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Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
Print version ISSN 0103-5053
J. Braz. Chem. Soc. vol.23 no.8 São Paulo Aug. 2012 Epub Aug 09, 2012
Quantitative chemical profile and multivariate statistical analysis of alembic distilled sugarcane spirit fractions
Felipe A. T. SerafimI; Carlos A. GalinaroI; Alexandre A. da SilvaI; Silmara F. BuchviserI; Eduardo S. P. do NascimentoI; Fernando V. NovaesII; Douglas W. FrancoI, *
IInstituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, CP 780, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
IIEscola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
As concentrações de 39 compostos orgânicos foram determinadas em três frações (cabeça, coração e cauda) obtidas da destilação em alambique do caldo de cana fermentado. Os resultados foram avaliados utilizando-se análise de variância (ANOVA), teste de Tukey, análise de componentes principais (PCA), agrupamento hierárquico (HCA) e análise discriminante linear (LDA). De acordo com PCA e HCA, os dados experimentais conduzem à formação de três agrupamentos. As frações de cabeça deram origem a um grupo mais definido. As frações coração e cauda apresentaram alguma sobreposição coerente com sua composição em ácidos. As habilidades preditivas de calibração e validação dos modelos gerados pela LDA para a classificação das três frações foram de 90,5 e 100%, respectivamente. Este modelo reconheceu como coração doze de treze cachaças comerciais (92,3%) com boas características sensoriais, apresentando potencial para a orientação do processo de cortes.
Concentrations of 39 organic compounds were determined in three fractions (head, heart and tail) obtained from the pot still distillation of fermented sugarcane juice. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). According to PCA and HCA, the experimental data lead to the formation of three clusters. The head fractions give rise to a more defined group. The heart and tail fractions showed some overlap consistent with its acid composition. The predictive ability of calibration and validation of the model generated by LDA for the three fractions classification were 90.5 and 100%, respectively. This model recognized as the heart twelve of the thirteen commercial cachaças (92.3%) with good sensory characteristics, thus showing potential for guiding the process of cuts.
Keywords: sugarcane spirits, alembic fractions, multivariate analysis
According to the Brazilian Cachaça Institute, the volume of sugarcane spirit (cachaça) exported was around 9.8 million liters in 2011 and generated US$17.28 million in revenue. Currently, Germany, the United States, Portugal and France are the main importers.1
With the increasing demand for high-standard quality cachaça, the adoption of a more efficient production technique is a challenge that needs to be overcome by producers. Cachaça chemical composition and its sensory quality depend mainly on sugarcane juice, alcoholic fermentation and the subsequent wine distillation procedures.2-7
Usually, in small-scale production (artisanal sugarcane spirits), the distillation process occurs in alembics (pot stills). During this process, the distillate is separated into three different fractions, through operations named cuts, to improve the beverage quality. The alcohol content in the distillate collected from the first cut (head fraction) reaches the range of 70.0 to 55.0% (v/v) or a volume equivalent to 5-10% of the total distillate volume.8 The second fraction, the heart (the noble distillate), begins to be collected when the alcohol content reaches 55% (v/v) and ends up around 38% (v/v), which corresponds to 75-80% of the total distillate volume. The last fraction, the tail, is collected when the alcohol content of distillate is below 38% (v/v), which corresponds to about 10% of the total distillate volume.8 Usually the head and tail fractions are discarded or used by some producers in the next distillation batch. All the alcohol content data are collected at a temperature around 20 ± 3 oC. This is a traditional separation procedure in Brazil and was probably inspired by the colonizer experience with grappa, bagaceira and whiskey production. In small distilleries, each ton of sugarcane processed can produce 80 to 120 distillate (heart fraction) liters.
It is known for different distilled alcoholic beverages that the cutting processes, applied during alembic distillation, can influence the chemical composition and consequently affect the product quality.9-15 A part from a few examples, in case of sugarcane spirits obtained through alembic distillation, a quantitative analysis of the cutting process fractions has not received the deserved attention compared to what is described for other distillated spirits. Cardeal et al.16 monitored the alembic distillation process by fingerprint chromatogram analysis without using chemometrics tools. Alcarde et al.17 evaluated the secondary components of sugarcane spirits during double distillation process in a rectifying still in order to verify the cut point according to the ethanol concentration between head and tail fractions. Scanavini et al.18 presented the application of a differential distillation model for the simulation of cachaça production in alembic.
The study described herein aims to learn more about the spirit secondary compound composition in the three different fractions produced in the alembic distillation process, and thus eventually infer how the cuts procedure would influence the cachaça quality with a different approach.
The chemical profiles of the samples were determined for the three fractions of the distillate (head, heart and tail). Altogether, 14 alembic distilled cachaça samples from different Sao Paulo State producers were evaluated in the present study. The still operations were performed by the producers following their own tradition. None of the distilled samples were submitted to the aging processes and they were all stored in glass bottles under refrigeration (4 oC) and analyzed within three to four months. Thirteen highly ranked non aged commercial cachaças previously evaluated trough chemical and sensory analysis7 were used for the LDA model evaluation.
All reagents were of analytical grade standards (Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents (methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane and acetonitrile) were of HPLC grade (Mallinckrodt Baker, Xalostoc, Tlaxcala, México), and all water used was deionized using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
Distillation apparatus
The copper alembic apparatus were purchased from Brazilian manufacturers and operated by the distillery staff following the respective technical specifications. The alembic distillation process was carried out in single pot stills with similar geometries with capacities ranging from 180-250 L. Direct fire was used for heating alembics where the temperature ranged from 75-90 °C. The fractions were collected at the rate of 40 ± 9 mL per min. The cutting process was carried out according to the alcoholic content, which was monitored during the sample distillation.
Analytical method description
Higher alcohols and acetic acid3
The presence of methanol, propanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid was determined through direct injection of 1.0 µL aliquots of the sample (spiked with 4-methyl-1-propanol, internal standard - 126 mg L-1) into a gas chromatograph system (Hewlett-Packard, HP 5890-A GC) using a flame ionization detector (FID) and a HP-FFAP column (cross-linked polyethylene glycol esterified 50 m × 0.20 mm × 0.33 µm film thickness). The inlet and detector temperatures were 250 oC. The injected volume was 1.0 µL, and the split ratio 1:20. The oven temperature program was 55 oC (5 min); 2 oC min-1 to 100 oC (3 min), 5 oC min-1 to 190 oC (30 min); 5 oC min-1 to 220 oC (15 min); oven temperature program (HP-20M) 45 oC; 1 oC min-1 to 100 oC (3 min), 5 oC min-1 to 190 oC (30 min); 5 oC min-1 to 220 oC (15 min). The compound identification and quantification were made through authentic standard addition method.
