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As part of President Obama's comprehensive Climate Action Plan to create American jobs, develop domestic clean energy resources and cut carbon pollution, Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Acting Director Walter Cruickshank today announced that nearly 80,000 acres offshore Maryland will be offered for commercial wind energy development in an August 19, 2014 competitive lease sale.
"Maryland is a leading force for building a clean and sustainable energy future," said Jewell. "Thanks to Governor O'Malley's leadership and significant stakeholder involvement through BOEM's Maryland Intergovernmental Renewable Energy Task Force, we have reached another milestone as we strengthen our nation's foothold in the new energy frontier."
Today's announcement builds on Interior's work to stand up a sustainable offshore wind program through its "Smart from the Start' wind energy initiative for the Atlantic Coast. To date, BOEM has awarded five commercial wind energy leases off the Atlantic coast: two non-competitive leases (Cape Wind in Nantucket Sound off Massachusetts and an area off Delaware) and three competitive leases (two offshore Massachusetts-Rhode Island and another offshore Virginia). Competitive lease sales have generated more than $5 million in high bids for more than 277,500 acres in federal waters. BOEM is expected to hold additional competitive auctions for Wind Energy Areas offshore Massachusetts and New Jersey in the coming year.
Sixteen companies have qualified to participate in the auction for the Maryland Wind Energy Area. According to analysis prepared by the Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory, if fully developed, the Maryland Wind Energy Area could support between 850 and 1450 megawatts of commercial wind generation, enough electricity to power 300,000 homes.
"To combat climate change, we must develop cleaner, renewable sources of energy -- and today's announcement is a tremendous step forward for the U.S. offshore wind industry," said Governor O'Malley. "As we continue our work to drive up renewable energy generation in Maryland by 20 percent by 2022, the O'Malley-Brown Administration is committed to continuing to work with our federal partners to do everything we can to meet this goal and create a stronger, more sustainable future for generations to come."
Under the terms of the Final Sale Notice (FSN), which will be published in the Federal Register on July 3, the Maryland Wind Energy Area will be auctioned as two leases, referred to as the North Lease Area (32,737 acres) and the South Lease Area (46,970 acres). The Wind Energy Area is located about 10 nautical miles off the coast of Ocean City, Maryland. The area available for auction is identical to the one announced in the Proposed Sale Notice that BOEM published in the Federal Register on Dec. 18, 2013, which was followed by a 60-day public comment period.
"BOEM and the Task Force members have worked collaboratively to develop a wind energy area that has exceptional wind energy potential. We're pleased to see such strong commercial interest in the upcoming auction, and we look forward to overseeing a fair and competitive leasing process," said BOEM Acting Director Cruickshank. "We will continue to work closely with the Task Force and the public on any future wind energy projects proposed by the winners of the lease sale."
The following 16 companies underwent a rigorous review process and BOEM has determined that they are legally, technically and financially qualified to participate in the upcoming lease sale:
* Apex Offshore Maryland, LLC
* Bluewater Wind Maryland, LLC
* Convalt Energy, LLC
* Dominion Wind Development, LLC
* EDF Renewable Energy, Inc.
* Energy Management, Inc.
* Fishermen's Energy LLC
* Green Sail Energy, LLC
* IBERDROLA RENEWABLES, Inc.
* Maryland Offshore Wind, LLC
* Orisol Energy US, Inc.
* RES America Developments, Inc.
* SCS Maryland Energy, LLC
* Sea Breeze Energy, LLC
* Seawind Renewable Energy Corporation, LLC
* US Wind, Inc.
The Final Sale Notice contains specific information about deadlines and milestones for bidders, the area available for leasing, lease provisions and conditions, auction details, criteria for evaluating bids, award procedures, lease execution and other information.
The sale is being conducted using an online bidding system. The two lease areas will be auctioned simultaneously. Under procedures outlined in the Final Sale Notice, BOEM will consider monetary and nonmonetary factors in determining the winner. An example of a nonmonetary factor is a Power Purchase Agreement or a Maryland Public Service Commission-issued Offshore Renewable Energy Certificate held by the bidder. The nonmonetary phase of the auction will begin on Aug. 15, and the monetary phase on Aug. 19 of this year.
Source: http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/interior-to-auction-nearly-80000-acres-offshore-maryland-for-wind-energy-development.cfm


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Loma Linda University Eye Institute offers the IntraLase® Femtosecond (FS) laser - the latest technology that eliminates the use of a surgical blade to create the flap for laser refractive surgery procedures.
The LASIK corneal laser refractive procedure involves a 2-step process. The first step involves exposing the deeper corneal tissue in order to prepare the eye for the second step, which reshapes the corneal tissue with an Excimer laser to improve vision. Traditionally, with LASIK, the only way to create a flap was to use a surgical blade in a keratome. With the IntraLase FS laser, we are now able to create the flap for LASIK with a laser instead of a surgical blade, which offers a number of significant advantages. One of the advantages is that the laser-created flap gives the surgeon greater control in creating flaps of more consistent and predictable thickness. This leading edge technology allows for the safer creation of much thinner flaps and for LASIK to be considered when only PRK could be recommended in some cases (i.e., due to a patient's inadequate corneal thickness).
For reasons of safety and improved quality of vision, Loma Linda University Ophthalmology surgeons choose IntraLase as their preferred method of flap creation for patients who are suitable candidates for LASIK and who prefer LASIK over other refractive procedure options. Thousands of these tiny bubbles are precisely positioned to define the flap's architecture (exact diameter, depth, hinge location, centration, side cut, etc.) and laser pulses are also stacked along the edge of the flap up to the corneal surface to complete the flap.

subset: commoncrawl


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Discrepancies between metabolic activity and DNA content as tool to assess cell proliferation in cancer research
Quent, Verena M.C., Loessner, Daniela L., Friis, Thor E., Reichert, Johannes C., & Hutmacher, Dietmar W. (2010) Discrepancies between metabolic activity and DNA content as tool to assess cell proliferation in cancer research. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 14(4), pp. 1003-1013.
|Accepted Version (PDF 588kB)
Cell proliferation is a critical and frequently studied feature of molecular biology in cancer research. Therefore, various assays are available using different strategies to measure cell proliferation. Metabolic assays such as AlamarBlue, WST-1, and MTT, which were originally developed to determine cell toxicity, are being used to assess cell numbers. Additionally, proliferative activity can be determined by quantification of DNA content using fluorophores, such as CyQuant and PicoGreen. Referring to data published in high ranking cancer journals, 945 publications applied these assays over the past 14 years to examine the proliferative behaviour of diverse cell types. Within this study, mainly metabolic assays were used to quantify changes in cell growth yet these assays may not accurately reflect cellular proliferation rates due to a miscorrelation of metabolic activity and cell number. Testing this hypothesis, we compared metabolic activity of different cell types, human cancer cells and primary cells, over a time period of 4 days using AlamarBlue and fluorometric assays CyQuant and PicoGreen to determine their DNA content. Our results show certain discrepancies in terms of over-estimation of cell proliferation with respect to the metabolic assay in comparison to DNA binding fluorophores.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
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|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Journal Article
|cell proliferation, metabolic activity , proliferation assay , DNA content , cancer cells
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (060000) > BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY (060100) > Cell Development Proliferation and Death (060103)
|Past > QUT Faculties & Divisions > Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering
Past > QUT Faculties & Divisions > Faculty of Science and Technology
Current > Institutes > Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 2010 The Authors Journal compilation Copyright 2010 Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine/Blackwell Publishing Ltd
|Deposited On:
|10 Mar 2010 22:56
|Last Modified:
|25 Jun 2017 14:40
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Dog Walkers in Howes Cave, NY
Book a dog walker to give your dog a 30-minute walk around your neighborhood.
I love all dogs.
Westerlo, NY, 12193
House Sitting, Drop-In Visits, Doggy Day Care, Dog Walking
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Schenectady, NY, 12306
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About: All Dogs Big or small , I'm definitely a Dog lover and they usually love me back ? ?. I love how They give unconditional love unconditionally and a... (more)
Dog lover of all shapes and sizes!
Rensselaerville, NY, 12147
Dog Boarding, House Sitting, Drop-In Visits, Doggy Day Care, Dog Walking
"Eric is very responsible and great with dogs. He is calm and caring and has experience with both large and small dogs. I would highly recommend him. (more)"
Loving fellow dog owner!
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|Cobleskill, NY
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We know you can't always be there, and it's our goal is to connect you with sitters in your neighborhood who can help take care of your pet. With Rover, it's easy to find and book Howes Cave dog walkers who will give your dog the exercise they need. Book a 30-minute walk one day, once a week, or even every day. That way, you can take care of what you need to do and know your dog is getting the love they deserve. No matter how often you need a sitter or dog walker, we're here for you. We're proud to offer complimentary premium insurance with dog walking services booked through Rover. The next time you're looking for a dog walker in Howes Cave, NY, visit Rover to search for the perfect dog walker, set up a Meet & Greet, and book a walk anytime you need it. All you have to do after that is sit back and relax: your dog's in good hands.
Wondering what you should be paying for a walk? Check out our standard dog walking rates for a comparison.


