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Arts in Oregon
Oregon's tremendous natural beauty is balanced by its citizens' participation in the arts and the value they place on arts, culture and education. Throughout the state, individuals, organizations and local communities collaborate to promote cultural activities for residents and visitors.
Oregon Arts Commission
Oregon Cultural Trust
Oregon Humanities
Oregon's major arts organizations
Regional arts councils
Local and regional arts agencies

subset: commoncrawl


text: Effortless Paisley Fancy Daniela Shirt Style: 570068374 Out of Stock Love it? Everyone else did too. This item sold out! Use our search tool, chat online or call 1.888.855.4986 to find something equally desirable. Colorful paisleys and flowers dance across the pure-cotton button-up top. Effortless shirts have been engineered to give an always-pristine, wrinkle-free appearance. Split cuffs. Length: 24" to 27". 100% cotton. Machine wash. Imported. Read More… Share on Facebook Tweet Pin


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|Reviews and Articles Discussion for Techgage content is located here. Only staff can create topics, but everyone is welcome to post.
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|Greg King
|Dug the review. I am surprised at the lack of overclockability considering the price on them. OCZ is generally good overclockers but what can you do. Most dont overclock so with the tight timing that this memory has, the bandwidth on stock systems will see a great boost in preformance due to the tight timings. Boo yah Rob, nice review.
|Rob Williams
OCZ EL PC3500 Gold GX Dual Channel Review
OCZ has recently released some new memory geared for gamers. The memory comes clocked at DDR433 speeds, with tight 2-2-2-5 timings.. at a respectable 2.8v. We are going to see just how great this memory is, and how well it overclocks. So let's get to it.
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Senate Defeats Effort to Approve Keystone XL
This afternoon the Senate narrowly defeated an amendment to the transportation bill by Senator Hoeven (R-ND) that would have undercut the President's decision-making authority on the Keystone XL pipeline and moved the project forward. The Senate lacked the three-fifths majority needed to approve the measure.
Concerned citizens and green businesses have spoken out against the pipeline, defeating Big Oil…for the moment.
Today's vote was a resounding "No!" to:
Dirty fossil fuel
Oil spills
Damage to human health
Environmental dangers
Exacerbation of climate change
False job creation claims
False energy security claims
Of course, we've got a long road ahead of us. TransCanada is planning to proceed with a portion of the pipeline (from TX to OK) and to re-apply for a permit for the section crossing between Canada and the US. There are plenty of challenges ahead – but today's Senate vote positions us for further success.
We'll need you to stay informed and stay involved – so do check out:
The latest (March 2012) resource by the National Resources Defense Council on the Keystone XL Tar Sands Pipeline and Climate Change.
This YouTube video of Texan landowners against the K XL.
Articles about Lakota resistance to the K XL:
Categories: clean energy, climate change


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I have a 1941 Chevy Truck that recently purchased from a Family Member.Some re-wiring and such had been completed on the truck prior to my purchase.Went to drive it a few weeks back for the first time since purchasing it.After 10 minutes of driving the truck the brakes and brake lights went out at the same time - no brake pressure - brake pedal went to the floor.Pulled over and removed the metal floor panel to look at the master cylinder.I noticed that front terminal off the the brake switch that screws into the master cylinder was melted and smoking - I took the cap off the master cylinder and the brake fluid also appeared to be hot.I checked to see where the melted wire off of the brake switch went, it went thru the floor board in the cab and up to the light switch located behind the dash.There is like 6 terminals on that light switch - that wire was doubled up onto another wire on a terminal - I noticed that there was a empty spot on a terminal with a fuse on it - should that wire be attached to that terminal with the fuse?????Or is there another reason like a bad brake switch at the master cylinder or bad wire set up at the tail lights??????Thank you for the help!!Dave
is it still original wiring?????or has it been updated to 12 volt and a new harness???i did not see a 41.. but i did see a 40 and a 42 diagram if you have the original
if you need more help.. i don't know why the master would be empty except you have a leak someplace..please examine your entire underside of the truck for signs of leaking fluids..brake fluid will wash off with water...oil won't... you could have a bad wheel cylinder.. brake shoes out of adjustment that allowed the wheel cylinders to extend past the end of their stroke.. you could have a leaking brake hose.. a leaking brake line.. a leaking master cylinder.. even a missing master cylinder cap seal.. as the brake excess brake fluid in the master cylinder bore sprays upward when the pedal is depressed.. this can blow the fluid out of the reservoir until its empty.. glad you were able to get it stopped before anything caught fire..since you have to probably rewire that circuit.. please install a small fuse block ..these should be available at almost any parts store in the HELP section..if you don't have the special pliers to crimp the terminals to your wiring.. you can carefully solder the wire . or just tin the end of the wire.. then crimp it as best you can then barely heat it. just enough to melt the solder to the terminal.. not enough to have the solder wick up the wire where it will harden it and cause fatigue issues.. please use an amp meter to measure the load on the circuit and use the fuse that's 5 amps larger than the max load.. so the fuse blows protecting the circuit and wiring..
if you climb under the truck.. and take some pictures.. you can upload them to photobucket and paste those links here.. so we can see what you are to get you better answers.. or just to show the truck.. there is a readers rides section around here someplace..
Thank you for the reply!The Truck is still 6 volt - Wiring has been upgraded.I didn't see any leaks under the truck nor at the wheels.Original brake set up - with new brakes.Diagram you sent me shows that wire from the brake switch being attached at the light switch at the fuse location - which is an empty terminal on my truck.My wire from the brake switch presently is attached at the light switch on top of another wire.Could that be the issue or maybe a bad brake switch??Thanks,Dave
is the brake light switch on the master cylinder and looks like an oil pressure switch.. if so.. then that switch could have failed and shorted the wiring to ground.. the slightly later trucks went to a lever type switch ...let me see what i can find for images..looks like it uses a snap on terminal type switch..Standard Motor Products SLS27 - Standard Motor Brake Light Sending UnitsStoplight Switch, OEM ReplacementPart Number: SMP-SLS27ORDuralast/Stoplight SwitchPart Number: F4805
Yes the Pic is the same that is installed on my truck.
the switches are cheep... under 20 bucks.. might be under 10.. i posted the 2 most common part numbers to save you time.. i am going to love the face on the parts clerks.. when they ask you .. year make and model.. yes.. i would like a brake switch for my 41 chevy pickup ..if they look around.. say.. i am NOT fred flintstone and you won't find barney standing beside me.. barney is out in the car.. most parts stores will actually have this switch in stock.. if you ask for it by part number... don't throw the old switch out..and please.. find a 12 pointed socket to install it.. do not use pliers.. pliers distort the crimp slightly and can cause issues..refill the master.. bleed the brakes.. see what happens.. look for fluid on the inside of the backing plates. or on the inside of the tires.. that would indicate a leak..when these switches fail.. they can leak.. but brake fluid has some conductivity.. it will short to ground if it gets in touch with the power wire on the brake light switch.. and why buy a proper socket that fits this strange shape.. its cheeper than sheet metal replacements for your truck front end.. once you get the switch install.. and some brake pedal operation restored..sit in the truck.. place foot lightly on the brake pedal.. and see if it slowly sinks to the floor.. that would be very bad..do that several times.. then look for puddles.. not that puddles.. the one who followed hewey and dewey into the bar.. puddles of brake fluid.. sorry.. it's raining here in so cal for the first time in a while.. and i am looking for wet humor..


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by Megan Morketter, GoHeels.com
North Carolina has an all-time high of 17 former Tar Heels playing in the NBA this season, many of whom are playing key roles with a variety of teams. GoHeels.com will update Carolina fans on a weekly basis on how UNC alums have played in the last week.
It was a short week for many as the league prepared for the NBA All-Star weekend Feb. 15-17. As a part of the weekend, former Tar Heel teammates Harrison Barnes and Tyler Zeller competed together in the BBVA Rising Stars Challenge.
Harrison Barnes, Golden State Warriors: As a member of Team Shaq (O'Neal) in the BBVA Rising Stars Challenge, Barnes recorded 12 points, but Team Shaq was bested by Team Chuck (Barkley), 163-135.
Vince Carter, Dallas Mavericks: Facing the Sacramento Kings, Carter went 6-of-9 from beyond the arc, finishing the game with 26 points along with five rebounds and two steals. The Mavericks topped the Kings, 123-100.
Ed Davis, Memphis Grizzlies: Davis is still seeing limited minutes as he adjusts to the Grizzlies. He managed four points, one rebound and one block in the win over the Kings Feb. 13.
Wayne Ellington, Cleveland Cavaliers: Ellington logged five points, two steals and one rebound in the one-point loss to the San Antonio Spurs.
Raymond Felton, New York Knicks: Against the Toronto Raptors, Felton contributed 16 points, 10 of which came from free throws, five assists, four steals and four rebounds. The Knicks could not quite hold on, falling, 92-88.
Danny Green, San Antonio Spurs: Green had four points, four steals and three rebounds as the Spurs defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers by one.
Tyler Hansbrough, Indiana Pacers: With 19 points (tying his season high) and 10 rebounds, Hansbrough earned his second double-double of the season versus the Charlotte Bobcats. He also set a season high with eight made field goals in the Pacers' victory.
Brendan Haywood, Charlotte Bobcats: In 10 minutes of play, Haywood was able to grab three rebounds as his team fell to the Pacers, 101-77.
John Henson, Milwaukee Bucks: Henson's contribution in the Bucks' two-point win over the Philadelphia 76ers was on the defensive end of the floor. He pulled down four rebounds and added one steal, playing just six minutes.
Antawn Jamison, L.A. Lakers: Across his last two games, Jamison averaged 18 points and seven rebounds. The Lakers overpowered the Phoenix Suns, but dropped to their city rivals the L.A. Clippers.
Ty Lawson, Denver Nuggets: Though the Nuggets could not come up with a win in their last two games, Lawson led his team in scoring during both contests. Facing the Raptors, Lawson put up 29 points with a 9-0 assist-to-turnover ratio and three steals. The following game, the point guard recorded 26 points and matched his nine assists as the Nuggets dropped to the Brooklyn Nets.
Kendall Marshall, Phoenix Suns: In his last game, the rookie was a facilitator, logging four assists in 16 minutes, but the Suns fell to the Lakers.
Jerry Stackhouse, Brooklyn Nets: Suffering from a stiff neck, Stackhouse has not played since Jan. 26. His status remains day-to-day.
Rasheed Wallace, New York Knicks: Wallace is still nursing a stress reaction and chronic condition in his left foot. The forward/center has not played since Dec. 13.
Marvin Williams, Utah Jazz: Williams combined for two points and eight rebounds over his team's last two games. The Jazz overpowered the Oklahoma City Thunder and the Minnesota Timberwolves.
Brandan Wright, Dallas Mavericks: Against the Atlanta Hawks, Wright shot 5-of-6 from the field and totaled 11 points, five rebounds, one assist, one steal and one block. The following game, he added five points and seven rebounds, contributing to the win over the Kings.
Tyler Zeller, Cleveland Cavaliers: In his last game before the All-Star break, Zeller put up 16 points, grabbed nine rebounds and had four assists against the Spurs. In the BBVA Rising Stars Challenge the rookie had four points and four rebounds.