Aldehydes and ketones5
Acetylacetone, formaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), acetaldehyde, acrolein, furfuraldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde and 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) were analyzed as their 2,4-dinitrophenyihydrazones (aldehyde-DNPHs) using an HPLC Shimadzu model LC-10AD equipped with a UV-Vis diode array detector (Shimadzu SPD M6A, wavelength = 365 nm). The HPLC separation was performed with a Shimadzu Shim-Pak C18 column (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d. × 5.0-µm particle size) and gradient system of water and methanol/acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) solution. The injection volume was 20.0 µL and the following gradient (methanol/acetonitrile)-water was used: (methanol/acetonitrile) (8:2)-water 60:40 (v/v) isocratic for 9 min (1.0 mL min-1), from 60:40 to 95:5 in 16 min (1.1 mL min-1), from 95:5 to 60:40 in 9 min (1.0 mL min-1), 60:40 isocratic for 15 min (1.0 mL min-1). The compound identification and quantification were carried out through relative retention time comparison and authentic standard addition.
Ethyl carbamate2
The determination of the ethyl carbamate concentration was performed through sample direct injection without previous treatment into a gas chromatograph model GC17A (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) hyphened to a mass selective detector model QP 5050A (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) using electron impact (70 eV) as the ionization source. The mass spectrometer detector operated in SIM mode (µ/z 62), and propyl carbamate was used as an internal standard (150 µg L-1). The inlet and detector interface temperature were 250 and 230 °C, respectively. The oven program temperature used was: 90 °C (2 min); 10 °C min-1 for 150 °C (0 min); 40 °C min-1 for 230 °C (10 min). The injected volume was 1.0 µL in the splitless mode. The ethyl carbamate quantification was carried out through authentic standard addition.
Ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl lactate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl laurate and isoamyl octanoate were analyzed by direct sample injection. The volume of 1µL was injected into a gas chromatography model GC17A (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) hyphened to a mass selective detector model QP 5050A (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) using electron impact (70 eV) as the ionization source, using 4-methyl-2-pentanol as internal standard. The target analytes were separated through a capillary column coated with an esterified polyethylene glycol phase (HP-FFAP; 50 m × 0.20 mm × 0.33 µm film) (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA). The temperature of the injector and detector interface was 220 °C. The oven temperature was programmed from 35 to 180 °C at a rate of 5 °C min-1 and then raised at 20 °C min-1 increments from 180 to 220 °C (5 min), using split mode (1:15). The esters were quantified through standard calibration curve.
Organic acids20
Nine organic acids (lactic, glycolic, pyruvic, succinic, capric, citramalic, lauric, myristic and palmitic) were analyzed in distilled samples. The methodology was based on the evaporation of 20 mL cachaça to dryness at room temperature and the subsequent addition of 200 µL derivatizing solution, which contained 100 µL of N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and 100 µL of nonanoic acid (internal standard, 100 mg L-1) in an acetonitrile solution. A Hewlett-Packard 5890 model gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with flame ionization detector (FID) was used with a capillary column DB-5 (5%-phenyl-methylpolysiloxane) with dimensions of 50 m × 0.20 mm × 0.33 µm. The oven temperature program used was: 60 °C (2 min) to 100 °C at a programming rate of 25 °C min-1 and raised at 10 °C min-1 increments from 100 to 300 °C (5 min), using split mode (1:15). The acids were identified by authentic standard addition method and quantified through standard calibration curve.
Multivariate and statistical analysis
Principal components analysis (PCA) reduces the dimensionality of the data through linear combinations of the original independent variables. It allows the maximum amount of variance in the data set to transform into a smaller number of components and allows the data to be observed graphically by grouping samples according to their similarities.21 For hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), an agglomerative hierarchical method is used to join the clusters, indicating the level of similarity between them. In this procedure, Ward's linkage method was used to determine the distance between clusters and the Euclidian distance for their amalgamation. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is one of the parametric classification methods of pattern recognition that uses linear boundaries to define the groups.22 The generated LDA calibration model was composed of the 21 samples. The predictive ability of the LDA model was evaluated through cross-validation, using 9 unknown fractions as a test samples.
All the multivariate analysis was performed in the data matrix for the 3 alembic fractions that was structured using all sets of data of Table S1 (Supplementary Information section). The matrix contained 42 rows, which represented the number of cachaça samples, and 39 columns, which corresponded to the analyzed chemical variable concentrations. The ND (not detected) in data set matrix was fixed at zero (0.00). As pre-processing, data set in the X-matrix were autoscaled prior to analysis.
Variance analyze (ANOVA) was previously used for the identification of the statistically significant differences among the secondary compound mean concentration values in the alembic fractions. The ANOVA results were checked using Tukey's test. PCA, HCA, LDA, ANOVA and Tukey's test were applied using Minitab 15.1.1 release software (MINITAB® and the MINITAB logoTM are trademarks of Minitab Inc.). Since many variables are involved along the all production process, the median values were considered more reliable than the mean values for comparison purposes of the three fractions chemical profile.23
Results and Discussion
Quantitative chemical profile
Figure 1 presents the median values for secondary composition concentration (mg L-1) and alcoholic content (%, v/v) for the three spirit fractions produced by alembic distillation. The median concentration values for the 39 organic compounds analyzed in each alembic fraction are presented in Table S2 (Supplementary Information section). The results shown here indicated a quantitative difference for the major compounds analyzed in the three spirit fractions produced during the alembic distillation process.
According to Figure 1, the head fraction presents higher concentration of alcohols (total alcohols in Figure 1) when compared to the other fractions. The methanol, propanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol and isoamyl alcohol is presented higher concentrations in the head fractions. Isoamyl alcohol was the most abundant compound among the alcohols analyzed.
The ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate are the major ester compounds present in cachaças according to Nascimento et al.19 All esters, other than ethyl lactate, were found in higher concentrations in the head fraction rather than in the other fractions. Ethyl lactate, the most soluble in water among the esters evaluated, was predominant in the heart and tail fraction. Therefore, the increase observed for the total ester concentration in tail fraction in Figure 1 is due to the presence of ethyl lactate.
As can be seen in Figure 1, aldehydes are present in higher concentrations in head fraction. All aldehydes analyzed, except 5-HMF and furfuraldehyde, were predominant in the head fraction, in which acetaldehyde was found to be the major compound. The 5-HMF and furfuraldehyde, which are more soluble in water than in ethanol, differently from the other aldehydes, presented higher concentrations in the heart and tail fractions. The aldehyde acetylacetone was not observed in any sample analyzed.
Ethyl carbamate is more soluble in ethanol than in water and was mainly found in the head fraction (Figure 1). The median values for ethyl carbamate concentrations were 65.0, 26.0 and 24.0 µg L-1 for the head, heart and tail fractions, respectively. The results suggest that a tuning in the first cut could be used to reduce the concentration of this unwanted compound in the heart fraction.24
The sum of acetic and lactic acid concentrations accounts for more than 90% of the total organic acid content in the alembic fractions. The sum acetic, lactic, glycolic, succinic and citramalic acids, more soluble in water than in ethanol and with boiling points ranging from 112-235 oC, presented higher concentrations in the tail fraction than in the head fraction. The acetic acid in heart fraction presented similar concentration to the tail fraction, showing the difficulty in remove it through the cutting process.
An opposite behavior was observed for capric, lauric, myristic and palmitic acids. Despite its higher boiling points (ranging from 225-270 oC), regarding to the other acids, the later compounds were predominant in the head fraction since they are more soluble in ethanol than in water. These findings are in similarity with the described by Léauté11 for cognac.
It would be very interesting to correlate the data of sugarcane distilled spirit fractions with the other spirits such as grappa, bagaceira, orujo and rum. However, this is not an easy task since only cachaça and rum are sugarcane products, being the others originated from grapes. Unfortunately, at least as far as we know, there are not at the moment available data to perform a reliable comparison. There are few accessible reports which despite well conducted, were not performed in the same experimental conditions and therefore not allow comparisons. Furthermore, besides being originated from diverse raw material, the spirit production process follows different procedures dictated by local practices, including different yeast, fermentation process and distillation apparatus design. The comparison between cachaça and rum, considering just the commercial product (heart fraction) points out that despite being sibling spirits, both have their own identity due to the all production process by itself.25
Despite of all these difficulties, as example and with information purposes, Table S3 (SI section) exhibits some chemical concentration data for select compounds in cachaça and bagaceira for the head, heart and tail fraction and for the heart fraction of orujo, bagaceira, grappa and rum.15, 25, 26 According to these results, except for capric acid, the concentrations of lauric acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl dodecanoate, methanol, acetaldehyde, propanol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol on general, independent of the fraction (head, heart and tail) are present in higher concentration in bagaceira than in cachaça. Capric acid concentration is only higher in the cachaça than in bagaceira when the head fraction is concerned. Similar trend is observed comparing the heart fraction (commercial product) chemical composition of the other spirits. Exceptions for runs (Cuban and non Cuban) which presented the smaller propanol concentration than all the other distilled spirits.
ANOVA and multivariate statistical analysis
Before the multivariate statistical analysis were performed, ANOVA test (p-value) was used to observe if there are any significant statistical differences among the secondary compounds mean concentration from the head, heart and tail fractions at the 95% confidence intervals. Tukey's multiple comparison method was used to corroborate with ANOVA test results. Table S4 in the SI section shows the p-value results (p < 0.005) for the mean concentration values of each chemical compound for each pair of alembic fractions. The high standard deviation values observed, which cannot be attributed to experimental analytical errors, strongly suggest that the cachaça production process is not uniform by itself. This is not unexpected since in the production there are many independent variables whose strict control is very difficult to assure.
For the thirty nine compounds analyzed, only ethyl decanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl nonanoate, isoamyl alcohol and the alcoholic content presented statistical differences when comparing their concentrations among the head, heart and tail. The other remaining compounds presented significant differences only between two of the fractions (see Table S4 in the SI section).
The ANOVA test results here reported would be useful to classify the forty two samples dealt with in this work. However, the production process by itself is not uniform and new variables could be introduced. It would be desirable a more general approach in which not only compounds with significant differences in their concentrations were considered.
PCA and HCA were applied to the database in the Table S1 in the SI section to observe the similarities among the three alembic fractions. The PCA score plot (Figure 2a) shows the clustering between the samples according to the similarities of their chemical composition. The head fraction cluster, despite being more disperse than the other two, does not overlap with the heart fraction. Some overlap was observed between the clusters corresponding to the heart and tail fractions mainly due to the similarity in their acid composition. So, the PCA analysis indicates that the cutting between these two fractions was not so efficient to remove the acidity excess from the heart fraction.
The loading plot (Figure 2b) illustrates the behavior of the 39 analyzed organic compounds in the head, heart and tail fractions. The total variance obtained by the sum of the first seven principal components was 74.8%. The PC1 (30.3%) showed that esters (except ethyl lactate), alcohols, aldehydes (except 5-HMF and furfuraldehyde), ethyl carbamate and fatty acids were the most representative variables responsible for head fraction definition. The acetic, lactic, glycolic, pyruvic, succinic and citramalic acids, ethyl lactate and 5-HMF correlated negatively with the other compounds in PC1, which may be responsible for the partial tail fraction separation.
