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Meredith Whitney Upgrades Banks
Posted by: Dheeraj Grover (IP Logged)
Date: December 18, 2012 10:16AM
Influential banking analyst and chief of Meredith Whitney Advisers has upgraded banks, specifically Citi (C) and Bank of America (BAC), citing improving prospects of earnings and improved liquidity. She thinks banks are more than adequately capitalized and dividends are about to go up. BAC will quadruple its dividends.
Credit and source: cnbc, www.cnbc.com
Here is the video:
Re Meredith Whitney Upgrades Banks
Posted by: berryaf25 (IP Logged)
Date: December 18, 2012 09:28PM
Do you have any more information on her analysis? I would be curious to see what all changed since April of this year for these banks in her analysis (excluding a potential dividend). In April, BAC and C were a hold (and were trading at 7 and 33 respectively.) I am going to search online for the latest report and compare with the previous report.
I am long BAC and C
I [video.cnbc.com]
Re Meredith Whitney Upgrades Banks
Posted by: dheerajgrover (IP Logged)
Date: December 18, 2012 11:56PM
Look at the new video which will be posted tomorrow. Meredith was on CNBC to explain why she has turned bullish on bank stocks. I am long BAC and C as well. I hold GS as well. If someone wants to play on the upside in the financial sector they can buy the ETF from vanguard, ticker VFH. BAC, C, WFC, BRK.B, JPM are some of the top positions of this ETF. I hold VFH as well
Re Meredith Whitney Upgrades Banks
Posted by: vgm (IP Logged)
Date: December 19, 2012 06:31AM
Sorry to be cynical, but I think what changed for Meredith is that she realized she was dead wrong (her zombie bank rants, etc) and that true value investors like Bruce Berkowitz were right all along.
Dick Bove was asked yesterday what he thought about Meredith's bank call. He replied she was right, but that she was 2-3 years behind in her timing. As Buffett said: 'if you wait for the robins the Spring will be over'.
As for her 'prediction' that BAC could go up 45% from here, it's much too little much too late. And ridiculous that anyone could believe in such accuracy.
Whitney's bank analysis is no better than her muni record. Yet another talking head. Jeez.
Long BAC, C
Re Meredith Whitney Upgrades Banks
Posted by: ramands123 (IP Logged)
Date: December 19, 2012 09:12AM
I would aggree with Vgm. Difference bettween right 6-12 months late is missing 100 % ROI on stocks like BAC.
If all she does is banking how could she miss by a year huge cash flows and discounts to book value.
Her record is spotty at best.
Re Meredith Whitney Upgrades Banks
Posted by: ramands123 (IP Logged)
Date: December 19, 2012 09:27AM
I would say Dick Bove is much more realistic and relaible analyst and has been pointing out banking stocks throughout the last year. Not only he truely pointed out difference bettween fundamentals and stock prices, he stuck to his analysis throughout the year, even as stock like BAC collapsed to all time low,
I think MW just got lucky on her bearish call in 2008 but has been on downhill slope since then. How can you (MW) be so down beat on a sector which you speacilize in when the greatest investor of all time (Warren Buffet ) is so bullish on it.
Re: Meredith Whitney Upgrades Banks
Posted by: mocheng (IP Logged)
Date: December 19, 2012 12:52PM
Meredith said avoid bank stocks at all costs when BAC was 7 dollars...
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|For the next installment of this series of FAQs, let's move from product positioning and integration, square into the land of operational procedure. For this post, we will consider you are getting ready to deploy a pattern based on the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition. During the deployment process, you provide configuration information, which includes a password for a user named virtuser.
|You read the documentation, and you understand that virtuser is both an operating system user and the user that WebSphere CloudBurst configures as the primary administrative user for WebSphere Application Server. Naturally, this user owns the WebSphere Application Server processes that run in the virtual machine. While it is convenient that this is all pre-configured for you, you want to know one thing: "Can I define a user besides virtuser?"
|It certainly would not be the first time this question came up. The short answer to this is yes, but there are of course caveats. You can define another user and have that user own the WebSphere Application Server processes, but you cannot completely remove the virtuser user, nor should you remove virtuser as the primary administrative user. The reason for this is that WebSphere CloudBurst relies on virtuser when it carries out certain actions such as applying maintenance, applying fixes, or otherwise interacting with the WebSphere Application Server environment.
All that being said, I recently put together a script package that allows you to utilize a user other than virtuser. I hope to put the script package in our samples gallery soon, but here's a basic overview of using the script package and what it does:
|There are a few other activities in the script, but that should give you a basic overview. Again, note that the script does not remove the virtuser user or change that user's OS or WebSphere Application Server permissions in anyway. I would also point out that if you use WebSphere CloudBurst to apply maintenance to the WebSphere Application Server environment, it will do so as virtuser and it will restart processes as virtuser, so plan accordingly.
|I hope this sheds some light on a very common question. I hope to get the sample up soon, and as always let me know if you have any questions.
|-- Dustin Amrhein
A view from the clouds: Cloud computing for developers
FAQs Revisited - Part 2
DKA 0600026VJ2 Tags:  virtualization websphere_application_ser... websphere_cloudburst private_cloud websphere ibm cloud_computing 4,306 Views
FAQs Revisited - Part 1
DKA 0600026VJ2 Tags:  faq elasticity websphere_virtual_enterpr... cloud_computing virtualization private_cloud websphere_cloudburst 1 Comment 5,962 Views
Using the Wizard object in the CLI
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subset: commoncrawl


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You know your enthusiastic cries of "Let's look at vital records indexes!" probably aren't going to make Billy and Susie's pulses race. So how do you show them that learning about dead relatives can be just as fun as playing video games? Try these six activities to pique their genealogical curiosity and explore their past creatively:
Excavate Grandpa's attic or basement. Countless treasures and stories hide among the old "junk" packed away in boxes and trunks. Let kids root through Grandma's hat boxes, Grandpa's model train set, old clothes and other treasures. These mementos give children a glimpse of their relatives' younger years and show them how times have changed. Make a special effort to pull out items from a parent's childhoodMom's Barbie dolls or Dad's high school science project, for exampleso kids can see what their mother or father was like at their age.
Tour the cemetery. Visiting family grave sites shows children that their ancestors were real people. They'll also learn about the clues found in cemeteries, a lesson they'll appreciate if they start doing genealogical research on their own. Point out ancestors' tombstones first, then other family members'. Explain everyone's relationships to each other, and how they're related to the kids ("This is Great-great-grandpa's sister Mary. That would make her your third-great-aunt."). Bring a book on gravestone art such as Allan Ludwig's Graven Images: New England Stonecarving and Its Symbols (Utah State University Press, $29.95) so the children (or you) can look up what the symbols on the headstones mean. And don't leave without doing some tombstone rubbingssee our step-by-step guide, from the October 2000 issue of Family Tree Magazine.
Throw a birthday party for an ancestor. A birthday celebration is a fun way to teach kids about an ancestor's life and times. You might start with your grandmother or grandfathersomeone you knew but the kids didn'tand celebrate the way the family did when that relative was still alive. Maybe even wrap up a few mementos of that person as "presents"; when the kids open them, you can share the story behind them. Or choose an ancestor who lived during a time period kids would recognize, such as the Civil War or Colonial times, and celebrate the way your ancestor might have back then.
Prepare Great-grandma's favorite family recipe. Don't keep Great-grandma's apple pie recipe a secretat least not from the kids. Instead of prompting thumb-wrestling matches over who gets the last piece, your family's generations-old favorite recipe can keep Grandma alive in her great-grandchildren's memory, even though she may have died years before they were born. Children will learn that creativity and patience were important ingredients in heirloom recipes.
Make a family trivia game. This is a good activity for family gatherings because you can draw on many relatives' memories and experiences. Everyone can brainstorm questions, focusing on close family members first: What is Dad's favorite color? Which famous singer did Aunt Lucy write love letters to? Use your genealogy information to extend the questions to more distant generations: Which country did Great-great-grandpa Heinrich emigrate from? Then let the kids turn the trivia into a game. Or use a kit you can personalize, such as the (Your Surname) Family Trivia Game from Heart's Corner ($39.95 at www.waldorfresources.net/heartscorner/page2.htm or call 303-422-9034).
Create a time capsulein reverse. If your ancestors had left a time capsule, what would have been in it? Pick an ancestor and try to create a snapshot of his or her life. If you have objects such as photographs, recipe cards or diaries, make copies and include them in the time capsule. Kids can also re-create "artifacts" from the chosen ancestor's lifetime using historical and genealogical facts. For example, they could use a marriage date and place to make up a wedding invitation. Create a newspaper page detailing the important events of the time. Show the trendy fashions that ancestor might have wornthe links at the Costume Page members.aol.com/nebula5/costume.html will help track down pictures of popular clothing from that era. Have kids draw or print out a picture of what a dollar looked like (see www.frbsf.org/currency/historical for images of historical US currency) and find out what it would be worth in today's money (use the converter at www.eh.net/ehresources/howmuch/dollarq.php). Display the "artifacts" in a scrapbook or on a family Web site.


