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Current Planets
27-Apr-2017, 13:38 UT/GMT
|25' 7"
|50' 3"r
|9' 7"
|Explanations of the symbols
|Chart of the moment
|Introduction An opportunity * Jupiter trine Jupiter: * Beginning of November 2016 until end of June 2017: Recognition * Saturn sextile Sun: * Mid-January 2017 until beginning of November 2017: A sense of humor * Jupiter trine Sun: * Mid-January 2017 until mid-September 2017: Departures from the past * Uranus sextile Venus: * End of April 2017 until mid-March 2018: Scoop! * Uranus square Pluto: * Mid-June 2017 until end of February 2019: Pleasantly lazy * Jupiter trine Venus: * From 16 September 2017 until 26 September 2017: The Data Page
This report is a short edition of the
Forecast Horoscope.
It is meant as a sample and advertisement for the full version of the Forecast Horoscope which
can be
ordered from Astrodienst as a bound report of about 15 - 20 pages.
Further horoscope reports
Yearly Horoscope Analysis
Your personal forecast for the next 12 months, by Liz Greene.
Transits of the Year
Forecast for 12 months based on your transits, by Robert Hand.
Long-Term Perspectives
Your personal perspectives for the next six years, by Liz Greene.
Forecast Horoscope
Das The cheerful and inexpensive forecast for one year.
Jupiter trine Jupiter: An opportunity Beginning of November 2016 until end of June 2017: This influence usually represents a time of optimism and positive thinking in your life. You seem to be at a quiet point of balance that enables you to look over the affairs of your life and get a good perspective on them. Therefore, it is a good time to make long-range plans and to reorganize. You should use this time to gain new perspectives through education or travel or by participating in one of the consciousness raising activities or groups that exist now. This is a time of psychological and physical equilibrium. If you have recently been ill in either body or mind, this influence will help tremendously with the healing process. This is also a good time to examine your ideals and your goals, for it may be possible to actualize them in various ways now. At other times there is too much tension in your life or too much resistance from others. If you are involved in any movement for reform, now is a good time to take some positive action. Or you might become more involved in religion or philosophy, because you need to know much that is beyond the apparent order of things. It is quite possible that you will do nothing during this time, because it gives you a feeling of balance but no drive to do anything in particular. You have an unusual sense of ease and relaxation now. This is also a good time to travel, both for relaxation and for educational reasons. The important point to remember with this influence is that it is fundamentally an opportunity. You will not feel driven by any energies, nor will you feel any resistance to your efforts to do something. You can make great use of this time, but you have to take the initiative.
Saturn sextile Sun: Recognition Mid-January 2017 until beginning of November 2017: This influence will present many opportunities for achievement. At this time you will be able to strengthen many areas of your life so that they can withstand adversity later. But you have to take control of this moment. Nothing will be given to you without some effort on your part. You will have to exercise considerable care and responsibility and pay attention to what others require of you and the commitments you have made to them. This is not a "lucky" influence in the ordinary sense of the word, but it can be exceedingly fortunate for you, if you work hard to make it so. Recognition by others, particularly persons in authority, may come now. At this time you have more patience and perseverance than usual. This is an excellent time to tackle difficult and demanding projects. Even your health is better than usual, but that does not mean that you should abuse it. Instead, you should be building up your strength. In the not-too-distant future you will need your good health, so don't waste it now. This is a time of successful preparation for climaxes and periods of crisis to come. How well you are able to deal with the future depends largely upon what you do now.
Jupiter trine Sun: A sense of humor Mid-January 2017 until mid-September 2017: This is such a pleasant influence that you may be inclined to sit back, enjoy it and do nothing. However, this is really a very important time in your life because you can reach out into new areas of life and have new and rewarding experiences. Your creative potential is enormous at this time, and you can very easily accomplish a great deal that would be difficult at other times. Your inner energies are strong, and you are full of self-confidence and the feeling that you can do anything. This influence usually indicates good health and a feeling of well-being, although you may be inclined to put on weight if you are not careful. You may not feel inclined toward physical activity, but it would be a good idea to get some exercise. Make a particular effort to be outdoors. Hiking is a very beneficial activity at this time. If you are inclined to physical activity, especially athletics, don't take foolish risks through overconfidence. This influence tends to make you overestimate your energies. This is an excellent time for all financial matters. You will feel like making your surroundings appear more elegant, and you may spend quite a lot of money doing so. This is perfectly fine, and you should think positively in all ways, but don't let this concern with material acquisition blind you to some very real possibilities for inner growth. Travel, either physically or mentally, often accompanies this influence. Take this time to broaden your understanding of the world around you. You have a strong interest in ideas that are different from what you normally know and encounter, and you are much more tolerant of different ways of living. Even people's usually irritating traits do not bother you at this time. Also your sense of humor is much greater than usual, and you can appreciate the dance of life in all its glory.
Uranus sextile Venus: Departures from the past End of April 2017 until mid-March 2018: This influence will considerably enliven your social life and relationships. You will have opportunities for different kinds of encounters with others, and you will form new friendships and perhaps a new love interest. All of these new relationships will be different from your old ones, and all, even the love relationships, will give you and your partners more freedom. You are not inclined to be jealous and emotionally possessive during this time, and you demand that others be equally free with you. You are seeking new kinds of experience with people, and you need to be free to have them. Your new relationships may have an unusual quality that makes them departures from the past. You may be attracted to people from a very different social background or to people who are older or younger than you; or a relationship may begin under unusual conditions. A relationship formed at this time can be long lasting, but only if it continues to have the freedom, spontaneity and interest that attracted you in the first place. During this time you may also become involved in unusual social activities, doing things for entertainment that you don't normally do. And that is precisely why you want to do them. If your life is like most people's, you are seeking to break out of the routine that has dominated it, and you are trying to do this through your relationships, an area where most people quickly fall into habits. If you are willing to see it, this transit can show you the whole range of potential for experience with other people. You will have the chance to find out exactly what kind of social contacts you need, and you will be able to choose all your relationships more intelligently.
Uranus square Pluto: Scoop! Mid-June 2017 until end of February 2019: The effect of this influence is to sweep away all the old and outworn structures that you have built up and to create a total revolution in your life. Your life is probably circumscribed by many elements from the past that no longer serve any useful purpose in your life. You have not got rid of them because they represent a certain security, but they are getting in the way of your continued growth and therefore must be cleared away from your life. The events that occur now will force this change upon you, if you have not already begun to change voluntarily. This influence does not operate suddenly, but with deep psychological forces that operate very slowly over a long period of time. They keep you moving and growing, make you throw off the old and enter new ways of living. This influence represents a time when these forces have built up to a critical point and must be released. It is not possible to say exactly what will pass away from your life at this time, because it will be different for everyone. But you will have a sense that a powerful force is emerging in your life that you have been dimly aware of for some time. If you look into yourself, you will realize that what is happening now is not really a surprise. You were hoping that this new force would go away if you ignored it, but it didn't, and now you have to deal with it. Because this influence affects a whole generation, the drastic changes you encounter now may be partly the result of social and economic forces beyond your control. You may even feel like an unfortunate puppet moved by historical events. But these forces, even though they appear to be impersonal, play a vital role in your individual development. Accept this as a challenge to you as an individual, and allow the old order and old ideas to pass away. This will pave the way for your rebirth into a new way of life, where you will have the opportunity to be more alive.
