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Unit B - Oceanfront - 2 Bed / 1 Bath - 3 Day Minimum - Sleeps Four - No Pets(65 Reviews)
The owner has been emailed.
To book this property, you need to complete your booking through checkout on the VRBO website. We can't protect your payment if we don't know you've booked through us. Learn more
- Minimum stay:3-28 nights
- Sleeps:4
- Bedrooms:2
- Bathrooms:1
- Property type:Apartment
- Internet:Yes
- Pets considered:No
- Wheel chair accessible:No
About the Property
Unit B - Oceanfront - 2 bed / 1 bath - Sleeps Four - No Pets
The Blue Terrazz Unit B is our small, short-term vacation rental, a peaceful, relaxing apartment located directly on the beach. This unit is on the main floor and located on the north end of the house. Both the living room and master bedroom windows face the ocean.
Enjoy your evening glass of wine on the deck and sleep comfortably listening to the sound of the waves on the shore. The beach is directly off the deck staircase with sand ready for your toes. The deck is perfect for those spectacular sunrises and your morning coffee as you watch the dolphins slide soundlessly through the water.
Your vacation home has a living and dining area with comfortable, beach friendly furniture. Your laundry area comes with stacked full-sized washer and dryer with multiple selections. All linens are provided, including sheets, pillows, bath towels and beach towels. With a fully furnished kitchen, this apartment has everything you need for a comfortable stay on the beach. Whether you cook or decide to visit our local restaurants, we supply everything (except your food), even the Keurig coffee pods for that first cup of the day.
An outdoor hot and cold shower is privately hidden underneath the deck, along with additional storage should you need. The yard holds a hammock and we provide a small selection of beach toys, several beach chairs and umbrellas. Two outdoor off-street parking spaces are allotted for this unit, one for your car and another for your bicycles or golf cart (or both!). The access to the front door of Unit B is to the left (north) side of the home as you are facing the ocean, allowing for privacy away from the other units.
The Town of Sullivan's Island requires that Unit B must be rented for a minimum of three (3) days, but there is no maximum. Unit B can be rented for a week, a month, or a year, should you never wish to leave. Please note that the total guests visiting for the day cannot exceed six as this is one of our smaller units and the Town closely regulates all rental apartments and the number of occupants. All guests and automobiles must be registered with our property manager. The apartment is part of a three-unit home and is properly licensed with the Town of Sullivan's Island.
A family friendly piece of heaven, Sullivan's Island does not allow alcohol or parties on the beach and no fireworks. We do not take pets of any kind, but if you must travel with your pet, he or she must be registered with the Town to walk on the beach (for a fee), and boarded off site. We will be happy to provide you a list of local boarding facilities should you need. With multiple units, we have quiet hours that begin at 10:00 p.m.
We look forward to being your hosts on Sullivan's Island. Welcome to The Blue Terrazz!
When you're ready to book, here are some tips to keep in mind.
Paying with a credit card on VRBO protects your payment for up to $10,000 against listing fraud. We recommend completing your booking on VRBO.Learn more
Member since: 2013
Property Type
- Apartment
- On floor 2
- 750 sq. ft.
House Rules
- Max. occupancy 4
Minimum Age Limit For Renters:
We do not host any type of house-party, even small groups. Girls college reunion parties are not really suitable for our location we have learned....moreless
Children Welcome:
This is a family beach. Children are very welcome. Please be advised that if you have a little one that uses a Pack N Play or other portable bed, you will not have enough room in the bedrooms to set up the crib. It will have to be placed in the living room....moreless
Non Smoking Only:
This is a no smoking unit. We do not allow any smoking (cigars, cigarettes, or other) whatsoever. You must smoke outside on the porch and you must be certain all windows and doors are closed to the unit....moreless
Accommodation Type
- Vacation Rental
- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
Onsite Services
- Housekeeper Optional
- Long-Term Renters Welcome
Wheelchair Inaccessible:
There are two sets of steps to the apartment and then additional steps to the beach. The sand is thick and soft, not really suitable for wheelchairs. There is a wheelchair access at several locations on Sullivan's Island, but you will need to travel by car to reach those....moreless
Bedrooms: 2 Bedrooms, Sleeps 4, Beds for 4
Bathrooms: 1 Bathroom
Other Amenities
Books are provided. Please swap for ones you have already read and leave those for others....moreless
DVD Player:
The DVD player is located in the Living Room behind the television....moreless
- Games:
Satellite / Cable:
Comcast cable is provided with all movie channels in the living room. Standard channels only are in the bedroom....moreless
- Family
- Sports & Activities
- Botanical Garden
- Churches
- Cinemas
- Health/Beauty Spa
- Library
- Marina
- Museums
- Playground
- Restaurants
- Ruins
- Water Parks
Local Services & Businesses
- ATM/Bank
- Fitness Center
- Massage Therapist
- Medical Services
Leisure Activities
- Antiquing
- Beachcombing
- Bird Watching
- Boating
- Eco Tourism
- Horseback Riding
- Miniature Golf
- Shelling
- Shopping
- Sight Seeing
- Walking
- Wildlife Viewing
Location Type
This is a familly beach terrific for swimming, paddleboards, body surfing and for small children....moreless
You are steps away from the beach simply by walking out your front door! Unit B is one of three apartments in a large house located directly on the Atlantic Ocean near Station 29....moreless
Sports & Adventure Activities
- Basketball Court
- Cycling
- Deepsea Fishing
- Fishing
- Fly Fishing
- Golf
- Jet Skiing
- Kayaking
- Paragliding
- Parasailing
- Sailing
- Sound/Bay Fishing
- Surf Fishing
- Surfing
- Swimming
- Tennis
- Water Skiing
- Wind-Surfing
- Dining Area
- Seating for 6 people
Air Conditioning:
Each room has its own mini-split air conditioning unit. You will be able to regulate each bedroom at a different temperature from the living area if you desire....moreless
Clothes Dryer:
A full sized stackable LG washer and dryer unit is provided....moreless
There are no garage facilities available for this unit....moreless
- Hair Dryer
Each room has its own mini-split unit that heats as wells as cools. You will be able to have your bedrooms a different temperature than the living area if you wish....moreless
- Internet:
- Iron & Board
Linens Provided:
Linens are provided with additional blankets and pillows....moreless
Living Room:
The living room has a new sleeper sofa, coffee table and 42' television that faces the ocean....moreless
Two private parking spaces are provided for this apartment. If you have friends or family visiting you at the beach, they must park at the Station 30 public parking area or on the street....moreless
A local telephone line is available. We allow calls through the North American continent only....moreless
Towels Provided:
Towels for the bathroom are provided. Beach towels are provided....moreless
Washing Machine:
A full sized LG stackable washer and dryer is provided....moreless
Coffee Maker:
A drip coffee maker is available. A Keurig coffee maker is available and an assorted section of K-cups. If you are selective about your coffee choice, please bring your K-cups with you or buy here....moreless
Dishes & Utensils:
All dishes and utensils are provided as you have in your own kitchen. You will only need to bring your food....moreless
- Dishwasher:
The galley kitchen is a full-service kitchen with all dishes, utensils, pots and pans provided. There are plenty of dishes; a Keurig coffee maker, blender, toaster, standard coffee maker....moreless
- Microwave:
- Oven:
Pantry Items:
Food and pantry items may be obtained for you in advance of your arrival for an additional fee. Please discuss this service directly with the owner by email or phone....moreless
The refrigerator is a full sized refrigerator with ice-maker....moreless
The stove is full sized ceramic top electric stove....moreless
The toaster is a standard two-slot electric toaster....moreless
Bicycles are available for rent at the local bicycle shop on the island and off island as well. Please refer to the Miscellaneous flyer provided with the rental documents email....moreless
Deck / Patio:
The deck is adjacent to the front door of the apartment and has two chairs and a small ceramic stool that you can use as a table....moreless
Building Type
- House
House Cleaning
- Housekeeper Optional
RatesCurrency Conversion
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
Apr 1 - Apr 30, 2017
3 night min stay
May 1 - May 31, 2017
3 night min stay
Jun 1 - Jun 30, 2017
3 night min stay
Jul 1 - Jul 31, 2017
3 night min stay
Aug 1 - Aug 31, 2017
3 night min stay
September 2017
Sep 1 - Sep 30, 2017
3 night min stay
October 2017
Oct 1 - Oct 31, 2017
3 night min stay
Nov Dec Jan Feb ('18)
Nov 1 - Feb 28, 2018
28 night min stay
March 1 - Oct 31
Mar 1 - Oct 31, 2018
3 night min stay
Nov Dec Jan Feb
Nov 1 - Feb 28, 2019
28 night min stay
My Standard Rate
3 night min stay
Additional information about rental rates
Fees and Rental Conditions:
- Property Damage Protection $59
- Cleaning Fee $150 + tax
- Refundable Damage Deposit $500
- Tax Rate 12.5%
Rates are subject to change until rental reservation is confirmed by the owner and the rental contract is signed by the tenant and accepted by the owner. Once your reservation has been accepted the owner will email to you the rental agreement and other required documents.