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Lancome Bi-Facil Double Action Eye Makeup RemoverFriday, October 26, 2007
A long time ago, I had a Lancome eye makeup remover. It came in a little white tube, I believe it was a gift with purchase item. Lancome discontinued that product long ago for a good reason, it really only smeared stuff around. Because of my experience with that product I had been resistant to trying Lancome eye makeup removers. I should have tried this product years ago, truly. There is a good reason it is one of their best sellers and has won so many awards from Allure and Glam.com.
This is an amazing eye makeup remover. It is the only one I've tested that completely (and easily at that) removes the incredibly difficult to remove Revlon 3D Mascara. This product has 2 phases, and needs to be well shaken before use. A little bit on a cotton pad, rub it across your lid and voila! All makeup is easily on the pad and no longer on your eye. No residue is left behind either.
In case you're wondering, this does work better than the much cheaper Boots Eye Makeup Remover. Is it worth the extra $16? That depends on your eye makeup routine. If you wear a lot of eye shadow, eye liner or any waterproof mascara, I would say that the upgrade is well worth the money.
Look for it on-line or at a Lancome counter near you!
3 comments
I love the Neutrogena Oil Free eye makeup remover. It's relatively inexpensive and works really well!ReplyDelete
I swear by this eye makeup remover. It's simply the best! Some people say Maybelline or Loreal is almost the same but way cheaper (after all, it's the same parent company), but I beg to differ. I've tried both Lancome and Maybelline, but Lancome cleans better!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 30, 2008 at 1:26 PM
Have you tried Clinique's Take The Day Off makeup remover? I find that it works just as well as Lancome's Bi-Facil but it's less expensive :)ReplyDelete
I love comments! Please ask away, provide info on how you liked something, etc. Note that spam, comments with random links (which I count as spam), anything not in english (again, spam) and comments that are completely unrelated to anything will all be deleted.


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Have a browse through our equipment and scroll to the bottom of the page to fill out a request form
Equipment is available for our active members to borrow. Only members recognised as regular attendees to Photo Soc events will be able to borrow equipment. When you do attend events, try to make yourself known to the committee by being helpful and friendly.
Wireless Flash Triggers
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Please select the dates below and fill out the details below for your loan request. We will get back to you by email asap.


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I'm off to sleep now, frosty see you tomorrow..night,night..
See you tomorrow everyone....
Merry Christmas to all...
We usually only get 2 or three kids each year noiw - they live across the street. Most kids go to other neighborhoods because ours is a tough one to navigate - a dead end and all hills! One year however, the boy across the street had a Halloween birthday party - so I ended up with 30 or so trick or treaters that year. Don't have to worry about him anymore since his family moved and he is a 31 year old actor living in Los Angeles!
I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas
Good morning to all!!
And so, as Tiny Tim observed, "God Bless us!! Everyone!!''
A Christmas Carol - Charles Dickens (1843)
good morning everyone...have a great day ahead guys
Hello and happy Monday morning hope it's a good week for everyone.


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Va Va Voluminous Petticoat in Red
Sold Out
Free Shipping
I can see it now. I'm strutting down the sidewalk in one of my 50s-inspired frocks, its sprightly skirt bobbing with whimsy and vivacity, thanks to this bubbly petticoat. Ever since I saw 'Back to the Future' at a young age, I've always loved bouncy A-line skirts like those the young Lorraine McFly wears. In a crinoline lined outfit, my twirls, skips, and kicks will be so much more fun. This classic petticoat features a comfortably elasticized waistband and two full layers of lacy red tulle that are smooth to the touch and sassy in shape. Let this crinoline's flirty ruffles peek from beneath the hem of a short skirt, or get the whole shape of an accordion-pleated skirt when you wear this hot number underneath. I can't wait to take my wardrobe back in time with this sweet and tart petticoat! -Angela, Fashion Writer
- 100% Polyester.
- Size 1 corresponds to sizes Extra Small to Medium. Size 2 corresponds to sizes Large to XXL. Fabric does not provide stretch. Elasticized waist.
- Machine wash.
- Unlined. Sheer.
- Imported


