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Sorry to cross post... I reallized after posting in the Mk IV section I should have posted here.
Ok so check this out. 2001 Jetta 2.0 GL manual trans, manual windows, AZG engine code. production date 10/00, late 2001 production model. I am by no means a newbie mechanic, nor am I new to electrical troubleshooting but this ones insane. Ill give you the full backstory first in order to not waste anyones time. I know that some of these details may seem irrelevant, but you never know so here goes
A few weeks ago my little sister found herself in need of a car. After some looking, she and I found a super clean 2001 Jetta 2.0 stick shift with only 82,000 miles. I had a look over it and found no problems whatsoever aside from a battery in need of replacement. So she bought the car. The next day, we bought a brand new Oreilly battery and installed it in the car. The morning after that, the car decided not to start. It would crank over just fine, but it didnt even think about trying to start. My sister called me. I went over to look at it. Sure enough, the car was cranking over but wouldnt start. Everything else still worked fine, the lights, the stereo, the door locks, it just wouldn't start. I immediately noticed that the CEL and EPC lights were not illuminating with the key on. As Im sure you all know, with the key on, but engine off, CEL and EPC lights should illuminate. I found this strange so I plugged my laptop into it and tried to scan it with Vag-Com. (Im an Audi owner) No communication. Vag-Com was unaware that the car was even plugged in. I immediately figured the ECM must not be powering up.
So I run down a checklist in my head, ignition switch, ECM fuses, ECM relay, ECM wiring, or the ECM itself. These are really the only things it could be in my mind. ECM fuses are good. Wiring all appears to be good. I was doubtful that it was the ECM. So I figured probably ignition switch. Unfortunately, at this point the car decided it was done acting up and suddenly the ECM power returned and the car started and ran fine and the ECM had not stored any fault codes.
The next morning I get the same call from my sister. I go to her house and this time I just cycle the key a couple of times and the ECM power returns and the car decides to run. Not being supremely confident in my abilities, I took the car to a VW specialist shop in town to check it out. He looked at it and said that it is almost certainly the ignition switch. So we had him replace the switch. No change. The car stalled out almost immediately after the switch was installed. Still no trouble codes. After seeing that the ignition switch was not at fault, the mechanic offered to put the old switch back in a refund our money, but we knew the switch is a common problem in these cars, so we decided to leave the new switch in. The mechanic advised us that it was probably an ECM issue and recommended we take the car to the dealership. So we did. This is where things get more fun.
The dealership advises us that theyve seen this car before. In February of this year the car had been brought in for a similar issue by its previous owner. The issue was diagnosed as a bad ECM. So the ECM was replaced. The car didnt even make it a month from that time before the issue came back. The dealer then diagnosed it as a bad replacement ECM and replaced it again. They also advised me that if it turns out the ECM is bad, they will replace it for free under warranty. By this time the issue had become sporadically intermittent, so the dealer wasnt able to consistently replicate the issue in order to troubleshoot. The dealer kept the car for several days, after which they tried to tell me it was a bad fuel pump. I called bullsh!t on that and asked them how a bad fuel pump could cause the CEL to not illuminate with the key on, engine off. I told them it sounds like a bad ECM and that they should replace the ECM. So they call me back later and tell me its a fuel pump relay. I told them I was doubtful, but to go ahead and replace it.
I went to pick up the car, paid them their $180 and tried to drive away. I made it less than 2 blocks before the issue came back and the car stalled out again. I went back to the dealer and made them take the car back and refund my money. The next day I went in and talked to the dealers general manager and service manager. At this point they decided to go ahead and replace the ECM under warranty. So I got the car back last week with a bill of $0 thanks to the warranty and it seemed to be much better. For about 2 days.
For 2 days, it ran perfectly. Then the problem started up again. At this point though, the car wont just stall out and refuse to start. The problem is so intermittent that the only thing it does is briefly lose electrical power to the engine while driving, at which point, the engine dies, but then power comes back and the engine re-fires and keeps right on going. All of this in the span of less than a second. Its just enough to make the car buck momentarily, and then its fine.
So now Im figuring it must be an issue with ECM power or ground coming into the ECM. The ECM ground wire only travels about a foot from the ECM and attaches to the bulkhead near the wipers and its in fine shape, with no measurable resistance back to the battery. I also measured voltage at the back of the ECM harness while the car was running on both the ECM continuous power pin and the key-switched power pin. Good power at both, even when the car stumbles.
To add to the confusion, the car did something strange just a few minutes ago. The car has been sitting in my garage since last night. Just now I went out to take another look at it. When I opened the drivers door, the fuel pump cycled as if I had just turned the ignition on. The key wasnt even in the ignition. The pump just cycled on its own when I opened the door. I tried it again and now it isnt doing it. Maybe this has nothing to do with my issues but I thought it was worth mentioning.
So what am I left with? ANOTHER bad ECM? That seems highly unlikely and I doubt the dealer would replace the ECM again under warranty given the circumstances. Im stumped. If anybody has some real in depth experience with the electrical systems in this car and knows what might be causing this, please chime in. I dont want to be a jerk, but if you dont really absolutely know what you're talking about on this, please dont. Its not the O2 sensor, no matter what your mailmans brother-in-law says.


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This is a discussion on The posting of copyrighted material within the Forum News, Feedback, Problems & Comments forums, part of the DefensiveCarry.com Forum Office category; Originally Posted by dukalmighty I need to know how to post a link to a story/website,I used to just copy and paste it which is ...
1) Go to page of the story/article/website you want to post a link to.
2) With your mouse cursor, go to the top of your web browser to the address bar where the URL is listed and do a simple left button mouse click. This will highlight the complete web address of the page/article/website that is displayed on your browser. (http:// www. )
3) Once the URL/web address has been highlighted, hover your cursor over it and perform a right button mouse click. Scroll down the list and select copy. This will store or copy that URL address to your clipboard.
4) Now return to the Defensive Carry post you would like to insert the link and move your cursor to the portion of your post where you would like the link to appear.
5) Perform a right button mouse click and select paste and it will insert a link to that website into your post.
An alternative method to step #5 would be to complete everything up to step #4 then on the tool bar at the top of your post, you'll see a series of icons for Bold, Italics, Underline and all the rest. Click on the insert link icon (which is the first little globe, without the red X) It will open a "dialog box" which says "Please enter the URL of your link". Use the right mouse button and Paste the URL which you have already copied into that address bar. Then click OK and it will insert a link into your post at the point you last had your cursor.
I hope this helps!
Semper Fi
"The gun is the great equalizer... For it is the gun, that allows the meek to repel the monsters; Whom are bigger, stronger and without conscience, prey on those who without one, would surely perish."

subset: commoncrawl


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The Museum has collected these Primary Sources to supplement teaching WWII to your classes. Organized by subject, these galleries include photographs, documents, and other materials you can print out and use to enhance your WWII lessons.
Using Primary Sources: Guidelines for using primary documents when teaching WWII
Some Preliminary Considerations: Guidelines to consider before teaching about WWII
Primary Source Galleries
Student Travel – WWII Educational Tours
High school and college students, learn the leadership principles that helped win WWII on a trip to France or during a weeklong residential program in New Orleans. College credit is available, and space is limited.
See You Next Year! HS Yearbooks from WWII
Collected from across the United States, the words and pictures of these yearbooks present a new opportunity to experience the many challenges, setbacks and triumphs of the war through the eyes of America's youth.
The Victory Gardens of WWII
Visit the Classroom Victory Garden Project website to learn about food production during WWII, find lesson plans and activities for elementary students, get tips for starting your own garden and try out simple Victory Garden recipes!
The Science and Technology of WWII
Visit our new interactive website to learn about wartime technical and scientific advances that forever changed our world. Incorporates STEM principles to use in the classroom.
Kids Corner: Fun and Games!
Make your own propaganda posters, test your memory, solve puzzles and more! Learn about World War II and have fun at the same time.


