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You may have heard the theories that modern birds are descendent from dinosaurs that roamed the planet in the Mesozoic Era (225-65 million years ago), like the Velociraptor depicted above. And that some of those dinosaurs, both large and small, are now purported to have had feathers. But, have you seen any of the direct evidence?
How Cool is This
A fellow member of the Rochester Philatelic Association likes to stimulate her Facebook friends by placing a theme word or phrase onto her Facebook Timeline each day and having her friends post philatelic responses. Well, one day in late January her theme was simply "my town".
I decided to seek out postmarks from the many locations I have lived. Naturally, I started with my hometown of East Longmeadow, MA. I opened Google Image Search and simply typed: "East Longmeadow postmark". I was rewarded with a page of image snippets some of which actually met my intended search criteria. About two rows down in the middle of the screen I saw this excellent and legible postmark atop the five cent 1964 John F. Kennedy stamp. I hit enter.
Reeder Creek: Fossil Hunting Meets History
Article was published in the February 2017 WCGMC Newsletter
Sometimes it is fun to just explore for fossils or minerals by visiting an unknown location, perhaps one with potentially appropriate geology, but not a site with documented fossils or minerals. One may not find much, but occasionally one stumbles onto something completely unexpected and equally interesting. In the fall of 2015 Stephen Mayer and I had such an experience when we decided to investigate the geology along Reeder Creek in Varick, NY.
Plumalina Plumaria
Leave it to the field trip leader of the Wayne County Gem and Mineral Club, Bill Chapman, to find something new! Well, not exactly new, but certainly unusual. Plumalina plumaria were first described by Hall (1878). Yes, they look like feathers, and one might want to classify them as ferns or plants of some sort, but the latest understanding of these rather rare fossils is that they were hydroids (Muscente and Allmon, 2013). Hydroids are a class of small predators that are related to jellyfish. Dominated by soft-body parts hydroids are not well preserved in the fossil record causing extinct species to often be labeled Incertae Sedis in many fossil lists. Incertae Sedis are extinct organisms with unknown or uncertain relation to known phyla.
The Wollastonite Group of Minerals
Published in the February 2017 WCGMC Newsletter
OK, I know, most of us have heard of the mineral wollastonite and many of us have collected it at the Valentine Mine in Harrisville, or at Rose Road in Pitcairn or Cascade Slide in the Adirondacks. You may even know that 100% of North America's mined wollastonite comes from two quarries in New York, the aforementioned Valentine Mine and the Lewis Mine near Willsboro. If you voted in the election of 2013, you may remember Proposition #5 in which the operators of the Lewis Mine sought to trade 1500 acres of their property for 200 acres in Adirondack Park immediately adjacent to the quarries west wall.
But did you know that wollastonite is just one triclinic silicate mineral within what is known as the Wollastonite Group? These minerals are all single chain silicate minerals in which every third silicate tetrahedral is "twisted". Calcium cations connect parallel chains in wollastonite leading the chemical formula CaSiO3. The lesser known members of this mineral group employ different elements as noted in the accompanying table.
Rocks with Faces
Rock hounds are always looking for new places to dig. Sometimes it is hard to find them. But we could tinker with that theme a bit and start "looking for new things in old places". There is a museum in Chichibu, Japan, two hours from Tokyo that houses over 1700 rocks, all of which resemble human faces. They call the museum Chinsekikan (which means museum of curious rocks). Apparently, the owners have been accumulating the odd collection for over 50 years with the lone requirement that Mother Nature was the only artist (Strategy, 2016).
At one of Wayne County Gem and Mineral Club's December workshops (and we had two!), Robert Webster arrived with some beautiful larimar to cut, grind and polish. After his successful work he posted pictures of several of his creations to our club's Facebook Group page.
Classifying Geologists and Rockhounds
Column written for the WCGMC Newsletter, January 2017
Everyone likes to classify things: by shape, by color, by cost, by size. You name something to sort by, and someone is busy classifying with it. So, it should be no surprise that geologists get classified. And perhaps the first way they get labeled is as either a soft rock geologist or a hard rock geologist. No, it has nothing to do with the character of their head (although some might disagree) and it has nothing to do with their taste in music. Rather it relates to the type of rocks they study.
The Fleischerite Group of Minerals
Despujolsite, Mallestigite, Schaurteite, Genplesite: OK, if you are honest with yourself you will admit you have never heard of these minerals. I hadn't. And therefore you would not know that they are all hexagonal sulfates within the Fleischerite Group of minerals. But naturally there is even more about them you do not yet know but should!
Lake Ontario Stones
At the November meeting of the Wayne County Gem and Mineral Club there was general bemoaning that the field season seemed over. That was until two members suggested that we visit the Lake Ontario shoreline on Sunday for one last outing. And so we did. In fact ten of us spent several hours walking the rocky coastline at a couple of our favorite haunts. It was our 22nd club field trip of the year, and probably our last.
Classifying Geologists (and Rock Hounds)
Everyone likes to classify things: by shape, by color, by cost, by size. You name something to sort by, and someone is busy classifying with it. So, it should be no surprise that geologists get classified. And perhaps the first way they get labeled is as either a soft rock geologist or a hard rock geologist. No, it has nothing to do with the character of their head (although some might disagree) and it has nothing to do with their taste in music. Rather it relates to the type of rocks they study.
December Birthstone: Zircon, Tanzanite, and Turquoise
December is a month when many things are overdone. Stores are open 26 hours per day, sales offer discounts on discounts (or so they claim), foods have more calories and portions are larger, etc. With all these other excesses, I suppose it should then be no surprise that December would outdo all other months by having three official birthstones. Zircon, turquoise, and tanzanite are all recognized birthstones for the final month of the year. I guess we had better get started.
Geology of Curling Stones
A long time ago, long before Canada was a nation, back in the early 16th century, a few energetic Scotsmen decided to slide stones on a frozen river at a fixed target as a form of competition. The sport of curling was born. After all one cannot golf in the winter! Who knew that the game would become such a favorite halfway around the world some 400 years later.
Napoleon Quarry, Indiana
In mid-September, Bill Lesniak and I ventured a couple states west and south on a Buffalo Geological Society four-day fossil trip led by Jerry Bastedo. Our first quarry stop on a pleasant sunny Friday morning was in southeast Indiana at the Napoleon Quarry in Ripley County. It was a great site, but for me it might have been all that much better had I done a little research before the trip. But better late than never and here is what I have since learned.
Walworth Quarry Open House
Seavey Road Quarry
Wayne County Gem and Mineral Club's September Adirondack field trip was another great success. Seven spots in 4 days with the Saturday AM visit to Benson Mines in Star Lake attracting the most collectors. 33 folks convened and enjoyed a morning collecting in the dumps of the open-pit iron mine just outside town. Five of the other sites visited were repeats for the club (Rose Road, Benson Mines, Talcville, Valentine Mine, Fine roadcut, and Moose River). However, we had never been to the Seavey Road marble quarry north of Gouverneur. Thanks to Ken St. John, who had visited earlier with a small group of fluorescent mineral collectors, and to quarry owner Kevin Dibble, we were able to spend three hours in the large, and very white, quarry. As a new site for us, the Seavey Road location deserves a review.
October birthstone – Opal
October is another month with two official birthstones. If you are partial to wondrously terminated hard crystalline faceted gemstones, perhaps tourmaline would be your preferred choice. But, if you like the rainbow play of colors offered by opal, then stones cut to display the remarkable lustrous character of precious opal may touch your fancy. Since I've already written about tourmaline, let's focus on opal in this birthstone review.
Mushrooms on Stamps
Blind Trilobites
I have trouble finding one lone whole trilobite when I go out collecting in the Devonian of New York. And then along comes this note from central Poland where researcher Blazej Blazejowski reports that the eyeless trilobite Trimerocephalus chopini can be found preserved in trains with head to tail (or in trilobite lingo with cephalon to pygidium). He infers that the queues actually represent migratory chains as the ancient arthropods marched across the seafloor, perhaps in an unsuccessful effort to escape near and present danger.
Wouldn't it be neat to find a queue of arthropods after splitting some Hamilton Group shales? Or maybe there was no reason for New York trilobites to migrate? Perhaps life was just too good to move?
Blazejowski, B., et. al., 2016 Ancient animal migration: a case study of eyeless dimorphic Devonian trilobites from Poland, Palaeontology, V. 59, p. 743-751.
When Rocks Move
So how would you like to wake up one morning and wonder how such a big rock got into your garden?


