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This degree program is a combined Bachelor, Master, Doctorate, and PhD in Natural Medicine. This program is designed to provide the graduate a multi-dimensional model of Natural Medicine, implemented with the diverse modalities associated with the understanding of Quantum Physics:
The students will read, study, learn, and most importantly, clinically put into practice these many fundamental approaches. This in-depth education will allow the students to better integrate the foundation of modern medicine to a more multi-dimensional model of Natural Medicine.
PhD in Natural Medicine graduates qualify for the title of 'DNM – Doctor in Natural Medicine' certified by the BNMDP-NA – Board of Natural Medicine Doctors and Practitioners.
Doctorate in Alternative Medicine graduates qualify for the title of 'AMP – Alternative Medical Practitioner' certified by the AAMA – American Alternative Medical Association.
Bachelor in Holistic Health Sciences graduates qualify for the title of 'HHP – Holistic Health Practitioner' certified by the AADP – American Association of Drugless Practitioners.
IQ-101 – Biofeedback Practitioner Training
IM-200 – Auriculotherapy Training
IM-300 – Hypnotherapy Training
IM-303 – Neuro Linguistic Programming
IM-400 – Introduction to Aromatherapy
IM-701 – New Context for Medicine
IM-702 – New Quantum Biology for Medicine
IM-706 – Quantum Health Care Management
IQ-202 – Quantum Healing and Consciousness
IQ-300 – The Five Pillars of Health
IQ-400 – Quantum Taoist Medicine and Acupuncture
IQ-401 – Integrative Holistic Healthcare Course
IQ-500 – Quantum Homeopathy and Homotoxicology
IW-103 – Historical Survey and Foundations
IW-203 – Deontology and Professional Ethics
IW-303 – Human Anatomy and Physiology
IW-403 – Enzyme, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids
IW-404 – Orthomolecular Nutrition
IW-711 – Introduction to Psychology I
IW-715 – Body Chemistry & Nutrition
IW-722 – Interpersonal Communications
IB-702 – Practicum Workshop II
IB-801 – Clinical Internship or Mentorship
ID-900 – Dissertation Methodology
ID-901 – Dissertation Research Project I
ID-902 – Dissertation Research Project II
ID-903 – PhD Dissertation Research Project
WONM – World Organization of Natural Medicine
BNMD – Board of Natural Medicine Doctors & Practitioners
AAMA – American Alternative Medical Association
The title of 'Doctor' or 'Dr' creates confusion in states and provinces, where the practice of naturopathy is regulated or where the designation 'Doctor' or 'Dr' is protected by professional boards or the government. In advertising, a practitioner should have a PhD Degree in order to professionally use the appellation 'Doctor' or 'Dr' and must state their level of education such as "John Smith, DNM, PhD, Doctorate in Natural Medicine".
Interested in an exciting career, fill out the form, contact us toll-free at 877 888 8970 or email email@example.com


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On a sunshine-and-showers morning, Hartley and his lieutenant Richard Stemp rewrote the script for the match. This had Yorkshire, nine wickets down and hopelessly adrift on Friday evening, bundled back in to bat and losers by an innings by nightfall. Hartley, starting on 34 not out, begged to differ.
Always watchful and often commanding, particularly against David Follett, whose five Friday wickets became ever more expensive as he failed to find a threatening full length, Hartley played the lead role in the first hundred partnership for a last wicket at Lord's since 1981.
Although Yorkshire were still short of the follow-on figure when Stemp spooned the ball back to the seamer Ricky Fay, 98 minutes had gone by and the gap had narrowed enough to persuade Mike Gatting, nursing a sore back, to bat again in search of a declaration.
Hartley was immediately back on duty for a single over before putting in a longer afternoon stint. But while Darren Gough bowled cheaply without penetration, it was Chris Silverwood, 21, looking as brisk as anyone this season, who continued the disruption of the home side's plans. His skipper David Byas only asked him for five overs, but he sheared away the top of the Middlesex order. He is fast and correct, can bat a bit, and could soon cause the sort of stir that Gough aroused three years ago.
Retrenchment was now necessary and Ramprakash laboured 23 balls before finding a run. He then saw two more wickets fall, this time to the persevering Stemp, pitching his slow left-arm into the leg-side rough. But in late afternoon Ramprakash and Keith Brown, coming in to bat almost an hour after his partner but equalling his score, enabled Middlesex to revert to Plan B and put Yorkshire back in with a tricky 30 minutes remaining.
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text: A rapid and robust selection procedure for generating drug-selectable marker-free recombinant malaria parasitesGiulia Manzoni, Sylvie Briquet, +7 authors Olivier SilvieScientific reports2014Experimental genetics have been widely used to explore the biology of the malaria parasites. The rodent parasites Plasmodium berghei and less frequently P. yoelii are commonly utilised, as their complete life cycle can be reproduced in the laboratory and because they are genetically tractable via homologous recombination. However, due to the limited number… (More)


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Donald Trump, the property tycoon who is considering entering the race to be president of the United States, has proposed new defences against the threat of biological attack by terrorists.
Donald Trump, the property tycoon who is considering entering the race to be president of the United States, has proposed new defences against the threat of biological attack by terrorists.
He believes antibiotics should be stockpiled in big cities and sensors should be developed to give early warning of biological devices. He even floated the idea of a new lottery game to finance a counter-terrorism spy network.
"I bet if I started a national defence lottery, with money earmarked for preventing terrorism against US cities, we would take in enough money to hire and train every spy on earth and still have money to spare," he said.
"Imagine this for a second," he added. "The National Security Lottery would sell tickets just like in a Powerball lottery but dedicate every cent to funding an anti-terrorism campaign."
America should also stunt the growth of foreign terrorist groups by offering jobs to Russian biotechnicians, he suggested.
Trump accused established politicians of refusing to discuss the threat of terrorism in detail and so prolonging the danger.
"Their chief job, all too often, is to get re-elected," he said. "They don't want to be the bearers of bad news."
Trump, who has signalled that he may seek the presidential nomination for the anti-establishment Reform Party, revealed his fears of germ warfare terrorism in a book seen as a campaign blueprint, called "The America We Deserve".
A US government study has put a $12 million price tag on preparing a city against bioterrorism. The congressional study estimated it would cost a city of 500,000 people about $1.3 million to acquire basic equipment to prepare for a hazardous material incident and $12 million to be "highly prepared" for a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear event.
Materials needed to prepare against a hazardous materials incident would range from duct tape to mobile command posts and would cost an additional $3.3 million to sustain over 10 years. A higher level of preparation would need $12.2 million for initial procurement and $42.9 million over a decade.
Trump also proposed a one-off 14.25 percent tax on people with assets of $10 million or more to reduce America's national debt, said health care reform would be at the top of his agenda and vigorously defended hanging murderers.Reuse content