According to Figure 2a, three tail fractions (S05, S22 and S35) exhibited heart fraction characteristics. From these three fractions, two (S05 and S22) were collected above the recommended alcoholic content level (39.7 and 44.16% (v/v), respectively) and exhibit lactic and acetic acid concentrations below the median concentration values observed for heart fractions (41 and 108 mg L-1, respectively). The third tail fraction (S35) was collected at 31% (v/v); however, it presented a lower acid concentration than the expected on the basis of the other samples, and thus exhibiting in these aspect characteristics which resemble more a heart than a tail fraction. Sample S34 from the heart cluster presented higher lactic and acetic acid concentrations (116 and 120 mg L-1, respectively) and alcohol content (32.8%, v/v) below the expected value. From the fractions of distillates from wines S31 and S29, only one (head S31) was correctly classified in the head cluster (Figure 2a); the other five define a fourth cluster which mix head, heart and tail fractions. This can be explained considering the composition similarity of fractions regarding to acetic, lactic acid, ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate (Table S1 in the SI section), suggesting that these samples had some problem during the fermentation and distillation process.19, 27, 28
The acid concentration may compromise the cachaças quality. Indeed, the heart samples (S33 and S34) that are borderline between heart and tail exhibit alcoholic content lower than 38% (v/v) (see Table S1 in the SI section). Therefore, the cutting process during this step should be anticipated before the final alcohol content in the distilled sample reaches 26% (v/v), which is the median value found for the analyzed tail samples (see Table S2 in the SI section). This procedure will reduce the final product volume, but a balance between quality and productivity should dictate the action of the producers. Thus, the relationship between the cutting process and the sensorial effect of acidity should also be evaluated. As can be observed in Table S1 (SI section) the presence in the heart fraction of compounds that affect the cachaça quality as ethyl acetate, methanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl carbamate, propanol (depending on their concentrations) and others with head and tail fraction characteristics can be reduced to reasonably compatible concentrations after the cutting application.
Figure 3 shows the dendrogram analysis for the three distillate fractions based on their chemical profile similarities. As observed in the PCA analysis, the samples from the head did not exhibit similarities with the other two fractions, whereas there was some similarity between the heart and tail fractions. The similarities regarding to the chemical profile for distillates from wines S31 (samples: 1, 2, 3) and S29 (samples: 10, 11, 12) confirm the information obtained from the PCA treatment. The same is true for the heart fractions S33 and S34 (samples 5 and 14, respectively), which were included in the tail sample cluster and for the tail fraction S35 (sample 42) included in the heart fraction cluster.
Statistical model construction e application to commercial cachaça samples
Aiming to contribute in the improvement of the characterization of spirit fractions and consequently the cutting in the alembics distillation, the samples and variables that better represented their respective fractions, chosen from the PCA and HCA plots (Figures 2 and 3) and from ANOVA analysis, were used to build a more representative model. For the model construction, the variables no highly correlated were selected by LDA analysis. Lactic acid, ethyl acetate, alcoholic content, isoamyl alcohol, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid were used as standard variables. LDA was then applied to this data set to generate a classification model for the three alembic fractions. A data cross-validation was used to avoid the generation of an optimistic model and thus increase its prediction ability.21, 29 The calibration model to identify head, heart and tail fractions was built up with 21 samples being seven samples for each fraction. According to Table 1, this model presented efficient prediction ability for 90.5% of the samples and was validated with other nine different fractions whose origins were 100% correctly fitted.
In a subsequent step, the self consistency of this model was checked using thirteen high quality commercial cachaças (non aged), representative of a "very good heart fraction" whose sensory and chemical qualities have been previously established by a trained panel of sensory analysts and by a group of cachaça consumers.7 Twelve samples (92.3%) were correctly fitted in the heart fraction cluster (Table 1). Only the sample SA was misclassified due to its high isoamyl alcohol concentration (1190 mg L-1, Table S5 in the SI section).
To visualize the fitting of the thirteen high quality commercial samples in the model generated by LDA, PCA plots (Figure 4) were build up using analytical data for lactic acid, ethyl acetate, alcoholic content, isoamyl alcohol, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid for 11 heads, 11 tails and 24 (11+13) heart fractions. It must be recalled however that the head samples (S31, S29, S22), heart fractions (S31, S29, S34, S09) and tail fractions (S35, S08, S05, S22, S29 and S31), which were misclassified due to distillation or fermentation errors, were removed from the PCA analysis. As can be observed in Figure 4, the three clusters were quite well defined and the previous overlap between tail and heart fractions (Figure 2) now was not observed. Table 2 was built up taking into account the well grouped samples in the score plot of Figure 4 and displays for each compound its respective concentration range in each one of the three fractions. These concentration range could be used as a proposition of a guide for the fractions quality evaluation. Therefore, all together, these results strongly suggested that the model generated here is a conceivable pattern reference for the cutting process guidance.
The quantitative chemical profile of head, heart and tail fractions of alembic cachaças is described using a considerable volume of analytical data. The cutting process markedly influences the alembic sugarcane spirit secondary compound concentrations. The dispersion observed in the PCA and HCA plots of the three alembic fractions showed that the process deserves more attention regarding cutting optimization and standardization. Chemical compounds produced in excess during the fermentation step as ethyl acetate and ethyl carbamate, which can affect the sensorial and chemical cachaça qualities, can be efficiently controlled by the judicious cut application between head and heart fractions through alcoholic content control. The way in which cuts between heart and tail fractions are usualy collected, may lead to an increase in acidity in the heart fraction, thus negatively affecting the spirit quality. For the samples that exibited higher acidity, the cut between heart and tail fractions could be anticipated.
The PCA, HCA data and the LDA model here described showed to be useful tools to discriminate and recognize the alembic fractions conveniently cut and thus could be used to help on improving the alembic distillation process quality. On principle this procedure could be adapted to alembic distillation of other spirits than cachaça.
Supplementary Information
Complete analytical data for the analyzed samples are available free of charge at http://jbcs.sbq.org.br as PDF file.
The authors would like to thank FAPESP, CNPq and CAPES for the financial support and the Professor Dr. Milan Trsic of Departamento de Química e Física Molecular do Instituto de Química de São Carlos (IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP) for his helpful discussions.
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26. Sampaio, O. M.; Reche, R. V.; Franco, D. W.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 1661. [ Links ] 27. Skinner, K. A.; Leathers, T. D.; J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2004, 31, 401. [ Links ]
28. Narendranath, N. V.; Hynes, S. H.; Thomas, K. C.; Ingledew, W. M.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997, 63, 4158. [ Links ]
29. Gonzalez-Arjona, D.; Lopez-Perez, G.; Gonzalez-Gallero, V.; Gonzalez, A. G.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 1982. [ Links ]
Submitted: January 18, 2012
Published online: July 19, 2012
* e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
FAPESP has sponsored the publication of this article.
The supplementary material is available in pdf: [Supplementary material]


text:
Justin Bieber is in the house tonight, having pre-taped a performance that will air later this season. Usher, of course, was his mentor before he guested on American Idol.
"He's been a great influence," Justin says. "You know, he kind of shaped who I am as an artist."
