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MARGAH, Afghanistan — With the signature whoosh and crack of a rocket-propelled grenade, the local Taliban of northern Bermel district made their feelings perfectly clear. After three years without laying eyes on U.S., Afghan, or allied forces, the insurgents of this mountainous border community were saying, unambiguously, that they were not exactly pleased that the U.S. Army had paid them a visit.
The rocket fell short, exploding in the loose, jagged rocks beneath one of a pair of mountaintops occupied by two platoons from Fox Company, 2nd battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. The small arms fire missed its mark, too. But it came close enough to piss off Sergeant First Class Michael Espeland, the company's taciturn first sergeant.
"Aside from that, it was a good patrol," Espeland said sarcastically, after a pair of tan-painted CH-47F Chinook helicopters had snatched Fox Company from its rocky redoubts and returned it to the relative safety of Combat Outpost Margah — a chilly hodgepodge of Hesco barriers and concrete that stands alone along a wide swath of eastern Paktika province.
Until last fall, COP Margah was home to just a platoon of soldiers — too few to do anything but guard the base. It was like a modern-day Alamo. That left many of eastern Paktika's border districts, including Bermel, essentially unpatrolled by coalition forces. It should come as no surprise, then, that Taliban fighters crossed the Af/Pak border by the hundreds, fueling a strengthening insurgency. When Fox Company finally did show up, in August, the Taliban countered with a mass assault that very nearly overran the base on Oct. 30.
Having survived the worst the Taliban could throw at it, Fox Company settled in for a long, cold winter. Everyone expected the insurgents to strike again once the snows had melted. But Fox Company wasn't just waiting around for another attack. With an aggressive new company commander named Chris Tanner, Fox Company planned to meet the traditional Taliban spring offensive with an offensive of its own.
Air Assault
The 24-hour air assault that began April 4 was the first strike in what Tanner and his bosses at battalion envisioned as a months-long, sustained operation. The goal, he said, was to "deny the enemy sanctuary." That meant deploying troops into villages that had been all but abandoned by the coalition years ago.
"There are a lot of bad dudes kicking around in this area," Tanner told his assembled troops in COP Margah's dusty briefing room on April 3. What's more, the deep valleys and steep mountain slopes worked in the insurgents' favor. The roads were too steep and in terrible condition. On one recent road patrol, Tanner's vehicle had burst all four tires. "The terrain restricts our ability to get into the area," Tanner said.
So the paratroopers would infiltrate via helicopter, straight onto two of the highest peaks in the district. The idea was twofold: to start off with the high-ground advantage, as well as provide Fox Company favorable observation angles on the long-neglected villages below.
The soldiers came prepared for a fight, but they weren't looking for one. This time out, the goal was reconnaissance — to fill out the many blank pages in NATO's dossier on eastern Paktika. Following that, Fox Company and its attached Afghan troops aimed to make regular visits to northern Bermel, hopefully making the presently easy passage between Afghanistan and Pakistan a bit trickier for insurgent forces.
The biggest unknown was how the residents of northern Bermel might react. That question was answered in no uncertain terms, when men riding in a red pickup truck aimed their weapons at Fox Company, and pulled the triggers.
The Chinooks disgorged their human cargoes in mere seconds — U.S. and Afghan soldiers, Air Force controllers, interpreters and one reporter running, crouched, from the vibrating darkness of the helicopters' holds out into eastern Afghanistan's rich, early-evening light.
In his brief the day before, Tanner had emphasized safety coming out of the "birds." Just a few days ago, there had nearly been two decapitations-by-helicopters in NATO's Regional Command East. An Army captain and an Afghan interpreter had both walked into low-spinning rotor blades. Incredibly, both lived — saved by their Kevlar helmets. But the captain, in particular, was "jacked up," Tanner said.
Tanner also stressed looking after the "brand-new" Afghan National Army soldiers attached to Fox Company for the mission. The Afghans were fresh out of basic training, "very green … and a little scared," said the lean, 28-year-old Alabaman.
As the Chinooks chugged off into the falling light, Fox Company's 2nd and 3rd Platoons scouted out defensive positions on their side-by-side mountaintops. The idea was to create two secure, mutually-supporting bases. From there, the soldiers would push out "reconnaissance and surveillance" patrols, starting before dawn.
1st Lt. Sean McCune — a thickly-built officer with a shaved head — dragged elements of his 2nd Platoon, plus a handful of ANA, to scout out tomorrow's observation posts. What he found was both good news and bad.
By pushing all the way to the farthest ridgeline overlooking the area's main valley, McCune and 2nd Platoon could gain a clear view of the sparse farming settlements down below. That was the good news. The bad news, was that the Taliban was likely well aware of this. The ridgeline was dotted with shambling stone buildings — khalats, they're called — that could have been goatherders' shelters or Taliban fighting positions. Fresh animal dung proved the buildings had been occupied recently.
The soldiers Fox Company were all by themselves on the ground, in an area that was well-known to the Taliban — and a complete mystery to U.S. forces.
But the Americans weren't entirely alone. Above them in the darkening sky could be heard the roars, grumbles and whines of a steady succession of NATO aircraft: Apache helicopters, F-15E fighter-bombers and Shadow spy drones. The air cover would continue, with few interruptions, for the next 24 hours.
Artillery support was less reliable. No fewer than three NATO bases, including nearby Forward Operating Base Tillman, had ranged their cannons and mortars on Fox Company's position, ready to rain down steel if the company should get into trouble. In theory. But events on April 5 would prove how tenuous that kind of support can be.
Eyes On
The night was cold and, for soldiers taking turns standing guard with night-vision goggles, exhausting. The sun hadn't shone its first rays on northern Bermel when Fox Company began pushing out its reconnaissance and surveillance patrols.
Lt. McCune (pictured above, left) led around a dozen people downslope to the khalats he had identified the night before. It was a treacherous descent. The loose, flat rocks slid underfoot, sending earth, stones and soldiers cascading downhill.
The lieutenant left several soldiers in the khalat with a machine gun, then climbed down the ridgeface with Sgt. Kevin Mahon and Privates Bronson Williams and Bryan Schlund. The soldiers crouched behind boulders and focused gunsights and binoculars on the khalats down below. The sun rose, and the Americans got their first clear view of an area NATO hadn't put eyes on in three years.
At first glance, it appeared to be a typical Afghan farming community. Fields of alfalfa surrounded khalats clustered around a river bed — a wadi — in which a thin stream and a rough dirt road wound in parallel.
As the sun rose above a chorus of chortling roosters, the people of north Bermel emerged from their khalats or drove past in their Nissan pickup trucks. Some men in one khalat conferred while pointing to 2nd Platoon's observation posts. They knew the Americans were there.
Another group of men arrived in a Nissan and scurried indoors for an apparent meeting. A red pickup truck drove slowly past then disappeared into an adjacent "draw," or small valley.
Then Mahon noticed what appeared to be a cave on a nearby slope. Schlund (pictured above, right) spotted several of the black-and-white flags the Taliban sometimes flies over its territory.
The banners were an intelligence coup. They argued for a strong Taliban presence, and possibly helped pinpoint the khalats where Talibs lived or gathered. "This calls for a celebration," said Schlund, who became a father just three weeks ago. He scooped chewing tobacco with his index finger and packed it in his lip.
Mahon climbed back up the ridgeface to rejoin the soldiers in the khalat overlooking the wadi. The patrol had been in position for several hours, now. For many of the soldiers, the mission had long dissolved in haze of boredom.
Between turns peering out the khalat's tiny window, Mahon and Privates Wesley Floyd and Chris Munoz passed the time throwing camel turds at each other, making fun of Floyd's mom and Munoz's ethnicity, and negotiating for portions of a Snickers bar Munoz had carried in along with the platoon's main radio. "I'm so bored, everything is funny," Floyd said.
Even the attack on the Air Force C-17 was funny. The giant airlifter appeared out of nowhere, a hulking gray shape that looked too big and ungainly to fly. It was low, and deceptively close. Its ramp dropped, and containers spilled out, each unfurling a green parachute as it fell.
It was a resupply mission for FOB Tillman. Freed from its bulky load, the cargo plane climbed and accelerated, easily out of range of any gunfire below. But enemy fighters concealed somewhere in Fox Company's wadi either didn't know that or didn't care. They opened fire on the airlifter with their AK-47s, missing it by miles and drawing chuckles from the 2nd Platoon soldiers killing time in their khalat.
The boredom would not last. On a quick jaunt around the khalat, McCune spotted something he thought was strange: four donkeys wandering all alone among the weeds and bright yellow flowers dotting the hillside. "Four donkeys and no humans," McCune mused, shifting his attention to a lone goatherder and her animals moving between 2nd and 3rd Platoon's positions. In Afghanistan, herders often double as Taliban scouts.
The donkeys and goatherder might have been perfectly innocent "atmospherics," to borrow the Army's term for details of daily life. But they refocused Fox Company's attention on its own vulnerabilities. That focus grew sharper when the rockets began striking FOB Tillman.
Indirect Fire
Soldiers call it "indirect fire" — that is, rockets, mortars, artillery and any other kind of attack that doesn't entail sighting down the length of a rifle barrel. COP Margah had absorbed scores of indirect attacks since Fox Company arrived last fall, even leaving aside the ton of steel that struck the base during the bloody October assault.
Nobody likes indirect fire. It's so sudden. And loud. And more often than not, the attacker is out of sight, denying you the comfort of shooting back. As rockets continued striking FOB Tillman, the soldiers of 2nd Platoon felt a keen sympathy for their distant comrades.
Around noon, there was another whoosh signifying a rocket launch. This time, the boom of the impact occurred almost instantly, meaning the shooter and the target were both close. Staff Sgt. Jerrod Swaim, accompanying Tanner to 2nd Platoon's khalat, flinched. "Why am I the only who jumped?" the veteran of four Afghanistan deployments demanded of his less-seasoned peers.
It quickly became clear that the latest indirect attack had targeted Fox Company, rather than FOB Tillman. The atmospherics in the wadi down below took a foreboding turn. Where before women and children had poked around in the fields, now everyone hurried indoors – a sign that people are expecting a firefight.
McCune, Tanner and their sergeants put their heads together and tried to figure out who had fired the rocket. McCune said he was sure it had been "those guys here in the draw somewhere." Tanner agreed that the men in the red truck were to blame. But the truck was nowhere to be seen. Even when two Apache helicopters appeared overhead, the red Nissan remained hidden.
In a strong indication that God is a Taliban sympathizer, at that moment clouds gathered and the wind picked up. The Apaches, vulnerable to rain and sudden gusts, scurried away. Fox Company's only cover would be the artillery from FOB Tillman and the other bases. Tillman was supposed to provide the bulk of the fire support, but with that base under attack, it was unclear how supportive the soldiers at Tillman could be.
Tanner gathered up 2nd Platoon and led them on a long, steep, uphill trek back to the company's defensive positions. Mahon, recently back from several weeks of fat-inducing home leave, wheezed and cursed the Marlboros he'd smoked earlier in the day. Munoz struggled under the weight of the radio.
"You look like a bag of assholes! Keep moving!" Tanner taunted the soldiers lagging behind. The company commander laughed. "That's character building," he said as an aside. At the top of the slope, a sergeant informed Tanner that there had been two rockets fired at Fox Company, plus some small arms.
Show of Force
The plan was to reconsolidate the company atop its two mountains and see what could be done about the Taliban shooters. Part of the response would be a so-called "show of force." In short order, Tillman and the other bases would drop 30 rounds of artillery onto a nearby, uninhabited plateau. Fox Company's expert mortarman, a swaggering, bespectacled private named Timothy Althamer — nickname, "Hammer" — would lob a few 60-millimeter rounds of his own.
The planned kickoff for the show of force came and went … with no artillery. Tanner and his officers got on their radios to find out why. The response was chilling. For some reason, possibly related to the recent indirect attacks, Tillman's artillerymen were not available for the fire mission.
With dark clouds gathering and the air support grounded, Fox Company had just lost most of its remaining, external support. Tanner frowned. "Find out who our primary fires is," he ordered his fire-support officer.
McCune proposed letting Althamer blow up the plateau on his own, and Tanner approved. "Hammer" hauled up his baseball-bat-size mortar tube; Swaim prepped some of the Coke-bottle-size rounds. With his left hand pointing the tube and his right hand adjusting elevation, Althamer zeroed in on the hilltop, 1,200 meters away. Swaim let a round slide into the tube.
Thoomp! In a puff of smoke, the mortar round lanced from the tube. Five or six seconds later on the targeted mountain, there was a puff of smoke and a crack like wood splitting.
Althamer took the opportunity to teach some soldiers how to fire the mortar. They took turns blasting the plateau. Some Afghan soldiers showed up with their brand-new rocket launcher, hoping to get a slice of the action. The Americans scrambled away from the blast-zone of the rocket's lethal exhaust, directly behind the launcher.
The young Afghan took aim, squeezed the trigger and — click, nothing happened. He tried again. Click. Embarrassed, he turned to another Afghan standing to his right, exposing the huddled Americans to the rocket's blast-zone. When Tanner, McCune and Swaim cried out in alarm, the Afghan turned toward them — now the rocket's warhead was pointed directly at Fox Company.
"Take. Out. The round," Tanner ordered. The Afghans slouched away. Schlund hurried to catch up and, through an interpreter, explained in no uncertain terms how badly the young soldiers had screwed up.
The clouds parted for a moment and the Apaches reappeared. Battalion radioed in with a change of plan. Rather than risk Fox Company getting stranded by weather on an isolated hilltop with sporadic air and artillery support as Taliban shooters possibly closed in, the Chinooks would return early and exfiltrate the company well before dark.
All the same, the heavylift choppers took their time, "surfing" the district's patchwork of ridgelines to avoid exposing themselves to enemy fighters down below. They landed in a storm of dust and debris that mixed with the green smoke Fox Company had used to mark its landing zones. Nobody got decapitated climbing into the birds. That, at least, counted as a victory.
"It's what we thought it would be," Tanner said of northern Bermel. After three years without any coalition contact, the area has become an overt Taliban stronghold, even flying the group's black-and-white flag. At great risk to themselves, the soldiers of Fox Company had begun the slow process of returning to northern Bermel and contesting the Taliban's hold.
If and when NATO can pry loose the wadi's Taliban defenders, extremists will have fewer avenues for moving across the Af/Pak border. The fight won't be quick or easy.
The biggest challenge is one of resources. It wasn't until the Obama administration ordered up an extra 30,000 U.S. troops for the war effort that the 101st Airborne Division could afford to send troops into northern Bermel. With local Afghan troops still badly inexperienced and the surge of U.S. troops slated to end this summer, this border could quickly fall back into neglect. Those black-and-white flags could quickly be raised again.
Photos: David Axe