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- About Glaciers
- Glacial retreat world-wide
- Why are glaciers retreating?
- Some glaciers are still getting bigger
- Anthropogenic or Natural Climate Changes?
- Consequences of the disappearance of mid-latitude glaciers
- Further Information
- References
|Figure 1. An unnamed U-shaped valley in the Coast Mountains of Tracy Arm-Ford's Terror Wilderness, Tongass National Forest, AK. Image credit: USGS.
Glaciers exist on all the continents of the world except Australia. Most of the world's glaciers are found near the North and South Poles (for more information about Arctic and Antarctic glaciers, please see our pages on Greenland and Antarctica). A large number of glaciers, however, are found in mid-latitude and tropical regions wherever the right conditions exist.
Glaciers exert a significant influence on a landscape. As glaciers move across the terrain, they pick up rock and debris, carve valleys (see Figure 1), and create landforms. Flowing glaciers erode and scour the ground beneath and to the sides of them. These rivers of ice also pick up boulders, soil, trees, and other debris and carry it along in their flow. Once the glacier begins its retreat, however, this material is deposited wherever the glacier.s ice melts. Kettle lakes are formed when large chunks of ice fall off of retreating glaciers and melt, filling depressions in the ground. For more information on glacial formations, see the links below, which will connect you to some sites with photos and descriptions.
There are two main types of glaciers — valley and continental. Valley or alpine glaciers form in mountainous regions where movement is inhibited by valley walls. Continental glaciers, also known as ice sheets, are "dome-shaped mass[es] of glacier ice… greater than 50,000 square kilometers (12 million acres) (e.g., the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets)" (NSICD).
Glaciers can form in areas characterized by cool summer temperatures and heavy winter snowfall. These conditions allow enough snow to create and maintain the glacier while limiting loss of mass. Growth is largely dependent upon precipitation. In areas with the temperatures necessary for glaciers to form, low precipitation rates will lead to slower growth (such as in Antarctica). A healthy glacier has a mass balance of zero or can be positive. This means that the glacier is accumulating as much or more than it is losing through ablation — melting, evaporation, calving, etc.
In places where winter snowfall survives the melt season, each year's snowfall accumulates over the last. As the years go by and the layers add up, the pressure created by the upper layers begins to turn the lower layers to ice. The glacier becomes denser still as the ice crystals grow, taking up the air space in the layers. Light at all colors of the spectrum are absorbed by this ice except one — blue. This is what makes glacial ice appear blue.
Once a glacier accumulates enough weight, gravity and the pressure of its own mass force it to move downhill, in the case of alpine glaciers, or outward, in the case of continental glaciers. This is called internal deformation. Glaciers can also move due to sliding, or basal slip. A layer of water or soft sediment with some water in it allows the overlying glacier to move over it much faster because it acts like a lubricant. Water can either be in the landscape before the glacier gets there or can come from melt water accumulating on the top of the glacier and leaking through cracks in its layers (see moulins). According to the NSIDC, "Basal slip may account for most of the movement of thin, cold glaciers on steep slopes, or only 10 to 20% of the movement of warm, thick glaciers lying on gentle slopes."
Glacial flow depends in part on the climate — warmer, drier weather leads to glacial retreat, while colder, wetter weather creates the conditions necessary for building glaciers. When temperatures increase or there is significant evaporation due to wind and warmer weather, the glacier begins to retreat. During the past 60 to 100 years, the NSIDC states that glaciers throughout the world have tended toward retreat. The Center explains "Alpine glaciers, which are typically smaller and less stable [than continental glaciers] to begin with, seem particularly susceptible to glacial retreat" (NSIDC).
|Figure 2. "On the left is a photograph of Muir Glacier taken on August 13, 1941, by glaciologist William O. Field; on the right, a photograph taken from the same vantage on August 31, 2004, by geologist Bruce F. Molnia of the United States Geological Survey (USGS)." Image credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center, W. O. Field, B. F. Molnia.
Over the last century, mountain glaciers worldwide have, on average, been decreasing in length and volume (see Figure 2 and links). Some have been disappearing at such a rate that they may completely disappear soon. In North America's Glacier/Waterton National Park, for example, there were about 150 glaciers when the park was established in 1910. Today the number of moving glaciers is below thirty. Dan Fagre, a U.S. Geological Survey ecologist working in the Park, says, "The last one will probably disappear by the year 2030, tops" (Chadwick, 2007). There have been significant changes in the ice sheets and their tidewater glaciers as well, which are discussed in our articles on Antarctica and Greenland.
The glaciers in the famed North American park are not alone. A 2005 study of 173 glaciers across the world found that since 1970, 83% of surveyed glaciers were thinning at an average loss of 0.31 m/yr (see Figure 3) (Dyurgerov and Meier, 2005). According to the 2007 IPCC report, glaciers and icecaps have lost increasing amounts of mass since the middle of the last century. In the period between 1961 to 2004, glaciers and icecaps were losing 0.50 ± 0.18 mm yr.1 in sea level equivalent (SLE) in mass. Between 1991 and 2004, however, the rate was actually above the average, at 0.77 ± 0.22 mm yr.1 SLE (IPCC, 2007). The numbers differ regionally, with the strongest mass losses per unit area in Patagonia, Alaska, and northwest USA and southwest Canada. For example:
- According to a 2007 study of glaciers in southeast Alaska and western Canada using aerial and spatial data, glacier surface elevations have dropped in over 95% of the area analyzed from 1948 to 2000. Some of the measured glaciers had thinned by as much as 640 meters (Larsen et al., 2007).
- A 2006 study of the European Alps found that Alpine glaciers lost 35% of their total area from 850 until the 1970s, and almost 50% by 2000. Total glacier volume around 1850 is estimated at some 200 km3 and is now close to one-third of this value. (Zemp et al., 2006).
"Glaciers and ice caps provide among the most visible indications of the effects of climate change…" the 2007 IPCC report explains. Glaciers respond quickly to changes in climate because they generally lose more mass on an annual basis compared to their total mass. This is because the mass balance of a glacier is determined by the hydrological cycle, which is in turn determined by the climate. Variability in climate in glacier-producing regions creates variation in the size of a glacier. For example, at high and mid-latitudes such as Alaska and Scandinavia, accumulation tends to occur in the winter while ablation occurs in the summer months. In these areas, the hydrological cycle is controlled in large part by the annual cycles of air temperature (IPCC, 2007). Across the Himalayas, however, both accumulation and ablation primarily take place during the summer (Fujita and Ageta, 2000). On tropical glaciers, ablation takes place throughout the year, but accumulation is dependent upon seasonal precipitation (Kaser and Osmaston, 2002). Therefore, according to Kaser et al. (2004), the response of tropical glaciers to changes in climate lag by only a few years, compared to a response time described by Paterson (2004) of up to several centuries for the largest, coldest glaciers on the smallest inclines.
|Figure 3. "Cumulative mass balances of selected glacier systems compiled from individual time series showing differing changes in time up to the last decade of twentieth century." The map on the left shows the information portrayed in the graph on the right of average annual rate of thinning since 1970 for the 173 glaciers measured in Dyurgerov and Meier (2005). This sample includes mountain glaciers only, not ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland or calving glaciers. (Larger changes are represented with larger circles in the map.) Image credit: (Map) Global Warming Art compiled from the findings of Dyurgerov and Meier (2005). (Graph) Dyurgerov and Meier (2005).
In general, glacial retreat has been tied to two main climatic changes. These are increased temperatures and changes in precipitation and atmospheric moisture. Other factors, such as solar radiation, also play a role in glacial retreat.
Air temperature is considered to be one of the most important factors governing glacial fluctuations (Houghton et al., 2001). While there is regional variation, the global average temperature has increased by about 0.74°C between 1906 and 2005 (IPCC, 2007). In many areas, warmer seasons are hotter and longer lasting than they were previously, while colder season temperatures have also increased. In Alaska, annual air temperatures have increased over the past 50 years — with winter increases double those experienced during the summer (Stafford et al., 2000). These increasing temperatures have been identified as the main driver of glacial retreat and melting. In fact, Rasmussen and Conway (2003) point out that the summer temperature increases alone could explain the losses experienced in Alaska and northwestern Canada. One reason for this is that these glaciers cover large areas at low elevations. "The greatest changes occurred at lower elevations but large changes are also apparent at higher elevations," state Larsen et al. in a 2007 study.
Increasing levels of precipitation are not enough to offset the effects of warmer temperatures in some areas, such as the Tarim River Basin in Northwestern China. Despite an increase of 23% in average annual precipitation from the period of 1956–1986 to 1986–2000, warmer temperatures have caused significant decreases in glacial mass and area (Liu et al., 2006). The Alps face a similar predicament. Model experiments in the European Alps show that a 3°C warming of summer air temperature "would reduce the currently existing Alpine glacier cover by some 80%" whereas a 5°C temperature increase would render the Alps almost completely ice-free (Zemp et al., 2006). According to the study's authors, "Annual precipitation changes of ±20% would modify such estimated percentages of remaining ice by a factor of less than two," reinforcing the significance of the role of increasing temperatures (Zemp et al., 2006).
Kilimanjaro and its rapidly dwindling glaciers are often pointed to as evidence of climate change. Retreat in tropical glaciers is due to what a recent study of Kilimanjaro's glaciers describes as a "complex combination of changes in air temperature, air humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, and incoming shortwave radiation" (Kaser et al., 2004). Melting due to an increase in temperatures, however, is not the primary underlying cause of loss of glacial mass on Kilimanjaro. The climate in the region has been getting drier since the end of the 19th century, which is likely the factor forcing glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro. A drop in precipitation and air moisture inhibits the glaciers' ability to add new snow. Additionally, glacial mass on Kilimanjaro is lost primarily through sublimation (conversion of snow and ice directly to water vapor). A 2007 study found that "glacier mass balance is 2–4 times more sensitive to a 20% precipitation change than to a 1°K air temperature change… The main cause of this sensitivity characteristic is the strong albedo feedback, which is significantly stronger than on mid-latitude glaciers. Results suggest that precipitation availability is crucial to glacier retention on Africa's highest mountain" (Mölg et al., 2007). The authors of the 2004 study report that, under present conditions, Kilimanjaro's glaciers will continue to retreat, and the mountain may lose its famous glaciers by mid-century, making it the first time Kilimanjaro glacier-free for the first time in over 11,000 years (Kaser et al., 2004).
Many locations are losing glacial mass due to a combination of increasing temperatures and changing levels of precipitation and atmospheric moisture. Connections between solar activity and glacier melting processes are also being explored. In a 2006 study, Hormes et al. measured long-term glacier length variations and found there was a significant correlation with the total solar irradiance. The IPCC (2007) also points to dynamic thinning as a culprit behind the disappearance of glaciers. Dynamic thinning has increased the velocity of a number of glaciers, leading to enhanced melting and calving rates as well as reductions in overall mass balance. Additionally, ice reflects sunlight, but the increase of dark, heat-retaining rock and soil left uncovered by retreating and melting glaciers in turn heats up the ground and causes more reduction in glacial mass.
Despite the worldwide trend toward retreat, a number of glaciers are growing. Dyurgerov and Meier's 2005 study found that Scandanavian glaciers were gaining mass balance. Likewise, certain glaciers in areas general retreat, including Alaska, are exhibiting evidence of expansion. A 2007 study showed that in 5% of the study area in Alaska and Canada, glaciers, such as the Taku Glacier, were experiencing thickening (Larsen et al., 2007). Fealy and Sweeny (2005) find "an increased moisture flux over the North Atlantic" as being behind glacier advances in Scandinavia. Other glaciers, such as the Taku, are getting larger mainly due to the fact they are tidewater glaciers in the late stage of their cycles. As such, they are losing mass primarily due to calving . which means they are losing mass in their ablation zones. With smaller ablation zones, the glacier tries to restore its mass balance, resulting in growth in the accumulation region and glacial advance (Larsen et al., 2007).
According to Hormes, et al., "…glaciers show a response to changing climate, but cannot give any answer to the question about whether the forcing is natural or not" (Hormes et al., 2006). Glacial retreat, after all, is not something new. In the Swiss Alps, for example, glaciers were much larger during the Mini Ice Age than they are now. However, they have been both smaller in volume and shorter in length than they are currently at a number of times throughout the past 320 to 2500 years (Hormes et al., 2006). Additionally, there is now evidence that during the last interglacial period 125,000 years ago, some Alpine glaciers were smaller than they are now or even non-existent (Joerin et al., 2006).
Glaciers are particularly sensitive to changes in climate, and that is why they are pointed to as an indicator of climate change in general and of anthropogenic climate change in specific. The IPCC directly links current rates of glacial retreat to anthropogenic climate change in its 2007 report by saying, "The late 20th-century glacier wastage likely has been a response to post-1970 warming" (IPCC, 2007). (In the summary of the IPCC report it is also mentioned that "Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.") Around 1970, mean glacier mass balances were close to zero regionally and globally, leading scientists to believe they were close to equilibrium. Since that time, however, the global mean has tended toward a negative mass balance, indicating .glacier wastage in the late 20th century is essentially a response to post-1970 global warming. (IPCC, 2007).