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Comment on the sub-division of the novel Hard Times into sowing, reaping and garnering.
1 Answer | Add Yours
This is a great question because it draws attention to the way that the very structure of the novel into three separate books helps to create and develop one of the central conflicts in the novel - the conflict between natural time (characterised in the passing of the seasons) and man-made time.
Consider how in Coketown and in Gradgrind's house, time is severely mechanised and controlled. Time is presented as something that is monotonous, relentless and regular, seen as an extension of man's desire to control life. Consider how Gradgrind has a "deadly statistical clock" in his office. Yet, as you have noted, the natural passing of time as summarised by the seasons and the processes of planting and harvesting are referred to through the naming of the separate books. Likewise, the narrator notes that even in Coketown the seasons still change. Dickens seems to build and develop this conflict to reinforce his central theme of the impact of the mechanisation of human existence. The variety of the seasons result in different landscapes and different jobs in agricultural terms, but in Coketown, industrialisation has replaced this with incessant, regular, predictable and unchanging toil.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Mumbai, Jan 29 (UNI) The devotees of the Siddhivinayak Ganapati temple at Prabhadevi will not be able to have 'Darshan' of the idol from the 'Gabhara' from January 30 to February 3, CEO of the temple trust H B Jagtap informed here today.
Mr Jagtap stated in a release that the 'Darshan' from the 'Gabhara' was being closed for five days due to the besmearing with red vermilion of the idol.
However, devotees will be able to take 'Darshan' of the 'Pratimurti' during this period. The temple will reopen at 1300 hrs on February 4, the release added.


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Whenever I post and I add a URL it doesn't come up as a clickable link. How do I make it clickable?
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A/N Quite short, this came upon me at three in the morning. It is kind of pointless, but I am nonetheless rather fond of it. I would like constructive criticism very much, although I certainly wouldn't object to shameless gushing either.
iii i i ii ii i i
i ii i ii i ii i
"I still say it could do with more of a jazz feel."
She rolled her eyes fondly. "You think everything could use more of a jazz feel. If Mozart played for you you would complain that he was too structured." He grumbled in an absent way, and she added slyly: "I still don't see how you don't go crazy with the same introductory song every day."
"Same way I am not driven insane by the same unstructured teenagers every day."
"How's that?"
"Short attention span and a good imagination."
Maybelle laughed delightedly and he grinned up at her. (it was clearly unexpected; it was his crooked unpracticed natural smile instead of the one for the cameras.) "I've been meaning to ask you, Mr. Collins; how is Link working out?"
He shrugged, pushing his reading glasses back up his nose. "Quite well. Lot of talent...and pretty good work ethic when driven to have one."
"And the..." she twirled a finger vaguely in the air-- "other thing?"
"Still unnervingly respectful to me, yes."
"Honey, the day will come when you will think wistfully of these glorious times when that boy listened to you."
They had just got stuck back into the score when there was an unpleasant interruption.
Velma von Tussle.
The exchange was brief, and entirely lacking in wit and substance--at least on Velma's side. Suffice to say that quiet venom was released, Motormouth Maybelle was enturely serene, and Corny Collins was either totally absorbed in his work or just simply ignoring the exchange.
Maybelle looked after the departing manager calmly. "Do you know, I don't think she likes me."
"It's because she's jealous of your beauty, talent, and ability to hold a man's attention when she can't," he said around the pencil in his mouth.
"Not used to holding anybody's attention 'round here in a way she'd envy."
He blinked up at her like a myopic owl, his dark hair awry where he'd distractedly ran his hands through it. "Ms. Stubbs, if you don't fit a man's standards of what is appropriate or beautiful, he will adjust his standards--if he has any kind of sense at all."
Apparently not needing a response to this simple bit of common sense, he bent back over the pages, and Maybelle smiled gently at him, feeling a little misty. Any man could flirt, and he was better than most; but before his childlike flashes of utter sincerity she was increasingly helpless.
Best not to let him know. Corny Collins was persistent, and he tended to get the things he devoted his considerable energy too--if he decided to secure her affections, for whatever reason, she might be in trouble.
But then again, she was stubborn too.
"And do you have any kind of sense at all?" she asked lightly.
He pulled off his glasses and grinned. "Enough to know that I'd be silly to claim my standards ever needed adjusting."
"Very smooth," she approved.
"Glad you like." The ridiculous man's inability to stay still held true, and she suppressed an affectionate sigh as the earpiece of his glasses found its way into his mouth. "Although you do have a way of fooling with a man's perspectives, Maybelle."
"Yep. I escorted a lady to her car the other day. Tiny little thing, delicate as a flower." He waved his glasses demonstratively. "When I took her arm, I sincerely thought she was going to break. It was more unsettling than the kids' hero worship."
"Thanks." I think, she considered adding, but decided against it. He deserved to wrap up a conversation uncontested every now and again.


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Refund Policy
Snappy Tomato Pizza strives to provide the very best in food quality and customer service. If however you feel we fell short of our goal and feel a refund is in order, please review the following policy.
For the quickest resolution concerning a refund request, contact the store directly. If you need further assistance, submit a comment. Please know that this option will take longer to process. If you choose it, please be sure to fill out the information as accurately and completely as possible.
Please DO NOT include your credit card information on any electronic correspondence with Snappy Tomato Pizza.
If a refund is granted and a credit card is involved, the store will ask [via telephone call] for the credit card number on which the order was placed. Rules governing credit card use that are in place for your saftey prevent us from storing credit card information. This is why we must ask for your credit card information when processing a refund.


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Teachers enjoy working with our trained interpreters who offer living history characters, guided tours, and other programs that bring the state-mandated curriculum strands alive.
With advance notice to the park, researchers can be accommodated at most parks and museums. Regional research facilities that are branches of the Arkansas History Commission are located on the grounds of Historic Washington State Park and Powhatan Historic State Park. These research facilities are:
Historic Washington State Park - The Southwest Arkansas Regional Archives (SARA) maintains a research facility at Historic Washington State Park. SARA was founded in 1978 as a project of the Hempstead County Historical Society with assistance from the Arkansas History Commission, Historic Washington State Park, and the Pioneer Washington Restoration Foundation. SARA actively collects and documents life in 12 counties of southwest Arkansas.
Powhatan Historic State Park - The Northeast Arkansas Regional Archives (NEARA) collects, preserves, and makes available source materials pertaining to the history of northeast Arkansas and its people. Holdings include traditional archival material such as letters, diaries, maps, photographs, newspapers, and broadsides. Books, periodicals, and other print resources create a general Arkansas history reference library. The core of NEARA's initial holdings includes approximately 500 cubic feet of Lawrence County government records, donated by the Lawrence County Historical Society. These county records are among Arkansas's earliest documentary resources. Records from numerous counties in the region are available on microfilm. As the "Mother of Counties," Lawrence County was established in 1815, prior to the creation of the Arkansas Territory (1819). The county encompassed most of north Arkansas, and was later subdivided into more than 30 modern counties in both Arkansas and Missouri.
Arkansas's state parks and museums are resources for teachers and students. State parks are the most-used "non-traditional classroom" in Arkansas. Here, students begin to realize that their world in Arkansas is just as important as places they read about in textbooks. And, teachers enjoy working with our trained interpreters and educators who strive to base programming in the frameworks and strands of mandated state curricula. Numerous parks and museums offer teacher in-service workshops throughout the year, many for "continuing education" credit.
Whether students participate in hands-on science experiments or encounter living history characters while standing where history actually happened, Arkansas state parks offer memorable experiences for children of all ages. For further information about educational trips to state parks, visit www.ArkansasStateParks.com/education/.
Historic Homes & Buildings -
Historic Towns -
Museums -
Civil War -
Civilian Conservation Corps -
Trail of Tears
Archeology -
National Register & Landmarks -
Ozark Folk Center -
Historic Trees -
Research Links
Site Map -
Division of State Parks, Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism
One Capitol Mall
Little Rock, Arkansas 72201
Visit Our Other Arkansas State Parks & Tourism Websites
Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism. All rights reserved.
Aristotle Web Design Services


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COLLEGE PARK, Md. -- Maryland head coach D.J. Durkin addressed the media after practice March 29. He talked about the offensive line and how Brendan Moore is standing out, the progress Damian Prince and Derwin Gray have made, the various position battles and more.
See what else Durkin had to say in the video above:


