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So much has been written about the benefits of rotary Ni-Ti for so long and from so many different sources that it is understandable that many dentists consider this way of doing endodontics the standard. Yet a closer examination shows that this system, in all its many forms, has deficiencies and inconsistencies that limit its use and require many precautions to be employed safely. Perhaps the greatest inconsistency is the reliance on traditional instruments to create a glide path so they can be used safely in the first place.
To this day, advocates of rotary Ni-Ti state that a glide path sized generally to at least a 20 be created with K-files. The K-file came of age in a day so long ago that endodontic instruments were made of carbon steel, a metal so brittle that using it in a rotary fashion would have led to immediate separation. With this limitation it made sense to design instruments that were used with a push-pull stroke, namely files. When stainless steel was introduced as a metal for endodontic instruments about 60 years ago, the teachers and manufacturers of the day said it was then safe to rotate these formerly brittle instruments because they would no longer break. No consideration was given to the fact that dentists were now being asked to use these push-pull designed instruments in a rotary fashion.
Figure 1. Horizontal flutes of an endodontic file.
Figure 2. Wood screw with horizontal flutes.
The push-pull action of a file requires the more horizontal flute (Figure 1) orientation to pull cleaved dentin from the canal. Once these horizontal flutes are employed with a rotary or reciprocating motion, their efficiency dramatically drops because they are removing minimal dentin while engaging the tooth far more. Greater engagement is not necessarily associated with greater efficiency. For example, the threads on a screw are quite horizontal (Figure 2). They are sharp enough to engage the dentin maximally, but at the same time remove practically none of the material into which they are being embedded. They are doing what a screw is designed to do. Yet the design of a file, as compared to a reamer, is much more screw-like. In short, what the dentists of the day were taught, and are still being taught, is counterproductive when trying to efficiently remove dentin along the walls of the canal.
A simple comparison of the features of a K-file compared to those of a K-reamer should further amplify what is stated above. A typical K-file is fabricated from a square wire, which includes 24 flutes along its 16 mm of working length. Because the original wire is square, each flute has 4 contact points, making a total of 96 contact points from the 24 flutes incorporated into the file design. By comparison, a K-reamer is fabricated from a triangular wire, which includes 16 flutes along its 16 mm of working length. Because the original wire is triangular, each flute has 3 points of contact, making a total of 48 contact points from the 16 flutes incorporated into the reamer design.
|Figure 3. Comparison of file versus reamer.
There is a direct correlation between the amount of engagement and the resistance an instrument will encounter as it negotiates apically.1 Obviously, on the basis of the number of contact points alone, a reamer with one-half the contact points of a file will encounter one-half the resistance, making it far easier to negotiate apically. Yet as obvious as this fact is, it is really not the most important difference between a K-file and a K-reamer. With 16 flutes evenly spaced along the 16 mm of working length, the orientation of the flutes on a reamer are significantly more vertically oriented than the 24 flutes that must be accommodated in the same 16 mm of working length on a K-file (Figure 3). While horizontal flutes were justified on a file using a push-pull stroke, they make no sense when the motion is rotational or reciprocal. The flutes on a K-reamer are compatible with the rotary or reciprocating motion with which these instruments are used.
Figure 4. Flat on a reamer.
Figure 5. Motion with minimal amplitude but very high frequency.
The above discussion is not academic in nature. Anyone comparing the ease of apical negotiation through a curved, tight canal must observe far less resistance using a K-reamer versus a K-file. Given the advantages of more vertically oriented flutes, fewer of them, and half the contact points, other factors enhance the shaping capabilities of K-reamers. Having fewer flutes, they are less work-hardened, making them more flexible than files. The overall reduction in engagement and the greater ease of cleaving dentin augments the tactile apical perception these instruments give to the dentist. This increased tactual capability allows the instruments to be designed with a cutting tip, unlike the noncutting tip of a K-file. A cutting tip allows piercing and penetration of tissue and debris far more efficiently than the noncutting tip that tends to impact debris, resulting in loss of length, most particularly in tight, curved canals.
What is most fascinating in making the comparison between K-files and K-reamers is the realization that the K-reamer can be altered to make it even more efficient. We realize that reamers work better than K-files because they engage less while cleaving peripheral dentin more efficiently. By placing a flat on the entire working length of a K-reamer we create a relieved reamer that has only 32 points of contact, or one-third that found on a K-file (Figure 4). In addition, the placement of a flat along the entire working length also creates 2 columns of chisels. Where the flat meets the flute, a cutting edge is formed. When used in the recommended 30-degree reciprocating handpiece, one column of chisels cleaves in the clockwise direction while the other cleaves in the counterclockwise direction. The 30-degree reciprocating handpiece produces a motion with minimal amplitude (only one twelfth of a circle or 5 minutes on the face of a clock) but very high frequency (Figure 5). Because the instrument's degree of rotation is limited to 30 degrees, torsional stress and cyclic fatigue, the 2 factors most responsible for instrument separation in rotary Ni-Ti systems, are virtually eliminated. As a result, reciprocating speeds of up to 2,000 cycles/minute are well-tolerated with little danger of instrument separation.
One of the great attributes associated with rotary Ni-Ti is its superelasticity, which allows it to bend with far more flexibility than stainless steel. Yet a careful comparison of the properties of Ni-Ti and stainless steel point out pluses and minuses for both. Along with the superelasticity of Ni-Ti comes a high degree of shape memory, meaning that the metal wants to spring back to its original straight position. While these instruments can be prebent with difficulty, bending weakens the instruments considerably; it would never be used in a rotary system after it was bent. The advantages of Ni-Ti's superelasticity diminish as the canals become more curved and the Ni-Ti instrument employed becomes thicker because of tip size, taper, or both. It is also a fact that as the canals become more curved and the instruments used increase in tip size and taper, they increasingly become vulnerable to separation.2,3 It is ironic that these instruments designed to shape curved canals more easily without distortion must be used with ever increasing caution as they encounter the very canals they were designed to shape.
Figure 6. Placing relieved reamer in reciprocating handpiece.
On the other hand, a relieved reamer (Figure 6) can be prebent to take any curve that the canal may present, have that curve negotiated manually without distortion, and then be connected to a reciprocating handpiece for the final drive to the apex. The envelope of motion is so constricted with the use of the 30-degree reciprocating handpiece that attaching the prebent relieved reamers to the handpiece results in no significant distortion. Dr. Herb Schilder discussed the benefits of a constricted envelope of motion many years ago.4 The reciprocating handpiece is consistent with that minimal envelope of motion. The reciprocating motion is also consistent with the balanced force technique. Given the instrument's high frequency-low amplitude motion, the dentin is milled off in an even fashion rather than being cleaved in larger amounts, making the removal of dentin less harsh on both the instruments and the tooth being shaped.
What is being described is an alternative method of shaping canals with increased efficiency from the start of the glide path. We use a unique, modified tapered peeso that straightens the coronal curve of all teeth at the safe expense of the outer wall, easily gains depth to within 6 mm of the apex, and allows for the continuous use of relieved reamers in the reciprocating handpiece in a most efficient manner. On average, from the moment the canal measurement is made it takes approximately 3 to 5 minutes to shape the canal up to the point where it is ready for obturation.
|Figures 7a to 7f. Six typical cases performed with relieved reamers in a reciprocating handpiece.
Because separation is no longer an issue, dentists will feel comfortable in tackling more and more challenging cases (Figures 7a to 7f). The learning curve is a forgiving one because unlike rotary Ni-Ti, we are never asking more of the instruments than they can deliver. This is rotary Ni-Ti's biggest drawback. Yet, in the opinion of the authors, rotary and Ni-Ti should not be used in the same sentence. The fact that some dentists can use them in what they describe as a "free and easy manner" is a testament to their cautious nature and conservative clinical judgment.
|Figures 8a to 9b. Clinical cases that exemplify the straightforward techniques used to shape and obturate.
We use some Ni-Ti to create apical tapers without distortion, but all the instruments are used in the reciprocating handpiece, which not only prevents separation but also allows them to be used several times without any fear of separation. In fact, the only downside to using these instruments too many times is one of dullness. As a result, we have an organizer that includes a counter that records the number of times the instruments are used before they are discarded.
Two clinical cases will exemplify the straightforward techniques we use to shape and obturate (Figures 8a to 9b).
In the first case involving a lower second molar requiring endodontic treatment, traditional access was made with a No. 4 high-speed surgical round bur. Once the access was extended to the borders of the pulp chamber, warm 6% NaOCl was used to dissolve any of the remaining tissue, allowing us to have better visualization of the canals and any further tooth structure that should be removed for better access to the canals. The use of an explorer confirmed that we had at least coronal patency. We then placed an 08 K-reamer into each canal and attached an apex locator to determine the length of the canal to the apex. Gaining full depth to the apices presented no difficulties. We used the following sequence for full shaping, using hand reamers in the reciprocating handpiece:
- Nos. 10, 15, and 20 SafeSider (Essential Dental Systems) reamers to the apex
- No. 2 peeso to within 6 mm of the apex in all the canals
- No. 25, 30, and 35 SafeSiders to the apex
- No. 40 1-mm short of the apex
- No. 2 Gates Glidden to within 3 mm of the apex
- No. 30/04 and 25/08 Ni-Ti SafeSiders to the apex.
We constantly irrigated the canals with 6% NaOCl and lubricated each instrument with RC-Prep (Premier Dental). After the final shaping was done, we irrigated the canal with 17% EDTA and a final rinse with 2% chlorhexidine, which we left in the canals while we fitted the points.
After the points (mediums from DENTSPLY Maillefer) were fitted with significant tugback, we dried the canals and placed EZ-Fill epoxy resin cement (Essential Dental Systems) into the canals using the bidirectional spiral, which completely floods the canals while preventing excess from spilling over the apices. We then liberally coated the points with the same epoxy resin, seared off the excess gutta-percha, removed the excess cement, cleansed the pulp chamber with a cotton ball moistened in alcohol, and then etched and bonded a composite filling within the access preparation.
We used virtually the same technique for the second case with equally good results. Of course, the Safe-Siders can be used with re-treatment cases as well. In fact, a significant number of the endodontic procedures we do today are retreatments. As with any technique, greater experience leads to greater facility with the technique. The one feature that stands out with the SafeSiders is the undeniable fact that separation is not part of the learning experience, and as a result dentists will be far more willing to take on increasingly challenging cases.
This article makes the case that rotary Ni-Ti should not be compared with traditional techniques. There is no question that rotary Ni-Ti outperforms these antiquated systems. Rather, the comparison should be between this new alternative way to accomplishing endodontic treatment and rotary Ni-Ti. As so many former rotary Ni-Ti users who now use this alternative method of instrumentation have found out, all the advantages of rotary Ni-Ti are retained, while the disadvantages of both traditional techniques and rotary Ni-Ti are virtually eliminated. When one considers the fact that the cost of doing endodontics drops by about 90% on a peruse basis when this alternative system is employed, without sacrificing quality, the motivation to grow acquainted with this system becomes obvious.F
1. Musikant BL, Cohen BI, Deutsch AS. Comparison instrumentation time of conventional reamers and files versus a new, noninterrupted, flat-sided design. J Endod. 2004;30:107-109.
2. Pruett JP, Clement DJ, Carnes DL Jr. Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. J Endod. 1997;23:77-85.
3. Li UM, Lee BS, Shih CT, et al. Cyclic fatigue of endodontic nickel titanium rotary instruments: static and dynamic tests. J Endod. 2002;28:448-451.
4. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974;18:269-296.
Disclosure: The authors hold 18 patents for co-inventing endodontic products for Essential Dental Sys-tems, a company they co-founded.


