancy. A statistically significant threefold increased risk of delivering a child who later developed a brain tumor was associated with a low maternal intake of vitamin C during pregnancy, an effect that remained after adjustment for other factors." 33
Heart Disease
"In an analysis of data from the U.S. First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) and its 10-year follow-up study, Enstrom et al found strong inverse relationships between vitamin C intake and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality especially in men. This study included more than 11,000 people and assessed vitamin C intake form both diet and supplementation. At the highest level of vitamin C consumption (> 50 mg/day from diet plus regular use of supplements), men had an almost 50% lower rate of death from cardiovascular disease and women had a 35% lower rate." 34
This large and lengthy study shows that vitamin C can have a significant impact on this major disease reducing the death rate by 50% in men and 35% in women.
"In another recently published study of a 20 year follow-up cohort of randomly selected 730 male and female elderly people living in different areas of Britian, those in the highest tertile of vitamin C intake, which was > 44.9 mg per day, had a 50% lower risk of experiencing a stroke." 35
"Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association of vitamin C intake with the incidence of cataract. Two case-controlled studies indicated a strong inverse association between high intakes of vitamin C and cataract. Robertson et al found that intakes of >300 mg vitamin C/d were associated with a 70% reduced risk of cataract. Similarly, Jacques and Chlack found that daily intakes of >490 mg were associated with a 75% lower risk of cataract than intakes <125 mg/d. … Two studies, one of them involving > 50,000 women, indicated that vitamin C has a positive effect on cataract risk when supplements were taken for > 10 y; risk reductions of 45% and 77-83% were reported." 36
In these studies vitamin C had a major impact on cataract. Reducing the incidence of this disease in one study by an enormous 70 percent.
"Vitamin C supplementation has been shown to reduce the severity of symptoms associated with the common cold. In people who experience extreme physical stress, vitamin C may be of benefit in preventing respiratory infections. A double-blind trial conducted in South Africa showed that marathon runner consuming 1 g vitamin C per day had a significantly lower rate of post-race respiratory infection as compared to those consuming 500 mg/day. … In HANES II serum vitamin C levels were negatively associated with chronic bronchitis indicating that vitamin C intake might be of value in subjects with chronic respiratory problems." 37
Shown here vitamin C has an affect on our immune system that helps protect us again infection.
"A recently published review concluded that vitamin C appears to improve human fertility by various mechanisms. The result of controlled human studies also support a possible role of vitamin C in human fertility. Fraga et al have demonstrated that dietary vitamin C protects human sperm against endogenous oxidative DNA damage. A placebo-controlled study in 75 smokers found a significant dose-dependent improvement of six sperm qualities after 4 weeks of daily supplementation with vitamin C. Sperm quality increased in the 200-mg group by 15% and in the 1,000 group by 40%." 38
With large amount of vitamin C there is a significant 40% increase in the quality of sperm. This provides a simple low-tech method of helping a significant percentage of the population with fertility problems.
"Several reviews have concluded that vitamin C is safe even when consumed at high levels of intake for long periods of time. There are also no clinical data, which suggests that the enhancement of non-heme iron absorption by vitamin C in individuals with low iron status could be a critical factor in the possible increased risk of heterozygous hemochromatosis-related cardiovascular disease. The committee that prepared the 1989 RDAs pointed out that many people habitually take vitamin C supplements at dosages of 1 g/day without apparent adverse effects." 39
There are literally tens of thousands of articles in the medical literature, many of which are human studies, reporting numerous health benefits for vitamin C. People have been taking megadoses of vitamin C for decades. Dr. Linus Pauling who won two Nobel Prizes reportedly took more than 15 grams (15,000 mg) of vitamin C daily and lived well into his nineties.
1. Hampl J., PhD, RD, Taylor C., and Johnston C., PhD, RN, FACN, "Intakes of Vitamin C, Vegetables and Fruits: Which Schoolchildren Are at Risk?" Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 1999, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 582-590
|Last Updated on Sunday, 21 February 2010 21:22


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For those of you who have been sleeping under a rock may not know, a clown in the Missouri State Fair wore an Obama mask during the performance.
Here is the funny part, people are actually upset about it. The Missouri chapter of the NAACP has called for a federal investigation into a rodeo clown.
What good is our right to political speech if we do not use it? If mocking the president is not protected speech, then what is?
I personally applaud the clown. not only do I applaud him, I wish more people would mock our elected officials.
Our ability to speak out against the government is one thing that sets us apart from the rest of the world. If this had happened in China, the clown would probably be in prison.
The founding fathers of this great nation wanted to make sure we could mock the government.
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National Australia Bank has appointed Gary Lennon as its next chief financial officer, after the surprise exit of Craig Drummond, who resigned after two and a half years in the role.
Mr Drummond's departure came as a surprise, given the close working relationship he established with chief executive Andrew Thorburn during a series of asset sales at NAB and 2015's $5.5 billion capital raising. Mr Drummond raised his departure with Mr Thorburn earlier this week and tendered his resignation on Thursday evening.
Mr Lennon has been the executive general manager of finance at NAB, reporting to Mr Drummond since 2010. Before joining NAB in 2008, Mr Lennon was at Deutsche Bank, and before that KPMG.
Mr Drummond said he aspired to work in a chief executive role. Asked whether he was considering a move to private health insurer Medibank as its new boss, he declined to comment.
As finance chief Mr Drummond had a massive workload, playing a central role in a flurry of deals as NAB sought to reorientate itself towards its Australian and New Zealand operations. He managed the sale of NAB's US bank Great Western, as well as a $2.4 billion deal to offload 80 per cent of its life insurance risk to Nippon Life in Japan, a $5.5 billion capital raising in 2015, and, most recently, February's spin-off of NAB's poorly performing British business Clydesdale Bank.
Mr Drummond, 55, said on Friday that having done these deals, "the type of work that will be required over the next two years as CFO is not something that fully excites me".