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- Vintage Wade Irish Porcelain salt and pepper shaker set Armagh Ireland
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This is a nice set of vintage Wade Irish Porcelain salt and pepper shakers. The mark on the bottom of these pieces dates these to 1950s or 1960s. Each shaker stands 2 5/8" high and is a bit over 2" wide. Both pieces are in excellent used condition and are free of chips or cracks. Their glaze remains clear and glossy. The white areas on the items in the photos are camera reflections. The shakers did not have their original stoppers when I found them. Therefore, I am including brand new food grade stoppers for your convenience. Thank you for looking. Item location: B 10
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Everything you need to know about the JPL Playoffs
Here's all you need to know about the Belgian League Playoffs that start tonight. 1. Who is the Championship Playoffs? The six teams who qualified for the playoffs are Anderlecht, Club Brugge, Zulte Waregem, Oostende, Charleroi and Gent. Anderlecht and Club Brugge have always qualified under the playoff system since the introduction in 2009-10. It's… Read More »


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Germany ground out a 2-0 win in a bad-tempered match against Cameroon today to qualify for the second round as Group E winners.
Rudi Voller's side recovered from the firsthalf loss of Carsten Ramelow to effectively knock the Africans out of the tournament in a clash which saw 16 bookings and two sendings off. Half-time substitute Marco Bode grabbed the first German goal in the 50th minute after a brilliant through-ball from Miroslav Klose.
Germany controlled possession in a scrappy first-half, but the best chances fell to Cameroon.
Salomon Olembe should have scored in the 14th minute after a clever ball from Samuel Eto'o sent him clear, but Oliver Kahn outwitted the midfielder, saving bravely after narrowing the angle. The Marseille midfielder tried his luck from the rebound, but Kahn stood his ground and gathered at the second attempt.
Rigobert Song could have scored at both ends and, after heading over his own bar early on, he put a Geremi cross wide of the German goal.
Tempers became frayed just after the half-hour mark, with 10 players becoming involved in a scuffle on the edge of the Cameroon area after Marc-Vivien Foe appeared to push a German player to the ground.
It was Germany who first had a man dismissed, though, Ramelow earning his second booking for a late tackle on Eto'o.
Cameroon were reduced to 10 men when Patrick Suffo was dismissed for a late tackle on Michael Ballack in the 76th minute and Germany were quick to take advantage.
Ballack found Klose in the penalty area three minutes later, and the World Cup's leading scorer headed home unchallenged to net his fifth goal of the tournament.
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This is a summary of all the Logbooks (Travelogs) related to 街歩き that we have available for the El Salvador area. Please go ahead and click on them if you want to read their contents. Does reading about 街歩き in El Salvador make you want to go there too? In that case let's start planning your next trip!
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In this work we propose to build a set of binary logistic models that could assess the probability of success or no success in oral rehabilitation process taking into account some genetic factors, individual habits clinical and non-clinical factors. The study was conducted in a retrospective evaluation and consisted of 155 subjects undergoing oral… (More)
- CÁTIA REIS, ALEXANDRA VIANA DA COSTA, +6 authors ELSA MARIA CARDOSO
- 2014
Although a number of inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be associated with periodontal pathogenesis, it is important to investigate further whether these biomarkers are associated with the degree of success in nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to quantify the total levels of interleukin (IL)‑1α,-1β, ‑6,… (More)
- Antonio Sergio Silva, Carlos Aroso, Raul Ustrell, Ana Cristina Braga, Jose Manuel Mendes, Tomas Escuin
- The journal of advanced prosthodontics
- 2015
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the durability and retention of 4 types of attachments placed over computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) titanium bars when subjected to different pH conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercially available attachments were investigated: Hader Yellow, Hader Red, Ackerman Gold and… (More)
- Carlos Aroso, Antonio Sergio Silva, +4 authors Tomas Escuin
- The journal of advanced prosthodontics
- 2016
PURPOSE This in vitro study investigated and compared the durability and retention of three types of attachments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three commercially available attachments were investigated: Clix®, Dalbo-Plus® and Locator®. In total, 72 samples of these attachments were placed in the acrylic resin forms and subjected to mechanical testing (5400… (More)
- Ana Cristina Braga, Paula Carneiro
- 2016
- Maria Filipa Mourão, Ana Cristina Braga
- 2016
- Ana Ratola, Helena Moreira Silva, +7 authors Elisa Proença
- Pediatric reports
- 2015
Noonan syndrome is a relatively common and heterogeneous genetic disorder, associated with congenital heart defect in about 50% of the cases. If the defect is not severe, life expectancy is normal. We report a case of Noonan syndrome in a preterm infant with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lethal outcome associated to acute respiratory distress syndrome… (More)
- Sara Coelho, Ana Cristina Braga
- 2015
- Mariana Seabra, António Felino, Rosete Nogueira, Francisco Valente, Ana Cristina Braga, Paula Vaz
- Head & face medicine
- 2015
INTRODUCTION Hypodontia is the most frequent developmental anomaly of the orofacial complex, and its detection in prenatal ultrasound may indicate the presence of congenital malformations, genetic syndromes and chromosomal abnormalities. To date, only a few studies have evaluated the histological relationship of human tooth germs identified by… (More)


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Tips in Choosing Excellent SEO Services
Nearby entrepreneurs know all around ok that great SEO administrations can help them get huge activity to their sites. With more individuals utilizing the Internet than some time recently, putting one's business on the web can spell a major distinction. At the point when looking for a SEO organization with great SEO administrations, here are a couple of things to consider:
Tips in Choosing Excellent SEO Services
seo services, Study and analyze an assortment of website improvement bundles offered by various SEO organizations. There are numerous SEO specialists in the market today, and all it takes is a couple mouse clicks, so it's best to require the investment and push to audit the SEO administrations they offer. Most SEO administrations offer diverse sorts of SEO bundles, so make sure to study them well to know which one is most appropriate to the sort of business you have. Try not to bounce into employing a SEO organization immediately without concentrating on it first and don't expect that a SEO bundle that is working for another site, however its business might be like yours, will likewise work for you.
Next, make an inquiry or two for referrals or discover who your companions and associates can prescribe. At the point when inquisitive from them about SEO expert administrations, discover as much as you can about what they can offer like web plan and improvement, online networking promoting bundles, content administration framework, web copywriting administrations and motor enhancement bundles. It would likewise be extremely useful if SEO organizations will permit you to contact existing customers to make sure you can become acquainted with them better and rate their SEO administrations.
Another critical thing to recollect is to keep a receptive outlook when meeting with a SEO expert. Don't effortlessly trust somebody who guarantees that he or she is a SEO master. Contemplate their portfolio well and discover as much as you can about their procedure and arranging administrations, SEO web outline, and also how they deal with their SEO external link establishment. A SEO master ought to likewise be capable present you with a contextual analysis of your business to advance explain how they can function towards fabricating and dealing with a site that will rank high among internet searchers, if not in Australia's main 10.
Taking everything into account, in the wake of choosing an organization that you feel will take into account your requirements with their SEO administrations, don't neglect to peruse the fine print and examine completely the SEO bundle considerations disclosed to you. With watchful methodology and arranging, a SEO organization that has a reputation of honor winning SEO administrations can simply possibly be your best business accomplice. You can wager your well deserved dollar that your business will climb the pages of Australia's main 10 in a matter of moments by any stretch of the imagination.