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Classic design and bold structure converge! The Dalton group features a sandwiched and tapered wood cylinder suspended in air between a frame of crafted and stylish lines of structural steel . Merely touch the drawer face to activate and open the storage drawer in the cocktail table. A softly bowed triangular ½" thick clear glass top echoes the Dalton's geometric curves to enhance this powerful design statement. The cylinder is available in either a natural or java walnut finish. Choose a durable Elite powder-coat finish perfect for your living environment.
43.5d x 43w x 15h
Thickness: 1/2″ clear glass
Walnut Veneer


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Dandruff vs Dry Scalp
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Thursday, October 28, 2010 at 10:26PM
I just finished reading all of these threads and I will be going out to purchase GTTTT tomorrow! I've been struggling with curly-haired frizz and dry scalp for years now.
But because I am a newbie and starting from scratch...what is a good hair schedule to start with? Before now, I would shampoo AND condition every time I wash my hair (every other day or so) obviously with the wrong products. Starting fresh, what schedule should I follow using the GTTT shampoo and conditioning products?
Also, what are some good products to put on the hair while its damp after towel-drying. I have yet to find a product that helps with frizz. (I'm a little picky- I don't like the "wet" look on myself that comes with gels)
Any help is very much appreciated!!! Thanks


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Cadillac Audio, Video and Security Systems Discussion, Factory navigation/radio system question in Item Specific Cadillac Discussion; I just recently purchased a 2009 CTS4 with the factory navigation system. I have a question about it. I have ...
- 04-03-14 08:00 AM #1Cadillac Owners Member
- Automobile(s): 2009 CTS4
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Factory navigation/radio system question
I just recently purchased a 2009 CTS4 with the factory navigation system. I have a question about it.
I have a USB flash drive full of music that I want to use. The songs work fine, the tags seem to be correct, but the track order is all messed up in the full albums I have on there.
Is there any way to correct this?
The tags seem to be filled out fine, with the correct track names and numbers. I tried putting the track number in the beginning of the filename, but that still did not work. I do have the older 2.01 software still. Could that be an issue?
Re: Factory navigation/radio system question
Matto, what software are you using to tag your media?
Re: Factory navigation/radio system question
These programs I found online. MP3Tag and MusicBrainz Picard. Some in windows itself as well. MB Picard hunts down the correct tags by scanning the song and comparing it to a database. MP3tag lets me mass edit the tag and filenames into something uniform.
- 06-12-15 11:23 AM #4Cadillac Owners Enthusiast
- Automobile(s): CTS 2008 3.6DI Sport Luxury
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Can Anyone know the solution for this irritating issue?
- 10-18-15 05:45 PM #5Cadillac Owners Member
- Automobile(s): 2011 STS
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Re: Factory navigation/radio system question
Can you move the songs to the root folder? Seems like that would correct any problems.


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Magic City – NATPE 2012
This morning I got to attend a panel conversation with the Executive Producer/writer and actors of Magic City, a new period drama set in late 1950s Miami. The story follows the lifestyles of mobsters, heiresses and working ladies and the inner workings of the hotel scene and life in 1950s Miami.
The show will be aired on Starz in April 2012 and the first season will be eight (or ten) episodes. The show runner sees a future in this series and hopes to follow the characters and the city through the Kennedy assassination in the early sixties.
The uniqueness of this show is that it is one of the few Miami-based shows to actually be shot in the city of Miami. As you may know, Dexter is set in Miami, yet shot in Long Beach, California. Starz has built an almost identical replica of the hotels needed for shooting here in Miami Beach. As mentioned by the executive producer, Mitch Glazer, an individual coming to the set often thought it was an actual hotel. He joked that some of the Golden Globes representatives might still be there.
The big name actor tied to this show is Jeffrey Dean Morgan. Take a look at IMDB for Morgan to see just how many things you might recognize him from. Most recently, network television watchers might recall his characters on Grey's Anatomy and Supernatural.
A writer for the Miami Herald was moderating the panel and commented on the music licensed for the show. The executive producer, Mitch Glazer, commented on the authenticity needed in the music of the era: His trick, include the music he wanted in the temps sent to Starz, so that the producers seek out the licensing. For one scene in the series opener, Bobby Darin's tune "Beyond the Sea" was licensed for a pool scene. I would imagine this was somewhere between $35k-$100k to use this one song.
So, the question is: Will this show make it through the Kennedy assassination? Or will season one be it's one and only?
Even though the user rating on IMDB is 4/10, I still plan on checking it out in April. Mainly because period dramas on premium cable can be quite a treat.


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From the TV 5 Forecast Center:
Clouds will continue to increase this afternoon as a warm front pushes towards the region. A few scattered showers are possible later this afternoon and evening as well. Temperatures will be a bit cooler today due to more clouds in the area and an onshore wind. Highs will range from the mid-50s to low 60s, coolest along the coast. Shower chances will gradually increase during the night tonight as the warm front continues to moves towards New England.
Low pressure is forecast to pass to our north Saturday and pull a cold front across the state late in the day and into Saturday night. Showers associated with the front will be most numerous during the morning hours then become scattered during the afternoon. Despite the clouds and showers Saturday, temperatures will be mild with highs in the 60s inland and upper 50s along the coast. Our weather will improve on Sunday as low pressure moves away from the state. We could see a few showers over northern areas as an upper level disturbance passes to the north otherwise expect a brighter and drier day with temperatures in the mid-60s to low 70s for highs. A weak disturbance moving through the area Monday will give us a few clouds and possibly a shower. Temperatures will remain very mild Monday with highs possibly reaching the mid-70s in spots.
Rest of Today: increasing clouds. A few scattered showers possible. Highs between 57°-64°, coolest along the coast. South/southeast wind around 10 MPH.
Tonight: mostly cloudy with scattered showers. Lows in the 40s. South wind around 10 MPH.
Saturday: mostly cloudy with showers likely during the morning then scattered showers during the afternoon. Highs between 58°-69°, coolest along the coast. South wind around 10 MPH becoming southwest.
Sunday: partly to mostly sunny, most clouds north. A shower possible up north. Mild with highs between 65°-73°.
Monday: variably cloudy with a few showers possible. Highs in the mid-60s to mid-70s.
Tuesday: morning showers then brightening skies. Highs in the upper 50s along the coast, 60s inland.
Todd Simcox
WABI TV 5 & The CW


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Big Day Out promoters are "devastated" by Blur's 11th hour decision to pull out of the Australian summer touring festival.
It is likely the band's three-year reunion may have run its course.
The British band were to join Pearl Jam and Arcade Fire as a headliner on the 2014 line-up but ambushed organisers with their cancellation via social media yesterday.
Blur pointed the finger at "shifting goalposts" in their Facebook announcement, which shocked Big Day Out promoters said left them "devastated and confused".
NEWS: Blur pull out of Big Day Out
BEFORE: Big Day Out sales struggling
Sources suggest the band may have been referring to the festival promoters wishing to cancel a third main stage which had been designed to accommodate having three marquee acts on the bill.
It is believed a dispute erupted when Blur were told they would perform either before or after Arcade Fire.
"We've done our very best to work with the organisers and considered every option to make it happen, but they've let us down and let everyone else down too," Blur posted on Facebook.
But a series of tweets with fans last night by Soundwave supremo AJ Maddah, who bought into Big Day Out a few months ago, suggest the Blur reunion may have run its course.
"That's the feeling I get. Not sure why they would blame festival when all everyone here has done is kiss their ass," Maddah posted in reply to a fan who asked if Blur may be breaking up again.
He also said the organisers had made every effort to accommodate Blur's demands "within the possibility of curfews & public safety."
Maddah and his American BDO partners C3 Present, have been trying to whip the festival into shape since taking over from co-founder Ken West.
When the line-up was announced a few months ago West revealed that he never expected to get all three headliners to agree to the event when he went after them.
Usually there are two major acts who close the main stages.
West said when he met with the band in Mexico earlier this year Blur frontman Damon Albarn had been reluctant to continue with the reunion as he wanted to focus on his solo album due in 2014.
The band did not do interviews to promote their return to Australia for the first shows in 17 years.
Maddah said Blur also knocked back offers to do side shows during their festival run which would have increased their purse from the Australian tour.
Big Day Out organisers plan to announce a replacement and Maddah has promised fans via Twitter that those unhappy with the new act will be able to secure refunds.
"Who gives a hoot about profit at this point. It's about protecting the show and the fans who put their trust in BDO," Maddah tweeted.


