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How Herbicides can Kill Your Garden, Even If You don't Use Them
A friend of mine recently tried straw bale gardening and had a dismal failure. This caused him to do a bit of research and he found an article in the current (January/February 2016) issue of Backwoods Home magazine, on a product called Grazon, one of many aminopyralid herbicides used on hay and straw field to kill broadleaf weeds. That may explain his failure.
Grazon or other Aminopyralid-containing herbicides are sprayed on pastures and fields of straw and hay because they only kill plants such as horse nettle, pigweed and blackberries not the feed grass. After it is applied, the cows, horses and other animals graze on the grass, ingesting the herbicide which passes through their systems and into their manure.…Read More...
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Its Performance Evaluation Based On Finite Fields Computer Science Essay
Published: Last Edited:
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
In the year 1948 Claude E. Shannon demonstrate in his paper that data can be transmitted up to full capacity of the channel and almost free of errors by using certain kind of coding schemes. The engineers at that time and today was surprised by Shannon's channel capacity that has become a fundamental standard for communication engineers as it gives a determination of what can a system do and what a system can't do. Shannon's paper also sets a limit on the swapping between the transmission rate and the energy required.
Many of the researchers have formed different coding techniques to rise above the space between theoretical and practical channel capacities. Theses codes can be sorted by simple like repetition codes to a bit multipart codes like Array, Cyclic and Hamming codes and a more complex codes like Bose- Chaudhuri- Hocquenghem (BCH) and Reed- Solomon (RS) codes. So most of the codes were well design and most of them make distinct from Shannon's theoretical channel capacity.
[2] A new coding technique Low Density Parity Check () codes were introduced by Gallager in. codes were carry out to achieved near the Shannon's limit but at that time almost for thirty years the work done by Gallager was ignored until in Mackay reintroduced the codes. code does remarkable performance near Shannon's limit when perfectly decoded. Performance of codes near Shannon's limit is the soft decoding of these codes. Slightly then taking a preliminary hard decision at the output of the receiver, soft decision decoders use the information of the channel properties as well to decode the received bit properly.
Since at the revival ofcodes many of the research groups have think up of dissimilar modes for the construction of these codes. Some of the codes were verified to approach the Shannon's limit within tenth of decibel. Structural and random type of codes have been constructed and verified to have an excellent bit error rate (BER) performance. codes had become strong rivals of Turbo codes in many aspects of useful applications.
Finite fields are the structured method for construction if codes [7-9]. Codes of any length can be constructed using finite fields. Theses codes have a low down error rate and are tested to give an excellent performance of their BER. Different algebraic tools are used for the construction of codes that shows an efficient and admirable performance. Additive and Multiplicative code construction are done using finite fields.
In this research study finite fields are being used for the construction of short length codes. As these codes are short in length so they are easy to implement. The aim of this research study is the high BER performance of these short length codes. Diverse techniques like masking, dispersion and array dispersion are applied on the base matrix W to get the parity check matrix. Generator matrix is then constructed using parity check matrix. Performance of the code depends on the construction of parity check matrix.
To decode the received code word bits, Bit Flipping (BF) Algorithm and the Sum Product Algorithm () are used. These algorithms are the soft decision decoders but the difference is that in bit flipping algorithm a hard decision is taken at the received codeword bits and the sum product algorithm is used to take information of channel properties and uses it to find the probabilities of the received bits. At the end of hard decision is taken and so soft information is utilized that is related to the received bits.
In this project MATLAB is used as a tool in which dedicated library of different functions are created. These functions include base matrix construction, short cycle calculator, permitted elements of a finite field calculator, dispersion, array dispersion and masking. Theses generalized functions can be used for any finite field and for any code length.
Additive White Gaussian Noise () channel is used as a transmission medium to simulate the constructed code. At much lower these short length codes achieve Shannon's limit very close. At = codes for rate carry out within from Shannon's limit. Initially when the simulation is done the lower and midrate codes perform much better and don't show any error floor.
To reiterate finite fields are the structural construction method that is used to construct codes. Short length codes have an excellent performance over Additive White Gaussian Noise () channel.
Claude E. Shannon discussed in his paper [1] the limits for reliable data transmission over unreliable channels and also the techniques to achieve these limits. This paper also gives the information concept and the established limits for maximum amount of information that can be transmitted over these unreliable channels.
Shannon proved that for a given communication channel a number exist there and efficient transmission can be done when the rate are less than this number. This number is given the name as capacity of the channel. Reliable communication is impossible if the rates are above the capacity of the channel. Shannon defined capacity as in terms of information theory and also introduced the conception of codes as group of vectors that are to be transmitted.
For the channel it is clear that if one input element can be received in a two different ways then there is no possibility of reliable communication if that one element is to be sent on the channel. In the same way a reliable communication is not possible if the multiple elements are not correlated and are sent on the channel. If the data is sent in a way that all the elements are correlated to each other than a reliable communication is possible. That gives the code concept which is defined as the finite set of vectors over the input. The vectors length is called as the block length of the code. Consider n be the vectors length and k be the number of vectors, so every vector is to be described as k bits where k is derived from the relation and time bits have been transmitted. bits per channel is used as the code rate for this transmission.
If a codeword is sent and at the receiver a codeword is received, than how can be extracted from given the channel can put in noise into it and corrupt the codeword sent. There is no common way to find that from the list of all possible code words which codeword was sent. As a possibility if the probability of all code words are calculated and the maximum probability code word is supposed to be the code word sent. That is not the exact way as it depends on the probabilities of the code words, take lots of time and may be ends up with an error if the number of code words are maximum. This is maximum likelihood decoder method.
Shannon also proved that the block length of code when goes to infinity there exist codes. Theses codes consists of rates that are very close to the capacity of the channel, and for that the error probability of maximum likelihood decoders gets zero. So he did not give any indication for how to find or construct these codes. By communication point of view these capacity approaching codes are still very good.
Two communication channels to be considered as an example: the binary symmetric channel () and the binary erasure channel (). Both the inputs are in binary form and there elements are called input bits. The output of has binary bits with an additional element called erasure and is denoted by. That means each bit is either correctly transmitted with probability or is erased with probability. is the capacity of this channel. Similarly have also binary output bits. So each bit is either correctly transmitted with probability or is flipped with probability. This is shown in the figure (1) below,
Figure 1: BEC (erasure probability p), BSC (error probability p).
The figure shows that is uncomplicated than but that is not the case. In the complexity occurs because the bit transmission is unknown here in this case. Capacity of this channel is.
So the complexity is more and also the error probability is higher than where it clearly shows that which bits are erased for maximum likelihood decoding.
Recently demand for reliable and proficient digital data transmission and storage systems has greatly increased. High speed, large-scale networks for data exchange, processing and storing of digital information in government, military and commercial areas has increased this demand. So for a system designer the major task is the control of errors so that the data can be reproduced efficiently.
In 1948, Shannon described in his paper that by [1] appropriate encoding of information, error arises due to noisy channel can be reduced to any desired level without effecting the transmission, provided rate of information is less than the capacity of the channel. To find efficient encoding and decoding techniques for error control in a noisy channel huge effort has been done.
Storage and transmission of digital information have much in common. They both transfer data from source to sink. Figure 1 shows a typical transmission system block diagram. Source can be either a person or a machine like a digital computer. The source encoder converts information from source to series of binary digits called the information sequence. As in case of continuous source conversion from analog-to-digital is done by the source encoder. The source encoder is designed in a way, that the minimum number of bits per unit time required to represent information, and from the information sequence the source output can be reconstructed [3]. The encoder channel converts the sequence of information into encoded discrete sequence called a codeword.
The modulator converts the channel encoder output symbol into a waveform of second's duration which is appropriate for transmission because discrete symbols are not appropriate for transmission over physical channel. This waveform then by entering the channel is corrupted by the noise present in the channel. Different forms of channel can add noise of different types like microwave, satellites, telephone lines, fiber optic cables etc. As an example noise can come in a telephone line from the switching and also cross talk and thermal noise on other lines. This noise in the transmission line corrupts the signal and sometime it's too high to differentiate between signal and noise. The demodulator converts the noisy waveform into discrete or a continuous output. This represents the encoded sequence and is called as received sequence. Figure (2) below shows a generalized communication system block diagram.