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text: Ranbir Kapoor | Rockstar | Wallpapers | Trailers | Rockstar Fan Club | Ranbir FilmographyRanbir is definitely a true Kapoor scion who can make us teary-eyed with his intense acting skills. Reports claim that Ranbir Kapoor and Telugu star Ileana DCruz have delivered such an emotional performance in Anurag Basus Barfee that it left many crew members teary-eyed. "Certain emotional scenes between Ranbir and Ileana were so intense and beautifully performed that they left many of us in tears," reveals a source from the sets of Barfee. Ranbir plays deaf and dumb in Barfee. In fact the film promises to be a powerhouse of strong performances.Illeana is a big name in the Telugu film industry with movies like Pokiri, Jalsa and Kick. Barfee also features Priyanka Chopra, who plays the role of an autistic. The movie is expected to release in mid-2012.


text:
John Mark Karr, the school teacher who emerged last week as a suspect in the 10-year-old JonBenet Ramsey murder case, was confined to a high-security prison cell in Los Angeles yesterday and served with a murder warrant after his return to American soil on board a flight from Thailand late on Sunday night.
His arrival in the US came as speculation continued about the reliability of the confession offered after his arrest in Bangkok last Wednesday, in which he said he was with JonBenet when she was murdered in her parents' Colorado home in December 1996, calling her death an "accident".
Authorities in Boulder, Colorado, remained hopeful that several years after the trail went cold on a case that had gripped the public imagination in the United States, they may finally have the person responsible for the death of a blonde six-year-old girl who had been entered by her wealthy parents into children's beauty pageants.
After disembarking from the business class cabin of a Thai Airways flight, Mr Karr, 41, was met by Los Angeles police and taken by helicopter to jail where he was placed in an isolation wing with no concessions to comfort - a quick downgrade from the luxury of his flight.
"He is going to be housed here in the men's jail, kept in isolation in a 6-foot by 9-foot room with a bed, a toilet, no windows and no phones," Steve Whitmore, a spokesman for the Los Angeles Sheriff's Office, said. "He'll get regular food. He'll get jail chow, he won't get king crab, I'll tell you that."
The quick-fire unfolding of events over recent days has included revelations that Mr Karr had undertaken the first stages of an eventual sex-change procedure in Bangkok.
Yesterday, a dermatologist at the Siam Swan Cosmetic Clinic said he had his sideburns and facial hair beneath the chin removed. "He wanted to prepare himself to do a sex-change operation," Dr Settharkarn Attakonpan said.
With Mr Karr due to go before an extradition hearing in Los Angeles in the next few days, the pace may now slow down. If he waives extradition, he may be transferred directly to Boulder to face possible trial. If he does not, however, the extradition case could drag on for weeks.
Said by other passengers on the flight to have been relaxed throughout - even to the extent of enjoying duck and champagne - Mr Karr has been travelling around Europe and Asia for years, taking short-term teaching positions.
He was arrested by Thai police on suspicion of first degree murder, kidnapping and sexual assault.
However, with no evidence having yet been made public directly linking him to the murder of JonBenet, doubt still lingers over the reliability of Mr Karr's original confession.
Some of his claims do not appear to match some of the circumstances of the case. He said, for instance, that he had picked JonBenet up from school before her death, but the six-year-old was not at school at the time because she was off on holiday for Christmas.
One possible link between him and the murder was reported yesterday by NBC News, which said that it had acquired a high school yearbook signed by Mr Karr in which he had written to a friend, "I Shall be The Conquerer [sic]".
This has raised interest because the ransom note left in the basement where the little girl was killed ended with the initials "S.B.T.C". Detectives have never been able to discern what they meant.
However, in another puzzling discrepancy, the former wife of Mr Karr told a San Francisco television station that she was all but certain that her former husband had spent all of the 1996 Christmas holiday with her and his family, suggesting he could not have been in Colorado to commit the murder.Reuse content


text:
Added by Talia Touboul
Enjoy swimming in the pools of Salmon Creek Falls (over 100 feet) and ocean views on this Big Sur hike.
Feel free to hike Salmon Creek Trail at your own pace – you can choose to turn back at any point, or at the Spruce (2 miles in) or Estrella (3.25 miles in) sites. The trail leads to open vistas of the coast, giving stunning views of the cliffs and ocean.
Around 2 miles in, follow the fork to the left to arrive at Spruce point. If you chose to continue on, head to Estrella Camp. This last stretch is highly recommended – the trail climbs higher and higher, offering glimpses of rocky pools and waterfalls, and eventually ending at a small meadow with a campsite.
Another advantage of Salmon Creek is the option to end (or begin) your hike with a swim at the bottom of Salmon Creek Falls (over 100 feet). At the bottom of the trail, follow signs to the left, instead of towards Salmon Creek Trail. The beautiful waterfall and pools are a great place to take relax and have a picnic.
Driving Directions: The trailhead is located at a pull-off of Highway 1, about 2.5 hours south of Monterey, or north of San Luis Obispo.
Pack List
- Water (no sources on trail)
- Backpack
- Camera
- Bathing suit
- Camping necessities
Please respect the places you find on The Outbound.
Always practice Leave No Trace ethics on your adventures. Be aware of local regulations and don't damage these amazing places for the sake of a photograph. Learn More
Backpacking, Camping, Hiking, Photography, Swimming
Skill Level:
Year Round
Trail Type:
4 Miles
Elev. Gain:
1300 Feet
Are we missing something?Suggest an edit
ReviewsLeave a Review
11 months ago
Cool spot!
This is a great, quick stop on Hwy 1! The area around the falls is a great area to explore.
12 months ago
Quick Hike, Great Waterfall
A short hike uphill and you are at the waterfall in no time. A gorgeous waterfall and Creek in a very peaceful setting. Hike up to the Tom of the falls to see tranquil pools that spill into the waterfall!
about 1 year ago
Perfect stop off point
Most people who drive Hwy 1 are looking out to the ocean and stop at many of the pull offs to feast on the view and stretch their bones. But don't forget to look inland about 5 miles south of Gorda by the Sea and you'll see the waterfall right from the road. Only 100 yards or so from the highway the trail will lead you right to the bottom of this beautiful fall!
over 1 year ago
Great Day Hike
This is an awesome hike to take at any time of the year. Spend the day by the waterfall and picnic in the area.
Added by Talia Touboul
We will either find a road, or make oneFollow
More Adventures Nearby
Hike through Wunderlich County Park
San Francisco / Wunderlich County Park
Located in the iconic Silicon Valley town of Woodside, Wunderlich County Park offers a number of hiking trails as well as some horseback riding trails through the wilderness.
Photograph Monarch Butterflies at Natural Bridges' Monarch Grove
San Francisco / Natural Bridges SB
The park's Monarch Grove provides a temporary home for thousands of Monarchs.


