text:
Wrinkled fiberglass
I purchased a load of fiberglass from an eBay seller last week. It came in today, but its pretty wrinkled. The wrinkles don't go away unless I really pull it tight. I'm making custom body panels with this stuff, so am I going to have to iron it before I apply it to the mold?
By the way, the fiberglass was 80 cents per running yard, 50" wide, 4 oz, and the guy has alot more if anyone is looking to buy some fiberglass for cheap. His eBay ID is avohio.
Is it woven cloth or random fiber mat? I don't have a concept of what 'wrinkled' means. If it is tightly creased wrinkles, this will severely weaken the strength of the cloth. After all it is just glass and dowsn't like being bent. If it is just mild waves, no problem. Regardless, the 'body' of this material is artificially applied by a resin soluble binder so the cloth should calm down when you soak it with the resin. Try a test with a small piece but I am pretty sure it won't cause you any problems once it is wet.
First off, its woven cloth. I'm not worried about any structural defects here. The glass strands aren't broken by any means. Imagine crumpling a wet shirt up, throwing it on the floor, and then picking it up a week later. Its that kind of wrinkled.
I'm just afraid that the wrinkles are going to show throw once the epoxy has been applied.
I dont think there will be problem, once you dip it into the resin it will smooth out
I can't imagine there being any kind of structual problem. Willys, do you really think so? I mean the fiberglass strands don't get "broken" unless you were to just smash it with a hammer or something.
A pack of fiberglass cloth for instance will be tightly folded into a "bolt" without any damage.
Psionic, as mitmaks said, it will layout flat once it is wet without a problem, it is designed to fit very tight contours and will with ease once dipped in resin. Of course if you were making an item with seriously important strength concerns like a drag boat hull or something you would want to have everything perfect.
But Willy's may have more experiance with the stuff and you should wait until he comes back with a yea or nay.
What are you making?
I just noticed you are going to be putting this cloth in epoxy. I would still think it would lay down. But being epoxy is so much thicker, it may not lay down as nice as the regular polyester fiberglass resin.
No, normally folded cloth isn't damaged but as I stated, I can't imagine what caused the 'wrinkled' cloth enough to worry about it affecting the lay. Cloth can be damaged if it is 'kinked'. If the part is not highly stressed, reconsider using epoxy for it. For one thing it will cost a bunch more with no real benefit over polyester and second, normal glass cloth is formulated for polyester resin that dissolves the binders whereas epoxy won't which makes layup harder to do and cloth wetting is not as efficient.
For any normal street/strip car part I can think of, polyester would be my choice.
Also, you need at least one layer of random thread fiberglass mat between your gel coat and the cloth. If you put the cloth on as the first layer under the gel coat the pattern of the cloth will print through no matter how much you sand and polish. The mat isolates the cloth weave pattern from the surface and allows a smooth surface.
The above is right that "Polyester fiberglass resin" is the first choice for automotive repair.
It is cheaper and requires less strength in the catalyst to kick it then the epoxy fiberglass resin.
Make no mistake about it there is a BIG difference as far as quality and strength between the epoxy fiberglass and the polyester fiberglass.
It really does not matter what one you use on an automobile
but try to GIVE a boat repair guy polyester he will never use it
as it will not hold up.
I'm making a custom front bumper, rear bumper, fenders, and hood with the fiberglass. To be honest, the only reason I've chosen epoxy is because friends have told me to "do it right" and "just use epoxy". I haven't purchased any yet, but now I think I'm going to reconsider.
Also, about the gel coat, I would like someone to clear things up for me:
Here is what I've been told / read about gel coating. (These statements conflict somewhat)
1) You spray gel coat on the mold to cover up defects and create a smooth surface on which you can layer your fiberglass.
2) You spray gel coat on the final part to create a smooth surface.
3) Gel coat is just another name for a resin.
4) Gel coating isn't nessecary if your mold is smooth enough.
A buddy of mine made a canoe out of kevlar. He made his mold out of wood, sanded it until it was super smooth, and layed 2 layers of kevlar and epoxy in it. The canoe is as perfectly smooth, strong and flexible enough.
Can someone point out what the visual and structural differences will be between a part that was gel coated, and a part that wasn't?
Also can someone point out where to get this stuff? I get most of my stuff from eBay, not much in the way of gel coating there.
Ok, I don't know a darn thing about using epoxy as a resin in a "fiberglass" componant. Barry, can you clear something up for me? I have been around a lot of fiberglass Rod body manufacturing, architectural manufacturing (come on now guys, you don't really think that ornate new building in town is really granite did you? :) ) , and the like, I have never seen epoxy used.
It makes sense that it would be stronger, but is it really being used in boats? I use to service a pretty high end boat repair shop in the Sacramento delta and all the boats appeared to be regular old polyester resin glass and the repairs seem to be made in regular old polyester resin. These were BIG buck yachts. Could these have been epoxy and I just don't know what I am looking at? Is the epoxy used for such a project different in appearance than the dark gray,white, blackish opaque looking resin we see in other epoxy products like adhesives?
And for goodness sakes, how the heck to you spell it "mould or Mold"???? :confused:
Psionic, I am miles from being a glass expert but I would like to take a stab at your questions.
1. The gel coat isn't to cover up defects in the mould, but to "cover up" defects in the surface of piece you are making in the mould. When the glass is laid in the mould, if there are any air bubbles or flaws where you can't get the glass tucked into a nook or cranny the gel coat covers it up. There may be this void under the gel coat in the glass but you don't see it.
Willy's, Barry? At least that is what it looks like it is used for in production parts.
2 I have never seen gel coat sprayed after the part is pulled other than to repair something.
3. It isn't another name for resin,but it is made largely from resin. Resin and pigment color. Barry, Willy's , maybe some "talc" for body?
4. I imagine you are correct, but I have never seen a company make anything where it wasn't used. Those "carbon fiber" (something makes me doubt it really is carbon fiber) hoods you see on the little ricy cars, they have a clear gel coat I believe.
I don't think the smoothness of the mould is as critical as the smoothness of the application of mat, cloth and resin into the mould. If you don't get it down smooth, into every nook and cranny, pressing out every single bit of air bubbles and so on, you will have flaws in the outer surface of the part you pull out of the mould.
The "visual" difference is the part looks "painted" when pulled out of the mould if it is gel coated. MUCH better surface other paint products if you plan on painting it an automotive paint later.
"Structual"? I don't think one single iota.
The manufacture really uses the gel coat for a number of reasons, one is to insure the part will be smooth and free of defects. The other is what I just mentioned, it is already painted!
Here is little riddle you can ask your buddies.
What is painted before it even exists? A fiberglass boat!
Yep, before it is even made, it doesn't exist, the gel coat is sprayed in the mould. Thus it is "painted" before it even exists.
I just looked "mould, mold" up in the dictionary and found both are correct! :) I will be using "mold" from now on, one less letter to type. :)
Well, I have to agree with Martin on this one. We have a big named boat builder here in town and he uses nothing but polyester and mostly a chopper bun instead of cloth! And he builds speed boats the same way as fishing boats. Never have seen him use epoxy. I have never used it and in all my reading it is reserved for things like stress-skin race car bodies, aircraft parts and those funny car bodies that go 350mph and weigh 3oz! No doubt about it, epoxy reinforced carbon fiber is bullet proof.
Now about gel coat. Polyester resin used in laminating the cloth hardens very hard. It is a bear to finish for that reason. On the other hand, gel coat is formulated to be thixotropic - means thick coats stick on vertical surfaces - and it cures to the consistency of sanding primer. A gel coated surface can be treated exactly as you do a layer of PPG K36. If you want a perfect finish on a 'glass part, it must be gel coated. It has the added benefit of carrying permanent color so as Martin says, boat builders spray their color scheme in gel coat into a boat mold, lay in the fiberglass and pop out a perfectly finished boat shell needing no further finishing.
There are various grades of gel coat for various purposes. One is a tooling gel which is usually bright orange and is used to coat the inside surface of a fiberglass mold so it can produce many parts without damage to the valuable surface. Here are a few snap shot of a part I made recently showing;
a prototype made of wood plaster, whatever
The part finshed, painted and polished to perfection so I can get a perfect mold from it
The fiberglass mold finished inside with tooling gel and with parting lines so it can be taken off the part!
And finally the finished part with a thick white gel coat ready to finish sand and paint
Had to make the part in two pieces and epoxy it together.
I can tell from your questions you haven't read the educational sections of the web sites I linked above. Please do, they will answer a lot of your questions a lot better than I did. Fiberglast Co. sells how-to videos that are very informative. They also sell everything you need including the proper mold release agents, gel coats, resins and fabrics to do the job right. I buy all my stuff form them. I am a power ebaY user but I wouldn't buy my fiberglass materials there. WAY too much work involved to use inferior product and believe me there is a difference in quality in fiberglass materials.
On yachts?
Martin, maybe for inside repairs of non structural but not for transoms or holes??
Most likely if they bought it in 55 gallon drums it was an epoxy base.
I have seen Seado's repaired with polyester and small fiberglass boats.
Could well be?
Most major marine suppliers (industrial not your walk in stores) Don't even stock polyester in 55 gallon drums.
I guess thats why you west coats guys make a higher hourly rate
than us guys on the east coast- Your just better!!!
Maybe our water is different?
I don't get into fiberglass body cars but what are these guys using to mold the body's? They could use either but I would hope epoxy.
Not that this matters in the application being done here but I was in between coats of paint the first Time I got on.
Here are the main differences between epoxy resin and Polyester resin.
Dries faster
Less activator required.
Thinner bodied so easier to us on some parts.
Poor adhesion to wood and steel.
Fair adhesion to itself.
High in solvency so easy to have air bubbles.
Heavy bodied less trapped air.
Dries slower
Requires higher strength activator (some 2:1, on high side)
Excellent adhesion to like product.
Excellent adhesion to wood.
Fair to good adhesion to metal.
30-60% more flexible.**
Less film (50%) to equal same strength.**
Higher heat tolerance.**
Now for the **:
There are different grade of epoxy fiberglass as it gets down to how much
Talc, chromium the manufacture ads to thicken up. If he uses cheaper heavy talc this will weaken the film and take away on flexibility and heat resistance.
If they blend with fine chromium or fine and medium grade talc of course it will be stronger.
Transoms are sandwiched in wood; this is why I would find it hard to believe
Any boat builder would use this, since polyester does not like to stick to wood.
I sell a boat builder and the smallest boat they make (all sea going) is 65Feet.
About 5 years ago an automotive paint warehouse special ordered 5- 55 gallon
Drums of polyester glass for a jobber selling to Martin/Lockheed they refused it because it was not epoxy and I thought I could help out and sell it for them to my boat builder.
He told me he had to sign an affidavit with the insurance company saying he would only use an epoxy.
Hmm. All the car builder and boat builders I am familiar with use good old polyester! Like I stated above I am pretty sure that the funny car, aircraft, and Indy guys use epoxy and exotic materials like carbon fiber and aramid because they need the superior physical properties. For plain vanilla car parts (I am pretty sure you will find every kit car on the market is polyester), good old smelly polyester is the ticket.
I know aviation has to because the Polyester will not hold up to the hydraulic fluid but today on out side of plane I have no clue if they even use fiberglass any more.
I would like to know about about the people building these 32 and 34 ford body's and others. Polyester being so brittle there would be an advantage.
Speedboats? last i knew (years ago) 80mph was the cut off for a polyester as well as most paints.
I think if you call the guy repairing holes in the big boats, he not using the polyester for that application, The adhesion and strength is just not there when your 20 miles out.
That could be true and makes sense for repairs on boats to use epoxy. Plenty of extra strength and small repairs materials would be cheap. I do know for sure that they use polyester for the new stuff. All the fiberglass supply sites I linked above suggest polyester repairs and polyester gel coat instead of paint for repairing boat holes. And when you start getting over 80mph, that kinda leaves 99% of the boaters behind! That starts getting into the high performance realm which starts begging for epoxy.
Car bodies do very well w/ polyester if the bracing is properly designed. I built the one piece, tilt hood of my Willys from polyester/mat, no cloth form a 'glass mold I too from the original hood (photos of it in my journal) and it is 15 years old and still going strong. A few small cracks but that looks authentic 60s gasser so I leave them there!
|All times are GMT -6. The time now is 03:51 AM.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.7
Copyright ©2000 - 2017, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Search Engine Optimization by vBSEO 3.6.0 PL2
vBulletin Security provided by vBSecurity v2.2.2 (Pro) - vBulletin Mods & Addons Copyright © 2017 DragonByte Technologies Ltd.
Copyright Hotrodders.com 1999 - 2012. All Rights Reserved.


