text:
- Home
- Resources
- Learning Lab
- Core Learning Poems
- Race by Elizabeth Alexander
Writing Ideas
- Alexander's poem tells a family story at once real and imagined while creating historical and political context for the events it narrates. Try writing a poem that similarly operates on multiple levels: as a (true) family story and a larger commentary on the society and times in which the story is set. You might also interview your parents or grandparents to get a sense of their past and the eras they lived through.
- The line endings in this poem do particular work, as Stephen Burt notes in his guide. Circle the last words in each line and use them as the first words in the lines of your own poem. Title your poem, like Alexander's, "Race."
- Try writing a poem modeled on Alexander's structure: in the first stanza relate a story that "many others have told, and not told." In the second, reflect on what "the poet" does in telling such a tale. And use the third to develop the larger questions writing the previous two stanzas have led you to.
Discussion Questions
- What does Alexander's poem suggest about the connections between poems, stories, and race? How is race a story that gets told in the poem? Who are the various characters that tell it? How does suggesting race as a story that poems can tell influence what this poem looks or sounds like on the page? Think about conversational language, line breaks, and diction.
- Chart Alexander's use of racially inflected language; think about allusions and theoretical language for talking about race, as well as descriptive words. What work do such words do in the poem? How do they accrue meaning or develop as the poem continues?
- In his guide to "Race," Burt notes that the three stanzas contain different kinds of language to make different points, or test different ideas about poetry, stories, and race. What differences do you see between the stanzas? How do shifts in tone or diction affect your understanding of both the story Alexander is telling and its broader implications?
Teaching Tips
- Alexander's poem is self-consciously a "story about race." Ask students to paraphrase or summarize the poem's "story" in a few sentences; then ask them to summarize or paraphrase the poem's style in a few more. If Alexander is telling a story about race, is she also telling a story about poems? (Having students read Burt's guide might be helpful.) Ask students to research other poems that tell stories "about race." Try to get them to think historically: you might use Alexander's poem to do a mini-unit on poetry "about race," starting with 19th century poets such as Phillis Wheatley or George Moses Horton and delving into the Harlem Renaissance and Black Arts Movement. Students could research individual poets or the reception of individual poems or books of poetry. After developing a sense of how poems about race have circulated and been received in American poetry, have students look at contemporary poets and poems: Nikki Finney's "The Afterbirth, 1931" or Harmony Holiday's "Do any black children grow up casual?" might be good places to start. What themes or concerns do your students see persisting in poems "about race"? What formal changes occur? Do the poems all tell similar stories? What can they read about America's own struggles with the story of race in the poems they've collected? After discussion, you might have students compose a class cento from the poems: each student should select a line from their poem and then "build" a poem by putting all the lines together.
- Elizabeth Alexander is perhaps most famous for reading her poem, "Praise Song for the Day" at President Barack Obama's first inauguration. Have your students research and think about the civic uses of poetry in the United States. Why use poems to commemorate or memorialize special events? What has been poetry's role in constructing American identity? How has poetry participated in American politics? Groups might research poets and poems of other presidential inaugurations (including Robert Frost's famous performance at John F. Kennedy's), or think about public and occasional poems such as Emma Lazarus's "The New Colossus." Have students compile a timeline and/or map of all the different locations and dates in which poetry has been used for civic purposes in the United States. What do such uses tell us about the role of poetry in America?
Related Poem Content Details
Elizabeth Alexander: "Race"
Poem Guide
With its careful humor and gentle ironies, Elizabeth Alexander's "Race" ends up as a poem about race and family, a poem about how poems tell stories and a poem about how race can guide the stories poems tell. Alexander has written a poem in three parts, with at least three intertwined topics: the first part stands—or could have stood—independently; the second complements and partially reverses the first; and the third completes, and corrects, the first two. As she concludes this particular "story about race," Alexander opens up larger questions about how we have learned to read any poem: about how we make, and whether we can avoid making, assumptions about race and voice, race and speakers and characters, whenever we read any poem.
Alexander begins unassumingly, with an anecdote whose emotional weight only later becomes clear. Great-uncle Paul, "who left Tuskegee," decided to pass for white and "became fundamentally white"—if not in his sense of himself then at least in how white Americans, and perhaps black strangers, treated him. That decision controlled how he treated his brothers and sisters, and it controlled how they chose to treat him: the final words of Alexander's first sentences—in order, "black," "white?" "black," "black!," "confusion," "tale," and "brother"—highlight his choice. Alexander begins the poem with both a place of origin and an allusion: Tuskegee is famous for the Tuskegee Institute, founded by Booker T. Washington in 1881. Washington wanted black Americans to prove themselves by excelling at mechanical, agricultural, and other practical occupations, striving to avoid direct conflict over civil rights. The institute embodied Washington's vision: a black man leaving Tuskegee, Alabama, in order to "become a forester" in 1930, perhaps with a forestry degree, would be enacting that vision in one sense.
In another sense, of course, Paul was turning his back on Washington's (and almost every other) vision of racial uplift: in Oregon, the "pale-skinned," "straight-haired," "blue-eyed" Paul passed for white, as untold numbers of black Americans have done since the 1600s. Daniel J. Sharfstein's popular history The Invisible Line: Three American Families and the Secret Journey from Black to White is one of the latest of many books to examine the phenomenon of "passing." The three families in Sharfstein's study "provided occasions for articulating what it meant to be black and what it meant to be white." Whatever it means, it is not just about skin color or verifiable medical fact, as Paul's siblings prove, since they have the same complexion and similar genes, but moved to New York and stayed black.
Race, Sharfstein continues, "is not just a set of rules. It is also a set of stories that people have told themselves and one another over and over." The complex ironies inherent in such stories play off against the apparent artlessness, even the naïveté, of the implied speaker in the first part of the poem, where Alexander adopts simplicity as a technique. She uses long lines, most of them broken at a natural pause, as if she were simply transcribing conversation; she repeats words, as in natural speech ("siblings . . . siblings"; "confused . . . confusion"), rather than using variation through synonyms; her syntax and punctuation suggest the mild shock and amusement, the softened and habituated rue, of long-familiar history. Alexander thus becomes a diffident, transparent conduit for just one of the many similar stories known to some readers: "Many others have told, and not told, this tale." The irregular five-beat line becomes a sort of home chord, repeated throughout.
But Alexander doesn't want just to tell a "tale" already familiar to her readers; she is trying to understand the ramifications of the story itself to discover what sort of poem it deserves. Of what might Paul's life in particular, or racial passing in general, furnish a good example? Do black poets have a responsibility to tell certain stories about black people ("heroic" ones, for example), and if they do, can Alexander fulfill it when she writes about Paul? A life of racial passing might be celebrated as an example of heroic philosophical inquiry, a demonstration that even such a overwhelmingly present, historically potent thing as race is without metaphysical foundation: the racial migrant, the once-black man living as white, might be a trickster, a double agent, a quester, having seen (like the apostle Paul) a new light, a new life. Or such a life might be an example of selfishness: the black-to-white migrant turns his back on his family, his natal home, and his obligations to them and to any larger black community in order to do better for himself.
No matter what she makes of racial passing, Alexander joins a literary tradition by addressing it at all. Clare Kendry, the black-to-white migrant in Nella Larsen's Passing (1929), can be understood through either rubric—one reason this novel, nearly forgotten for decades, has now acquired such a rich critical afterlife. The letter writer in Langston Hughes's short story "Passing" (1930) can be understood only as selfish: "That's the kind of thing that makes passing hard," he tells his mother, "having to deny your own family when you see them." He continues, "Since I've made up my mind to live in the white world, and have found my place in it (a good place), why think about race any more? I'm glad I don't have to." But of course he does think about it: "if any of my kids are born dark," he continues, "I'll swear they aren't mine. I won't get caught in the mire of color again. Not me. I'm free, Ma, free!"
Most of us wouldn't want to imagine our own family capable of such sentiments, and so Alexander uses her powers of invention to construct a "heroic" story instead. Though living as white in a white state, with an "ivory spouse," Paul's attention to detail, his meticulously and mysteriously coded forestry manuals, are a kind of sub rosa rebellion. He practices a double-voiced writing with his black or blackened "graphite markings" and "silent spaces" equally telling a story about oppression, independence, and the arbitrariness of social categories for those (black) readers who are able to read them. African American thinkers have a strong tradition around such coded stories, of telling them and of trying to recover them, from W.E.B. DuBois's records of "double-consciousness" to Henry Louis Gates's model of literary "signifying," from oral performance to intensely writerly art. Alexander's great-uncle Paul also wrote books, "ledgers," records of trees. As Alexander links him to literary tradition, her poem becomes self-consciously literary too. Words such as "cool, sagey" and other adjectives come to the fore; nature becomes sublime (redwoods); and the verse paragraph ends by describing itself, as well as Paul's putative work, in slightly highfalutin ways: "graphite markings in a forester's code."
This second part of the poem—from "the poet" to "code"—amounts to a gloss on part one, a reinterpretation that the poet herself understands as fiction (she uses "invents," and then "imagines," three times in four lines) and cannot accept. There is no evidence that Paul saw his job as a coded rebellion against race, and plenty of evidence that Alexander prefers a black art that is identifiably black. In her collection of essays, The Black Interior (2004), she praises Robert Hayden, who "insisted that, when it came to his writing, he was a poet first and black, second," but implies that she feels closer to Gwendolyn Brooks, who altered her early, elaborate style in an attempt to get closer to black readers' needs. "It's presumptuous to think that all black artists . . . are part of the same large and bumptious family," Alexander says, "but I'm a weird sister ever-searching for her strange black artist brothers." Being a black artist is like being part of a family: not all black artists are her sisters and brothers, but all her full sisters and brothers (according to this line of thought) must be black.
Yet "Race" does not indict great-uncle Paul; Alexander refrains from using the rhetoric of black nationalism, or treason and loyalty; she doesn't even use the words "pass" or "passing." Alexander might not want to give Paul a label he did not choose, or perhaps the label does not quite fit, since he "never told anyone / he was white." Rather, he became "fundamentally white" because he was pale-skinned and blue-eyed, and because in Oregon in 1930 such people were simply assumed to be white. White was the default race, as well as—to many white people—the only desirable one (Oregon's constitution infamously banned "free Negroes" from settling in the state until 1926).
The first part of "Race" "tells a story," and the second provides one way to interpret it, however implausible. The third verse-paragraph gives us another view, one that is neither tragic nor comic, neither condemnatory nor "heroic"; its wry restraint is an achievement. Great-uncle Paul (like Clare Kendry in Larsen's Passing) did not want to introduce a white spouse to dark-skinned African Americans. "He asked his siblings not to bring their spouses," to choose him over their husbands and wives. The Harlem brothers and sisters refused, choosing spouse over sibling, the family they made over the family into which they were born. Great-uncle Paul had already made the same choice. The siblings seem admirable, while Paul may not, but the poet concludes with less judgmental terms: race is "strange," family even "stranger"—indeed, strange in many of the same ways.
Staying calm without sounding cold, rejecting stereotypes, acknowledging each side, Alexander shows how she can see both Paul and his siblings as part of her family. From the slightly high-flown, unsustainable language of the second part, Alexander returns to the calm demotic of the first: if "heroic" diction was the wrong way to make a story into a poem, this third part might demonstrate a right way, by drawing respectful conclusions in balanced apothegms (out of seven lines, three are one-line sentences) that do not say more than the story itself can show. And what that story shows is strange enough: consideration of race can cause members of the same family to treat one another almost as "strangers," and a story about race that can do justice to a family such as Alexander's, indeed to any family at all, turns out to be one that can present race as a story: that is, as a sequence of decisions and impressions, related by cause and effect, by economics and politics and geography, and by the inner lives of the characters in it. Race is neither biological fact nor dismissible fiction, but an unwieldy set of narratives that Americans live inside.
So the poem ends, with a story of how we read race. It also leaves us with unanswered questions—if not unfinished stories—about how we read poems. Oregonians assumed that Paul was white, and we are led to believe, so did his "ivory spouse." Readers of "Race" will likely assume, even if they know nothing else about her, that Elizabeth Alexander is black and identifies herself as black, and has family members who do so too. They will be right; they may have seen her on TV, since she wrote and recited, before a crowd of millions, a poem at President Obama's inauguration. Yet her poem "Race" offers a gentle caution about what we can assume when we read a poem. Do all poems "tell a story about race," or just this one? All the time, or (the first word of this poem) just "sometimes"? Do readers—black, white, both, neither—expect that all black poets, or all their poems, should bear marks or stories of race (as Paul tried not to do)? Do readers make the same demand of white—or apparently white—poets and their poems? Does Alexander's last line hint that any poem can be made—if only through "silent spaces" like those in Paul's ledgers—to speak about race? Can black writers evade that demand, and can white—or "white"—writers address it too?
Related Poem Content Details
Elizabeth Alexander was born in Harlem, New York, but grew up in Washington, DC, the daughter of former United States Secretary of the Army and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission chairman, Clifford Alexander Jr. She holds degrees from Yale, Boston University, and the University of Pennsylvania, where she earned her PhD. She is currently a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets and the inaugural Frederick Iseman Professor of Poetry at Yale University. She is the former Chair of the African American Studies Department at Yale University. Alexander is a highly respected scholar, teacher, and mentor, as well as a founding member of Cave Canem, an organization dedicated to promoting African American poets and poetry. Her accomplishments within academia are numerous and include a Quantrelle Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching from the University of Chicago and fellowships from the Radcliffe Institute at Harvard and the Alphonse Fletcher Foundation.
Alexander's career as...
Poems By Elizabeth Alexander
- Stravinsky in L.A.
- Apollo
- Cough Medicine
- Equinox
- Manhattan Elegy
- L.A. by Night
- At the Beach
- The Venus Hottentot
- Ladders
- The Dirt-Eaters
- Omni–Albert Murray
- Robeson at Rutgers
- Boston Year
- Preliminary Sketches: Philadelphia
- Race
- Crash
- "The female seer will burn upon this pyre"
- Narrative: Ali
- Praise Song for the Day
- Butter
- Minnesota Fats Describes His Youth
- Early Cinema
- Ars Poetica #100: I Believe
Poem CategorizationIf you disagree with this poem's categorization make a suggestion.
More Poems with Poem Guides
from A Passage to India
By Walt Whitman
Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot
By Alexander Pope
won't you celebrate with me
By Lucille Clifton
Four Poems for Robin
By Gary Snyder
By Wilfred Owen
- from A Passage to India
Other Information
Browse Poemsloading...
Browse through the full archive of Poetry magazine back to 1912.