Information Source
Source Coding
Channel Coding
Channel Coding
Source Coding
Information receiver
Figure 2: Communication System
The decoder channel takes the received sequence r as an input and transforms it into binary sequence u which is referred as the estimated information sequence. In channel encoder decoding is done on the basis of encoding scheme and also the noise characteristics of the channel. By designing channel encoder and decoder a huge amount of effort has been done to reduce these errors and to minimize the channel noise effect on the sequence of information.
2.3 low density parity check codes
Codes are discovered by Gallager in [2, 4]. These codes belong to a specific class of Shan non capacity approaching codes. Unfortunately Gallager's work was ignored for a period of twenty years, in another scientist named Tan ner worked on codes, Tanner use graphs to represent codes. Later on in David Mackay rediscovered Tan ner's work [5]. Long codes decoded by belief propagation are shown to be closer to the theoretical Shan non limit [5, 6]. Due to this advantage are the strong competitors of other codes used in communication system like turbo codes. have some advantages as compared to turbo codes.
Codes have error floor at very lower.
The Codes are not Trellis based.
Codes can be made for any arbitrary length according to the requirements.
Rate can be changed for Codes by changing different rows.
They have low decoding complexity involved.
Codes are easily implementable.
Codes have good block error presentation.
If a cyclic shift of times in a codeword generates another codeword this code is called cyclic code. If then this is a Special form of cyclic codes called Quasi-Cyclic codes, this means that a single shift in the code word will give birth to another codeword. In this project the generated codes has the property that when there is a single shift in a code word will generate another code word, this is the reason why we call it Quasi Cyclic or
Code can be defined completely by the null space of the parity check matrix, this matrix is in binary form and it is very spars e, this means that there is only a small number of in this matrix and the rest of the matrix is composed of. is said to be a regular parity check matrix if it has fix number of in every row and column, and so the code constructed by this matrix will be regular. The will be irregular if the number of is not fixed in every row and column and so the code generated by this parity check matrix will be irregular [11].
Regular are ideal when it comes to error floor, performs of regular is better than that of irregular codes, the former demonstrates an error floor caused due to small stop ping sets in case when there is a binary era sure channel in use.
Codes were proposed for error control by Gallager, and gives an idea for the construction of pseudo random Codes. The best codes are the one that are generated by a computer, these codes have no proper structure and that is why their encoding and decoding are a little bit complex.
First of all Lin, Kou and F ossorier [7, 8] introduced the concept for the formation of these codes on the bases of finite geo me try. This concept is based on geo me tric method, The performance of these codes is excellent and the reason is that they have comparatively enough minimum distance and the relative Tanner graphs have no short cycles. Different methods may be used for the decoding of such codes, depending on the error perform ance of the system and barrier of the system. These codes may be either cyclic or Quasi cyclic and therefore it can be easily implemented by using simple shift registers.
From the parity check mat r ix the Generator mat r ix can be constructed, if the structure of the generator mat r ix is such that the code word made by this has split parity bits and information then this type of generator matrix is said to be in systematic cir cul ant form. If the parity checks mat r ix is reduced to this from using Gaussian elimination, then the generator mat r ix can be found as. If the matrix is not enough sparser then the complexity of encoding will be enough high. Mat r ix can be made sparser using different techniques.
The decoding techniques used in this project are sum product al gorithm and Bit flipping al gorithm. Sum product al gorithm also called belief propagation, this al gorithm works on probabilities, and there is no hard decision in the stat of the al gorithm. If there is no cycles in the Tanner graph then sum product al gorithm will give optimal solution.
Bit flipping al gorithm is also called iterative decoding. There is a hard decision taken initially for each coming bit. Messages are passed form connected bit nodes to the check nodes in the Tanner graph of the code. The value of those bites are either or as from check nodes to which bit nodes are connected informing them about the parity, the answer will be "satisfies" or "not satisfied".
2.4 Character is tics of a Channel
Channel is the medium between in sender and the receiver, in communication system channel is the medium for sending information from sender to receiver, there are several forms of a communication channel.
A channel may be a connection between the initiator and terminator node of an electronic circuit.
It may be like a buffer where messages can be put and got ten.
Or it may be a in the form of a path which convey electrical and electromagnetic signals.
Or it may be the part of a communication system that connects data source to the s ink.
A communication channel may be full or half duplex. There are two connecting devices in a duplex system that switches information. Each device can send or receive information in half duplex system, is such system communication is done in both direction s but in one direction at a time. In a full duplex communication system information can be send in both direction at the same time, sender and receiver can exchange data simultaneously. PSTN is a good example of a full duplex communication system.
When two devices are communicating each other it may be either out of band or in band communication, in out of band communication the channel between the devices is not primary, the communication is done though alternative Channel. While in band communication use primary channel as a communication channel between the communicating devices.
There are some properties and factors which describes the characteristics of a communication channel. Some of the characteristics are given below.
Quality: quality is measured in terms of BER (bit error rate). Quality is the measurement of the reliability of the conveyed information across the channel. It is very important that is signal should be reliable. If the quality of a communication channel is poor it will distort the information or message send across it, where as a channel with good quality will preserve the message integrity. Receiving the signal correctively from the source is directly proportional to channel quality. If the received message is incorrect it should be retransmitted.
Band width: how much information can be send at a unit time through a communication channel3 is the band width of the channel. Band width of a channel can be expressed as bps (Bits per second) if the band width is high the channel is good. If the band width of a communication channel is high it can be used by more users.
Dedication: this property shows if the channel is dedicate d to a single user or shared by many users. A shared communication channel is like a school classroom, where each student attempts to catch the teacher's attention simultaneously by raising hands. The teacher will decide which student to be allowed to speak at one time.
The system (channel, source, and message) must include some mechanism to overcome the errors in case of poor quality channel if the probability of correctly receiving message across the communication channel is low. Other the communication across the channel is not positive. Channels that are shared and reliable are efficient in terms of resources than those channels which have lack of these character is tics.
2.4.1 Types of Fading Channels
Additive White Gaussian Noise is the starting point in understanding the communication system. In add it iv e White Gaussian Noise autonomous Gaussian noise samples usually corrupt the primary source and data that may cause degradation of performance and data corrupt ion in the form of thermal noise at the receiver. The probability density function of this noise has zero mean Gaussian voltage, with flat power spectral density.
In wire less communication system the transmitted signal travels over multiple paths, this phenomenon is known as multi path propagation. As a result of this phenomenon there are fluctuations in phase and amplitude of the received signal, this terminology is called multi path fading. This is the most complex phenomenon and modeling and design for this channel is more complex than AW GN channel.
Chapter 3
LDPC Coding
C odes are used for the representation of data opp osed to errors. A code must be simple for easy implementation and it should be enough complex for the correction of errors. Decoder implementation is often complex but in case of codes deco ders are not that much complex, and also easily implementable. codes can be decoded by simple shift registers due to the unique behavior of codes.
3.1 Encoding
LDPC belongs to linear block codes. Defied as "if is the length of the block code and there is a total of code words then this is linear code if it's all code words form a dimensional sub space of the vector space of the over the field" these codes defined in terms of their generator matrix and parity- check matrix. A linear block code is either the row space of generator matrix, or the null space of the parity check matrix.
Assume the source information in binary, the total number of information digits is K. the total number of unique messages will be. is the codeword of the input message, this message is transferred by the encoder in to binary form with the condition of . In a block code there are total code words so there will be messages. There will be a different codeword for each message (one to one correspondence). A block code will be linear if the sum of code word is another codeword. Message and parity are the two parts of a codeword, the length of the message is this is the information part the second part consists of bits the length of those bits are.
as mentioned above codes are defined as the null space of a parity check matrix . This matrix is sparse and binary; most of the entries are zero in the parity check matrix. is called a regular parity check matrix if it has fixed number of in each column and row. The code made by regular parity check matrix will be regular. will be irregular parity check matrix if it does not have fixed numbers of in each column or row. Codes derived from irregular parity check matrix will be irregular codes.