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Mickey With Strings
We all have our dirty little secrets. Some people dress up in women's clothes like J. Edgar Hoover; some people tell their vegetarian children that the cow they are eating is a soy burger. Some people just love Disney stuff. They've seen every movie; they've been to Disney World more than once, or twice, or seven times. They know most every song, from the one that Sean Connery sang in Darby O'Gill and the Little People to the more mainstream vocal renderings of Sebastian the crab extolling the virtues of life under the sea. The Dallas Symphony Orchestra is having a concert that caters to just these people. Conducted by Richard Kaufman, the group will be performing the music of Disney from classics like The Little Mermaid and Cinderella (and also Pinocchio, but I can't list that as a plus because I hate that movie. What's more disturbing than being swallowed by a whale? Seeing a wooden boy--and I've never understood how this was possible--turn into a donkey thing. Yikes.) The concert will entail listening to the music while original artwork from the films appears on the screen at the Meyerson Symphony Center. Tickets are $22 to $105. The show begins starts at 8 p.m. Visit dallassymphony.com.
Fri., Oct. 31, 8 p.m.; Sat., Nov. 1, 8 p.m.; Sun., Nov. 2, 2:30 p.m., 2008
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Has anyone had good luck with Angell? I tried it a few months ago and hated. I actually was going to try and swap it this week, but just for grins I decided to give it another go. Omgoodness! I am loving it! Ok I varied my routine a little, but basically I wash 1x wk with MBS, the CO then HCC then CO then ACV then CO and on Sunday night I DT (ohh loving the jessicurl WDT and honey!) I have been rinsing upside down with cold water (Thanks Kimberly!) then adding a dime size DevaOne, then the re:coil, scrunch the drips, B&A, scrunch the drips and then Angell. I used way more angell today than yesterday, oversquirted, but both days may hair was great. No frizz today, on a pretty humid day, and yesterday was more natural waves/curles and plenty of volume! whoo hoo. I will post some pictures of today's hair, but it wasn't fully dry so the volume wasn't there yet, but once it dried the volume was great!
Just thought I'd share :)
We sound like we have similar routines and I use and like Angell. I don't like it that much in the winter but it's awesome for me in the humid summer weather, preferably over a leave-in. I really like Angell. I used it last night together with B&A gel and that's a great combo. I saw a couple of people mention it on here.
eta: http://naturallycurly2.com/phpBB/vie...&highlight=pvp
that's a link to an interesting, informative post about Angell/angell type ingredients that was on here a little while back. :)
(footsteps).........door slamming......car backing out of the garage.........
Uhh-Ohhh! 8)
I have a constant love/hate relationship with Angell. However, I have been having better results than normal with it lately. It may turn out to be just a summer thing for me too. I first ordered it last fall, so this is my first real chance to use it in hot weather.
I do need to mix it with a stronger hold gel to have any luck. I haven't been a huge fan of the B&A + Angell combo, but I have had pretty good luck with an Abba Weightless + Angell combo, probably a 1:3 Abba to Angell ratio.
FYI: my routine is to poo twice per week (currently experimenting with no sulfate vs. mild sulfate poos), condition everyday with Trader Joe's (rinse all of it out...I do have a spray leave-in which I occasionally spritz on but my hair tends to get overconditioned somewhat easily). I then rake in a curl enhancer (usually RR or Re:coil, or a tiny dab of both) after blotting my hair a bit. Shake to reform clumps, flip over and scrunch with microfiber or t-shirt. Scrunch in gel du jour, plop, diffuse to 80%, airdry the rest of the way. This is my rountine whether I use the Angell combo as the gel du jour or some other gel.
Hmmm......Maybe I should have just read this before I posted my how to help me spend my B-day gift certicate on the general board :wink:
Take one weekend off and I miss all this great stuff :D
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mysterious tiny bugs biting me (not bed bugs)
After ripping up carpet in my new house I had purchased about 6 months ago, I began getting bit up all over my legs while removing carpet though I did not notice one bug/insect (this was done in morning while sun was lighting up my room)
I had orkin and terminix come out, they found nothing in bed, mattress, the area where I sleep.
Was relieved it was not bed bugs as I am very familiar with them originally from NYC suburbs. So I bought the pump sprayer that you mix the liquid insecticide w water, shake it well, then pump it up 300 times or so to pressurize it so that you can treat your dwelling the same way the exterminators do (without waiting your money with no guarantee from these pest control companies except you will spending at least 400.00 minimum w no results guaranteed). I mixed suspend sc with gentrol (IGR, stops insects from reproducing), mixed w water and sprayed it all over hardwood flrs, carpet areas in living rm and another bedrm, pretty much drenched the floors/carpets/baseboards w this stuff. Vacuumed each day later
Well it seems to be a bit better now (sprayed yesterday) but I still am receiving bites, mainly on ankles+ groin area only on one side (right side, small rash prob from bites)
Upon examining bed today, noticed tint reddish brown insects on bottom of mattress, these are not bed bugs but they still are a pest biting me.
I might add that I am 80% sure that the majority of the bugs were fleas (I have no pets, no tenants) prob there from the previous owner of my house
My house is in the northern suburbs of Syracuse NY, close to Liverpool NY
(Onondaga County)
I am putting a link on here to show you what I have found so far pics w my digital camera, the red circular mass (tiny) was found in the bathtub near the black flea??? the morning after spraying (when I squished the red thing, blood did come out, you can see that in the pics.)
Any pest control experts, see if you can identify what types of bugs these are (besides the fleas) and what chemicals I can use along w gentrol to eliminate them. Thanks very much for your help.
I might add after removing the filthy carpet, there seemed to be 2 or 3 raised spots on my scalp (they have gone away, dropped off?) (deer tics??)
esp pics 5, 6, 7, 26, 27, also pic 30, ones after that I am not sure if this is carpet fiber or some insect, thank you!
pic 4 is inside underwear in plastic Unopened, not sure what that is!!??
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Vatican Misspells Jesus On Commerative Coin
I know many of those big latin words can be tricky to spell, but "Jesus"? Really??
The Vatican recently approved a medal to commemorate Pope Francis' first year as Pope. The medal was engraved with a latin phrase that inspired Pope Francis to become a priest in the first place. The phrase, (spelled correctly mind you and I don't even speak latin), is:
Vidit ergo Jesus publicanum et quia miserando antque eligendo vidit, ait illi sequere me."
In english, it goes:
"Jesus, therefore, saw the publican, and because he saw by having mercy and by choosing, He said to him, 'Follow me'"
A nice and fitting gesture to help celebrate this occasion except that they spelled Jesus with an "L". Lesus.
6,200 medals were released before the error was caught. With all the billions that The Vatican has, you'd think they would have a computer with spell check laying around somewhere. (For long complicated latin words anyway, this is "Jesus" we're talking about here. Anybody, anywhere, … and at practically any age … can tell you how to spell that one!)
4 medals were reportedly sold before the error was caught and the remaining medals recalled. (Can you imagine what they'll be worth?)
Someone at the Vatican is probably STILL getting yelled at over this one. Maybe someone could forward this vid over to them!
Subscribe to KLAQ El Paso on


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Are you familiar with this product? Be the first to review this item!