There are likely to be significant and widespread consequences of glacial retreat and of the disappearance of glaciers. Many people across the world are dependent upon glaciers for water, energy, and safety. Additionally, many organisms, ecosystems, and ecosystem processes are reliant upon glaciers. Dr. Phil Porter of the University of Hertfordshire sums it up well when he says "There is a short-term danger of too much water coming out… and a greater long-term danger of there not being enough" (McKie, 2005).Reduction in Availability of Freshwater for Consumption
Glaciers store about 75% of the world's freshwater. Some mountain cities and the surrounding regions are dependent upon glacier runoff for their freshwater supply (USGS, 2005), such as in South America. The Andes Mountains in South America are home to 70% of the world.s tropical glaciers, which provide water for drinking, agriculture, and hydropower for 30 million people (ESN, 2008). Quito, Ecuador, for example, draws 50% of its water supply from the Antizana and Cotopaxi glacier basins. La Paz, Bolivia draws 30% of its water supply from the same basins (Vergara et al., 2007). However, these glaciers are rapidly dwindling.
In some areas of Asia and the Andes increased glacial runoff has translated into more water in the areas' rivers. However, once the glaciers diminish, their hydrologic inputs will disappear as well. Many of the towns in the Andes region have already felt the impacts of water shortages for drinking water and agriculture. In El Alto, Bolivia, Vergara et al. (2007) mention "…water supply is now just about enough to meet demand during dry season." Despite projects to help with water supply, demand for water will outstrip supply in the La Paz-El Alto area by 2009. Quito, Ecuador is scheduled to run into serious water shortages by 2015 (Tehran Times, 2007). Additionally, crops have had to be relocated to higher areas that receive more water from the glacier, but that have poorer soil, limiting their yield. Domesticated animals such as alpaca are also suffering from lack of food, resulting in decreasing wool production. Where once the townspeople could rely on their own production, now they must buy fertilizer and other supplies (World Bank, 2008).
A report from the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru has found that Andean glaciers have lost 20% of their volume since 1970 (World Bank, 2008). Some, like the Chacaltaya glacier in Bolivia, have already lost up to 99% of their volume (World Bank, 2008). Scientists have predicted that the Andes will be glacier-free by mid-century (Tehran Times, 2007). In a 2007 interview, Walter Vergara, who was the lead author of the 2007 World Bank report and who also is the Bank.s lead climatologist, stated "All these ecosystems are changing very quickly. In fact, every year they change at a faster pace, which has all of us very alarmed" (Tehran Times, 2007).
A number of countries are highly dependent upon its glaciers and glacial runoff for energy production. In the Andes region, hydropower supplies 81% of Peru's electricity, 73% of Colombia's, 72% of Ecuador's, and 50% of Bolivia's (World Bank, 2008). In India, 50% of hydroelectric power is generated by runoff from Himalayan glaciers (Kargel, et al., 2002). Glacial runoff supplies hydropower for 50% of Switzerland's electricity as well (Paul et al., 2007). All of these countries face billions of dollars worth of investment in infrastructure to accommodate new types and sources of energy production, some of which release more greenhouse gases than hydroelectricity.
|Figure 4. "Contributions of GIC, Greenland, and Antarctic Ice Sheets to present-day rate of sea-level rise (s.l.r.), along with their respective volumes and areas." Image credit: Meier et al., Science, 2007.
Humans will not be the only losers when it comes to depleted glacial runoff. "These changes are likely to have significant, widespread consequences for the fauna of alpine stream ecosystems," Brown et al. state in a 2007 report, "…it may be impossible to prevent the loss of species adapted to meltwater stream conditions as climate warms and snowpacks and glaciers shrink." Plants, animals, and other organisms that are strongly influenced by the hydrologic impacts of glacial ecosystems will suffer as river channel stability, water temperature, and suspended sediment load are drastically altered due to changes wrought by glacial wastage in meltwater contributions and valley geomorphology (Brown et al., 2007). Additionally, glacial runoff feeds a number of rivers and lakes, thereby serving significant purposes in the area ecosystems, as well as in general ecosystem processes. As glaciers disappear, the benefits of glacial systems and inputs of glacial runoff will likewise evaporate.Flooding
Because of rapid glacial melting and wasting, an increasing number of avalanches and floods have been occurring. Ice avalanches from steep or hanging glaciers, such as the 1996 avalanche from Gutz Glacier near Grindelwald, Switzerland, cause infrastructure damage and injury. Much more hazardous are glacial lake outburst floods (also called GLOFs or Jökulhlaups) which occur when glacial melt is dammed by unstable moraines at the terminus. The failure of this dam due to volcanic eruption, erosion, water pressure, avalanches or calving, or earthquakes, results in the release of the water in the glacial lake.
Glacial lake outburst floods have occurred across the world and at many scales. At the end of the last ice age, massive glacial outburst floods occurred, such as the Missoula Floods, which created the Columbia River Basin. The number of glacial lake outburst floods, however, has been increasing during the second half of the 20th century according to UNEP. A 2005 report in Nature indicated there has been a 10-fold increase in the number of glacial outburst floods over the past two decades alone. These floods are incredibly devastating, and result in economic losses as well as casualties. In 1985, water released from the Dig Tsho Lake in Nepal destroyed 14 bridges and caused $1.5 million in damage to a hydropower plant downstream. More recently, in 1994 an outburst at Luggye Tsho, 90km upstream from Punakha in Bhutan caused massive flooding and erosion on the Pho Chhu River, destroyed many buildings in the town, and resulted in 21 casualties (McKie, 2005). Accelerated glacial retreat due to climate change is already raising the likelihood and imminence of these types of catastrophes, especially in areas like the Alps, Andes, and Himalayas.Sea level rise
According to the IPCC's 2007 report, "The most important cryospheric contributions to sea level variations arise from changes in the ice on land (e.g., glaciers, ice caps, and ice sheets)." In a 2007 study, Meier et al. agree, stating "Ice loss to the sea currently accounts for virtually all of the sea-level rise that is not attributable to ocean warming." According to Meier et al. (2007), however, about 60% (see Figure 4) of the ice loss is from glaciers and ice caps rather than from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
Since 1961, total global sea level rise has been 3.1 ± 0.7 mm/year (Meier et al., 2007). Of that total, the IPCC (2007) points to glaciers as contributing about 0.50 ± 0.18 mm per year during the period between 1961 and 2003. During that period, the contributions to sea level rise of these glaciers accelerated — the rate increased to an average of 0.77 ± 0.22 mm per year from 1993 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007). As mentioned earlier, the largest glacial mass losses have been observed in Patagonia, Alaska, the northwest U.S., and southwest Canada. Therefore, the biggest contributions to sea level rise since the IPCC's Third Assessment Report in 2001 have come from Alaska, the Arctic, and Asia. (IPCC, 2007) (See Figure 5). According to Meier et al. (2007), this increase is "in part due to marked thinning and retreat of marine-terminating glaciers associated with a dynamic instability that is generally not considered in mass-balance and climate modeling." The study predicts that accelerating rates of glacial melt may lead to an additional 0.1 to 0.25 meter of additional sea level rise by 2100 above the IPCC projections (Meier et al., 2007). Luthcke et al. (2008) estimated that the glaciers draining into the Gulf of Alaska were responsible for 0.23mm/year of global sea level rise between 2003 and 2007.
|Figure 5. "Cumulative mean specific mass balances (a) and cumulative total mass balances (b) of glaciers and ice caps, calculated for large regions (Dyurgerov and Meier, 2005). Mean specific mass balance shows the strength of climate change in the respective region. Total mass balance is the contribution from each region to sea level rise." Image credit: IPCC (2007) based on Dyurgerov and Meier (2005).
- National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC),"All About Glaciers"
- Wikipedia
- US Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, "Icefields and Glaciers"
- USGS, "Glaciers and Icecaps"
- Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)
- Extreme Ice Survey
- University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point (Karen A. Lemke) and The Virtual Geography Department Project, "Illustrated Glossary of Alpine Glacial Landforms"
- USGS, "Glossary of Glacial Terminology"
- Geophysical Institute
- World Glacial Monitoring Service
- View glacial retreat in Google Earth
- Jökulhlaups
- Wikipedia, "Glacial Lake Outburst Floods"
- USGS, "Hubbard Glacier"
"Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Monitoring and Early Warning System." United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).
"Glaciers and Icecaps". United States Geological Survey (USGS).
"Loss of Andes glaciers threatens water supply." Tehran Times, November 28, 2007.
"Melting Andean Glaciers Could Leave 30 Million High and Dry." Environmental News Service (ENS) (April 28, 2008).
"Retracting Glacier Impacts Economic Outlook in the Tropical Andes." World Bank, April 23, 2008.
Brown, Lee E., David M. Hannah, and Alexander M. Milner. "Vulnerability of alpine stream biodiversity to shrinking glaciers and snowpacks." Global Change Biology 13 (2007): 958.966.
Chadwick, Douglas H. "Crown of the Continent." National Geographic Magazine (September, 2007).
Cyranoski, David. "Climate change: The long-range forecast." Nature 438 (November 17, 2005): 275.276.
Dyurgerov, Mark B. and Mark F. Meier. "Glaciers and the Changing Earth System: A 2004 Snapshot." Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Occasional Paper 58 (2005).
Fealy, Rowan and John Sweeny. "Detection of a possible change point in atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic and its effect on Scandinavian glacier mass balance." International Journal of Climatology 25 (2005): 1819.1833.
Fujita, K. and Y. Ageta. "Effect of summer accumulation on glacier mass balance on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by mass-balance model." Journal of Glaciology 46, 153 (2000), 244.252.
Joerin, Ulrich E., Thomas F. Stocker, and Christian Schlüchter. "Multicentury glacier fluctuations in the Swiss Alps during the Holocene." The Holocene 16 (2006): 697.704.
Hormes, A., J. Beer, and C. Schlüchter. "A geochronological approach to understanding the role of solar activity on Holocene glacier length variability in the Swiss Alps." Geografiska Annaler Series A 88 A, 4 (2006): 281.294.
Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding , D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. Van der Hinden , X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C. A. Johnson (eds). (IPCCc). "Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" [Houghton, J.T., et al. (eds)]. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY USA: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
IPCCb. "Summary for Policymakers." In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Kargel, J. S., R. Wessels, and H. H. Kieffer. "A World of Changing Glaciers: Hazards, Opportunities, and Measures of Global Climate Change." American Goephysical Union, Spring Meeting, Abstract U31A-04 (2002).
Kaser, Georg, Douglas R. Hardy, Thomas Mölg, Raymond S. Bradley, and Tharsis M. Hyera. "Modern Glacier Retreat on Kilimanjaro as Evidence of Climate Change: Observations and Facts." International Journal of Climatology 24 (2004): 329.339.
Kaser, G. and H. Osmaston. Tropical Glaciers (UNESCO International Hydrological Series). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Larsen, C. F., R. J. Motyka, A. A. Arendt, K. A. Echelmeyer, and P. E. Geissler. "Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise." Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007).
Lemke, P., J. Ren, R.B. Alley, I. Allison, J. Carrasco, G. Flato, Y. Fujii, G. Kaser, P. Mote, R.H. Thomas and T. Zhang (IPCCa). "Observations: Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground." In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Liu, Shiyin; Ding, Yongjian; Shangguan, Donghui; Zhang, Yong; Li, Jing; Han, Haidong; Wang, Jian; Xie, Changwei. "Glacier retreat as a result of climate warming and increased precipitation in the Tarim river basin, northwest China." Annals of Glaciology 43 (2006): 91.96.
Luthke, S.B, Arendt, A., Rowlands, D., McCarthy, J., Larsen, C. F., 2008, Recent glacier mass changes in the Gulf of Alaska region from GRACE mascon solutions Journal of Glaciology 54, Number 1988, Decemnber 2008, pp 767-777, DOI: 10.3189/002214308787779933
McKie, Robin. "Millions face glacier catastrophe: Global warming hits Himalayas." The Guardian (November 20 2005).
Meier, Mark F., Mark B. Dyurgerov, Ursula K. Rick, Shad O.Neel, W. Tad Pfeffer, Robert S. Anderson, Suzanne P. Anderson, and Andrey F. Glazovsky. "Glaciers Dominate Eustatic Sea-Level Rise in the 21st Century." Science 317, 1064 (2007): 1064.1067.
Mölg, T., N. Cullen, D. Hardy, and G. Kaser. "Mass balance of a tropical glacier and its sensitivity to climate fluctuations: Kilimanjaro, 5873 m a.s.l." Geophysical Research Abstracts 9, 11307 (2007).
Paterson, W. S. B. The Physics of Glaciers. Oxford, UK: Butterworth Heinemann, 1994.
Paul, Frank, Christian Huggel, Andreas Kääb, Nadine Salzman, Max Maisch, and Wilfried Haeberli. "Glacier change and related hazards in Switzerland." United Nations Environment Program (2007).
National Snow and Ice Data Center. "Glacier Story: A Tour of the Life of a Glacier."
Rasmussen, L. A., and H. Conway. "Climate and glacier variability in western North America." Journal of Climate 17 (2004): 1804.1815.
Stafford, J. M., G. Wendler, and J. Curtis. "Temperature and precipitation of Alaska: 50 year trend analysis." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 67 (2000): 33.44.
Vergara, W., A. M. Deeb, A. M. Valencia, R. S. Bradley, B. Francou, A. Zarzar, A. Grünwaldt, and S. M. Haeussling. "Economic Impacts of Rapid Glacier Retreat in the Andes." Eos 88, 25 (June 19, 2007): 261.268.
Zemp, M., W. Haeberli, M. Hoelzle, and F. Paul. "Alpine glaciers to disappear within decades?" Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006).