text:
Saddam for President
Okay, since I received this email the day before yesterday, it's appeared lots of places, and apparently Farnaz Fassihi, the really talented WSJ reporter in Iraq who wrote it, is not in trouble for it, which is as it should be. The following are excerpts.
I am house bound. I leave when I have a very good reason to and a scheduled interview. I avoid going to people's homes and never walk in the streets. I can't go grocery shopping any more, can't eat in restaurants, can't strike a conversation with strangers, can't look for stories, can't drive in any thing but a full armored car, can't go to scenes of breaking news stories, can't be stuck in traffic, can't speak English outside, can't take a road trip, can't say I'm an American, can't linger at checkpoints, can't be curious about what people are saying, doing, feeling. And can't and can't....
...Iraqis like to call this mess 'the situation.' When asked 'how are thing?' they reply: 'the situation is very bad."
What they mean by situation is this: the Iraqi government doesn't control most Iraqi cities, there are several car bombs going off each day around the country killing and injuring scores of innocent people, the country's roads are becoming impassable and littered by hundreds of landmines and explosive devices aimed to kill American soldiers, there are assassinations, kidnappings and beheadings. The situation, basically, means a raging barbaric guerilla war...
Who did this war exactly benefit? Was it worth it? Are we safer because Saddam is holed up and Al Qaeda is running around in Iraq?
Iraqis say that thanks to America they got freedom in exchange for insecurity. Guess what? They say they'd take security over freedom any day, even if it means having a dictator ruler. I heard an educated Iraqi say today that if Saddam Hussein were allowed to run for elections he would get the majority of the vote. This is truly sad.
Then I went to see an Iraqi scholar this week to talk to him about elections here. He has been trying to educate the public on the importance of voting. He said, "President Bush wanted to turn Iraq into a democracy that would be an example for the Middle East. Forget about democracy, forget about being a model for the region, we have to salvage Iraq before all is lost."
One could argue that Iraq is already lost beyond salvation. For those of us on the ground it's hard to imagine what if any thing could salvage it from its violent downward spiral.
The genie of terrorism, chaos and mayhem has been unleashed onto this country as a result of American mistakes and it can't be put back into a bottle.
The Iraqi government is talking about having elections in three months while half of the country remains a 'no go zone'-out of the hands of the government and the Americans and out of reach of journalists. In the other half, the disenchanted population is too terrified to show up at polling stations. The Sunnis have already said they'd boycott elections, leaving the stage open for polarized government of Kurds and Shiites that will not be deemed as legitimate and will most certainly lead to civil war.
I asked a 28-year-old engineer if he and his family would participate in the Iraqi elections since it was the first time Iraqis could to some degree elect a leadership. His response summed it all: "Go and vote and risk being blown into pieces or followed by the insurgents and murdered for cooperating with the Americans? For what? To practice democracy? Are you joking?"
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text: $5/bag. Each mix contains an assortment of colorful lettuces which make a flavorful and brilliant salad. Most greens are a good source of Vitamin C, beta-carotene, folate, and dietary fiber as well as some calcium. As a general rule, the darker green the leaves, the more nutritious the salad green. For example, romaine has seven to eight times as much beta-carotene, and two to four times the calcium, and twice the amount of potassium as iceberg lettuce. By varying the greens in your salads, you can enhance the nutritional content as well as vary the tastes and textures.


text: Little Women: Terra's Little Family 61,254pages on this wiki Add New Page Edit History Talk0 Share 2015–present Season 1 Season 2 Retrieved from "http://logos.wikia.com/wiki/Little_Women:_Terra%27s_Little_Family?oldid=837626" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Reality television series Reality television programs Lifetime Television programs of the United States 2010s television programs


