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Collection Development Policy
Our goal is to provide material students need to complete their assignments, studies and explorations.
If we do not own the material or cannot provide electronic access to it, we can use document delivery, interlibrary loan or purchase it. Make suggestions about adding materials by contacting Kelly Jacobsma or completing the online form.
The Collection Development Policy will be revised as needed by the Collection Development Team, with the approval of the library director. Revision dates will be provided within each section of the policy.
Institutional Statement
Hope College is a distinguished and distinctive four-year, liberal arts, undergraduate college, affiliated with the Reformed Church in America. Its religious heritage is expressed through a dynamic Christian community of students and teachers vitally concerned with a relevant faith that changes lives and transforms society.
The curriculum offers Hope's students a variety of courses in 56 majors leading to a Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Science, or Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree. The college has long been known for outstanding pre-professional training. Each year many graduates go on to further study in the leading graduate and professional schools in this country and abroad; others directly enter professions.
Hope College is accredited by the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, the American Chemical Society, the National Association of Schools of Art and Design, the National Association of Schools of Music, the National Association of Schools of Theatre, the National Association of Schools of Dance, the National League for Nursing, the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, the Council on Social Work Education, and other agencies.
Last Revised October 2007
Library Mission
The mission of the library is to serve as a vibrant center of intellectual and cultural life at Hope College by assuming a significant educational role in a college community committed to excellence in learning and teaching.
To support that mission, the library will collect, organize, and provide access to information sources that support the college's undergraduate liberal arts curriculum, and the intellectual, cultural, and spiritual growth of the Hope community.
Primary Clientele
As a college library, our primary clientele are the students, faculty, and staff of Hope College. Purchase suggestions from the wider community will be considered.
- Student Research
Hope College is an undergraduate institution. As such, the resources to provide research materials are limited. However, the library will attempt to collect and provide access to those materials that support undergraduate research conducted at the college. The library will supplement its collections with interlibrary loan and document delivery services.
- Faculty Research
The available financial resources will necessarily limit support of faculty research. The library will endeavor to provide relevant bibliographic tools so that faculty who are conducting research may be able to identify the materials needed to complete their work. Access to materials the library does not own will be provided through interlibrary loan and document delivery services.
Last Revised October 2007
Intellectual Freedom
The library generally follows the intellectual freedom guidelines as articulated by the American Library Association (see Intellectual Freedom Principles for Academic Libraries). The library will seek to develop and provide access to a collection of materials — both print and electronic — representing a diversity of views. The library will ensure that the balance of the collection is maintained through preservation and replacement.
We also subscribe to the Library Bill of Rights.
Last Revised October 2007
Despite the quality of the selection process, occasional objections to library materials may be made.
- All complaints to staff members shall be reported to the library director, whether received by telephone, letter, or in personal conversation.
- The director shall contact the complainant to discuss the complaint and attempt to resolve it informally by explaining the philosophy and goals of the library and the nature of the materials selection process.
- If the complaint is not resolved informally, the complainant shall be supplied with written information on the library's instructional goals and objectives, on the materials selection policy, and on the procedure for handling objections. This will include a printed form which must be completed and returned before further consideration will be given to the complaint.
- If the formal request for reconsideration has not been received by the director within two weeks, it shall be considered closed. If the request is returned, the reasons for selection of the specific work shall be re-established by the appropriate library staff.
- Questioned materials shall remain on the shelves pending a final decision.
- The library director, having received a completed objection form, will bring the issue before the bi-weekly meeting of the college librarians for their advice.
- The library director shall notify the complainant of the decision in writing.
- If the complainant is still not satisfied, he or she may ask the library director to present an appeal to the Library Committee, which shall make a final determination of the issue.
See the Challenge Form for Challenges to Library Resources.
Cooperative Collection Development
The library endeavors to develop its collections in cooperation with other libraries to limit duplication of effort and resources. Van Wylen Library seeks partners for cooperative collection development agreements to expand access for the academic community while being a good steward of the college's resources. Journal titles and monographs which are requested via Interlibrary Loan will be considered for purchase.
- Western Theological Seminary
The library staff pays particular attention to cooperative collection development with Western Theological Seminary. Van Wylen Library maintains its own religion collection to support undergraduate work. However, the college may legitimately rely on the theological collections of the seminary to support advanced research needs.
Van Wylen Library duplicates some materials held by the seminary, but efforts are made to avoid duplicating expensive reference works, specialized works, standing orders, and selected journal subscriptions. Decisions to duplicate materials held by the seminary are made on an individual basis.
The library participates in the Grand Rapids Area Union List of Serials (GRAULS). Members work together to maintain and share individual journal titles.
- Michigan Library Consortium
The library is a member of the Michigan Library Consortium (MLC), the vendor of OCLC services in the state. MLC negotiates group purchases of materials and services from various vendors. The library works closely with MLC to take advantage of discount offers, especially of electronic databases.
- MeL
The Michigan eLibrary, MeL, is a project of the Library of Michigan in contract with the Michigan Library Consortium. Through MeL, the library has access to a variety of databases and MeLCat, a statewide resource sharing project.
- Oberlin Group
The Oberlin Group is a loose consortium of 75 college libraries which has negotiated a number of significant group purchase agreements. The Oberlin Group has established beneficial cooperative borrowing and lending agreements among its members.
- Occupational Information
The library cooperates with Career Services in supporting the needs for occupational information. There will be overlap in materials collected (résumé, cover letter, and interview preparation) and possible overlap in particular titles. The library is willing to acquire access to databases and indexes that provide information on career opportunities. Resources concerning specific companies should first meet the selection criteria for supporting the curriculum. Test preparation guides for professional certification or entrance examinations for graduate schools (e.g., AICPA, GRE, MCAT, NCLEX-RN) will be selectively collected. Often, a copy will be placed on permanent reserve while another copy (not necessarily the same title but same exam) will be placed in Reference.
Last Revised October 2007
Collection responsibilities at the Hope College Libraries have historically been decentralized. The Library Director, the Head of Technical Services, the Head of Public Services, and the Collection Development Team share oversight of various collection responsibilities. The Humanities Librarian has special responsibilities for administering the National Endowment for the Humanities funds. Selection of materials is a joint responsibility of library faculty and classroom faculty at the college.
- Library Liaisons
Hope College Libraries rely heavily on classroom faculty for the selection of materials to be added to their sections in the collection. Each department appoints a faculty member as a library liaison to oversee the selection of materials by their department. Ideally the liaisons have been teaching at Hope College for a few years before taking on this task so they have a working knowledge of the library and its collections. Also, the liaisons encourage their colleagues to submit orders and review them, helping to build a balanced collection. Each department is given a portion from the library's book budget to spend, which they allocate within their departments in a variety of ways.
- Library Representatives
Librarians act as library representatives to the departments and are available to help the liaisons in the selection of materials. The representatives may meet with liaisons and attend department meetings to help build a good relationship with the department. The representatives serve as contact persons for the department members when they have questions or suggestions regarding the library.
From a collection development perspective, this program is a vital way for librarians and classroom faculty to work together to develop the library's collection. It allows a formalized mechanism for librarians to consult with faculty about a number of collection development issues such as weeding, evaluation of the journal collection, and changes in the curriculum.
General Collection Guidelines
To support a progressive undergraduate liberal arts curriculum, the library collects materials on all geographical areas of the world and covering all time periods. Items for the collection will be purchased primarily in the English language and languages which support the modern and classical language curriculum. Normally we will not collect the following:
- Materials aimed at high school or younger audiences, except for items in the Curriculum Library
- Highly specialized, research-level materials, which may be accessed more cost effectively through interlibrary loan
- Pamphlets and ephemeral materials
- Textbooks (unless written by Hope College faculty or included in the Curriculum Library's textbook collection for K–12 education)
- Popular fiction and non-fiction more suitable for a public library, with the notable exception of materials in the Browsing Collection
Policy for Previewing Materials
Non-reference library materials which are suggested for purchase and cost more than $500 will be ordered for preview if possible or requested through MeL. Acquisitions staff will notify the library representative responsible for that individual department's request. The library representative will work with the faculty member regarding the request and previewing procedures. If previewing is not possible, then the materials will not be cataloged and processed until they have been examined by the selector. Once the materials are received by the library, the selector will be notified. The selector will then determine whether or not the materials meet their needs and expectations for use. Once the decision has been made, the materials will either be cataloged and processed or returned to the vendor. If the materials are not previewed by the selector in a timely manner, the materials will be returned unless other arrangements are made.
$500 will serve as a guideline since there might be materials that cost less we might want to preview and there might be materials costing more which we would not need to preview.
General Selection Criteria
- Relevance to curriculum
- Appropriateness for our primary clientele (language, format, audience, reliability, etc.)
- Favorable reviews in the professional literature
- Recommendations by subject bibliographies/lists
- Author/publisher reputation
- Cost
- Condition
- Relationship to items currently in the collection
- Importance to a field of study/discipline
- Organization, indexing, scope, currency and accuracy
The library collects gifts that complement and expand the existing collection. Gifts for the circulating collection should support the curriculum of the college and generally follow the criteria for selection stated elsewhere in this document. Gifts are also the primary source of items for the Rare, Heritage, and other special collections.
The library will not accept as gifts:
- Textbooks
- Outdated material
- Items in poor condition (including over marking or material that has been underlined)
- Materials already in the collection
- Paperback novels
- Popular general interest magazines
- Academic journals unless they fill a gap in the collection
- Modern Bibles published after 1900 unless of unusual quality
- Music scores that are accessible electronically
- Vinyl records and cassette tapes
- Hope College does not accept gifts simply for the purpose of resale or other disposal
The library reserves the right to review gifts to ensure that they are suitable for the collection and retains the right to refuse gifts that do not meet the needs of the collection or the curriculum.
"To insure maximum accessibility of library resources, restrictions regarding shelving access, or processing of gifts are not normally accepted. Once accepted, gift materials become the property of the college. The library reserves the right to dispose of gift materials in whatever manner best serves the interest of the college and the library. This means that unless otherwise arranged with the donor, and confirmed by the library in writing, books will be added to the collection, sold, or otherwise disposed of as appropriate." (Adapted from: Oberlin College Policy on Accepting Gifts)
See Weeding Criteria and Guidelines.
A Donation Form should be filled out for all gifts, no matter how small.
Last Revised September 2009
Out-of-Print Material
When titles are determined to be out of print, the request will be passed on to the library representative for initial review to determine if a search should be initiated. The representative can choose to return the request to acquisitions, asking for a search to be initiated, or return the request to the departmental library liaison for final review. In either case, if an out-of-print search is requested, the representative or liaison should indicate the maximum price that should be paid for each item before resubmitting the order to acquisitions.
Requests for out-of-print material selected from dealers' catalogs should be expedited to the Acquisitions Department accompanied by the catalog. Often the dealer has only one copy of each title, and these items are quickly sold.
Faculty Publications
The purpose of this collection is to make publications by the faculty available for
use by the community. The library maintains the Cumulative Bibliography of Publications
by Hope College faculty. It, rather than the Faculty Publications Collection, serves
as a more complete record of the scholarship of the Hope College faculty.
The library seeks to obtain and keep any book by any Hope author (active and emeriti) including text books; edited works; novels; collected works of essays, poems, stories, etc. (by the faculty member); collected works with more than one Hope author; laboratory manuals; guides; computer programs; translations; bibliographies published separately; multi-media shows; video recordings; audio recordings; etc. Items in the Faculty Publications Collection will not circulate and will not be weeded.
Case-by-Case Decisions
One copy of works for which a faculty member is the editor or contributor may be purchased and added to the collection if appropriate for the curriculum. Series edited by and software designed by Hope faculty will similarly be purchased and added to the collection if appropriate.
The library will not normally purchase books or individual issues of a journal with single poems, essays, or stories by a faculty member. The library may accept gifts from the faculty member of such items for compilation of the annual Bibliography of Faculty Publications and eventual retention in the archives.
Decisions concerning the purchase of a second copy of a faculty publication for the library's circulating collection will be made on a case-by-case basis using the general selection criteria.
If a faculty publication is lost, stolen, or damaged, a decision concerning its replacement will also be made on a case-by-case basis.
Last Revised March 2010
Material Formats Collected
The libraries are interested in collecting all information formats that are appropriate for the subject matter or for addition to its permanent collection. Equipment to use each format type must also be maintained. In practice, some formats of materials cannot be adequately handled or are poor investments of library funds. Presently the libraries routinely acquire these formats:
- Books
- Language material (printed books) including textbooks only when they are for elementary or secondary education, or when they have been written by Hope College faculty
- Manuscript language material (hand-written books) – through gift only
- Projected Medium – DVDs (preferred format) and VHS videocassettes
- Two-dimensional Nonprojected Graphic (Microfiche and Microfilm)
- Three-dimensional Nonprojected Graphic (Tools for elementary and secondary education: realia, puppets, manipulatives)
- Kits, primarily as used in elementary and secondary education
- All DVDs should be Region One compatable.
- Cartographic material
- Manuscript Cartographic material – through gift only
- Printed Music
- Scholarly editions, intended for the study of music
- Performance editions, intended for use in the actual performance of music
- Manuscript Music
- Facsimile editions
- Archival materials (through gift only)
Last Revised September 2009
Material Formats Excluded
Certain formats are not currently acquired because the libraries lack the necessary
projecting, listening and/or reproduction devices, for example, 16 mm. films, laserdiscs,
and filmstrips.
Some materials are generally not acquired because they cannot be readily handled in a library setting:
- College-level programmed texts, workbooks, answer sheets, or standardized tests
- Periodical article reprints
- Ephemera, defined as printed items with little or no permanent value, such as pamphlets, posters, press releases, leaflets, newspaper clippings, and transcripts, is not collected.
- The UNESCO definition of a book is a collection of 49 or more printed pages. A collection of fewer than 49 printed pages is considered a pamphlet and hence is not collected. Common exceptions include children's books, music scores, plays, and art catalogs. Other exceptions may be made at the discretion of a librarian.
- Blu-ray.
Last Revised September 2009
Duplication of Materials
- Maximum Number of Copies
Normally the library maintains only one copy of each title. The maximum recommended number of copies for any location (including Reserves) is two.
- When Duplication is Acceptable
- When material is authored by a member of the Hope College faculty
- When material is about local history
- When branch libraries need duplication of major reference sources
- When material is heavily used.
- Audio-visual
If the libraries already own a title on VHS tape, request for the DVD version of the title will be considered if a reason exists for doing so, such as the inclusion of enhanced or added content in the DVD release, ease of use, general format flexibility, and content up-loading ability in accordance with fair use. Decisions regarding these purchases will be made by a librarian.
- Microform
If the libraries already hold a title in microform, paper copies should not be purchased unless special need can be demonstrated. Items available in the Library of American Civilization microform collection may be purchased in paper copy format.
- Electronic Books
Items available as electronic books may be purchased in paper copy format.
- Reserve Material
One copy meets the needs of reserve usage for the normal class of 20–30 students. Some faculty place multiple copies of items they own on reserve.
- Serials
The high cost of purchasing and maintaining serials requires that duplication of these may occur only in unusual circumstances.
Last Revised September 2009
Variant Editions
- Abridged Editions
Unabridged editions are preferred over abridged editions. However, when the original unabridged edition is no longer available, or if the abridged edition has literary value, an abridged edition may be considered for purchase.
- Bibliographic Equivalents
The library will only purchase one imprint of a book if it is published simultaneously in more than one place (for example, British and U.S. editions). If a new edition or foreign edition varies substantially, it may be considered for purchase.
- Paperbacks
Hardback books are preferred, but due to price differences, paperbacks are frequently selected. Mass market paperback purchase is discouraged, unless it is the only available edition.
- Reprint Editions
A reprint edition of a monograph is a new printing with substantially unchanged text. When selecting a reprint as the primary copy, several factors are considered:
- Price
- Content
- Reputation of the publisher
- Archival quality of paper
- Specific edition requested
- Spiral/Looseleaf Bindings
Hardcover editions are preferred for purchase. However, if a spiral or looseleaf binding is the only available format, it may be purchased.
- Translations
Translations from foreign languages into English may be purchased.
Last Revised October 2007
Standing Orders/Continuation Service
Standing order lists should be reviewed regularly for continued relevance to the library collection, because the needs of the collection can change, or a series can change its focus over time. Each academic department should review their standing orders, and the librarians should review general standing orders annually.
Standing orders take several forms. They can be:
- Monographic series, published regularly and indefinitely
- Monographic series, published irregularly and indefinitely
- Monographic series of a fixed number of volumes
- Continuations
- Congress/Conference/Symposium proceedings
- All the books published by a specific publisher
- Monographic Series
A monographic series is a group of monographs, usually related to one another in subject, issued in succession, normally by the same publisher and in uniform style with a collective title. When the series lacks a consistent numbering system, its parts should be considered monographs.
- Continuations
A continuation is a serial publication issued regularly in a frequency of less than twice a year, including annuals, biennials, etc. The library selectively acquires continuations that fill an ongoing need for information. Purchasing continuations periodically saves resources but remembering when to order a new edition may be difficult. Certain vendors allow orders of every other or every third edition when establishing standing orders.
- Congress/Conference/Symposium Proceedings
Published proceedings of domestic or international congresses, conferences, and symposia will be collected when appropriate by subject matter. Publications containing programs with abstracts will be collected only if the published proceedings are not available. Publications containing only a list of participants will not be collected.
- All books published by a specific publisher:
We occasionally subscribe to plans through which we recieve all of a publisher's titles. These items are subject to the usual standards for retention and withdrawal.
Last Revised October 2007
Approval Plans
The Van Wylen Library has book approval plans from publishers such as ALA (American Library Association) and MENC (Music Educators National Conference). From time to time, the library evaluates whether or not slip approval plans with book vendors may benefit particular disciplines.
A serial is a publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical
or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. Serials include
periodicals; newspapers; annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.); the journals, memoirs,
proceedings, transactions, etc., of societies; and numbered monographic series. The
library selectively purchases a wide range of serial publications.
Serials serve as a major source of current information in many academic disciplines and complement the library's book collection. Because each periodical title involves a prospective long-term commitment of funds, and because of the increasing cost of periodical subscriptions, acquisition of new periodical titles requires serious consideration.
Development of the periodicals collection is a cooperative activity involving faculty and librarians, with final selection responsibility belonging to the librarians.
- General Serial Selection Guidelines
The primary criterion used to evaluate and select a serial subscription is the title's support of the educational program of the college. Efforts should be made to achieve a balance among the various departments in ordering serials, keeping in mind the differential reliance upon serial publications and their varying costs.
Other considerations are:
- Accessibility through indexing and abstracting services
- Subscription price
- Availability through interlibrary loan or other document delivery services
- Use statistics (in-house use and interlibrary loan requests)
- Holdings of comparable and/or regional educational institutions
- Presence on a core-titles list for a department or an accrediting agency
- Appropriateness for the level of study of the subject at the college
- Positive reviews in professional literature
- Serials with Hope College staff as editors or with other affiliations
The collection will be examined regularly in order to evaluate its continued adherence to the above considerations.
To initiate a request for a serials subscription, the requester must complete the Request for Serials Subscription Form. Specific requirements and procedures are indicated on the request form.
- Types of Serials
- Periodicals
A periodical is a serial appearing or intended to appear indefinitely at regular or stated intervals, generally more frequently than annually, each issue of which is numbered or dated consecutively and normally contains separate articles, stories or other writings. The library selectively collects periodicals in core and related subject areas. Because of the complexity of the selection process, specific criteria and procedures are provided in "General Serial Selection Guidelines" (above).
- Newsletters