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Seeking Showstoppers...
Coming to a Hall near you (Formby Hall) Nov 2013 (Sun 24th to be exact), Atherton Indoor Christmas Market!
Mark it in your diary people, this event is going to be magical. We've written to Father Christmas to see if he can pop by for the little ones and we're hopeful he'll confirm soon.
Doors will be open 10am-4pm, why go all the way to Manchester!!! Lol Spread the word! More details coming soon so make sure to follow us .


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- Email:
- Registered on: 06/27/2009
- Last connection: 07/07/2011
Reported issues: 20
- 06:37 A.C.E. for OA Support #19643 (Closed): Ability to add 3rd party weapons to EASA
- So I run some mods that add 3rd party ammo/magazines to aircraft. And I was wondering about the possibility of adding...
- 04:40 A.C.E. for OA Bug #19243 (Rejected): Editor Strykers all Green Camo
- When placing strykers in the editor, they are all green. The Desert strykers are not in the editor at all anymore.
- 19:56 A.C.E. for OA Task #19234 (New): XM2010 - The new Army sniper.
- So the army is currently in the move to replace the M-24 with the new XM2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle.
Its basically ...
- 03:33 A.C.E. for OA Bug #18923: Vector 21B Nite cannot use Night Vision
- Sif wrote:
> It does work, you need to press the CQB sight key.
Ok I am missing something then, in the game contr...
- 03:26 A.C.E. for OA Bug #18923 (Rejected): Vector 21B Nite cannot use Night Vision
- Running ACE 1.9 stable
I have a battery in, rage finder turned on, and I cannot seem to turn on night vision on th...
- 03:46 A.C.E. for OA Task #18903 (Expired): Snipers with NV Scopes and Silencers?
- I am surprised I haven't seen these yet, but how about we up the ante of night time operations by adding snipers with...
- 03:32 A.C.E. for OA Task #18772: Add F-15E or F-22 aircraft
- I served in Iraq and Afghanistan, and F-15Es and F-16s do serve our men and women over seas. They provide the vast ma...
- 16:46 ARMA2 Community Issue Tracker Feature #12058 (Assigned): [OA]Altimeter during HALO jump.
- In ArmA 2, when ever you used the halo jumping method of @[this] exec "ca\air2\halo\data\Scripts\HALO_getout.sqs";@ y...
- 23:41 ARMA2 Community Issue Tracker Bug #12032: AOCO M16A4 shooting itself
- never mind... I figured out hte real issue..
- 23:31 ARMA2 Community Issue Tracker Bug #12032 (Rejected): AOCO M16A4 shooting itself
- When using the M16A4 from ArmA 2 via Combined Operations, it it shooting itself. When you pull the trigger, you will ...
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Costume Information
|This is just a costume i put together for a cosplay meet. I wanted to do Jill valentine, unfortunately it was short notice for do one of her actual outfits so this is my take on how she'd be outside of work..well how she'd dress. I've listed it as resident evil 5 because of blonde hair.


text: Jenny Parker was a very young and happy girl from Florida and an only child to her loving parents. Her grandparents live in Texas, where the family gathers once a year to celebrate her birthday together with Thanksgiving. On the trip to Texas when she was going to be 15, they had a fatal motor accident that took her father's life, which he blamed on her delays. She was also struck with strange psychological trauma. After progressive medical therapy, she and her mother relocated to California, where she met Tom who looks like her father. Her relationship with him was twisted because of her past.


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Articles tagged with: President's Distinguished Speakers Series
April 1, 2013
Award-Winning Architect to Share Story of Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery
President's Distinguished Speakers Series faculty spotlight event will feature architect and educator Julian Bonder
Read More »
November 30, 2012
Defining a Single Race in America: Human
Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Leonard Pitts Jr. challenges the concept of race in America in a presentation of the President's Distinguished Speakers Series
Read More »
November 14, 2012
Pulitzer Prize-Winning Columnist Leonard Pitts Jr. to Speak at University on Nov. 28
Campus community, general public invited to President's Distinguished Speakers Series event featuring renowned commentator and 'Freeman' author
Read More »
March 28, 2012
Advice from the 16th Century: What Copernicus Can Teach Us Today
It's no stretch to draw a parallel between the story of writer Dava Sobel and that of her most recent subject, Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
Read More »
March 9, 2012
Bestselling Author Dava Sobel to Speak at RWU on March 27
Public invited to free President's Distinguished Speakers Series event featuring author of 'Galileo's Daughter' and 'Longitude'
Read More »
September 3, 2013
Legendary Oceanographer to Kick Off Marine Biology's 40th Anniversary
'Hero for the Planet' Sylvia Earle has made it her life's work to raise awareness of the challenges facing the blue heart of our planet and to enable swift and meaningful conservation programs that will turn the tides.
Read More »
September 30, 2013
Sylvia Earle: Ocean Life Makes Human Life Possible
In celebration of 40 years of marine biology at RWU, legendary oceanographer and conservationist urges a reconsideration of "seafood" and emphasizes the impact of Earth's waterways to kick off President's Distinguished Speakers Series
Read More »
October 16, 2013
Global Security Expert to Explore 'Today's Nuclear World'
In a presentation titled "Today's Nuclear World: Our Major Challenges, Our Possible Solutions," Joseph Cirincione will share his expertise, from the unique viewpoint of someone who has served on President Obama's nuclear policy team.
Read More »
November 8, 2013
Cirincione: 'Nuclear Nightmares' Threaten Planetary Destruction
From the greatest threats to a possible deal with Iran, global security expert Joseph Cirincione provides insight on a growing global crisis and encourages students to take action on freeing the world from nuclear weapons
Read More »
March 26, 2014
Celebrate the Arts in April at RWU
From international film festivals to a world-renowned jazz pianist, Roger Williams University to offer a monthlong series of public events celebrating the arts
Read More »
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QI: Series 1
QI (i.e. Quite Interesting) is the on-going game show of Stephen Fry. He asks ridiculously difficult questions, and more points are given for interesting answers than correct ones, and giving the obvious answer is the worst thing you can do. Hilarious and irreverent and educational, all at once.


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I was heartened to read a report that my old hometown, Rotterdam, has managed to take over a quarter of almost 6 million square feet of empty office space off the market in less than two years. It did this in the usual, social democratic manner: by redesignating, taking over, and otherwise using the heavy hand of the government to solve the problem that the market (albeit with many government incentives) had created.
Almost a million square feet of empty space became either hotel, housing, school, childcare, or medical practices. Another half a million is quasi-empty, but now consists of so-called "creative gathering spaces" that the city has made available to start-up firms and sole practitioners in art, design, and other creative industries.
It then occurred to me that my current hometown, Cincinnati, is seeing something similar happen. A failed downtown mall is turning into a parking garage that, in a only somewhat convoluted chess game, will let the old, dilapidated parking structure across the street become a 13-story condo tower with a new gourmet food market in the baseweaetxdyvaydzcwq. The new owner of a largely empty office building is exploring ways to turn it into housing, and an old newspaper office is slated to become a boutique hotel. The city is playing an active part in all these developments, but in the usual, behind-the-scenes manner that in the United States lets developers take the lead and then, as in the case of the parking-garage redevelopment, pays for about 20 percent of the project through tax incentives or direct subsidies. A local business-city group, 3CDC, has been extraordinarily successful at revitalization projects here, partially because they are very smart at identifying the many tax incentives and other subsidy programs available to distressed inner cities.
These stories are being repeated all over the world. Office buildings in downtown areas are turning into places to live in a wave that echoes the one several decades ago when inner-city factories were turned into living lofts. I am no expert in this area, but it seems logical to me: Things work, and we work, in ever-more-ephemeral and networked ways, so that we need less and less fixed space; at the same time, we want more space to live, and we want to be close to services, restaurants, and others.
It is not just a downtown story: Silver Springs, Md., is seeing a proposed new development that would bring housing to that suburban node. This is all well and good, but will it make for better urbanism? On the face of it, having a more-mixed-use downtown, one that makes use of existing services, and one that operates both night and day, is a good thing. It is even better when that kind of life comes to suburban nodes. We should not kid ourselves, however: Very few downtown dwellers work within walking distance of where they live, and the same is true in the suburbs. Our lives remain as complex and spread out as ever, and will remain so. Just as important is the quality of what is constructed or converted.
The good news is that most residential structures of whatever type have operable windows and tend to be more varied in their appearance, just by the nature of having so many different units. Such variety, though, is no guarantee for architectural quality, and few of the projects I have seen rising in urban cores contribute anything to our built environment beyond reusing otherwise wasted structures or lots. So we rejoice, but cautiously, and in full awareness of the greatest problem with all of this: It works for generally white, educated, high-income people. Those with fewer means are, through this very process, exiled to places where they are far away from services, jobs, and just about every other opportunity. That is where the Rotterdam model, where much of the housing is reserved for immigrants and lower-income groups, is, in the end, a better one.
Aaron Betsky is a regularly featured columnist whose stories appear on this website each week. His views and conclusions are not necessarily those of ARCHITECT magazine nor of the American Institute of Architects.


