text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Aug 25, 1964
|Filing date
|Aug 21, 1959
|Priority date
|Aug 21, 1959
|Publication number
|Harry A Cheney
|Original Assignee
|Shell Oil Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (19), Classifications (14)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Aug. 25, 1964- H. A. CHENEY ,1
POLYMERIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF CONTROLLED AMOUNTS OF HYDROGEN Filed Aug. 21, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet l '5 u m n: g, 3 E 8 w m r- S 3 3 o 2 E 8 o. o
N w m 8 5 2 w A m N w 2: 9
q r| (H( z E u.| a o m I. a.
HARRY A. CHENEY BY: 5m
HIS ATTORNEY g 25, 1964 H. A. HENEY 3,146,223
POLYMERIZ ATI IN PRESENCE OF CONTROLLED UN F HYDROGEN Flled Aug. 21, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A. 0. SOURCE RECORDER CONTROLL POWER su TO IE- INSTRUMEN TO VENT TO VENT INVENTOR= HARRY A. CHENEY 8w HIS ATTORNEY fat United States Patent M 3,146,223 IOLYMERIZATION ll' l THE PRESENCE 0F (IGN- TRQLLED AMOUNTS OF HYDROGEN Harry A. Cheney, Berkeley, Caliil, assignor to Shell Oil Company, a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 21, 1959, Ser. No. 835,296 4 Claims. (Cl. ass-93.7)
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the determination of low concentrations of hydrogen in olefinic hydrogen gases. It also relates specifically to a method for the polymerization of olefins in which said apparatus and method are employed to control the molecular weight of the polyolefin product by maintaining a desired partial pressure of hydrogen in contact with the reaction mass.
It is now known that alpha-monoolefins can be polymerized at low temperatures and low pressures to produce polymers which are linear in structure. The methods for carrying out such polymerizations are generically referred to as low pressure methods and the polymers thu produced are termed crystalline, low pressure, linear or isotactic polymers. The low pressure polymers are produced by employing any of a variety of catalysts which are called low pressure or Ziegler type catalysts.
A particularly useful linear polymer of this type is polypropylene. In the production of polypropylene by means of low pressure catalysts it is generally found that the molecular weight of the resulting solid polymer is higher than is desirable for most advantageous commercial utilization of the polymer, e.g., for its use in moldings and castings. It has been found that the presence of hydrogen in the reaction mixture can drastically reduce the molecular weight of the resulting polymer. This invention is particularly concerned with continuous methods of operation. It has now been found that it is important, if consistent results are to be obtained in continuous operation, to maintain a carefully controlled partial pressure of hydrogen in the vapor which is in contact with the liquid reaction mass. Under these circumstances, careful control of hydrogen addition is required because even small changes in the partial pressure of hydrogen in the vapor phase result in substantial changes in the reaction mixture and cause large changes in the molecular weight of the polymer.
In carrying out the low pressure polymerization of propylene with addition of hydrogen for control of the molecular weight of the polymer it was found that available methods for hydrogen determination were not sufiiciently accurate for precise control and the present method was devised to permit improved control of the molecular weight of polypropylene. The method is also applicable when hydrogen is used in low concentrations in the polymerization of other monoolefins or of diolefins, or, indeed, wherever the analysis for small amounts of hydrogen in an olefinic mixture is required.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method for the determination of hydrogen in low concentrations in olefinic hydrocarbon mixtures. It is a further object to provide an apparatus suitable for the determination of hydrogen in low concentration in olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixtures. Another object is to provide an improved process for the production of poly propylene. A still further object is to provide an im proved method for the precise determination of hydro- 'gen in the production of polyolefins. It is a specific object to provide a method for maintaining a controlled vapor pressure of hydrogen in a continuous propylene polymerization process. It is also an object to provide Patented Aug. 25, 1964 a method for the production of solid polypropylene of controlled, relatively low molecular weight.
A number of methods are known which are suitable for the determination of hydrogen in gas mixtures. A method which appeared promising for the control of hydrogen in propylene polymerization and similar processes is the thermal conductivity method of gas analysis which is described, for example, by C. C. Minter in Journal of Chemical Education, 23, 237239 (1946). The thermal conductivity method and apparatus are also described in numerous other publications, including U.S. Patents 1,504,707, 2,422,129, 2,472,645, and others. Thermal conductivity gas analysis instruments are commercially available. A suitable instrument is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 3 of the paper by Minter. A similar instrument is described in detail in Bulletin FIL 12-57 of Gow-Mac Instrument Company, Madison, New Jersey. The latter instrument is typical of those which are suitable, when modified, for use in the process of this invention.
The thermal conductivity of a gas is a measure of the quantity of heat conducted in unit time between two unit surfaces in the gas when they are a unit distance apart and the temperature difierential is a unit of temperature. However, measurement or knowledge of the absolute thermal conductivity of a gas are not required in the thermal conductivity method of gas analysis.
The thermal conductivity cell itself is a small cell con atining a wire heated by an electric current. The loss of heat from the wire to the cell wall is a function of the thermal conductivity of the ga contained in the cell; hence, changes in the thermal conductivity of the gas in the cell cause corresponding changes in the temperature of the wire and consequently in the electrical resistance of the wire. Various types of cells are known and may be employed. These include the diffusion type, illustrated in the drawing, in which gas diffuses from a conduit into the cell; another type permits a continuous flow of gas through the cell.
In the standard method of analysis balanced cells are employed in which one cell contains a reference gas and the other contains the sample gas. The conducting wires of the cells form diiferent arms of a bridge circuit, e.g., a Wheatstone bridge. If the bridge is balanced when both cells contain the reference gas then the unbalance of the bridge is a function of the diiference in composition between the sample gas and the reference gas, provided the gases have different thermal conductivities. In ordinary practice the instrument is calibrated in arbitrary units by placing different samples of gas of known concentrations of the desired component to be measured into the sample cell and a known reference gas into the reference cell and observing the resulting reading of an ammeter or potentiometer. The read: ing of the unbalance of the bridge circuit may be performed by a measuring or a recording instrument and may be employed in known manner for actuating control devices such as motorized valves.
. Binary gas mixtures can be directly analyzed by thermal conductivity apparatus provided the differences in thermal conductivity. between the components are substantial. Since hydrogen has a very much greater thermal conductivity than any hydrocarbon gases, mixtures of hydrogen with mixed hydrocarbon gases are often treated as binary mixtures. For example, Webb et al., in Industrial and Engineering ChemistryAnalytical Edition, 16, 719 (1944), describe a method for hydrogen determination in the off-gas from a hydrogenation process in which the instrument was used as for a binary mixture and the gas in the standard reference cell was pure hydrogen.
In an attempt to apply thermal conductivity analysis to the control of hydrogen in hydrocarbon mixtures in which hydrogen is present in low concentrations, e.g., not exceeding about and in which there is some variation in the other components, it was found that accurate results could not be obtained when the mixture was treated as a binary mixture with the preponderant component, namely, propylene, in the reference cell.
It has now been found that excellent results in the determination of hydrogen in such mixtures are obtained by passing the mixture to the sample cell of a thermal conductivity apparatus, thence passing the mixture into contact with a highly active hydrogenation catalyst, suitably consisting of a small amount of palladium supported on gamma alumina, whereby the hydrogen reacts completely with olefin contained in the mixture, and passing the effluent from the hydrogenation contact to the reference cell of the thermal conductivity apparatus. It has been found that when the concentration of hydrogen in the mixture does not exceed about 10% and the concentration of olefin in the mixture is at least in molecular excess, relative to the hydrogen present, then complete removal of hydrogen from the mixture by reaction with olefin can be obtained and the conversion of olefin to saturated hydrocarbon is not sufiicient to change the thermal conductivity of the mixture significantly. This method of analysis is particularly suitable for continuous analysis in a process such as the present one in which the gas composition is subject to frequent variation.