Jupiter trine Venus: Pleasantly lazy From 16 September 2017 until 26 September 2017: You feel very light-hearted and sociable now and want to spend as much time as possible with others. This is a good time for taking a vacation, attending social gatherings, or participating in other forms of amusement and fun. It is not conducive to any kind of serious effort, because you are inclined to feel pleasantly lazy and unenterprising. There is also a very strong self-indulgent streak to this influence. Be very careful not to eat or drink too much. Fortunately you have the ability to make others feel good if they are unhappy or depressed, and as a result, people enjoy being around you at this time. You may have the chance to do favors for others that will eventually be returned. And since you feel generous and giving, you will not mind doing them. In some instances this influence has a way of drawing money or other material resources to you. But don't sit around planning how to spend a sudden windfall from heaven, as many people do with this influence. It is a possibility, but only one among many and not the most likely. Actually it is more likely that you will spend money on objects that you consider beautiful. Others may not appreciate your taste at this time, however, because it tends toward the flashy or gaudy. Be careful that you don't get stuck with something that will offend your own taste in a soberer moment. You have a great desire for beauty, however, and if your taste is sound you will surround yourself with objects that you can enjoy for years and that will also gain in value.
Short Report - Forecast April 2017 to September 2017
Planetary positions
House positions (Placidus)


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United Way of Northeastern is governed and led by a local Board of Directors. Completely autonomous from other organizations, our Board of volunteer community leaders is responsible for maintaining our high levels of accountability, stewardship, and service to the community. They meet monthly to discuss strategic issues facing the organization. The Board holds United Way of Northeastern Minnesota's staff responsible for carrying out our mission. They ensure that United Way is an organization you can trust.
Our Koochiching County service territory has an active Advisory Board to oversee the area. The Advisory Board is comprised of volunteers from International Falls and the surrounding area to meet and address the specific needs and issues within their communities.
United Way of Northeastern Minnesota's staff combines experience, expertise, and efficiency to carry out the mission of the organization.

subset: commoncrawl


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Classes and Workshops for all to enjoy
Please browse our wide range of participatory arts and heritage classes and workshops for all. You can also view our Spring 2017 Culture Brochure online: http://joom.ag/VEFQ
You may be looking to try something different, meet new people or build on your skills - here in East Renfrewshire there's something for everyone. Take your pick from short information sessions to weekly classes or week long activity camps.


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Chris Patten, Santiago Iñiguez and Javier Moreno
Event 27 • Saturday 27 September 2014, 1.30pm • Venue: Aula Magna, Campus de Santa Cruz La Real-IE University
Europe, Innovation and Education
Chris Patten (Lord Patten of Barnes) is a British politician, Chancellor of Oxford University and head of the Vatican's communications and media team. Previously, he was an EU commissioner, the last governor of Hong Kong, and chair of the BBC. He talks to Santiago Iñiguez, president of IE University, and Javier Moreno, journalist and former editor (2006–2014) of El País. The event is introduced by Revel Guest, Chair of the Hay Festival of Literature and the Arts.
Simultaneous translation from English into Spanish.
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- [22] Michael Steinberg and Paul Smith in conversation with DD GuttenplanSaturday 27 September 2014, 12pm


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Blizzard conditions have forced the closure of stretches of some highways in western Manitoba.
In Manitoba, Sections of the Trans-Canada Highway, the Yellowhead Highway and others are closed near the Saskatchewan boundary. Scores of motorists have been stranded.
One man reported drivers either stuck in their vehicles or scrambling in zero visibility for shelter west of Brandon. "We have a gentleman next to me, his car is out of fuel," said Jean Pasche. "He's actually with me in the car now. We're able to keep warm and we have food here, so we're okay for now."
Environment Canada is warning against travel and says in some places, people should be prepared to be on their own for a couple of days.
Manitoba Hydro says highway closures are making it hard for their crews to get out to places where the power is out.
WATCH: A winter storm caused dangerous driving conditions on the Trans Canada Highway near Brandon, Man, Monday night. High winds and blowing snow caused poor visibility on the roads.
Many schools are closed due to the storm.
Parts of Manitoba received as much as 40 centimetres of snow overnight Monday, but the winter conditions are expected to slow Tuesday night.
with files from Global News, the Canadian Press and CJOB


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Temple Parks & Recreation is pleased to announce that Whiskey Myers, will perform on the Mac Haik Stage as Friday's headlining musical act at the 12th Annual Bloomin' Temple Festival presented by H-E-B.
Whiskey Myers' music is heavily influenced by country music, although doesn't fit neatly into any genre. The band credits everything from Alan Jackson and Waylon Jennings to Led Zeppelin and Nirvana as inspiration. Over two whirlwind years, the gritty Texas band hit #1 on the iTunes Country Chart with their breakout third album Early Morning Shakes, earned rave reviews from Rolling Stone to USA Today, and toured the US and UK relentlessly, slaying massive festival crowds. Fueled by larger-than-life performances honed tight from countless nights on the road, the band's latest album, MUD, was released in September 2016.
The 2017 Bloomin' Temple Festival presented by H-E-B will be held near E. Central Avenue and S. 4th Street in downtown Temple on Friday, April 28th and Saturday, April 29th. The festival will feature all day entertainment, two musical stages, over 20 bands featuring acts in Hip Hop, Tejano, Red Dirt, and Country Music, a Kid's Zone, carnival, vendors, food trucks & more!
Please visit BloominTemple.com for the latest festival news and information including festival hours, schedules, ticket prices, as well as vendor and volunteer opportunities. For additional information on Whiskey Myers, please visit whiskeymyers.com.


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Three Convenient Locations
If you have ever called the office, then the friendly voice on the other end is most likely Carmen! Originally from California, Carmen moved to Texas in 2006 and has never looked back. With over 15 years of experience, her expertise ranges from routine dental procedures to insurance claims to even doing complex surgical and orthodontic procedures. She is the driving force behind the entire team and encourages all staff members to do their best by setting the ideal example of premium work ethic. While invaluable to her office family, Carmen effortlessly manages her house of 5 boys with her husband with the same level of love and efficiency. Though few and far in between, in her free time, she enjoys spending quiet moments with her husband and just "taking it slow."
A native Texan, born and reared in Fort Worth, Kristaline is the first friendly face you are sure to see! In addition to being a registered dental assistant and phlebotomy technician, Kristaline works as our insurance coordinator, helping patients effectively utilize their dental benefits. Furthermore,She juggles our busy phone lines and schedules our patients for treatment, all the while maintaining her signature smile and friendly disposition! When she's not delivering the highest level of care to patients, Kristaline enjoys spending time with her family, dancing to upbeat songs,swaying to country music, and swimming with friends.
Neima is a wonderful new addition to our team. She was born and raised in the California Bay area. She moved to Texas when she was 15. She fell in love with this beautiful state so she decided to make it her home. She studied cosmetology and did hair for a couple of years. Shortly after working in the world of cosmetology she was introduced to dentistry. She was fascinated by the dental arts and gave up cosmetology to become a Dental Assistant. She is very gentle and caring. She love's children and she teaches Sunday school for kids age 5-6 at her church. On her free time she enjoys music, dancing, sewing, arts and crafts, planning birthday parties and bike riding.
Thara, originally from India, moved to the United States permanently in 2012. She enjoys practicing as a dental assistant for she enjoys helping others achieve their highest esthetic potential. Her hobbies are varied and include reading historical fiction, swimming, and spending time with those she loves, and is currently pursuing her master's degree in Biostatistics.
With over 10 years of experience Melissa delights in the satisfaction of helping someone achieve their "perfect smile". She originally completed her training in Denver, Colorado. As a recent transplant from Corpus Christi, Melissa has found a home within our team, and we can't wait for you to enjoy the level of caring and know-how she provides every patient!
Born and raised in Santa Barbara, California, Karen worked as a dental assistant for 15 years before pursuing her dream of becoming a dental hygienist. After graduating dental hygiene school in 2013, from Pima Medical Institute, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Karen packed her bags and headed to the great state of Texas. She now resides in Fort Worth, Texas and spends her free time hiking, riding her bike, and spending time with her nieces and nephews. While Karen is relatively new to our practice, her warm and caring nature as well as her gentle mannerism, has already made her popular with all of our patients and we love calling her one of the team.