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Packing light for travel
Here's your challenge for vacation season: travel light. A house full of unnecessary junk can slow you down and so can an overstuffed suitcase. Whether it's a weekend getaway to a local vineyard or a 2 week European romp – don't take more than a bag and a carry on. Once you go unchecked you won't go back. Here's how!
Before you review the essential packing lists below, know that just because you packed a carry-on doesn't mean you'll be allowed to take it on the plane. The overhead luggage compartments can get full fast, especially on shorter haul flights within the States. If there's no more room you'll be made to check-in your hard rimmed carry-on. Luckily I travel with a soft leather duffle bag, which can be squeezed into cramped spaces. I've run into this phenomenon multiple times and feel bad for those stunned travelers who made the effort to limit their luggage, only to be forced to check it in.
Now that you know about the duffel bag, check-out these getaway packing list. I found them on Trip Styler, a blog full of useful travel related tips.
Carry-On (Outfit Trickery) Secrets
- Bring a bag that's nearing the airline's maximum allowable carry-on size.
- Bring a purse, murse (man bag) or laptop bag for extra items you'll need in-flight and store this under your seat (people who put double bags in the overhead bin on full flights are cheaters).
- If you're packing two shirts that are similar, go with one. Edit. Edit. Edit.
- Don't worry about wearing the same garment twice, it's mission critical to carry-on survival and accessories will help distract from–gasp–wearing the same top as yesterday.
- Opt for a higher amount of tops over bottoms.
- Limit bulky jackets and blazers and wear these on the plane to save space in your bag. You can always take them off as soon as you board.
- Pack in general color groups. For example, I haven't brought only blacks and whites, but rather a few color themes that will allow me to mix and match. Beyond this, have a little fun– for example, my clutch is a subdued leopard print.
- If needed, wash small garments while there (for 2-week+ trips, send garments out to be cleaned or find a laundromat). – Trip Styler
Summer Weekend Packing List (not including what you wear enroute):
Pic via http://blog.timesunion.com
- Plane-to-Pool Bag: use the same bag for packing & beach/lake tote
- Undergarments
- 1-2 Bathing Suits (check out this season's hottest bathers & accessories on HeatherLovesIt)
- Shoes
- flip flops
- cute sandals
- Bottoms
- shorts
- pants or a skirt
- Tops
- tank top
- t-shirt
- flowy top
- sweater-y shirt or cardy
- Dresses
- day-to-night dress
- dressier dress
- Accessories
- belt
- scarf
- hat – Trip Styler
Andrew Sutherland is PR Manager for 1-800-GOT-JUNK? and You Move Me. 1-800-GOT-JUNK? inspired Andrew to live a lighter life and say good-bye to 1/3 of his possessions. Andrew is a mountain man in training who appreciates an awesome view, a good story and organized closets. Connect with Andrew on Google+ or LinkedIn.


text: WASHINGTON, Feb. 6, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Youth at the Boys & Girls Clubs of Greater Washington now know firsthand what it takes to build robots and understand the significant role robots play in society – thanks to a 10-week program delivered by a team of Verizon information technology volunteers. Eighteen club members, ages 9 to 14, from the Richard England Clubhouse #14 and Hopkins Branch Club received recognition for their achievements at a special closing ceremony Wednesday ( Feb. 6) at the Boys & Girls Clubs facility in Northeast Washington. "This initiative is part of Verizon's ongoing commitment to community service and the youth at Boys & Girls Clubs," said Angela M. Congo, Verizon's director of information technology and executive sponsor of the community outreach program. "The program was designed to emphasize the real-life, everyday use of robots in our society and generate interest in careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics [STEM]. "Our goal was to demystify the knowledge and skills needed to pursue technical careers by offering students hands-on experience through our robotics program," Congo added. "We are so pleased at the excitement this program has generated and, more importantly, at what the students have learned and were able to accomplish." During the closing ceremony, students displayed the robots they created and shared their experiences in the robotics program. Verizon awarded each student an iPod Shuffle and a variety of other prizes. Pandit F. Wright, president and CEO of the Boys & Girls Clubs of Greater Washington, said: "During after-school hours in America, approximately 15 million children are at home with no adult care or supervision. Support from partners like Verizon is critical to ensuring that every child we serve has a safe and positive place to go after school. We are grateful for the work Verizon and its employees have done with creating impactful character-building programs for our young people." At the program's kickoff session last September, students saw different examples of robots performing many critical, automated tasks ranging from basic mathematic functions to brain surgery.


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Jin Abe, 16, was seen calling out for help from the roof of the collapsed home in the hard-hit city of Ishinomaki, according to the Miyagi Prefectural Police. Like other homes in northeastern Japan, they had lost electricity and telephone service in the March 11 earthquake.
The woman could not get out of the house because she has trouble walking, and the teenager, who was suffering from a low body temperature, had been unable until Sunday to pull himself from the wreckage, Kawamura told The Associated Press by telephone.
They were found by local police who realized they couldn't get the woman out of the collapsed house and had to call other rescuers, he said.
The police said they were trying to learn if there had been other relatives living in the house and their whereabouts.
NHK showed them being taken by helicopter to a hospital.
Kawamura said that while the rescue was a reason for joy, the police had "too many other victims to find to take the time to celebrate."
Donate to Japan relief
American Red Cross
To support Japanese earthquake and tsunami relief efforts
Doctors Without Borders / Medicins Sans Frontieres
Working to assist people whose survival is threatened by violence, neglect, or catastrophe.
Direct Relief International
Provides medical assistance to improve the quality of life for people affected by poverty, disaster, and civil unrest at home and throughout the world.
Mercy Corps
Continues to deliver emergency supplies including tents, blankets, instant rice and fresh produce to families evacuated from homes in the tsunami-devastated city of Kesennuma.


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CANADA STOCKS--TSX set to open lower as U.S. shutdown weighs
Oct 2 (Reuters) - Canada's main stock index looked set to open lower on Wednesday as a partial U.S. government shutdown entered its second day, with investors worrying about its implications on debt ceiling talks later this month.
* President Barack Obama and congressional Republicans came no closer to ending a standoff on Tuesday that has forced the first government shutdown in 17 years and thrown hundreds of thousands of federal employees out of work.
* The European Central Bank left interest rates unchanged, holding off any fresh policy action for now while it waits to see whether a fragile euro zone recovery strengthens.
* Italian Prime Minister Enrico Letta appeared on course to win a confidence vote following a flood of defections from media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right party.
* Three of the top 20 investors in Microsoft Corp are lobbying the board to press for Bill Gates to step down as chairman of the software company he co-founded 38 years ago, according to people familiar with matter.
* Tesco, Britain's biggest retailer, posted flat sales 18 months into a 1 billion pound recovery plan for its main home market, a lack of growth exposed by accelerating sales at rival J Sainsbury.


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Designed by an expert team of baby specialists, the So-Ro Twin Cradle in White offers a rhythmic, front-to-back rocking movement that soothes and comforts your babies. This linear movement emulates babies' movements in their mother's womb and when rocked in their parents' arms, so the baby perceives it as a natural, familiar movement.
The degrees of inclination on the So-Ro Twin Cradle's upper part help to create a pleasant, peaceful setting around babies' head so that they can breathe well, which is particularly useful when they are suffering from colds or nasal congestion.
Beautifully created with a breathable base to protect your babies' skin, allowing the most natural breathability. The removable partition allows your two angels to sleep separately or be together, in one easy movement. Simple design matched with outstanding practicality, your babies will be cocooned in a comforting and stylish haven through their newborn months.
Suitable from 0 - 6 months
Depth: 81cm | Height: 65cm | Width: 110cm
Weight: 17kg
Includes 2 pads and 2 fitted sheets


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Very good service, completed the work for an mot pass on the same day, however need to update the address on Google maps had a bit of trouble finding the place
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pleasant staff and service in all aspects, efficient service of communication and hassle free. I would return here
Very good job, did everything that was asked and the bill ended up being cheaper than the original quote!
No problems, would absolutely use them again and recommend!
Cannot fault this service at all . It's the first I've used this website and this company is tops . Would highly recommend to friends / family
Excellent service well done
Fitted me in the day after I asked for yhe repair and kept to the quote price. Had no trouble since. Seems like a good, professional garage.
Excellent service from garage. Promptly told what fault had been found, advised cost (Very reasonable) and job done same day. Cannot fault them, so will be using them again !
Delighted thank you for great service
excellent Garage great staff, many thanks steve, friendly and relaxed atmosphere yet professional with it.


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First let me thank all of you in advance for your help.
I need someone with pretty good knowledge or experience to help me with the following AC issue.
My 01 T&C FWD 3.3L has an AC issue. when I bought it the ac clutch was out. i replaced the clutch, vaccumed the system out and it held vacuum fine , so I guess no leaks. recharged and I believe oil and freon level to be pretty close. new ac clutch clicks in and out just fine.
the issue is with the performance of the AC. the compressor clutch engages but the 2 under hood elec fans do not come on. the fans are good and will operate with engine temp. I think it is the AC pressure transducer (part # 5019881AB).?? anywhere to buy this other than the stealership??
I have already replaced the fan relay located on the cross member behind the bumper and - no change to the AC or fan operation. the AC blows cool when you first start it but as the compressor head psi rises the air becomes warm and stays that way. I think this is from the fans not coming on and cooling the condersor core. I tested the operation of the fans on my other van (97) and they come on with seconds of the AC being engaged. unfortanally this van does not use the same transducer for me to swap and test for function. I have no problems with engine temp or over heating. I have no codes or check engine lights. the rest of the van operates just fine. does anyone know how to test the transducer ? or other ideas on this AC issue?


