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Czeslaw Milosz
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Czeslaw Milosz ranks among the most respected figures in twentieth-century Polish literature, as well as one of the most respected contemporary poets in the world: he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1980. Born in Lithuania, where his parents moved temporarily to escape the political upheaval in their native Poland, as an adult, he left Poland due to the oppressive Communist regime that came to power following World War II and lived in the United States from 1960 until his death in 2004. Milosz's poems, novels, essays, and other works are written in his native Polish and translated by the author and others into English. Having lived under the two great totalitarian systems of modern history, national socialism and communism, Milosz wrote of the past in a tragic, ironic style that nonetheless affirmed the value of human life. While the faith of his Roman Catholic upbringing was severely tested, it remained intact. Terrence Des Pres, writing in the Nation, stated that "political catastrophe has defined the nature of our.. [age], and the result—the collision of personal and public realms—has produced a new kind of writer. Czeslaw Milosz is the perfect example. In exile from a world which no longer exists, a witness to the Nazi devastation of Poland and the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe, Milosz deals in his poetry with the central issues of our time: the impact of history upon moral being, the search for ways to survive spiritual ruin in a ruined world."
Born in Lithuania in 1911, Milosz spent much of his childhood in Czarist Russia, where his father worked as a civil engineer. After World War I the family returned to their hometown, which had become a part of the new Polish state, and Milosz attended local Catholic schools. He published his first collection of poems, Poemat o czasie zastyglym ("Poem of the Frozen Time"), at the age of twenty-one. Milosz was associated with the catastrophist school of poets during the 1930s. The writings of this group of poets ominously foreshadowed World War II; when the war began in 1939, and Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia, Milosz worked with the underground Resistance movement in Warsaw, writing and editing several books published clandestinely during the occupation. One of these books, a collection titled Wiersze ("Poems"), was published under the pseudonym J. Syruc. Following the war, Milosz became a member of the new communist government's diplomatic service and was stationed in Paris, France, as a cultural attache. In 1951, he left this post and defected to the West.
The Captive Mind explains Milosz's reasons for defecting and examines the life of the artist under a communist regime. Karl Jaspers, in an article for the Saturday Review, described The Captive Mind as "a significant historical document and analysis of the highest order… In astonishing gradations Milosz shows what happens to men subjected simultaneously to constant threat of annihilation and to the promptings of faith in a historical necessity which exerts apparently irresistible force and achieves enormous success. We are presented with a vivid picture of the forms of concealment, of inner transformation, of the sudden bolt to conversion, of the cleavage of man into two." Milosz defected when he was recalled to Poland from his position at the Polish embassy. He refused to leave. Joseph McLellan of the Washington Post quoted Milosz explaining: "I knew perfectly well that my country was becoming the province of an empire." In a speech before the Congress for Cultural Freedom, quoted by James Atlas of the New York Times, Milosz declared: "I have rejected the new faith because the practice of the lie is one of its principal commandments and socialist realism is nothing more than a different name for a lie." After his defection Milosz lived in Paris, where he worked as a translator and freelance writer. In 1960 he was offered a teaching position at the University of California at Berkeley, which he accepted. He became an American citizen in 1970.
In The Seizure of Power, first published in France as La Prise du pouvoir in 1953, Milosz renders as fiction much of the same material found in The Captive Mind. The book is an autobiographical novel that begins with the Russian occupation of Warsaw at the close of World War II. The novel ends with the disillusioned protagonist, a political education officer for the communists, immigrating to the West. After living in the United States for a time, Milosz began to write of his new home. In Native Realm: A Search for Self-Definition and Visions from San Francisco Bay, Milosz compares and contrasts the West with his native Poland. Native Realm, Richard Holmes wrote in the London Times, is "a political and social autobiography, shorn of polemic intent, deeply self-questioning, and dominated by the sense that neither historically nor metaphysically are most Westerners in a position to grasp the true nature of the East European experience since the First War."
In Visions from San Francisco Bay Milosz examines his life in contemporary California, a place far removed in distance and temperament from the scenes of his earlier life. His observations are often sardonic, and yet he is also content with his new home. The opening words of the book are "I am here," and from that starting point Milosz describes the society around him. "The intention," noted Julian Symons in the Times Literary Supplement, "is to understand himself, to understand the United States, to communicate something singular to Czeslaw Milosz." Although Milosz's comments about life in California could be oblique and arch, "underlying all his meditations," commented Leon Edel in the New York Times Book Review, "is his constant 'amazement' that America should exist in this world—and his gratitude that it does exist."
The story of Milosz's odyssey from East to West is also recounted in his poetry. Milosz's "entire effort," Jonathan Galassi explained in the New York Times Book Review, "is directed toward a confrontation with experience—and not with personal experience alone, but with history in all its paradoxical horror and wonder." Speaking of his poetry in the essay collection The Witness of Poetry, Milosz stresses the importance of his nation's cultural heritage and history in shaping his work. "My corner of Europe," he states, "owing to the extraordinary and lethal events that have been occurring there, comparable only to violent earthquakes, affords a peculiar perspective. As a result, all of us who come from those parts appraise poetry slightly differently than do the majority of my audience, for we tend to view it as a witness and participant in one of mankind's major transformations." "For Milosz," Helen Vendler explained in the New Yorker, "the person is irrevocably a person in history, and the interchange between external event and the individual life is the matrix of poetry."
Milosz articulated a fundamental difference in the role of poetry in the capitalist West and the communist East. Western poetry, as Alfred Kazin wrote in the New York Times Book Review, is "'alienated' poetry, full of introspective anxiety." But because of the dictatorial nature of communist government, poets in the East cannot afford to be preoccupied with themselves. They are drawn to write of the larger problems of their society. "A peculiar fusion of the individual and the historical took place," Milosz wrote in The Witness of Poetry, "which means that events burdening a whole community are perceived by a poet as touching him in a most personal manner. Then poetry is no longer alienated."
For many years Milosz's poetry was little noticed in the United States, though he was highly regarded in Poland. Recognition in Poland came in defiance of official government resistance to Milosz's work. The communist regime refused to publish the books of a defector; for many years only underground editions of his poems were secretly printed and circulated in Poland. But in 1980, when Milosz was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, the communist government was forced to relent. A government-authorized edition of Milosz's poems was issued and sold a phenomenal 200,000 copies. One sign of Milosz's widespread popularity in Poland occurred when Polish workers in Gdansk unveiled a monument to their comrades who were shot down by the communist police. Two quotations were inscribed on the monument: one was taken from the Bible; the other was taken from a poem by Milosz.
The Nobel Prize also brought Milosz to the attention of a wider audience in the United States. After 1980 several of his earlier works were translated into English, while his new books received widespread critical attention. The poet's image also graced a postage stamp in Poland. Some of this public attention focused less on Milosz's work as poetry than "as the work of a thinker and political figure; the poems tend to be considered en masse, in relation either to the condition of Poland, or to the suppression of dissident literature under Communist rule, or to the larger topic of European intellectual history," as Vendler maintained. But most reviewers have commented on Milosz's ability to speak in a personal voice that carries with it the echoes of his people's history. Critic Paul Zweig explained that Milosz "offers a modest voice, speaking an old language. But this language contains the resources of centuries. Speaking it, one speaks with a voice more than personal… Milosz's power lies in his ability to speak with this larger voice without diminishing the urgency that drives his words."
Because he lived through some of the great upheavals of twentieth-century Eastern Europe, and because his poetry fuses his own experiences with the larger events in his society, many of Milosz's poems concern loss, destruction, and despair. Milosz believed that one of the major problems of contemporary society—in both the East and the West—is its lack of a moral foundation. Writing in The Land of Ulro, he finds that modern man has only "the starry sky above, and no moral law within." Speaking to Judy Stone of the New York Times Book Review, Milosz stated: "I am searching for an answer as to what will result from an internal erosion of religious beliefs." Because of his moral vision Milosz's writings make strong statements, some of which are inherently political in their implications. "The act of writing a poem is an act of faith," Milosz claimed in The History of Polish Literature, "yet if the screams of the tortured are audible in the poet's room, is not his activity an offense to human suffering?" Yet Milosz also warned of the dangers of political writing. In a PEN Congress talk reprinted in the Partisan Review, he stated: "In this century a basic stance of writers… seems to be an acute awareness of suffering inflicted upon human beings by unjust structures of society… This awareness of suffering makes a writer open to the idea of radical change, whichever of many recipes he chooses… Innumerable millions of human beings were killed in this century in the name of utopia—either progressive or reactionary, and always there were writers who provided convincing justifications for massacre."
In The Witness of Poetry Milosz argues that true poetry is "the passionate pursuit of the Real." He condemns those writers who favor art for art's sake or who think of themselves as alienated, and suggests, as Adam Gussow wrote in the Saturday Review, that poets may have "grown afraid of reality, afraid to see it clearly and speak about it in words we can all comprehend." What is needed in "today's unsettled world," Gussow explained, are poets who, "like Homer, Dante, and Shakespeare, will speak for rather than against the enduring values of their communities." Many critics noted his concern for a poetry that confronts reality. Helen Vendler wrote that "the work of Milosz reminds us of the great power that poetry gains from bearing within itself an unforced, natural, and long-ranging memory of past customs; a sense of the strata of ancient and modern history; wide visual experience; and a knowledge of many languages and literatures… The living and tormented revoicing of the past makes Milosz a historical poet of bleak illumination."
With the publication in 1986 of Unattainable Earth, Milosz continued to show himself as a poet of memory and a poet of witness, for, in the prose footnote to "Poet at Seventy," he wrote of his continued "un-named need for order, for rhythm, for form, which three words are opposed to chaos and nothingness." The book was the first of several lauded collaborative translations between the author and American poet Robert Hass. A year later, The Collected Poems, 1931-1987 was published, bringing together Selected Poems, Bells in Winter, The Separate Notebooks, and Unattainable Earth into one volume. The book contains 180 poems ranging in size from two lines to sixty pages. Forty-five poems appear for the first time in English, of which twenty-six are recently translated older poems and twenty are new poems. New York Times Book Review contributor Edward Hirsch found the volume "one of the monumental splendors of poetry in our age." Baranczak believed that it is a book that can "finally give the English-speaking reader a fairly accurate idea of what [Milosz's] poetry really is, both in the sense of the largeness of its thematic and stylistic range and the uniqueness of his more than half-century-long creative evolution."
Milosz followed in 1991 with Provinces: Poems, 1987-1991. For Milosz, the life in each individual seems made up of provinces, and one new province which he must now visit is the province of old age. He explores getting older in the thirteen-part sequence titled, 'A New Province,' reporting that, "not much is known about that country/ Till we land there ourselves, with no right to return." Hirsch found that these poems about old age have "a penetrating honesty" derived from "a powerful dialectical tension, a metaphysical dispute at work . . . about the conflicting claims of immanence and transcendence, the temporal and the eternal." In the 1990s, Milosz also published a series of books of essays and occasional pieces, including Beginning with My Streets: Essays and Recollections, published in 1992, which closes with his 1980 Nobel lecture, and A Year of the Hunter, published in 1994, a journal Milosz penned between August of 1987 and August of 1988.
In 1995 Milosz produced the poetry collection Facing the River: New Poems. This volume includes verse that deals largely with Milosz's return to Vilnius, the city of his childhood, now the capital of the free republic of Lithuania. Facing the River is not just about Milosz's return to Lithuania and the people that he misses; it also addresses the poet's accomplishments and his views on life. In "At a Certain Age," Milosz declares that old men, who see themselves as handsome and noble, will find: "later in our place an ugly toad/ Half-opens its thick eyelid/ And one sees clearly: 'That's me.'" In 1999, at age eighty-eight, Milosz published Roadside Dog, a collection "that at first encounter seems an invitation to revisit the remembered landscapes of his life," as Jaroslaw Anders noted in the New Republic. In "maxims, anecdotes, meditations, crumbs of worldly wisdom, introspections… [and] poems," Milosz takes readers on a trip through the sounds and images that have shaped his life as a poet. Milosz remained active even as he advanced into his nineties. In 2001 he published Milosz's ABCs, a brief, alphabetical collection of entries illustrating his experiences and view on life. And that year, Milosz published a translation of a work first published in 1957 in his native language: A Treatise on Poetry. This lengthy poetic work has four parts which ponder Europe at the turn of the twentieth century, Poland between the two world wars that devastated it, World War II, and the proper place of the poet in the world after the horror of World War II. It also serves as an historical survey of Polish poetry throughout those periods. It is a work that is "gripping, profound and beautiful," according to a writer for the Economist. Translated nearly fifty years after it was written, A Treatise on Poetry found an audience among a new generation of readers. Nicholas Wroe quoted Milosz in the Guardian as commenting: "It has been a great pleasure to see my poem apparently not getting old… It is really a history of Polish poetry in the twentieth century, in connection to history and the problems of so-called historical necessity. And I am proud of having written a poem that deals with historical, political and aesthetic issues even though, of course, I know that for students, the parts of the poem where I deal with Hegelian philosophy and Marxism are, for them, completely exotic. They have such short memories." The year 2001 also saw the publication of another major collection of Milosz's poems, New and Collected Poems, 1931-2001.
Milosz also published a collection of essays in 2001, titled To Begin Where I Am: Selected Essays. The essays also form a kind of autobiography, beginning with an account of the poet's life on his grandparents' farm in Lithuania and proceeding on through the tumultuous decades that followed. Milosz has frequently been pointed out as rather unusual in that he maintained his Catholic faith even through the horrors of two World Wars; many intellectuals who survived that time subsequently suffered crises of faith from which they never recovered. "Milosz's work is something so extraordinary in our epoch, that it seems to be a phenomenon that he has appeared on the surface of contemporary art from the mysterious depths of reality," declared Krzysztof Dybciak in World Literature Today. "At a time when voices of doubt, deadness, and despair are the loudest; when writers are outstripping each other in negation of man, his culture, and nature; when the predominant action is destruction… the world built by the author of 'Daylight' creates a space in which one can breathe freely, where one can find rescue. It renders the world of surfaces transparent and condenses being. It does not promise any final solutions to the unleashed elements of nature and history here on earth, but it enlarges the space in which one can await the Coming with hope. Milosz does not believe in the omnipotence of man, and he has been deprived of the optimistic faith in the self-sufficiency of a world known only through empirical experience. He leads the reader to a place where one can see—to paraphrase the poet's own formula regarding time—Being raised above being through Being."
Milosz died in Krakow, Poland in 2004. In 2011, Yale University held the "Milosz and America" conference at the Beinecke Library. Milosz's papers are held at the Beinecke.
- Poemat o czasie zastyglym (title means "Poem of the Frozen Time"), [Vilnius, Lithuania], 1933.
- Trzy zimy (title means "Three Winters"), Union of Polish Writers, 1936.
- (Under pseudonym J. Syruc) Wiersze (title means "Poems"), [Warsaw, Poland], 1940.
- Ocalenie (title means "Salvage"), Czytelnik (Poland), 1945.
- Swiatlo dzienne (title means "Daylight"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1953.
- Kontynenty (title means "Continents"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1958.
- Krol Popiel i inne wiersze (title means "King Popiel and Other Poems"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1962.
- Gucio zaczarowany (title means "Bobo's Metamorphosis"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1965.
- Lied vom Weltende (title means "A Song for the End of the World"), Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1967.
- Wiersze (title means "Poems"), Oficyna Poetow i Malarzy (London, England), 1969.
- Miasto bez imienia (title means "City without a Name"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1969.
- Selected Poems, Seabury Press (New York, NY), 1973 , revised edition, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 1981.
- Gdzie wschodzi slonce i kedy zapada (title means "From Where the Sun Rises to Where It Sets"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1974.
- Utwory poetyckie (title means "Selected Poems"), Michigan Slavic Publications (Ann Arbor, MI), 1976.
- The Bells in Winter, translation by Milosz and Lillian Vallee, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 1978.
- Poezje, Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1981.
- Traktat moralny, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza (Lublin, Poland), 1981.
- Lud da sile swojemu poecie, Spoleczny Komitet Budowy Pomnika (Gdansk, Poland), 1981.
- Hymn o Perle (title means "Hymn to the Pearl"), Michigan Slavic Publications (Ann Arbor, MI), 1982.
- Ksiega psalmw, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski (Lublin, Poland), 1982.
- Swiadectwo poezji, Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1983.
- The Separate Notebooks, translation by Robert Hass and Robert Pinsky, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 1984.
- Ksiegi pieciu megilot, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski (Lublin, Poland), 1984.
- The Collected Poems, 1931-1987, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 1988.
- Nieobjeta ziemia, Wydawn Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1988.
- (Author of text) Josef Koudelka, Exiles, Aperture Foundation (New York, NY), 1988.
- Kroniki, Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1988.
- The World, translation by Milosz, Arion Press, 1989.
- Dalsze okolice, Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1991.
- Provinces: Poems, 1987-1991, translation by Milosz and Robert Hass, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 1991.
- Haiku, Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1992.
- Na brzegu rzeki, Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1994.
- Facing the River: New Poems, translation by Milosz and Robert Hass, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 1995.
- Jakiegoz to goscia mielismy, Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1996.
- Swiat: Poema naiwne (based on a 1943 manuscript), Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1999.
- Poezje, Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1999.
- Wyprawa w dwudziestolecie, Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1999.
- Wypisy z ksiag uzytecznych, Znak (Krakow, Poland), 2000.
- New and Collected Poems, 1931-2001, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 2001.
- Orfeusz i Eurydyka, Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 2002.
- Second Space: New Poems, translated by Robert Hass (with Milosz), Ecco/ HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2004.
- Zniewolony umysl (essays), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1953, translation by Jane Zielonko published as The Captive Mind, Knopf (New York, NY), 1953, reprinted, Octagon (New York, NY), 1981.
- Traktat poetycki (title means "Treatise on Poetry"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1957, translation by Milosz and Robert Hass published as A Treatise on Poetry, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 2001.
- Rodzinna Europa (essays), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1959, translation by Catherine S. Leach published as Native Realm: A Search for Self-Definition, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1968.
- Czlowiek wsrod skorpionow: Studium o Stanislawie Brzozowskim (title means "A Man among Scorpions: A Study of Stanislaw Brzozowski"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1962.
- The History of Polish Literature, Macmillan (New York, NY), 1969, revised edition, University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1983.
- Widzenia nad Zatoka San Francisco, Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1969, translation by Richard Lourie published as Visions from San Francisco Bay, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1982.
- Prywatne obowiazki (essays; title means "Private Obligations"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1972.
- Moj wiek: Pamietnik nowiony (interview with Alexander Wat; title means "My Century: An Oral Diary"), edited by Lidia Ciolkoszowa, two volumes, Polonia Book Fund (London, England), 1977.
- Emperor of the Earth: Modes of Eccentric Vision, University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1977.
- Ziemia Ulro, Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1977, translation by Louis Iribarne published as The Land of Ulro, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1984.
- Ogrod nauk (title means "The Garden of Knowledge"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1980.
- Dziela zbiorowe (title means "Collected Works"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1980.
- Nobel Lecture, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux (New York, NY), 1981.
- The Witness of Poetry (lectures), Harvard University Press (Cambridge, MA), 1983.
- The Rising of the Sun, Arion Press (San Francisco, CA), 1985.
- Unattainable Earth, translation from the Polish manuscript by Milosz and Robert Hass, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 1986.
- Beginning with My Streets: Essays and Recollections (essays), translation by Madeline G. Levine, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1992.
- A Year of the Hunter, translation by Madeline G. Levine, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1994.
- Legendy nowoczesnosci: Eseje okupacyjne, Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1996.
- Szukanie ojczyzny, Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1996.
- Traktat moralny: Traktat poetycki (interviews), Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1996.
- Striving toward Being: The Letters of Thomas Merton and Czeslaw Milosz, edited by Robert Faggen, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1997.
- Piesek przydroczny, Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1997, translation published as Roadside Dog, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1998.
- Zycie na wyspach (essays), Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1997.
- Dar = Gabe, Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1998.
- Abecadlo Milosza, Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1997.
- Inne abecadlo, Literackie (Krakow, Poland), 1998.
- Zaraz po wojnie: Korespondenczja z pisarzami, 1945-1950 (correspondence), Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1998.
- Milosz's ABCs (selections from Inne Abecadlo and Abecadlo Milosza), translation by Madeline G. Levine, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 2001.
- To Begin Where I Am: Selected Essays, edited by Bogadana Carpenter and Madeline G. Levine, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 2001.
- La Prise du pouvoir, translation by Jeanne Hersch, Gallimard (Paris, France), 1953, original Polish edition published as Zdobycie wladzy, Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1955, translation by Celina Wieniewska published as The Seizure of Power, Criterion (New York, NY), 1955, translation published as The Usurpers, Faber (London, England), 1955.
- Dolina Issy, Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1955, translation by Louis Iribarne published as The Issa Valley, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1981.
- (With Zbigniew Folejewski) Antologia poezji spolecznej (title means "Anthology of Social Poetry"), [Vilnius], 1933.
- Piesn niepodlegla (Resistance poetry; title means "Invincible Song"), Oficyna, 1942, Michigan Slavic Publications (Ann Arbor, MI), 1981.
- Lettres inedites de O. V. de L. Milosz a Christian Gauss (correspondence), Silvaire, 1976.
- (With Drenka Willen) A Book of Luminous Things: An International Anthology of Poetry, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 1996.
- (And editor) Jacques Maritain, Drogami Kleski, [Warsaw, Poland], 1942.
- (And editor) Daniel Bell, Praca i jej gorycze (title means "Work and Its Discontents"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1957.
- (And editor) Simone Weil, Wybor pism (title means "Selected Works"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1958.
- (And editor) Kultura masowa (title means "Mass Culture"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1959.
- (And editor) Wegry (title means "Hungary"), Instytut Literacki (Paris, France), 1960.
- (And editor) Postwar Polish Poetry: An Anthology, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1965, revised edition, University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1983.
- (With Peter Dale Scott) Zbigniew Herbert, Selected Poems, Penguin (New York, NY), 1968.
- Alexander Wat, Mediterranean Poems, Ardi, 1977.
- Ewangelia wedlug sw. Marka (title means "The Gospel according to St. Mark"), Znak (Krakow, Poland), 1978.
- Ksiega Hioba (title means "The Book of Job"), Dialogue (Paris, France), 1980.
- Anna Swir, Happy As a Dog's Tail, Harcourt (San Diego, CA), 1985.
- (With Leonard Nathan) Aleksander Wat, With the Skin: Poems of Aleksander Wat, Ecco Press (New York, NY), 1989.
Founder and editor, Zagary (literary periodical), 1931.
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Czeslaw Milosz ranks among the most respected figures in twentieth-century Polish literature, as well as one of the most respected contemporary poets in the world: he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1980. Born in Lithuania, where his parents moved temporarily to escape the political upheaval in their native Poland, as an adult, he left Poland due to the oppressive Communist regime that came to power following World War II and lived in the United States from 1960 until his death in 2004. Milosz's poems, novels, essays, and other works are written in his native Polish and translated by the author and others into English. Having lived under the two great totalitarian systems of modern history, national socialism and communism, Milosz wrote of the past in a tragic, ironic style that nonetheless affirmed the value of human life. While the faith of his Roman Catholic upbringing was severely...