A newsletter is a serial consisting of one or a few printed sheets containing news or information of interest chiefly to a special group. When substantive articles begin to outnumber news items, the title is generally considered a periodical. The library generally discourages the collecting of newsletters because of their limited audiences, lack of indexing and temporary nature. Newsletters are usually routed to academic departments.
- Newspapers
The library maintains current subscriptions to major national and international newspapers as well as to local and regional papers. Most newspapers are retained for approximately three months. The only newspaper titles permanently retained in print are Hope College publications. Electronic access is maintained for a large number of national and international titles.
The library subscribes to newspapers to support the educational program of the college, and to support current awareness of activities in the West Michigan area. Effort is made to build a collection that balances geographic coverage and a variety of viewpoints. Selection criteria include availability of indexing and cost.
- Periodicals
- Serial Format Selection Guidelines
- Electronic
In order to maximize access and minimize space constraints, the library subscribes to serial publications electronically if the electronic version of a title may be obtained through a stable, cost-efficient source.
Scholarly journals that directly support the Hope College curriculum will be converted to an electronic format as long as access to journal content is deemed acceptable and cost effective. Whenever possible, a commitment to archival access is desirable.
Some examples of accessing original content through acceptable electronic formats include but are not limited to:
- Access via the publishers website or an archival full-image aggregator such as JStor is preferred but access via a full-text database such as Gale OneFile may be acceptable.
- Full image in pdf format is preferred but full-text may be acceptable.
- Access to entire contents of a journal is preferred. Access to selected articles from a journal is not acceptable in most cases.
Determination of using full-image vs. full-text will be made on a case by case basis depending on subject area requirements.
- Print
The purpose of our current print periodical collection is to support current awareness and trends in all disciplines. We will purchase print formats using the following guidelines:
- The content is general interest and representative of a discipline.
- The periodical is not available in an acceptable electronic format.
- The cost of the electronic format is too prohibitive.
- Serial Microform
Decisions to purchase microform are made by the librarians on a title-by-title basis. The following considerations contribute to that decision:
- Publication frequency
- Periodical is primarily text, with few illustrations
- Illustrations, graphs and charts are easily reproduced on microform
- Titles that cannot be bound due to heavy use in print
- Titles that are not available electronically
- Titles that are too expensive to purchase in print
- The print format does not lend itself to binding
- Electronic
Last Revised June 2009
Electronic Resources
In this document "electronic resources" refers to materials that require computer mediation in order to access their contents. This policy covers materials acquired for the library's collection that are available for use by patrons. Staff productivity software is not included in this policy.
- Types of Electronic Resources
- Bibliographic indexes: These files contain information that leads the user to other material, rather than being an end in themselves. Often, these are electronic versions of existing print indexes.
- Full-text and primary indexes: Unlike bibliographic indexes, these files contain most of the material referenced. Often they will be a combined bibliographic and primary index.
- Journals: This includes those available directly through the publisher or an electronic aggregator.
- Unsubscribed online resources: Various online resources undefined by the categories above may be added to the library's collections through links to them in HopeCAT and/or library web pages.
- Application software: This includes all other types of electronic resources including computer assisted instruction, interactive multimedia, and educational games.
- Electronic books
- CD-ROMs
- Formats
Most of the resources do not physically reside in the library, but are accessed through the Internet. This type of access is most common for bibliographic and full-text indexes. The physical carriers and access methods for electronic resources are dynamic and will change quickly, making it imperative that the library maintain hardware and network infrastructures that make access to electronic resources possible.
- Selection Considerations
In many ways, electronic resources are like any other library material and the same selection procedures (e.g., scope, authority, price, etc.) should be used. There are, however, some unique aspects to electronic resources that must be considered:
- Performance/Access Speed
- Compatibility: Does the product work with existing hardware and the network infrastructure? If not, what would be required to use the product? What effect will the product have on other software? Is additional software needed to use the product?
- Licensing: What is the license agreement for the resource being considered? How will access be regulated (e.g., IP verification, login/password)? Is off-campus access possible? How many simultaneous users are allowed? Does the license allow the product to run over a network, or can it only be run on a stand-alone machine? Is the content purchased or subscribed? Are there any printing or interlibrary loan limitations?
- Life of product: Many electronic resources become dated very quickly. Is this a product that will have lasting value to its users? Is the physical carrier or access method one that will likely be accessible for the foreseeable future? Is the data in a format that will likely be accessible in the future? Is there an archival mechanism in place for the data?
- Selection Considerations for Unsubscribed Online Resources
The library staff may select freely available web sites for addition to HopeCAT and/or library web pages when a web site is recognized to provide searchable, accurate content from an authoritative source at no cost to the user.
Last revised November 2007
Special Collections
- Government Documents
The Hope College Libraries are not part of a depository program for any government publications. Materials produced by any unit of the government (federal or state) are purchased "as appropriate." Only those materials that support the academic mission of the college are selected.
We increasingly rely on electronic resources to provide access to government materials that were previously provided in paper. The electronic resources are a combination of commercial products (e.g., LexisNexis) as well as information directly from government entities (e.g., Background Notes from the U.S. Department of State, Michigan Compiled Laws from the Michigan Legislature). Since many government publications are available for free via the Internet, the library may avoid purchasing a paper copy of such documents and simply provide access to them. These materials may also be listed in the library's online catalog (e.g., Your Federal Income Tax for Individuals). Many federal publications can be identified through the use of GPO's Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications (available via FirstSearch and at the Government Printing Office's web site).
- Browsing Collection
The Browsing Collection contains materials of current popular interest, which complement our regular collection. This collection is intended to support the general interest and recreational reading of the college community. The library's budget includes funds for the acquisition of books for the Browsing Collection. The selection process for these books is completed by library staff and, occasionally, members of the faculty. The browsing collection is weeded annually. Items will be offered for review by all of the librarians to determine whether or not they will remain in browsing, be transferred to the stacks, or be withdrawn from the library collection.
- Curriculum Library
The Curriculum Library collection contains selectively chosen resources appropriate for teaching subjects in grades K–12, and includes materials for students with special needs. Materials are chosen by both Education faculty and the library staff. The primary purpose of this collection is to support the undergraduate teacher-training program of the Department of Education. The library includes practical educational resources and materials on how to utilize them.
The Curriculum Library collects:
- Textbooks in all curricular subjects, grades K–12. Emphasis in the textbook collection is on materials published within the last 10 years.
- Children's and young adult literature, including a selection of award winners, honor books, and notable books.
- Regional factual books (those that support the Michigan curriculum)
- Idea and activity books
- Puppets
- Math manipulatives
- Materials to support early childhood education
- Sources about children's and young adult literature
- Selected teaching methods books
- Books which teach students how to write behavioral objectives and prepare lesson plans
- Selected children's magazines
- Curriculum guides
- Heritage Collection
The Heritage Collection is a non-circulating monographic collection of the Hope College Libraries focusing on the history of Dutch American immigration to the United States; the development of Dutch, Hispanic, and other ethnic communities in the Muskegon/Grand Rapids/South Haven, Michigan triangle; the story of the Reformed Church in America; and the history of Hope College. The Heritage Collection complements the manuscript and other archival holdings of the Joint Archives of Holland.
The professional staff of the Joint Archives will assist Van Wylen Library by recommending monographs for addition to the Heritage Collection. When appropriate, and with approval of the Library Director, the library will acquire two copies, one for the general circulating collection and one for preservation in the Heritage Collection.
The Heritage Collection is accessible when the Joint Archives is open for research.
- Rare Books
Rare books are not normally purchased. Gifts of rare materials are added to the rare book collection.
Rare books are those items due to age, scarcity, provenance, value, or condition that may need to be housed apart from the rest of the collection.
The library does not actively seek these items but welcomes gifts of appropriate rare books, and in unusual circumstances will purchase such materials. The library will attempt, by directed gifts, to build upon the existing strengths of the rare book collection. The rare book collection should reflect the curriculum of the college in those items accepted as gifts. Items not deemed appropriate may be directed to a more appropriate library or accepted and sold (with the consent of the donor). See Weeding Criteria and Guidelines.
Current strengths of the rare book collection include Bibles, especially those in the Dutch language, Biblical commentaries, science and the history of science, Dutch history, art, and art history.
- Reference Collection
- General Purpose
The Reference Collection supports the reference needs of a diverse clientele: undergraduates, teaching faculty, administrative staff, librarians, and to a lesser extent, alumni and members of the greater community. It brings together the handbooks, encyclopedias, dictionaries, directories, biographical dictionaries, general and subject-oriented indexes, bibliographies, abstracts, statistical compilations, and aids of various sorts, which are most often needed by both reference staff and patrons. Although most of the materials acquired support the instructional programs of the college, patrons have a wide variety of research interests, and therefore resources not necessarily related to the curriculum are provided. In general, reference materials are those that support quick information, background, and research referral needs.
- Format of Materials Collected
Printed books and serials compose a large part of the collection, although an increasing percentage of material is now available electronically. The criteria for shifting traditionally print resources to electronic resources are the following:
- Demand: Materials which are more heavily used by patrons are better candidates for converting to an electronic form. Often the cost cannot be justified if a source will only be used by a few patrons.
- Coverage: Does the electronic version provide the same information as its print counterpart? Is information left out due to copyright agreements etc.?
- Cost: While electronic sources are often more expensive than similar print sources, there should be a significant 'added value' to the electronic version. Added value can be in terms of ease of use, additional content, superior access, etc. Paying for information that the library already owns in print should be avoided unless it comes as part of a package that is reasonable in price.
- Ease of use: Some materials are easier to use in one form or another. The ability to electronically access several years of an index (all at once) is a good example. Conversely, sometimes it is easier to look up something in a print source than to find it electronically.
- Access: Can patrons access the material from anywhere on campus? Can authenticated users access the material from off campus? How many users may access the source simultaneously? Our preference is for campus-wide access based on IP recognition.
- Collecting Levels
Almanacs, annuals and yearbooks: The latest editions are purchased. Previous editions may be retained in the Reference Collection, moved to the stacks (circulating collection), or withdrawn. The geographic and subject coverage of these materials reflects and supports the teaching and research trends of the college.
Anthologies: A few anthologies reflective of and pertinent to the curriculum are maintained in the Reference Collection.
Atlases: (See also Gazetteers and place name directories) A representative up-to-date collection of the major, comprehensive world atlases is maintained. A selection of regional and thematic (e.g., historical, economic and linguistic) atlases is also included. Most atlases are housed on the atlas shelves.
Bibles: An extensive collection of Bibles representing various faith traditions and concordances is maintained. Most commentaries are housed in the stacks (circulating collection). Non-Christian religious texts are also collected.
Bibliographies: General bibliographies on broad topics may be included in the Reference Collection. Those with a narrow scope, such as single author or subject bibliographies, are ordinarily not put into the Reference Collection. Exceptions are only occasionally made for major authors or for topics in great demand or of current interest. Since the library collects the most important discipline-specific databases, it is highly selective in purchasing print bibliographies.
Biographical directories: Major universal and national works. Biographical dictionaries having a very narrow, regional, chronological or subject coverage are considered on their individual merits and on their potential usefulness in the Reference Collection.
Business and commercial directories: U.S. and international business, trade, and commercial directories are collected in print selectively because this type of information is not heavily used by our students and is available on the Web.
Career guides: Basic materials on career choice, job markets and resume guides are collected.
City directories: The city directory for Holland and Zeeland is the only one purchased. Older editions are housed in the Archives.
Census: Basic population census materials were collected until the 2000 cenus and are shelved adjacent to the Reference Collection. Most materials are now available on the Web.
College catalogs: (see also guides to undergraduate and graduate study). The library subscribes to CollegeSource Online, a collection of college and university catalogs. Paper catalogs from institutions other than Hope College are not collected.
Companions and specialized encyclopedias: The Reference Department maintains a collection of companions and specialized encyclopedias on a variety of topics that both reflect the curriculum and high interest topics. Multi-author or period companions go into the Reference Collection, but single author companions go in the stacks with some exceptions.
Concordances: The Reference Collection contains concordances for major works, such as for the Bible and Shakespeare.
Current awareness/contemporary topics services: Current awareness services that highlight contemporary topics such as CQ Researcher are maintained.
Dictionaries, language: The objective is to acquire the most scholarly and authoritative dictionaries available. Juvenile, concise, and pocket dictionaries are generally excluded.
Dictionaries, English language: An extensive collection of general, etymological, and specialized dictionaries of dialects, slang, synonyms, acronyms, abbreviations, and subject related dictionaries are collected.
Dictionaries, Foreign language: For those languages taught at Hope or in which there is scholarly interest, a representative collection of general and etymological dictionaries is maintained. For other languages, a translation dictionary of the language will be collected as needed.
Digests of novels, plays, etc.: Materials of this nature may be very selectively acquired to reflect the curriculum.
Dissertation guides: The library has access to Dissertation Abstracts Online as a resource for identifying dissertations. Other bibliographies of theses and dissertations are not collected.
Encyclopedias (general): The Reference Collection includes one edition of most of the major English language encyclopedias. Updated editions are published periodically. The library also purchases access to electronic encyclopedias.
Major French, German, and Spanish language encyclopedias are also collected and updated as neccessary.
Gazetteers and place name directories: (see also Atlases) Up-to-date comprehensive gazetteers and selected place name books of the U.S., Canada, and Western Europe are selected for the Reference Collection.
Genealogy: Generally not collected.
Government documents: Government publications are accepted into the Reference Collection on a limited basis as determined by demand, use, or control factors. Most government publications are available on the web.
Guides to undergraduate and graduate study: (see also college catalogs) Numerous guides to undergraduate and graduate study are collected, as are several standard rating sources.
Handbooks: Handbooks are collected only if organized so as to lend themselves to reference use.
Heraldry: Several basic titles are kept in the Reference Collection.
Indexing and abstracting services: General, interdisciplinary and specific subject area indexes and abstracts are collected. Most are no longer collected in print if an electronic version is available/affordable.
Manuals and other publications such as bibliographic database guides and thesauri are collected for use in conducting online bibliographic searches.
Periodical and newspaper directories: Several basic titles are kept in the Reference Collection.
Quotation and proverb books: Most current editions of major English language dictionaries of quotations, proverbs, etc. are selected for the Reference Collection. Subject specific quotation books are selectively purchased.
Scholarship, fellowship and grant materials: A basic collection of scholarship, fellowship and grant materials is maintained.
Statistical Yearbooks: A wide range of national and international statistical yearbooks is collected for reference purposes.
Style manuals: A selection of current style manuals which serve as standards for their respective fields is maintained.
Trade bibliographies: The library maintains an electronic subscription to Books-in-Print and print directories for British materials.
Travel guides: Selectively purchased to support the college's off-campus programs.
- General Purpose
Last Revised March 2010
Weeding Criteria and Guidelines
The Hope College Libraries collection continuously evolves to support the curriculum, college mission, and student needs. Periodically, items will be removed using the following criteria and guidelines: age, condition, online availability, relevance to the curriculum, and use. These items are addressed in detail below.
- Age:
Age refers to how old the work is as measured by date of publication. The latest imprint date will be used to determine age.
- Published since 1860: May have become brittle due to acid in the paper. Refer to the section on "condition" for instructions.
- Imprint date prior to 1900: Candidates for withdrawal or transfer to a special collection. No item in the collection should be withdrawn simply on the basis of age, but age can be a contributing factor in de-selection decisions.
- Obsolescence: Consider how quickly information becomes dated in a given discipline, and select candidates for withdrawal based on that period of obsolescence.
A complex set of factors should be considered when deciding the fate of a particular item. Selectors should remember that material can be treated in house, sent to a binder or replaced. If the text is valuable enough to keep, we will find a way to preserve it. If the text does not meet retention criteria based on appropriateness or age, condition may tip the keep-or-discard balance.
- Condition of paper: Brittle paper is the result of chemical impurities combined with the effects of heat, light, and air pollution. A simple test of paper strength is the three-fold test: fold an inconspicuous corner back and forth three times; if it breaks or tears the paper is too brittle for binding. Loose pages may be tipped in by our menders, but more than five pages per volume may be a problem.
- Markings and underlinings: Minor notations may not distract the user, but extensive highlighting, underlining, and commentaries can make the volume unusable because it may mislead the reader, or discourage thinking on their own. Marks in pencil can be erased. More extensive markings should be judged as damaging the text, and replacement should be considered.
- Condition of binding: Broken, torn, or worn bindings and covers can be repaired in house. Damaged items should be reviewed by the in-house mending staff for local vs. bindery decisions. If the decision to retain is based on the possibility of repair, check with mending staff first.
- Width of margin: If a volume is sent to the bindery, the inner margins will be reduced by either new sewing or gluing and trimming. Binders also trim the outer margins when rebinding. The text should be checked for sufficient margin on all pages, particularly illustration or map pages. In-house repair may reduce the inner margin but will not affect outer margins.
- Probable use: Placing a damaged item in a book box in order to protect it from further deterioration might make the book less useable, particularly in an undergraduate setting. Selectors will have to determine the value of the text vs. the severity of the damage. Severely damaged items still in print should be replaced.
Normally the library will own only one copy of an item. When deciding which copy(ies) to keep, consider condition, whether one or all have gift plates, and their use. Multiples should be withdrawn unless:
- There is a heavy use pattern.
- It is a gift item. We use great care in weeding titles with gift plates and use discretion in their disposal.
- It has DND (Do Not Discard) or Only Copy in MI GLCA (Michigan Great Lakes College Association) and the date inside the back cover. However, these items may still be considered for withdrawal given current conditions.
- Each copy goes in a different collection (i.e., Faculty publications). (Added July 16, 2009.)
- We generally do not keep multiple editions unless there is a compelling reason to do so.
While the primary principle guiding our collection development will be support of the curriculum, important secondary purposes include support of faculty research and of materials that enhance the college's ability to educate the whole person. Books should be:
- Written at a level appropriate for Hope College students.
- Pertinent to issues discussed in current course offerings OR of significant interest for a specific discipline offered at Hope College OR of broad general interest OR appropriate to an existing special collection.
- Consistent with current approaches and values within a discipline OR of significant value as a "classic" in a field OR a primary source.
Possible sources to consult:
- Resources for College Libraries
- Guide to Reference
- Choice online database
- MeLCat and WorldCAT holdings
- Subject guides/bibliographies
- Essay and General Literature Index
- Usage statistics
- Hope College course catalog
- Faculty
There are two ways to check if a book has been used. One is to use the online system; the other is to look at the checkout list in the back of the book itself. Each method has advantages and disadvantages.
- Checking Online:
A library staff member can check usage information by accessing the public catalog in staff mode:
- Log in.
- Find the title to be analyzed.
- Choose the individual item record near the bottom of the record.
- Note: total checkouts (includes numbers transferred from DRA), ytdcirc (year to date circulations; this number is included in the total), and 1yrcirc (last year's circulations; this number is also included in the total).
The DRA system ran from 1988 until 2003. The Innovative system was brought up in the summer of 2003. There are no online circulation statistics prior to 1988.
- Checking the Item Date-Due Slip:
- Remember that the slip may have been inserted recently. If there is no slip, the item probably has not circulated since 1988 when it was bar coded. Filled slips are not retained.
- Clusters of dates often indicate use by a class. Clusters followed by a period of inactivity may show that the information in the text is no longer useful, or may simply mean a particular class is no longer taught.
- Items on open reserve do not have date due slips, but are counted online as they are returned to the shelves.
- Items that are exclusively owned by Hope College Libraries and not held by other MeL Libraries.
- Items containing "Do not Discard" notes.
- The director of libraries should be consulted when weeding items with gift plates or Hope connections. Hope connections are items that are written by Hope College alumni or Hope College publications such as the Milestone. These are identified by the word Hope after the call number.
Discarding Materials
Methods of disposal depends on the type of material being considered. Those methods include:
- Offered for sale through a professional book dealer.
- Offered for sale on campus.
- Disseminated through no-cost international distributors.
- Recycling.
Print journals duplicated electronically by a stable source committed to archival access for purchasers/subscribers will be discarded at the discretion of the librarians on a title-by-title basis after they are removed from the current periodicals shelving.
Revised March 2010
Ask a LibrarianWe're here to help. Call, chat, text, email or ask in person.