Aspired to be a CEO
He said he had joined NAB thinking he had a chance to become chief executive and still aspired to become a CEO. He was previously the Australian boss of Bank of America Merrill Lynch and ran Goldman Sachs JBWere.
"I have been in CEO roles before and that is certainly an aspiration but I am not ruling anything in or out. I have one or two things that are in front of me at the moment that I am considering and I will probably look to make a decision over the next two to three months – one is a little more urgent."
Mr Thorburn said he was incredibly appreciative of what Mr Drummond had done for NAB.
"During Craig's tenure, NAB has been through a period of significant change, and Craig has been pivotal to this," he said.
Before his appointment as executive general manager of finance at NAB in 2010, Mr Lennon was chief financial officer of wholesale banking at NAB. He is an executive member of the G100, the peak body for Australian finance executives.
He worked previously at Deutsche Bank, where he was chief financial officer of the corporate and investment bank in the Asia Pacific for more than three years, based in Singapore. He also had a three-year stint as CFO of Deutsche Bank Japan and two years as CFO of Deutsche Bank in Australia and New Zealand.
Senior management roles
Before he joined Deutsche Bank in 1997, Mr Lennon worked at KPMG in senior management roles in the financial services audit division for a decade in Sydney and London. He has an honours degree in economics from the University of Sydney.
His profile on LinkedIn says he is an avid cricket fan and is married with three children.
ANZ Banking Group has been hunting for a chief financial officer for several months and this week said it would make an announcement in the coming weeks.
NAB shares opened down 1.3 per cent to $25.83 and ANZ was down by the same amount, while Commonwealth Bank and Westpac opened about 0.7 per cent lower on Friday morning.
Meanwhile, Westpac told the market on Friday its tier-one capital had increased to 10.2 per cent of assets in the December quarter, a figure that was slightly higher than expected.
However, Citi analysts led by Craig Williams said the Westpac update implied "surprisingly low" profit of $1.9 billion in the quarter, suggesting the bank had work to do to meet market expectations. Unlike the other three big banks, Westpac does not provide quarterly trading updates.


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|Fecal fat measurement in the presence of long- and medium-chain triglycerides and fatty acids. Comparison of three methods
|Autori interni:
|VANTINI, Italo
BENINI, Luigi
|Data di pubblicazione:
|BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that some of the limitations of the Van de Kamer method for fecal fat measurement could be overcome with the Jeejeebhoy method or the near-infrared reflectance assay. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, a fecal fat test was carried out with the three methods, adding butter or MCT oil to the diet of four steatorrhoic patients. An in vitro recovery study of long- and medium-chain triglycerides was also performed. RESULTS: The Jeejeebhoy method measured long- and medium-chain fats more accurately than the Van de Kamer method. It found consistently higher steatorrhea values. Mean results of the near-infrared reflectance analysis resembled those of the Van de Kamer method, but with wide discordance of individual data. CONCLUSION: The Jeejeebhoy method is more accurate than the Van de Kamer method for fecal fat measurement. The difference may be clinically relevant when most fecal fatty acids derive from medium-chain triglycerides. Near-infrared reflectance may be a viable proposition only when a greater degree of approximation is acceptable.
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|01.01 Articolo in Rivista
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The AAHKS Case Sharing Network on DocSpera.com launched moderated cases in February 2015, and more than 40 cases have been posted and are active in discussion with more than 580 participants. The network receives 1.5 cases per week with an average of 7.5 responses per case. More than 110 images have been shared. The networks is open only… Read More
Register Today for Periprosthetic Fractures Webinar
AAHKS is holding a webinar for AAHKS members, "Periprosthetic Fractures following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty" on Monday, October 5, 2015 at 7:00 p.m. (Central). Faculty are: Craig J. Della Valle, MD, George J. Haidukewych, MD, Frank Liporace, MD and John Callaghan, MD. Learn more and register today. CME Credit The California Academy of Family Physicians is accredited by the… Read More
Patient Education Ranks as Top Website Pages
Two articles, "Total Hip Replacement" and "Total Knee Replacement" continue to rank as the top two pages accessed on the AAHKS website. Divided nearly evenly, the articles received 24,275 page views in the last month. More than 79 percent of the visitors to the site are new visitors, and most are from the United States, Canada, the United… Read More
Leaders in Joint Replacement Volunteer to be "On Call" on DocSpera
Immediate Past President, Thomas K. Fehring, MD, has called on AAHKS members who are also members of The Hip Society and The Knee Society to serve "on call" for the DocSpera case sharing Web portal. He has assembled 61 volunteers who will be ready to comment on cases shared through the portal. One volunteer will serve each week… Read More
Website Metrics Remain Strong
After the busiest period for the AAHKS website around the time of the Annual Meeting, the website continues to draw thousands of visitors. The following analytics are from December 15, 2014 through January 15, 2015: Number of Unique Users: 12,984 Number of Pageviews: 41,888 Percentage of Visitors coming to the site for the first time: 79.29% Top Five Pages (and… Read More
Patient Education on AAHKS Website in Demand
Every day, nearly 600 visitors go to the "Total Hip Replacement" and "Total Knee Replacement" patient education pages on the AAHKS website. The unique visitors are coming to the AAHKS website from searches at Google.com and going directly to the articles. Keywords such as "hip, knee, hip & knee, hip and knee, and hip and knee replacement" bring… Read More
AAHKS Has Taken on a New Look
February 25, 2014 For Immediate Release Rosemont, IL – The American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons' (AAHKS) logo and brand identification have been transformed in a way that reflects a great deal more than graphic design. It signifies their rededication to innovation, collaboration and advancement in the face of unprecedented challenges to its members, their patients and… Read More


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A strong partner for both: Fuel assemblies and fuel service
AREVA NP supplies fuel assemblies for pressurized and boiling water reactors. We manufacture all the components – such as cladding tubes, spacers, head and bottom parts – and the nuclear fuel in our own production facilities. By doing so, we ensure the highest quality.