text:
'"Nobody's happy. None of us are happy and you want to win and you want to win through any circumstance and I feel right now, we're healthy enough to win. We've gotten enough pieces back that we should be able to win. We're not going to blow anybody out, but we're going to have to win some tight games. Yes that was a big factor, never before have we had that number out, but right now I think we're close enough to win games so we can eliminate any other excuses."'
Sabres Ruff says they're healthy enough to win now
January 14, 2012 Submitted by
Via: WGR-AM

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Originally Posted by BBill
So just drill a small dimple?
Yep on the right side mirrored to the spring/bb on the left. Then make it so your bb sticks up half of whatever the gap is on the left side. You could also use a pin like j427x did. I'd use a ss pin and bevel and smooth the face thats going to contact the receiver so it doesn't dig in. He epoxyed his in with JB weld which would keep it solid. With a bb it wouldn't need to be epoxyed, but it might be harder to drill the pocket depth that precisely.
Forum Rules


text:
Make every effort to keep unity in the Spirit in the bond of peace.
(Ephesians 4:3)
Unity offers the strength to promote a respectful, loving dialogue within the Church. We are all God's children, living in the grace of God's love, building unity to strengthen God's Church. Let us embrace one another in God's love, rise above our differences and heed God's call to unity.
Chapter 25, "Imagining Unity?", the final chapter of Perfecting Unity is available now! The full book will be available in hardcopy and electronic version in December 2016.Read


text:
Editing and Proofreading for Business
In the business world, time is money. Your day is busy enough without having to worry about the finer details involved in checking or improving memos, reports, presentations, manuals, and all those other vital but time-consuming documents.
Yet, you want to be noticed for your ideas, not your mistakes. Sending an important memo out to the masses with even one typo can be disastrous. You never know who is keeping track of the little things.
Save Time
We'll help you establish your reputation as a "perfectionist" when it comes to your business communication. We can be your secret weapon without adding a burden to your support staff. Our fast turnaround will help you save time and give your writing a competitive edge, while also allowing you to focus on the key aspects of your job.
Confidentiality Is Assured
We have some of the strictest confidentiality and privacy policies around. Your documents are safe with us too; file transfers to and from our site are encrypted.
Available Services
Click on the links below for further details
- Business Editing—For early drafts of all kinds of business documents, this service will help you hone your writing to have the maximum impact on your target audience. Learn More
- Business Proofreading—Before you send that document off, you need to have it carefully proofread to eliminate spelling, grammar, and typographical errors. Learn More
- Website Editing—Web copy needs to be relevant and attention-grabbing. Our editors will help you polish your writing. Learn More
- Website Proofreading—Websites need to be as professionally written as printed documents. Let our proofreaders check your copy and your markup. Learn More
- Blog Editing—Maintain a professional image online. Have your blog posts edited before you hit the publish button. Learn More