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Results 1 to 1 of 1
22nd March 2016 11:42 AM #1
- Join Date
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Student midwife looking for pregnant women in North/East Melbourne
Congratulations on your pregnancy!
Hi everyone, my name is Tessa and I am a nursing/midwifery student studying in North/East Melbourne. As a requirement of completing my course, I need to follow the amazing journey of 10 women in throughout their pregnancy in order to learn as much as I can about the fascinating experience of pregnancy and childbirth. As your extra support person, I would come to your antenatal appointments, postnatal appointments and if you are willing, I would love to attend your birth. But I am very understanding of what a special experience this is for you so I am very respectful of your wishes of how involved I am in your experience. If you are less than 35 weeks pregnant and are located in North/East Melbourne and are interested in helping me with this learning experience, please contact me and feel free to ask any questions you may have.
Thank you
0428 817 450


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20 seconds of pillow popping glory with Eric Pollard
In this edition of EPOV, Eric Pollard enters the white room after dropping into a dreamy pillow line. While the screen is white for the majority of the 20 second clip, it just proves that this line is badass, and so is Pollard.
Related: Nimbus Independent showcases Eric Pollard's "Four Day Season"


text:
- About this Journal ·
- Abstracting and Indexing ·
- Aims and Scope ·
- Article Processing Charges ·
- Articles in Press ·
- Author Guidelines ·
- Bibliographic Information ·
- Citations to this Journal ·
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- Editorial Board ·
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- Table of Contents
International Journal of Stochastic Analysis
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 803724, 20 pages
General LQG Homing Problems in One Dimension
1Département de Mathématiques et de Génie Industriel, École Polytechnique, C.P.6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3A7
2Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
Received 26 May 2012; Revised 23 July 2012; Accepted 10 August 2012
Academic Editor: Jiongmin Yong
Copyright © 2012 Mario Lefebvre and Foued Zitouni. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Optimal control problems for one-dimensional diffusion processes in the interval () are considered. The aim is either to maximize or to minimize the time spent by the controlled processes in (). Exact solutions are obtained when the processes are symmetrical with respect to . Approximate solutions are derived in the asymmetrical case. The one-barrier cases are also treated. Examples are presented.
1. Introduction
Let be a one-dimensional controlled diffusion process defined by the stochastic differential equation where is the control variable, and are Borel measurable functions, and are constants, and is a standard Brownian motion. The set of admissible controls consists of Borel measurable functions.
Remark 1.1. We assume that the solution of (1.1) exists for all and is weakly unique.
We define the first-passage time where . We want to find the control that minimizes the expected value of the cost function where and are constants. Notice that if is negative, then the optimizer wants to maximize the survival time of the controlled process in the interval , taking the quadratic control costs into account. In general, there is a maximal value that the parameter can take. Otherwise, the expected reward becomes infinite.
When the relation holds for some positive constant , using a theorem in Whittle [1, p. 289], we can express the value function in terms of a mathematical expectation for the uncontrolled process obtained by setting in (1.1). Actually, for the result to hold, ultimate entry of the uncontrolled process into the stopping set must be certain, which is not a restrictive condition in the case of one-dimensional diffusion processes considered in finite intervals.
In practice, the theorem in Whittle [1] gives a transformation that enables us to linearize the differential equation satisfied by the function .
In Lefebvre [2], using symmetry, the author was able to obtain an explicit and exact expression for the optimal control when is a one-dimensional controlled standard Brownian motion process (so that and ), and . Notice that the relation in (1.4) does not hold in that case. The author assumed that the parameter in the cost function is negative, and he found the maximal value that this parameter can take.
Previously, Lefebvre [3] had computed the value of when , but with the cost function rather than the function defined above. We cannot appeal to the theorem in Whittle [1] in that case either. However, the author expressed the function in terms of a mathematical expectation for an uncontrolled geometric Brownian motion.
In Section 2, we will generalize the results in Lefebvre [2] to one-dimensional diffusion processes for which the functions and are symmetrical with respect to zero and . Important particular cases will be considered.
Next, in Section 3, we will treat the general symmetrical case when is not necessarily equal to . In Section 4, we will consider processes for which the functions and are not symmetrical with respect to a certain . An approximate solution will then be proposed. In Section 5, we will present possible extensions, including the case of a single barrier. Finally, we will make some concluding remarks in Section 6.
2. Optimal Control in the Symmetrical Case with
In this section, we take . Assuming that it exists and that it is twice differentiable, we find that the value function defined in (1.5) satisfies the dynamic programming equation where . Differentiating with respect to and equating to zero, we deduce that the optimal control can be expressed as follows: Substituting the optimal control into the dynamic programming equation (2.1), we obtain that the function satisfies the nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equation subject to the boundary conditions
Now, in general solving nonlinear second-order differential equations is not an easy task. As mentioned previously, when the relation in (1.4) holds, there exists a transformation that enables us to linearize (2.3). Notice, however, that in order to obtain an explicit expression for the optimal control , one only needs the derivative of the value function . Hence, if we can find a boundary condition in terms of , rather than the boundary conditions in (2.4), then we could significantly simplify our problem, since we would only have to solve the first-order nonlinear (Riccati) differential equation: where
Proposition 2.1. Assume that the function is odd and that the function is even. Then the optimal control is given by where satisfies (2.5), subject to the condition
Proof. The condition (2.8) follows from the fact that, by symmetry, when the parameter is positive, then 0 is the value of for which the function has a maximum, whereas has a minimum at when is negative. Indeed, the origin is the worst (resp., best) position possible when the optimizer is trying to minimize (resp., maximize), taking the quadratic control costs into account, the time spent by in the interval .
Remarks 2.2. (i) The solution to (2.5), subject to (2.8), might not be unique.
(ii) Notice that the symmetrical case includes the one when is identical to 0, and is a constant, so that the uncontrolled process is a Wiener process with zero drift.
The previous proposition can be generalized as follows.
Corollary 2.3. If is replaced by in (1.1), where is even, and if the hypotheses in Proposition 2.1 are satisfied, then the optimal control can be expressed as where is a solution of that satisfies the condition .
We will now present an example for which we can determine the optimal control explicitly.
We consider the case when is a controlled Bessel process, so that Moreover, we assume that the parameter belongs to the interval . The origin is then a regular boundary (see [4, p. 239]) for the uncontrolled process obtained by setting in the stochastic differential equation above. Notice that if the parameter is equal to 1, then becomes a standard Brownian motion, which is the process considered in Lefebvre [2]. Therefore, this example generalizes the results in Lefebvre's paper.
Here, the relation in (1.4) holds if there exists a positive constant such that Hence, we can appeal to the theorem in Whittle [1] when is equal to zero. We will treat the case when instead.
The differential equation that we must solve is We find that where and are Bessel functions and is an arbitrary constant,
The expression above for the function is appropriate when the parameter is negative. However, when , it is better to rewrite it as follows: where and are modified Bessel functions and
In order to determine the value of the constant , we will use the condition . First, we consider the special case when , and is negative. Then, we have that and where .
Next, when , we have the formula (see [5, p. 358]) It follows, with and , that
Finally, making use of the limiting form of the function when (see [5, p. 360]): we obtain that It follows that we must set the constant equal to 0, which implies that We then deduce from (2.7) (with ) that the optimal control is given by This formula for the optimal control is the same as the one obtained by Lefebvre [2].
Now, in the general case, proceeding as previously we find that when , the function defined in (2.14) is such that when decreases to zero, This expression may be rewritten as follows: where is a constant, for . Multiplying the numerator and the denominator by , we obtain that Hence, we deduce that if , we must set the constant equal to 0. This implies that , so that the constant is equal to 0 as well. It follows that the function is given by This expression is valid as long as the denominator is positive. This is tantamount to saying that the parameter , which represents the instantaneous reward given for survival in the interval , must not be too large.
Finally, the optimal control is
Now, if , it turns out that for any constant , so that the solution is not unique. However, this does not entail that we can choose any . For instance, in the particular case when , , , and , we find that If we choose , as in the case when , then the expression for the optimal control is One can check that if , then for , which is logical because the optimizer wants to maximize the survival time in . But if we let tend to infinity, the optimal control becomes which is strictly positive for . Thus, when the solution to (2.5), (2.8) is not unique, one must use other arguments to find the optimal control. One can obviously check whether the expression obtained for the optimal control does indeed correspond to a minimum (or a maximum in absolute value). In the particular case considered previously, if we let we find that this function satisfies all the conditions of the optimal control problem set up in Section 1 and leads to a valid expression for the optimal control.
Next, if the parameter is positive, we deduce from the function in (2.16) that the optimal control is given by when . However, when , again we do not obtain a unique solution to (2.5) and (2.8).
Moreover, contrary to the case when is negative, there is no constraint on this parameter when it is positive. That is, we can give as large a penalty as we want for survival in the continuation region.
3. Optimal Control in the Symmetrical General Case
In this section, we assume that and are not necessary such that . Moreover, we assume that there is a transformation of the stochastic process such that the functions and are symmetrical with respect to zero. Then the optimal control problem is reduced to the one presented in the previous section.