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Supervisor, Construction (5th Ave Brklyn)Apply Now Date posted 03/14/2017 Requisition Number: 185153BR Location: United States - New York - Brooklyn Area of Interest: Engineering/Technical Operations, Telecommunications Position Type: Full Time
The Construction Supervisor will ensure all field operations are carried out safely, on schedule, within quality standards and within budget.
- Supervises Construction Coordinators and Survey Staff. Use strong leadership skills to effectively manage, train, mentor and coach direct reports to meet goals and expectations. Create a culture of teamwork and demonstrates the value of teamwork through his/her actions.
- Work with Senior Leadership team to rebuild Survey methods and techniques for Pre-field, Walk Out Validation, FTTH overlay and package creation using Visio, Microsoft Word, Excel platforms (including roll out for training).
- Responsible for compliance on all daily, weekly and monthly reporting (i.e. DOCK, Salesforce, Tech Logs, Work Assure, etc.).
- Assist in preparation of monthly budget and analysis of yearly budget.
- Develop and maintain reports on Construction activity and keep leadership informed of progress on a regular basis.
- Develop and maintain positive working relationships with vendors, contractors, utility companies and public officials.
- Coordinates new builds and rebuilds for compliance with Department of Transportation standards (DOT) and wide area networks (WANs).
- Reviews project proposals or plans to determine time frame, funding limitations, action plans and procedures, staffing requirements and allotment of available resources to various phases of project.
- Prioritize projects to best meet business needs.
- Establishes work plan and staffing for each phase of project. Assigns duties and responsibilities.
- Confers with project personnel to provide technical advice and to resolve problems.
- Supervises activities of project personnel to ensure timely completion and that project remains within prescribed budget.
- Inspect work performed by Charter staff and contractors to ensure compliance with Charter quality requirements and specifications.
- Coordinates project activities, ensuring compliance with all relevant governmental and regulatory agencies. Ensures compliance with all safety regulations and requirements, including but not limited to OSHA rules.
· Computer proficiency and advanced skills in Access, Word, Excel, Visio, MS Project, MS PowerPoint and other required systems.
· Knowledge of project management, project budgeting, and project feasibility and analysis is required.
· Must have knowledge and understanding of CATV design, manual drawings, blueprints and building materials.
· Must have a valid state driver's license and a safe driving record.
· Ability to read and interpret maps and blueprints.
· Knowledge of specifications plans and project estimates.
· Ability to create clear and concise reports, analyze those reports and provide recommendations.
· Excellent written and verbal communication skills. Requires ability to communicate effectively, tactfully and courteously with all clients, vendors, the general public and employees.
· Strong analytical skills.
· Ability to operate with minimal direction and manage several projects simultaneously.
· Must be able to complete construction projects under scheduled deadlines with a high level of accuracy.
· Associates degree; or equivalent experience and education. Preferred degree in Computer Science, or EE, EET.
· One to three years leadership experience.
· Minimum 3 yrs. construction experience or related technical field within the telecommunications industry.
May require daily travel to network equipment sites in the area. Possible overnight travel to remote locations with the Region, as needed. Possible overnight travel out of area for training
More on Spectrum: Charter Communications reaffirms its commitment to providing equal opportunities for employment and advancement to qualified employees and applicants. Individuals will be considered for positions for which they meet the minimum qualifications and are able to perform without regard to race, color, gender, age, religion, disability, national origin, veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity, current unemployment status, or any other basis protected by federal, state or local laws. Charter Communications is an Equal Opportunity Employer - Minority/Female/Disability/Veteran/Current Unemployment Status.
Spectrum is an Equal Opportunity Employer - Minority/Female/Disability/Veteran/Current Unemployment Status.
A Day in the Life
Curious about a typical day as a Spectrum employee? Check out these stories of how our people spend their day. Hear stories and watch original video featuring members of our team.Go


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About Us
Surrey Arms is funky upmarket high street Pub, with a lovely cocktails range. You can Drink Dine and Dance all under one roof.
We have a range of events and offers during the week; ranging from Crafty Monday, 2-4-1 pizza & quiz Thursdays to a DJ at the weekend till 2am. Our team of Bar Staff are trained in a range of Cocktails (We offer 2for1 on Cocktails Monday to Thursday 5pm till 8pm, all day/night Friday) and have a wide knowledge about Ales, Lagers, Wines and much more.
We have a function room which can be hired out for meetings, birthdays, kids parties and much more. We have different packages available for food and drinks which include the hire price
We also try and source locally produced Ales, for example using Breweries such as Hogs Back near Guildford and Upham near Basingstoke.
We take pride in our service and try our best to exceed expectations.
Book with us today!
Organising a special occasion? Whatever you need, just let us know. Book today.More
Pub Details
Tel: 01276 691045
Email: Email Us
AddressSurrey Arms, 71-73 High Street, Camberley, Surrey, GU15 3RB
Opening Hours
1000 - 2300 || Monday
1000 - 2300 || Tuesday
1000 - 0000 || Wednesday
1000 - 2300 || Thursday
1000 - 0200 || Friday
1000 - 0200 || Saturday
1100 - 2200 || Sunday


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Setting up Exchange to Send Internet Email out through C150
Unanswered Question
User Badges:
I need to verify the way to configure Ironport to take the Mail sent from exchange and then send out of company network..
Do I need any relays??
I have an Exchager server (2007) and I am needing to Route my Internet Email from Exchange thru Ironport and out to Internet Destination?? Does anything need to be done on Ironport or does the Smartconnector on Exchange the only thing to configure?
I have this problem too.
0 votes


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linux oscilloscope4 links
Manufacturers : Test Equipment : Oscilloscope
- BitScopes Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes
- Robust and affordable PC based mixed signal oscilloscopes for Windows, Linux and Mac. Isolated USB or networked connection to one or more PCs. Data acquisition, waveform generation and multi-user options available.
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- xoscope for Linux
- xoscope (or oscope) is a digital oscilloscope for Linux
[ Hits: 625 | Votes: 1 | Rating: 2.00 ]
- Baudline signal analyzer
- A Linux based FFT spectrum analyzer designed for time-frequency browsing and scientific data visualization. Oscilloscope waveform, statistical histogram, accumulated spectral trace,Weak Signal reception, continuos data logging, FFT Analyzer and specialized measurement windows.
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- Digital Oscilloscope and analyzer software
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Last week, Politico writer Michelle Cottle (intentionally?) created a bit of a shitstorm with her ridiculous article "Leaning Out: How Michelle Obama Became a Feminist Nightmare," in which she dismissed the First Lady's efforts and campaigns during her husband's time in office as "soothingly domestic causes" that somehow have let down her entire sex.
The internet — including the feminist media — responded with a resounding "Shut up, Michelle Cottle," but no argument has been quite as complete and succinct as the one delivered by true feminist hero Melissa Harris-Perry during the "Open Letters" segment of her MSNBC show this Sunday.


text:
Traditional NY pizza has come to Staten Island,
courtesy of Salvatore of Soho.
Master pizza maker Salvatore Ganci perfected his skills in the art of pizza making during his years at the legendary Lombardi's, entering the ranks of the most renowned coal fired pizza chefs in the world.
Salvatore of Soho has installed a custom built brick coal fired oven which reaches the extremely high temperatures crucial to achieving the perfect crust. When this oven is used effectively by pizza artisans like Salvatore Ganci, the pizza cooks quickly until the crust achieves the proper degree of smoked crispness that pizza lovers have come to expect.
At Salvatore of Soho we make our mozzarella fresh daily with curd we buy from local dairy farms. And many of the herbs and spices used in our recipes are grown on our organic farm in Upstate New York. We use only San Marzano tomatoes and first cold pressed olive oil as well.