text:
Good News from Indonesia. Nokia will announce (someday or maybe at MWC 2013) the 2 brand New Nokia Lumia 720 (RM-885) and Nokia Lumia 520 (RM-914).
Actually, this Nokia Lumia 720 and Nokia Lumia 520 are already passed the certification from Directorate Post & Telecommunication Indonesia as per February 06, 2013.
The Nokia Lumia 720 and Nokia Lumia 520 maybe coming with Windows Phone 8 and based on our reliable source, Nokia Lumia 720 & Lumia 520 will be available on Q2 2013 as successor of Nokia Lumia 710 and Nokia Lumia 510. No others specification and others information until now. We will keep you posted, later.
click image for larger size

subset: commoncrawl


text: The Manross Memorial Library will present an afternoon of Irish music with the Jolly Beggars on Saturday, March 22nd. at 1:00 PM , in the Manross Room. Irish-themed refreshments will be served courtesy of the Friends of the Bristol Public Library. There is no charge. Registration is required. To register, visit the Manross Library or call: (860) 584-7790.


text:
Laws, Regulations & Annotations
Property Taxes Law Guide – Revision 2010
Revenue and Taxation Code
General Provisions
Section 31
31. Tax suits in other states. The Attorney General or an appropriate official of any political subdivision of this State may bring suits in the courts of other states to collect taxes legally due this State or any political subdivision thereof. The officials of other states which extend a like comity to this State are empowered to sue for the collection of such taxes in the courts of this State. A certificate by the Secretary of State under the Great Seal of the State that such officers have authority to collect the tax is conclusive evidence of such authority. This section does not apply to Parts 8 and 9 of Division 2.
History.—Added by Stats. 1951, p. 1859, in effect September 22, 1951; Stats. 1951, p. 3303, also in effect September 22, 1951, added references to political subdivisions and last sentence. Stats. 1953, p. 1821, in effect September 9, 1953, substituted "Division 2" for "this code."
Note.—Inheritance tax and gift tax (Parts 8 and 9 of Division 2), see Sections 14350 and 16123.5, respectively.


text:
Perfect Form
Gingham City Pant
Out of Stock
- Perfect Form® stretch fabric stretches with you while retaining its shape.
- Sits below the waist; slim ankle.
- Belt loops. Hidden side zip with hook-and-eye closure. Welt pockets; rhodium-finish logo plaque on back pocket. Back hip darts.
- Unlined. Satin-bound waistband facing.
- Inseams: regular 27.5", short 25", long 29.5".


text:
Hunting Maps
Wildlife Management Area Maps
The following available maps include Georgia's Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) as well as Natural Areas and Heritage Preserves open for hunting. Refer to the state map below for the hunting area location by Game Management region.
Note: for information on potential road closures on Georgia WMAs - click here
Select a Region: Region1 | Region2 | Region3 | Region4 | Region5 | Region6 | Region7
Select a Region from state map below to find a WMA by region.
All available maps are in PDF format and require Adobe Reader.
WMA Maps & Info
Ranger Hotline
Report poaching and wildlife violations. You can receive a cash reward if your tip leads to an arrest—even if you wish to remain anonymous.