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AMES, Iowa — A field day to demonstrate roller crimper and strip tillage use in fruit and vegetable production will be Thursday, June 5 from 5–7:30 p.m. at the ISU Horticulture Research Station, 55519 170th Street, Ames, Iowa. The field day also will discuss various cover crop establishment and termination techniques.
There is a steady increase in the number of growers adopting cover crops in their production systems. Since sustainable and organic growers use very few or no chemicals to terminate their cover crops, roller crimping is a sought after termination method – especially when rye is used as a cover crop.
Field day demonstrations will include operation of the Rhodale Institute designed roller crimper and the strip tillage equipment (Hiniker 6000). Other equipment at the research station also will be available to view.
The workshop is free for all to attend and is supported by the Iowa Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association, Practical Farmers of Iowa, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Leopold Center and the USDA-Specialty Crop Research Initiative.
Light snacks and drinks will be provided. For more details regarding the field day, contact Ajay Nair at 515-294-7080 or by email at email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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140 neglected dogs seized from Brooks warehouse
Salem woman faces many animal neglect charges
BROOKS, Ore. - About 140 neglected dogs have been seized from an "animal rescue" warehouse in Brooks, north of Salem, and the organization's president, a 24-year old Salem woman, has been arrested and charged with 120 counts of second-degree animal neglect and one count of tampering with evidence.
Willamette Valley Animal Rescue, 8955 Pueblo Avenue in Brooks, is listed on Petfinder.com as a volunteer organization whose goal it is to find homes for hard to place dogs.
Marion County sheriff's spokesman, Officer Don Thomson said Monday that "attention was focused on the organization after our office received several complaints about the care of the animals and the conditions of the facility."
Thomson said sheriff's deputies and code enforcement officers tried to work with the operators of the facility to resolve these complaints without taking formal enforcement action.
"Unfortunately, our efforts were met with a lack of cooperation," Thomson said in a news release. "We also became aware that the Oregon Humane Society had received complaints about the facility, but their efforts to work with the owners were blocked when they were denied access to inspect the facility."
Former employees and complainants told deputies the facility housed as many as 130-150 dogs in the 7,500-square-foot warehouse building.
The animals were kept in multiple dog kennels, some in and 4' x 6' dog runs, some in crates normally used for transporting animals. They also indicated that the animals were often fed only stale bread instead of normal dog food.
Based upon these recent reports, a formal investigation was opened, Thomson said.
At about 10 a.m. Sunday, Senior Deputy Dale Huitt stopped a car driven by 24-year-old Alicia Marie Inglish, president of the rescue facility.
Thomson says Huitt saw her arrive at the facility with four more.
Inglish was arrested and booked into the Marion County Jail. She was held on $300,000 bail until Monday afternoon's arraignment.
The Salem Statesman Journal says Judge David Leith set Inglish's bail at $55,000 on Monday and said she's not permitted to have any contact with animals.
Deputy Huitt secured a search warrant for the property, signed by Marion County Circuit Judge Cortland Geyer.
Around 8:30 p.m. Sunday, deputies and humane society investigators entered the building.
The building was filled with over 140 dogs in various stages of care. Some were freely running about the building, others were caged in wire dog runs.
Numerous transportation carriers were filled with as many as four dogs, when they were designed for only one, Thomson said.
"We found no food available top the animals," he said, "and the little water we found in the cages was undrinkable due to garbage and foreign objects spoiling it."
Many of the dogs appeared to be extremely underweight and suffering from starvation and malnutrition, the officer said. Others appeared sick and some had their eyes sealed shut with body fluids.
The cages had some sawdust on the cold cement floors, but no bedding was available to the animals, Thomson said. The building had no staff or personnel on duty to care for the dogs. One dog had his head stick in the wire cage as he'd try to get out of the cage.
Most of the cages were filled with animal feces and urine. The sawdust spread on the cement floor failed to provide an adequate sleeping area for the number of dogs in each cage. Several kennels were stacked against a wall like cordwood. None contained water or food, but all were overcrowded with dogs, Thomson said.
About 30 pounds of dry dog food and several cans of wet dog food were found in the building, Thomson said -- not nearly enough to feed the number of dogs present.
The officer said 120 of the animals present met the legal standard for neglect, though the remaining dogs still need some care.
Oregon Humane Society Veterinarian Dr, Kris Otteman, who is also the director of shelter medications at OHS, began the long task of examining and ranking the animals in order of need for care.
"The condition of these animals is terrible," Otteman said. "They are lacking the basic care needed to survive. I found no food available to them, and the water in their cages was filled with stench. "
" I saw one animal stuffed into a cage that was so small he was unable to lie down, sit or stand up. He had no food or water in the cage, and I'm not sure how long he'd been left in that condition. I saw another cage that contained four dogs; it was designed for one. These dogs need immediate medical care."
Oregon Humane Society volunteers, the Willamette Humane Society, code enforcement officers and sheriff's K-9 deputies worked through the night gathering up and triaging the animals.
The seized animals have been sent to several state and county facilities to begin their treatment that will hopefully lead to some recovery. A total of 21 deputies and volunteers worked throughout the night to provide much need care to these animals, Thomson said.
Veterinarians will examine each of the animals, with the focus to provide for the immediate needs of each animal, Thomson said.
Because the case remains an active investigation, the animals seized are considered evidence. At some later time, they may become available for adoption or placement.
Thomson said more arrests are expected in the case
Anyone with information pertaining to this investigation is encouraged to contact Sr. Deputy Dale Huitt at email@example.com.
"Our office extends its appreciation to our deputies, our partners and the volunteers who worked tirelessly throughout the night to care for these animals," Thomson said.
A news release from the Oregon Humane Society:
Major rescue brings more than 100 dogs to OHS for care
In one of the largest pet rescues in Oregon history, authorities seized nearly 150 dogs last night from a warehouse near Salem. The Oregon Humane Society is now evaluating the medical condition of 110 dogs taken to OHS and will be working to restore their health.
"The conditions these dogs were housed in were shocking," said OHS Executive Director Sharon Harmon. "Our hope is to get them healthy and into homes as soon as the legal system allows." The dogs are currently being held as evidence and are not available for adoption.
A total of 149 dogs were seized by the Marion County Sheriff's Office in conjunction with OHS from a warehouse in Brooks, outside of Salem. The sheriff charged the owner with 120 counts of Second Degree Animal Neglect and one count of tampering with evidence.
In the meantime, the arrival of the rescued pets has put the OHS at double its capacity for dogs. With more than 80 dogs available for adoption, Harmon is urging the public to adopt a dog now and help relieve crowded conditions at the shelter. OHS is also reducing the price of all dogs one year and older to $50 through the end of January.
The public can also help by visiting the OHS Website, where there is a "wish list" of needed items and where financial donations can be made. Visit: http://www.oregonhumane.org/donate/needed_supplies.asp to see the wish list and/or make a donation.