Owner's cancellation policy:
100% refund if canceled at least 30 days before arrival date.
Don't forget your vacation protection! Get protected now
Adding our Vacation Protection services can make sure your getaway goes smoothly, no matter what. We offer Cancellation Protection and Damage Protection so you can truly relax.
- Attraction
- 1.4 miles to rental
- View on map
Car: Recommended
Wind surfing is very popular in this area of the beach. Grab your gear and hit the beach! You are only minutes to tour historic Charleston, play golf at Wild Dunes, go shopping in Mount Pleasant, paddle board at Shem Creek. Sullivan's Island is centrally located and one of the best family beaches in the area.
Owner info
Year Purchased: 2013
About the owner: We moved to Sullivan's Island in 2013 after purchasing this home to be our primary residence. We completed renovations on this large beach house that holds our center section and two apartments on the main floor in the wings. We love the town and the beach, and know that you will enjoy it as much as we do.
Why the Owner Chose Sullivan's Island, SC, USA:
We wanted a unique property on Sullivan's Island and wanted to be as close to the water as possible. It is absolutely amazing to be able to make coffee each morning and walk to the beach to enjoy the waves splashing around me as I enjoy that first cup!
The Unique Benefits at this Apartment:
This is one of the few properties on Sullivan's Island that rents fully furnished apartments that are directly on the beach. We love seeing the wide beach, rolling waves, dolphins and wind surfers from our living room. We know you will too. We also love how the beach changes almost daily.
Contact us
Send email
- Primary: +1 8438828059 No texting. Office Hours: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
- Secondary: +1 3058491481 For texts only. All calls to (843) 882-8059.
Links to more information:
- CLICK HERE - The Blue Terrazz Beach House Website
- Click Here to see All My Rental Listings
The Blue Terrazz beach house. Unit B is the first floor wing on the left.
Your view as you exit your car on the left side of the home.
The front door and private deck for Unit B.
Direct view of the Atlantic Ocean from the Living area and Master Bedroom.
Living / Dining area with table that seats four. Wireless internet available.
Guest Bedroom has two single beds, closet, sweater chest for your clothes.
All new bathroom! We provide towels, hairdryer, soap, shampoo / conditioner.
All new stainless steel appliances. Washer and dryer provided.
Hammock available for naps in the back yard on the beachside.
The beach looking toward Charleston.
Exterior of beach side of home. Unit B is lower right section.
Family beach.
Newly painted exterior of the entire home.
Private walkway to Unit B.
Living area with a 42' television, Comcast movie channels.
Your view from the living room of Unit B.
Master Bedroom has a new Queen sized mattress and M. Craig handcrafted bed.
Barn door installed to give more room in the bathroom.
Dining area and kitchen with coral chandelier.
The beach at high tide. (Photo taken 7-7-13)
The beach in August 2013.
The beach looking toward Isle of Palms.
Outdoor hot / cold shower area under the deck.
This listing was first published here in 2013.
Date last modified - Saturday, April 29, 2017
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subset: commoncrawl


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King Kong (5/10) Movie CLIP - Giant Bugs Attack (2005) HD
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King Kong (5/10) Movie CLIP - Giant Bugs Attack (2005) HD 5 out of 5


text:
And now for something completely different.
The Iowa caucus and its unique procedures are in the books, with Ted Cruz winning for Republicans and Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders locked in a virtual tie.
The 2016 presidential race turns to New Hampshire for a primary ballot vote next Tuesday. Early polls have shown billionaire Donald Trump and Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders with firm leads in their respective races, but the results from Iowa could change that trend in the next seven days.
Boston.com spoke to New England College political science professor Wayne Lesperance to get a read on the potential troubles ahead for Trump, the cash flow of the many Republican establishment candidates, and the route to victory for Hillary Clinton.
Things are going to be a little bit awkward tomorrow at Donald Trump's rally in Milford, New Hampshire, says Lesperance. Not only did the Republican billionaire lose the Iowa caucus to Ted Cruz, he narrowly finished ahead of Marco Rubio, who now can firmly grasp the mantle of the establishment candidate.
"He will go to New Hampshire claiming to be the establishment's choice and urging supporters of John Kasich, Chris Christie, Jeb Bush to rally behind him," Lesperance said of Rubio.
For Cruz, the actual winner among Iowa Republicans, it's less about his result in New Hampshire, where there is less support for his socially conservative appeal.
"Obviously he wants to do as well as he can here," Lesperance said, noting that Cruz has set his sights on South Carolina, where Republicans will vote February 20.
Lesperance said Cruz also stands to benefit from Trump defectors going forward in the "outsider lane."
The second-place finish will be a test of the billionaire real estate mogul's character as a candidate going forward, Lesperance said.
"We haven't seen Trump in a position of having lost something and having to battle through that," he said.
Whereas Trump's lead in Iowa, though consistent, was in the single digits before the votes were actually counted, his lead among New Hampshire Republicans has averaged about 20 percentage points in recent polls.
His second place finish in Iowa, however, could change how supporters view him, perhaps affecting that lead, Lesperance said.
"One of the dangers of making your entire campaign your brand, if your brand is about strength and about being a winner is that when your brand falters, your campaign falters," he added.
As of Monday morning, the Iowa Democratic Party chairman had not declared a winner in the tight race between Clinton and Sanders. Sanders is still favored to win New Hampshire, but primaries are fluid and media narratives create momentum.
"The math doesn't matter, the number of delegates doesn't matter," Lesperance said. "What matters is what does that headline say in the morning going forward into New Hampshire."
According to Lesperance, the Clinton campaign can write off New Hampshire to the Vermont senator and work to consolidate leads in later states.
"They basically have the excuse, the explanation written in: 'Sanders is from the neighboring state, everybody knows him in New Hampshire, no big deal, by the way, Hillary won in 2008,'" he said.
Not only does Clinton have a strong polling lead in Nevada, South Carolina, and beyond, but her campaign also still has nearly $38 million left to spend, according to the most recent Federal Election Commission filing. Plus, her super PAC has another $35.8 million on hand.
That said, Sanders' small donor base could be more sustainable; more than half of Clinton supporters maxed out their legal contribution amount.