A simple example of such a situation is the case when is a one-dimensional controlled standard Brownian motion and . Then one can simply define with to obtain a controlled Brownian motion with zero drift and variance parameter in the interval . We can then apply Proposition 2.1 to find the optimal control.
A more interesting example is the following one: assume that the controlled process is defined by That is, is a controlled geometric Brownian motion. Since this process is strictly positive, we cannot have . Let us define where .
Notice that the relation in (1.4) only holds in the case when . To obtain the control that minimizes the expected value of the cost function defined in (1.3), we will transform the geometric Brownian motion process into a Wiener process by setting
The infinitesimal parameters of the process are given by (see, e.g., [6, p. 64])
Hence, we can write that satisfies the stochastic differential equation That is, is a controlled standard Brownian motion. Moreover, the random variable becomes where .
We can find the function , from which the optimal control is obtained at once, for any choice of . We will present the solution in the case when . Furthermore, we let , and . We then must solve the nonlinear ordinary differential equation The solution that satisfies the condition is Hence, from Corollary 2.3, we can state that the optimal control is given by . In terms of the original process, we have that Since , this solution is only valid as long as it remains finite. That is, because we chose the value of , the constant must not be too large. The optimal control is plotted in Figure 1 when . Notice that is positive when and negative when , which is logical because the optimizer wants to maximize the survival time in the interval . However, the optimal control is not symmetrical with respect to 1.
4. Approximate Optimal Control in the Asymmetrical Case
We will now consider the case when the infinitesimal parameters of the controlled process do not satisfy the hypotheses in Proposition 2.1. In order to obtain the optimal control without having to find the function explicitly, we need a condition on . If we could determine the value of in the interval for which the function has a maximum or a minimum, then we would set .
An approximate solution can be obtained by finding the value of that maximizes the expected value of the time it takes the uncontrolled process that corresponds to to leave the interval . Let denote this expected value. This function satisfies the ordinary differential equation (see [6, p. 220]) The boundary conditions are obviously
We can state the following proposition.
Proposition 4.1. Let be the value of that maximizes the function defined previously. The optimal control is approximately given by (2.7), where the function satisfies (2.5), subject to the condition .
To illustrate this result, we will present an example for which we can find the exact optimal control. We will then be able to assess the quality of the approximation proposed previously.
Let be the controlled Wiener process with drift and variance parameter defined by Because the relation in (1.4) holds with and ultimate entry of the uncontrolled process into the set is certain, we can indeed appeal to Whittle's theorem to obtain the control that minimizes the expected value of the cost function defined in (1.3).
Assume that the parameter is positive, so that the optimizer wants to leave the interval as soon as possible. We deduce from Whittle's theorem that the value function can be expressed as follows: where in which is the same as the random variable in (1.2), but for the uncontrolled process defined by
It is a simple matter to find that where for , and We then obtain that the exact optimal control is given by
Now, the function satisfies the ordinary differential equation The unique solution for which is The value of that maximizes is obtained by differentiation:
Next, from (2.2), the optimal control is given by where satisfies the nonlinear differential equation We find that the solution of this equation is the following: The constant is uniquely determined from the condition . We have that
The expression that we obtain for the approximate optimal control by multiplying the function by is quite different from the exact optimal control. To compare the two solutions, we consider the special case when , and . We then find that the constant is equal to , and the value that maximizes is approximately 0,7024. We plotted the two controls in Figure 2. Notice how close the two curves are.
5. Extensions
To complete this work, we will consider two possible extensions of the results presented. First, suppose that the random variable defined in (1.2) is replaced by That is, we want to solve a one-barrier, rather than a two-barrier problem. To do so, we can introduce a second barrier, at . In general, it will be necessary to find a transformation for which the infinitesimal parameters of the uncontrolled process that corresponds to satisfy the hypotheses in Proposition 2.1. If we can find such a transformation, then we can try to obtain the optimal control for the transformed process. Finally, we must express the optimal control in terms of the original variable and take the limit as tends to (resp., ) if (resp., ).
Remark 5.1. If there is a natural boundary at the origin, for example, and if , then we would take the limit as decreases to zero.
We will now present an example where the technique described previously is used. We consider the controlled geometric Brownian motion defined in Section 3 by and we assume that and that . Let where Notice that the boundaries and become, respectively:
Next, we set . We then find that is a controlled standard Brownian motion, and the first-passage time becomes Hence, we can appeal to Proposition 2.1 to determine the optimal value of the control .
Assume that in (5.2). Then Whittle's theorem applies with The optimal control is given by and, as in Section 4, the value function can be expressed as where in which is the same as for the uncontrolled process that corresponds to .
The function satisfies the second-order ordinary differential equation The general solution of this equation can be written as We assume that the parameter is positive. Then, we can write that It follows that we must choose the constant in the general solution. Finally, making use of the boundary condition , we obtain that from which we deduce that the optimal control is constant:
If we do not appeal to Whittle's theorem, we must solve the nonlinear first-order differential equation (see Section 3) subject to the boundary condition . We find that It follows that
In terms of the original variable , we can write that Since for any positive constant , we obtain that Thus, we retrieve the formula for the optimal control.
Next, we will treat the case when in (5.2), so that Whittle's theorem does not apply. The optimal control becomes
In terms of the transformed variable , we have that where is a solution of (see Section 3) When is positive, the solution that satisfies the condition is where from which we deduce that It follows that Finally, using the asymptotic expansions for large arguments of the functions and (see [5, p. 377]), we find that which is the same optimal control as in the case when .
Remarks 5.2. (i) If we take the limit as decreases to zero in instead, then making use of the formulas (see [5, p. 375]) we obtain that (ii) We can also try to solve the differential equation satisfied by the function directly. However, the solution that we are looking for must be such that , because is the value of the original variable that corresponds to .
Now, in Corollary 2.3 we mentioned that Proposition 2.1 could be generalized by replacing by in (1.1). Another extension of Proposition 2.1 is to generalize the cost function defined in (1.3) to where the function is even.
To illustrate this result, we consider a particular controlled Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process defined by and we take in which Then, we find that the optimal control is given by and that the function satisfies the nonlinear differential equation subject to the condition .
Next, by symmetry, we can write that (and that ). Hence, we can restrict ourselves to the interval . The solution of the differential equation that is such that is where "erf" is the error function. It follows that the optimal control is given by for . This function is plotted in Figure 3.
6. Conclusion
We have shown that when the LQG homing problem that we want to solve possesses a certain symmetry, then it is not necessary to obtain the value function explicitly; only the derivative of is needed to determine the optimal control. Using this result, we were able to solve various problems for which Whittle's theorem does not apply. In Section 4, we proposed an approximate solution in the case when the infinitesimal parameters of the controlled processes are not symmetrical with respect to the origin.
Many papers have been written on LQG homing problems, in particular by the first author (see, e.g., [7]) and recently by Makasu [8]. In most cases, the problems considered were only for one-dimensional processes, because to apply Whittle's theorem a certain relation must hold between the noise and control terms. This relation is generally not verified in two or more dimensions. Furthermore, even if the relation in question holds, we still must solve a nontrivial probability problem. More precisely, we need to evaluate the moment-generating function of a first-passage time. To do so, we must find the solution of a Kolmogorov backward equation that satisfies the appropriate boundary conditions.
Proceeding as we did in this paper, we could simplify, at least in the symmetrical case, the differential equation problem, even in more than one dimension. Therefore, we should be able to solve more realistic problems. Such problems will also have interesting applications.
Finally, in order to be able to treat real-life applications, we should try to find a way to solve problems that are not symmetrical and for which Whittle's theorem does not apply. This could be achieved by finding a transformation that linearizes the differential equations that we need to solve.
The authors are very grateful to the anonymous reviewer whose constructive comments helped to improve their paper.
- P. Whittle, Optimization Over Time, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 1982.
- M. Lefebvre, "Maximizing the mean exit time of a Brownian motion from an interval," International Journal of Stochastic Analysis, vol. 2011, Article ID 296259, 5 pages, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH
- M. Lefebvre, "Using a geometric Brownian motion to control a Brownian motion and vice versa," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 71–82, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH
- S. Karlin and H. M. Taylor, A Second Course in Stochastic Processes, Academic Press, New York, NY, USA, 1981. View at Zentralblatt MATH
- M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, Dover, New York, NY, USA, 1965.
- M. Lefebvre, Applied Stochastic Processes, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2007.
- M. Lefebvre, "A homing problem for diffusion processes with control-dependent variance," The Annals of Applied Probability, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 786–795, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH
- C. Makasu, "Risk-sensitive control for a class of homing problems," Automatica, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 2454–2455, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH