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Hotels in Bogota
Bogota Hotels
Carrera 13 68-14, Quinta Camacho (Chapinero), Bogota, Colombia Bogota - Bogota, Colombia
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Carrera 17 A no. 100-16, Bogota, Colombia Bogota - Bogota, Colombia
Bogota, in the Distrito Nacional region of Colombia, is a city transformed. Lush tropical gardens abound and a once crime ridden reputation is changing for better times. Now is a good time to see the capital city before others discover its charm. Reserve your hotel here at EasyToBook.com from our list of discount hotel rooms and reviews to be sure of a good location. This city of contrasts offers a lot to do from a vibrant night life to relaxation in the parks and a plethora of cultural events throughout the year.The Simon Bolivar Municipal Park is ideal for a relaxing walk, or the Botanical Garden in Bogota with its display of tropical plants a beautiful spot on a hot day. For a different experience why not take the Tourist Train to outlying areas and experience another perspective of Colombia. Those who like entertainment may find the Salitre Magico a gem of an amusement park in Bogota, the city with many charms.


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In case you hadn't noticed, your friendly neighborhood Windows Phone Central gaming editor is a big fan of SEGA. While the publisher only operates at a fraction of the size it once did, it continues to produce numerous quality digital titles, plus a fair quantity of worthwhile retail releases.
Last week, we gave the Xbox Windows Phone version of Sonic CD a well-deserved glowing review. This week, we've got two mini reviews of SEGA's latest Xbox 360 offerings: the retail release of Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed and Sega Vintage Collection: ToeJam & Earl for Xbox Live Arcade. Read on to learn about one of the best kart racers ever and a collection of unique Sega Genesis classics.