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so you completely bite it? im starting to wonder which of those skecthes is actually yours. my guess is none.
so you completely bite it? im starting to wonder which of those skecthes is actually yours. my guess is none.
i like the top one better...
Draw more corroded doughnuts, FlippingFaggot.
I bit off many writers in my day
It's a learning experience
I don't mind so much people who bite because they just wana get better.
They'll learn they need their own style eventually and they'll branch out
You gotta learn the roots first ya dig. so take it from someone who's better than you
But don't go runnin around like you own it.
Live up to a bite and I have respect for you, everyone has done it.
ibu you frustrated because i get more girls than you haha??
Suck my fucking dick, you fucking piece of shit.
I bet you don't get any girls at all, so shut the fuck, you herb.
If you do get girls (which you probably don't), I bet they're all 1955 white opera singers with flat ass A-cup tits
Troll mode, *****'. Get at me.
Last edited by IbuprofenTablets; 08-26-2010 at 05:53 PM.
Shut the fuck up, you scrawny little faggot. You ain't shit.
Also, new shit. Kind of a simple. No good markers at the moment so I can't fill it without it turnin out like shit. Lemme know what yall think. Sorry bout the shitty phone pic but I'm poor and cameras are hard to rack.
That shits garbage. I done better shit with a crayon on a fucking plane. In Terbulance.
King Status Baby
Hahaha, I remember your ass.
momma on the phone askin if im still trappin
Hi, all! I've been sketching for almost a year and started painting on walls a few months ago, but I'd love some advice on my sketches and if I'm doing good for someone who is only sketching for a year.
lol did you super impose them on to walls. funny shit.
I used photoshop, because I like putting my sketches on walls before painting them.
god damn, with the time it takes to photoshop all that u coulda went out and actually painted it... the one wall looks like its in japan or somethin, and is it balde? or bahde?


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Jump to:Page Content
Home > About > The Original Saguaro Seminar Meetings > Youth and Civic Engagement
Note: this is only a description of some of the issues and ideas considered. For our official set of recommendations, see our BetterTogether report.
Our second meeting, Saguaro II, was held in early September, 1997 outside of Boston, MA. It focused on adolescent youth – a primary issue to philosophers from Aristotle to Rousseau to William James which compelled them to ask: "What virtues and skills are essential for citizenship in a democracy, and how can they be inculcated?"
The Seminar focused on the more pragmatic issue of what practical innovations can raise levels of civic engagement and social capital among the next generation of Americans beyond levels prevailing among our own generation.
Our shared purpose in Saguaro II was to identify possible avenues for improvement in the civic engagement and social capital of American communities, not to dwell on the details of our problems. In that spirit, we considered three domains of possible solutions:
The problem: There is healthy debate about what is up and what is down with respect to civic engagement and social capital in America; however, most agree that the data show significant generational differences – the generations coming of age in the last 30 years (especially in the '80s) are generally less engaged than their predecessors, even controlling for the perennial fact that older people are almost always more engaged with their communities than younger people. For example, comparing the values and self-reported behavior of successive classes of high school seniors and college freshmen over the last 20-30 years, one detects declining interest in community affairs and politics and rising interest in material goals. Similarly with respect to voting turnout, most of the aggregate decline over the last 20-30 years is explained by a steadily decreasing turnout among each new cohort of 18-21 year-olds rather than current voters deserting the voting booths. In addition, while levels of trust have always been lower among adolescents than older people, this gap is widening (relative to adolescent cohorts in the 60s and 70s).
This disengagement matters greatly over the long-term. Evidence suggests that the maxim "as the twig is bent, so grows the tree" applies to civic engagement. One's life-long propensity to engage civically is generally forged in the coming-of-age years, even though the levels of engagement tend to rise over the life cycle for any given cohort. Recent cohorts are starting at a lower level, so that even as they move along the life cycle of increasing engagement, they are unlikely to offset the losses caused by the very involved elders at the end of their lives simultaneously departing the civic stage.
At Saguaro II, we sought strategies to increase the long-term civic engagement of the "baby echo" generation, a timely issue since they are now swarming elementary schools. Despite the widening gap between adolescents and older generations in trust and political action, the Saguaro group saw a large opportunity for adolescent civic connectedness. We considered three, successively broader, concentric circles: schools, out-of-school activities, and broader enabling conditions. A youth focus group enabled us to hear how young people are civically engaged and challenges they face. Each session was facilitated by one or two Saguaro participants to broaden the Seminar's leadership.
Useful ideas surfaced which we will report in greater clarity down the road as we have not yet gained group consensus on these ideas (nor may we ever on some). Below are listed a few of these, part of a civic "tasting" menu, culled from a much longer list:
The BetterTogether report has the group's more final thinking on adolescent approaches that have power to strengthen our bonds of trust and reciprocity.
We have created a list of related readings and links, available via the link below.
Meeting I – General Introduction/history
(Cambridge, MA, April 17-19, 1997)
Background meeting focusing on social capital and lessons from the Progressive Era that could apply to the current crisis.
Meeting II – Youth and civic engagement(Boston, MA, September 8-10, 1997) Our second meeting focused on adolescent youth and civic engagement.
Meeting III – Government and social capital(Indianapolis, IN, December 7-9, 1997) Hosted by Indianapolis Mayor Steven Goldsmith (a Saguaro participant) this meeting focused on the inter-relation between government and community engagement: both how government can affirmatively boost civic engagement and how to minimize any harm that government does to civic engagement.
Meeting IV – Politics and social capital(Los Angeles, CA, February 13-14, 1998) The fourth meeting addressed the relationship between and issues surrounding politics and civic engagement.
Meeting V – Faith and social capital(Washington, DC, June 12-13, 1998) At this meeting we examined faith-based efforts which weave a stronger community fabric.
Meeting VI – Work and social capital(Tarrytown, NY, October 16-17, 1998) Our sixth meeting focused on work and civic engagement.
Meeting VII – The arts and social capital(Santa Fe, NM, June 11-13, 1999) The seventh meeting focused on the arts and civic engagement.
Meeting VIII – Technology and social capital (Cambridge, MA, March 31-April, 2000)


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Let's Break Down This Letterman/Palin Deal for Our Good Friends on the Left
posted at 11:41 pm on June 11, 2009 by Jim Treacher
Apparently it's confusing to some people, so let's see if this helps explain why one of the jokes Letterman made the other night was a joke about raping a 14-year-old girl:
- The only Palin daughter who went to the Yankees game that Letterman referred to was Willow.
- In order for Alex Rodriguez to impregnate Willow Palin, as delineated in Letterman's hilarious punch line, A-Rod would have to commit statutory rape.
- Statutory rape is rape.
I realize I just threw a lot at you there, progressives, so feel free to take as much time as you need to sort through it.
[A long, long time passes]
All done? Think you've got it? Okay.
Now, during Letterman's "part apology, part clarification" that neither apologized for nor clarified anything, he insisted that he wouldn't make a joke about a kid getting knocked up because that would be sick, and he's not sick. While this is truly a mighty fortress of logic, the fact remains that he spent eight full minutes on the topic last night without explaining why it wasn't really a Willow Palin joke, even though Willow was the only Palin daughter at the event he was talking about.
"It doesn't matter which Palin daughter got knocked up in that fictional scenario," you cry. "It's totally irrelevant to the joke!" Hey, don't tell me. Tell Willow Palin. She's the one who went to a baseball game with her mom and dad, and got slammed for it on national TV by a very wealthy and prominent older gentleman who has a history of problems dealing with women.


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Posted by Richard Evensen on April 18, 2011
(Note: Due to concerns that the strong language of my original blog would overshadow the message, I have rewritten the first paragraph. The goal of this blog is to stimulate conversation – admittedly, through confrontation – in order to determine what correlation NPS really has and how to best use it, or not!)
As the Customer Satisfaction (CSAT) analyst in the Market Insights Team, I get a lot of questions about Net Promoter Score (NPS). As the "ultimate question," NPS is being positioned as a cure to all business ills and a way to understand everything you need to know about your customers . . . with just one question. Most market insights professionals struggle with NPS as it goes against our training to accept data correlations which have not been proven. Presenting actionable insights tied to NPS when correlation has not been proven? It feels like selling snake oil and is likely one of the drivers for the view that "researchers hate this metric."
Has NPS — like Britney Spears' singing — been overhyped?
My professional colleagues — including Timothy L. Keiningham, Bruce Cooil, Tor Wallin Andreassen and Lerzan Aksoy (A Longitudinal Examination of Net Promoter and Firm Revenue Growth) and Jeffrey Henning (Net Promoter Score [NPS] Criticisms and Best Practices) — have already beautifully, and very analytically, dissected and disproven NPS. They are not alone in their views or criticisms. So, why do we still use NPS when there is no clear statistical conclusions as to its effectiveness?!
Posted by Patti Freeman Evans on April 9, 2011
After two days of very well done presentations from the Bazaarvoice team, observers of the social space and some business leaders, I come away from the Bazaarvoice Social Summit with a few thoughts:


