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Right many threads are popping up now im after a sub and amp etc on budgets hopefully this should help with giving you advice on a budget sub and amp or choosing your own setup
Choosing the correct subwoofer
Choosing the subwoofer is important as is choosing everything else In an audio system
When working on budgets you need to find the best power for price
When choosing a sub most spec will consists of these headings
·Frequency Response
·Power Handling, Peak
·Power Handling, RMS
·Mounting Depth
Frequency Response
The Frequency Response is the input signal of the subwoofer and what it can handle
The response rating is from lowest and the highest of the subwoofer.
The sensitivity is the measure of how loud the subwoofer is along side the efficiently of the sub woofer, so the higher the sensitivity the better the sub will as it will be more efficient in theory so if a sub has 89db and then a different sub has 93 the sub with 93 will be more efficient
The impedance is the subs resistance, this is measured in ohms, (and reading ohms law will be very helpful). this is the current of the sub when wiring to an amp which is very important so if a amp is 4 ohm stable then the sub has to be 4 ohm stable as you CANT wire into 2 ohm as this means to much current will be fed to the sub and knacker your equipment.
Power Handling, Peak
The peak power of the sub woofer is the maximum the sub can take at any given time.
Power Handling, RMS
This is the continuous power of the sub woofer, this is a rated power that the sub can handle so the higher the RMS the power powerful the sub is.
Mounting Depth
This is the depth the sub needs when being mounted in a enclosure
Subwoofer wiring
You can get 2 different types of subwoofer single voice coil and dual voice coil subs
Single voice coil have one set of terminals
Dual voice coil have two sets of terminals
This means you can wire the dual voice coils in more ways than a single voice coil sub.
Subwoofer Enclosures
Right there are different types of enclosures these are
The generic information about these boxess
·Sealed box sealed box are a enclosure which are airtight. These are recommend for music that will require tight and accurate bass. Some say that a sealed box requires the sub to work harder which means it will require more power as there is no airflow to the sub
·Ported box Ported box these a box with a vent (port) in them, this will allow are to move in and out of the enclosure. This air flow ,means that it can reinforce low bass response swell as getting more output from the enclosure.
·Bandpass box Bandpass boxs these a a ported box designed for maximum performance. The sub is mounted inside the box where there is two sections inside a sealed and ported sections. The sound is forced from the sealed part into the port this can be configure to require frequencies.
Selecting your amplifier
When looking at sub and amp combos you need to make sure your amp will be able to power your sub at the given power ratings
In my opinion monoblock is the best amp for powering subwoofers as these are designed to give out mono signals.
A monoblock amp can power more than one sub, so in theory you can run two subs or more of one monoblock amp
Basically then when looking at an amp you need to make sure it can power sub at a given RMS power
You need to look for the correct impedance between the sub and amp
So if the amp will support 4 ohm or 2 ohm loads then it would be best to get a sub that can be wired into on of these impedances.
Ideas for budget subs and amps and suggestions here is some I have used/ seen recommended but at the end of the day it us you using the equipment and your choice on what you by these are just ideas
This is a guide and if anything goes wrong when fitting or anything ever went wrong with a brand suggested this is a guide and suggestion therefore you are at your own risk, I am not liable to anything it is only a guide, if you are in doubt, ask/search around
This can be left open for suggestions/discussions if i have missed anything let me know


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subset: commoncrawl


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NIRVANA NO MORE The popular restaurant has closed. Page 5
NEWS | Author discusses food to grow and eat. [4] COMMENTARY | The park district has lessons to learn. [6] ARTS | Teens share the stage [11] with rising band.
POLAR PLUNGE Several hardy souls take to the water. Page 4
Vol. 59, No. 02
Mukai case continues, sent back to lower court By NATALIE MARTIN Staff Writer
Natalie Martin/Staff Photo
Vashon High School graduates Keegan Oswald, Kaitlyn Davies and Nolan Moyer were among many who attended an open house to see the new high school building on Sunday.
New high school is unveiled By NATALIE MARTIN Staff Writer
More than 1,000 islanders flooded through the new Vashon High School last weekend, getting a first look at the spacious and modern building that students began classes in on Monday. The halls, common areas and classrooms of the new school buzzed with energy at a community open house Sunday afternoon, when the 80,000-squarefoot building was opened to the public for the first time. Students led tours of the new school and staff members were on hand to answer questions. "It's over-the-top fabulous, unbelievable," commented one woman as she took a tour with her family. "I'm blown away," she said. Many at the event echoed the same sentiments, commenting on the building's impressive architecture, light-filled spaces and modern features. Large banks of windows, island wood accents, a state-of-the-art theater and hightech features in classrooms drew the most praise.
The legal battle over control of the Mukai house and garden will continue, as late last month a state appeals court considering the case sent it back to trial court. In a Dec. 23 ruling, a threejudge Court of Appeals panel ruled that the Friends of Mukai, a group of island activists who attempted a takeover of the nonprofit Island Landmarks, did orchestrate their 2012 special meeting and election according to the organization's bylaws, reversing a superior court decision from last year that sided with the organization's original board. However, the judges also ruled that other facts in the case are unclear, and therefore the superior court should not have granted a summary judgement — a ruling given when there are no facts in
By SUSAN RIEMER Staff Writer
Visitors stroll through the courtyard of the brightly painted school. "You can feel the energy here," said Emily Burns, whose daughter attends the high school. Maya Battisti brought her kids who will eventually attend the high school to the open house. She, too, said she was impressed with the new building, which she called a vast improvement over the old, 1970s structure, which many have said was cramped,
dark and not configured well. "This seems like an inspiring place to learn," she said. Derryn Williams, another mother who came to the event, said she was glad to see the high school has also revamped its recycling program and will use real plates, trays and utensils in the SEE HIGH SCHOOL, 18
Goodtimes supporters rally to keep camp running New nonprofit forms after cancer society funding is lost
Natalie Martin/Staff Photo
dispute — in favor of the original board. The case will now be reconsidered in King County Superior Court, and the parties will have an opportunity to settle before a trial. Though neither side prevailed in appeals court, Lynn Greiner, a Friends of Mukai board member and one of the group's attorneys, characterized the decision as a positive step for the Vashon activists. "I think it's a big victory," she said. "It was a unanimous decision by the court of appeals ... that we have a legitimate claim to move forward with here." The Vashon group has been in dispute with Island Landmarks, the nonprofit that holds the title to the historic Mukai farmhouse and garden and is headed by
When Veronica Jannetty went to summer camp at age 13, she had been diagnosed with leukeumia the year before. The camp — for kids affected by cancer — gave her the chance to both connect with others facing the same struggle and simply be a teenager at summer camp. Jannetty, an islander, attended Camp Goodtimes, which is held for two weeks each summer at Camp Burton for cancer patients, survivors and their siblings ages 7 to 17. The camp also offers a week of a week of kayak camping in the San Juan Islands for cancer survivors age 17 to 25. For 30 years,
the American Cancer Society (ACS) supported the camp and several others like it around the country. But last spring the ACS announced it would no longer fund the camps, focusing its resources instead on research. Now a new nonprofit organization, The Goodtimes Project, has taken root and is working to raise half a million dollars so that the popular camp can continue, both this summer and for years into the future. It is an effort Jannetty, who attended camp for five years and will volunteer as a staff member for the second time this summer, hopes many will support. "It takes a lot more than research and chemotherapy to cure cancer," she said. So far, the group has raised $150,000, according to Carol Mastenbrook, the executive SEE CAMP GOODTIMES, 20
January 08, 2014 edition of the Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber


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Hi and welcome.....take a good look at a Sig SP2022 in 9mm or .40 S&W ....I have several P250 Sigs and you can also change sizes in the event you want to CC....I love them as well......JJ
Hello all,
I have been browsing these forums and have been learning quite a bit from all these threads. I have some questions but lets do a quick intro.
I recently moved to the Wisconsin area from Texas, before moving here I had never fired a gun in my life (I'm 26 by the way). Since moving here i have fired some handguns, shotguns and rifles. I am co owner of a pawn shop here and we deal in guns, so I have been trying to educate myself on the topic in order to relate to my customers better. With that being said, I am looking to purchase my first gun. Primary use being range time and carrying while at work. I'm am not sure if I will be going for a CCW as I can open carry here in Wisconsin and as a business owner i am allowed to carry at my business.
I do have a HI Point 9mm (was a gift from the in laws for xmas) which i enjoy but not sure i can rely on it if needed in a dangerous situation. That and it is quite heavy and bulky to carry.
So I have been doing some research and have got together a list of the following:
Springfield XDm
Sig Sauer P250 or P226
Taurus 24/7 G2
Ruger SR9
Beretta Px4 storm
Smith & Wesson M&P9 (just started looking at this one after reading threads here)
I have handled all the guns, though haven't shot them (the closest indoor range to me is new and doesn't carry a big inventory of rentals just yet)..from what i have read and seen on reviews i am leaning towards the XDm, plus I have friends who own one and they love them. I like the P250 due to the fact that it can change calibers (though not sure if that is a big selling point as im not sure if i will actually use that feature of it)
So, any pros and cons or other suggestions on other handguns would be great. keep in mind, being a pawnshop owner I am a licensed FFL and also have access to wholesale prices (though with shipping, i can sometimes get the guns cheaper from buds lol) so I would like to stay under $500.
Hi and welcome.....take a good look at a Sig SP2022 in 9mm or .40 S&W ....I have several P250 Sigs and you can also change sizes in the event you want to CC....I love them as well......JJ
Welcome to the fried out State of Wisconsin....check out Beretta.
Im hoping to narrow down my list by tonight or tomorrow so i will post back with the top three per say..
Thanks for the info guys/gals
I would go with the Ruger SR9 myself. It is a tough pistol that is not very elegant, but does its job well and is easy to carry.
I'm not a Taurus hater - I have a MillPro .45 that I really like - but I'd scratch the Taurus given you're considering a bunch of much better alternatives. If you can afford the Springfield (I just love my XDM9), Sig, etc there's no reason to consider the Taurus. All the others are solid. The M&Ps feel really good in the hand IMO but I have nothing against the others.
I would think in a Pawn Shop, you'd have a pretty good selection of used 9s coming through there. I'd stick with the major brands (Glock, CZ, S&W, Springfield, Ruger, Colt,Sig, etc).
Welcome to the forum.
In small town USA, that is not the case.. Though it is also why Im in no big hurry to run out and buy one, as you never know what will come through the door... But we get more hunting rifles and shotguns in here...Easy_CZ
I would think in a Pawn Shop, you'd have a pretty good selection of used 9s coming through there. I'd stick with the major brands (Glock, CZ, S&W, Springfield, Ruger, Colt,Sig, etc).
Though like I said, the plus side is getting wholesale cost on the guns, though even than its not always the cheapest lol
On your list I like the SR9 or the M&P. I would personally buy a CZ75B. But you did not ask what I would buy. I find too much internet research and not enough hands on is just confusing and can overload you with information that is inaccurate or 90% opinion and 10% fact. Good luck and in my opinion not trusting a Hi Point is a pretty good idea!
can't go wrong with a px4 storm compact in 9mm. It is the best looking, has the smoothest and easiest slide, a hi-capacity magazine, a smooth trigger pull, is very accurate, and when you pull the trigger it goes bang. definately a perfect option for protection
I have a 9mm px4 (full size) and it has never choked on the cheapest ammo. All others seem to need a break-in, up to 500 rounds. If you want to present intimidation at your business consider a Ruger GP100, it's a revolver, the untimate in reliability, and it looks like the alpha dog.


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This content has been marked as final. Show 4 replies
1. Re: Samba Winbind and Solaris 8838811 Feb 14, 2011 7:28 PM (in response to 838811)Anybody? How do I stop this ldap traffic?
2. Re: Samba Winbind and Solaris 8838811 Feb 16, 2011 6:20 PM (in response to 838811)Where might winbind chache these ip's / domains?
3. Re: Samba Winbind and Solaris 8838811 Feb 17, 2011 6:14 PM (in response to 838811)Hello? Is there a better place to post a samba question?
4. Re: Samba Winbind and Solaris 8Paisley Feb 18, 2011 11:49 PM (in response to 838811)I had a bizarre problem with NIS+ many years ago that might be related to your issue. My NIS+ master server was connected to 2 networks, one for normal WAN traffic and one restricted to only backups (local LAN only connection). On a periodic basis, I think every hour, the NIS+ master communicates wiht its slaves (or whatever the politically correct term is now). For some reason, this periodic update failed, which resulted in the entire system going down. It took multiple unix, network, and SUN support staff 12 hours to figure out that the NIS+ master server was attempting to communicate to the slaves only through the backup LAN network and not through the WAN network. The LAN was on bge0 and the WAN was on bge1. The fix was to put the WAN on bge0 and the LAN on bge1.
Any chance that the netmask is incorrect?
Edited by: Paisley on Feb 18, 2011 3:49 PM


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I've read the stickies on oils but i'm still confused. I understand that the diff and tranny can be a little picky with what type of fluids are used so i figured i would post exactly what i got and how i plan on using it and maybe get some specific recommendations as to what types of fluids i should use and why. I would like to know what kind of engine oil, tranny fluid and diff fluid i should buy.
I have an 04 wrx. Currently the only mods are:
aem intake
perrin up pipe - catless
turbo back exhaust
cobb stage 1 tune
There may be other mods that i'm not thinking of right now....
I don't drive the car like i stole it. It will be my DD. I have an exceptionally short drive to work (3~ min). I'm not planning on modding for more hp or trq. I won't be doing any track competition either.
The car currently has 141k kms on it (88k miles). The previous owner told me he was using mobil1 synth 5w30 during winter and 10w30 in summer. I didn't ask him about tranny or diff fluid.
In any case, based on the situation, what would you suggest i use? I don't want this to turn into a 39 page discussion on which oil is better. I just want to know what a cost effective but yet SAFE and RELIABLE fluid is for each application.
Thanks in advance!