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Law and Philosophy Faculty
Brian Leiter is best-known for his philosophical reconstruction and defense of the jurisprudence of American Legal Realism and his exploration of the implications of the naturalistic turn in philosophy for the problems of general jurisprudence. Many of his important papers on these topics are collected in Naturalizing Jurisprudence (Oxford, 2007). He is also a leading Nietzsche scholar, with a particular interest in Nietzsche's moral philosophy, and is responsible, with his Nietzsche on Morality (Routledge, 2002), for the renewed scholarly interest in the idea that Nietzsche is a philosophical naturalist. His other published papers treat such topics as the objectivity of morality, legal positivism, religious toleration, the epistemology of evidence law, the intersection of moral and empirical psychology, and aspects of the philosophies of Marx and Foucault.. He was editor for seven years of the journal Legal Theory and is now editor, with Mr. Green, of Oxford Studies in the Philosophy of Law.
Martha C. Nussbaum has made seminal contributions to the study of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy (especially Aristotle and the Stoics), central problems in political philosophy (especially developing the Capabilities Approach to human well-being and reassessing and expanding the Rawlsian theory of justice), the defense of cosmopolitanism as a moral, political, and pedagogical ideal, the philosophy of the emotions, and the study of literature as a source of moral knowledge. Her many books include Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership (Harvard, 2006), Hiding from Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law (Princeton, 2004), Upheavals of Thoughts: The Intelligence of Emotions (Cambridge, 2001), Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach (Cambridge, 2000), Sex and Social Justice (Oxford, 1999), The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Greek Ethics (Princeton, 1994), Love's Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature (Oxford, 1990), and The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy (Cambridge, 1986). All of her work has been deeply engaged with major figures in the history of philosophy, including not only the major Greek and Roman philosophers, but also, in the modern era, especially Kant and Mill. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
David A. Strauss has been a leading contributor to constitutional law and theory for more than twenty years, with a particular interest in philosophical problems that arise in interpreting and applying the U.S. Constitution. His many influential articles include "Legitimacy and Obedience" (Harvard Law Review, 2005), "Common Law, Common Ground, and Jefferson's Principles" (Yale Law Journal, 2003), "Constitutions, Written and Unwritten" (Law and Philosophy, 2001), "What Is Constitutional Theory?" (California Law Review, 1999), "Principle and Its Perils" (University of Chicago Law Review, 1997), "Common Law Constitutional Interpretation" (University of Chicago Law Review, 1996), and "Persuasion, Autonomy, and Freedom of Expression" (Columbia Law Review, 1991). He is, with Geoffrey Stone and Dennis Hutchinson, editor of the Supreme Court Review. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
Each year the Law School also hosts a "Law and Philosophy Fellow," a recent Ph.D. in philosophy with legal interests, who is an active participant in the intellectual and curricular offerings related to law and philosophy at the Law School. The first Law and Philosophy Fellow was Scott Anderson (Ph.D., University of Chicago), Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia. The Law and Philosophy Fellow for 2008-09 is James Staihar (J.D., Harvard University; Ph.D., University of Michigan), who works in philosophy of criminal law, general jurisprudence, and bioethics, among other areas.
Many other members of the law faculty have interests in philosophical aspects of law, including Richard A. Epstein, Lee Anne Fennell, Richard McAdams, Eric Posner, Richard Posner, and David Weisbach.


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ARSC HPC Users' Newsletter 417, December 10, 2010
- North Pole Letters
- Profiling Representation with gprof2dot and Graphviz
- Trying out Github
- Dynamic Shared Objects on the Cray XE6
- Quick Tip
North Pole Letters
We have recovered from a freezing rain event which left a sheet of ice on all the roads. Mail service is back to normal, just in time for our HPC Newsletter holiday tradition. If you know someone who would be thrilled by a letter postmarked "North Pole", your editors can help make that happen.
Put that stamped, addressed letter in another envelope and mail it to us. We will mail the enclosed letter from North Pole, Alaska, which uses a special North Pole Christmas postmark during the Christmas season. We plan to send these letters around December 17, so mail them to us by then so they have plenty of time to get here and then over the next sleigh out of town.
Send to:
Ed Kornkven and Kate Hedstrom Arctic Region Supercomputing Center University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 756020 Fairbanks, AK 99775-6020
Simple Representation of Profiling Information with gprof2dot and Graphviz[ By Anton Kulchitsky ]
Have you ever tried to figure out the details of where your program spends most of its time using only text output like gprof/pgprof or valgrind/callgrind? If the program is complicated enough that some functions are called from different places, it can be challenging to see the whole picture. From one side, there are some useful visualization tools and GUIs available. Some editors can highlight the information and make it more fancy. However, there is a very fast way to visualize your profiling information without installing a new GUI.
In this small introductory letter, a not-so-little Python script is described. Gprof2Dot is a script that converts text output from your profiler to a call graph description. The script is free and it is hosted on Google Code (see links below). A call graph description is given in the dot language that can be processed by the dot utility of the Graphviz package to produce a nice image of your call graph. Thank UNIX, all these procedures can be written as a short one-liner in your favorite terminal. Before we talk about easy and quick installation of these tools, let us look at a few examples.
All examples below were performed on a Linux workstation at ARSC. These results depend on the version of gprof installed and will not necessarily be the same on your machine. The GCC compiler is required to compile the examples.
Let us consider a very simple example to illustrate the point. For this we need to have a program to play with. Let us consider an integration of f(x)*f(y)*f(z) in a [0,1]x[0,1]x[0,1] cube. To make things more interesting, some complication is added to this trivial problem:
/* file: dot-example1.c integral of f(x)*f(y)*f(z) from 0 to 1 */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h>
double f( double x ) { return sin(x) + cos(x); } double fx( double x ) { return f(x); } double fy( double y ) { return f(y); } double fz( double z ) { return sin(z) + cos(z); }
int main() { const size_t N = 300; /* number of segments */ const double dx = 1.0 / N; /* space step */ double e = sin(1.0) - cos(1.0) + 1.0; /* exact value */ e = e*e*e; /* triple integral */
double S = 0; /* integral */ for ( size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i ) { double x = 0.5*dx + i * dx; for ( size_t j = 0; j < N; ++j ) { double y = 0.5*dx + j * dx; for ( size_t k = 0; k < N; ++k ) { double z = 0.5*dx + k * dx; S += dx*dx*dx * fx(x) * fy(y) * fz(z); } } }
printf( "Exact value: %lf\n", e ); printf( "Calculated value: %lf\n", S ); printf( "Difference: %lf\n", S-e );
return 0; }
Let us save this into a file named dot-example1.c . To compile this program we use the following command:
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -pg -lm dot-example1.c
The executable file will be a.out . Option -g will include some debug information that will be helpful for the profiler. Option -pg will insert profiling information. Because we use variable declarations within loop constructs, we need to ask for the C99 standard version with the option -std=gnu99. The option -lm will link against the math library.
Run ./a.out
Now we have a gmon.out file. Let us run the following command in the directory where we ran ./a.out :
gprof ./a.out gprof2dot.py dot -Tpng -o example1.png
That is it. We should have example1.png in our directory. Take a look at this file. Does it seem slightly clearer than the text output produced by gprof?
You can play with any other applications. Please take a look at a more complicated picture that I had profiling one of my own projects:
This little article provides just an introduction. The reader will be able to find much more information. Good starts are at the following links:
- gprof2dot: http://code.google.com/p/jrfonseca/wiki/Gprof2Dot
- Graphviz: http://www.graphviz.org/
Trying out Github[ By Kate Hedstrom ]
As you probably know by now, I've been playing with git for a while. I was sharing files with some external colleagues through a machine at Rutgers, but the sys admin on that computer somehow messed up git and has been travelling so much that he'll never get it fixed. Yesterday it became clear that we were going to have to find another way to share files.
There is a company at github.com which provides git hosting services. If your projects are open source, it is completely free. If your projects are proprietary, there is a fee structure, depending on how many projects, how many colleagues, and how many gigabytes of storage you need. Because we're developing things privately, I went for a "small" account. I'm sure I'll run out of colleagues before I hit the other limits.
At github, they have plenty of help files for setting up your account, including the ssh handshaking with RSA keys (new to me). It all worked fine on midnight and pacman, but it failed on some of the other ARSC systems. They suggest trying "ssh -v firstname.lastname@example.com" to see all the debug messages. Everything seemed to be going perfectly until it failed with:
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey).
This didn't seem very helpful - why wasn't it continuing with the publickey? I got the answer from one of the system people here, who told me that there's a system-level config file for ssh. On the DoD systems at ARSC, they are set to have these defaults:
PubkeyAuthentication no RSAAuthentication no
Changing these from "no" to "yes" in my $HOME/.ssh/config file allowed me to continue. I now have a few projects over there and a pair of collaborators. Github seems like a very well put together site and they are even going to offer an all-day online Git course.
Dynamic Shared Objects on the Cray XE6[ By Ed Kornkven ]
Users of Pingo have become accustomed to the absence of shared libraries on the Cray XT. In order to provide a lean and low-jitter operating system for the XT5s, Cray elected not to provide dynamic objects on the XT5 compute nodes (though the XT5 does have a more fully-featured Linux than was present on the earlier XT machines). It is possible to work around that limitation by copying one's own shared objects to the compute nodes before job launch, but that is obviously a cumbersome approach.
On Chugach, ARSC's new Cray XE6, users will once again be able to link and load dynamic shared objects. Cray has provided a file system service they call Data Virtualization Services (DVS). DVS will project a file system mounted on the service nodes to the compute nodes. Special-purpose DVS nodes will handle that traffic and the number of DVS nodes is scaled to the number of compute nodes.
DVS enables the XE6 compute nodes to access a wide possibility of file systems. It is also the mechanism that Cray is using to enable compute nodes to "see" dynamic objects by providing an alternate root file system on the compute node. The process of using dynamic objects is now straightforward. Simply link with the -dynamic flag or alternatively, set the XTPE_LINK_TYPE environment variable to dynamic before linking.
Quick-Tip Q & A
A:[[ On Solaris there's a cool command called "pargs" that can list the [[ environment variables set for a running process. [[ [[ E.g. [[ [[ host 13% pargs -e 28119 [[ 28119: -bash [[ envp[0]: USER=myusername [[ ... [[ envp[12]: DISPLAY=localhost:15.0 [[ [[ There's no pargs command on Linux. Is there a way to get the environment [[ variables for a process I own on a Linux system? [[
Kudos to readers Samy Al Bahra, Dan Stahlke and Richard Griswold for their tips.
# # From Samy Al Bahra: #
The /proc/<PID>/environ file (in the example given, "cat /proc/28119/environ" would suffice).
# # Dan Stahlke was on the same page: #
In response to this newsletter's question, here is how to show the environment variables in Linux:
cat /proc/4573/environ tr '\0' '\n'
Of course, substitute your process ID for the number. Linux also has a nice command 'pgrep' to get the process ID, so you can just do this:
cat /proc/$(pgrep -n firefox)/environ tr '\0' '\n'
By the way, there are lots of other goodies in /proc.
# # From Richard Griswold: #
The ps command has an option (e) that will show the environment for a process. For example:
> ps e PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 3594 pts/1 SNs 0:00 zsh term=linux SHELL=/bin/zsh TERM=xterm GTK_MODULES= 8571 pts/1 RN+ 0:00 ps e term=xterm SHELL=/bin/zsh TERM=xterm GTK_MODULES
You can mix in other options, such as "w" for wide output, "ww" for full output, or "-e" for all users (you'll need to run as root to see the environment for other users). Check the ps man page for more info.
Q: Building Makefiles always seems like a work of art. Half the time I see a Makefile define everything inside of it for the various includes and libraries that an application needs.
For example:
INCLUDE = -I. -I/usr/include/ -I/usr/include/X11/ -I/usr/local/include/GL INCH5 = -I/import/home/u1/uaf/webb/hdf5/include INCOSG = -I/usr/local/pkg/osg/osg-2.8.0/include
LDFLAGS = -L. -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/X11R6/lib64 -L/usr/local/lib64 LDH5 = -L/import/home/u1/uaf/webb/hdf5/lib LDOSG = -L/usr/local/pkg/osg/osg-2.8.0/lib64 -losg -losgViewer -losgSim
Other times, a Makefile will rely on outside environment variables to provide paths to these resources. When building your Makefiles, which style do you use and when? Is there a powerful compelling reason to use one over the other?
[[ Answers, Questions, and Tips Graciously Accepted ]]
Current Editors:
E-mail Subscriptions:
Ed Kornkven ARSC HPC Specialist ph: 907-450-8669 Kate Hedstrom ARSC Oceanographic Specialist ph: 907-450-8678 Arctic Region Supercomputing Center University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box 756020 Fairbanks AK 99775-6020
Subscribe to (or unsubscribe from) the e-mail edition of the
ARSC HPC Users' Newsletter.
Back issues of the ASCII e-mail edition of the ARSC T3D/T3E/HPC Users' Newsletter are available by request. Please contact the editors.