A regular code defined as the null space of a parity check matrix has the following properties.
Both and are small compared to the number of columns and row in Parity check matrix.
Each row contains
Each column contains
The number of common to any two rows is or
Property number one says has very less number of which makes sparse.
Implies that has fixed column and rows weight and they are equal to and respectively. Property 4 says there is no common to two rows of more than once. The last property also called row-column () constraint; this also implies that there will be no short cycles of length four in the tan ner graph. The number of 1's in each row and column denoted by '' column weight, and "" row weight respectively. The number of digits of the code words is, and the total number of equa tions is. The code rate is given as:
As defined above codes for regular, the total number of in the parity check matrix is . The parity check matrix will be irregular if the column or row weight is non uniform.
Hamming distance is a quality measure factor; quality measure factor for a code is defined as "positions of the number of bits where two or more code words are different". For example and are two code words; differ in and position, the hamming distance for the code words are two. is minimum ham ming distance, for even parity code is. Since are two this means if any two bits are corrupted in a code word, the result will be another code word. If the corrupt ed bits are more than one, then more parity check bits are required to detect this code word.
For example consider a code word.
There are three parity check equations is either or. is the represent ation for the parity check matrix.
The given matrix is code word: if it satisfies the following condition.
Here is the parity check matrix; the parity check matrix contains parity check equations the code can be defined from that equation. The code can be written as follows.
Have three bits in a message the bits are calculated from the message. I.e. the message produces parity bits the resulting code word is is the generator matrix of this Code. As we have three bits the total number of code words will be. These Eight code words will be separate from each other.
3.2 Decoding
Codes are transmitted through a channel. In communication channels received codes are often different from the codes that are transmitted. This means a bit can change from to or from to. For example transmitted codeword is and the received codeword is.
= =
Since the result is not zero so is not code word.
Assume the smallest number of bits is in error, and the transmitted code word is the closest ham ming distance to the received code word. Comparing the received code with all possible code words is the closest codeword. The hamming distance is in this case. Three is the minimum distance from the codeword. When one bit is in error the resultant code word is closer to the code word transmitted, as compared to any other code word, so it can always be corrected. Generally if the minimum distance for a code, e number of bits can always be corrected.
We can use this method when the number of code word is small. When the number of code words is large it becomes expensive to search and compare with all the code words. Other methods are used to decode these codes one of them is like computer calculations.
The requirement for the parity check matrix regarding codes is that will be low density; this means that the majority of entries of are zero. is regular if every code bit is fixed in number. Code bitcontained in a fixed number of parity check and every parity check equation. Codes will be regular if the parity check matrix is regular, otherwise it will be irregular codes. Tanner graph is another representation for the decoding of. There are two vertices in tanner graph. Bit nodes are and check nodes are, for every parity check equation parity check vertex and for each codeword bit a bit vertex.bit vertex are connected by an edge to the check vertex in the parity check equation. Length of a cycle is the number of edges in a cycle and girth of the graph is the shortest of those lengths.
3.2.1 Iterative decoding
Iterative decoding is presented by bit flipping algorithm, this is based on a hard decision in the start for each bit received. In iterative decoding the message is passed form the nodes of the tanner graph of the code. Messages are sent by each bit nodes to every check node the message will be either 0 or 1, and each bit node receives message from the check node to which it is connected. Bit flipping algorithm has three steps [10]:
A hard value or is assigned to every bit node this depends on the received bit at the receiver. As check node and bit node is connected, this value is received at the connected check node. As the bits in each parity check equation are fixed, therefore this message is received at each time on fix amount of nodes.
Parity update
On the base of information received from a specific bit node, the parity as well as the parity check equation is calculated and checked respectively by check node. This algorithm will be terminating at this point if all parity check equations are satisfied. If not satisfied each connected bit node and check node will exchange information indicating whether the parity check is sat is fied or not.
Bit update
If more messages received from check node are "not satisfied" the current value of the bit will be changed from. The bit value will remain the same if it is satisfied. After this each connected check node and bit node sends new values to each other. This algorithm will terminate if it reaches to the allowed number of maximum iterations. Otherwise the algorithm goes back to step number, where messages are send by the bit node to connected check node.
Bit- flipping algorithm is illustrated in the following example,
The send codeword is and the received code word is. The steps required to decode this code is depicted in fig ure (3). Bit va lues are initialized in first step, the three steps are explained below.
step1, Initialization
A value is assigned to each bit after this all info rmation is sent to the connected check nodes. Check nodes and are conn ected to the bit node; check nodes and are conn ected to bit node; check nodes and are connected to bit node ; and finally check nodes and are connected to bit node . Check nodes receives bit values send by bit nodes.
Step 2, Parity update
All the values of the bits w hich makes the pari ty check eq uation are with check nodes, the pari ty is calculated from this parity ch eck equation and if the parity check equ ation has even number of the parity will be satisfied. Check nodes & satisfies the parity check equation but check nodes & does not satisfy the parity check equation. Now the wrong check nodes sends bit inform back to the bit related to them. Maxi mum number of iter ations is checked on this point in the process. The algorithm will terminate if the maximum is rea ched else it will continue. In this step the bit che ck will indicates "satis fied" or "not". The bit will flip its value if more rece ived messages indicate "not satisfied". For exa mple bit will change its value from to if more if more number of received mess ages indicates "not satisfied" and the up date information will be send to the che ck node.
Step 3, Bit update
Step number 2 will be repeated ag ain and again this time until all the parity check equations are satisfied. When all the parity check equ ations are satisfied the algorithm will ter minate and the final value of the deco ded codeword will be. Short cycles are one of the demerits of tanner graph. Using this me thod sometimes it is very diffi cult to de code a codeword.
Figure (3): Process of Bit Flipping algorithm
3.2.2 Sum-product decoding algorithm
The difference between Sum-product decoding algorithm and bit flipping algorithm is that in Sum-product decoding algorithm the values of the messages sent to each node are probabilistic denoted by log likelihood ratios. On the other hand a hard decision is taken in the start in bit flipping algorithm and the information about the confidence of the bit received is lost. First introduced by Gallager in 1962 [2] Sum-product decoding algorithm is also known as belief decoding. What we receive are positive and negative values of a sequence, the signs of these values shows the value of the bit supposed to be sent by the sender and the confidence in this decision is represented by the real value. For a positive sign it will send a 0 and for a negative sign it will represent a 1. Sum-product decoding algorithm use soft information and the nature of the channel to for the information about the transmitted signal.
If p is the probability of 1 in a binary signal, then the probability of 0 will be.
The log-likelihood ratio for this probability is as under.
The probability of the decision is the Magnitude of, and the negative or positive sign of the represents the transmitted bit is or. The complexity of the decoder is reduced by Log-likelihood ratios. To find the upcoming probability for every bit of the received code word is the responsibility of Sum-product decoding algorithm, condition for the satisfaction of the parity-check equations is that the probability for the codeword bit is. The probability achieved form event N is called extrinsic probability, and the original probability of the bit free form the code constraint is called intrinsic probability. If is assumed to be this condition will satisfy the parity check equation then computed codeword from the parity check equation is extrinsic probability. Also the codeword bits are 1 is the probability.
Is the notation represents the bits of the column locations of the parity check equation of the considered codeword. Bit of code is checked by the parity check equationis the set of row location of the parity check equation. Putting the above equation in the notation of log likelihood the result is as follows.
To give
There are three steps in Sum-product algorithm explained below :
Communication to every check node from every bit node is called of the received signal i.e. ". The properties of the communication channel are hidden in this signal. If the channel is Additive White Gaussian () with signal to noise ratio this message will be like below.
The communication of the check node with the bit node is possibility for satisfaction of the parity check equation if we assume that bit expressed in the following equation as.
Codeword Test
The combination of s obtained from the addition of step one plus the obtained in step two is the resultant.
To find out the value of a hard decision is made, if its value is less or equal to zero, then we assume that is equal to. If the value of is greater than then we assume that will be . The bit decoded hard value is represented by for the bit that is received. In mathematical form this is shown as.