text:
As Chile counted the fast-escalating human and physical cost of the one of the biggest earthquakes in recorded history, the country's President, Michelle Bachelet, last night announced that the death toll had leapt to 708.
The 8.8-magnitude earthquake, which triggered tsunami warnings throughout the entire Pacific Basin, struck in the early hours of Saturday. The increase in the death toll came as officials revealed as many as 300 people had perished in the small coastal town of Constitucion alone.
President Bachelet called for international help and said the country faced "a catastrophe of such unthinkable magnitude that it will require a giant effort" to recover.
She said she was sending the army into the worst-affected areas as reports came in of residents looting supermarkets, shops, banks and petrol stations. Soldiers will assist local police, who earlier turned looters away with tear gas and water cannon. A night curfew was imposed in the Biobio and Maule regions to counter further possible street unrest.
Government officials worried that as many as 2 million people had been affected or displaced as a result of the catastrophes. Hundreds of thousands of people are still struggling to find shelter, food and drinking water.
While life was returning gradually to something close to normality in Santiago, the capital, reports from cities such as Constitucion and the much larger city of Concepcion revealed widespread damage to buildings, roads and bridges.
Mrs Bachelet said that among the items her country would willingly accept from donors were temporary bridges, field hospitals and water-purification units.
In Concepcion, the closest large metropolis to the epicentre of the quake, rescue workers toiled with jackhammers and small bulldozers to pull residents out of a recently completed 15-storey apartment block that had toppled onto its back. Officials said as many as 80 people remained trapped in the wreckage; 25 people escaped, and four bodies had been taken out.
Most of Chile remained gripped by the drama of freeing the residents of an apartment tower, which fell the moment the earthquake struck. Paulo Klein, leading a group of rescue specialists from the port city of Puerto Montt, said: "It's very difficult working in the dark with aftershocks, and inside it's complicated. The apartments are totally destroyed. You have to work with great caution."
Rosa Molina, 67, said she and her family spent Saturday night outdoors, huddled on the patio of her home in the village of Portozuelo, about 30 miles from the coast. Recalling the moment of the earthquake, she said: "I got out of bed and was immediately knocked to the ground by the shaking. My grandson came and helped me down the stairs and out of the house." She has not dared go back inside, as aftershocks continue to rattle the region.
Mrs Molina said around 60 houses were completely destroyed in her village, and such basics as water and bread were being sold at prices at least four times higher than normal. Ruptured power and water lines as well as impassable roads and bridges spelled days of worsening conditions for survivors in some areas.
The country's main airport began to accept international flights operated by Chile's LAN Airlines. Most of the serious damage in Santiago was visible on older buildings, including churches and the main university. Newer structures, built to stricter anti-seismic codes, suffered mostly cracks and broken windows only.
There was, however, some relief as the tsunami warning for the entire Pacific Basin was lifted, with no major loss of life reported.
The alerts sent hundreds of thousands of people away from their shoreline homes in countries across the Pacific Ocean at the weekend. But even in those places where the danger had seemed elevated, including Hawaii and Japan, the waves, once they arrived, were relatively small and did little damage.
Hillary Clinton, the US Secretary State, is expected to fly into Santiago this evening to meet Mrs Bachelet. Officials said Mrs Clinton would reiterate the US's offer of aid.
- More about:
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text:
Novel vs clinical organ preservation solutions: improved cardiac mitochondrial protection
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-017-0564-x
© The Author(s). 2017
Received: 9 August 2016
Accepted: 19 January 2017
Published: 26 January 2017
Heart transplantation remains the gold standard for end-stage heart failure, with current ex vivo organ storage times limited to 4 to 6 h before critical tissue damage occurs. Many preservation solutions exist in an attempt to limit both ischemic and reperfusion damage. In order to compare the effects of various storage solutions, mitochondrial function can be used to provide a sensitive analysis of cellular metabolic function.
Experimental plates were seeded with cardiac myoblasts and kept in suspended animation for either 4 or 8 h at either 4o or 21 °C, in Celsior®, Perfadex®, or Somah storage solutions. Cells were then reanimated for 1 h at 37 °C to simulate a reperfusion or clinical transplant scenario. Cellular bioenergetics were measured immediately thereafter to examine biochemical differences between preservation solutions and their effectiveness on preserving metabolic function.
The oxygen consumption rates of Somah solution were significantly higher than Celsior® and Perfadex® at 4 °C, with the exception of Perfadex® at 4o for 4 h. This effect was sustained up to 8 h. At 21 °C, oxygen consumption rates of Somah solution are significantly higher than Celsior® and Perfadex® at basal conditions after 4 h, but this effect is not sustained after 8 h.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the efficacy of various preservation solutions on a mitochondrial level. The significantly higher oxygen consumption rates of Somah at 4 °C suggests that Somah solution may have the ability to protect cellular mitochondrial integrity, improve transplanted organ function by reducing ischemic-reperfusion injury, and thereby improve transplant outcomes. Given that Somah offers benefits over Celsior® and Perfadex® at 4 °C, it should be a target in future organ preservation solution research.
KeywordsOrgan preservation solution Cardiac myoblasts Mitochondria Bioenergetics Somah Celsior Perfadex
The gold standard for patients suffering from end-stage heart failure remains heart transplantation. With the number of patients requiring transplants growing and the available organs remaining constant, there is a need for improved donor organ and graft preservation methods to extend the life of donor organs [1]. Conserving organ viability outside of an organism can be accomplished by warm or cold storage, with or without perfusion. Currently, the standard approach in heart preservation is cold static storage, often supplemented by the use of preservation solutions [2]. These approaches have allowed for an ex vivo storage time of about 4–6 h before critical tissue damage occurs [3]. Preservation of organs for longer than 4–6 h results in increased ROS levels, ATP depletion, Na+/K+ ATPase alterations, mitochondrial disturbances, accumulation of xanthine oxidase, and dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis that will negatively effect cellular viability [2, 4]. Under normal physiological conditions, the heart utilizes ATP as energy for the Na+/K+ ATPase, both of which are required for sustained myocardial contractility. During ischemia, ATP levels decrease while intracellular H+ increases due to the shift from aerobic to anaerobic respiration via glycolysis and lactate production. ATPase pumps that maintain homeostasis become dysfunctional as the synthesis of ATP slows. Disruption of these ATPase pumps in the mitochondria can be measured experimentally through examining extracellular flux and mitochondrial respiration. In an attempt to avoid the negative effects of decreased ATPase pump efficacy, both the cold storage approach and utilization of storage solutions exists.
Comparison of organ preservation solutions
LactoB, mannitol
LactoB, mannitol
GSH, mannitol
GSH, mannitol
Osmolarity (mOsm/L)
SO4 2-0.8 dextran 40 g/L
2 mmol/L adenosine insulin 10 mg/ml 1 mmol abscorbic acid
In the present study, we sought to compare the biochemical differences between organ preservation solutions and their effectiveness on preserving cellular metabolic and mitochondrial function. Our protocol involves putting cells in suspended animation for 4 to 8 h at 4o or 21 °C, reanimating the cells over 1 h at 37 °C with regular media, and then immediately recording the bioenergetics thereafter. This study evaluates mitochondrial function under clinically relatable conditions, investigates mitochondrial safeguarding, and examines the bioenergetic state of cells after exposure to Celsior®, Perfadex®, and Somah storage solutions.
Microplate coating
Cell-Tak was purchased from Corning (Product #354240). Cell-Tak was prepared in a 2:1 ratio to 1 M NaOH. The wells of a 96-well Seahorse microplate (Seahorse Bioscience, North Billerica, MA) were coated with 40 μl Cell-Tak solution and the plate was allowed to dry at room temperature for 20 min. Following the drying period, wells were aspirated and washed twice with 1x DMEM. The coated microplates were stored at 4 °C and used within 72 h.
Preservation solution treatments
Rat embryonic myoblasts, H9C2s (ATCC® CRL1446™), were maintained at standard cell culture conditions in DMEM medium enriched with 10% FBS (Seradigm, Product # 1400-500), 5% L-glutamine (Corning, Lot # 25005289), and 1% Antibiotic-Antimicotic Solution (Sigma Aldrich, catalog # A5955).
H9C2s were seeded in the previously described Cell-Tak coated 96-well Seahorse microplates at 25,000 cells/well. The seeded microplates were incubated for 48 h at 37 °C before introducing experimental conditions to the cells. Each well was washed with 1X PBS (phosphate buffered saline) prior to the addition of 200 μl of experimental solution or control media. Experimental groups included Celsior® (Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ), Perfadex® (XVIVO Scientific Animation, Wethersfield, CT), Somah (Somahlution®, Jupiter, FL) solutions, 1X PBS, and standard H9C2 media. The microplates were then exposed to either 4 °C or 21 °C for 4-h and 8-h time points. The 10 experimental groups were named 4CEL, 21CEL, 4PER, 21PER, 4SOM, 21SOM, 4PBS, 21PBS, 4MED and 21MED to indicate the temperature condition and storage solution of each group: CEL = Celsior®, PER = Perfadex®, SOM = Somah, and MED = media. Each treatment group consisted of 12 wells and each microplate included all of the experimental groups. Each experimental condition was repeated twice using freshly made solutions and a separately started H9C2 cell line. After each experiment, supernatant from each group was collected and snap-frozen for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
Mitochondrial stress test
Immediately after administering the experimental treatments, mitochondrial respiration of H9C2 cells was assessed using XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Seahorse Biosciences, North Billerica, MA). Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were measured in the presence of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) driving substrates. After 3 basal measurements, 3 measurements each were taken after the addition of oligomycin, FCCP, and rotenone/antimycin A combination. These injected drugs block ATP synthase, uncouple the oxygen consumption from ATP synthesis, and block mitochondrial complexes I and III, respectively. Results were then used to calculate the respiratory control ratio (RCR) and coupling efficiency (CE), which were the primary outcome measurements along with basal respiration. RCR was calculated by the following equation: proton leak ÷ maximal respiration; and CE by the following equation: [(basal respiration – proton leak) ÷ (basal respiration)] * 100.
Statistical analysis
The data were analyzed as a split-plot design. A plate was considered a "whole plot" with treatments: time, temperature, and the time-temperature interaction. Each solution was considered the split-plot treatment with individual wells used as the experimental unit for a solution. Where there was a statistically significant (alpha = 0.05) effect of the solution, Tukey's HSD was used to compare all pairs of solutions for differences in mean response. Where there was a statistically significant interaction effect involving a solution, a slice was conducted to test the significance of drug at each level of time, temperature, and/or time-temperature combination and all pairs of solutions were tested for differences in mean response at each level of the time and/or temperature, again, using Tukey's HSD multiple comparison procedure. Initial analysis suggested non-constant variance among treatment combinations. Therefore, a weighted analysis was conducted using the inverse variance for each solution treatment-plate combination as the weight. All analyses were conducted using SAS PROC MIXED.
Hour experiments
Comparisons of different solutions are presented in Figs. 2 and 3, showing experiments conducted at 4C and 21C, respectively. H9C2 cells in 4SOM and 4PER both showed a higher mean basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) than cells treated with either 4CEL, without significant differences between 4SOM and 4PER. H9C2 cells in 21SOM solution showed a higher mean basal OCR than H9C2s in 21CEL or 21PER.
At the 4 h time point, 4SOM and 21SOM treated cells had a higher OCR than cells in 4MED and 21MED, respectively. 4SOM also had a higher coupling efficiency (CE) than 4CEL and 4PER, and 21SOM showed a higher CE than 21PER at 4 h. 4SOM showed a higher respiratory control rate (RCR) than both 4CEL and 4PER.
21MED showed decreased CE in comparison to 21SOM. 21MED had higher RCR values than all other solutions.
Hour experiments
Comparisons of different solutions are presented in Figs. 4 and 5, showing experiments conducted at 4C and 21C respectively. After 8 h, H9C2s in 4SOM had a higher basal OCR than cells in 4PER and 4CEL. The significant elevation in basal OCR seen in 21SOM during the 4 h experiment did not persist after 8 h.
4SOM had a higher CE than 4CEL; 21SOM had a higher CE than 21CEL and 21PER. 4SOM also showed this same RCR trend above 4CEL and 4PER. As seen in the 4 h experiments, 21MED had a lower CE than 21SOM. Finally, 21MED had a higher RCR than the other solutions, in accordance with the trend seen during 4 h experiments.
The goal of this study was to evaluate H9C2 cellular bioenergetics following a protocol designed to simulate cardiac transplantation by using clinically relatable temperatures and time points. To create this scenario, cells were submerged in Somah, Celsior®, or Perfadex® preservation solutions for 4 and 8 h either at room temperature (21 °C) or "on ice" (4 °C). Normal saline (phosphate buffered saline; PBS) without substrates was chosen as the negative control since the osmotic gradient of cells was expected to be preserved with cellular function steadily declining as endogenous energy stores were depleted. In contrast, normal H9C2 media acted as the positive control since this media is supplemented with the ideal growth substrates for this cell line at 37 °C.
While cultured primary cardiomyocytes are a valuable tool for studying the metabolic capacity of the heart, isolated cardiomyocytes can be fragile and difficult to maintain, especially under stress. As a result, the H9C2 cell line was chosen because these cells express multiple CYP genes comparable to the levels found in the human heart [9]. The role of these endogenous CYP metabolites has been shown to be important in the maintenance of cardiovascular health, and therefore offers an unique model for studying the metabolic activity of the heart [9].
