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John T. Bannen is a partner and Kristin A. Occhetti an associate in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, office of Quarles & Brady LLP.
Until recently, a client's health insurance posed few issues for the estate planning lawyer. But as the federal government struggles with health care reform and as various pre-tax health savings plans have proliferated, the estate planner has a variety of issues to address. Health savings accounts (HSAs) are available for employees who participate in high-deductible health plans (HDHPs). As employers seek to control health insurance costs, these plans are gaining popularity at an exponential rate. According to the U.S. Department of the Treasury, only 438,000 individuals were covered by HDHPs in 2004. Today, that number has increased to 3.2 million and is projected to rise to between 14 million and 21 million by 2010. Although HDHPs have lower premiums, their popularity is also because of the public's increasing awareness of the substantial tax benefits of the HSA. Still early in their development, HSAs were created in 2004 as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act, Pub. L. No. 108-173, 117 Stat. 2006, in response to the increasing costs of health care. As such, they are designed to give an incentive to the consumer to control his or her own health care costs. Unlike flexible savings accounts, HSAs do not have a "use-it-or-lose-it" functionality; account holders can carry over balances from year to year until the account holder's date of death or, with proper planning, until the account holder's spouse's date of death.
The basic concept that controls the HSA is tax-focused: all contributions to, distributions from, and income earned in the account occur on a federal income tax-free basis, as long as the assets are used to pay for qualified medical expenses (note that state tax treatment of HSAs varies from state to state). As the wave of HSAs sweeps across the health care landscape, it is important for estate planners to be conversant with the basic operations of HSAs and the attendant estate planning implications of the accounts, which, if not addressed properly, can provide surprising and unfavorable results. This article will first discuss the basic components of HSAs and then turn to the unexposed estate planning issues raised by HSAs for which each lawyer in the practice should prepare.
Establishing an HSA
HSAs are established as tax-exempt trusts or custodial accounts and, as such, are, in a contractual sense, a creature of state law. Like IRAs, HSAs can be set up with a variety of preapproved sponsors, including banks, credit unions, insurance companies, and brokerage houses. The specific details about initial contributions, minimum deposits and balances, and investment options, however, can vary from sponsor to sponsor. HSAs can be invested in any assets that would be permitted as an IRA investment, including bank accounts, money markets, certificates of deposit, and mutual funds. Any income earned by the HSA is not included in gross income, though again state income tax rules may vary. To qualify as an HSA, the "written governing instrument creating the trust" must meet the following requirements:
1. contributions to the account can be only in cash (except in the case of a rollover contribution);
2. contributions cannot be in excess of the maximum deductible contribution for that calendar year;
3. the account must be established with a qualified custodian or trustee (that is, an insurance company, bank, or any other person approved to be a trustee or custodian of IRAs, under Treas. Reg. § 1.408-2(e));
4. the trust assets can not be invested in life insurance contracts;
5. the trust assets cannot be commingled with any other property, except in a common trust fund or common investment fund; and
6. the individual establishing the account must have a nonforfeitable interest in the account.
Code § 223(d)(1). An individual can establish an HSA at any time on or after the date he or she becomes an eligible individual.
Eligible Individuals—Who Can Establish an HSA?
Only "eligible individuals" can establish an HSA. Code § 223(c)(1). To be an eligible individual, the person must be covered by an HDHP on the first day of such month, and he or she cannot be covered by any other type of health insurance that is not an HDHP. In addition, the individual cannot be enrolled in Medicare or be claimed as a dependent on another individual's tax return (thus, the dependent child of a parent may not create his or her own HSA). The Internal Revenue Code distinguishes between two types of HDHPs: self-only coverage and family coverage. Code § 223(c). Self-only coverage covers only the eligible individual establishing the account, but family coverage covers the eligible individual plus at least one other individual, such as a child or spouse, who need not himself be an eligible individual.
For a health insurance plan to be considered an HDHP, the plan must provide for certain higher than customary thresholds for deductibles and out-of-pocket expenses (indexed for inflation), and the plan may not provide benefits for any year until the deductible for that year is met. For the year 2009, self-only coverage must have an annual deductible of at least $1,150, and annual out-of-pocket expenses that the insured must pay for covered benefits, including the annual deductible, co-payments, and other amounts other than premiums, cannot exceed $5,800. Family coverage must have an annual deductible of at least $2,300 and annual out-of-pocket expenses cannot exceed $11,600. Code § 223(c)(2).
Other coverage for certain forms of "preventative care" or "permitted insurance" will not impede an individual's eligibility. For instance, an HDHP does not need to have a deductible for preventative care or screenings, for example, annual physicals, mammograms, Pap smears, and certain preventative drugs or medications, and an individual is permitted to have coverage for liabilities associated with worker's compensation, tort claims, automobile, homeowners, or other property insurance, insurance for a specific disease, or to provide a fixed payment for hospitalization, and coverage for accidents, disability, dental, vision, or long-term care. Code § 223(c)(2)(C), 223(c)(1)(B), 223(c)(3).
Contribution Limits to HSAs
The contribution rules for the first year in which an individual becomes eligible can be complicated; contribution limits are dependent on when the individual became eligible during the initial year and how long the individual continues to be eligible after the initial year's contribution is made. Technically, contribution limits are calculated on a monthly basis based on the statutory limits imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. The statutory annual contribution limits in 2009 for an eligible individual with self-only coverage and an eligible individual with family coverage are $3,000 and $5,950, respectively. If an eligible individual switches types of HDHP coverage during the year, or otherwise enrolls in an HDHP during the course of the taxable year, the full contribution limit is the greater of the sum of the monthly contribution limits in which the individual was an actual eligible individual or the full statutory contribution limit.
But, if the individual is enrolled in an HDHP by the first day of the last month of the individual's taxable year (December 1 for calendar year taxpayers), then the individual will be considered to have been an eligible individual for the entire tax year and will be able to make the full statutory contribution for that tax year. In this instance, if an individual contributes the full statutory contribution, the individual must remain eligible until the last day of the 12th month following the last month of the taxable year for which the individual made the contribution, for example, December 31 of the following year for a calendar year taxpayer. Ceasing to be an eligible individual during this testing period will cause the contribution to be included in the individual's gross income in the year that the individual ceased being eligible to the extent the amount contributed exceeds the sum of the monthly contribution limits. The amount included also will be subject to an additional 10% penalty tax unless the individual ceased being eligible by reason of disability or death. Code § 223(b)(8).
Contributions in excess of the annual contribution limit are subject to an excise tax of 6% and are included in the eligible individual's gross income. The excise tax, however, can be avoided if the excess contribution and the net income attributable to the excess amount are paid to the eligible individual before the filing deadline for his or her federal income tax return for that year. Code § 223(f)(3).
Example 1: Individual H, a calendar year taxpayer, enrolls in self-only HDHP coverage on June 1, 2009, and becomes an eligible individual on that date. H contributes $3,000 to an HSA on July 1, 2009. H drops his HDHP coverage and ceases to be an eligible individual on February 1, 2010. Because H is an eligible individual with self-only coverage on December 1, 2009, he is able to make the full statutory contribution limit of $3,000. The sum of his monthly contribution limits in which he actually has coverage is $1,749.99 (7/12 × $3,000). The testing period for 2009 HSA contributions ends on December 31, 2010. In 2010, because H ceased being an eligible individual during the testing period, H must include in gross income $1,250.01, the amount contributed minus the sum of the monthly contribution limits ($3,000 - $1,749.99). In addition, a 10% additional penalty tax ($125) applies to the amount. I.R.S. Notice 2008-52, ex. 9.
Eligible individuals who have attained the age of 55 within the taxable year are able to make an additional "catch-up" contribution of $1,000. Code § 223(b)(3). Once an individual becomes enrolled in Medicare, however, he or she can no longer make any type of contribution (regular or catch-up) to his or her HSA. Catch-up contributions are calculated monthly for purposes of determining the amount included in gross income of the eligible individual who ceases to be eligible during the applicable testing period.
Contributions can take the form of rollovers. An individual may roll over assets from one HSA to another, limited to one rollover in any one-year period, and the rollover amount is not subject to the contribution limits. I.R.S. Notice 2004-50; I.R.S. Notice 2004-2. An HSA also can receive a one-time tax-free rollover distribution from the eligible individual's IRA if the rollover is contributed in a direct trustee-to-trustee transfer and is not made from a SEP or SIMPLE IRA. Unlike an HSA rollover, an IRA rollover is subject to the contribution limits. Although an individual may elect only one lifetime IRA rollover, if the rollover is made during a month when the individual is enrolled in self-only coverage, and the individual later enrolls in family coverage during the same tax year, the individual is able to make an additional rollover from his or her IRA to maximize the annual contribution limit. But, if the individual fails to remain an eligible individual for 12 months after the rollover transfer, the amount of the rollover is included in the individual's gross income and is subject to a 10% penalty tax on the amount included.
Deductibility of Contributions
HSA contributions are "above-the-line" income tax deductions in computing the eligible individual's adjusted gross income and thus are able to be used, regardless of whether the eligible individual itemizes deductions. Generally, contributions can be made at any time in any amount (subject to permitted maximum) before April 15 following the tax year to which the contributions relate without extensions. Contributions cannot also be deducted as medical expense deductions under Code § 213.
Any person, for example, family members, friends, and employers, can contribute to an HSA on behalf of the eligible individual, but such contributions are deductible only by the eligible individual for whom the HSA was established. Any amount contributed by a person other than the eligible individual or his or her employer is a gift subject to the usual gift tax rules.
Distributions from HSAs
Unlike the contribution rules, distributions from HSAs are not dependent on the individual's eligibility, because at the time the funds are vested, an individual is free to take distributions from his or her HSA at any time. Distributions are excludable from the gross income of the beneficiary, however, only if the amounts are used to pay for qualified medical expenses. Code § 223(d)(1). The term "qualified medical expenses" broadly includes any expenses paid by the individual for medical care, but only to the extent the expenses are not covered by health insurance or otherwise reimbursed. Generally, health insurance premiums are not considered qualified medical expenses for HSA reimbursement unless the individual is collecting federal or state unemployment benefits, has COBRA continuation coverage through his or her employer, or is enrolled in Medicare. IRS Notice 2004-2. Once an individual attains age 65, he or she can use HSA assets to pay for Medicare Part A, B, D, and HMO premiums, co-pays, deductibles, and co-insurance. Medicare supplemental insurance and "Medigap" policies are not qualified medical expenses, and the Code § 213(d)(10) limits do apply to the deductibility of eligible long-term care premiums.