text:
|Topic Review (Newest First)
Re: Tayana 55 1988/90 is she good for serious oceans crossing???
Do you think that ia the right boat to live in,we are a family of four.
My wife and I have sailed our Tayana 55 over 12,000 miles in the last 3 years from Puerto Rico to Canada and back and then a Caribbean circumnavigation, most of the time without crew. We will probably take a couple of crew for the planned transatlantic in 2012 but that is still to be decided.
Worst weather was a F9 off New Jersey and I went to bed while my wife took her own single handed watch. The boat handled the 20 ft waves with ease.
We have a slab reefing main with 4 reefs but only 3 rigged and we usually are very conservative reefing early and rarely fly the 2000 sqft asymmetric. However, the only time the size of the boat is a real problem is docking nose or stern in without assistance on the dock, no rub rail to lay against the posts and a nice paint job. Especially since the bow thruster quit about 4 months ago
I am 62 and I might buy a roller furling main for my 70th birthday.
She is a fantastic live aboard but expensive to maintain, the quote for a new teak deck was $40,000 but we had the old teak removed and relayed, it was still 6-7mms thick, in Cartagena for $4,000. The deck and core beneath the teak was in perfect condition and we now have a functionally new teak deck.
However, it is easy to be seduced by the accommodation and no realize that she is not a boat for beginners, we have seen that happen and the boat was back on the market within 6 months.
We intend to keep and sail her until we are ready for assisted living.
Phil & Nell
Last we heard from JohnnyMac was in August last year by which time he'd flicked the idea of the Tayana and was after a multi.
Welcome to the board btw.
One feature to assist you...click on the other persons name....it opens up a drop down menu giving info on the other member.
Tayana 55 purchase
Hi Johnnymac,
I hope that you went ahead with your proposed Tayana 55 purchase. We do not have electric winches on our Tayana 55 and have never had a problem managing the sails. Furling stay and headsail and just lazy jacks for the main.
We sail with 4 kids from 2 to 13 and naturally take a conservative approach. Value for money, speed, safety, quality of fitout - I have never seen any other design come close.
We will also be sailing Pacific this season. Let us know if you are around.
S.V. Laroobaa
Orthomartin,thanks for the info regarding the Tayana 55.The amel super is a nice blue water yacht, but i don't want a ketch.The moody 54 is a very nice choose but is way out of my budget,this is way iam looking at the tayana 55.I know its 20 years old but thats my only deal,i have spoken to to at least two sailors and there must be a lot more out there that have had there dreams dashed after spending years and years getting there vessels ready for life long cruising,top side paint major refits engines ect, and the depression in the country and around the world has put a huge stop to that for some people. Its very sad.Hence forth there are some great deals out there for people like me on a real budget to get a great deal sad but true.
regards johnny
Tayana 55
I know the later 55s are really 58s but the "55" was placed for some import tax reasons. A guy named Milles Poor at Nanny Cay tortola is a 55 expert as he owns one and has done several refits with his company there. He is full time at Nanny Cay (sorry I don't have his email handy)
I sail a Moody 46, have gone from lk mi to the Caribbean last year and am in the Med now. I have looked a lot at slightly larger boats and the one I like best so far (and I really like the Tayana) is the Amel Super Maramu. Very safe ketch, true watertight fore and aft bulkheads, very easy with one or two people, and company support like no other in the world at this point in time. Not the best looking but built to take heavy water, stay dry in cockpit and below, and systems tested and re-tested. Very few Amel owners buy anything other than another Amel. Just my thoughts, good luck
I beleive 32,000 as I took it off multiple travellifts over the years.
Only comment on even bigger is a few years ago we were headed south in the fall and waiting on a window off Old Point Comfort. Also waiting was a Tayana 58. They left a day before us on a front and actually left before the front had fully passed. They did a straight shot to Miami and had the northerly push them the whole way. 3 total crew [husband, wife, friend]- fully mechanized boat.
Now they were all experienced, but when we traded emails said it was a little bouncy for the first 24 hrs then great ride. We left a day later, it was still bouncy by our standards 25-30 knots, 8-10 ft out of the northwest...I'm sure it was worse a day earlier. We had a great ride to Charleston but ran out of air before we got there. If we had left earlier could have made it all the way on one tack. FWIW we did not push the boat at all and were comfortable with a #3 and a reef in the main. In fact as the wind died and came aft we let out the reef and added the staysail.
Difference was they are over 50' WL length we are 40. It's the delta between 7-8 knots avg and 10+.
|Hi Jeff.Sailing to me is a wild adventure, and some times right on the edge.I have been going to sea from a very early age,in all sort of vessels thats the Tasman sea.Its just sailing and pulling ropes, the longer the water line for me personally is the best, the longer you are out there in a dangerous ocean well you know, A 55 foot yacht can be easily handled by your self with some good quality electric winches and if they break well bad luck,Dont be out there if you can't handle it,when small problems occur.thats my look at it any way Jeff.
I think that you and I are essentially in agreement. Depending on whose published figures you believe, the Moody at roughly 26,400 to 32,000 lbs is roughly 55% to 2/3's of the weight of the Tayana 55. This is an enormous jump in displacement for a small increase in crew. It means that the loads will more than double and the cost of ownership will also more than double. You report that you have much more comfortable passages than smaller boats, but I have to question whether the extra length (from something more moderate at 47 feet to 56 feet) will add to the comfort of the crew when you consider all the factors.
And while you are right that with modern machinery, a small crew can set and fly some very big sails and handle a very big boat, a boat like the Tayana 55 in question was not built with this equipment, but also, this kind of equipment has the habit of failing in the most inopportune times, as in mid-cyclone. Adding to this issue is the remote areas that Johnny is proposing to take this boat.
Originally Posted by Jeff_H View Post
While I've never been a proponent of buying a short boat and then trying to pile a huge amount of displacement on it, I also am not a proponent of pushing the displacement per person too high and 16,000 lbs per seaman is really an enormous amount of displacement per person.
We have owned Sirius which displaces 32,000 lbs give or take loaded for over 9 years. In that time we have sailed her at least 15,000 miles [most of which in the 2 1/2 years we were cruising]. While docking requires both of us on deck and being very aware of all the factors we have cruised with a crew of 2for 90% of those miles. If you have at least an electric halyard winch, good windlass, and oversize sheet winches there is no reason not to sail a bigger boat from a crew standpoint if you have the skills. All this conversation is moot if you can't afford the $$ that these boats cost. We truly appreciate the comfort the extra size brings and can't count the number of times we pulled into an anchorage either significantly ahead of boats that left with us or upon arrival and comparing notes of our experiences out there.. we thought it was great.. they were a little beat up.
|This thread has more than 10 replies. Click here to review the whole thread.
|Posting Rules
You may post new threads
You may post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts
BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is On


text:
'And, according to comments made by Hamister today when he was introduced at a press conference as the Sabres new owner, he will not have any involvement with the day-to-day operations of the team until the Board of Governors approve him next year. Until Hamister is approved, the NHL will continue to operate the team the way they have over the past six months with Regier at the helm.'
Status quo
November 21, 2002 Submitted by
Via: Faceoff.com


text:
These days the online catalogues for many of the county archives are very detailed and in some instances give enough information that you don't require a copy of the original document.
I have just done a search of the Dorset Archives looking for any instances of the surname Lush and came up with quite a few entries that have given me some good leads.
The website also offers an online catalogue of Dorset images, but the link isn't working. I must make a note and try again after the New Year holidays are over. There are research guides as well for those who are just venturing into genealogy.