Still, a win in Iowa and a loss in New Hampshire would be "a wash" for Clinton.
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In Iowa, neither Jeb Bush, John Kasich, or Chris Christie received more than 5 percent of the vote Monday night. Not that it was a surprise. Kasich didn't travel to Iowa for caucus night, and Bush and Christie were on flights back to New Hampshire from Iowa before caucusing even began Monday.
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"Bush can run as long as he wants to stay in," he said. "That's not true of the others … There's no path forward. They really have no operation in South Carolina. They're betting the farm on New Hampshire."


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Touch to Heal Spa - Touch To Heal Spa
One or Two 60-Minute Aromatherapy Massages at Touch to Heal Spa (Up to 55% Off)
The Fine Print
- Expires 120 days after purchase.
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Discharge inks are water based, but they are also severly damaging to regular plastisol emulsions and regular water resistant emulsions. Some companies have developed special emulsions that are hardened to deal with the durability issues associated with printing discharge inks. This charge is for exposing and coating a screen, basic 16" X 19" outside dimension, wooden frame, with discharge ink compatible emulsion and exposing a 10" X 12" design for t-shirt printing. Screen printing discharge inks requires special handling and learning about the expectations and limitations of discharge inks is important to successfully using this process for t-shirt printing. We will be expanding our information available for discharge printing as there have been some big developments in discharge inks and I now feel comfortable with promoting discharge printing for the retail market.
Click on the t-shirt brand logos shown above for more information on the different types of t-shirts we carry.
T-shirt Printing for the rest of us.
- FAQ on getting a printing quote and job done.
Wholesale T shirts
American Apparel T-shirts
T-shirt Printing
Hanes Beefy-T
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Raglan 3/4 Sleeve
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Childrens Tee shirts
Contact, Ordering and Payment Information
Credit card payments will show as BlankTshirt.com
Online Internet Orders: 702-469-4782
for T-shirt Printing Orders: 702-469-4782
For custom t-shirt printing quotes and wholesale t-shirts or screenprinting solutions email us at:
for a custom t-shirt printing jobs: 702-469-4782
For the uninitiated, "Y-Que" translates from Spanish as "so what". Pronounced "eKay".
God bless technology.
(c) Copyright 2017, All Rights Reserved.


text:
103.1 WRNR Presents
Rams Head On Stage
33 West St.
Annapolis, MD, 21401
Doors 7:00 PM / Show 8:00 PM
This event is 21 and over
There is nothing like the sound of siblings singing together. Whether it's the Beach Boys, the Everly Brothers or First Aid Kit, absorbing the same breathing rhythms and speech patterns adds an element to vocal harmonies that can be pure magic. With the August 26 release of 'I'm Alone, No You're Not', the mesmerizing, hypnotic sound of the trio known as Joseph – sisters Allison, Meegan, and Natalie Closner – joins this elite company.
'I'm Alone, No You're Not' was produced by Mike Mogis (Bright Eyes, Jenny Lewis), and features eleven original songs exploding with a mystical exuberance and heart-on-sleeve emotion. In advance of the album's release, Joseph have already been named a 2016 Spotify Spotlight artist, toured with James Bay, and confirmed festival performances this summer at Sasquatch, Bonnaroo, Glastonbury, Pickathon and more. They'll also join Michael Kiwanuka for a European run, and reconnect with James Bay this fall for his next US tour, including dates at Radio City Music Hall, The Ryman Auditorium and more.
Choosing their name in deference to their grandfather Jo, and the tiny Oregon town of Joseph where he lived, Natalie Closner and her younger twin sisters Meegan and Allison, grew up in a musical household, but didn't sing together until just a few years ago. Joseph officially formed when Natalie, an aspiring performer looking for a creative jolt, asked her sisters to form a band together. They quickly discovered their gift for songwriting and vocal alchemy.
'I'm Alone, No You're Not' is a masterclass in pristine 3-part harmony, traversing melodies and rhythms that are indelible and ambitious. Lead single "White Flag" is a cathartic rallying cry, with the sisters' voices starting as a hum, then verging on a scream by the chorus. The anthemic album opener, "Canyon," channels Fleetwood Mac at their soaring finest. Elsewhere golden, shimmering pop songs are tucked next to the most delicate ballads: love lost and found, amplified by three unwavering voices.
Upcoming Events
Rams Head On Stage
Fri, April 21
Richard Thompson Solo Acoustic
Sat, April 22
Brandy Clark & Charlie Worsham **All Ages Matinee**
Sat, April 22
Richard Thompson Solo Acoustic
Mon, April 24
Dave Davies of THE KINKS
Tue, April 25
The Jayhawks


text:
Free FoxNow channel on Roku
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text:
Dr. James Peterson MD Patient Reviews
- Internal Medicine Adams, MA
Overall Rating
2 Patient Reviews
- Wait Time 21.7 minutes
- Easy Appointments
- Promptness
- Friendly Staff
- Fair and Accurate Diagnosis
- Bedside Manner
- Spends Time With Patients
- Appropriate Followup
Showing 1 - 2 reviews
1.0 of 5
January 25th, 2012
If you don't have a headache, he will give you one.
I chose this guy as my P.C.P. after witnessing his kindness toward a patient at a nursing home where I worked. After a few visits with him, I realized that kindness is only one small facet to being a good doctor.He has a strong god complex in my opinion, and when he learned the intensity of my osteo from other doctors who sent him their notes, he wanted me to be tested for Lyme Disease. He wouldn't listen to me when I told him that back in the 70's there was no Lyme Disease when I first was diagnosed with arthritis. I pacified him and got the bloodwork done which came back negative.Afterward, he told his secretary too book an MRI for an old head injury that he was very concerned with. She all but laughed at me when I asked her if she had booked it yet. After waiting 3 months for this "concerned" appointment that never was made for an MRI, I fired him and found a new P.C.P. and she's within 5 minutes from my home too!
5.0 of 5
January 8th, 2010
Adams Internists
Dr. Peterson is a good listener, and very friendly and professional. Did I forget very helpful!! Nurses & office stall are the very best. Big city services with a country attitude !!
Nearby Doctors
Dr. James Peterson, MD is similar to these 3 Doctors near Adams, MA.
Adams, MA
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text:
DNA methylation reader MECP2: cell type- and differentiation stage-specific protein distribution
- Congdi Song1,
- Yana Feodorova1,
- Jacky Guy2,
- Leo Peichl3,
- Katharina Laurence Jost4,
- Hiroshi Kimura5,
- Maria Cristina Cardoso4,
- Adrian Bird2,
- Heinrich Leonhardt1,
- Boris Joffe^1 and
- Irina Solovei1Email author
© Song et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
Received: 22 June 2014
Accepted: 23 July 2014
Published: 3 August 2014
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) is a protein that specifically binds methylated DNA, thus regulating transcription and chromatin organization. Mutations in the gene have been identified as the principal cause of Rett syndrome, a severe neurological disorder. Although the role of MECP2 has been extensively studied in nervous tissues, still very little is known about its function and cell type specific distribution in other tissues.