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All you need are five simple ingredients and a grill to get each of these easy fish recipes on the table.
Smoked Salmon with Mustard and DillRich, meaty salmon fillets are seasoned with a paste that offers more flavor than a marinade.
Grilled Teriyaki Shrimp KebabsArrange shrimp, pineapple cubes and onion wedges on skewers and brush with teriyaki sauce for an island-style shrimp dinner.
Halibut Kebabs with Grilled Bread and PancettaSeason crusty Italian bread and pieces of halibut with fresh rosemary, then weave onto skewers along with pancetta. If halibut isn't available, you can use cod, turbot, haddock, or striped bass.
Grilled Salmon with Yogurt-Mint SauceMake an easy yogurt sauce to dress up grilled salmon or to use on any grilled fish or lamb.
Fish KebabsAll you need to add flavor to grilled fresh fish are lemons, olive oil, a fresh herb, salt and pepper. Make this your go-to recipe for grilling any type of firm-fleshed fish.
Maple Grilled SalmonThe sweet-sour marinade is cooked down to a syrupy glaze that's brushed on the fish as it cooks.
Sun-Dried Tomato Spiced ShrimpCombine curry paste, sun-dried tomatoes, and lemon juice for an intensely flavorful marinade for fresh shrimp.

subset: commoncrawl


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4 Common Types of Essential Oils
Categories: Blog
Essential oils are differentiated or grouped by their extraction methods. Nowadays different methods are used in extraction, but the most common and prevalent methods are: Steam Distillation, Cold Pressing and Solvent Extraction. Based on these methods, essential oils can be classified into four different types: 1.Steam-distilled, 2. Expressed, 3. Solvent-extracted and 4. Absolutes or concretes.
Click essential-oil.com to read the full article.


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Benton Harbor, MI, USA < change city >
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Phenominal! I'd highly recommend having a rehearsal dinner here. The staff was ea...
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Shadowland Pavilion...wonderful outdoor facility on Silver Beach. Contact The Be...
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Father Bill and Juanita were very easy to work with and they both really made my ...
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Only place downtown St. Joe that you can choose caterer and drink vendor, it real...
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Great place to kill an afternoon. We were there in the fall while on a trip out t...
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Rules can be a bit frustrating at times, but in general, I had no issues. The pa...
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My church.... what can I say? Loved getting married in my home.
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The Presidential Suite worked wonderfully for the bridesmaids and the bride to ge...


text: Tomato bushy stunt virus (ATCC® PV-90™) Classification: Tombusvirus / Product Format: freeze-dried General Information Characteristics History Documentation Print Email Share Share this product Facebook Twitter Google+ Permits and Restrictions View Permits Classification Tombusvirus Deposited As tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus Agent Tomato bushy stunt virus Strain BSV-3 Common Name Tomato bushy stunt virus Applications Plant research Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country. Isolation Lycopersicon esculentum, Ireland Product Format freeze-dried Comments Datura stramonium Name of Depositor CA Knight Chain of Custody ATCC <<--CA Knight<<--K.M. Smith References Dubos R, Miller BF. The production of bacterial enzymes capable of decomposing creatinine. J. Biol. Chem. 121: 429-445, 1937. . . Ann. Appl. Biol. 22: 731, 1935. . . Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 19: 251, 1938. . . J. Biol. Chem. 214: 559, 1955. Michelin-Lausarot P, et al. The protein of some strains of tomato bushy stunt virus. Virology 41: 160-165, 1970. PubMed: 5444274 Weber K, et al. Structure of tomato bushy stunt virus. Virology 41: 763-765, 1970. PubMed: 5474463 Harrison SC, et al. Structural studies of spherical viruses. J. Supramol. Struct. 2: 486-495, 1974. PubMed: 4437182 Permits These permits may be required for shipping this product: USDA APHIS PPQ Permit 526, plant pathogens permit must be obtained and a copy of the permit must be sent to ATCC in advance of shipment. Isolation information for this item is required by USDA. Please check our website or contact Technical Service for assistance. Domestic isolates are easier to obtain than foreign isolates. Customers located in the state of Hawaii will need to contact the Hawaii Department of Agriculture to determine if an Import Permit is required. A copy of the permit or documentation that a permit is not required must be sent to ATCC in advance of shipment. Basic Documentation Product Sheet Certificate of Analysis SDS


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Six reasons why crawling is important
Muscle development and crawling.
Reason one
As your baby starts to crawl they're developing motor skills, balance, muscle tone and hand-eye coordination, all essential when it comes to learning to stand, walk, play, kick a ball, read and write.
Reason two
While a crawling bub often prefers to go through things, rather than around, babies soon start to learn about spatial concepts, such as under and over.
Reason three
Your baby's visual skills will develop in leaps and bounds on discovering that their favourite rattle can be near or far away, learning to switch their vision between the distance and the foreground.
Reason four
Left and right brain coordination is boosted by crawling, as the brain is required to process hearing, sight and movement all at the same time.
Reason five
A crawling baby is building self-confidence and making some of their first decisions. For example, a more experienced crawler will learn when to slow down, navigate a step or investigate obstacles in their way.
Reason six
When a baby starts pulling up, often holding on to furniture, the normal curve in the spine is developed, along with strengthening their lower back and leg muscles.
This article was written by Joanna Bounds for Kidspot, New Zealand's best resource for pregnancy and parenting. Sources include Vic Government's Better Health Channel and Kidspot.co.nz.
Read more articles about crawling
- How to create a safe crawling environment
- Helping your baby to crawl
- Six reasons why crawling is important
- What's your baby's crawling style?
- When will crawling start?


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1) US Constitution - Look specifically for wording to indicate applicability of particular sections or statements to States (Article 1, Section 8, for example, specifically addresses the US legislature concerning duties/powers, whereas Article 1, Section 4 specifically addresses the States concerning voting for representatives and senators).
2) Dred Scott v. Sanford, where "privileges and immunities" mentioned in the 14th Amendment are explained in detail by Chief Justice Taney.
3) Presser v. Illinois, where Justice Woods describes the applicability of the Second Amendment to the States and to the US legislature.
Those are off the top of my head; I'll have to do some refresher work before adding any more. Quite frankly, I think it would be equally prudent to find case examples that suppose the US Constitution's Bill of Rights applies to the States (I can't recall any at the moment).


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Second quake hits southern CA; this time a 4.0 in Rancho Palos Verdes
A magnitude-4.0 earthquake rattled portions of the South Bay today.
The quake, which was originally reported with a magnitude of 3.9 but was quickly upgraded, struck at 1 p.m. six miles south of Rancho Palos Verdes and seven miles southwest of San Pedro, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
Los Angeles police Sgt. Gerry Davlia said there haven't been any reports of damage or injuries in the San Pedro area, several miles away from the epicenter.
It was the latest in a series of temblors that have hit the Southland in recent weeks. Three quakes have struck in the Marina del Rey area -- a magnitude-3.0 on Thursday afternoon, a magnitude-2.8 around 8 p.m. April 28 and a magnitude-3.2 quake around 8 p.m. April 26.
This is also the second quake to hit southern California today. A magnitude-3.1 quake hit just outside of Cabazon at 9:20 this morning.