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12 Days of Christmas, Day 10: Benjamin Dewey
It's the tenth day of Christmas at ComicsAlliance, as our 12 Days of Christmas original art series continues. Every day until the 25th, we'll be posting a new illustration from a Periscope Studio comics creator that reinterprets the days of the Christmas carol through newer, more awesomely nerdy eyes.
By which we mean Ten Lord Vaders a Leaping. We have Benjamin Dewey to thank for this piece of alternate reality Star Wars, where the Dark Lord of the Sith is made legion and sent bounding across the arctic wasteland of Hoth with all the careless joy of a child on a trampoline. I mean, think about it: If you're going to go to all the trouble of cloning some guy a couple million times to create an ultimate army for the Empire, wouldn't make a lot more sense to fill up your battalions with Darth Vaders instead of Jango Fetts? Much respect to Boba Fett's weird clone dad, but c'mon.
Benjamin also recently did the art for a Dark Horse Presents comic called "Blighter" with writer Jeff Parker (Day 5!), as well as the upcoming January issue of "Marvel Adventures: Spider-Man," and he currently draws the webcomic "Tales from the White Pony."
On the tenth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me:
Ten Lord Vaders a Leaping:
Nine Ladies Dancing
Eight Heroines a Milking
Seven Bella Swans a swimming
Six Geese a Laying
Five Power Riiiiiiings
Four Calling Birds
Three French Hens
Two Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtledoves
And a "partridge" in a pear tree.


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Blue Fluted Plain Large Salad Bowl
Arnold Krog for Royal Copenhagen
Into the heart of Denmark's cultural heritage.
Historical yet timeless: Royal Copenhagen's very first porcelain dinner service, the Blue Fluted pattern is as graceful as when it was first adopted in 1775 as the very first porcelain dinner service. Centuries later, Blue Fluted Plain is a cultural cornerstone as well as a part of the fabric of daily modern life in Denmark - still painted and glazed by hand.
Royal Copenhagen
Design Public is an authorized USA dealer for all Royal Copenhagen products.


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Keep us a strong and independent voice for global justice: contribute today!
Censored Fellowship of Friends cult letter from former legal council David Springfield, 2009
From Wikileaks
Unless otherwise specified the document described here:
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The Fellowship of Friends is a "intellectual" fourth-way cult founded in the 1970s by its current leader Robert Earl Burton[1][2][3]. It claims chapters in many countries, including 10 chapters in the United States[4].
This file contains a copy of a letter sent to the members of the Board of Directors of the Fellowship of Friends apparently by their former legal counsel. The letter outlines many illegal activities of the Fellowship of Friends and omissions of oversight by said Board of Directors, and possible consequences if these matters come to the attention of the authorities.
The document was initially released on the Fellowship of Friends Discussion blog, but was wholly censored by the publisher Wordpress.com after it received a claim of copyright infringement under the US DMCA.
A version of it was then made available on the Internet Archive (archive.org), but it too has been removed.
The letter refers to fraud obtaining religious visas, fraudulent accounting, inurements to the chief minister (Robert Earl Burton), tax evasion, and so on. It may be of interest to agencies within the US government and the governments of other countries.
Interested parties can call Ames Gilbert at (530) 272-4775 (within U.S.A.).
- fast site, current site, Sweden, US, Latvia, Slovakia, UK, Finland, Netherlands, Poland, Tonga, Europe, SSL, Tor
Categories: Leaked files | 2009 | 2009-06 | Analysis requested | United States | Cults and religious organizations | Fellowship of Friends | English | Japan | Taiwan | Belarus | Ukraine | Bulgaria | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | France | Germany | Iceland | Italy | Latvia | Lithuania | Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Romania | Slovenia | Spain | Turkey | United Kingdom | Switzerland | Sweden | Malta | Portugal | Luxembourg | Finland | Belgium | Cyprus | India | Argentina | Chile | Brazil | Colombia | El Salvador | Mexico


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Disposable PET bottles are odorless. Therefore I use a bottle from Ocean Spray Cranberry Classic of 1l (from Delhaize) that fits well in a bottle cage. It will not fall out while driving:
Before I used a SPA water bottle, it has taken out of production:


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Joe Stevenson had to withdraw from the fight after a knee injury so Griffin stepped in to fight Gomi.The fight will be on the main card.
There was a thread on here a while ago with everyone saying what UFC fights they want this year and Griffin-Gomi was one of mine so I'm well pleased with this.Better than the fight they had planned originally I think.
How's everyone see this playing out? I'm going with Griffin by decision.