text:
Subscribe to the West Orange, NJ Local Forum by Email.You will receive email when someone posts, no more often than daily.If you want to post, you will still need to do so here at the forum.
This is great, but I hope it does not come across as unprofessional.
Who among the following made the request to Mr. Trent?
LiaisonJessica Glicker- Township PIO. Public Relations Director
To clarify, the membership of the PRC is established by ordinance, and Jessica is not a member of the PRC.
I asked two questions of each person at Thursday's PRC meeting:1. Did you take concerns about westorange.info to the mayor?2. Did you know about the letter before the mayor sent it?Those in attendance all said "no" to both questions: Prakash Khaitan, Cynthia Cumming, and Patrecia West.
Michelle Cadeau resigned from the PRC.


text:
Laws, Regulations & Annotations
Property Taxes Law Guide – Revision 2010
Other Code Provisions
Education Code
CHAPTER 2. Property Valuations for Allocations*
Section 84207
84207. Furnishing of tax receipts to Chancellor. [Repealed by Stats. 1981, Ch. 500, in effect January 1, 1982, operative January 1, 1988.]
84207. Furnishing of tax receipts to Board of Governors. On or before November 15 of each year, the county auditor of each county shall furnish to the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges the actual previous year's receipts, along with estimated current year receipts for secured tax receipts, unsecured tax receipts, prior year tax receipts, timber tax receipts, and any other appropriate taxes or subventions for each community college district or portion of a district situated within his or her county. This information shall be forwarded on forms prescribed by the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges.
History.—Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1331, in effect January 1, 1989. Stats. 1990, Ch. 1372, in effect January 1, 1991, substituted "Board of Governors" for "Office of the Chancellor" after "furnish to the" in the first sentence, and substituted "Board of Governors of the California" for "Chancellor of" after "Prescribed by the" in the second sentence.
* Chapter 2 added by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1010, p. 4212, in effect April 30, 1977.