text:
Need Bees Removed?
Beemaster's International Beekeeping Forum
From Russia with hope
« previous
next »
Pages: [
Go Down
Topic: From Russia with hope (Read 3961 times)
House Bee
Posts: 111
From Russia with hope
December 11, 2004, 01:45:17 AM »
From Russia with hope
Friday, December 10, 2004
By STAN FREEMAN
SOUTH DEERFIELD - The Russian queen was suspended from a branch high in a black cherry tree and Daniel Conlon wasn't standing on ceremony.
He shook the branch roughly to dislodge her.
The queen, occupying the center of a swarm of perhaps 7,000 honeybees, had particular value to him. An escapee - along with her courtiers, all drones - of one of the 150 hives at Conlon's Warm Colors Apiary here, she and her sister queens might be the key to survival for New England's beleaguered beekeepers.
In 1984, a tiny insect called a tracheal mite invaded U.S. bee hives. It sucked the life out of honeybees and its impact was devastating. Then, three years later, a second mite, the varroa mite, invaded from Asia. It was as if a pair of category 5 hurricanes struck the same small community, one on the heels of the other.
Beekeeping has never been considered a lucrative profession ("How do you make a small fortune in beekeeping?" goes the old joke. "Start with a big fortune.") and beekeepers abandoned their hives in swarms.
"It was terrible. You couldn't keep your bees alive, and it went on for 10 years like that," Conlon said.
"You couldn't see the mites. You could only diagnose them when looking under a microscope. When the tracheal mites first hit, we were just seeing populations of bees dwindling. There was no sign of sickness, no obvious disease. The queens were still laying eggs, but coming out of the winter, they would just die. We were probably losing 70 to 80 percent of our bees at that point. The same thing happened when varroa mites arrived," he said.
But now there is the hope offered by the Russian queen. To most, that phrase suggests Catherine the Great, but to an apiarist like Conlon, who was recently named beekeeper of the year by the Eastern Apicultural Society, it suggests a strain of honeybee with the ability to survive the mites.
For the better part of two hours in late summer, Conlon attempted to capture the swarm and his escaped queen, trying to lure them into a five-gallon bucket baited with a honey-drenched comb that was hoisted to their branch using a rope. The swarm finally took the bait and settled into the bucket.
Now, as the coldest days of winter approach, the Russian bees are back in Conlon's hives. This winter, as last winter, Conlon's apiary will be a laboratory for testing of the bees under weather conditions typical of New England.
The western honeybee, apis mellifera, was first imported from Europe to the United States in the 1600s because of its ability to produce large amounts of honey and wax. It is also called an Italian honeybee because of its roots in that country. Today, such bees produce perhaps a quarter billion dollars of honey annually in the United States, but they have greater worth to the U.S. economy because in their visits to flowers they collect and distribute pollen. In this way they pollinate nearly $15 billion worth of apples, peaches, blueberries and other crops each year. So when mites devastated bee hives, they also threatened U.S. agriculture.
Wild honeybees virtually disappeared because of the mites, and the number of commercial bee colonies trucked about the nation to help pollinate crops dropped from 3.2 million in 1990 to about 2.6 million now. For the first time, say growers, the availability of bees plays a part in their crop planning.
Those who keep bees have tried to battle the mites using chemical treatments, but Conlon believes the treatments just prolong the problem, that they keep weak bees alive artificially and do not allow stronger, mite-resistant bees to naturally survive and repopulate the colonies. The chemicals also eat into the beekeeper's already small profits.
A Russian queen with an advanced ability to fight off mites began as a mere theory. In 1994, a decade after tracheal mites were first seen in Florida, American beekeeping was still in disaster mode. Winter after winter, hives were being devastated by the mites.
However, the idea that a solution might be found in the cold expanses of eastern Russia had been slowly forming in the mind of Thomas E. Rinderer, director of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's honeybee laboratory in Baton Rouge, La.
Using a detective's logic, he pieced together clues this way. In 1891, Czar Alexander III, intent on giving Russia a port on the Pacific Ocean, drew up plans for the Trans-Siberian Railway that would connect eastern Russia with Moscow and the Europeanized west. However, Eastern Russia had no population to speak of, and when the railroad was completed in 1905, Russians were recruited from the west to relocate to the east.
Rinderer figured that some of those migrants, who included many farmers, brought their bee hives with them among all their possessions, hives filled with Italian bees.
Varroa mites were native to Asia even then. The Primorsky region, where many of the migrants settled, was in southeastern Russia, adjacent to China and across a narrow strait from Japan, where varroa mites were present but where Italian bees were not.
Bees fly about, brushing against those from other hives, and certainly at some point the Asian mites would have infested the Russian hives with their Italian bees. If so, there had now been nearly a century of adaptation by the Italian bees to the mites.
Rinderer figured that after all this time natural selection would have done its job. In each breeding season, many of the bees with no immunity to the mites would have died and many of those with some immunity would have survived. Perhaps the bees had also evolved to have social behaviors that allowed them to fight off the mites. In any case, after nearly a century, there was a chance a line of Italian bees resistant to the mites now lived in Primorsky.
Acting only on this scientific hunch, Rinderer decided to go to Russia in 1994.
"Just myself and a technician went. We inspected hives and sure enough we found bee hives where the bees seemed to be living pretty well with mites. We also found beekeepers who were not all that worried about them" indicating the problem was not a major one, he said.
It took nearly three years of negotiation with the Russian government to get permission to bring Russian queen bees to the United States for testing.
"We finally got 100 of them, however, they were in quarantine for seven months on a barrier island off the coast of Louisiana. It wasn't until 1998 that we were able to begin testing colonies."
Tests were conducted of 90 mite-free colonies headed by Russian queens. The colonies were exposed to mites and the results tracked. Three months later, instead of the nearly 11-fold increase in mites they typically found among Italian bees, they found only about a four-fold increase of mites among the Russians, and in some colonies there was no increase at all.
Since then, they have continued breeding new Russian queens and then testing them and their progeny. Today, they have narrowed the field down to 15 strains with the highest survival rates.
What does a Russian queen look like compared to her Italian sister?
"A Russian queen is dark. It is blackish with little pale yellow bands. The Italian queen would look yellow with black bands. They're very different looking, black versus yellow," Rinderer said.
He said there are several qualities that make Russian bees so successful at thwarting the mites. Part of it is that natural selection led to a bee with the genes that help its body fight the mites biologically, perhaps by producing chemicals that the mites do not like. Most importantly, though, the Russian bees have learned to pick the mites off their brethren by biting and killing them.
Little would apparently be lost if the American beekeeping community made the switch from Italian to Russian bees, he said.
"In side by side tests, the Russian colonies have produced more honey than very high quality Italian stock even though the Italian colony is a little bit bigger," Rinderer said.
This year, for the first time, purebred Russian queens - those that come from a mate of a purebred Russian queen and a Russian drone - are being made available to average beekeepers. People like Conlon are raising them and slowly the supply of Russian queens is growing. Conlon received a $5,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture for the work.
"It's been an uphill battle," said Rinderer. "A lot of people are aware of the potential of the Russians but the suppliers of purebred queens are increasing at a slower rate than the market for them. But I expect that in five years, there will be a whole lot more Russian hives than there are now."
"Lurch my good man,…what did you mean when you said just now that 'You've got better things to do than run my petty little errands'…….?"
House Bee
Posts: 471
From Russia with hope
Reply #1 on:
December 11, 2004, 10:05:02 PM »
Boy, this sounds VERY promising! Bigger honey yeild
mite resistance! What more can you ask for? Now all we need are the QUEENS!
By the rude bridge that arched the flood
Their flag to Aprils breeze unfurled
Here once the embattled farmers stood
And fired the shot heard round the world
House Bee
Posts: 244
From Russia with hope
Reply #2 on:
December 11, 2004, 10:28:11 PM »
Sounds promising, but from what I have read, they supercede frequently, swarm frequently, and are a good deal more aggresive than what people are used to. Not a problem in an outyard, but a real problem for the backyard beekeeper. I like the winter hardiness they proclaim for them, but, I've heard mixed reviews on productivity.
If you get some of them, let us know how they are.
House Bee
Posts: 440
From Russia with hope
Reply #3 on:
December 27, 2004, 07:18:19 AM »
I have studied now better the Russian bee line and I understand much more better it now. I think that reason is "language barrier" why we do not know all facts in Finland.
Some has sayed that they have Russian colonies and "none mite". On other hand I read that it is not true because mites can live in drone pupas. " Mites on low level" is natural situation with Russians.
Officially we cannot import queens from USA. Reason is small hive beetle.
International bee links via Finland
Field Bee
Posts: 835
From Russia with hope
Reply #4 on:
May 07, 2005, 01:35:20 PM »
I have heard that the russian honeybees are more productive than Italians (Apis mellifera linguistica) but that's only if you can keep them from swarming. Their so likely to swarm that one could probably lose almost their entire honey crop for each season. On the other hand it is more productive to lose honey than have to buy another package of bees. Oh and on a side question would a two queen rusian colony do very well?
Nathan G.
From Russia with hope
Reply #5 on:
May 07, 2005, 02:18:31 PM »
I'm certainly no expert, but I notice a mention of SIZE DIFFERENCE
In that article. I would think that small cells are helping to combat
the Varroa in the case of the Russian strain. I wonder, if you place a
Russian queen in a hive with large cell foundation, if the "resistanceâ€
might be compromised???
Pages: [
Go Up
« previous
next »
Beemaster's International Beekeeping Forum
From Russia with hope
Based on theme by
Simple Machines


text:
Women's Basketball Awaits New Challenges on 2013-14 Schedule
By Justin Grones (@JustinGrones)
GREEN BAY, Wis. (GreenBayPhoenix.com) – Now in the second year of his second stint as head coach of the Green Bay women's basketball program, Kevin Borseth has announced his squad's 2013-14 schedule. After finishing No. 24 in the final 2012-13 USA Today's Coaches poll and making a fifth-straight NCAA Tournament appearance, the Phoenix will face four opponents in 2013-14 for the first time in program history.
Included in those first-time matchups is a highly anticipated home contest on Wednesday, Dec. 18 when Purdue visits the Kress Center at 7 p.m. The Phoenix will look to pick up its ninth consecutive win against Big Ten opponents after dealing Wisconsin a 53-38 loss last season.
To view the 2013-14 schedule, click here.
Green Bay will kick off the 2013-14 season on Nov. 8 at home against Northern Illinois. Formerly coached by legendary Phoenix head coach Carol Hammerle, the Huskies are led by Kathi Bennett, daughter of former men's basketball head coach Dick Bennett. With Northern Illinois' trip to the Kress Center, both Kathi and her brother Tony, the men's basketball program's all-time leading scorer, will bring their squads to Green Bay this year. Tony is the head men's basketball coach at Virginia, who will visit the Resch Center on Saturday, Dec. 7.
From there, the Phoenix heads east to visit St. Bonaventure, a team the Phoenix handled easily at home in a 61-42 victory last season. Mid-major power Duquesne, a second-round NIT team last season, will host Green Bay before the Phoenix travels to Vermont for its first tournament of the year. Green Bay will open the tournament against Siena before facing either North Florida or Vermont. A second tournament out east kicks off less than a week later as Green Bay heads to Maine to battle William & Mary and Maine on Nov. 29 and 30.
After six games in 30 days played away from home, Green Bay will kick off a tough three-game homestand against three NCAA Tournament teams from a year ago. The Phoenix will start the homestretch on Dec. 7 against South Dakota State, a team that finished 25-8 last season and made the 2013 NCAA Tournament as a No. 13 seed. Wichita State, a team Green Bay defeated 63-42 on the road last season, will travel to Green Bay on Dec. 15. Missing four starters from last season, the Shockers finished 24-10 in 2012-13 and received a No. 14 seed in the NCAA Tournament. The homestand ends on Dec. 18 as Purdue travels to the Kress Center for the first all-time meeting between the two schools. The Boilermakers are the reigning Big Ten Tournament Champions and made it to the Second Round of the 2013 NCAA Tournament as a No. 4 seed before falling to Louisville.
Green Bay will travel to Madison to face Wisconsin in the final nonconference road contest of the season. In a 53-38 win at home last season, the Phoenix held the Badgers to a program-worst 10 points in the first half. The nonconference portion of the 2013-14 schedule comes to an end on New Year's Day when Maine comes to Green Bay for the second meeting between the two squads of the season.
The Phoenix will open Horizon League play on Jan. 8 against UIC before hosting Milwaukee on Jan. 11. From there, the team heads to Ohio for a highly anticipated contest at Youngstown State. The Penguins, led by former Green Bay associate head coach John Barnes, finished second in the Horizon League last season. Also highlighting the Horizon League schedule will be a Jan. 30 matchup at Oakland in Green Bay's first contest against the Grizzlies as members of the Horizon League, and a Feb. 1 matchup at Detroit, now without post power Shareta Brown.
The 2013-14 campaign will begin with two home exhibition games, first against Division II St. Cloud State on Saturday, Oct. 26. First-year Green Bay assistant coach Megan Vogel spent the previous three seasons as an assistant coach and recruiting coordinator with the Huskies, which finished 19-9 last season. The second exhibition contest will be one week later when Northern Michigan comes to town on Nov. 2.
NEW FACES: Four brand new opponents await Green Bay on the 2013-14 schedule—Purdue, Duquesne, Siena and William & Mary. Should the Phoenix face North Florida in the Vermont Tournament, Green Bay will battle five teams for the first time this season. Currently 2-0 against the Grizzlies, Green Bay will also look to stay perfect against Oakland in the team's first season in the Horizon League.
TWICE THE FUN: For the third straight year, Green Bay will play a nonconference opponent twice in one year. After battling Maine on its home court on Nov. 30, the Phoenix will host the Black Bears on New Year's Day. Green Bay went 1-1 against Central Michigan last season and 2-0 against Toledo in 2011-12.
SOMETHING'S MISSING: For the first time since the 2005-06 season, Green Bay will not face Marquette as part of its nonconference schedule. The Phoenix erased a double-digit deficit on the Golden Eagles' home court last season en route to a 55-46 comeback victory. With Loyola's move to the Missouri Valley Conference effective this season, Green Bay won't battle the Ramblers for the first time since the 1993-94 season—around when many of the current players on the Phoenix roster were born.
For the latest and most up-to-date information on Green Bay Athletics, please visit GreenBayPhoenix.com.
Follow us on Twitter: @GBPhoenix , @GBPhoenixWBB and @JustinGrones.
Like Green Bay Women's Basketball and Green Bay Phoenix Athletics on Facebook.