Although the medical expenses must be incurred after the establishment of the HSA, there is no outside limit on the time period during which eligible expenses must be reimbursed. Thus, so long as the medical expenses were incurred after the establishment of the HSA, the reimbursement of the expenses can be delayed and paid at the discretion of the individual. IRS Notice 2004-50.
A great advantage of HSA distributions is that an individual can withdraw funds for payment of medical expenses not only for him- or herself but also on behalf of the individual's spouse or dependents, regardless of whether the individual is enrolled in a self-only or family coverage. Note, however, that the medical expenses paid from the HSA on behalf of a spouse or child may not be eligible to be paid from any other insurance coverage, for example, from the spouse's health insurance policy.
The amount of any withdrawal that is not used exclusively for qualified medical expenses is included in the gross income of the eligible individual and is also subject to a 10% penalty tax unless the distributions are because of the individual's disability or death. Code § 223(f)(4). Interestingly, once an individual reaches age 65, he or she may use distributions for any purposes (such as general retirement income) without incurring the 10% penalty tax. Thus, the HSA acts like a tax deductible, penalty-free retirement account to the extent not needed for payment of eligible medical expenses.
Example 2: Same facts as Example 1, except that on February 2, 2010, H withdraws $1,308.33 from his HSA. The distribution is not used for qualified medical expenses. Therefore, $1,308.33 is also included in H's gross income and is also subject to a 10% penalty tax. As a result, H includes $2,558.34 in gross income ($1,308.33 + $1,250.01 from Example 1) and an additional 10% penalty tax of $255.83 ($130.83 + $125 from Example 1). IRS Notice 2008-52, ex. 9.
Thus, HSAs can provide many tax advantages and planning opportunities. Essentially, the taxpayer who is in a high income tax bracket in his or her working years can leave the HSA account untouched, letting the income accumulate year after year, and use the funds after retirement to pay for Medicare premiums or long-term care premiums so long as they would be eligible for the medical expense deduction. Moreover, the accumulation of the earnings is leveraged by the deductibility of the HSA contributions. Consequently, the HSA, as a practical matter, replaces the deductible IRA account that all taxpayers briefly enjoyed during the Reagan tax years. In fact, the HSA is referred to by some financial planners as a "medical IRA" account.
Estate Planning Considerations
As a result of the 2004 HSA legislation, Congress has created a new asset that estate planners need to incorporate into their practices and coordinate with their client's estate plans. But the income tax consequences of HSA accounts on the death of the eligible individual are largely unexplored or unknown by many estate planners at this time. The popularity of the HSA, driven in part by the deductibility of the contributions, increases the likelihood that more HSAs will be appearing on the asset summary of estate planning questionnaires. Depending on the amount contributed and distributed from the account, and how long the account has been established, HSA balances could be substantial. As such, estate planning for HSAs should merit the planner's attention.
Like retirement plans, the selection and naming of proper beneficiaries can provide continued tax benefits, and choosing the wrong beneficiaries can accelerate income taxation. As is the case with IRAs, the HSA rules are applied without regard to community property laws. Code § 223(d)(4). If the eligible individual names his or her surviving spouse as the beneficiary, then the account may continue as an HSA for the benefit of the surviving spouse. Essentially, as in a spousal rollover IRA, the HSA becomes the surviving spouse's HSA, and the surviving spouse will be subject to income tax only to the extent distributions are not used for qualified medical expenses.
Example 3: H at the time of his death maintained an HSA account with a $10,000 balance. H named W, his surviving spouse, as beneficiary. W can roll over the HSA account to an account of her own and use the HSA account to pay her qualified medical expenses free of income tax.
Should the surviving spouse wish to make additional contributions to the HSA, the surviving spouse would need to be an eligible individual. The HSA is included as an asset in the deceased individual's gross estate, but if the account is payable to the surviving spouse, the payment will be eligible for the federal estate tax marital deduction. The surviving spouse also can exclude from his or her gross income any amounts withdrawn from the HSA for expenses incurred by the individual before his or her death, provided the funds are used to pay for qualified medical expenses. Code § 223(f)(8).
Problems can arise if someone other than the surviving spouse is designated as the account beneficiary or if there is no beneficiary designation at all. If a person other than the surviving spouse is named, for example, a child or the individual's revocable trust, the account will cease being an HSA on the individual's death. As a result, the fair market value of the HSA assets as of the individual's date of death are included in the beneficiary's gross income in the taxable year that contains the individual's date of death. The beneficiary, however, can deduct from the amount includible any funds used within one year of the individual's date of death to pay for qualified medical expenses incurred by the individual before his or her death. To avoid any double taxation of the assets, the beneficiary can claim a Code § 691(c) deduction for any federal estate tax paid and attributable to the HSA that he or she eventually includes in taxable income.
Example 4: S is a single individual who at the time of his death maintained an HSA account with a balance of $10,000. S made the account payable to his two children in equal shares. S dies in 2009. Each of S's children must include $5,000 on their 2009 income tax returns, but they may reduce this amount by any medical expenses incurred by S before his death but which the children pay within one year of S's death.
If no beneficiary is designated the HSA agreement will likely provide that the beneficiary of the account is the individual's estate. When an HSA is payable to the estate, regardless of whether the surviving spouse may ultimately take possession of the HSA through intestacy laws or the eligible individual's estate plan, the date-of-death value of the HSA assets are included on the decedent's final income tax return. The same result occurs if the HSA assets paid to the estate ultimately pass to children or more remote beneficiaries.
Example 5: H maintained an HSA account that at the time of his death had a balance of $10,000. H either did not complete a beneficiary form for the HSA or did complete a form and named his estate as beneficiary. The result is that the funds are collected by his estate. The entire amount of the HSA account will be included in H's final individual income tax return. This is true regardless of whether H's estate, including the HSA assets, eventually passes to his spouse, his children, or some more remote beneficiary.
Thus, as is the case with retirement plans, the selection and designation of proper account beneficiaries of the eligible individual's HSA can have a substantial effect on income tax liability and will control whether there will be a permitted continuation of the HSA if there is a surviving spouse. Under normal circumstances, naming the surviving spouse would be the most advantageous course. Naming a spouse delays the ultimate recognition of income from the HSA account and allows the surviving spouse to continue the tax deferred buildup available in the account.
If there is no surviving spouse, however, a nonspouse beneficiary has the potential advantage of deducting any distributions for the eligible individual's qualified medical expenses within one year of death (note that these income tax deductions will probably be lost unless the HSA beneficiary pays them, because only the beneficiary's payment of the medical expenses is not subject to the 7.5% adjusted gross income threshold). More importantly, an individual who is not survived by a spouse, or a surviving spouse with a spousal rollover HSA, can choose who will incur the income tax liability of the HSA on his or her death, for example, either the estate or the nonspouse beneficiary. To minimize this potential tax liability, as with retirement benefits, HSA owners may wish to consider naming a charitable beneficiary or name a low-income tax bracket beneficiary to receive the taxable income that is accelerated by death.
Consequently, careful naming and review of HSA beneficiaries needs to be added to the estate planner's checklist and reviewed periodically. The estate planner is ideally situated to coordinate and plan for the optimum passage of HSA balances at death. Neither the client nor the financial institution sponsoring the HSA is likely to appreciate the estate planning implications of the account.
Recommending HSAs to Clients
Because of the significant tax advantages an HSA has to offer, not to mention the possibility of lower health care insurance premiums, the topic of HSAs and HDHPs will come up in the natural course of estate planning discussions. Although the estate planner will not typically make specific recommendations regarding health insurance options, knowledge of HSA rules and benefits can be part of the value that an estate planner adds to his clients' general financial health.
The most obvious candidates for HSAs are the young and the healthy. Such clients enjoy (1) lower ongoing health insurance premiums, (2) lower income taxes because of the deductible HSA contribution, and (3) the tax-free compounding of HSA account income over time. Clients with ongoing or chronic medical conditions, however, can still benefit from HDHP/HSAs if the out-of-pocket expenses of monthly prescriptions are less than the amount saved from HDHP premiums. Note, if the payment of medical expenses would otherwise be nondeductible (such expenses usually are under the 7.5% adjusted gross income floor for deduction), paying medical expenses through an HSA, even if the funds never accumulate, makes the payment of these funds essentially deductible. Thus, merely passing the payments through an HSA makes medical expenses barred by the 7.5% adjusted gross income floor deductible. Clients who are nearing retirement age can also benefit from the availability of the annual $1,000 catch-up contributions and the ability to use HSA assets to pay for post-retirement Medicare premiums and deductible long-term care insurance premiums. Should uninsured long-term care expenses be incurred, the HSA funds function as an additional long-term care insurance benefit.
Proper use of HSA accounts requires a thoughtful analysis of the timing and magnitude of the eligible individual's future medical expenses. In addition, without a surviving spouse to designate as beneficiary of the HSA, the taxation of any HSA assets remaining at the death of a single individual will be fully taxable to someone, either the eligible individual (if the estate is chosen as the beneficiary) or to one or more named nonspouse beneficiaries. This is an important difference between HSA plans and retirement plans. Thus, the best strategy may be to plan to use the HSA assets to pay medical expenses during the life of the eligible individual or his or her surviving spouse. Alternatively, if the eligible individual's year of death tax return is in a lower bracket than the potentially named nonspouse beneficiary, payment to the decedent's estate can produce the lowest income tax and, hence, maximize assets passing to the family. For optimum postmortem flexibility, naming the estate as a contingent beneficiary in anticipation of a timely post-death disclaimer by the primary nonspouse beneficiary would allow the beneficiary to effectively choose the lowest tax bracket for recognition of post-death HSA benefits.
In an environment in which a multitude of financial planners and consultants compete for providing what the public broadly perceives as estate planning services, it behooves the estate planning lawyer to be conversant and technically competent in a wide range of issues confronting their estate planning clients. HSAs and HDHPs are the newest addition to the required skill set of the estate planning lawyer. Moreover, the estate planner's familiarity with benefits and limitations of retirement plan distribution rules, the imaginative use of beneficiary designations and disclaimers, and the knowledge of the income tax issues that surround the taxation of income as a result of a client's death makes the estate planning lawyer the most competent and perhaps the only member of the estate planning team capable of fully exploiting the planning potential of HSA accounts on death of the eligible account holder.Return To Issue Index