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Dejan Bosanac (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Resolved: (AMQ-3028) ActiveMQ broker processing slows with consumption from large store
|Wed, 24 Nov 2010 11:57:27 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/activemq/browse/AMQ-3028?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ] Dejan Bosanac resolved AMQ-3028. -------------------------------- Resolution: Fixed Fix Version/s: 5.5.0 Assignee: Dejan Bosanac Fixed with svn revision 1038566 I didn't make LRU cache synced in general, just synced the usage of pageCache. Let us know if it helps with your scenario. > ActiveMQ broker processing slows with consumption from large store > ------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Key: AMQ-3028 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/activemq/browse/AMQ-3028 > Project: ActiveMQ > Issue Type: Bug > Components: Broker > Affects Versions: 5.4.1 > Environment: CentOS 5.5, Sun JDK 1.6.0_21-b06 64 bit, ActiveMQ 5.4.1, AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 B22, local disk > Reporter: Arthur Naseef > Assignee: Dejan Bosanac > Priority: Critical > Fix For: 5.5.0 > > Attachments: LRUCache.patch > > > In scalability tests, this problem occured. I have tested a workaround that appears to function. A fix will gladly be submitted - would like some guidance, though, on the most appropriate solution. > Here's the summary. Many more details are available upon request. > Root cause: > - Believed to be simultaneous access to LRUCache objects which are not thread-safe (PageFile's pageCache) > Workaround: > - Synchronize the LRUCache on all access methods (get, put, remove) > The symptoms are as follows: > 1. Message rates run fairly-constant until a point in time when they degrade rather quickly > 2. After a while (about 15 minutes), the message rates drop to the floor - with large numbers of seconds with 0 records passing > 3. Using VisualVM or JConsole, note that memory use grows continuosuly > 4. When message rates drop to the floor, the VM is spending the vast majority of its time performing garbage collection > 5. Heap dumps show that LRUCache objects (the pageCache members of PageFile's) are far exceeding their configured limits. > The default limit was used, 10000. A size of over 170,000 entries was reached. > 6. No producer flow control occurred (did not see the flow control log message) > Test scenario used to reproduce: > - Fast producers (limited to <= 1000 msgs/sec) > -- using transactions > -- 10 msg per transaction > -- message content size 177 bytes > - Slow consumers (limited to <= 10 msg/sec) > -- auto-acknowledge mode; not transacted > - 10 Queues > -- 1 producer per queue > -- 1 consumer per queue > - Producers, Consumers, and Broker all running on different systems, and on the same system (different test runs). > Note that disk space was not an issue - there was always plenty of disk space available. > One other interesting note - once a large database of records was stored in KahaDB, only running consumers, this problem still occurred. > This issue sounds like it may be related to 1764, and 2721. The root cause sounds the same as 2290 - unsynchronized access to LRUCache. > The most straight-forward solution is to modify all LRUCache objects (org.apache.kahadb.util.LRUCache, org.apache.activemq.util.LRUCache, ...) to be concurrent. Another is to create concurrent versions (perhaps ConcurrentLRUCache) and make use of those at least in PageFile.pageCache. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online.
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text:
Best in Show Books: Knit Your Own Animal
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text:
Ranieri, who was at Wembley to watch England's 1-1 draw with Brazil, decided to leave Italian club Parma after helping to keep the Serie A strugglers up and is now a free agent.
Asked on Sky Sports News if he had been in talks with City, he replied: "No. Not yet. Maybe (I would be interested) but nothing is sure."
It has been reported that the former Chelsea boss will be installed as Stuart Pearce's successor at Eastlands if former Thai prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra completes his proposed takeover of the club.
Ranieri added: "I had four years (in England), it went very, very well and I had fantastic seasons.
"I'd like to come back and I am looking forward.
"I like to come to England but there are also some important questions in Italy.
"But I love English football. Now there are seven or eight great team in England.
"Everybody wants to fight for the title and that is good for the league."
- More about:
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text:
Liverpool fans blast ticket prices
Mon 11th Mar 2013 | Money & Finance
Fans' group Spirit of Shankly have condemned Liverpool's season ticket price rises next season as "an insult to long-standing supporters".
On Friday the club announced a six-tier system, which will see prices increase by up to nine per cent in some areas of the ground.
Season tickets in the Kop will remain level or be reduced while a £5 child ticket option is to be introduced for certain games, but that is not enough for Spirit of Shankly.
"In the midst of austerity, with redundancies and cutbacks a daily reality for many supporters, these inflation-busting price rises are an insult to long-standing supporters who have already suffered a massive 716 per cent price rise since 1989," said a statement from the group, who recently launched a campaign to reduce away ticket prices nationally.
"Supporters in the Main Stand and Paddock endure facilities that survived the Shankly era redevelopment, with so-called "concourses" dating back to 1907, while the cramped seating in the Lower Centenary has been notorious since that structure was built as the Kemlyn Road stand in 1963.
"It is our guess that not one of Liverpool's multiple "owners" has ever watched a match from any of these seats and that none of them have ever availed themselves of the so-called "facilities" in the Paddock or Main Stand.
"If we are wrong, then more shame on them for believing £815 to £850 is fair price to pay for 'the product' on offer.
"While the announcement regarding Kop season tickets is a relief to many, it is our belief that ticket prices are already too high, pricing out many of those that kept the club on its feet during its darkest days."
Liverpool managing director Ian Ayre, explaining the changes, told liverpoolfc.com: "Over the past two years the club has given careful consideration to ticket prices and pricing structures in consultation with the Supporters Committee.
"Following last year's price freeze this year we have reviewed our overall stadium pricing structure and, similar to many other Premier League clubs, from next season we will also be introducing a multiple-tier pricing structure which will more accurately reflect seat location and view."
Posted by: Kev Howland
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 4, 2000
|Filing date
|Jan 8, 1999
|Priority date
|Jan 8, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Peter C. Menze
|Original Assignee
|M.P. Menze Research & Development, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (7), Classifications (8), Legal Events (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to switches and more specifically to membrane-actuated miniature switch assemblies.
The trend of most modern electronic devices is to reduce both the size and the cost of the components and the device as a whole. As such, even the most rudimentary elements must undergo a physical redesign to account for this trend. In addition to attempting to reduce the size of these components, there is also a desire to minimize their obtrusiveness in any particular device. Bulky knobs and switches are often unpleasant to the eye and may not even be functional in certain environments. Finally, switches used in many commercial applications are often repeatably and forcibly engaged. That is, the switches are subjected to abusive usage, which eventually leads to damage. Thus, there is a desire to provide a switch which can withstand this type of use over a relatively long period of time.
In recognition of the above attributes, membrane switches were developed and have become quite common. In general, a membrane switch comprises a pliable membrane, usually having two layers. The upper layer usually will have a metal plate or some other type of electrical contact in it. When the top layer is depressed, it contacts the lower layer and the electrical contact bridges the ends of various terminals embedded in the lower layer thus closing or actuating the switch.
There exists a need to provide a membrane switch capable of carrying high current loads, thus reducing the overall size and complexity of various electronic devices. Due to the nature and the physical dimensions of the present membrane switches, they are prohibited from carrying large current loads. Consequently, these are not well suited to those applications which carry large currents. As such, if the switch activates a device which requires a large current load the membrane switch must act as an initial switch and a secondary or booster switch must be incorporated into the device. When so used, the membrane switch actuates the booster switch, and the booster switch engages the electronic device. This increases the number of components required to make the electronic device thus increasing the cost and complexity of it.
The present invention provides a membrane actuator for a miniature or sub-miniature switch assembly. The switch assembly is coupled to the membrane so that the switch actuator is in contact with an upper layer of the membrane. In one embodiment, the switch assembly has a metal frame. The metal frame surrounds a perimeter of the switch assembly. This frame is then secured between the two layers of the membrane itself and held in place with an adhesive. By depressing the upper layer of the membrane, the membrane contacts the actuator of the switch assembly and opens or closes the switch. The lower surface of the lower layer of the membrane is coated with an adhesive. This adhesive serves to hold the membrane and the switch in place within the electronic device. Furthermore, the adhesive coating serves to waterproof the entire switch assembly.
An advantage of using this type of membrane switch is that the entire assembly can be dropped into a prefabricated hole or opening in the electronic device or in a control panel of some type. The switch assembly itself has standard terminals protruding from it which can be connected in the known way. This type of assembly is significantly easier to install than traditional membrane switches which require additional structural and electrical support. Furthermore, this type of membrane switch can be retrofitted into current electronic devices. This effectively provides a mechanical solution to the traditionally electrical problem that membrane switches were limited to low current loads.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a membrane switch which can carry high current loads.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a membrane switch which is self-supporting.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a membrane switch which, when installed, is waterproof.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a membrane switch which can be used with a variety of preexisting micro, miniature, and sub-miniature switch assemblies.