text:
In September 1843, John and Mary Brown experienced a terrible tragedy. In the course of a 12 day period, four John and Mary's seven children, ranging in age from 1 to 9 years old, died from disease. Charles, age 6, died September 11, 1843. The next three, Austin, age 1, Peter, age 3, and Sarah, age 9, followed on September 21, 22 and 23 respectively.
Accounts differ as to what the disease was - diphtheria, dysentery and cholera are the three most likely culprits - but we may never know for sure which one was the actual cause.
What we do know is that Mary, seven months pregnant with my great-great grandmother, Annie, and John, father of a total of 13 children, were devastated by the death of nearly a third of his children, more than half of their younger ones. Two days after the fourth death, John wrote the following to his eldest son John, Jr:
Richfield 25th Sept 1843
Dear Son
God has seen fit to visit us with the pestilence since you left us, and four of our number sleep in the dust, and four of us that are still living have been more or less unwell but appear to be nearly recovered. On the 4th Sept Charles was taken with the Dysentery and died on the 11th, about the time that Charles died Sarah, Peter, & Austin were taken with the same complaint. Austin died on the 21st, Peter on the 22nd & Sarah on the 23rd and were all buried together in one grave. This has been to us all a bitter cup indeed, and we have drunk deeply, but still the Lord reigneth and blessed be his great and holy name forever. In our sore affliction there is still some comfort. Sarah (like your own Mother) during her sickness discovered great composure of mind, and patience, together with strong assurance at times of meeting God in Paradise. She seemed to have no idea of recovering from the first, nor did she ever express the least desire that she might, but rather the reverse. We fondly hope that she is not disappointed. They were all children towards whom perhaps we might have felt a little partial but they all now lie in a little row together…
The following is an account of a neighbor who helped the family with the sick children. The information is located at the Richfield Historical Society - Oviatt Family Chronology, compiled by Leah & Lynn Krulik.
As a mother, my heart hurts to read these accounts. Losing not one, not two, but four children so quickly, not being able to do anything more for them than trying to make them comfortable, watching them go to sleep and never awaken. How hard that must have been. And poor Mary, the fear she must have carried with her for the next two months - would the baby she was carrying be okay? I am sure that John and Mary spent many hours in prayer in the latter part of 1843."John Brown, the famous abolitionist, lived in three different houses in Richfield. The first home was in the vicinity of Fountain Rd or Boston Mills Rd as it's now called. It was there that four of his children fell ill with diphtheria, a potentially fatal bacterial infection. Sophie Sheldon, a neighbor to the Brown family who had helped to nurse the children became worn out.A buggy pulled up to the front door and Fanny Oviatt stepped out. 'Go away, Aunt Fanny. You can't come in here. It's a house of death.' 'Of course I can,' Fanny replied. 'You don't suppose I am afraid of sickness, do you? How is the little boy?' 'Dead. Dead, I tell you. And Sarah doesn't know us anymore when we talk to her. Go home before your children get it too.' 'Sophie, your father is waiting for you outside and you are to go home with him. When you get there, take off your clothes in the woodshed and burn them, every one. Then wash yourself all over with lots of soft soap and water before you go into the house. You'll not get it or give it to anyone else'.Fanny turned to Mrs Brown and said ' My husband Mason didn't want me to come but I said to him "Mason Oviatt, what would you think if it was our children sick and no one to help?". He was ashamed of himself then and said of course I should come.' Later, two children Austen and Peter, lay dead. And the third, Sarah, which she cared for, died during the night. They were buried the next day in one grave beside their brother Charles, who had died ten days before. They are buried in the East Richfield cemetery."Due to the precautions taken by Fanny, none of her eleven children contracted the deadly disease."
The four children share a grave at the Richfield Cemetery in Richfield, Summit, Ohio. Next time I am in Ohio, I will be paying my respects to my distant cousins, who never got a chance to grow up.
Find a grave registrations
Austin Brown 38560582
Charles Brown 38560420
Peter Brown 38560502
Sarah Brown 38560313