text:
|N�mero de publicaci�n
|Tipo de publicaci�n
|N�mero de solicitud
|Fecha de publicaci�n
|17 Jun 2008
|Fecha de presentaci�n
|22 Abr 2003
|Fecha de prioridad
|22 Abr 2003
|Tambi�n publicado como
|N�mero de publicaci�n
|Israel Nelken
|Cesionario original
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (106), Otras citas (32), Citada por (40), Clasificaciones (11), Eventos legales (6)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesi�n de USPTO, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to electronic voice processing systems, and relates more particularly to a system and method for voice signal classification based on statistical regularities in voice signals.
2. Description of the Background Art
Speech recognition systems may be used for interaction with a computer or other device. Speech recognition systems usually translate a voice signal into a text string that corresponds to instructions for the device.
Speech recognition systems translate voice signals into text: however, speaker-independent speech recognition systems are generally rigid, inaccurate, computationally-intensive, and are not able to recognize true natural language. For example, typical speech recognition systems have a voice-to-text translation accuracy rate of 40%-50% when processing true natural language voice signals. It is difficult to design a highly accurate natural language speech recognition system that generates unconstrained voice-to-text translation in real-time, due to the complexity of natural language, the complexity of the language models used in speech recognition, and the limits on computational power.
In many applications, the exact text of a speech message is unimportant, and only the topic of the speech message needs to be recognized. It would be desirable to have a flexible, efficient, and accurate speech classification system that categorizes natural language speech based upon the topics comprising a speech message. In other words, it would be advantageous to implement a speech classification system that categorizes speech based upon what is talked about, without generating an exact transcript of what is said.
In accordance with the present invention, a system and method are disclosed for classifying a voice signal to a category from a set of predefined categories, based upon a statistical analysis of features extracted from the voice signal.
The system includes an acoustic processor that generates a feature vector and an associated integer label for each frame of the voice signal, a memory for storing statistical characterizations of a set of predefined categories and agents associated with each predefined category, and a classifier for classifying the voice signal to a predefined category based upon a statistical analysis of the received output of the acoustic processor.
In one embodiment the acoustic processor includes an FFT for generating a spectral representation from the voice signal, a feature extractor for generating feature vectors characterizing the voice signal, a vector quantizer for quantizing the feature vectors and generating an integer label for each feature vector, and a register for storing the integer labels.
The classifier computes a probability of occurrence for the output of the acoustic processor based on each of the statistical characterizations of the predefined categories, and classifies the voice signal to the predefined category with the highest probability or to a set of predefined categories with the highest probabilities. Furthermore, the classifier accesses memory to determine an agent associated with the predefined category or categories and routes a caller associated with the voice signal to the agent. The agent may be a human agent or a software agent.
The present invention classifies a voice signal based on statistical regularities in the signal. The invention analyzes the statistical regularities in the voice signal to determine a classification category. In one embodiment, the voice signal classification system of the invention applies digital signal processing techniques to a voice signal. The system receives the voice signal and computes a set of quantized feature vectors that represents the statistical characteristics of the voice signal. The system then analyzes the feature vectors and classifies the voice signal to a predefined category from a plurality of predefined categories. Finally, the system contacts an agent associated with the predefined category. The agent may be a person or an automated process that provides additional services to a caller.
Framer 220 segments the digital voice signal into successive data units called frames, where each frame occupies a time window of duration time T. A frame generally includes several hundred digital voice signal samples with a typical duration time T of ten, fifteen, or twenty milliseconds. However, the scope of the invention includes frames of any duration time T and any number of signal samples. Framer 220 sends the frames to acoustic processor 221. Sound sensor 205, amplifier 210, A/D converter 215, and framer 220 are collectively referred to as an acoustic front end to acoustic processor 221. The scope of the invention covers other acoustic front ends configured to receive a voice signal, and generate a digital discrete-time representation of the voice signal.
Acoustic processor 221 generates a feature vector and an associated integer label for each frame of the voice signal based upon statistical features of the voice signal. Acoustic processor 221 is described below in conjunction with
In one embodiment, classifier 245 classifies the voice signal to one of a set of predefined categories by performing a statistical analysis on the integer labels received from acoustic processor 221. In another embodiment of the invention, classifier 245 classifies the voice signal to one of the set of predefined categories by performing a statistical analysis on the feature vectors received from acoustic processor 221. Classifier 245 is not a speech recognition system that outputs a sequence of words. Classifier 245 classifies the voice signal to one of the set of predefined categories based upon the most likely content of the voice signal. Classifier 245 computes the probabilities that the voice signal belongs to each of a set of predefined categories based upon a statistical analysis of the integer labels generated by acoustic processor 221. Classifier 245 assigns the voice signal to the predefined category that produces the highest probability. Classifier 245, upon assigning the voice signal to one of the set of predefined categories, accesses memory 250 to determine which agent is associated with the predefined category. Classifier 245 then routes a caller associated with the voice signal to the appropriate agent 255. Agent 255 may be a human agent or a software agent.
In an exemplary embodiment, vector quantizer 335 snaps components of an n-dimensional feature vector to the nearest quantized components of an n-dimensional quantized feature vector. Typically there are a finite number of different quantized feature vectors that can be enumerated by integers. Once the components of the feature vectors are quantized, vector quantizer 335 generates a single scalar value for each quantized feature vector corresponding to a unique integer label of this vector among all different quantized feature vectors. For example, given a quantized n-dimensional feature vector v with quantized components (a1, a2, a3, . . . , an), a scalar value (SV) may be generated by a function SV=f(a1, a2, a3, . . . , an), where SV is equal to a function f of the quantized components (a1, a2, a3, . . . , an). Vector quantizer 335 then assigns an integer label from the set of predefined integer labels to each computed SV.
Vector quantizer 335 sends the integer labels to register 340, which stores the labels for all frames in the voice signal. Register 340 may alternatively comprise a memory of various storage-device configurations, for example Random-Access Memory (RAM) and non-volatile storage devices such as floppy-disks or hard disk-drives. Once the entire sequence of integer labels that represents the voice signal is stored in register 340, register 340 sends the entire sequence of integer labels to classifier 245.
In alternate embodiments, acoustic processor 221 may functionally combine FFT 325 with feature extractor 330, or may not include FFT 325. If acoustic processor 221 does not perform an explicit FFT on the voice signal at any stage, acoustic processor 221 may use indirect methods known in the art for extracting statistical features from the voice signal. For example, in the absence of FFT 325, feature extractor 330 may generate an LPC spectrum directly from the time domain representation of the signal. The statistical features are identified by spectral peaks in the LPC spectrum and are represented by a set of LPC coefficients. Then, in one embodiment, feature extractor 330 computes the feature vector whose components are the LPC coefficients. In another embodiment, feature extractor 330 computes the feature vector whose components are cepstral coefficients, which feature extractor 330 computes from the LPC coefficients by taking a fast Fourier transform of the LPC spectrum.
For example, PST11 of
In one embodiment, the PSTs associated with each voice classification category 410 are built from training sets. The training sets for each category include voice data from a variety of users such that the PSTs are built using a variety of pronunciations, inflections, and other criteria.
In operation, classifier 245 receives a sequence of integer labels from acoustic processor 221 associated with a voice message. Classifier 245 computes the probability of occurrence of the sequence of integer labels in each category using the PSTs. In one embodiment, classifier 245 determines a total probability for the sequence of integer labels for each PST in each category. Classifier 245 determines the total probability for a sequence of integer labels applied to a PST by determining a probability at each position in the sequence based on the longest suffix present in that PST, then calculating the product of the probabilities at each position. Classifier 245 then determines which category includes the PST that produced the highest total probability, and assigns the message to that category.
Using PST11 of
Next, classifier 245 calculates the total probability for the sequence of integer labels 4-1-7-2-3-1-10 applied to PST11 where the total probability is a product of the location probabilities: PT(PST11)=1�P(1)�P(7-1-4)�1�1�P(1-3-2)�1. In another embodiment of the invention, classifier 245 calculates the total probability by summing the logarithm of each location probability. Although the sequence of integer labels for this examples includes only seven integer labels, any number of integer labels is within the scope of the invention. The number of integer labels in the sequence depends on the number of frames of the message, which in turn depends on the duration of the voice signal input to system 200.
In the
When a user or system administrator initializes voice signal classification system 200, classifier 245 assigns an initial starting probability to each state. For example, classifier 245 assigns to state 1 (505) a probability ai1, which represents the probability of starting in state 1, to state 2 (510) a probability ai2, which represents the probability of starting in state 2, and to state 3 (515) a probability ai3, which represents the probability of starting in state 3.
If classifier 245 receives integer labels (1,2,3), then classifier 245 computes six sequences of states 1→2→3, 1→3→2, 2→1→3, 2→3→1, 3→1→2, and 3→2→1, and an associated probability of occurrence for each sequence. The six sequences of states are a subset of the 27 possible sequences of states. For example, classifier 245 computes the total probability of the 1→2→3 sequence of states by multiplying the probability of starting in state 1, ai1, by the probability a12(L1) of a transition from state 1 to state 2 when the first integer label of a sequence of integer labels appears, by the probability a23(L2) of a transition from state 2 to state 3 when the second integer label of the sequence appears. The total probability is P(1→2→3)=ai1�a12(L1)�a23(L2). Similarly, the total probability of the 2→3→1 sequence of states is P(2→3→1)=ai2�a23(L1)�a31(L2). Classifier 245 calculates the total probabilities for the remaining four sequences of states in a similar manner. Classifier 245 then classifies the voice signal to one of a set of predefined categories associated with the sequence of states with the highest probability of occurrence. Some of the sequences of states may not have associated categories, and some of the sequences of states may have the same associated category. If there is no predefined category associated with the sequence of states with the highest probability of occurrence, then classifier 245 classifies the voice signal to a predefined category associated with the sequence of states with the next highest probability of occurrence.
Voice classification system 200 may be implemented in a voice message routing system, a quality-control call center, an interface to a Web-based voice portal, or in conjunction with a speech-to-text recognition engine, for example. A retail store may use voice signal classification system 200 to route telephone calls to an appropriate department (agent) based upon a category to which a voice signal is classified. For example, a person may call the retail store to inquire whether the store sells a particular brand of cat food. More specifically, a person may say the following: "I was wondering if you carry, . . . uh, . . . well, if you stock or have in store cat food X, well actually cat food for my kitten, and if so, could you tell me the price of a bag. Also, how large of bag can I buy? (Pause). Oh wait, I almost forgot, do you have monkey chow?" Although this is a complex, natural language speech pattern, voice signal classification system 200 classifies the received natural language voice signal into a category based upon the content of the voice signal. For example, system 200 may classify the voice signal to a pet department category, and therefore route the person's call to the pet department (agent). However, in addition, system 200 may classify the speech into other categories, such as billing, accounting, employment opportunities, deliveries, or others. For example, system 200 may classify the speech to a pricing category that routes the call to an associated agent that can immediately answer the caller's questions concerning inventory pricing.
System 200 may classify voice signals to categories associated with predefined items on a menu. For example, a voice signal may be classified to a category associated with a software agent that activates a playback of a predefined pet department menu. The caller can respond to the pet department menu with additional voice messages or a touch-tone keypad response. Or the voice signal may be classified to another category whose associated software agent activates a playback of a predefined pricing menu.
In another embodiment, system 200 may be implemented in a quality control call center that classifies calls into complaint categories, order categories, or personal call categories, for example. An agent then selects calls from the various categories based upon the agent's priorities at the time. Thus, system 200 provides an effective and efficient manner of customer-service quality control.
In yet another embodiment of speech classification system 200, system 200 may be configured as an interface to voice portals, classifying calls to various categories such as weather, stock, or traffic, and then routing and connecting the call to an appropriate voice portal.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, system 200 is used in conjunction with a speech-to-text recognition engine. For example, a voice signal is assigned to a particular category that is associated with a predefined speech model including a defined vocabulary set for use in the recognition engine. For instance, a caller inquiring about current weather conditions in Oklahoma City would access the recognition engine with a speech model/vocabulary set including voice-to-text translations for words such as "storm", "rain", "hail", and "tornado." The association of speech models/vocabulary sets with each voice signal category reduces the complexity of the speech-to-text recognition engine and consequently reduces speech-to-text processing times.
The combination of system 200 with the speech-to-text recognition engine may classify voice signals into language categories, thus making the combination of system 200 and the speech-to-text recognition engine language independent. For example, if voice classification system 200 classifies a voice signal to a German language category, then the recognition engine uses a speech model/vocabulary set associated with the German language category to translate the voice signal.
In other embodiments, system 200 may be implemented to classify voice signals into categories that are independent of the specific spoken words or text of the call. For example, system 200 may be configured to categorize a caller as male or female as the content of a male voice signal typically is distinguishable from the content of a female voice signal. Similarly, system 200 may be configured to identify a caller as being one member of a predetermined group of persons as the content of the voice signal of each person in the group would be distinguishable from that of the other members of the group. System 200 therefore may be used, for example, in a caller identification capacity or a password protection or other security capacity.
In addition, just as system 200 may be used to categorize voice signals as either male or female, system 200 may be used to distinguish between any voice signal sources where the voice signals at issue are known to have different content. Such voice signals are not required to be expressed in a known language. For example, system 200 may be used to distinguish between various types of animals, such as cats and dogs or sheep and cows. Further, system 200 may be used to distinguish among different animals of the same type, such as dogs, where a predetermined group of such animals exists and the voice signal content of each animal in the group is known. In this case, system 200 may be used to identify any one of the animals in the group in much the same way that system 200 may be used to identify a caller as described above.
Voice classification system 200 may be implemented in a hierarchical classification system.
For example, voice classification system 200 receives a call and classifies the caller's voice signal 601 into English category 620, then classifies voice signal 601 into order 645 subcategory, and then classifies voice signal 601 into sporting goods 655 sub-subcategory. Finally, system 200 routes the call to an agent 665 associated with ordering sporting goods supplies in English. The configuration of system 200 with the hierarchical structure of classes 600 permits more flexibility and refinement in classifying voice signals to categories. The scope of the present invention includes any number of class levels and any number of categories in each class level.
The invention has been explained above with reference to specific embodiments. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of this disclosure. The present invention may readily be implemented using configurations other than those described in the embodiments above. Therefore, these and other variations upon the specific embodiments are intended to be covered by the present invention, which is limited only by the appended claims.
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|Mori, S. "Class based variable memory length Markov model" Transactions of Information Processing Society of Japan, Jan. 2002, vol. 43, pp. 34-43.
|Paramentier et al., Logical Structure Recognition of Scientific Bibliographic References, 4<SUP>th </SUP>Int'l Conference on Document Analysis & Recognition, vol. 2, Aug. 18-20, 1997.
|Platt, "Fast Training of Support Vector Machines Using Sequential Minimal Optimization, Advances in Kernel Methods: Support Vector Learning," MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1999.
|Platt, "Probabilistic Outputs for Support Vector Machines & Comparisons to Regularized Likelihood Methods," Adv. in Large Margin Classifiers, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1999.
|Sahami et al., "A Bayesian Approach to Filtering Junk E-Mail," Amer. Assoc.for Art. Intell. Technical Report WS-98-05, 1998.
|Webster's Third New International Dictionary, G&C Meriam Company, 1961, pp. 538, 834, 1460.
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text:
One ride is all it takes to appreciate the performance, style and balance of KYMCO's People GT 300i. Distinctive contemporary design, ergonomic comfort and modern technology give this scooter instant rider appeal. With, a clock, trip meter, fuel and temperature gauges, speedometer odometer and tachometer, it's easy to monitor the performance of the 298cc, 4-stroke, 4-valve SOHC, liquid-cooled and fuel-injected engine. Add 16-inch alloy wheels, telescopic front fork, adjustable rear shocks, a smooth-shifting CVT automatic transmission, under seat storage, a helmet hook and top box and you have a winning formula for negotiating city streets or country roads.
*Note: MSRP does not reflect destination or other dealer vehicle preparation charges. KYMCO USA makes every effort to present the most current specifications and model features. Changes in equipment, colors, availability and specifications may change without notice or obligation. Some models are shown with optional equipment.