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Snug Harbor / Livingston
The rail line ran along the coast of Kill van Kull in front of Snug Harbor and into the neighborhood of Livingston. The topography of the area necessitated running the line directly along the coastline and large portions of the ROW have eroded. The erosion in the 1980s made the line impassible just prior to abandonment in 1990.
The coastline just west of Atlantic Salt was home to a skate park that had long been abandoned when I visited in 2009. There was a complex array of wooden boardwalks in various states of disrepair that presented a curious juxtaposition of abandoned rail, wooden structures, and plant growth.
The Sailor's Snug Harbor station was on the coastline, accessed from ornate stone stairways at the west and east ends of the platform. The east end is near the front entry archway to Snug Harbor, with the rear end at Snug Harbor Road. Only the westbound track remains, with the eastbound track presumably on piers out over the coastline. The approximate length of the platform had been covered with an asphalt pathway when I visited in 2009. Reconstruction plans could relocate the station up closer to Richmond Terrace, leaving the coastline for a riverside park.
The line west of Snug Harbor was built on a wooden trestle that was then enclosed with a wooden retaining wall and backfilled with gravel. As the retaining decayed and collapsed, the rail line followed, leaving rails hanging precariously over what is left of the trestle.
A creek that runs through the west part of Snug Harbor empties into Kill van Kull through a culvert that still holds the track intact above it.
A maintained but forlorn memorial to the residents of Livingston that made the supreme sacrifice in WW-II sits just above the track along Richmond Terrace near Snug Harbor Road. Ironically, the memorial's now-remote location demonstrates how the geographic changes of time often lead us to forget things we should remember.
R.H. Tugs is an incongruously nice restaurant between the coast and Richmond Terrace at Snug Harbor Road. A portion of the eastbound track was restored behind the restaurant when the coastline was shored up to prevent the restaurant from falling into the water. However, rail buffs immediately realize it is a fake from the thin, pressure-treated ornamental wooden ties. Whatever was holding up the westbound track long ago eroded into the water.
Just to the west of R.H. Tugs, the Livingston station supposedly sat at the foot of Bard Avenue. There's a convenience store there, where track resumes its natural state and proceeds west.
Between Bard and Davis Avenues, the track procedes dramatically over another eroded section of fill. The area also features some concrete waterfront structures, perhaps having something to do with the sewer overflow outlet, or perhaps just the foundations of some long-defunct structures.
Snug Harbor was founded on 1801 bequest of farmland by Robert Richard Randall that was delayed by an extended dispute over the will. It finally opened in 1833 to provide a haven for "aged, decrepit and worn out sailors." Over the 19th century the facility expanded to 50 buildings housing over 900 residents from around the world. Residency and financial support declined in the mid 20th century. The few remaining residents were relocated to North Carolina in the 1960s. With the historic property falling into disrepair and being coveted by developers, the New York City Landmark's Commission got the facility listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The 83-acre facility was purchased by the city in 1973 and transformed into the Snug Harbor Cultural Center and Botanical Garden, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.
For a more detailed history of Snug Harbor, see Gerald J. Barry's The Sailors' Snug Harbor: 1801-2001
Just to the east of sits Neville House, a country residence built around 1770 by John Neville, a retired naval officer. In the 19th century it was used as a tavern that likely received much of its patronage from the retired sailors living next door. When I visited in 2009, it was in pretty bad shape.
The area of New Brighton near Snug Harbor is an area of pleasant, older single-family homes, becoming a little more dense and less affluent as you move west into Livingston and West Brighton.