subset: commoncrawl


text:
He took the microphone, picked up his glass, and quietly uttered, "This is the happiest day of my life!" before he handed the mic back to the band.
Phil and Barb were so excited to be married, and having found that joy, they could do little more than laugh and smile at each other.
I met up with Phil, his brother, and parents at Phils house, got to know them a bit before heading outside to grab some quick portraits.The ceremony was at Northway Christian Community Worship Cafe in Wexford, so I headed over to meet up with Barb and the girls. After a beautiful ceremony and the family portraits, we headed to the West End Overlook, and then to the reception at The LeMont on Mount Washington.
Thanks for letting me be a part of your day.
Enjoy the story.
Powered by Facebook CommentsTags: Beautiful brides Dan Speicher documentary photography LeMont lifestyle wedding photojournalism Mount Washington northway christian community photojournalism Pittsburgh Wedding Photographer wedding photography wedding photojournalism West End Overlook Wexford


text: I did a search and a lot of the threads were pretty old, some from 2007. I am using WoFs Jetpack templates and building my pack with cardboard / chipboard of varying thicknesses. Besides bondo, because I like to go the non toxic route when I can, what do you guys like to use for fillers? I am thinking for seams and smoothing out corners, I can use either drywall compound or wood filler. I am just not sure which is the stronger of the two. Or if there is something better, i am open to suggestions!