text:
21 Apr
Walk For Teaching Non - - Kolhan University
- Position
- Walk For Teaching Non
- Company
- Kolhan University
- Location
- Opening
- 21 Apr, 2017 30+ days ago
Kolhan University as the company that open the jobs vacancy, have some qualification and spesification especially for the Walk For Teaching Non jobs vacancy. To find out more information and about qualification and spesification details, walkin interview schedule, the address of the company, the company contact info (email/phone number) of Kolhan University company, please start to apply for the job vacancy with fill the jobs application with click the 'Apply This Job' button below.
Kolhan University Recruitment 2017 –
Walk in for Teaching & Non Teaching Posts: Kolhan University has invited applications for the recruitment of HOD, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Sports Trainer, Yoga Trainer, Dietician vacancies on contractual basis for the Department of Physical Education at Jamshedpur Women's College. Eligible candidates may walk in interview on 24-04-2017 at 10:00 am. Other details like qualification, selection process, how to apply are given below…
Kolhan University Vacancy Details:
Total No. of Posts: 14
Name of the Posts:
1. HOD: 01 Post
2. Associate Professor: 02 Posts
3. Assistant Professor: 06 Posts
4. Sports Trainer: 03 Posts
5. Yoga Trainer: 01 Post
6. Dietician: 01 Post
Educational Qualification: Candidates should possess MPED/ MPE with 55% marks, PhD in Physical Education with relevant experience for Post 1, MPED with 55% marks, PhD with relevant experience for Post 2, MPED with 55% marks for Post 3, Master Degree/ Bachelor Degree in Physical Education with specialization in atleast one game/ sports or Diploma/ PG Diploma in Coaching in a Sport for Post 4, PG Diploma in Education for Post 5, Master Degree in Nutrition or Bachelor Degree in Home Science for Post 6.
Selection Process: Selection will be based on interview.
How to Apply: Eligible candidates may appear for interview along with resume, two passport size photos, original and attested copies of their documents on 24-04-2017 at 10:00 am.
Important Dates:
Date & Time of Interview: 24-04-2017 at 10:00 am.
Venue: Jamshedpur Women's College, Bistupur.