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Suspended N.Y. deputy says TASER use justified, sheriff caved to publicity
By John O'Brien
SYRACUSE, N.Y. — An Onondaga County sheriff's deputy says he did nothing wrong in using a TASER on a woman seven months ago, and that his boss was playing politics by suspending him.
Deputy Sean Andrews wrote a lengthy e-mail to his friends and family giving his side of the arrest of Audra Harmon on Jan. 31 in a traffic stop in Salina. He blasted Sheriff Kevin Walsh for suspending him without pay for 30 days -- one week after the story was reported in The Post-Standard Aug. 13 along with a video of the arrest from Andrews' dashboard camera.
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Full story: Suspended N.Y. deputy says TASER use justified, sheriff caved to publicity

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October 3, 2011
|The Handshake - INDI Indigenous Development Inc. & Webequie First Nation
Richmond, BC (rushPRnews) 10/03/11 — Webequie First Nations and INDI Indigenous Development Inc. (INDI) have entered into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) which will see the provision of communications, safety and security services to communities and commercial clients alike in the Ring of Fire.
Chief Cornelious Wabasse says "I am excited about this MOU with INDI. Their core competencies of communications, safety, and security are three important dimensions for our community and for the future developments in the Ring of Fire. One of the exciting elements is that our own members can be trained in these areas for future employment and be part of the eventual full scale operations. We look forward to contractual opportunities with the main operators in the Ring of Fire."
"This is exciting!" said Jason Wilson, President of INDI. "As an Anishinaabe First Nations I am proud to be partners with the Webequie First Nations. We are hitting the ground running – Aboriginal relationships are key to our success, and the Ring of Fire will play a significant role in the success of INDI in Ontario in the years to come! I look forward to working with the Webequie First Nation and all communities in the future opportunities."
Webequie First Nation
Webequie First Nation is a growing Ojibway community located 540 km north of the city of Thunder Bay. Webequie First Nation is the closest community to the discovery areas in the Ring of Fire and it has over 700+ community members, many of which are actively enjoying their traditional cultural practices and harvesting activities.
INDI Indigenous Development Inc.
|The Signatures - INDI Indigenous Development Inc. & Webequie First Nation
INDI brings essential services – communications, safety and security – to Aboriginal communities and corporations working on their traditional territories. INDI is a result of collaborations with Aboriginal leaders – community and business – to seek effective business models.
For Further Information:
Mike Fox, Webequie Ring of Fire Senior Director
Jason Wilson, President
Filed Under: BREAKING NEWS, CANADIAN NEWS, Politics, PRESS RELEASE
RUSH PR NEWS newswire and press release services at rushprnews.com / AH Marketing ahmarketinggroup.com
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Can I take kids my children on vacation out-of-state without their mother's permission?
Question Details:
I am a father of 2 and planned a vacation on 12/11/09 to go to FL with my 2 kids. I want to take them to Disney World. I booked the package on online and nothing is refundable. The mother, who still lives at my house, is now not letting me take the kids. We have not been to court or plan on going to court for custody. What can I do? Do I have to ask a judge to grant me permission, if so is it to late?
If you got a really good price, it's possible that you could spend more than you've paid, to have a lawyer go into court on short notice for an injunction, and I think it's unlikely that you could win this. Your lawyer would have to (1) prepare and file a complaint for a custody or visitation ruling; (2) prepare and file an application for an Order to Show Cause, that would include an affidavit from you, and a written legal argument that the lawyer would have to research and write, and a proposed form of the Order to Show Cause. The papers would have to be served on the mother, and the court would have to be persuaded that a sufficiently serious "irreparable injury" would result, and that would have to be based on more than just the lost money. I'd be very surprised if you could get a lawyer to take this on without thousands of dollars up front, and it is absolutely not a do-it-yourself possibility.
If there's no order in place, unless you are married to the mother, you don't have any legal custody of the children at all, until a court orders otherwise.
Without a court order in place you are free to take your childen to Disney or just about anywhere else. Your children's mother could try an obtain an emergency court order to stop this (an "injunction") but since this is a vacation and not a permanent move, and you are not traveling outside of the U.S., I doubt that she could get any such order; at least not without misrepresenting the facts. This is not an emergency situation.
At this point I would just plan on taking them. Of course, there is nothing stopping her from taking the kids off somewhere first simply to spoil your plans.
As soon as practicable, you should go to court yourself to establish some type of temporary/permanent custody.
Why not offer to take the mother along on the trip to Disney? Beats attorney fees. You will need to resolve custody issues in the future unless you and the mother can come to your own agreement. Once again, beats attorney fees.


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Best Of :: People & Places
Turns out Phoenicians prefer Ferris Bueller to The Birds. This completely unscientific observation took place this summer, during Phoenix City Councilman Tom Simplot's Moonlight Movies series. The movies, shown in the amphitheater at Steele Indian School Park, drew revelers of all ages, who picnicked before the movies, and munched on popcorn and ice cream for sale by vendors through the evening. Ferris Bueller's Day Off drew the largest crowd of the summer, with The Princess Bride a close second.
Simplot was there to canoodle at every showing this summer. He marvels at the diversity of the crowd -- single, married, gay, straight -- but yes, mostly families. (Who else really wants to see Shrek 2 again?) "Young families love these movies," Simplot says. "Date night with the kids, and nobody cares if the kids are rowdy."
Lord almighty, we feel our temperature rising, especially when Mesa resident and diehard Elvis Presley fan Duke Hicks takes to the stage and unleashes his realistic reproduction of the legendary superstar. Having offered up his Elvis imitation act for more than two decades, this delivery man and part-time country musician is arguably one of the longest-lasting King clones in the Valley. He's been seen at a plethora of private parties, countless corporate functions, a regular gig at Philly's (a bar-restaurant in south Scottsdale), as well as at the Frontier Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, where Hicks says he nabbed "a rousing standing ovation" following his performance. (He's even set to star in an upcoming documentary on Elvis impersonators titled Heart of the King.) Aping what he calls "classic Elvis" (a.k.a. the skinnier, non-drug-addled version), Hicks dons a sequin-studded white jumpsuit and the King's trademark shades and croons his way through an eerily accurate rendition of Elvis' repertoire, which encompasses more than 50 songs -- from chartbusters like "Burning Love" to more subdued numbers like "You'll Never Walk Alone." Hicks admits he may have to let out his costume in the near future, as -- just like his hero -- he's developing "a little bit of a paunch." Just stay away from the pills, Duke.
Even if you ain't got big chips, there are places -- especially in Scottsdale -- where it will behoove you to act as if you do, and the J Bar is one of them. This super-slinky waterin' hole packs in the booful people on peak nights Thursdays through Saturdays, and the high-class chicas therein can smell a scrub coming from a mile away. So let us school you on how to act like you're a playa, even if your ride is a Hyundai. First, the swagger. You gotta be cocky, and a little snooty. Turn up your nose at the finest-lookin' ho's in the room; after all, it's their job to get next to you. As far as garb goes, tinted glasses are mandatory, and shabby chic always works. Wear your best shiny shirt right out of the package with a pair of your most raggedy jeans. This tells the ladies that you're rockin' so much dolo that you can afford to be lazy. Don't wash your hair for a day, then mousse it all up into spikes. And stop by the men's counter at a department store to spray on a sample of its most expensive cologne. Finally, if you don't have a gold card to throw out at the bartender, prepare a thick cash roll of mostly ones with two C-notes on top. You'll only break the first one, but the bitches' eyes will pop when they see you break out that wad. Then nurse one, maybe two martinis with your wing man and wait for the honeys to beat a path to your studliness. Yeah, baby, there's nothing like the life of a $30,000-a-year millionaire at the J Bar.
Okay, so you're no Marilyn Monroe. Neither are we. But that doesn't mean you don't deserve a little wind up your skirt once in a while, honey. Casino Arizona -- and we're not talking about that big tent off Indian Bend Road, we mean the nice building farther south on the 101 -- has six lounges, three restaurants, keno, 50 blackjack tables and almost 1,000 slots (and we hear pai gow poker could be on the way). The thing we like best about Casino Arizona is the air-conditioning system that blows from the ground up, dispersing cigarette smoke and, as a side bonus, sending a breeze your way, if you know what we mean.
Settle down, big spender. Just because the bank account is down for the count (and the casino has already cut up your Visa), don't go home just yet. You need cash in a flash -- but wanna avoid turning tricks in the parking lot -- so head for one of ZLB's two locations. Presuming you're drug- and disease-free, have strong veins in each arm, lack any recent tattoos or piercings, and can keep quiet about all your illicit trysts, you'll be getting some blood money. In exchange for a few hours -- where you can watch movies or converse with other hard-up homies -- and 880 milliliters of plasma (the protein-rich liquid part of your blood), ZLB's phlebotomists will cough up $25 for your very first visit, and $40 for your second (you'll get $20 and $30 for following weeks thereafter, respectively). Forget about a repeat bloodletting feat, though, as every plasma bank in the Valley has a 24-hour recovery period, cross-donating is verboten, and you can only get pricked twice in a seven-day period. It's not a fistful of C-notes, but at least you can get a couple more go-rounds at the $5 blackjack tables.
Everyone worships the good Lord in his or her own way. On Fridays, Muslims hit the mosque, and on Saturdays, Jews go a-synagoguing. Christians of many denominations make Sunday their day of prayer, and we fall into this category, although our chapel, if you will, is Shepherd's Nite Club, where communion is in the form of a Jack 'n' Coke, and baptism is referred to as "Super Soak-Her," a wet-tee-shirt contest like no other in our Valley of the Sin, uh, we mean, Sun. Here hot amateur gals and some off-duty pros get nearly nekkid for Jehovah, allowing gallons of very cold H2O to be poured all over their skimpy tops and thongs. That's when the Holy Ghost takes control, inspiring these heavenly honeys to crawl all over the men in the congregation, and minister to them in a religious fervor known to perform miracles such as raising the dead and making the blind see! Indeed, we like to think if Jesus comes again, he'll mosey on over to Shepherd's for a cocktail and gander at all this piety on display. After all, there's no cover, and it beats Bible study, that's for damn sure.