The active hydrogenation catalyst for use in this invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of platinum group metals on a suitable supporting medium. Commercially available catalytic metals of this group include palladium, platinum, rhodium and ruthenium and available supports include alumina and activated carbon, the former in pelleted or granular form and the latter in granular form. The most preferred catalyst contains about 0.5% by weight palladium on to /8 inch pellets or on 4 to 8 mesh granules of gamma alumina. Catalysts having from 0.2% to 0.5% palladium on alumina or up to 1% on carbon or having from 0.3% to 0.5% platinum on alumina or up to 1% on carbon may be suitably employed. These catalysts are selected to be sufiiciently active so that the reaction between hydrogen and olefin in the gas mixture is substantially 100% complete when gas is passed through the catalyst bed at a space velocity from 2 to 6 v./v./min. at atmospheric temperature, i.e., between and 30 C. These conditions are preferably employed, but higher or lower temperatures and rates may be employed if desired. The hydrogenation reaction is exothermic and heat of reaction may increase the temperature of the vessel by as much as 50 C. or more during use.
The hydrogenation contacting chamber is generally a simple small unheated metal vessel, e.g., of about 40 cc. capacity, containing a portion of catalyst held in place, e.g., by screens at each end of the vessel. The vessel may be horizontally or vertically positioned.
According to this invention, therefore, the hydrogen determination apparatus comprises a thermal conductivity determination cell, a conduit adapted to pass a gas sample continuously to said cell, electrical means for measuring an electrical effect varying with the thermal conductivity of the gas in said cell, a conduit connecting said cell with an unheated contacting chamber containing a highly active hydrogenation catalyst, a second conductivity cell, a conduit connecting said chamber with said second cell, adapted to pass gas thereto continuously, electrical means for measuring an electrical effect varying with the thermal conductivity of the gas in said second cell and means arranged to compare the magnitude of said electrical effects.
This invention also comprises a method of determining accurately the hydrogen content of a mixture containing a small concentration of hydrogen and at least a molecular equivalent concentration of unsaturated hydrocarbons which comprises passing a sample of the mixture continuously into contact with a highly active hy drogenation catalyst whereby the hydrogen reacts completely with the olefin and measuring the difference in thermal conductivity of the gas mixture before entry into and after discharge from the hydrogenation step.
This invention further comprises a continuous method of producing a polyolefin of closely controlled molecular weight which comprises contacting an olefin-containing gas in liquid phase with a low pressure polymerization catalyst in a zone containing a liquid and a vapor phase, adding to the reaction mass a controlled amount of hydrogen gas, continuously withdrawing from the reaction mass a stream containing hydrogen and recycling at least the major part of the gaseous portion thereof to the reaction mass while continuously sampling said gaseous portion, determining the hydrogen content thereof in the manner just described, and controlling the rate of addition of fresh hydrogen so that the partial pressure of hydrogen in the vapor phase in said reaction zone is maintained at a predetermined value, whereby the molecular weight of the polyolefin product is maintained in a predetermined desired range.
The method of producing polymers by contacting olefins with Ziegler type catalysts is well known to the art and need not be here described in detail. Reference may be made, for example, to Belgium Patent No. 549,910 to Hercules Powder Company, which also describes the addition of hydrogen in polymerization with low pressure polymerization catalysts. The patent illustrates the use of hydrogen with olefins including ethylene, propylene, styrene, butene-l, octene-l, the copolymerization of propylene with isoprene and others. The polymerization reaction is suitably carried out by mixing a transition metal compound and an organometalllc compound, usually in an inert organic diluent, and then adding the olefin and hydrogen to the reaction mixture. The transition metal is suitably one selected from the left hand subgroup of subgroups a of Group IV, V and VI of the Mendeleev Periodic Table as illustrated on page 28 of Ephraim, Inorganic Chemistry, Sixth English Edition. In other arrangements of the Periodic Table these are sometimes designated subgroups B of the same groups. Suitable transition metals include, for example, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, vanadium, columbium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, uranium and the like. Manganese and Group VIII metals such as iron, cobalt and nickel may also sometimes be employed. The compounds may be inorganic salts such as halides, oxyhalides, etc., or organic salts or complexes. Of particular value are the metal halides such as titanium tetrachloride and titanium trichloride. The organometallic compound which is reacted with one of the transition metal compounds or mixtures thereof may be any organo compound of an alkali metal, alkine earth metal, zinc, Group III metal or rare earth metal. Particularly preferred are aluminum trialkyls, magnesium alkyls, zinc alkyls, Grignard compounds, aluminum sesquihalides and compounds of the formula R R AlX and R AlX wherein R and R each are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrocarbon and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy, aryloxy, the residue of a secondary amine, amide, mercaptan, thiophenol, carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
In the interest of simplicity and clarity, the description of this invention for the most part is confined to a discussion of propylene polymerization. It will be understood that the invention is more widely applicable, as has been explained.
Suitable polymerization conditions include temperatures from about 50 F. to about 150 C. and preferably from about -20 C. to about C. Atmospheric pressure and slight superatmospheric pressures up to about 40 pounds per square inch (p.s.i.) are preferably used but pressures from a partial vacuum to about 1000 psi. or higher may be employed.
Propylene and the higher olefins are quite sensitive to small concentrations of hydrogen. The partial pressure of hydrogen employed in the polymerization of propylene and higher olefins will generally be in the range from about 0.002 atmosphere up to 0.4 atmosphere and preferably in the lower part of said range.
In the above-mentioned Hercules Belgium patent, thirty-one examples are illustrative of batch operations in which a fixed amount of olefin and hydrogen gas were charged to a reactor and permitted to react in the presence of various catalysts. In one run a continuous reaction was carried out by continuously charging both an olefin and hydrogen to the reactor in a fixed ratio with no provision for gas recycle. This was an ethylene polymerization run. Ethylene polymerization is known to be relatively insensitive to variations in the hydrogen concentration.
The present invention is not concerned with either batch operations or reactions in which hydrogen and olefin are continuously charged at a fixed ratio and then discharged and discarded from the system. Such methods are suitable for laboratory studies but are generally not suitable 'for a large scale commercial operation. Rather, the present invention is concerned with a method of controlling hydrogen addition in olefin polymerization a large scale operation in which gas is continuously recycled back to the reactor and it is important to know the hydrogen content of the gas precisely so that make-up hydrogen may be added to maintain a predetermined precise concentration of hydrogen in the reactor. The composition of gas recycled to the reactor in propylene polymerization before addition of make-up hydrogen, typically is in the following range:
Percent by volume Hydrogen 0-2 Ethane 0-1 Propane M 070 Propylene 3080 n-Butane 01 Isopentane 020 The invention will be further described by reference to the drawing wherein FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of apparatus suitable for the practice of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing in more detail the thermal conductivity measuring device and hydrogenation contacting chamber associated therewith.
FIG. 1 illustrates the application of the analytical method of this invention to the production of polypropylene by the low pressure polymerization of propylene. Only the essential equipment and connections are shown. Much auxiliary equipment such as pumps, valves and the like, whose placement will be obvious to persons skilled in this art, is omitted to simplify the explanation. The equipment consists essentially of a propylene purification zone 1, a polymerization reactor 2, a reflux condenser 3, and a hydrogen analyzing apparatus 4 which contains difi'uson type thermal conductivity sample cell 5, and reference cell 6, hydrogenation contacting chamber 7, and recorder controller 8.
In the operation of the process, propylene is introduced into the system through line 11 and is suitably purified by various known means in zone 1 to provide a feed which is substantially free of harmful impurities. The propylene is then passed from zone 1 to reactor 2 via line 16. Into line 16 there are further added hydrogen from line 12 controlled by valve 14 and recycle gas, from a source described below, through line 15. In addition to the mixture from line 16 there is added to the reactor through line 19 a suitable hydrocarbon solvent, e.g., isopentane, to which has also been added a slurry of low pressure catalyst. The catalyst slurry may, for example,
consist of aluminum diethylchloride and titanium trichloride in a mole ratio (AlzTi) exceeding 1 to 1. The reactor contents are agitated either by mechanical means or by gas agitation to maintain uniform conditions suitable for propylene polymerization. The polymerization reaction is exothermic. Heat may be removed by internal heat exchange, but is preferably removed at least in part by exaporation of one or more components of the total reactor contents. Vapor effiuent passes through reflux condenser 3 from which the condensible components are directly returned to the reactor and the uncondensed gas is recycled at least in substantial part to the reactor via lines 21, 15 and 16.