text:
Hi folks,
Can't work out the difference between:
(1) There are a lot of things to do here.
(2) There a lot of things to be done here.
Is it about modality? Possibility vs. necessity?
How about:
(3) This is a book to read.
(4) This is the book to be read.
Does (3) mean 'worth reading' and (4) 'that must be read'?
(5) This box is too heavy to lift.
Is it possible to say:
(6) This box is too heavy to be lifted?


text:
EDIT: I found some answers on this forum... but, coz Im Linux noob, I dont understand it..
Im noob so dont be bad on me
Im using BT3 with VMware on my ASUS EEE 1000H. I dont use BT3 usb version.
I normally boot BT, but if I start wireless asistant, it writes, that BT doesnt find wireless device. Please tell me step-by-step, what I must to do.
Thank you very much and Merry Christmas!
EDIT: I found some answers on this forum... but, coz Im Linux noob, I dont understand it..
vmware only supports usb wireless devices.
Oh, I see... And can I use BT3 in Windows, without VMvare ? If yes, please write me link with step-by-step guide. Thank you very much for reply
Of course, if you really wanted to have some fun, go to Wal-Mart late at night and ask the greeter if they could help you find trashbags, roll of carpet, rope, quicklime, clorox and a shovel. See if they give you any strange looks. --Streaker69
-Monkeys are like nature's humans.


text:
We have recently updated our website and may have missed some links. To help find what you are looking for, you can use the search function in the upper right, or click here to return to the home page. To help us fix these links please email us by using the form below. Please include the URL of the page you were on and the link that you clicked that produced this error. You may be able to copy the URL in the address bar to get the address to the bad link.
Copyright © 2017 The Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, All Rights Reserved.
Disclaimer | Copyright | The University of Oklahoma is an Equal Opportunity Employer | Mission Statement


text:
Summit County police blotter: Man, stepson scrap over house rules
October 28, 2012
Cops bust suspected pot dealers
Authorities discovered a suspected marijuana distribution operation Oct. 15, when they arrived at a local residence to serve a warrant.
Summit County Sheriff Office deputies and officers with the Silverthorne Police Department found several bags of marijuana as well as a larger plastic bag containing several smaller bags of the drug on the kitchen table at the residence where three men were sitting, according to a sheriff's office report.
The door of the residence had been open when law enforcement arrived, according to the report.
The three men all said they didn't know who owned the marijuana and all denied living at the residence.
Some "ganja butter," was also found on one of the men, according to the report.
One of the men was arrested on charges of violation of bond conditions and offenses relating to marijuana and marijuana concentrate with intent to distribute.
A man and his stepson were both charged with third-degree assault after they got into a physical altercation following an argument about house rules Oct. 19.
The fight allegedly started after the man came home to find his stepson playing his music loudly and smoking in the house. The man said he confronted his stepson about breaking house rules and the altercation escalated, according to a report from the Summit County Sheriff's Office
The two men grabbed each other by the throat. The man went to call 911, further angering the stepson, who "ran into him" and continued the physical fight, according to the report.
The man reportedly elbowed the stepson in the chest, and the stepson allegedly punched the man in the arm during the fight.
Neither suffered any visible injury from the fight and both declined medical assistance. The stepson left the house that evening to stay with friends.
A man who ended up in police custody after he started banging on doors at 11 p.m. Oct. 19 in the Wildernest area is facing DUI charges.
The man told deputies he was cold and was banging on doors trying to get warm, although he said he did not know anyone at the unit where he was knocking.
He allegedly told deputies he drove to the parking lot where they found him and said he was concerned about a woman named Lena, repeatedly asking deputies where she was. He told deputies she was a friend of his who'd gotten out of his car and "took off," according to a report from the Summit County Sheriff's Office.
He reportedly later spotted a female deputy and began asking her if she was Lena.
When deputies asked the man where he was coming from, he said New York. When they asked him where he was going, he again said New York. When authorities asked him if he knew where he was, he again said New York, the report stated.
The resident of the unit where he'd been banging on the door said he'd started knocking on the door and ringing the bell around 11 p.m. The resident looked out the front door and saw glass from a nearby fire extinguisher on the ground, called the police and locked herself in her bathroom, according to the report.
Officers arrested the man, who agreed to take a blood alcohol test. On the way to the hospital for the test, the man's cellphone rang. The caller was Lena. With the man's permission, deputies returned the call to make sure Lena was OK, according to the report.
The woman answered and told deputies she was fine and in Fort Collins, the report stated.
The man later told deputies it was the third time he'd been arrested this month and allegedly said, "I have to stop drinking. This is making me do weird things."