text:
Audi + Ducati News from 2012 Volkswagen Group General Meeting
by, 04-19-2012 at 11:32 AM (22766 Views)
Yesterday Audi chose to reveal its purchase of Italian motorcycle manufacturer Ducati at the 2012 Volkswagen Group Annual General meeting. We've gathered a collection of photos from the event that are posted here and the full set via a link at the bottom of this post. Below are several shots worth noting, along with highlights pertaining to Audi directly from the speech yesterday of Volkswagen Group President Prof. Dr. Martin Winterkorn.
ABOVE: Audi AG President Rupert Stadler with Ducati Panigale superbike.
Speech Excerpt Regarding Audi:
Audi is preparing to overtake on its way to the top of the premium segment. With more than 1.3 million deliveries, the brand has already overtaken its first core competitor. And, with an impressive operating margin of 12.1 percent, Audi is increasingly occupying pole position in terms of profitability, too.Speech Excerpt Regarding Audi A3:
New models such as the Q3 demonstrate the brands significant potential to conquer the market in promising new segments. What is more, our colleagues from Ingolstadt have again underscored their role as technology pioneers on a broad front from hybrid drives through lightweight construction to intelligent vehicle networking.
ABOVE: Audi display at 2012 Volkswagen Group Annual General Meeting including Audi A8 (foreground) with optional 21-inch updated "Tri-Five" wheel design and Audi A1 quattro (background).
Speech Excerpt Regarding Lamborghini:
Lamborghini has also upped the tempo appreciably. The brand delivered around 1,600 vehicles in 2011 an increase of 23 percent. Lamborghini benefited from the growing demand for exclusive super sports cars especially in China, the Middle East and the USA.
Speech Excerpt Regarding the Lamborghini Aventador:
The Aventador is Lamborghinis impressive new flagship. The lightweight carbon-fiber monocoque weighs a mere 147 kilograms. The Aventador is yet another example of our Groups expertise in lightweight construction.
Speech Excerpt Regarding Production Plans Including Audi Mexican Factory:
In China, we will be investing some 14 billion and opening new plants in Foshan, Yizheng and Ningbo, among other locations, in the period up to 2016. Furthermore, at its meeting yesterday, the Supervisory Board of Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft approved the construction of a new plant in Xinjiang province, Western China. We recently started producing the KODA Yeti in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, together with the GAZ Group. We are currently building a new engine plant in Mexico so that we can continue to increase local value added. Audi will also be establishing its own production facility in Mexico, where an SUV model is due to start rolling off the production line in 2016. We are also increasing the pace in the ASEAN region: We have already started producing the Volkswagen Passat in Malaysia, with the Polo and Jetta following soon. And the Transporter and Multivan are now being built in Indonesia.
At the same time, we are investing considerable sums in our plants and locations in Europe and here in Germany as well. For example, production of the Amarok will start in Hanover in June, where it will safeguard the future of that location. This all goes to show that our German production facilities are and will remain the backbone of Volkswagens success.
Wherever we are active, theres one thing our customers can be sure of: the tremendous diversity of our automotive world.
With todays ten strong brands from economy to luxury.
And more than 240 different vehicle models from the up! to 50-tonne heavy trucks.
And we are now adding another, high-growth element to this diversity.
Speech Excerpt Regarding Ducati:
Yesterday, the Supervisory Boards of Audi and Volkswagen approved the acquisition of Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. by AUDI AG. The integration of this tradition-steeped Italian sports motorcycle manufacturer is to be completed as quickly as possible once authorized by the competition authorities.
We firmly believe that Audi and Ducati are an excellent fit:
Both companies are sporty, global premium brands
Both companies rank among the most profitable manufacturers in their respective segments.
And both companies are technology leaders. Ducati has great, invaluable expertise in small, high-performance engines, desmodromic valve systems and lightweight construction.
With this step, Audi is reviving the proud motorcycle tradition of the DKW and NSU brands and at the same time developing a new, high-growth business area. We are convinced Ducati will substantially strengthen Audi and the entire Volkswagen Group. And we are delighted to be welcoming this proud Italian brand to our Group family soon.
See more photos from the 2012 Volkswagen Annual General Meeting in our photo gallery HERE.Speech Excerpt Regarding the Audi A3 & the Group's Modular Strategy:
Our modular strategy is the lever when it comes to costs. At Audi, all vehicles from the A4 to the A8 are already based on the modular longitudinal toolkit. We are now rolling out this systematic approach across the entire Group. The new Audi A3 is the first model based on the modular transverse toolkit (MQB).
The MQB is the technical backbone for all of the Groups future vehicles in the Polo, Golf and Passat segments. In the future, more than 40 models will be built using this common toolkit.
Of course, we first need to recoup our substantial development and startup costs. In the medium to long term, however, the modular transverse toolkit will deliver substantial savings in unit costs, one-time expenses and the production of our vehicles. For example, the production time per vehicle will be cut by around 30 percent. The transfer of the toolkit principle to production is the next logical step. Our factory of the future is highly flexible, and it can produce a wide range of models and brands on the same production line.
This opens up entirely new opportunities for us to ensure optimum capacity utilization at our plants across the entire Group. So, as you can see: The Volkswagen Group has laid the foundations for moving into a new dimension in terms of profitability in the long term, too.


text: My girlfriend has taken an interest into star wars!!! I'm super lucky haha. She helped me weather my biker scout helmet last night while we watched ROTJ. Anyway, she has shown interest in being Endor Leia, the version where she has the greenish poncho on. Where can I go for reference images and possibly suppliers for that? Thanks guys!


text: If Ice Skating Victoria's Youtube Channel gets 1000 subscribers, they can live stream Australian Nationals on youtube. Here's their channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/IceSkatingVictoria?sub_confirmation=1 Australian fans could really use the help of the skate fan community to get to that magic number of 1000 subscriptions. And with Australia having secured a spot for a man, a lady, and a dance team at the Olympics, you have to admit that it's really an up and coming program. Even if you aren't a fan of any of the Australian skaters, please subscribe? Any method that yields more skating coverage is a plus for the whole sport, IMO.


text:
|Topic Review (Newest First)
|Mary Beth
|Poor Luxie - wrists and hips problems for such a young dog. From the threads that I have read, the surgery for the hips can be very effective. Here is a recent thread on a gsd going thru the surgery http://www.germanshepherds.com/forum...needs-thr.html
Bilateral carpus injuries and hip dysplasia
Our sweet Luxie will be 3 on 02/23! 6 weeks ago we took her to MSU vet school for evaluation of her front wrists and her hips.
She has bilateral carpal injuries. The surgeon performed aspirate of joint fluid from both front carpi (wrist). The fluid from the right joint was normal but Dr. Fisher stated she is was more painful upon palpation in the right wrist. The left wrist joint fluid was indicative of osteoarthritis. Both of the carpal injuries are assumed to be from sprains that never completely healed; therefore, leading to arthritic changes in the joint. For this, we have cage confined her for almost 6 weeks now in hopes that the injuries will heal. We have ordered her the Carpo Flex X wraps from Therapaw to provide her support for both legs as we start to house confinement stage now.
Along with the wrist injuries, we got some other disappointing news. We have known she has bilateral hip dysplasia but we thought we caught it early (she was about 1 when we discovered this) and have been giving her Dasuquin daily since then. But Dr. Fisher, the surgeon, stated that her hip dysplasia in her right hip is already classified as severe and the left is mild. So a total hip replacement is in our future.
Dr. Fisher explained that the cage confinement, to promote the healing of her carpal injuries, is not good for her hips but that the main goal right now is to better the wrists and watch how the hips do. After 5 weeks of confinement, we noticed quickly that her hips were much weaker and losing muscle mass. She has having trouble going from a lying position to standing-- she has to move very slow to balance on her hips. She slips and falls now which has never happened before. So we have gone from cage confinement to house confinement now in hopes to not lose her hips.
We think that the total hip replacement will be much sooner than later. My husband and I are just looking for advice/information on anyone that has suffered similar injuries. Really would just love to discuss this with others!
Any info would be fabulous! Thanks so much. We love our Luxie more than words can explain and just want her to be happy and healthy!
|Posting Rules
You may post new threads
You may post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts
BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off


text:
UPDATE 6 -06.25.03 Cast, gel-coated and painted
--End update 6--
UPDATE 5 -06.18.03 I think it's done!
I think he's done it folks! Looks like a near-perfect interpretation of the Marmit pistol to me! Another amazing job by MLC!
--End update 5--
UPDATE 4 -06.17.03 Revised barrel tip
--End update 4--
UPDATE 3 -06.17.03 New barrel tip, butt lip and more bondo
--End update 3--
UPDATE 2 -06.16.03 Bondo Progress Pics!!!
--End update 2--
UPDATE 1 -06.14.03 Progress Pics!!! <font size="1">posted by MaxPlague
--End update 1--
Mardon's got himself a Marmit Fett...and's itching to make the sidearm blaster...in fiberglass!
I'm sure interested, anyone else?
Also, are there any other ref. pics that help w/ the detail on the blaster, or is the Marmit piece as accurate as it gets?
take care,


text:
713-942-3461 email@example.com
Despite the challenges of moving to a new country and learning a new language, University of St. Thomas international student Yari Yarzagaray has found help, encouragement and success at UST.
Yarzagaray will graduate in May 2011, and has been accepted to both Baylor College of Dentistry and the University of Texas Dental Branch in Houston. She will be attending UTDB in August.
"I want to be a maxillofacial surgeon," Yarzagaray said. "It is because of the University of St. Thomas that I will soon be a dental student in one of the most recognized dental schools in the country."
Yarzagaray came to Houston from Colombia to learn English at the ELS Language Center in 2006.
"I came to Houston with no knowledge of English," Yarzagaray said. "For a year, I took intensive conversational and grammar courses, I didn't talk to my family or friends, I only watched television in English. It was hard, but now it is so worth it."
The ELS Center, located across the street from the UST Office of Admissions, enjoys a strong relationship with the University, allowing international students an easy transition into American college life. Yarzagaray credits her exposure to the UST campus for her decision to remain in Houston.
"I went to a class on the UST campus, and there were only 20 people and the professor knew every person's name," Yarzagaray said. "I knew I wanted to go to a school where the professors knew me and wanted to help me succeed."
In the fall of 2007, Yarzagaray began pursuing a degree in biology with an emphasis in pre-dentistry. The UST Pre-Dental Program is a rigorous science and math-based program designed to prepare students for entry into dental school. It can be combined with any major. Over the past five years, approximately 81 percent of St. Thomas applicants were granted an interview and 56 percent were accepted into dental school. Other Pre-Professional Programs including Pre-Law, Pre-Medical, Pre-Optometry and Pre-Pharmacy are also available at UST.
"I wouldn't have been accepted to dental school if Dr. (Larry) Nordyke hadn't pushed me to apply," Yarzagaray said. "All of the professors here helped me and they gave me so many tools to use. I used tutors all the time."
While pursuing her studies, Yarzagaray got married and now has a 14-month-old daughter.
"I wouldn't be able to come to school if my daughter wasn't so well-behaved," Yarzagaray said. "The only way I can study is to sit her next to me and read my biology to her as if it was a night story. She just sits there and she loves the attention."
Dr. Larry Nordyke, professor of biology, applauds Yarzagaray's successes.
"Yari is an outstanding biology major," Nordyke said. "Her acceptance into dental school this year is even more meaningful because she has accomplished it while raising a family. We are very proud of her."
More information about admission for international students, the UST Biology Department and the UST Tutorial Services Center are available on the UST website.
To learn more about English language courses, visit the ELS Web site at www.els.edu.
Educating Leaders of Faith and Character
Copyright © 2017 University of St. Thomas. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy | Clery Act | Title IX | Consumer Information
Please select one of the options below: Apply Now, Schedule Visit, or Request Info.