text:
Natural Sciences
Online Bachelor's Degree from an Accredited Leader in Distance Learning
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The Bachelor of Science in Natural Sciences degree is a career-building program designed specifically for working adults.
Our online natural sciences program enables you to integrate credits from multiple scientific disciplines into a coherent degree—one that helps you succeed in the workplace and compete in the job market.
A national leader in adult education, Excelsior designed its natural sciences degree for working adults who need to balance education with work and family obligations. You'll take all your classes online, working from your own computer, with maximum flexibility and convenience. In addition:
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A Natural Sciences Degree that Pays Career Dividends
Excelsior College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. (Learn more about the MSCHE accreditation and programs specialized accreditations on our accreditation page.)
Our natural sciences degree program meets the same high academic standards that apply to on-campus colleges. You'll study with experienced faculty drawn from natural science programs throughout the country. And Excelsior's advanced online portal enables you to interact closely with instructors and collaborate with other students.
You'll graduate with a respected natural sciences degree and a well-rounded set of marketable skills.
Minimum of 120 credits: 60 credits (21 in upper level) in arts and sciences and 60 credits (9 in upper level) in applied professional courses, additional arts and sciences courses or a combination of both. Concentration: minimum of 33 credits, with at least 18 at the upper level including a 3 credit capstone course and a minimum 2.0 GPA required. All science courses must be taken within ten years from the time of enrollment. Please speak to your advisor for details. See the credit requirements in chart form.
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1 There is some conflict of evidence on this
point, and Dr. Stubbs, following Wendover, iv., 2, makes Peter of
Winchester crown Henry. But the official account in Fćdera,
i., 145, is confirmed by Ann. Tewkesbury, p. 62;
Histoire de G. le Maréchal, lines 15329-32; Hist.
des ducs de Normandie, et des rois d'Angleterre, p. 181, and
Ann. Winchester, p. 83. Wykes, p. 60, and Ann.
Dunstable, p. 48, which confirm Wendover, are suspect by reason
of other errors.
1 The fears and hopes of the marshal's friends
are well depicted in Histoire de Guillaume le
Maréchal, lines 15500-15708.
2 The panegyrist of the marshal emphasises
strongly the fact that Peter's charge was a delegation,
ibid., lines 17993-18018.
1 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii., 21.
1 Histoire des ducs de Normandie, etc.,
p. 181.
2 Tait, Medieval Manchester and the
Beginnings of Lancashire, p. 180.
1 Mr. G.J. Turner has identified Cassingham with
the modern Kensham, between Rolvenden and Sandhurst, in Kent.
2 Histoire des ducs de Normandie, etc.,
p. 183.
1 On Nichola de Camville or de la Hay see M.
Petit-Dutaillis in Mélanges Julien Havet, pp.
1 Histoire des ducs de Normandie, etc.,
p. 188; cf. English Hist. Review, xviii. (1903), 263-64.
1 For a discussion of the battle, see English
Hist. Review, xviii. (1903), 240-65.
1 This successful attempt of the English fleet
to manoeuvre for the weather gage, that is to secure a position to
the windward of their opponents, is the first recorded instance of
what became the favourite tactics of British admirals. For the
legend of Eustace see Witasse le Moine, ed. Förster
1 Grosseteste, Epistolć, p. 339.
1 Histoire de Guillaume le
Maréchal, published by P. Meyer for the Soc. de
l'histoire de France. Petit-Dutaillis, Étude sur Louis
VIII. (1894), and G.J. Turner, Minority of Henry III.,
part i, in Transactions of the Royal Hist. Soc., new ser.,
viii. (1904), 245-95, are the best modern commentaries on the
history of the marshal's regency.


text:
Utilizing a team of experts, Nationwide Children's Hospital has assembled an organized program to assist referring health care providers in caring for patients with progressive lung or heart-lung disorders.
Under the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the Advanced Lung Disease program consists of programs for cystic fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease, interstitial lung disease and neonatal lung disease. Physicians see patients throughout all stages of care from early to late-stage diagnosis.
The goal of the program is to collaborate with physicians in medically managing their patients and if needed, expedite a patient's evaluation for lung or heart-lung transplantation.
If transplantation is deemed necessary, the team at Nationwide Children's Hospital has a "toolbox" containing a full spectrum of mechanical assist devices, designed for short- to long-term use, in order to reduce morbidity and improve patient survival. Devices used to bridge pediatric patients to transplant include ambulatory ECMO and artificial lung technology.
A part of the Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Program, the Advanced Lung Program works in conjunction with the renowned Heart Center and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.
Patients who may benefit
Dyspnea is a very common complaint in pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients with pulmonary disorders. We assess dyspnea following guidelines determined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, which uses four categories based on physical activity limitations:
Class I
Class II (mild)
Class III (moderate)
Class IV (severe)
For any patient that is NYHA Class IV or Class III unresponsive to standard therapy, our team may provide services that could either assist in medical management or may expedite their evaluation for lung or heart-lung transplantation.
The initial evaluation and treatment focuses on therapies available for the specific lung diseases classified as:
The work-up and treatment of these advanced lung diseases follows along a continuum. At some point, the dyspnea reaches levels refractory to typical medical management that may limit the patient's ability to participate in activities of daily living. At that time, we can evaluate a patient for lung or heart-lung transplantation. For patients with advanced lung disease including acute respiratory decompensation, our Ambulatory ECMO and Artificial Lung Program is available, and we have the capability of transporting patients on ECMO if needed.
Advanced Lung Disease Referral Info
Don Hayes, MD, MS, MEd
Medical Director, Advanced Lung Disease Program
Medical Director, Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Programs
Phone: (614) 722-3425
Fax: (614) 722-3426
Advanced Lung Disease Team
We have a comprehensive team with expert pulmonologists, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, respiratory therapists, perfusionists, nurses and technicians.
Physician Direct Connect Line
A 24-hour physician consult-transfer center for providers, managed by experienced RNs who can assist in caring for their children by being a single point of contact.
(614) 355-0221 or 1-877-355-0221 (toll-free)


text:
'"It felt like I was busy. Now as a coach I really can identify with guys who don't have a job and are struggling with what to do. It is a bit of a challenge."'
James Patrick has been locked out as player, coach
September 28, 2012 Submitted by
Via: Winnipeg Sun