text:
Click any word in a definition or example to find the entry for that word
a very short holiday which involves staying away from home for one night
'The number of people booking nano breaks has jumped 29 per cent in the past year, with some even prepared to travel as far as Moscow and Abu Dhabi for a one-night stay.'Metro 2009
'… leading booking site Hotels.com has seen a significant rise in searches for last minute short breaks – or nanobreaks – to many popular European destinations as cash-strapped British holidaymakers fight for the right for summer sun.'HotelNewsNow.com 17th August 2009
You don't want to bust your Yuletide budget, but as Christmas approaches you really feel the need to take a bit of time out before all that frantic festive activity kicks in. The solution? How about a nanobreak – the perfect window of opportunity to recharge your batteries without using up too much time or cash.
people often tend to see holidays as a right, rather than a luxury, so trimming them down to the bare minimum is one way to satisfy the determination to go away without spending too much money
If a minibreak is a short holiday for two or three days, a nanobreak goes one step further, condensing the holiday concept into one overnight stay. Though nanobreaks are usually taken closer to home, today's culture of regular and inexpensive air travel means that they might even be taken abroad, with destinations such as Venice, Rome and Marrakesh proving popular with British travellers, for example. Within the UK, the most popular locations for nanobreaks include Brighton, Bournemouth, Edinburgh and London.
The rise in popularity of nanobreaks is thought to be largely down to the economic climate. It seems that people often tend to see holidays as a right, rather than a luxury, so trimming them down to the bare minimum is one way to satisfy the determination to go away without spending too much money. A nanobreak is therefore yet another addition to the growing collection of economical ways to 'get away from it all', which in recent years has included the staycation (a holiday in which you stay at home and visit places near to where you live), the daycation (a day trip) and the paliday (a holiday staying with friends or family). Another recent development on the same theme is the minimoon, a blend of words minibreak and honeymoon used to describe a short, inexpensive honeymoon. It seems that financial pressures on newlyweds have led to a growing trend of short breaks as opposed to the conventional two weeks, though a minimoon is still more likely to be taken abroad.
On a related theme, it appears that we are now even feeling the need to take a breather from online as well as real-world interaction. Our growing fixation with social networking and all things electronic have respectively spawned the terms Twittercation, describing time out from microblogging on Twitter, and digital detox, a period of going 'cold turkey' on electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, MP3 players etc. Hmmm, now there's a thought … Maybe I'll go for the nanobreak instead!
The word nanobreak first hit the spotlight a couple of years ago in the context of research undertaken by Hotels.com, an online company specializing in reservations for hotels and other kinds of holiday accommodation. It's modelled on the earlier term minibreak, which also of course provides inspiration for the new expression minimoon.
The combining form mini- is a shortened form of the word miniature. The prefix nano- was first introduced in the late 1940s and is derived from the Greek word nanos meaning 'dwarf'. Nano- was initially restricted to use in scientific contexts and units of measurement (i.e. it denotes 'a billionth', e.g. nanosecond, nanometre), but over time has acquired a popular figurative sense of 'extremely small'.
Read last week's BuzzWord. Lappy.
This article was first published on 12th December 2011.
Open Dictionary
Dunning-Kruger effect
the phenomenon by which an incompetent person is too incompetent to understand his own incompetenceadd a word
More submissions
A must for anyone with an interest in the changing face of language. The Macmillan Dictionary blog explores English as it is spoken around the world today.global English and language change from our blog


text:
April 2017 Calendar April
February 15, 2017 | Images | No Comments|
Currently if you are looking for April 2017 Calendar April then here you can find the best ones. We have hundreds of thousands of new patterns and signs for the calendars of April month as the 4th month of the year when summer use to started with their glimpse. Look down below and you will witness the hundreds of new calendars.


text:
|Topic Review (Newest First)
|I have disconnected the 8 inch metal line that runs from the rubber line to the caliper and I am getting no fluid to this point when pushing the pedal. So I took the line off the proportioning valve and blew thru the line with an airline. This blew all the fluid and everything out of the lines and both lines at both wheels had air blowing out them. Reattached the line to the valve and pushed the brake pedal and still am not getting fluid to the back of the car. So since the valve is new the only other option is that the line from the MC to the valve is clogged, the MC needs to be bled again or it is defective.
unhooking the brake line at the master does nothing to indicate that fluid pressure is being passed to the rear calipers. It just shows the master is making pressure.
What you should do is loosen the brake line fitting at the calipers BEFORE the flex line to see if you get pressure there. Once you do, tighten it down and check it at the caliper end.
Chances are the old flex hoses are collapsed and blocked.
1980 Vette Brake problem
I am trying to fix the brakes on an 1980 Vette that had sat a while. When I got to it the master cylinder was bad and all the fluid and ran out the back of the master cylinder. So I replaced that, bench bled it, Started bleeding the brakes. Front bled out nicely and pedal started to respond. Got to the rear and could get no fluid out of the bleed screw. Also noticed the caliper was not moving. Unhooked the brake line to the master cylinder and was getting fluid to the caliper just not thru it. Removed both rear calipers and rebuilt them. Reinstalled on the car and now I am just getting a dribble of brake fluid to the calipers no pressure despite many many attempts at bleeding. Replaced the proportioning valve. Even blew the line out from the valve to the rear of the car with both lines unhooked to verify there is no abstruction. Ran out of brake fluid today. Tomorrow the only thing left is to verify the new master cylinder is pushing fluid out to the rear and blow thru that line down to the new proportioning valve. Am I missing anything?
|Posting Rules
You may post new threads
You may post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts
BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off


text:
Hungary has one female-only children's home, the Special Children's Home, and its director sadly commented she estimates about half the girls in the institution are into prostitution either part or full time. Those girls who go out to engage in prostitution and return, encourage other females to leave and try prostitution as a way of getting money and nice clothes.Anna B. Aczei, director of the institution, says prostitution is more prevalent now than in the 15 years she had been connected with the home. "It is like a cobweb, more and more girls get entangled in it. we don't have the tools to fight it." The girls are entranced by going to discos, buying jewelry, and getting new clothes which can not be matched by any children's home.
Her research suggests many girls were entangled in sexual promiscuity before they ever arrived at the home either by having a male relative sexually use them or witness continual sexual abuse of a mother. A high percent of the girls are of Roma background which ensures they were raised in poverty, had limited education opportunities, and encountered discrimination. A high percent of the girls quickly find a pimp who then assumes control over them physically, mentally and financially.


