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The University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) offers graduate programs leading to the degrees of Master of Science (M.S.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in the Marine- Estuarine-Environmental Sciences (MEES). The mission of the MEES Program is to train graduate students in the overall environmental sciences. There is a clear need for scientists with training in this area, given the multitude of environmental problems faced by society today. The interests of students in the program are diverse, but generally center on some aspect of the interaction between biological and physical or chemical systems. The analysis of this interaction may be anything from a study of molecular mechanisms to an assessment of the economics of an environmental impact. To ensure that all students in the program have some understanding of the breadth of information in the field of environmental sciences, each student is required to have course work in a variety of areas.
The interests of faculty and students within the MEES Program have led to six formally defined Areas of Specialization (AOSs), from which a student may choose. The AOSs are: Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Environmental Science, Fisheries Science, and Oceanography. Each student will choose an AOS when applying, and both admission and program requirements will depend on the AOS and the student's background and interests.
The strongest concentrations at UMES are in the AOSs of Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Science and Fisheries Science, with Environmental Molecular Biology and Biotechnology under development and strengthening.
The MEES Program is a University System of Maryland (USM) interdisciplinary graduate degree program. Courses taken by MEES students are taught on participating USM campuses and at USM research laboratories. A course taught at a USM campus is available to enrolled graduate students through the inter-institutional enrollment process.
Applicants as well as matriculated students in the program should consult the MEES program website for additional information and details on the program which are not covered in the MEES program section of this catalog, and for any updates to the program after the time of the catalog printing. The MEES program comprehensive website is www.mees.umd.edu.
Applicants will be considered for admission and advising on participating campuses by faculty associated with an appropriate Area of Specialization (AOS) based on the applicant's requests. Applicants are free to apply to more than one AOS, if so desired. Prospective students may apply through the University of Maryland Baltimore County Graduate School, the University of Maryland Graduate School at College Park, or the Graduate School at UMES. In general, a student who has identified a specific member of the faculty with whom to work should apply to the campus where that faculty member is affiliated. A student may also apply to a particular campus due to geographic considerations. See the UMES contacts for inquiries and applications at the end of this section.
Applicants to the MEES Program will be considered at both the M.S. and Ph.D. levels. In the event an applicant to the Ph.D. program has only a B.A. or B.S. degree, admission may initially be to the M.S. program with the final acceptance to the Ph.D. program contingent on successful completion of a probationary period (usually one year) and on the recommendation of the student's Research Advisory Committee.
An Admissions Committee from each Area of Specialization has been established to evaluate the applications of prospective students based on the following criteria:
1. The applicant's research interests must be clearly stated and relevant to one or more of the MEES Areas of Specialization.
2. The academic preparation of the applicant must be consonant with stated interests and AOS requirements.
3. The undergraduate GPA must be at least 3.0, although some students with a GPA below 3.0 may be provisionally accepted based on related research or work experience.
4. Applicants must submit the following required documents as part of their application for graduate study in the MEES Program:
A.Graduate Record Examination Scores (Only the General Test is required, although one of the Advanced Tests is strongly recommended. See the AOS prerequisites).
B.Transcripts of all college-level work.
C.A brief essay clearly defining areas of research interest and research objectives preferably including the AOS(s) of interest. The essay should be carefully prepared, not in outline form, and will assist with identification of an academic advisor should the applicant be judged admissible.
D.Three letters of recommendation from persons familiar with the academic work of the applicant.
The initial screening of an applicant's credentials is done by the Admissions Committee of the appropriate AOS(s). Each AOS has course prerequisites (described in subsequent subsections). Students missing several of these prerequisite courses may be offered provisional acceptance. Students missing four or more prerequisites will generally not be admitted, and should plan to take some of those courses before re-applying for admission.
Receipt of the application will initiate the search for an appropriate faculty member to serve as the academic advisor for the student. No student will be admitted to the Program for whom an advisor has not been identified in advance. Hence, if prior discussions have taken place between an applicant and a member of the faculty regarding the faculty member's serving as advisor to the student, that fact should be mentioned in the application and the potential advisor should forward a letter of agreement. The student will be matriculated on the degree-granting campus of his/her advisor, following admission of the applicant by the respective Graduate School.
Application deadlines are:
Fall Semester - December 1 to February 1 Spring Semester - August 1 to September 1
For international applicants the application deadlines are:
Fall Semester - December 1 to February 1Spring Semester - June 1
Advisors and Research Advisory Committees
Prior to final admission to the MEES Program, students are assigned to an advisor. This person will be responsible for advising on all aspects of the student's progress through the program. Any request for a change of advisor must be submitted to and be approved by the AOS committee and the MEES Program Director (Central Office).
In certain situations, a student may want a second Academic Advisor. This might happen if, for instance, the professor most familiar with the student's work will have only an Associate Graduate Faculty status. In this case, it is possible to set up a Co-Advisor team of two professors who jointly serve in the role of Advisor (the other having Regular Graduate Faculty status).
Due to the expected divergent interests and goals of students in the MEES Program, as well as the dispersion of campuses and laboratories, the early formation of a Research Advisory Committee (RAC) is mandatory to develop an individual program. During the first semester of enrollment in the MEES Program, the student and the Advisor must form this committee and submit its membership to the AOS Committee chairperson for approval. The RAC committee should meet during the first semester, and must make its written recommendations for a program of study before the end of the second semester.
A Master's Research Advisory Committee will consist of three members, all of whom must be Regular or Associate members of a University System of Maryland (USM) campus Graduate Faculty. A Ph.D. Research Advisory Committee must have five members, three of whom must be Regular or Associate faculty as above. The Ph.D. Research Advisory Committee can consist of a minimum of three members, who are USM graduate faculty, until the Comprehensive Examinations, at which time it must have all five members. The student's Advisor will serve as chair of this committee. The membership of the Research Advisory Committee should not be drawn entirely from a single laboratory or department. Replacement of committee members is expected, as needed, based on the Advisor's recommendation. The program of study is laid out by the Research Advisory Committee in the first or second semester and will include any missing prerequisites [all prerequisites must be completed within the first year in the program], all required core courses, and any specialized courses the committee believes the student needs. Total required and suggested courses will often exceed the general credit minimum (30 for M.S. and 36 for Ph.D.). The program of study must then be approved by the appropriate MEES AOS Committee and the MEES Central Office.
The Research Advisory Committee is responsible for initial approval of the student's area of research. Once the student has chosen an area of research, a proposal should be written up and discussed with the Research Advisory Committee. This preliminary research proposal should be brief (3-5 pages), but should cover as specifically as possible the student's research interests. Students in the Ph.D. program will later develop a more comprehensive research proposal which they must defend before advancement to candidacy. Students in the M.S. program will develop a more complete Thesis Proposal to submit to their Research Advisory Committee as described below. The approved preliminary proposal should be filed with the MEES Program Director's office (the Central office) by the end of the second semester following entry into the MEES Program.
An M.S. student's Research Advisory Committee will approve the Thesis Proposal and the Thesis Defense. Master's students are not required to take Comprehensive Examinations. For Ph.D. students, the Research Advisory Committee will administer the Defense of the Dissertation Proposal, oversee the student's research, and administer the Dissertation Defense. Once formulated, the names of the Research Advisory Committee members must be submitted to an AOS Committee Chairperson for approval.
Annual progress reviews initiated by the advisor will be conducted through the MEES Program Central office and the AOS committees to ensure satisfactory progress of MEES students toward degree completion (coursework and research direction).
Master of Science Requirements
The specific requirements for the MEES M.S. degree program are as follows:
1. Course Work
A.A minimum of 30 credits with 24 credits of course work and 6 credits of graduate research. Of the 24 course credits, 12 of them must be at the 600 level or higher. Exceptions and waivers for equivalent courses taken at other institutions may be used to meet prerequisite requirements of the student's AOS upon approval of the appropriate AOS Committee. Although graduate courses taken elsewhere may serve to fulfill AOS requirements, only six credits from such courses may be identified as transfer credits. Courses used to fulfill requirements for a previously awarded degree cannot be used for transfer credits.
B. One seminar course (MEES 608 or equivalent) must be taken for each year in residence (on average); total of 2.
C. One approved Statistics course (400 level or higher) is required.
D. One graduate course representing significant interdisciplinary breadth, preferably outside the student's AOS is required.