FIG. 1 is a side planar view of the membrane and switch assembly.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the membrane and switches assembly.
FIG. 3 is a side planar view of the membrane and switch assembly.
FIG. 4 is a partially sectional side view of the separated components of the switch assembly.
FIG. 5 is a partially sectional side view of the components of the switch assembly installed through a casing.
Turning now to FIGS. 1-3, the present invention will be described in detail. The membrane switch 10 has a switch assembly 14 having standard terminals 20. The terminals 20 are configured in a known way to produce the standard switching arrangements. While not meant to be limiting, the present invention uses, by way of example, a Cherry E-Series Sub-Miniature Switch, Model E62 (10.1 amp). A switch frame 22 is coupled to the switch 14 by a mounting bracket 15 that includes fasteners 17. The switch frame 22 protrudes from the switch 14. The various components of the switch can be made from any suitable material, including plastic or steel.
An upper membrane layer 12 is provided which has an engagement plate 18 located on its underside. Engagement plate 18 is optional and serves to ease the engagement of the switch 10 and also extends the life of the membrane 12, by reducing wear. A lower membrane layer 24 is also provided. A first adhesive layer 26 is placed between the upper and lower membrane layers (12, 24), thus sandwiching them together. Alternatively, layer 26 may simply be a filler. In that case each membrane layer would bear its own adhesive. Switch frame 22 is inserted between these two layers and thus is held in place by the adhesive 26 as well as the joinder of the two membrane layers. Switch assembly 14 passes through an opening 19 in lower membrane 24.
The underside 25 of the lower membrane layer 24 is coated with a second adhesive layer 28 of various types. For example, the second adhesive layer 28 may be a pressure-sensitive adhesive which may be applied when the switch 10 is manufactured. The use of such an adhesive is desirable because it will remain in place for long periods of time without breaking down. Thus, when the switch 10 is meant to be installed the pressure-sensitive adhesive will bond appropriately. Alternatively, adhesive may be applied to the underside 25 of the membrane just prior to installation of the switch. By applying the adhesive at this time, various types of fast setting or liquid adhesive may be used. In either case, adhesive layer 28 should be applied such that when the switch 10 is installed, the lower membrane 24 and adhesive 28 form a waterproof seal.
In use, a hole 30, is cut through the outer casing 32 of the electronic device to which the switch 10 is to be installed as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. If the second adhesive layer 28 has not yet been applied, it is applied at this time. Then the switch assembly 14 is moved through the hole 30 in the electronic device. The various electrical connections can be made to terminals 20 at this time, or if access is permitted, the connections can be made after the switch is installed.
Subsequently, the underside 25 of the lower membrane portion 24 is caused to engage the casing 32 of the electronic device. The adhesive layer 28 then bonds to this casing 32 forming a waterproof seal, holding the switch 10 in place. To engage the switch 10, the upper surface of the membrane is depressed. This causes the engagement plate 18 to contact the switch actuator 16 of the switch assembly 14, thus selectively opening and closing the switch 10.
With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the particular embodiment shown includes upper membrane 12 and lower membrane 24. First adhesive layer 26 includes a greatly exaggerated upper adhesive layer 26A and a lower adhesive layer 26B, applied to upper membrane 12 and lower membrane 24 respectively. When assembled (FIG. 5), switch frame 22 is adhered between portions of upper adhesive layer 26A and lower adhesive layer 26B. The remainder of upper adhesive layer 26A and lower adhesive layer 26B contact and adhere to one another, binding upper membrane 12 to lower membrane 24. The flexibility of upper membrane 12 allows it to comply when depressed so that engagement plate 18 is able to contact and depress switch actuator 16.
Alternatively, first adhesive layer 26 could be formed solely from either upper adhesive layer 26A or lower adhesive layer 26B. In that case, the single adhesive layer 26A or 26B would contact both the switch frame 22 (on one side) and the opposing membrane (12 or 24). The switch frame 22 would be held in place by its one-sided adhesive contact as well as by the fact that the two membranes (12, 24) would be secured to one another, thus preventing the switch frame 22 from moving away from the adhesive layer 26. With either the illustrated or the discussed embodiment, switch frame 22 is sandwiched between upper membrane 12 and lower membrane 24, which are also adhered to one another.
In use, current flows through the terminals 20 of the switch assembly 14 but never through any portion of the membrane layers (12, 24). Thus, the amperage limitations of the previous membrane switches have been eliminated. Any amperage restriction in the switch of the present invention would be based solely on the capabilities of the switch assembly 14. This is advantageous as it is common to find various miniature or sub-miniature switch actuators which are capable of carrying a high current load. While any size switch could be used, including low current switches, the present switch is particularly useful in high current situations, namely those above 100 miliamps.
This type of switch assembly has many practical commercial applications. For instance, juke boxes are often placed in various dining or drinking establishments. Due to the nature of these establishments, the juke box is usually subjected to various foreign substances. It is not uncommon for people to spill drinks or food onto the control panel. If standard switches were used, the liquid could cause damage to the switch assembly or various other electrical components. By utilizing the membrane switch 10 of the present invention, this risk is eliminated because the membrane forms a waterproof barrier to the switch. Furthermore, because it is a membrane switch it can withstand the abuse and repeated actuation that such electronic devices are often subjected to when placed in public places. By utilizing this type of membrane switch assembly, the switch can control the various aspects of the juke box itself without having to use a booster switch to accomplish the same thing, thus eliminating the use of unnecessary parts.
It would also be commercially desirable to use this type of membrane switch assembly in various types of video games. Video games are often subjected to the same types of abuses described above. The switches are engaged rapidly and repeatedly and are often exposed to various types of liquid. Again, this type of switch would prevent damage caused by any contact with liquid. It can take the abuse generated by the rapid and repeated switch actuations and finally can control the various components of the electronic device without the use of an additional booster switch. Another commercial product which would benefit from the use of this type of membrane switch is a snow plow controller. Such a controller is provided in the cab of the vehicle that is connected to the plow. Often, this controller is in the form of a joystick. Due to the amperage requirements of the relays and other plow controls, the switches are required to handle high current loads. As such, the incorporation of the present membrane switch facilitates this by providing an easily operable switch which effectively handles the power load.
Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or central attributes thereof. In that the foregoing description of the present invention discloses only exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that other variations are contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited in the particular embodiments which have been described in detail therein. Rather, reference should be made to the appended claims as indicative of the scope and content of the present invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 11, 1978
|Feb 10, 1981
|Jean Valansot
|Pressure-responsive electric switch
|Jan 9, 1980
|Nov 10, 1981
|W. H. Brady Co.
|Remote membrane switch
|Jan 27, 1982
|Jul 19, 1983
|Oak Industries, Inc.
|Laminated membrane switch
|Sep 20, 1982
|Aug 9, 1983
|Sheldahl, Inc.
|Membrane switch having adhesive label as edge seal
|Aug 24, 1981
|Feb 21, 1984
|Oak Industries Inc.
|Pressure-sensitive adhesive and application thereof
|Jan 14, 1985
|Jun 24, 1986
|Robertshaw Controls Company
|Membrane keyboard construction
|Jul 29, 1985
|Nov 18, 1986
|W. H. Brady Co.
|Foldable membrane switch with fold remote from contact-carrying panels
|Apr 7, 1988
|Apr 4, 1989
|Amp Incorporated
|Low force membrane switch
|Sep 8, 1989
|Dec 11, 1990
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Panel switch
|Jul 21, 1989
|Jan 22, 1991
|Lucas Duralith Corporation
|Multi-pole momentary membrane switch
|Jan 5, 1990
|Jan 14, 1992
|Itt Corporation
|Flow switch
|Sep 9, 1991
|Jul 20, 1993
|Gm Nameplate, Inc.
|Membrane switch and fabrication method
|Aug 25, 1992
|Mar 15, 1994
|Fujikura Ltd.
|Click-action membrane switch unit
|Aug 11, 1994
|Feb 13, 1996
|Whirlpool Corporation
|Flat high temperature membrane switch display window
|Dec 5, 1994
|Mar 4, 1997
|Fujikura Ltd.
|Light illumination membrane switch with reduced size and improved light illumination
|Feb 28, 1997
|Oct 6, 1998
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Noiseless dispersion electroluminescent device and switch unit using same
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 29, 2001
|Jul 13, 2004
|Membrane switch circuit layout and method for manufacturing
|Jul 19, 2004
|Dec 26, 2006
|Qortek, Inc.
|Pressure sensitive sensor for real-time reconfigurable sonar applications
|Jun 29, 2001
|Jan 2, 2003
|Wayne Nelson
|Membrane switch circuit layout and method for manufacturing
|Jul 23, 2004
|Jan 27, 2005
|Dave Herman
|Electrical media replaying device
|Jul 19, 2004
|Jan 5, 2006
|Gareth Knowles
|Pressure sensitive sensor for real-time reconfigurable sonar applications
|Jun 27, 2002
|Jan 9, 2003
|Membrane switch circuit layout and method for manufacturing
|Jun 27, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Membrane switch circuit layout and method for manufacturing
|U.S. Classification
|200/330, 200/294, 200/296, 200/332.1, 200/512
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 26, 1999
Owner name: M.P. MENZE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC., MICHIGAN
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|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 4, 2012
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 22, 2012
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20120404