Extensive research and development leads to robust and reliable fuel assembly design. Because it is essential for us that reactor fuel is used even more safely and efficiently.
To complete our range of products, we also offer services and maintenance for fuel assemblies during reactor operation.
In Germany, Advanced Nuclear Fuels GmbH (ANF) produces fuel assemblies for both pressurized and boiling water reactors – for the German and Western European market. About 430 employees work at the two sites Lingen and Karlstein am Main in Germany.
Competence in all fuel assemblies matters
The international fuel assembly design team works intensively on the development of new fuel assemblies for pressurized and boiling water reactors. In this process, we optimize the materials used and the components of a fuel assembly. Furthermore, we continually develop the associated methods and programs. The focus is on safety, reliability and cost-effectiveness.
The optimal behavior of the fuel assemblies during reactor operation is crucial for operators of nuclear power plants. Therefore, careful design is mandatory: This requires extensive expertise and comprehensive research and design work to be carried out. AREVA NP offers both.
Based on analyses, we support the licensing of fuel assemblies for boiling and pressurized water reactors.
State-of-the-art computer programs
In the fuel assembly design process, we employ programs for neutron physical, thermohydraulic and mechanical design and databases (in the picture: three dimensional prognosis of the surface temperature of a cladding tube with the ARCADIA program). The later were developed on the basis of experience gathered over the course of many years.
For utilities, security of delivery counts. Therefore, AREVA NP has own resources and fuel assembly factories in Germany, France, Belgium and the US. And is involved in four joint ventures: in China, Japan and Kazakhstan. This global organization makes us flexible in serving the markets in Europe, the US and Asia using synergies in research and development.
In Germany, we operate two production facilities and one engineering site which manufacture and design fuel assemblies and all associated components and nuclear fuel. They not only produce for German nuclear power plants but also for export.
Inspection and Repair
AREVA NP possesses decade-long experience in the monitoring, inspection and repair of fuel assemblies. The up-to-date equipment is suitable for a variety of fuel assembly designs and reactor buildings.
- Fuel assembly inspection during outages and in-situ underwater repair of defective fuel rods or fuel assemblies
- Monitoring of fuel assemblies in pressurized and boiling water reactors
- Maintenance and repair of fuel assemblies, including remodelling and encapsulation of defective fuel rods etc.
- Design of special tools for handling fuel assemblies
- Assistance and training for loading and unloading fuel assemblies
Do you know what a fuel assembly is?
The fuel assemblies are the "heart" of a reactor where nuclear fission creates heat.
The fissile material and the resulting fission products, some of which are radioactive, are safely enclosed in the cladding tubes.
Depending on the type, a fuel assembly contains between 200 and 500 kilograms fuel. It consists of fuel rods which contain the nuclear fuel pellets. The fuel rods are held together by a support structure consisting of guide tubes, spacers, top and bottom part.
On average, the fuel assemblies remain inside the reactor for a period of 3 to 4 years. Every 12 to 24 months, between 20 and 50 percent of the fuel assemblies used inside the reactor core are replaced with new fuel assemblies.
Do you know how a fuel assembly is manufactured?
Upon delivery to the fuel assembly factory, the enriched uranium hexafluoride is converted chemically: into uranium dioxide. A powder that is pressed into small pellets.
These pellets are baked in a furnace at 1,700 degrees Celsius to obtain the required mechanical consistency and density. Each of these uranium pellets – a cylinder with a length of 10 to 13 millimeters and a diameter between 8 and 13.5 millimeters – merely weighs 10 grams, but has an energy content that is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms bituminous coal.
Subsequently, around 300 pellets are inserted into tubes, which are approximately 4 meters in length, the so-called cladding tubes. Each tube is sealed with a plug at both ends and welded. We now have a fuel rod.
A support structure combines the fuel rods to bundles, the fuel assemblies.
Between 150 and 265 fuel assemblies are used in pressurized water reactors. In boiling water reactors, the number of fuel assemblies varies between 400 and 800.
Fuel assemblies from Lingen – our contribution towards a power generation with less CO2
In Lingen, Advanced Nuclear Fuels GmbH has been manufacturing fuel assemblies for pressurized and boiling water reactors. For over 40 years! Safety and environmental protection are of top priority.
Fuel solutions: safe and reliable
Nuclear fuel is operated in a highly challenging environment. A large number of high-level scientific and technical skills are needed to achieve flawless design and fabrication quality.


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Where To Start: Auditioning and Acting in New Plays
With Lynnette R. Freeman
Only 2 Seats Left!
Just in time for 2017-18 season auditions and perfect for performers of all experience levels!
Join PlayPenn performer Lynnette R. Freeman to learn why she is so popular with our artists, and how you can sharpen your new work skills. As the new work scene grows, both nationally and here in Philadelphia, the most successful performers are going to be the ones who know how to jump in and effectively work on a new play that's in the middle of a development or production process.
Working with new plays can be, at first glance, a daunting process. From walking into the audition room with a piece/a character that, perhaps, no one is sure about; to being in a room where the script (the very bones of the entity being built) keeps changing, the whole process can be elusive.
First step - breathe - it's really going to be okay! The second step is a matter of perspective; look at the process as an adventure and an opportunity to explore, collaborate and discover.
In this interactive workshop, participants will receive the tools to increase their confidence in auditioning and working with new plays. We'll tackle questions including: Where do I start? How do I prepare? How do I work with a piece that is always changing? What is my function as an actor in this process? How do I work as an effective collaborator in the room with new material?
Class size is limited to insure personalized attention.
Class Schedule:
10-11am: Warm up/Ice Breaker
11-11:30am: What are the blocks: What are you afraid of? Addressing questions/worries/what might impede you
11:30am-1pm: Script Analysis and Getting New Pages: What the what?!
1-2pm: Lunch Break
2-3pm: The Audition: Side Preparation
3-4:30pm: Rehearsal: Being in the Room
4:30-6pm: All About Readings
Please bring to class: Something to write with and on (computers are fine but bring them fully charged as the room has few outlets).