E. One course or seminar in Environmental Management (a 3-4 cr. course can satisfy 'd' above) is required.
2. Thesis Defense
An oral defense of the Thesis, administered according to Graduate School procedures will take place at the completion of the research project. This defense will be conducted by the Research Advisory Committee and will be administered once all other degree requirements have been fulfilled. The Thesis Defense will generally last no longer than two hours, but the time will be long enough to ensure an adequate examination. The Research Advisory Committee also approves the thesis, and it is the candidate's obligation to see that each member of the committee has at least two weeks in which to examine a copy of the thesis prior to the time of the defense. The Research Advisory Committee may conclude that the candidate has passed or failed. A student may be conditionally passed with the provision that minor changes in the thesis be made by the student and approved by the Major Advisor. A student who fails may, at the discretion of the committee and with approval of the MEES Program Director and the UMES Graduate Dean, be permitted to stand a second defense after acting on suggestions for improvement of the thesis (e.g., collection of more data, use of different statistical analysis, rewriting of the discussion, etc.), at such time as the advisor considers appropriate. Once the thesis has been successfully defended, one copy must be supplied to the UMES MEES Office in addition to the copies required by the Graduate School.
See http://www.mees.umd.edu/progressMS.html for a complete progress checklist for the M.S. degree.
Doctor of Philosophy Requirements
The specific requirements for the MEES Ph.D. degree program are as follows:
a. The student must complete a minimum of 36 credits, with at least 24 credits of coursework and 12 credits of dissertation research. Twelve credits of coursework must be at the 600 level or above. Credits used to obtain a M.S. degree at a USM campus or other college/university cannot be transferred to the Ph.D. program. However, if a student has completed a M.S. degree, up to 16 credits of appropriate courses can be waived by petition to the AOS committee.
b. One seminar course (MEES 608 or equivalent) is required for each year in residence (on average); total of 4.
c. One approved Statistics course (600 level or higher) is required.
d. One graduate course representing significant interdisciplinary breadth, preferably outside the student's AOS is required.
e. One course or seminar in Environmental Management is required (a 3-4 cr. course can satisfy'd' above).
2. Examinations
Formal application for advancement to candidacy for the doctoral degree requires successful completion of both a Comprehensive Examination and an oral Defense of the Dissertation Proposal. The Comprehensive Examination must be passed before the student can defend the Dissertation Proposal.
a. Comprehensive Examination
The MEES Program central office has both general MEES and specific AOS committee guidelines available for comprehensive examinations.
The Research Advisory Committee is responsible for administering the comprehensive examination. Since this examination must be successfully completed before the dissertation proposal can be defended, it is in the student's best interests to take the Comprehensive Examination as early as possible in the Program. The exam must be taken by the end of the student's fifth semester. This examination is intended to determine whether the student demonstrates sufficient evidence of scholastic and intellectual ability in major and related academic areas. The examination will not be a defense of the research proposal. Areas of the examination will be chosen by the student with the committee's approval, from a general list formulated by the AOS Committee. One area of the examination must be chosen for interdisciplinary breadth (e.g., relating to the interdisciplinary course from the core curriculum).
The examination will include a combination of written and oral sections. The Research Advisory Committee will determine whether the student passes (a minimum of four affirmative votes is required), or fails. If failed, the examination may, at the recommendation of the Research Advisory Committee, be taken again. In this case the examination should be repeated within one year, but no sooner than six months, after the initial examination. If the examination is failed a second time, admission will be cancelled. Any conditional passing of the examination must be satisfied before the examination can be rendered "successfully completed." The MEES Program Director's office (the central office) must be notified at least two weeks in advance of the pending examination. A report of the examination will be filed with the Director's Office following the examination.
The USM interactive video network system may be used for oral comprehensive examinations and dissertation proposal defenses but all committee members, the student and the Graduate Dean must agree to this use. Phone/conference calls are not acceptable alternatives.
b. Dissertation Proposal Defense
The Proposal Defense is an oral examination on the research proposal administered by the Research Advisory Committee. At least two weeks prior to the examination, the student must supply the committee members with a formal research proposal in which is detailed: background information, research progress to date (if any), specific objectives, and experimental design of the proposed research. The committee is expected to examine the student on all aspects of the proposed research to determine whether the research plan is sound, and whether the student has the proper motivation, intellectual capacity and curiosity, and has, or can develop, the technical skills necessary to successfully pursue the Ph.D. degree. The student passes if there are at least four affirmative votes. If failed, the student must re-defend the proposal within one year. A second failure will result in cancellation of admission.
The research proposal should be defended within one year of unconditionally passing the oral and the written Comprehensive Examination and at least one year before projected completion of the degree requirements. The MEES Program Director's Office (the central office) must be notified of the pending examination several weeks prior to its administration, and a report of the examination must be filed with the Director's Office following the examination.
At the successful completion of this defense, the student officially applies for Advancement to Candidacy for the Ph.D. degree and should submit the necessary form to the UMES MEES Program office for transmission to the UMES Graduate School. Students must be admitted to candidacy at least six months prior to the Defense of the Dissertation (final oral defense).
Dissertation Seminar and Defense of the Dissertation Research
A candidate for the Ph.D. degree will present a public seminar on the dissertation research during the academic year in which the degree is expected to be awarded. The seminar should, under normal circumstances, be given within five weeks in advance of the day of the oral final examination. The student and the Advisor will be responsible for initiating arrangements through the UMES MEES Office for the date and advertisement of the seminar. The seminar will be open to faculty, students, and other interested parties.
The final oral defense of the dissertation is conducted by a committee of the graduate faculty appointed by the Graduate Dean (this is usually the Research Advisory Committee plus a Graduate Dean's representative). Nominations for membership on this committee are submitted on the designated form to the UMES Graduate School by the student's Advisor. This is done by the third week of the semester in which the student expects to complete all requirements, but no later than two months prior to the defense (see the UMES Graduate School's calendar for Commencement, Fall or Spring semester). The time and place of the examination are established by the chair of the committee. The student is responsible for distributing a complete, final copy of the dissertation to each member of the committee at least two weeks before the examination date. Announcement of the final examination will be made through the UMES MEES Office to all members of the MEES faculty at least two weeks prior to the examination. All final oral examinations are open to all members of the graduate faculty and students, although only members of the examining committee may question the candidate. After the examination, the committee deliberates and votes in private. Two or more negative votes constitute failure. The student may be examined no more than twice.
Following successful completion of the final examination, a final copy of the dissertation must be supplied to the UMES MEES Office, in addition to those required by the UMES Graduate School. **See http://www.mees.umd.edu/progressPhD.html for a complete progress checklist for the doctoral degree. **
The MEES Program provides access to a strong curriculum of interdisciplinary graduate training and research in ecology. Within this Area of Specialization (AOS), numerous scientists throughout the University System of Maryland (USM) are actively involved in teaching and research, with collaboration common between these scientists and those in the other areas of MEES.
Ecology is a broad discipline encompassing terrestrial, aquatic, estuarine and marine environments. Specific areas of study include behavioral, community, evolutionary, marine, benthic, limnological, systematic, and physiological ecology. Variations and/or combinations of one or more of these sub-disciplines are common (e.g. marine benthic community ecology as one area of study, or the evolution of terrestrial communities as another). Students successfully completing this AOS could go on to academic appointments in a variety of departments (e.g. Environmental Sciences, Ecology, Biology, Zoology, Botany, etc.), or work for environmental consulting companies, as well as federal or state government agencies.
Due to the nature of the MEES Program, heavy emphasis is placed on the student's unique research goals in this AOS. As such, core course requirements are kept to a minimum. The remainder of a student's course load is determined by that student and his or her Research Advisory Committee on the basis of the individual's research topic and previous academic experience. The USM has a wide and diverse set of course offerings in ecology and related areas, so it should be possible for students in almost any area of ecology to create a beneficial program of study.
The MEES Program ecology faculty believes that graduate students should be well-trained in the following five important areas:
1) Scientific method and experimental design.
2) Statistical methods and use of computers for statistics, database manipulation, and modeling.
3) Ecological theory and mathematical modeling.
4) Field techniques in ecology.
5) Scientific writing.
A Bachelor's degree with courses equivalent to an undergraduate General Biology degree, including:
1. Two semesters of Calculus
2. Two semesters of Introductory Chemistry
3. Two semesters of Organic Chemistry or Biochemistry
4. Two semesters of Physics
5. Two semesters of Introductory Biology
6. One Ecology course and two other Advanced Biology courses
Core Courses and Other Requirements (M.S. and Ph.D.):
1. Population Biology – including mathematical modeling (600 level, 3-4 cr.)
2. Ecosystem Ecology and/or Community Ecology (600 level, 3-4 cr.)
3. A specialized field or laboratory-based Ecology course is recommended
4. A course from one of the other MEES AOS's (from an approved list)
5. A course in Statistics/Biostatistics (600 level for the Ph.D., 400 level for the M.S.)
6. One graduate level seminar for each year in residence (on average)
7. One course or seminar in Environmental Management, Policy, Ethics or Philosophy of Science, (400 or 600 level,1-4 cr.)