text:
Source: Amazon Editorial Reviews
With visionary flare, Pink argues that business and everyday life will soon be dominated by right-brain thinkers. He identifies the roots and implications of transitioning from a society dominated by left-brain thinkers into something entirely different—although at times, he seems to be exhorting rather than observing the trend. As a narrator, Pink delivers in a well executed manner, with occasional hints of enthusiasm. He maintains a steady voice that is well suited for a business-oriented text, and his crisp pronunciation and consistent pace keeps listeners engaged and at ease. Updated with new material. A Riverhead paperback (reviewed online). (Feb.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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text:
Media Take Note: Heritage Study Is Not An Analysis Of Immigration Proposal
Research ››› ››› SOLANGE UWIMANA
Media outlets are reporting that a new immigration report from the conservative Heritage Foundation found that passing the proposed Senate comprehensive immigration bill will cost $6.3 trillion. In fact, the Heritage report is not an analysis of the entire Senate's "Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act," and does not take into account costs or savings of the proposal's broader reforms.
Media Report That Heritage Study Found Senate Immigration Proposal Will Cost Trillions
Fox News: "Comprehensive Immigration Overhaul Being Taken Up In The Senate This Week Could Cost Taxpayers $6.3 trillion." In an article on a Heritage immigration study headlined, "Study pegs cost of immigration bill's mass legalization at $6.3 trillion," Fox News claimed that the "comprehensive immigration overhaul being taken up in the Senate this week could cost taxpayers $6.3 trillion if 11 million illegal immigrants are granted legal status, according to a long-awaited estimate by the conservative Heritage Foundation." [FoxNews.com, 5/6/13]
Wash. Times: "The Senate Immigration Bill Will Cost Taxpayers At Least $6.3 Trillion Over The Next 50 Years." In reporting on the Heritage study, The Washington Timesclaimed that the "Senate immigration bill will cost taxpayers at least $6.3 trillion over the next 50 years, according to a new report released Monday by the Heritage Foundation that argues legalizing millions of illegal immigrants will overload America's social safety net." [The Washington Times, 5/6/13]
NRO: Study Found That Under Senate Proposal, Undocumented Immigrant Household "Would Produce A Net Fiscal Deficit Of Nearly $600,000." A National Review Online post on the study claimed that "[u]nder the Gang of Eight's proposal, the average illegal-immigrant household would produce a net fiscal deficit of nearly $600,000 over the course of a lifetime, the study found." [National Review Online, 5/6/13]
Politico: Heritage "Warns That The Senate Immigration Reform Bill Would Cost Taxpayers $6.3 Trillion." Politico reported that the Heritage study "warns that the Senate immigration reform bill would cost taxpayers $6.3 trillion in new spending on entitlements and social programs." Politico added: "Over their lifetime, Heritage says, newly legal immigrants would receive $9.4 trillion in government benefits under the Gang of Eight bill - including Social Security and Medicare, social programs like Medicaid and food stamps, and new health coverage under Obamacare - while paying back $3.1 trillion in taxes." [Politico, 5/6/13]
In Fact, Heritage Study Is Not An Analysis Of The Full Senate Immigration Bill
Salon: Heritage's Robert Rector Admitted Study "Is Not An Analysis Of The Entire Immigration Reform Bill." An article in Salon quoted Rector as admitting that "the organization's current findings are limited." The article quoted the study's co-author, Robert Rector, saying the study "is not an analysis of the entire immigration reform bill, which is something I hope to do in the future." [Salon, 5/6/13]
Reuters: Heritage Study Does Not Score Senate Bill. In an article on the study, Reuters noted that Heritage only looked at the provision granting legal status to undocumented immigrants:
Granting legal status to 11 million undocumented foreigners living in the United States would significantly add to government budget deficits, according to a study released on Monday by the conservative Heritage Foundation.
Heritage, a think tank headed by former Senator Jim DeMint, has assumed a leading role in opposition to a bipartisan, comprehensive immigration bill being considered by the U.S. Senate.
The legislation couples the legalization proposal with a new program to admit high-skilled and low-skilled workers to fill jobs that industry and agriculture say are going begging because of a shortage of available U.S. workers. The Heritage study did not look at the impact on the economy of those provisions. [Reuters, 5/6/13]
Huffington Post: Heritage Report Ignores Facts Of Proposed Immigration Legislation. In an article outlining criticism of the Heritage study, the Huffington Post reported that "Rector acknowledged that the Heritage report leaves out some aspects of immigration reform that many expect to help the economy." It further noted that the Heritage report cannot be an accurate scoring of the immigration bill as it ignores several provisions of the bill:
Far from an amnesty, the "gang of eight" legislation would require even tighter border restrictions before legalization processes could move forward and would make it far more difficult for current unauthorized immigrants to become citizens.
The difficulty and scope of a new path to citizenship under the bill is one of the many issues cited by critics of the Heritage report. Not all unauthorized immigrants will even be eligible for legal status under the "gang of eight" bill -- those who entered the country after Dec. 31, 2011, would be excluded, along with people who committed certain crimes -- and others might choose not to pursue it, either based on its high cost or other factors. [Huffington Post, 5/6/13]
Buzzfeed: Heritage Study "Does Not Take Into Account Any Costs Or Savings Associated With" Senate Bill. In a post on the study, Buzzfeed reported that it "includes costs associated with local, state and federal benefits like social security and health care benefits that families headed by non-high school graduates would receive" but "does not take into account any costs or savings associated with the legislation's broader reforms to the immigration system and border security -- or the economic or tax benefits advocates for the bill hope will come with legalizing a vast gray economy." [Buzzfeed, 5/6/13]
Townhall: Heritage Study Does Not Cover "The Entire Cost Of The Bill." In an article on the study, Townhall noted that "it is important to point out the Heritage study and assessment of $6.3 trillion only covers the amnesty/citizenship cost of the Gang of 8 bill, not the entire cost of the bill." [Townhall, 5/6/13]
- Posted In
- Immigration, Immigration Myths, Immigration Reform
- Network/Outlet
- Fox News Channel, The Washington Times, National Review Online
- Show/Publication
- Politico, Heritage Foundation
Instructions for signing up and claiming your comment history are located here.
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text:
You can order tickets for the Bayreuth Festival by post or online.
We will start processing ticket orders for the 2017 Bayreuth Festival on 15th October 2016. Please place your order by 15th October at the latest.
If you wish to order by post, please request the order forms for the 2017 Festival from the ticket office. Please send the completed form to the ticket office by 15th October 2016.
Please send your postal order (email and faxes are not accepted!) to the following address:
Bayreuther Festspiele
Ticket office
Post box 10 02 62
D – 95402 Bayreuth, Germany
Telephone enquiries:
Mon - Thu: 10-12 and 14-16:00
Fri: 10-12:00
+49 921 / 7878 - 780
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
If you order by post, please fill out the order forms clearly and completely. This will expedite the processing of your request. Orders cannot be processed and are invalid if the form has been changed or if the field specifications have not been observed.
If you have already ordered tickets, you will receive the order form every year automatically – including personal access to online ordering at www.bayreuther-festspiele.de. If you register with this access data, your previous order and waiting times — just as with the written order — will be taken fully into account.
The processing fee for every postal order is 6 euros. This fee is waived for successful online orders.
The processing fee for every invoiced ticket is 2 euro.
We only accept payments for tickets in euros. Orders by post can only be paid for by bank transfer or credit card.
Please note that if you have not received an invoice by 15th January 2017, this means that your order could not processed. A separate cancellation notice will not be sent.
It should be noted that in most cases, we will only be able to process your order after several years of waiting, as the number of ticket orders far exceeds the allotted number of tickets.
Entrance tickets will be sent out after payment is received by the end of May 2017 at the latest.
Commerzbank Bayreuth, IBAN: DE07 7734 0076 0135 0990 00, BIC: COBADEFFXXX
HypoVereinsbank Bayreuth, IBAN: DE75 7732 0072 0012 4682 53, BIC: HYVEDEMM412
Postbank Nuremberg, IBAN: DE86 7601 0085 0035 3698 53, BIC: PBNKDEFFXXX
Please refrain from making any payments before you receive an invoice.
Payments by credit card will incur a processing fee equal to 5% of the invoice amount.
During the festival season, the ticket office opens 2 ½ hours before the start of the performance.


text:
Biancian Slip
"Won't you be wine?"
I can't believe I said it. I had fallen in love on our second date, and all I wanted to do was make an impression, so I decided to ask her, "Won't you be mine?" You know, like it says on a valentine, but in a bit of a Freudian Slip, out came "Won't you be wine?" instead.
I couldn't help it! I had Chateau Bianca Oregon wine on my mind. From Pinot Gris to Pinot Blanc, it was all I could think about. I'd been wanting it for dinner, but it wasn't on the menu, and it had slowly become the one thought I had going through my head.
But I was going to use the line. I had already planned on doing it, and I was going to impress her, with nothing holding me back. And that's when I screwed up by saying "Won't you be wine?" Oh, Chateau Biana, why must I love you so?


text:
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By Rob Kelly
Johan Djourou says Arsenal must harness the momentum they built up in the defeat of Tottenham last weekend to help them during the season run-in.
The Swiss centre back missed the North London derby with a thigh injury but was delighted with the spirit his team-mates showed to come from two goals down and win 5-2.
Djourou knows it is now important for Arsène Wenger's side to continue in the same vein for the rest of the campaign - starting at Liverpool on Saturday.
"The win against Tottenham was a big lift for the team, we have tough games coming up so we have to take the positives out of it," he told Arsenal Player.
"The start [to the match] wasn't the best but the ending was perfect so we have to keep that in our heads and keep working.
"We must try to achieve the highest position we can. We had a bit of trouble at the start but overall I think the form is there."
The 25-year-old says the manner of the derby victory has given the squad a major morale boost and he believes this could prove crucial in the weeks to come.
"Football is about talent but also about whether a player is confident when he plays," Djourou said.
"When you have a bad result it is a normal thing to ask yourself, 'Am I good enough?'. All these sorts of questions are in your head.
"When you win a game like the Tottenham match it gives you a buzz because you are coming from a down point to a very high point, so it makes a big difference. We need to keep going that way."
Watch the full interview with Johan on Arsenal Player.Copyright 2017 The Arsenal Football Club plc. Permission to use quotations from this article is granted subject to appropriate credit being given to www.arsenal.com as the source


text:
'"We were not very good," Laviolette said. "They came out with their back against the wall, they played a real sharp first period, we didn't respond and that was disappointing because we have a lot of veteran players in there. Everybody tried to take it to the next step, we did not respond well in the first period at all."'
'Canes know the stakes
May 31, 2006 Submitted by
Via: NHL.com


text:
Bypass the box office line at many theaters with guaranteed advance tickets. If something comes up, you can return or exchange them up until the posted showtime.
Earn rewards points from our partners, including AMC Stubs, Regal Crown Club and more.
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Looking for movie tickets? Enter your location to see which movie theaters are playing Matru ki Bijlee ka Mandola near you.
The lives of rich industrialist Harry Mandola (Pankaj Kapur), his daughter Bijlee (Anushka Sharma), and his right-hand man are changed in ways they never could have foreseen after Bijlee gets engaged to the son (Arya Babbar) of a prominent politician (Shabana Azmi). ~ Jason Buchanan, Rovi


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Professor Erdman came to IPFW in 1974 and retired as associate professor emerita of nursing in 2000. She received degrees from Ohio Dominican (B.S.N., 1958) and Ball State University (M.A., 1976).
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text:
Hey TDH Members,
I have a question that I can't seem to find an anwser to. I recently got some chest armor with a light board in it. Its marked as "Fettboard V1.0". I can't find any information anywhere on it, and google hasn't helped either.
The board has not attached power, and I am trying to get it functional. I got a power source hooked up, but it wasn't displaying right.
Does anyone have any information or insight to this item?