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What causes 1/2 of 220 to fail intermittently?
Hi all; first post here. A friend has a real head-scratcher. The old house had a new 100 amp panel properly installed a few years ago, all was well. Lately, the power to 1/2 the 110 circuits will all go dead at random (usually at night when its cold) The circuits affected are all on one side of the 220 main. We called the power co, they came out and checked their side of the service, said it was OK. We called an electrician out, he checked out everything from the meter to the panel and said it was OK. Here's the kicker: when the these 110 circuits go dead (living room, dining room, bedroom outlets, bathroom power and light) the tenants report that if they turn on the clothes dryer (220) the power to all the affected circuits comes back on!!! Anybody have any ideas what could be causing this? Could the main breaker have a bad contact? No breakers have ever tripped. Thanks for your help.
Turning on the dryer will cause a backfeed through the element thus making it appear that the non-working circuits are restored. Don't let that fool you. They dryer is not heating, and those "restored" circuits are not operating at full capacity.
You have a supply problem, which is probably outside, considering that it fails when its extremely cold. I'd call the POCO again, and have them check their connections from the meter back to the transformer. Call `em while the affected circuits are acting up.
A couple of things to try while it's acting up:
1) Beat on the meter with the palm of your hand -- a loose connection in the meter socket may be restored momentarily by doing this.
2) Switch off the main breaker, and then back on again. Loose internal guts of the main might be a culprit.
One more thing to look for: When the power is ½ out, look at the meter. Is it turning or not? A stopped meter indicates the problem is before it.
Main electrical connections are in a world of their own. They need to be "torqued" with a torque wrench to a certain "tightness" per the label on the breaker panel, meter box, etc.
Be *sure* they retorque all your main electrical connections.
BTW - This is done with a "torque wrench" like would be used for automotive work.
And NOT a DIY thing to do. Power is ALWAYS live at main panels even with the main breaker off! (This note is for other people reading this, I know you are calling the electric company/electrician.)
Thanks. I agree, it seems to be a supply side thing. There's one transformer for the street, none of the other neighbors have reported problems. Will advise tennants to call POCO next time it winks out. Murphy's law is against us: "Any intermittent problem will cease to malfunction in the presence of a repairman".
We have already tried banging the meter, and re-setting all the breakers including the main, no help. It is frustrating, the POCO says their end is OK, the electrician says everything from the meter is OK, yet the 110 circuits wink out about every night. Somebody is missing something, and I sure don't want to mess with any mains. I may be dumb, but I'm not stupid. :)
check out this thread:
if the electrician did not pull the meter, it could be similar to the situation I described in that thread that I had experienced.
Something like that is one of the things kb would have you whacking on the meter for.
If you take the cover off of the main panel, can you see the big lugs that hold the fat service entrance wires to the main breaker?
You need to have someone very experienced with working with electricity meaure the voltage from these lugs to neutral.
This test will distinguish between a problem upstream of the panel (such as in the cables coming from the utility pole) and a problem in your panel (such as the main breaker having a loose connection to the bus bars underneath it).
Thanks AlanJ. I appreciate your reply. What drives me crazy is this is an intermittent problem. I used my VOM and checked the voltage to the main breaker and both sides were good to ground and hot. At that time all circuits in the house were up and running. The problem seems to happen overnight. I really wished I could be there to test when it winks out, but I have no such luxury. (I wish). The panel looks clean, I checked all lugs they are tight. So it's either a bad contact on 1/2 half of the main breaker (how often does that happen?) or the POCO has a bad connnector splice on the mains on the pole, or a bad meter? note: P.S. We have had snow, downed lines, popped transformers, power surges, Also, I killed the main breaker and checked the bus connections they are good.
Thanks to all for your replies.
if he has an overhead electrical service check to make sure its not rubbing on a tree branch between pole and house,many times if wind blows just right branches will rub through or pull on wires. :)
Again, a simple thing to do is look at the meter when this is acting up. If it grinds to a complete halt, the problem in on the supply (POCO) end.
If this is the case, one way to get `em to fix it fast is to tell them that ½ the power is out, and the meter has stopped completely, while other lights are still working.
The potential loss of revenue is usually enough to get them off their duffs and fix it fast! :whistling2:
I didn't know the meter stopped if one of the hot lines went bad. This would be no different than a properly functioning system where nobody was using electricity on one of the two legs.
Turn on a heavy current 240 volt appliance (such as the stove or the clothes dryer), wait a few minutes, and then feel the main breaker (from the outside). Unusual warmth would indicate a loose connection in or under it.
No trees between pole and house. Less than 100' overhead feed. Good point, many thanks.
This method is reserved for persons who are both very creative and very well versed in the handling of electricity.
A little gizmo* (you make it as opposed to buy it) connected between the fat service wire above the main breaker and the hot terminal of any breaker down below on the leg in question will strongly suggest whether your main breaker is at fault. Leave it there for a few nights.
* A one-half amp fuse (the little cylindrical kind about an inch long and 1/4 inch in diameter) in series with a 10 ohm 10 watt resistor. If the fuse blows that meant that the main breaker has failed and then enough current bypassed it through the gizmo to blow the little fuse. Requires around 1000 watts of total power usage on the leg in question. The resistor makes the gizmo not the path of least resistance and therefore not share the load and blow its fuse when the main breaker has not failed.
Thanks AlanJ!
I was wondering how to test this, your idea would work well. I was thinking if I had 2 hobbs hour meters I could put one on each leg, but I don't have them. I stopped by the house today and counted 5 pairs of splices along the 60' service drop (not counting the service tap) so it's really looking like a POCO issue. I hope they will run a new drop. I hope they don't just get out, measure the meter juice, say everythings OK and take off like they did the first time. Wish me luck! Thanks to all.
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I just starting playing fiesta. I am playing the free game and was wondering if there are things I can not do because I am playing for free.
The actions I have problems with right now are selling items to shops, and applying skill points to skills (although) I dont think I have any skills yet, as it seems i have to buy them.
My last question is the only way to earn gold to buy it? or can you get it by playing the game (i.e. killing monsters doing quest and what not)? Thanks for your help.