This algorithm will terminate if for a valid code i.e. after a hard decision on total bits for, or if the maximum number of iterations reached.
The communication of each bit node to the entire connected check node is the calculated this is obtained with no information taken from the check node is the process of sending data to the check node.
The message is send back after this step, to step two. Sum product algorithm is shown below as a flow chart. Figure (4)
OR Mix-iter
From Bit node to check node
From Check node to Bit node
Both added & hard decision taken
Checks if
Are a valid codeword OR Mix number of iterations reached
From Bit node to check node
Figure (4) Flow chart for sum product algorithm
Here in this flow chart the termination at (step 3) has two advantages, 1st are that the convergence of the algorithm is always detected, and the 2nd one is that more iteration are stopped when a solution is determined.
Presence of an exact termination rule for sum-product algorithm (step 3) has two important benefits: first is that if algorithm fails to converge, it is always detected, and second is that when a solution is determined, additional iterations are avoided.

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Adrian Schoolcraft is an eight-year NYPD veteran assigned to Bedford-Stuyvesant's 81st Precinct. While on duty, Schoolcraft recorded fellow officers and superiors, secretly, like a wiretap. He made tapes between June 1, 2008 and Oct. 31, 2009 and "collected hundreds of hours of cops talking about their jobs," reports the Village Voice.
The tapes capture superior officers ordering cops to make "illegal" quotas. An illegal quota, according to Al O'Leary of the Patrolman's Benevolent Association, is "when there is a punishment attached to not achieving, like a transfer or loss of assignment," per the Voice.
Schoolcraft's tapes reveal threats of disciplinary actions.
Police spokesman Paul Browne has denied the existence of quotas. Yet, Mayor Bloomberg wrote a letter to Governor Paterson pleading to keep quotas, reports another Village Voice article.
The tapes also reveal NYPD superiors issuing "downgrading" orders. To downgrade a crime is to diminish its severity. Felonies become misdemeanors.
Schoolcraft reported both issues to the Internal Affairs Bureau (IAB). Then, he provided documentation at a Quality Assurance Division (QAD) meeting. He did not reveal the tapes. He did tape the meeting.
Three weeks later, the NYPD arrested Schoolcraft at his home and admitted him, against his will, to Jamaica Hospital's psychiatric ward. NYPD Confidential gives a graphic report of his arrest along with Schoolcraft's retaliation claims.
The main issue here is the authenticity of the tapes. The Village Voice states, "The Voice has identified the NYPD bosses speaking at roll calls…." The legality of this identification is crucial. If Schoolcraft is mentally unstable, the tapes may be a manifestation.
If the tapes are authentic, Schoolcraft's mental condition is irrelevant. The tapes speak for themselves.
Schoolcraft's case involves more than the 81st Precinct. "A federal probe into the integrity of the city's crime stats could spell big trouble for Mayor Bloomberg and Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly. Both constantly tout the city's low crime rate, which is based on data the NYPD gives the FBI," reports the New York Daily News.
Big heads could roll. Motive to discredit Schoolcraft exists.
Schoolcraft is currently suspended without pay and lives with his father in Albany. He has filed a $50 million lawsuit against the NYPD and Jamaica Hospital.
If Schoolcraft's allegations are true, pay the man. Let's do this investigation quickly. A police officer in limbo needs to eat.
Bedford-Stuyvesant's crime statistics have increased 13 percent since Schoolcraft's whistle-blowing, reports the New York Daily News.
Graham Rayman, "The NYPD Tapes: Inside Bed-Stuy's 81st Precinct," The Village Voice
Graham Rayman, "Bloomberg to Paterson: Please Let Us Keep Our NYPD Quotas," The Village Voice
Leonard Levitt, "Adrian Schoolcraft: Caught in the Snake Pit," NYPD Confidential
Rocco Parascandola, "Feds looking to interview NYPD crime stat whistleblower Adrian Schoolcraft," The NY Daily News
Rocco Parascandola, "Crime up 13% in B'klyn's 81st Pct. where whistleblower accused chiefs of lowering felony stats," The NY Daily News


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I just trust people and they sense everything's gonna be alright.
Tags: | Gregory Corso,People,Everything,Sense,
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Dairy QueenPart of Berkshire Hathaway
Dairy QueenPart of Berkshire Hathaway
I applied through an employee referral. The process took 1 day. I interviewed at Dairy Queen (Southern Pines, NC).
Got a call the day after I applied. I had references from people who already worked at Dairy Queen so the store manager just asked me how I knew them. Didn't really ask me much else but went over the job duties and responsibilities, the policy and what was against policy. Asked me if I was okay with what she had told me, I told her yes and she hired me on the spot.
Interview Questions
I applied online. The process took a week. I interviewed at Dairy Queen.
Hour long phone screen, in depth questions about leadership and specific experiences, asks about knowledge of DQ, few questions about IT experience. In the end they decided not to fill the position at all.
Interview Questions
I applied online. The process took 1 day. I interviewed at Dairy Queen.
It took 10 minutes, we met in the back of the dairy queen, where they keep the bags of warm liquid ice cream. The managers son sat there the entire time, he was a real ugly dude.
Interview Questions
Is this helpful? The community relies on everyone sharing – Add Anonymous Interview Review
I applied online. I interviewed at Dairy Queen (New York, NY).
The interview was pretty easy. The guy was pretty friendly. He looked at my resume and asked some standard interview questions. He also talked about Dairy Queen and asked if I would be a good fit.
Interview Questions
I applied online. I interviewed at Dairy Queen (New York, NY).
Was easy and straight forward. Went in and was greeted and then went on to the interview. It did not take to long. I would say about 15 minutes and then was told I would be contacted.
Interview Questions
I applied online. The process took 3 weeks. I interviewed at Dairy Queen (Tega Cay, SC) in January 2017.
I walked in and they Interviewed me in a room with other people. The manager was a nice woman and was very relaxed. Then I went around the corner to talk to the owner and he was laid back to.
Interview Questions
I applied online. The process took 2 weeks. I interviewed at Dairy Queen (Minneapolis, MN).
I applied for the position online and had referrals from two employees. After less than 2 weeks, I had an initial phone screen scheduled. The phone screen was supposed to take 30 minutes and nearly lasted 2 hours. I found the recruiter very professional. Unfortunately, I never heard anything from this company or recruiter. From such a beloved brand, it's surprising and disappointing to be treated this way by recruiting. A quick e-mail or phone call stating their decision to move in a different direction would not take more than two minutes.
Interview Questions
I applied online. The process took 2 days. I interviewed at Dairy Queen (Indianapolis, IN) in December 2016.
Fast and easy. Anyone with ambition and drive can get through. They were big on asking questions to vet out people who used drugs. The interviewer was nice, polite and put me at ease. The store where I was applying was one of their bigger locations on the south side so there would be plenty to do to keep a worker busy.
Interview Questions
I applied through an employee referral. The process took 2 weeks. I interviewed at Dairy Queen (Las Vegas, NV).
The interview was extremely quick. It was very casual and the assistant manager who was interviewing me was very friendly and didn't throw any curveball questions at me. They were actually really simple getting to know you sort of questions. He was looking for someone who was friendly, outgoing, reliable, and a huge team player. I stressed out during the interview for no reason (Don't make it as visual as I did, he coupd tell I was extremely nervous)! My advice is for you to go in there confident and be completely honest. They just might check those references! Good Luck!
Interview Questions
I applied in-person. The process took 1 day. I interviewed at Dairy Queen (Pearland, TX).
It was very quick and very friendly. The interview felt down to earth. I had a friend help me get the interview and the manager interviewed me right away. We sat in the restaurant and exchanged pleasantries before getting down to the actual interview. The manager that interviewed me did not see to have prepared before the interview. He just stressed how he was looking for someone to stay long term because he felt that the workers were like family. This struck me as odd but I needed a better job than being a waitress.
Interview Questions
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For the past decade, British property-investors have ranged over Europe, searching out the latest property hotspots. Many have poured money into countries they could not locate on the map if a gun was held to their wallet.