text:
Romantic Rose Teapot
Item #73888
Sale Price: $14.99
Original Price: $80.00
Availability: Out of stock. This item is no longer available for purchase.
- Description
- Reviews
Not Your Garden-Variety Vessel. Enhance the serenity and ritual of taking tea with this Romantic Rose Teapot. Made entirely in Italy, where beautiful tearooms are celebrated. High-fired ceramic. Dishwasher and microwave safe. Holds 4 cups. 6"h x 9"dia., including handles.
Museum Provenance
What can be more charming than spring dining in a garden setting? The idealistic accessories we offer—serving pieces to complement your table, wraps and jewelry to enhance your outfit—will let you entertain or be entertained with a rosy panache. These lovely items recall holdings from the ceramics and glass and costume collections of our National Museum of American History.
Every Smithsonian purchase will arrive with a museum provenance card explaining how it is adapted from or inspired by an object or objects in our collection.
View Size Chart


text:
'The truth is that the Sabres had a world-class star tending goal. He saved their derrieres night after night and put cash receipts in the club treasury via a baker's dozen playoff series.'
Archives for June 2002
Fans can't see Hasek's greatness through the red
DuRoss assures deal won't cause saber rattling
'DuRoss was approached by an investment bank firm and a group of wealthy individuals and was asked to head the group to purchase the Sabres and keep them in Buffalo. The P-Bruins owner has a lot of experience running sports franchises. He also owns the pro soccer league Rochester Rhinos and Major League Lacrosse's Rochester Rattlers. He began the process two weeks ago and is very serious about acquiring the Sabres. "It's partly done with community interest at heart," said DuRoss. "No one wants to see their professional sports team leave their town."'
Sabres are 'Hamister's to lose'
'While at least two other potential ownership groups have been identified – one that wants a team for Portland, Ore., and the other a Utica-based group that would keep the team in Buffalo – several sources said Hamister's group remains the team's most likely suitor.'
Otters GM advises buyers' group
'Sherry Bassin, the managing partner and general manager of the Erie Otters, has a reputation in NHL circles for successfully building hockey teams. That reputation is so solid, in fact, that Bassin's name has been associated with one of three groups of investors interested in buying the beleaguered Buffalo Sabres.'
Hamister lets Sabres know he's serious
'Hamister, CEO and founder of the Buffalo-based National Health Care Affiliates and owner of the Arena Football League Buffalo Destroyers, is not considered to have the financial resources to pursue the team on his own. As a result, he has also met with a series of unidentified investors that are expected to join him in buying the team.'
Hecht hopes he's found a home with Sabres
'" I don't want to prove it to anybody but myself that each year I can play a little better than the year before. I always have the motivation to become better."'
Chore of trying to bring back veteran players begins
'It is uncertain whether Gratton, Varada or Warrener will take the arbitrtation route. None is coming off a particularly outstanding statistical campaign, although Warrener did score a career-high five goals.'
Sabres re-sign McKee, Brown; retain rights to eight others
'The Sabres have until Sunday to re-sign three veterans — enforcer Rob Ray and defenseman James Patrick and Richard Smehlik — eligible to become unrestricted free agents. Smehlik has already suggested that he will pursue free agency, and considers it unlikely that he will re-sign with the Sabres.'
Sabres pick up options on C Brown and D McKee
'Buffalo extended qualifying offers to right wings Jeremy Adduono, Maxim Afinogenov and Vaclav Varada; centers Tim Connolly, Chris Gratton and Francois Methot; goaltenders Martin Biron and Mika Noronen; and defensemen Brian Campbell and Rhett Warrener.'
Billionaire Paul Allen targeting Sabres?
'Ch2 has learned from NHL sources that Allen, who also owns the NFL's Seattle Seahawks and NBA's Portland Trailblazers, has presented a "substantial" cash offer to purchase the troubled Sabres franchise, with the intention of moving the franchise to Portland Oregon after the 2002-2003 season.'
Utica man indicates interest in the Sabres
'"I believe we can improve on revenues. The idea is to do this with as little debt as possible."'
N.Y. officials offer to help with Sabres
'"We have met with and are in regular contact with the NHL and we are committed in doing everything we can to keep the Sabres in Buffalo," said Michael Marr, spokesman for the Empire State Development Corporation. "To that end, this week we met with a potential buyer committed to keeping the team in Buffalo." Marr said the meeting took place in Buffalo earlier this week, but would not disclose the topics discussed during the meeting or the identity of the prospective buyer.'
P-Bruins owner mulls possibility of purchasing the NHL's Sabres
'DuRoss wouldn't reveal who has approached him other than to say he's been contacted by an investment banking firm and other people with ties to western New York.'
Local businessman considering Sabres bid
\'\"I believe you can turn a profit operating the Buffalo Sabres at HSBC Arena. Buffalo is a strong hockey market.\"\'
Tough call on when to retire No. 39
'Now that Hasek has proved to be a man of his word by retiring from the NHL after helping Detroit win the 2002 Stanley Cup, I am more convinced than ever that his request to be traded by the Sabres to a championship contender was reasonable and appropriate.'


text:
"I bought this glove for my son. It is a great value considering the quality of the glove. I have been buying Rawlings gloves for over 3 decades, and they are still number one in my mind..." (E100220)
"Fit good. Nice and comfy. Perfect for summer time and my daughters cheer " (E16609)
"We LOVE these pants, the fabric is the best. Lightweight, but not cheap. " (E19755)
Epic Sports
Markwort Combo Pump & Tee [E12683]