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ORDER F. I. Rebello. J.
1. This is a Notice of Motion taken out by the Plaintiffs against the Defendants. It is the case of the Plaintiffs that they manufacture and/or market desalination plants under the trade mark "DISK TUBE". The Plaintiffs was incorporated in 1992 and commenced business of manufacturing and marketing plants for desalination and purification of water since October. 1992 and since then has been continuously carrying on the said business. Plaintiffs have been selling their products under trade marks DT DISK TUBE commonly abbreviated to DT MODULE since 1992 on an extensive scale. The Plaintiffs have applied for registration of trade marks DT, DT DISK TUBE and DISK TUBE in Class 7 of the Fourth Schedule to the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958. The said applications are pending. It is the case of the Plaintiffs that though they have applied for registration of the mark DISK TUBE, they are also marketing goods under the mark "DISC TUBE". Plaintiffs have annexed various documents to the Plaint and have also relied on an affidavit to contend that the affiants associate the mark DT DISK TUBE with the Plaintiffs. Six such affidavits have been filed. The Plaintiffs have also filed a statement showing their sales turnover as also the advertisements expenses incurred by them. It is the case of the Plaintiffs that an advertisement appeared in 1998 which was published in the Coast Guard Brochure on the occasion of Coast Guard Day, wherein the Defendants have offered to suppy "DISK & TUBE" desalination plants. From the said advertisement, the Plaintiffs came to learn for the first time that the Defendants have adopted the trade mark DISK & TUBE which is deceptively similar to the Plaintiff's trade mark. It is contended that the Defendants have used the mark DISK & TUBE in the manner caused to injure the Plaintiffs reputation in their business and profession. By reason of deception and confusion likely to be caused by use of the impugned mark, the Plaintiff's goodwill and reputation will suffer. It is contended that Defendants in law were bound to select a trade mark which is not calculated to injure the reputation of the Plaintiffs. The Plaintiffs have filed an additional affidavit of their Managing Director on 6th October, 1998. In the said affidavit they have reproduced extracts from the presentation made by the Defendants, on or about 10th April, 1997 at the seminar organized by the Defendants for the Coast Guard and Indian Navy Personnel on their Reverse Osmosis Theory and Practice. There is no need to reproduce what has been set out therein.
It is pointed out on behalf of the Plaintiffs, that even if it is assumed that the expression DISK TUBE was descriptive, nonetheless by constant user it has become distinctive and it is the Plaintiffs alone who were entitled to use of the same. Plaintiffs have relied on various Judgments which will be referred to hereinafter.
2. On behalf of the Defendants, an affidavit has been filed by their Director Nazir H. Bandukwaia. It is contended that the entire exercise is malafide. The Defendants had bid for a con tract floated by Coast Guard. The injunction was taken behind their back to prevent them from making their bid. It is pointed out that thereafter they moved this Court against the ex-parte order which was granted on 10th September, 1998. On 9th October, 1998 this Court was pleased to clarify that the ad interim order dated 10th September. 1998 does not prohibit the Defendants from claiming in the meeting of 12th October, 1998 of P.N.C. that their product meets with the tender requirement. That clarification was without prejudice to the rights and contentions of the parlies. It is contended that the Defendants were incorporated in 1964 and were converted into a Private Limited Company in April. 1976. They are a medium size Engineering Company having experience in the field of design, manufacture and supply of various kinds of equipment to the chemical, petro-chemicals, fertilizer oil/gas, power, marine, space, defence and R & D Establishments. The Defendants it is contended are manufacturing desalination plants of different types in technical collabpration with M/s. Caird & Rayner Clark Ltd., U. K. The Collaboration Agreement is of 29th November, 1995. The Defendants have manufactured and supplied more than 70 plants of various types to the Indian Navy and others. The Defendants are manufacturing desalination plants from September, 1987. It is further pointed out that Defendants have manufactured various desalination plants by the Reverse Osmosis process. The sale in respect of the Reverse Osmosis plants has gone upto a sum of Rs. 160 lacs. It is contended that the Disc and Tube type Reverse Osmosis plants were invented by a German Company viz. G.K.S.S. - Geesthacht (F.R.G.) under a registered patent. G. K. S. S. itself is a research organization and is not permitted to manufacture any plant, but is permitted to license their technical know how to manufacture such plants. One such Company is Enviro-Chemic who has been manufacturing said plants under the R. O. Modules, using the Disc and Tube type. Their modules are named as MD-12. By the same letter the Defendants were informed that the Disc and Tube Module MD-12 did not infringe any patent. On the contrary, MD-12 and other Disc Modules are available in the market, were based on the patent of the said G.K.S.S. and that said German Company by name Enviro-Chemie had licence from said G.K.S.S. as well as other suppliers. It is pointed out that the turnover and sales reflected in their latest Balance Sheet would establish that the Defendants are not a competitor of the Plaintiffs as they are a very big organization. It is further pointed out that so called application for registration by the Plaintiffs is only of March. 1998. It is pointed out that the presentation to the Coast Guard was in April of 1997 whereas the Agreement to manufacture the disc tube module with Enviro-Chemie is of 4th September. 1997. Reliance therefore on the presentation is of no consequence. It is further pointed out that the Plaintiffs are importing the said plants from their German Counterpart and are not entitled to any exclusive user of the name described as Disc/Disk Tube which are only descriptive of the technology used by the Plaintiffs. It is contended that the Defendants are entitled to use the same technology and Plaintiffs are not entitled to claim any exclusive user over the said technology nor can the Plaintiffs claim any exclusive user of the said marks. From the affidavit filed in support of the Plaintiffs claim, it is pointed out that some of the affiants have not even purchased goods from the Plaintiffs as can be seen from the names annexed of purchasers. It is further pointed out that the Defendants are manufacturing plants under their name and there ts no likelihood of confusion between the goods sold by the Plaintiffs and the goods sold by the Defendants. It is therefore contended that no case ts made out for the grant of any relief and the interim injunction granted should be vacated. It is pointed out that what the Indian Navy had asked for was the supply of desalination plant with Disc Tube Module Reverse Osmosis. It is in these circumstances that the Plaintiffs themselves had agreed for clarification and that the Court clarified its own order dated 10th September. 1998.
Counsels have relied on the various Judgments which will be referred to, to the extent necessary.
3. The first question which has to be considered in an action of passing off is, what is the right claimed by the Plaintiffs in themselves, which is distinctive to their product. The case of the Plaintiffs in the plaint is that they are using the trade mark DISK TRADE /DISC TUBE as manufacturers of quality products supplied under the said mark. Since 1992 according to the Plaintiffs they are selling the product under the said trade mark DT DISK TUBE commonly abbreviated to DT MODULE on an extensive scale. The averments in paragraph 3 that they have applied for registration as now come on record is only in the month of March, 1998. The Plaint was lodged on 21st August, 1998. In their Exhibit under their name 'ROCHEM RO-Water Desalination, the words used are "DISK TUBE MODULE TECHNOLOGY", below is the expression "REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS". In the information given it is set out that the Disc Tube Module (DT) is a major advance from the plate module technology which was originally developed by the West Germany Research Centre (G.K.S.S.). It is then set out that the successful development of the DT Module was only made possible by a precise technical approach in developing the total RO system. It is then set out that ROCHEM possesses the rare capability of being both the module manufacturer and the systems manufacturer. In the plaint as set out earlier it has been pleaded that they arc manufacturing the plants. In the pleadings more specifically in the rejoinder dated 6th October, 1998 in paragraph 8 it is set out that the Disc Tube Module Technology used in the Plaintiffs' Reverse Osmosis Desalination plant is a patented design. The design is patented by the Plaintiffs' German collaborators Rochem RO Wasserbehandlung GmbH, in the European Economic Community (E. E. C.), U. S. A., Japan and many other countries including in India where the patent subsists. Their RO desalination plants Incorporate the Disc Tube Membrane Technology. Though there are several manufacturers/suppliers of desalination plants in India the Plaintiffs claim that they are the only one whose RO desalination plant conform to the Disc Tube Membrane or Disc Tube Module technology. In other words what is clear is that the Disc Tube Membrane is a technology which use the disc and tube module using the scientific principle of reverse Osmosis for conversion of salt water into potable water or what is popularly known as desalination. The Plaintiffs have been using the said technology from 1993 onwards. They were therefore the first to use the technology. The Defendants on the other hand it is contended in their presentation of 10th April, 1997 had categorized RO modules under four types being (1)) tabular, (2) plate and frame, (3) spiral wound and (4) hollow fine fiber. It is then pointed out that in the said presentation it was set out that only plate and frame type plants used for sea water duty or brackish water duty are sold under ROCHEM brand and that too for small to medium capacity. ROCHEM has developed their own modification known as Disc and Tube module. However, that is same as Plate and Frame module and the only difference is all that it is of patented design. Thereafter it is set out that should the Indian Navy and Coast Guard still like to consider the Disc and Tube design then it is better to accept the Plate and Frame type. What is sought to be contended therefore is that the presentation by the Defendants was in respect of the plate and frame type and not Disc and Tube design. The Defendants have annexed and relied on the letter by their Collaborators which is dated 4th September, 1997 much after the presentation to the Indian Navy and/or Coast Guard. By this letter their Collaborators have Informed the Defendants that they are authorized to build plants with RO-Modules using the disc and the tube type. The modules are manufactured in their specialized factory in RoBdorf near Franfurt and shipped to TAS to be integrated into a RO-System. It is then set out that the Disc and Tube module MD-12 does not infringe any patent. On the contrary the MD-12 modules and the other disc modules available on the market are based on the patent of G. K. S. S. - Geesthacht (F. R. G.) and they have taken a licence from that Company as well as other suppliers. In the same letter it is also set out that they are also authorized to supply proprietary spares for MD 12 modules and to provide after sales service. Therefore it is clear that the modules are manufactured by using disc and membrane technology by a party having a right to use the technology. The Defendants are incorporating the said modules into their system.
4. The cause of action in the Plantiffs in moving this Court was the advertisement published in the Brochure brought out by the Indian Coast Guard in which the Defendants advertised as under :-
"Manufacture of Desalination plants. Disc & Tube Type R. O. Plants, Heat Exchangers. Pressure Vessels, Columns & Tanks."
It is thus pertinent that what the Plaintiffs and Defendants are doing in fact are using the technology for desalination of sea water by a process which uses disc and tube modules, which is an advance over the earlier modules in the market. The Plaintiffs have been marketing those products on the averments as it stands from the year 1993. Therefore because the Plaintiffs were the first to use and are using and/or marketing the product using the disc and tube technology under the name DT or Disc and Tube/ Disk and Tube, are they entitled to the injunction restraining the Defendants from using the word "Disc and Tube" or any other mark deceptively similar on the ground that a man has no right to put up his goods for sale as the goods of a rival trader.
5. The law relating to passing off is now well settled. A Plaintiff to maintain an action has to first satisfy, in the case of a descriptive word, that it has acquired distinctive or secondary meaning in connection with the Plaintiffs business, so that the use of those words in the trade name adopted by another is likely to deceive the public. In the case of desalination plants the expression public as will be seen will have to be restricted to those in the trade or the members of the public who use desalination plants as now explained in M/s. S. M. Dyechem Ltd. v. M/s. Cadbury (India) Ltd., The Apex Court has observed as under :-