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Hi All,
Wanted to introduce myself to the forum... I'm Joe, picking up my '08 WRX tomorrow - can't wait! Got a 4door, 5MT, premium package - gotta have those heated seats up in Boston - in WR Blue Mica.
Pics will be up soon, I promise!
Looking forward to the experience!


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The family of an ailing, pregnant American woman missing in Afghanistan with her Canadian husband has broken months of silence over the mysterious case, making public appeals for the couple's safe return.
James Coleman, the father of 27-year-old Caitlan Coleman, told The Associated Press over the weekend that she was due to deliver in January and needed urgent medical attention for a liver ailment that required regular checkups. He said he and his wife, Lyn, last heard from their son-in-law Josh on Oct. 8 from an Internet cafe in what he described as an "unsafe" part of Afghanistan. The Colemans asked that Josh be identified by his first name only to protect his privacy.
The couple had embarked on a journey last July that took them to Russia, the central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and then finally to Afghanistan.
Our goal is to get them back safely…
View original post 898 more words


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Welcome, skip to the content.
Friday 26 February 2016 | From Dairy Australia
Dairy Australia, in partnership with Victorian Regional Development Programs (RDPs), is offering six new industry-based dairy extension roles to work with Victorian and Riverina dairy farmers.
Working within the GippsDairy, Murray Dairy and WestVic Dairy RDP teams the six new Regional Extension Officers will be responsible for connecting with farmers and the wider dairy industry to deliver effective extension programs and services.
Dairy Australia Program Manager, Neil Webster, said the new full-time roles were about delivering high-quality extension outcomes that support practice change on farms to enable farmers to run successful businesses that are profitable, sustainable and competitive.
"These are great opportunities for skilled professionals who know how to work with farmers to deliver a range of services and technical programs," Mr Webster said.
Working as part of an established team, the successful applicants will be self-starters with strong planning and organising skills capable of building effective relationships with the region's dairy farmers, service providers, other extension providers and training organisations.
"They will bring a strong understanding of farming systems, technical aspects of farm production and dairy farmer's requirements," he said.
Nationally Dairy Australia has taken greater responsibility for the delivery of extension services to dairy farmers and works with a range of providers to meet regional needs. The new roles in Victoria see Dairy Australia assuming responsibility for the delivery of productivity-based extension from July, with programs such as Feedbase, Animal nutrition and Animal health in addition to current delivery of Farm Business Management and People programs.
Mr Webster said Dairy Australia is committed to delivering the extension services the industry needs both now and in the future.
"RDPs work with partners, including DEDJTR, to manage the coordination and delivery of extension, ensuring what is delivered to dairy farmers lines up with their needs and regional priorities. Currently a number of activities are being rolled out in response to the challenging seasonal conditions being experienced in most parts of Victoria.
"This extension model works very well across other dairy regions and we look forward to continuing to build the extension effort in Victoria," Mr Webster said.
The Victorian RDPs will soon pick up responsibility for the delivery of Feeding Pastures for Profit, a very successful program developed by DEDJTR.
"This is part of a transition that Dairy Australia and DEDJTR have worked together to ensure extension services to farmers are maintained," he said.
Applications for the dairy extension roles based in Gippsland, Northern Victoria and South West Victoria (two per region) close on March 11. Full details are available here.
Dairy Australia is the national services body for the Australian dairy industry. The company acts as the collective investment arm of the industry, investing in essential research, development, extension and industry services with the goal of making dairy farms more profitable.
To interview Neil Webster, please contact:
Mark Pearce, Media Manager, Dairy Australia
03 9694 3809 / 0417 540 059 / email@example.com


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King's College Archives
Opening hours: Monday to Friday 08.00-20.00 - free entry
Recruitment Poster, World War One collection
This exhibition marks the fiftieth birthday of the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at King's, and features some of the Archive team's favourite items relating to World War One drawn from the collections of the Liddell Hart Centre.
The subjects covered include the media portrayal of the war in 1914, the psychological manipulation involved in army recruitment, and the birth of the tank.
The exhibition complements a Liddell Hart Centre at 50 blog marking this landmark in our history.
Celebrating 50 years of the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives is on display in the exhibition cabinets in the foyer of the main King's building in the Strand open free to the public.
© 2017 King's College London | Strand | London WC2R 2LS | England | United Kingdom | Tel +44 (0)20 7836 5454


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|Parker Procida
Parker Procida: Inside Michigan Field Hockey
Parker Procida: Inside Michigan Field Hockey
2012 Michigan Field Hockey Roster
2012 Michigan Field Hockey Roster
Senior/Junior (2015)
• Appeared in five games at forward
Junior/Sophomore (2014)
• Appeared in one game
• Made collegiate debut against VCU (Sept. 14).
Sophomore/Freshman (2013)
• Did not appear in game action
• Missed bulk of season with injury.
Freshman (2012)
• Did not see game action
• Redshirted the 2012 season.
• Graduated from Greenwich Academy (2012)
• All-Fairchester Athletic Association team (2011)
• Started every game for Greenwich Academy as a senior
• Helped Greenwich Academy to three straight FAA regular-season and tournament titles
• New England Prep School Athletic Association runner-up finish with Greenwich (2010, '11)
• Also played ice hockey and lacrosse at Greenwich Academy
• Captained the ice hockey team in the 2011-12 season
• Helped the lacrosse team to a conference title in 2010.
• Played club hockey for Fairfield County United.
• Played in Zone 3 of the USA Field Hockey Futures from 2008-12.
• Enrolled in the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, majoring in psychology and English
• Born on Sept. 2, 1993
• Daughter of Mario and Perri Procida
• Dad played basketball at Lehigh (1979-80)
• Sister, Dylan, played lacrosse at Lehigh (2007-08)
• Brother, Peter, played lacrosse at Harvard (2008-12)
Career Stats


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Pathfinder Systems, Inc.
Pathfinder Systems is a leading provider of Aircrew Trainers, including External Load and Gunnery Trainers, Simulated Weapons Systems and Weapon Mounts. We provide unique 3-D projection screens and visual systems that create a seamless display surrounding the aircrew. We provide our own, convertible crew cabins for helicopter and rotary wing training. We provide software and systems engineering services for government and industry. We offer research and development, technology development, analysis, engineering, manufacturing and support services.
A History of Excellence
We have recently delivered two Marine Corps Aircrew Trainer prototypes, the Coast Guard Aircrew Weapons Trainer, the Door Gunner Simulator for the Royal Netherlands Air Force, and three CH-53E/MH-53 External Load Trainers for the USMC and USN. We have delivered full-flight aircrew trainers for the CH-53E, UH-1Y, MV-22B, CH-47D, UH-60, MH-60J, MH-65C, NH-90, Eurocopter Cougar and C-130 aircraft. A woman-owned, veteran-owned small business, Pathfinder has provided services to the Department of Defense and other U.S. and foreign government agencies since 1985. Our systems engineering methodology supports the full systems engineering life cycle, from early concept and requirements analysis through hardware and software development, test, implementation, and system maintenance. All of our projects are tailored to meet our clients' project needs.