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Turley, Fox's Angle omitted key facts on controversial record of Bush judicial nominee Brown
Research ››› ››› JOSH KALVEN
During a one-on-one interview, Fox News host Jim Angle and George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley falsely suggested that the controversy surrounding Bush appellate court nominee Janice Rogers Brown rests on "inflammatory statements" she has made in public speeches far more than her record as a California Supreme Court justice. Angle also falsely suggested that Brown and former presidential candidate John Kerry received comparable electoral support in San Francisco.
On the May 20 edition of Fox News' Special Report with Brit Hume, Turley stated that Brown "has made some inflammatory statements, but those have tended to be in speeches." Angle asked in response, "Not in decisions?" Turley responded, "That's right," and went on to say: "It's not so bad to have people that challenge the norm in speeches. It's what she does in the court that's important, that's the measure."
But Angle and Turley failed to acknowledge that Brown has repeatedly allowed her personal views to inform her judicial decisions, according to her critics. Following her nomination to the California Supreme Court in 1996, the California State Bar Judicial Evaluations Committee deemed her "unqualified" and concluded she was "prone to inserting conservative personal views into her appellate opinions" [The Los Angeles Times, 4/26/96]. Brown's fellow California Supreme Court justices have regularly criticized Brown along similar lines, as the progressive judicial watchdog group Alliance for Justice noted in its report on Brown.
For example, in American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungren (1997), the California court struck down a state law that required parental consent for minors seeking an abortion. In her dissent, Brown accused the majority of ignoring evidence that the legislature was motivated by the ability of health care providers to make unbiased determinations of a minor's ability to give informed consent to an abortion. The plurality criticized Brown's argument because it was based on what she called an "alternative analysis" submitted by an anti-abortion group rather than on legislative history.
Alliance for Justice also cited numerous direct parallels between the language of Brown's speeches and her opinions on the California Supreme Court.
During the segment with Turley, Angle also stated that Brown received 79 percent of the vote in San Francisco in the 1998 election for the California Supreme Court and that Sen. John Kerry (D-MA) received 83 percent of the vote there in the 2004 presidential election. Angle concluded: "Now, are we to believe that this many people who voted for John Kerry also voted for someone the Democrats would characterize as a right-wing nut?"
But Angle's suggestion that Brown and Kerry share comparable electoral support in San Francisco is a misleading one. While it is correct that both candidates received large majorities in San Francisco County, Angle failed to note that Brown ran for retention in 1998 and therefore did not face an opponent. Additionally, Angle's suggestion that the same number of San Francisco residents "who voted for John Kerry also voted for [Brown]" is inaccurate. Kerry received 296,772 votes in San Francisco County in 2004, while Brown received 111,879 votes there in 1998.
From the May 20 edition of Fox News' Special Report with Brit Hume:
ANGLE: Now, there a lot of people who say -- the Democrats say these nominees are extremist judges. And for instance, they point to Janice Rogers Brown. Now, Janice Rogers Brown won her last election to the high court in California by, like, 79 percent in San Francisco, where John Kerry won about 83 percent of the vote.
Now, are we to believe that this many people who voted for John Kerry also voted for someone the Democrats would characterize as a right-wing nut?
TURLEY: Well, I actually think people are wrong about Justice Brown. The fact is that she has made some inflammatory statements, but those have tended to be in speeches. And I also --
ANGLE: Not in decisions?
TURLEY: That's right. And when I look at her decisions, I didn't see someone who was not willing to yield to legislative intent or to a higher court. And when it comes to her statements outside of the courtroom, you know, she's bucking the trend.
We're increasingly getting these vanilla-flavored nominees who have never had a creative thought or a creative statement. It's not so bad to have people that challenge the norm in speeches. It's what she does in the court that's important, that's the measure.
During an April 12 Special Report appearance purporting to analyze Bush's judicial nominees, Turley claimed he was "a little bit mystified as to why Brown has attracted so much criticism" and said, "I don't think she's been terribly controversial."
Media Matters for America has noted the consistent absence of progressive viewpoints in the one-on-one interview segment of Special Report with Brit Hume.
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- Government, Nominations & Appointments, The Judiciary
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If you've got a door, you've got a gym!
Get bigger, harder and stronger with the all-new, powerful Tower 200 from Body by Jake. You gotta door? You gotta gym!
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Category: Golda Meir
What could be a greater gift to bestow on your daughter than a name with a heroic namesake, someone with an inspiring story to add a layer of pride to your little girl's feelings about her name–and give her great material for a school report?
The following is a list of mostly American women of great courage, perseverence and accomplishment—many of whom broke barriers for women– that could fill this bill. And of course, this being nameberry, the name's the thing, so apologies to all the equally distinguished Marys, Elizabeths, Sarahs and Anns who haven't been included: the following ladies were picked (almost) as much for their interesting names as for their achievements.
ABIGAIL Adams – The first First Lady to occupy the White House and an ntellectually equal partner of her husband, President John Adams.
ADA LOVELACE – daughter of the poet Byron whose work in mathematics was (probably) a precursor of the modern computer.
AMELIA Earhart — the first woman to fly across the Atlantic.


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713-213-4286 firstname.lastname@example.com
University of St. Thomas Athletic Director Todd Smith announced the hiring of Philip Tate as the head golf coach for both the men's and women's teams.
Tate, who most recently worked with the men's golf team at Texas State University, has a long history with golf. He began playing at the age of nine after his father took him to the golf course and he quickly took to the game.
"It was a great way to occupy my time and it was difficult," Tate said. "I liked both aspects of that. It was something where I could walk up to a course and take some balls and hit."
Tate played at the collegiate level for Texas Tech University where he was a two-time Academic All American, All Big 12 and All Academic Southwest Conference. He had several top five finishes, played 32 of 33 events and was on the 1996 conference championship team.
After college he went on to play in the North Atlantic tour, the Tight Lies tour and several US amateur tours. He then became a teaching professional in Fort Worth, Texas where he gained experience coaching young athletes.
"Coach Tate is going to fit in very well at St. Thomas and in our athletic department," Smith said. "He is very energetic and ready to take the men's program to the next level while building the women's program into a more solid team. Phillip played in the Big 12 and coached most recently at Texas State. He has been around the game at all levels and is a great teacher of the game."
The prospect of coaching a young program initially drew Tate to UST. With a young team he could introduce his philosophy of the game: a strong knowledge of the fundamentals and a strong academic background.
Tate said when he met the players and saw their competitive drive he knew he was going to get a lot of hard work from them.
"We are going into this season ranked 19th in the country," Tate said. "I think the players have high expectations. I do too. I haven't set specific goals yet but I want to improve. I want to see us thinking better around the golf course, making better decisions and make improvements on the short game."
Educating Leaders of Faith and Character
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I love crossword puzzles, word puzzles and anagrams, and I'm pretty sure my obsession stems back to spending hours trying to master my mom's Scrabble techniques or complete a crossword puzzle with my grandmother.
Stimulating your little ones with word games when they are young is a fun way to instill a lifelong love of all things related to language. And what better way to do that than with this fun wallpaper I found on Minor Details?
Your kids will love the chance to draw on the walls, and you'll love how much they'll be stimulated by a simple strip of wallpaper!


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Meet IBM technical experts at Bedfont, England on May 23rd. They will deliver a half-day technical customer briefing entitled "Effective Team Collaboration in an On Demand Workplace." Or if you are in Amsterdam on the 24th afternoon, that will work too...
Register Here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/offers/techbriefings/details/dve.html?S_TACT=105AGX01&S_CMP=HP
This event will highlight how organizations can benefit from the capabilities of our Lotus technologies to become, and remain, a flexible, highly responsive on demand business. This road show is unique in that the content is delivered via live demonstrations and technical discussion.
The agenda is as follows:
- 08:30 - 09:30 Registration
- 09:30 - 10:00 Collaboration in an On Demand World
- 10:00 - 11:00 E-Mail: The Collaboration Cornerstone (Lotus Notes/Domino)
- 11:00 - 11:30 Enhancing the Collaborative Experience (Lotus Domino Designer)
- 11:30 - 11:45 Break
- 11:45 - 12:45 Improving User Productivity (IBM WebSphere Portal)
- 12:45 - 13:15 Simplifying the User Experience -Next Generation "Hannover" Client)
- 13:15 - 13:30 How to Get Started/Wrap-Up
Register Here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/offers/techbriefings/details/dve.html?S_TACT=105AGX01&S_CMP=HP[Read More]


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Little Devils Circus
Looking for a NEW, FUN and EXCITING activity?
Come to Melbourne's top kids' Circus School!
Little Devils have been teaching circus skills to children for over 10 years. We work with ages ranging from 5 to adults.
Our hugely popular Holiday Programs run during all school holidays. Beginner to intermediate level, 2-hour sessions to whole day, separate & mixed age ranges depending on the day.
Circus is a fantastic way to:
- Build self-confidence and self-esteem;
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- Have FUN in a SAFE environment.
Our classes are packed with activities, such as:
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Two convenient locations near shopping centres & cafes - your children don't need to be the only ones having fun!
Click on Visit Website below for calendars, costs and full program rundown, or call us on 1300 JUGGLE (1300 584 453).
Contact: 1300 JUGGLE (1300 584 453)