Ryan has been one of the family even years before he "officially" joined our practice. Carmen, our office manager's eldest son, decided to start testing the waters, in order to discern whether a future in dentistry was what he truly wanted. As the newest member of our staff, Ryan excels in all "behind the scenes" aspects of dentistry. Although you may not see him at your visit, his efforts never go unnoticed. On his days off, Ryan can be found exploring the city on his skateboard, riding his dirt bike through hidden trails in the woods, or volunteering his time to the less fortunate at Mission Arlington.


text: Simplefit.org Bodyweight Exercises, Body weight workouts 2007-03-13T15:43:14-08:00 http://www.simplefit.org/phpbb/feed.php?f=3&t=65 2007-03-13T15:43:14-08:00 2007-03-13T15:43:14-08:00 http://www.simplefit.org/phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=65&p=96#p96 Statistics: Posted by Admin — Tue Mar 13, 2007 3:43 pm ]]> 2007-03-13T14:32:22-08:00 2007-03-13T14:32:22-08:00 http://www.simplefit.org/phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=65&p=94#p94 I'm a 30-something wife and mother of two looking to find my inner rockstar!! Well, at least the rockstar body.I found SimpleFit through the CrossFit forums. It is exactly what I need to prep my body and core strength for the WODs in CrossFit.I feel that I have about 40-50 pounds I'd like to lose and a whole bunch of energy, vitality and longevity to gain. I'm on board with the Paleo way of eating as outlined here and will be working towards narrowing the "food gap". Right now, I'm eating from about 8am - 7pm.Thanks for creating this site and forum. I look forward to meeting everyone here.Statistics: Posted by flutterby — Tue Mar 13, 2007 2:32 pm ]]>


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Cobb serves as Packers' slot machine
GREEN BAY, Wis. - Mike McCarthy wasn't about to reveal on Friday just how much his Swiss Army knife of an offensive weapon, wide receiver Randall Cobb, will play in Sunday's NFC Wild Card Playoff game against the San Francisco 49ers.
After all, that's about the only element of surprise the Green Bay Packers coach has going for him regarding Cobb, who returned to the lineup last week after a 10-game absence.
"Randall, he's fully expected to play in the game," McCarthy said after the team's final practice of the week. "As far as plays and everything, we'll see Sunday."
Certainly, the tradeoff of getting Cobb back for last week's regular-season finale against Chicago was well worth it. What the Packers lost in potential unscouted looks with him against the 49ers, they gained in, well, the opportunity to play the 49ers.
Cobb played 37 of the Packers' 78 offensive snaps against the Bears, and he only caught two passes. But they were enormous: A 7-yard TD that gave the Packers a 20-14 third-quarter lead, and the game-winning, fourth-down, 48-yard touchdown with 38 seconds left to play to beat the Bears and clinch the Packers' NFC North title and accompanying playoff berth.
So while springing Cobb on the 49ers after not playing since suffering a small fracture at the top of his tibia in his right leg Oct. 13 at Baltimore might've had some value, it's not as if the 49ers had never seen Cobb on film before – or in person, for that matter. Cobb played in all three of the teams' meetings over the past year and a half, including catching seven passes for 108 yards and a touchdown in the Sept. 8 regular-season opener.
It's also not as if the Packers' potential use of Cobb would have had the kind of shock vale that the 49ers' use of the read/option had in last January's playoff game, when Green Bay's defense was clearly not expecting – or prepared for – quarterback Colin Kaepernick using it. Cobb is at his best in the slot, and that's where he figures to line up on Sunday most of the time.
"I don't see any big surprises, our offense playing against their defense, they're pretty much playing with a lot of the same players, pretty much all of the same players they played with all year," McCarthy admitted. "They got video on us last year. I just think really the access to video in today's football is extraordinary compared to 10, 12 years ago. You don't really surprise people too much.
"I know we could speak to how we didn't handle their read-option in the playoff game, but that's rare."
That doesn't mean that getting Cobb back doesn't change the Packers' offense – or how difficult it is to defend. While Cobb was sidelined, Jordy Nelson spent much of his time as the slot receiver in multi-receiver sets, something he rarely did in his first five NFL seasons. But with Greg Jennings having departed as a free agent, Donald Driver having retired and Cobb sidelined, the Packers had little choice. And Nelson rose to the occasion.
According to Pro Football Focus, Nelson ran 645 routes in the 2013 regular season, and 336, or 52.1 percent of them, were in the slot. He was targeted 57 times from the slot and had 41 of his 85 receptions, gained 624 of his 1,314 yards and scored three of his eight touchdowns from there.
Cobb, while missing 10 games, ran 209 routes, and 198 of them were from the slot, or 94.7 percent. He was targeted 36 times from the slot and caught 28 passes (out of his 31 total receptions), gained 424 of his 433 receiving yards and scored all four of his touchdowns from the slot.
Now that Cobb is back, the slot is back to being his domain – but not exclusively. How much Nelson lines up there against the 49ers will depend on how much Cobb plays.
"It really doesn't matter to me. "I look forward to going back out there (outside) but I like being in the slot," said Nelson, who actually worked from the slot a lot in college at Kansas State. "Now that I've been there for a few weeks in a row, I got comfortable in there.
I think it'll be great just to have all our weapons out there, and just be able to move around, put us in different situations. It's a way for us to be able to move guys in and out and them not really be able to focus in on us in certain spots. So I think it'll help us and back outside is just as fun as inside. You run different routes (from the slot), but you're still able to make big plays and obviously help the team.
Cobb, who was only supposed to play 15 to 20 snaps, did not play a single snap in the first quarter of last Sunday's game and saw his first action on the first play of the second quarter, when the Packers lined up for a second-and-5 from their own 42-yard line with James Starks and John Kuhn in the backfield and Cobb, Nelson and James Jones at receiver. Cobb lined up in the right slot on that play, and based on a review of the game film, of Cobb's 37 snaps, not a single one came outside.
On those 37 snaps, he lined up in the right slot 19 times and the left slot eight times. On John Kuhn's fourth-and-1 conversion to start the game-winning drive, he was at halfback; on one other play, he motioned into the backfield and lined up behind right tackle Don Barclay.
On his other eight snaps, including his game-winning touchdown, Cobb lined up in an inside position, in what still would be considered the slot. On those plays, though, the Packers sent three receivers to Cobb's side of the formation, and he was the middle receiver between the inner-most receiver (Nelson or tight end Andrew Quarless) and the outside receiver (Jones or Nelson).
On his 7-yard touchdown, Cobb was in the left slot; on the 48-yard touchdown, he was in the left slot between Jones outside and Nelson inside.
When Cobb wasn't in the game, it was Nelson who lined up in the slot on almost every other play. James Jones made a rare appearance in the right slot on the odd Jarrett Boykin fumble return for a touchdown.
"Randall, he's a very good route runner and he's dangerous with the ball in his hands," offensive coordinator Tom Clements explained, when asked why Cobb is so natural in the slot. "If you can get him the ball, he has a chance to make big plays out of short gains. Not that Jordy can't, but obviously Randall's a little smaller and he's used to being a punt returner and a kick returner and running in traffic and making guys miss. That's where he excels."
Cobb said being able to play in a game before the playoffs started was "definitely a confidence booster" but he wasn't sure if what he did was enough to convince the coaches and medical staff to let him play the entire game Sunday. Before his injury, Cobb had played 266 of a possible 289 snaps in the first four games of the season.
"That's not my call, that's on coaching staff if they feel," Cobb said. "I hope it's not (limited), but I don't know. We'll see."
Whatever his role, and however much he plays, his teammates on offense expect him to make an impact.
"(Cobb being back) allows me and Jordy to stay on the outside and do what we do best on the outside and let Randall work the middle. He's a lot quicker than us in there and more elusive than us. That's where he belongs," Jones said. "They have to focus on him in there so it creates a lot of one-on-one match-ups for me and Jordy on the outside. We have to make sure we do our job and win on the outside.