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CamCard Lite
Android Market link: CamCard Lite - £Free
When you get home from a meeting where you've made new contacts you'll often find yourself with a pocket full of business cards. After a long day at work the last thing you want to do is start transcribing these into your contacts book. The answer is to forget about tackling the process manually and instead just let your phone do all the hard work.
With CamCard, all you have to do is place the card on a flat surface, point your phone's camera at it and take a picture. CamCard then analyses the image and enters the text and numbers into the relevant fields in your phone's address book. This free version is limited to 10 card scans per week, but the full version, which costs £4.36, removes this limitation.
If you often find yourself manually transcribing business card contact details into your phone, then downloading CamCard Lite is a no brainer.


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* Prices may differ from that shown
I love to use a good quality facial toner at night after I have removed all of my make up. Right now, Tesco are selling the Olay Essentials Refreshing toner for half price for a 200ml sized bottle. Have just today stocked up and bought another four bottles of this as it really is a good bargain as I consider this to be really high quality product.
This toner comes in a pale plastic bottle and you can see the actual toner inside the bottle as it is slightly opaque. It has a clever clip off / on top which is great as it allows me to apply the exact amount of toner I need to my cotton wool balls, and none ever goes to waste.
The toner effectively removes all the last little traces of dirt, grime and grease that my facial wipes simply cannot manage to reach and I have to say that after I have used this, my face always feels refreshed and ever so nipping clean. I like this particular toner as it does not leave a sticky reside behind on my skin after I have used it, as I have found to be the case with some other facial toners I have used.
The bottle lasts me for ages as I never seem to have to use a lot of this in order to achieve excellent results.
Overall, it is a really useful, handy and highly effective product and I really do recommend it, especially as it is currently at a reduced price.
I have been so impressed with this toner, not only is it from one of my favourite
When I was on the lookout for a new toner I never thought I would be able to afford one from Olay. Even though I swear by their creams and serums, some of them are so expensive, I just assumed that the toner would be too as it does such an important job in the face cleaning process. However, at just £2.99 for 200ml this toner is an absolute bargain.
Olay say that this toner works to, "Gently and effectively cleanse the skin to remove dirt, oil and make-up, without losing moisture or drying out the skin. Your skin ends up feeling beautifully clean, cool and refreshed.
Olay's refreshing toner blended to be mild on skin for everyday cleansing.
The Essentials alcohol free formula, containing extracts of cucumber and aloe, effectively lifts away remaining traces of dirt and make up revitalising skin appearance without over drying.
The result? Simply clean, refreshed, beautiful skin."
The toner is extremely easy to use. I always use it in the evenings after I have removed all my make up and am getting ready for bed. The bottle has a flip cap lid so it's easy to open this and then add some of the liquid to a cotton wool pad. Then I just sweep it across my face making sure I cover it all.
The toner is lovely and refreshing and you can tell that it really works to remove any traces of make up I have left on my face because you can see it on the cotton wool pad afterwards. It's quite interesting to see as I always think I've done a good job washing my face but more dirt always comes off.
The toner is not harsh in any way and does not sting like some toners can or smell like alcohol in any way to make me feel like I am stripping my face of moisture. No, in fact, my face feels really protected and soft after I have used this toner which is why I like it so much.
A great toner for a great price.
I never used to use toner until I found out that my skin still had make up and dirt on it that didn't come off with simple washing alone. I love Olay refreshing toner because it's so cheap at Home Bargains and it works really well as it revives and tones my skin and it makes sure that all the last little traces of makeup are properly removed.
The bottle I buy is 200ml size and I don't think it comes in any smaller or larger bottles. I costs £1.79 in Home Bargains and this is the cheapest I've found it anywhere. The bottle is plastic and you can see the aqua blue liquid inside because the plastic is slightly opaque and see through.
I always use my Olay toner after I've washed or cleansed my face with wipes and I use a little bit of cotton wool to help make it easier. The liquid smells quite nice because it has a fresh fragrance and it glides across my skin and dries quite quickly afterwards. It doesn't make it feel sticky and it just makes it feel nice and fresh and extra clean. The bottle lasts me for months because I don't use it every single day, just a few times a week because I don't wear make up all of the time.
It's really a useful thing to have and now I'd miss it I think if I didn't use it.
I'd recommend this.
I would describe my skin as normal so I am lucky that I can use most brands without any problems. I have used a lot of Olay products over the years and always find them to be kind and gentle to my skin. I am using other cleansers and moisturisers at the present but am using this Olay refreshing toner. I find that toner will always last me a lot longer than the other skin care products as I don't use it every day. I would say that I probably use it around twice a week as I don't feel that I need to use it every day and this is how often I have always used toner.
I bought this 200ml bottle for £1.99 from Boots but you can get it widely from chemists and supermarkets for around the same price. It is suitable for normal, dry or combination skin and is dermatologically tested, hypo-allergenic and is said to be mild enough to use morning and evening daily without drying your skin. It comes in a plastic bottle showing the Olay logo, the ingredients and instructions for use. The toner itself is a pale blue colour and it doesn't really much smell to it apart from a very faint fresh clean smell.
To use the toner I tip it onto a piece of cotton wood or a cotton wood pad and gently wipe it around my face and neck but avoiding the eye area. If I have missed any dirt or make up when I have used my cleanser the toner will pick this up and you can clearly see it on the cotton wool. You do get a sort of a tingly feeling when you are using it but it doesn't sting or irritate, but you can just feel as if it is getting deep down in your skin. I have never experienced any tightness or feeling of dryness during or after using the toner. I will usually wait for a few minutes before applying any moisturiser to make sure that the toner has completely absorbed into my skin.
I have used toners in the past which are far more expensive than this as I am not loyal to one brand, and I can honestly say that this toner does just as good a job. It is suitable for all skin types and all ages and is it is readily available to buy. I find it very gentle but effective on my skin and it really does remove the last traces of dirt and make up on my face and leaves it feeling clean and refreshed. Also it is certainly good value if you can pick it up for £1.99 and it comes recommended by me.
Olay Essentials Refreshing Toner Normal/Dry/Combination Skin blended to be mild on skin for every day cleansing / The gentle alcohol free formula, containing extracts of cucumber and aloe, effectively lifts away remaining traces of dirt and makeup revitalising skin appearances without over drying.


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Comparison of Breathing Event Detection by a CPAP Device to Clinical Polysomnography
This study has been completed.
Philips Respironics
Information provided by:
Philips Respironics
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: February 3, 2009
Last updated: July 28, 2010
Last verified: July 2010
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
|Study Status:
|This study has been completed.
|Study Completion Date:
|August 2009
|Primary Completion Date:
|August 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Certification or Request for Extension to Delay Results Received:
|July 19, 2010


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Aztecs Extend Lead at MW Swimming & Diving Championships
Feb. 21, 2013
SAN ANTONIO, Texas - The San Diego State swimming and diving team turned in solid performances in each of Thursday's five events as it extended its first-place lead at the 2013 Mountain West Championships being conducted in San Antonio, Texas, this week. Along the way three school records were and several Aztec top 10 times were established.
The Aztecs ended day two of the meet with 291.5 points. A tight battle for second place has Nevada with 186 points, UNLV with 178 and Wyoming with 173. Just behind that trio in fifth is defending champion Boise State (165.5) followed by New Mexico (157), Fresno State (148) Colorado State (1202) and Air Force (96).
San Diego State's top individual effort of the day came from junior Mikaela Macklin, who set a Mountain West and SDSU record in the prelims of the 200 individual medley with a time of 1:58.10. Macklin then came back for the evening finals of that event and won it in 1:57.73 to break the record she set earlier in the day.
SDSU opened Thursday's evening finals session just as it did the previous day, by winning the opening relay. This time it was the foursome of Leona Jennings, Katelyn Weddle, Gemma Johnson and Whitney Weisz that won the 400 medley relay with a time of 3:35.60. That mark established a new SDSU record by over three seconds and was just .01 second off the Mountain West all-time record as well.
The Aztecs then racked up thee team points in the 500 freestyle as Kelly Marquenie (4:43.41), Melanie Garibaldi (4:44.90) and Jessica Crider went 2-3-4 in the final. Marquenie's time was a school record eclipsing her old mark by just over a second while Garibaldi's time ranks second-best in school history. In addition to that trio, Meghan Zimmer and Dana Michaels finished first and eighth respectively in the B final to garner more points for their team.
The 50 freestyle race saw a trio of Aztecs finish among the top seven with marks that rank second through fourth on the SDSU all-time list. Gemma Johnson captured fourth place in 22.96 while teammate Maddy Dalcamo was fifth in 22.97 and Chelsea Bailey took seventh in 23.14.
In the 3-meter diving competition, junior Anna Steiner qualified for the finals with a seventh-place finish in the prelims with a score of 273.63. She improved on that score (to 314.40) in the finals to capture fifth place in the event. A trio of divers finished just outside the top 16 in the prelims with Kelsey Bean 17th (236.91), Rafaella Suarez 19th (235.44) and Ashley Stott 20th (226.26). The divers will have an off-day on Friday with the platform competition schedule for Saturday's evening finals session.
Action resumes Friday (Feb. 22) morning at 11:00 a.m. (CT) with prelims in the 400 individual medley, 100 butterfly, 200 freestyle, 100 backstroke and 100 backstroke. The finals of those five events along with the 200 free relay will commence at 6:00 p.m. (CT) that evening.
Complete up-to-the minute coverage of the 2013 Mountain West Championships including live scoring can be found by clicking here>.
Day Two Team Standings 1. San Diego State...291.5 2. Nevada............186 3. UNLV..............178 4. Wyoming...........173 5. Boise State.......165.5 6. New Mexico........157 7. Fresno State......148 8. Colorado State....102 9. Air Force.........96