Using immunostaining on tissue cryosections, we characterized the distribution of MECP2 in 60 cell types of 16 mouse neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. We show that MECP2 is expressed at a very high level in all retinal neurons except rod photoreceptors. The onset of its expression during retina development coincides with massive synapse formation. In contrast to astroglia, retinal microglial cells lack MECP2, similar to microglia in the brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord. MECP2 is also present in almost all non-neural cell types, with the exception of intestinal epithelial cells, erythropoietic cells, and hair matrix keratinocytes. Our study demonstrates the role of MECP2 as a marker of the differentiated state in all studied cells other than oocytes and spermatogenic cells. MECP2-deficient male (Mecp2-/y) mice show no apparent defects in the morphology and development of the retina. The nuclear architecture of retinal neurons is also unaffected as the degree of chromocenter fusion and the distribution of major histone modifications do not differ between Mecp2-/y and Mecp2 wt mice. Surprisingly, the absence of MECP2 is not compensated by other methyl-CpG binding proteins. On the contrary, their mRNA levels were downregulated in Mecp2-/y mice.
MECP2 is almost universally expressed in all studied cell types with few exceptions, including microglia. MECP2 deficiency does not change the nuclear architecture and epigenetic landscape of retinal cells despite the missing compensatory expression of other methyl-CpG binding proteins. Furthermore, retinal development and morphology are also preserved in Mecp2-null mice. Our study reveals the significance of MECP2 function in cell differentiation and sets the basis for future investigations in this direction.
KeywordsMECP2 MBD Histone modifications Nuclear architecture Mouse retina Retina development Mouse tissues
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) was discovered as a protein that selectively binds methylated DNA[1]. Mutations of the MECP2 gene were later identified as the principal causative factor for Rett syndrome, a severe progressive neurological disorder affecting almost exclusively females[2]. Mild loss of function mutations, duplications, and expression level alterations has also been found in patients with a plethora of neurological and mental phenotypes[3–6]. In mice, deletion of the Mecp2 gene causes symptoms similar to those of Rett syndrome even when the deletion is restricted to the brain[7–10], while expression of Mecp2 rescues the Rett phenotype. More effective rescue was achieved through embryonic, compared to early postnatal expression[11–13], whereas targeted expression in postmitotic neurons resulted in asymptomatic mice[12, 14]. Mecp2 mutant mice exhibit abnormalities in the number of synapses[15], the morphology of neuronal processes[16, 17], neuronal maturation[16], and the neurophysiological activity of these cells[18, 19]. These effects are associated with particular neuron types. For instance, brain stem GABA-ergic neurons are affected, but glycinergic ones are not[20]. Glutamatergic neurons of the brain and their synapses are also affected through the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)[21] which is regulated by MECP2 in a neuronal activity-dependent manner[17, 22, 23].
The results listed above conform to the conclusion that MECP2 deficiency leads to subtle changes in the expression levels of genes causing diverse and widespread phenotypic changes[24]. There is growing evidence that both Mecp2- null astrocytes[25] and microglia[26] affect the dendritic morphology of neurons. Lack of MECP2 causes global histone H3 hyperacetylation in neurons[10, 27], which can have different effects on transcription depending on which lysine residues are acetylated. It remains, however, unknown if global histone H3 acetylation levels increase exclusively in neurons or also take place in glia[10, 21, 27]. Factual data about the phenotypic changes in various tissues of Mecp2- null mice are currently insufficient and partially controversial.
In addition to its role in transcriptional regulation, MECP2 appears to be important for maintenance of the general chromatin organization. Mecp2-null brain shows a ca. 1.6-fold upregulation in spurious transcription of repetitive DNA, in particular L1 retrotransposons and pericentromeric satellites[27], which have been implicated in maintenance of the nuclear architecture and its formation during cell differentiation[28–30]. In all mouse cells, subcentromeric repetitive blocks, composed of major satellite repeat, form spherical bodies, so called chromocenters that are predominantly located at the nuclear periphery and adjacent to the nucleolus. Remarkably, mouse chromocenters are extremely enriched in MECP2[1] and the same applies to clusters of human alphoid satellites, also often called chromocenters. There is growing evidence that DNA methylation and MECP2 binding to methylated DNA are pivotal for chromocenter formation and, therefore, the establishment of normal nuclear architecture[31–35]. MECP2 indeed seems to be required for chromocenter fusion during differentiation[8, 32, 36], although other methyl binding (MBD) proteins can compensate for its absence[31, 33, 35].
In order to provide better understanding of MECP2 function, we characterized the distribution of the protein in more than 60 cell types of 16 mouse neuronal and non-neuronal tissues by immunostaining. We show that MECP2 is expressed at a very high level in all retinal neurons except rod photoreceptors. The onset of its expression during retina development coincides with massive formation of the neural synapses. We also describe the distribution of MECP2 in other tissues at various stages of development and relate its increased expression to the terminal differentiation of cells. Mice lacking MECP2 show no apparent defects in the morphology and development of the retina, as well as in the nuclear architecture of retinal neurons. Finally, we show that the absence of MECP2 is not compensated by upregulation of other MBD proteins but rather causes their downregulation.
Results and discussion
We studied mouse tissues because the nuclei of all mouse cells have prominent chromocenters which are convenient for the microscopic approach. The main DNA sequence of chromocenters, major satellite repeat, is present on all autosomes, comprises ca. 10% of whole mouse DNA, contains ca. 50% of the CpG dinucleotides of the whole mouse genome[37], and was shown to bind MECP2[1]. Therefore, chromocenters can serve as a sensitive indicator of MECP2 expression after immunostaining. To avoid interpretations which might depend only on chromocenters, in all relevant cases, we also studied rat tissues. In contrast to mouse, rat chromosomes do not have large blocks of pericentromeric repeats and therefore do not form noticeable chromocenters in interphase nuclei.
List of antibodies for cell type identification in retina and brain and for recognition of retinal structures
Antibody abbreviation
Antigen transmitter/protein
Recognized cells/structures
Source, catalogue number
Choline acetyl transferase
Cholinergic amacrine cells
Millipore, AB144P
Calcium-binding protein 28 kD
Horizontal cells
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Sigma, G 3893
Gamma aminobutyric acid
Amacrine, horizontal cells
Sigma, A 2052
GABA-A α1
GABA receptor subunit α1
Bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cell processes in IPL
Millipore, #06-868
GABA receptor subunit ρ1
Synapses in IPL
R. Enz, MPI for Brain Research, Frankfurt
GABA transporter
Presynaptic terminals
Abcam, ab426
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GABA-synthesizing enzyme)
Amacrine, horizontal cells
Chemicon, MAB351R
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GABA-synthesizing enzyme)
Amacrine, horizontal cells
Abcam, ab26116
Glutamine synthetase
Müller cells (astroglia)
BD Biosciences, #610517
Glutamate-gated ion channel (glutamate receptor 3)
Synapses in IPL and OPL
Santa Cruz, sc-7612
Glycine transporter 1
Amacrine cells
Chemicon, AB1770
Iba 1
Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1
Wako, #019-19741
Microtubule-associated protein 2
Sigma, M1406
NMDA receptor 1 splice variant C2
IPL and OPL synapses
Chemicon, AB5050P
Protein kinase C
Rod bipolar cells
Sigma, P 4334
PKA II β
Human protein kinase A, regulatory subunit II beta
Cone bipolar cells
BD Biosciences, #54720
Postsynaptic density protein 95
Photoreceptors (rods and cones) synapse marker
Dianova, MA1-046
Membrane of synaptic vesicles
General synapse marker
DSHB, SV2-a1
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Dopaminergic amacrine cells
Immunostar, #22941
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1
IPL and OPL synapses
Millipore, MAB5502
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
Amacrine cells
Millipore, AB5421
Znp-1 (Syt2)
Synaptotagmin II
Cone bipolar cells
Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, Znp-1
List of antibodies for cell type identification in tissues other than the retina
Cell type
Source, catalogue number
Smooth muscles
Abcam, ab46794
Paneth cells
Dako, A 0099
Enteroendocrine cells
Santa Cruz, sc-26630
Goblet cells
Santa Cruz, sc-15334
Satellite cells
Pax 7
MECP2 in retinal cell types
In contrast to other retinal cells, rod photoreceptor nuclei of nocturnal mammals possess a dramatically different pattern of chromatin distribution[30]. In these cells, a centrally positioned chromocenter is surrounded by a shell of LINE-rich heterochromatin, whereas euchromatin occupies the nuclear periphery. This nuclear organization is inverted in comparison to all other eukaryotic cells possessing conventional nuclear architecture with heterochromatin abutting the nuclear periphery and euchromatin located in the nuclear interior[28, 30]. We have shown that the inverted nuclear architecture in rods has evolved as an adaptation to nocturnal vision: the heterochromatic cores of rod nuclei function as microlenses and reduce light scatter in ONL[30]. Unexpectedly, the nucleoplasm of the inverted rod nuclei is not stained by anti-MECP2 antibodies, and the central chromocenter is only weakly positive (Figure 1A).