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Stankov Universal Law.. (breaking i guess)
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April's Last Message Prior To Ascension
by GEORGI STANKOV posted on DECEMBER 11, 2012
April Bender, December 11, 2012
[link to www.stankovuniversallaw.com]
Dear Georgi,
How wonderful to hear from you! How are you my friend? I've been closely following all the PAT articles and messages shared and can't tell you how grateful I am to you and the PAT for keeping spirits up and information flowing. I was overjoyed to see the new message from Dorie this morning! So very true, on so many levels and I know it took a great deal of courage to share what she's been so intimately going through lately.
Thank you also for your kind explanation of the "radio silence" between us these last few weeks, as I can attest to the fact that I very much did need some time on my own, to examine and integrate things on a very personal level. I never left or unplugged from the group, but simply moved myself quietly to the back of the room, if that makes sense.
I experienced much of the same personal upheaval as Dorie described over this last month along with the monumental task of processing/clearing of dross and the anchoring of energies for the masses. While the actual dramas experienced by Dorie and I may have differed, the result was the same. We were forced into the stillness of the "Now" moment, forced once again to surrender and let go (let go of the past, the future, identities, notions, and even at times, the mission in order for it all to be reintegrated at an even deeper level), and at first, I went kicking and screaming into this process.
Let's just say that the eclipse/reset on November 13 had far reaching consequences that I never would have predicted. This reset included me tossing everything up into the air and just watching to see where it all fell, as it felt like so many things were being stripped away from me or were showing themselves to be something other than what I expected and/or believed. Lots of disappointment, resentment, and humility to process eventually giving way to a stronger reaffirmation of faith, commitment, service, and a much deeper clarity and integration of body, mind and spirit. In a way, that eclipse created a proverbial shuffling of the "April deck," and it took a bit for me to collect and reorder the cards again. Literally I feel like I've processed 2 years worth of experience in a matter of weeks.
I guess I knew the masses would experience this, but erroneously thought myself somewhat excluded, having cleared so much personally already over the years. There's nothing like a good bitch-slap from Universe to remind us of when we're becoming too attached again, giving our power away, or simply need to realign/reintegrate in order to let go of something or see a situation with more clarity.
Whereas in mid-November I felt all the energetics/dramas whipping and whirling about me and was having difficulty staying in my center with the howling wind at my back so to speak. Now I find that I can still sense the energy whipping and whirling around me, but my center now stands FIRM, CALM, in my full I AM presence. There is no fear, no rush of expectancy, no worry, no second guessing anymore. I simply AM, with no other definitions or affiliations, and that is all I ever needed to be in the first place.
I have been stripped uncomfortably bare, and within this nakedness and vulnerability has emerged a STRENGTH, a FAITH, a CLARITY OF PURPOSE, that is so powerful, so foundational to our very cores, that I now "see" as I have never seen before. I KNOW as I have never known before. And I BELIEVE with the complete faith of a child again standing in awe of its CREATOR. It IS happening, and it is all happening RIGHT NOW.
Another advantage to this new perspective is being able to see so clearly now, how we the PAT, have contributed so much, given so much of ourselves for this most crucial of missions, and how we have truly made the difference. Through it all, we did exactly what we came here to do (and then some), and we are so very loved and cherished for having seen it through. And now it's time for the reward of all our toils and sacrifices. I speak of not only the reward of our personal ascension, but also the reward of watching the masses ascend into this new beautiful world of freedom, love, and unity. We FREAKING did it!
Tomorrow is THE day for us. HS has been telling me this firmly for two weeks now. What that means, we shall see, but so many of the channelings you've been sharing on the site lately confirm the same information/visuals that I too have been receiving in bits and pieces. Mainly that tomorrow is for us, and portal energies intensify until 12:21, which should trigger the masses and final planetary/dimensional seals/alignments/timelines.
I wish that I could have addressed this entire note through conversation with my HS as Dorie did, as she so eloquently captured what she's been struggling with, but time constraints did not allow me to update you in this fashion and I wanted to be sure to get back to you before tomorrow.
I did also quickly want to confirm being knocked down by some pretty heavy cc:waves last Thursday and Friday, but something shifted or released for me over the weekend. I checked in with HS and HS did confirm that the portal opening has already begun, similar to the early opening of the 11:11. Are you getting the same information?
Thanks again so much for writing to me today Georgi, and know that I stand firmly with you all in love and light.
To my fellow PATsters – Grab your bags and let's go HOME!!! It's time to blow this pop-stand!
Much love and light,
Dear April,
this is a very powerful letter/message and I congratulate you for your ability to still be able to write in such a way notwithstanding your exhaustion. You must have gone through hell in the last several weeks and I did sense this difficult state in which you were and that is why I did not want to interfere. As I said to Dorie, my HS held me back each time I had the impulse to write you an email. Besides I was also knocked down most of the time and was physically barely surviving. There must have been purpose in all this culmination of our sufferings and I can only hope that they are now coming to an end.
Yes I can confirm that the portal was opened on December 8-9, as usually several days in advance when we are worst hit. Today is a better day and full of calm anticipation what will happen tomorrow. I have also let go of all my expectations, except one – I expect to be surprised beyond my earthly expectations and thus cherish the void in my future perspective deliberately.
Indeed everything points to our ascension at this portal, as it does not make any sense to wait till 12.21. We are either in the End Times or we must cancel the whole ascension scenario. However everything speaks that we will have ascension and it can only happen with us ascending first and heaving Gaia. Our obligations towards the awakening or sleeping masses are finished and we have only the responsibility to bring mother earth to the 5th dimension. My dreams also point to this outcome. Therefore we must now wait patiently what will happen tomorrow and have full faith in Heaven /Source that this time everything will be perfect, at least for us – the PAT.
I do no even need to send any words of moral support to you as we have already done it and there is nothing we can do anymore, but just wait and enjoy our last minutes on this rapidly changing planet.
With love and light
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Expansion of Human Consciousness at 12.12.12
by GEORGI STANKOV posted on DECEMBER 11, 2012
[link to www.stankovuniversallaw.com]
It took more than a year of rampant channeling of all kinds of promiscuous excarnated sources for our dear friend Ute to finally realize the truth about ascension and the pivotal role of the PAT in this cosmic endeavour. If Ute finally got it, then this is the most convincing fact that we are definitely on the cusp of a massive expansion of human consciousness, as also confirmed unanimously by all other sources.
This expansion of human awareness will be triggered by the detonation of the PAT Supernova when the stargate 12.12.12 will be opened tomorrow at 12.12 local time. In this sense, if Ute finally got it, there is a real chance for many members of humanity that they will also get it and make their final choice in favour of ascension.
By then, we will be already in the 10th dimension and beyond, and our responsibility for these slumbering human masses will have come to an end. "Gott sei Dank!" (Thanks to God). Thank you, Ute for being the litmus test for the slumbering humanity. You have done us a great favour by indirectly proving the date of our ascension. Your latest message is the long awaited acknowledgement of the real achievements of the PAT that remained unnoticed so far by all blind, introvert, narcissistic light workers:
"This last year has been the most difficult for you, the most isolated, the most transforming, as you and members of the PAT stood within the storm and were the catalyzing influence that created an avenue to that very bridge. And now through many different channeling sources your work is being acknowledged. The acknowledgement was needed from other sources so that you could be validated as to the importance of what you had accomplished.
You had become bone weary from all the work you had done, and still are continuing to do on many levels, as the timeline of Planet B plunges further into the abyss of illusion. As the emotional upheaval came to the surface from this tearing of dimensions, it was necessary for others to step up to the plate and acknowledge your hard work and efforts so that your cleansing work could continue, while at the same time giving you the loving support from the Higher Realms that was needed."
Message from Dorie's HS, December 11, 2012
PACHAMAMA about the Ascension Process:
by Ute Posegga-Rudel, December 11, 2012
[link to radiantlyhappy.blogspot.com.au]
She began to talk to me, while I was contacting my guides to receive directions for the coming and most awaited December events. I know that she is already a long time with me, but never came forward and I felt she had the knowledge of a Mayan Elder. So she said, she is PachaMama*, and that she is indeed one of my guides.
She appeared to me as an old wise woman in the traditional dress of the Maya, full of Grace and Serenity, with a lot of wrinkles in Her face, all from massive smiling.
I had past lifetimes in the Maya and Inca cultures, remember in particular the Andes, and I feel in this life time especially connected to the Maya, since I received 2 years ago during two nights a huge download of ascension codes from them. I could literally see their shape and color and the beautiful ancient tribe who did the transmission. This download connected me in a new way directly to the Gaia Consciousness and it was also the time, where I started with my digital art. Art creations were not new to me, but doing it digitally absolutely was.
PachaMama said, that 12.12 12 was the period when those who are prepared for it, because they have chosen this service long time ago and before birth, experience the actual download of the codes which are necessary for the formation and creation of the new crystalline body.
There are also those (from the PAT) who received this download earlier, because their unity consciousness was already to the one or other degree developed. They needed their bodies to keep pace with this process and so the activation process has been done for them already subsequently.
In general it can be said, that for them the 12.12.12 brings an enormous deepening of Unity Consciousness and Energy, which would lead them into the depth of mindlessness, the origin of creation (the PAT returning to the Source).
21.12.12 then is the day when the downloaded codes from 12.12 will be activated by the Sun Who is being reborn on that day. From that day the Sun is permitted to transmit directly the unity consciousness of the Galactic Center to our world.
So there are two main processes: the quantum leap in consciousness and the quantum leap of the transformation of the body (Good Morning Ute). In earlier ascension processes there was only transformation of consciousness, but this time the body transforms too, because we ascend with it, and it must therefore be able to fully hold the new Consciousness.
Both processes are initiated on December 12 and 21, whereby the emphasis on the body is in general on the 12th and the emphasis on consciousness in general on the 21th (but only for Ute and the masses).
Compared with the more than 7 Billion human beings, the number of those who receive the download for the transformation of the body, is relatively small, and so is the number of those who receive the initiation into unity consciousness (correct, Ute! – this is what we have been discussing for months).
However, there are those (from the PAT), as mentioned before, who have already received the download of the body codes earlier. And this initiatory process functions as an important accelerator for everybody else.Also people who are ready to ascend already now via the new energy vortexes, are accelerating the process for others greatly. However this is a very small number (first ascension wave as discussed by the PAT since we opened the stargate 11.11.11.). They fully disappear from our sight, because we can see them no longer when they go to the next dimension which vibrates on a higher rate than our dimension. So they do not really disappear but you are just not able to see them (dear Ute, repetitio est mater studiorum).
There are also people who would be capable to ascend by crossing over into higher dimensions, but they have agreed to stay for the sake of the evolutionary process of the rest of humanity (mainly crystalline children who come from higher dimensions beyond the 5th, but will stay after ascension on the new earth A in the 5th dimension to educate the masses. for instance the young, highly evolved crystalline members of the PAT, whom you all know and value from their contributions on our website). So they stay to provide service.People new in this process must know that the body process is not always easy and can be at times quite painful because of the profound changes of the energetic and biochemical process (Indeed, Ute this is what I have tried to educate you in vain in the course of this last year, see also Update on The Energies of the LBP;
[link to www.stankovuniversallaw.com]
General education about expected experiences will be necessary, so that people do not worry what's going on with their bodies. This is a brand new adventure and there do not exist any previous experiences from anywhere else, that could have been made the transformation process easier.
But as always, because there are already a number of forerunners (the members of the PAT), it will be always less difficult for those who follow.This is really an experiment, where both processes, that of consciousness and that of the body, must be well matched to each other, as much as possible. But this is not always achievable, and it always remains an individual process, depending on the body karma of each person.While the overall process is relatively slow in the beginning, it will rapidly speed up, as soon as a certain percentage of humanity is actively involved in this evolutionary process. This is due to the morphic field, so that at the end of approximately 3-4 years (which is only a presumption, remember, this is an never before done experiment) humanity as a whole has reached a new level of unity consciousness in a new body, able to express this unity consciousness fully.
However, please understand, that this description is made from a three-dimensional point of view, so that people in general have an idea about the process. But with the dimensional shift where time becomes an illusion, questions that exist now will no longer exist, because if you live in timeless unity consciousness, the issues regarding the transformation of the body will appear in a completely new light!
Insofar the whole process can neither be really described nor yet understood! Prepare for a shift in your perception that might be for most unimaginable right now.
I asked her about my visit to Nova Terra and if She or one of the other Creations of New Earth would be the Place where humanity would be going.
PachaMama said, we should not forget, that with the coming of the Unity Consciousness through the birth of the New Sun, all timelines would be collapsing into one, and so all these creations would become One Single New Earth. However we cannot imagine how this works with our three-dimensional, logical mind. Once in Unity Consciousness the solutions would occur in a surprisingly simple and obvious way. So we should not worry and accept, that we can only truly understand these things from the point of view of our developing multi-dimensionality.
This is what PachaMama explained to me (After Georgi Stankov tried to explain this same matter to me during this last year, but I failed to grasp it as I was so much entrapped in my weird esoteric knowledge, that this kind of spiritual arrogance prevented me from acquiring this knowledge.).
With much love,
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"We are the music makers. And we are the dreamers of dreams." Willy Wonka
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Last two posts were quite interesting..Quoting: betranysgf
Anybody else heard of this site?
Yes... How can I be blunt about this....
This guy is an 'ascension-tard' who has been incorrectly predicting his imminent ascension for the last 2 years. He considers himself the first ascended-master of Earth or the 'Key Master' as he has referred to it. He goes off on egotistical tirades against other channeled sources and their communities of followers while stringing along his own band of followers which he refers to as the PAT (Planetary Ascension Team). Every day is a different excuse and every day brings a new failed prediction of what will happen the next.
Long story short: I would view his site for entertainment purposes only and not as any legitamate source or predictor of 'truth'. This guy has been stringing people along for a long time if you look at his archive of blog posts. He's suffering from a case of messiah-complex.
Last Edited by WOLF* on 12/13/2012 05:16 AM
The Golden Rule
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Quoting: ANHEDONIC
Last two posts were quite interesting..Quoting: betranysgf
Anybody else heard of this site?
Yes... How can I be blunt about this....
This guy is an 'ascension-tard' who has been incorrectly predicting his imminent ascension for the last 2 years. He considers himself the first ascended-master of Earth or the 'Key Master' as he has referred to it. He goes off on egotistical tirades against other channeled sources and their communities of followers while stringing along his own band of followers which he refers to as the PAT (Planetary Ascension Team). Every day is a different excuse and every day brings a new failed prediction of what will happen the next.
Long story short: I would view his site for entertainment purposes only and not as any legitamate source or predictor of 'truth'. This guy has been stringing people along for a long time if you look at his archive of blog posts. He's suffering from a case of messiah-complex.
true. on the other hand the science books he produced in the 90's are legit and dogma-free.
unfortunately in the last year he fell to the messiah complex
i found his website last september and at that time found some really interesting info.
but from 11.11.11. he and his team are desperately waiting for ascension, only to be noticed every week by their 'higher-selves' about unplanned postponements.
imo a pretty educative story about how one can lose track in these interesting times
|Anonymous Coward (OP)
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|Stankov's universal law - ascension, comet ison and elohim
|Related Topics: Breaking News (Mainstream Media) - Space (Science) - Astronomy (Science)