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|General Technical Chat This section is for technical discussions relating to general maintenance, electrical issues, engine trouble, and recalls.
|Topic Review (Newest First)
First I want to thank you all for your excellent suggestions. The A/C now works!
To make a long story short, it didn't have enough refrigerant. The compressor clutch was not kicking in. Had the equilibrium pressure been near 90 psi I would have gone looking for a fault in the clutch control circuits. However with an equilibrium pressure of only 50 psi it was clear that the system was low on refrigerant. I figured that the low pressure switch might be open. If it was I could monitor it and just add refrigerant until the switch closed. However, I never figured out how to unplug the damned thing!
So I decided on adding refrigerant in 10 psi increments. After each 10 psi increase I would start the engine and see if the clutch would kick in and run the compressor.
The third 10 psi increment got the compressor cycling. Then, I followed the advice to turn on the A/C at it's coldest setting and highest fan speed and then add refrigerant to the low side until the compressor stops cycling. That did the trick!
I turned the car off and let it cool for several hours. The outside temperature was 78 F The equilibrium pressure was now just over 90 psi. I started the car, turned on the A/C set to it's coldest with the fan at it's highest and inserted a thermistor probe into the passenger side middle outlet. The thermistor settled at a temperature of 48 F and the air blowing out was definitely chilly.
For the next few days I will check morning equilibrium pressures, and evenings, after the car's been running, I will check for leaks with soapy water.
Thanks again for everybody's help
It might be there on a 2000 model. I thought it was right on top of the accumulator where the port is. That looks like a LP switch (2 wires), but it's hard to tell from the pic.
Yes all AC systems equalize when the compressor is off. With 134, your charged pressure should be about 10 psi higher than the ambient temp in F. So if it's 90F outside, you'll see about 100 psi. If you're only seeing 50 psi either that gauge is bad, or you have nothing but air in there. If you have nothing but air, you need a vacuum pump, and most likely a new accumulator at the least.
This might bode badly for you. The 2000 model requires a much more expensive repair in parts to replace the accumulator. If you check online parts ordering places like RockAuto.com (we can get you a 5% dc) you'll see a note that tells you that models made between 7/99 and 1/01 or something like that require a different kit. The new accumulator comes with a hose. IIRC, the difference is that there are fittings at the new accumulator so you can replace it without replacing the hose going to the compressor. At any rate, parts store prices will shock you, but that might give you a better chance to look at the part itself in case someone has already done this repair- in that case you can use the 02 accumulator which is cheaper.
A new orifice tube is a good idea since the system is down.
Best of luck, but 50 psi static pressure is not a good sign.
Does the clutch on the compressor turn on?
Turn the knob to defrost, the fan to #4, and the AC button on
The low pressure switch only needs 23 psi to remain closed
Pins 2 and 4 on the switch should have <2 ohms
Pin 2 on the harness is +10v
pin 4 is the return back to the CPU at pin #41 (grn/yell wire)
In Model Specific Discussions > MK1 Focus, in the thread named Bypass low pressure switch? austinpetemo asked Where is the low pressure switch for the ac? In answer, elsolo said It's low on the firewall, next to the pass side strut tower, behind the PS reservoir.
Looking in that area I found what I think is the low pressure switch (see photo below). Should I be looking somewhere under the fender?
Either way, can you direct me to a photo or engineering drawing of the connector with directions on where to press to unplug the wires so I can determine if the switch is open or closed?
Im no stranger to automotive AC. I have gauges for both R12 and R134a, a vacuum pump and a can heater.
When the engine is cold and not running, the refrigerant pressure will be equal through out most AC systems. Under those conditions I get 50 psi on the easily accessible HI pressure side. I dont know if 50 psi will close the low pressure switch. I suppose not since the compressor clutch does not engage when the AC is turned on with the engine running. If the switch is open, I want to monitor it while adding refrigerant to the low pressure side with the engine off. Once I see the switch close I can start the engine, get the compressor running and add refrigerant as required. This way the compressor will not be compromised by being forced to run with insufficient refrigerant.
After charging I can look for leaks. However, if the system has not been serviced at all in 13 years then it is possible that its current condition is just due to normal/expected refrigerant losses.
I realize that there are other things that could cause the compressor clutch to not function but, having found that there is insufficient refrigerant I want to fix that first.
Um.... you need gauges to verify that you have refrigerant. Maybe the universe is trying to tell you something. The low pressure switch will be closed when the engine is off if you have any charge at all. These do not fail often, but they do fail, so if you test the switch for continuity and don't get it- AND you know you have static pressure at around 100 psi depending on the ambient temp. Then it's bad.
AFAIK, you just press the tabs, wiggle and pull. It's probably stuck from not being unplugged in 13 years. You are unplugging the one under the fender- right?
General AC Troubleshooting and Repair.
How to unplug the AC low pressure sensor?
Im trying to check if the low pressure AC switch is open. I was able to get to it by removing what I think is the cruise control servo. I can get a hand on the connector but no matter where and how hard I squeeze it just wont come off. Obviously I am doing something wrong but there is nothing in the TIS manual regarding how to unplug this thing.
Is there some special tool I need? Im on the verge of cutting the two damned wires, testing the switch and then using a couple of speed nuts to reconnect the wires. I really dont want to do that so any help would be appreciated.
Please help! The boss is constantly complaining about the AC not working and how it makes her sweat in the car.
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text: Who, other than Oda or Gachinski, would have been awarded the bronze medal with better judging? No one, as far as I can tell. Kozuka beat Gachinski fair and square, and Dornbush (who didn't do any quadruple jumps) couldn't have beaten him without outscoring Chan on PCS. Březina (the fourth-place finisher) ran out of steam in the last portion of his LP and fell twice. Takahashi (fifth) was very generously marked given that he fell in the LP. Amodio (seventh) didn't do any quads and didn't have particularly distinguished programs. Joubert (eighth) had a sloppy SP and missed his combo.


text: HEy everyone, I just took delivery of an 06 WRX TR, in Steel Gray. I love it. Wingless!!! haha, Anyways, I get to do the pleasant task of breaking it in, but I am coming from a Big FWD History, I had a GSR Hatch, and my recent ride was a SVT Focus, in which was a Show car. I had quite a bit of work and money tied into it, and On the freeway I got clipped and Was spun into the wall at 80 mph. Totaled it out!! I was a mess, luckily my insurance paid it off, and I ended up with what I have always wanted AWD Turbo. Preferably the 06 due to the new tranny design and motor upgrade. Anyways I will post pics in the AM. Thanks everyone.