In comparison to the multiple chromocenters characteristic of other mouse cell types, the single central chromocenter in mouse rods has a superior chromatin density, which is necessary for rod nuclei to function as microlenses[30]. This high chromatin compaction is obvious from recent electron microscopic studies (e.g., Figure two in[38] and Figure three panel a in[40]) and from the dramatic difference in immunostaining properties between rod chromocenters and chromocenters of other retinal neurons. As described in detail in the recent immunohistochemical studies[38–40], the chromocenter in rods requires much longer antigen retrieval in comparison to the neighboring cones and INL cells. Therefore, to rule out that weak MECP2 staining is caused by inaccessibility of chromocenter chromatin to the antibodies, we made use of transgenic mouse retinas in which rod cells ectopically express lamin B receptor (LBR). Rods expressing transgenic LBR acquire conventional nuclear architecture with euchromatin located to the nuclear interior and heterochromatin, including multiple chromocenters, located at the nuclear periphery. Chromocenters of these transgenic rods have apparently lower chromatin compaction and restore immunostaining ability typical for other retinal cells[41]. However, despite their reduced size and density, chromocenters in LBR-expressing rods remain as weakly MECP2-positive as the chromocenters of wild-type rods (Figure 1B).
The above observations are consistent with results of MECP2 staining in photoreceptors of R7E mice[42]. These transgenic mice specifically express CAG trinucleotide repeat encoding a polyglutamine stretch and represent a mouse model to study spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7). In R7E mice, mature rods with inverted nuclei begin to de-differentiate in ca. 1-month-old animals, their nuclei partially restore a conventional nuclear architecture, and photoreceptors lose their rod identity[42]. MECP2 expression in R7E rods gradually increases in parallel to the de-differentiation, and at the age of 20 weeks, the MECP2 level in chromocenters reaches the level observed in the other neurons of the retina (Figure 1C).Furthermore, we also tested for the presence of MECP2 in rods of two other mammalian species: (i) rat, a nocturnal mammal without chromocenters; and (ii) macaque, a diurnal primate with conventional nuclear architecture in rods. In both species, MECP2 was undetectable in rods, in a prominent difference to neuroretinal cells and cone photoreceptors where it produced a clear signal (Figure 1D). Taken together, the above data imply that weak expression of MECP2 is an intrinsic feature of rod photoreceptors.
The low level of MECP2 in rods can be tentatively connected to the relatively high level of linker histone H1c in rod cells described recently for mouse rod photoreceptors[43]. It has been shown that in the MECP2-rich neurons of the brain, approximately half of the linker histone H1 tends to be replaced by MECP2, and that in Mecp2-null mice, the H1 level in these neurons doubles[27]. Remarkably, triple KO mice deficient in linker H1c/H1e/H10 histone variants show significant increase of the rod nuclear diameter which was accompanied by decrease of the nuclear volume occupied by heterochromatin. These changes in the nuclear architecture were noticed only in rod nuclei[40]. The other way around, in de-differentiated rods of R7E mice, which demonstrate significantly reduced level of H1c[44, 45], the expression of MECP2 increases (Figure 1C).
Microglial cells have no detectable MECP2
Retinas of Mecp2-null mice show no apparent defects
List of antibodies for histone modification detection
Source (catalogue number)
Upstate (#06-599)
Upstate (#06-866)
Nuclear architecture of neuronal nuclei in Mecp2-null mice is generally preserved
Since MECP2 is a methylation reader and apparently involved in heterochromatin formation[27, 36], we checked whether its absence causes changes in the epigenetic landscape of rod and other retinal nuclei. We found that MECP2 deficiency did not have any microscopically visible effect on the presence and distribution of major histone modifications (Table 3). In Mecp2-/y mice, euchromatin marked by acetylated H3, H4, H3K9ac,me1, and H4K20ac,me1 was present in the nuclear interior of GCL and INL cells and in the outermost peripheral shell of rod nuclei, just as it was observed in WT mice (Figure 3B, Additional file4). The presence of histone modifications H3K9me2,3 and H4K20me2,3, characteristic of heterochromatin, was restricted to the nuclear periphery and chromocenters of neuroretina cells and was also not different from the wild-type (Additional file4; see also[38]).
Conversely, we checked whether erasing of the major heterochromatin hallmarks, H3K9me2,3 and H4K20me3, would prevent MECP2 binding. For this purpose, we studied retinas from mice lacking H4K20me3 due to deletion of Suv4-20 h2 and mice lacking both H4K20me3 and H3K9me3 due to deletion of Suv4-20 and Suv3-9 h1,2 methyltransferases. In mice of both genotypes, rod nuclei had the same morphology as the rod nuclei in the wild-type littermate controls[38]. We found that the pattern of MECP2 staining was not different between the retinal cells in the wild-type and knockout mice, suggesting that MECP2 binding to chromatin was not affected. Indeed, MECP2 was strongly expressed in neuroretina and cones, where it localizes mostly in chromocenters, and was almost undetectable in rods (Additional file5). Recently, it was shown that deletion of Suv4-20 h2 influences chromatin organization in cultured cells, in particular, it increases the number of chromocenters in cultured fibroblasts derived from a Suv3-9/Suv4-20 h double knockout mouse[48]. In contrast, double knockout of Suv3-9 and Suv4-20 affects neither rod nuclear morphology[38] nor MECP2 binding patterns (this study), suggesting that cells in a tissue context might have more redundancy in epigenetic mechanisms than cultured cells.
Although even a complete loss of MECP2 does not prevent chromocenter formation in mouse cells[8], observations on astroglial cells and neurons differentiated from embryonic stem cells in vitro showed that the number of chromocenters was significantly higher in MECP2-null cells compared to wild-type cells[36]. The other way around, ectopic expression of MECP2 induces clustering and fusion of chromocenters, a process which takes place during myotube differentiation[31]. These findings prompted us to assess rod chromocenter numbers in adult mice of both genotypes. Chromocenter fusion in nuclei of mouse rods is a slow process. A significant proportion of rods at ca. 1 month still have two or more chromocenters; their fusion in all rods is completed only at 2–2.5 months of age ([30, 41]; c.f. Figure 3C2,C3). We scored cells with one and two chromocenters in rod nuclei of Mecp2-/y mice and their wild-type littermates at P30 and P53 (see the 'Methods' section for detailed description). The number of rods with two or more chromocenters in Mecp2-/y mice of these ages was 15.5% at P30 and 1.2% at P53, which was not different from the wild-type (Figure 3C1).