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Note: This message is displayed if (1) your browser is not standards-compliant or (2) you have you disabled CSS. Read our Policies for more information.
Missing Endangered Adult Defined (Indiana Code 12-7-2-131.3):
is an individual at least eighteen (18) years of age who is reported missing to a law enforcement agency and is, or is believed to be:
High Risk Missing Person Defined (Indiana Code 5-2-17-1):
is a person whose whereabouts are not known and who may be at risk of injury or death. The term includes the following:


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The Priaulx Library, St Peter Port, Guernsey holds much to assist genealogists with ancestors from this lovely part of the world. The site offers an online catalogue and advice for family historians.
Like The Priaulx Library the State Archives is also at St Peter Port making both easily accessible for anyone making the journey in person. The Island Archive Service, established in 1986 holds records on behalf of the States & the Royal Court.


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"Adored this card. Easy to create. Received SO MANY COMPLIMENTS! Will continue to avoid the Christmas card frenzy and continue to send a family Valentine's Day one instead!"
"I wanted to send a photo card and not a 2-fold card. I really loved the layout of this photo card! The image I chose to use went great with it. Although I wish I could of added another text box, maybe in the bottom corner. Or on the back which was just an original design. To allow for a message and the date Elsewhere. I couldn't get another image to work good enough on the back to do this. Overall I am happy with my daughters Valentine card I made and my family members loved It as well!"
"The matte finish is like cardboard...Maybe glossy is more photo like. I ordered matte. The printing quality was good. This card is great, because you can put many pictures on it!"
"I used this card for our Valentines Day/ birth announcement and I have gotten texts, emails and phone calls complimenting this card how gorgeous it was! If you want a wow factor....this is your card!!"
"my family and friends who recieved this card absolutely loved it! the style of the card worked perfectly with the picture of my son eating his box of valentines chocolates. it was a real hit! I love tiny prints paper quality, and that is why i keep coming back for future projects."
Copyright © 2004-2017 Shutterfly, Inc | Tiny Prints | Terms of Use. Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners.


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I also needed to fix some other stuff on a file called gui.ty
self.title = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',
the above line of code returned an empty string on my machine Win7 (line 89).
When 'self.title' is empty the service script gets no title to work with, thus I had to make some changes in the gui.ty.
If this is not the right forum to discuss this, please direct me to the right place.
let me know how to submit this fix


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Everything in its right place
This natural, dusky rose lipstick is perfect for everyday use and looks beautiful on a variety of skin tones. Its rose wax and jojoba oil base helps it glide on smoothly and keeps lips hydrated all day long. We've heard fans calling this their all-in-one, as this creamy lipstick can also be used as a blush for a rosy glow. Wear it when you need a new way of looking at a problem or situation.
VeganThis product does not contain animal products of any kind.
Fresh ingredients
Fresh ingredients
Organic Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia chinensis), linkHolder Candelilla Wax (Euphorbia cerifera), linkHolder Titanium Dioxide, linkHolder Rose Wax (Rosa damascena), linkHolder Tin Oxide, linkHolder Red 27 Lake, linkHolder Mica, linkHolder Iron Oxides. linkHolder *Occurs naturally in essential oils
Natural ingredients
Safe synthetics


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No one deserves appreciation more during the holiday season than your family. Create something special for your family's holiday tree by creating an ornament that represents how much you mean to each other. Our teddy bear ornament is the perfect decoration for the job. It's festive, adorable, and timeless. This hand-painted ornament is made of resin and measures 3.5" high. Every one includes a ribbon loop. Personalize with family name and year. Please choose your number of family members for the correct numbers of bears. This is one of a selection of family Christmas ornaments that we offer for your tree!
The 3 & 4 bear version are no longer available.
Check out other personalized Christmas ornaments and even other customized family ornaments! GiftsForYouNow has all kinds of personalized Christmas group ornaments for everyone on your shopping list!


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|General Car Chat Lounge Discussion Forum relating to nonspecific Ford Focus models, car purchasing, auto industry news and any car talk.
|Topic Review (Newest First)
|I have an 06 and my only problem was my crank shaft pulley going out on me. Never had a problem otherwise, 78K on the clock.
|I have A 2006 129,000 miles only issue is the front sway bar endlinks clunk going over bumps easy and cheap to replace them.Bonus in the Duratec is there a timing chain not a timing belt.
Why get a Focus?
I have an 05. I used to purchase nothing but used cars because I could fix those cars. I've had this car for 7 years. I have not had to do one major repair yet. I have replaced shocks and struts, and at 60k miles I replaced the brakes with an SVT brake kit- but I still had more than enough pad on there. Most of the problems with these cars are simple. Although I would personally not like the weak brakes of the 00-04 Focis. SVT brake kits can still be purchased for about $900, and you might be able to locate used parts for less. I highly recommend this even though you'll need 17" wheels. My car can out stop Corvettes. I have to be careful who is behind me in case I have to slam on the brakes.
I finally have a chance to repair the car because it has "tumble flap" problems which might be something you could run into when looking at 05+ Focis. It could actually save you some money on the car because typically people think it's valve noise or injector noise. It won't really hurt the car, but it sounds like the engine is coming apart. You could talk down an owner over that. Believe me, the dealers will certainly not give them much for it on trade in. It costs about $300 in parts to repair, you need a new intake manifold. You can save some money if you can find someone with a good used manifold.
The way to tell the difference is to use the mechanic's stethoscope trick. Listen to the valve cover. If the valve cover is silent- then listen to the intake manifold, you should hear your rapping sound there. I wouldn't tell a seller that, but at least you know that the car is not going to self destruct as a result of this noise. I drove mine for 50k miles with horrendous tumble flap noise. Very soon I'll be doing a How-To on replacing the intake manifold. There is already a How-To on removing the tumble flaps entirely- however this reduces low end torque, and makes the car less fun to drive.
|Find a nice SVTF and call it a day
^ all this...
Get an +05 zx3/4/5
Early Focis had some assorted problems- most are sorted out. 2000 models specifically had TPS problems that were alleviated by replacing the TB with one with a re-designed TPS.
00-04 Focis might have an old style ignition lock cylinder still installed in the car. This lock cylinder can lock up, and the ignition key will not turn. Ford lock cylinders need the key to turn in order to replace the cylinder- so a locked up cylinder is a bad problem in a Ford. To tell the difference, look at the position of the key hole in the lock cylinder. If the key hole is in the center of the lock cylinder- then it has already been changed to the improved type. The old style lock cylinder has the key hole off center towards the bottom. If you purchase a car with this lock cylinder, let us know, and we will direct you how to properly change the lock cylinder before it locks up. It will cost you about $100- well worth piece of mind. If you wait until it locks up- it will cost more like $300.
00-02.5 manual transmission shifters tend to crack and break, but we have a great How-To on how to repair a busted factory shifter.
03-04 PZEV cars come with the 2.3L Duratec engine. To identify your Focus engines, look under the hood. The SPI engine says "Split Port Injection" on the valve cover, and will look just like your old Escort motor. The Zetec engine will have Zetec written on the valve cover, and will have spark plugs going through the center of the valve cover. This engine or the Duratec will be all you will find in hatchback cars. The SPI was only available in sedans (maybe wagons). The Duratec engine will not have anything written on the valve cover, but it will have coil on plug ignition, so you will see 4 coils mounted on top of the valve cover.
05-07 Focis have "lifetime" air filters. This isn't as great as it sounds. Most of us remove the lifetime filter and replace it with an aftermarket CAI filter.
Wagons have alignment problems that require purchasing camber adjustment bolts for the rear otherwise tires will be eaten up very quickly.
That's about all I can think of right now.
He drove an escort so I don't think 'style' is on his short list...
I would say you could expect basically everything you've already come to know about your Escort; just bigger and better.
Check for rust when you're shopping!
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Since 1978, The Thailand Hornbill Project has been actively conducting research on the biological and ecological aspects of hornbills and has expanded its research into the forests of western and southern Thailand.
In the southern provinces including Pattani, Narathiwat and Yala, the project has received overwhelming cooperation from local villagers, who previously earned extra money to add to their 1,500-3,000 Baht monthly income, by selling hornbill chicks stolen from these nest and other wild products. By having villagers help in looking after hornbills and collecting research data, the project aims to create awareness of hornbill nests in its care.
Your donations go directly to this project and the villagers who now are protectors of hornbills.
You and your family can adopt a nest for $150 per year. This donation helps:
For just $150 a year, you can adopt a hornbill nest in Thailand, helping preserve these beautiful birds and help the villagers who protect their nests.
For more information on how you can donate, contact email@example.com
Meet the villagers who protect the nests
Read more about the project in this zoo magazine feature.
| Donor Login
email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com