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April 24, 2014 @ 8:00 pm - 11:00 pm$23 - $26
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On the surface the band's vibe comes off as happy, the songs soar with a kind of shimmering, youthful exuberance. But just beneath that sunny sheen, there is a reservoir of longing and melancholy. The Grouplove signature is blending those two pillars of life: sorrow and joy. Hannah explains, "As individuals we are heavier, darker, but when we are together we bring the love."
This show is general admission standing room only: No seating guaranteed for event. There are seats available in balcony on a first come, first serve basis.


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New details about Apple's In-Store pick up and the new Self Checkout process were recently revealed. BGR reported on the details of the new addition to Apple's over 200 retails stores. Customers can now utilize the Retail Stores in order to manage online purchases, where a customer can purchase a product online and simply walk into a store and pick up the item without having to wait on line. Customers must give Apple Store employees time to set the reserved product aside.
Apple is also honoring engraved devices or other out-of-stock items, and will ship the items to your local Apple Store for free. Customers will then receive a push notification from the Apple Store Application that their products are ready. Products should be ready precisely 12 minutes after the customer receives the push-notification. Any customer unhappy with their online purchases can also return it to any of their local retail Apple Stores. Apple expects majority of its customers to use this new system of Retail and Online integration, something that Apple hadn't fully incorporated into its sales until recently.
One of the best features in Apple's new retail / online strategy is the new Self Checkout Process, entirely relieving the customer of having to deal with retail employees, while still receiving a retail experience. Apple is now allowing customers to purchase smaller accessories through the Apple Store App while in the store:
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This new system will be particularly handy during the holiday season when an increase in retail staff still does not suffice for the thousands pouring into Apple retail stores. The new In-Store pickup and the Self Checkout Process will be launched Thursday, November 3rd.
{via MacRumors}


text:
The British number one controlled the match from the outset, breaking Roddick at the first opportunity in both sets on his way to a 6-3 6-1 victory in just 59 minutes.
Roddick could simply not touch him as Murray, who has put all concerns over his ankle injury behind him, produced an exhibition of top-class tennis.
Murray mixed his game up magnificently, passing Roddick with some exquisite winners and teasing the American with some traditional drop-shots.
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Murray held for 3-1 and then moved a second break up with another deft drop shot before unleashing a forehand winner on the run. It was a masterclass.
Murray was pouncing on Roddick's usually deadly serve and he despatched a backhand and then a forehand winner before breaking for a third time to seal a stunning victory.
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[Date Index]
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Re: Mathematica
Ryan Taylor wrote in message <6s5na5$ce7 at smc.vnet.net>...
>I am using mathematica for the first time in order to plot PV diagrams
>for a chemistry class. I was wondering if there is any way that I can
>label the x and y axis on a graph. For example, "pressure" and
>"volume." I would greatly appreciate any assistance you could provide
>on this matter.
> Thank You,
> Justin Munn
> MJMUNN at Clemson.edu
You can use the option AxesLabel.
For example
Plot[x,{x,0,3} , AxesLabel-> {"pressure","volume"}]
It works with other 2D graphics.
Plot3D[x y,{x,0,3} ,{y,0,2}, AxesLabel-> {"pressure","volume",
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Search Results
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Item 81182
The Last Train Out, Princeton, 1933
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Early Train, Princeton, ca. 1880
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'The Snow Train,' Waterville, 1946
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We Used to be "Normal": A History of F.S.N.S.
Farmington's Normal School -- a teacher-training facility -- opened in 1863 and, over the decades, offered academic programs that included such unique features as domestic and child-care training, and extra-curricular activities from athletics to music and theater.
Navy Firefighting School, Little Chebeague Island
Little Chebeague Island in Casco Bay was home to recreational facilities and a firefighting school for WWII sailors. The school was part of a Navy effort to have non-firefighting personnel knowledgeable in dealing with shipboard fires.
A Brief History of Colby College
Colby originated in 1813 as Maine Literary and Theological Institution and is now a small private liberal arts college of about 1,800 students. A timeline of the history and development of Colby College from 1813 until the present.
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The history of a northern Maine community as told by an array of local institutions and organizations. Site contributors include University of Maine at Presque Isle, Presque Isle Historical Society, Mark and Emily Turner Memorial Library, Presque Isle Middle School. Some of the topics include historic buildings, potato farming, transportation and the Aroostook Valley Railroad.
An introduction to Bangor history as depicted by a broad-based group of city institutions and organizations. Partners included the middle-level William S. Cohen and James F. Doughty Schools, Bangor High School, Bangor Public Library, Bangor Museum and Center for History, and individual city historians. Topics covered include early railroads, natural disasters, the Brady Gang, the Civil War, and the 1940s.
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The history of a 350+-year-old city south of Portland, the Scarborough site was constructed by representatives from Scarborough Historical Society, Scarborough Middle School, and Scarborough Public Library. Exhibits include the marsh, transportation and roads, shipyards and shipwrecks, clamming and lobstering, famous residents, and education.
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Florence Ahlquist Link's WWII service in the WAVES
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How the Vietnam war affected my life
My service in Afghanistan with the Marines and my life today
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My service in Afghanistan with the Marines