8. Courses in Experimental Design and Analysis and in Scientific Writing are also strongly recommended.
The objective of the Environmental Chemistry Area of Specialization (AOS) is to train research scientists to apply basic chemical principles to the study of the environmental behaviors of natural and anthropogenic chemicals. Environmental chemistry includes interdisciplinary studies which integrate across subjects such as geochemistry, analytical chemistry, transport processes, and toxicology to determine the cycling and impact of chemicals in the natural environment.
As both the Master's and Ph.D. are research-oriented programs, emphasis is placed on learning and applying the scientific method, employing strong quantitative approaches and developing effective scientific writing skills. Students graduating from MEES through this AOS will find professional positions in federal, state and local government agencies (such as EPA, FDA, NIH), private chemical and manufacturing industries, academic institutions, and consulting firms.
A Bachelor's degree in the natural sciences or engineering, including:
2. Two semesters of Physics
3. Two semesters of General Chemistry
4. Two semesters of Biology
5. Two semesters of Organic or other Advanced Chemistry (e.g. Biochemistry).
1. One fundamental and one advanced course in Environmental Chemistry or Geochemistry (one 400-600 level, one 600-700 level 3-4 cr.)
2. One course in Physical Transport Processes (600 level, 3-4 cr.)
3. One course in Aquatic Toxicology or Ecology (600 level, 3-4 cr.)
4. One 400 or 600 level course from one of the other MEES AOSs (from an approved list)
5. One course or seminar in Environmental Management, Policy, Ethics, or Philosophy of Science (a 3-4 cr. Course can satisfy '4' above) (400 or 600 level)
6. A course in Statistics or Applied Mathematics (600 level for the Ph.D., 400 level for the M.S.)
7. One graduate level seminar for each year in residence (on average).
8. One or more courses in Physical Chemistry are strongly encouraged (2-4 cr. each).
9. Courses in Experimental Design and Analysis and in Scientific Writing are also recommended.
Molecular approaches pervade every biological discipline, and each MEES campus has distinguished, energetic faculty that emphasize molecular mechanisms of ecological interactions and dynamics. Expertise includes molecular microbial ecology and physiology; bioremediation; molecular endocrinology of fish growth, development and reproduction; environmental stressors contributing to fish physiological dysfunction and oncogenesis; mechanisms and stressors of nitrogen fixation; molecular models of marine surface colonization; molecular cues of organism to organism interaction, and invertebrate immunity. Faculty in this area frequently study macromolecular environmental interactions using recombinant DNA and hybridoma approaches. The Environmental Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Area of Specialization encourages interaction between campuses, and is synergistic with other AOSs.
Several campuses in the University System of Maryland (USM) have facilities specializing in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, such the Center of Marine Biotechnology of the Maryland Biotechnology Institute, the campuses at Baltimore, Baltimore County and College Park, and facilities underway at UMES.
A Bachelor's degree in the natural sciences or engineering including:
1. Four semesters of Biology including Biochemistry
3. Four semesters of Chemistry
4. Two semester of Calculus
5. Two semester of Molecular Biology or Molecular Genetics
1. One course in Molecular Biology/ Genetics (600 level, 3-4 cr.)
2. One course in Cell Biology/Physiology (600 level, 3-4 cr.)
3. One course in Ecology (400 or 600 level, 3-4 cr.)
4. One course in Advanced Chemistry or Biochemistry (400 or 600 level, 2-4 cr.)
5. One elective 400 or 600 level course
6. One course or seminar in Environmental Management, Policy, Ethics or Philosophy of Science (a 2-4 cr. course can satisfy '5.' above) (400 or 600 level)
7. A course in Statistics/Biostatistics (600 level for the Ph.D., 400 level for the M.S.)
8. One graduate level seminar for each year in residence (on average)
9. Courses in Experimental Design and Analysis and in Scientific Writing are also recommended
Note: For the M.S. degree, only three of the first four requirements must be fulfilled (Nos. 5 through 8 are required for all students).
This Area of Specialization provides broad training in the environmental sciences. Some students do not want to specialize to the extent the other Areas of Specialization require, but would like to gain experience and take courses in a variety of scientific, economic, and social disciplines related to the natural environment. These requirements are also very appropriate for students wishing to specialize in environmental management.
The relevant graduate training will provide advanced courses in five distribution areas:
1. Biology - Courses in the biological sciences in which the emphasis is on ecology, especially at the population, community, and ecosystem levels.
2. Chemistry - Courses in chemistry as applied to organisms or to the environment, with an emphasis on pollution or environmental toxicology courses.
3. Physical Sciences and Technology - Courses dealing with the physical world or with the application of physical principles or technology to biological or environmental problems.
4. Management, Economics, and Policy - Courses dealing with the interaction of economic, legal, political, and/or social institutions with the biological, chemical or physical environment.
An undergraduate degree in the natural sciences or engineering, including:
3. Two semesters of Physics
4. Two semesters of Introductory Biology (or high placement test, high GRE Biology scores)
5. Ecology and other advanced Environmental Science courses are recommended
1. One approved course from three of the four distribution areas (biology, chemistry, physical science or management) for M.S. students, and from each of the four distribution areas for Ph.D. students. One of these courses can be at the 400 level, the others will be at the 600 level or above
2. A course in Statistics/Biostatistics (600 level for the Ph.D., 400 level for the M.S.)
3. One graduate level seminar for each year in residence (on average)
4. One or more courses in computer science or computer applications are strongly recommended
5. Courses in Experimental Design and Analysis and in Scientific Writing are also recommended
Fisheries Science is multidisciplinary, drawing expertise from the biological, physical and social sciences. Fisheries scientists study populations and communities of aquatic resources, their responses to exploitation and changes in environmental conditions, and their management. Research is quantitative and may be either basic or applied. A diversity of faculty talent exists within the USM to provide graduate students with a strong education in ecology, biology and management of fish and invertebrate resources.The multidisciplinary nature of fisheries science requires broad training in areas that may include ecology, oceanography, aquaculture, economics, mathematics, seafood technology, pathology and diseases, and management science. Students will select a curriculum, with assistance from their Research Advisory committees, to best achieve their academic and professional goals. The faculty recognizes that flexible, yet rigorous, curriculum choices are important for students in fisheries science.The program in fisheries offers both M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. Graduates at either level may expect to find challenging career opportunities. Most career opportunities in fisheries science are in the government and academic sectors, although in recent years private businesses, research firms and aquaculture businesses offer increasingly diverse career choices.
A Bachelor's degree in the natural sciences or other field with a strong quantitative emphasis, including:
3. Two semesters of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, or Physics
4. Two semesters of Introductory Biology (or high placement test, high GRE Biology scores).
5. Advanced Biology courses, such as Ecology and Ichthyology, are recommended.
Core components will be offered and at least three different core area courses must be completed by all students in the Fisheries Science AOS. The requirements may be waived if equivalent course work has been obtained elsewhere, and if the student and his or her Research Advisory committee successfully petition the AOS Committee.
1. Fisheries Science and Management – covers the basic principles of aquatic productivity, fish / invertebrate population biology, harvest and conservation of resources, assessing yield potentials, and fishery management practices.
2. Fisheries Ecology - covers the biological processes that affect the productivity, abundances, and distributions of fish and invertebrate resources. Includes life history theory, predator-prey relationships, bioenergetics, trophic ecology, and zoogeography.
3. Aquaculture - covers the theory and practices of modern aquaculture of fishes and invertebrates. Includes coverage on water quality, production systems, extensive and intensive approaches, culture genetics, and fish diseases and management.
4. Quantitative Fisheries Science – covers the basic principles of population dynamics
5. Graduate Level Course in Oceanography (physical, chemical or biological) or Limnology – covers major and minor elements, composition of seawater, seawater ionic structure and interactions, nutrient distributions, biogeochemical cycles and the biology of marine organisms.
Students will obtain most of their academic course work from a broad array of relevant courses presently available throughout the University System of Maryland. Each student and his or her Research Advisory Committee will design a course of study to be approved by the Fisheries AOS. Curricular requirements are purposely flexible, yet rigorous, to accommodate the diverse needs of students in fisheries science.