text:
Discussion in 'The Trash Can' started by Vagabond, Feb 10, 2013.
Let the , the , and the continue!
What do people think is the probability of Wagner having a 3-3 and/or 2a3t for worlds?
*Having Todd Eldredge at 2002 Olympics flashback*
Almost none. When was the last time she successfully did any of these combos in competition? Almost a year?
I doubt she suddenly goes out and does them cleanly, but I hope she does.
And seeing her recent problems with axel, I'd say 3-3 is more likely than 2a-3t.
Same could have been said about Mao's triple triples and triple axel until 2 days ago.
Don't count her chickens so early. And never underestimate an Ashley Wagner with something to prove.
Love this thread title!
All the recent treatment towards Ashley is, IMO, unwarranted. Her mistakes were the same two mistakes at both competitions. If she doesn't get those ironed out by Worlds, it's almost more of an issue with Phillip Mills failing to properly adjust the program.
Ashley has shown a new fire and dedication to her training these past couple of years. Barring Heaven-forbid injury I think Ashley will have that 3-3 and 2A-3T ready by Worlds. I'm crossing fingers for her.
Rank Country Name Score Competition
Above is the season's best marks for likely worlds competitors. I left the other Americans on just so we can wail and gnash our teeth Kim's Senior B marks aren't on the list, so knock pretty much everyone down a place.
3 spots is only going to happen if Ash & Gracie skate beyonce at the super bowl level of lights out and others make mistakes.
ETA: it's important to note that a lot of these marks are very close, and rankings/placement can easily change as a result.
I preferred Whitney in '94 to Beyonce in '13 but I see your point!
Point of note - If you take Ashley's 66 pt. SP from the GPF and her LP score of 127 + pts. from SA, she is around 194 pts.
Gracie looks like a cheer leader the way she positions her arms when she lands jumps. most off putting.
Very low. But not impossible - crazier things have happened.
Lord knows she will need every single point out of those jumps if she hopes to be competitive here for a podium spot. And the better Wagner does, the more of a buffer Gold has to make a mistake or two and still be in the running.
I'm not sure how you can compare the situation. Asada has done the triple axel plenty of times under pressure as well as that 3/3. As such she can take it and leave it out...
Wagner has very little history of doing those elements and so its hard to imagine they are going to somehow come out perfectly at Worlds.
It may very well work for her. But a part of me thinks those elements are tricky and you may want to get use to having them in your program-before the big games....Even Asada who has a history of doing these elements, isn't debuting them for the first time this season at worlds.
This is the fourth 4CC where the top US finisher is not on the world team. Hacker in 2008, Zhang in 2009, Nagasu in 2011 and now Gao. I just found that interesting, not saying it means anything.
I think she competed 3-3 and 2A-3T at last year's 4CCs. I think they might have gotten < though.
Wagner seems to have enrolled in the Kwan School of "Only Compete the Triple-Triple When Absolutely Necessary (e.g. for Worlds)". I think she'll go for it at Worlds, whether she can get it done without the reps in competition (as Kwan was able to do) is another story.
Crossing my fingers too!
Michelle did her combo clean at multiple GP Finals, Grand Prix events, National Championship and World Championships. Has Ashley ever even done a clean one with +GOE? I don't think that is the same school. lol The more I think about it I think Ashley is going to have her worst skates at Worlds. Seeing Gracie at 4CC I don't think we will be getting 3 spots back anytime soon.
Well I think a triple toe/triple toe is a heck of a lot easier than lets say a triple flip/triple..Plus as mentioned Michelle may not have done it every time but she did it plenty of times. .However even in Kwan's case, she never got those in when she probably really needed it at the Olympics. I just think there's something to be said for going out there and putting the content out there at the minor competitions and getting use to them. I think it would have helped Kwan, and I think it would have helped Irina at the Olympics too.
This is where I think Yu-na Kim is unappreciated. She may never had a 3loop and she may never had a 3axel. But Kim always went for that 3lutz/3toe and double axel/3toe every competition (only one time when she didn't) There were plenty of competitions where Yu-na could have left them off -and still won. But she went for them and you know what by the time the Olympics went around going for these things were likely second nature to her.
Same goes for Tara. She went for that 3loop/3loop every time. And so by the time the Olympics was around she was use to it. Even Asada didn't expect to somehow magically hit the triple axel/2toe for the first time at the Olympics.
And if it doesn't go well for you than you can come up with a plan b.
Now sure maybe magic can happen and you can have that combination at the big games. But I highly question if you have the combination if your not doing it somewhat regularly and I think its asking an awfully lot to do them when the pressure is the greatest.
Post-Tara, how many times did MK pull out the 3-3 at Nationals and regular GP events? I think almost never...
MK didn't think she needed it (and she was right), so it wasn't part of her normal repertoire. However, she needed it at 2000 and 2001 Worlds to hold off Irina, so she pulled it out. I think she also pulled it out at a GPF or two. I'm not knocking it; it was an excellent strategy for MK.
I think Ashley is trying to go a similar route; but whether she can simply add it in as MK did remains to be seen. I don't think she is as strong a competitor, though she definitely is a go-getter. Well, I'm trying to be optimistic.
True, but on the other hand, not constantly training the 3-3 probably kept her body healthier longer and extended her career. Ironically, she didn't even need the 3-3 to win 2002 OGM, a clean six-triple performance would have held off Sarah (darn it!!).
Miner last year, if you want to make it five in a row.
But the difference is that Kwan still had quite a lot of experience with that element. And also Kwan needed that 3/3 at lets say the 2002 Olympics, and then doubled it...That triple toe/triple toe might have given her the placement she needed to win the Olympics. So no I don't think leaving it out and only doing it when absolutely necessary was necessarily a good strategy for Kwan.
Perhaps if Kwan had put herself in the place where she went for that 3/3 every single time, she would have done it at the Olympics..Because going for it would have been second nature..Its also a different system now and in someways 3/3s are more important too.
Oh, I wound up editing my earlier post to respond to some of your thoughts. I don't think she needed the 3-3 to hold off Sarah, as it turned out...though she didn't know it at the time because she had to skate before Irina.
I do think Kwan would have suffered a career-ending injury sooner had she gone for 3-3 all those years, so from a longevity point of view, it was not a bad strategy.
ETA: I agree with you that it's not necessarily a good strategy for Ashley (assuming it is her strategy, which *I* think it is, but it's just a theory)
Not good. I'd be shocked if she competes them. Perhaps a 2axel-3toe.
With the positive GOE she gets for the 3f-tano 2t, using the 3f3t in the SP would be incredibly gutsy. It's a 2.8 point increase in base value, but with a likely 2 point swing the other way - at least - in GOE. I'm thinking she'll lose the +1 she normally gets in addition to a deduction for not being able to do the 3-3 cleanly. It hardly seems worth it unless there's a decent chance she can nail the 3-3.
I wonder why Ashley doesn't try for the 3T-3T in the SP -- is that not more attainable for her than 3F-3T?
And she can't evaluate if its worth it because she's not going for it now.
I'm guessing because she doesn't want to repeat the 3toe in the LP, so that combo would be a bit of a dead end for her. She needs a 3-3 combo that starts with a flip or a loop, the two triples that she repeats in the lp. I'm assuming 3-3 combos that end with the loop are a no go, as getting credit for that is so rare.
But Ashley wouldn't have to repeat the triple toe if she goes for 2A-3T in the freeskate...she could still repeat the flip and loop.
Interesting thought, but I don't agree. I don't think Kwan did much less 3-3s in her life than Tara/Sarah/Irina/whoever simply because to put it in the program when it counts you need to get the combo ready, and to get it ready you have to train it all the time. And I don't think Kwan knew exactly when she would need it, so most likely she had this combo ready for every important competition, doesn't matter if she put it in the program or not.
As for Wagner, she will most likely need the 3-3 for Worlds especially in the short, but I don't think she'll go for it.
And what happened with Gold? Was it jet lag or she just reached her peak for Nationals or it was all because of the nerves? She looked scared and out of shape
Yet another thread gets derailed because one poster says something about Kwan and some of her fans can't let it go and jump in to defend her.
I understand that discussion is encouraged on a discussion board (duh ) but if every fan jumped to defend their favorite skater's defense every.single.time someone said something less than glowing about them, every thread would be derailed. Does Kwan really need to be defended EVERY time some fans hear something they don't like? It's getting old. And by the way, my favorite skater of all time is Michelle Kwan.
Back to the topic at hand. I expect to see Wagner attempt the 3toe-3toe at worlds, especially after this weekend's competition. I just hope that her lack of trying it in competition doesn't make her double foot it.
I'm not reading too much into the non-world team qualifier always beating the world team member. The world team member probably scales back after nationals to start peaking again for worlds, where the non-qualifier keeps training full speed ahead for their final event of the year and they also have something more to prove.
No derailing intended on my part...should have known better than to drop the K-bomb anyway... carry on