"Like I've said before, Randall is probably one of the most explosive players we've got in our game," Jones said. "So whenever you can get him back in the offense, he can do so many different things. You can move him around in so many places, get him on different people and create some mismatches. So it's huge to have him back, healthy, at 100 percent. Hopefully, he goes out there and makes some plays."
Listen to Jason Wilde every weekday from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. on "Green & Gold Today" on 540 ESPN, and follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/jasonjwilde.


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Loveland CO Real Estate & Homes for Sale
199 Properties Found
The median home value in Loveland, CO is $333,111.
This is
higher than
the county median home value of $319,100.
The national median home value is $185,800.
The average price of homes sold in Loveland, CO is $333,111.
Approximately 60.34% of Loveland homes are owned,
compared to 34.7% rented, while
4.96% are vacant.
Loveland real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Loveland real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
Sort Results:
1-25 of 199 properties displayed
Courtesy: Real Living 1st Choice Re Svcs
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Jewell built Pearl Original Owners. Beautiful bright ranch home on .32 corner lot. 5 Bedroom 4 Bath Finished basement plumbed for wet bar. This home is move in ready, many extras added when built Half bath off laundry/garage, bay windows, large rooms, Master Suite separate from other bedrooms. Craftsman Handmade Mantel/trimmed fireplace. Large storage room w/built in shelves & craft table. 3 car finished 720 sq ft garage, Oversized covered patio & fenced back yard w/separate garden area.
Courtesy: At Home Real Estate Company Robert Proctor
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Delightful 2-Story conveniently located in north Loveland & walking distance to neighborhood elementary school. Large lot w/park like backyard & huge patio to enjoy those Colorado afternoons & home is move-in ready. New Interior Paint & Windows round out a beautifully maintained home. Fantastic kitchen w/prep Island, gas oven/range,& refrigerator(included). Central Air Conditioning, fireplace rough-in,lawn sprinkler sys,fully fenced backyard, insulated storage shed, & NO HOA add to the charm.
1516 Warbler St Loveland, CO 80537
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2 story in Arbor Meadows! Four bedrooms, 3 baths,only home in the sub division with a 3 car garage 3rd bay is over sized.New interior and exterior paint, new carpet! Nice dog run with access into garage for your pets. Open space in middle of sub division with grass,picnic tables, gazebo! Home has a permitted finished basement w/1 bedroom and 1 bathroom. Sprinkler system, 3 bedrooms upstairs,5 piece master w/jetted tub! All kitchen appliances, washer/dryer and window coverings included.
2045 Alabama St Loveland, CO 80538
Courtesy: Ursula Davis
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Inviting 6 bedroom home with beautiful views of the foothills and sunsets. Open floor plan with large eat in kitchen plus separate dining room. Hickory cabinets and doors, recessed lighting, Fully fenced backyard to keep your pets safe and a great patio for entertaining, 3 car garage that will hold your big SUV's with rear overhead door that opens to the backyard. Drip system for flowers and much more. Less than 10 minutes to Fort Collins and shopping in Loveland.
Courtesy: Eric Thompson Natalie Davis
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Custom built mid-century home on .5 acres.This beautiful ranch currently offers 3 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms. The basement is framed and ready to easily convert this home to a 5 bed 4 bathroom with a rec room and workroom in the basement.The fully fenced yard offers room for entertainment on the massive deck and patio. Enjoy endless summers outside in the heated pool (3' - 8') and hot tub. Newer appliances, AC, Water Heater and Carpet. Let your imagination run wild with this solid sprawling ranch.
Courtesy: Group Centerra Cindy Kurtz
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Gorgeous hardwood flooring throughout the whole main level. Vaulted ceilings, alder cabinets, granite counters, and a gas fireplace make this home extra special. A lovely front porch to hear the morning songbirds as well as a spacious back patio for summertime BBQs. Full unfinished basement for your finishing touches. Just blocks away from Mehaffey Park and city bike trails.
1453 Cattail Dr Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: Group Centerra John Peden
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3 Bed, 2 Bath Ranch home in southwest Loveland. Vaulted ceiling in living room with engineered hardwood floors and gas fireplace. Vaulted ceiling in kitchen with skylight, pantry, and updated stainless appliances. Backyard patio with automatic awning. 3 car attached garage with built-in cabinets and access to storage unit. Crawl space is concrete. Move-in Ready!
Courtesy: Fuller Sotheby's Intl Realty Sonia Chritton
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Wonderful Lake View Home with 3 stall barn and tack room on 41.25 acres. The home features 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, and an attached 2-car garage. New appliances and tile. Watch your horses roam in the grass with the lake in the background. This is situated within a much larger and very beautiful ranch which is surrounded by significant large ranch holdings and open/forest. Easy drive to Loveland and Longmont. Incredible wildlife, trails, views and access.
Courtesy: Fuller Sotheby's Intl Realty Sonia Chritton
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Lakefront home located on 36.73 acre lot with an additional home site possible. Once in a lifetime opportunity to purchase a property at this price surrounded by so much open space. Well maintained with incredible views. It is within a wonderful ranch with elk, horses and fabulous hiking. This wonderful home features 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, an attached 2-car garage and a newly finished wonderful lower level with large bar and workout room and guest suite. Quick commute and great internet!
608 Cattle Drive Rd Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: Fuller Sotheby's Intl Realty Sonia Chritton
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Own this beautiful 762.14 acre lakefront ranch w/ phenomenal mtn and lake views + access to forest all close to Boulder & Ft Collins. Well maintained w/ AG tax status! No Conservation Easements hinder this treasure. Natural gas, electric,free internet. Future development potential w/ 122 acres of deeded land - contiguous to 640 acre grazing/ recreational lease.Grazing lease is 150 AUMs and hunting includes deer, elk, mountain lion, bear and wild turkey. Close to water for boating + lake fishing.
3082 Crux Dr Loveland, CO 80537
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BRAND NEW HOME RANCH HOME! Cute ranch on corner lot! Light and bright with white cabinets. Stainless steel appliances and granite in kitchen. Full front yard landscaping included. ***PROJECTING JUNE 2017 DELIVERY***
Courtesy: C3 Real Estate Solutions, Llc Jennifer Gamez
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ADA retrofitted home with views of Carter Lake. 3bd, 2ba, and oversized 734 sq ft detached garage on a large lot. Property has a wheelchair lift and concrete ramp access to the home. Additional 610 ft shop with walk-in refrigerator and beverage refrigerator is included. Property is zoned T for "tourist" by Larimer County and potential buyers are encouraged to seek guidance from the county for approved uses for the property. Acreage allows for horses. Call today for your private showing.
695 Rossum Dr Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: C3 Real Estate Solutions, Llc Nancy Baxter
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Enjoy the rooftop views from this established home at The Reserve in Mariana Butte, golf course community. Plenty of room for cars, toys & storage in 825 sf garage! New high-efficiency furnace and A/C condenser. Full interior painting just done in 2014 and exterior in 2011. Trex deck on main level and walkout basement to private courtyard, fully enclosed w/stucco walls. Sprinkler system in full yard, with mature landscaping.Kitchen Aid deluxe refrigerator and front load washer/dryer included.
Courtesy: Resident Realty Michele Jones
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HANDYMAN SPECIAL! Great fix and flip opportunity for investors. 4 bedroom 2 bath ranch home with wood floors, dining area, living and family room. Plenty of storage and built in wall units. Basement is partially finished with game room, non-conforming bedroom, office space, laundry with laundry sink and more storage. Large lot, covered carport. Close to shopping and Loveland Lake. This home will not qualify FHA or VA. Sold as is
Courtesy: Group Centerra Cindy Kurtz
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Exquisite Seven Lakes Patio home that backs to Heinricy Lake. Custom ftres adorn this spacious home. 3 bdrms & 3 baths plus add'l spaces that make this home special. An art/craft rm & separate game rm could easily be 4th bdrm. The open & airy great rm looks out to nature's paradise. Kitchen features include knotty alderwood, slab granite cntrs, walkin pantry, dual fuel range/oven. A formal dining rm could also serve as main flr flr office. Fin bsmnt w/2nd gas frpl,Large patio & new pergola.