In full agreement with our observations on rod cells, data obtained from cortical neurons in tissue sections and primary neuronal cultures indicate that chromocenter number is comparable between neurons from Mecp2-/y and Mecp2+/y mice[35]. Apparently, the difference in results obtained on cells in native tissues of Mecp2-/y and Mecp2+/y mice and on cultured cells derived from these mice[36] is analogous to the observations on Suv3-9/Suv4-20 h double knockout cells and might be tentatively explained by compensatory mechanisms operating in vivo but not in vitro.
Almost all cell types in adult mammalian tissues express MECP2
Involvement of MECP2 in chromatin regulation and maintenance of global nuclear architecture is well documented[27, 52, 53]. In particular, it is known that MECP2 plays a role in the regulation of transcription, being mostly a transcriptional repressor[54–56] and also an activator[54]. In the light of these findings, the fact that some cell types across different species are lacking MECP2 is intriguing and requires further analysis.
Expression of MECP2 increases during tissue development and terminal cell differentiation
The expression of MECP2 in the retina starts at different times depending on the cell type. Remarkably, the onset of expression coincides with massive formation of synapses and, as a consequence, the formation of the IPL and OPL[57–59] (Figure 6A,B). In particular, MECP2 appears in the ganglion and amacrine cells at E17, when a clear gap appears between the GCL and INL + ONL anlage, marking the emerging IPL. Similarly, the MECP2 expression in the bipolar cells starts at P6 together with the formation of the gap between the INL and ONL, which develops into the OPL later. In rods, weak MECP2 expression starts after 2 weeks of postnatal development and remains weak thereafter (Figure 6A,C). Noteworthy, the onset of MECP2 expression roughly correlates with cell birthdays (the day of the last cell division;[60]) of the retinal neuronal cell types (RSpearman = 0.62) and persists afterwards.
Absence of MECP2 is not compensated by altered expression of other MBD proteins in cultured cells and native tissues
Based on the above discussion, the following conclusions were made:
All retinal neurons, except rods, express MECP2 at a high level and the onset of its expression coincides with neuron differentiation, in particular, with massive formation of neural synapses in the inner and outer plexiform layers.
Low expression of MECP2 in rod photoreceptors was found in both the inverted rod nuclei of nocturnal mammals and the conventional rod nuclei of diurnal mammals. We relate this fact to an unusually high level of histone H1c in these cells in comparison to other retinal neurons[43].
MECP2 is not detectable by immunostaining in the retinal microglial cells, nor in the microglia of the cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. In contrast to microglia, the astroglial cells in all neuronal tissues express MECP2 at a level comparable to that in neurons.
The retina of Mecp2-null mice shows no apparent defects in the timing and morphology of the nuclear and plexiform layer formation. No noticeable difference in the distribution of certain neuron types, synapses, and neurotransmitters was found between Mecp2-null and wild-type retinas.
The nuclear architecture of the neuroretinal cells and rod photoreceptors is generally preserved in Mecp2-null mice; in particular, there are no obvious changes in the distribution of pericentromeric heterochromatin and major epigenetic markers characteristic for eu- and heterochromatin.
MECP2 is expressed in the majority of studied 64 non-neuronal cell types; cells which do not express MECP2 are epithelial cells of the intestine, cells of the erythropoietic lineage, hair matrix keratinocytes, and mature gonads; epidermis keratinocytes express MECP2 at a very low level.
Similarly to neurons, the expression of MECP2 in non-neuronal cells is initiated at the late differentiation stages; in this respect, gonads show a reverse pattern with no expression in differentiated oocytes and spermatozoids.
An absence of MECP2 is not compensated by increased expression of other methyl binding proteins; in contrast, expression of some of them was downregulated.
Animals and primary cell cultures
All procedures were approved by the Animal Ethic Committee of Munich University and Edinburgh University. CD1, C57Bl/6, and Mecp2-null mice were killed by cervical dislocation according to the standard protocol. Mecp2 - /y mice (described in[9]; Jackson Laboratory stock number: 003890) were generated along with wild-type littermates by crossing Mecp2 +/- females with wild-type male mice. The generation of mice ectopically expressing LBR in rod cells under the control of the Nrl promoter is described in[41]. Retinas of R7E mice[42] were studied at the age of 70 weeks. Retinas from mice with combined deletions of Suv3-9 and Suv4-20 were a kind gift from G. Schotta (University of Munich). Wild-type littermate controls for all genetically modified mice were studied in parallel. Tail fibroblast cell lines from Mecp2-/y and Mecp2 lox/y mice are described in[9].
Tissues, fixation, and cryosections
The retinas of the ICR/CD1 mice were studied on each day between E12 and P28. The retinas of Mecp2 - /y mice and their WT littermates were studied at the ages of P1, P7, P14, P30, and P53. Retina fixation, embedding in freezing medium, and preparation of cryosections were performed as described previously[38, 39]. Briefly, the eyes were enucleated immediately after death; the retinas were dissected and fixed with 4% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for various times (15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 24 h). After washing in PBS, the samples were infiltrated in 10%, 20%, and 30% sucrose in PBS before freezing in Jung freezing medium. Importantly, the retina samples at different ages, from WT and transgenic mice, and of various fixation times, were arranged in respective order in the same block to assure identification of all retina samples in a section[39]. Retinas from monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and rat (Rattus norvegicus) were post mortem experimental materials from the MPI for Brain Research (Frankfurt, Germany). Other tissue samples from adult C57Bl/6 mice and rats were fixed with 4% formaldehyde in PBS for 24 h. For some tissues, the samples from different developmental stages – P0, P2, P5, P9, P14, and P28 – were used.
Immunostaining on cryosections
Immunostaining was performed according to the protocol described in detail by[38, 39]. This protocol allows quick testing of a wide range of fixation and antigen retrieval times and detection of the range in which the results of staining are robust. Antigen retrieval was crucial for robust MECP2 staining and was performed by heating cryosections in 10 mM sodium citrate buffer at 80°C. MECP2 detection after 12–24 h of tissue fixation was most successful after 20–30 min of antigen retrieval. For MECP2 immunostaining, mostly rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used. Specificity of the antibody was checked using fibroblasts derived from Mecp2 - /y and Mecp2 lox/y mice (Additional file1). In some cases, rat monoclonal antibodies were used as well[65]. The antibodies for cell type identification and for recognition of retinal structures are listed in Tables 1 and3. Antibodies for the detection of histone modifications are listed in Table 2. Secondary antibodies were anti-mouse IgG conjugated to Alexa555 (A31570, Invitrogen, Renfrew, UK) or Alexa488 (A21202, Invitrogen), and anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to DyLight549 (711-505-152, Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) or DyLight488 (711-485-152, Jackson ImmunoResearch). The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI added to the secondary antibody solution. After staining, the sections were mounted under a coverslip with Vectashield (Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA).
Light microscopy
Single optical sections or stacks of optical sections were collected using a Leica TCS SP5 confocal microscope (Milton Keynes, UK) equipped with Plan Apo 63×/1.4 NA oil immersion objective and lasers with excitation lines 405, 488, and 561 nm. Dedicated plug-ins in the ImageJ program were used to compensate for axial chromatic shift between fluorochromes in confocal stacks, to create RGB stacks/images, and to arrange optical sections into galleries[66, 67].
Chromocenter scoring
Chromocenters in the rod cells were scored at two age points, P30 and P53. For each age, three mice were used, two Mecp2-/y and one Mecp2 +/y littermate. From each animal 25-μm-thick cryosections were prepared from the three retina areas: central, mid, and peripheral. To distinguish between individual nuclei in tightly packed rod perikarya, the nuclear envelope of rod cells was stained with anti-lamin B1 antibodies (sc-6217). Between 600 and 800 rod cell nuclei were scored in stacks collected from each retina area. Descriptive statistics was performed using SigmaStat software.