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a place for zinesters - writers and readers
This is my first zine I made for 24 Hour Zine Thing.
On one side there is Lisa Mae, who writes lists, zine reviews and recommendations and on the other side is the alter ego, Mae Undead with short stories with drawings throughout.
There is also a secret zine, full of secrets. Heh!
Views: 13

subset: commoncrawl


text: I can't find anywhere any information on choreo step sequence and choreo spirals. Where do I find this info? I seem to remember that both those don't have levels, only GOE, but that's all I know. What are the rules about choreo step sequence and choreo spirals? How many spirals needs to be in choreo spirals and for how long to hold them? How do I increase the GOE if I wanted let's say plus 3 on this? (always modest! ) What does the choreo step sequence need to contact and how to increase the GOE? Thank you very much.


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Summer tours at the Discovery Lab
Summer tours at the Discovery Lab
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 28, 2009
The Arctic Region Supercomputing Center is opening its Discovery Lab for public tours every Wednesday at 1 p.m. through Aug. 26. Summer tours offer visitors a chance to view the latest 3-D applications in development at UAF and take a leap into virtual reality. Park in the Taku visitor lot, follow the sidewalk up the hill and cross the road. Follow the sidewalk signs to the loading dock on the left behind Rasmuson Library. Tour size limited to 20 participants on a first-come, first-served basis. Please come early to secure a seat. Children must be 10 years of age or older and be accompanied by a parent or guardian.
"Supercomputers allow scientists to study things that are too big, too small, too far away or too dangerous to do in the real world," said Discovery Lab Manager Bob Huebert. "We hope visitors leave the Discovery Lab with a better understanding of what a supercomputer is and how high-performance computing done at ARSC is helping scientists at UAF and around the world learn new things."
The hour-long presentation includes a 3-D, virtual tour of Mars as well as a virtual tour of the center's supercomputers and petabyte scale data storage facility. Tours also may include a virtual visit to the city of Fairbanks, as it was nearly 100 years ago, or a presentation on the powerful and destructive action caused by tsunamis.
ARSC is the sole provider of open research computing capabilities for the Defense Department's High Performance Computing Modernization Program. HPCMP has six DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers throughout the country: two in Mississippi and one each in Maryland, Ohio, Alaska and Hawaii.
Call 907-450-8638 or email email@example.com for more information. For directions, consult the map to the Discovery Lab.
For information on other university-sponsored tours, see the UAF Visitors' Guide .
Arctic Region Supercomputing Center PO Box 756020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 | voice: 907-450.8600 | email: email@example.com


text:
Best amino-acid there is!
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Best amino-acid there is!
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I have travel with it for weeks at times, you need to load those stuffs when you are close to a endurance race, esp. during your training schedule. I have observe that i can train harder and recover much sooner as well. Bonus is that it is so affordable, well done again iHerb!!
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Im a soldier with very little time or space to do any real projects, if any one has any extra pieces and bits they have lying around it would be helpful.
Im a soldier with very little time or space to do any real projects, if any one has any extra pieces and bits they have lying around it would be helpful.
Check the Cargo Hold. Thats where people sell and trade items.
Im a soldier as well, I pretty much turned my living room into an arts and crafts center, at least until I move back to the states and get a garage. Good luck!
thanks for the advise, on my end my wife is very touchy about my hobbies, and the housing ill be getting on post has no garage. Ill figure it out though, im sure soon ill be asking for pointers on getting my armor/ charictor apporved.
There's always the back yard, but good luck with it, and there are plenty of people here more than willing to help out.
and the 501st Im sure there are a few members in the fayetteville area
I'm about 2 hours away in Winston - so not exactly Fayetteville area. If you hear of any Fett-themed gatherings nearby, drop me a line. I won't have my ESB set ready until Halloween, but have been bitten by the scratchbuilding bug and lurk on the boards once a week or so. Seems like some folks from California have a good local community - getting one going on the other coast could be fun.
On topic, I bought a ton of sky blue cloth for my soft parts that (barring drastic accident with the sewing machine) I won't need all of. I've already put together the utility/thigh pouches for myself and was very glad with how they turned out. IF you have an ESB Boba in mind AND IF you can wait until after my mad rush to Halloween ends, I would be glad to sew up some pouches for you at a deep military discount. I might also be persuaded to look for a different cloth color if you had ROTJ or another variant in mind. Always glad to help those in the service.