In addition, the following core courses are required:
6. One 400 or 600 level course from one of the other MEES AOSs (from an approved list)
7. One course or seminar in Environmental Management, Policy, Ethics or Philosophy of Science (item 1 may satisfy this requirement; any such 3-4 credit course can satisfy item 6)
8. One course in Statistics/Biostatistics (600 level for the Ph.D., 400 level for the M.S.)
9. One graduate level seminar for each year in residence (on average).
10. Course in Experimental Design and Analysis and in Scientific Writing are strongly recommended
In the past decade, the University System of Maryland (USM) has emerged as a nationally and internationally recognized center for oceanographic research. Laboratories of the USM Center for Environmental Studies and at the College Park campus have been most active in this field. The current expertise in oceanography in the USM lies in the subfields of Biological and Physical Oceanography and the cross disciplinary studies of Marine biogeochemistry.
The expertise in biological oceanography includes water column nutrient cycling and trophic dynamics (comprising the entire pelagic food web and fishes) benthic ecology, and theoretical ecosystem analysis. The expertise in physical oceanography is in large scale flows and global circulation problems, estuarine and coastal circulations, mixing, transport and numerical modeling. Physical and biological oceanographers work closely together to understand the dynamics of estuarine, coastal, and ocean systems. It should be noted that there is also considerable strength in marine chemistry in the USM; some courses are available in the MEES Oceanography track, but the MEES track in Environmental Chemistry currently has a more diverse listing and greater program strength in this area.
Students in this AOS have access to extensive oceanographic facilities throughout the USM as well as the opportunity to work with some of the University's outstanding faculty in oceanography with global scale programs. Fundamental courses in the four major subfields of oceanography are required to provide interdisciplinary breadth, but a degree in the Oceanography AOS emphasizes the student's independent research. Students graduating from the Oceanography AOS can expect to find jobs in universities, oceanographic laboratories, government agencies, and consulting firms.
Physical Oceanography
A bachelor's degree in a physical science, including:
3. One or two additional advanced mathematics courses
4. One or two additional advanced physical science courses
5. Two semesters of Introductory Biology and/or Chemistry are highly recommended.
1. One 3-credit course in Physical Oceanography (MEES 661 or equivalent)
2. One 3-Credit course in Biological Oceanography (MEES 621 or equivalent)
3. One 3-credit course in Chemical Oceanography (CHEM 723 or equivalent)
4. Two 3-credit courses in Oceanography or related fields (400 or 600 level) including:
a. One course in rotating fluid dynamics
b. One course in non rotating fluid dynamics
6. One course or seminar in Environmental Management, Ethics or Philosophy of Science
7. One graduate level seminar for each year in residence (on average)
8. Courses in Experimental Design and Analysis and in Scientific Writing are also recommended.
Biological Oceanography
A Bachelor's degree equivalent to the University of Maryland College Park undergraduate Biology degree, including:
1. Two semesters of Calculus
a. A recommended additional interdisciplinary course although MEES 661 can satisfy the MEES requirement for interdisciplinary breadth
(Note: Credit hours given in parentheses.)
BIOL 600 Marine & Estuarine Ecology (4) Discussion topics include marine environment, adaptations of populations, structure of marine ecosystems, dispersion of marine organisms, migration, nutrition cycles, productivity and catches of fish, food chains and models of the sea. Prerequisite: An introductory Biology, Botany or Zoology course and a course in Ecology.
BIOL 601 Environmental Microbiology (4) Topics include microbial ecology of plants and animals, aquatic microbial ecology (including medical implications), soil microbial ecology, biodegradation, microbial insecticides, gastrointestinal microbiology, microbiology of foods and management of environmental problems. Each student will be required to complete an independent research project. Prerequisite: General Microbiology
BIOL 621 Environmental Endocrinology (3) Topics include impact of environmental factors on endocrine and neuroendocrine systems in various animal species; hormonal and adjustments to environmental stress; and review of pertinent scientific literature. Prerequisite: One year of Biology and one semester of Biochemistry.
BIOL 633 Adaptations to the Marine Environment (3)Topics include physiological adaptation, perception of the environment, feeding and energy budgets, gases and respiration, circulation, reproduction and development. An independent research project is required. Prerequisite: One year of college Biology and one year of college Chemistry or permission of the instructor.
BIOL 661 Community Ecology(4)This course is an in-depth study of the biology of communities with emphasis on factors that regulate abundance, diversity and stability of communities. Current theories on community dynamics will be combined with field experiences and detailed analyses of selected field projects.
BIOL 662 Population Ecology(4)The course is an in-depth study of the biology of populations with emphasis on population structure, factors that regulate populations, and the effect of individual behavior on population characteristics. Field studies and computer simulations will explore selected areas of study.
BIOL 681/ENVS 681 Ichthyology (3) The course covers the diversity, biogeography, and ecology of fishes and provides an understanding of the basic biology and ecology of fish through lectures. Lectures survey major fish groups that are distributed world-wide, but with emphasis on fishes of Maryland. This course must be taken concurrently with BIOL 683/ENVS 683 which is a laboratory course part of the course. Field collection trips are routine for the course. Prerequisites: BIOL 111/111H; BIOL 112/112H; BIOL 201; or permission of instructor. Co-requisite: ENVS 683 / BIOL 683
BIOL 683/ENVS 683 Ichthyology Laboratory(1)This laboratory course covers field collections, processing of fishes, as well as anatomy, osteology, and taxonomy of fishes. Field collection trips are routine for the course. Students will be expected to take some leadership roles in the field and organize some field activities. This course is open to seniors and graduate students. It must be taken with BIOL 681/ENVS 681 which is a companion lecture course. Prerequisites: permission of instructor. Co-requisite: BIOL 681/ENVS 681
BIOL 688F Fish Physiology(1-4)The course is an overview of fish physiology which fishery biologists and others can supplement with readings in current texts, reviews and research articles. Applicable points of general and comparative physiology are included. Summaries of important anatomic considerations are included where relevant, but the course is primarily for those who have already completed courses in general physiology, chemistry, biochemistry and fish anatomy. It is an IVN offered course.
CHEM 621 Advanced Environmental Chemistry(4)The origin, transport and effects of atmospheric and aquatic pollutants are studied, with emphasis on energy-related pollutants including coal, oil and synfuels. Prerequisites: One year of General Chemistry, one semester of Organic Chemistry and one semester of Analytical Chemistry or permission of the instructor.
CHEM 632 Applied Water Chemistry(3)The course studies the chemistry of both municipal and industrial water treatment processing. Topics include water softening, stabilization, chemical destabilization of colloidal materials, ion exchange, disinfection, chemical oxidation and oxygenation reactions. Prerequisites: B.Sc. in Biology, Chemistry or Environmental Science. One year of undergraduate courses in Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science. Permission of instructor required.
CHEM 670 Advanced Biochemistry(3)The course covers the classification, chemistry and metabolism of protein, amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Prerequisite: One semester of Biochemistry.
CSDP 604 Computer Methods in Statistics (3)The course is an introduction to principles and applications of probability and statistics needed in graduate studies in various academic areas and to computer realization of these methods. The course begins with a brief intensive review of basic statistical principles. Prerequisite: One semester of calculus.
ENVS 428W/628W Restoration Ecology (3)The purpose of this course is to teach students about mitigation and remediation of altered or deteriorating landscapes. Restoration ecology is concerned with the effect and control of invasive species, restoring and protecting endangered species or natural habitats, which include streams, lakes, wetlands, salt marshes, salt water reefs, and forests. This is a graduate, online course offered through WEB-CT and requires written reports and discussion in an online chat room. Graduate students will be required to generate a proposal for hypothetical restoration research, develop a presentation, and present both online through WEB-CT. The proposal pitches will be evaluated by other students in the course and hypothetical funds will be partitioned out to successful pitches. While this course requires no co-requisite, it is strongly encouraged that graduate students co-enroll in the lab component of this course, ENVS 630. Prerequisites: BIOL 402; or permission of instructor. Co-requisite: none.
ENVS 430/ 630 Restoration Ecology (1)The purpose of this course is to train students to identify plants, fish, birds, mammals, herpetofauna of sites currently undergoing restoration, as well as measure water quality. Students will be responsible for leading teams of undergraduate students who will survey three restoration sites. Students will oversee data entry and be responsible for compliance with quality assurance/quality control procedures adopted by federal agencies. It is a 3 hour/week laboratory and a lab fee of $25.00 applies. This is the companion course to ENVS 428W/628W. Prerequisites: BIOL 402; or permission of instructor. Co-requisite: ENVS 428W/628W.