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By Vince Font
The winter season is a great time to find deals on family vacations. Why not take a break from the snow shoveling and icy breezes to take your family to one of the most temperate cities on Earth: San Diego? It's not impossible to find cheap San Diego hotels that venture into upscale territory while keeping the whole family happy.
1. Bahia Resort Hotel
For typically less than $100 per night (a price that rivals that of most dirt cheap hotels in San Diego), your stay at this beautiful and secluded resort will put you right on the shore of Mission Bay. If you're planning more than an overnight stay, you'll find the kitchenette and complimentary cookware a bonus. Sea World and the San Diego Zoo are both nearby, both great ways to spend the day if you're traveling with family—or even if you're not.
2. Embassy Suites San Diego Bay (Downtown)
With a location as great as this, the fact that you can walk to just about every worthwhile attraction in downtown San Diego makes the extra few dollars you'll spend per night here worth it. Even sections of the city that aren't within quick walking distance, like the Old Town district, can be accessed by car or short cab ride.
3. Hotel del Coronado
This charming, world famous hotel will scare away any winter blues you may be harboring. Renowned as one of America's most beautiful hotels, the Hotel del Coronado offers plenty of reasons to make it your next family vacation destination. Let your kids check out the special events just for them while you take advantage of the on-site spa and salon.
Look for discounts on San Diego vacation packages. Book your flight, hotel and car together, and you'll see even greater vacation savings.
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Vince Font is a freelance writer born in Puerto Rico and currently escaped to Utah. When not dreaming of interstellar travel, he's on the hunt for weird, wacky, and off-the-beaten-track vacation destinations. Next stop: The Lizzie Borden Bed and Breakfast.
Tagged: Beach, California


text:
Bob Long
|This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|No. 80, 86
|Wide receiver
|Personal information
|Date of birth:
|June 16, 1942
|Place of birth:
|McKeesport, Pennsylvania
|6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
|205 lb (93 kg)
|Career information
|High school:
|Washington Twp.
|Wichita State
|NFL Draft:
|1964 / Round: 4 / Pick: 44
|AFL draft:
|1964 / Round: 10 / Pick: 74
|Career history
|Career highlights and awards
|Career NFL statistics
|Player stats at PFR
Robert Andrew "Bob" Long (born June 16, 1942) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League who played in the 1960s and 1970s[1] and earned two Super Bowl rings. He attended suburban Pittsburgh's Washington Township High School (near Apollo), and Wichita State University. His seven-year pro-career was spent with both the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins. He was an instrumental part of Vince Lombardi's wins at Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II. Long was inducted into the State of Kansas Hall of Fame in 1965 and the Wichita State Hall of Fame in 1972. Recently, in 2008 he was added to the Western Chapter of Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame.
After being a Third Team All American at Wichita State University, Bob was drafted in the fourth round by the Green Bay Packers in 1964. He played on the Green Bay teams that won the NFL Championship in 1965, and won the first two Super Bowls in 1966 and 1967. That Packers team is the only team in NFL history to win three championships in a row.
After joining the Atlanta Falcons in 1968, Long reunited with Lombardi in 1969 with the Washington Redskins. He spent his final season with the Los Angeles Rams in 1970.
Long was the only active player ever to play for both the Green Bay Packers and Washington Redskins under Vince Lombardi and is part of the "Lombardi Legends."
He has been very active in charity events in the state of Wisconsin. He served as President of NFLPA Retirees for Wisconsin. He has raised over $1,500,000 for various charities with the Long Journey to the Super Bowl Raffle. He works tirelessly for the Ray Nitschke Foundation, Special Olympics, Task Force Against Family violence and Alzheimers. He also brought the first Pizza Hut to northern Wisconsin from 1968–1979.
- ^ "Bob Long". pre-football-reference.com. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
|This biographical article relating to an American football wide receiver born in the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Answers Home
» Behavior & Training
» Aggression
My 3 year old cat Oreo is constantly chasing and attacking my 7 year old cat Baggie, how do I get him to stop?
My cat Oreo is about 3, I raised him with a bottle when he was a kitten and he is a sweetheart at times but his mood suddenly changes and he attacks my 7 year old cat Baggie. Oreo chases him all day and won't leave him alone. Then when I yell at him no, he gets mad, swings at me(never actually hits me) and starts chasing him more. I try to keep Baggie away from Oreo, but I live in a small one bedroom apartment and it's hard to keep them apart. I consider Oreo as, silly as it sounds, my child. I baby him a lot. Is he showing signs of being spoiled? He definitely is being a brat. Or is it something else? I've thought about putting him in a catcarrier when he attacks Baggie, but I don't think it will help. My mom wants to get rid of him, but like I said before, he's my baby and I don't want to see him leave my house. We've considered getting Oreo some kitty Prozac, or get him declawed. Please help! I just want him to be a calm cat.
Asked by
Member 1000304
on Aug 12th 2010
in Aggression
- Cast your vote for which answer you think is best!
Getting him declawed will not calm him down. If anything, it will make it worse. Declawed cats know there's something missing and will act out and use their teeth instead. Put some pennies in a soda can, tape the top shut and when Oreo begins to act out, say "NO!" and shake the can at him. Kitty Prozac might work, but it needs to be used in conjunction with behavior modification. Don't coddle and spoil Oreo as much as you want to. It just feeds his belief that he's the boss in your family. You may even need to reintroduce the two cats--separate them, then let them into each other's rooms. He does sound like he is getting much too overstimulated. When the behavior starts, he may need a time-out in his own room for a while.
Izadore (Izzie) answered on 8/12/10. Helpful? / 0
I've been telling everyone about this-it's called a Calming Collar. A Catster mom makes them and I got one and it has been amazing. Indy and Kitty P have been on kitty prozac and it helped some, but daily he still did what Oreo is doing. I got this calming collar on recommendation because Hazel Lucy was trying one and it has helped!!! it's www.calmingcollars.com and if you use hazellucy in the promo section you get a discount. I would try this if you can. good luck!
Indiana Angel Cat answered on 8/12/10. Helpful? / 0
How does Baggie act when Oreo attacks/chases him? Frightened? Annoyed? Angry? I'd have to see them myself to make a judgment, but they could just be playing--with Oreo enjoying it more than Baggie. I have 13 cats at present, and two of them pick on some of the others. As long as blood isn't drawn, I don't worry too much. As I said, I'd have to see your cats interacting with my own eyes to be sure, but it doesn't sound like such a big problem that Oreo should be rehomed or put on a powerful psych med (antidepressants are not without side effects). And I agree with Izzie that declawing causes more problems than it solves. I hope you won't have to give up your baby!
Harvey answered on 8/12/10. Helpful? / 0