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text: Studded Triple Bow Belt Style: 570069407 Out of Stock Love it? Everyone else did too. This item sold out! Use our search tool, chat online or call 1.877.948.2525 to find something equally desirable. Belt with a black patent shine adds polish and sophistication with a ladylike bow and rohodium-finish metal studs. 0.5" wide. Back prong closure. Man-made leather; leather-lined. Imported. Read More… Share on Facebook Tweet Pin


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by Xirrus
May 15, 2013
BYOD and cloud-based services are driving monumental changes in IT everywhere - they are no longer in control of what is running on their networks. The ability to provide a level of visibility and control over what is happening in the Wild Wild West of BYOD is mandatory for IT managers to do their jobs. The goal must be to ensure business-critical applications operate properly on the network and that in the least, there is an acceptable user experience for everything else.
Wireless networks are quickly replacing wired networks - most BYOD devices have no wired Ethernet port. So there is no longer a choice in providing an acceptable wireless solution.


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Marisa Gaynor
Iona College women's water polo sophomore Marisa Gaynor was named the Buffalo Wild Wings Student-Athlete of the Week after being named the MAAC Defensive Player of the Week.
Gaynor had an impressive weekend in front of the net, making 23 saves overall for the Gaels in wins over Marist and Siena. Against the Red Foxes, she played 32 minutes and made 13 saves en route to an important 12-10 victory. Gaynor was just as stellar against the Saints, holding them to just four goals on 10 saves in 24 minutes of work.
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text: Somerset County has been known as the "high point" of Pennsylvania since its founding in 1795. At 3,213 feet, Mt. Davis stands as the state's highest elevation and is appreciated by thousands of campers, hunters, and visitors each year. But that isn't the only reason why Somerset County is called the "high point" of Pennsylvania.


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|Topic Review (Newest First)
The thing with 'knotmeters' is that they are 'calibratable', however that doesn't mean they've been accurately calibrated. Out of the box they should be OK but the only way to be certain is to run a measured distance in the absolute guarantee of no influencing current.. time the runs and do the math.
Not many boaters go to that effort..
Originally Posted by emoney View Post
On my powerboat, I checked my GPS vs. the speedometer (hey, it's measure in mph so I couldn't say knotmeter) and there was a 5mph difference betwixt the two. Question was, which one was correct?
Long answer: When you look at the way SOG is calculated from GPS positions, there is some error at slow speeds because the instantaneous positions have some error. But that would show up as random noise in your readings, which is easily damped out by good software. As a practical matter, if your GPS is showing a stable speed to the first decimal (x.x), without frequent changes after the decimal, then your signal is good and/or your software is damping it. I would consider the GPS to be highly reliable, and far more reliable than the pitot tube, which I believe could be severely affected by turbulence, salinity level, and temperature. In fact, I think its potential non-random bias probably exceeds the tidal currents in most waterways.
I'm not familiar enough with pinwheel-type speedometers used on sailboats to make a comparison, but I doubt they would be more accurate than a GPS for SOG.
Originally Posted by emoney View Post
On my powerboat, I checked my GPS vs. the speedometer (hey, it's measure in mph so I couldn't say knotmeter) and there was a 5mph difference betwixt the two. Question was, which one was correct?
BTW - you should be able to change to the units of measure from miles, knots, kilometers, etc. on both the GPS and the speedometer.
On my powerboat, I checked my GPS vs. the speedometer (hey, it's measure in mph so I couldn't say knotmeter) and there was a 5mph difference betwixt the two. Question was, which one was correct?
I'm sure there's a lot of technical reasoning in this debate, but ultimately I'd surmise two things: 1)don't 'just' trust your GPS for actual speed 2)don't care about speed, just go as fast as you can.
Newport... you hit it right on the head. Most people want GPS for navigation, and ETA, not for speed perse' But knowing SOG is essential for ETA, and travel times. It is just as significant for boating, however, Speed over Water, is essential for all of us as well because it tells us our best trim settings for a given wind (assumes steady wind).
You are now starting to get JUST how complicated sailing can be (about as complicated as you let it)... for those of us (most of us, even the so-called cruisers only) who are after the "perfect trim," it is a life-long unachievable goal. You are catching it now... Don't let it rule you, but don't give up on it either. It'll make you a better sailor. It will make ALL of us better sailors.
Don't get "instrument i-tus" either. Gadgets are cool, but remember they are a modern phenomena. The old-salts sail without them, and can smoke some of the young punks using all the gadgets. A knot-meter, and a depth sounder are pretty essential gadgets though, and a great start.
I am with you though, I JUST have a GPS (actually my phone running navionics)... my goal this winter though is to get a knot and a depth gauge to get me better information on my sailing. Will I still use my GPS (absolutely), but those hard instruments I feel are pretty essential for me going forward.
Originally Posted by jackdale View Post
How much current is present?
|Ok...great discussion, so let me get this...I understand that there is a difference between boat speed which may be aided or impeded by currents, but just raw speed GPS should be far more accurate. How long does it take to get from point A to point b and figure out is speed in knots based on that. That should never change...right? So a knot meter on a boat will tell you how fast the boat is moving (or more exactly how fast the water is moving past the boat) and will give you instant results in regard to sail trim. A GPS device should give you the actual speed, not boat speed.
SlowButSteady...Thank You!!!
Until your post I didn't understand how a boat's waterline could be the only "boat dimension" variable that could affect speed...
My Sea-Doo boat is a great example of what you're saying...putts along at idle nicely...give it a little throttle and it hits the wall...now I can bore my crew with the reason why. =)
Originally Posted by NewportNewbie View Post
I am curious as to how accurate this is at determining your max sailing speed. My hull speed from the manufacturers states 6.5 knots...I can get to that pretty easily, I would have thought that it wouldn't be that easy to get to the max speed. This was actually close hauled into the wind...I know you can get way above that downwind and surfing the waves. This speed was from my GPS and that was averaged over 3 minutes so it wasn't just a spike at that 6.5 speed...it was an averaged speed. With some tweaks to sail trim and a very clean bottom I'd think I can get to 7.5. Where some manufacturers more conservative with rating the hull seed? Or is it maybe modern sails and rigging make it actually possible to sail above hull speed? Or am I thinking too much and just enjoy that I can get the boat moving like that!
The quotes from Gary Mull pretty much sum up why "hull speed" shouldn't be called "maximum hull speed". Let me just add a bit to why hull speed works as a concept. As a displacement hull moves through the water it creates a wave, which boaters/sailors usually call the "bow wave" or "bow wake". This bow wave initially has a celerity equal to the velocity of the vessel. The celerity of a wave actually slowly increases with time, but we only need to worry about what happens when the wave is first created. The wavelength of a surface wave is proportional the celerity of the wave; the faster the wave, the longer the wavelength. There is actually a fairly complicated formula for this relationship, involving the celerity, the force of gravity, and the density, viscosity, and surface tension of the water. But, since everything is pretty much constant except celerity and wavelength, the whole thing boils down to C = 1.34*sqrt(wavelength).
Now, what exactly does that mean? As the boat moves through the water the wavelength of the bow wave gets longer as the boat moves faster. The first crest is always at the bow, with the next crest being one wavelength aft of the bow. When the speed of the boat (and hence the celerity of the bow wave) increases to the point that the next crest is near the stern of the boat this crest is often called the "quarter wave", but it is really just the second crest of the bow wave; the stern quarter isn't causing the wave, it's being cause by the bow. The velocity at which this crest is right at the stern is called the "hull speed" or HS, and is described simply by substituting HS for C and length at the waterline (LWL) for wavelength in the above equation, to get, HS = 1.34*sqrt(LWL). The important thing here is what happens when the boat is going fast enough (and hence the bow wave has a high enough celerity) that the wave has a wavelength longer than the dynamic waterline of the boat? Now the stern of the boat will no longer be riding on the second crest of the bow wave (or on the quarter wave, if you prefer), and the boat will have to pitch up slightly. This takes a power input to maintain speed and so the power/speed ratio of the boat increases due to this added factor. The power/speed ratio has been increasing with speed all along due to other factors, but now this increased pitch of the hull and the forces generated by the bow having to push "through" more of the initial crest of the bow wave causes a sharp increase in the relationship.
So, it always takes more power (energy/time) to make a boat go faster, but above hull speed the relationship between power and boat speed gets steeper and steeper. This is essentially because above hull speed the boat is forced to climb is own wake. Next time you're in a planing boat you can actually demonstrated this. Give the boat a bit of gas and initially the bow will pitch up, the stern will squat down, and it will feel like the boat is trying to climb out of a hole. Give it enough gas and the boat will "jump" onto a plane and the rules will suddenly change; once the hull is actually planing you can ease the throttle back a bit (lower the power) and stay on the plane fairly easily. But, kill the engine (or go to idle) and the boat will plane for a bit then suddenly slow as it can't maintain a plane anymore and has to crawl up its bow wake, until it gets below hull speed again and more easily glides along as a "true" displacement hull again.
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A five-member team of researchers and graduate students at the University of Colorado and the National Institute of Standards and Technology will be honored for their scientific paper announcing the creation of a new state of matter at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Feb. 15.
Receiving the AAAS-Newcomb Cleveland Prize for the best scientific paper published in the prestigious journal Science over a 12-month period are professors Carl Wieman and Eric Cornell of JILA, a joint institute of CU-Boulder and NIST, along with postdoctoral researcher Michael Anderson and graduate students Jason Ensher and Michael Matthews. Wieman is a professor of physics at CU-Boulder and Cornell is a physicist at NIST and an adjoint professor of physics.
The five physicists will divide a $2,500 prize and receive bronze medals as co-winners of the award at the AAAS meeting in Seattle. The team announced the internationally hailed creation of the first Bose-Einstein condensate or "superatom" with their paper published in the July 14, 1995, edition of Science.
"It is great to have an award that is presented equally to the entire team, rather than to just the faculty members," Wieman said. "Our research projects are almost entirely done by students as part of their educations, and this award recognizes their contributions."
The AAAS Newcomb-Cleveland Prize, established in 1923, is the association's oldest award. It honors original work that provides a fundamental contribution to basic knowledge or a technical achievement of far-reaching consequence. CU-Boulder professor and Nobel laureate Thomas Cech and senior research associate Arthur Zaug were co-winners of the award in 1986-87 for a paper showing that RNA can act as a catalyst in living cells.
Sharing the 1995-96 award is a group of four researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for a paper providing new information about how the human immunodeficiency virus infects immune system cells.
"Both of these papers epitomize excellence in basic research," said the AAAS announcement. "Each series of studies represents an important demonstration of the ways in which significant basic scientific discoveries can provide unexpected benefits both for future researchers and for society."
Predicted by Albert Einstein in 1924, the Bose-Einstein condensate occurs when individual atoms meld into a "superatom" at about 170 billionths of a degree above absolute zero. It was first created in a campus laboratory by cooling rubidium atoms in a laser trap, followed by further evaporative cooling in a partially spinning magnetic trap.
The Bose-Einstein condensate has been replicated in other laboratories and scientists around the world have started building equipment aimed at creating the unusual form of matter. The condensate may advance the development of atomic lasers, a potentially useful tool for making fine-scale patterns, and may also assist physicists in understanding superconductivity and quantum mechanics.
The Bose-Einstein condensate also was named Science magazine's Molecule of the Year in 1995.