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Multivitamin- According to Dr. Oz, a multivitamin fulfills your daily nutritional needs for the day. He recommends taking half in the morning and half at night to maximize absorption. One of my gummy multivitamins is half a dose, so that works perfect for me to take one in the morning and one at night.
2. The studies performed from 1989 to 1998 more routinely showed significant benefit compared to the later studies. The possible reason for the change: Statin drugs have become the standard of care in patients with cardiovascular disease since 1998. With such powerful drugs on board, it may be very difficult to see an added benefit of fish oil.
3. Omega-3 fats are essential fats. That means our body needs them to function, but we can't make them on our own. We must get them from our diets. Unfortunately, most of us don't eat enough fish, or the fish we're eating may not be great sources of these necessary fats (often due to the type of fish or the farming practices). Plant-based sources of omega-3's (like walnuts, flax seeds and chia seeds) are great sources of one type of EPA omega-3, but not the other, DHA. You need to eat good sources of fish (wild salmon, trout, sardines, anchovies, herring and mackerel), or algae (as in sushi), or take supplements in order to get the DHA.
4. Omega-3's have been found to be beneficial for rheumatoid arthritis, reduction in breast cancer risk, reduction in ulcerative colitis risk, prevention of weight loss during chemotherapy, prevention of age-related macular degeneration, decreased symptoms of depression, anxiety, bipolar disease, and schizophrenia, decrease in premature births, and age-related cognitive decline.
We have a ways to go before the scientists have proven, without a doubt, all the benefits of taking omega-3 supplements, but for now, it makes sense to take at least 600mg/day of DHA as insurance against low dietary intakes, given the minimal risk (other than the cost of the pills or the risk of reaction in patients with severe fish allergy).
BCAA- Branched Chain Amino Acids may help promote workout recovery, encourage muscle growth, and support strength. I got mine through the Bodybuilding.com website. I add 3 tablespoons to my water bottle and drink it while I workout. Mine is orange flavored so it just tastes like orange-flavored water. I like the taste.
Protein Powder- I try to drink a shake after each workout. Right now, I'm making it with one packet of Lean Body for Her powder plus 8 ounces of water and a few ice cubes. It tastes like a chocolate milk shake.


text:
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Giving Thanks
It is the week of Thanksgiving, so I thought I would share a few things for which I am thankful. One thing for which I am thankful is the US manufacturing sector. This is the best way we have in this country to create wealth and prosperity.
Bill Wood, MoldMaking Technology's Economics Editor
MoldMaking Technology's Economics Editor, Mountaintop Economics & Research Inc.
MoldMaking Technology's Economics Editor, Mountaintop Economics & Research Inc.
It is the week of Thanksgiving, so I thought I would share a few things for which I am thankful.
One thing for which I am thankful is the US manufacturing sector. This is the best way we have in this country to create wealth and prosperity. Not so long ago, the manufacturing sector accounted for 20% of our nation's GDP. During that time, median household income rose steadily. It was easy to believe that subsequent generations of Americans would be better off than the previous generations.
But somewhere we lost our way. Manufacturing now accounts for only about 12% of our nation's GDP, and this decline has corresponded with a steady decrease in median household income. The average household in America now makes the same amount of money as it did in 1990, and the trend is headed in the wrong direction. Household income levels have declined for four consecutive years. If we ever hope to get back to a time when household incomes enjoy steady and sustained increases, then we need to start manufacturing more things.
I am also thankful for magazines such as Moldmaking Technology, Plastics Technology, Modern Machine Shop, and also their respective websites and blogs. One of the biggest factors constraining our manufacturing sector is a shortage of skilled labor. The skills gap, as it is called, is a complicated and long-term problem, but these magazines and blogs are an important part of the solution. If you think about it, their only real purpose is to make manufacturers more productive. They have been accomplishing this mission for a very long time, and in my opinion nobody does it better.
So we may need to invest more time and money into our community colleges and our high school industrial arts programs in order to entice more young people into entering the manufacturing sector for career. But for people who are already in the industry, one of the best ways I know to stay abreast of the rapidly changing products and ideas in the plastics and metalworking sectors is to read regularly these types of publications and websites. That is what I call work force development.
And finally, I am thankful for thoughtful consumers and citizens. For far too long now, we have been brainwashed into thinking that cheaper is always better when it comes to the things we buy. Unfortunately, the price of a product or service does not always capture all of the social costs incurred by the production and consumption of that product. Many times these costs are passed on for some other unnamed parties to pay at some other unspecified time. People in the manufacturing sector have learned the hard way that everyday low prices do not always increase value or prosperity for America.
So those are the things for which I am thankful this year. I am hopeful that next year I can add "competent policymakers in Washington" to my list.


text:
Robie's Store in Hooksett is looking for someone to love it
By BENJAMIN C. KLEIN
Union Leader Correspondent | September 29. 2013 9:39PM
Robie's Country Store Historic Preservation Corporation President Robert Schroeder said he has spoken to multiple people interested in keeping the Hooksett landmark open. (BEN KLEIN PHOTO)
"I think Robie's is very important to the town in terms of its history and culture," Shankle said. "People in town care about it ... someone will jump in, so I am not worried; all will be well."
He said he has spoken to multiple people interested in keeping the doors open.
The Robie's Country Store Historic Preservation Corp. bought the building in 2000 from the Robie family, which had owned it for five generations. The deli and breakfast spot has long been a campaign stop for candidates in New Hampshire's first-in-the-nation presidential primary.
Schroeder acknowledged that Chouinard would be hard to replace.
The store has been designated in both the state and national registers of historic places.
"We are looking forward to regaining the old customer base and hope that people won't forget about us; I feel like we are a vital part of the community," Schroeder said. "We want to be here and continue in that role."
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text:
Between my upcoming Zam Wesell costume and
the Boushh I am planing to do, I would also love to make a Boba Fett costume.
Who is the best maker of Boba Fett parts and how much will cost a costume round about?
I saw some sellers on ebay but I am not sure how there quality are.


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Miles to Go
NH native in 10th place after first 350 cold, snowy miles in Iditarod
By PAUL FEELY
New Hampshire Union Leader | March 05. 2014 8:17PM
New Hampshire native Aliy Zirkle's team hits the trail in Alaska. She was in 10th place Wednesday in her 14th Iditarod race. (COURTESY)
Aliy Zirkle, who was born in Nashua and lived in Merrimack until age 8, was listed in 10th place in the race Wednesday afternoon. Zirkle has finished second in the race the last two years. She is trying to become the third woman in history to win the race across Alaska, and the first since the late Susan Butcher took home her fourth title in 1990.
The race started Sunday near Anchorage, and will finish sometime early next week — likely Tuesday or Wednesday — in the city of Nome, on Alaska's west coast. As of Wednesday, 11 mushers from a starting field of 69 competitors had dropped out, while race officials withdrew a 12th.
Zirkle grew up in St. Louis and Puerto Rico after her family left Merrimack. She enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania, earning degrees in biology and anthropology. Zirkle discovered her love for running sled dogs when she headed to Alaska in 1990 at age 20 to count birds for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, according to a brief biography posted at her sled dog team's online "dog blog."
Zirkle headed into the Iditarod fresh off her first-place finish in the 2014 Yukon Quest 300, finishing several miles ahead of the nearest competitor.
In 1973 the first Iditarod sled dog race was held, in part to commemorate the role sled dogs and the Iditarod trail played in the 1925 diphtheria outbreak in Nome, recounted in the famous stories of dogs Balto and Togo and the mercy dash carrying vaccines. This year Aliy is carrying 10 doses of the Tdap vaccine in her sled to Nome as part of an vaccines awareness campaign. Tdap is tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccine, designed as a booster for patients age 7 and older. Tdap is also given to women during pregnancy to prevent disease in the mother and unborn child. Tdap vaccination is required by Alaska state law for students to attend public school.
"We are so happy for her to be out there," said Dr. Diane Richter, DVM, director of Compassion Hospital. "She enjoys it, and finds it to be a wonderful experience. We can't wait for her to get back and tell us all about it."
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Owning a car is every persons' dream, but that dream doesn't come around easy. Before buying a car, a person should check for the best deals around, and then decide where to buy. What should a person consider when purchasing a new car? A buyer must take into consideration the manufacturer of the automobile he/she wants, the specifications of the car, the price and the function of the car; either for commercial purposes or for personal use.
The best car deals could offer low interest rates, discounts off the sticker prices, cash back/rebates, among other incentives. Toyota is one of the oldest automobile manufacturers, originally from Japan.
Other car manufactures such as Buick, General Motors Corp., Ford, KIA, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru and Volkswagen are potential buyer choices. They all come from remarkably successful companies. German owned Volkswagen produces quality vehicles with fair pricing both from the company and also from car sellers all around the world. Subaru being a Japanese car is not so easy and cheap to maintain, though it is made for speed and comfort and price ranges from $8,000 – $25,000. The Subaru Legacy comes with a stunning V-6 engine and a 2.0cc capacity. Its fuel consumption is manageable and it has a sleek design, which shows the beauty of the car in every aspect.
KIA purchase offers are pretty competitive for their 2012 Sorento SUV. Mitsubishi also produces a wide range of cars from SUV's to sedans. It outputs tremendous power for the user. Though expensive to maintain its fueling is not an issue because its gasoline consumption rate is tolerable. A famous model of a Mitsubishi can go for about $18,000. A person saves up to $2,000 in a deal like this. Diesel automobiles are commercially manufactured due to their cheap maintenance cost and economical fuel consumptions. Diesel engines also produce remarkable power that helps in the execution of designated tasks. This type of car includes the SUV's. Having a price range of about $10,000 – $50,000, these types of cars are quite powerful and important for carriage purposes. Most of them have engine capacities of 3.0cc and this is quite a pull.
The 2012 Lincoln MKS is among the best luxury large cars. It has a comfortable interior with a large list of standard quality features. If you are in search of a spacious luxury car with a stylish exterior setting, a low base price and a wide range of amenities, then the Lincoln MKS is your best deal. Many test drivers have concurred that this is among the most comfortable sedans they've driven. It offers leg enough room from all the sitting positions. At an average price of $43,000 you can have all these wonderful features.
With an option of paying in installments of up to 48 months with no financing, you can have the Mitsubishi Outlander in your dock. The Outlander has been considered to be very economical on fuel and this comes as a good deal for the shoppers who are economically conscious with regard to fuel. The Outlander also ranks high when it comes to interior space. It has enough passenger space and adequate space for your extra suitcases. The car is designed to suit both the tall and the short drivers and passengers. This is a good deal for those with drivers varying in height. The Mitsubishi Outlander is a perfect deal for shoppers who would like to spend less than $20,000 on a vehicle with excellent fuel economy and gives ample space to fit all your luggage, as well as passengers.
Some of the more affordable cars that have been put forward include Mazda CX-9, Honda Fit, Toyota Sierra, Toyota Avalon, and the Ford Escape. These models come with various incentives ranging from low financing rates to rebates. The affordable cars range from small, medium to large sizes with a few compact and subcompact makes. On most car deals, the dealers offer 0%, 0.9% and 1.9% financing, which may be accompanied by another incentives or a buyer may be given the choice between two or more options of purchase. There are those dealers who have provisions to finance the buyer rather than the buyer having the purchase financed through their own banks. In a majority of these dealer-financed offers, the buyer often ends up paying less. Cash backs are always an attractive offer for any class of purchaser and for some models, one can save as much $3,000.
Leasing options are also available on cars and the lease offers have been getting sweeter and sweeter due to competition, economic situations and the introduction of newer technology that is geared toward models such as hybrid cars. Hybrids are expected to change the face of the automotive industry. A good lease offer is one that has a longer pay period and better lease conditions in terms of interest, monthly installments and the initial deposit demanded. For instance, the Mazda CX-5 and 2012 Nissan Rogue S are both worth mentioning because of their availability for leasing. Comparison of lease deals is a wise thing to do as opting for the better deal may save you as much as $1,200 after all payments are made. Car deals can be found on both direct purchases and lease terms.
From sedans, compact cars, sports cars, hybrid cars to SUVs, available car deals should be considered in addition to other information such as safety and fuel consumption. The information is given readily on the specific models at your dealer of choice. Luxury, safety, comfort, economy and reliability are factors to consider in the choice of car deals, with some factors holding more weight than others do. For those who want to put family first and want a good, roomy car that can carry their members comfortably there are good deals on cars that have third row seats. Narrow down the deals and once they are down to two or three as your possible 'dream car,' take a test-drive and then make the best choice between your alternatives. Then enjoy your new asset and the money you saved.