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The VBA Drops the Ball Once Again
Earlier this month, VA Undersecretary for Benefits Allison Hickey released an article about the effectiveness of the Department of Veterans Affairs new pilot programs to reduce benefit claim waiting times and increase accuracy rates. Their new initiative is this:
"Start processing the oldest claims first."
Since the majority of claims are still processed through paper records, one would think that the oldest claims would have always been processed first, since they, ostensibly, were filed before newer claims.
In fact, one of the Veterans Benefits Administration's flagship programs, the Veterans Benefits Management System (VBMS) was developed in 2010 and was scheduled for implementation in 2012. Unfortunately, despite wide-scale implementation of this software, this system has yet to fully complete even the simplest of disability claims end to end. Yet taxpayers are shelling out billions for rushed, poorly designed and ineffective schemes. (More details to come in a soon-to-be-released publication.)
What Hickey's article inadvertently says is that they have prioritized their new programs in order to drive down the processing times. Well, it works. Newer programs like the Integrated Disability Evaluation System, a joint VA-DOD program, have been producing substantially lower waiting times and increased accuracy rates. But it also means that the VA has essentially been cooking the books.
Hickey gets to take her numbers to Congress, commenting on the efficacy of her initiatives while carefully omitting the fact that not only have they changed how they calculate accuracy rates (see my previous post) but that they're also prioritizing the new programs.
The truth is that old claims are old, and inaccurate, because they keep getting shuffled to the bottom in order to justify newer initiatives. These initiatives ultimately end up folding under pressure more than Tony Romo.


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We are manufacturer of negin and sargol saffron and able to deliver in bulk and small bag.Saffron, with its sweet smell reminiscent of honeyed hay, and glorious golden color, has long been prized throughout history as a delicious spice and a valuable golden-yellow food dye. Produced from a beautiful purple crocus, the parts used to make both spice and dye are the stigma and styles, tiny protrusions from the heart of the flower. So small are these parts that it takes between 50, 000 and 75, 000 flowers to produce one pound of the dried spice, making it no surprise that it is said to be worth its weight in gold! High quality saffron is saffron which has a decent coloring capabilities (completely red ) , and has a pleasant aroma.Originating in Southwest Asia, it is now cultivated in large amounts in Iran, Spain, India, Greece, Azerbaijan, Morocco, and Italy. Iran accounts for nearly 94% of the world´s production.
Company websites
www Main site


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"Act like you've been there before."
I honestly can't remember the first time I heard this phrase. It might have been my freshman year of high school, when I was an offensive guard on the Deerfield "B" team and never needed to worry about what I might do when I found the endzone. It was likely much earlier than that; perhaps at some point from my dad, who coached every baseball team I ever played on leading up to high school.
The point is that it stuck with me, more so than many NFL players who get paid millions of dollars to score touchdowns, yet behave like it is the most foreign concept ever when it actually happens.
That won't be the case in Jacksonville this season with head coach Mike Mularkey's Jaguars, though.
Mularkey earlier this week revealed that, every time one of his players scores a TD this season and hands the ball to the referee in lieu of a silly celebration that could potentially hurt his team, he will donate $250 to the Ronald McDonald House charity. The Jaguars organization will then match Mularkey's contribution.
Seriously, how cool is that?
At a time when the NFL can't seem to shake negative publicity — from "bountygate," to many of the league's most popular players' blatant disregard for the law, to jeopardizing the legitimacy of the player safety directive by going to war with game officials over a few bucks — Mularkey has ensured the focus in Jacksonville is on the team, not any one individual player.
Think Maurice Jones-Drew got the memo?
After all, successful NFL teams are only as good as the sum of their parts. Mularkey clearly understands that, and I salute him for his efforts to make sure his entire football team receives the message.
Of course, I am not naïve enough to pretend Mularkey's players can do no wrong. I already mentioned Mojo's holdout, which is the epitome of putting himself before his team. There is no question top pick Justin Blackmon wasn't thinking about his teammates when he got behind the wheel after drinking enough to inebriate an elephant.
That doesn't mean this can't resonate with those players. Perhaps it prompts the light to finally go on. Perhaps it doesn't. Regardless, it's an awesome gesture that will cost Mularkey and the organization very little in comparison to the major impact it will make to those in need.
I'll admit: I wasn't thrilled with the Mularkey hiring back in January. I thought Panthers offensive coordinator Rob Chudzinski made more sense — not because he would have been a sexier hire — but because he would have been more in line with new owner Shahid Khan's directive for his club to learn how to effectively move the football through the air. However, I've been thoroughly impressed with the tone Mularkey has set with his club this offseason. Sure, the threats of $10,000 fines for his players talking about injuries was over the top, but he has managed to keep the Jaguars a tightly knit group, despite the distractions of Jones-Drew and Blackmon.
Instead, this is exactly the type of distraction both the Jaguars and the NFL need. One can at least hope it serves as a valuable lesson for players, coaches and front-office bigwigs who need to be knocked down a couple of pegs. It sends a great message to the fans, some of whom are turned off at this point by all the turmoil off the field.
As for Mularkey, his tenure in Jacksonville will ultimately be decided by how many games he wins. This incentive program can help if it strengthens the camaraderie of his club.
There are no awards for winning in the offseason. Still, Mularkey has been impressive this offseason, not only because he has acted like he has been here before, but because his actions suggest he is poised to make his second go around a much greater success.


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The little lady claims to be a doctor - from the future, no less! Beware of her, as she's causing no end of problems. Mostly for Sam, who is real skittish about the law. But trouble or not, the man can't seem to stop himself from wanting Reese - and learning - firsthand what women from the future like to do with hot, hard cowboys!
©2009 Jade Lee; (P)2009 Audible, Inc.
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Smoke rose from the eastern gate of the palace early on Tuesday after more than a half dozen explosions and at least 45 minutes of on-and-off small arms fire.
The Taliban sent a quick text-message statement saying "we brought death to the enemy".
The palace is in a large fortified area of downtown Kabul that also includes the US embassy and the headquarters for the Nato-led coalition forces.
Reporters gathering for an event with President Hamid Karzai counted at least seven or eight explosions starting about 6.30am local time on Tuesday.
Police had no immediate comment.
Meanwhile, 11 members of one family were killed when a minibus hit a bomb buried in the road in southern Afghanistan, officials said.
Kandahar governor's spokesman Ahmad Jawed Faisal said the bus hit the device on a road north-west of Kandahar city at about 7.45am local time, killing eight women, two children and a man. Two other men were injured.
Mr Faisal said all of the victims were relatives but that he had no further details.
- More about:
- Afghanistan
- Armed Conflict
- Hamid Karzai
- Middle East
- Police


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With version 8, Capture One is more and more becoming the complete workflow package for me
Christian Fletcher, Landscape Photographer
Capture One Pro 8 is a professional RAW converter offering you ultimate image quality with accurate colors and incredible detail from more than 300 high-end cameras – straight out of the box. It offers state-of-the-art tethered capture, powerful digital asset management, extensive adjustment tools and a flexible workflow.
With an updated processing engine, market-leading performance and powerful new features, Capture One Pro 8 is the professional choice in imaging software. You get the highly responsive precision tools you need to create stunning images from your camera's RAW files in a time-saving workflow that can be customized to fit your needs.
With Capture Pilot, you can trigger a capture remotely* and browse, rate and examine images remotely, as they are shot. Capture Pilot enables a wireless connection between a web browser or iOS device with the current Capture One Session or Catalog.
*For supported and connected cameras
Let your clients follow the shoot and give feedback with Capture Pilot to ease up the workflow and save time selecting shots for further editing. While using Capture Pilot with the IQ250 digital back, you can leverage location data from your Apple iOS devices to embed your GPS coordinates in your images.
Media Pro is a photo manager that makes it easy to manage your photo and video assets. Built to be fast and intuitive, it is a powerful photography assistant that will supercharge the way you find, organize, and share your images and videos wherever your files are stored.
Media Pro supports photo and video files from more than 100 different cameras and is built to manage large photo libraries.
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Nature in summer vacation at the Gastein Valley in Salzburg country
Active and healthy summer in Gastein
The STERN, is a vacation, hiking, wellness and Golf Hotel with plenty of relaxation. The location of the hotel on the outskirts of Bad Hofgastein guarantees peace and relaxation. If you want to visit the city center it's just a short walk in a fascinating landscape. With the free city bus it's just a few minutes. The STERN Team - authentic.charming.personal always has an open ear for the guests. Take time to enjoy your vacation in Bad Hofgastein.
Sommer holidays in Austria
The region - you can not get enough of the amazing scenery, the colorful meadows (Almen), the woods, the rocky peaks reflected in the mountain lakes. We are proud of our flowering gardens surrounding the hotel, across the unobstructed view of the fascinating mountain world.
Beautiful and valuable are the days at the STERN, when you have time and can be pampered ...
The vacation Hotel Zum Stern
in Bad Hofgastein
- have time for a book, a conversation, to think
- cordial staff, charming ambience, personal atmosphere
- breakfast, dinner, and relax on the panoramic sun terrace
- daily Austrian pastries from the STERN kitchen
- barbecues on warm summer evenings
- each of our cozy rooms has a balcony - everywhere the views of the Gastein mountains
- homemade jams and juices from locally harvested fruits and herbs
- panoramic indoor pool with 30° warm spring water, extra towels if needed
- fantastic sauna "Sternenreich", extra towels are provided
- generous tables in the restaurant
- you hire for free the bicycles for your tour through the valley
- buggies (on request) loan
Have a nice time!
The hiking Hotel Zum Stern
- recovery is nowhere better than in the crystal clear mountain air
- your hike/hiking tour begins at our doorstep
- weekly guided hikes
- each month themed hiking weeks
- herb collecting during the group hike
- get to know nature and the mountains
- "natural and homemade tastes so good" - enjoy the surrounding pastures (Almen), fresh mountain air awakens the appetite
- learn Nordic Walking with our Nordic Walking Instructor
- you put together the snack for your hiking tour from the breakfast buffet "what your heart desires"
We wish eventful moments!
The Wellness Hotel Zum Stern
Medicinal herbs from the local mountains show their unfailing effect, a massage gives the body freshness, our Iveta "presses" exactly where it is needed! EASE!
- wide range of massages and beauty treatments
- weekdays fitprogramm: back exercises, Nordic walking, hiking, water aerobics, Qigong
- beauty treatments with valuable natural products
- health; we organixe your Gastein Cure with the Gastein healing cave
Let go of everything at you Wellness Hotel zum Stern.
The golf Hotel zum Stern
- Golf Partner Hotel Zum Stern - 25% off Green Fees
- only 4 km to the 18-hole golf course
- golf bag storage
- free transfer from hotel to golf course Gastein
- golf courses for beginners, intermediate
- get to know golf - taster
- reservation of tee times for your game
We wish a beautiful and relaxed game.
Bad weather?
We turn on the saunas the whole day, organize joint Cards hours, give you tips for a suitable excursion etc.
Do you know the Gastein healing galleries and their unique effect on health. In an introductory entrance you learn more about it.