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The PAGES-2k synthesis
Guest commentary by Darrell Kaufman (N. Arizona U.)
In a major step forward in proxy data synthesis, the PAst Global Changes (PAGES) 2k Consortium has just published a suite of continental scale reconstructions of temperature for the past two millennia in Nature Geoscience. More information about the study and its implications are available at the FAQ on the PAGES website and the datasets themselves are available at NOAA Paleoclimate.
The main conclusion of the study is that the most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the 19th century, and which was followed by a warming trend in the 20th C. The 20th century in the reconstructions ranks as the warmest or nearly the warmest century in all regions except Antarctica. During the last 30-year period in the reconstructions (1971-2000 CE), the average reconstructed temperature among all of the regions was likely higher than anytime in at least ~1400 years. Interestingly, temperatures did not fluctuate uniformly among all regions at multi-decadal to centennial scales. For example, there were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age. Cool 30-year periods between the years 830 and 1910 CE were particularly pronounced during times of weak solar activity and strong tropical volcanic eruptions and especially if both phenomena often occurred simultaneously.
Figure: Thirty-year mean relative temperatures for the seven PAGES 2k continental-scale regions arranged vertically from north to south.
The origin of the 'PAGES 2k Network' and its activities can be found here and consists of nearly 80 individual collaborators. The Consortium's collection of local expertise and proxy records was transformed into a synthesis by a smaller team of lead authors, but the large author list recognizes that the expertise of the wider team was essential in increasing the range of data used and interpreting it.
In addition to the background available at the FAQ, I think it is important to also highlight some aspects of the analytical procedures behind the study and the vital contributions of three young co-authors.
The benefit of the 'regions-up' approach embodied in the PAGES-2k consortium is that it made it easy to take advantage of local expertise and include a large amount of new data that would have been more difficult to assemble for a centralized global reconstruction. However, being decentralized, the groups in different regions opted for different methodologies for building their default reconstructions. While justifiable, this does raise a question about the impact different methodologies would have. To address this, the synthesis team (ably led by Nicholas McKay) applied three particular reconstruction methods to all of the regions, as well as looking at the basic area-averaged and weighted composites. He further analyzed the site-level records individually and without many of the assumptions that underlie the regional temperature reconstructions. These results show that the long-term cooling trend and recent warming are dominant features of the dataset however you analyze it. There is a sizable fraction of the records that do not conform to the continental averages, highlighting the spatial variability and/or the noise level in specific proxies.
One of the new procedures used to reconstruct temperature is an approach developed by Sami Hanhijärvi (U. Helsinki), which was also recently applied to the North Atlantic region. The method (PaiCo) relies on pairwise comparisons to arrive at a time series that integrates records with differing temporal resolutions and relaxes assumptions about the relation between the proxy series and temperature. Hanhijärvi applied this procedure to the proxy data from each of the continental-scale regions and found that reconstructions using different approaches are similar and generally support the primary conclusions of the study.
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- M. Ahmed, K.J. Anchukaitis, A. Asrat, H.P. Borgaonkar, M. Braida, B.M. Buckley, U. Büntgen, B.M. Chase, D.A. Christie, E.R. Cook, M.A.J. Curran, H.F. Diaz, J. Esper, Z. Fan, N.P. Gaire, Q. Ge, J. Gergis, J.F. González-Rouco, H. Goosse, S.W. Grab, N. Graham, R. Graham, M. Grosjean, S.T. Hanhijärvi, D.S. Kaufman, T. Kiefer, K. Kimura, A.A. Korhola, P.J. Krusic, A. Lara, A. Lézine, F.C. Ljungqvist, A.M. Lorrey, J. Luterbacher, V. Masson-Delmotte, D. McCarroll, J.R. McConnell, N.P. McKay, M.S. Morales, A.D. Moy, R. Mulvaney, I.A. Mundo, T. Nakatsuka, D.J. Nash, R. Neukom, S.E. Nicholson, H. Oerter, J.G. Palmer, S.J. Phipps, M.R. Prieto, A. Rivera, M. Sano, M. Severi, T.M. Shanahan, X. Shao, F. Shi, M. Sigl, J.E. Smerdon, O.N. Solomina, E.J. Steig, B. Stenni, M. Thamban, V. Trouet, C.S. Turney, M. Umer, T. van Ommen, D. Verschuren, A.E. Viau, R. Villalba, B.M. Vinther, L. von Gunten, S. Wagner, E.R. Wahl, H. Wanner, J.P. Werner, J.W. White, K. Yasue, and E. Zorita, "Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia", Nature Geoscience, vol. 6, pp. 339-346, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1797
- S. Hanhijärvi, M.P. Tingley, and A. Korhola, "Pairwise comparisons to reconstruct mean temperature in the Arctic Atlantic Region over the last 2,000 years", Climate Dynamics, vol. 41, pp. 2039-2060, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1701-4