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RALEIGH, N.C. (June 5) Its an encouraging chapter in what has become an all-too-familiar bleak story of a natural resource lost because of habitat degradation and over-harvesting.
American shad, once an important commercial and recreational fishery, declined sharply in the late 20th century; however, this trend may be reversing, thanks to the cooperative efforts of the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Since 1998, the two agencies have worked together to restore depleted populations of American shad along the Atlantic Coast by stocking more than 8 million marked shad fry in the Roanoke River as part of the Roanoke River American Shad Restoration Program.
So far, Commission biologists have captured more than 50 3- to 4-inch, hatchery-origin juveniles in the lower Roanoke River, as well as three adult fish with hatchery marks upstream on the spawning grounds.
The appearance of these adult fish indicates that the propagation program is working and that some of the fish are surviving four to five years in the ocean and then returning to where they were stocked.
The marked adult fish that we collected in 2005 and 2006 are the first hatchery-reared fish that have survived to spawning age that weve documented. said Pete Kornegay, coastal region fisheries supervisor with the Commission.
Currently, only four rivers in North Carolina still support adequate stocks of American shad: the Cape Fear, Neuse, Tar, and Chowan rivers. Because of this, these rivers provide the brood fish used for fry production in the restoration program.
Growing and Tracking the Fish
In the early days of the restoration program, collecting and fertilizing American shad eggs met with limited success. In 1999, however, the Commissions Watha State Fish Hatchery in Pender County and the Services Edenton National Fish Hatchery developed improved hormone injection and tank spawning techniques that significantly increased fry production.
Before the fry are stocked, hatchery personnel immerse the young fish in water that contains a small amount of oxytetracycline (OTC), an antibiotic that stains the ear bone. Fry stocked below the Roanoke Rapids Dam in Halifax County are treated once to give a single mark on their otoliths while fry stocked above the dams are treated twice to give a double mark.
In addition to helping biologists distinguish fry from wild fish, this marking protocol helps them determine where the juveniles and adults they collect were stocked originally.
Our collection of juveniles with a double OTC mark indicates that fry can survive their passage through the hydroelectric turbines of three dams, Kornegay said.
While overharvesting and habitat degradation have had a devastating impact on American shad populations coastwide, the construction of a series of dams along the Roanoke River has harmed the fish as well. For this reason, Dominion North Carolina Power, which owns two of the dams, has agreed to a long-term, well-funded mitigative program as a condition of its Federal Energy Regulatory Commission hydropower license.
Included in this program are measures to improve fry production as well as monitor fry stocking success upstream and downstream of the dams.
Because dams prevent fish from migrating upriver to spawn, the power giant is also assessing the feasibility of providing upstream passage facilities through a capture-tag-and-release program it started this spring. Dominion personnel, working with N.C. State University researchers, are capturing American shad, fitting them with radio transmitter tags and releasing the tagged fish in upstream reservoirs.
If the shad continue migrating to the next upstream dam (as they have in other states), it may suggest that these fish could be successful in migrating on their own to reach historic spawning areas upstream of the dams if a fish ladder, elevator or some other fish passage mechanism were provided.
Restoration of the Roanoke Rivers American shad population isnt just about having more shad to catch.
Like its cousins the hickory shad and river herring, the masses of juvenile American shad produced each spring provide much needed food for other game and commercial fish species, many of which eventually end up on our plates, Kornegay said. The importance of restoring the Roanoke Rivers American shad population cannot be overstated.
We are hoping that the work were doing here in North Carolina will eventually have a positive, coastwide impact on a host of popular fish.
For information on fishing in North Carolinas public, inland waters, visit the Commissions Web site, www.ncwildlife.org.


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The board of directors for Nintendo (NTDOY.PK) voted to re-elect president Satoru Iwata today at the company's 74th Annual General Meeting of Shareholders in Kyoto, Japan. Eight other top executive were also approved to retain their positions at the head of the company. These elections, which follow three consecutive years of financial losses for the company, can be seen as a vote of confidence in Nintendo's future.
Iwata was not in attendance at the shareholders meeting, because he was recovering from a recent surgery. In a statement to shareholders, Iwata wrote, "As the president of the company, I regret that I cannot attend the meeting. However, I understand that I have to prioritize my medical treatment and to recover as soon as possible so that I will again be able to do my best to help the company to grow."
Growth does seem to be on the horizon for the troubled company. Nintendo's latest major title, Mario Kart 8 for Wii U, which came out at the end of May, has seen especially strong sales, with a reported 2 million copies sold in less than a month. With only about 6.4 million Wii U consoles in customers' hands, that's a massive chunk of the potential market. Also thanks to Mario Kart 8, Wii U sales have been picking up the pace recently, as Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aime told Polygon in an interview.


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how do you guys feel about this gun??? and is really banned?
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how do you guys feel about this gun??? and is really banned?
Hello and welcome to the forum.
The TEC-9 and it's later brother the KG-99 are simply designed, large mag capacity, assault pistols?.
I owned one of the original open bolt TEC-9's and a later KG-99. They were fun to shoot and a crowd pleaser, had decent accuracy (the KG-99) for what they were. Just like the MAC-10 type pistols there was not really a use for them except if you liked to shoot them and wanted something that looked like a submachinegun but wasn't. It all depends on your intended purpose for it.
I am not aware that they are banned anywhere. The open bolt versions command a premium price simply due to them being easier to convert legally to select fire.
banned?? myabe in some states . It is a semi-auto pistol. I don't see any need for one but everyone has there wants. Iits nearly as usefull as a full sized semi-auto pistol.
I had a KG-99. I got talked into it by a cop who said it would make a pretty good home defense gun. I thought it was very difficult to be very accurate with it due to the poor sights and poor ergonomics. I hated it. I traded it and motorcycle for my Colt AR-15. I know I got the better end of the trade.
I would much rather have a Glock-17 or Glock-19 with a 33 round extended mag than a Tec-9 or KG-99 any day.
I'm sure the kG-99 would be fun in Full Auto. I have Full Auto Mac 10 and at 1200 rpm it a blast to shoot. Yea it's a wast of ammo but people love shooting it.
There's nothing to hate about a Tec-9 as long as it's functioning correctly.
And usually when it isn't, the problem is an easy fix...
Seriously, just look at it, it's SWEET!!!
If anyone needs parts for their Intratec or later Interdynamic firearms, here's a video for you:
Happy Shooting! :AR15firing:


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José Mota — The blog
List of posts
Take the time
Farewell, Tutsplus. It was fun.
Your Ember app is a click away from home
Announcing a code retreat in Lisbon
Game on: Backbone and Ember
The quest on Ember.js
Cultural prints impact behavior and judgement
Extract your business
About Agile
Sacrilege: a rather lousy rant on Java for the web
A perspective on the state of education (of the Web)
Same class associations in Rails 3
Piscean programming
Going for JRuby
Does Datatables need better integration?
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Take CableTV.com's Advice and Make DIRECTV Your Next TV Service Provider
Did you know that out of all the satellite TV and cable companies in Brewster, OH, DIRECTV is rated the best TV service provider? Based on data from independent consumer surveys, this ranking can help you evaluate the cable companies and television services available in your area with an impartial eye.
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Two of the most important factors when choosing a TV provider are customer service and reliability, which are both factored into the ratings compiled by CableTV.com. And when you use our recommendations, you can gain peace of mind, knowing you've chosen a cable company in Brewster, OH that offers both reliable service and a positive customer experience.