ENVS 437/637 Environmental Soil Chemistry(3)The course extends the concepts of chemistry and physics to the physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics of soil/water systems and their implications for managing contaminants, pesticides and agricultural inputs. Prerequisites: Senior standing or Graduate status. Co-Requisite: ENVS 438/638
ENVS 438/638 Environmental Soil Chemistry Laboratory(2)This is a companion laboratory to ENVS 437/637. The course studies determination of soil properties such as salinity, pH and redox potential, organic matter content, surface area, carbonates and lime requirements, including quality assurance and GIS-based chemical data acquisition.
ENVS 488/688 Coastal Ecology(3)This course provides an overview of ecological principles as they apply to coastal and estuarine environments. The major coastal ecosystems will be discussed and emphasis will be placed on sandy and rocky coasts, marshes, subtidal environments, coastal shelf systems and upwelling, sea grass beds, coral reefs and the rocky intertidal. The effects of detritus, primary and secondary biomass production, plankton, nekton, benthos, and fish stock production will be explored and related to physical processes of the coast. Graduate student credit will require the in-depth research of a topic relevant to coastal ecology and selected in consultation with the instructor. Once approved, the graduate student must research the topic, write a referenced report, and make an oral presentation to the class. Prerequisite: ENVS 201 General Oceanography; BIOL 201 Marine Zoology, or permission of the instructor.
ENVS 603 Marine Ecotoxicology (3)This course cuts across traditional subject boundaries by integrating different disciplines such as chemistry and biochemistry through ecology and statistics. It provides students with a distinct approach for solving marine environmental pollution issues stemming from stable pollutants and how they interact with biotic and abiotic components of the marine ecosystem. Course pre-requisites are: CHEM 112, CHEM 211, BIOL 112, MATH 210 and co-requisite ENVS 605.
ENVS 605 Marine Ecotoxicology Laboratory (1)This course is comprised of two hours of laboratory per week and is designed to accompany ENVS 603. The course will provide hands-on research training to students in Marine Ecotoxicology. Students will learn among other things wet chemistry, instrumental analysis, environmental data analysis and environmental modeling. Course pre-requisites are: CHEM 112, CHEM 211, BIOL 112, MATH 210 and Co-requisite ENVS 603. The laboratory fee associated with this course is $25.00
ENVS 611Water Pollution(4)Biological, chemical and physical impurities in water with emphasis on agricultural, industrial and municipal waste pollution including acid mine drainage, detergents and eutrophication, thermal pollution, oil spills and other non-point source pollution will be studied. Further study will include the physical and biochemical processes for wastewater treatment, sludge handling and disposal and land disposal of wastewaters. Prerequisites: B.Sc. in Biology, Chemistry or Environmental Science. One year of undergraduate courses in Water Pollution and Environmental Science.
ENVS 622 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management(3)The course introduces fundamentals of solid and hazardous waste management that includes their source, characterization, collection, transportation, storage and final disposal. It also deals with resource recovery and utilization, risk assessment, biological, physical and chemical waste treatment methods/technologies and various waste legislation and implementation. The course includes field trips to landfills, recycling facilities and waste-to-energy facilities. A project paper and oral presentation are required. Prerequisite: Graduate standing in Science or Engineering.
ENVS 634 Air Pollution and Control(4)Classification of atmospheric pollutants and their effects on visibility, inanimate and animate receptors will be discussed. Evaluation of source emissions and principles of air pollution control, e.g., meteorological factors governing the distribution and removal of air pollutants, air quality measurements and air pollution control legislation will also be studied. Prerequisites: B.Sc. in Biology, Chemistry or Environmental Science. One year of undergraduate courses in Air Pollution and Environmental Science.
ENVS 639 Sources and Effects of Pollutants(3)The course is a study of the sources, fate and effects of various toxic pollutants on man and the environment with emphasis on aquatic and atmospheric pollutants. Prerequisites: B.Sc. in Biology, Chemistry or Environmental Science with some background in environmental pollution or consent of the instructor.
ENVS 641 Environmental Toxicology(3)Organisms in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere and the effects of foreign chemical and other stress on their health and well-being will be discussed. Prerequisites: B.Sc. in Biology, Chemistry or Environmental Science with some background in environmental pollution or consent of the instructor.
ENVS 660 Earth Science(4)This is an interdisciplinary course designed to show how geology, meteorology, physical geography, soil science, astronomy and oceanography are interrelated in the study of earth and its environment in space. Prerequisites: One year of Chemistry and one year of Physics.
ENVS 684 Natural ResourceManagement(3)Topics include discussion of the availability, use, abuse, depletion and pollution of various natural resources humans need for their survival. The cost-benefit analyses and systems management concepts for natural resource conservation enabling us to save the 'earth' for future generations will be addressed.
Prerequisites: B.S. in Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science or Agricultural Sciences or consent of the instructor.
PHYS 621Physical Principals of Environmental Instrumentation(3)The course is a discussion of advanced physical concepts and their applications in instrumentation used in contemporary research. Construction details and the computer interfacing of selected instruments will also be discussed. Prerequisites: One year of Physics and one year of Calculus.
MEES 608 MEES Seminar(1)
This is repeatable credit with different topics.
MEES 610 Experimental Design Seminar(1)
The course is an exploration of research issues in experimental design. Seminar format includes student presentations and literature searches. Prerequisite: course in basic statistics or permission of instructor.
MEES 698 Special Topics in MEES (1-3)
MEES 699 Special Problems in MEES(1-3)
Special problems in areas related to the natural sciences, agriculture and nutrition are explored.
MEES 799 Master Thesis Research (1-6)
This is repeatable credit.
MEES 899Doctoral Dissertation Research(1-12)
The following undergraduate courses are available for MEES graduate students to take. No more than 12 credits of 400 level courses may be used towards the minimum 24 credits of course work required of master's students.
BIOL 402 Ecology
BIOL 404 Conservation Biology
BIOL 420 Animal Histology
BIOL 431 Mammalogy
BIOL 432 Herpetology
BIOL 436 General Endocrinology
BIOL 440 Plant Physiology
BIOL 441 Comparative Physiology
BIOL 461 Invertebrate Zoology
CHEM 401 Principles of Physical
Chemistry I
CHEM 402 Principles of Physical
Chemistry II
ENVS 411 Water Pollution &
ENVS 434 Air Pollution
MATH 410 Mathematical Statistics
Graduate statistics options include AGSC 605 Statistics in Agricultural Research and CSDP 604 Computer Methods in Statistics. Variable credit MEES 688 experimental courses may be offered periodically with specialty topics of various faculty members. ***See http://www.mees.umd.edu/courses-mees.html for other MEES courses offered over the Interactive Video Network (IVN).
Excellent research laboratories exist on campus in the G. W. Carver Science Hall. Research laboratories are also located in Trigg Hall and on the campus farm (Department of Agriculture). For a listing of the laboratories and major equipment and the UMES MEES faculty, see the website:
www.umes.edu/sciences/mees/mees.html. UMES is uniquely situated for studying marine and estuarine habitats. Students have access to the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, as well as rivers, ponds and marshes.
UMES faculty have received funding for research from a number of federal and state agencies and private organizations, including the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Agriculture, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U. S. Department of the Interior, Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. Forest Service, Agency for International Development and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.
UMES offers a combined B.S./M.S. degree program in the Environmental Sciences area (Environmental Chemistry or Marine Science option). This is an accelerated program designed to enable students to obtain both the B.S. degree and the M.S. degree in five years. The curricula for the two degrees are administered under the auspices of the undergraduate Environmental Science Program and the graduate MEES program. The combined degree program offers an option or track in either Environmental Chemistry or Marine Science.This is an undergraduate admission into the B.S. degree program in Environmental Science, which allows for subsequent application for admission to the MEES graduate program in pursuit of the M.S. degree in Marine- Estuarine-Environmental Sciences.
Full time master's students will be limited to four years in which to graduate.
Full time doctoral students will be limited to seven years in which to graduate. Students must be advanced to candidacy, i.e., taken and passed the written and oral comprehensive examination and the dissertation proposal defense, within six semesters after initial enrollment.Part time doctoral and master's MEES students will follow the Graduate School's time limits for master's degrees (5 years) and doctoral degrees (5 + 4). An extension of these time limits may be granted upon request of the student's research advisory committee, and with the approval of the MEES Program Director and the UMES Graduate Dean.
For further information on the MEES program, please contact:
UPCOMING DEFENSES:"Exploring the Disease System of Hematodinium perezi in the Maryland and Virginia Coastal Bays"The dissertation defense of Kristen LycettDoctoral
student at University of Maryland Eastern ShoreMEESThursday,June 29th at 1:00pmThe defense will be held at the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology(MPR) and will also Be available over IVNBridge # 800840Carver
Hall Conference Room.
Nominate yourself as an HBCU ALL-STAR!