text:
Reset My Password
This will send a password reset to your email address on file. A reminder that your email address on your account must be valid and working to receive the reset request.
We would love to hear your feedback and any suggestions you may have for our new VWVortex store.
Let us know if there is a color option you would like added or a particular merchandise item you would like to see in the store. Have you had a chance to buy an item from our store? Then we want to hear what you think about the merchandise you bought.
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text:
The trouble with Mill Creek Canyon is that most visitors go to the same places at the same times.
So even though traffic counts are much lower there than in Big Cottonwood or Little Cottonwood canyons, cars inevitably bunch up at a few picnic areas and trailheads during the summer and at a gate by the Maple Grove picnic area during the winter.
Finding a way to disperse those crowds was the primary goal of a study the consulting firm Fehr & Peers completed last year for Salt Lake County.
Not only would it reduce environmental damage from people parking along the narrow canyon road whenever parking lots filled up, but it also would lessen the dangers faced by the many cyclists and pedestrians who exercise there precisely because there are fewer vehicles to deal with than in Little Cottonwood or Big Cottonwood canyons.
The study reviewed three main ways of alleviating the problem:
• Change the way parking is managed, such as providing signage that gives visitors real-time updates of parking conditions.
• Increase use of mass transit by closing the upper canyon to vehicles and instituting a shuttle system of passenger vans.
• Introduce features that are bicycle and pedestrian friendly, such as an uphill bike lane.
"All the concepts introduced acknowledge that expansion of parking capacity is not a long-term solution," said the report authored by Fehr & Peers project manager Jon Nepstad. "It is reasonable to expect that expanded parking areas will inevitably become congested as they were before."
Instead, the study suggested more than a dozen measures that could be implemented in the near- and long-term to improve visitor experiences in Mill Creek.
Because overcrowding is a problem mainly on summer weekends, Salt Lake County and the U.S. Forest Service, which jointly manage the canyon, were encouraged to close the road above the "Winter Gate" at Maple Grove to vehicles on summer weekends, the main time overcrowding is a problem. Exceptions could be made for people with cabins in the canyon's upper reaches.
On a test basis, the government agencies could hire a contractor to provide 10- to 15-passenger vans, capable of carrying bikes and dogs, to provide access to trailheads and picnic sites between the Winter Gate and Big Water at the top of the canyon.
Eight vans, running every six minutes, could meet visitor demand, the study said, although more vans may be needed at the end of the day "to avoid leaving people stranded in the canyon."
If a pilot shuttle program succeeded in reducing congestion above the Winter Gate, it could be applied canyonwide on one day per weekend.
To make a shuttle system work, the study said, visitors would have to know in advance about its existence and about the real-time parking conditions that exist at various points in the canyon.
There also would be a need to expand the capacity of park-and-ride lots in the valley, possibly on Utah Department of Transportation property along Wasatch Boulevard or at Skyline High School.
Relaying up-to-date information about parking buildups in the canyon could be accomplished in a couple of ways, Fehr & Peers said.
County and Forest Service staff members could monitor parking lots and report their observations via handheld radios to a fee booth near the canyon mouth, where personnel could post the information.
A longer-term solution would be to improve cellular or satellite-communications systems in the canyon so traffic and parking data could be transmitted to electronic message signs at the base. This data could be collected by a portable trailer that would move between popular visitation sites.
Eventually, the study said, technological improvements could result in text message alerts being sent to people who frequent Mill Creek Canyon, similar to the messages that go out to skiers and snowboarders during the winter about the opening and closing of roads in the Cottonwood canyons.
During the winter, congestion problems in Mill Creek are limited to the area just below the Winter Gate, where people park before heading uphill, usually on cross country skis or snowshoes.
Moving the gate lower in the canyon to a point just east of the Terraces parking lot would provide more parking spaces than the 25-30 available in the current location. It also would provide more room for vehicles to turn around, the study said.
Fehr & Peers included several recommendations to enhance bicycle and pedestrian safety, noting that "road cycling is an ideal activity to encourage in Mill Creek Canyon since it represents a way for people to utilize public lands" without producing air pollution and occupying the canyon's limited parking spaces.
The most expensive approaching $700,000 would involve developing an uphill bike lane from the fee booth to the current Winter Gate. In some areas, the study said, that would require acquiring right of way, stream alterations, clearing vegetation and widening the pavement to accommodate a bike lane.
Since many cyclists can go downhill almost as fast as motorists, the study recommended signs be installed showing that cyclists are entitled to use the whole lane in areas where there are blind curves and inadequate shoulders.
The report added that pedestrian safety could be enhanced, particularly in the heavily used area shared by the Church Fork trailhead and Box Elder picnic grounds, by reducing the speed limit there to 25 or 20 mph and installing solar-powered "feedback" signs that tell motorists how fast they are going.
Several transportation concepts were examined but rejected in the study.
That included the idea of building a cable-propelled transit system, in which people would park in the valley then take a gondola or tram to different centers of activity.
"The cost of building this system was considered to be out-of-scale with the degree of the problems experienced in Mill Creek Canyon," the study said, adding it also would have more environmental impacts and likely would face considerable resistance.
Installing parking meters at different lots also would be expensive and would require an enforcement staff to monitor payments and parking rules, while increasing the canyon-use fee (now $3 per vehicle) would not help disperse visitors from overcrowded to under-utilized areas and would discriminate against lower-income people, the report noted.
In its recommendation, Fehr & Peers recommended testing the upper canyon summer shuttle and several smaller measures in pilot programs this summer. But Nepstad said those projects are on hold because no money is available.
"We went after one [federal] grant but were not successful. The projects didn't have enough oomph to carve out money for them," he said. "They're all great ideas, but getting them over the goal line is always the hard part, especially in these times."
At this point, it's uncertain whether funding for any of these projects might be freed up by the impending "Access Wasatch" environmental impact statement that will examine central Wasatch Front transportation issues in detail.
email@example.com: @sltribmikeg
Editor's note
This is the second of three stories looking at a trio of studies, completed last fall under the auspices of Salt Lake County, that laid a foundation for an environmental impact statement (EIS) expected to provide a comprehensive examination of transportation issues in the central Wasatch Mountains. The groundwork studies dealt with transportation to and within Big Cottonwood and Little Cottonwood canyons, parking in and around those canyons and transportation issues in Mill Creek Canyon. This story addresses Mill Creek.


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Our cake was beautiful and delicious!!! We think it was the best tasting wedding...
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This was the best wedding cake I have ever tasted. You will also be very pleased ...
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Posted by Benjamin Ensor on the eBusiness & Channel Strategy Professionals Blog on May 19, 2012
These are worrying times for people across Europe as the euro lurches towards another crisis, with leaders talking openly about the possibility of Greece leaving the euro and reports of customers starting to withdraw deposits from banks in Greece and Bankia in Spain.
It's easy to feel powerless in the face of such powerful forces, but fundamentally the repeated euro crises are about two things: debt and confidence. Lots of individuals, small companies, banks and governments across Europe have a large amount of debt, and lenders -- depositors, investors and other banks -- aren't completely confident that all of them will be able to pay it back. It's critical to avoid a vicious spiral of declining confidence that will harm Europe's economic prospects and the livelihoods of its peoples.
What can bank eBusiness executives do about it? Remember that you control two of your bank's critical communication channels: the website and email. Use them to reassure customers. How?


text:
Gas Price Hike Relatively Modest from Iraq Chaos
The price of gas in San Antonio is jumping due to continued unrest in both Iraq and the Ukraine, but oil industry experts say the real story is the fact that the crippling violence in Iraq, which is the world's eighth largest oil producer, has caused prices to rise so little, 1200 WOAI news reports.
"These political problems in the Middle East just don't affect global oil markets and the U.S. oil markets nearly to the extent that they did in the past," said Bud Weinstein of the McGuire Energy Institute at SMU.
Triple-A says the average price of gas in San Antonio today is $3.43 a gallon. That's up a nickel from last Friday, and actually down fractionally from the price yesterday.
This despite the fact that the flow of oil from Russia, which is the largest oil producer in the world, has been disrupted by the unrest in the Ukraine and Iraq is in chaos, with that country's largest oil refinery in the midst of vicious combat.
Weinstein says the real story is the fact that increased oil production in the U.S. especially in the fracking fields of the Eagle Ford and the Cline Shale, has helped to balance what used to be sometimes violent fluctuations in world oil markets.
"The big difference is that oil production in the United States has increased almost 100 percent in the last five years," Weinstein told 1200 WOAI news.
The price of gas today is only six cents higher than it was on June 20 of last year, when Iraq and the Ukraine were relatively quiet.
"For people who are living on the margins, who are living paycheck to paycheck, if you are paying an extra $10 to $20 to buy gas to get you to work, that is still a real burden," he said.
Experts say had this unrest happened before the U.S. fracking boom, we would easily be paying $4 a gallon in San Antonio, and prices higher than that would not have been out of the question.