A portion of the gas from line 21 is continually sampled via line 22. In the preferred operation of analyzer 4 the gas passes via line 22 to sample cell 5, thence through line 24 to hydrogenation chamber 7 and thence through line 25 to reference cell 6; it is finally discarded via line 26. Hydrogenation chamber 7 contains a very active hydrogenation catalyst, e.g., about /2% palladium on gamma alumina, which causes the hydrogen to react with propylene at substantially atmospheric temperature. The readings from the sample cell and reference cell are compared by recorder-controller 8. If desired, this instrument may be employed to control the flow of hydrogen in line 12 by way of Valve 14 in direct response to the hydrogen content of the recycle gas. Thus, if the hydrogen content increases above a predetermined desired value the flow in line 12 will be accordingly reduced and vice versa. Alternatively, hydrogen valve 14 may be manually controlled in response to the reading of recorder 3.
The connection of the sample cells includes an optional bypass around hydrogenation chamber 7. This permits passage of the same gas to both the sample and reference cells to establish a zero point. The required valving and piping is shown on the drawing. Its use will be immediately apparent without further discussion.
FIG. 2 illustrates in greater detail the appearance of a suitable thermal conductivity measuring instrument. It is patterned after the one illustrated in the aboveidentified Gow-Mac Bulletin. This instrument is of the type in which two reference gas cells and two sample gas cells are employed to increase the sensitivity of the bridge circuit. The cells are contained in a metal block which serves to maintain substantially constant temperature. The cells are of the diffusion type, i.e., the gas does not flow through the cells but diffuses into them. In the ordinary operation of the instrument, valve 210 is closed, valve 211 is open and valve 212 is in a position to permit gas to pass from the sample line to the hydrogenation reactor. When it is desired to establish a zero point for the instrument, valve 21% is opened, valve 211 is closed and valve 212 is set to permit gas from the sample line to pass to the vent.
The following example illustrates the improvement obtainable according to the present invention in the production of polypropylene.
Propylene was polymerized in a continuous reaction system in which fresh, purified propylene, recycled gas and catalyst were continuously added to a reactor maintained at about 50 C. and containing a liquid slurry of catalyst and polypropylene in isopentane and propylene. Part of the slurry was continuously withdrawn for recovery of polypropylene. A gas stream was continuously withdrawn and passed through a condenser which served to condense for direct return to the reactor a substantial portion of isopentane and to leave uncondensed a remaining gas which, after addition of fresh propylene, was recycled to the reactor. The catalyst contained as active ingredients titanium trichloride and aluminum diethylchloride.
The molecular weight of polypropylene is one of the important variables which must be controlled. A well known measure of molecular weight is the intrinsic vis- 7 cosity" (I.V.). For many uses, the I.V. of polypropylene must be in the range from 2 to 4, e.g., to permit its use in injection molding. High I.V. values indicate high molecular weights.
The above-described process was operated for several days without addition of hydrogen. The I.V. during the initial operation period was 5.3, after 5 days. it was 10.7. I.V. values during successive 12 hour periods fluctuated by as much as 1.2.
In a subsequent run, hydrogen was continuously added to the circulating gas at a constant fixed rate which amounted to about 0.03 volume percent of the recycled gas. The recycle gas was not analyzed for hydrogen in this run. I.V. values during this run varied from 2.5 at the start of the run to as high as 3.6 during the run. The I.V. varied as much as 0.3 in successive 12 hour periods and 0.5 in successive 24 hour periods.
In another run, a sample of the recycle stream was continuously analyzed as described in connection with the drawing herein. In this run the I.V. during the initial period was 3.4, the highest I.V. obtained during the run was 3.6, the lowest was 3.3 and the I.V. at the end of the run was 3.5. The I.V. values did not vary by more than 0.1 during successive 12 hour periods except for one instance in which the variation was 0.2. In this operation a typical hydrogen content of the recycled gas was 1.1% before addition of makeup hydrogen and 1.13% after addition of makeup hydrogen.
It is seen from the above that very close control of the molecular weight of polypropylene can be obtained when operating in accordance with this invention.
It will be understood that the process of this invention is applicable in olefin polymerization processes other than those described in detail and that numerous modifications of the apparatus and method may be made within the scope of this invention.
I claim as my invention:
1. A method of producing a polyolefin of closely controlled molecular weight which comprises contacting an olefin-containing gas in liquid phase in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent with a low pressure polymerization catalyst, maintaining in contact with said reaction mass a predetermined partial pressure of hydrogen gas in the range from 0.002 to 0.4 atm., continuously withdrawing from the reaction mass a stream containing hydrogen and recycling the gaseous portion thereof to said reaction mass, continuously sampling said gaseous portion, determining the hydrogen content thereof and controlling the rate of addition of additional hydrogen so that the total amount of hydrogen added is sufiicient to maintain said partial pressure in said predetermined range whereby the molecular weight of the polyolefin product is maintained in a desired range.
2. A method of producing a polyolefin of closely controlled molecular wei ht which comprises contacting an olefin-containing gas in liquid phase in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent with a low pressure polymerization catalyst, maintaining in contact with said reaction mass a predetermined partial pressure of hydrogen gas in the range from 0.002 to 0.4 atm., continuously withdrawing from the reaction mass a stream containing hydrogen and recycling the gaseous portion thereof to said reaction mass, passing a sample of said gaseous portion continuously into contact with a highly active hydrogenation catalyst whereby the hydrogen therein reacts completely with the olefin therein, obtaining a signal proportional to the difference in thermal conductivity of said sample before entry into and after discharge from said contacting step, converting said signal into an indication of hydrogen content of said sample and controlling the rate of addition of additional hydrogen so that the total amount of hydrogen added is sufiicient to maintain said partial pressure in said predetermined range whereby the molecular weight of the polyolefin product is maintained in a desired range.
3. A method according to claim 2 in which said hydrogenation catalyst consists essentially of palladium supported on gamma alumina.
4. A method according to claim 2 in which said olefin is propylene.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,766,265 Goldsmith et al Oct. 9, 1956 2,817,229 Beard Dec. 24, 1957 2,879,663 Thomas Mar. 31, 1959 2,888,330 Kapif May 26, 1959 2,893,984 Seelbach July 7, 1959 2,909,510 Thomas Oct. 20, 1959 2,964,992 Hurdle Dec. 20, 1960 FOREIGN PATENTS 217,218 Australia Sept. 9, 1958 OTHER REFERENCES Palmer et al.: Thermal-Conductivity Method for Analysis of Gases, Technological Papers of the Bureau of Standards, No. 249, part of vol. 18, January 7, 1924, p. 4-9.
Technique of Organic Chemistry, vol. II, 2nd Ed. (Catalytic Photochemical, and Electrolytic Reactions), edited by Weissberger, p. 102. Interscience Publishers Inc., New York (1956).