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Meer ideeën van Edina
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Earl Sweatshirt
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(born February 24, 1994), better known by his stage name Earl Sweatshirt, is an Americanrapper and member of the Los Angeles-based hip hop collective Odd Future. He is signed to Columbia Records, as well as his own label, Tan Cressida. Earl gained recognition and critical praise for his debut mixtape, Earl. Following its release, he was sent to a boarding school in Samoa by his mother until his seventeenth birthday. On August 20, 2013, he released his debut studio album, Doris.


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Expert Insights
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The extended range of permitted duties for dental nurses provides exciting opportunities as well as challenges for practices and individuals. Some well lead practices have embraced these opportunities and have embedded extended dental nursing duties into their day-to-day work. In a diverse range of dental practices, extended dental nursing duties are now an integral part…Read more ›
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This post is not about having 'a pop' at anyone or anything. In fact, it is quite the opposite. When we observe things that make us uncomfortable or aspects of people that strike the wrong chord, we ought to be wondering what we are seeing in terms of reflections of ourselves. It's also the classic…Read more ›
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In another unfortunate and sad case for all concerned, a dentist has been struck off by the General Dental Council (GDC) following a public hearing into allegations of misconduct. Amongst other charges were these simple but so important failings – Failure to conduct necessary assessments, including: Failure to conduct full extraoral and intraoral examinations; Failure to…Read more ›
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text:
w w w . m y v i r t u a l m u s e u m . c o m
Tim Davis
These decoys are part of Sam's* extensive collection of Early American Folk Art. These birds represent birds that are indigenous to the eastern flyway. They're so called "working decoys" as opposed to decorative decoys. These were used after the era of market hunters. The practice of large barrel multi shot hunting was banned in the early 1900's and at that time carvers began carving decoys for individual hunting. The wooden decoys were a specific interest of Sam's. The Eider decoys up under the rafters are working decoys and Sam and Frannie shot over those.
On his trips out west he collected Native American artifacts. Sam was a serious collector, he really enjoyed it.
*Sam Wakeman, 1907-1986, Tim Davis' father-in-law
home ï susan mullally ï exhibitors ï what i keep ï thumbnails


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That's something that we took a lot of pride in, trying to stop all of the hype and just prove who we are, senior safety Chris Harrell said after the game.
The great preparation and high intensity of the Penn State defense was as clear as the cloudless blue sky that hung above Beaver Stadium, as the hard-hitting unit held Minnesota's supposedly unstoppable running game to 113 yards on 32 carries, marking the first time the Golden Gophers had been held to under 300 yards rushing this year.
The defense held its ground early, especially the defensive line, which consistently got a great push while holding Minnesota to three and out on iits first three possessions and giving the offense a chance to pull away early.
That was a great start for us, said junior linebacker and captain Paul Posluszny, who followed up his monster 22-tackle game at Northwestern with nine more Saturday. I think our defensive line set the tone of the game right then and there. They dominated the line of scrimmage, and that brought us right through the rest of the game.
Maroney was held to eight yards on five carries in the first quarter, and the Penn State offense took advantage. Penn State's touchdown with 8:53 left in the first quarter marked the first time all season that Minnesota was scored on in the opening stanza. The Nittany Lions would score three more times before the end of the second quarter.
Maroney had just 14 yards on seven carries in the first half, mainly because the Penn State offense was keeping long drives going and subsequently giving their defensive counterparts some much appreciated rest.
They kept us off the field a lot, so we were going in fresh, defensive tackle Jay Alford said.
Maroney ended the game with 48 yards on 16 carries, his first sub-100 yard rushing game since the 2004 season. He may have been tired, considering he was coming off a double-overtime game against Purdue the week before, a game in which he gained 217 yards on 46 carries — both career highs.
He wasn't really hitting the hole like he wanted to, said Alford, who had the game's only sack.
One thing we wanted to do was contain him, keep him in between the tackles and not let him run outside, added Posluszny, as the gash on the crown of his nose leaked its standard Saturday afternoon blood.
For the most part PSU did keep him between the tackles, and on the few occasions the Heisman candidate got outside, he was consistently met by swarms of Penn State defenders. The safeties played shallow all day, as Chris Harrell and Lowry had eight and nine tackles respectively, showing the respect that Penn State had for Minnesota's punishing ground attack.
Saturday's win marked the first time that Penn State had beaten a Top-25 opponent since its defeated Wisconsin in 2002. The Lions also established themselves as a physical force in the Big Ten, just in time for next week's primetime match up against Ohio State.
Hopefully were sending the message that Penn State is back, Posluszny said.