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|General Car Chat Lounge Discussion Forum relating to nonspecific Ford Focus models, car purchasing, auto industry news and any car talk.
|Topic Review (Newest First)
|Capt. Obvious!
These cars still have a purpose to serve, some may make perfectly fine daily drivers others could be good for projects, and yet others could be used for parts. Any time you are buying a used car you should inspect it thuroughly, especially if buying from a used car dealer as they tend to get most of their cars from auctions.
water damage is generally pretty easy to spot. first look for obvious things like a water line staining the interior or light housing full of water on a car too new to have bad seals, then of course look for rust or corrosion. Check the oil to make sure it isn't milky (and trans fluid if automatic). then look for sand, silt, and mud hiding in crevisis. don't be afraid to pull the carpet in the trunk/cargo area back either, a lot of times if you pull the liner away from the sides in those areas you can fit you hand down in the rear quarter panel, these areas will often collect water or mud in a flood car and it will stay there forever if no one pulls the carpet back. Another easy thing to check is the drain plugs, Most cars have drain plugs on the floor boards and throughout the enderside of the chassis. Normally these will have some undercoating on them, If you look carefully you may notice signs that they have been removed, this could indicate a flood car.
Now these things don't necessarily mean it was in fact a flood car or even that it is not a good car, but they are signs of a possible flood car and should definitely be used as leverage for a better deal.
|I've got an idea... lets ship them all to long beach. let the buyer beware there
Glad your son called his insurance agent, some companies won't insure salvage vehicles, and you want to know that before buying.
I don't think the government has any role trying to enact laws to protect consumers from their own stupidity.
If you can't evaluate a used car properly, have a pro give it a look over. If you do neither of those and buy junk, well that's your own fault. If it is still too frightening or risky, buy or lease a new car with a warantee, even if it is a cheap econobox.
Every single person I have known that bought a salvage vehicle did it because they wanted what is too good to be true. They had a Kia budget but wanted a Cadillac, so they buy a "smoking deal" salvage vehicle so they can drive more car then they could have afforded. Some had major problems, some did not. All of them were told by the seller that the car was salvaged due to a "minor accident" which required a willing desire to believe on the part of the buyer.
|Focus YBTC
We've been through this situation after every major hurricane and salt water flooded cars HAVE BEEN SOLD later to unsuspecting buyers, often in different states where the "flooded" status of the car may not be apparent with a title from that different state. In cases like this the government (aka "We the People") is not an enemy and can help protect citizens from unscrupulous sellers of flooded cars.
The current owners have all the right in the world to return as much value from those junk cars as they can, by auctioning them off for scrapyards or restoration.
If there were some law preventing flood damage vehicles from being sold as flood damaged vehicles (as was suggested), then the current owners of the junk cars get screwed when $2000 junk parts car becomes $40 worth of junk steel.
I took it you were talking the owners losing their investment, or who were you talking lose their investment?
So you want the government to pay the current owners of the vehicles, or should they be forced to lose their investment?
Banks aren't going to give you that kind of money and say "sure, we'll trust you. go ahead and get liability".
And finding full coverage on a performance car like a gt500 you repair yourself... good luck, performance/exotics/specialty they'll usually want an itemized repair list (usually one of their appraisers) and certified repairs (someone they can go back at if a problem arises. I.E. electrical fire). Or they will only cover what you paid for it, no more. Each insurance is different however.
A low dollar car, insurance probably wouldn't have that big of an issue with.
Now if your looking for a cheap track car... game the hell on! strip it and flog the hell out of it
The insurance companies OWN those junk cars.
They can sell them at auction as "parts cars" or whatever you want to call recovering maximum scrap value from their investment. That does not imply that they need to sell them as scrap steel shreds.
The owners (insurance companies) would lose their investment if the government did step in and make some dumb law about flood damaged vehicles not being able to be auctioned off as salvage vehicles.
I don't know how this is confusing to you.
Originally Posted by elsolo
So you want the government to pay the current owners of the vehicles, or should they be forced to lose their investment?
Should this be done only for big floods, or anytime insurance totals out a vehicle?
What other personal property rights do you favor eliminating?
you make it sound like the owners are going to lose everything on their vehicle if the govt doesn't step in and do something.
And then you turn around and say the same thing I did... scrap. you just put it as scrap value. I said turn itno metal shards... a scrap yard would do that now wouldn't they, or does your neighbor happen to have a shredder in his back yard? (even if he did he sell it for scrap).
If you're able to, buying a salvaged car with flood damage can be a good investment.
I've seen people buy Shelby GT500's that were salvaged because of flood damage. The only thing wrong with them was the electronics. Replace that and you've got a 500+hp muscle car for a fraction of the cost. Do you run the risk of future problems? Yes of course, but buying a 50,000 dollar muscle car at an auction for less than $20k with $2k of repairs seems like a bargain, yeah? You won't be able to get full-coverage insurance, but you may be able to get collision coverage or at the very least liability so even that will be cheaper. You don't pay property tax on salvaged titles either.
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StudioNow Wins ADDY Awards, Launches New Website
May 9, 2012
StudioNow videos just won five ADDY Awards from the American Advertising Federation, including a Gold Award. Digital ad agency Moxie, which called on StudioNow to create video ads for Verizon's powerful 4G LTE network, took home the local ADDYs in the Atlanta market for its "Weightlifter" video (see below) and four others.
The ADDYs, which are judged on creative excellence, are said to be the world's largest advertising competition.
StudioNow's videos were selected from 250 entries by a panel of ad execs. Winners move on to the regional competition and possibly the national competition.
Moxie and StudioNow are currently planning the next round of award-worthy content. Check out a behind-the-scenes look at how some of last year's ADDY-winning videos were produced.
And be sure to visit the refreshed, all-new StudioNow website to see more videos and integrated social-sharing features. The new site was built on the Blogsmith content management system and uses the 5min video player for organization/playback of all video content.


text: Every year, the National Restaurant Association hosts a big show inside McCormick Place in Chicago. It's where food vendors, manufacturers, marketers and, really, anyone who's in the business of food comes to find out the latest, greatest, and biggest new products and ideas. The Food Channel has produced this documentary series in order to give you a little of the behind-the-scenes flavor of the show. We'll tell you the history as well as the trends that we saw emerging on the show floor, and perhaps whet your appetite for more trade information from those in the know. Enjoy, learn, and experience the National Restaurant Association at its best!


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Cadets Compute at UAF
Fairbanks, Alaska -- Caleb Williams and Dave Balcom aren't your usual kind of Alaska tourists. The two West Point Military Academy Cadets arrived in Fairbanks last week to spend the next three weeks intensively learning about supercomputing in an academic environment.
Williams and Balcom will be working with the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at UAF as part of a coordinated effort by the Department of Defense's High Performance Computing Modernization Office to increase collaboration between military and academic research units.
The two cadets will work with ARSC staff to develop a suite of example programs demonstrating techniques of parallel programming using different computer languages and architectures. Parallel programming is used to solve large computational problems such as ocean modeling, galaxy formation, climate change and a number of other large research projects.
"We are pleased to host such high-caliber students at the center," said Barbara Horner-Miller, ARSC's associate director. "This is a great opportunity for both the center and the cadets."
Caleb Williams, a junior computer science major at West Point and Dave Balcom, a senior computer engineering student, will spend the next three weeks working on ARSC systems and learning from staff, researchers and other students. The two will also have a chance to tour the COPE Thunder facility at Eielson Air Force base, and attend lectures and presentations on the UAF campus.
"I'm excited to come to Alaska, as it has always been a dream of mine," said Williams. "I look forward to seeing what role computer science plays in the 'real world.'"
The cadets will also learn about life at a civilian university, through living in the UAF dorms, and spending time with ARSC's five other summer student interns.
"Like most cadets, I'm curious to see what 'real' college life is like," said Williams. "The day after my Alaska internship I go to a ten-day air assault school, and then back to West Point."
If this program is successful, ARSC hopes to host more cadets in the future. ARSC is part of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the Department of Defense High Performance Computing and Modernization Program.


text: From what I've read (never shot one yet) the ballistics are very similar. The advantage I would see for myself, one with small hands, is that the grip can be thinner but still provide you with the .45 caliber. I think .45 die hards will say, "No way!" but many PD's are adding them to there forces.


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Fruit and Cream Parfaits RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
Parfaits are one of prettiest looking desserts with the layers of fruit and cream. This recipe is no exception and tastes delicious.—Jeannette Mack, Rushville, New York
Recommended: Our Berriest Breakfasts
- 1 cup heavy whipping cream
- 3 tablespoon sugar
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- Dash salt
- 1 cup (8 ounces) sour cream
- 1 can (21 ounces) cherry, strawberry, raspberry or blueberry pie filling, divided
- In a bowl, whip cream until soft peaks form. Gradually add sugar, vanilla an salt; beat until stiff peaks form. Fold in sour cream. Set aside six cherries from pie filling.
- Spoon half of the remaining pie filling into parfait glasses; top with half of the cream mixture. Repeat layers. Top with reserved cherries. Yield: 6 servings.
Originally published as Fruit and Cream Parfaits in Best of Country Potluck Recipes 2002
Sweet White Wine
Enjoy this recipe with a sweet white wine such as Moscato or a sweet Riesling.
Reviews for Fruit and Cream Parfaits
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Any changes to your rating or review will appear where you originally posted your review


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Is Your 401(k) Foolish?
Related Links
Discussion Boards
For many, a properly used 401(k) plan is an integral part of any completely Foolish retirement. But just because your employer offers a 401(k) or other deferred compensation plan (like a 403(b)), that doesn't mean there's anybody in your office that will tell you what to do with it.
Enter the Fools. We're happy to share our knowledge about 401(k)s, and in this tidy little collection we very much believe you'll find out everything you need to know about your 401(k). In fact, for the truly lazy, we've packed all the real information into the first 100 words of the first step. How's that for brevity?
But, hey, we realize that there may be some individual questions that you may have that aren't covered in this concise little package. So if you've read our whole collection here and still wonder, "Hey, what's up with my 401(k)?" bounce on over to our 401(k) discussion board and post away with any questions that come to mind. Or give our Rule Your Retirement service a 30-day free trial, which includes access to all the Fool discussion boards, plenty of good advice about how to invest your money, and some cool, whizbang financial-planning tools.