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You've missed out on 15 Wattlebird Way, Malua Bay but you can still learn more about the people who live nearby. Could you picture yourself living in this part of Malua Bay? You can find out more about 15 Wattlebird Way, Malua Bay on the Property 360 profile page on realestateVIEW.com.au.
With TAXIBOX, you'll never have to drive to a storage facility again. It's easy:


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|Topic Review (Newest First)
Brand New DC Ceptor SE 12 size 10.5 and 2010 Burton Ion size 10
Brand new DC Ceptor SE 12 in size 10.5 with Recco Avalanche technology - Product description from DC.
The Ceptor is the most versatile lace boot on the planet. There are no gimicks when it comes to this boot, just technical features to provide you with the best days of your life. It's the boot of choice for Devun Walsh and Lauri Heiskari.
Durable, water-resistant synthetic leather upper
Aerotech ventilation systems adds breathability
Molded backstay for stiff flex
Power direct outer lacing system with wraplock technology
Internal constrictor closure system with single-pull cinch provides precise adjustability
Touch-fasten calf strap
3D tongue for fewer pinch points
Internal neoprene ankle harness and J-bars eliminate heel lift
Articulated cuff for easy break-in and flexibility
UniLite rubber outsole with Impact-G footbed adds cushioning and protection
Heel pull strap for easy on
Welded toe cap adds durability
AEGIS Microbe Shield® for odor control
RECCO® passive avalanche recovery reflector enables fast searching and directional pinpointing of avalanche victims
DC Ceptor SE - Imgur
DC Ceptor 2 - Imgur
DC Ceptor 3 - Imgur
DC Ceptor 4 - Imgur
Price: $100 shipped!
I also have for sale a used pair of 2010 Burton Ion's ridden for one season in size 10 - Product description from Burton.
Burton Ion Snowboard Boots 2010: Ridden by more Burton and non-Burton (shhh) pros than any other, the Ion has easily claimed more podiums, covers, and videos than any other. The proving grounds for the latest innovations, the Ion is built to adapt and destroy. The fastest, most adjustable lacing system locks you into the superior heel hold of a fully upgraded liner. The heightened feel of the EST midsole can even be fine tuned with Burtons exclusive RX Adjustable Cushioning system.
Flex Rating and Fit
Flex: 8 (1 Soft 10 Stiff). The Burton Ion Snowboard Boots are a stiffer boot perfect for backcountry pow slashes and riders who prefer a bit more support from their boots.
The dual-density design of the Ice Spikes creates a soft, grippy outsole enhanced with stiffer spikes that dig into ice when slipping isnt an option.
Thin Profile 3D Molded Tongue - Adjusting the profile of the tongues thickness controls its flex, enhances its ability to wrap the forefoot, and reduces shell/liner stack-up for improved comfort.
Burton Imprint liners rock three different types of external support panels. Theyre built using memory materials that, even after being deeply flexed, cause both the liner and shell to snap back into their original position.
Liner and Lacing
Whether you have funky cankles or a grotesque sixth toe, rest assured that your feet will be wrapped with comfort in Burtons Imprint liner. While they fit great out of the box, you can even custom mold these babies to the shape of your foot with Burtons EMU heat-molding system, found at your local shop.
Special Features
Shrinkage Footprint Reduction Technology reduces the boots overall footprint one full size, meaning a size 10 boot fits like a size 10, but has the footprint of a typical size 9. Shorter, lighter, and less bulky, with Shrinkage you can finally ride the board of your dreams.
Burton Ions - Imgur
Burton Ions 2 - Imgur
Burton Ions 3 - Imgur
Burton Ions 4 - Imgur
Price: $150 shipped!
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Secure and Protect Networks and Computer Systems
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Our Network Security program specialization provides you with a solid knowledge of current and emerging technology trends in security, risk mitigation, disaster recovery and network administration. Today's information technology management professionals need the right combination of education, certification and experience. Our Network Security Associate's degree graduates are proficient in cloud computing, systems integration and are qualified to successfully protect company data and other sensitive information.
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Entrance requirements at the Rasmussen College School of Technology vary depending on the program. We do not require enrolling students to submit standardized test scores and your GPA does not affect acceptance. However, every entrant must have at least a high school diploma or the equivalent.
RN to BSN Expected Program Outcomes*
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*CCNE defines Program Outcomes as "Statements of levels of achievement, which encompass student achievement, faculty achievement, and other program-selected indicators of achievement. Program outcomes may be expressed in the form of overall program goals, end-of program outcomes, curricular outcomes, and/or faculty outcomes."close
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|Job Title(s)
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|25th Percentile
|50th Percentile
|Job Growth (By Year 2024)
|Computer User Support Specialist
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Employment Statistics, [salary data accessed August 9, 2016] www.bls.gov/oes/. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, [career information accessed February 25, 2016] www.bls.gov/ooh/. BLS salary data represents national, averaged earnings for the occupations listed and includes workers at all levels of education and experience. This data does not represent starting salaries. Employment conditions in your area may vary.
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Network Security Associates's degree
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*Educational program costs are representative.
The BLS states the median yearly salary for a Computer User Support Specialist is $86,710. If you invested $26,910 in your Network Security Associates's degree and started a career as a Computer User Support Specialist , your estimated return on investment would be $2,574,390 throughout your career.*close
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text:
Last year, and the year before that, there was a thread about the accurate vest material for Boba. (ROTJ MoM/AoSW most likely). Anyone could help out here?
I know that Bobafettish was in charge of that thread back then, but I just don't want to bother too much about it. Any comments/info about it? If there'
s some coming in the near horizon....I wanna be the first one in line for some of that material. :)


text: Cool Site – Our lives are comprised of stories. Stories that we tell ourselves, and stories that we tell our friends and families. We experience people, events, and even fantasies through stories. How often have you thought, "What's that person's story? cowbird is a site that offers you an amazing space to tell stories in. Continue reading


text:
by HGST
Jul 31, 2014
In order to support today's high-transaction and data-intensive analytics applications, flash storage has moved into the mainstream to replace spinning disks.
HGST's Server-side PCIe flash storage is a high-performance and cost-effective alternative to a traditional SAN architecture. However, in Oracle environments, the requirement of shared access to all primary storage has limited the full potential of flash storage.
Download this complete Solution Brief to learn how to
• Leverage Oracle's own Automatic Storage Management capabilities
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• Scale flash storage capacity independently of compute resources


text:
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Learn how easy it is to prune roses, so you get the best results in spring.
D.I.Y. balcony and courtyard garden
Even if your outdoor space is limited to a balcony or courtyard, it doesn't mean you have to miss out on having a garden. The team at Tuscan Path, who have been supplying pots to the Australian marketplace for over 40 years, share some ideas on how ...
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text:
Dew melon knob
Click on image to zoom
Dew melon ceramic knob. Ideal for kitchen cabinets, kitchen drawers, dining room, bed room, chest drawers, dressing tables, almirahs, etc.
- No additional hardware required
- pack of one piece
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- 1.75 inches diameter approx.
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- Bolt can be trimmed to size
- Hand Made
Available in silver, golden and antique fitting.
Posted in: Knobs & Handles, Ceramic knobs, Ceramic floral pattern knobs
Product Code: CK-124