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Door adjustment issues
I have a door that when I shut it , it doesnt engage. I lock it but it pulls right open. Its seems its a bit off on adjustment. When I pull up on the door handle I can hear it engage and then it wont pull open. How can I fix this the rigth way?
Also, another door I have does engage and lock, but when then handle is pulled or pushed there is a lot of play in the door back in forth in the engaged assembly. How can this be fixed?
On the first door: If the door fits in the jamb correctly, then you need to lower the strike plate. Since you can get it to latch by pulling up, then it isn't far off. Remove the stike and file the bottom of the opening about 1/8" lower. Reinstall the strike plate and remove any wood that shows at the bottom of the latch reciever hole.
The second door: I'm assuming this is a wooden jamb. You'll need to move the strike plate closer to the stop. Measure how much free play you have betwen the door and the stop when the door is latched. Do this at the knob. That is the amount that you'll need to move the strike towards the stop. Remove the strike and move it that distance. You may have to enlarge the recess in the jamb that the strike sets into. Do that with either a wood chisel or utility knife. wood glue some toothpicks or wood slivers into the old screw holes. Make new screw holes in the correct place with an ice pick or an awl. Drill them if you have to, but be careful not to oversize them. Reattach the strike plate. Be careful not to move the strike too close to the stop or the door won't be able to latch at all.
One thing I forgot to mention. If these are key locked doors and have a deadlatch, you'll have a two piece spring loaded latchbolt sticking out of the door. The small "D" shaped plunger should never enter the hole in the strike plate when properly latched. The large plunger is the only one that should hold the door closed while the small one is held depressed by the strike plate.
Thanks so much! Sorry if this sounds dumb, but what is the strike plate? The metal piece in the door jam with the impression in it where the latch is supposed to engage?
That would be the strike plate. A flate piece of metal with a curved lip on one edge and a hole for the spring loaded latchbolt to engage.
I would agree with maintenance6, but would like to add! if the first door does not sit right in the opening. gap at top by knob wider then the top on hinge side. then remove the screw at the top of the hinge closest to the top. and install a 3 1/2" -4 " wood screw or drywall screw and tighten it so to pull the hinge in to the jamb. Also check the hinge fastened to the door at the top for any looseness. BOB
Can you run that by me again? Im a little confused. Thanks so much!
shut the door with out having it latch. check the reveal across the top of the door. if it gets bigger on the latch side and smaller on the hinge side then 9 out of 10 times it means the door dropped. open the door and remove the top screw that is closest to the door stop. install a #8 3" drywall screw in its place. best bet to use a battery screw gun for this. it has the torque to pull the jamb a little tighter to the wall. also check and see if the screws are loose going into the side of the door.
good luck! bob
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Deer Hunting Forums (http://www.deerhuntersclub.com/forums/)
- The Campfire (http://www.deerhuntersclub.com/forums/campfire/)
- - What is everyone doing? (http://www.deerhuntersclub.com/forums/campfire/16209-what-everyone-doing.html)
What is everyone doing?
been busy snow removing & the last week water removal this spring is lookingh like it will be as bad as winter was just can't wait for the snow to vanish some so I can get out looking for sheds & do some Turkey scouting
It's the same here in Vt., we're all just waiting for Spring to come.
We finally got a weather break here, been doing some turkey scouting and now the weather has been right to start morel hunting as well.
Hope all this snow is gone before our season starts
gonna be a few week before I can even get out & scout unless this better weather holds up
I agree Bruce
The few deer I have seen the last few weeks don't look good
Turkeys in my area seem to be ok haven't left the front lawn bird feeders all winter same houses day after day
I think Spring has sprung here. It's been mid-40's and sunny for a week now. Skunk cabbage buds coming up already. I got the post-winter service done on two of the rigs this weekend as the ground was finally decent to lay on and the cement pad wasn't wet.
rain next several days. Just working it seems like, 48 on 24 off.
We've been fighting upper respiratory infections for about six weeks.My right ear is still closed and her voice is just coming back.I could make a joke about that but I won't.We had planned to winter near the kids in Florida.Now,it looks like a spring trip to take the grandsons fishing.Glad to be done with clearing snow.It hit 60 degrees today.
our turkey season was over last week. this week is supposed to be nice for a change. we have been getting a lot of rain the past 2 months and the rainy season aint even here yet. Pollen is droppin from the oak trees like snow and has my allergies going full bore. never got a chance to turkey hunt with all the rain. we got over 3" over the weekend and with already soggy ground its just sitting. the catapillars are starting to come out. will be having to wash the house every week to keep there cacoons off. if you let them sit for some time you cant hardly get them off and sometimes they will take paint with them. with all the rain 3 or 4 of the major rivers around here are at flood stage.
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NBTY's new Osteo Bi-Flex EASE are 80% smaller than standard joint health supplements.
A new study by a Florida State University researcher found that a new dietary supplement is superior to calcium and vitamin D when it comes to bone health.
The Baltimore Convention Center this year played host to more than 23,000 attendees and 1,277 exhibitors at the 2014 Nat Expo East convention for specialty channel operators in the natural food and health space.
Surrey, England-based Forme Laboratories, which specializes in menopause dermatology, has brought its Stratum C skin care line developed for peri-menopausal and menopausal skin to women in the United States.
NeoStrata has announced the introduction of its new Skin Active Triple Firming Neck Cream, which is available exclusively through physician offices.
La Fresh Group, maker of portable Travel Lite and Eco-Beauty wet wipes, has announced the launch of Eco-Beauty Be Good., a line of skin care products made with a natural anti-aging botanical complex of maqui berry, licorice root, ginkgo leaf, grape seed and hickory bark.
Merz North America recently launched Mederma PM, a new one-of-a-kind scar cream formulated to work at night, when skin naturally regenerates faster.
Murad has announced the launch of Rapid Collagen Infusion, a multi-tasking formula that is designed to fight wrinkles and loss of resilience by promoting collagen and elastin production while maintaining healthy hydration levels in the skin.
EL SEGUNDO, Calif. — Murad, whose skin care products are available at such retailers as Ulta Beauty and Sephora, has announced the addition of the new Pore & Line Minimizing Hydrator to its Anti-Aging Acne Line, which was created to simultaneously reduce acne and aging concerns.
Skin care company La Roche-Posay has developed the new Redermic [C], an anti-wrinkle firming moisturizer that was inspired by the growing popularity of injectable filler technology.
NeoStrata, which markets and develops therapeutic and cosmetic dermatological products, is aiming to supercharge skin care with four new targeted serums available at Ulta and select online beauty retailers.
L'Oréal Paris has combined its cosmetics and skin care expertise into one innovative formula with Visible Lift Smooth Absolute instant age-reversing foundation.
Henkel's Dial brand has launched for 2011 a collection of NutriSkin lotions with BioNutrients.
La Roche-Posay is launching in July at select CVS stores, CVS.com and select Duane Reade...
U.K. beauty retailer Boots has announced the launch of an entire Protect & Perfect skin...


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Despite a number of challenges, a fledgling clothing manufacturing company continues to push forward, fueled by the enthusiasm of current and potential employees.
The positive response to job openings at Creative Eye American Apparel's Paducah location outweighs the handful of hurdles the company is experiencing, business development director Raj Singh said.
"We have had excitement and buzz. That's the part that keeps making us move forward," he said.
After holding a job fair in October at West Kentucky Community & Technical College, the company hired about 30 workers, and applications continue to flood Creative Eye's office.
But very few applicants are qualified to work in the garment industry, as these types of manufacturing jobs have only recently started returning to the United States, Singh said.
That means that applicants must go through 132 hours of training at WKCTC, with additional time spent learning on the factory floor once they're hired. The workers are being paid full time at $11 an hour while they train, Singh said.
"The problem has been how to support that interest financially," he said. "Just training everybody from scratch is like running a school, a school at a cost. That's not quite capitalism."
At this point, Singh would qualify the workers as about 40 percent knowledgeable - hardly enough to begin production. In another 12 to 16 weeks, he believes they'll be at 80 percent.
Financial support from the state or local government could help cover the training costs, he said, but that has not been forthcoming.
And when it comes to more advanced jobs -such as pattern design, cutting and production management - no amount of training can make up for the years of experience needed to perform the task correctly, Singh said.
The company has put out ads for these positions, but has yet to receive responses from anyone who meets the requirements. Some five to seven workers would be needed to run an operation of 50 sewers, which is Singh's short-term goal for Creative Eye. Although the company seeks to hire from the area, it may have to extend its search beyond the commonwealth to find more skilled laborers.
"We're trying to do as much as we can in state, in the city. (But) to run this operation, we'll probably have to bend somewhere," he said.
Other issues, including winter weather and furniture being held up in customs, have played a role in delaying Creative Eye's grand opening, he added.
Still, Singh and his employees believe that Creative Eye will be up and running soon. The atmosphere in the sewing room off Wayne Sullivan Drive is one of excitement.
Employees say the wages and the chance to get in on the ground floor of a new business drew them to Creative Eye.
"Now that I've gotten the training, it has drawn me in and really revitalized my knowledge," said employee Barbara Weatherspoon of Paducah, who sewed for a living years ago. "It's the atmosphere that makes you just want to jump in and keep at it."
Fellow employee Julie Grizzard said the drive from Mayfield to Paducah every day is worth it, considering the starting wage. She worked in a sewing machine factory in the past, but says it's been about 15 years since the area has had any clothing factories.
"I'm excited about the fact that it's an American-made product," she said. "There was a large boom in the manufacturing business (locally) in the '90s ... then it went away. And we're so glad to see it come back."
Contact Laurel Black, a Paducah Sun staff writer, at 270-575-8641, or follow @LaurelFBlack on Twitter.
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