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XML data is known as self-describing or self-defining, meaning that the structure of the data is embedded with the data, thus when the data arrives there is no need to pre-build the structure to store the data; it is dynamically understood within the XML. The XML format can be used by any individual or group of individuals or companies that want to share information in a consistent way. XML is actually a simpler and easier-to-use subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), which is the standard to create a document structure.
The basic building block of an XML document is an element, defined by tags. An element has a beginning and an ending tag. All elements in an XML document are contained in an outermost element known as the root element. XML can also support nested elements, or elements within elements. This ability allows XML to support hierarchical structures. Element names describe the content of the element, and the structure describes the relationship between the elements.
An XML document is considered to be "well formed" (that is, able to be read and understood by an XML parser) if its format complies with the XML specification, if it is properly marked up, and if elements are properly nested. XML also supports the ability to define attributes for elements and describe characteristics of the elements in the beginning tag of an element.
For example, XML documents can be very simple, such as the following:
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<greeting>Hello, world!</greeting>
<response>Stop the planet, I want to get off!</response>
Applications for XML are endless. For example, computer makers might agree upon a standard or common way to describe the information about a computer product (processor speed, memory size, and so forth) and then describe the product information format with XML code. Such a standard way of describing data would enable a user to send an intelligent agent (a program) to each computer maker's Web site, gather data, and then make a valid comparison.
XML's benefits sometimes appeared revolutionary in scope shortly after it was introduced. However, as a concept, it fell short of being revolutionary. It also fell short of being the panacea. The over-application of XML in so many areas of technology diminished its real value, and results in a great deal of unnecessary confusion. Perhaps most damaging is the predictable behavior of many vendors that look to recast XML using their own set of proprietary extensions. Although some want to add value to XML, others seek only to lock in users to their products.
XML's power resides in its simplicity. It can take large chunks of information and consolidate them into an XML document ‑ meaningful pieces that provide structure and organization to the information.
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New Orleans
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Beignets, Po' Boys, gumbo, jambalaya, Antoine's. New Orleans' celebrated status derives in large measure from its incredibly rich food culture, based mainly on Creole and Cajun traditions. At last, this world-class destination has its own food biography. Elizabeth M. Williams, a New Orleans native and founder of the Southern Food and Beverage Museum there, takes readers through the history of the city, showing how the natural environment and people have shaped the cooking we all love. The narrative starts with the indigenous population, resources and environment, then reveals the contributions of the immigrant populations, major industries, marketing networks, and retail and major food industries and finally discusses famous restaurants and signature dishes. This must-have book will inform and delight food aficionados and fans of the Big Easy itself.
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Elizabeth M. Williams
is founder and president of the Southern Food and Beverage
Museum in New Orleans, which celebrates the food of the American South, with exhibits, a
library, archives, collections, and programming. SoFab is one of
"5 Great Museums Devoted to Food" (5/2011). Williams is also consulting professor at the Kabacoff School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism, University of New Orleans. Her roles there include teaching, writing, and researching issues in hospitality law, culinary history, and culture and nonprofit administration. She has contributed a number of articles on aspects of Southern food
to journals. Williams has a law degree and co-authored
The A to Z Encyclopedia of Food Controversies and the Law
Series Foreword, by Ken Albala
1. Introduction: A Real Cuisine
2. The Material Resources
3. The First Inhabitants and Their Foodways
4. The Old World in the New
5. Immigrants: Their Neighborhoods and Contributions
6. Markets, Retailing, and "Making Groceries"
7. Restaurants
8. Drinking in New Orleans
9. Cooking at Home and Cookbooks
10. Signature Foods and Dishes
About the Author
Only in New Orleans would our food be considered just as important as any person and worthy of its own biography! So, whether you're a native New Orleanian or simply a fan of our cooking, just reading
New Orleans: A Food Biography
is sure to satisfy your craving. This book digs into the rich, centuries-old history of the many ethnic and geographic influences that have gone into making our cuisine so uniquely New Orleans.
Dickie Brennan, New Orleans chef/restaurateur
Liz Williams loads us into her time capsule for a journey to the mecca of New World cuisine. Through
New Orleans: A Food Biography
we experience the richness of the original fusion cuisine. New Orleans brought together every Western food tradition, and the Amerindian traditions, and over the centuries the glory that is New Orlean's cuisine evolved. Like to eat? Read this now.
Dale DeGroff, master mixologist and author of The Craft of the Cocktail
Williams's authoritative
New Orleans: A Food Biography
explains why New Orleans fare is what it is. Williams takes a comprehensive approach, detailing the many forces and establishments—from the Mississippi River, with its bounty of ship and freshwater fish, to the local grocery chain Schwegmann's—that have shaped the way the city eats and cooks.
New Orleans: A Food Biography is the first in a projected series, "Big City Food Biographies," from AltaMira Press. The aim of the series is to focus on "those metropolises celebrated as culinary destinations, with their iconic dishes, ethnic neighborhoods, markets, restaurants, and chefs" and to provide "real biographies that will satisfy readers' desire to know the full food culture of a city." New Orleans, with its unique cuisine and urban culture, is an appropriate city in which to begin such a series. Williams (founder and president, Southern Food and Beverage Museum; Univ. of New Orleans) spends the first half of the book identifying the historical events, cultural influences, raw materials, and immigrant groups that greatly contributed to the creation of New Orleans cuisine. The second half of the book details restaurants, drinking culture, home cooking, and the signature New Orleans foods. The final chapter on New Orleans foods is the book's strength, highly readable and researched. The historical background provides necessary context for the evolution of New Orleans food, and a bibliography is provided). Summing Up: Recommended. General readers and lower-division undergraduates. -- S. C. Hardesty, Georgia State University
Williams, the director of the Southern Food and Beverage Museum, a New Orleans non-profit living history organization (southernfood.org), draws upon insights from history, economics, the law, and geography to craft a compelling book-length narrative from a considerable variety of data. . . This is all done very well. . . . The description of local foods in the final chapter and the bibliography are both also very useful, and the book is notable for its attention to more contemporary developments in New Orleans restaurant culture. ...
New Orleans: A Food Biography
is a book well worth reading and using. It evidences its narrative by a range of useful information from several fields; it includes the basics on many of the key people, institutions, and foods of the area; and it presents a picture of local foodways that will be accessible and interesting to students and general readers as well as scholars. I look forward to more books in this series.
Digest: A Journal of Foodways & Culture
About Us
Mission Statement
Rights and Permissions
Author Resources
Royalty Contact
Production Guidelines
Ordering Information
National Book Network
NBN International
Special Sales
International Sales
eBook Partners
Digital Catalogs


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Come celebrate El Día de los Niños/El Día de los Libros with a children's play: "I Call Her Little Red Riding Hood = Yo La Llamo Rusita Rojas." Takoma Park Library will be hosting the play Monday, April 29 at 10 a.m.Recommended for children pre-K through 2nd grade and their caregivers.
April is National Poetry Month, and therefore a great opportunity to put pen to paper and let your creativity flow! Join the NaPoWriMo movement and write a poem each day--it's not too late to get started. Try searching the Web for writing prompts and inspiration, or let the library support you.
The Takoma Park Parent-Child Book Club is having a late meeting in April. Please join us Thursday, April 18 at 7 p.m. to discuss A Nest for Celeste by Henry Cole.
We've all written poems, whether we admit to it or not: the good, the bad, and the painfully bad.
The Takoma Park Book-To-Film Club is meeting next Tuesday, March 26 at 6 p.m.
This posting marks a new monthly series featuring one of the many wonderful databases that we subscribe to at DC Public Library. Many customers don't realize all the online information they can access - for free, from home, 24/7 - with just their library card!
It's time for Takoma Park Neighborhood Library's annual spring fling! Come join us for an egg hunt, crafts, and stories on Saturday, March 30 at 10:30 a.m. For children ages 2-12 and their families.
Please join children's librarian and early childhood educator Miss Christina for a fun, special, story time on March 27 at 10:45 a.m. For this special Lego program, "Read! Build! Play!," we will listen to animal-themed stories, sing songs, and have time to build using legos.
The DC Public Library will be open during its regular hours on Thursday, March 7.