text:
Pinterest is reported to have over 70 million users and has surpassed email as one of the top sharing platforms online according to Share This. It's no wonder why so may businesses are riding the wave of Pinterest. With these stats, I became curious as to what made this channel so darn powerful. So, after getting past the learning curve, I went on a hunt to figure some things out. If you still don't get what Pinterest is all about take a look at this cute and short video (less than 2 minutes) to gain some understanding on how it works.
For businesses, Pinterest is a great tool because you can share content by way of appealing images, graphics, pictures etc. that can ultimately increase your sales. Since many people absorb better through visuals, the growth of Pinterest is expected to continue to stay on the rise.
So, in light of this predicted growth, I set out to research the most recent and popular articles online related to Pinterest in an effort to gain some understanding. Learning some Pinterest tips for business will improve my overall interaction level on this platform through the use of methods and tools in order to bring more visitors to my websites. Here's what I found:
Does Pinterest convert? According to Copyblogger's Pinterest Works article, heck yeah and they have proof to show it. Copyblogger is considered one of the pioneers of blogging so when they have something to say, I usually listen. I enjoyed this article because I was a skeptic myself on the power of Pinterest for business. Delineated in it is some social proof of how this amazing tool drives thousands of referral traffic to a couple of online publishers. It also offers a simple step-by-step process on how you can use Pinterest to drive more traffic to your website. Copplyblogger debunks the the Pinterest naysayers.
Need more proof? Here it is. This blogger shrugged Pinterest off because she thought her "marketing" and "tech" themes weren't visually enticing enough to use Pinterest. Therefore, she embarked on a research bend and now Pinterst is her second top referral source for social traffic. She offers 40+ strategies to drive more traffic.
How do you optimize your images for more traffic? This is one of my favorites because Cynthia Sanchez offers a video on how to do this exactly through the use keyword rich descriptions to help your pins be found. She also offers a podcast that may be helpful.
How are Hashtags used? Hashtags are profusely used in in many social marketing platforms. Hashtags use on Pinterest, as per this article, is used differently than on twitter. If you want to learn to use of Hashtags for Pinterest for better search results, this resource offers 7 tips.
If what you've heard is that Pinterst is mostly a social media platform for recipes, arts & crafts and shoes well, here is a list of 15 bloggers using Pinterest for their blogging efforts. From SEO to Internet Marketing and social media pinboards, take a look at how these bloggers use Pinterest. It will give you a some ideas on how to combine blogging and Pinterest in creative ways.
Want to know what the best tools are to heighten the efficiency of Pinterest for your business? Here are 9 tools shared in this article by Business 2 Community that can help you make the best of your Pinterest pinboards. From Pinterest analytics to creating an online store on Pinterest you'll be able to find at least one item on the list that you'll be able to put to use right away.
Besides tools, learn some Pinterest tricks that all bloggers should consider – 7 to be exact. In this article, Hello Society dishes out some cool tricks that can catapult your blogging and put you on the Pinterest map. Up until know, I have just been posting my social friendly images attached to my blog content all over social media but with this article, I learned to not only have an exclusive blogging content pinboard but also exclusive images for Pinterst. This entices people to keep coming back for more so you can continue to optimize this avenue further in your marketing. There are also examples of blog content boards that just got my creative juices flowing all over the place.
In November of 2013, Pinterest introduced Place Pins which as per Pinterest, combines the imgery of a travel magazine with an online map. Social Media Examiner shows you 6 ways in which you can promote your business with this new feature. It also has a tutorial on how to create a Place Board.
Want to join the work at home movement? Here's your invite. Get some home business tips, resources & some occasional booty kicking…just saying:) You In?
Cool! Glad you want in. Please check your email to confirm. Didn't get the email? Check your spam or junk folder:)


text:
Date: 02/11/2007
Views: 429
critiquing the clinic, session A
oh, goodie - lunch! :)
sweeping warmups
a few more warmups
lunch line
fill out the critiques so we know how well we did!
afternoon, session B, getting underway
again, with the stone handling technique
proper grip
after the transfer, there's the dip - new step, if needed
again with the grip
on the ice to learn about angles
double take-out, how would you do it? bowlers, think 7-10 split :)
the secret is back of stone to front of stone line! that's where you want to hit it!
how to promote: for frozen stones, treat them like the lead stone isn't there - throw draw weight! no harder!
back in the warm room, stretching a bit
yep, she's got it!
and the hamstrings
they're grinning - doesn't this look like fun? :)
ready for the ice
sweeping warmups (our DIs made them do it 5 times! uh, any Army types out there to explain that term? :)
"landing" the airplane
"crashing" the airplane
got to remark on "proper" technique :)


text: A diamond may be forever, but Nokia phones come pretty dang close to matching diamonds in toughness. Case in point, a Swedish man who dropped his phone in a lake three and a half months ago. He recently found his Lumia 800 and the results are pretty typical of Nokia devices that go to hell and back.