1578 Katie Dr Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: Gold Star Real Estate Rick Anderson
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MOUNTAIN Views! SUPER Location, BEAUTIFULY UPDATED! This was going to be there Forever Home. 2 years and $50,000 + later Things Changed! Imported Acacia hardwood floors, Beautiful, Durable, Easily-refinished Concrete Counter top, Kenmore Elite appliances, Kohler Touchless toilet, remote electronic door lock, etc. Quick access to 3 reservoirs, fishing, boating, archery, excellent biking, running nearby. Quite FRIENDLY Neighborhood! 3 minutes to groceries, gas, restaurants etc.
612 Split Rock Dr Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: C3 Real Estate Solutions, Llc Fred Hansen
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Wake up each morning to the sun rising over a private lake. This Exclusive Tuscan Style Patio home with walk out basement overlooks 150 acres of open space. Lake can be used for fishing, kayaking, paddle boarding (must pay dock fees) or just walk around the many trails. This home is HERS rated at 52, 8 foot doors, vaulted ceilings, Hickory floors, quartz counter tops-too much to list!
Courtesy: Rocky Mountain Re Inc Carrie Hill
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Beautiful, custom ranch w/luxurious upgrades & finishes, open floor plan, 3/3, 3 car w/epoxy, loft, knotty alder cabs, granite, hardwood, butlers pantry, main floor master, laundry, high ceilings, lots of windows, finished sunlit bsmt w/gas fp, storage rm, real stone window wells, 2 sliders lead to 850 sq ft stunning, custom covered patio w/ outdoor kitchen, col stamped concrete, stone & rough beams provides extra privacy and living space, xeriscape perennial garden, fully fenced bkyd, & more!
3015 Hudson Dr Loveland, CO 80538
Courtesy: Julie Carpenter
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Welcome home! This home has it all! Main floor master w/5 piece master bath & walk-in closet, main floor study, separate dining room, & laundry w/sink. Kitchen is very spacious with stile stone counter tops and beautiful knotty alder cabinets. Gorgeous solid hickory hard wood floors throughout main level, stairs, and loft area! LV room has lots of light and vaults. Great backyard w/ deck, great for those summer & family BBQ's. Very clean & well maintained. Don't miss out it won't last!
Courtesy: Keller Williams Ftc Gold Jeff Rubenstein
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Beautiful 2 bed, 2 bath, condo in Lakeshore at Centerra! Well taken care of and it shows! Kitchen and dinning area flow into living room, perfect for entertaining. Updated sliding porch doors with built in blinds lead to covered porch. Ceiling fans throughout, recessed lighting and double pane windows. Master includes huge walk in closet, large bathtub and dual sinks. Community includes a clubhouse, swimming pool and three lakes!! Easy access to I-25, minutes from shopping and restaurants!
552 Sherri Dr Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: Coldwell Banker Res-West Dawn Mathis
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Enjoy this all brick ranch backing to open space. Spread out on .5 acres and have room for more toys, etc in the detached, insulated garage/shop area. Turn-key home with newer appliances. Open floor plan w/vaulted ceilings, fenced yard and open space perfect for boat/rv parking! There are 2 mstr bdrms with baths! Professionally finished basement and extra storage space. This home is situated in the back of the subdivision, yet close to everything Loveland has to offer. Home Warranty included!
2616 Eugene Dr Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: RE/MAX Alliance-Ftc Dwtn Diane Sherry
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Adorable, well-maintained ranch with large fenced yard waiting for your gardening ideas. New windows and roof in 2010, new carpet 2016, new driveway w/extra parking 2014, new water heater and granite counters 2013. Over-sized garage offers lots of storage, covered patio, efficient hot-water baseboard heat, and the list goes on. Pre-inspected and covered by a 14 month warranty for your peace of mind.
750 Chalk Ave Loveland, CO 80537
Open House:
Sunday, 4/23 1:00-3:00PM
Courtesy: C3 Real Estate Solutions, Llc Brittany Sall
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Open house Sat and Sun from 1pm-3pm! Come quick and see the best value in Loveland! This perfect starter home or investment property has updates throughout, an open floor plan, master bed-bath and walk-in closet. This superb location is minutes away from shopping, restaurants, schools and has easy access to I-25.
352 Cholla Dr Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: Keller Williams Ftc Gold
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Welcome to your new home! Amazing home in an amazing location! Easy quick access to Downtown Loveland,HWY 287 and only 7 minutes to I25! Built in 2014 this home boasts a bright open floor plan,3 bedrooms on upper level, with an office/4th bedroom on lower level, insulated and heated 3 car garage, Fenced in back yard, deck off of dining room and so much more! Set up a showing or come by our Open House this weekend Saturday and Sunday 11am-2pm
130 Cobalt Ave Loveland, CO 80537
Courtesy: RE/MAX Alliance-Greeley Al Detmer
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3 bedroom 3 bath 2 car garage ranch. West facing courtyards greets your guests into this open floor plan with cathedral ceilings. Kitchen overlooks dining and living room with fireplace. Tile floors in main floor laundry room, kitchen and dining area. West facing covered porch opens to fully fenced backyard. Large master bedroom with 5 piece master bath and walk in closet. Full unfinished basement for future expansion. Central Air Conditioning. Easy access to downtown, Centerra and I25.
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text:
Duran Dogan Packaging was established in 2005 by merging the two most experienced and wellknown companies in the packaging sector: Duran Ofset and Dogan Packaging. Duran Ofset , was established by Ali Duran in 1953 . The company soon became most recognised and well respected in the sector by introducing new and various packaging ideas. The company became public by joining the Istanbul
Stock Exchange in 1991.Dogan Packaging was establised in 1934 by Acemyan family . The company has been one of the most innovative board converters in Turkey and Eastern Europe. This family owned company has built a strong reputation in product quality and customer service with more than 70 years of experience.The two companies decided in 2005 to combine their know-how and experience to become the leading packaging converter in the sector. Presently, the company has 320 qualified employees to give the best service possible. Duran Dogan ′s customer portfolio includes leading global companies, which have the highest quality expectations for their packaging. In Duran Dogan, the internal company workflow and external customer services are provided by the global enterprise resource planning software package SAP (Systems, Applications, Products). The production data are collected realtime from the machines via OM Partners production & planning software. This software ensures not only the optimum production plan ,but also the ability to respond to our customer demands in a short period of time. The company has 2 production sites located in Istanbul with a total closed area of 28.000sqm. The sites are equipped with central air conditioning allowing 24-hour constant temperature and moisture values. Duran Dogan is accredited with ISO 9001-2000, HACCP and BRC/IOP certificates, guaranteeing the most hygienic environment for producing direct food contact and pharmaceutical packaging. Duran Dogan has an annual converting capacity of 20.000 tons of cardboard
printed cardboard, packaging products, households, multi-packs, crowns,


text:
Choi says that the next song to introduce is-ah, it is composed and written by GHS..ah you put it into your album. Why? Is it merely because of GHS?
SIG-It is a really good song. It is composed and written by GHS and it sounds like a movie song. I was really surprised.
Choi–So it is a good song and because of GHS-ssi. Ah, she also is featured.
SIG–yes, she only did a very brief featuring.GHS-fans may be very envious of me. She composed and wrote the lyrics. But, on top of that, she sent me a recording of the song with her own voice as a guide. That "pile" will not be released but I will safe keep for myself.
Choi–as we listen to the song,….goodbye.