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Are you interested in seeing the behind-the-scenes at MMBNT? You can volunteer!
We have several different volunteer opportunities available:
• Lab: Our volunteers are trained to be hands-on with our donated milk. From homogenizing and pouring raw milk to labeling and counting bottles, you can take part in the milk's journey from beginning to end!
Hours available: Monday-Thursday 7 AM- 3 PM; Friday 7 AM-Noon
• Office: These are the tasks that make sure our donors are taken care of. Tasks include: assembling packets, filling out forms, stuffing envelopes, etc. These projects are also available to be taken home and completed!
Hours available: Monday- Thursday 7 AM- 4 PM; Friday 7 AM- 2 PM; also available to be taken home by request
• Milk Inventory: Volunteers will work alongside our Inventory Technician to log in donated milk as well as pack shipments to be sent out to hospitals.
Hours available: Monday- Thursday 7 AM- 4 PM; Friday 7 AM- 2 PM
• Referrals: Anybody can refer potential donors to the milk bank! The most common way we receive new donors is by word of mouth. You can take packets to your physician or pediatrician to pass out in their new mommy bags, or you can share our mission with the nursing mother you pass in the grocery store. We always like to be talked about!
Please contact firstname.lastname@example.com if you are interested in volunteering.


text:
Larger-Than-Life Crime
May 20th, 2013
I recently heard a news story so bizarre I could hardly believe it was true. A series of crimes in France was linked to a suspect, but then the case took a very odd turn. Police discovered the man was living with his identical twin and because twin DNA is virtually identical, they were at a loss to figure out whodunit. Did one or both twins commit the crimes? If only one twin was the assaulter, did the other twin know? Would scientists be able to find case-breaking minute differences in their DNA? The story seemed more like a best-selling thriller than real life, adding to that well-known adage that truth really is stranger than fiction.
Add to this mix the odd case of Oscar Pistorius, the double-amputee Olympic athlete who shot and killed his supermodel girlfriend on Valentine's Day. At the same time, Pistorius's brother Carl also was on trial for murder, this time in the form of vehicular homicide. To top it all off, the lead investigator in Oscar's case had to resign because he too was accused of attempted murder after firing into a taxi full of innocent passengers. Like a well-written suspense with many twists and turns, I can hardly keep all these crimes straight.
Give it a few years, and I predict we'll see a rash of books, movies and maybe even a few cheesy made-for-tv-movies about these cases. But in the meantime, these larger-than-life crimes inspired me to wander the stacks in search of real life cases that could touch this level of outlandishness. Turns out, there are many true accounts of cases so bizarre, you can hardly believe they are real:
The Devil in the White City by Erik Larson – The riveting history of America's first serial killer, H.H. Holmes, who took advantage of the 1893 Chicago World Fair to cover up his crimes.
Sex on the Moon by Ben Mezrich – A charming and brilliant young scientist pulls off the audacious theft of a 600-pound safe of moon rocks from a high-tech government facility, all to impress his girlfriend.
The Girls of Murder City by Douglas Perryman – The true tale of scandal and sex-filled murder cases involving beautiful Jazz Age women. This story inspired the musical "Chicago."
Man in the Rockefeller Suit by Mark Seal – Hard-to-believe but real account of a master identify thief who posed as a member of the wealthy Rockefeller family for over a decade, married a wealthy woman, and then kidnapped and disappeared with his own daughter.
Midnight in Peking by Paul French – In 1937, a British schoolgirl's dissected body is found propped against an old building in Beijing. The building is notorious for being haunted and though the murder becomes a media sensation, the crime is never solved and the public's attention is quickly drawn away by invasion of Japanese forces.
Anyone You Want Me to Be: A True Story of Sex and Death on the Internet by John Douglas – Shocking account of a seemingly harmless family man who used the anonymity of the Internet to seduce and murder vulnerable women.
Provenance by Laney Salisbury – Fast-paced thriller of an elaborate, international con in which villains exploited high-profile art institutions into legitimizing hundreds of forged artworks, many of which still hang in museums today.
The Bobbed Haired Bandit: A True Story of Crime and Celebrity in 1920s New York by Stephen Duncombe – With her modern haircut and fashionable wardrobe, Ceila Cooney seemed anything but a criminal mastermind. Nevertheless, she engineered a thrilling series of thefts, taunted police, and escaped the largest manhunt in New York City history, becoming a celebrity and icon of the rebellious Jazz Age spirit.
What are your favorite shows, books and movies about crime?
Photo credit: "Crime Scene Do Not Cross" by Curtis Gregory Perry
Tags: book recommendations, cecil county public library, true crime


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Over 5 hours of the sexiest adult stars in the business working hard to get you to bust the biggest nut you've ever blown! Their nasty and no request will go unnoticed until they're covered in your dick juice!
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- Released: Mar 13 2012
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- Studio: Zero Tolerance Ent.
- Number of Discs: 2
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Network,Find Opportunities,Find Funding, Promote Events and Services
Mohamed: My Company Suba Management Solutions, which is a full service residential property management company located in the City Pasadena, CA. My company is seeking to partner with a Real Estate JV Investor by assisting investor in securing Distressed, REO & Foreclosed Properties and providing the Management Service for a negotiated monthly fee. If you have any interest in my proposal, please contact me directly at email@example.com or 626-818-7654(cell)
Mohamed I am looking for A Investor who would like to Invest U$5million I will pay him back in 5years time U$10 million.
I would like to open a Wellness Water plant.With the Wellness Water I will also produce beverages and fruit juices. If you see my Summary I know you will say YES.
We have every thing in places. We can also give a Investor shares. This Venture is better than crudeoil.
Hi Mohamed after walking into scammers working on the proud name of the Al-Ghurairs family name I am so happy to invite you as a friend. I see your photo on your profile and know for more than 9 months I am so happy to write to you.
I have the best Venture of this Millennium hope I can send you my Business Plan
Frans van Zyl


text:
U.S. Representative Cynthia Lummis (R-Wyo) called on the Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to investigate stimulus grantees' use of tax dollars to lobby state and local governments. Grant reports submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show grantees using federal tax dollars to influence laws, regulations and policies at the federal, state and local level.
Rep. Lummis provided the Inspector General with several examples of possible violations, such as grantees lobbying for tax hikes on tobacco and sugary beverages, restrictions on fast food restaurants and convenience stores, and menu-labeling legislation.
"Disease prevention and wellness policies might be worthwhile goals, but it is illegal to use federal dollars to lobby the government," Rep. Lummis said. "The federal government should not spend tax dollars to lobby itself, nor should it use tax dollars to influence state and local government officials. The Constitution gives specific powers to the federal government and reserves all other powers to the states and the people. Using federal tax dollars to lobby state and local governments upsets this balance."
Source: http://lummis.house.gov/news/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=295164


text: Madison Hopkins, a seventh grader, who is the school's winner in the county-wide "Laws of Life" essay contest, as she is being awarded the certificate and a $25 gift card to the Coastland Mall by the school's CEO/Principal, Mr. George Abounader. Wendy Wynne Hodgson, the Coordinator for Social Studies for the District School Board of Collier County, organized this 18th annual Character Education Essay Contest and invited schools throughout the County to participate. Hundreds of excellent essays were received and a panel of impartial judges read and selected the winners. Maddie wrote about the character trait of "tolerance" and cited a personal experience of a teacher who promoted tolerance in her class.


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You might have luck with this tutorial:
Linux Internet Connection - Virjacode
Hi, my name is ZeroCold, i'm from Romania and i have a big problem. I have download backtrack4 and i have a problem with my network connection.
I don't know how to configure the internet.
My modem details:
Zapp Z040:
National high data rates - up to 3.1 Mbps download speed and 1.8 Mbps upload speed on EvDo revA, up to 2.4 Mbps and 153.6 Kbps on EvDo Rev0 and up to 153, 6 kbps for both upload and download in 1XRTT
Compact size - internal antenna with receive diversity for both CDMA 1X and EvDo (RevA and Rev0) modes.
Plug and play - automatic drivers' installation.
Z040 Manager software interface - for internet conection/deconection and for SMS send/receive.
OLED screen - with 3 active lines display
How i can configure the internet???
sorry my english
Ask questions on the open forums, that way everybody benefits from the solution, and everybody can be corrected when they make mistakes. Don't send me private messages asking questions that should be asked on the open forums, I won't respond. I decline all "Friend Requests".
I know someone called Google = )Someone teach me basic networking for linux
he's great at teaching things!
Hello ZeroCold,
First I would recomend downloading the current ubuntu liveCD 9.10.
Boot from this and plug the device in a type 'dmesg' unplug it and plug it in again type 'dmesg'.Keep doing this until you can identify the text that is associated with this device. it should be something to do with '/dev/ttyACM0'.
Once you have that save that text.
Then do the same with 'sudo lsusb' until you have that text. You now have the information that you need to google with.
You can try to use netmanager in ubuntu to get the device to work(network icon in the top righthand corner). Ubuntu is very good a supporting GSM/GPRS/CMDA/3G modems. If its going to work this is your best bet.
Once you have all of this information you can attempt to get it working with back track. Your going to need the module(driver) name and a dialup program. This is something else you will need to research.
After having a quick look on the zapp site ( hXXp://www X zapp X ro/en/personal/terminals/modems/drivers-and-manuals/ ) I can see that there was a linux driver for the Z010 but that is now discontinued. Some questions to Zapp customer support might help you.
In future you will want to check that ALL hardware is compatitable with Linux before you buy it.
Best of Luck.
Mathematical reasoning may be regarded rather schematically as the exercise of a combination of two facilities, which we may call intuition and ingenuity.
It depends on your network topology . Use "ifconfig" tool to do all required operations and "iwconfig" for WiFi connection. Google for more informations and look at MAN pages of these 2 tools that I've given.
Maybe that link can help you:
Edit: God damn. You are the same person to the above?