text:
Dolphin Artists :: COC
Related ArtistsPatti Smith, Talking Heads, David Byrne, Pink Floyd, Jimi Hendrix, Buddy Guy, The Rolling Stones, My Bloody Valentine, Peter Green, The Clash
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text:
This page is describes changes proposed to the openEHR release 1.0.2 Reference Model (RM) in response to the many lessons learned over the years since its publication. The issues driving the changes are recorded on the Jira SPECPR issue tracker .
There are two possible flavours of proposals here. The first is for changes that have acceptable impact on the growing number of openEHR-based production systems and data. The second is for 'ideal' next generation models that don't necessarily take account of impact on existing data and systems. However, even 'blue-sky' suggestions need to be aware of the 'community memory' that exists, including people's current understanding of names and design ideas within the openEHR models. Is creating a completely new Reference Model still 'openEHR'? We need to be clear on what we understand as being an 'openEHR RM' versus something else, such as the 13606 RM, also based on the openEHR archetype design concept.
For the purpose of clarity, we suggest that this page and its children address only the 'openEHR Reference Model', not other reference models that simply use the archetype-based methodology.
Current state - Release 1.0.2
The current data structure models are shown below.
Problems / irritations with the above models appear to include the following:
- few archetypes use anything but ITEM_TREE because it appears that one 'can never know' if some more detail will be needed later
- TB: but what about things like Apgar, Barthel etc - surely they are linear lists?
- also, it appears that some form of 'table' structure is still needed
- ITEM_TREE, ITEM_LIST etc cannot be nested inside each other arbitrarily.
- the structures complicate the software unnecessarily, without adding much value (this would clearly be true if no/limited use is being made of ITEM_LIST, ITEM_SINGLE) - [question: by "use is being made", do you mean use of the class methods in software or use of the structuring possibilities? The structuring possibilities will remain if a structure_type variable is used.]
- Depending on how you write and divide/distribute software functionality, having ITEM_STRUCTURE subclasses may just complicate class structure and not add any value at all in server/backend/query code and storage. Storing the same structure/presentation info in a structure_type variable will still give GUI code what it needs for validation and presentation but a handful of classes less to implement and maintain e.g. on the server side. Some implementations (or parts of implementations) handle openEHR structures mainly as documents, not objects, thus only stored attributes, not object methods, are used - in those cases the methods of ITEM_STRUCTURE subclasses bring absolutely no value and a structure_type variable would be easier to handle than having to store or infer object type info.
- When learning and presenting openEHR, there will be fewer classes and one level of nesting less to consider, making the design less cluttered.
- "Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away." - Antoine de Saint-Exupery
- archetype paths are made longer and more complex ... MORE INFO REQUIRED - WHAT'S THE PROBLEM?** Paths are used e.g. in AQL queries - shortening or simplification of paths make queries easier to read, write and understand.
- Having fewer nesting levels to traverse in hierarchical database backends (e.g. network-DBs and XML-DBs) or ORM mapping frameworks when fetching data from queries would likely improve performance.
- Shorter paths also means less to parse and translate for the query processing software, but without measuring the impact of this it is not possible to say if it matters very much for performance in practice.
- a clear solution to the pizza problem (multi-value items & UI) is needed
- add a type that is a mixture of CLUSTER and ELEMENT, i.e. has a value and also children, to allow for the fractal nature of data, with a 'summary' value, plus underlying detail
Below, various simplified models are proposed, each with an impact analysis.
Candidate A - make ITEM_STRUCTURE inherit from CLUSTER
Proposal - Thomas Beale
under construction
Design concept
- Keep ITEM_STRUCTURE and children, but just make them a variety of CLUSTER. Impact remaining model as little as possible.
- ITEM_STRUCTURE now inherits from CLUSTER.
- all static declarations in the remainder of the RM for ITEM_STRUCTURE changed to CLUSTER. In theory they should stay ITEM_STRUCTURE, but the problem is that with no static declarations anywhere for CLUSTER or ITEM, CLUSTER archetypes have no place to go, and the CLUSTER type is not detected by my current 'type closure' detecting algorithm. This should probably be changed.
- the types ITEM_TREE, ITEM_SINGLE, ITEM_TABLE, ITEM_LIST could be kept as programming types for manipulating the specific kinds of data structure - they provide a formalisation of the respective constraints on contents (i.e. ITEM_LIST can only contain ELEMENTs, and so on)
- Interior nodes of an ITEM_TREE (aka CLUSTER) can now be other ITEM_STRUCTURE subtypes.
Impact Analysis
On RM
On existing archetypes
On archetype tooling
On existing RM-1.0.2 based software
On existing RM 1.0.2 data
The structure_type attribute of the CLUSTER class is slightly redundant with respect to the ITEM_STRUCTURE descendant types, but makes sense in terms of backward compatibility with existing data. A system that already has ITEM_STRUCTURE + subtypes, + existing instances of those types might be changed to only create CLUSTER-based data in the future, where only the structure_type attribute was used to mark the intended logical structure of a given CLUSTER subtree. Assuming this attribute is used for anything but 'tree', then the result is software that has to implement the same logic as the original ITEM_STRUCTURE descendants, but without having any explicit types to which to attach it.
The second obvious comment one can make on this above model is that ITEM_STRUCTURE is technically redundant (i.e. if building such a model from scratch, it would not be needed). We have left it in here, so that existing static declarations of type ITEM_STRUCTURE in the Release 1.0.2 openEHR RM will remain valid. Getting rid of it would require changing such static references to CLUSTER.
Candidate A.1 - Add VALUE_CLUSTER, Remove ITEM_STRUCTURE types
Proposal - Thomas Beale / Ian McNicoll
This particular model uses 'diamond' multiple inheritance, and is not intended for a real proposal, since most languages don't support this, and it isn't really necessary anyway. Here it is used just to illustrate the concept.
Design Concept
In this model, a new class is added that combines CLUSTER and ELEMENT. This reflects the fractal nature of reality. Initially you think you have just an ELEMENT, but later on, people want to start recording more fine detail. In the other direction, information users often want a 'summary' data point for a collection of details. No ITEM_STRUCTURE classes are included at all.
This model is not intended as a 'final solution', just to show what is needed (a CLUSTER-with-value idea), and one way to model it. The technical needs we are trying to meet here are:
- retain CLUSTER and ELEMENT classes, since they remain useful, are already defined, and map cleanly to 13606-1
- support efficient, shortest possible path to a summary data item (e.g. 'smoking status' = Smoker)
- ensure that if the summary item is added at runtime, e.g. by converting a CLUSTER to the new CLUSTER+value type, the paths of the underlying detailed items don't change
- ensure that if an ELEMENT is converted to a CLUSTER+value at runtime, the path of the ELEMENT.value does not change
- make it so that a specialised archetype can convert a CLUSTER or ELEMENT to a CLUSTER+value type
A new VALUE_CLUSTER, inheriting from ELEMENT and CLUSTER provides the semantics of both: a node which can itself have a value (like an ELEMENT), but may still hvae substructure. By inheriting from both CLUSTER and ELEMENT, it means that where either of these two are currently specified in the RM or archetypes, VALUE_CLUSTER could be substituted at runtime.The downside of this model is that there is no way to force a node to be just an ELEMENT or CLUSTER, since the new type is always substitutable.
Impact Analysis
On RM
On existing archetypes
On archetype tooling
On existing RM-1.0.2 based software
On existing RM 1.0.2 data
Questions/thoughts from Erik Sundvall:
- The above VALUE_CLUSTER sugestion is an interesting change, and if flexibility is what is sought for, then perhaps the simplification can be taken even further...
- Now the current ITEM+ELEMENT+CLUSTER follows the composite design pattern (see c2 wiki and wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_pattern). But since there are not many common operations/methods shared by ELEMENTs and CLUSTERs (except the ones already in PATHABLE/LOCATABLE) then perhaps the composite design pattern is not needed/helpful in this part of the openEHR structure. (Also see discussions at CompositeConsideredHarmful and maybe this.)