2017 Application deadline is May 12, 2017
Click here for more information. Photo Galleries
2017 8th Annual Regional Research Symposium
2017 International Graduate Association's Men's Bowling Night
Available here


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- Join Date
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2000 model Matthews MQ 32 LIke New for sale
Have a Matthews MQ 32 for sale very short and light in weight. My dad bought it for me when i was 15 and it stayed in the bow case for the first 3 or 4 maybe even 5 years i had it... and i just recently started bow hunting. used for first time ever in 2003 approx 4 times. none in 2004 . approx 15 times in 2005 and in 2006 it was used all year. excellent condition and very good bow, i'm just interested in checking out the switchback XT or new Drenaline.
If interested and want to make me an offer, please email me at firstname.lastname@example.com and i will be glad to send you some pics
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subset: commoncrawl


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Historic Resource Inventory Map
Historic Resource Inventory (HRI)
This map shows properties in the Portland area that were surveyed as part of the 1984 Historic Resource Inventory (HRI). Many of the mapped properties have been designated as historic landmarks and/or are included in historic districts. Those designations are not shown here. The HRI data is being tested in this format, and the original inventory records have been abbreviated. More complete data on each property is available on this website. Note there may be some inconsistencies between the digital files and the original inventory records. This data is therefore provided "as-is."
|1890 or earlier
|1891 to 1915
|1916 to 1940
|1941 or later


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What: The Women by Clare Boothe Luce Where: Irene Bisgrove Theater at Cayuga Community College When: Friday, February 22 at 8pm, Saturday, February 23 at 8pm
and Sunday, February 24 at 2pm
Glamorous 1930s New York City comes to life on the Auburn Players stage when The Women opens at 8 p.m. on Friday, February 22, 2013. Written by noted feminist and former Vanity Fair editor Clare Boothe Luce, this screwball comedy follows the scandalous life of Mary Haines as she journeys from an innocent stockbroker's wife to an enlightened single woman. The Women plays at the Irene Bisgrove Theater at Cayuga Community College on February 22 – 24, 2013. Mary Haines' seemingly perfect world is ripped apart when she discovers her husband is having an affair with an ambitious shop girl. Thanks to the gossip and scheming of her not-so-best friends, news of Mary's troubles soon spreads to all of Park Avenue. Despite her mother's advice to ignore the affair and continue on with her wealthy lifestyle, Mary makes the bold move of abandoning her glamorous NYC life to get a Reno divorce. Ultimately, the claws come out as these women prepare to battle for their men.


text:
Group seeks to improve Livermore Falls area
By DAN SEUFERT
Union Leader Correspondent | March 19. 2014 6:04PM
"It's an amazing site. To me it's as nice as anything in Franconia Notch or the Flume," said Thaddeus Guldbrandsen, PSU's vice provost for research and engagement.
The falls area, which is located within the towns of Plymouth, Campton and Holderness, is owned by the state. It is a popular area for swimming and sightseeing, and above the falls area is the historically important "Pumpkin Seed" bridge, the remains of a bridge erected in 1886 that was closed in 1959.
In their report, the students recommended a new footbridge, repairing some of the broken fences protecting dangerous areas of the falls area, organized cleanup of the area and improved signage.
The campaign is called "Let's Make More out of Livermore" as Rotarians are suggesting that the area be made into a state park.
* e-Edition subscription required


text: Anyone know of an actual manufacturer of these dies??? I know that I can purchase one from Mississippi Arms, or Carolina Shooter, but I'm looking for who they get them from. I've googled it by size, and pretty much only come up with those 2 vendors. I usually deal with Victor Machinery, but they claim that they don't carry anything that fine in a 22 mm. TIA,


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|Topic Review (Newest First)
heavy weather????
Consider if you will, San Francisco bay. The norm for a day on the bay are 18-25, and if it''s 10 mph more in "the slot" That said, the wave height isn''t all that great, but the current is awsome, only to be outdone by the inland passage. We sailed a 30'' Bristol an 30-35''s with a jib and reefed main, but sail our 36 ft magellan in 5-7 ft seas with a full load [on the sea trial we sailed her with main, mizzen and 150 in 25 mph, and didn''t put her gunnels in the water. {that said she is a heavy full keel blue water boat} Thus, it''s truly the captain''s experience, and knowledge and the state of equipment that make the difference. By the way. we took the 150 off the Magellan, and she trucks along in low 20''s at a respectable hull speed of almost 8 kts, and on her feet. with out all that weather helm that wears one out.
The secret, as taught by my sailing mentor,.."REEF EARLY".
heavy weather????
I take an additional precaution: I try not to be worth more to my wife dead than alive.
(strictly tongue-in-cheek folks - it''s Friday)
heavy weather????
I agree 100%. Wear life jackets all the time. Experienced sailors know that you really never know when you are going overboard, it is really that simple. I now wear an inflatable with harness even though I only clip on when it gets nasty.
heavy weather????
Here''s something that should remind everyone to remember basic safety rules.
A fisherman died last Sunday morning in Great South Bay, NY when a wave knocked him off his boat into 10 feet of 52 degree water about 2000 feet from shore. Wind was reportedly up to 28 mph. His friend on board was able to grab him but unable to get him onto the boat. They didn''t have life jackets. They did have a handheld VHF, and issued a distress call. The coast guard was 12 miles away and launched a rigid hulled inflatable within 2 minutes of the call and made it there in 22 minutes, but they were unable to save the man''s life.
An odd twist to this tale is that the local paper carried a front page story two days later criticizing the Suffolk Marine police for not responding faster. The Suffolk Marine base was just 4.6 miles away, but only one officer was on duty at the time of the call, 8am. They have 38-foot boats with an opening in the transom that makes it easy to bring people out of the water, but the boat ideally needs a crew of 3. When a second officer came in near 9, they went out anyway, but it took them 33 minutes to go the 4.6 miles to the scene.(The 1am-9am shift has more officers for the summer season, beginning 2 weeks before Memorial Day.)
I thought the newspaper''s slam against the marine police was odd because both fishermen were experienced boaters, and still chose to go out in stormy conditions without life jackets. Sometimes the result of foolish behavior is the ultimate penalty. It was just a few years ago that Eric Tabarly, a world famous sailor who never wore a lifejacket, was washed overboard and drowned.
With automatically inflating suspender style lifejackets, there''s no excuse for going without one. We have to be able to save ourselves on the water--even the fastest response by rescuers can be too late. And sometimes just the shock of falling into cold water can kill.
Let''s be careful out there! A harness and lifejacket are essential in rough conditions--which can also spring up just from a passing boat''s wake.
heavy weather????
It does depend on the boat and on the sailor. Small craft advisories do usually apply to those less than 60 feet, however you have to know your boat and what you can do. You also have to think about what you will be doing once you get offshore. And why you would be going offshore in heavy weather.
Heavy weather is what your boat can take and what you can stand. I did deliveries of new hulls for many years. The idea of only stepping up into the liferaft makes sense. I have been in a 31 footer that made it thru a cell with over 40 foot waves. And I have been in a 45 footer that made it thru 40 foot waves with much less control and more work (for days and days). And a 40 footer with at least 50 foot swells. Depends on you, depends on your crew, depends on your boat.
The important thing is, if you have any question, stay home. Once you get 200 miles offshore, you have no say in the matter. Or, my favorite thought, "What are we gonna do, pull over for the night?". If you don''t have to be out in it, why do it? Don''t risk the life of yourself and the crew. On the other hand, sometimes the hurricane takes a wild turn, or you get hit by a cell, or you wake up to find yourself surrounded by waterspouts. Unless you have a need to be somewhere, don''t go there. And, needless to say, always file a float plan if going coastal. Noone knows where to look unless they know where you should be!! So important.
If you are thinking about venturing out, invest in an EPIRB. They make ones now that have a GPS receiver/sender in them. They even have VHFs that can send your position should you have to send a mayday. Actually, all vhfs are to have a DSC system in them, but if you have no GPS unit attached, it takes a lot longer because not all the Coast Guard bases have the capability yet.
Good luck and fair winds,
heavy weather????
I agree that what constitutes "dangerous conditions", at its lower limits anyway, depends an awful lot on the boat and skill and experience of the sailor. Most sailors on Lake Michigan consider 20 to 22 knots and 5 to 6 foot waves as to rough to go sailing even in a keel boat (of course this is absolutely not true), I think because these conditions make most sailors on the lake aprehensive and sailling would therefore not be any fun. I on the other hand, in July and August, have alot of fun in these conditions. I simply put in a double reef and go sailing.