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Seven players scored at least five points as the balanced Central Hardin Lady Bruins used a 3-point barrage to down the visiting Nelson County Lady Cardinals on Tuesday night, 78-65.
Senior guard Alysse Bishop hit all three of her 3-point attempts as she scored a team-high 18 points for Central Hardin (1-0), which owned a 10-point halftime lead and buried 10-of-19 attempts from the arc.
Junior forward Abbi Goedde was 2-of-2 from the arc and scored 17 points, while senior guard Jordan Daniel also hit two 3s and finished with 16 points.
It was the Lady Bruins' third-highest scoring output in their last 37 games.
Last season, Central Hardin opened with a 37-point loss to Nelson County.
It was the most points allowed by Nelson County since a 95-59 loss to Central Hardin on Dec. 1, 2006.
Nelson County 11 10 19 25—65
Central Hardin 17 14 22 25—78
Central Hardin (1-0)
Alysse Bishop 18, Abbi Goedde 17, Jordan Daniel 16, Lauren Norton 7, Aislynn Barnes 5, Kristina Krupinski 5, Kasey Smallwood 5. FG: 24-60. FT: 20-30. 3-pointers: 10-19 (Daniel 2-6, Norton 1-4, Barnes 1-3, Bishop 3-3, Goedde 2-2, Smallwood 1-1). Rebs: 50.
UP NEXT: Central Hardin plays Edmsonson County at 7:45 p.m. Friday in the Meade County Lady Wave Tip-off Classic. The Lady Bruins also play Saturday against Russell County and Taylor County in the Classic.
ADAIR COUNTY 50, JOHN HARDIN 38. The host Lady Bulldogs (0-1) led by two entering the fourth quarter, but John Hardin was held scoreless the final 3:43.
Adair County (1-0) was 12-of-15 from the foul line, while John Hardin was 8-of-17.
John Hardin had eight players score, but none scored more than seven as the Lady Bulldogs shot just 13-of-36 from the field and 4-of-15 from the 3-point line.
Sophomore wing Ieshia Hopwood had seven points and two assists, while senior center Chantler Jernigan had seven points and a team-high nine rebounds.
Adair County 14 10 9 17—50
John Hardin 11 10 14 3—38
John Hardin (0-1)
Ieashia Hopwood 7, Chantler Jernigan 7, Zacchea Small 6, Kristin Shonkwiler 5, Tajah Haley 4, Aaliyah Dice 3, Michelle Montgomery 3, Anika Taylor 3. FG: 13-36. FT: 8-17. 3-pointers: 4-15 (Shonkwiler 1-6, Hopwood 1-4, Haley 0-3, Dice 1-1, Taylor 1-1). Rebs: 31 (Jernigan 9, Montgomery 8, Haley 5, Small 5). Assists: 8 (Haley 3, Hopwood 2, Shonkwiler 2). Steals: 6 (Six with 1).
UP NEXT: John Hardin plays at 17th District rival Elizabethtown at 7:30 p.m. Friday in the second game of a boy/girl doubleheader.
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Hi, I've recently finished a first degree and the idea of teaching English abroad for a while appeals to me, I have some questions about it:
1. I'm interested in teaching in developing countries, maybe in South America - will I need a full 4 week intensive TEFL course or would one of the shorter internet ones like the i-to-i do? I'm probably not going to make a career out of it but just teach for a few months/a couple of years while travelling and I'd like to avoid excessive expense.
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3. Can people recommend good countries in the South/Central America region? I'll need a paid position, but just bringing in enough to keep me in living expenses and travel money. Particularly, does anyone know what demand for TEFL teachers is like in the French speaking areas, as I'd quite like the chance to brush up my rusty French?


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Rincon, Puerto Rico < change city >
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Emirates Cup press conference - pictures
Arsene Wenger faced the media on Friday ahead of the Emirates Cup.
The boss was flanked by goalkeeper Wojciech Szczesny as they fielded questions on all sorts of topics ahead of this year's pre-season tournament.
Scroll down for pictures from the press conference and watch the video on Arsenal Player.
To buy official Arsenal pictures visit Arsenal Pics Arsenal Pics


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From Wikiquote
(Redirected from Francesco Petrarca)
Francesco Petrarca (or Petrarch) (July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) was an Italian scholar, poet, and early humanist. Petrarch and Dante are considered the fathers of the Renaissance.
- See also: De remediis utriusque fortunae
- To-day I made the ascent of the highest mountain in this region, which is not improperly called Ventosum. My only motive was the wish to see what so great an elevation had to offer. I have had the expedition in mind for many years; for, as you know, I have lived in this region from infancy, having been cast here by that fate which determines the affairs of men. Consequently the mountain, which is visible from a great distance, was ever before my eyes, and I conceived the plan of some time doing what I have at last accomplished to-day.
- Letter to Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro (26 April 1336), "The Ascent of Mount Ventoux" in Familiar Letters as translated by James Harvey Robinson (1898); the name Mount Ventosum relates to it being a windy mountain.
- I rejoiced in my progress, mourned my weaknesses, and commiserated the universal instability of human conduct. I had well-nigh forgotten where I was and our object in coming; but at last I dismissed my anxieties, which were better suited to other surroundings, and resolved to look about me and see what we had come to see. The sinking sun and the lengthening shadows of the mountain were already warning us that the time was near at hand when we must go. As if suddenly wakened from sleep, I turned about and gazed toward the west. I was unable to discern the summits of the Pyrenees, which form the barrier between France and Spain; not because of any intervening obstacle that I know of but owing simply to the insufficiency of our mortal vision.
- Letter to Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro (26 April 1336), as translated by James Harvey Robinson (1898)
- My brother, waiting to hear something of St. Augustine's from my lips, stood attentively by. I call him, and God too, to witness that where I first fixed my eyes it was written: "And men go about to wonder at the heights of the mountains, and the mighty waves of the sea, and the wide sweep of rivers, and the circuit of the ocean, and the revolution of the stars, but themselves they consider not." I was abashed, and, asking my brother (who was anxious to hear more), not to annoy me, I closed the book, angry with myself that I should still be admiring earthly things who might long ago have learned from even the pagan philosophers that nothing is wonderful but the soul, which, when great itself, finds nothing great outside itself. Then, in truth, I was satisfied that I had seen enough of the mountain; I turned my inward eye upon myself, and from that time not a syllable fell from my lips until we reached the bottom again. Those words had given me occupation enough, for I could not believe that it was by a mere accident that I happened upon them. What I had there read I believed to be addressed to me and to no other, remembering that St. Augustine had once suspected the same thing in his own case, when, on opening the book of the Apostle, as he himself tells us, the first words that he saw there were, "Not in rioting and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying. But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof."
- Letter to Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro (26 April 1336), as translated by James Harvey Robinson (1898)
- Hitherto your eyes have been darkened and you have looked too much, yes, far too much, upon the things of earth. If these so much delight you what shall be your rapture when you lift your gaze to things eternal!
When I heard her thus speak, though my fear still clung about me, with trembling voice I made reply in Virgil's words —
- What name to call thee by,
O virgin fair, I know not, for thy looks are not of earth
And more than mortal seems thy countenance.
- Secretum Meum (1342), as translated in Petrarch's Secret : or, The Soul's Conflict with Passion : Three Dialogues Between Himself and St. Augustine (1911) edited by William Henry Draper
- What name to call thee by,
- Rarely do great beauty and great virtue dwell together.
- De remediis utriusque fortunae (1354), Book II
- Man has no greater enemy than himself. I have acted contrary to my sentiments and inclination; throughout our whole lives we do what we never intended, and what we proposed to do, we leave undone.
- As quoted in An Examination of the Advantages of Solitude and of Its Operations (1808) by Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann
- Love is the crowning grace of humanity, the holiest right of the soul, the golden link which binds us to duty and truth, the redeeming principle that chiefly reconciles the heart to life, and is prophetic of eternal good.
- As quoted in Notable Thoughts About Women : A Literary Mosaic (1882) by Maturin Murray Ballou, p. 311
- To begin with myself, then, the utterances of men concerning me will differ widely, since in passing judgment almost every one is influenced not so much by truth as by preference, and good and evil report alike know no bounds.
- Epistola ad Posteros [Letter to Posterity] in Petrarch : The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters (1898) edited by James Harvey Robinson and Henry Winchester Rolfe, p. 59
- I certainly will not reject the praise you bestow upon me for having stimulated in many instances, not only in Italy but perhaps beyond its confines also, the pursuit of studies such as ours, which have suffered neglect for so many centuries; I am, indeed, almost the oldest of those among us who are engaged in the cultivation of these subjects. But I cannot accept the conclusion you draw from this, namely, that I should give place to younger minds, and, interrupting the plan of work on which I am engaged, give others an opportunity to write something, if they will, and not seem longer to desire to reserve everything for my own pen. How radically do our opinions differ, although, at bottom, our object is the same! I seem to you to have written everything, or at least a great deal, while to myself I appear to have produced almost nothing.
- Letter to Giovanni Boccaccio (28 April 1373) as quoted in Petrarch : The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters (1898) edited by James Harvey Robinson and Henry Winchester Rolfe, p. 417
- You, my friend, by a strange confusion of arguments, try to dissuade me from continuing my chosen work by urging, on the one hand, the hopelessness of bringing my task to completion, and by dwelling, on the other, upon the glory which I have already acquired. Then, after asserting that I have filled the world with my writings, you ask me if I expect to equal the number of volumes written by Origen or Augustine. No one, it seems to me, can hope to equal Augustine. Who, nowadays, could hope to equal one who, in my judgment, was the greatest in an age fertile in great minds? As for Origen, you know that I am wont to value quality rather than quantity, and I should prefer to have produced a very few irreproachable works rather than numberless volumes such as those of Origen, which are filled with grave and intolerable errors.
- Letter to Giovanni Boccaccio (28 April 1373) as quoted in Petrarch : The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters (1898) edited by James Harvey Robinson and Henry Winchester Rolfe, p. 418
- Continued work and application form my soul's nourishment. So soon as I commenced to rest and relax I should cease to live. I know my own powers. I am not fitted for other kinds of work, but my reading and writing, which you would have me discontinue, are easy tasks, nay, they are a delightful rest, and relieve the burden of heavier anxieties. There is no lighter burden, nor more agreeable, than a pen. Other pleasures fail us or wound us while they charm, but the pen we take up rejoicing and lay down with satisfaction, for it has the power to advantage not only its lord and master, but many others as well, even though they be far away — sometimes, indeed, though they be not born for thousands of years to come. I believe I speak but the strict truth when I claim that as there is none among earthly delights more noble than literature, so there is none so lasting, none gentler, or more faithful; there is none which accompanies its possessor through the vicissitudes of life at so small a cost of effort or anxiety.
- Letter to Giovanni Boccaccio (28 April 1373) as quoted in Petrarch : The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters (1898) edited by James Harvey Robinson and Henry Winchester Rolfe, p. 426
- Books have led some to learning and others to madness, when they swallow more than they can digest.
- As quoted in "Lifetime Speaker's Encyclopedia" (1962) by Jacob Morton Braude, p. 75
- How fortune brings to earth the over-sure!
- As quoted in The International Thesaurus of Quotations (1970) by Rhoda Thomas Tripp
- It is better to will the good than to know the truth.
- As quoted in The Renaissance : Essays in Interpretation (1982) by André Chastel , p 107
- It is more honorable to be raised to a throne than to be born to one. Fortune bestows the one, merit obtains the other.
- De vita solitaria (1346) as quoted in Madalyn Aslan's Jupiter Signs: How to Improve Your Luck, Career, Health, Finances, Appearance, and Relationships Through the New Astrology (2003) by Madalyn Aslan
- Sameness is the mother of disgust, variety the cure.
- As quoted in The Little Giant Encyclopedia of Inspirational Quotes (2005) by Wendy Toliver. p. 446
- Five enemies of peace inhabit with us — avarice, ambition, envy, anger, and pride; if these were to be banished, we should infallibly enjoy perpetual peace.
- De vita solitaria (1346) as quoted in Wisdom for the Soul: Five Millennia of Prescriptions for Spiritual Healing (2006) by Larry Chang, p. 144
To Laura in Life (c. 1327-1350)[edit]
- Who overrefines his argument brings himself to grief.
- Canzone 11
- A good death does honor to a whole life.
- Canzone 16
- To be able to say how much you love is to love but little.
- Canzone 37
Quotes about Petrarch[edit]
- Francesco Petrarca, the mirror of our century, after completing a vast array of volumes, on reaching his seventy-first year, closed his last day in his library. He was found leaning over a book as if sleeping, so that his death was not at first suspected by his household.
- Manzini de la Motta (1 July 1388) as quoted in Petrarch : The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters (1898) edited by James Harvey Robinson and Henry Winchester Rolfe, p. 428
- The reason for this contrast between the French and the Italian mediaeval literature is not far to seek. Allegory is a characteristically mediaeval form; and in Italy the Middle Ages began so late and the Renaissance came so early that that country never had the opportunity to fall completely under the spell that held France from the time of the Roman de la Rose till the end of the fifteenth century. Thus Petrarch, in spite of the fact that he wrote perhaps more pure allegory than any other Italian, was at the same time an enthusiast for the New Learning.
- Petrarch, a character on whom I never think but with love, formed his mind entirely in Solitude, and there rendered himself capable of transacting the most important political affairs. Petrarch was, doubtless, sometimes what persons frequently become in Solitude, satirical, peevish and choleric. He has, in particular, been reproached with great severities, on account of his lively pictures of the manners of his age, and especially his description of the infamous vices practised at Avignon, during the pontificate of the sixth Clement. But Petrarch possessed a profound knowledge of the human heart, and extraordinary address in working upon the passions and directing them as he pleased. The Abbé de Sade, the best historian of his life, says, that he is scarcely known, but as the tender and elegant poet, who loved with ardor and sung in the most impassioned strains the charms of his mistress; and that nothing more is known of his character. Even authors are ignorant of the obligations which literature owes him; that he rescued it from the barbarism beneath which it had so long been buried; that he saved the best works of the ancient writers from dust and destruction, and that all these treasures would have been lost to us, if he had not sought and procured correct copies of them.
- Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann, in An Examination of the Advantages of Solitude and of Its Operations (1808)
- It is not perhaps, generally known, that he first revived the study of the Belles Lettres in Europe; that he purified the taste of the age; that he himself thought and wrote like a citizen of ancient and independent Rome; that he extirpated numerous prejudices, and paved the way to further improvements, in the circle of human knowledge; that to the hour of his death, he continued to exercise his distinguished talents, and in each successive work always surpassed the preceding. Still less is it known, that Petrarch was an able statesman; that the greatest sovereigns of his age confided to him the most difficult negotiations, and consulted him on their most important concerns; that in the fourteenth century, he possessed a higher reputation, credit and influence, than any man of learning of the present day; that three popes, an emperor, a king of France, a sovereign of Naples, a crowd of cardinals, the greatest princes, and most illustrious lords of Italy, courted his friendship, and desired his company; that, as a statesman, an ambassador and minister they employed him in the most intricate affairs of those times; that, in return, he was not backward in telling them the most unpleasant truths; that Solitude alone supplied him with all this power; that none was better acquainted with its advantages, Cherished them with such fondness, or extolled them with such energy, and at length, preferred leisure and liberty to every other consideration. He appeared, a long time, enervated by love, to which he had devoted the prime of his life, but he suddenly abandoned the soft and effeminate tone, in which he sighed at the feet of his Laura. He then addressed himself, with manly boldness, to kings, emperors, and popes, and always with that confidence which splendid talents and high reputation inspire.
- Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann, in An Examination of the Advantages of Solitude and of Its Operations (1808)
External links[edit]
- Petrarch and Laura - multi-lingual site including many translated works
- Profile in the Catholic Encyclopedia
- Excerpts from his works and letters
- Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) (1304-1374)
- Works by Petrarch at Project Gutenberg
- Poems from the Canzoniere, translated by Tony Kline
- "Petrarch - the poet who lost his head" in The Guardian (April 2004)