text:
|Topic Review (Newest First)
OK well to get it correct, finding true TDC first following the link cobalt provided is essential. The timing marks most likely only go up to about 18 Deg BTDC so unless you have a dial back timing light you should make a timing tape as well, follow the other link directions.
Since your engine is stock you can try about 12 deg BTDC initial timing, yes then add another 22 with mechanical advance for about 34 total all in by 3000 is a good place to start for a heavy truck. These two setting are made with the vacuum advance disconnected. Then add in another 14 with vacuum advance for a total of about 48.
First off after you are confident that the timing marks are OK check and see what you have now as far as total mechanical advance and total vacuum advance. Then you can determine if you need to tweak the distributor. It is best to find out these values first then you can go from there. Post some results after you check em out.
It is a good idea to pull the distributor and check it out for wear and clean it up. If you find it to be worn out then that skip white 6500 is an excellent value, I would not bother trying to rebuild the OEM when you can get an new one for less than 50 bucks, thats just me. Some more links:
Generally speaking with your stock 454 you should not need allot of modifications to your distributor, I am not sure that an adjustable can is really necessary in your case but it certainly won't hurt to have one in there and doing so will give you a chance to inspect the other working functions of the HEI as well as ensure your timing is setup accurately and to your liking Take some timing readings and post them if you are so inclined, good luck.
Its a stock 1974 454 with 1978 781 heads in a 1979 truck, probably about 8:1 comp, 4:10 gears, 4800# truck. Only thing not stock is the headers and exhaust (dual 2.5" magnaflows)
36 degrees total timing sound good? All in by what? 3000 rpm? Maybe I should just buy the advance kit, get the thing tuned and be done with it. This truck sure could use more MPG. As i'm sure you can imagine. Any little bit helps.
Thanks for that cobalt I have learned it all by simply doing it over the last couple years and reading posts from senior authorities like yourself, cheers!
454 there are no absolutes but there are common factors to consider. As cobalt mentioned this timing discussion is relatively simple in its subject matter but it is hard to describe via postings cause there are so many little differences in eveyones application.
There are 3 main aspects to timing an HEI distributor. Then there are other settings and tweaks that help fine tune it.
Since you are asking about the vacuum advance,,,,you must first dial in the other two main aspects that being initial or base timing and then mechanical advance and the rate that the mech adv comes in vs rpm (the curve). Only then can you really know what you need to do with the vacuum advance.
For starters post what the engine is made up of, is it stock? if not what are the modifications including the cam and compression ratio, stall convertor, gears, vehicle weight/type.
To answer your question if this is a stock HEI then it will usually provide too much vacuum advance but it all depends on where you have set the other two aspects of timing (base + mech)
a couple repeats on my part mark, was typing while you posted
What could keep you from using the stock vacuum advance can w/a [B] #99619-1limiter plate would be the point where the stock can advance starts and stops. Very briefly, this will depend on what the specs are on the stock can and what the engine requires.
Crane adjustable vacuum advance can and limiter plate kit- p/n 99600-1.
The exact vacuum an engine makes depends on several things and the cam is a major player when it comes to vacuum.
Great idea about finding true TDC to verify timing.
Just one thing I want to clear up. Are you guys saying that the stock vac advance will provide all the advance that I need, and that I should retain the stock vac advance and just limit it with the limiter plate (and recurving the distributor with the springs)?
I've posted the following about a hundred times, so once more can't hurt I suppose:
DETERMINING TDC will allow you to be sure the timing tab and damper are correctly indicating TDC.
MAKE A TIMING TAPE to see what the total timing is, w/o needing to use a dial back timing light. You can also buy a timing tape, get one that matches the diameter of your damper.
|Thanks for the schooling
When using a vac gage inside the truck you can find the sweet spots for engine load VS engine vacuum. You can use these values to adjust your vacuum advance can. If you have a vacuum pump this can be used on the bench or under the hood to tweak the range of the vacuum advance can when it is connected to the distributor pickup. You can also use these vacuum levels to help choose and setup carb power valves or vacuum secondaries or choose step-up spring ratings for those types of carbs.
Vacuum advance has two things going for it. One is at idle the other at cruise. I use the maximum vacuum advance all in at cruise but just barely. Once you get into light throttle tip in you want that vacuum advance to start dropping out pronto. The adjustable can can help you do that as long as you are within the adjustable range of the can (typically from 5 to 11 "hg). This is all considering we are timed for max power. The engine is most likely to ping at highway light throttle low load tip in especially if the tranny does not kick down with little throttle and the engine vacuum only drops a few "hg.
Just to add, in my example the adjustable vacuum advance canister does not limit the total amount of vacuum advance, you need the limiter plate for that.
There are claims that some cans can actually change the range of when the advance is added as well as limit the total amount added, my crane adj can does not limit the total amount added it only allows one to change the spring range.
All in all with timing it is more important to have you initial and mechanical advance set up correctly, you can then set your vacuum advance up but it is more important to limit the vacuum advance than it is to adjust the diaphragm spring range as with the adjustable type.
|ok. i was responding to the concept of driving around with vacuum guage attached. I'm ignorant to what that would indicate.
Didnt use the vac gauge to set the timing. I was just saying that the reading I got when I did use the vacuum gauge was steady at 15". It didnt drop, swing, vibrate, etc.
It would have had erratic readings if the timing was off i would think.
|i only use vacuum guage for carb tuning. A good timing light is a way better way to set your advance timing IMO
|i have no idea if i am getting too much or not. BTW 15" is at idle.
|actually what i said about adding lighter spring isn't right. that will only make it come in faster. I agree the limiter plate may be what you need if you are getting too much advance.
Well why buy the skip white dist anyhow if your engine runs good? Buy the vac advance kit and give it to a bud that needs it,,,it's XMAS after all
The best part of the kit may be the vac adv limiter plate if it has one, that is the best 4 bucks you could ever spend. It is more important than the adjustable can imo. typically the can adjustments can vary the actuation of the advance by only a few "hg of engine vac.
Your motor pulls 15 "hg vacuum is that at idle what about cruise?, most adjustable cans cannot be adjusted above about 12 "hg. At 15"wg the vacuum advance will be all in no matter how you adjust the set screw. But if your motor pulls say 11" hg at idle or 8-10"hg at cruse RPM lets say then you can make better use of the adjustable can cause you can still adjust it within those vacuum levels.
take it for a spin with the vacuum gage connected and record whats going on,,,it will help you spend your money or not
|I always lay down the money for an adjustble vacuum advance b/c most factory cans add up to 25 degrees extra timing, which is too much for me. However it is just one little detail that could probably wait, especially if you are happy with the way the car runs already. There are definitely things more fun to spend your money on, and there is no guarantee that you will notice much of a difference anyway. If you have a good digital timing light that shows rpm, or have a friend that has one you can borrow, and you find that you are close to about 35 degrees total timing, all in by about 2500 rpm; You can't really improve on that much. I usually like to set my initial timing 12-14 degrees btdc. You can pick up a spring set for a couple bucks and put one lighter spring on the mechanical advance. That might be enough to get you there too.
|This thread has more than 15 replies. Click here to review the whole thread.
|Posting Rules
You may post new threads
You may post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts
BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off


text:
Hi everyone,
I am going to be taking the CELTA at some point in early 2014 after I have graduated university and have raised enough money to take it. For me, teaching outside of Europe is not really an option at this stage of my life, and I would really love to work in Spain. I just wondered what advice anyone could give me on here for finding work in Spain. Would it be best for me to travel directly, to say Madrid ,and stay there for a few weeks to find work? Or should I try find jobs online?
Here is some information on myself:
- BA in Economics & Politics
- Currently studying an MA in Economics
- British Passport holder
- First language is English
- Intermediate level of Spanish
- Will be CELTA certified.
Any advice or tips anyone can give me would be hugely appreciated.


text:
To ensure that you have a useful orientation there are a few things that MUST be completed before attending. If these items are not complete, you will not be able to register for classes at orientation.
What must I complete BEFORE orientation?
1. Application for Admission
Online Application for Admission
2. Submit official High School Transcript and/or College Transcripts
Contact your high school counselor and/or the registrar at each college you have attended to request that an official transcript be sent to the Office of Admissions at SPC.
3. Submit proof of Bacterial Meningitis Vaccination
4. Complete TSI Testing Requirements
All students attending orientation must complete or be exempt from placement testing (TSI Assessment).
Placement scores or exemptions must be on file in the Admissions Office BEFORE you attend orientation. You will not be able to register for classes at orientation without completing this step.
SPC Testing Information
Levelland Campus Reese Campus
806-716-2530 806-716-4689
5. Register for New Student Orientation
Space is limited for each orientation, students are REQUIRED to register online prior to attending any SPC campus orientation.
What else should I complete BEFORE attending?
Financial Aid Application (FAFSA) and documentation
If a student meets certain criteria, financial aid can help pay for college. All financial aid paperwork must be complete by the priority deadline:
Fall: June 10
Spring: October 15
Summer: March 1
For more information, contact our Financial Aid Office at 806-894-9611 ext. 3800 or email@example.com
Housing Application
Students planning to attend the Levelland Campus should complete the Housing Application. There are certain exemptions for students to live off-campus.
Any student who anticipates a need for accommodations due to a disability should contact the Disability Services Office on either the Levelland campus at 806-716-2577 or the SPC Reese Center at 806-716-4675 at the time the decision is made to attend SPC.


text: Elive 2.6.12 beta released November 27, 2015 Categories: Beta The Elive Team is proud to announce the release of the beta version 2.6.12 This version includes bugfixes in the installer handling special cases and some improvements in the overall speed process. The desktop has now the clock by default included and there's some improved configurations by default too. We still working on the packaging ... Read More


text: Denver March 26th 7:30 PM TV - (Local) FSN Detroit, NBA TV The Nuggets come to town on the back end of a back to back. The up and down AI/Carmella experiment has not lived up to expectations, however, they can be a dangerous tandem. The Nuggets avg 105 PPG, but give up 103 PPG. The Pistons slow footed (at times) defense must be up to task in this one.


text:
Oregon Historical County Records Guide
Jefferson County Scenic Images
Viewpoint Bridge
buy high resolution copy | next image
The new bridge across Crooked River at Peter Skene Ogden State Scenic Viewpoint. (Photo No. jefDB1622)
About this image
Dimensions: 4916 x 3264 pixels (300 dpi version); Date created: July 2011; Camera: Nikon D7000 Digital SLR; Lens: Nikon AF-S DX Nikkor 18-200mm F/3.5-5.6G ED VR II; Photographer citation: Gary Halvorson, Oregon State Archives; Keywords/Tags: horizontal, Oregon, Jefferson County, Crooked River, U.S. Highway 97, new bridge, gorge, cliffs, rock formations, blue sky, Peter Skene Ogden State Scenic Viewpoint, overlook.
buy high resolution copy | next image
County guide home | Scenic images home


text:
I have yet to shoot a banded bird and I was wondering who has shot a banded bird in ariozona?
How many bands have you got from arizona?
What types of birds? What part of the season early, mid or late season?
And what areas? (dont have to give me specific locations just curious)
Thanks to everyone hunting in az!!!


text:
Hi everyone. I have two questions regarding my possible TEFL future. I hope someone can help.
1)After googling and lots of reading, I've decided to do a part-time CELTA course in London. Does anyone have a recommendation? (I'm thinking of applying to oxford house.)
2)I'm bilingual english/dutch. However, the only formal english qaulifications I have are my GCSEs from almost ten years ago. Obviously my english has improved a thousand fold since then. (I do have a BSc and a MA but from a non-english university.)
Will this be a problem when I start looking for a job? Will I be admitted to the course?
Wait, that's three questions. Anyway: thanx!