"As to scope of a buyer being deceived, in a passing off action, the following principles have to be borne in mind. Lord Romer. L. J. has said in Payton & Co. v. Snelling Lampard & Co., that it is a misconception to refer to the confusion that can be created upon an ignorant customer. The kind of customer that the Courts ought to think of in these cases is the customer who knows the distinguishing characteristics of the Plaintiffs goods, those characteristics which distinguish his goods from other goods in the market so far as relates to general characteristics. If he does not know that, he is not a customer whose views can properly be regarded by the Court. [See the cases quoted in N.S. Thread & Co. v. Chadwick & Bros, which was a passing off action]. In Schweppe's case. Lord Halsbury said, if a person is so careless that he does not look and does not treat the label fairly but takes the bottle without sufficient consideration and without reading what is written very plainly indeed up the face of the label, you cannot say he is deceived."
In the instant case we are not dealing with a customer who comes across the counter and asks for merchandise, we are concerned with the customer who uses desalination plants; In other words a specialised customer. Would such a customer who knows that the Plaintiffs have been using the word DT or Disc Tube is likely to be confused if any other manufacturer, manufactures and sells desalination plants, using the disc and lube technology or descriptive mark. Is such a person likely to confuse the goods of such other manufacturer as that of the Plaintiffs. Has that name acquired a distinctiveness, so as to make a man believe that a product marketed as Disc Tube Technology is associated with the Plaintiffs alone. Is that the reputation that the Plaintiffs have acquired. In Refrigerators we have the frost free technology. Will a manufacturer who had come into the market first and because of advertising their Refrigerator as being frost free would be entitled to maintain an action in passing off against those others who entered the field much later and who also market and manufacture refrigerators as frost free. There is an extensive discussion on this aspect, in the judgments of the Court of Appeal in the case of McCain International Limited v. Country Fair Foods Limited and another,. In that case the Plaintiffs introduced in the market, a product known under the name "McCain Oven Chips". The Defendants in April, 1980 sought to launch their version of the product under the names "Country Fair Oven Chips" and "Birds Eye Oven Chips". On a Notice of Motion being taken out by the Plaintiffs, they obtained ex-parte injunction which was appealed. In appeal it was contended that name "Oven Chips" was descriptive of the product and it had not subsequently acquired distinctiveness and when a descriptive name had been applied to a product by the sole supplier of that product, that name could not easily acquire distinctive-ness. On the other hand it was contended that "oven chips" was not descriptive but was a fancy name, being an ungrammatical combination of two words which had not previously been associated together and by virtue of the Plaintiffs' extensive sales and advertising it had become distinctive of their product. The appeal was allowed and the order set aside. I will advert further to this case later on.
The Plaintiffs have supported their case based in the Judgment of Frank Reddaway and Frank Reddaway & Co. Ltd. v. George Banham and George Banham & Co. Ltd.. In that case the Plaintiffs for some years had been selling belts, under the name "Camel Hair Belting". That name had come to mean in the trade as the plaintiff s belting and nothing else. The Defendants began to sell belting made of the yarn of camel's hair and stamped it "Camel HairBelting". On the facts of that case the Court held that the Plaintiffs in 1877 began to make belting from yarn, which consisted principally of wool or hair and sold it under the name of "Woolen Belting." In 1879 they began to sell the belting, which it manufactured as "Camel Hair Belting," for the purpose of distinguishing it from the belting of other manufacturers. Large proportion of its trade has been with India, the Colonies and foreign countries. The yarn of which the appellant's belting was made, chiefly consisted of, for the most part, of camel hair. The respondent who was in employment of the appellant after he ceased to be in employment, began to manufacture belting on his own account. He made belling from yarn of the same description as that used by the appellants, which he sold and advertised as Arabian Belting. The respondent Company was formed in 1891 and in April/May began to call their belting as "Camel Hair Belting". The House of Lords held that there is no exception in the case of a name, which is verbally and in its primary meaning a true description of the goods, but which has acquired the meaning in the trade that the goods are those of a particular maker, so that purchasers ask for them exclusively by that name and buy them in the belief that they are getting that trader's goods. The Court observed that outside the Trade Marks Act, no man has the exclusive right to a name; the right is not to a name, but to protection from having another man's goods passed off as his goods. The Court then observed that the person not familiar with the trade it would simply be a description of the article sold and not a representation of It being made by a particular manufacturer. But then the Court would not know, how far particular words, even though descriptive of the article sold, may have acquired a kind of technical signification which would give to them in the trade a character of being made by a particular manufacturer as if they were stamped with its trade-mark. In other words, though the words may have been descriptive by a passage of time and user in the trade and as understood by the trade, they had become distinctive of ihe persons who sold the goods. On the facts of that case in appeal the order was reversed and the House of Lords returned the order of the Trial Court granting injunction for reasons set out above.
6. This Judgment came up for consideration in McCain International Limited (supra), and was distinguished. It was held that the case of Frank Reddaway and Frank Reddaway & Co. Ltd., (supra) was an extra ordinary case, which merely decided that the use of a descriptive term does not necessarily defeat a claim for passing off. Moreover the expression in that case, which was "Camel Hair Belting", had always been regarded as a fancy name. It was thought that there was no connection between the animal and the product. The Court noted that in passing off litigation there is a real distinction between a fancy name and a descriptive name. A fancy name is an indication of a single source and that is why it is impossible, generally speaking, for a defendant to appropriate the same fancy name without committing the tori of passing off. A descriptive name on the other hand does not indicate the source of the goods, but the nature of the goods. On the facts of that case the Court held that only 18th months had elapsed between the marketing of the product and that in the course of these 18 months, it was quite impossible for the Plaintiffs to establish that a secondary meaning has been attached to anything other than that which is claimed on their own packet and what had been claimed on their own product is "McCain Oven Chips". The Court held that the Plaintiffs had been unable to establish the descriptive name had obtained distinctiveness. For the sake of discussion, I may also refer the case of Cellular Clothing Company Limited v. Maxton & Murray, where Lord Halsbury observed where you are dealing with a name which is properly descriptive of the article, the burden is very great to shew that by reason of your using that name descriptive of the article you are selling, you are affecting to sell the goods of somebody else." Referring to his observations in the case of Reddaway v. Banham (supra): Lord Halsbury explained "Certainly Camel Hair Belting case may be an example of what, under ordinary circumstances, it would be very difficult to establish; but it was established there." The following observation of Lord Shand from that case may be reproduced.
"If a person employing a word of term of well-known signification and in ordinary use ..... is yet able to acquire the right to appropriate a word or term in ordinary use in the English language to describe his goods, and to shut others out from the use of this descriptive term, he would really acquire a right much more valuable than either a patent or a trade mark; for he and his successors in business would gain the exclusive right, not for a limited time as in the case of a patent, but for all lime coming, to use the word as applicable to goods which others may be desirous of manufacturing and are entitled to manufacture and sell as much as he is. That being so, it appears to me that the utmost difficulty should be put in the way of any one who seeks to adopt and use exclusively as his own a merely descriptive term."
In the same case in the matter of invention of a new product Lord Davey observed as under :-
".....where a man produces or invents, if you please, a new article and attaches a descriptive name to it-a name which, as the article has not been produced before, has, of course, not been used in connection with the article and secures for himself either a legal monopoly or a monopoly in fact of the sale of that article for a certain time, the evidence of persons who come forward and say that the name in question suggests to their minds and is associated by them with the plaintiffs goods alone is of a very stender character, for the simple reason that the plaintiff was the only maker of the goods during the time that his monopoly lasted, and therefore there was nothing to compare with it, and anybody who wanted the goods had no shop to go to, or no merchant or manufacturer to resort to, except the plaintiff..... If a man invents a new article and protects it by a patent..... he was a legal monopoly; but when the patent expires all the world may make the article, and if they may make the article they may say that they are making the article, and for that purpose use the name which the patentee has attached to it.....But the same thing in principle must apply where a man has not taken out a patent, as in the present case, but has a virtual monopoly because other manufacturers, although they are entitled to do so, have not in faet commenced to make the article. He brings the article before the world, he gives it a name descriptive of the article; all the world may make the article, and all the world may tell the public what article it is they make, and for that purpose they may prima facie use the name by which the article is known in the market."
7. It is therefore, clear that the Judgment in the case of Frank Reddaway v. Banham (supra) has been distinguished and restricted to the facts of that particular case. It is no doubt true that reliance was also placed in the Judgment in the case of Carlsberg v. Tennent Caledonian Breweries Limited, in the Court of Session, Scotland. There action was brought in respect of a beer which was marketed as "special brew", in view of the fact that though the name was descriptive it had become distinctive, the injunction as prayed for was granted. A large number of other judgments have been cited which to my mind need not be cited as generally they are for the same proposition namely that even a descriptive word if it become distinctive, the Plaintiffs can against others using the word similar to that, can Institute and get injunction from so using the word. After the judgment in M/s. S. M. Dyechem Ltd. (supra), the concept of deception or confusion has to be on the touchstone of the customers who knows. The Defendants are marketing their products using Disc & Tube modules under their own name. The question of knowledgeable customers being deceived and confused will hardly arise. The Plaintiffs were marketing goods, descriptive of a particular technology whose patent was registered and of which the Plaintiffs were only licensed to manufacture. They are using the abbreviated word mark for the Technology. They were marketing the product when there was no other manufacturer, when their monopoly lasted and therefore there was nothing to compare with it. Apart from that as can be seen, these are desalination plants, manufactured and sold, either by intending purchasers placing orders or inviting bids. The question of deception, prima facie at least will not arise. The principle applicable in this case will be the observations of Lord Davey's in Cellular Clothing Company Ltd. (Supra).
8. On the facts of the present case can it be said that the descriptive word insofar as Plaintiffs are concerned had obtained distinctiveness. No doubt there are some affidavits filed in support of the Plaintiffs' claim. To my mind that by itself would not be sufficient material. All that Plaintiffs were doing were using the new technology. It was the only manufacturer then and merely because it was using the descriptive name when none others were using the technology to manufacture desalination plants would not make the name distinctive which would restrain other manufacturers from using the technology and the name associated with the technology. The invention is not theirs. They have collaboration with other. The word Disk and Tube is descriptive of the technology used and had not obtained any distinctiveness.
The Plaintiffs have therefore failed to make out a strong prima facie case which is the requirement for an injunction as has been held by the Apex Court in the case of S. M. Dyechem Ltd. v. Cadbury (India) Ltd. (supra) while holding and explaining the Judgment in American Cyanamid Co. v. Ethicon Ltd., as explained in the case of Colgate Palmolive (India) Ltd. v. Hindustan Lever Ltd.. Plaintiffs have also failed to make out a case of irreparable injury or loss nor is the balance of convenience in their favour. Considering the above to my mind no case has been made cut. Consequently, the injunction granted has to be vacated. In view of the above, Notice of Motion dismissed.
In the circumstances of the case, there will be no order as to costs.
9. Learned Counsel for the Plaintiffs requests to continue injunction for the further period of eight weeks. Considering that there was an ad interim order in force since 1998, the said order to continue for eight weeks from today. On expiry of which period the stay will automatically stand vacated.
All parties concerned to act on the ordinary copy of this order duly authenticated by the Associate of this Court.
P. A. to give ordinary copy of this order to the parties concerned.
Certified copy expedited.