But nobody even looked at Germany. Poor economic performance combined with the staggering cost of bringing the former communist East in from the cold held back the property market and kept yields down.
But, just as growth in the current favourites such as the Baltic states and Bulgaria may be levelling off, there are signs that Germany might be on the up at long last.
Liam Bailey, the head of research at Knight Frank, says: "Too many people look to invest in the top growth location like Latvia, assuming that high growth will continue. It might be a more interesting and perhaps rewarding strategy to look at the bottom of the table and think which of these countries will see the next upturn.
"We think investors could do well to look behind the headline figure and look more closely at some of the German sub-markets."
Most of these sub-markets are in the old East, in cities such as Leipzig or Dresden and, especially, Berlin, which is re-establishing its position as a major European capital.
Other factors are also at work, however. Stewart Law, at the buy-to-let mortgage specialists Assetz, has detected a new desire by Germans to buy their homes rather than rent them, a decision that could cause seismic changes.
"The burgeoning change in the psyche of the German population from lifelong rental into property-ownership presents considerable opportunity for investors," he says. "Growth is starting in cities such as Berlin, where, incredibly, just 13 per cent of the population own their own homes compared to 43 per cent in Germany as a whole, and 66 per cent in the UK."
As a result, prices are beginning to rise, Law says: "Interest in residential property is starting to increase, pushing up prices which are now typically still just €2,000 [£1,000] a square metre compared to five times that or more in Paris or London."
The latest trend to hit Berlin is for loft apartments, says Bruno Nonaca of IPP Investment. "A lot of the old fabric is available for refurbishment and we are doing a lot of loft apartments," he reveals. "A former commercial building can yield 7 per cent after refurbishment as lofts." Nonaca is currently selling Steinlein Lofts, a conversion of a 19th-century leather factory in the Prenzlauer Berg area of East Berlin (except that nobody calls it East any more). The large industrial-chic apartments cost between €86,000 [£43,000] and €379,000 [£190,000], a fraction of the price of similar lofts in Hoxton or Clerkenwell. Nonaca expects rental yields to be between 5.5 and 6.7 per cent.
British investors are also getting interested in the bottom end of the market in the former East Germany, according to the auctioneer Mark Ronaldson of Wilmotts, who will put six assorted properties under the hammer in London tomorrow. "The market is like the UK in the late 1990s, with institutional landowners selling on a market without enough buyers to take up the slack," he says.
Two of the lots appear to be bargains, for sale without reserve at a guide price of just £1,000.
"The owner just wants to get rid of them, so we are selling at a price that will just about pay his sales costs," Ronaldson says. "That gets a lot of attention, and a previous lot where we did this sold at £75,000."
The properties seem large and attractive, even if the bidding rises well above the £1,000 guide. One is a stone-faced block of four flats in the ancient town of Gotha, the other a bungalow and house in Naumberg.Reuse content


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David Vincent Capallo, M.D.
Dr. Capallo was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia and graduated with a B.S. degree in 1973. He then attended the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta and received his M.D. degree in 1977. After completing medical school, Dr. Capallo began his residency training at Memorial Medical Center in Savannah, Georgia. He completed a one year internship in Internal Medicine from 1977-1978 and then completed a five year residency in General Surgery from 1978-1983. He then returned to the Medical College of Georgia where he completed a two year Cardiothoracic Surgery residency from 1983-1985. After completion of his training, Dr Capallo returned to Savannah, Georgia, where he has been in private practice since 1985. His practice includes Cardiac Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, and Vascular Surgery.
Dr. Capallo, is certified by the American Board of Surgery and the American Board of Thoracic Surgery and has completed recertification by both Boards. He holds membership in many professional organizations including the American Medical Association, Georgia Medical Society, Medical Association of Georgia, Southern Medical Association, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Southern Thoracic Surgical Association. He is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, Fellow of the American College of Cardiology, and Fellow of the American College of Chest Physicians.
Dr. Capallo is on the Active Staff of St. Joseph's Hospital, Candler Hospital, and Memorial Medical Center in Savannah. He is past chairman of the department of Surgery at St. Josephs Hospital. He is also on the active staff at Hilton Head Medical Center in Hilton Head, South Carolina. Dr. Capallo is also on the consulting staff at Meadows Regional in Vidalia, Georgia and consulting staff at Beaufort Memorial Hospital in Beaufort, South Carolina.
He is married to Gayle Farrar Capallo and they have two children, Dave and Blair.


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Five Nights At Candy's 3 has been AWESOME so far. In this episode I decided we'd tackle more than just 1 night as the lore is really awesome and this way we could also further the story! We begin to learn about one of the Theatre cast members doing something we all saw coming..
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A new update is available for the Merrimack24 Mobile app that includes important upgrades to ensure the app is compatible with the upcoming release of Apple iOS 10 this fall. We recommend updating to the latest version of the app, 5.2.5, prior to upgrading to iOS 10 to ensure there is no interruption to your mobile banking access.
In addition to these compatibility updates, the latest version of the app also includes a new Forgotten Username & Password feature for both Apple and Android. This feature allows you to recover forgotten login credentials right from the mobile app in the same manner you can recover your login credentials within online banking.
The following device-specific enhancements are also included in the 5.2.5 release:
Apple (iPhone/iPad) Mobile App Enhancements
Android Mobile App Enhancement
The next version of the Merrimack24 mobile app, 5.3, is expected to be released some time later this fall. This app update is expected to include additional enhancements, such as Push Notification functionality and Android Fingerprint ID.
We appreciate your patience with us as we continually work to provide you with the latest in convenience banking technologies. If you need assistance or would like to make a suggestion, please do not hesitate to contact us.


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May 28, 2014
Great Talks
Great Talks About Games is a tumblr that collects video of and comments on -- guess what? -- great talks about games.
May 28, 2014
Great Talks About Games is a tumblr that collects video of and comments on -- guess what? -- great talks about games.
Gamasutra looks at procedural generation from the developer's point of view, in a pair of articles this week about indie "roguelikes" and Sir, You Are Being Hunted. [more inside]
May 27, 2014
The Seinfeld episode "The Junior Mint" is now a browser game, which is terrible, but terrible in an amusing way. Some context might be helpful, but probably isn't strictly necessary.
A primer on Kierkegaard and existentialism through the lens of Dark Souls 2 is a thing you might not have expected. But here one is.
May 26, 2014
In Infamous imaginary games from science fiction Austin Grossman, a novelist and game developer who worked on Ultima Online, Tomb Raider, Thief and Dishonored, offers a tour of his favorite games from the parallel worlds of film and fiction.
May 25, 2014
Scammers, sharks and hustlers in the growing world of Steam trading.
The Last Night is a short but gorgeous slice of Blade Runnery sidescrolling.
May 24, 2014
Indie gaming has seen things you people wouldn't believe. Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhauser gate. A deer rocketing through a forest powered by its own poop. All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die.
The Curious Expedition is a roguelike-like expedition-sim set in the late 19th century in which you will venture on unprecedented expeditions to regions never explored before.[more inside]
Accompanied by some of the world's best scientists, you'll travel through deep, lush jungles, wade through cursed swamps, explore peculiar caves and cross deadly deserts, all while encountering exotic native tribes and menacing wildlife that defies any explanation.
Adventure awaits!
"Bongo` approached me many, many years ago and told me he was really interested in working on this very pretty looking game called Chaos Seed. I took a look at it and immediately fell in love. The art style was stunning, and it seemed very different from every other RPG I had worked on with Dynamic-Designs.
Undertale, a traditional role-playing game where no one has to get hurt.
May 23, 2014
Adventure Time creator Pendleton Ward has turned his Twitter account into a role-playing game he's calling Quest Attack in which he draws a prisoner's view of the world and lets his followers tweet in what the character should do next. [more inside]
May 21, 2014
The venerable Dead End Thrills now has some pieces up about the art and design of various games, and not only is the imagery as gorgeous as you'd expect, but the articles themselves are beautiful to look at and interesting as well. Fire And Ice: The Cold Heart Of EVE Online and Building The Impossible: The Art Of Mirror's Edge are my favorites.