- If the contents of both ELEMENT and CLUSTER are pushed up to ITEM then we get the same functionality as proposed in VALUE_CLUSTER, but with fewer classes. (ITEM_STRUCTURE will not be needed, see the "Middle and Lower IM"-suggestion further down on this page, but perhaps ITEM_STRUCTURE would be a better name than ITEM for this new super-ITEM with VALUE_CLUSTER capabilities). And one (debatable) way of looking at the ITEM/ITEM_STRUCTURE family of classes is to consider them as being just for structuring and naming nodes internally in a hierarchy and considering the the DATA_VALUE classes to be the real leafs. (Yes, debatable...)
- Perhaps what is mentioned as a "downside" above (not being able to force ELEMENT or CLUSTER) is achievable (if wanted) by archetyping a new super-ITEM to have 0 items (forcing ELEMENT-functionallity) or 1..* items (forcing CLUSTER-functionality)? Also, perhaps "value" can be archetyped as disallowed if you rally want to force value-less CLUSTER behaviour.
Candidate A.2 - Modify CLUSTER to have local value
Proposal - Thomas Beale / Ian McNicoll
Under development
Design Concept
The design intent of this solution is the same as for Candidate A.1 above. However, in this version, we want to add a value attribute to the CLUSTER class. Since ELEMENT already has this, we can move it to ITEM, the common parent. The technical needs we are trying to meet here are:
- retain CLUSTER and ELEMENT classes, since they remain useful, are already defined, and map cleanly to 13606-1
- support efficient, shortest possible path to a summary data item (e.g. 'smoking status' = Smoker)
- ensure that if the summary item is added at runtime, e.g. by populating the new CLUSTER.value attribute, the paths of the underlying detailed items don't change
- ensure that if an ELEMENT is changed to a CLUSTER at archetype design time, the path of the value attribute does not change - means that AQL queries are preserved.
The value properties from ELEMENT are moved to ITEM.
The following shows the adjusted CLUSTER/ELEMENT part of the model.
Impact Analysis
On RM
On existing archetypes
On archetype tooling
On existing RM-1.0.2 based software
On existing RM 1.0.2 data
Candidate A.3 - Integrated model 1 - preserve current archetypes
Proposal - Thomas Beale
Under development
Design Concept
The design integrates Candidate A (ITEM_STRUCTURE becomes a child of CLUSTER) and A.2 (ELEMENT.value & null_flavour move to ITEM). The effects of this should be as follows:
- with respect to CLUSTER/ELEMENT, same as for A.2, i.e. CLUSTERs now get optoinal values & null_flavour as well
- ITEM_STRUCTURE is retained because it is used ubiquitously in the openEHR RM and archetypes; therefore the current archetypes will not break.
- The value properties from ELEMENT are moved to ITEM.
- ITEM_STRUCTURE becomes child of CLUSTER
- DATA_STRUCTURE class removed
The following shows the result.
Candidate A.4 - Make ITEM the focal 'data structure' class
Proposal - Thomas Beale
Under development
Design Concept
This version assumes that where ITEM_STRUCTURE is referenced in the model, we will now just use ITEM.
Note that the ITEM_STRUCTURE + subclasses could in theory be moved to another part of the spec, to do with implementation (I would have made the classes another colour here if the tool had allowed it). I do think they will help implementers when non-tree data structures are encoded as CLUSTER / ELEMENT hierarchies, because with no guidance they will all invent their own structures, and the data will be a mess. Standardised rules for encoding tables and lists as CLUSTER / ELEMENT trees will directly influence how archetyping tools represent structures like table (of various kinds) and list that may be presented in the UI of a modelling tool.
In addition to Candidate A.3 changes:
- Convert references in RM to ITEM_STRUCTURE to ITEM
- Optionally removed ITEM_STRUCTURE (it is shown as retained here)
- keep ITEM_STRUCTURE descendants, providing a standardised programming interface to tree, list, table etc arrangements of CLUSTER/ELEMENTs
This will break all RM-based software, most openEHR archetypes today, and is not directly compatible with existing openEHR data. However the costs may be reasonable:
- although the RM will break, the semantics of ITEM and ITEM_STRUCTURE are not that different, and the changes should generally be simplications / removal;
- archetypes could be automatically processed to make the change. Almost all real archetypes use ITEM_TREE, which has the 'items' attribute which is the same as for CLUSTER.
- existing data would either have to be migrated to the new form (assessment required) or converted on the fly to the new form during querying.
The following shows the result.
Candidate B - Remove ITEM_STRUCTURE
Proposal - Pablo Pazos
under construction
Design concept
- Remove ITEM_STRUCTURE and use ITEM for structures without losing meaning/semantics/modeling capabilities.
- Removed ITEM_STRUCTURE and children.
- Added attribute structure_type:CODE_PRHASE to CLUSTER (as in 13606 model)
- Added method is_root() to ITEM
- ITEM inherits from DATA_STRUCTURE
- Added backguards relationship "parent" from ITEM to CLUSTER
I have the source of this diagram if anyone wants it, it's a .dia file (http://live.gnome.org/Dia)
Impact Analysis
On RM
RM change
On existing archetypes
RM change
On archetype tooling
RM change
On existing RM-1.0.2 based software
RM change
On existing RM 1.0.2 data
transformation needed
Candidate C - simplification and class renaming for easier explanation and implementation
Proposal - Erik Sundvall
Now updated to include the suggested "Candidate A.2" ITEM/CLUSTER/ELEMENT change.
Design Concept
Due to archetyping the model could actually be allowed to be simpler than the 1.0.2 spec is without losing any significant expressiveness. The intention is primarily to make learning and usage simpler for archetype authors, but hopefully also for implementers. Below is an initial suggestion based on some previous mail threads
- http://www.openehr.org/mailarchives/openehr-clinical/msg01353.html, Mar 2009, Confusing naming of OBSERVATION and EVALUATION?
- http://www.openehr.org/mailarchives/openehr-technical/msg05299.html, Nov 2010, openEHR-13606 harmonization CR regarding CLUSTER/TABLE etc and ENTRY/OBSERVATION
See comments in diagram.
'UML' image above produced by pasting the "diagram sourcecode" below to http://yuml.me/diagram/scruffy/class/draw2 (initially by Erik Sundvall)
The yellow stuff is what I guess could be in a 13606-1(a?) "healthcare a-specific" update and the rest in a new 13606-6 or 13606-1b healthcare-specific part.
I have likely missed some details (and did not have time to add datatypes to all attributes, but they are in the openEHR specs).
[note: No change suggestions in ACTION and INSTRUCTION except that ITEM_STRUCTURE type is replaced by ITEM] [CONTENT_ITEM{bg:yellow}]]^[SECTION|0..* items: List CONTENT_ITEM{bg:yellow}] [CONTENT_ITEM]^[ENTRY|data: ITEM{bg:yellow}]] [CONTENT_ITEM]^[ABSTRACT_CARE_ENTRY|0..1 protocol: ITEM;0..1 guideline_id: OBJECT_REF;0..1 workflow_id: OBJECT_REF;language: CODE_PHRASE;encoding: CODE_PHRASE;subject: PARTY_PROXY;0..1 provider: PARTY_PROXY;0..1 other_participations: List PARTICIPATION; ] [ABSTRACT_CARE_ENTRY]^[CARE_ENTRY|data: ITEM] [CARE_ENTRY]-[note:CARE_ENTRY Replaces both ADMIN_ENTRY and EVALUATION.] [ABSTRACT_CARE_ENTRY]^[OBSERVATION|data: EVENTS;0..1 state: EVENTS] [ABSTRACT_CARE_ENTRY]^[INSTRUCTION] [ABSTRACT_CARE_ENTRY]^[ACTION] [ENTRY]-[note:ENTRY replaces GENERIC_ENTRY and is intended also for 'healthcare a-specific' stuff as indicated useful by 13606 experiences] [EVENTS|origin;0..1 period;0..1 duration]++-events>[EVENT|time;0..1 state: ITEM; data: ITEM]] [EVENTS]-[note: HISTORY renamed to EVENTS] [EVENT]^[INTERVAL_EVENT|width;0..1 sample_count;math_function] [ITEM|0..1 null_flavor;0..1 value DATA_VALUE{bg:yellow}]^[ELEMENT|{bg:yellow}] [ITEM]^[CLUSTER|1..* items: ITEM;0..1 structure_type: CODE_PHRASE{bg:yellow}] [CLUSTER]-[note: 'structure_type' indicates if the cluster is to be validated and interpereted as e.g. a table or list - defaulting to tree if not provided]
Impact Analysis
On RM
On existing archetypes
On archetype tooling
On existing RM-1.0.2 based software
On existing RM 1.0.2 data
13 Comments
Conceptually/Semantically alternatives A and B are equivalent, in B the ITEM_STRUCRURE and subclasses are implicit in the model but are present in the specs as rules/constraints on ITEM/ELEMENT/CLUSTER.
Yes, indeed. Now these two proposals look identical after Thomas changed the UML class diagram of the proposal A =)
Why History and ItemStructure inherit from DataStructure? What's the value of the abstract class ItemStructure? Wouldn't it be better to have History directly descent from Locatable? This way, we can get rid of the abstract class DataStructure that doesn't seem to do a lot.
The new A.2 (Modify CLUSTER to have local value) by Tom looks very promising since it will keep query paths stable even when refinements in new archetypes are made. Good thinking!
I have now modified Candidate C to include/subsume A.2
If adding a structure_type attribute to CLUSTER (or possibly ITEM) the whole ITEM_STRUCTURE family can become an optional (or implementation specific) thing available for those that need the methods offered by ITEM_TABLE and its siblings. They do not contribute sufficiently to be mandatory in an openEHR implementation.