Usher performs his new single, OMG, with Black Eyed Peas' will.i.am making an appearance. It's one of the season's more interesting performances -- a little singing, a lot of AutoTune, and a big-dance production all at the same time.
Nashville-based Brian Mansfield began writing about music for USA TODAY in 1997 and took over Idol Chatter just before the start of Season 8. He co-authored Make Me a Star: Industry Insiders Reveal How to Make It in Music, and while he has never auditioned for American Idol, he did sing Boot Scootin' Boogie at Disney World's American Idol Experience the day the attraction opened (he lost). More about Brian | E-mail Brian

subset: commoncrawl


text:
is_home() returns true on your posts page. This could mean:
1. Homepage when Settings>Reading says 'Show my latest posts'
2. Blog page when Settings>Reading uses a static homepage and the same blog page for latest posts.
You can start with checking your error logs
Funny to see my 2 coder arguing and now this guy will code for me haha
We weren't arguing, and I never did HTML coding anyway…
Share 1 one of them with me?
Nope! If you write a tutorial for one of the Tuts+ sites you can get one
Well, I've written two. Can I have a badge?
Once again, nothing against excalo personally, but generally developers who do work for free, their code is usually of poor quality. Like I always say, you get what you pay for. And if you don't pay, well, don't expect much.
Well, they'll hire you/other paid developers if they want good quality, right? So there's nothing to worry about.
As fantastic as that sounds, I'm sorry to say I do not respect designers or developers who work for free, whether it's for your portfolio or not. It's reasons like this that clients take our jobs as a joke and do not want to pay us what we deserve. This isn't against you personally—all I'm saying is, if your code is "great" as you say it is, ask for a payment for your conversion. Why should you work for free?
I disagree. If he wants to code for free, then let him. If your code is of high quality, you'll get paid. I doubt that some people offering free conversions are going to spoil your business, unless its really fragile already.
Week or two ago there was theme in wordpress section, which was already long time ago on html section. It was very elegant theme and I can not find it anymore. I searched around but nothing. Theme had main slider on gray backround. There were also other color options, but first chouce was gray (preview). On picture in slider there was snowy landscape. and also all pictures were from some kind nordic land.
If anyone has idea, where the theme is (WP).. any help would be great.Thanks
Its called Cadca, and here it is: http://themeforest.net/item/wordpress-cadca-theme-6-skins/112409


text:
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The First Nature Aquarium LED Light: AQUASKY
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Francis Xavier
Wannabe Guru
Join Date: Oct 2008
Location: Austin, Tx
Posts: 1,810
The First Nature Aquarium LED Light: AQUASKY
LEDs have been tricky for the planted tank. As a new technology in the industry, LED-lit aquaria has mostly revolved around the Reef hobby - meaning most lights have been optimized for growing coral, not freshwater plants.
However, with the introduction of AQUASKY, the new LED solution from Aqua Design Amano, there has finally been a giant leap forward in the ability for LED lights to grow aquatic plants.
I'd like to take the time to answer a few of the most commonly asked questions so far about AQUASKY:
Q: What color temperature does AQUASKY render in?
A: AQUASKY uses a combination of LED lamps to produce an optimal color spectrum between 7,000-8,000k. This replicates the noon sun and contributes a great deal to the success of growing aquatic plants.
Q: Why do many other LED lights, which are advertised for aquatic plants, seem to only grow low-light plants?
A: Most LED manufacturers are geared towards Reef applications - meaning they use a lot more blue light for coral growth. So when many of these are translated to freshwater versions, they use a combination of blue/white LEDS, so half of the light is not good for aquatic plants. For some reason, other LED lights which are all white, do not get proper penetration for aquatic plant growth.
Q: If LEDs haven't grown aquatic plants as well - how is AQUASKY different?
A: AQUASKY spent a lot of time in research and development - for the sole purpose of growing aquatic plants. This means that on the aquariums they are designed for, they grow any aquatic plant even better than it's predecessor: the Solar Mini - without the need to use multiple LED strip lights.
Q: How do we know that the AQUASKY will work better than the Solar Mini or T5HO?
A: Mr. Amano has over 3 decades of experience with aquatic plants, and because ADA is ADA's single largest customer, this experience was leveraged to create an LED light that works better than the predecessor. The AQUASKY is used in the Nature Aquarium Gallery in Niigata, Japan to grow all the Mini aquariums, replacing the Solar Mini's they had before.
It is the philosophy of ADA to not create a product unless the new product is even better than it's replacement - this is why ADA never created a T5HO light.
Q: I see that the cord is not pictured, how does this look?
A: If you
watch this amazing video about the world's largest planted aquariums,
you will see the AQUASKY first thing with the cord displayed. By itself, the cord drapes easily to the side and creates less of a distraction from the aquarium than the previous Solar Mini fixture. Additionally, like many other clip on lights, the cord does not sit on the back of the aquarium, creating a distraction from the aquascape.
Q: What are the tech specs of AQUASKY?
Light housing unit size: W280mm x D68mm x H9mm
Clear stand size: W300mm x D100mm x H95mm (for aquarium 30cm in width) / W360mm x D100 x H95mm (for aquarium 36cm in width)
*** AQUASKY is NOT compatible with current Cube Garden Mini S and Cube Glass Mini S (31cm in width) ***
New Cube Garden Mini S and Cube Glass Mini S with 30cm in width will be coming out soon.
[Product Specification]
Input voltage: AC100~240V 50/60Hz
Power consumption: 17W
Current consumption: 0.4A
Luminous flux: 1450~1550ml
Color temperature: 7,000K~8,000K
LED: 0.4W/each x 30
LED lifespan: over 30,000hrs (depending on operating environment)
Operating temperature range: -20 Celsius to 35 celsius
Q: What are the sizes of the AQUASKY?
A: One is 30cm for 30-C (12 inch cube), the New Mini S and any other frameless aquarium of that length (including ADA 60-P if placed front to back).
The other is 36cm for ADA Mini M or any aquarium which has a 36cm length or width.
Q: How much is AQUASKY?
A: Both models are $195 - and include free shipping in celebration of the first Nature Aquarium LED light and the 20th Anniversary of ADA.
Q: Where can I get AQUASKY?
Q: When is AQUASKY available?
A: AQUASKY ships to our facility June 4th, 2012. All orders processed before this time qualify for the special release packages - which will include a few surprises to be announced.