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Every once in a while I crunch the numbers to figure out which drivers move the most air for the least money. Here are the current winners for 2013:
#3 : Alpine SWR-1522D
Third place goes to the Alpine SWR-1522D. It displaces more air than anything else in this list - 1.6 liters to be exact. It's also more expensive than our other winners, but would be a great match for a big powerful amp. Here's the details:
volume displacement : 1.6 liters
cost : $199
displacement per dollar : 8.06 milliliters per dollar
#2 : Alpine SWS-15D2
Second place goes to the next 'notch' down from the Type R. The Alpine Type S SWS-15D2. It doesn't move as much air as the type R, but it also costs a lot less. Based on the data from Alpine, I believe that both the Type R and the Type S have a flat BL curve. So both woofers are a good match for high power amps; the Type R a little bit more so.
Here's the details:
volume displacement : 1.17 liters
cost : $129.99
Displacement per dollar : 8.99 milliliters per dollar
#1 : Pyle PPA15
First place goes to the Pyle PPA15. Basically a low tech motor and a big cone, but very very cheap. The Pyle 'only' moves half a liter of air, but can be had for as little as $40 online. With shipping, it works out to about $55. At that rate, it has a small edge over the Alpine Type S.
Some notes on the contest:
1) There may be competing woofers which are more affordable. I crunched the numbers on about 20 candidates. If you have a candidate, post it.
2) Shipping is going to play a huge factor in who wins. For instance, you can get the Pyle from Overstock and have it delivered free; that will upset which driver moves the most air for the least money.
3) Get these deals while you can. Nearly every woofer that made my 'leaderboard' last time around has been discontinued. (Audio Psychosis • View topic - The Bass Race) Exodus Audio, Mach 5 and TC Sounds owned the charts last time. Two years down the road, the woofers that won are no longer being produced.


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Building relevant skills for your future.
In order to be relevant in the workplace, you need skills that are relevant to the demands of today's technology driven world. National American University offers focused Information Technology degree programs both on-campus and online in the areas of networking, database and programming as well as programs for specialized skills in the areas you need to meet the challenges of today's organizations. Whether you're looking for a computer security degree with on-campus courses, or an information systems degree online, NAU offers it all.
Search for a Program
Careers in Information Technology
With the ever-changing and growing world of technology, today's work force is in need of skilled professionals in this field. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, "The high demand for the services provided by this industry has created a large number of fast-growing and high-paying IT jobs." Here are just a few of the fast growing careers in the IT industry:
- Computer and Information Systems Managers
- Information Security Analysts
- Database Administrators
- Network and Computer Systems Administrators
(Occupation information from O*NET Online, 2015, http://www.onetonline.org/)
*Program offerings vary by location. Contact your local campus to receive more information!


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Nominate a museum or gallery exhibition, activity or project which, in your opinion, offers a family-friendly experience and explain in writing why it should win. Museums and galleries are also welcome to nominate themselves. The exhibition or activity must have taken place during the calendar year 2004. The closing date for nominations will be February 1 2005. Please send your nominations to Guardian Family-Friendly Museum Award, 119 Farringdon Road, London EC1R 3ER. You can also email email@example.com
To support the Kids in Museums Campaign and order a free A4 leaflet designed by artist Quentin Blake, please send an A4 SAE to the same postal address, or download and print it from this site.


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I had a few hours of down time tonight so I did some exploring on
Google Maps in Alaska.
I followed route 11 north of Fairbanks all the way to the oil field entrance.
Using street view there are some spectacular views of a lot of land.
The pipeline parallels and crosses the road in spots.
I have no idea how you would travel this road. There are NO gas stations.
There is NO food. There is great scenery.


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The green fairy here is two spoonfuls of absinthe on each warm almond and lime cake, which turns these into treats for 18-year-olds and up. Perfect for those intimate moments when a little absinthe might make the heart grow fonder. These quantities make nine cakes.
175g caster sugar
100g unsalted butter
Zest of 2 smallish limes
1 large egg
150g ground almonds
125ml milk
150g superfine self-raising cake flour
75g icing sugar
3 tsp lime juice
1 small piece of angelica, shredded
Preheat the oven to 180C/350F/gas mark 4. Cut 10cm squares of baking parchment and press one into each buttered pocket of a deep muffin tin - the mixture will weigh down the paper and the corners will poke up like handkerchief points around the cakes. Beat the sugar, butter and lime zest until light and fluffy. Add the egg and almonds, beat until creamy, then add the milk and beat until fluffy again - don't worry if it looks slightly curdled, everything's still OK. Sift the flour, then add to the egg mixture and stir until smooth.
Divide the mixture evenly between the paper cases, and bake for 30-35 minutes, until risen and golden. Remove from the oven and leave until almost cold, then spoon two teaspoons of neat absinthe over each cake. Beat the icing sugar with the lime juice. Drizzle a thick, psychedelic swirl over each cake, then decorate each with shards of shredded angelica.


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Designs by lisabarbero
Lisa Barbero
Rochester NY USA
Well-loved, retro-vintage vibes, and quirky takes on traditional motifs. Contact me for license info at lisabarbero.com.
Shop Tags
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abstract, geometric, floral, retro, vintage, modern, flowers, dots, hand drawn, spots, polka dots, flower, leaves, stripes, shapes, circles, baby, nursery, kids, cute, fantasy, painted, beach, tropical, fairy tale, tiles, brick, vacation, unicorns, painterly, black and white, illustration, doodle, blossom, sketch, nature, rose, purple, holiday, simple, cream, minimal, yellow, painting, sweet, roses, summer, lines, large scale repeat, chevron, plaid, ditsy, christmas, stars, ice cream, tartan, honey, bees, drops, quirky, mod, feathers, teal, winter, zigzag, neutral, bedding, seventies, pink, gray, rainbow, orange, grey, tribal, bohemian, 70s, boho, grunge, rain, navy, children, trees, gold, plants, diamond, check, blocks, clover, checks, square, blue, forest, drawing, squares, 90s, girls, circle, grid, vine, polkadots, midsummer, colors, classic, soft, round, monster, green, pillow, mosaic, holidays, sweets, colorful, creatures, cushion, red, cheater quilt, quilt, snow, flora, snowflakes, antique, beige, traditional, quatrefoil, collection, pastel, eggs, patchwork, double take, tan, childrens, folk art, gender neutral, artist, unique