text:
Arsenal celebrate 100 years in Islington this season so, to mark the occasion, we asked young midfielder Kristoffer Olsson to tell us about where he calls home.
What's your home town, and where is it?
Norrkoping, in Sweden
What would you recommend to a tourist?
I'd recommend the Kolmarden zoo, the 'Fargargarden' and the 'Nyaparken'.
What do you miss about it the most?
I miss my friends and family.
Where would you go with your friends in your spare time?
To have some coffee, or go shopping in the city.
What is the local food like?
It's good! A bit like what you get in England, but with more meatballs!
Do any famous people come from your home town?
I can't really think of any.
What's the local football team, and is there a local 'derby'?
The local team is IFK Norrkoping, and their derby is against Atvidabergs FF. Both of them play in the top league, the 'Allsvenskan'.
What other sports are popular there?
Ice hockey and basketball.
Tell us one typical phrase that people say there?
"Softar du bre" (Take it easy)


text:
'Despite erroneous widespread reports, the NHL's other 29 teams are not now supporting the Sabres. Nor does the league have any intention of soliciting funds from its clubs to meet the Buffalo payroll and operating obligations. Indeed, a bankruptcy filing would protect the NHL from assuming a further (or at least, immediate) burden in Western New York as George Pataki considers prospective buyer Mark Hamister's appeal for public aid – and would permit a constructive reorganization so that the season's payrolls can be met regardless of the governor's response to the request.'
Sabres' story may add a sad chapter
January 12, 2003 Submitted by
Via: New York Post


text:
Continuing and Part-time Studies
KPL Lecture: Storywork and Indigenous Communities
with Dr. Kim Anderson, Department of Contemporary Studies, Laurier
Sep 18/13
Date: Sep 18/13
Time: 12:00 - 13:00
Location: Kitchener Public Library - Forest Heights Branch
Cost: no charge
Dr. Anderson will discuss Storywork and Indigenous Communities in relation to Richard Wagamese's book, Ragged Company, the 2013 One Book, One Community (OBOC) title.
This popular noon-hour lecture series, now in its 39th year, focuses on current affairs and topics from the world of political and social science, history and the arts. Speakers from the University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University give informal lectures at Kitchener Public Library's Forest Heights Branch.
Kitchener Public Library: Forest Heights Branch
251 Fischer-Hallman Road
Kitchener, ON N2M 4X8
519.743.0644 | Location
Contact: Jessica Horwood
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 519.884.0471 x6036
View all Continuing and Part-time Studies events |


text:
Karn Stiegelmeier: Weighing our future water needs
May 4, 2012
An osprey scans the river as the fisherman watches his line in a deep pool and a yellow clad kayaker floats by. The Blue River is commonly adored, but assumed to be just what nature offers. However, behind the flow of water is a complex history of Colorado water law, diversions, water attorneys, leagues of passionate recreationists, water providers and other water interests.
Skiers understand the value of early snowmaking at the resorts, but many assume that summer time means water just flows down the river. However, in summer, especially in a dry year, the complexities of water agreements and court decrees come into play.
This so far is a very dry year, and both climate change models and studies of ancient tree rings tell us that we could have many more dry years in the future – at the same time as the state demographer predicts a near doubling of the state's population by 2050. Colorado's Statewide Water Supply Investigation (SWSI) indicates a looming gap in municipal and industrial water supply for a growing population, chiefly on the Front Range, but also locally.
In 2005, the state Legislature established nine basin roundtables – one for each of the state's major river basins – and the InterBasin Compact Committee (a roundtable of roundtables) to address such challenges. The structure was established to tackle Colorado water shortages in a collaborative manner through dialogue on interests, conflicts and commonalities in order to reach consensus. Lane Wyatt, with the NWCCOG's Water Quality and Quantity Committee, and I represent Summit County interests on the Colorado Basin Roundtable (CBRT) along with a group of diverse Colorado Basin stakeholders.
The CBRT has participated in studies that identified gaps in the Colorado Basin's future agricultural water supply and municipal needs, as well as the potential demand from the energy industry and a study of water needs for the environment and recreation. In Summit County, the water flowing down the river is as important to our economy as the water taken out of the river for growing peaches or providing municipal water. Recreation in the Colorado High Country and downstream on the Colorado is an important economic factor not only for the West Slope, but for the entire state of Colorado.
The CBRT wrestles with these issues in an attempt to protect and improve Colorado River water resources, while other River Basin roundtables eye the Colorado Basin for additional transbasin diversions, despite the fact that eight diversions already transport water from the Colorado's headwaters to Front Range farms and communities. An IBCC Report to the governor last year clearly stated common views that the state water gaps will be solved through a four-pronged approach that includes 1) achieving success in conservation and reuse; 2) well-structured agricultural water transfers; 3) projects already on the drawing board; and 4) new water development. The state and the roundtables are attempting to reach consensus on what mix of strategies to draw on for a statewide water plan.
The CBRT consistently supports reuse and conservation first, retaining local control, and advocates that transbasin diversion be considered only as a last resort and only if there is cooperation and benefit to both sides of the Divide. Better land use decision-making could allow more efficient use of water and deserves more study and emphasis. A dire water supply gap will require serious consideration of landscaping, subdivision planning and building codes. Some loss of agricultural water is inevitable, so we want to see creative, local solutions for agricultural transfers that support Colorado's agriculture on both sides of the Continental Divide. Any new water diversions from the West Slope impact our local recreation economy and the statewide economy.
These are complicated issues with wide ranging implications. The CBRT encourages Basin residents to learn more about our limited water resources, and to make their voices heard in policy debates about water. For more information about the Roundtable and its work, go to: http://bit.ly/IvFh0E
For information and resources on statewide water issues, go to http://www.water2012.org .
Karn Stiegelmeier is a Summit County Commissioner and Colorado Basin Roundtable member.


text:
DURHAM, N.C. -- Top-seeded North Carolina (50-8) used a five-run ninth inning to force extra innings where the Tar Heels pushed across five more runs in the 14th to claim a 12-7 win over Clemson (39-19) Friday night in UNC's second game of the ACC Tournament.
Trailing 7-2 heading into their final at bat the Tar Heels had the top of the order facing reliever Matt Campbell and picked up a leadoff walk by Chaz Frank. Landon Lassiter followed with an infield single to put a pair of runners on base for Colin Moran.
Moran battled to a full count before lifting a fly ball to left field for the first out in the inning. Skye Bolt and Cody Stubbs followed with back-to-back singles through the right side as Carolina pulled within four at 7-3.
Clemson closer Scott Firth came on with the bases loaded to face Michael Russell and forced a fly ball to left field. Lassiter tagged from third and beat the throw to the plate as Brian Holberton stepped into the batter's box as the game-tying run with two outs.
Firth fell behind Holberton with three straight balls before Holberton got the green light and fouled off the 3-0 offering. Firth then left a fastball up and Holberton blasted a ball into the right field stands for his 10th home run of the year as he tied the contest at 7-7.
Carolina freshman right-hander Reilly Hovis entered with a man on in the bottom of the ninth and escaped danger as he surrendered two hits over five scoreless innings of work. Each team threatened over the next four frames but were unable to push across the go-ahead run until Carolina struck in the 14th.
Cody Stubbs lined his fourth hit of the day to open the 14th and made his way to third base on a sacrifice bunt and a passed ball. A walk would put runners on the corners before Mike Zolk hit a chopper to the first base side. Pitcher Scott Firth fielded the ground ball and fired home but Stubbs beat the tag and put UNC up one at 8-7.
Chaz Frank would blow the game open for the Tar Heels with a bases-loaded triple later in the inning as Carolina scored five runs in the frame to take a 12-7 lead.
Mason McCullough cruised through a 1-2-3 inning in the bottom half of the 14th inning as Carolina claimed its 50th win of the year.
Stubbs led the 19-hit attack for the Tar Heels with his second four-hit game of the tournament, while Landon Lassiter added three hits of his own. Holberton finished with four RBIs on the night and leadoff man Chaz Frank contributed three RBIs and scored a team-high three runs.
Carolina will look to punch its ticket into Sunday's ACC Championship Saturday night when it takes on No. 4 seed NC State at 7 p.m. The winner of Saturday night's game will take on No. 6 seed Virginia Tech at 1 p.m. on Sunday.


text:
Posted by Peter Wannemacher on April 1, 2014
For digital teams at banks and credit unions, building a mobile strategy to win, serve, and retain customers is a major undertaking. But even after executive leaders approve a mobile strategy — after the congratulations, confetti, and champagne fade away — digital teams at banks face the challenge of executing on that strategy. The latest chapter in Forrester's Mobile Banking Strategy Playbook outlines how digital business leaders at banks can meet customer needs and business objectives with a mobile banking road map.
Our report lays out many commonly-encountered obstacles to mobile banking execution success and how digital teams can overcome these obstacles. Here are a few of the areas the report looks at:


text:
AMES, Iowa — Low- and moderate-income Iowans can have their tax returns prepared for free by trained and IRS-certified volunteers at nearly 150 sites across Iowa. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach supports Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA), one of the programs providing this service. ISU Extension and Outreach works with local partners to recruit and train volunteers and provide technical support for VITA sites in 42 rural counties, said Barb Wollan, an ISU Extension and Outreach family finance specialist.
"These volunteers are qualified to deal with most ordinary types of income, deductions and tax credits, ensuring accurate preparation of tax returns and saving money for taxpayers, averaging $100 or more per return," Wollan said. "Taxpayers with income up to about $50,000 are served by VITA sites."
One tax credit for which low- or moderate-income Iowans may qualify is the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). To claim this credit, an individual must have earned income from employment, self-employment or another source and meet certain income-level, investment and other guidelines.
"We educate the volunteers about the EITC and other credits, so they can help Iowans who qualify to claim those credits and keep more of their hard-earned dollars," Wollan said.
"By ensuring that residents claim the tax credits for which they are eligible, VITA sites and other outreach efforts help bring hundreds of thousands of dollars into Iowa counties, benefitting entire communities as well as individuals and families. Research has shown the EITC to have greater impact in lifting people out of poverty than any other public program," Wollan said.
"This flow of income from the Earned Income Tax Credit makes a substantial economic impact in local communities," Wollan added. "EITC recipients tend to circulate their refunds through the local economy, creating a ripple effect many times the size of the original refund. This money strengthens neighborhoods, assists small businesses and spurs local economic development."
In 2011, volunteers working at VITA sites in rural Iowa, who were trained by ISU Extension and Outreach, helped 1,875 low- and moderate-income Iowans complete income tax returns, Wollan said. Of these tax filers, 601 who qualified for the EITC received a total of $816,635 in the 42 counties that participated in ISU Extension-community partnerships to expand VITA programs in rural Iowa.
In addition to coordinating these VITA tax sites, ISU Extension and Outreach provides supplemental training and resources related to federal tax law, Iowa tax law and proper use of tax software; these resources are used by all IRS volunteers statewide, Wollan said. At the VITA sites in the participating rural counties, ISU Extension and Outreach specialists recruit volunteers, publicize sites, obtain equipment and supplies, and provide technical support.
ISU Extension and Outreach became involved with VITA in 2003 to bring free tax preparation into rural areas of Iowa where it previously was unavailable, Wollan explained. Extension and Outreach is part of a statewide network of organizations focused on enhancing the economic wellbeing of low- and moderate-income families through tax preparation and related educational outreach.
To find an IRS-sponsored free tax site, call 800-906-9887 or 211 in Iowa, or go to the ISU Extension and Outreach website, http://www.extension.iastate.edu/finances/personal/taxsites.htm. Most VITA sites in Iowa receive modest financial support for equipment, supplies and other needs from the Iowa Department of Human Services and the Internal Revenue Service, coordinated by Iowans for Social and Economic Development (ISED).