text:
I decided to write about my slim lipo experience. Procedure was done 06/15/2010..I'm currently on Day 3. The procedure lasted from 1pm to 6:30pm. I did the upper and lower abdomen, lil bit of the waist, with the total of 2500cc fat removal. Procedure was a breeze; just numb and drainage. Drainage lasted up to the next morning after surgery.
My stomach is balloned and swollen, due to fluids. Hoping to see improvement sooner. Pain is mild, not severe. But you have to take it easy, get well rested. My next app is next week with my plastic surgeon. Wish me luck and many blessings. Keep yall posted


text:
- Shareholder Tools
Shareholder Tools
PRA Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: PRAA), a global leader in acquiring and collecting nonperforming loans, returns capital to banks and other creditors to help expand financial services for consumers in the Americas and Europe. With almost 4,000 employees worldwide, PRA Group companies collaborate with customers to help them resolve their debt and provide a broad range of additional revenue and recovery services to business and government clients. For more information, please visit www.pragroup.com.
PRA has been recognized as one of Forbes 2016 America's Best Mid-Size Employers.
Investor Communications
PRA's Disclosure Policy and its communication practices are grounded in the principle of full and fair disclosure in accordance with applicable securities laws. The Company does not disclose material nonpublic information on a selective basis other than to those with whom we have a confidential and/or fiduciary relationship.
Members of PRA's executive management team meet with investors and analysts regularly throughout the year during road shows, analyst conferences, earnings calls and in meetings with investors. We may from time to time use this Investors web page to announce our attendance at upcoming investor and industry conferences, and other matters. Therefore, investors should monitor this Investors web page, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls, and webcasts.


text:
Here's a few great extras you can also get from StorPlace Self Storage:
Protects against damage to or loss of your property from fire, burglary, water, tornado, and wind for a nominal additional rent. It is better than insurance because there is no deductible and it is offered by StorPlace, not a 3rd party insurance company. Ask your manager for details.
Temperature-controlled - heated & cooled - storage units Can't stand the heat? Tired of the cold? These units are designed for your temperature-sensitive valuables.
Boxes, Tape & Packing Supplies.
We've got everything you need to store, pack or move, and we offer a 10% discount on all supplies to our storage customers.
Need a place to park your beautiful RV or fishing boat or business vehicle? We've got room but call now, spaces are limited.