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 11, 1952
|Oct 9, 1956
|Lever Brothers Ltd
|Method and apparatus for measuring progress of hydrogenation
|Oct 30, 1953
|Dec 24, 1957
|Honeywell Regulator Co
|Sorbtion gas analysis apparatus
|Nov 25, 1955
|Mar 31, 1959
|Cons Edison Co New York Inc
|Mobile gas detecting apparatus
|Mar 20, 1957
|May 26, 1959
|Standard Oil Co
|Hydrocarbon gas analyzer and method
|Apr 2, 1956
|Jul 7, 1959
|Exxon Research Engineering Co
|Polymerization of alpha olefins
|Nov 20, 1958
|Oct 20, 1959
|Hercules Powder Co Ltd
|Propylene polymerization process
|Feb 7, 1956
|Dec 20, 1960
|Du Pont
|Differential refractometer cell
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 24, 1964
|Dec 27, 1966
|Air Liquide
|Apparatus for analysis of gas mixtures
|Oct 22, 1963
|Dec 5, 1967
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Process control
|Jan 31, 1964
|Jun 17, 1969
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Dispersing gases into liquids
|Feb 17, 1964
|Nov 4, 1969
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Polymerization process control and apparatus therefor
|Apr 22, 1975
|Mar 16, 1976
|Doryokuro Kakunenryo Kaihatsu Jigyodan
|Method and apparatus for continuously measuring hydrogen concentration in argon gas
|Aug 14, 1975
|May 11, 1976
|Phillips Petroleum Company
|Hydrocarbylaluminum hydrocarbyloxide antifouling agent in olefin polymerization process
|Apr 23, 1987
|Jul 25, 1989
|Shell Oil Company
|Process for altering hydrogenated polymer compositions from high melt flow to low melt flow
|Dec 18, 1987
|Dec 19, 1989
|Amoco Corporation
|Advanced control strategies for melt flow rate and reactor concentration in the polypropylene slurry process
|Oct 17, 1988
|Mar 24, 1992
|Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated
|Method of controlling the molecular weight of polypropylene
|Dec 18, 1998
|Jul 10, 2001
|Univation Technologies
|Mixed catalyst system
|Jun 28, 2010
|Jun 26, 2012
|Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp
|Use of hydrogen scavenging catalysts to control polymer molecular weight and hydrogen levels in a polymerization reactor
|Jun 28, 2010
|Dec 11, 2012
|Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp
|Dual metallocene catalyst systems for decreasing melt index and increasing polymer production rates
|Nov 20, 2012
|May 28, 2013
|Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp
|Dual metallocene catalyst systems for decreasing melt index and increasing polymer production rates
|Jun 5, 2012
|Aug 6, 2013
|Chevron Philips Chemical Company Lp
|Use of hydrogen scavenging catalysts to control polymer molecular weight and hydrogen levels in a polymerization reactor
|May 7, 2013
|Jun 10, 2014
|Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp
|Dual metallocene catalyst systems for decreasing melt index and increasing polymer production rates
|Jun 26, 2013
|Sep 16, 2014
|Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp
|Use of hydrogen scavenging catalysts to control polymer molecular weight and hydrogen levels in a polymerization reactor
|Apr 29, 2014
|Oct 27, 2015
|Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp
|Dual metallocene catalyst systems for decreasing melt index and increasing polymer production rates
|Jun 28, 2010
|Dec 30, 2010
|Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp
|Use of hydrogen scavenging catalysts to control polymer molecular weight and hydrogen levels in a polymerization reactor
|Jun 28, 2010
|Dec 30, 2010
|Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp
|Dual metallocene catalyst systems for decreasing melt index and increasing polymer production rates
|U.S. Classification
|526/59, 526/159, 526/351, 526/905, 73/25.3, 526/169.2, 526/169.1, 526/169, 526/68
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
iTunes Oddities
I recently purchased two CDs at Wax Trax, a local independent record store that used to be the source of virtually all my ska and punk CDs because it used to be that you couldn't find them anywhere. Since the MP3 boom several years ago, trips to Wax Trax and stores like it have decreased for me, and when I paid $37 for my two new discs, I remembered why.
I could have bought these same items for less than $20 on iTunes, so essentially I'm paying $17 for mediocre cover art and liner notes I could have probably found online. This availability does come at a price however. It means you've probably bought a fair share of weird crap, horrible crap, and other assorted crap you never listen to 10 minutes after purchase. The impulse buy is easier than ever, and I'm here to show you my music buying misjudgments. Come inside and I'll show you that iTunes is responsible for a good chunk of the bizarre weirdness that is my collection. And considering I don't even mention my purchases of Jamiroquai, Alien Ant Farm (something besides "Smooth Criminal") or the Scissor Sisters, that's saying something.
Join me, won't you?
Golden Earring – "Radar Love"
Don't get me wrong, this is a terrific song and an odd way to kick off this list. It's rock and roll that oozes cool. That's why in the Spring Break episode of The Simpsons you see Bart wearing sunglasses looking like one chill cat behind the wheel of his rented car listening to this song. Them boys were lords of all creation in that episode, and this song was their theme.
My problem with downloading it was that I have such a horrible attention span, I can't get through the entire thing. At 6 excruciating minutes, who has time? For fuck's sake, 6 minutes? That's like two and a half songs for me normally. I can't listen to a song lasting longer than three and a half minutes – what am I, a freaking monk? I got places to be, dammit. And I need my music to adjust accordingly.
I downloaded this at the same time I downloaded "Spirit in the Sky" by Norman Greenbaum, and you might as well include that one here too. Oddly enough, both of these songs are in Wayne's World 2, which probably explains my purchase. Evidently, the power of suggestion is not lost on me as you'll see throughout this list.
Rammstein – "Du Hast"
Now this is more like it! Nothing like cheesy, German, one hit wonder death metal to spice up your list! I haven't a clue when or why I downloaded this dopey tune, but there it sits in my iTunes library. I'm almost positive Rammstein sings this song in earnest, but listening to it now only induces laughter. German is probably – nay, definitely – the most hilarious language ever created, and when you layer that on top of industrial beats from a decade ago, you've got yourself comedy gold.
Thinking back some more, I'm pretty sure I wanted to put this on a workout mix, but after trying to work out to it and getting derailed from laughing too hard, I threw it back on the scrap heap. I love this song for pure comedic value and I'll probably put it on E Dagger's funniest songs of all-time CD right after the Dutch version of "Barbie Girl" and before Denis Leary's "Save This." I really do find this song that funny.
Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds – "Red Right Hand"
You're probably reading this wondering what the hell this song is. You might remember it from Dumb & Dumber in the scene where Lloyd Christmas is trying to purchase a copy of "Rhode Island Slut" and loses his wallet in the kiosk. Or perhaps you know it from that scene in Scream where the town shuts down early because of the recently enacted curfew. Deputy Dewey takes Sidney and Tatum to pick up groceries for the party that night. As to why the town deputy allowed the two girls to go to a party that night with a killer on the loose… well, your guess is as good as mine.
If you guessed that I downloaded this song after watching one of these two movies, award yourself a big shiny gold star. In this case, it was after watching Scream for the first time in a few years and subsequently getting amused remembering that it was also in Dumb & Dumber. It's a good movie song like "Wooly Bully," but nothing you'd ever want to listen to without some sort of visual accompaniment. It's just too fucking goofy.
Speaking of which, I was in the car the other day with a colleague on our way to pitch some new business, and I don't know what station we were listening to, but "Wooly Bully" came on. This was strange enough, but the song after it was "You're Beautiful" by James Blunt. Who the hell was manning the discs? No one in their right mind would ever put those songs back to back. And I don't know that I've ever experienced anything as uncomfortable as listening to "You're Beautiful" in the car alone with another dude. It was like that scene in Jackie Brown when Max Cherry and Ordell were listening to The Delfonics on their way to get Ordell's money from Jackie. Awkward as hell…
Biz Markie – "Just a Friend"
A truly awful song from the worst of the novelty rap area. The charm of this song rests entirely in watching the video for it. Biz Markie and his fat ass are playing the piano in a ridiculous Beethoven get-up while he recounts a story of entering the dreaded "friend zone" with a few truly hideous 1989 uggos. Without the video, you're just listening to a shitty rap song that sounds like it was recorded on Playskool's "My First Mixing Board." Dre's beat beds, these aren't.
I can't remember what possessed me to download this pile of crap, but I've tried to listen to it a few times since and always ended up turning it off before the end. Hell, Hart and I were drunk in Tucson after a Spring Training game listening to this, and after the initial laughing and poor singing of the chorus a couple times, we'd had our fill and moved on to the next song which was almost certainly some other classic like "Shoop" by Salt n' Pepa. And yes, last time I checked we were both straight. Why do you ask?
I've read that Biz Markie is actually an excellent MC and beatboxer, but it'll never matter because he will always be known as this – the novelty rapper who had one hit, went on Celebrity Fit Club, still managed to be really fat, and had his song immortalized by college kids fascinated with their own kitschy nostalgia. Congratulations on that. And congratulations to me for paying $.99 for this.