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Skiing in the Colorado Springs area is rarely inexpensive due to the popular ski resorts in the area and the world-famous slopes. However, active duty military personnel and their dependents are eligible for discounts on lift tickets and season passes at many of the resorts in the area around Colorado Springs. A few resorts do not advertise their military discounts; however, with the Air Force Academy and Fort Carson in the immediate vicinity, many will provide discounts at ticket windows if you show your military identification.
Rocky Mountain Blue
This organization was created to provide affordable skiing vacations in Colorado for active and retired military personnel. Rocky Mountain Blue has entered into an agreement with Keystone Resort for discounted lodging and lift tickets. There are discounted daily lift tickets available for active and retired personnel. The Liberty Pass, with unlimited ski season access to Keystone and Arapahoe Basin is available for active duty personnel and their dependents only. Military discounts are also available for equipment rentals, lessons and childcare. Some restaurants and spas in the resort also offer military discounts.
Rocky Mountain Blue
21996 US Highway 6
Keystone, CO 80435
Vail Resorts
Vail Resorts manages the ski areas at Vail, Breckenridge, Beaver Creek and Keystone. This company offers active duty military discounts on lift tickets at all of their resorts. Lift tickets can be purchased in a variety of ways, including online, at the resort, and at any number of military bases in the area. REI Stores in Colorado Springs also sell the discounted lift tickets.
Vail Resorts
390 Interlocken Crescent
Broomfield, CO 80021
Loveland Ski Area
The Loveland Ski Area offers active duty military personnel and their dependents discounted season passes. These passes are for unlimited skiing at Loveland, with three free days at nearby Monarch Mountain. They are only available at the Loveland season ticket office. Passes do not go on sale until Labor Day weekend. Season pass holders also receive discounts on lift tickets for guests, childcare, restaurants and equipment rentals.
Loveland Ski Area
PO Box 899
Georgetown, CO 80444
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- Photo Credit colorado vail pass image by Ruslana Stovner from Fotolia.com
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Is there any way to share the same maya scene between Windows and Linux? Lets say I work on Windows and I created Maya scene which has some references which are located at S:\maya\references.mb (the file stored on the NAS server)
When I open the same file on a Linux computer, Maya doesn't find any references because Linux doesn't map drives like C:\ or S:\
Is there any way to make Linux file system to understand Windows path?
So the windows directory S:\maya.mb becomes S:\maya.mb on linux? Considering that the file is stored on the linux NAS server.


text:
Hagel was not accusing Israel of being at fault for the "sickening slaughter."
Anderson fired back, accusing his friend of giving up his own personal integrity and "caving to his handlers."
Now the entire room turned in Nguyen's direction, although his burning, accusing eyes stabbed directly into Laila's.
The rulings sparked fury among citizens, who took to Tahrir Square once again, accusing the military of a soft coup.
For his part, Rove fired back hard, denying that his group taps overseas sources of funding, and accusing Obama of hypocrisy.
Impatiently I smother the accusing whisper of my conscience, "By the right of revolutionary ethics."
Do those which are ever accusing other of pride, do all their actions for that reason?
Her geranium stood where she had left it, and its withered and yellow leaves smote her with accusing neglect.
Morris turns furiously to the Conjuror, accusing him of trickery.
All eyes, and most of them accusing eyes, were turned on Dick & Co.
c.1300, "charge (with an offense, etc.), impugn, blame," from Old French acuser "to accuse, indict, reproach, blame" (13c.), earlier "announce, report, disclose" (12c.), or directly from Latin accusare "to call to account," from ad- "against" (see ad-) + causari "give as a cause or motive," from causa "reason" (see cause (n.)). Related: Accused; accusing; accusingly.


text:
The last two World Series champions have a lot in common.
The 2015 Royals and 2016 Cubs built their rosters from the ground up: drafting wisely, making astute trades and watching a young core grow and blossom together.
The Royals had a near-miss in 2014 when they lost a seven-game World Series to the Giants; the Cubs had their breakthrough season in '15 with 97 victory and a berth in the National League Championship Series.
The back end of the Royals' bullpen was virtually untouchable in 2015 with Kelvin Herrera, Wade Davis and Greg Holland, while the trade-deadline acquisition of dominant closer Aroldis Chapman last summer became the final piece of the Cubs'...


text:
It may have only just been announced but Microsoft has already given a date for the first update to Windows Phone 7. It will arrive in early 2011.
For anyone that's been following the developments of Microsoft's new mobile phone operating system the reasons for this announcement will be all too obvious. Missing basics like copy and paste, tethering, and proper multitasking have caused many people to cry foul.
Sadly only copy and paste was confirmed as being fixed with the new update but fingers crossed we strongly suspect there will be more to the update when it finally arrives. There better be, anyway!


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The landlord does not accept the following in this place:
Decided on coming to attractive Milan and wish to stay in a more peaceful area of the city with a life of its own, then this apartment set in the Bruzzano area in Zone Nine is for you. You'll be right next to several parks, as well as transport links, commercial spots and nice cafés and restaurants.
This modern property features a total of two bedrooms, a cool living room, a common bathroom and a kitchen that has everything that's necessary to provide you with a satisfying cooking experience. Both bedrooms presented are comfy and come nicely furnished to accommodate you and make you feel at home. The living room is rather welcoming and the ideal hang out spot. Make sure you don't miss out on this opportunity.
Find out more about this property's common areas in our photo gallery.
Looks like no one had the time to review this place yet!
These conditions were defined by the Provider and are subject to change.
We have verified this property. We are still working on having the Landlord's contacts and documents fully verified.
Getting Around
Your new neighbourhood
Path to university
At Uniplaces we make the process of booking an apartment as easy as possible for both tenant and landlord.
That's why we have our own team of professional photographers that verify our properties and pick our landlords carefully in order to save time on viewings: we think it's old-fashioned and time-consuming.
You can look at forty different apartments on our platform in the same amount of time that it takes to see a room.
The pictures you see here haven't been photoshopped, so they'll be really accurate.
If you've still got any doubts, we'll keep the money that you transfer us until 24h after your move-in date.
If something's not exactly what you saw online, we'll help you move somewhere else and return your money.
We can only give you the contact details of your landlord after your booking is accepted. But we can guarantee that Uniplaces chooses the landlords it works with very carefully.