DATES/TIMES: Saturday, March 4 from 10am-6pm
LOCATION: PYP Learning Lab, Asian Arts Initiative, Second Floor, 1219 Vine St, Philadelphia, PA 19107
BIO: Lynnette R. Freeman is a multidisciplinary artist who hails from East Cleveland, Ohio. Primarily an actress, she considers herself a storyteller who uses her chosen mediums of acting, dance, and writing to reflect and celebrate human experience. She is a graduate of Brown University with a focus in Creative Writing and Performance, and holds a MFA in Acting from the Brown/Trinity Rep Conservatory. Her previous roles include Ruth in A Raisin in the Sun (Trinity Rep, Arkansas Rep), Lena in Clybourne Park (Dorset Theatre Festival, Barrington Stage), African Woman in Waking Sun and Kentucky (Ensemble Studio Theatre), Mrs. Muller in Doubt (Music Theatre of Connecticut, CT Theatre Critics Nomination for Best Actress), Carmen/Helene in Luz (LaMama), and Reheema Abu-Salaam in the world premiere of In A Daughter's Eyes and Pretty Mbane in the world premiere of The Dangerous House of Pretty Mbane at InterAct Theatre. She has performed in dozens of new work processes, from table reads to readings and workshops to performances, at companies including the PlayPenn Conference and New Black Fest. Lynnette has been a member of Ensemble Studio Theatre (a theatre that specializes in the development of new work in NYC) since 2013. In addition, she is an accomplished teaching artist and dancer.
(Pictured: Freeman in Luz at LaMama, In A Daughter's Eyes new play workshop at InterAct with Krista Apple, and Clybourne Park at Dorset.)
In very extreme circumstances, we may need to cancel a class for reasons beyond our control and will offer full refunds. Otherwise, classes are non-refundable.


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Ganpat University as a well reputed State Private University established in 2005 through the State Legislative act no 19 of 2005, Government of Gujarat and recognized by the UGC under the section 2(f) of the UGC Act, 1956 having campus spread over more than 300 acres of land with world class infrastructure and more than 10,000 students on campus. The University offers Diplomas, Under Graduate, Post – Graduate and Research Programs under the Faculties of Engineering and Technology, Pharmacy, Management, Computer Applications, Sciences, Education, Humanities and Social Science and Human Potential Development. Ganpat University and the township of Ganpat Vidyanagar, a high-tech education campus is a joint initiatives; purely for philanthropy; of a large number of industrialists and technocrats, noble farmers and affluent businessmen; having a mission of "Social Upliftment through Education".
The University prides itself for several initiatives which has given the students in the state unique learning opportunities as well as brought laurel to the State also viz.,
The University has been among the few Universities in the State who could successfully implement industry-oriented education model with live collaborations with Industries to prepare relevant manpower for industries in the state and country as a whole. Elets – Promoter of Digital Learning Magazine in Association with UNESCO and Ministry of Minority Education, Government of India had conferred "World Education Summit Award – 2014" for Industry – Academia Category to the Ganpat University; out of more than 300 nominations.
For More Detail Please Visit: http://www.ganpatuniversity.ac.in/


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NTT-TOURS division of National Travel & Tourism and part of SBG is a leading DMC in Oman. NTT- Tours has qualified team of professionals and have representative offices in Europe NTT-MICE pro- division of NTT-Tours has successfully orchestrated many incentive tours, events and conferences over the years.
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Next Episode of Treehouse Masters: Branched Out is
In Treehouse Masters: Branched Out, Pete and his team look back on some of their craziest builds.
Builds that prove one can live one's dream all year round; Pete builds a live-in tree house 60 feet off the ground in a California redwood; Pete creates a hexagonal masterpiece in the forests of Oregon.
Pete builds a man cave for a Texas dad complete with a meat smoker, hidden flat-screen TV and water gun turrets; a build for a competitive survivalist who wants a camo hideout with all the creature comforts.
Pete goes across the pond for inspiration on these Irish- and Scottish-themed builds; an emerald-isle-themed build in Orange County; the gang heads to Oklahoma to create a sky-high Scottish garden house.
Pete and the crew are adding some tap rooms to the treetops; first up is a majestic lake-side maple, then it's off to Angry Orchard HQ to build a treehouse overlooking the apple trees.
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Chapter one: Lollipops to practice
I was sitting against the cold wall, looking around at the other kids surrounding me in the large room. There were at least fourteen, maybe one or two more, and they were all spread around the room, some keeping to themselves like me, others chatting or playing some odd hand-game. I bit my chocolate bar, stretching my legs out in front of me.
The clothes that Wammy had given me before coming here were really comfortable; a loose black long-sleeve shirt and loose black pants. I wiggled my toes, getting bored out of my mind: I had been sitting here for fifteen minutes. One by one, the other kids had been brought in, and the room gradually filled up. But Roger wouldn't start the stupid orientation until everybody was here.
We were all waiting for one person, apparently. That old wrinkly fool, Roger, was standing by the door, constantly checking his watch. He looked up at me as I loudly snapped off another piece of my chocolate bar. I met his gaze squarely, staring at him cooly until he looked away. For a nine-year-old, I was pretty confident in my ability to stare down anybody, adult, animal, or piece of wood. Okay, maybe not the last one, but still.
I'm pretty damn awesome.
I was beginning to hate the late person already: don't they know that I have better things to do than hang around an orientation that hadn't begun, waiting for them! Well, granted, they probably don't know that, but still. It's absolutely their fault that my butt's falling asleep. What felt like forever and a half later, the door opened once more, and another old guy -who I recognized as Wammy himself, the one who had brought me here in the first place- led a boy in by the hand.
I stared at him, as did everybody else in the room. He seemed unsure where to look, since everywhere he looked, staring eyes met his own. He settled for looking down at his feet, which he trusted not to stare back, I guess. I examined him in the same manner I'd examined everybody else: giving them a good twice-over. But none of them seemed to be so interesting as this guy was.