In another segment in the same video, SIG introduces his album by saying that the audience willl hear him sing ballads. and he is asked about what GHS is like in real life. He says that she is such a nice person and that she is so pretty. She is also very white that she seems so?pure? that if I go nearby, I may "dirty" it up. It was hard for me to go near. MC says that SIG also came out pretty in the video. MC also says that GHS gave SIG lots of help. SIG says that GHS composed and wrote the lyrics and she also called him to say that she wants to present him with the gift of the song. MC says that GHS must have been SIG's fan. MC asks if GHS get any fees? SIG says those issues most likely is handled by agency to agency.
translate …. cheerkoo@soompi
Thanks sue ☺♥


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Yachts are valuable assets worthy of the best insurance protection. And while yachts differ by construction, size and value they also differ in the way they are used and how they are navigated. Understanding the risks inherent with yacht ownership is critically important to being able to properly insure the yacht. That is why working with a Yacht Insurance Specialist is so important to procure the broadest protection available at the most affordable price. That is the definition of true value and that is what we are passionate about here at Charter Lakes. Our account executives will help you design a policy that precisely fits your needs. We have 24/7 claims service, so you will have support available when you need it in the unfortunate event that you have a mishap on the water.
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Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet L. rhizome and evaluation of antiproliferative activity of optimized extracts
- Ali Ghasemzadeh1Email authorView ORCID ID profile,
- Hawa Z. E. Jaafar1,
- Asmah Rahmat2 and
- Mallappa Kumara Swamy1
DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0235-3
© The Author(s) 2017
Received: 16 June 2016
Accepted: 21 December 2016
Published: 5 January 2017
The extraction of bioactive compounds from herbal materials requires optimization in order to recover the highest active dose. Response surface methodology was used to optimize variables affecting the microwave extraction of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet using the Box–Behnken design. The influence of variables, such as ethanol concentration (X1), microwave power (X2), irradiation time (X3), and liquid-to-solid ratio (X4), on the extraction of zerumbone was modeled using a second-order regression equation. The antiproliferative activity of optimized and non-optimized extracts was evaluated against the HeLa cancer cell line using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.
Two linear parameters, X1 and X4, and their quadratic parameters were highly significant at the P < 0.01 level. Two interaction parameters, X1X4 and X2X3 were significant, whereas interactions of X1X2, X1X3, X2X4 and X3X4 were insignificant (P > 0.05). The optimum microwave extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 44%; microwave power, 518 W; irradiation time, 38.5 s; and liquid-to-solid ratio, 38 mL/g. Under these conditions, the maximum zerumbone yield was 5.88 mg/g DM, which was similar to the predicted value (5.946 mg/g DM). Optimized and non-optimized Z. zerumbet rhizome extracts exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against HeLa cancer cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.3 and 7.8 μg/mL, respectively, compared with 1.68 μg/mL for the anticancer drug cisplatin. When the extract concentration increased from 4.3 to 16.0 μg/mL, the inhibition of cancer cell growth increased from 50.0 to 79.5%.
In this study, the optimized microwave protocol developed for extracting zerumbone from Z. zerumbet was faster and consumed less solvent than previous methods, while improving and enhancing the antiproliferative activity.
KeywordsResponse surface methodology Zerumbone Antiproliferative activity HeLa cancer Microwave extraction
Herbs and spices produce a large number of phytochemicals, and have been used as food preservatives, flavorings, and traditional medicines for thousands of years. To date, a large number of studies in the medical industry have appraised phytochemicals to identify any biological activities with potential benefits for human health. The Zingiberaceae family of plants produces various compounds that are useful in the food industry, as seasonings and flavoring agents, and the pharmaceutical industry, as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents [1]. Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm., known locally in Malaysia as "lempuyang," or as "shampoo ginger" in English, is a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Z. zerumbet is a perennial, tuberous root plant that grows naturally in damp and shaded parts of lowlands or hill slopes as scattered plants or thickets, and is native to India and the Malaysian Peninsula. Z. zerumbet is a traditional folk remedy and reportedly possesses various phytochemicals and secondary metabolites with antitumor [2], antioxidant [3], antipyretic, analgesic, [4], antibacterial [5], anti-inflammatory, antiallergic [6], and antihypersensitive [7] activities. Extracts of Z. zerumbet rhizomes have been reported to contain zerumbone, humulene, and camphene [8]. The main component of the essential oil of Z. zerumbet herb is zerumbone ((2E,6E,10E)-2,6,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-2,6,10-trien-1-one), a monocyclic sesquiterpene containing a cross-conjugated dienone moiety [9]. Zerumbone has a wide range of pharmaceutical activity, such as antioxidant activity [10], anti-inflammation activity [11, 12] anticancer activity [13, 14], antibacterial and antimutagenic activity [15], antimicrobial activity [16] and antidiabetic activity [17]. With a lot of medicinal benefit of zerumbone it seems that optimization of extraction process of this compound from Zingiber zerumbet L. (the only natural source of zerumbone) is necessary.
In industrial process control, response surface methodology (RSM) is usually used to determine the levels of input variables that optimize a particular response [18–20]. RSM is a technique that consists of: (a) designing experiments to deliver adequate and reliable response measurements, (b) developing a mathematical model with the best fit to the data obtained from the experimental design, and (c) determining the optimal value of the independent variables that produce the maximum or minimum values of the response. From an industrial perspective, mathematical models of the microwave extraction of bioactive compounds from plant material are required to optimize and predict the process in order for it to replace conventional extraction methods. Appropriate and optimized processing conditions, such as extraction, are required for efficient recovery and cost effectiveness when used on an industrial scale. The aim of this study is to consider the effect of different extraction methods and solvents on the zerumbone content extracted from Z. zerumbet rhizome, and optimize the selected extraction method using response surface methodology. The antiproliferative activities of the optimized extracts against the HeLa cancer cell line will also be considered.
Plant sampling
Rhizomes of Z. zerumbet were collected from the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) glasshouse complex, where they had been grown using a plantation method described in our previous report [1]. Samples were submitted to the Institute of Bioscience, UPM, and were identified as Z. zerumbet and voucher specimens were deposited at the herbarium of the Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Microwave extraction
Briefly, 10 mL of the selected solvents (ethanol, methanol, n-hexane and chloroform) was added to Z. zerumbet powder (2.0 g) in a 50-mL double-necked flask attached to a cooling system. The resultant mixture then underwent microwave extraction, after which the flask was removed and the solution was water-cooled to room temperature. The mixture was vacuum filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper and collected in a volumetric flask. The residue was freeze-dried and stored at −20 °C for future analysis.
Reflux extraction
Lyophilized rhizome samples (2.0 g) were extracted with the 10 mL of selected solvents (ethanol, methanol, n-hexane and chloroform). Extraction was performed by refluxing at 65 °C for 35 min, after which the solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter. paper. Excess solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator and the resultant residue was freeze-dried and stored at −2.0 °C for future analysis.
Lyophilized rhizome samples (2.0 g) were extracted with the 10 mL of selected solvent (ethanol, methanol, n-hexane and chloroform). The resultant mixture was sonicated at 65 °C for 35 min, after which the solution was cooled at room temperature and filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper. Excess solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator and the resultant residue was freeze-dried and stored at −2.0 °C for future analysis.
Isolation and identification of zerumbone
The chromatographic isolation of zerumbone was achieved using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC; Agilent, Model 1200) with an Agilent C18 reversed-phase column (5 μm particle size, 4.6 × 150 mm). A gradient elution with a mobile phase comprising 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and methanol (B) was used as follows: 0 min, 60% B; 16 min, 60% B; 16.1 min, 100% B; 20 min, 100% B; 20.1 min, 60% B; and 25 min, 60% B. The detector wavelengths were set at 270 nm. The flow rate and injection volume were 1.2 mL/min and 10 μL, respectively. The column temperature was set at 40 °C. Zerumbone was identified by comparing retention time of extract with retention time of standard, UV spectra, and UV absorbance ratios after co-injection of samples and standards. Zerumbone standard (CAS Number 471-05-6, ≥98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (M) Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia. Zerumbone was dissolved in methanol HPLC grade to make different concentration (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 µg/mL). Linear regression equations were calculated using Y = aX ± b, where X is the concentration of the zerumbone and Y the peak area of the zerumbone obtained from UHPLC. The linearity was established by the coefficient of determination (R2).