text:
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SynDB protein details
Local Annotation
General Information
Centaurin-gamma 2 (arf-gap with gtp-binding protein-like, ankyrin repeat and pleckstrin homology domains 1) (agap1).
Homo sapiens
(NCBI taxonomy ID: 9606)
Domain Architecture
InterPro domains unassigned to SynO:
This entry describes a family of small GTPase activating proteins.or example ARF1-directed GTPase-activating protein.he cycle control GTPaseactivating protein (GAP) GCS1 which is important for the regulation ofthe ADP ribosylation factor ARF. member of the Ras superfamily of GTP-bindingproteins . The GTP-bound form of ARF is essential for the maintenance of normalGolgi morphology.t participates in recruitment of coat proteins which arerequired for budding and fission of membranes. Before the fusion with anacceptor compartment the membrane must be uncoated. This step required thehydrolysis of GTP associated to ARF. These proteins contain a characteristic zinc finger motif(Cys-x2-Cys-x(16.7)-x2-Cys) which displays some similarity to the C4-typeGATA zinc finger. The ARFGAP domain display no obvious similarity to other GAPproteins. The 3D structure of the ARFGAP domain of the PYK2-associated protein beta hasbeen solved . It consists of a three-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by 5alpha helices. The domain is organized around a central zinc atom which iscoordinated by 4 cysteines. The ARFGAP domain is clearlyunrelated to the other GAP proteins structures which are exclusively helical.Classical GAP proteins accelerate GTPase activity by supplying an argininefinger to the active site. The crystal structure of ARFGAP bound to ARFrevealed that the ARFGAP domain does not supply an arginine to the active sitewhich suggests a more indirect role of the ARFGAP domain in the GTPasehydrolysis . The Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) facilitates nuclear export of unspliced and partly-spliced viral RNAs . Rev contains an RNA-binding domain and an effector domain; the latter is believed to interact with a cellular cofactor required for the Rev response and hence HIV-1 replication. Human Rev interacting protein (hRIP) specifically interacts with the Rev effector. The amino acid sequence of hRIP is characterised by an N-terminal.-4 class zinc finger motif.
:Arf GTPase activating protein
Mitochondrial Rho proteins (Miro-1 and Miro-2..re atypical Rho GTPases. They have a unique domain organisation.ith tandem GTP-binding domains and two EF hand domains ().hat may bind calcium. They are also larger than classical small GTPases. It has been proposed that they are involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis .
The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain is a domain of about 100 residues that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton .The function of this domain is not clear.everal putative functions have been suggested:binding to the beta/gamma subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.inding to lipids..g. phosphatidylinositol-4.-bisphosphate.inding to phosphorylated Ser/Thr residues.ttachment to membranes by an unknown mechanism.It is possible that different PH domains have totally different ligand requirements.The 3D structure of several PH domains has been determined . All known cases have a common structure consisting of two perpendicular anti-parallel beta sheets.ollowed by a C-terminal amphipathic helix. The loops connecting the beta-strands differ greatly in length.aking the PH domain relatively difficult to detect. There are no totally invariant residues within the PH domain.Proteins reported to contain one more PH domains belong to the following families:Pleckstrin.he protein where this domain was first detected.s the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. Pleckstrin is one of the rare proteins to contains two PH domains.Ser/Thr protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family.he beta-adrenergic receptor kinases.he mu isoform of PKC and the trypanosomal NrkA family.Tyrosine protein kinases belonging to the Btk/Itk/Tec subfamily.Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS-1).Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains).uanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav.bl.oS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24.TPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2.nd the human break point cluster protein bcr.Cytoskeletal proteins such as dynamin (see ).aenorhabditis elegans kinesin-like protein unc-104 (see ).pectrin beta-chain.yntrophin (2 PH domains) and S. cerevisiae nuclear migration protein NUM1.Mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) (see ) isoforms gamma and delta. Isoform gamma contains two PH domains.he second one is split into two parts separated by about 400 residues.Oxysterol binding proteins OSBP.. cerevisiae OSH1 and YHR073w.Mouse protein citron. putative rho/rac effector that binds to the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac.Several S. cerevisiae proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and bud formation like BEM2.EM3.UD4 and the BEM1-binding proteins BOI2 (BEB1) and BOI1 (BOB1).C. elegans protein MIG-10.C. elegans hypothetical proteins C04D8.1.06H7.4 and ZK632.12.S. cerevisiae hypothetical proteins YBR129c and YHR155w.
Many members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases have been implicated in the regulation of hematopoietic cells.ith roles in growth.urvival.ifferentiation.ytokine production.hemotaxis.esicle-trafficking.nd phagocytosis. The Ras superfamily of proteins now includes over 150 small GTPases (distinguished from the large.eterotrimeric GTPases.he G-proteins). It comprises six subfamilies.he Ras.ho.an.ab.rf.nd Kir/Rem/Rad subfamilies . They exhibit remarkable overall amino acid identities.specially in the regions interacting with the guanine nucleotide exchange factors that catalyze their activation .
:Ras GTPase
The ankyrin repeat is one of the most common protein-protein interaction motifs in nature. Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids. They occur in a large number of functionally diverse proteins mainly from eukaryotes. The few known examples from prokaryotes and viruses may be the result of horizontal gene transfers . The repeat has been found in proteins of diverse function such as transcriptional initiators.ell-cycle regulators.ytoskeletal.on transporters and signal transducers. The ankyrin fold appears to be defined by its structure rather than its function since there is no specific sequence or structure which is universally recognised by it. The conserved fold of the ankyrin repeat unit is known from several crystal and solution structures . Each repeat folds into a helix-loop-helix structure with a beta-hairpin/loop region projecting out from the helices at a 90o angle. The repeats stack together to form an L-shaped structure .
Proteins with a small GTP-binding domain include Ras.hoA.ab11.ranslation elongation factor G.ranslation initiation factor IF-2.etratcycline resistance protein TetM.DC42.ra.DP-ribosylation factors.dhF.nd many others . In some proteins the domain occurs more than once. Among them there is a large number of small GTP-binding proteins and related domains in larger proteins. Note that the alpha chains of heterotrimeric G proteins are larger proteins in which the NKXD motif is separated from the GxxxxGK[ST] motif (P-loop) by a long insert and are not easily detected by this model.
:Small GTP-binding protein domain
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are small modular domains that occur once.r occasionally several times.n a large variety of signalling proteins.here they serve as simple targeting domains that recognize only phosphoinositide headgroups . PH domains can target their host protein to the plasma and internal membranes through its association with phosphoinositides. PH domains have a partly opened beta-barrel topology that is capped by an alpha helix. Proteins containing PH domains include pleckstrin (N-terminal).hospholipase C delta-1.eta-spectrin.ynamin.on-of-sevenless.rp1.nc-89.app1 and Rac-alpha kinase.The structure of PH domains is similar to the phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTB) found in IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate 1).hc adaptor and Numb; to the Ran-binding domain.ound in Nup nuclear pore complex and Ranbp1; to the Enabled/VASP homology domain 1 (EVH1 domain).ound in Enabled.ASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein).omer and WASP actin regulatory protein; to the third domain of FERM.ound in moesin.adixin.zrin.erlin and talin; and to the PH-like domain of neurobeachin.
:Pleckstrin homology-type
(857 aa)
Local Annotation
Synapse Ontology
endosome of the presynaptic compartment. A cellular structure that is involved in the transport of proteins in the neuron after the proteins are endocytosed from the outside to the inside of the cell.
cytoskeleton protein transport
the generation of action potential at soma of neurons.
generation of AP at soma
KO assignment
Not mapped to KEGG
Loci Structure
Parse error
: syntax error, unexpected T_VARIABLE in
on line