He had messy, bed-head hair in a dark red colour that could not be natural, since I'd never seen it before. He was wearing a baggy black and white striped shirt that was obviously much too big for him. He was wearing loose jeans that also seemed to have thin stripes on them -horizontal, of course.
I grinned as I saw the end of a lollipop sticking out of his mouth: at least he was original in his taste in sugar: cakes and sugar cubes are taken by L, chocolate is mine, thank you very much, and strawberry jam...let's just say that it's been used. Compared to all the other kids in here, who all looked relatively similar: guys with short hair, girls with hair in pigtails, guys wearing jeans and t-shirts, girls wearing loose dresses or overalls...let's say that the appearance of this new, LATE guy was a breath of fresh air.
He let go of Wammy's hand, and shuffled over to sit against the wall opposite me. He slid down it, stretching out his legs like I did, and took a GameBoy out of his pocket. I raised my eyebrow, and snapped off another piece of chocolate. At the loud sound, the new guy looked up in surprise, and met my gaze. And damnit, I was not prepared for that. His eyes were blue -a really deep, ocean blue- and his gaze was so focused and direct that I couldn't look at him for very long.
I casually bit off another piece of chocolate and looked away, pretending that he wasn't amazing enough to keep my attention. A lie of course, he was starting to seriously interest me. He looked back down at his GameBoy, and I slyly observed him, still pretty shaken from his blunt stare, but more intrigued than ever. Wammy started talking, and I kind of listened, more interested in the new guy.
"Welcome, everyone, to Wammy's house." Wammy began. "Each of you children will stay here now, and learn as much as you can. I hope that you all will have a good time here together. I am Wammy, the founder of Wammy's house. This is Roger, the man who will be in charge from now on." he said, gesturing to Roger, who smiled grimly. I had an idea that he'd rather we were all insects than children.
"How about we all introduce ourselves, and say a little something about ourselves, like our age, favourite food and favourite colour. Please remember to use the names you all picked for yourselves, not your true names, alright?" Wammy suggested, and everybody nodded.
"Linda, if you would start?" Wammy suggested, and a girl on the other side of the room started talking. She had light blonde hair and looked pretty normal. Her name was, apparently, Linda, and she liked to draw, hated spiders, and was seven years old. Everyone began introducing themselves, and I remembered all their names, even though I didn't care at all. It was my turn, and I snapped off a final bite of chocolate before beginning.
"My name's Mello. I'm nine years old, I love chocolate, and I love explosions." I said, not looking anywhere in particular until my gaze was caught by the gamer boy. He was looking at me, and I caught a tiny smile on his face. Instantly, I flushed, completely unsure why he smiled: was he making fun of me? I mentally snapped myself in the face for losing my composure, even for a second, and bit down on my chocolate bar again, averting my eyes and zoning out again, although I was subconsciously waiting until the interesting boy would speak. Finally it was his turn, and I looked up as he began to speak.
"I'm Matt." he began, and everybody's heads turned to stare at the newcomer. Of course, everybody here was new, but he was more interesting.
"I like videogames, cars, and I wanna smoke when I'm older." he said, and the kids all laughed. I stared at him. He had a very faint British accent, but I'm sure I did, too, seeing as I'd been in this country for a few months. What I found super funny was that the lollipop sticking out of his mouth probably wasn't because he liked them. It was probably to practice, for cigarettes later on.
After the girl closest to him started to introduce herself, he looked up at me, and once again I was caught in his direct, hypnotizing stare. But this time I didn't look away first, I just stared back. It was actually quite fun, like a staring contest. Finally Matt's GameBoy made a funny sound, and he looked down at it in dismay. I grinned: he'd lost his game by staring at me too long. He pressed a few buttons, then looked back up at me, a funny little smirk on his face. I had a funny idea that this guy would be my best friend. Just because I liked him so much already, and we hadn't even talked.
Mello. That's a pretty weird name, but I guess most people's are in this place. Except for mine. And Linda's. Wammy had explained to me that it was better to use fake names at this orphanage, because most people who graduate become super famous and need to be completely anonymous. So I guess it makes sense. Mello. Somehow it suited the odd boy sitting across the room from me.
Perhaps 'odd' isn't quite the word: he had shoulder-length, perfectly cut blonde hair with ruler-straight bangs, piercing blue eyes that could stare at you forever, and lightly tanned skin. It was the colour of his hair that interested me at first: it was kind of orangey, and very pretty. It took a few moments for me to be sure that he was a boy, because most people would have said that he was a girl. But there was an unmistakable aura of confidence brimming from him, the kind that girls just don't really have.
Or, I'd never met one with that sort of I'm-hot-and-you-love-it attitude. Especially not an eight-or-nine-year-old. I could feel him staring at me from the beginning. I'd vaguely wondered why, but one glance around the room told me that he'd probably already gotten bored of staring at everybody else. The snap of chocolate made me look up at first, and that's when I saw him staring. So I stared back. It almost made me want to laugh the way he looked away casually, obviously pretending that I wasn't amazing enough to keep his attention, but I could tell that that wasn't true.
And sure enough, a few seconds later, I glanced up from under my bangs, and he was staring at me again. Interesting. Somehow, it was kind of like a game, but not as exciting. It was more...fun, I suppose. After everybody had introduced themselves and stuff, Wammy said to pair up with a friend and write down our names in groups of two on a sheet, so we could pick our own room-mates, who we'd stay with for...well...basically, as long as we were here. Everybody immediately began talking, asking people to stay with them and things.
I noticed that Mello made no move to ask anybody, he simply ate his chocolate bar, snapping pieces off dramatically as he seemed to always do, looking absent-mindedly out the window. But I had a funny feeling he was watching me again. Not in a creepy way. In a way that seemed to mean he was making sure that I didn't get to be anybody else's room-mate. Just as I beat the twelfth level (I had been playing the whole time, of course), a skinny boy with glasses came up and asked if I'd like to be his room-mate.