text:
Anger is a normal, healthy emotion that we all express. Sometimes, anger can be a positive emotion, driving us to right wrongs or fix injustices. But sometimes a person's anger can become uncontrollable and harmful—and it can even lead to violent behavior.
Expressing your anger in negative ways
Just as everyone feels angry from time to time, everyone also expresses their anger in different ways. Some ways are more constructive than others, and chances are, you've learned the ways you respond when angry and frustrated from your environment—like the people in your life or the situation you grew up in.
Violent behavior, toward oneself and others, can result from anger. It is one way that people express anger and try to control the situations that they find themselves in—but violence is never a positive or constructive way to deal with your emotions.
Certain factors might put you at a greater risk of acting out violently. For example, you might be violent because the people you hang out with use violence or other types of aggression. You might think violence is more acceptable because you've seen it on television, in the movies or in video games. You might also act violently because someone—like a bully or even a family member—is being violent toward you. If you grew up in a violent household, you might think that it's OK to deal with your feelings in a physically aggressive way. Research shows that children who grow up with disruptive home situations might have a harder time controlling anger and are more likely to act out violently. This is often called a "cycle of violence."
Recognizing the potential for violence
There are certain warning signs that people might have a hard time controlling their violent behavior. Here are a few examples:
- Regular loss of temper;
- Frequent physical fighting;
- Drug or alcohol abuse;
- Vandalism or property destruction;
- Harming other living things, like animals;
- Making frequent threats toward others.
Tips for breaking the cycle of violence
The good news is that any learned behavior—such as violence—can also be unlearned. The key is to first take control of situations that make you angry and manage your reaction to frustration. Here are some tips to get started:
Use your anger as a signal. The next time you feel angry, stop and count to 10. Then think about the situation you're in and why it's making you feel this way. Tell yourself "I can calm down."
Think about the things that trigger your anger. By identifying common factors in the situations that seem to trigger your anger, you might be able to predict and prepare for future anger-producing circumstances.
Take a 'time out.' If you feel that you might lose control, get yourself out of the situation that is provoking you. Take a break from the situation to reevaluate what's happening and think about your next steps and whether any actions could be potentially harmful. Again, tell yourself "I can calm down" or something like "I'm not going to let this get to me."
Use this time out to think about what really is going on. For example, if you're feeling angry because your teacher or boss yelled at you, your anger might be stemming from a deeper feeling of inadequacy or disappointment in yourself.
Talk to the person who is making you angry. When feeling more in control of your emotions, explain your side of things and assert your opinions in a positive way. For example, use "I statements" like I feel this way because…" Be prepared however to keep your cool if the other person doesn't respond the way you think he or she should.
Respect others' opinions and reactions. It is important to remember that you can only control your reactions to situations and you can't control the other person's. Remember, it's OK to disagree.
Don't let it all hang out! While it's important to express yourself, it isn't always best to "let it all out." In fact, fully acting on your angry feelings without taking others into consideration could actually have negative and harmful consequences.
Avoid using drugs and alcohol. Sometimes it's easy to turn to substances like drugs and alcohol to help you forget or suppress angry feelings, but the relief you get from drugs and alcohol is only temporary, and the side effects of abuse can make a situation worse.
Talk to someone. Friends and family can be great sources of support if you're feeling angry and frustrated—as long are you're talking with them in positive ways and not taking your anger out on them. If your anger is becoming increasingly disruptive and harmful, and you find yourself unable to manage your violent behavior, you might also want to consider talking to a mental health professional for extra support.
For more info
There are several ways that anger and violence can play into your life. For more information on the relationship between these two, check out the Anger and Interpersonal violence fact sheets.
Violence can manifest itself in many different situations. If you're in a position where you're dealing with violence, it might be helpful to check out some of these fact sheets as well:
If you're having trouble controlling your anger or channeling your frustrations into positive actions, you might want to also check out the Relaxation and Coping with a stressful event fact sheets for more tips on how to effectively manage your anger.
The following sources provided information for this fact sheet:
American Psychological Association Help Center
U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Anger Management Workbook (This is a manual for group therapy. Certain sections hold relevant material that may be of interest to individuals who would like to learn more about anger management.)


text:
Snowmobiling threatened at popular destination
ISLAND PARK, Idaho - If snowmobiling ended at Mount Jefferson, it could prove disastrous for Island Park. It is a debate that has been tackled by the forest service, in courts and even in Washington, D.C. on the Senate floor.
"Mt. Jefferson for me as a rider, is one of my favorite places to ride. There's all the terrain a guy wants in there, great snow, great conditions, that is definitely where the steep and deep is," said Ryan Funke, vice president of Targhee Ridge Runners Snowmobile Club.
If riders stray outside of designated snowmobiling area, sleds could be permanently banned from the mountain.
"[There] is a line we cannot let snowmobilers go across. If they go into this area there going to be hash tags across all of this and we will not be able to ride that," said Kevin Phillips, owner of Mountain Mayhem in Island Park and chair person for Island Park Grooming.
Montana Senator Jon Tester proposed a bill in 2009 that designated all of Mount Jefferson as "wilderness study area," which would end access to motorized vehicles.
It is public federal land and Idaho Senator Jim Risch weighed in.
"In previous years I negotiated with Senator Tester on language that would very, very clearly allow the south end of Mount Jefferson to stay open."
So why does a Montana mountain mean so much to Idaho?
"The economic impact to Montana is fairly minimal, but the impact to Ashton, Island Park, our area is extreme because this is our riding area, our diamond as you would call it," said Funke.
Sen. Tester re-introduced the Forest Jobs and Recreation Act in 2013. It is intended to improve Montana's economy, and it has been revised to leave the big mountain open to snowmobilers.
Some Idahoans are still concerned.
"Now they are working on the language of the bill so that it states directly what is going to happen with the bill if it goes through to make sure that area stays opens," said Phillips.
"This bill is not going anywhere until we get the language that is acceptable to Idaho and to the Idaho people who want to recreate on Mount Jefferson," said Risch.
Kevin Phillip's shop, Mountain Mayhem, relies on the tourism Mount Jefferson brings through Island Park.
"To my business here, it would really put a damper on it, because we rent big mountain sleds that people come in to rent to go to the mountain," said Phillips.
Phillips wants riders to know they can still enjoy the mountain, but to take the boundaries seriously.
There will be signs on the mountain and at the major parking lots-- there will even an ad on the radio.
That ad ends by saying, "Going out of bounds is like a signing a petition to end snowmobiling on Mount Jefferson."
At press time, Montana Senator Tester had not responded to requests for comment.
Risch told Local News 8 that in conversations as recently as a couple of days ago the two were in agreement about keeping Mount Jefferson open.
For the bill to move forward it would need to get through the Senate committee.


text:
A NutriBullet Customer Service Update208
Here at NutriBullet, we're aware of the difficulties getting through to our Customer Service department. As we train new employees to answer your toughest questions, we wanted to thank you for your patience as we transition into our new home.
Thanks again for the continued patience as we strive to improve your Customer Service experience.
-NutriBullet Team


text:
If you can afford the 2009 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupe, you probably don't care what we think. Suffice it to say that no other convertible can match the Drophead's combination of luxury, prestige and curbside presence.
- Imposing looks and dimensions, a cabin fit for royalty, drives pretty well for a yacht on wheels, extensive customization options.
- Size is an issue in tight spaces, some awkwardly placed controls, attracts unwanted attention.


text:
Newly built maisonette, 157 sqm, only 600 m from the sea. It has a beautiful sea view, spacious verandas and parking spots. The house has heating and a fireplace and it is part of a brand new complex.
Villa – Sithonia, Administration of Macedonia and Thrace, Greece
190,000 €
Land area: 157 m²
- Built in 2012
- 3-floor building
- Total rooms: 4
- Sea view


text: Gentlemen, do appreciate beauty, class and sophistication in an escort? Then treat yourself to the very best with a lovely escort of your choice from Miami Escorts, the Ultimate Miami Escort Website. Allow us to introduce you to your idea fantasy escort for an intimate candlelight-dinner, romantic gateways, or even a night-on-the-town. We have the escort of your dreams waiting for you. What are you waiting for? Browse around our site and find that special girl ready to satisfy your every need. Call long island escorts.