It was hypothesized that the ideal preservation solution could create a state of suspended animation, in which cellular function and metabolism could be preserved for an extended period of time with the least amount of resultant metabolic dysfunction. Altered cellular metabolism is a more sensitive indicator of stress than some traditional outcome measures that may take time to accumulate and detect (e.g., DNA and protein analyses). The role of mitochondria in ischemic reperfusion injury during cardiac transplant is becoming increasingly evident [10]. Safeguarding mitochondrial bioenergetics could play a key role in improving transplant outcomes. Thus, to examine this endpoint, extracellular flux analyses were used to compare mitochondrial respiration of H9C2s after each treatment condition. Targeting various complexes and pathways in the mitochondria allowed us to identify any changes in substrate metabolism and mitochondrial (dys)function. Basal respiration was analyzed as a baseline bioenergetic measurement for each experimental condition. The basal respiration is often controlled by high ATP turnover, and in part dictated by substrate oxidation and proton leak [11]. This measure is therefore altered in response to ATP demand. Coupling efficiency and respiratory control ratios were analyzed since both parameters are ratios, and are therefore useful internal controls that are unaffected by differences in cell number. Additionally, changes in CE and RCR are good indicators of cellular and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Overall, Somah had a greater OCR than both treatment and control groups. This finding was statistically significant after 4 h at room temperature (21 °C) compared to Celsior® and Perfadex®. Compared to the control media, the OCR of Somah-treated H9C2s (4SOM and 21SOM) were increased compared to the control media (Figs. 2 and 3) at both 4o and 21 °C after 4 h of incubation. By 8 h, the media and the preservation solution conditions become similar and the significant trend diminishes. 4SOM had an increased OCR value compared to 4PER and 4CEL experimental groups, as well as 4MED and 4PBS controls. Also at the 8-h time point, 21PBS had a significantly lower OCR than the other treatment groups, while 21SOM, 21CEL and 21PBS have similar OCR values. As expected, PBS was overall the least-ideal solution since it has the lowest OCR. At 4 h under both temperature conditions, the differences between all solutions, and notably PBS, were not obvious. This is likely due to the resiliency of the H9C2 cell line, reiterating why this cell line is a good model for investigating metabolic activity and drug metabolism in the heart [9]. An aim for a future study may include longer time points such as 12 or 24 h, though organs stored for extended periods of time are not considered clinically viable.
The basal respiratory OCR of Somah-treated cells was greatest and allowed cells to maintain metabolism at a more consistent OCR through the 4-h time point (Figs. 2 and 4). In comparison, base media, Celsior®, and Perfadex® took up to 8 h to return to a higher OCR at 21 °C (Figs. 3 and 5). These same differences are even more pronounced at 4 °C, where 4CEL is found to have a lower OCR than both 4PER and 4SOM.
Coupling efficiency (CE) is defined as the proportion of mitochondrial respiratory rate used to drive ATP synthesis (e.g., perfectly coupled OXPHOS has a coupling efficiency of 100%) [12]. CE is calculated as the change in basal respiration rate with the addition of oligomycin, and is thus presented as the fraction of basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption used for ATP synthesis. Since it takes the basal respiration into account, the CE also varies with ATP demand and is most sensitive to changes in proton conductance. Since CE is a ratio of two rates, it is an internally normalized value and can indicate mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, both Somah and media treated cells have a high CE (90%), which shows that even though maximal respiration may be damaged (see RCR), the normal ATP turnover when compared to the leak of protons over the membrane has not changed. After both 4 and 8 h at 4 °C, the CE of H9C2s treated with either Somah or media was significantly higher than all other solutions (Figs. 2 and 4) and Celsior® and Perfadex® were not significantly different at either time point. The shorter time point of 4 h led to a higher CE in Somah over the other solutions. 4SOM is comparable to the media control condition, while at 21SOM the CE was significantly lower than compared to Celsior® and Perfadex®, yet the CE of media treated cells remained significantly higher than the other groups. This might be due to an increased proton leak or a decrease in ATP production. If caused by a rise in proton leak, there might be an increased production of superoxide anions and other ROS that cause tissue or organ damage. In previous research, Somah has shown to function best at 21 °C [8]. This is an interesting link to our significantly lowered CE result and should be the subject of future research. However, given the similarities between Somah and media treatments in the hypothermic conditions of this experiment, Somah is considered preferred at 4 °C, while media is favored at a warmer temperature.
The respiratory control ratio (RCR) is calculated as a ratio of the uncoupled rate of mitochondrial respiration to the rate with ATP synthase inhibited by oligomycin. The RCR is sensitive to changes in substrate oxidation and proton leak, which makes it sensitive overall to potential dysfunction [11]. One major benefit of the RCR as a measurement is that it is internally normalized, similar to CE. At 4 h, 4SOM results in a higher RCR than H9C2s treated with either 4CEL or 4PER, but has a similar RCR to media. Similar to the CE results, this change is attributable to either an increase in proton leak or a decrease in maximal ATP turnover, or a combination of both. Unlike the CE results, the RCR of Somah-treated cells remains significantly higher than all of the other solutions over the entire 8 h. 21MED also has a high RCR over both 4 and 8 h, with significance over all other treatment groups. As expected by 8 h, 21PBS has the lowest RCR of all groups. The experimental group most similar to the media-treated cells was the Somah-treated cells. While Somah best maintained a high RCR under hypothermic conditions, media maintained a high RCR at warmer room temperature conditions.
A notable limitation of the study is the limited number of storage solutions included in the comparison. As previously mentioned, there are numerous organ storage solutions currently available, and even more in development. Therefore, an aim in future studies includes incorporating more organ storage solutions into this experimental design, including UW solution, Custodiol, histidine tryptophan ketogluterate (HTK), and Collins storage solutions.
Another limitation was the use of non-human tissue for the measurement of bioenergetic values. While cardiomyocytes of multiple animal models closely resemble that of a human, it can still be difficult to draw solid conclusions regarding the clinical value of the findings presented. Even though this concern is valid, this study demonstrates a reliable and elegant method of measuring the bioenergetic profile of cardiac cells lines during storage in various solutions. Therefore, based on the methodology and experimental results, the results from this experiment can be extrapolated for translation to human tissue. It is important to establish non-human models since healthy human cardiac tissue is scarcely available. Despite these limitations as a clinical model, the results of this study suggest differences in metabolic preservation between the solutions, with Somah being the optimal preservation solution.
Additionally, the model explored in this study is limited by the fact that the cells are seeded in a monolayer, and not multi-layered as seen in an organ. The use of tissue biopsies has been very challenging, as the mitochondrial stress test performed in these assays is an extremely precise procedure, in which exact cell number are crucial when injecting different drugs in the wells of the assay plate.
Future studies to use multi-layer cardiac myoblast culture as well as creating micro-tissues by co-culture with fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes would provide key three-dimensional bioenergetic data. Currently, these culture techniques are being developed with collaborators, as extracellular flux analyzers currently do not provide consistent and homogenous data that is reportable for these types of cultures. The benefit, on the other hand, of a single layered model is that these assays provide very accurate results, without any interference of other processes. Thus, these monolayer experiments serve as the first confirmatory step that protecting cellular mitochondrial integrity of transplantable organs may lead to improved organ function, reduced IRI and better transplant outcomes.
These results suggest Somah solution sustains a higher and more consistent OCR when compared to both Celsior® and Perfadex® at 4 °C, and these effects can last from 4 h up to 8 h. These findings are additionally supported by current literature [8]. Given these results, Somah offers benefits over the solutions at 4 °C and should be a target in future organ preservation solution research.
Coupling efficiency
Histidine tryptophan ketogluterate
Ischemic reperfusion injury
Oxygen consumption rate
Phosphate buffered saline
Respiratory control rate
Reactive oxygen species
University of Wisconsin solution
The authors would like to thank Naing Bajaj for assistance with running extracellular flux assays.
This study was supported by the Polish-US Fulbright Commission during the time of the award.
Availability of data and materials
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its Additional file 1].
Authors' contributions
AF and AC performed the experiments and collected the data for this manuscript. AF, DS, AC, KM analyzed and interpreted the data, and were all major contributors in writing the manuscript. SK performed the statistical analysis of the dataset. AF, AC and ZK conceived of and planned the experiment. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
Authors AF, DS, AC, KM, SK, and ZK declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
- Colvin-Adams M, Smith JM, Heubner BM, Skeans MA, Edwards LB, Waller CD, Callahan ER, Snyder JJ, Israni AK, Kasiske BL. OPTN/SRTR 2013 Annual Data Report: heart. Am J Transplant. 2015;15 Suppl 2:1–28.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Bourge RC, Naftel DC, Costanzo-Nordin MR, Kirklin JK, Young JB, Kubo SH, Olivari MT, Kasper EK. Pretransplantation risk factors for death after heart transplantation: a multiinstitutional study. The Transplant Cardiologists Research Database Group. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993;12:549–62.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Schipper DA, Marsh KM, Ferng AS, Duncker DJ, Laman JD, Khalpey Z. The Critical Role of Bioenergetics in Donor Cardiac Allograft Preservation. J Cardiovasc Trans Res. 2016;9:176–83.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Belzer FO, Southard JH. Principles of solid-organ preservation by cold storage. Transplantation. 1988;45:673–6.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Talaei F. Limiting the side effects of organ preservation. Glob J Surg. 2013;1:31–36.Google Scholar
- Latchana N, Peck JR, Whitson B, Black SM. Preservation solutions for cardiac and pulmonary donor grafts: a review of the current literature. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6:1143–9.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Thatte HS, Rousou L, Hussaini BE, Lu X-G, Treanor PR, Khuri SF. Development and evaluation of a novel solution, Somah, for the procurement and preservation of beating and nonbeating donor hearts for transplantation. Circulation. 2009;120:1704–13.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Zordoky BNM, El-Kadi AOS. H9c2 cell line is a valuable in vitro model to study the drug metabolizing enzymes in the heart. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2007;56:317–22.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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Newfoundland ISA Outbreak24 December 2012
CANADA - Another outbreak of infectious salmon anemia discovered at a Newfoundland south coast aquaculture site. It has only been six months since the last outbreak of this serious disease was confirmed in Newfoundland.
Bill Taylor, President of the Atlantic Salmon Federation said: "This is unacceptable and, as we have said before, shows the industry's poor management, lack of emergency planning, and inadequate husbandry practices along with the government's poor oversight and lack of concern for threatened wild Atlantic salmon populations."
"The transfer of ISA, other diseases, and sea lice to wild and farmed salmon could all be eliminated with the use of land-based, closed containment aquaculture systems"' adds Mr Taylor.
ASF and the Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute, of Shepherdstown, WV, have proven the effectiveness of land-based aquaculture facilities, where salmon are produced without the use of vaccines, antibiotics, or harsh chemicals to control disease and sea lice. All water is recycled, and all wastes are captured. An added bonus is that these salmon cannot escape and breed with wild salmon, weakening the wild gene pool.
For now, 350,000 farmed fish at a Cooke Aquaculture site have been ordered destroyed by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency because of another ISA outbreak.
"This disease, other diseases, and sea lice will continue to plague the aquaculture industry, wild Atlantic salmon, and other marine species, as long as our governments continue to promote and allow the expansion of open net cage aquaculture in our bays," continues Mr Taylor.
To eliminate these problems in the future, the Atlantic Salmon Federation, along with other concerned conservation groups, is advocating that the Federal and Provincial governments stop the expansion of open-net pen aquaculture in all provinces and transition to land-based systems that are environmentally friendly.
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We wanted to explore a new Natural Area that had been dedicated in 2012. There were no trail maps, no directions explaining where to see the best spots. No GPS coordinates for waterfalls or cascades. Nothing saying, "then turn left … Continue reading
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Parish Government and Poor-Relief
A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 4, the City of Oxford
Parish Government and Poor-Relief PARISH GOVERNMENT AND POOR ... there was some cooperation between the city parishes in the major task of poor ... repeal of the Oxford Poor Law...View result
Hearth Tax: City of London 1662, Broad Street ward, St Stephens the Poor
London Hearth Tax: City of London, 1662
City of London 1662 Broad Street ward: St Stephens the Poor In the parish of St Peters the poore Title Forename Surname Total Hearths Listing ... Ives 9 s Phillipp Uptbanck 13 s 2 s The Dutch...View result
Charles II, 1660: An Act for the Regulating of the Trade of Bay makeing in the [Dutchy] Bay Hall in Colchester.
Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628-80
of the poore of the said Towne, and in case such Bay be the Bay of a Dutch Master ... Hall for the use and benefit of the poore of the said Dutch Congregation, ... Parl. 12. C....View result
East Indies, China and Japan: March 1621
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, 1617-1621
of the Ruby from Jacatra for Macassar. Movements of the English and Dutch ... of this on the part of the Dutch General. The Bandanese favourable to the English, ... benefit of the fruit of all the island,...View result
East Indies: August 1622
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 4, 1622-1624
it evidently appears to his Majesty's Lords Commissioners that the Dutch will ... of the treaty in the Indies, the Dutch have in hostile manner taken ... upon the best legal course to recover from the ...View result
East Indies: January 1622
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 4, 1622-1624
at this time of the treaty with the Dutch, though now the Company be poor. 1,000 ... The Dutch do not allow them any cocoa-nuts, and do not pay the poor Chinese ... and business...View result
East Indies: December 1623-January 1624
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 4, 1622-1624
? 361. Petition of Thomazin Powell, with 30 other poor distressed widows, ... of divers petitions and complaints against the Dutch for wrongs done ... quilts, ordered that he shall have them at 6 l. per quilt. An...View result