RNA isolation and RT-qPCR
List of primers used for real-time PCR
Mbd5 isoform 1**
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Ganglion cell layer
Inner nuclear layer
Methyl binding domain
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2
Outer nuclear layer
Outer plexiform layer
Plexiform layer
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SO1054/2 to IS, JO903/2 to BJ, SFB 1064/A17 to HL, and CA198/7 to MCC), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the MEXT of Japan (25116005 to HK), and grants from the Rett Syndrome Research Trust and the Wellcome Trust (to AB and JG). The funding bodies had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


text:
Originally Posted by Cool Papa B.
The Packers minus Rodgers is overrated.
Revis is fantastic wish the Giants had him.. him and prince wow.
Originally Posted by ny06
We do, some just not that good.
I know
Mood: WOOF!
Guys...I think they are passing the ball to Crabtree.
This game is over. The Green Bay defense is just so bad.
Originally Posted by TheEnigma
Guys...I think they are passing the ball to Crabtree.
They should be passing the ball to Tucker.
I hope you've watched Hey Arnold before lol.
Crabtree, for all his issues is a sick WR.
Kapernick is making Crabtree look like. Real NFL WR.
Originally Posted by Buddy333
This game is over. The Green Bay defense is just so bad.
Makes you just weep inside doesn't it?
Originally Posted by Redeyejedi
Bowman is fantastic wish the giants had him
Redeye I know your a big proponent for how much more vaulable pass rushers are then Olineman and how they can't effect the game every play.....Well I hope you're watching Joe Staley single handily take Clay Mathews out of the game
Forum Rules


text:
Natalie-Fr... Model
Ashley HanelModel Female New York, New York, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/ashleyhaenel
Mayhem # 2421137
About MeHalf Russian, half French.
CFO of digital media company by day, DJ by night
I am currently looking for a manager
Looking to do modeling/acting.
I prefer if we are going to shoot that you provide a MUA.
I do have my own transportation. My schedule is flexible, however very busy, so it would be nice to contact me at least a week in advance before you'd like to shoot with me.
An alternative way to contact me would be through E-Mail; email@example.com
See more of me on Instagram - @shliizk
& if you want to support me please like my page on facebook, just search Ashley Haenel. Thank you, ciao!
***** I do NOT shoot nude or topless.
Have you worked with Ashley Hanel? Add Credits for Ashley Haenel! >>
Natalie-Fr... Model
ACNM Casting Casting Director
Beau Degas Photographer
Petrusenko Photographer
Lex Levic Casting Director
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text: about to give away an old dpm combat smock, lined NSN 8105-99-132-1823. It wasn't issued to me, though i was pre cs95 when i joined. It was given to me by an old sweat of a tankie, who was my neighbour. I used it for range weekends, etc. It kind of pains me to give it away, but i promised my wife's cousin i'd give him some of my old kit next time we visited, and seeing as mtp is coming... Anyway, before it goes, i wondered if anyone knows when they were issued? It has a metal zip, buttoned collar for a hood, a crotch strap-buttoned, and an olive green lining. Non-bellows pockets. Any ideas?


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Accor Says 2013 Profit to Be at Top of Forecast on Cost SavingsDalia Fahmy
Accor SA, Europe's largest hotel operator, said 2013 profit was at the top of its forecast after cost savings boosted fourth-quarter results.
Earnings before interest and taxes will be 530 million euros ($720 million), compared with a previous estimate of 510 million euros to 530 million euros, the Paris-based owner of the Sofitel and Ibis brands said in a statement today.
"In 2013, Accor delivered a solid improvement in its business," Chief Executive Officer Sebastien Bazin said in the statement.
Accor in November scrapped a plan to sell properties and expand through leases, replacing it with a reorganization that will focus the business on operating and owning hotels. The strategic change was Accor's first since Bazin took office in August after the company fired his predecessor.
Revenue in the fourth quarter fell 3.1 percent from a year earlier to 1.40 billion euros after the company sold hotels, according to the statement. That's in line with the median estimate in a Bloomberg survey of 10 analysts.
Accor said it opened 22,637 rooms in 2013.


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Did Rick Santorum Call Obama A Ni--a? Santorum Speech Slips Up Possible Racial Slur [VIDEO]Internet communities across the web are alleging Republican presidential candidate Rick Santorum slipped up in a speech criticizing President Barack Obama's foreign policy, resulting in what appears to be a racial slur.
Ian Murphy as 'David Koch' Talk with Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker (FULL TEXT)The following is a transcript of a nearly 20 minute conversation on February 22, 2011 between Ian Murphy, a columnist for the website known as The Buffalo Beast, and Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker. Murphy was posing as conservative activist David Koch.
Paul Ryan Delivers Republican Rebuttal to State of the Union (FULL TEXT)Senator Paul Ryan delivered the official Republican response to President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech on Thursday. The following is the full text.
Pressures on Fuel Ethanol Production CapacityCapacity to produce fuel ethanol from corn nearly tripled between January 2006 and January 2009. However, over the past 18 months, a combination of surplus production capacity, the decline of gasoline prices from their mid-2008 peak level, and high corn prices that boosted producers' input costs have resulted in a sharp decline in ethanol margins. The combination of economic pressures on capacity led some producers to idle plants, and in some cases, file for bankruptcy.
Cogdell Spencer, Inc. (CSA) Subsidiary Signs Two Large ContractsCogdell Spencer ERDMAN, wholly owned subsidiary of Cogdell Spencer, Inc., signed two contracts totaling $88.8 million to construct two Healthcare facilities in Wisconsin. The deal helps solidify the company's leading role in the Healthcare Real Estate Industry. The first contract is for $53.9 million and is to construct the St. Mary's Janesville Hospital, a 160,000 [...]
GM to Cease Production at 4 Factories, Mulls Hummer SaleGeneral Motors Corp. said Tuesday it would close four North American plants, amid a steep drop in U.S. sales of pickup trucks and sport-utility vehicles as fuel prices continue to soar, increasing investment in smaller cars and passenger vehicles.
GM Shrinks Large Truck, SUV Segments, Will Cut 3,500 JobsGeneral Motors Corp., citing rising gas prices and a slowing economy, said on Monday it will cut back its production of large trucks and sport-utility vehicles at several plants, resulting in about 3,500 hourly employee job cuts.


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The continuously-evolving technology, modification and creation of standards, and increasing requirements of customers are pushing the test and measurement equipment industry to move at a faster pace. All players in this domain, whether big or small, are striving to manufacture and supply devices that fulfil these criteria. Traditional stand-alone test equipment are usually heavy, need to be connected to the line, and often do not work well in rugged outdoors, hard-to-reach or moving environments. This has led to one notable trend in this segment—increasing demand for handheld devices, observes Naresh Narasimhan of Tektronix India.
The myth about handhelds
People often perceive handhelds to be inferior to benchtops in terms of functionality, performance, precision and accuracy. But, if you look at today's test and measurement industry, many models available in the market offer very good performance as compared to benchtop instruments. "Now, a handheld instrument is featured with full specifications that are able to meet specific end-user application requirements," says Madhukar Tripathi of Anritsu India. "They offer better cost-performance to buyers," he adds.
When and why to use handhelds
There are three main scenarios where test and measurement is done on the field. The first is during installation, where technicians or engineers use the device to verify whether the system is up-and-running with the right frequency, voltage or such similar parameters. The second situation is during periodic, condition based or corrective maintenance of the system. This is where you need to assess the performance, recalibrate the system, identify and rectify the fault, and prevent possible issues that may come up. Third, it is used for system monitoring. An example is the monitoring of spectrum to check whether a band is available or not.