Optimization of zerumbone extraction process
Zingiber zerumbet powder (2.0 g) was stirred in aqueous ethanol in preparation for extraction using the microwave extraction system. Range of variables were chosen based on higher content of zerumbone from the previous preliminary experiment (single factor method). The microwave extraction parameters were microwave power (400–600 W), extraction time (30–90 s), liquid-to-solid ratio (20–40 mL/g), and ethanol proportion (20–60%). Each extraction process was carried out in triplicate. After extraction, mixtures were vacuum filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper and collected in a volumetric flask. The residue was then freeze-dried and stored at −20 °C for future analysis.
Experimental design and statistical analyses
Determination of antiproliferative activity
Cell culture and treatment
HeLa cells and normal human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) were cultured in RPMI 1640 Medium (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were incubated overnight at 37 °C in 5% CO2 to allow attachment to the culture plates.
MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay
Results and discussion
Effect of different solvents and extraction methods on zerumbone content recovery
Effect of different extraction solvents and methods on zerumbone content of Z. zerumbet
Extraction methods
3.76 ± 0.03c
3.24 ± 0.08f
3.26 ± 0.07f
2.81 ± 0.01i
4.82 ± 0.07a
4.06 ± 0.05b
4.07 ± 0.05b
3.36 ± 0.02e
3.70 ± 0.06c
3.12 ± 0.02h
3.18 ± 0.04g
2.66 ± 0.01j
4.11 ± 0.10b
3.55 ± 0.04d
3.25 ± 0.06f
3.1 ± 0.03h
Analysis of single factor method
Influence of ethanol concentration
Effect of single-factors on extraction of zerumbone from Z. zerumbet rhizome using microwave extraction method
Single-factor experiments
Ethanol/water (% v/v)
Irradiation time (s)
MW Power (W)
Liquid-to-solid ratio (mL/g)
(% v/v)
Zerumbone (mg/g DM)
Zerumbone (mg/g DM)
Zerumbone (mg/g DM)
Ratio (mL/g)
Zerumbone (mg/g DM)
4.11 ± 0.17b
4.15 ± 0.10d
3.78 ± 0.09c
3.26 ± 0.08e
4.87 ± 0.13a
5.1 ± 0.18a
4.32 ± 0.12b
3.88 ± 0.09d
3.66 ± 0.08c
4.86 ± 0.15b
4.65 ± 0.10a
4.21 ± 0.16c
3.43 ± 0.14d
4.45 ± 0.16c
3.55 ± 0.08d
5.08 ± 0.18a
3.25 ± 0.09e
4.30 ± 0.17c
3.21 ± 0.08e
4.76 ± 0.15b
3.52 ± 0.11e
2.91 ± 0.06f
Influence of microwave power
The effect of microwave power on the zerumbone recovered from Z. zerumbet rhizome was investigated in the range 300–800 W using a fixed solvent concentration (40% ethanol), an irradiation time of 2 min, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 mL/g. A significant increase in the zerumbone recovery, from 4.32 to 4.65 mg/g DM, was observed at power levels of 400–500 W (Table 2). However, the recovery reduced significantly beyond 600 W, with the lowest recovery observed at 800 W (2.91 mg/g DM). The lower zerumbone recoveries above 600 W might be due to thermal degradation of the phytochemicals at higher microwave power levels. The heat generated by microwaves, with volumetric heating, in the plant cells could be strong enough to breakdown the phytochemicals, resulting in them not being recovered at higher power levels. These observations demonstrated that extractions at higher microwave output power levels, usually more than 800 W, did not ensure a better recovery of zerumbone than extractions at medium power. Based on our observations, microwave power levels of 400, 500, and 600 W were selected as the lower, middle, and upper levels, respectively, applied in RSM optimization.
Influence of irradiation time
In this study, zerumbone recovery was examined at different irradiation times (30–210 s) with three other fixed variables: solvent, 40% ethanol; microwave power level, 500 W; and liquid-to-solid ratio, 20 mL/g (Table 2). The results indicated that the zerumbone recovery increased with increasing microwave irradiation time at the beginning of extraction, with a maximum of 5.1 mg/g DM achieved in 60 s, followed by a decrease after 90 s. According to these results, an irradiation time of 30–90 s was used for further microwave extractions for RSM optimization.
Influence of extraction liquid-to-solid ratio
As in other extraction techniques, the liquid-to-solid ratio is an important parameter influencing zerumbone recovery. For example, in an industrial extraction process, it is important to maximize the extraction yield and minimize solvent consumption [25]. In the current study, the zerumbone recovery from Z. zerumbet rhizome increased with increasing liquid-to-solid ratio during extraction (Table 2). The maximum zerumbone recovery (5.08 mg/g DM) was observed at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 30 mL/g. A ratio of 20–40 mL/g was used during further optimization of process parameters for microwave extraction.
Optimization of microwave extraction conditions
Modeling and model fitting using RSM
Analysis of variance for the experimental results of zerumbone content from Z. zerumbet rhizomes
Estimated coefficient
Standard error
Degree of freedom
Sum of squares
F value
Prob > F
Model intercept B0
Lack of fit
Pure error
R2 adjusted
Corr. total
The ANOVA for the experimental results given in Table 3 shows that the model is significant, with an F value of 13.38. There is only a 0.01% chance that a "model F value" this large could occur due to noise. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9390, which implied that the sample variations of 93.9% for the microwave extraction efficiency of zerumbone from Z. zerumbet rhizomes were attributed to independent variables, with only 6.1% of the total variations not explained by the model. However, a large value of R2 does not always indicate that the regression model is sound [26]. In a good statistical model, the adjusted R2 (R2 adj.) should be close to R2. As shown in Table 2, the R2 and R2 adj. values for the model were close together. The "lack of fit F value" of 2.15 implied that the lack of fit was not significant relative to pure error (P > 0.0.5), confirming the validity of the model. The coefficient of variation (CV) value of 2.86% and the adequate precision ratio of 16.84 suggested that the model was reliable. In general, the results indicated that the model could work well for the prediction of zerumbone extracted from Z. zerumbet rhizomes.
Response surfaces analysis
Figure 1a depicts the relationship between ethanol concentration and each of the three other factors (MW power, irradiation time, and liquid-to-solid ratio) on zerumbone recovery. The zerumbone recovery from Z. zerumbet rhizome increased from 4.83 to 5.46 mg/g DW with increasing ethanol concentration (from 20 to 40%) and extraction power (from 400 to 500 W), nearly reaching a peak at 40% ethanol. Furthermore, the recovery was negatively affected by ethanol concentrations higher than 40% and additional extraction power. The best balance of ethanol concentration and extraction power should be sought to achieve the maximum zerumbone extraction rate. As shown in Table 3, the zerumbone recovery mainly depended on ethanol concentration, because its quadratic and linear effects were highly significant (P < 0.01), resulting in a curvilinear increase in zerumbone yield for all extraction powers and times tested (Fig. 1a, b).
The increase in zerumbone recovery suggested that zerumbone was more soluble in 45% ethanol/water, confirming the results of the single-factor experiments. Ethanol could facilitate an increase in extraction yield and water could enhance the swelling of cell material, favorably increasing the contact surface area between plant matrix and solvent, and resulting in an increased extraction yield [27]. Figure 1c shows the increase in zerumbone recovery with increasing ethanol concentration and extraction liquid-to-solid ratio at the beginning, followed by a decrease at medium values. The data suggested that the extraction liquid-to-solid ratio had a quadratic and linear effect (P < 0.01) on the zerumbone yield (Table 3). The zerumbone yield was maximized using a liquid-to-solid ratio of 30 over a range of the other operational factors (microwave power and irradiation time).