text:
Kurtz claimed he "didn't see anyone reporting that Obama wanted to invade Pakistan"
In the August 8 edition of his column [1], Washington Post media critic Howard Kurtz noted Sen. Barack Obama's (D-IL) August 6 statement [2] that he "never called for an invasion of Pakistan" in his August 1 foreign policy speech [3] and that "the misreporting that was done needs to be cleared up." Kurtz described Obama as "blaming the media" and responded: "I sure didn't see anyone reporting that Obama wanted to invade Pakistan." Kurtz continued: "I read that he would be willing to conduct raids against al-Qaeda without necessarily getting permission from Pakistan's sovereign government." In fact, numerous media outlets have reported that Obama, in the August 1 speech, stated that he was willing to "invade Pakistan."
During the speech, Obama asserted that "If we have actionable intelligence about high-value terrorist targets [in Pakistan] and President [Pervez] Musharraf won't act, we will," but he did not elaborate on the nature of this action:
OBAMA: As president, I would make the hundreds of millions of dollars in U.S. military aid to Pakistan conditional, and I would make our conditions clear: Pakistan must make substantial progress in closing down the training camps, evicting foreign fighters, and preventing the Taliban from using Pakistan as a staging area for attacks in Afghanistan.
I understand that President Musharraf has his own challenges. But let me make this clear. There are terrorists holed up in those mountains who murdered 3,000 Americans. They are plotting to strike again. It was a terrible mistake to fail to act when we had a chance to take out an Al Qaeda leadership meeting in 2005. If we have actionable intelligence about high-value terrorist targets and President Musharraf won't act, we will.
And Pakistan needs more than F-16s to combat extremism. As the Pakistani government increases investment in secular education to counter radical madrasas, my administration will increase America's commitment. We must help Pakistan invest in the provinces along the Afghan border, so that the extremists' program of hate is met with one of hope. And we must not turn a blind eye to elections that are neither free nor fair -- our goal is not simply an ally in Pakistan, it is a democratic ally.
During an August 6 campaign appearance [2] in Iowa, an audience member asked Obama about his Pakistan comments, and Obama responded, "The misreporting that was done needs to be cleared up. I never called for an invasion of Pakistan."
Despite Kurtz's suggestion to the contrary, numerous media outlets reported that Obama said he intended or was willing to "invade" Pakistan, including ABC News, CBS News, several major newspapers, MSNBC, Fox News, and columns in The Weekly Standard and the New York Post.
Network news broadcasts
- During the August 1 edition of ABC's Good Morning America, reporting on "some exclusive excerpts and comments" from Obama's speech obtained by ABC News, senior national correspondent Jake Tapper asserted that "Obama will make extraordinary remarks about what he would do to combat terrorism, going so far as to invade Pakistan." In response to Obama's August 6 remarks regarding the media coverage of his speech, Tapper acknowledged in an August 7 post [4] on his "Political Punch" blog that Obama did not use the word "invade" in the August 1 speech. In the blog post, Tapper reported that had emailed ABC News national security analyst Anthony H. Cordesman to determine whether "the media (and I) overstate[d] the case by using the term 'invade.' " Tapper wrote that Cordesman, "told me that Obama is correct, what he's talking about militarily would not be considered an invasion." During the August 1 Good Morning America segment, an on-screen caption read: "Would Obama Invade Pakistan? Stronger Stance Than White House." As Media Matters for America has documented [5], President Bush has in fact said alternately within a five-day period in September 2006 that he would respect Pakistan's sovereignty and that he "absolutely" would go after Al Qaeda in Pakistan if necessary even over Pakistan's objections.
- On the August 5 edition of ABC's World News Sunday, ABC News correspondent John Berman reported that during the August 5 Republican presidential debate, there was "general scorn for the Democrats, particularly Barack Obama and his recent comments that he would meet with controversial foreign leaders and be willing to invade Pakistan to fight terrorism." Berman's statement was rebroadcast on the August 6 edition of Good Morning America.
- On the August 1 edition of CBS Evening News, CBS News Capitol Hill correspondent Sharyl Attkisson asserted that during Obama's speech, he said he would "possibly even invade the U.S. ally Pakistan."
- On the August 5 edition of CBS' Face the Nation, host Bob Schieffer claimed that in Obama's speech, he said that "if he discovered there were high-value targets in that area, in what has become this safe haven, and Pakistan wasn't willing to do anything about it, he would invade Pakistan and do something about it." Schieffer then asked Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, "What's your reaction to that?"
Major newspapers
- In an August 2 article [6] on Obama's speech, the Los Angeles Times reported that Obama said that "the United States should reserve the right to invade the territory of its Pakistani allies and withdraw U.S. financial aid if it believed Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf was failing to do enough to stop terrorists."
- The New York Post reported [7] August 2 that Obama "warned yesterday that he would use American forces to invade U.S. ally Pakistan if its leaders weren't doing enough to catch terrorists on their soil."
- An August 3 article [8] in The Washington Times reported that during his speech, Obama "said he would invade an ally, Pakistan, if its leaders are not helpful enough in the war on terror."
- On the August 1 edition of Fox News' Special Report, Roll Call executive editor Morton M. Kondracke asserted that with regard to Pakistan, Obama's speech was "Bush-heavy." He continued: "This is willingness to invade another country."
- On the August 3 edition of Fox News' The Big Story, host John Gibson said that "Obama suggested we invade Pakistan, this week. He's a loser."
- On the August 4 edition of Fox News' The Beltway Boys, Kondracke said that Obama is "not ready for prime time" because he "declared that he might invade the territory of an ally, Pakistan."
- On the August 6 edition of Fox News' Hannity & Colmes, co-host Sean Hannity [9] claimed that Obama "made a rookie mistake" by saying "I'll invade an ally." After co-host Alan Colmes noted that Obama "didn't really say it quite that way," Hannity asserted: "No, he actually did." Colmes replied, "He said that if we have actionable intelligence and Musharraf does not act, I will then take action." Colmes concluded: "[T]here's a little more nuance than I think has been presented in the media."
- On the August 2 edition of MSNBC's Tucker, former congressman and Win Without War [10] national director Tom Andrews (D-ME) stated that Obama "said he would take action. What does that mean? Does that mean he's going to invade Pakistan? I don't think so." Host Tucker Carlson responded, "That's what he said. ... He's going to send troops. What's the difference between sending troops and invading? Umm, let's see, nothing."
- In his August 3 New York Post column [11], John Podhoretz wrote that in his August 1 speech, Obama "basically promised that, as president, he would invade Pakistan."
- In his August 3 column [12], New York Post D.C. bureau chief Charles Hurt reported that "in a prepared speech, Obama publicly threatened to invade Pakistan, a key -- and already teetering -- ally in the war on terror" [emphasis in original].He referred to this as a "diplo-disaster."
- In an August 13 editorial in The Weekly Standard, currently available [13] online, editor William Kristol wrote that July "ended in retreat" for opponents of the Iraq war, in part because during his August 1 speech, "Barack Obama, losing ground to Hillary Clinton because he seemed naive about real world threats, frantically suggest[ed] that he would invade Pakistan."
From Kurtz's August 8 Washington Post column:
Obama is now blaming the media, according to Politico [2]:
"When Obama's big terrorism speech last week made headlines for its threat of military action in Pakistan, and won plaudits for its meatiness and detail, I wondered whether the main impression America would get from it would be that he's a fresh voice on foreign policy; or that he wants to invade Pakistan.
"Judging from two appearances in Western Iowa yesterday, the latter seems to have come across pretty clearly. Obama responded with criticism of the media, and an extended restatement of his five-part plan, after the second question, in Sioux City 'in regards to the invasion of Afghanistan and Pakistan.'
"'The misreporting that was done needs to be cleared up,' Obama said. 'I never called for an invasion of Pakistan.' "
I sure didn't see anyone reporting that Obama wanted to invade Pakistan. I read that he would be willing to conduct raids against al-Qaeda without necessarily getting permission from Pakistan's sovereign government. Mitt Romney did say, with great hyperbole, at Sunday's debate that Obama was going to "bomb our allies," but I don't think you can blame that on the press.
From the August 6 edition of Fox News' Hannity & Colmes:
HANNITY: You know what's fascinating about this, and if we can get -- if we get Frank -- hang on, we'll hopefully get you back here. I think it's very interesting to me that Barack Obama, in my opinion, exposed his real inexperience here, though, last week.
It all started with the YouTube debate. The next day, [Sen.] Hillary [Rodham Clinton (D-NY)] says he's naive and irresponsible on foreign affairs, because he'd sit down without preconditions with [Cuban President Fidel] Castro and [Iranian President Mahmoud] Ahmadinejad and [North Korean Leader] Kim Jong-Il, and fascinating to me, he's got to bolster up those credentials. In other words, he reacted to her, and then he came out with -- I think he made a novice mistake -- I'll invade an ally, which was foolish.
COLMES: Well, he didn't really say it quite that way, Sean.
HANNITY: No, he actually did.
COLMES: He said that if we have actionable intelligence and Musharraf does not act, I will then take action. He was not his - as [Former Gov. Mitt] Romney [R-MA] said, "I'm going to bomb them. I'm going to go after the ally." And there's a little more nuance than I think has been presented in the media.
From the August 6 edition of ABC's Good Morning America:
GEORGE STEPHANOPOULOS (guest host): We're gonna get to the frontrunner in Iowa in just a minute, that's Mitt Romney. But right now, but first, we're gonna go to ABC's John Berman for a wrap-up of the debate. He was out there in Iowa with us yesterday.
ROMNEY [video clip]: Thank you. Thank you again.
BERMAN: The candidates thundered through Iowa after their stormy morning debate. The Republican targets were wide and varied. A favorite was Democrat Barack Obama and his recent comments that he would meet with controversial foreign leaders and be willing to invade Pakistan to fight terrorism.
From the August 5 edition of ABC's World News Sunday:
BERMAN: When Romney first ran for office in 1994, he did take a pro-choice position, but now, he says, he is pro-life and sick of apologizing for his past.
ROMNEY [video clip]: And I get tired of people who are holier than thou, because they've been pro-life longer than I have.
BERMAN: There was general support for the troop surge in Iraq and general scorn for the Democrats, particularly Barack Obama and his recent comments that he would meet with controversial foreign leaders and be willing to invade Pakistan to fight terrorism.
From the August 5 edition of CBS' Face the Nation:
SCHIEFFER: Well, Senator Obama said the other day one of the things that needs to be done, and that he would do were he the president, he said if he discovered there were high-value targets in that area, in what has become this safe haven, and Pakistan wasn't willing to do anything about it, he would invade Pakistan and do something about it. What's your reaction to that?
From the August 4 edition of Fox News' The Beltway Boys:
KONDRACKE: Welcome back to The Beltway Boys. Let's take a look at the "Ups and Downs" for the week. Down: Barack Obama. He's given more ammunition to critics who say that he's inexperienced in foreign policy. He made a big speech on terrorism this week, and here's part of it.
OBAMA [video clip]: Just because the president misrepresents our enemy does not mean that we do not have enemies. When I'm president, we will wage the war that has to be won.
KONDRACKE: That was the good news. I mean, he agrees with President Bush that the United States has terrorist enemies and that we've got to fight them. Where he showed that he's not ready for prime time is that he up front declared that he might invade the territory of an ally, Pakistan, which of course the president of Pakistan, Musharaff, denounced. And, you know, it's gonna make it all the harder to achieve what Obama says he wants, namely that Pakistan will develop according to a -- on a Democratic basis. And then he fumbled again when he ruled out that he would ever, ever use nuclear weapons under any circumstances involving people, involving civilians.
From the August 3 edition of Fox News' The Big Story:
GIBSON: Barack Obama suggested we invade Pakistan, this week. He's a loser.
KURT LONG (comedian): Yep. Yes, he is, not quite yet though, but I think he'll definitely be a loser in November, in about a year.
LONG: Yeah, I think that he'll be a definite loser, then.
From the August 2 edition of MSNBC's Tucker:
ANDREWS: Tucker, again, I think you're right, Matt [Continetti, Weekly Standard staff writer]. What did he actually say? He said he would take action. What does that mean? Does that mean he's going to invade Pakistan? I don't think so.
CARLSON: That's what he said.
ANDREWS: He was going to invade Pakistan?
CARLSON: He's going to send troops. What's the difference between sending troops and invading? Umm, let's see, nothing.
From the August 1 edition of the CBS Evening News:
ATTKISSON: Today Senator Barack Obama presented an aggressive plan to fight the war on terror, one of the toughest from a Democratic candidate so far.
OBAMA [video clip]: I will not hesitate to use military force to take out terrorists.
ATTKISSON: In a speech in Washington, Obama said as president he'd send two more brigades to Afghanistan and possibly even invade the U.S. ally Pakistan, where Al Qaeda terror camps are up and running.
From the August 1 edition of ABC's Good Morning America:
TAPPER: Good morning, Robin [Roberts, co-host]. Well, Senator Barack Obama will deliver a major address on terrorism this morning in Washington, D.C. And ABC News obtained some exclusive excerpts and comments that will no doubt be very controversial. Obama will make extraordinary remarks about what he would do to combat terrorism, going so far as to invade Pakistan.
From the August 1 edition of Fox News' Special Report:
KONDRACKE: Yeah, that's what I was going to get to.
I mean, if you were the president of United States, and you knew that Osama bin Laden was in a certain place, and you couldn't get Musharraf to do something about it, you very well might order a commando raid, or a pinpoint bombing, to do something.
But to announce -- you're a candidate, up front, we do not respect the sovereignty of an allied country that we're trying to get to do the right thing, and we are going to announce right now that we're going to go violate that country's sovereignty, with whatever the consequences might be for that leader, Musharraf, is totally irresponsible.
And, you know, I can't believe that the Democratic electorate out there -- and this is unilateralism on his part. It's Bush -- he accuses Hillary Clinton of being Bush-lite. This is Bush-heavy. This is willingness to invade another country.
- Network/Outlet
- The Washington Post [14]
- Person
- Howard Kurtz [15]
- Stories/Interests
- Barack Obama [16], 2008 Elections [17]