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Discussion in 'Pistons and NBA' started by blueadams, Jun 20, 2013.
Please call him Pope, we already have Kenny English. Also, Lee sighting.
Must be Summer League time, he's back!
We did not get to see Kravstov play all that much in real game situations, and what we did see was after most of a season of rusting on the bench. No way I will judge him yet. With that said, no, nothing I saw from him makes me think he is the best fit at power forward for us. I say power forward because we certainly can cover center with Drummond and Monroe. In any case, I see flaws in Knight's game at point, for sure, but its nitpicking to the nth degree compared to how bad a guy like CV plays defense, or how completely outsized JJ is when playing power forward. To be a competive team this year, we really need a 4th big - and since we had a loser coach who never let us see what Kravstov can do, we should get a proven commodity from this free agent class at hand.
Hey Lee, Pelicans may be looking to deal Lopez. I wonder if he would fit that bill.
I was reading some stuffs (In ESPN) and suddenly this came up.. abut who are the early candidates to win the Rookie of the Year award. So, First of all, they don't put the "Detroit Pistons" besides KCP name like the other players. They named the Pistons, but then they talk about Rubio passes.. What is that? Did they meant Calderon? (who is a free agent) Or Rubio is coming to detroit? (I don't think so) or maybe they meant Knight??? ... but can they be writting about Knight's passing skills??? That awkward.. Anyway... It seems KCP is somewhere down there with the talks... Of course the most likely are Oladipo, Mclemore and Bennet, at least, for them.
Good catch SJ. It looks like the length of his name overwhelmed them. (Your English is really progressing.)
In case anybody was wondering, this is Ernie being serious.
Leach's Lists: A Conversation With Kentavious Caldwell-Pope « CBS Detroit
Detroit Pistons' Kentavious Caldwell-Pope impressive, but won't be top rookie, says ESPN analyst | Detroit Free Press | freep.com
I like KCP and good to see this little bit on his shooting on the rookie ladder:
Next step- Shoot more. We NEED him to be a 12+ ppg guy to have any shot this year. We need to run plays FOR HIM early in the game to get him some easy looks. I love the kid, but we need more from him than "D and Sometimes Three".
Just being skeptical here, but I'm not sure that there is very much evidence that Pope is a good shooter. His career 3-point shooting percentage if you add up his 2 years of college and 1 year of NBA experience is .336 (189-563). His first year of college, he shot .304. Allan Houston for comparison (because he was a great shooter) averaged .424 from 3-point land at Tennessee over a 4 year period and then went on to shoot .402 over his NBA career. You'd expect most good/ great shooters to have a lower 3-point percentage in the NBA due to the better defense and longer distance. His FT percentage is fairly low too: .654, .799, and .743 in his 3 years. And his 2-point percentage is nothing to write home about, considering he scores a fair amount on transition opportunities. His eFG of .411 this year on jump shots is significantly worse than Rodney Stuckey. Stuckey is having his best year shooting in a while, but he's still not a great shooter and doesn't hit many 3's to boost the average. I hope he becomes an adequate shooter, but so far he's not panning out to be how he was advertised on offense IMO. I mean, was Burke supposed to be out shooting Pope in every single category? I would say that Pope's defense is exactly as was advertised so far. I love that and his transition game. And I also want him to shoot more, mainly so that I can see if he's really a good shooter that just needs a green light to shoot with confidence. But I have doubts as to whether that would happen. More likely is that he would shoot more and his efficiency would go down as a result.
Was interested in the 3 point % there Tas, so I went to check out KCP's 2nd year in college and it was only .373 for a college average of .339. Nothing to really write home about. He is shooting it better in his first season (.323) now better than Allan Houston though (.299) and has attempted more already. But as you mentioned, Houston had a better base to fall back on. By comparison just on our team, Singler had a better college average .363 and rookie average .350 and I consider him a horrible 3pt shooter as he can only hit the open corner 3. I suppose I always believed KCP to be a better shooter than that in college - probably through my terrible memory. This has made me re-evaluate his ceiling and that he is more likely to be someone we want as solid bench 2 guard maybe.
Great minds think alike!! You don't even need him to bomb 3's at 40% the dude can hit midrange 2's and easily help cause chaos for the opposing defense.
Double baseline screen for a shot in the short corner. Allen Houston. Allen Iverson. Rip Hamilton. Simple play, man. They don't run it. I don't know why.
You didn't explain how BJ gets to dribble for 20 seconds and where Josh gets the ball in all that. KCP knows how to shoot off the screen and is way more effective in rhythm. You know how a shot is a good shot? Because the play was run for you that's how. This is professional basketball but it looks like rec league and not even collegiate sometimes.
Remember how Tayshaun had the annoying palm the ball and pump fake routine for an entire shot clock? Well Jennings has the hesitation dribble. I have seen him try to headfake defenders on hesitation dribbles 3 times in a row.
I found it amazing how he never got yanked for that or for single(r)handedly stopping all ball movement. Tay i mean. BBall IQ!
I think the same every time Jennings dribbles at full speed to nowhere in transition
Separate names with a comma.


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General Guidelines for Managing Sleep Apnea
Lose Weight
Obesity is a major risk factor for sleep apnea. If you're overweight, talk to your doctor about a reasonable weight loss goal and a safe weight loss program. As little as 10% weight loss can greatly reduce the number of sleep apnea episodes that occur each night.
Stop Using Alcohol and Sedative Medications
Alcohol and sedative medications are nervous system depressants. They affect the brain, causing it to function more slowly and less effectively. Using alcohol and/or sedatives will increase the frequency and number of sleep apnea episodes that occur each night. When you stop taking these products, your sleep apnea may improve.
Sleep on Your Side
Some people find that sleeping on one side, rather than sleeping on their backs or stomachs, greatly reduces sleep apnea. You can use a variety of pillows to comfortably prop yourself on your side.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD
- Review Date: 06/2016 -
- Update Date: 05/20/2015 -


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Condition: 8/10
Color: blue/black
Upgrades: freak two piece barrel,virtue eyes, POOTY modded cure 4 bolt, zick z2 kit, violent thumbwheel, kila blackout screw kit,POPS ASA (used twice),black macro fitting, km reg. grip,
Known Problems: scratch on the lpr, a bit of barrel wear at the tip only,scratched inside the feedneck, the eyes currently do not work. you can ship them back to virtue for the lifetime warranty ,but i have been occuipied to find the time to do so.
Asking Price:
Shipping Options: USPS priority
Trades of interest: none cash only
Location of item: miami,florida
What is Included: 3 freak barrel insert, original case, manual, tools, oil, fresh battery, and spareparts.
general: the marker works flawless. stored without a battery. shoots just as good without the eyes on. this is my baby and have always properly maintained her, after every use. im selling her cause i currently need the money due to getting laid off work. if you have any questions let me know.
Edited by riper109, 05 October 2012 - 09:52 PM.


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Laws, Regulations & Annotations
Property Taxes Law Guide – Revision 2012
Revenue and Taxation Code
Property Taxation
Part 1. General Provisions
Chapter 5. Disaster Relief: Tax Deferral
Section 195.92
195.92. Certification of reduction in taxes; 2004–05 severe rainstorms: Kern, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties. (a) By September 30, 2005, the auditors of the Counties of Kern, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and Ventura, which were the subject of the Governor's proclamations of a state of emergency for the severe rainstorms that occurred in December 2004, January 2005, February 2005, or March 2005, that caused flash floods, mudslides, the accumulation of debris, and that washed out and damaged roads in those counties, shall certify to the Director of Finance an estimate of the total amount of the reduction in property tax revenues on both the regular secured roll and the supplemental roll for the 2004–05 fiscal year resulting from the reassessment by the county assessor pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 170 of those properties that are eligible properties as a result of that disaster, except that the amount certified shall not include any estimated property tax revenue reductions to school districts, other than basic state aid school districts, and county offices of education.
(b) For purposes of this section, "basic state aid school district" means any school district that does not receive a state apportionment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 42238 of the Education Code, but receives from the state only a basic apportionment pursuant to Section 6 of Article IX of the California Constitution.
History.—Added by Stats. 2005, Ch. 623 (AB 164), in effect October 6, 2005.


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Dell Latitude E5420, E5520, E6420, E6520 Business Laptops Now Available For Purchase
Dell has announced the availability of several new Latitude business notebooks including the Latitude E6520, E6420, E5520 and E5420. All four E-Series models baseado on the Intel platform Huron River.
By Golam Mostafa On March 17, 2011 1 Response
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