Increased microwave power with a longer irradiation time resulted in a continuous higher temperature in the extraction system. This combination of temperature and time was able to enhance the solubility of zerumbone and decrease the viscosity of the extraction solvent, thus accelerating the release and dissolution of zerumbone (Fig. 1d). Increasing the temperature could also aid the degradation of zerumbone to other compounds. The interaction effect of irradiation time (X2) and microwave power (X3) had a significant influence on the acquired ratio of zerumbone (P < 0.01). The linear and quadratic effects of these parameters (X2, X3) were insignificant (P > 0.05), while the synergistic effect was highly significant (P < 0.01). The zerumbone recovery using microwave energy was found to be a function of the interaction effect of extraction power and time.
In microwave extraction, microwave power was a key variable affecting the release of phytochemicals from different matrices by rupturing cell the wall, and also had the ability to modify equilibrium and mass transfer conditions during extraction. Increasing the microwave power accelerated zerumbone extraction. As shown in Fig. 1e, increasing the microwave power from 400 to 500 W resulted in a gradual increase in extraction yields of zerumbone, followed by a decline with a further increase in liquid-to-solid ratio (beyond 30 mL/g). This zerumbone yield trend could be attributed to the increase in liquid-to-solid ratio decelerating mass transfer, due to the lower heating efficiency under microwave conditions and zerumbone solubility. As shown in Fig. 1f, when the 3-D response surface plot was developed for zerumbone recovery with varying irradiation times and liquid-to-solid ratios, the best recovery of zerumbone was obtained using an extraction time of 60 s and liquid-to-solid ratio of 30 mL/g.
Validation and verification of predictive model
The stationary point, denoting the maximum microwave extraction efficiency of zerumbone, was obtained using an experiment with the following critical values: ethanol concentration, 44%; microwave power, 518 W; irradiation time, 38.5 s; and liquid-to-solid ratio, 38 mL/g. The appropriateness of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was tested using the above selected optimal conditions. The predicted extraction yield of zerumbone was 5.946 mg/g DM, which was consistent with the experimental yield of 5.88 mg/g DM. The predicted values were in close agreement with experimental values and were found to not be significantly different (P > 0.05) using a paired t test. The predicted response values deviated slightly from the experimental data.
Antiproliferative activity
The results of this study indicated that zerumbone recovery of Z. zerumbet rhizome using microwave extraction was 17.9% higher than with sonication extraction, 28.1% higher than with reflux extraction, and 30.2% higher with than Soxhlet extraction. From an industrial perspective, the application of a microwave extraction method to the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant material requires a mathematical model to optimize and predict the process in order for it to replace conventional extraction methods. Appropriate and optimized processing conditions, such as extraction, are required for efficient recovery and cost effectiveness when used on an industrial scale. The present work established an improved and optimized procedure for extracting zerumbone from Z. zerumbet rhizome using a microwave extraction method. The following conditions were appropriate for the extraction of zerumbone from Z. zerumbet rhizome: Ethanol concentration, 44%; irradiation time, 38.5 s; microwave power, 518 W; and liquid-to solid ratio, 38 mL/g. The optimized extract showed significant antiproliferative activity against HeLa cancer cell lines without toxicity to normal cells.
dimethyl sulfoxide
fetal bovine serum
half-maximal inhibitory concentration
(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
Authors' contributions
Study design and experimental work was by AG and HJ. AR was participated in statistical analysis and antiproliferative experiment. MKS was participated in extraction process and statistical analysis. The first draft of the paper was written by AG and reviewed by all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors would like to acknowledge all the staff of the Laboratory, of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) for all the help and guidance provided in order to accomplish this work.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Availability of data and materials
We have presented all our main data in the form of tables and figures. The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
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no start after replacing radiator fan assembly & coolant temp sensor for computer
we replaced the radiator fan assembly on a 2000 Town & country along with the coolant temp sensor for the computer. After installation, the van won't start. No alarm system and no chip in key. Mileage and gear selector light up when key is turned to the start position but nothing happens.
3 Answers
i would first check the battery voltage if its under 9.6volts most cars wont start along with many other accessorys wont work either also make sure the battery connections are tight than if thats OK than check for any blown fuses in both fuse boxes and if those are OK check for lose grounds around the area u were working those are the steps i would take hope it helps :)
yes battery volts are more than 9.6. check all fuses & relays. I noticed there is no check engine light with the key in the on position. Also it is a 2000 caravan not a town & country. sorry. and thank you for your help. needy
so battery is good and all fuses and relays are good? so did u check the main grounds on the engine and or radiator support ?
Your Answer
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Global Entrepreneurship Summit helped the students in getting jobs | Many companies took part in GES
Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur had gained a good name in providing quality education to the students. Now, it is helped the other students who did engineering and management courses. It was conducted Global Entrepreneurship Summit (GES) 2011 from January 14th, 2011 to January 16th, 2011. Popular business people and more than ten thousand people are attended this summit in Kharagpur. Name of the summit is 'Empowering the next billion – entrepreneurship and innovation' and it showed the opportunities in the villages in India. They also explained the success formulae of the entrepreneurship in the cities. A rural innovation workshop is conducted. Few other companies and organizations were took part in the 'start up camp' and they gave the opportunities and internships for the students in the campus. Companies were confirmed the appointment and they also helped the students in self employment. This GES is a good platform for the students who want to get job in the future and who want to live on self employment. Students who are interested can get more information on www. ecell-iitkgp.org or they can call +91 8563800501.


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Need a book? Engineering books recommendations...
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Is anyone aware of any restrictions on galvanizing A722 high strength steel bars?
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Cloud computing and Grid computing are the two phrases that become confusing many humans as they're similar in idea. Cloud computing and Grid computing entails massive pc community infrastructure. at the the front cease, cloud computing and grid computing are more moderen standards as compared to different massive computing solutions. both principles have been evolved for the cause of dispensed ...Read More »
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Hostal San Blas, Madrid
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- In Paseo del Prado
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Hostal San Blas, Madrid
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $44
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Business must remain current when it comes to marketing in order to be sustainable and to thrive. Social media represents a new wave of marketing for the future. This article contains several suggestions for you to use social media to promote your own business.
Guest Blog
Think about creating a guest blog on your site where you let a popular niche blogger come in and write. Consider doing something similar on another site. Either way, you can generate more traffic. If you do a guest blog, get the permission of the host to leave a link to your site. Also, let the guest blogger do the same thing. The blogger's followers are likely to come check out the post as well as your site in the process.
Let your existing customers know about your social media sites. When they sign up to follow your page, social sites will inform their other connections. This will provide you with a fairly easy source of advertisement. Given the referral nature of this aspect, it is in fact more valuable than traditional advertising.
Go ahead and get help with social media marketing if you need it. There are thousands of professionals out there more than willing to help you out. There's no excuse for doing it incorrectly. They are expensive, so you will need to spend a lot if you choose to go this route.
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When posting videos to YouTube make sure there is a link to click on that takes the viewer to your site. Set the link up where it describes your video, and also have a Twitter and Facebook button near your videos on your channel. Having people from YouTube follow you on Twitter or Facebook is useful because there is a great chance they will share your videos.
Social Media Marketing
Use the information presented above, and start to grow your business through social media marketing. With social media, making your presence known online is simple. It doesn't take a lot of money or an advanced website to generate success with social media marketing.
Want to get out of your dead-end job and pursue a home business full time? Regardless what income level you're comfortable with, the most important factor to make it a reality is to change your mindset. Orrin Woodward is one of most respected authority in balancing different areas of life to build stronger, sustainable, and repeatable profitable business from home. Orrin is also the co-founder of LIFE Leadership.