text:
Cent Bank Home Finance Limited recruitment invites an application form for Officers and Managers in Cent Bank. Candidates who eligible for the post as per eligibility of educational qualification .
Important dates :
Closing date of application: 24th June 2016
Name of the Post:
Officer – Legal
Assistant Manager – Legal
Assistant Manager
Manager – HR
Educational Qualification : Graduates and Post Graduates from recognized university. / PG degree OR PG Diploma in HR/Personnel Management/IR from recognized university./ Law Graduates from recognized university
Application fees : A non refundable application fees of Rs.500/- for Un-reserved (General) and Rs.50/- for SC/ST/OBC/PWD candidates payable by way of Demand Draft drawn on any Nationalized /Scheduled Bank favoring " Cent Bank Home Finance Limited " payable at Bhopal. The candidate must write his/her full name/post applied for on the reverse of the Demand Draft.
How to Apply :
Eligible candidates have to submit the application in the given format (Annexure –A). Last date of submission of the application is 24th June 2016. No application shall be entertained beyond the stipulated date. The application super scribing "Application for the post of Post Code ( )" must reach to:
Cent Bank Home Finance Limited
Registered Office
Central Bank of India
Building 9, Arera Hills
Mother Teressa Road
NOTE :- Age limit , Pay Scale & More then Information details now available from the Official website of Cent Bank Home Finance Limited or Check the link given below.
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The French Garageâ FuzzâRockers certainly have an unmistakable sound that is once again featured on their brandânew album.
The record starts off at full power and moves on to the wild and deep, fuzzy, catchy sound of these five Frenchmen.
It also includes a coverversion of the 60sâclassic "Love" (originally by THE BAD BOYS), "She Was Gone" by the
contemporary NOâTHINGS, who just released their debut album on SOUNDFLAT RECORDS, and the Norvinsinterpretation
of "Here I Am, Here I Always Am" (originally by CAPTAIN BEEFHEART), all with the usual added
Norvinsâtouchof course, like we know and love. The coverversions fit in perfectly with the otherwise selfâcomposed
smashers – the album is fast, intense, versatile and absolutely danceable!
This record, available as CD and LP, is a straight to the point Garagepunkâalbum from the first to the last song and
falls right into the tradition of fabulous Norvinsâhitârecords!
The French Garageâ
FuzzâRockers certainly have an unmistakable sound that is once again featured on their brandânew album.
The record starts off at full power and moves on to the wild and deep, fuzzy, catchy sound of these five Frenchmen.
It also includes a coverversion of the 60sâclassic "Love" (originally by THE BAD BOYS), "She Was Gone" by the
contemporary NOâTHINGS, who just released their debut album on SOUNDFLAT RECORDS, and the Norvinsinterpretation
of "Here I Am, Here I Always Am" (originally by CAPTAIN BEEFHEART), all with the usual added
Norvinsâtouchof course, like we know and love. The coverversions fit in perfectly with the otherwise selfâcomposed
smashers – the album is fast, intense, versatile and absolutely danceable!
This record, available as CD and LP, is a straight to the point Garagepunkâalbum from the first to the last song and
falls right into the tradition of fabulous Norvinsâhitârecords!
After THE STAGS, Wigan has a new musical gem to offer now: THE SHOOKâUPS! play finest ampedâup Garagerock
with a psychedelic influence in the manner of bands like THE MUSIC MACHINE or THE SEEDS. Anyone who's seen
them play live before will know how amazing and at the same time funny their shows are; a perfect sound paired
with some entertaining, eccentric and infectious dancefloor action! The band is made up of exâmembers of MOCO,
THE STAGS, DOKTOR COMBOVER and The V.C.s and released their debut 7'' on ROTOSONIC RECORDS in a very
limited edition. Their first LP BAD RECEPTION is now released on SOUNDFLAT RECORDS.
"Gimme Some SexâFIZZ" is arguably fair the motto of the STAGS from Wigan, Northwest England, the hometown of Northern
Soul, of pies and of Uncle Joe's Minballs. But not only the motto assured us of admitting this squad about their charmaing
singer Miss Topsy STAG to our small SOUNDFLAT RECORDSâfamily. This band convinces with their independent interpretation
of different music styles of the 60's era. Whether Sixties Garage, Beat, ModâInstros, R&B, R'N'R or Power Pop, you can find all
styles in the shakin'âgroovy sound of the STAGS. The STAGS are driven through the unique groovy sound of the Hammond
organ made by Reginald Steinway. Alone the way this instrument is played will bring every rear to shake, but is additionally
supported by Mr. Murdo Gloves (Bass), Kenny Roquette (Drums), Conway Castle (Gitarre) and Singer Topsy Stag. If you want to
describe the sound of the STAGS figuratively, you would possibly say: BANANA SPLITS meets THE MOHAWKS at WiganâBusâ
Station! The STAGS are probably musically inspired by artists like GEORGIE FAME, LULU, THE SONICS, JIMMY SMITH, SHOCKING
BLUE, YOUNG RASCALS, THE SHADOWS or THE EASYBEATS.
You can find several coversongs like e. g. the Boogalooâsoul song "HOT DOG" by THE FOUR SHELLS, the R&B MonsterâTrack
"CHICKEN NECKS" by DON & JUAN, the DancfloorâSmasher "CAN'T STOP THE WANT" von SANDY SARJEANT, or the French Yeâ
Ye classic "MOUSTACHE A PAPA" by ANNA BELL. Apart from the coverversions there are of course assâshaking, groovy self
composed songs with Hammondâsound too like e. g. "TEXAS CAVE SALAMANDER", "TREE FINGER" and "SEX FIZZ". With "DO
THE TON" the STAGS show their predilection for speed and 60's MotocrossâMachines. This subject acted as the template for
the brilliant cover artwork too!
After 2 single releases by ROTOSONIC RECORDS, which are not in stock by now, you can get their first longplayer by
SOUNDFLAT RECORDS! Shake your body, move your ass, it's STAGS time: "60's BeatâBashâBoogaloo, this ist the Stagâ
In July 1968 the legendary YARDBIRDS had disappeared, and singer / guitarist Keith Relf and
drummer Jim McCarthy found themselves in the short-lived folk duo TOGETHER. This project
formed the core of the Folkrock band RENAISSANCE. In addition, keyboardist John Hawken from
the Nashville Teens, bassist Louis Cennamo (formerly Jody Grind, The Herd) and Relf's sister Jane
Relf, who was responsible for singing and percussion.
Another "Yardbird", Paul Samwell-Smith, produced the debut album of the same name in 1969, and
Germany's leading music magazine SOUNDS discovered "melting beautiful classical passages",
which were associated with wonderful vocal harmonies and epic broad song structures. The same
spirit conjured the album "Illusion" produced by Relf himself the same year.
Despite great reviews and exciting concerts, Relf left the band in 1970, the sales figures of the two
albums were sobering and for the former "Yardbird" probably too poor. Keith Relf and Louis
Cennamo founded ARMAGGEDON, a new harder band project, the rest of the musicians founded
ILLUSION. Both projects were not particularly successful. On 14 May 1976, Keith Relf died of the
consequences of an electric shock.
The recordings of this album were made during the US tour of RENAISSANCE on 6 March 1970 in
the legendary Fillmore West in San Francisco. They are from the private archive of Jim McCarthy and
are therefore a bit rougher than expensive recorded live recordings of record companies. But it's direct
and charming documentaries of a great band from a great time when much was possible!
Limited edition of 1000 copies in 180 gram heavy-weight vinyl!
CINEMA is the current project of Jürgen "Pöngse" Krutzsch, who already was a well-known
Krautrock legend with his band TIBET in the Seventies. The project name fits, because the
titles of this album run like movies in the mind's eye of the listener.
Pöngse - supported by Brigitte Grafe and guitarist Benjamin Peiser - knows to take this
electronic soundtrack every cold and to create an incredibly groovy and trancy melange,
reminiscent in some moments of Pink Floyd, but also wakes associations with Tangerine
Dream, Vangelis, Mike Oldfield and Schiller. Each title tells you in advance what it is and
what musical elements are used. African, oriental and rock rhythms, with organs, choirs,
guitars - a plenty of synthesizers and sequencers.
For mastering ex-Grobschnitt musician EROC was actually responsible. The result is a
musical journey around the world through the digital sound world of the continents that is
A fine and entertaining journey at all! The perfect mental cinema!
In 1977, German prog legend STREETMARK recorded the second album "Eileen",
which became a "perfect synthesis of elements of electronic rock, classic, hard rock,
and radio and symphonic sound collages". It was the second collaboration with
Conny Plank, who was behind the mixing console for the final sound. "Eileen" was s
a huge step forward for STREETMARK but, despite the success, singer Wolfgang
Riechmann left the band to play his solo album "Wunderbar" also for Sky Records.
In 1995, German independent music legends Tom THE PERC Redecker and Emilio THE
HIDDEN GENTLEMAN Winschetti wrote the music for the production of Peter
Turrini's "Die Schlacht um Wien" (The Battle for Vienna)at the Staatstheater
Stuttgart. Director Günther Gerstner wanted to have the two in the next
project, a theater production of Rainald Goetz's work "Festung" (Fortress) in
Berlin. After the script came, Redecker started working and collected ideas.
He wrote the design of the title "Birth To The Day" alone on the synthesizer,
which was later to be developed in the studio with guest musicians. The five
tracks" Koto Funk "," Flesh & Blood Society "," Inhaler "," Heartbeat "and"
Dwarf "already existed as experimental industrial / punk versions and were
planned as the basis for new recordings , but unfortunately it was not,
because the whole project was canceled and the recordings disappeared in Tom`s
At the end of 2016, when researching in his archive, Redecker came across the
lost recording of "Birth To The Day" and the memory of the screened theater
project came back. Now it was the idea to publish these together with the five
other original ideas on CD.
In addition, "Head In The Air - Single Edit" and "Cuppa Mocha", which so far were only available on an out of print
vinyl single, were included in the tracklisting.
Sireena Records continues the tradition and presents Vol. 11 of the popular series "The Spirit of
Sireena". The CD includes contributions from the last 12 months. The label again offers a
uniquely diversified limited compilation at a very special price.
More variety is impossible!
Debut album by French Psychobilly Trio.
All brand new recordings all sell penned. Great 16 page booklet.