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text:
Maybe a good idea to have a thread just for playoff news. Two things I saw today.
First, Zito was named for game four, if there is a game 4. Not bad for the Reds, they do well against lefties. He didn't have a super year, 4.15 ERA pitching in SF. Righties hit Zito for a .823 OPS this year.
Second, Jamie Garcia is out on the DL, won't be available for NLCS. He was hot for awhile there. If the Reds play the Cards, this could be a meaningful development.
Feel free to sticky this thread, or not.


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Click on this link to sign it http://www.petitiononline.com/AdoptOut/petition.html
Can you imagine how many more animals would be saved if all pet stores adopted out instead of getting puppymill dogs?
Dog of the Day
Cat of the Day
Pet of the Day
Click on this link to sign it http://www.petitiononline.com/AdoptOut/petition.html
Can you imagine how many more animals would be saved if all pet stores adopted out instead of getting puppymill dogs?
I signed the petition!! I'm number 23177 on the petition list! Something has got to be done about these horrible mills!!!
I'm 23178. I wish some of these petitions would work! When will people ever truly get the message????
I'm 23182.
~Kimmy, Chipper, Zam, Logan, Raptor, Nimrod, June, Mei, Jasper, Esme, Lucy Inara, & Morla
RIP my sweet Kia
Thanks Kfamr for the sig!
#23185 I hope this will help get the message thru to SOMEBODY!
I signed, I'm #23189! It would be wondeful if these petitions would work & stop puppy mill breeding!
Huney, Bon & Simba-missed so very much
Remembering all the Rainbow Bridge Pets
I'm #23197!
Tanya, Hans, Fritz & Sparky
Last edited by mugsy; 10-16-2002 at 02:03 PM.
Don't buy while shelter dogs die!!
Let the evilness begin....I just emailed Pet Land and this is what I wrote. What do you think???
If Petland truly won't support Puppy Mills (which we all know is false), then maybe you should step up to the plate and sign this petition.
Molly Kendall
Don't buy while shelter dogs die!!
I'm #23208
Lauren, Honey, Orion, Caeleigh, Chloe & Stangly
You go, Molly Kendall!!!! What a woman!!!
I signed it #23205. A few sigs below me is a pathetic loser that cursed us all out for signing
Good for Mugsy!
I signed the petition with no comment (which I regret now) and my number is 23201. The only thing is that when I viewed the signatures the comments of the person below could be taken for mine, and I don`t like that at all! So, if any Pet Talkers do see the comments he ( I think it is a he) made, be aware they ARE NOT mine, and that I TOTALLY ABHOR (sp) what he/she/it has written.
I'm 23209! Thanks for getting this out.
I signed it. My husband signed it. And I e-mailed it to friends that I KNOW will sign it.
Copyright © 2001-2013 Pet of the Day.com


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After some reading on this forum I think I will try to find a teaching position without a certificate (sounds like one can be picked up at the location anyway). I will graduate in May of 2011 with a BA in Political Science (7-8 months away). I was born and raised in the United States. I think I will look for positions in Japan, Spain, and Italy. From reading posts on the forum it appears one must simply jump into it while exercising caution. My big newbie question is: when should I start posting for positions? The anticipation is getting to me but I don't want to pull the trigger too early and jeopardize an opportunity. Any and all information is greatly appreciated. Take care.
P.S. – I noticed on quite a few job postings that they ask for a current picture. Is this normal?