text:
|Topic Review (Newest First)
|Another point I forgot - IF you use a stock style steering gear/parallel drag link (not cross steer), keep the drag link parallel with the springs. This will also minimize bump steer. If the drag link is at a different angle, the sprong and draglink will move in different arcs causing unwanted movement of the spindles.
|Thanks for the help! I'll post photos as soon as I get a digital camera.
Don't know of any book w/ all the answers but there are some basic principles that must be followed. If you have parallel leaf springs, bump steer is unavoidable, but can be minimized. I have it in my stock '53 Chevy pickup. First, DON'T raise the front end by arching the springs. Keep them as mildly arched as possible. This is because when a leaf spring is compressed it gets longer. As this happens the axle is moved away (front shackles) or nearer to (rear shackles) the steering gear. If the driver is holding the steering wheel steady, the pittman arm will steer the wheels left or right causing an unexpected change of direction of the car. Old gassers crashed at the end of a run due to this phenomenon because when the parachute was deployed at 160mph the car nosed over and the car steered violently left or right and into the guard rail. Use straigh axles or riser blocks to get the height you want. On my Willys, I use a stock axle 'cause it looks great drilled and chromed but has quite a drop. Thus I added 3" riser blocks and increased the axle shackle bolts from 5/16" to 3/8" to handle the higher stress on them. I have a little bump steer but in 5 years have never had any control problems. I subconsciously accomodate it. Some gassers went to a Ford type transverse single spring (Altizer, Finders and Kibler 'Traveler' '33 Willys gasser) which gets rid of bump steer. By keeping the springs relatively flat they can be a little softer and give a better ride. Don't worry too much about camber and caster 'cause front end shops can use wedge shaped shims and axle bending to set these up. This is SOP for them. What ever you do, don't get more height by using longer spring shackles. This is not only ugly, it is dangerous because it destabilizes the whole suspension.
Other than that just pay attention to keeping things strong and avoid interference problems such as pittman arm hitting left tire in a hard left turn, or binding of brake hoses. Of course, if you use cross steering (not Gasser standard practice) instead of parallel pittman arm steering, then clearing oil pan and frame stuff is a concern.
I recommend you look at a lot of '60s rod books to get ideas of how to set it up. Try and post pictures of your project.
gasser front axle
i'm starting a '66 valiant 4-door gasser project(it's a long story). i bought a drop front axle w/ leaf springs, etc. on ebay (paid too much no doubt), so now i'm looking for information on how to go about setting it up. i realize this type of front end isn't very practical, but i love the gasser look. does anybody know of any old articles/instructions, etc. that might be of help?
(i have limited internet access, so my responses might be slow) thanks!
|Posting Rules
You may post new threads
You may post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts
BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off


text:
Aging Well: Beating the winter and holiday blues
December 14, 2009
• Immediate support is available for individuals in crisis. To reach a local mental health professional, call 879-1090 in Routt County or 824-6541 in Moffat County.
• A peer support group for people with bipolar disorder or depression meets at 6:30 p.m. the first and third Wednesday of each month in Conference Room 2 at the Yampa Valley Medical Center. For more information, call Ronna Autrey at 846-8182.
• A support group for those that have attempted suicide meets at noon the first and third Wednesday of each month at the Rollingstone Respite House. Goals are to learn coping skills and meet a network of people that can help. For more information, call Autrey, 846-8182.
• Heart Beat of Steamboat, a peer led support group for those that have lost a friend or family member to suicide, meets at noon the second and fourth Thursday of each month at the Rollingstone Respite House. For more information, contact Autrey at 846-8182. For information about Heart Beat of Moffat County, call Sandy at 871-7682.
• A bereavement support group meets from noon to 1 p.m. Tuesdays at the Rollingstone Respite House. Grief support for children also is available. For more information, call 879-1632.
For information about bereavement support groups in Craig, call 824-8233.
Editor's Note: This article originally was published Dec. 12, 2007. It has been updated for accuracy.
Amidst colorful decorations and holiday music, some smiles mask sadness, anxiety, irritation and hopelessness.
For many people, the holiday season is a time for family, friends, festivities and joy.
For others, the holidays further emphasize loss or loneliness while making it even harder to cope with depression and other life challenges.
Some may be tempted to just hole up and wait for the holidays and winter to pass. However, local experts familiar with depression and loss issues say that setting limits, accepting one's emotions and needs and creating support networks are among ways people can handle the difficult aspects of the holidays and winter.
Winter blues
Icy temperatures, stifling snow and shorter days can be enough to make some people feel lethargic and sad. Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression related to a lack of sunlight, which can change the chemical balance in one's body, said Tom Gangel, regional director of Colorado West Regional Mental Health, which includes the Craig and Steamboat Mental Health Centers.
He estimated about 10 percent of people experience SAD. Those with mild depression symptoms often find relief with daily exposure to special lights that help replace lost sunlight. The lights can be purchased at various sources or rented through local mental health facilities.
Fresh air and exercise are good for almost all depressed patients because of the beneficial chemicals released during exercise. In general, doing things differently, like taking a walk instead of staying indoors, or changing the way you do a task that normally makes you sad, can help balance some of the changes that occur in the body as a result of depression, Gangel said.
"The body and the mind start to function in a really well-oiled manner," he said. "If you can change what you are used to, you can change how you are feeling."
People can sometimes pull themselves out of a mild depression by learning to let go of pressures and expectations, especially during the holidays.
"If you can just kind of let go and roll with the punches, it can make life a lot easier," Gangel said.
There are different types and degrees of depression, so it's important to recognize when to seek professional help. If symptoms such as lethargy, changes in sleep, irritability, worrying and thoughts of death or suicide last more than one to two weeks or start to become pervasive, one should consider professional treatment.
Setting limits
Holiday expectations, including family gatherings, noisy parties and forced cheer, can be particularly overwhelming for people already suffering from depression.
"I think the holidays are just hard, and especially in a town like this where there are tourists who are happy to be here — or appear happy — and you think, 'Why can't I be like them?'" said Ronna Autrey, who facilitates a depression and bipolar support group in Steamboat.
The group discussed ways participants can cope with the holidays and resist the urge to isolate themselves, which can make depression worse.
Social commitments can be easier with limits — such as agreeing to attend a party but planning to stay only an hour, Autrey said.
Difficult family gatherings can be made bearable by taking walks, escaping to the kitchen to help prepare food and taking breaks from the crowd.
It's also helpful to balance family or social obligations with activities you enjoy — such as attending a concert or snowshoeing with a friend.
"Sometimes the dynamics of family is tough during the holidays for all of us," Autrey said. "We can be at our best or at our worst."
Communication with family and friends about one's depression or bipolar issues, while hard, can be beneficial in breaking the ice and embarrassment people may feel about their problems or how they've dealt with others' issues, she said.
Similarly, it's important to establish a support network of friends who understand depression and can help when you are having a bad day.
The peer-led support group offers participants a safe place where they know they won't be judged. They learn effective techniques for handling their conditions while establishing important bonds with each other.
"I just can't emphasize enough how much they help each other," Autrey said.
Coping with loss
Individuals coping with the loss of a loved one may feel pressure to put on a happy face during the holidays, but it's important they remain sensitive to their grief and not stuff their emotions, said Katy Thiel, social worker and bereavement counselor for the VNA Hospice program.
Defining boundaries or being realistic about commitments while taking time to be sad can help people through the grieving process. For example, be OK with not sending Christmas cards or with leaving a party if you're uncomfortable or sad.
"It's a time to be really self-aware and sensitive to your needs and to really nurture yourself while being prepared for whatever emotions may come up," said Thiel, who led a bereavement support group focused on coping with the holidays.
It's also OK to let others know how you are feeling and to talk about the person you've lost.
Grieving individuals can honor the person they've lost by lighting a candle on Christmas Eve or encouraging family members to share memories of that person during a holiday meal. Another way to honor the person that has died is to volunteer for a charity they held dear or make a donation in that person's name, Thiel said.
— Tamera Manzanares writes for the Aging Well program and can be reached at email@example.com. Aging Well, a division of Northwest Colorado Visiting Nurse Association, is a community-based program of healthy aging for adults 50 and older. For more information, visit http://www.agingwelltoday.com or call 871-7606.