Here is a true story. I decided to leave Mackinac City so as to get west to Grays reef before the wind picked up to the forecast 25 knots and then head South to Charlevoix. The boat is a Freedom 21 with no jib and the winds were light North going heavy North to 25. I power sailed with a full main and about 5 miles from Grays Reef I put in a double reef. I got to the turn at 10 AM , put up the chute and headed for Charlevoix (well almost as there is a little island I had to miss on the way). The wind picked up pretty good and the boat was zooming along. I admit that there were a few gusts which kind of got my adrenalin pumping but I enjoy the rush. Approaching the channel to the bridge I noticed a Coast Guard inflatable boat bouncing badly in the waves before going back in. The waves here were extemely steep 6 footers. We dropped the chute, headed up, dropped the main and in we went. Now here is the interesting point: the Harbor Master asked where we had come from and I said Mackinac City. His reply was "no way, the coast guard just came back in and said it was to rough out there". Was it to rough? I don''t think so.
heavy weather????
Not to sound too obvious about it, but in my book "Dangerous Conditions" are pretty much anything beyond my comfort and skill level.
The first time my wife and I took our C&C 37 offshore (to Cuttyhunk Island, in MA), the day after we arrived to us it seemed "Dangerous". Blowing 20-25, 3-5'' seas. Later in the day, the wind died off a bit and we headed out to Martha''s Vineyard. Had we left in the morning as planned we would have had an uncomfortable, nerve wracking trip. The boat would have been fine, I suspect the crew would have been frazzled and prone to poor judgement.
Now, I know the boat (our former boat) can take those conditions and then some. Since that trip I''ve raced in worse than that, and made a passage in worse conditions too. So now, I''d think nothing of taking the new boat out in what a couple of years ago really gave us pause.
When taking the courses for an ASA Bareboat certification, at one point you are asked "What are the safe conditions for boating in your area?" Obviously there are no concrete right or wrong answers, since conditions everywhere vary widely. The RIGHT answer to that question was the worst conditions that you, as the skipper, felt comfortable handling your boat in, no matter what they were.
If you look at the post-mortems on Fastnet 79 & Syd-Hob 98, you''ll see that most (not all) boats took an incredible amount of wind and weather and pulled through. Many that were abandoned came through fine.
Knowing intellectually that sister ships of my new boat have completed the Sydney-Hobart does in no way make me willing to go out in 50 knots of wind...definitely outside of my comfort zone. Even though I know the boat could take it, it doesn''t mean I won''t screw it up.
heavy weather????
Royce''s Illustrated Sailing has a good section on this. Somewhere else I read that a broaching wave is about 40% the length of a modern displacement hull boat.
The power of the wind against hull and sail area is a squared-function (ie double the wind velocity = 4 x the power) So serious reduction of sail area, leaving only steerage, would help alot. Also, close reaching in winds at Force 6 is next to impossible in most recreational boats. I personally think of Force 7 as heavy weather but then I''m a wuss at this. That''s 28-33 knots. Get off the water if you can, or heave-to if you can''t.
heavy weather????
I''ve heard that small craft advisories apply to vessels under 60''... More to the point, as mentioned above, in handling rough weather a lot depends upon your experience, your boat''s design, the condition both you and your boat are in, and what you''re trying to do. Kelts are generally pretty solid little cruisers, perhaps since I believe they originate from the English Channel coast of France where 20 knots of breeze can be a pretty standard item. Reaching or running in that (or more) could be a piece of cake- or result in a surprise jybe and losing the rig if you''re not on top of things. Beating into it could tire you out quickly and result in making some dangerous mistakes, as well as possible gear failures. It''s all a question of what you and your boat are ready for, and it simply takes practice and experience to know.
heavy weather????
What constitutes a "small craft" is deliberately ambiguous.
In the sea states associated with an ocean gale, a 25-foot sailboat is definitely a "small craft." In Long Island Sound, where 3-4 foot waves and/or winds in excess of 20 knots will rightfully generate a small craft advisory, I suppose it isn''t.
I read somewhere that any boat is extremely difficult to capsize in seas that are smaller than its beam, righting moments notwithstanding.
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Okay- I have never made a prop or cast anything or made a mold - nada LOL
I want to make a Lekku Headpiece for Aayla Secura - complete with the leather headpiece and ears (ill just paint these to look like leather etc)
I completely dont understand how to make a mold or what out of LOL. If i get a mannquin head and sculpt it on that will it fit on my head when its finnished? What do i sculpt the original out of? I understand there is some differance in the sizes of latex items from the cast to when its cured etc? It is foam latex i need to cast it with? Uuuh im so prop thick!!! Help!
If there are any books or guides or if anyone can help me with a dummies guide to casting id really appreciate it cause i have no idea where to start LOL


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Eight sophomores, all of whom officially become four years old on January 1, were entered in the 1 1/8th mile race, and all but two will be seeking their first victory in a graded stakes.
"It's the last big three-year-old race around here and we'd like to run him in it," said Barclay Tagg, who trains the New York-bred son of Hook and Ladder. "He's been doing real well and let's say we're cautiously optimistic."
While Big Truck and Ready Set, trained by Michael Matz, have knocked heads with some of the higher-profile three-year-olds – Big Truck went on to run in the Kentucky Derby, finishing 18th behind Big Brown, and Ready Set will be making his fifth straight graded stakes start – their rivals will be looking to step it up in a big way Saturday.
Trainer Kiaran McLaughlin is hoping Gilman Hallenbeck's Lieutenant Ron will fulfill the promise he's been showing and establish himself as an older horse to be reckoned with next year. Winner of his first two starts, one last fall and the next in April, the son of Graeme Hall then came off a five-month layoff after injuring his foot to finish third as the prohibitive favorite in an allowance at Belmont on September 14. Three weeks later, he ran off to an 8 ¾-length win in the slop on October 5 going seven furlongs.
"He might be one of the most talented horses I've ever trained," said McLaughlin of the West Point Thoroughbreds' color-bearer, who will be making his first start around two turns. "We think he wants to go longer."
Likewise, owner-trainer John Kimmel is anticipating a breakthrough for Premium Gold, a huge (17 hands tall) chestnut son of Mineshaft who scored an eye-catching four-length victory at Saratoga on September 1, then ran a disappointing fifth behind Atoned and Ready Set in the Grade 3 Pegasus at the Meadowlands on October 24.
"I'm hoping we discover a nice horse for the future," said Kimmel. "He's what you would expect out of a Mineshaft – he'll be better as a four-year-old than he is as a three-year-old, and he's right at the cusp of showing me that. In his last race, the jockey was unfamiliar with him and he didn't get his energy out in a nice, progressive fashion.
" Mig [jockey Richard Migliore] has been working him the last six weeks and he's been impressive in his morning trials," added Kimmel. "He has a lot of confidence in him and I am expecting he will take it up a notch."
Another New York-bred, That'srightofficer, will be making his first graded stakes start after three straight runner-up finishes in the Albany, an overnight stakes, and the Empire Classic, in which he closed from 10th to finish a length and a half behind Stud Muffin.
"Two things have to go right for him – pace, and staying out of traffic," said Richard Schosberg, who trains the son of Officer for Clear Stars Stable. "The distance suits him properly, but it's a quality field, probably the best he's faced all year. He's always running late, which is a good thing."
Wishful Tomcat, a state-bred who has won three of his four starts this year for Winter Park Partners and trainer Gary Contessa; the Mark Hennig-trained Coach Shaw, second to Premium Gold in a maiden race at Monmouth in July and a winner of two of his last four starts for Willmott Stables, and Richard Brand's Web Gem, seeking his first win of the year for Hall of Fame trainer Nick Zito, round out the field.
The field for the Grade 3, $100,000-added Discovery Handicap:
PP Horse Wgt. Jockey Trainer
1 Wishful Tomcat 114 Ramon A. Dominguez Gary Contessa
2 Web Gem 114 Rajiv Maragh Nick Zito
3 That'srightofficer 115 Edgar S. Prado Rick Schosberg
4 Ready Set 118 Jose Lezcano Michael Matz
5 Big Truck 116 Eibar Coa Barclay Tagg
6 Coach Shaw 113 Joe Bravo Mark Hennig
7 Premium Gold 114 Richard Migliore John Kimmel
8 Lieutenant Ron 116 Alan Garcia Kiaran McLaughlin


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Fila Men's and Women's Fleece Tops
Could it be a lamb? Or a wallaby? Or maybe one of those sky-dragons with a wolf's head and eagles wings and... huh. Why am I always the only one who sees those? Anyway, this fleece works regardless of where it came from. It might even be *gasp* synthetic.