Dropkick Murphys – "I'm Shipping Up to Boston"
In The Departed, this song is awesome. Why? Because you only hear it for about 30 seconds. Buy this song, and I guarantee you'll be completely annoyed with it after 3 listens. Remember that this song is Jonathan Papelbon, closer for the Boston Red Sox's music, you'll never listen to it again.
It's got a great intro, cool beat, and good intensity, but stretched out over two and a half minutes with repetitive and meaningless lyrics, you've got a weak song. Alright, you lost your leg, we fucking get it! Is there more to it than that, or is it completely necessary you tell us that 12 times? Geez…
This song has the added distinction of reminding everyone how tired we all are of hearing about Boston sports. Between the Red Sox, Celtics, and Patriots, I've had enough Boston coverage to last me my whole life. ESPN lives up to its common Western pejorative nickname of "Eastern Sports Programming Network"with its constant Boston fellatio. I used to like Peter Gammons, but if I have to hear him gush over Fenway Park one more goddamn time under the guise of providing unbiased coverage, I might not rest until I've stalked, killed, skinned, and mounted him over my fireplace. Gotta get a fireplace first, though…
Besides, I think the Mighty Mighty Bosstones are the superior Boston band anyway.
John Fogerty – "Centerfield"
This is such a wholesome song, they might as well include a copy of it with every purchase of an apple pie crust. It's just so good-natured, it's almost impossible to dislike. Plus, it serves as the music during the scene in Little Big League where Billy Heywood rediscovers his love of baseball while playing a pickup game with some lower-middle class kids while on a road trip managing the Twins.
I bought this song while on a nostalgia kick gearing up for baseball season earlier this year. I couldn't wait to see the Rockies defend the National League pennant and see if the Cubs could overcome 100 years of futility hoping this was "the year." I listened to it over and over again in my office along with Steve Goodman's "Go Cubs Go" anticipating the upcoming season despite the ungodly cold winter we suffered in Denver this year. I'm not a fan of Christmas, I feel awkward as hell around kids, and anything too feel-good rubs against my jaded ass like burlap. But my fond memories of baseball can never be tainted no matter the steroid scandals, cheating, or idiocy of Bud Selig. It's only natural that I'd love this wholesome slice of Americana too.
That is, until I read an article in Newsweek or Time (or some piece of crap) listing what some of the top-level politicians in Washington had on their iPods. On George W. Bush's iPod? You guessed it: "Centerfield" by John Fogerty.
It wasn't that I disliked sharing fondness for a popular song with our much maligned president. I could care less. Although, if he said he liked Rise Against and still behaved the way he does, I'd question his sanity.
No, it was that "Centerfield" was an annoyingly safe choice to the question. I'll bet he didn't even answer it. I'd bet a month's salary that someone from the press office answered this inquiry with a prepared response that would attempt to endear the president to the general populace. God forbid we choose something even the least bit controversial for fear of plummeting his already dismal approval rating even further. This also made me hate my line of work a little because the guy who inevitably answered this question is someone like me – trying to endear himself to the client, hating the stupid bullshit he has to come up with – annoyed with the disingenuousness of his role. Annoying on many levels…
It's also entirely possible that George Bush really is like every other politician and is woefully unimaginative. Either way, a few months after I bought it, I was completely soured on this song.
The Grass Roots – "Let's Live for Today," "Midnight Confessions," and "Temptation Eyes"
The power of suggestion tour de force continues here as I read an interview with Creed Bratton from "The Office" and learned that he was formerly a member of a band called The Grass Roots. If you're paying attention to the show, you realize that Creed is essentially playing himself, only batshit loonier. In the episode where Dunder Mifflin accidentally distributes paper with a watermark of Mickey Mouse cornholing Donald Duck, the Scranton Times reporter runs into Creed in the kitchen and says, "Hey, you're Creed Bratton from The Grass Roots. Didn't I write your obituary five years ago?" Apparently Creed fakes his own death for tax purposes whenever he needs to.
Anyway, the end of the interview I saw showed clips from The Grass Roots on "The Jimmy Durante Show" and their sound was one I enjoyed immediately, so I went and downloaded their most popular tracks. Turns out, I knew another one of their songs because it was in that scene in Jackie Brown where Louis and Melanie drive to the mall to exchange the money with Jackie leading to one of the most hilarious exchanges of all-time culminating with Louis shooting Melanie in the middle of parking lot after she needled him one too many times about not remembering where they parked. Awesome.
Why am I telling you all this? I'm not sure, but it's a hell of a lot more interesting than hearing me talk about how the psychedelic undertones of these three songs give me the creeps and prevent me from listening to them late at night because they make me scared. Also, when John Candy looks for Tia and Bug in Uncle Buck, he hears Young MC's "Bust a Move" and says, "Hey this is great music. Who is this, The Grass Roots? Nah, I'm just kidding."
For the life of me I can't remember the names of four of Kristin's good friends… this crap I retain. Stupid good-for-nothing brain.
Xzibit – "X"
Let's close up with pure ego stroke on my part. This song played to my former alter ego and does nothing but extol the virtues of "X." Xzibit is quite charming as host of "Pimp My Ride" with his constant mugging, smiley disposition, and above-average one-liners. But a good rapper, he ain't.
I'm almost embarrassed that I own a copy of this, but it's not nearly as embarrassing as owning "X Gon' Give It To Ya'" by DMX and actually loving the hell out of it for the same self-aggrandizing reason I own "X."
At least Xzibit has appeared in some above average movies and hosts a successful TV show. DMX was incredibly arrested 4 times within 2 months earlier this year and didn't know who Barack Obama was. So yeah, Xzibit may make some sub-par music, but at least he's not some barking at the moon, drug-addicted habitual felon. And still, I like the criminal's music better. But, as you already know, I'm sort of a weird dude.
I'll bet you have some regrets in your MP3 collection that you don't share with many people. Well, now is the time to exorcise those demons and get those skeletons out of your closet. Regret that Kelly Clarkson purchase? Embarrassed about rocking out to The Scorpions and Skid Row? Share it with us in the comments section. Chances are excellent you never downloaded a song (much less two) to feed your own ego. How bad could it be?
We want to know!
Until next time…
21 Jul 2008 E Dagger

subset: commoncrawl


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text: Beat Kick - Claro Que Si 12" • Genre : Italo Disco HiNrg • Year : 0 • Label : • On demand! (album available 128-320kbs)* #/by GROVER Release code: ODI35494 Added on 27-10-2014, 19:32 You want this album? link doesn't work? report us from your account! Release Info: Beat Kick - Claro Que Si 12" Label: Sunset Catalog#: SNT 1001/KZ Format: Vinyl, 12", 45 RPM, Maxi-SingleCountry: ItalyReleased: 1988Genre: Electronic Style: House Credits: Mixed By - Emilio Gonzales Producer, Arranged By - Phil Emerson Written-By - L. Marci*Tracklisting:A Claro Que Si (Acid Version) (6:05)B Claro Que Si (Acid Dub Acic) (5:01)Link This album(s) is currently available for download only with a Premium account. To get a premium account, click here


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We will always attempt to answer your questions thoroughly, so that you never have to worry needlessly, and we will explain complicated things clearly and simply....more
We will always attempt to answer your questions thoroughly, so that you never have to worry needlessly, and we will explain complicated things clearly and simply.
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Garg mother n child clinic is known for housing experienced Pediatricians. Dr. Praveen Kumar Garg, a well-reputed Pediatrician, practices in Gwalior. Visit this medical health centre for Pediatricians recommended by 89 patients.
E 97 Patel nagar city centre
Patel Nagar Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh - 474011
Dr. Praveen Kumar Garg
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Thalassemia is a type of a disease, resulting in the abnormal production of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin stimulates oxygen circulation all over the body. Therefore, a dip in the hemoglobin count can lead to anemia, a disease inducing weakness as well as fatigue. Acute anemia can take a toll on the organs and ultimately cause death.
Severe thalassemia in children yields symptoms, such as dark urine, abdominal swelling, slow growth, jaundice, a pale appearance and deformed skull bones. Diarrhea, frequent fevers and eating disorders are also common.