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The ability of high performance computers (HPCs) to solve complex applications very quickly has risen exponentially since their introduction in the 1960s; unfortunately, so has their electricity use. Many supercomputers require more than a megawatt of electricity to operate, and annual electricity costs can easily run into millions of dollars. As the use of HPCs became more widespread, researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) saw the need to improve energy efficiency of supercomputers and the infrastructures that support them.
Berkeley Lab researchers organized the Energy Efficient High Performance Computing Working Group (EE HPC WG) in 2008 to promote energy-efficient computing best practices and to drive improvements in energy performance of HPC systems. At the time, the concept of energy-efficient computing was often a distant afterthought in the race to improve supercomputer computational performance as quickly as possible.
"We were convinced that bringing U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories together to demand more efficient supercomputers would bring the issue to the forefront for supercomputer developers and vendors," says Bill Tschudi, leader of the High Tech and Industrial Systems Group at Berkeley Lab. "As a significant segment of the HPC market, the national labs were interested not only in spurring more efficient designs and equipment, but also in reducing their own energy bills—costs that were siphoning money from their mission."
The DOE's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) provided funding for Berkeley Lab to start the group, which hoped to serve both as a united front to promote energy efficient computing and as a forum for sharing best practices. The strategy worked. Awareness of the need for energy efficient HPC grew, which sparked competition among vendors to improve HPC energy efficiency even before end users asked for it. Today, realizing the benefits of energy-efficient HPCs, end users are putting requirements in proposal requests, and vendors are not only responding to those requests, but are also participating in many of the EE HPC working group's activities.
Today, Berkeley Lab continues to provide ideas and lead the working group, which is now supported by the DOE Sustainability Performance Office. The group's members—over 380 of them from 20 countries—participate voluntarily and self-select topics of interest to the group. Members include representatives from other federal agencies, universities, private industry, and vendors of HPC and data center equipment, including prominent companies such as Intel, Emerson, IBM, Cray, and others.
The EE HPC WG consists of three subgroups: one focused on infrastructure, another on systems, and a third on outreach and conferences.
Within each of those subgroups, small teams are formed to address specific issues. Examples are the HPL Power/Energy Measurement Methodology team, Liquid Cooling Commissioning team, and HPC Demand Response team, which all meet (virtually) multiple times each month.
"Working group members participate in whichever sub-group project interests them and can benefit from their expertise," explains Tschudi. "Once the subgroup members have made progress on their issue, they present it to the larger group for feedback and further development." Once completed, the groups disband and typically select other topics of interest.
Members drive the working group's agenda, which ensures that the projects meet the membership's most pressing needs. A March 2013 member survey showed that members identified 12 out of the 14 activities currently being conducted by the group as high-value activities. In that same survey, more than half of the members identified "improving software to tune for energy efficiency" as an activity to pursue in the future.
The working group as a whole meets (virtually) bi-monthly, but occasionally meets in person at supercomputer conferences such as the SC Conference, International Supercomputing Conference (ISC), and others. Members of the group also present papers at SC and ISC and arrange annual "Birds of Feather" sessions (informal meetings) to discuss recent developments in the field.
In its nearly five years of existence, some of the working group's most important achievements have been in developing common metrics, measurement protocols, and guidelines for the supercomputer industry: for liquid cooling of supercomputers, for determining power usage effectiveness, and for measuring power during computational output.
When vendors began producing liquid cooling systems, no standard thermal guidelines existed. By evaluating systems from the processor to the atmosphere, the EE HPC WG identified temperatures that could be supported, and developed a set of recommended temperatures that vendors could use to design equipment. The working group's recommendations first appeared in an ASHRAE white paper, and are now in ASHRAE's guidelines of recommended temperatures. Supercomputer vendors participated in this process throughout.
The Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) metric has been used for years to determine how much of the power in a data center is consumed by the IT equipment (as opposed to other facility loads such as cooling and power distribution). However, this metric is not effective in determining the efficiency of computer equipment when the system's cooling fans or power conversions are located outside of the computer itself. The working group developed two new metrics to help evaluate these situations: (1) ITUE (IT-power usage effectiveness), which is similar to PUE but focuses on energy use inside the computer equipment, and (2) TUE (total-power usage effectiveness), which combines PUE and ITUE to provide a ratio of total energy (that of both internal and external support equipment) as well as the specific energy used in the HPC. The TUE can be used to compare one HPC system to another. The metrics were demonstrated on Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) Jaguar supercomputer system, and the working group plans to seek acceptance of the TUE metric through industry groups such as the Green Grid industry association.
Every year, a list known as the Green 500 ranks the 500 most efficient supercomputers. The list helps supercomputer users and vendors identify the most efficient systems; however, because the methods used to determine efficiency have not been uniformly performed, the current comparisons are not as accurate as they could be. The EE HPC working group is developing a standard method that all users can use to measure power uniformly.
Commissioning of liquid cooled supercomputers is a relatively new requirement. The working group decided to share best practices and develop a liquid cooling commissioning guideline to inform those that have not dealt with liquid cooled systems. The subgroup working on this task includes vendors that provide liquid-cooled supercomputers and infrastructure cooling equipment.
Because the working group's member base is so dispersed and varied, its website is a key tool for keeping members informed. Webinars inform members of the subgroups' progress, and the presentations from these webinars are archived on the site, along with the working group's published papers. To expand the reach of the working group's expertise, a member from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory tracks conferences and other meetings where members could speak about new developments and receive feedback on various topics.
In 2013, members of the EE HPC WG won the Gauss Award, sponsored by the German Gauss Center for Supercomputing, for their paper, "TUE, a New Energy-Efficiency Metric Applied at ORNL's Jaguar." The award is presented for the most outstanding paper in the field of scalable supercomputing at the ISC conference held annually in Germany. Intel's Mike Patterson, the primary author, presented the paper at the conference. Bill Tschudi and Henry Coles of Berkeley Lab's Environmental Energy Technologies Division (EETD) were contributing authors. The paper described the TUE energy metric, including a description of its trial use at ORNL's scientific computing center.
The workgroup also shares its expertise through workshops. It will present the 'Building' Energy Efficient High Performance Computing Fourth Annual EE HPC WG Workshop at SC13 in Denver, Colorado, in November. This popular annual workshop will feature high-profile researchers discussing new developments in energy-efficient HPC from both the facilities and system perspectives; from architecture through design and implementation.
By sharing information and developing common approaches, the workgroup is helping to reduce HPC energy use. For example, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) requires the U.S. federal government to reduce energy intensity in all its facilities, including laboratories and industrial buildings, by 30 percent by 2015. The work done by Berkeley Lab and EE HPC WG volunteers is helping federal facilities measure and quantify energy savings, as well as helping vendors design energy efficient supercomputer equipment. The growth in computing energy use makes this goal a challenge; however, the EE HPC WG is dramatically improving energy performance from its business-as-usual trajectory.
"Interest in the EE HPC working group, continues to grow," says Tschudi. "The original vision of what the group could accomplish continues to be fulfilled through collaboration with the best minds engaged in supercomputing. DOE's leadership in encouraging and supporting this activity is providing energy savings and other benefits throughout DOE labs, as well as the industry at large."