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Interesting sovblocgunfan, That is pretty much what I am saying.. My last trip too the Orient some two years ago.. Their is virtually no unemployment..
Factory parking lots were full of cars.. That stuff we see says made in China, Thailand, etc.. People are happy, their making money, off us and the rest of the world..
Maybe a little warning from China their.. "Knock it the hell off midget."
Even third world Cambodia is thriving now with real-estate and tourists flocking there. Beautiful country, real nice people, good food, beautiful beaches..
Just my .02. The midget wants to be King for a day and extort money, rather than open his country up and progress like the rest of the Orient..
Got a feeling?? China and their 300 million man Army may be paying him a visit, and soon..
Vietnam, after the U.S. pulled out.. Some problems on the Vietnam China border over some small farmer trading crap..
China sent one hundred thousand troops too the border.
"One more problem, were squeezing the triggers, starting in the north and push every one of you mother friggers in the ocean." Vietnam backed down that day, no more problemas, sorry Mr. China."
We shall see????????


text: We are throwing our annual Christmas Party in a few weeks and this year we decided to do a Tacky Sweater theme. It has been done to death but since we have never done it we thought it would be fun enough. The problem is that I don't own a sweater at all and I don't have the money to go out and buy one. Besides getting lucky and finding a cheap one at a thrift store, does anyone have any good ideas? Mainly I am wondering if anyone has ever made one? Perhaps buying a very cheap sweater and then decorating it yourself. Has anyone ever been to a similarly themed party and seen any good ideas? Help me out! As the host I have to have one of the best.


text:
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MICHELIN Biting Edges™ — notched blocks in the tread pattern — dig into nearly any surface for better off-road traction on dirt, mud, gravel, and wet grass.MICHELIN Comfort Control Technology™ uses computer-optimized design and precision manufacturing to offer greatly reduced vibrations and road noise.The optimized contact patch shape, provided by MaxTouch Construction™, helps deliver exceptionally long tire life under the toughest conditions
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Great on the highway. Terrible in the rain. Rear wheels spin way to much when the roads are wet. Surprisingly good traction in the snow. I've driven these tires in snowstorms with and without a snowmobile trailer hooked up and these tires stay locked on the road.
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made this review on 6/19/2017 and is a
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Installed on Ram 1500 Sport. 275 65R20. Best tires I've ever owned. It's almost like driving a brand new truck, unbelievably great tire. Bought these for their handling on gravel roads. I was very surprised on how unstoppable these were in the rain, snow and ice! I know they don't have the severe tire rating, but they must be close! With all the heavy snow, slush, and icey roads/highways we've had, I've never skipped a beat. I barely noticed a difference. Highly recommended tire. Note - when I researched this tire I noticed there were different tread patterns, and wear patterns depending on where in N.America you bought these tires. My set are P rated, with each notch separate from each other, and the inner notches have the three biting edges that kinda look like sideway mini claws. Just be aware, some versions have a different tread pattern all together, and have each notch linked together as they wear down. Do a little googling, you'll see what I mean. Anyways, great tire, highly recommended!!
Size: 275/60R20
Vehicle: 2012 Ram 1500 4 Dr Extended Cab Pickup, 6 Ft Bed Sport 20" option with 10000 KM of Tire Wear
made this review on 2/1/2017 and is a
Confident, Experienced Driver
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text:
The Eastern Illinois University Business Office is committed to providing professional, timely and accurate services to all internal and external constituencies.
In doing so, we will be a service-oriented, technologically advanced model of excellence, conducting ourselves as a cost-effective unit responsive to the needs of both the university community and off-campus entities.
E-Billing is Here
We are no longer sending paper statements. Beginning with the May 2010 statement, all current students will receive their statement electronically. We will send an e-mail notification to their EIU e-mail address when the new statement is ready to view.
For security purposes, we do not send the statement as an e-mail attachment. When you receive your e-mail, sign on to PAWS and select student, then student account, then statement and payment history. You will see your new statement, which looks just like your current paper bill.
Please be sure to note the due date on the statement. To avoid a finance charge, payment is due on this date. It is up to the student to send the statement to whoever needs to receive it. Watch for additional information in the coming months.


text:
At first glance, The Mayor ($7.50) at Kitchen Sink looks like a fairly simple turkey, bacon and brie sandwich. The turkey is fairly nondescript deli fair, while the melted brie is kind of bland. But the sandwich gets interesting when you realize that there is a layer of peanut butter and fig jam.
Every culinary instinct I have wants to scream "genius," if just for sheer novelty. Unfortunately, the peanut butter kind of overpowers everything. Even when I implemented the old childhood trick of flipping over the sandwich to get the jam and brie on my palate first, it came off as too sweet. Luckily, the few bites with everything in proportion were good. If you find yourself off the Berwyn Red Line and are jonesing for some childlike comfort, be sure to ask them to dial back on the peanut butter and you'll find yourself with a fun and unique sandwich.
Kitchen Sink
1107 W Berwyn Ave, Chicago, IL (map)
(773) 944-0592
About the author: Nathan Lurz is an intern at Serious Eats Chicago. When he's not reviewing the occasional sammich, he spends his time trying to convince people to pay him to be a journalist, working at the non-partisan political news site Reboot Illinois, and being amazed he is a professional sandwich reviewer. Follow his wittiness on Twitter at @LurzBlurbz


text: Im sure Im not the only one here that said it, but a few of us did say that it took chauncey a few years before he " got" it and was comfortable out there. I am not comparing the 2 as floor leaders. But Stuckey is similar to C note in body style, his affinity to get to the line and finish. He may never be a 3 pt threat from deep, but he has gotten better at it. He has his own style and as long as the coaches arent trying to shoehorn him into a different style? he will be very productive. Im happy for him to finally not have a thread every hour started to rip him


text: The Arcades Project Project is part of Heather Marcelle Crickenberger's doctoral dissertation entitled "The Structure of Awakening": Walter Benjamin and Progressive Scholarship in New Media which was defended and passed on June 27, 2007 at the University of South Carolina. The committe members are as follows: John Muckelbauer, Ph.D, Judith James, Ph.D., Dan Smith, Ph.D, Brad Collins, Ph. D., and Anthony Jarrells, Ph.D. Copyright 2007 by Heather Marcelle Crickenberger. All rights reserved.


text:
'Cechmanek appears to be the only doubt in the Sabres' minds heading into the series. "We know we can skate with them. Special-teams wise, we can definitely play with them," Buffalo coach Lindy Ruff said. "The one thing we have to do is get to that goaltender." And if they can solve Cechmanek, watch out.'
From Dominator to dominated
April 11, 2001 Submitted by


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Hi all, just seeing how many of you missed your dog when you were deployed?
When i was in Iraq ( SSG 11B ) I would have given anything to have had my dogs with me. I think being without a dog was the hardest part of active duty.
We got to have dog handlers detached to us a couple of times, those guys had their backs covered by the best Soldier in the Army 4 legged warriors. The entire platoon would feel better when we had the dogs. They watched out for us with their great nose and ears we protected them like our children.
Now that I'm home I just like to be in the field with my dogs, I never get upset at them. I'm just so happy to be home and able to be with them again. When I'm in the field with them i know I am part of a great team and so do they.


text:
Browsing Nursing by Subject "Community Empowerment"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
[2009-02-26] Innovations in Theory Development for the Nursing Development. Volume II This second volume of theory development demonstrates further exploration and expansion of some of the theories used in nursing practice. Interdisciplinary theories were researched and utilized in the various theory ...


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Tishan played free shows at the park across from Burger King and when you can't drive yet you go where you can get to. The crowd always strange–kids, the elderly, homeless, surfers with bloodshot eyes.
The music is not really for you but it gets into you and it's a short leap beyond Legend to King Yellowman and the yearly Sunsplash at the Sportatorium and for a while when you're young music is as much a part of you as breathing.


text:
Posted by Duncan Jones on January 18, 2013
Avoid the 2013 holiday rush – start your year-end software negotiations now! Have you just about recovered from several adversarial, transactional software procurement negotiations last month? Have you resolved to avoid a similar situation next year? Then Forrester's Strategic Software Sourcing Playbook can help you.
Apparently 38% of Americans made weight-related resolutions in 2012, and 67% of people with gym memberships never use them. So my advice is to shun anything you've seen in a TV infomercial ("we called it Lunacy because you'd have to be mad to buy it") and instead make your New Year's resolution to be more strategic and proactive in your software buying in 2013. Our Playbook, launched today, explains how to do that.
Reactive, adversarial software buying is ineffective in the new business technology (BT) world of self-provisioning, cloud deployment, and mobile access. IT sourcing professionals' colleagues bypass them in the sourcing process, while powerful technology vendors expect more revenue from them than they can afford to provide. Software sourcing professionals rarely have alternative suppliers that they can use as negotiation leverage, so you need something more than your natural charm and belligerence if you are to be effective. Forrester's solution is a strategic approach that aligns the commercial model for each supplier with its place in the enterprise's software sourcing strategy.