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Advanced Search
The Scottish Parliament building is located in the Holyrood area of central Edinburgh at the foot of the Royal Mile, on Horse Wynd, opposite the Palace of Holyroodhouse.
The map below shows the location of the Parliament building. Selecting 'View Larger Map' will open Google Maps which has the option to get directions from your current location to the Parliament.
Visitors can use the Lothian Buses service numbers 35 (nearest stop Canongate) and 6 (nearest stop Horse Wynd).
There are a number of other bus routes a short walking distance away. Details of all local bus services can be obtained from Traveline.
The Parliament building is a 15-minute walk from Edinburgh Waverley train station. Information about train services to and from Edinburgh is available from National Rail.
Our postcode is EH99 1SP.
The nearest car parks are St John's Hill or adjacent to Waverley Station, via New Street.
A small number of public parking spaces are reserved for disabled people on Horse Wynd. Please note that these parking bays are for visitors to the Holyrood area in general, not just for visitors to the Parliament. If use of the bays has to be suspended, an alternative will be offered, such as use of five parking bays on Broad Pavement. Parking for people with a disabled person's parking permit is permitted on single yellow lines and these are available near to the Parliament building. It is possible to drop off passengers in the bays on Horse Wynd, even if parking has to be obtained further away.
if you are attending a parliamentary event and require further information about parking arrangements please get in touch with the event organiser
Coach drivers must use the turning circle in front of Our Dynamic Earth on Holyrood Road for drop off and pick up of passengers. Coaches may stop here for up to 15 minutes. This is the only facility for coaches to drop off and pick up passengers. Coach parking is available at Regent Road. It is a short walk to the Parliament's public entrance from Our Dynamic Earth. Visitors should turn right as they come out of the turning circle and use the walkway through the landscaped area to reach the public entrance on Horse Wynd.
If you require to be dropped off or collected when visiting the Scottish Parliament you can use the turning circle at Dynamic Earth. For anyone with mobility access needs the accessible parking bays on Horse Wynd, opposite the public entrance to the Parliament building, can be used as a designated drop off and pick up point for visitors with mobility access needs. Please note that these parking bays are owned and managed by the City of Edinburgh Council and can be used by all blue badge holders. There is therefore no guarantee that a space there will be available.
If you are attending a parliamentary event and require further information about parking arrangements please get in touch with the event organiser.
The nearest public cycle racks are located next to the Holyrood Lodge house building on Horse Wynd.
For information about visiting, tours and booking tickets for debates email firstname.lastname@example.com
0131 348 5200 or freephone 0800 092 7600


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There are so many cool things to do in Riga, that I wish I had discovered them much sooner. I have been living and working in Tallinn, Estonia for the last six months or so, which is so near to Riga, that I should have visited before now.
I've seen most of Europe, and it seems that every time I leave Estonia I have to go through Riga to get anywhere, so naturally you would think I had explored Riga much more! Sadly no. I didn't know what to ddo in Riga when I went, but when I finally did, I found that it has almost as beautiful an Old Town as Tallinn, and is definitely a must see in the Baltics. Actually to be honest, Riga is now one of my favorite little cities in all of Europe!
If you havn't been, and don't know what to do in Riga, it's probably because you havn't really heard of it before, and it hasn't hit your travel radar yet. Well I have discovered a gem, and I'm here to share it! So here are my pick for what to do in Riga, top things to do in Riga and what to see in Riga!
10 Best Things to do in Riga
1. Central Market, a colorful, Soviet-style market, is one of the largest in Europe and has Riga's cheapest produce. If you are in town, this is definitely one of the must-do things in Riga.
2. Latvian Ethnographic Open-Air Museum is made up of dozens of farmhouses, churches and windmills that provide a record of a bygone country life. It shows all five regions of the area in one place. This is probably something you havn't heard of to visit, and neither had I. Nevertheless, its one Riga thing to do that you wont regret.
3. The House of Blackheads in Riga Town Hall Square is an amazing piece of architecture that you will definitely want to see. Put it on your list, because it's one of the best things to do in Riga! If you were wondering what to do in Riga, this is where I'd start. Its centrally located and the best places to stay are near here, so you will run into it eventually anyway!
4. Freedom Monument It is topped a bronze female Liberty holding up three stars facing west, representing three regions of Latvia. Not long Years ago you could get deported to Siberia just for placing flowers at the base of it! Feel free to now though.
5. Cili Pizza may not have the top gourmet pizza, but it does have five locations, and best of all it is great for the budget-conscious traveler! Its definitely a local favorite, and a great thing to do in Riga.
6. Vecriga (Old City Riga) – Full of small squares where you can drink good local beer in the open air in summer, or huddle over a hot bar snack in winter, Riga's Old Town is one of the nicest places to wander. On of the best things to do in Riga! These are the kinds of places I always search for anywhere in Eastern Europe, so if you're wondering what to do in Riga, just head here.
7. Latvian National Opera– a unique architectural masterpiece of the 19th century with guided tours and fantastic performances. Check out the building, and/or go to an actual show. Either way, its a sweet Riga attraction.
8. Gutmanis Cave is covered in graffiti dating back to the 16th century. Legend states the water has healing powers to it. So if you are sore from walking around, or just have the every-day run of the mill hangover, head on over to the cave and see if the legend is true! Another great thing to do in Riga!
9. Peter's Church Tower offers a view that will make you feel you are on top of the world! What to do in Riga is take the elevator to the top of this tower for a breath taking, bird's eye view of Riga. A perfect way to enjoy the sunset. Doesn't every traveler love to get that panoramic photo of the city on their travels?
10. Museum of the Occupation of Latvia is a powerful experience showing the effects of the Nazi occupation. Roughly half the population of Riga are Russians placed there by the Soviet Union after this, so it is a real controversial topic. Don't miss this, its one of things to do in Riga that you didn't know about, but won't want to miss. It might not be the most glamorous of all the things to do in Riga, but its one of the most educational. Most people don't get to the Baltics too often, so learning some of its history first hand here at the museum is of the great things to see in Riga.
Riga has tons of places to stay, and I would recommend getting as close to the beautiful Old Town as possible, just like I do in any city in Europe. To find best prices on hotels I use Hotels Combined. I am also an affilite of theirs, meaning that if you book a stay through my links I could get a small commission at no extra charge to you! So if you're heading to Riga, click HERE to check out the best deals! Then let me know your favorite places and things to do in Riga!
Justin Carmack
Latest posts by Justin Carmack (see all)
- YOUR ULTIMATE SOUTH GOA GUIDE - March 28, 2017
- Episode 16: Gili Meno - March 24, 2017
- Episode 15: The Gili Islands - March 24, 2017


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Charlie Chaplin: A Profile
For thirty years, Charlie Chaplin was the most famous man in the movies, recognized all over the world. Unlike "talkies" which depended on the audience understanding the language, silent films were accessible in every country.
This biography traces his life from his impoverished childhood in South London, his meteoric rise to fame and fortune, his bitter exile in Switzerland during the McCarthy years, and the belated tributes from Hollywood in the seventies. Intercut with clips from his popular films are the commentary of authors and critics, such as David Robinson and Derek Malcolm. After several unhappy marriages he found stability in his later years with Oona O'Neill, who bore him eight children. His son, Eugene, recollects about their life.
Charlie Chaplin was the first screen actor to gain world wide acclaim as an artist. In a way, this respect and admiration signaled a new dignity to the infant industry.
|Streaming Access (1-year)
|Streaming Access (3-year)
|Streaming Access (Perpetual)


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Antique Tobacco Jars
Tobacco jars have been used since the 1700s to store pipe tobacco. They've been made with a variety of materials, including tin, wood, and pewter, but most are pottery jars, made of porcelain, majolica, or bisque. In the mid-19th century, figural tobacco jars (shaped like people or animals) became popular.
Tobacco jars from the 1950s and '60s are also considered collectible, though they're not as ornate as earlier jars. Jars from the turn of the century are the most in-demand. Reproductions are common, so be sure to do your research before purchasing.
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In this post, Azra concludes her series of reviews of American Crime. Read her earlier reviews here.Spoilers ahead—you've been warned!Last week, American Crime concluded on ABC. I hadn't reviewed the past several shows, as Aliyah's time on screen became more and more limited with the show focusing on some of the other character's concerns. She was able to work with her brother Carter's attorney to have his case thrown out of court, in conjunction with Carter's girlfriend, Aubry, confessi … [Read more...]
American Crime Series Recapped
American Crime Episode 5 Recap
Azra continues her review of the TV show American Crime. Read her earlier review here. (Spoiler alerts ahead!)It was a quiet show for Aliyah this week, where she shared only one scene with her brother, Carter. She sets him up with an apartment in Modesto, and has a job lined up for him at the masjid. He's still struggling with calling her by her Muslim name:It goes downhill for Carter once Aliyah leaves, as he: meets Aubry, loses his tracking device, sets off to leave the country, … [Read more...]
American Crime Episode 4 Recap
Azra continues her review of the TV show American Crime. Read her earlier review here. (Spoiler alerts ahead!)American Crime settled into a more police-procedural tone last week, as Carter attended his bail hearing. We get to know more about Aliyah this episode, as she devotes herself to helping her brother. They continue their strained, racially charged relationship, when she visits him in jail along with an attorney. She still insists he change his behavior and try to get his life back on … [Read more...]
American Crime Review: Introducing Aliyah Shadeed
On Thursday nights in the United States, ABC airs American Crime, an 11-part series that looks at a murder that took place in Modesto, California. The story doesn't follow the detectives around as they solve a mystery-of-the-week like most crime shows, though, and instead focuses on the lives of everyone else involved and the relationships between one another.Each week reveals a new layer of information for each of the characters, who include:the couple—a murdered husband and a … [Read more...]
A Muslim Woman Is Running for Congress – So What?
This post was written by Laila Alawa (@lulainlife).There's a new face in town this congressional election season in the United States, and she isn't here to contribute to the general elderly white male trope that is usually the case, plastered across campaign posters and events. Cheryl Sudduth is set to run for Congress, hoping to represent the 11th congressional district of California. Ms. Sudduth hopes to improve the public education system, and close the achievement gap for the commu … [Read more...]
The Invisible Muslimah
What's the first image that comes to your mind when you think of a Muslim woman? Is she Arab or South Asian? White or maybe Afghan or Indonesian? Notice that I haven't mentioned African American (and also Latina). The media depiction of Muslim women usually does not include African American women. Often, Muslim women are depicted as coming from the Middle East or South Asia, and occasionally sub-Saharan Africa. Also, there has been increasing focus on Muslimahs of European descent, especially … [Read more...]