text:
D1 Oils' chairman (Ron) Lord Oxburgh has responded to the Guardian Newspaper's columnist George Monbiot's piece on 12 February about biofuels today , you can see the full text of the exchange on in the comments on this post D1 oils says Jatropha is different in Bali.
Monbiot is a journalist who makes part of his living out of writing things that people will want to read (like me). Oxburgh is a business leader trying to develop a profitable business. One has to write for his readership, the other has to keep the shareholders happy.
For those of you who don't know the Guardian (once a newspaper, now also an online newsservie that I have read pretty solidly since I was 18) its readers have been variously described as people who knit their own yoghurt and people who know how the world should be run but don't stand a chance of running it. Neither of which are fair.
The Guardian has always questioned the establishment much more than other UK papers (which are mostly written for the establishment),and been solidly Green. Monbiot's writing taps directly into that vein of environmental activism which confirms the prejudices of that section of the Guardian's readership. That's one of the hallmarks of good journalism, giving the readers what they want.
The problem for Oxburgh, and the more sensible end of the Biofuels market, is that there is considerable disquiet in the world about the price of food because of the huge proportion of crops that are now being used as biofuels. The US market for ethanol is likely to use around 31% of the corn crop this year, according to Joseph Glauber, the USDA's chief economist in a speech, just over a week ago.There have been well publicised complaints by the United Nations that the rising price of food makes it harder to feed the starving in the third world. These are good news stories, because they are easy to understand, the pictures are emotive and they involve people.
They are the result in shifting markets for commodities and the weather. If the price of grain remains high then more farmers will start to grow it. There will be work to improve yields and technology to use other parts of crops. All of which Oxburgh says along with a nod to using the waste generated by society, which I like. Monbiot seems to be locked into a zero sum game, though his worries about using cellulose which would normally be ploughed back into the soil as a fuel source chime with me. But the gist of Monbiot's stance is that there have to be winners and losers, that might not be the case.
I think that there is much to commend in D1 Oil's approach. The company seems to be offering a genuinely sustainable alternative to biofuels based on edible crops. It is helping to create wealth in the developing world and is helping to build a reciprocity of supply and demand between the developed and the developing world, which if both sides are treated fairly can only be a good thing.
George, please note :used chip fat may not be the only sustainable biofuel.


text: The Food Bank of the Rio Grande Valley is one of the largest food banks in the nation today. The Food Bank RGV serves he counties of Starr, Hidalgo, Cameron, and Willacy. In addition, the Food Bank RGV has a Subsidiary Distribution Organization (SDO) in the South Texas Food Bank of Laredo that directly serves seven additional counties.


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Martin Wikelski is Director at the Max-Planck-Institute for Ornithology based in Radolfzell, Germany, and Professor for Ornithology at the University of Konstanz. He is also visiting research scholar at Princeton University, research associate at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama and Explorer at the National Geographic Society. Wikelski is the chairperson for the International Max Planck Research School on Organismal Biology at the University of Konstanz.
After receiving his Ph.D. at Bielefeld University, Wikelski was postdoc at the University of Washington in Seattle and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. Wikelski was assistant professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, from 1998-2000 and then assistant and associate professor at Princeton University from 2000-2008. He is currently investigating global migratory pattern in animals with particular emphasis on disease spread and zoonoses. In this capacity Wikelski heads the migration ecology group within the FAO Scientific Task Force on Wildlife and Ecosystem Health. He is leading the ICARUS initiative, aiming at measuring the 'Pulse of the Living Planet' by installing an experimental small-object tracking system at the International Space Station. He has authored more than 150 publications.
About the Global Exploration FundThe National Geographic Society has funded the work of curious and inquiring men and women in every corner of the Earth—filling gaps in human knowledge, sometimes in spectacular ways. Since 1888, National Geographic has awarded more than 10,000 grants representing a combined value of $153 million. Scientific field research, exploration, conservation, and adventure are the backbone of National Geographic's grants, which have led to countless discoveries that continue to shed light on the planet's rich variety and diversity—and help to preserve it. The results from fieldwork are shared with audiences around the world through an array of National Geographic media, including print, broadcast, and online outlets, as well as events, exhibitions, and educational platforms.
The Global Exploration Fund is a global initiative modeled on National Geographic's century-long approach to funding research, conservation, and exploration projects through targeted grant programs. Supported through funding partnerships, National Geographic plans to launch regional Global Exploration Funds around the world. Each fund will rely upon an intensive peer-review process to evaluate projects seeking funding and an advisory board of scientific and innovation experts to help guide the program to achieve regional priorities. The grantees and outcomes supported by the fund will benefit from National Geographic media and outreach.
National Geographic launched the Global Exploration Fund in 2011 in Sweden to extend support to scientists, conservationists, and explorers from the Northern Europe region who are advancing research and exploring solutions for the benefit of the planet. In 2012, the Global Exploration Fund expanded to China with a dedicated Air and Water Conservation Fund designed to focus China's most creative scientific and conservation talent on solving problems confronting the country's air and water resources.
Global Exploration Fund—Northern Europe:
Photos From the Field
Love Bugs
A Closer Look Into the Love Lives of Insects
Exploring Lost Places
National Geographic is committed—as we have been for more than a century—to supporting new archaeology projects around the world.
Emerging Explorer Class of 2012 Announced
Meet these visionary, young trailblazers from around the world.
Meet the Explorers
Explorers A-Z
At the heart of our explorers program is the quest for knowledge through exploration and the people who make it possible.
Explorers by Category
Browse our different areas of exploration and discover the fascinating people behind the projects.
Our Explorers in Action
Famous Women Explorers
Meet female explorers who have pushed the limits in adventure, science, and more.


text:
For the price of $16.! bring your short-haired dog in for a bath and blow dry. Our Pet professionals do all the work while you wait! No appointment necessary. Baths are given on a first come first serve basis. We use the appropriate shampoo for your dog. Dogs must be in good health.
(Skunked dogs, dogs with fleas and dogs with acute skin problems not eligible for this promotion) Examples of eligible dogs: Labs, Pugs, Rottweilers, Boston Terriers, Dachshunds, Bull dogs etc.…Over-sized short-haired dogs must be manageable as decided by our staff. Management has the right to refuse dogs at their discretion. ***July date is 2nd week due to Independence day. Sept date is 2nd week due to Labor day Weekend. We have added additional dates during months where we feel our customers might benefit by them.