text:
Center on Disabilities
The Center on Disabilities (COD) is committed to the vision of an inclusive society where people of all abilities have the chance to achieve their goals and experience success. Through excellent training and research, we nurture learning and innovation to improve the world for people with disabilities.
COD sponsors assistive technology training programs to expand the awareness of professionals and introduce newcomers to the disability field, and hosts the largest international conference focused on the field of assistive technology.
News and Events
- Save the date for the 32nd CSUN Assistive Technology Conference:February 27 – March 4, 2017
Manchester Grand Hyatt Hotel
San Diego, California
- Volume 4 of the Journal on Technology & Persons with Disabilities is now available on CSUN ScholarWorks Open Access Repository (SOAR).
- The CSUN Assistive Technology Conference is now accepting nominations for the Strache Leadership Award!
- All Call for Papers for the 32nd CSUN Assistive Technology Conference have concluded.
- On October 22, 2015, the Center on Disabilities was proud to receive CSUN Oviatt Library's 2nd Annual Open Access Award.
- The Center on Disabilities (COD) is proud to announce that the third volume of the Journal on Technology & Persons with Disabilities (2015) is now available online.
- Updated Training Programs section and registration for ATACP training in 2016 are available.
- CSUN launches two new master's degrees in assistive technology.
What's New
- More at our blog.


text:
On golf courses and in lawns across the South and Southwest, bermudagrass is king. This creeping turfgrass is easily grown in most soils and provides a dense, uniform turf with good ability to withstand wear and tear. The most popular bermudas are common bermudagrass and hybrids between common and African bermudagrass.
Common bermudagrass is coarse-textured, but more drought-tolerant than hybrids. Another advantage is that it can be seeded. Look for quality seed, such as Scotts® Turf Builder® Bermudagrass, with improved varieties.
Softer, denser, and finer-textured than common bermudagrass, hybrid varieties are fast-growing, durable, heat-loving grasses. Hybrids are especially tolerant of low mowing heights, making them a favorite for golf courses, sports fields, and finely manicured home lawns in warm climates. However, they also require more sun, more water, and more frequent mowing. Hybrid bermudas should be mowed twice a week during their peak growth period in summer. Because they do not produce viable seed, hybrid bermudagrasses must be planted as sod, sprigs, or stolons.
Both common and hybrid bermudagrasses should be fed 4-6 times per year. Scotts® Southern Turf Builder® with 2% Iron is a good fertilizer choice; it feeds and strengthens Southern lawns to help withstand heat and drought. To help your bermudagrass lawn maintain its color during the hot summer months, water regularly and deeply.
Bermudagrass goes dormant when the temperature drops. Many golf courses and homeowners overseed with perennial ryegrass for the cooler months. This keeps the lawn nice and green instead of brown. The ryegrass dies off when the temperature climbs back up again, letting the bermudagrass take over.
Homeowners with bermudagrass lawns should be on the lookout for armyworms, mole crickets, and sod webworms and if necessary treat the lawn with appropriate controls. Dollar spot and spring dead spot may also appear and require fungicide treatment.


text:
800 University WaySpartanburg, SC 293031-864-503-5000
Online GivingQuick and secure online giving is available via our website.
Current GiftsCurrent gifts are gifts made in the prevailing fiscal year that the University may be able to utilize immediately. They are often called "outright" gifts or "immediate" gifts. Current gifts may be applied to help fund scholarships based upon academic credentials, financial need, or both. They may also benefit a specific department, school, college, or the library, etc. When you name a specific purpose or place to receive the benefit of your donation, it is referred to as a "restricted" gift. A current gift of $1,000 or more entitles a person to membership in the Gold Dome Society.
CashGifts of cash are the most common form of contribution to the USC Upstate Foundation. A gift of cash is easy to accomplish, and the gift is not subject to gift or estate taxation. A contribution postmarked in December is deductible for that tax year even if the University receives it in January, provided the account against which the check was written had sufficient funds to cover it in December.
Gifts of cash are fully deductible up to 50% of your adjusted gross income (AGI). If the cash gift exceeds 50% of your AGI in the year of the gift, the remaining amount of the gift may be carried over and used as a deduction for up to 50% of your AGI until the gift amount is exhausted or up to five years, whichever comes first. The gift amount is removed from your estate.
SecuritiesGifts of appreciated stocks or bonds have the same positive benefit to the University as a gift of cash--however, a gift of securities is usually more beneficial to you, the donor, than a gift of cash.
A gift of marketable securities which has been held longer than one year entitles the donor to charitable deduction of the full fair market value (FMV) of the securities. The FMV is determined by the average of the high and low sales prices of the stocks on the gift date. You may apply the gift as a deduction up to 30% of your adjusted gross income (AGI) in the case of securities, with the same five-year carry-over provision--and avoid gift and estate taxation, as with gifts of cash. In addition, you avoid paying any taxes on capital gains on the appreciation in the value of the securities. This can be a major benefit to you if you have held securities over a number of years and if they have grown in value.
Transfer of Securities
Real EstateThe rules for gifts of real estate are essentially the same as for gifts of securities. Any real estate may be donated. You receive a charitable deduction for the full fair market value of the unencumbered real estate. You may apply the deduction up to 30% of your AGI in the year of the gift with the five-year carry-over provision. You avoid capital gains taxes on the appreciation you have in the property. There are no gift taxes, and you have removed the property from your estate, thereby reducing your estate taxes.
Almost any type of real estate may be contributed: undeveloped land, farms, commercial buildings, vacation homes, or your residence.
Potential gifts of real estate are evaluated by the USC Upstate Foundation on a case-by-case basis before acceptance. The Foundation must consider insurance, environmental impact, maintenance, property tax liability, and other potential risk factors, including special tax provisions which apply to certain types of real estate.
Historically, rules pertaining to the charitable deduction for works of art have changed from year to year. Please check the current year's deduction before making any decisions. When the donor is the creator of a work of art, the donor's tax deduction is limited to the cost of creating the item donated.
Tangible Personal PropertyRare books, art, antiques, precious stones, gems, and coin or stamp collections, as well as equipment or other items which can be put to use immediately--such as computer equipment--are considered tangible personal property. These donated items must have been held for over a year. There are two main categories of tangible personal property:
1. items related to the University's purpose, and2. items not related to the University's purpose.
Gifts of related-use items allow the donor an income tax charitable deduction of the appraised value of the gift on the date of the gift (up to 30% of the donor's adjusted gross income with the five-year carry-over provision).
Gifts of unrelated items allow the donor a deduction only of the item's cost basis. Every potential gift item of tangible personal property is evaluated on an item-by-item basis by the University's Planned Giving Office to determine if it is related-use property. Please consider a gift of cash or securities to provide for the maintenance of special collections.
Bargain SalesBargain sales are sales of property, such as securities or real estate, to the USC Upstate Foundation for less than the full fair market value. A bargain sale consists of a sale portion and a gift portion. Usually, the University pays you an amount equal to your cost basis in the asset. This way you are able to recover your original investment. A portion of the appreciation of the asset is considered a gift to the University, and you receive a tax deduction for this amount. You will owe taxes only on the part of the gain attributable to the bargain sale. The gain to be recognized is determined by dividing the selling price to USC Upstate Foundation by the fair market value, then multiplying that result by the total gain in value.
Life Income GiftsA donor creates a Life Income Trust by transferring ownership of an asset to the USC Upstate Foundation.
To maximize tax benefits and provide for the enhancement of USC Upstate, donors typically transfer appreciated personal property and receive income for one or two lives, as elected. The benefit to the donor includes not having to realize capital gains taxes, providing for life income and receiving an immediate tax deduction. The University benefits from receiving the corpus of the Trust after the termination of the agreement.
Employer Matching GiftsMany companies agree to match or multiply donations made to the University by their employees. To enhance the value of your gift, contact your employer's personnel office about matching gift opportunities.
Make your gift to the Foundation online!
Vice Chancellor for University AdvancementDirector of the USC Upstate FoundationMeredith N. Brunen, Ed.D
Director of Development and Foundation ScholarshipsVacant
Director of Annual GivingStephen Frey
Director of Advancement ServicesYolanda Robinson
Director of Alumni RelationsJoshua Jones
Administrative AssistantSamantha Bauer
Financial Information
Current Annual Report
Additional Information
Foundation Board Members
Advancement Newsletter
Charitable Gift Annuity Calculator
Private Support for Public Ed.
Contact Us
USC UpstateAdministration Building800 University WaySpartanburg, SC 29303Phone: 864-503-5234Fax: 864-503-5264Email the Advancement Office
Faculty & Staff Directory
The University of South Carolina Upstate is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award baccalaureate and masters degrees. Contact the Commission on Colleges at 1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, Georgia, 30033 or call 404-679-4500 for questions about the accreditation of USC Upstate. Comments or Complaints?