- Blood transfusions: Regular blood transfusion is the only treatment needed for beta thalassemia aiming to keep sufficient Hb level to avoid long-term complications, though bone marrow transplant is radical cure for the disease.
- Iron chelation therapy: The hemoglobin in the red blood cells is rich in iron-protein that gets deposited in the blood with regular blood transfusion. This condition is known as iron overload as it damages heart, liver and various parts of the body. Iron chelation therapy is used to prevent this damage as it helps to remove the excess iron from the body. Deferoxamine and Deferasirox are two such medicines used for this therapy.
- Folic acid supplements: Folic acid being a B vitamin produces healthy red blood cells and is therefore recommended as a substitute for the above procedures.
- Transplant of blood and marrow stem cell: A blood and a marrow (a substance within the cavities of bones where blood cells are produced) transplant replaces the faulty stem cells with healthy ones contributed by a donor.
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33 years old female from Gurgaon asked
34 years old female asked
Hi. My son will complete 15 months in a week. But he still dose stand or walk on his own. He holds sofa n walks. But when I hold his hands n make him walk he dose want to walk. Few of the doctors v consulted said not to use a Walker. What shud I do? How to make him walk as he is already delayed in walking. Will putting him in Walker help?
Yes don't use walker. You can use three wheel baby cart (toy used in old days) to help him learning walking. Be with baby while he is playing with cart.
31 years old female from Yamunanagar asked
My son doesn't get satisfied with my feed. He is six week old although my feed is proper. He ask for feed after every one and a half hour specially during night. I sometimes don't have energy to feed him frequently. When I prepare formula milk he doesn't even waits start crying nd eats his clothes. What to do.
Hello. Breast feeding is the best feeding for the baby. All baby usually demand feed after around 2 hrs so nothing wrong with the baby. Pls continue breast feeding even at night. Don't start top feeding just because you r tited. Give top feeding only when the baby is hungry even after bf. Resta you can discuss with lactation counsellor.
1 year old male from Bangalore asked
Can I use diaper everyday for my new born baby? He gets irritated if I use cloth nappy and doesn't sleep properly.
Cotton nappies r preferred in our setting. You can use nappy pads n change that evry 2 to 3 hr. If doesn't help I can use diper but again have to change in 2 -3 hrs.
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Graftobian Rubber Mask Grease - Blue (0.5 oz)
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Need to apply Blue Man makeup several times? We also have tubs of Rubber Mask Grease in Blue available for touchups to the Bald Cap and to reapply your on face. Graftobian Rubber Mask Grease is the ultimate make-up for use over foam latex appliances. 0.5 oz. size.
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Beginnings: Movements of Possibility
Program #DAVA015. Recorded in Santa Fe, NM on November 02, 2016.
In times of crisis one can simultaneously see danger and opportunity. Today there is nostalgia for an imagined past and a desire to recreate it. It's a seductive tale. Things were better then. The country was unchallenged in the world. Jobs were plentiful. Minorities, women, gays, immigrants knew their place. There was order in the land. But over many decades, as a result of struggle and movements, society evolved and changed. We are at a perilous moment. Do we want to go back or continue to move forward building on hard fought gains? During another perilous time, Martin Luther King Jr., declared, "We've got to massively confront the power structure." We are at a crossroads: the beginning of a brighter or darker future. The choice is ours.
This event was presented by the Lannan Foundation.
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- Louisiana Purchase
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List of Buskers
City Market Downtown Buskers in City Hall
Benjamin Williams is a musician, singer-songwriter and producer from Edmonton, Alberta whose unique and buoyant zest has quickly established him as one to watch in the local music scene. At the age of 16, he possesses an unmatched ability to captivate you with his outrageously charming personality and musical prowess, whether performing at concert halls, coffee shops, festivals, charity events or busking.
Clinton is a local live performer and loop musician in the Edmonton area. Music is a large part of his life and he has been involved in playing different instruments and singing for the past 9 years. Clinton plays instruments like piano, bass, drums, and guitar, but he is most renowned for his unique looping technique! Clinton is able to loop his instruments and vocals during one song, making the performance sound like an entire band, rather than just a solo performer.
Caitlin Clark, the Dragon Paw Lady, is a face painter and tattoo artist. She works with Kryolan, Wolfe, and Paradise by Mehron facepaints, all of which are dermatologist tested and approved.
5 Element Drums and Lion Dance Crew
Their style consists of a mix of traditional and modern lion dancing. Their specialty is lion expression and realisim, where the lion looks "alive," not "two people in a costume.
The Edmonton Ukulele Circle provides a comfortable and informal place for Ukulele enthusiasts of every level of ability to meet once each month to share a love of making music , picking ,strumming and singing.
John Calverley (BMus.) is an active freelance violinist, composer, improviser, session musician and instructor. As music director for Vinok Worldance he has had the opportunity to explore diverse styles of traditional music from various cultures.
Josh Williams is a 23 year-old Canadian singer/songwriter and multi-instrumentalist whose goal is to provoke thought and emotion through his music. Josh got his start playing at café's and now has performed at a number of concerts and events across Alberta and in the United States! He hopes that people find inspiration through his music.
Lee Conrad is a local artist based in Edmonton. Lee specializes in caricature and pop culture material.
Lloyd Litke is from Edmonton, Alberta. He creates wonderful folk music with vocals and guitar!
With his guitar and vocals, Peter Nolan fills City Hall with beautiful music!
Raynne is an indie folk rock artist currently working on songs in the studio. She is currently working on distributing her music, and is also busking at local markets.
Stephen Stone is a classically trained percussionist with an interest in world music and contemporary styles. He plays drums, mallet percussion instruments, timpani and enjoys percussion of other cultures as well.
Sparrow Grace (Tiffany Brulotte) is a Canadian based singer-songwriter, kirtan artist and healer. Her performances include her original songs and select cover tunes woven creatively with traditional Eastern mantras and call and response kirtan chants.


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Gegeven door onze ervaren internationale leraren.
Besides lovely national teachers and musicians we're happy to welcome
international teachers and musicians on a regular basis.
We hope to support and inspire your inner journey.
8-weeks Mindfulness Training 1.0
Met Hans Kloosterman
Begint op 26 April 2017
You will learn to meditate independently and will learn techniques to take on an objective stance against thoughts, feelings, and physical experiences in order to gain insight in the cause and effect of your own behaviour and that of others.
Den Haag
Continuing Pranayama Practice
Met Sri Sudhir Tiwari
28 April 2017
Continuing Pranayama Practice with Sudhir Tiwari Due to a great demand and the growing understanding in the importance of Pranayama in our daily life, Sri Sudhir Tiwari is coming back to Amsterdam.
Introduction to Yantra Yoga
Met Kevin Sahaj
Begint op 29 April 2017
Yantra Yoga, the ancient Tibetan Yoga for harmonizing prana Yantra Yoga, the Tibetan Yoga of Movement, is one of the oldest recorded systems of Yoga that exists in the world.
The Art of Meditation part 1
Met Tijn Touber
29 April 2017
Longing for a calm mind and a warm heart? For more inspiration and flow? At work and in relationships? Under all circumstances? Tijn Touber has been teaching meditation for over 25 years.
Yogic Philosophy & Practice: Patanjali (50 Hours)
Met Shirley Woods
Begint op 06 May 2017
It is said that if all of the great texts of yoga were lost, with the exception of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, it would be possible to retrieve them all.
Yin Yoga Masterclass
Met Daphne Luttger
Begint op 06 May 2017
This 3 hour Yin yoga master class will give you the opportunity to explore your inner world longer and deeper as we stay longer in a pose, usually 3-5 minutes.
Wisdom in Business - Meditation workshop
Met Maarten van Huijstee
07 May 2017
Welcome to Wisdom in Business, a platform to empower business and creative leaders to handle the rising stress levels, increasing demand for innovation and ongoing societal instability.
Sahaja Healing Yoga Workshop
Met Kevin Sahaj
07 May 2017
Sahaja Healing Yoga, awaken your natural bliss Release tensions and free up blocked physical, emotional and mental energy by practicing Sahaja Healing Yoga as taught by Kevin Sahaj.