Besides, we've had students whose favourite part was living with a local!
Landlords and host families can be great city guides, help you out with translations and even become your friends.
As soon as your booking is accepted, you're given the landlord's contact details. Then, you can discuss all details directly with them, such as when you'll be moving-in.
Students move in and out at different times, so your flatmates might change during your stay.
It's a great opportunity to make new friends!
We personally speak to students who we place in Uniplaces apartments and are sure we will find the right place for you as well!
At the bottom of the property page, you have a calendar where you can see the availability of that room/apartment, according to the landlord.
But if you're still unsure about that we're happy to help.
Tell us your move-in and move-out dates and we will double-check if the place is available for you!
There are two different types of deposits: the Holding and Security deposits.
By clicking on "Deposit" at the bottom of the offer page you will get more information about each type of deposit.
In general, the deposit is paid to cover for any potential damages that may occur during your period of stay or will be used as rent compensation in case you leave earlier than originally planned.
If no damages occur and you leave on the agreed move-out date, your deposit should be refunded by the landlord in a way you both agree on.


text:
Paper Train HD Rating: Paper Train HD is a very simple game where you are tasked with controlling railway traffic without allowing any accidents. Those of you that are familiar with Flight Control ($.99, View in iTunes), this game is very similar in concept. Things like switching tracks, starting and stopping trains at certain points and keeping cows from getting … Read More
Tiki Towers 2 for iPhone 4 A Frustrating Romp Through a Monkey Island
Tiki Towers 2: Monkey Republic Rating: There is a saying that goes 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it' and this certainly appears to be the case with Tiki Towers 2: Monkey Republic which provides more of the same monkey taming action as the original Tiki Towers. The premise of the game hasn't changed, your task is too use a handful … Read More
Burn the Rope for iPhone A Red Hot Game that Entertains and Challenges
Burn the Rope Rating: Another puzzle game enters the App Store and not to confused with 'Cut the Rope' this is 'Burn the Rope' and is not related to the former. It's a puzzle game with a simple concept, easy controls and many levels so this should all add up to a great game right? Well let's see! The premise is … Read More
Ramps for iPhone [Quick Look]
You may have guessed from the title already that in the game of Ramps for iPhone you get to use a lot of, yes you've guessed it….ramps! Your challenge in Ramps is to use a given number of ramps to move a ball from it's entry point on the screen to it's exit point while meeting a number of challenges … Read More
Zlider for iPhone 4 New Puzzle Game That Will Intrigue and Challenge
Zlider Rating: Zlider is a fun action based puzzle game where your task is to control the environment to clear the path for a meteoroid that travels along a given line through to the end of the level. The environment that you have control over are the walls that have gaps in them that the meteoroid can pass through. The meteoroid … Read More
'Push Panic' for iPhone Panic Inducing Puzzle Game that is a Must Buy
Push Panic Rating: There are a plethora of match three type games in the App Store, this one however is a little different, as instead of being a match 3 game it's a match any number game and this makes it uniquely different. Throw in a handful of tetris and you will somewhere near to an understanding of what Push Panic … Read More
Miriel's Enchanted Mystery HD for iPad Yet Another Perfect Way to Spend Some Time
Miriel's Enchanted Mystery Rating: It's not even been 6 months since Miriel the Magical Merchant for the iPad was released to rave reviews, including from myself, and now the follow up has been released in the form of Miriel's Enchanted Mystery. If you're a fan of time management games then you know what you are getting with Miriel's Enchanted Mystery. While … Read More
Block Shooter A fun physics puzzle game for iPhone
Block Shooter Rating: Block Shooter developed by Wode Mobile is a great puzzle game that will keep you entertained and going back for another quick play. Save the blue blocks and shoot at the evil red ones to play the game. The game rules are easy to follow, on your screen you will find colored red blocks on a platform. You … Read More
Gem Hunt for iPhone A Game With Limited Value and Features
Gem Hunt Rating: Gem Hunt is a simple game of match where the aim of the game is pair up matching gems as the float around the screen. Sounds simple, and that's because it is. The game is paid for via in app ads these can be turned off via an in-app purchase but at the time of writing what the … Read More
Aqueduct 101 for iPhone 48 Levels of Plumbing Fun [Free]
Back in June this year we looked at Aqueduct for the iPhone, a puzzle game where you are challenged to complete a path between two points to enable a clear flow of liquid. We rated it at decent 4 out of 5 and enjoyed its smooth physics and challenging puzzles. Well now for those of you that are still unconvinced … Read More
Count Down To Christmas With 'Angry Birds Seasons' for iPhone
Angry Birds Seasons Rating: The countdown to christmas has begun and yet another great game has been updated to get you into the holiday mood. Developed by Rovio Angry Birds Seasons is the app for all the seasons of the year. The last one was Halloween and now they have added the Christmas theme. If you have played Angry Birds for … Read More
Tiki Totems 2 – A fun physics puzzle game for iPhone 4
Tiki Totems 2 Rating: Tiki Totems 2 is a great puzzle game that will have you gripped from the start. Keep the gods happy by clearing the blocks that are underneath the totem. Don't let it touch the ground though otherwise the gods will be angry and they will send hot burning lava on to your villagers. Created by Spokko, Tiki … Read More
Quick Look : Chrominance for iPhone
Chrominance is a new game where color combinations is the name of the game. Across a variety of levels you are tasked with combining a range of colored discs to the same color as the background by flicking them together across the iPhones screen. A short training session takes you through the basics including controls, combinations and power ups but … Read More
Aaah! Chompsters! for iPhone 4. A World of Chomping Monsters that Ultimately Lacks Bite
Aaah! Chompsters! Rating: If you enjoy using explosives to feed crocodile looking Chompsters with little monsters then this 60 level app could be just the game for you. Aaah! Chompsters! is a physics based puzzle game where the premise is exactly as mentioned in the previous sentence. There is no pre-amble to the game, instead you are instantly taken to the … Read More
Blood Runner for iPhone A Vampire Themed Platformer
Blood Runner Rating: Blood Runner by Fun On Your Cell is an addictive vampire platform game. You play the blood thirsty vampire trying to keep alive. You have ten seconds left of your life and to live any longer you need to find blood to quench your thirst and extend your life. Search the castle corridors and dungeons in search … Read More


text:
Age of Decadence - December Update
Vince has kicked up the December update for The Age of Decadence, announcing they will miss their target of getting the demo out in December - the good news is it's only a few weeks away, so it should be January.