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Tuesday, April 5th, 2011...7:30 pm
And we have a winner!
Jump to Comments
I picked a name out of a hat (so low-tech, I know) and the winner of the beautiful Jenny Andrews Triangle Bag is…
Ellen Z.! Congratulations! I hope it joins you on many adventures to far-off places.
Thank you, Jenny Andrews, for sponsoring an amazing giveaway!
P.S. See you all at the Guess Robson event! (How am I even going to sleep tonight? I'm so excited.)
[Photo by Graham Dalik.]


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Kuchar birdies No. 2 in Round 1 of the RBC Canadian Open
In the opening round of the 2013 RBC Canadian Open, Matt Kuchar makes an 11-foot birdie putt on the par-5 2nd hole.
© 1995-2017 PGA TOUR, Inc | All Rights Reserved.
PGA TOUR, PGA TOUR Champions, Web.com Tour, and the Swinging Golfer design are registered trademarks.
Web.com is also a registered trademark used here with permission, and used in the Web.com Tour logo with permission.


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Today's NOTD is another color from the new OPI Germany collection, Berlin There Done That. This is a medium grey creme with a hint of brown to it. It reminds me of a mix between Essie Chinchilly (which is lighter and more grey) and OPI You Don't Know Jacques (darker and more brown). I love the name of this one!
natural light, 2 coats
The formulation of Berlin There Done That is outstanding. It is smooth, opaque, and was generally really easy to apply. This is another one of those great neutral colors I'll be reaching for year round!
Have you gotten any polishes from this collection?
xx, Allison


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Baseball teams limit consumption of energy drinks by players
PHOENIX – Major League Baseball, which banned illegal performance-enhancing drugs and amphetamines, now has several teams restricting the use of energy drinks.
On this, the players say, teams are going too far.
"It's asinine," said Arizona Diamondbacks closer J.J. Putz, who typically consumes one Red Bull drink in the seventh inning. "What are they going to ban next, coffee? Soft drinks? It's so bizarre."
The Diamondbacks and Houston Astros have stopped providing energy drinks in their clubhouse and are discouraging players from using them, citing harmful effects. They can't ban the beverages because they are not prohibited in the collective bargaining agreement. Spokesman Greg Bouris said the players union is unaware of any restrictions and plans to look into it.
Teams, though, can act in the minor leagues and many have. Several organizations, including the Milwaukee Brewers, even prohibit minor leaguers from using clubhouse refrigerators to store their energy drinks.
"We take the same education approach with the energy drinks that we take with supplements," said Ross Atkins, vice president/player development of the Cleveland Indians. "We ask why a player is using it, is there something else natural he could to improve his energy levels?"
The Astros began taking precautions in 2009 when reliever Wesley Wright was taken to a hospital and treated for dehydration. He said he drank several cans of Red Bull and soft drinks before pitching that afternoon.
"We've had a couple of issues regarding dehydration," Astros GM Ed Wade said, "and our people think they can be traced to misuse, overuse of energy drinks. It just seemed that we shouldn't be creating an environment where we're almost facilitating the effects of dehydration."
Yet, with a 162-game season and frequent travel, Pittsburgh Pirates right-hander Jason Grilli says everyone is looking for an advantage.
"The reason guys take energy drinks is because there's not anything else (legal) to take," Grilli said. "Let's face it, the competitive edge is why the whole steroid thing got rampant."
Players were subject to penalties for use performance-enhancing drugs, such as steroids, starting in 2004, and amphetamines were added to MLB's drug policy a year later.
There's no evidence that energy drinks are a performance-enhancer, or should be prohibited, says Gary Wadler, former chairman of WADA's banned-substance-list committee. Tracey Halliday, vice president/communications of the American Beverage Association, says she believes energy drinks are often the subject of misinformation.
"We are strong advocates of moderation," she said. "But when it comes to caffeine, the caffeine included in there is half the caffeine of a similar cup of coffee. It's a safe ingredient approved by the FDA."
Pirates All-Star closer Joel Hanrahan, who typically consumes two Red Bull drinks a day, said: "I don't see why it should be banned. You've got to go out there 162 games. You're playing 21 games in a row, and switching time zones, and you want to be mentally and physically ready.
"If fans can sit in the stands and drink it, why can't we drink it during games? We're human, too."
Contributing: Seth Livingstone
Posted | Updated


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Oh nice. Looking forward to seeing your team there.
Haven't had a chance to play with professional players yet in Dota 2... Some popular streamers, sure, but not any from top teams.
Oh nice. Looking forward to seeing your team there.
Haven't had a chance to play with professional players yet in Dota 2... Some popular streamers, sure, but not any from top teams.
There is something amazing about Timbersaw. One moment you are trying to farm creeps just to get those Arcane Boots and hit lvl 6, next thing you notice you have Bloodstone with 20+ charges and 10+ kills. It's not even funny how fast you can snowball with Timbersaw.
yea hopefully they arent too busy.
the dota 2 scene is getting so big it's kind of crazy. makes me regret going to work instead of focusing on heroes of newerth back in the day. sorta haha
so many tournaments its been nonstop after ti3.
When do you guys begin your Winter breaks, for those in school? I'd like to setup the tournament thread ASAP to give teams around 3 - 4 weeks to sign up. I was thinking the week of December 23rd, most likely a weekend for those celebrating Christmas.
Downloaded this game some months ago but have yet to play it beyond the tutorial. Besides the Dragon Knight, what characters are good for beginners, and what Mages are worth picking up?
Games I currently play:
Cosmic League
Lost Saga
Waiting for: Overwatch, Maplestory 2, and Rakion 2.
games usually heavilly skill and team dependent sooo it really depends on what you want from your team. But for pubstomps puck or queen of pain or visage are really good
So, no one has problems with the date mentioned above? I'll setup the thread hopefully over the weekend as I'd like to have it up before exams make me unable to do so.
Games I currently play:
Cosmic League
Lost Saga
Waiting for: Overwatch, Maplestory 2, and Rakion 2.
If the tournament day is a holiday I definitely have a problem with that. I have to work on every single holiday, such is my job. But then again I don't have a team at the moment.
Going to keep it away from holidays as people usually like to use those days to spend time with their families.
mid or feed.
Wraith Night event mode actually looks fun for a change, unlike Diretide. I am also curious how much will the new Arcane item cost though.
Sorry, I posted it at 12:15AM, so it should have been today.
I am afraid to get the Legion Commander arcana item because I feel like she will be nerfed in the ground. Played only one game so far though. In any, even barely, competent hands you can roll faces. But she can be easily shut down with team effort. Still, her ultimate damage gain will be nerfed for sure, her passive will either become a unique modifier or the lifesteal percentage significantly lowered.
For a carry who can snowball hard she also has a very high mana pool. I felt like I can spam my spells without worrying much about depleting my mana. So maybe INT gain nerf too.
She doesn't really seem to be too strong requiring hard nerfs. Once people figure out how to play against her, she is fine.
I am starting to feel that ranked matches are bigger cesspool than normal. Been matched with either people who play like it's their very first game in the genre or trolls who drop my items out of courier in who-knows-what locations just for their amusement.
Stacked teams also seem to enjoy trolling more too (never encountered such situations before), same thing with item dropping. I've had enough after 10 minutes of arguing with rustards and just started feeding and threw the game. Ranked MM really tests my patience so far.
Will probably return to Wraith Night to keep farming Frozen rares.
EDIT: Is there a rough estimate of the skill "tiers" based on MMR yet?
Last edited by marcipaans; 12-18-2013 at 01:49 PM.
Those are the percentiles, as in if you have 4100 MMR or more, you're above 99% of the players. This was released for the normal MMR, so it may not reflect exactly for ranked but it is a good comparison.5% 1100
10% 1500
25% 2000
50% 2250
75% 2731
90% 3200
95% 3900
99% 4100


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Bottom venting a clothes
I'm moving my washer and dryer to a tight space. Has anyone ever run the vent out of the bottom of a dryer. I'm plan to run the vent through the floor to the basement the out through an existing vent. I looked online and there is a kit. Just wondered if anyone has done it
If it's applicable to your dryer it's ok. don't use any flex hose inside dryer or through floor [code/safety]. remember it may have to come out at some point so take that into consideration.
yes you can run it out the bottom. Easiest to take out drum for better access and make sure all fittings inside dryer are tight and sealed.
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Mr. HEINRICH. Mr. Speaker, this week, Washington plays host to the International AIDS Conference, a conference that brings together activists, scientists, and people living with HIV to mourn those millions who have been lost to that disease around this world but also to celebrate some very real progress made against that disease.
HIV is no longer a death sentence for those who are diagnosed. That's a very large accomplishment that the U.S. Government can claim some credit for through research at NIH, CDC, small things like the fact that the city of Washington can be host because the President's administration lifted the travel ban on people with HIV.
Mr. Speaker, there is also something for us to learn. The Bush administration--which I didn't always agree with--also can take enormous credit for PEPFAR, a program which saved millions of lives in Africa and Asia and which earned us the respect and the love of people around this planet. We should learn from that, to work together to end this disease, to make sure that those with it are treated and that we prevent it and ultimately end it. That should be our goal.
Source: http://thomas.loc.gov


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Have a Tax Question? Ask a Tax Expert
Secured Property Taxes simply means that the taxes are secured by the property on which the tax is levied. That by law, a lien exists on the property even though a lienn is not filed. So, if the taxes are delinquent 5 years, the property can be sold. (even though a lien document has not been filed.)