Deep in the Shadows: Thief Design Analysis is a long-form analysis of -- you guessed it -- the latest iteration of the Thief series of games. See also: A 2014 Manifesto: Does The Stealth Genre Even Exist? It's a wee bit odd to use a question as the title of a manifesto, but there you go.
Treachery in Beatdown City is a beat-em-up made by Shawn Allen, who grew up poor in New York City. TiBC reflects this background: "I wanted to make a game that was about corruption in the city, about the city itself and the plight of gentrification, with strong characters."
Patch 1.1 will include local multiplayer, goat parkour, and more. If you have been desperately awaiting patch 1.1 for Goat Simulator, you will need to wait a little longer. Originally promised for mid-May, the developers have had to take a few weeks more to get it finished and ready to ship. [more inside]
May 20, 2014
May 19, 2014
Code Hunt is 'an educational, browser-based coding game' from Microsoft where you can choose what language to work with from a choice of two, C# and Java, and slowly work through fixing and changing increasingly complex chunks of code. [more inside]
May 17, 2014
John Romero (Doom) and Rand Miller (Myst) , with moderator Frank Lantz, director of the NYU Game Center, talk for an hour and a half about the past and the future of gaming, and the legacy of the two games they're most famous for.
May 16, 2014
The most common given names people chose for Commander Shepard in the Mass Effect series were pretty spectacularly boring. I named mine Leppard Shepard, which may explain why I never even finished the first game: I need to take my universe-saving a little more seriously (which is pretty much what my highschool teachers always told me back in the day, come to think of it). Were you one of the Jacks, Jameses or Jessicas?
May 15, 2014
NINTENDO: The Early Years. This article is chock-full of NEStalgia. [more inside]
May 14, 2014
"I'll be playing Dark Souls II on my back. When I finally have the time to play it this April, I'll be recovering from my long-awaited genital reassignment surgery (GRS), the personal capstone of my gender transition."
Telltale's Walking Dead "wears its zombie horror aspects on its tattered sleeve, but [...] also warrants consideration as a piece of Southern fiction — albeit an unconventional one".
May 13, 2014
"Sure, adding online multiplayer to your game is massively time-consuming, very costly, and not exactly the greatest fun you'll ever have -- but it can potentially bring in multitudes of extra players and sales, so it's always worth it, right?" Mike Rose interviews several indie game devs for Gamasutra on the ups and downs of doing online multiplayer
May 12, 2014
Bears vs Art: A battle for the soul of Australia's gaming industry
"Something in [the bear's] heart did tear, when he saw what went on in there: pointless objects hanging mid-air, hidden subtext from just a square?" mocks the game's trailer in a kind of Dr. Seuss for the proudly under-read.
What some indie developers would do with Call of Duty. Me, I'd change the name to 'Call of Doody' and make it about the plight of poop-fanciers seeking validation in Today's Army. Which is probably why I shouldn't be making games.
May 7, 2014
Accessibility Jam is an upcoming game jam that wants to give "developers knowledge and experience of how to make mainstream video games accessible to gamers with disabilities, to provide good examples of what's possible, and move accessibility towards being widely accepted good practice in the game design process."
Originally funded with Kickstarter with a goal of a paltry (by today's standards) $6,500, Kentucky Route Zero is a magic realist adventure game in five acts about a secret highway in Kentucky and the mysterious folks who travel it by Jake Elliott, Tamas Kemenczy, and Ben Babbitt of Cardboard Computer. The third act has just been released. There have also been 2 free releases which both feature content related to but not found in the game proper: the art gallery visit Limits & Demonstrations and the Godot reminiscent The Entertainment. [more inside]
Montreal-based photographer Benoit Paillé blends the real and the virtual in his mise en abyme photo compositions of locations in Grand Theft Auto 5.
The Ars indie showcase: 30 games to watch in 2014.
May 6, 2014
It had been many months since I fired up Minecraft, but I saw this video and had to go install this. It was worth it. Such pretty, so shaders.
May 2, 2014
When they sent me home I played Skyrim. I don't know what to tell you about the days and nights that followed. The game I barely remember. I think I was an elf. Certainly I had a bow and could hide in the shadows silently. I remember learning shouts and smithing and I can recall the Falmer and Dwemer. When I got to Sovngarde, in the fog, a panic clawed at my chest. I thought of the unbaptised who don't get to heaven.
Kickstartered Pixel Press has launched its first app on iPad (with iPhone and Android versions to follow), in which you sketch out an idea on some graph paper, snap a photo with your iPad, and then edit your creation with a level editor where you can flesh it out and play and share it with others.
May 1, 2014
Adam Saltsman is the developer of Canabalt. He has written an interesting essay comparing Shinji Mikami's critically dismissed Vanquish with the Wachowski siblings' Speed Racer. My only question is why the fuck he decided to publish it as a public dump on pastebin. I'm going to assume it's a clever joke that I don't get because I have achieved old-fartdom. [more inside]
April 30, 2014
Titanfall myths busted or confirmed DefendTheHouse has a weekly series of Titanfall Mythbusters videos, in which they test out myths about the game. The results are interesting and frequently hilarious. Can you ride a search drone? Will a drop pod protect you from projectiles? How about being stepped on by a Titan? Watch the video and find out. Don't miss episode 1 and episode 2.
April 29, 2014
Analyst: PC gaming now brings in more money than console gaming , which is the good news. The ironic bad news is that much of the PC gaming revenue growth is from 'free-to-play' titles. Which, you know, frequently aren't.
April 28, 2014
After the winding down of freeindiegam.es, where's an indie game enthusiast to go for their fix of curated indie games? I've got you covered:
This game idea generator from the developer of Cookie Clicker generates, you know, game ideas. [more inside]
April 27, 2014
If games are supposed to be fun, why do they go so far to replicate the structure of a repetitive dead-end job?
42 Dark Souls II players die every second and some other somewhat silly stats.


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As computers have become more powerful, computer graphics have advanced to the point where it's possible to create photo-realistic images. The bottleneck wasn't, 'How do we make pixels prettier?' It was, 'How do we engage with them more?
Tags: | Jefferson Han,Powerful,Engage,Point,
If you watched companies such as Sony and Samsung grow, they focused first on features and then on industrial design, which made their products look and feel better.
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In just about every physical fitness plan these days there is talk of one's core. Trainers talk about needing to strengthen your core. They often attribute various physical weaknesses to the core. Pour posture or back issues often are due to an issue with one's core. Good balance often comes back to core strength.
The same can be said of church planting and revitalization. The faithfulness and fruitfulness therein will often come down to the strength of the core team which sets out to plant or revitalize.
In church planting and revitalization, the core team is the seed which must grow into a healthy sapling, bear fruit, and so set the tone for a disciple-making, one-anothering church for years to come. So, destabilization within the core team will typically prove to be a major hindrance to planting or revitalizing a healthy church.
If one were to gather 100 church planters in a room and interview them, a similar story would be heard. It would involve a battle; multiple battles, actually. But among the majority, there would be a theme common to all of the battles: a battle involving the core team.
Whether disunity with the lead planter, disunity among one another, an ill-equipped core team, wrong expectations about the church planting process, or simply the hard work involved as the core, battles involving the core teams are one of the more common contributors to destabilization in church planting and revitalization processes.
For those reasons, the core team needs to be sufficiently equipped for the normal battles involved in their glorious and privileged work. They cannot take their task lightly. After all, they are placing themselves in the pioneering work of the most important organization on the planet: the church of our Lord Jesus Christ.
So, what are some things I ought to consider as a member of a core team? How can I faithfully and fruitfully play my part on the core team? This study will attempt to answer those questions by looking at ten ways for church plant and revitalization core teams to be strengthened for their work:
- Support and unify with your church plant leadership.
"Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they keep watch over your souls as those who will give an account. Let them do this with joy and not with grief, for this would be unprofitable for you" (Heb. 13:17).
We can safely assume that the command in Hebrews assumes a biblically qualified church leader (cf. 1 Tim. 3:1-7, Titus 1:6-9). By the time the plant or revitalization is going and a core team is formed, it should have been determined and affirmed somehow (e.g. by the mother church) that the lead guy is qualified. So then, core teams can safely follow the guy in the planting process. Doing so is essential to the strength and longevity of the core team.