Den Haag
The Path towards Essence
Met Dr. Vijith Sasidhar
11 May 2017
We are very honored to welcome Dr. Vijith Sasidhar from India again at our studio at Prinseneiland for a special Evening Lecture about "The Path towards our Essence". In this lecture you will learn more about how to support the way to our true essence by applying Ayurveda.
Ayurveda & Yoga Texts
Met Dr. Vijith Sasidhar
Begint op 13 May 2017
"Reciting and Learning to Think Both Spiritually ánd Scientifically" The ancients texts of Ayurveda and Yoga have long been the ultimate resource for teaching as well as learning tools within the millennia old traditions of these healing sciences. The texts are considered authoritative and to some extent also complete in themselves.
Introduction to Yoga Program
Met Jasmijn Koelink
13 May 2017
New to Yoga? This Introduction to Yoga Program is the perfect way to begin (or reawaken) your yoga practice! We offer you a 2-hours' introduction session and 5 beginners' classes (within 30 days of your intro) for only 50 euro.
Wisdom of Immortal Life
Met Ven Maratika Rinpoche
15 May 2017
We are very happy and honored that Ven Maratika Rinpoche is coming to Europe to give teachings at Delight Yoga, and offering us a living connection with one of the most sacred places on earth. You are heartfelt invited to attend.
Den Haag
Ayurveda: The Secret of Daily Routine
Met Dr.Vijith & Dr. Vidya
Begint op 19 May 2017
We are honoured to welcome Dr. Vijith Sasidhar & Dr. Vidya Vijith to the Netherlands for this Ayurveda Retreat about the Secret of Daily Routine. This Ayurveda retreat in the Babaji Ashram in Loenen will be about Dinacharya (Daily Routine) and Abhyanga (Ayurvedic Self-massage)*.
Art of Asana - Back Bends
Met Adela Serrano
20 May 2017
As winter transitions into spring our bodies, as well as our minds change dramatically. Just as the spring flower buds begin to open with the sun, our bodies get warmer more easily and it takes less time and external heat to prepare for backbends.
Deepening your yoga with self-practice
Met Irina van der Sluijs
20 May 2017
Does this sound familiar? You come out of a yoga class, feeling so invigorated and open that you wonder why you don't do this more often. Maybe you want to practice on your own but you are not sure what to do.
Den Haag
Heart over Head: Inversion workshop
Met Jenny Schoenmann
21 May 2017
All levels are welcome Reintroduce you to your inner child, being playful and heart lighted.
Den Haag
Clinical Ayurveda Workshop
Met Dr. Vijith Sasidhar
Begint op 27 May 2017
This 2-day weekend workshop with Dr. Vijith will focus on the importance of Vata Dosha and its management regarding bones & joint diseases. Vata is involved in most diseases and disorders of bones and joints, but the pathology in bones & joints diseases might be completely different, even though they seem similar.
Awakening the Leader Within
Met Erica Jago
27 May 2017
"The five rhythms have become a spiritual practice, a workout for body and soul with astounding healing properties not only for individuals but for entire communities." - Gabrielle Roth
The Art of Meditation - Part 2
Met Tijn Touber
27 May 2017
Are you ready to deepen your meditation? We are happy to introduce you to the follow-up of the successful Art of Meditation workshop! In this follow-up workshop you'll dive deeper into the holistic aspects of meditation. Tijn will explain seven essential steps and initiations in life and how to activate these with simple meditation techniques - which you can use in every circumstance.
The Pranayama Journey
Met Arno Nistal Ten Veen
03 June 2017
Typically, we only use 30 percent of our full breathing potential. Because our breath is connected to prana (or life-force), this results in a continuous lack of energy. Additionally, 70 percent of our detox processes happen through our breath.
Ayurvedic Yoga (50 hours)
Met Victoria (Tory) Hyndman
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Cheryl Campbell Senior Registration Officer Registration
About the Register Registration commenced in April 2003
There are 21 different parts of the Register There are currently 70,765 registrants across the different parts 29% of these registrants are registered subject to a qualification condition
Mandatory Registration
Part of the Register Mandatory registration No. Regstd % Qualified Social Workers Sept 2005 10966 100% Students May 2004 1794 N/A Care Inspector Staff Mar 2010 281 78% Residential Child Care Workers Sept 2009 6272 70% Managers of Adult Day Care Services Nov 2009 382 73% Managers of Care Homes Services for Adults 638 67% Supervisors in Care Homes Services for Adults Mar 2012 3073 42%
Mandatory Registration
Part of the Register Mandatory registration No. Regstd % Qualified Practitioners in a Care Homes Services for Adults Mar 2013 5777 60% Managers of Day Care of Children Services Nov 2010 2517 34% Practitioners in a Day Care of Children Service Sep 2011 20379 87% Support workers in a Day Care of Children Services June 2014 5001 45% All Residential School Care Accommodation Workers Nov 2013 369 38% Managers of Housing Support Services Jan 2014 1201 49% Managers of Care at Home Services 876 46%
Future Dates for Mandatory Registration
Part of the Register Date Register Opens Date of Mandatory Registration Support Workers in Adult Care Home Services April 2009 30 September 2015 Supervisors in Housing Support & Care at Home July 2014 30 June 2017 Workers in Housing Support & Care at Home 2017 Expected 2020 All workers new into their role are required to be registered within six months of starting in the new post. This includes workers in posts in the above categories where registration is not yet mandatory.
Eligibility Workers must be working in a service regulated by the Care Inspectorate to be eligible for registration. Workers cannot apply for registration in advance of being recruited into a role. This requirement does not apply to social workers. Workers already registered with another regulatory body e.g. the Nursing and Midwifery Council are not eligible for registration with the SSSC. Volunteers are not eligible to be registered with the SSSC.
Register Parts How do I know which part of the Register I should be applying for? Workers should discuss this with their employers based on: Definitions of register parts on the SSSC website The role the worker undertaking not their job title Workers should apply for each part of the Register they are carrying out the role for
Support Workers in Care Home Services for Adults
There is an estimated 27,000 workers in this category 13,949 applications have been received since 2009 Deadline for the receipt of applications is 30 September 2014 to guarantee registration by 30 September If the application is referred to Fitness to Practise, we cannot guarantee that the worker will be registered by 30 September 2015
Avoid delays in the application process
Employer provide PVG Membership or Disclosure Scotland number and date carried out at the point the application is endorsed Verified copies of qualification certificates All providers should set up countersignatories
Who is responsible for Registration?
Employers are responsible for ensuring they are employing registered workers – it can take up to 60 days to process an application for registration. It can take longer if the application is referred to Fitness to Practise. As part of an inspection of a care service, the Care Inspectorate are checking the registration status of staff Workers are responsible for maintaining their registration, including achieving qualifications
Lapsing Registration The SSSC can remove someone from the Register without referral to a Registration Sub-Committee for the following reasons: Non-Payment of Annual Fee Failure to Renew Failure to Meet a Condition Since March 2012: Reason Total Lapsed - Failure to meet qualification condition 29 Lapsed - Failure to Renew Registration 1338 Lapsed - Non Payment of Annual Fee 6074 7441
Change of Details It is important that applicants and registrants keep us up to date as this may affect their eligibility for registration On average we are dealing with 1,000 change of details per week It is the registrant's responsibility to keep us up to date but we can accept updates from employers We are changing how we communicate with registrants…….
MySSSC Applicants Registrants Employers Universities Apply online
Pay Fees Renew Registration Change of Details PRTL Apply for Registration Employers View employee details Report changes to employee details Endorse applications Maintain countersignatories Universities Student results Notification of commencement View student details Report changes to student details
Contact the SSSC The Scottish Social Services Council Compass House 11 Riverside Drive Dundee DD1 4NY Telephone:
Laura Wylie Team Leader- Training and Sector Liaison Fitness to Practise
The Role of the Fitness to Practise Department:
To determine if someone applying for registration is of good character, conduct and competence. To investigate allegations of misconduct against registered workers in order to determine their continued suitability for registration with the SSSC.