text:
'I've grown up around the games, whether on astro-turf or ice, and they are a part of who I am, even if I don't know a goal from a touchdown. To be from Buffalo is to be a part of the Bills and Sabres, no matter how the season goes. Right now, we're having a winning beginning, with both football and hockey. So, lets go, Buffalo! This year could be the one.'
Bills and Sabres are part of our history
September 29, 2011 Submitted by
Via: Metro Community Newspapers


text:
Homemade Cranberry Juice RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
5 2 2
- 2 quarts water
- 8 cups fresh or frozen cranberries
- 1-1/2 cups sugar
- 1/2 cup lemon juice
- 1/2 cup orange juice
- In a soup kettle, bring water and cranberries to a boil. Reduce heat; cover and simmer for 20 minutes or until berries begin to pop.
- Strain through a fine strainer, pressing mixture with a spoon; discard berries. Return cranberry juice to the pan. Stir in the sugar, lemon juice and orange juice. Bring to a boil; cook and stir until sugar is dissolved.
- Remove from the heat. Cool. Transfer to a pitcher; cover and refrigerate until chilled. Yield: 8 servings (2 quarts).
Originally published as Homemade Cranberry Juice in Country December/January 2009, p53
Reviews for Homemade Cranberry Juice
Please Log In or Join to add a rating and review.
Click stars to rate
Any changes to your rating or review will appear where you originally posted your review
Reviewed Aug. 23, 2014
"love anything cranberry. i like that this is all natural and does not contain hfcy and eill make again and again"
Reviewed Dec. 1, 2009
"This drink is excellent and my family and I absolutely love it. We will be making it many more times and keeping the recipe."


text:
Steinberg is pleased to announce a new update for LoopMash and LoopMash HD. This update lets you record and export your mashup, and it's completely free!
Record and Export
When LoopMash is running, simply tap the red button on the upper right-hand corner of the app to start recording. Tap the button again to stop recording. Once you've stopped you are prompted to give your creation a name. All your recorded WAV files are stored in the iTunes Share folder of LoopMash.
IMPORTANT: This update requires iOS 5.1 to work! If you don't have iOS 5.1 installed in your device don't install this update as it won't work!


text: Beteal Bib Necklace Style: 570062606 Out of Stock Love it? Everyone else did too. This item sold out! Use our search tool, chat online or call 1.888.855.4986 to find something equally desirable. A bold design of colorful swirls. Adjusts from 18" to 22". Acrylic, metal, and resin. Read More… Share on Facebook Tweet Pin


text: Iris Elongated Bow Belt Style: 570076214 Out of Stock Love it? Everyone else did too. This item sold out! Use our search tool, chat online or call 1.877.948.2525 to find something equally desirable. Sinuous bow in glossy Iris, has a ladylike way of defining waist or hips. Skinny enough to slip through belt loops. Accessorize with the Iris Lattice Tri-Fold Clutch and Snake-Embossed Leather/Patent Heel. 90% man-made patent, 10% snake-embossed leather. 0.5" wide. Imported. Read More… Share on Facebook Tweet Pin


text:
Medical Management
Many drugs and procedures are available for treating MG, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. Drugs known as cholinesterase inhibitors provide relief from symptoms by blocking the action of acetylcholinesterase and increasing the amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. (For a more detailed explanation of how these drugs work, see Causes/Inheritance.)
Immunosuppressant drugs can be used to attack the disease at its source, but they increase susceptibility to infectious diseases and most of them carry other potentially serious side effects.
The benefits and risks of these treatments must be weighed against each other and the needs of the patient. Your doctor or MDA clinic director can help you determine which treatments are appropriate for you.
Cholinesterase inhibitors
These drugs, also known as anticholinesterases, have been used against MG since the early 1990s, and can produce relief from symptoms within minutes. The one most commonly used is pyridostigmine (Mestinon).
Cholinesterase inhibitors boost ACh levels not only at the neuromuscular junction but also in the autonomic nervous system (which controls involuntary bodily functions). Sometimes the drugs can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps and/or excessive saliva. To minimize these side effects, your physician might lower the dose of cholinesterase inhibitors or prescribe atropine, which blocks the ACh receptors on nerve cells.
In rare cases, cholinesterase inhibitors prove sufficient for managing MG, but most people also require immunosuppression — treatment that restrains the actions of the immune system.
Drug warnings and other concerns
Many prescription drugs can unmask or worsen symptoms of MG. These include:
- muscle relaxants used during surgery
- aminoglycoside and quinolone antibiotics
- cardiac anti-arrhythmics
- local anesthetics
- magnesium salts (including milk of magnesia)
When taking a new prescription drug for the first time, it's a good idea to consult your doctor about its possible effects on MG. Also, you might want to keep a MedicAlert bracelet or card handy to inform emergency medical personnel that you have MG and that certain drugs can be harmful to you.
Overexertion, emotional stress, infections (from tooth abscesses to the flu), menstruation and pregnancy also can lead to increased weakness in MG.
Immunosuppressant drugs
Corticosteroids. These drugs (which include prednisone and prednisolone) reproduce the actions of corticosteroid hormones, which are made by the cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal gland. They have broad anti-immune and anti-inflammatory effects, making them powerful treatments for MG.
They're not as fast-acting as cholinesterase inhibitors, but they're faster than some other immunosuppressants, producing improvement within weeks to months. They're also relatively inexpensive.
A disadvantage of corticosteroids is that they can produce many side effects — some of them potentially serious — including osteoporosis (weakening of bones), mood disturbances, gastrointestinal problems, weight gain, high blood pressure, cataracts and stunted growth (in children). For many people, these side effects can be managed with other therapies; for example, bisphosphonate drugs can be used to prevent osteoporosis.
For others, corticosteroids are used as a first-line defense against MG, then gradually tapered off, and supplemented or replaced with slower-acting immunosuppressants that have fewer side effects. Most of these other drugs were developed to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs, but have since been co-opted for use against MG and other autoimmune diseases.
Azathioprine (Imuran). This was the first non-steroid immunosuppressant to come into widespread use against MG, in the 1970s. It acts more slowly than corticosteroids, producing improvement after three to six months, and usually has few side effects. Occasionally, however, it can produce serious side effects, including inflammation of the pancreas, liver toxicity, bone marrow suppression and possibly an increased risk of cancer.
Mycophenylate mofetil (CellCept). CellCept is a relatively new immunosuppressant, but so far it's shown promising results against MG in clinical trials. In two small trials completed in 2001, about 65 percent of MG patients experienced gains in strength or a reduced need for prednisone after taking CellCept for several months.
More recent analyses have shown that some people take longer to respond to the drug, but that nearly 75 percent eventually show improvement, with occasional relatively nonserious side effects such as stomach upset, flulike symptoms, rash and tremor.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune). This is a useful, relatively fast-acting treatment for MG, but it may have side effects including increased blood pressure, abnormal kidney function, unwanted body hair and stomach upset.
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar). This drug is considered effective against MG, but because it has many potentially serious side effects, it's often reserved for use only when other drugs fail.
Myasthenic crisis
Especially in people with bulbar or respiratory symptoms, MG can sometimes worsen to the point of myasthenic crisis, an extreme episode of weakness that culminates in respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilation. In some cases, the respiratory muscles themselves give out, and in others, weakness in the throat muscles causes the airway to collapse.
When MG is properly treated, crisis is very rare. And when crisis does occur, it has a good rate of recovery, thanks to the wide range of treatments for MG and the quality of respiratory care at most hospitals.
Sometimes, myasthenic crisis can occur without warning, but it often has an identifiable trigger, such as fever, respiratory infection, traumatic injury, stress, or one of the drug types mentioned above. If you have MG, you should have these conditions monitored by a physician, and if you experience labored breathing or unusual weakness, you should seek immediate medical attention.
Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
In plasmapheresis, also known as plasma exchange, an intravenous line is used to remove antibodies from the blood. IVIg therapy is essentially an injection of nonspecific antibody (immunoglobulin) that might work by dialing down the immune system's production of its own antibodies, much as warm air tells a thermostat to stop pumping out heat.
These treatments bring about fast, but short-lived relief from MG, and are mostly used until other medications take effect, prior to surgery or for myasthenic crisis. However, some people receive regular plasmapheresis or IVIg as a supplement to immunosuppressant drugs.
In rare cases, pregnancy appears to trigger the onset of MG. In women who already have MG, pregnancy can cause a worsening of symptoms (usually after birth, but sometimes during the first trimester); an improvement (usually during the first trimester); or no change, with about equal likelihood. These trends aren't consistent from one pregnancy to the next.
Some medications for MG are safe to use during pregnancy and nursing, but some others aren't recommended. If you're planning to become pregnant, you should consult your physician, and if you're a nursing mother, consult your child's pediatrician.
Between 10 and 20 percent of babies born to mothers with MG develop transient neonatal MG, probably because the antibodies that cause MG can pass through the placenta. Symptoms (such as feeble cry, feeding difficulties or respiratory weakness) often are detected within hours to days after birth, and decreased movement may be detected inside the womb.
As the name implies, transient neonatal MG is only temporary. Most babies require medication and supportive care, but usually recover completely within two months after birth. Permanent weakness or recurrence of MG later in life is extremely rare.
Thymectomy — surgical removal of the thymus gland — is recommended for thymoma and for most cases of generalized MG. It's believed to be the only therapy capable of producing long-term, drug-free remission from MG, but most data regarding its use have come from case studies rather than clinical trials.
Thymectomy is estimated to produce remission from MG in about 30 percent of people. It's also known to increase strength or reduce the need for medication in an additional 50 percent. These improvements may take several months to several years after surgery to occur.
Thymectomy usually has the most favorable outcomes in people who are under age 60 and early in the course of the disease. Because the thymus is required for immune system development, most doctors prefer not to perform the surgery on prepubescent children.
For more about myasthenia gravis management, see:


text:
Article Preview
Concert Aids Westchester Centre.
Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. ();
March 06, 1932,
, Section SECOND NEWS SECTION GENERAL NEWS SHIPPING AND MAILS BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES SOCIETY MARRIAGES AND DEATHS FINANCIAL AND BUSINESS NEWS, Page N2, Column , words
The first paragraph is not available for this article.
March 06, 1932
Thank you for visiting The New York Times archive.
New York Times subscribers* enjoy full access to TimesMachine—view 129 years of New York Times journalism, as it originally appeared. 99¢ for your first 4 weeks.
Or, purchase this article individually for $3.95 and download a high-resolution PDF.
Buy Article
* Does not include NYT Now or Premium Crosswords subscribers.
Already a subscriber? Log in to view this article »