text:
Programmes and Initiatives
Africa Adaptation Programme (2008-2012)
The Africa Adaptation Programme was launched in 2008 by the United Nations Development Programme in partnership with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Programme (WFP) and with US$92.1 million support from the Government of Japan. Through AAP, UNDP supported 20 countries in the African continent to adjust their national development processes to incorporate climate change risks and opportunities. more
Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN)
The global Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) aims to develop a methodology for quantifying the biodiversity finance gap at the national level, for improving cost-effectiveness through mainstreaming of biodiversity into national development and sectoral planning, and for developing comprehensive national resource mobilizing strategies. It is working in pilot countries around the world, supporting governments to review biodiversity financing policies, assess the costs of implementing National Biodiversity Action Plans and develop resource mobilisation strategies. more
Drylands Development Centre
The Drylands Development Centre is a thematic centre of UNDP dedicated to fighting poverty and achieving sustainable development in the drier regions of the world. more
Equator Initiative
The Equator Initiative is a partnership that brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses, and grassroots organizations to build the capacity and raise the profile of local efforts to reduce poverty through the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.more
GEF Small Grants Programme
With a presence in 122 countries and more than 12,000 grants awarded worldwide, SGP supports projects of non-governmental and community-based organizations in developing countries. more
Global Environment Facility (UNDP/GEF)
With support from Global Environment Facility financing, UNDP helps developing countries catalyze investment into the green technologies, practices and enterprises that will make low emission, climate resilient environmentally sustainable development not only possible, but also economically attractive.more
Green Commodities Programme
The Green Commodities Programme manages a global portfolio of national-level commodity-focused programmes and platforms that remove barriers and institutionalize systemic approaches and resources for scaling up the production of sustainable commodities. This includes addressing environmental externalities within the supply chain, strengthening financial sustainability for technical assistance, reforming policy to level the production playing field and incentivizing sustainabilitymore
MDG Carbon Facility
The MDG Carbon Facility is an innovative means of harnessing the vast resources of the carbon market in order to bring long-term sustainable development to a more diverse share of developing countries.more
Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international environmental agreement that aims to protect the earth's ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances.more
United Nations Poverty and Environment Initiative
The programme supports country-led efforts to mainstream poverty-environment linkages into national development planning.more
UN-REDD Programme
The United Nations Collaborative initiative on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries was launched in September 2008.more


text:
"This is a cute card that isn't overly cute. The train is perfect for that 2-4yo train-obsessed preschooler in your home. My 3yo son took these to daycare and they were a hit, both with his picture to personalize it and the train design kids respond to--without it being yet another commercial character."
"The only down side is that my order had a paper trimming issue and wouldn't fit into the card. However, Tiny Prints refunded my money. Their customer service is INCREDIBLE, Efficient and hyper responsive (all of which I appreciate almost as much as they're super fun cards)!"
"We loved the Valentine card Desert Train for our son and it was the hit of his class. We will cherish it for years to come as one of the best Valentine cards ever."
"I purchased these cards for my daughter and like all the cards I get from Tiny Prints, they are perfect. They are the ideal size to give out with a lollipop favor to celebrate Valentine's Day."
"My son is born in Feb so these doubled as Valentine's and thank you cards. I didn't sign a name because my son loves to sign his own and customer service called me to confirm. I love Tiny Prints!!"
Copyright © 2004-2017 Shutterfly, Inc | Tiny Prints | Terms of Use. Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners.


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Baseball Exec Bill Lajoie Passes Away
Bill Lajoie, a key part of building the 1984 world champion Detroit Tigers, died on Tuesday. Lajoie, 76, passed away while taking a nap after lunch, according to a close associate.
Lajoie had been working with the Pittsburgh Pirates as a special assistant to the general manager. Since leaving the Detroit Tigers in 1990 he held similar jobs with Atlanta, Milwaukee, Boston and the Los Angeles Dodgers.
An All-American at Western Michigan University, Lajoie had a nine-year playing career in the minor leagues, and then went to work for the Cincinnati Reds as a scout and manager in 1965.
He spent 23 years in the Detroit organization, beginning in 1968 as a scout and manager of the Tigers' rookie-league Bristol affiliate, becoming the coordinator of scouting in 1975, director of player procurement in 1975, vice president/assistant general manager in 1979, and the general manager in 1984.
— Tracy Ringolsby


text: In high schools across the country students attend class, head to practice, play in the "Big Game," but more than 150,000 students participate in something a bit more intriguing, Robotics. These students are participating in a program called FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) Robotics. A competition that challenges high school aged young people – working with professional mentors – to design, build a robot, and compete in an intense event, all in just six weeks.


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Wittenberg Department of Education Increases Graduate Courses
Published April 12, 2011
Springfield, Ohio– Wittenberg University, a respected leader in teacher education, increases its Master of Arts in Education course offerings this summer for teachers who want to increase their professional knowledge or renew their licensure. The department will also offer professional development courses.
In addition, the State of Ohio has approved the Early Childhood and Middle Childhood Generalist Endorsement. Beginning in May, classes will be offered for those who seek to add the endorsement to their existing licensure.
Wittenberg will initiate a new cohort of degree seeking students this summer for those teachers who want to begin course work toward a master's degree with an emphasis in math and science.
"Our next cohort is open for any teacher grade K–12 who would have an interest in the math/science classroom focus," said Gina Post, director of Wittenberg's graduate studies in education.
Educators interested in learning more about graduate courses offered by Wittenberg this summer can contact the education department office at 937-327-6417. Graduate program applications are available from the office or online at /academics/education.html.
Written By: Phyllis Eberts


text:
'Other teams can now pluck off waivers players who make more than $75,000 and are being sent down to the minors or recalled. That led many bubble players to eschew the AHL for higher-paying European deals. That, plus the reduction of allowable veteran players a team can have on its roster from six to five, left Rochester with limited options in filling out its roster.'
Panthers will share Amerks
September 1, 2005 Submitted by
Via: Buffalo News


text:
.Have any of you used/are using this type of super?
My questions: Do they improve the early build up of packages or splits in early spring.
Reasoning that the 2 0r 3 " thick walls
I switched to all shallow boxes a couple of years ago. Easier lifting,etc.Do you think that the queens lay better on deep frames,than on two shallow frames ?Does the bee space between bottom and top box restrict laying?
If 60000-70000 workers are needed for good honey yields,how many boxes are needed?2 deeps? 3 shallows?
Finsky,I would build the boxes with 6cm. high density foam. @1/2 or 3 ""inchesThank you all.
I am wondering if any one has every tried to wrap a foam box with exterior plywood on the outside for strength or increased life?


text: Your blind love of the Eagles must have made you think that they would score a ton of points on the Cincy D. LOL Ironically, I was thinking a couple days ago that if I were in your shoes, I would have started Cincy D based on how inconsistant the Eagles are. Plus, St. Louis has the Adrian Peterson problem. Don't worry though. I'm sure I'll leave a ton of points on the bench this week as well due to my poor decision making. I seem to do it almost every week somehow.


text:
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text:
Seasonless Peplum Top
Out of Stock
- Top-stitched double princess seams.
- Seasonless stretch gabardine resists wrinkling and retains shape.
- Squared neckline with charmeuse piping. Layered peplum detail on the sides over notched hem. Concealed back zip with hook-and-eye closure.
- Stretch charmeuse lining. Crochet bra strap guides.
- Hits at the upper hip (23.5" from shoulder).
- Now available in Petite sizes, style number 570083216.


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Belle Amie swapped their stilettos for sneakers at local girls football league.
This weekend saw 2010 X Factor finalists, Belle Amie, show their support for young female football players.
On Saturday 17 September, Belle Amie visited a local girls football league at Roe Lane Playing Fields, Newcastle under Lyme ahead of their performance at the Women's Super League Continental Cup on Sunday 25th September.
Esther Campbell, Belle Amie, said: "We think it's really important to support women in the football industry. As a predominantly male game it's important to remind people that women can play the sport at a high level too."
Players from the WSL, Faye White (Arsenal Ladies) and Jo Potter (Birmingham Ladies) were also in attendance encouraging young aspiring football players and promoting the final game, which will see WSL Champions Arsenal Ladies go head to head with league runners-up Birmingham City Ladies.
White said: "I think it's great to see so many young girls getting involved and being passionate about the game. It's also brilliant to see Belle Amie supporting young women in football and we hope to see plenty of fans showing their support at the big final on Sunday."
After visiting the girl's league, Belle Amie headed over to the Octagon Shopping Centre, Burton upon Trent to meet local fans alongside Faye White. Birmingham City Ladies player, Emily Westwood, also joined them.
Belle Amie will perform their new single 'Girls Up' at the final. Additionally they will also be letting fans choose a song for them to sing on stage at the final to help support the FA WSL "Call the shots" campaign, allowing fans to have a say on WSL match-days. For more information on the song options and how to vote, please visit the FA WSL Facebook page: www.facebook.com/FAWSL
A Group Booking discount (minimum 15 people with one adult per 10 children) is available at the cost of £3 for adults and £2 for children.
FA Charter Standard clubs can also apply for up to 25 free tickets for this game by Friday 16 September.
General sale tickets can be bought from the Burton Albion ticket hotline on 01283 565 938 or by emailing: firstname.lastname@example.com
Faye White and Jo Potter with the Port Vale girls


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Georgia below average on state management list
Georgia ranks No. 34 in 24/7 Wall St.'s annual "Best and Worst Run States" report.
The list looks at data on financial health, standard of living and government services by state.
Georgia was applauded for its conservative fiscal management and being one of only 10 states to land the highest credit rating offered by Moody's and S&P. However, the report noted the state has been hit hard by the housing crisis and had one of the nation's largest budget shortfalls in fiscal 2011.
From the list, Georgia at a glance:
- Debt per capita -- $1,426 (third lowest)
- Budget deficit -- 25.4 percent (12th largest)
- Unemployment -- 9.8 percent (tied-10th highest)
- Median household income -- $46,007 (18th lowest)
- Percent below poverty line -- 19.1 percent (tied-6th highest)