Since we are talking 2.0 not 1.x I also think the entry classes should be simplified as outlined in Candidate C (The names and usages of EVALUATION and ADMIN_ENTRY seem to have confused people during archetyping without the separation adding much value. The word "evaluation" can still be used in an archetype name if that kind of marker is wanted.
Hi Erik,
"since it will keep query paths stable even when refinements in new archetypes are made." - that was exact aim of the proposal. Very often when creating an archetype we are faced with doubt about how much granularity might be needed at any particular node. The current RM forces us to either over-simplify and risk a later path-breaking change or create perhaps unnecessary structure which is never used. The changes should allow us to defer the decison until the requirements are clear. I also think this pattern may have some value in the context of complex post-coordination binding.
I have some sympathy with simplification of the ENTRY classes and I would certainly be happy to accept the structural fusion of EVALUATION and ADMIN_ENTRY (plus losing protocol as an attribute). However, we know from other clinical modelling environments that it is helpful to be able to categorise entries. I suppose what I am suggesting is a looser coupling between the structure and ontology, so that we can continue to classify an archetype as an EVALUATION without having to make that firm structural or even ontological commitment. We choose the structure that fits, then label it onotologically (which may change). This is not dissimilar to what is being proposed for the sub-classes of ITEM_STRUCTURE which will become intended/suggested design patterns.
I am not sure how far we can push this e.g to bridge the similar difficulties with OBSERVATION/EVALUATION where dates are a particularly difficult issue.
It seems like A.4 picks up the main points I had regarding ITEM_STRUCTURE provided that ITEM_STRUCTURE and its siblings can be made an _optional_ "standardised programming interface" used only when needed.
Switching to 2.0 together with 13606- and CIMI-discusions will be a good timing for the RM-breaking changes. There is likely less openEHR-based real patient data needing re-formatting now than in the future :-) and as stated by Tom the conversions are likely possible to automate.
Ian, I don't think we need to "push this e.g to bridge the similar difficulties with OBSERVATION/EVALUATION", especially if what used to be EVALUATION gets called e.g. CARE_ENTRY instead. A simple observation-like note without any detailed timing can then be modeled as a CARE_ENTRY, but when you need structured timing you turn to the OBSERVATION class. OBSERVATION could the be called CARE_ENTRY_WITH_STRUCTURED_TIMING, but that is plain ugly and I guess most such things are observations of some kind anyway - thus I think we can keep the OBSERVATION name.
What did you mean by "losing protocol as an attribute"?
I would not be in favour of making ADMIN_ENTRY and EVALUATION the same thing, just because their data structures are (today) the same. The intent in such distinctions is to a) give developers something to hang on to, because the programming of Administrative data objects will almost certainly differ from that for Evaluations and b) to make it easier to understand what the data are intended to be. Today we can do an AQL query for all ADMIN_ENTRYs in a time period and have an instant administrative view of a patient hospital stay. With no ADMIN_ENTRY, you can't write an ADMIN_ENTRY archetype. You could obviously write many different kinds of 'administrative' archetypes (presumably based on some generic ENTRY class), but now your queries get more complex in trying to find them all. So then you create a parent 'admin' archetype .... so now you are back to square one, with all your 'real' admin archetypes having to inherit from this archetype. Or we could just provide ADMIN_ENTRY in the model.
All this could obviously be achieved by coding, but all we are doing in that case is moving the ontology definition problem to another place... where will the ontology of clinical information types be agreed? OGMS? Not a chance? SNOMED CT? It's idea of information types is pretty hopeless.Maybe there is some other place, but I think for the moment it is a good compromise just to do it in openEHR.
So the real requirement is to be able to differentiate administrative data from other data (in queries and possibly GUIs) at the RM-level without having to look at any archetype info?
In that case perhaps an optional attribute like "entry_type" (a CODE_PHRASE?) in the ABSTRACT_CARE_ENTRY might be a marker just as useful as using class names as markers - it would certainly queryable in AQL. An optional marker attribute (initially only used to mark administrative entires) would also allow for new or changed "ontological" perspectives on entry types later without RM-redesign. In figure 18 of the AO http://www.openehr.org/releases/1.0.2/html/architecture/overview/Output/design_of_ehr.html#1165607 a rich ontology of 17 entry types is presented. As an implementer I am very glad those 17 entry types are not all different marker classes with a majority having identical attributes. The archetyping approach allows us have a small stable RM without too many separate classes. It is not obvious why any entry class that does not need extra object attributes should be a separate class. The reason to join several ontological entry types (currently under the EVALUATION class) could also be applied to ADMIN_ENTRY.
If the "entry_type" marker is added in the ABSTRACT_CARE_ENTRY, then also INSTRUCTION+ACTION entry combinations could be reused for some administrative purposes where the instruction state machine would be of help.
P.s. A side effect of the current practice of having marker classnames instead of marker attributes is that compact serialization formats in some cases will need to store class type (that could otherwise have been inferred) if the class attribute signatures are identical for several classes that may be expected at the same nesting level.
Regarding the proposal A.2, would it be really needed in that case to maintain the ELEMENT and CLUSTER classes at all? Now there would be little difference between the concept of a "data holder" class and a "container class" that can also hold a data value. Those classes do not add new semantics or support different kinds of information and we could just talk of the ITEM class.
Obviously to keep them allows to maintain the compatibility of past archetypes, but if the idea is to allow that future archetypes can evolve seamlesly when they need more granularity, the incompatibility will be back. Not at the paths, that will be maintained as it has been said, but yes at the archetype structure. We will have to change the archetype definition from using an ELEMENT to now use a CLUSTER.
@Erik I like this idea. Disconnecting the useful, but tricky, requirement to create an ontology of clinical record types, from the equally tricky but absolute need to create re-useable clinical record structures is worth serious consideration. I am not sure how far we can push the idea through all the ENTRY sub-classes but I like the principle.
@David I can see the attraction of what you are suggesting, but I think we would still need to be able to define a particular node as fixed and, as you have said, we would have some significant issues with backwards compatibility. Perhaps worthlooking at in the future but I this time around I would prefer to retain ELEMENT and see how the new construct works out in paractice.
@David: there is not much difference remaining in this class model it is true - but ELEMENT is still a terminal node type, and CLUSTER is not. But we also have to think of downstream software in both tooling and runtime - it is likely to have more differences for ELEMENT versus CLUSTER, e.g. to do with displaying nodes detected as terminal nodes, path processing can detect true 'terminal paths' and so on. This won't be visible in specification level models like these above, but if we throw out the distinct classes, I think it will create havoc for developers downstream.
@Erik: rather than 'entry_type (a CODE-PHRASE)', wouldn't it be more useful to call it associated_structure which would link to a structure archetype defined in a template? Then it could be a code_phrase, a drop-down, a widget or whetever where the ENTRY is used in a GUI, or an ADMIN_ENTRY.
I think the discussion and referenced paper at http://wolandscat.net/2012/09/03/ontologies-in-health-ready-for-prime-time-iao-versus-openehr/ makes it interesting to look closer at decoupling "ontology class" from "software implementation class" by adding something like "entry_type" to ABSTRACT_CARE_ENTRY (Candidate C above). I mentioned this in my comment from Mar 27 above and Ian supported it in his comment Mar 30 above.
That entry_type could point to IAO or whatever the ontology of preference will become. Multiple implementation classes with identical structure used as "markers" is a path I'd like to avoid if an attribute will serve just as well as a marker. Attributes play nicely in many (de)serialization, storage and querying technologies, as opposed to OO-marker-classes that often introduce a bit more trouble.
@Colin, june 21: I'm not sure I understand what you mean. Is it not the structure_type in the CLUSTER class you are talking about? The entry_type was intended more for ontological than structural description.


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