Handheld devices are mostly used in field applications because such cases require portability. The device should have battery-operation capability and the battery should provide enough backup. "High-accuracy and repeatability are desired, but not mandatory for field devices," says Asish Jain of Keysight India, "because most field applications are a go/no-go test where the user wants to know whether the system is functioning or not."
Where the industry is heading
Listed below are some general trends we find in the handheld test and measurement industry.
Improved measurement range. Electronics test and measurement instrument manufacturers have been trying to extend the range of measurement in a way that it can be used for more applications. But, with increased range of measurement, there comes an increased complexity of design. This should not compromise other features. Every component has to become smaller and more components have to be integrated without increasing the probability of leakages. Rohde and Schwarz (R&S) FSH handheld spectrum analyser series now offers a frequency range up to 20GHz, and Keysight FieldFox series RF and microwave analysers have models that cover a frequency range of about 26.5GHz, thereby covering most aerospace and defence applications.
Smaller size. Technologies like quad flat no-leads (QFN) packaging have helped reduce the size of individual components and, hence, the device as a whole. In this technology, integrated circuits (ICs) are mounted on PCB surfaces without leads or through-holes. Another method of size-reduction used in the radio frequency range is by using monolithic microwave ICs (MMICs) instead of discrete components for functions such as power amplification, microwave mixing, and low-noise and high-frequency switching. This not only reduces the size but also lowers the power consumption, thereby improving battery life. The new RSA306 spectrum analyser by Tektronix is as small as 3.05×19.05×12.7cm and weighs just about 0.59kg.
Integration of devices. Integrating multiple instruments into a single system is a major trend we now see across different verticals of the industry. Handhelds usually have several devices integrated into a single system with small form factor, and the cost is also much lower compared to benchtops. A single handheld instrument occupies very little space compared to benchtops. MW82119B PIM Master by Anritsu combines PIM and line-sweep testing capability in a single portable instrument.
When taking instruments to the field, we need other accessories like calibration kits. Some of these accessories are now integrated inside the system. QuickCal is a patented technology by Keysight that provides in-built calibration to a device. This reduces the number of accessories to be carried to the field. Another feature introduced by this firm is CalReady, where the unit is factory-calibrated and calibration-ready at test ports.
Application-specific devices and GUI. More integration would, in normal cases, affect the ease-of-use as the system becomes more complex with each instrument added to it. But the complexity also depends on what all instruments are being integrating into one. Maintaining the simple user interface (UI), while incorporating more devices, is one key challenge that test and measurement device manufacturers face with integration. Making any device application-specific solves this. This means that the latest handhelds can be configured with multiple capabilities, like spectrum analysis, network analysis, and cable and antenna testing, in a single unit. These have operating modes that are flexible enough to meet the needs of novice and expert users.
For example, if the user wants to work on any of the mentioned solutions, he can set up the instrument in a mode that matches the requirements of that particular application. New features necessary for each application are unlocked with a software licence key and do not need hardware upgrade. So, there is a hierarchy of applications and then a hierarchy of individual settings for each of these applications.
Precision and accuracy. Even though field applications need not necessarily have the best precision, accuracy and repeatability, handheld devices are no longer relaxed on these fronts. Srinivasa Rao Appalla of R&S comments, "Handheld models released these days that are suitable for outdoor use do not compromise much on performance against their benchtop counterparts." With the FSH spectrum analyser from R&S, base-station carrier frequency measurements can be made with the accuracy of an atomic clock.
Ruggedness. Since instruments used in the field may have to withstand rough environmental conditions like rain, dust and heat, and have more chances of falling down, these should be good enough to operate in rough conditions without affecting their performance. Instruments like FieldFox do not have large cooling fans or vents; these dissipate heat through the body. This avoids percolation of dust and humidity inside the device when operating in a rugged environment, thereby avoiding damage to the instrument.
Remote control. Many manufacturers now let users control the entire instrument through a remote device like a desktop, laptop, tablet or smartphone using a software or an app. This enhances portability and lets users take measurements in harsh conditions without actually being present there.
Warming up faster. Every device has a warm-up time—time between turning on the device to get it up-and-running. Technologies like InstaAlign speed up this warming process. This means that the user can get the best accuracy even when the device has just started operating.
Why benchtop
Handhelds can never replace benchtop equipment, and vice versa. The kind of scenarios and tests the technicians or engineers do in the field will be different from those performed in a research and development lab. Benchtops are often used during the design phase for testing and debugging. It provides engineers with a deeper, involved, precise and repeatable analysis. Meanwhile, handheld instruments have a basic capability, and perhaps a few advanced capabilities that are required by or could be an added advantage for people in the field.
The author is a dancer, karaoke aficionado, and a technical correspondent at EFY. Find her on Twitter @AnuBomb.


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Zoe Dawn/Event history
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National AMD and Low Vision Awareness Month
February is National AMD and Low Vision Awareness Month
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss for individuals age 50 and older. Macular degeneration is a progressive, usually painless disease that affects the macula, the spot on the retina at the back of the eye responsible for central vision, causing central vision to blur, but leaving peripheral vision intact. In its earliest stages, AMD can be difficult to diagnose. In some cases, AMD progresses so slowly that many do not notice a change in their vision. In other cases, the deterioration is very rapid and can appear to happen overnight.
There are two forms of AMD: wet and dry. It is possible to experience both forms at the same time, in one or both eyes.
There are several risks factors for AMD in two categories:
Risk Factors You Cannot Control:
- Age: AMD signs are present in about 14 percent of people under 64, 20 percent from 65 to 75 and up to 37 percent of people over 75.
- Gender: AMD is more common in women than men.
- Race: AMD is more common in Caucasians than other races. This may be partially due to light eye color.
- Severe Farsightedness: Extreme farsightedness (hyperopia) is not common and is related to a severe distortion of the shape of the eye.
- AMD in one eye: If you already have AMD in one eye, you have a high chance of developing it in the other eye.
- Genetics: Learn about your family health history. If others in your family have AMD, you'll have a greater risk of developing it.
Risk Factors You Can Contol:
- Smoking: Tobacco appears to interfere with the absorption of lutein, an important antioxidant that protects the retina from damaging UV light. It also results in constricted blood vessels which decreases the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to the eye.
- High Blood Pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the many blood vessels in the eye.
- Exposure to Sunlight: Ultraviolet light can damage your retina and increase your chances of developing AMD. It can also speed up its development. So it is very important to protect your eyes when outdoors. Wear a hat and invest in good, high quality sunglasses that screen for 100 percent of both UVA and UVB rays.
- Diet and Exercise: A balanced diet including green leafy vegetables are especially important. A healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise in conjunction with a healthy diet will contribute to good eye health.
See your eye care professional for an evaluation if you experience these symptoms of AMD
- Straight lines appear wavy
- Difficulty seeing at a distance
- Decreased ability to distinguish colors
- Inability to see details, such as faces or words in a book
- Dark or empty spots block the center of your vision
For more information visit The Learning Center at Prevent Blindness America
What is Low Vision?
From the National Institutes of Health Senior Health Pages, we get a clear definition. People with low vision find everyday tasks difficult to do - even with the aid of regular glasses, contact lenses, medicine or surgery. Reading the mail, shopping, cooking, seeing the TV and writing can seem challenging. Their eye care physician has advised them that there isn't much that can be done to improve their vision.
There are several things a person with low vision can do to help with activities of daily living. Print this tip sheet from Prevent Blindness America for ideas on how to manage with low vision. And more tips from SmartSight of The American Academy of Ophthalmology.