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The National Center for Safe Routes to School has released new resources to assist local communities in evaluating their Safe Routes to School programs. The Center has launched the Evaluation section within the SRTS Guide available at www.saferoutesinfo.org/guide/evaluation.
The new section includes a step-by-step process for conducting an evaluation with an accompanying worksheet for program implementers to organize their program information for each step. It also reviews the benefits of evaluation and how the timing of evaluation corresponds to the life of a SRTS program.
Readers are also given an overview of commonly used ways to collect data, including the standardized data collection forms developed by the Center in 2007. The Student Travel Tally is used to identify frequency of various transportation modes for travel to school. The Parent Survey, also available in a Spanish-language version, measures parent attitudes that may influence whether children are allowed to walk or bicycle to school.
Using these forms, programs can either enter their own data into the Center's Web-based data entry system available at www.saferoutesinfo.org/tracking or send completed data collection forms to the Center for processing. Using this information, programs are able to generate reports about their SRTS activities. The Center will also be able to establish baseline information from which program elements will be evaluated.
These new resources are a component of a comprehensive national research program launched by the Center to determine the impact of Safe Routes to School programs. The research program will result in the collection of nationwide SRTS-related data and the identification of effective SRTS strategies.
Additional elements of the Center's research program include:


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'"I knew last night when we got the call at midnight and you've got seven guys with food poisoning you don't have much chance of winning," Ruff said in Scotiabank Place. "I'm not going to make an excuse, but we had guys this morning that couldn't come to the pregame, couldn't come to the pregame meeting, and it showed. There were guys that typically skate a lot better who couldn't skate."'
Ailing Sabres yield to Senators
December 17, 2009 Submitted by
Via: Buffalo News


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It's Christmas morning. Presents are unwrapped and the family is hanging out in their pajamas surveying gifts. A homemade cup of hot chocolate is just the thing to cap off the morning, especially if it's a snowy or cold Christmas.
In fact, the perfect cup of hot chocolate is something to enjoy throughout the winter.
Peppermint hot chocolate is a great seasonal treat, but if you buy enough candy canes during the post-Christmas sales, you can enjoy the flavor long after the holiday is over.
After looking at the recipe for peppermint hot chocolate, I'll admit I took a few short cuts. Most notably I skipped the double broiler method of melting chocolate and went straight to the microwave.
At first I thought this was a lot of work just for a cup of hot chocolate, but then I tasted the result. It was the best cup of hot chocolate I have ever tasted. The whipped cream on top made it even better.
In fact, I only intended to taste the cup of hot chocolate for the column and take photos, but it was so good I finished a giant cup of it.
If you have any of these ingredients around Christmas morning, or something that can substitute well, I highly recommend making a cup as a post-present frenzy treat.
Peppermint flavoring also might taste good in a warm cup of coffee. Peppermint whipped cream also could be fun to add as.
There are other things you can try to change up hot chocolate. One recipe adds red food coloring to make red velvet cocoa. Other colors add a fun twist. Using different colors, shapes of sprinkles or flavoring in the whipped cream are other ways you can make hot chocolate special.
Sometimes it's not just about the hot chocolate, but fun things you can make to go with it, too.
There are a variety of treats you can make to dip or melt into hot chocolate, but marshmallow dippers are pretty easy to make. I found paper straws at Michaels, but I'm sure any type of straw or wooden pick would work.
You simply put the marshmallow on the end of the straw or skewer and dip the other end in chocolate. Sprinkles add a festive touch.
Becca Owsley can be reached at (270) 505-1741 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Candy Manor Peppermint Hot Chocolate (Adapted from Lora Brody's "Chocolate American Style")
Makes 4 to 6 servings
Whipped Cream
1 cup (8 ounces) heavy cream, chilled
2 tablespoons powdered sugar
1/4 teaspoon peppermint extract
2 tablespoons crushed peppermint candy
Hot Chocolate
3 ounces unsweetened chocolate, grated
1 quart (32 ounces) whole milk
1/3 cup (3 ounces) sugar
1/3 cup (3 ounces) boiling water
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 teaspoon peppermint extract
Candy canes, garnish
For the whipped cream, place the cream, powdered sugar and peppermint extract in a chilled mixing bowl and beat on high speed until soft peaks form. Use a rubber spatula to fold in the crushed candy. Refrigerate the whipped cream.
For the hot chocolate, place the chocolate in a 2 1/2-quart metal mixing bowl. Place the bowl over (but not touching) a pan of simmering water. The bowl will seem large, but you need the space to mix in the milk. Stir the chocolate occasionally with a rubber spatula.
In the meantime, pour the milk into a heavy-bottomed 2-quart saucepan. Whisk in the sugar and cook over medium heat, stirring occasionally, until the milk begins to simmer and bubbles form around the edge. Turn off the heat.
When the chocolate has melted, reduce the heat so the water under the pan barely simmers. Pour the 1/3 cup of boiling water into the melted chocolate and whisk or beat with an electric mixer until smooth. Dribble in the hot milk mixture as you whisk. When the ingredients are well incorporated, remove the bowl from the water bath and stir in the vanilla and peppermint.
To serve, ladle the hot chocolate into mugs and top with a generous dollop of the whipped cream. Garnish with a candy cane.
Red Velvet Hot Chocolate
Hot chocolate
4 cups of milk
Splash of water
3/4 cups of premium semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 teaspoon of red food coloring paste
Whipped cream
1 cup of heavy whipping cream
1 tablespoon of sugar
1 teaspoon of whipped cream cheese
In a medium mixing bowl or a stand-up mixer, pour in heavy whipping cream and sugar. Whip on medium with the whisk attachment for two to three minutes. Just before it peaks, add the teaspoon of whipped cream cheese and whisk for another two minutes. Taste the whipped cream and add more cream cheese to taste. If you like it more tart, add another 1/2 teaspoon, just be careful to not over whip or you'll have butter on your hands in no time.
In a medium saucepan, heat the milk over medium heat. Add a splash of water and the chocolate chips, constantly stirring gently. When almost melted, add the red food coloring paste and stir some more. The color should be a deep red. When the chocolate chips are all melted, pour the hot chocolate in four mugs and top with the whipped cream.
Hot Chocolate Dippers
Large marshmallows
Drinking straws
Melting chocolate
Skewer marshmallows on the straws then melt chocolate in a small microwave-safe bowl.
Dip marshmallows, leaving white tops exposed. Lift sticks straight up, letting excess chocolate drip off.
Cool briefly on waxed paper but dip the chocolate end of the marshmallow into the sprinkles while the chocolate is slightly hot.
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The Weekly Health Quiz: Pool Parasites, Death Rattle and Food as Medicine
June 23, 2017
An oropharynx lesion biopsy is surgery in which tissue from an abnormal growth or mouth sore is removed and checked for problems.
Throat lesion biopsy; Biopsy - mouth or throat; Mouth lesion biopsy
Painkiller or numbing medicine is first applied to the area. For large sores or sores of the throat, general anesthesia may be needed. This means you will be asleep during the procedure.
All or part of the problem area (lesion) is removed. It is sent to the laboratory to check for problems. If a growth in the mouth or throat needs to be removed, the biopsy will be done first. This is followed by the actual removal of the growth.
If a simple painkiller or local numbing medicine is to be used, there is no special preparation. If the test is part of a growth removal or if general anesthesia is used, you will likely be told not to eat for 6 - 8 hours before the test.
You may feel pressure or tugging while the tissue is being removed. After the numbness wears off, the area may be sore for a few days.
This test is done to determine the cause of a sore (lesion) in the throat.
This test is only done when there is an abnormal tissue area.
If there is bleeding, the blood vessels may be sealed (cauterized) with an electric current or laser.
Avoid hot or spicy food after the biopsy.
Harréus U. Malignant neoplasms of the oropharynx. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA; Elsevier Mosby; 2010:chap 100.


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Explore the collection
Coats, bags and shoes from the new collection
Coats, clothing and accessories
The full collection for girls
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From hats and scarves to satchels and backpacks
Personalised presents for little ones
Introducing the new childrenswear collection: playful pieces inspired by the February runway.
Chic designs for 6 months–3 years.
New-season styles for 6 months–3 years.
The Burberry sale
Wrap up with soft cashmere scarves in a rainbow of colour.
They will keep right as rain in our signature coat.
Clothes, shoes and gifts for new arrivals.


text: Ruffle Peplum Coverup Style: 570081460 Out of Stock Love it? Everyone else did too. This item sold out! Use our search tool, chat online or call 1.877.948.2525 to find something equally desirable. Front ties close this soft coverup at the smallest part of the waist, and a double ruffled peplum flares prettily atop hips. 72% Rayon, 28% Nylon. Machine wash. Imported. Stretch fit. Banded edge follows neckline and open front before splitting into ties. 3/4 sleeve. Hits at the upper hip (24.25" from shoulder). Read More… Share on Facebook Tweet Pin


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Live Fantasy Chat
Fantasy Island
Live Fantasy Chat
The MMQB's fantasy experts Eric Edholm and Alessandro Miglio are here to take your questions and offer Week 14 advice
If you're reading this, it means you're in the playoffs. Which means you're probably agonizing over lineup decisions. Alessandro Miglio and Eric Edholm have you covered. Every Sunday from the 10:30 a.m. ET – 12:30 p.m. ET, they'll be taking your last-minute questions on who to start, who to sit and anything else fantasy related you might want to know.
Just join Alessandro and Eric in the comments section below to get all the info you need to win the day. You should also check out SportsIllustrated.com's excellent fantasy coverage for more of the advice you need to win Week 14.