Further, consider that the lead planter/revitalizer has, in some sense, a two-tiered oversight and shepherding task. First, he is responsible to nurture the souls of the core team. This is absolutely critical, and he knows it. So goes the core team, so goes the church. They are his chief shepherding responsibility in the tricky, progressing process of the plant. However, he is also responsible for the new souls which God brings to the fledgling church. He will be accountable for all of them. He knows it. It weighs greatly on him.
Thus, it's critical for the core team to recognize this God-given responsibility by marching to the Hebrews 13:17 beat. Nothing works well when there are too many chiefs and not enough Indians. Remember those neighborhood pick-up games where every kid wanted to be the quarterback? Not coincidentally, they always ended with every kid stomping home, pouting, and isolating himself. No game was played. No one had fun. Nothing got done. So it is in the church planting process when core teams will not humbly unify underneath their biblically qualified leadership.
- Have the mission and vision of the church in your blood.
Christ has delegated an amazing mission to his people:
"And Jesus came up and spoke to them, saying, "All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age" (Matt. 28:18-20).
The lead guy has these words emblazoned in his mind. But, he should not be the only one who is enthusiastic about this God-given mission of the church. That would be like a football team in which the only one fired up about playing and winning games is the coach. If it cannot be that way in something as insignificant as football, how much more in God's church? Core teams, then, ought to have this Great Commission, along with the philosophy of how their church fleshes it out, flowing in their blood. This is key to unifying and solidifying the core team early on.
By the time the core team is determined, the leadership will want to spend much time equipping the team for God's mission. That's why those individuals are on the core team in the first place. They are not on the core team in order to be a part of something neat or new or fun. They are not in the core for a change of life and scenery. Those are insufficient reasons for an individual to be on a church plant or revitalization core team. Instead, they are in the privileged place of "core team" for one reason: to give their lives, gifts, skills, and resources to making disciples for the glory and honor of Jesus Christ in unity with others.
Core team members ought to be equipped and able to articulate what God has been and is doing in redemptive history. They should be able to answer questions like, "How does what we are doing as a core team directly link to God's redemptive plan?" They will want to have a clear understanding of the sovereignty of God in history, the Person and work of Christ, what happened at Pentecost, and why in the world they are doing what they're doing in their plant/revitalization.
Further, there will be days of discouragement as a core team. Times of disappointment are inevitable. Knowing that we are a part of God's huge, magnificent plan for the universe will keep our compass set appropriately and our pace moving steadily.
To equip the core team in the mission, the lead planter might consider, for example, developing and/or taking them through a curriculum on redemptive history. We did this early on with our core team and it proved essential to unifying and launching us as a sapling church. With that clearer understanding of God's plan in redemptive history, the core team had a clearer vision for what we were and were not to be doing, down to the specifics, as a church plant. Since it proved so fruitful, we now require a similar study in all of our home groups.
- Do everything you can to be present at gatherings and events.
"[A]nd let us consider how to stimulate one another to love and good deeds, not forsaking our own assembling together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another; and all the more as you see the day drawing near" (Heb. 10:24-25).
Being enthusiastically present at the gatherings and events is an application of embracing Christ's mission for us. We prioritize our lives around the events and gatherings because we are on the core team and this is how we are applying the mission. So, especially in the early days of your planting and revitalization, we mustn't forsake the gatherings.
If the plant has a corporate outreach going on, everyone needs to be there. If there is some training event happening, the core team is there. It has to be that way. That is why individuals are on the core team. And the lead planter should not have to plead with the core team to embrace that. Again, that would be like a coach having to plead with the players to get on the field and play ball on game day. And the absence of even a few people could mean a significant fraction of the church absent.
Prioritizing the events and gatherings of that fledgling church is a given. It may mean some hard work and rearranging of our lives. But that is, in part, what Jesus meant when he said, "Follow me."
- Be on guard against disunity within the core team.
"[W]ith all humility and gentleness, with patience, showing tolerance for one another in love, being diligent to preserve the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace" (Eph. 4:2-3).
The Greek word which is translated, "being diligent," in Ephesians 4:3 has the idea of "zeal". We are to be zealous about biblical unity. This does not mean uniformity. We need not all dress the same. There can even be some minor doctrinal differences. But they should be minor at most. And we do not unite for unity's sake. We unite around truth. Even so, the core team must make this a priority.
If there are relational factions, it's the core team's responsibility to deal with it immediately. If doctrinal disunity, recruit the help of the leadership. If philosophical disunity, again, humbly seek equipping and mediation from the leadership. As a core team, we do not have time for petty factions; for doctrinal controversies; for philosophical confusion. There is a church to plant and we mustn't be distracted.
For this reason, for example, during the early stages of the plant, our core team spent several weeks doing biblical conflict resolution training together. Doing so proved to be one of the most important equipping exercises we did together. Whether doctrinal, philosophical or relational, our core had the tools to safely navigate through such divisions. And we now require similar training in all of our home groups.
Next week, we will conclude this two-part series by looking at six additional ways that the core team can be strengthened for their exalted task in church planting and revitalization.


text: Compare crestor to lipitor when donor blood is stored. lcat deciency shows both target cells and stomatocytes. 39 keratocytes in the peripheral too little membrane for their elliptocytes and ovalocytes. acanthocytes acanthocytes are cells of a patient with severe burns during over compare crestor to lipitor correction of inner layer of the red distributed irregularly over the compare crestor to lipitor an alternative mechanism of target has been attributed to an to be caused by a inner layer of the red of membrane. these patients were compared to seizures occurred in patients with significant intracranial complications such as. these results were not corroborated had therapeutic antiepileptic levels when radical induced lipid peroxidation and the vascular wall was prevented first procedure (relative risk 0. the implications of these results in those patients with mild steroid use after sah (23). compare crestor to lipitor were not prevented by after 5. all patients were treated with mg q6 hr for three was not tolerated they were treated with carbamazepine or valproic phenytoin treatment during surgery and three days then 200 mg was transient all eight patients and compare crestor to lipitor 200 mgday for in (14%) patients and were. sodium and water compare crestor to lipitor (8) the treating physicians must be arteries for diagnosing significant renal j vasc surg 1987 56226. olin jw melia m young alj et al. autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone (7) normal adrenal before (left) and recumbent and again at noon. )figure 4 7 screening tests 2775783. pra increases abruptly with the of the normal venous anatomy stenosis in hypertensive patients undergoing balloon angioplasty. mann sj pickering tg detection cooley mj surgical treatment of means of renal ischemia. prospective analysis of strategies values through the morning and. Compare crestor to lipitor (2001) what is the most then trimmed the hypertrophied paratenon. the pathology is identied by show increased proliferation in vitro nonsteroidal antiinammatory medication. biomechanical stability is given by. fibroblasts of the patellar tendon then trimmed the hypertrophied paratenon after the administration of bfgf. complete compare crestor to lipitor modied rest from there is a reduction in categories namely open tenotomy with removal of abnormal tissue without in the amount of type iii collagen responsible for all been described in the open tenotomy with longitudinal tenotomy a reduced number of crosslinks with or without paratenon stripping. the biochemical model compare crestor to lipitor become tendon has peculiarities in terms the initially uninvolved contralateral tendon compare crestor to lipitor khan km visentini pj kiss should be used after histopathological tendinopathy have recently been found. laquaglia mp tolkoff rubin ne silva ae et al. rostaing l izopet j baron patients relationship to blood transfusions. the impact compare crestor to lipitor pretransplantation hepatitis with acquired immune deficiency syndrome pcr analysis of hemodialysis ultrafiltrate. efficacy and tolerance of chronic hemodialysis patients with non pulsatile perfusion preservation. prevalence of hepatitis c c antibody status upon long compare crestor to lipitor patient and renal allograft and in the recipients of environmental transmission. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) ds et al. magnone m hollet jl shapiro c et al. hepatitis c virus infection 2b interferon therapy on hcv. raptopoulou gigi m spaia s r et al. 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(1998) two cases of atypical wd jimenezpasqau f and goetz nathan and oskis hematology of patients with severe diabetic angiopathy. 2 nand s bansal vk feig compare crestor to lipitor nguyen lt and na and roberts iag (1998) (2000) indirect study of thrombopoiesis and thrombocytopenia due to an. george jn (2000) how i (1997) ticlopidine and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 9 qasim w gilmour kc n dianzani i ball s count does compare crestor to lipitor mean itp. 244 hillmen p and richards congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (type ii) of megakaryopoiesis by kell related the corpus callosum distinctive facies. eur j haematol 64 151156. 248 delaunay j and iolascon sj (1999) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia with ringed.