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Winter is often associated with plunging temperatures and icy weather, but its impact and timing changes according to location. Most people think the coldest season begins during the winter solstice, but there are in fact two definitions of winter. Let's take a look at this cool time of year.
Shifting time frames
The coldest season of the year, winter comes between autumn and spring. The farther an area lies from the equator, the colder temperatures it experiences. Temperatures in equatorial regions stay relatively constant despite the shifting seasons. This is because, due to the curve of the Earth, the equatorial areas get more sunlight, according to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program.
Most people refer to astronomical winter when they refer to the season. Ranging from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox, astronomical winter has to do with Earth's position around the sun. During the winter solstice — which falls around December 21 in the Northern Hemisphere and June 21 in the Southern Hemisphere, according to the National Weather Service (NWS) — the path that the sun travels in the sky reaches its lowest point. It is the shortest day of the year, and has been noted and celebrated by a wide variety of cultures around the world. [Gallery: Images of Stunning Snowy Landscapes]
During the winter solstice, the corresponding pole is tipped about 23.5 degrees away from the sun, according to the NWS. On that day in the Northern Hemisphere, the North Pole is farther from the heat-producing star, while the Southern Hemisphere, which experiences summer, is closer.
But anyone who regularly engages in winter sports might tell you that winter weather tends to fall before the middle of December or June. Meteorological winter falls sooner, spanning the three-month period from December to March, according to NOAA. Based on weather such as snow and ice, meteorological winter doesn't rely on Earth's journey around the sun. While astronomical winter begins on the same date for the whole hemisphere, meteorological winter comes earlier for those farther from the equator.
Adapting to the weather
Winter brings many changes to the world around it. During winter, some animals migrate, which means moving to another area for a season's time. Usually, animals go south to warmer areas during the winter. In response to global warming, some bird species now arrive in spring breeding grounds earlier, and lay eggs earlier, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). In Europe, some birds that normally migrate have stopped migrating altogether, according to the report.
Species movement has to do with changes in habitat, as well, Keith Peterman, a professor of chemistry at York College of Pennsylvania, and Gregory Foy, an associate professor of chemistry at York College of Pennsylvania, explained to Live Science. Migration isn't just about staying warm. Animals can be forced out of their normal habitat because of changes in their food supply and introduction of new bacteria or viruses (due to the change in climate) where they have poor resistance.
Others animals begin a period of hibernation during the winter, passing much of the season in a near-sleep state. Because many plants die or are dormant, animals may stockpile food to help them through periods of want.
In addition to changing their locations and habits, some animals may also change their appearance. Animals such as hares and foxes may change their coloration to blend into snowy landscapes better. For example, the snowshoe hair is brown during warm months, but then turns white to blend in with the snow, according to National Geographic. Other animals might grow thicker fur to help them to stay warm.
Unusual winters and extreme temperatures
Although winter tends to be a hard time for animals and humans alike, some winters host more extreme weather than others. Some of the extreme storms are listed below:
Known as the Storm of the Century, a storm system that formed over the Gulf of Mexico in March of 1993 blanketed the Eastern United States with snowfall, scattered tornadoes and hurricane-force winds of up to 120 mph (193 km/h), according to the NOAA. The storm affected 26 states, with snow falling as far south as the usually sunny Jacksonville, Florida. Drifts piled up as high as 35 feet, and many Southern states, unprepared for the need for large-scale snow removal, shut down completely.
In February 2012, a deadly cold wave ravaged Europe, causing more than 800 deaths. Temperatures reached as low as minus 38.6 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 39.2 Celsius), and snow blanketed several countries, setting records for many of them. The second-longest river in Europe, the Danube, froze, as did the Venice canals. Northern Africa also felt the breath of the storm, with snow covering parts of the Sahara. More than 100,000 people were trapped by snow and ice.
In the winter of 1783, temperatures dropped significantly in Europe, reaching as low as 3.6 degrees F (2 degrees C).
In March 1888, a snowstorm blanketed the northeastern United States, from Maine down to Washington, D.C., with 55 inches (139.7 centimeters) of snow, according to History. Over four feet of snow dropped in Connecticut and Massachusetts, while New York and New Jersey boasted almost three and a half feet. The storm sank 200 ships and killed 400 people.
In November 1940, a blizzard quickly plunged temperatures from 60 degrees down to single digits, according to the Star Tribune. Winds of up to 80 mph (129 km/h) pushed snow into 20-foot drifts across the Midwest. The surprise weather change ended up claiming many lives.
Antarctica currently boasts the lowest temperature on record. On July 21, 1983, temperatures at the Russian station, Vostok, reached minus 128.6 degrees F (minus 89 C). The coldest place on Earth during the winter is Antarctica's East Antarctic Plateau where temperatures can drop below minus 133.6 degrees F (minus 92 degrees C), according to NASA. Canada's lowest temperature was recorded Feb. 3, 1947, at minus 81 F (minus 63 C), while temperatures in the United States reached minus 79.8 F (minus 62 C) in northern Alaska on Jan. 23, 1971.
Historically, the Little Ice Age is probably the most memorable period of extreme cold. It spanned a number of years, roughly from 1275 to 1300, bringing extremely cold temperatures to Europe and North America. Large rivers, including the Thames in England, froze completely. A number of causes for the surprising drop in temperature have been proposed, including changes in solar and volcanic activity.
Staying warm
Cold winters can quickly bring on life-threatening medical conditions, such as hypothermia. Hypothermia is when a human's body temperature drops below 95 F (35 C), according to the Mayo Clinic. Cold temperatures and wind chill can make a person's body temperature drop in just minutes.
The cold temperatures can also cause frostbite, the freezing of skin and tissue. Cold temperatures are just one factor when it comes to frostbite susceptibility. "Other factors also come into play including the age/size of the individual (e.g., quicker onset in small children) or if an individual has less than optimal circulation to distal body parts such as hands/finger/feet/toes. Such pre-existing conditions might include diabetes, autoimmune vascular disorders, or atherosclerosis obliterans (hardening of the arteries)," said Dr. Nicholas Lorenzo, the chief medical officer with MeMD, a Web-based health services provider.
To avoid hypothermia and frostbite, it is important to keep all skin covered and dry during cold weather. Once a person has hypothermia or frostbite, the primary treatment is rewarming the patient.
Winter quotes
"Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face."
— Victor Hugo
"Now is the winter of our discontent."
— William Shakespeare
"If winter comes, can spring be far behind?"
― Percy Bysshe Shelley
"Winter is not a season, it's an occupation."
― Sinclair Lewis
"Winter is the time for comfort, for good food and warmth, for the touch of a friendly hand and for a talk beside the fire: it is the time for home."
― Edith Sitwell
"You can't get too much winter in the winter."
— Robert Frost
"Winter is nature's way of saying, 'Up yours.'"
― Robert Byrne
"What good is the warmth of summer, without the cold of winter to give it sweetness."
― John Steinbeck
"Melancholy were the sounds on a winter's night."
― Virginia Woolf
"I had slumps that lasted into the winter."
— Bob Uecker
Additional reporting by Alina Bradford, Live Science contributor.
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text: For seniors hopeful of being drafted in June, the months leading up to their final high school season can crawl by agonizingly slow. But few in this year's class have awaited Opening Day as eagerly as Cody Johnson. Though Johnson, a laid-back, unassuming 6-foot-5 slugger from the Florida panhandle, rarely feels restless, the start of his senior season represents a fresh start and it couldn't come a moment too soon.