Ends on April 14 at 9AM CT


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text: Narcotics Anonymous Website Updates Daily updates from the NA World Services website http://www.na.org/rss 2017-06-26T08:34:47+01:00 Narcotics Anonymous Website http://na.org/ http://na.org/images/logo.jpg text/html 2017-06-21T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=ips-ma-index Recovery Literature in Manipuri http://www.na.org/?ID=ips-ma-index IP#1, Who, What, How & Why IP#2, The Group IP#6, Recovery & Relapse| IP#7, Am I an Addict? IP#11, Sponsorship IP#12, The Triangle of Self-Obsession IP#14, One Addict's Experienc text/html 2017-06-14T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=LR_Group Local Resources for NA Groups http://www.na.org/?ID=LR_Group Group Chairperson Format - Another Look Group - 2016.pdf Group Chairperson Format - Tuesday Night Hope Group - 2017.pdf Group Chairperson Format - West Side Steps Group - 2015.pdf Group Format - First Step text/html 2017-06-14T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=conference-index World Service Conference http://www.na.org/?ID=conference-index (This page will be updated periodically as more information becomes available.) Post WSC 2016 Important dates and deadlines Projects Daily Meditation Book Project Mental Health/Mental Illn text/html 2017-06-14T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=reports-nawsnews-nawsmain NA World Services News http://www.na.org/?ID=reports-nawsnews-nawsmain Welcome to the online home of the NA World Services News. You will find all issues of the news since the last meeting of the World Service Conference. The News is translated into Fren text/html 2017-06-08T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=pof-index Future of the WSC Project http://www.na.org/?ID=pof-index As NA grows, the World Service Conference has been growing along with it. That may sound like good news, but itâs more complicated than that. The larger the Conference becomes, the more expensive and, after a text/html 2017-06-06T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=aboutus About Us http://www.na.org/?ID=aboutus What Is Narcotics Anonymous? Narcotics Anonymous is a global, community-based organization with a multilingual and multicultural membership. NA was founded in 1953, and members hold nearly 67,000 meeti text/html 2017-05-25T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=catalog-products Products http://www.na.org/?ID=catalog-products Browse and purchase eLit versions of our books - Amazon | iTunes | Google We post our catalog and order forms as PDF's. 2017 NAWS Product Catalog Product Updates May 2017 February 2017Nove text/html 2017-05-25T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=catalog-products-m Products http://www.na.org/?ID=catalog-products-m Browse and purchase eLit versions of our books - Amazon | iTunes | GoogleWe post our catalog and order forms as PDF's.2017 NAWS Product Catalog Product UpdatesMay 2017February 2017November 2016June 2016November text/html 2017-05-23T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=2016-IDT 2016-2018 Issue Discussion Topics http://www.na.org/?ID=2016-IDT The Issue Discussion Topics for the 2016-2018 Conference Cycle are: Atmosphere of Recovery in Service, How to use "Guiding Principles", and Applying our text/html 2017-05-23T15:00:00+01:00 http://www.na.org/?ID=wcna-index World Convention of Narcotics Anonymous http://www.na.org/?ID=wcna-index WCNA 37 â âThe Magic Is Still RealâOn 30 August through 2 September 2018, the World Convention of Narcotics Anonymous is coming back to Orlando, Florida after almost 30 years. The theme for WCNA 37, âTh


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Life Flo Health, Power of Krill, Omega-3 Supercharged, 60 Softgels
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Expiration Date:?Jul 2018Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
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May 29, 2014
KISSIMMEE, Fla. -- Tennessee softball legend Madison Shipman officially signed with the USSSA Pride of National Pro Fastpitch on Wednesday and will join the Pride roster this summer.
The Pride selected Shipman with the No. 2 overall pick in the 2014 NPF Draft on March 31.
"I am so excited to start the new chapter of my career with the USSSA Pride," Shipman said in a press release from the Pride. "To be able to play at that level with that talent on the field is legendary! Go Pride!"
Shipman was the second-highest NPF draft selection in Tennessee softball history, second only to Lindsay Schutzler, who was taken No. 1 overall in the 2007 draft by the Chicago Bandits. Shipman was the 12th Lady Vol to be selected in the annual NPF College Draft joining Ivy Renfroe (Akron Racers, No. 11 in 2013), Raven Chavanne (Chicago Bandits, No. 12 in 2013), Kelly Grieve (Akron Racers, No. 18 in 2011), Lillian Hammond (Philadelphia Force, No. 9 in 2009), Tonya Callahan (Rockford Thunder, No. 13 in 2008), Shannon Doepking (Akron Racers, No. 15 in 2008), Schutzler (Chicago Bandits, No. 1 in 2007),Monica Abbott (Washington Glory, No. 12 in 2007), India Chiles (Akron Racers, No. 19 in 2007), Kristi Durant (New England Riptide, No. 9 in 2006) and Sarah Fekete (Philadelphia Force, No. 10 in 2006).
"Shipman is a five tool player, with some leadership," USSSA Pride general manager Don DeDonatis said. "She comes from a championship caliber program in Tennessee, and has championship experience. She isn't a stranger to the big stage, so we look for her to be able to step in and contribute right away. She's an all-around athlete, and I think she's a perfect fit for this program. We can't wait to get her in a Pride uniform."
The USSSA Pride opens its season on Friday, May 30, against the Pennsylvania Rebellion. The Pride will play four games against the Rebellion from May 30 to June 3 and ESPN3 will broadcast each of those games live online.
Shipman was named a first-team NFCA Division I All-American on Wednesday and is a Finalist for the Senior CLASS Award. She is sixth Lady Vol to be named an All-American three times (2012, 2013, 2014) in her career, joining Abbott (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007), Chavanne (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013), Callahan (2006, 2007, 2008), Schutzler (2005, 2006, 2007) and Lauren Gibson (2011, 2012, 2013). She was also a Capital One Academic All-America® First Team selection, a Top Ten Finalist for the USA Softball Collegiate Player of the year, the 2014 SEC Player of the Year, a First Team All-SEC selection and a SEC All-Defensive Team pick.
Shipman enjoyed her best season as a senior in 2014 and was one of the main driving forces behind UT's run to the Super Regionals. She finished the season with a team-high .417 batting average, 18 homers, 16 doubles, 54 RBIs, 56 runs, 46 walks and 13 stolen bases. She also led the team with a .833 slugging percentage and a .548 on-base percentage. Shipman tied Tennessee's single-season record with a 20-game hitting streak from Feb. 9 to March 9 and set a new school single-game record with nine defensive assists against South Carolina on March 23.
Shipman shined throughout the grind of the 2014 SEC season and became the fourth Tennessee player to earn SEC Player of the Year honors, joining India Chiles (2007), Tonya Callahan (2008) and Lauren Gibson (2013). She was a two-time SEC Player of the Week (March 24, April 14) and led the league with a .591 on-base percentage and ranked second in the with a .449 batting average, an .899 slugging percentage and 26 runs in league play. She also ranked third with seven doubles, fourth with 25 RBIs and tied for fifth with nine homers in SEC play.
In 29 games against teams that made the 2014 NCAA Tournament, Shipman hit a team-best .416 (32-for-77) with 12 homers, four doubles, 30 RBIs, 30 runs, 29 walks, five stolen bases, a .935 slugging percentage and a .579 on-base percentage.
Shipman completed her Tennessee career as one of UT's best all-around players and one of its greatest power hitters. She finished her career ranked in Tennessee's top five in home runs (44, third), doubles (55, third), total bases (444, third), RBIs (207, fourth), walks (105, fourth) and slugging percentage (.611, fifth). Shipman posted a .348 career batting average and finished in the Lady Vols' top 10 in at-bats (737, ninth), runs (177, 10th), hits (253, 10th) and stolen bases (58, ninth). Her fielding was superb and she was widely regarded as the best defensive shortstop in the nation. Shipman's 397 career assists ranked second in Tennessee history and her 29 career double plays turned rank third.


text: Based on concerns raised and input by local gun owners, sportsmen and your NRA-ILA, the DeSoto County Board of Supervisors revised their proposed ordinance that originally would have restricted the possession, as well as the discharge, of firearms in greenways, parks and other recreational areas managed by the county. The revised ordinance was initially put forth for public comment in October. The revised ordinance now focuses only on the reckless discharge of firearms in these areas and does not attack self-defense rights, law-abiding concealed carry permit holders or individuals legally transporting firearms in their private motor vehicles. A copy of the revised ordinance can be viewed here.


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A personal ailment and the company's financial health resulted in leadership changes announced Friday by First Financial Service Corp., the parent company of Elizabethtown-based First Feder
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