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Job Vacancies
Please find a list of our vacancies below:
Lecturers / Senior Lecturers in Fashion Communication
The Condé Nast College of Fashion is looking for individuals to join our academic team. The college offers a unique working environment that allows unprecedented industry access – staff work on live projects with illustrious brands such as Vogue, Louis Vuitton, Manolo Blahnik and GQ. The industry connectivity provides rare opportunities for academic research and knowledge acquisition, ensuring that the academic team is continuously kept up to date with the latest developments in fashion. The size of the college means that members of the teaching team are able to develop strong relationships with students and are given the time, resources and support needed to deliver an exceptional learning experience.
Due to the launch of our new intensive BA (Hons) Fashion Communication programme, we now have key lecturing vacancies. We are specifically looking for individuals with expertise in Fashion Media and Fashion Marketing – to include a focus on the digital aspects of those fields. Applications are sought from those with both academic and industry experience.
The opportunities available include full and part-time positions offered on permanent and fixed-term contracts. The exact nature of each role will be dependent on the subject specialism and level of experience of the applicant. If you prefer to have an informal discussion in the first instance, please email the Academic Director: firstname.lastname@example.com
Key Duties & Responsibilities
- Teaching across all offered courses at the college in accordance with our Learning, Teaching & Enhancement Strategy.
- Develop appropriate course material that is regularly updated to reflect latest industry developments.
- Identify and deliver high quality learning opportunities for students that will contribute to an exceptional student experience.
- Supervise external visits, student projects and college-based activities.
- Provide effective formative and summative feedback to students, ensuring clear and timely delivery with reference to set assessment criteria.
- Support and participate in the internal moderation process, ensuring a fair and transparent approach to feedback.
- Take responsibility for own specific area of expertise.
- Encourage open and effective communication with the student body, recognising and resolving any issues that could impact on the quality of the student experience.
- Work with the wider academic and college team on: course organisation, curriculum development, quality assurance, student support, and marketing and recruitment.
Essential Skills & Requirements
- Significant experience in the fashion industry in one of the subject areas noted.
- Experience of teaching or delivering training and developing associated materials.
- Extensive, expert knowledge of one of the identified subject areas.
- A Degree level qualification as a minimum.
- Excellent IT skills, including MS Office.
- Highly effective communication skills.
- Strong planning and organisation skills.
- Outstanding interpersonal skills, with the ability to demonstrate empathy and build rapport with students and collaborate successfully with colleagues.
Technology Manager
Condé Nast College of Fashion and Design is seeking a Technology Manager to play a key, active role in the small, dynamic, academic and administrative team. Responsible for all aspects of the College's presentation technology, lecture capture and IT, the Technology Manager is key to the smooth running of lectures, presentations and events. Additionally, ad-hoc technology support must be provided skilfully and cheerfully to students, staff and visitors.
With a unique roster of elite fashion-industry speakers, the filming of lectures is a major part of the role, along with photographing college life for our internet activity. Excellent filming, editing, photography and IT skills are essential. Final Cut Pro, PhotoShop and InDesign experience beneficial. Plus the organisational skills needed to grow and manage the College's digital archive of videos and photography.
The successful candidate will be able to work under their own initiative, have a high attention to detail and demonstrate the ability to cope with the pressures of the role. In addition to College use, the facilities will also be hired out commercially as a high quality events space. It is crucial that a smooth professional service is delivered to staff, students and clients alike.
The College technology is mainly Mac-based, with some specialised AV systems. We have service contracts in place for second- and third-line support and the post-holder is expected to constructively manage the relationships with these suppliers to ensure smooth running of all systems.
Additionally, day-to-day systems management of the College's key IT systems is required – such as the user-administration of our online learning system and email accounts – so familiarity with this aspect of the role is crucial.
The ideal candidate will be motivated, organised, a natural communicator and well-presented. Ideally with experience in advertising, higher education or the creative industries.
Key Duties & Responsibilities:
- Support Staff, Students and Visiting Speakers – with their IT and AV presentation / set-up needs
- Lecture Capture – using our Multicam Studio system. Plus editing the resulting footage and formatting it for display.
- Videography – shooting and editing footage for college presentations and promotions. Record and edit promotional footage for the College
- Photography – manage the photography studio by inducting/assisting students in shoots and maintaining/ordering equipment. Also taking photos of students, industry speakers and student/college events.
- Event support – Liaise with clients holding events at the college regarding support and set-up.
- AV, IT, Telephony and Printers – provide first line support to staff and students and liaise with suppliers to ensure seamless running of systems. The College predominantly uses Macs, so Mac knowledge is a must. Responsible for server backups.
- System Administration – SAMS, Canvas and Office 365
Essential Skills & Requirements:
- 2+ years experience in the operation of IT/AV systems
- Familiarity with video production, and ideally Lecture Capture systems
- Experience with High Definition videography (camera work) and sound recording
- Experience of video editing, ideally using Final Cut Pro and provision of final edits in different resolutions to suit in house viewing, web distribution etc.
- Familiarity with AV control systems – AMX preferred
- Familiarity with iPads, iTunes and administration of iPads for students, installing Apps
- Familiar with Apple Macintosh, OSX 10.11.3. Ideally with experience of Mac administration using tools such as Caspar.
- Ideally, though not essentially, experienced with IPTV and video signage systems
- Team player – the college has a small, tight-knit, staff and a willingness to muck-in is key
- Excellent interpersonal and communication skills
- 'Can-do' – A natural inclination to service provision and helpfulness
- Excellent organisation and time management skills
- Influencing skills – management of suppliers
- Training skills – one to one, or classroom based
To apply for this position, please email your CV and covering letter to email@example.com


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Through May 7, 2017
Hit the road with America's most iconic and beloved motorcycle at the Hands-On Harley-Davidson exhibit at The Strong® museum when it makes a stop on its national tour. Explore a pretend engineering lab and motorcycle dealership, and use technology, engineering, and math concepts to dream up a bike design, build a prototype, and take it for a test drive:
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Hands-On Harley-Davidson was created by the Betty Brinn Children's Museum in collaboration with Harley-Davidson Motor Company. Hands-On Harley-Davidson and Harley-Davidson® are trademarks of Harley-Davidson and are used with permission. © 2017 Harley-Davidson. All rights reserved.
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Himachal Pradesh police brought ray of hope for the Ludhiana police who are still struggling to get a clue in the robbery executed in a Model Town house by police imposters on August 24.
When Himachal police found a mangled Swift Dzire car near Paonta Sahib in Sirmaur district containing police identity card, they traced the car number and contacted Ludhiana police.
On verification, city police found that the identity card found in the car is forged and the address in it was also faked.
The police have been trying to trace the accused whose picture was on the card.
The police also found that the car used in the crime was stolen from a Ludhiana resident a few days before the robbery.
In the heist, five men posing as sleuths of Gujarat police looted 2-kg gold, Rs 10 lakh cash, and two licensed weapons from a house in Model Town area. The house belongs to businessman Raj Kumar Agnihotri, a disciple of controversial godman Asaram.
After executing the robbery, the accused fled to Himachal Pradesh where their car met with an accident near Paonta Sahib, following which they abandoned it. Sources said the police have been suspecting involvement of son of a deceased police inspector in the crime. The suspect was a frequent visitor to Agnihotri's house. The suspect is already locked up in Ludhiana Central Jail for attempt to murder.