I could feel Mello's penetrating gaze on me as I looked up and shook my head apologetically, murmuring something indistinguishably like 'I'm sorry, I already...um...' The boy frowned in confusion, and I dreaded having to explain exactly why I couldn't be his room-mate (I didn't even have a real reason).
But I was saved by, surprisingly, Mello. An especially loud snap of chocolate breaking made the bespectacled boy jump and turn. Mello was glaring at him fiercely, almost daring him to stay next to me any longer. A small squeak of fear was the last I heard of the boy before he was one.
"Once you and your room-mate have signed up, please follow Roger so he can show you to your rooms." Wammy called, and soon all the other kids had left out the door, chatting excitedly. Mello and I stayed where we were, sitting against our respective walls. I occasionally glanced up at him from under my bangs with every level I beat. He was wiggling his toes, chewing his second chocolate bar. His gaze locked suddenly on my own, and I flushed, caught staring, and looked back down to my game. Wammy, who was just leaving, suddenly looked up and saw us.
"Matt? Mello! Do you two not have room-mates?" he asked. I slowly lifted my gaze from my GameBoy and looked up at Mello. He raised his eyebrows at me, like a playful challenge. I grinned and told Wammy that we didn't. He blinked at me, and crossed his arms behind his back, smiling from me to Mello and back.
"Well then, you two ought to room together. I'm sure you'll get along famously." he said as Mello dramatically snapped off another piece of chocolate. Mello slid up the wall to his feet and stretched, clutching his chocolate bar in his hand.
"I'm sure that we will." he said as he crossed the room. He locked eyes with me and offered me a hand. I took it, and he pulled me to his feet.
"Good, good. You two will be in room number thirteen, then." Wammy said, and lead us out the door.
I don't know why I did it. Honestly, I really don't. I suppose just the idea of Matt -who already seemed like the most interesting person in this dump, by far- rooming with Teacup (lamest dude EVER!) was just repulsive. I knew it was worth my while to intervene: Matt shot me a look of pure gratitude after I'd chased away the glasses-wearing fiend. We walked together in silence to room number thirteen, and Wammy unlocked the door with a large old-fashioned key as me and Matt watched. He was a little bit shorter than me, but then, he was probably a little younger, too.
"Okay, boys," Wammy said as the door swung open to reveal a small room with two beds, two desks, two chairs, two wardrobes, a mirror and a large window, "your luggage should be brought up soon. Please be in the main dining hall for announcements and dinner in two hours." he said, patted each of us on the back, then left. I glanced at Matt, but he wasn't there: he was already flopped down on one of the beds. I raised my eyebrows and grinned; he was just like a puppy. I closed the door and flopped down on the other bed, digging in my pocket for another chocolate bar.
"So," Matt began, and I looked up to see him looking at me, his chin propped up on his hands, elbows buried in the blanket. "I guess we should get to know each other a little..." he said, trailing off as I looked at him. It suddenly occured to me that he could be shy. I grinned and rolled over, snapping off a corner of my chocolate, my sugary, melt-in-your-mouth saviour.
"Sure, Matt. D'you wanna play 20 questions?"
"What's that?" he asked, puzzled, and I stared at him.
"Seriously? You've never played? You're missing out!" He didn't comment, so I just explained how to play.
"Well, we play rock-paper-scissors to find out who asks a question first. Then we each take turns until we've both asked twenty. You have to answer, and you have to tell the truth, no matter what. If you don't...well, you're supposed to, so..." I frowned, thinking. Were there any penalties in 20 questions?
"So...so you just should?" Matt finished, and I looked up to see him smiling.
"Yeah. That's right." I said, stretching.
"So, let's play rock-paper-scissors first." I said, and raised my fist. He copied me, and finally (after six ties) I won. "Okay, so now I ask the first question." I said triumphantly, and he pouted, but seemed ready, too.
"Okay. What's your real name?" I asked. I knew I was testing him. If he was lame, he'd say that we weren't supposed to, and he might go tell Roger or Wammy that I'd tried to find out, bla bla bla...but if he was awesome, then he'd just tell me. I glanced up to see his expression. He had paused his videogame, for once, and was looking at me with raised eyebrows.
"You know I'm not supposed to tell you, right?" he asked. I sighed.
"I know, if you don't-"
"Mail Jeevas. That's my name." he interrupted, and went back to his game. I blinked at him.
"Mile?" I asked, and he looked up with a small grin.
"It's pronounced Mile, but it's spelt M-a-i-l, like a letter or a postcard." he said, and I laughed.
"That's a cool name." I said, and snapped another piece of chocolate off my slowly shrinking bar.
"My turn," Matt said, and to my amazement, he switched off his game. Like, 100% off.
"Wow, you must be interested." I said, gesturing at the black screen. He rolled his eyes at me and tossed the GameBoy off his bed.
"What's your real name?" he asked, looking at me in serious interest. I glanced up at him then answered.
"Mihael Keehl." He blinked.
"How the heck's that spelled?" he asked, and I laughed.
"M-i-h-a-e-l K-e-e-h-l. My turn. Why do you want to smoke when you're older?" I asked. Matt, or rather Mail, and he smirked at me, raising an eyebrow.
"Cuz it looks hot." he said, the arrogant smirk still in place on his boyish face. I was suddenly struck by an epiphany: no matter how 'normal' he had seemed (aside from the lollipop and videogames), Matt was actually...cocky. And arrogant. Even though he was shy. Interesting combination. I grinned at him, somehow liking him better with everything he did and said.
"Suuuuure...I always thought it was gross. And it stinks like hell." I said, snapping off another piece of chocolate. Matt rolled his eyes.
"Well whatever. Why do you eat chocolate so much?" he asked, and I laughed.
"Just for the endorphins. Aaahhhhh...and the sugar rush? Seventh Heaven. Plus it's sexy." I said, and he snorted.