Fitness to Practise (FtP):
FtP deals with referrals about applicants, registrants and social service employees who are not registered with the SSSC but where the worker has or would have been dismissed on the grounds of misconduct by the employer. We receive referrals/information from numerous sources including: members of the public; service users; employers; registered workers and applicants; the police; PVG; Care Inspectorate. Types of cases include criminal charges/convictions , employer disciplinary action, member of the public complaints, failure to meet the conditions of registration with the SSSC.
An Employer's Responsibilities:
In addition to their responsibilities under the Code of Practice, employers have responsibilities under the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 in relation to any social service worker, whether the worker is registered with the SSSC or not (non-registered workers). As part of the drive to raise standards of practice and increase the protection of the public, employers of social service workers have a duty to let the SSSC know if they dismiss a social service worker on the grounds of misconduct, or if a social service worker has resigned or left their job and the circumstances are such that the worker would otherwise have been dismissed for misconduct, or dismissal for misconduct would have been considered. This responsibility is set out under the legislation for the regulation of social service workers in Scotland.
Applicants: Applicants should apply as soon as possible when taking up a post which is eligible for registration with the SSSC. If a case is referred to the Fitness to Practise Department, we cannot guarantee the individual's application will be processed within 60 days. Reasons why applicant cases are referred to the Fitness to Practise Department include: outstanding criminal proceedings, the nature of the conviction(s) declared, failure to declare convictions, live disciplinary action, information held on file by the SSSC from a previous period of registration/previous application/non-registered worker referral information.
Applicants (cont): Possible outcomes: Register
Register with conditions ( with the applicant's consent) Refer matter to a Registration Sub-committee for consideration. The Sub-committee can register, register subject to conditions or refuse registration. If refused registration an applicant cannot reapply for registration for at least a period of 2 years. They can reapply after 2 years, if there has been a material change in the individual's circumstances otherwise they cannot reapply for a period of 3 years.
Applicants- what employers need to know:
For existing employees who are in a post which has a required registration date set, employees must be registered with the SSSC by the deadline date or the employer is potentially committing an offence. If new workers are not registered within six months of taking up a post in a role where that part of the Register is open, the employer is potentially committing an offence. The SSSC will notify the Care Inspectorate if we are aware of any organisations who are not complying with the regulations Have your employees apply for registration as soon as possible.
Registered Workers: The vast majority of social service workers act in accordance with the Code of Practice and consistently meet the high standards expected by the public. However, the SSSC can take action against registered workers who do not meet the standards expected of them. Possible outcomes: No Further Action Officer Warning ( up to 5 years) Officer Conditions Officer Warning + Conditions Refer matter to a Conduct Sub-committee that can impose all of the above outcomes but can also suspend a registrant for a period of up to 2 years ( with or without conditions)or impose a removal order.
What should an employer notify the SSSC about and when?
For serious matters, e.g. dishonesty, violence, or any case involving detriment or harm to vulnerable people please tell us as soon as an investigation starts. For other matters, which do not indicate that there is a risk to members of the public, service users or the registrant concerned, please tell us when the final outcome of the disciplinary process is known. When a decision has been made to suspend a registered worker please tell us immediately, as we may have to take immediate action to temporarily suspend the worker from the SSSC Register. When a registered worker has been charged with committing a criminal offence please tell us immediately. We may have to take immediate action whether or not you have suspended the worker. should always be referred to the SSSC regardless of the outcome, except those matters at the paragraph marked * below. The reason for this is that while a one-off incident may not, on its own, call into question suitability for registration, repeated behaviour of a similar type may. Referring all disciplinary matters to the SSSC allows a picture to be built up over a worker's whole career which could otherwise be missed if they move jobs. Please bear in mind that we may also hold information relating to a worker's history of which you may be unaware.
What you should not notify the SSSC about
You should not report the following matters to us: sickness absence, where there is no underlying competence/performance issue and no dishonesty or lack of insight, unless there is a pattern of absence or minor illness of a regularity which demonstrates a disregard for professional conduct and standards smoking tobacco contrary to an employer's policy, except in premises, including outside premises, gardens and service users' accommodation etc, where a service user is present We would not consider these matters because they do not impact on an individual's suitability to be on the Register.
Interim measures: While our investigations are on-going into the allegations against a registered worker, the SSSC can refer the case to a Preliminary Proceedings Sub-Committee (PPSC) if it is deemed necessary for: Protection of members of the public It is otherwise in the public interest It is in the interests of the registrant Possible outcomes: No order Interim suspension order Interim conditions order
What we need from employers?
When endorsing an application for registration ensure any on-going concerns are noted and ensure all conviction information on PVG/Disclosure Form is declared and accurately detailed. Inform the SSSC at the earliest opportunity. Provide the SSSC with clear, specific information in relation to the allegations. Keep the SSSC up to date with the progress of your investigation. Provide copies of all disciplinary paperwork including any appendices to disciplinary reports, witness statements etc. It is helpful if witness statements\minutes of meetings are signed when taken by the employer.
Agency workers: The SSSC's view is that if a worker has been supplied by an agency for work in a registered service: the provider has a responsibility for notifying the SSSC of any concerns about the worker in terms of the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 and the SSSC's Code of Practice for Employers of Social Service Workers, and Where an agency employs a social service worker, the agency is also responsible for notifying the SSSC in terms of the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 and the SSSC's Code of Practice for Employers of Social Service Workers.
PVG and Fitness to Practise.
The role of PVG is to look at the wider suitability of individuals to work with children and/or vulnerable adults. The SSSC has a more specific remit in determining suitability for roles within social services. Share information SSSC receives scheme updates\will be informed if someone is under consideration for listing SSSC are eligible to refer matters to PVG ( employers have statutory duty to refer if the referral criteria is met) If a registered worker is listed by PVG they can be automatically removed from our Register. In non-conviction cases PVG will await the outcome of any on-going SSSC proceedings /take into account the outcome of any concluded proceedings when deciding if an individual is suitable for scheme membership.
www.sssc.uk.com "protecting the public"
Details of employer responsibilities, link to the employer referral form and guidance What we do with the information you provide to us Details of officer imposed sanctions and Sub-committee decisions Details of up-coming hearings and information regarding the sub-committee process Details of registrants currently subject to interim measures Indicative sanctions guidance.
Val Murray Director of Fitness to Practise
Fitness to Practise: Performance and Planned Activity
2013 -2014 performance 155% increase in hearings
16% increase in cases opened 1400 referrals Target completion indicators 70% of cases concluded within 6 months 96% concluded within 15 months
Strategic Plan 2014/17 Expecting additional 30,000 on Register by September 2015 Increase of about 50% in Registrants 2014 – 2015: 2400 referrals to Fitness to Practise expected
Themes from SSSC casework
Failure to treat service users with dignity and respect Medication administration failures Attending work under the influence of alcohol Dishonesty Behaviour towards colleagues Inappropriate use of social media
Significance for employers/managers?
Recruit only those with the right values (Code of Practice for Social Service Workers). Follow safe recruitment practices. Provide good induction for new staff and on-going training e.g. administration of medicines; importance of care plans Emphasise Codes for Workers and Employers
Using casework information strategically
Using casework information, we are: Working with SSSC Sector Development colleagues on applying the learning Developing practice guidance for managers Adopting a fitness to practise regime Reviewing SSSC approach to regulation
Developing practice guidance for managers
Tool to Describe what is expected of managers Guide managers in their practice Using examples from SSSC case work Proposed working group to develop guidance Key stakeholders to be involved
Adopting fitness to practise regime
Currently operate 'misconduct' regime Under proposals we would consider: Misconduct Competence/deficient professional performance Health - impact on suitability to practise
Advantages Fitness to practise regime would allow us to consider:
Risk where concern is not currently covered in the Code of Practice Current/future suitability to practise
Progress We will now produce:
Revised guidance on referrals for employers Revised Codes of Practice and Rules Key stakeholders to be involved
Reviewing the SSSC approach to regulation
SSSC has agreed to consider whether we have right approach to regulation generally: Is it proportionate? Are costs/benefits properly balanced? Does it fit new landscape for social work/social care sector in Scotland? Key stakeholders to be involved
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