text:
Respected Australian Scientist Admits the "Feral Cat Problem" is the Fault of Humans
Dr. Guy Ballard is a research officer and lecturer. He supervises PhD students. He got his doctorate at The School of Environmental and Rural Science (ERS) at the University of New England (AU), New South Wales, Australia. Okay, he is … please continue reading


text:
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text:
The records will show that Swain, partnered by John Reid, passed the post a length in front of the Eclipse and Breeders' Cup winner Pilsudski, who had a length and a quarter in hand of last year's Arc victor Helissio. Singspiel, winner of the Canadian International, Japan, Dubai and Coronation Cups, was two and a half lengths fourth. It can be disappointing when a showdown does not go entirely with the script, but there was no fluke about Swain's victory under the conditions and if he was not the champion most were prepared to acknowledge, he is now the one whose colours must be lowered.
Two hours of heavy rain had softened the ground and meant that a premium would be put on stamina, and as the field turned into the straight Reid's decision to commit early was a brave one. But Swain was travelling sweetly, and had no knowledge that he carried the second colours of the Godolphin team and started at what in retrospect was an insulting 16-1 for a horse who has been placed in two Arcs. All he knew was that his job, once his jockey launched him past a fading Helissio was to go for home as long as he was asked and his legs could carry him over the stamina-sapping ground.
Pilsudski attacked courageously, and Helissio's class took him back past Singspiel in the final gruelling half-furlong after an odd stop-start ride from Cash Asmussen, but Swain put his handsome white-starred head down and found reserves enough.
Reid, who sat on Swain for the first time in the parade ring, was winning his second King George, having scored on Ile De Bourbon 19 years previously. The 41-year-old Ulsterman was full of praise for the handsome dark bay horse, saying: "There had been a good pace early, but I was still rolling as I followed Helissio into the straight, and when he cracked I had to go. But it was a long, long way to the winning post. I knew the others were too good to be far behind me, but Swain is a real fighter. He is a year older than most of the others, and battle-hardened, and his toughness came into play."
Helissio, who started 11-10 favourite, had come to Ascot with the reputation as France's best for many a decade, but any pre-race tactics to use Swain as a harrying domestique for the Sheikh Mohammed squad - Predappio in the Godolphin blue, and Singspiel and fifth-placed Shantou in the maroon and white were the others - were abandoned after the son of Nashwan sparkled in his final gallop.
"We had thought of sacrificing one of ours for the others, and he would have been the one," said the Godolphin racing manager Simon Crisford. "But when Sheikh Mohammed saw him work the other day he scotched that idea. It was an outstanding gallop and really buzzed up Sheikh Mohammed."
Swain had looked outstanding in the preliminaries, composed and collected, but Helissio - who has now been beaten twice away from his home country - seemed restive, and, according to Asmussen, failed to settle. A headstrong type, the colt took four lengths out of the field from the stalls but seemed to lose heart as the Texan sat against him and let Kingfisher Mill go past. He led again into the straight and though he could not quicken, and met some slight traffic problems in the straight, he was staying on again at the end. His trainer Elie Lellouche was philosophical. "The horse couldn't relax at all. He didn't like it. English races are too different from France. The pace is much more regular here and therefore they are harder races. It was hard for the horse, the way he was ridden, but I look forward to taking on the winner again."
The re-match will be in Paris in October, in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and, significantly, the bookmakers were unanimous in making the French colt, the winner last year, favourite for the double on his home turf. Pilsudski will be rested and then primed for the Longchamp contest. The Japan Cup could be an end-of-season target.
"It was a race for men," said his trainer Michael Stoute. "They were both very brave and they have run their hearts out. Pilsudski will now have a break and be prepared for the Arc. As for Singspiel, we'll have to discuss his programme now. Hopefully he'll finish up in the Breeders' Cup."
Plans to run Swain, who was trained in France until joining the Sheikh's Dubai-based team last autumn, in North America have now been abandoned. Crisford said: "We were going to use this race as a springboard to the States, but now he has won against the best horses in the world - and I thought John gave him a superlative ride, though the final two furlongs seemed to last forever - he will have an Arc campaign. He loves soft ground and is very genuine. He had been under-rated by all of us, but he has now proved he is one of the greats."
How they finished
1. SWAIN J Reid 16-1
2. Pilsudski M J Kinane 6-1
3. Helissio C Asmussen 11-10 fav.
Also ran: 4-1 Singspiel (4th), 8-1 Kingfisher Mill, 12-1 Predappio, 16- 1 Shantou (5th), 66-1 Strategic Choice (6th).
8 ran. 1, 11/4, 21/2, 4, 5. (Winner trained by Saeed bin Suroor at Newmarket). Tote: pounds 12.00; pounds 3.90, pounds 2.70, pounds 1.00. DF: pounds 46.10. CSF: pounds 97.45.
- More about:
- Breeders' Cup
- Horse-Riding
- Horses
- The Royal Family