"Of course it is..." he said, rolling his eyes. I smirked, but actually, I was feeling quite uplifted: fifteen minutes, and I was already thinking that this guy was gonna be my best friend. I guess I'm easily pleased.
"My question now," I said, and Matt grinned at me, lying on his stomach with his feet in the air. I kinda like the way the beds were positioned: Both with one end against the opposite wall from each other, like we'd been sitting in the bigger room only twenty minutes ago, or something.
"Why are you here? Like, here at Wammy's?" I asked, and he shrugged.
"Beats me. I guess you could say, because I'm an orphan and my foster mom was raped and murdered recently? I had nowhere to go, so...here I am." he said, so casually that I was quite impressed with his nonchalance over such violence. I tried my hand at being polite. "I'm sorry about that. Poor you." I said, and Matt gave me a funny look before laughing.
"Stop it. Being sympathetic doesn't suit you." Fine by me, it's uncomfortable and irritating.
Makes me feel all fluffy and nauseous inside.
"Stop it. Being sympathetic doesn't suit you." I said, quite truthfully. Although it really was rather nice of him to go out of his way to actually be sincerely sympathetic, it looked like he wasn't used to it: he made this funny face and twisted his hands together. His nose scrunched up slightly, and he avoided my eyes, as if looking at me would convince him that what he was trying to do was dumb.
After I said it didn't suit him, he relaxed and rolled his eyes, but definately seemed to agree with me. It true that I had only known him for, what, half an hour? But still, Mello seemed to me like the most...normal person out there. Normal by my standards, I suppose, not by society's: he did what he liked, and didn't particularly care if anybody else wanted him to or not, he didn't pretend to like people, he looked and acted how he wanted, and didn't seem to put on an act for anybody. I had a feeling that if he ever decided he wanted to punch me, instead of refraining from doing so for my sake, he'd probably do it as hard as he could, then (maybe) apologize later.
"Why are you in here?" I asked, and Mello looked up at me, a piece of chocolate between his teeth. He chewed it slowly, probably thinking of how to say it without terrifying me. Or maybe not. "I never knew my parents. Well, I suppose I must have known my dad, but my mom died when I was born, and my dad hung around the hospital for a bit, then left in his car without me. Apparently, he drove off a cliff a few hours after that. So I was put in an orphanage, which was...blown up recently." he said, not totally meeting my eyes. I laughed, and he scowled at me.
"It's not funny, you know." he said, but his mouth was curving up at the sides, like he didn't want to get mad at me.
"I know, I know," I said, running a hand through my hair. "It's just I got this weird feeling that you blew up your old orphanage. That's all. I'm sorry about your parents, though. But just think! You never knew them at all, so maybe you don't miss them quite as much as you could?" I said, trying to cheer him up, but I knew I was failing miserably. He probably knew this, of course.
At my words, Mello burst into laughter. It was rather cute, I suppose: he rolled over, covering his mouth, scrunched up in a ball, and kicked his legs as he laughed. Cute, like a mutated, laughing hamster. Well, actually, he looked ridiculous. As I watched him, I started laughing too. I tried to stop: it felt rather unnatural, since I hadn't laughed in a good two months, but I couldn't.
Oh, God, I really was laughing: I was giving these tiny little snorts, I could feel tears forming at the corners of my eyes, and my ribs started to hurt, but every time I looked at Mello, who was by this time surely laughing at me, I burst into another round of laughter. If laughter really is good for your abs, I bet I'll have a sixpack in a couple years, just from laughing with Mello.
It's pretty contagious.
Hope you liked the first chappy! oh, btw, all Mello parts are written by the amazing and wonderful Sailor-Nova343, and all Matt parts are written by the not-quite-so-amazing me! yeah that's why their shorter...that's ChocoholixAnonomous for ya...:)


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The typical asking rate per listing is in the $0's per square foot per year. The Historic Biltmore Village region is seeing a decline in rates. In the last 3 months, the median rate fell $33 per sqft per year. That's a 100% decrease in rent.
In the last 90 days, 3 listings have been listed, which means listings might be going fast. You'll want to be prepared to tour spaces as quick as possible. There aren't many listings below 2,000 square feet available, so finding a space for a small business might be tough.
The standard measurement for office space in this area is around sqft. Most properties in this market are around 2 floors. Most buildings in this area were built in 1991 and are Class B.
A large portion of this area is residential, but there's plenty of office_space. Wholesale trade is the dominant industry in this region. Most of the occupants of Historic Biltmore Village work from home. Commuting approximately 20 minutes a day is the norm for those who opt to reside in this part of town.
Trends and status of the commercial real estate market in Historic Biltmore Village.
Market Report
Real time and historical data on commercial real estate listings in Historic Biltmore Village.


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Director, Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA
Director, Cancer Institute
Management | Fulltime - Regular | Seattle, WA, US
Job Number: 170647
Department: Cancer Institute
Hours: 8:00a - 5:00p
Honored as Top Hospital of the Decade by The Leapfrog Group, Virginia Mason in Seattle, WA, is internationally recognized as a preeminent organization that is focused on transforming health care. True to that vision, we spent this past decade creating and delivering a multitude of innovations. The results? Industry-changing process improvements and initiatives that have revolutionized our ability to eliminate waste, cut costs, and most importantly, improve the quality of services. Our commitment to Team Medicine and the transformation of health care is what built our reputation as a quality leader, and empowers us with the capability to provide rapid access to care through our Virginia Mason Production System.
As one of the preeminent cancer care providers in the United States, the Floyd & Delores Jones Cancer Institute at Virginia Mason in Seattle offers the very best in state-of-the-art cancer care and treatment in an environment of hope and healing. The institute brings all aspects of care — from physician visits to lab appointments to the pharmacy — to patients in one convenient location.
As a key member of our leadership team, you will help to continually develop the results-driven initiatives that define our success and are transforming healthcare.