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Hi there, I just joined and I would like to mention that there will be a big prop party on May 26th at the Days Hotel at 1677 Wilson Ave.
Anyone in costume is welcome.
Admission will probably be between $15 - $20
To find out more see the site at
2012 Toronto Prop Party **MAY 26, 2012**
Last year's was a blast.
PM me if you're interested.


text:
Jump to:Page Content
Home > News & Events > Events Calendar > Innovation, Catch-up and Leapfrogging: Policy Implications for Emerging Economies
Please join us for a guest lecture by Professor Keun Lee. Professor Lee will discuss his new book, Schumpeterian Analysis of Economic Catch-up: Knowledge, Path-Creation, and the Middle-Income Trap (Cambridge University Press, November 2013). This event will be chaired by Professor Calestous Juma. It will be held in conjunction with Professor Juma's class, IGA-523, and co-sponsored by the Center for Economic Catch-up at Seoul National University, South Korea. Coffee will be available from 8:30-9:00. The event will begin promptly at 9:00. Please contact Katherine Gordon if you are interested in attending. Additionally, this event will be webcast live here: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/live. It will begin streaming 15 minutes before the event.


text:
Boortz referred to estate tax proponents as "followers of Karl Marx"
During the September 19 edition of Fox News' Hannity & Colmes, right-wing radio host Neal Boortz attacked defenders of a federal estate tax, stating, "[A]s much as it disturbs the followers of Karl Marx, yes, I want the death tax over with." When co-host Alan Colmes responded, "I'm a Marxist now, I see," Boortz responded, "I want it all gone," holding up a copy of the book he co-wrote with Rep. John Linder (R-GA), The FairTax Book (ReganBooks, August 2005). The book relies on several deceptive claims to advocate replacing the federal tax system with a national retail sales tax, as Media Matters for America has documented [1].
In addition to Colmes, others whom Boortz would presumably deem "followers of Karl Marx" for their support of the estate tax include President Theodore Roosevelt (who proposed the first estate tax in a 1906 address to Congress [2]) and steel mogul Andrew Carnegie [3] (who wrote [4] the following about inheritance taxes in his book The Gospel of Wealth: "Of all forms of taxation, this seems the wisest").
From the September 19 edition of Fox News' Hannity & Colmes:
COLMES: So they should not have -- are you in favor of tax cuts? You want to have more tax cuts at a time -- you want to cut the state taxes at a time when they're still struggling to pay for it and help the rich? Is that what you want to do?
SEAN HANNITY (co-host): Absolutely.
BOORTZ: As much -- as much as it disturbs the followers of Karl Marx, yes, I want the death tax over with.
COLMES: I'm a Marxist now, I see. OK.
BOORTZ: As a matter of fact, Alan, glad you mentioned that. I want it all gone, OK? [Holds up a copy of The FairTax Book]


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21 10 2009 02:48
We understand that the Soundcard market can be a little daunting if you don't know exactly what you are looking for; so here is our Dolphin buying guide
06 10 2009 10:43
In response to a growing need for wireless systems users to understand the impact of OFCOM's Digital Dividend Review in 2012, Audio-Technica has produced a thorough DDR FAQ document. Find out more...
25 06 2009 11:15
Why & How and a round up of some of our most popular MIDI keyboards ranging from the super small to the super controllable!
17 06 2009 01:00
With the fourth installment of the sci-fi series Terminator, composer Danny Elfman weighs in with a gripping film score that features Spectrasonics' Omnisphere virtual instrument on many of the music cues – Elfman often used two Omnispheres for up to sixteen possible sounds at once.
09 06 2009 03:05
Our complete round up of FREE Music Making Resources exclusive FREE Plug ins and Music Making Advice!
We have worked hard to create one of the safest online shopping environments in the industry. We have been trading online since 1999 & have served thousands of customers over this time.


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Philip K. Howard:
Four ways to fix a broken legal system
The land of the free has become a legal minefield, says Philip K. Howard — especially for teachers and doctors, whose work has been paralyzed by fear of suits. What's the answer? A lawyer himself, Howard has four propositions for simplifying US law.
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An octogenarian couple find their love put to the ultimate test when one of them suffers a stroke, and the other must assume the role of the caretaker in this compassionate yet unsentimental drama from director Michael Haneke. Georges (Jean-Louis Trintignant) and Anne (Emmanuelle Riva) are retired classical-music teachers savoring their golden years in a comfortable apartment when Anne experiences a stroke that leaves her partially paralyzed. As devoted Georges struggles with the formidable task of becoming Anne's full-time caretaker, a visit from their adult daughter Eva (Isabelle Huppert) reaffirms just how secluded from society the highly educated couple have become since retiring. ~ Jason Buchanan, Rovi


text: i'm currently capturing video from in-game of war of angels, but it keeps on getting only 3 minutes of gametime, can anyone help me to make it longer? i can't find any option for that on my fraps. or give me what i should use to get longer of my game video.


text:
Isolated and selected by the National Agricultural Research Institute in Narbonne, France. 71B is particularly known for its use in fermenting fruity blush and semi-sweet whites. Long-lived aromas are due to its production of esters and higher alcohols. 71B also softens high acid musts by partially metabolizingmalic acid. 71B is used primarily by professional winemakers for young wines such as vin nouveau and has been found to be very suitable for blush and residual sugar whites. For grapes in regions naturally high in acid, the partial metabolism of malic acid helps soften the wine. 71B also has the ability to produce significant esters and higher alcohols, making it an excellent choice for fermenting concentrates. Also suitable for use in vodka, gin and neutral spirits.
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I believe they do make them. A friend of mine was telling me how much he liked it.Originally Posted by Charlie
Anyone know if HK ever made a .45 cal. in the P7 format? I know they made a .40 cal. (was it a P10?), but I know nothing of a .45 cal. in that format. Any info will be knowledge gained and appreciated.
I believe they do make them. A friend of mine was telling me how much he liked it.Originally Posted by Charlie
"Among P7 aficionados, there is one pistol that gets them fired up more than any other. The P7M7. Rarest of the P7s, the M7 in .45ACP never went beyond prototype stage. There are only six examples in the world, and they are in the possession of HK. There was one rumored to be for sale in Honolulu, Hawaii for $10,000, but this was surely a bogus claim. The six were produced in 1983. The serial numbers ranged from 001M7 to 006M7. With a magazine capacity of seven rounds, you can see why it was called the M7. Here are the clearest photos ever of this magnificent handgun."
Many thanks -gunut-. That's a magnificent gun and excellent picture. But it does not seem likely I'll be saving up for one anytime soon. Guess I'll have to stick with a 9mm (on the wish list). Thanks again.\
Haha yeah. Glad to have helpedOriginally Posted by Charlie
Not real familiar with the P9S. Actually not real familiar with most of the HK's. I handled, viewed, played with, etc. a P7M8 and a P7PSP recently and fell in love. I have not shot one yet. If you see me on the highway pickin' up 'luminum cans, throw me your change.
Yes but not the same.Originally Posted by 2400
Almost everything you would like to know about HK is found on
Just click on world of HK.
Hope this helps!
Looks like it's gonna' take a lot of 'luminum cans for the P7's as they went out of production (according to the HK site) in 2000!
P9S right?Originally Posted by 2400
Yes, it looks like the one in my safe.Originally Posted by -gunut-
Last edited by Shipwreck; 07-06-2006 at 05:49 PM.
You guys have me confused again............
I think it was only last year they stopped making the P7. I bought mine new in 2002.Originally Posted by Charlie
Yeah that is not the style he is looking for.Originally Posted by 2400
And the one he wants
See difference?