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Late rally gives Amory 1-0 series lead
The Bulldogs knew what they were up against, and for six innings, matched well with Amory and their ace pitcher, Will Cox. The Panthers eventually broke away in the seventh, scoring the lone run of the game to give them a 1-0 advantage in the third round series with a 1-0 win.
"That was a well-played game that neither team deserved to lose, really and truly," NAHS head coach John Walker said. "Both pitchers were phenomenal. We got the pitches we needed out of Tyler (Basil) and he gave us a chance to win. They made a couple plays and that was the difference in the ball game."
Basil pitched six innings, getting the 'Dawgs out of several tough jams, the biggest in the sixth inning. The senior loaded the bases on two walks and a single with no outs, then struck out two and the defense made a play at home plate to keep the game scoreless. Basil finished with eight strikeouts, allowing four hits.
"I think you saw a different guy tonight, the one that was very similar to last year," Walker said. "He was really, really good, and he had three pitches working for him. He was kind of shaky in the beginning, but in those middle innings, he was phenomenal. He gave us a chance to win."
Amory opened the seventh placing two on base off an error and walk, and at that point, Basil was replaced by Easton Hall for the remainder of the game. After choosing to intentionally walk John Randle to load the bases, Chandler Riggs brought in the game-winning run with his single.
Offensively, the Bulldogs' were stifled by Cox, as they we held to only three hits, two of which came in the first inning that placed a runner in scoring position. Cox pitched the complete game, finishing with 11 strikeouts.
"We've seen some really good arms this year, but what's great about him is that he has three pitches that he throws very well, and in high school you don't see a lot of tight sliders like that," Walker said. "We knew he had it, and there's not way you can prepare for it until you see it. He did a good job."
The Bulldogs now look to today's game two at home, and for Walker, the obvious choice on the mound will be Tyler Beaty, who helped give the 'Dawgs a game three win against Lewisburg on Monday.
"He's a seven inning, 100 pitch guy, and if we went with him tonight, that would put him with about 300 pitches in a week, and I didn't feel real good about doing that on short rest," Walker said. "I expect him to be pretty good tomorrow and give us a chance to win, and I expect it out of their guy, too. We're going to give them our best shot, and I think Tyler Beaty is our best shot."
Today's game is slated for a 1 p.m. start at Legion Field.
About Chris Elkins
- Suggs shackles the Bulldogs on one-hitter April 22, 2017
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- West Union takes game one of series in battle of Lady Eagles April 25, 2017
- Myrtle sweeps in Division 1-1A track meet April 27, 2017
- East Union girls take dominating win at 1-2A meet April 27, 2017
- Falcons take game one win despite not having best stuff April 28, 2017
- Hamilton ends Lady Hawks playoff run April 27, 2017
- New Albany track teams place seventh at regionals April 27, 2017
- East Union girls take dominating win at 1-2A meet April 27, 2017
- Myrtle sweeps in Division 1-1A track meet April 27, 2017
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