The purpose of this position is to provide operational leadership for the Cancer Institute to insure its long-term growth. In conjunction with the Vice President and the Physician Leader, the Director oversees administrative functions of the clinic including operations, marketing, facilities, finance, human resources, and planning and development.
- Bachelor's degree in business, health administration, nursing or a related field.
- 7 or more years progressively responsible clinic management experience.
- Proven proficiency in financial management, which includes compressive understanding of insurance plans as they relate to physician practice.
- Proven ability to communicate clearly, effectively and concisely to a variety of audiences.
- Demonstrated communication and interpersonal relationship skills with a focus on team building.
- Proven ability in developing and promoting working relationships with a highly skilled group of medical staff.
- Demonstrated expertise as a Change Master.
- Strong planning and analytical skills required in the innovation of new approaches/initiatives, identification of areas requiring improvement, and monitoring of outcomes.
- Master's degree in business, health administration, nursing or a related field
- Completion of VMPS for Leaders
- Bachelor's degree in nursing
- Oncology experience
Virginia Mason offers much more than competitive compensation and benefits. With continuing education opportunities and relocation assistance, you will find our commitment to your well-being is both rewarding and refreshing.
There is also the lifestyle benefit that comes with finding yourself in the heart of the Pacific Northwest. Surrounded by the vibrancy and sophistication of one of the most livable cities in the country, finding the perfect urban or outdoor pursuit will instinctively and pleasurably become second nature.
For more information or to apply online visit our website at https://jobs.virginiamason.org/.
We are an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer.


text: This PowerPoint editable slide features a map of Uttar Pradesh, a state located in northern India. It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces, and was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950. Uttar Pradesh - India PPT Map slide is a pre-made PowerPoint slide created with PowerPoint's own drawing tools which can be easily customized using PowerPoints own tools. Also, you can add your own objects, effects, texts, etc. This PowerPoint map slide is royalty free and instantly downloadable on purchase.


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Prepping a little at a time. Augason Farms is highly rated. Delivery was fast and well packaged.Read More
Great mixture of ingredients for the price for adding in to make stews or soups..Read More
Great food product. I use these for a quick base for a chicken or beef stew. Just add a can of cooked chicken or beef, a bullion cube and you have a tasty meal.Read More
I purchased in case of emergency's.Read More
Decided to try but just plain stew blend didn't sound like enough so I followed the receipe on the side of the can with some modification. I put the items that reciepe called for plus a can of corn, a can of diced tomatoes, and a jar of spagette sauce. Also a scoop of diced garlic. For seasoning I added some herb seasoning and twelve beef bulion cubes. Simmered for half an hour. That tasted pretty good but it seemed like it was missing something. So I browned a pound and half of grown beef. That did it. Was simply delicious. But to add just a bit more taste I added some hot sauce. Then it was good beyond description. A bowl of this mix was a meal by itself. Don't be afraid to experiment some. The basic stew mix is okay by itself but all the other additions made it wonderful.Read More
Arrived intact and is delicious.Read More
I work at a church. We purchased this for the big soup kitchen we help with. The soup was very mushy and unappetizing. Our volunteers added a number of ingredients to try to boost its appeal and flavor and called it gumbo and then called to ask me to never order it again.Read More
Very, very salty, cannot use because of low salt food restriction.Read More
I believe it will be an excellent product to have on hand during hurricane season in the SE. Since the shelf life is long, if it is not used this year, it can be on hand for next year.Read More
I tried this for a noon meal. It tasted great. I added more water and some tomatoe powder to it. The only thing I would recommend is to cook it for a longer time, or at least soak it before starting to cook. Some of the veggies take a little longer to hydrate. That is why I needed to add more water. It's also great if you add some leftover meat to it, just realize whenever you add something else, add the same amount of water.Read More
Well, I haven't tried this yet, but I have two cans which arrived dented. I didn't go through the trouble of sending them back, so I will be eatting those and not putting them in storage. This shipment of three cans, arrived undented. Most of the cans I ordered, were delivered in perfect condition but a few were dented; so I seperated those and am going to use them this year. The manufacturing date is recent, so I have a year to use those. I ordered a lot of food , so a few dented cans are not much trouble.Read More
If you're building up emergency food stores this is a great pick. The cans arrived in good condition and the nutritional value looks good.Read More
Augason Farms Vegetable Stew Blend 32 oz. #10 Can
Add to cart to see price


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New Bunnywhiskers Podcast
April 26, 2017
11:18 am
Soundtracks & experimental music…..
Soundtracks & experimental music…..
In advance of the Buchla Memorial Concerts 4/22 – 4/23, Derek Gedalecia joins me with Buchla selections and a Headboggle set.
This podcast features a new interview with the wonderful Luigi Cozzi recorded at Profondo Rosso on halloween eve! Cozzi is the director of Starcrash, The Killer Must Kill Again, Contamination and Blood on Méliès' Moon to name a few. He is also a writer and is known for his collaborations with Dario Argento and others.
With music from Alien Factor, Plague of Zombies, Sexy Killer, Hallucination Generation, Death Laid an Egg and more….
Featuring music from Deathdream, The Goat Man, Cleopatra Jones, Blood Beach and more…..
From Italy, a special guest set from Spettro Family…….
Featuring music from Demon Seed, The House with No Windows, Operation Orient, Patrick Still Lives and more~
Featuring music from Corpse Eaters, Sadomania, Vigilante, Eraserhead and more…..
Featuring an interview with the lovely Victoria Shen of Trim, soundtracks, library stuff and experimental…
Two hours of music from the Maestro~


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- Explore community
- Identify
- Help
iSpot at Belper Wakes Day - Mon 27th May
My name is Debbie Alston and I am the iSpot Biodiversity mentor for the East Midlands.
Today I am demonstrating iSpot at the Belper Wakes day 11am - 4pm.
I will also be a few other events around the region in the coming months. To find out which events, or if you have an event that iSpot could come, to e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com.