Instead, we have some testimonials from the testers, so here's a snip from GhanBuriGhan:
Age of Decadence surprised me. As I wrote in the forums earlier, I was expecting a classic, Fallout-style RPG. I feel that at its heart, AoD is something different, although a lot of inspiration is certainly derived from these classics. It is, for me, a hybrid of classic RPGs and interactive fiction, and strikes me in some ways as a re-imagination of RPGs from the P&P template, tossing away many of the tried and true conventions of the genre – sometimes to great effect, sometimes to its own detriment.
Where I feel that AoD excels over any other game I played so far (admittedly there are some classics I still haven't played), is the sheer amount of alternate paths it provides through the game. A lot of love and thought have gone into that aspect, and I have very much enjoyed trying out different characters and skills just to see where it would take me. The Teron demo alone provides a lot of entertainment in that respect. However to appreciate it, you HAVE to replay. Some single playthroughs may be very short (I think you can breeze through the demo in < 30 minutes, maybe less, for some paths) and doing so may leave you wondering what the fuck just happened. It will only be after multiple playthroughs (both different backgrounds and different skillsets) that you start to see the whole story, and have a chance to appreciate the love and care that went into the branching story design.
Information aboutAge of Decadence
SP/MP: Single-player
Setting: Post-Apoc
Genre: RPG
Platform: PC
Release: Released


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I've just moved over to Samsung from HTC (Desire HD). One great feature I used to appreciate was the "Internet Pass-Through" which is kinda the opposite of tethering, where I was able to get internet from my PC onto my phone at times when there was no wireless available so I had to plud a cable in my PC to get internet, then by connecting my phone to the PC via cable, I was able to use the PC's internet connection on my phone, which was great for down loading all my RSS feeds and so on.
I've looked for this feature in my new SG S2 and could not find anything remotely like that. Is there a work around which can be done, or perhaps an app that does the same job?


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Moving a jail, adding museum space and assisting with a historic dinner train were among six projects approved for funding through the Natural and Cultural Heritage Grant Program on Wednesday by the Douglas County Commission.
Ken Grotewiel, chairman of the county's Heritage Conservation Council, presented the council's recommendations for the six projects, chosen from 10 applications. Grotewiel said the council placed added emphasis on projects that could be completed within the next year.
In all, the six projects will receive nearly $300,000 in partial funds to assist with the following historic preservation projects:
•$55,000 for renovations and development of the Eudora Community Museum.
•$100,000 for a core exhibit about Douglas County history at Watkins Museum of History.
• $45,000 for a museum addition at the Wakarusa River Valley Museum.
•$40,000 for relocating the 1892 Lecompton City Jail to city-owned property.
• $54,000 for assistance in building a Free State Dinner Train in Baldwin City by the Midland Railway Historical Association.
• $3,500 for renovations to the Clearfield School for the Clearfield Community Historical Society.
In 2011 — the first year of the program — the council provided funding to 10 historic projects.
Douglas County Commissioner Jim Flory provided the only dissenting votes in the approval process, objecting to funding the dinner train and Watkins Museum projects.
"It's not that I oppose the projects," said Flory, but he noted his consistent concerns about using county dollars for the program in the tight economic times.
Commissioner Nancy Thellman thanked the council for its work, noting the difficulty in choosing between the valuable projects.
"It's a tough assignment," she said.
Copyright 2017 The Lawrence Journal-World. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. We strive to uphold our values for every story published.


text:
Lots of New Yorkers and die-hard fans from around the world were lucky to witness the massive show that the godfathers of doom metal and all things heavy, Black Sabbath, put on this past Monday, 3/31 at Brooklyn's Barclays Center.
The show kicked off their "13" tour and the dudes killed it… Ozzy was bubbling with energy–his voice sounded amazing, Geezer and Iommi were shredding their insane riffs as tight as ever, and touring drummer, Tommy Clufetos (who is Ozzy's solo band drummer) was absolutely SICK. At one point he played a 5+ minute solo set and pretty much everyone was screaming and cheering–that guy is an animal! Although Bill Ward is definitely missed, Clufetos did an outstanding job playing.
Check out these photos our Republic crew, the media, and fans alike captured during this truly amazing, dynamic and unforgettable show… It's safe to say we all experienced technical ecstasy! (Ha.)
Click each image to check out/"like"/drool over the original posts and see who snapped the shots:
photo: republicrecords instagram
photo: Kevin Mazur/WireImage
photo: @sixofswords instagram
photo: @sixofswords instagram
photo: republicrecords instagram
@jomofo713 instagram
photo: @shaheen_bkh instagram
photo: George & Arty/St. Vitus Bar
Watch "God Is Dead" from their latest album 13!


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Patio Cover
1 Attachment(s)
I'm looking for some guidance on attaching a porch cover to a brick facade house. Not sure what is relevant but I'll give some background. The house is in Toronto, so snow is an issue. The house sits on about 24" of cinder block because of the basement and then turns into brick (I presume a facade as it is plaster and lathe inside). The wall I want it to attach too is single story but is quite high (partly because of the basement raising the height) and therefore I don't want the cover to tie into the existing roof line but to be secured maybe 24" below the existing roof line. The attached Sketchup pic should give a reasonable idea of the design. Approcimately 12' wide and extending 14' from the house. The plan is 6x6 posts and 2x6 joists.
The main issue is with the securing of the ledger board to the house. I have read a lot of information saying that because it is a facade, you can't just lag bolt into the brick, you have to hit the internal wood framing. Without ripping out the plaster inside the room, I have no clue how to transfer the framing placement successfully outside and then be accurate enough to hit every stud dead center. That just seems like a disaster waiting to happen. Nor am I keen to rip out a 12' by 6" section of brick to secure the ledger too. Does anyone know if code in Toronto allows epoxying threaded rods perhaps and bolting to those?
Another solution would be to make the structure freestanding and butt it up against the wall. However, it seems to me that even lag bolting to the wall would be more structurally sound then this just sitting on 4 posts? What stops it swaying in high winds? Are bolts only at the bottom enough to prevent this? If so, how do you dig footings for it so close to a basement wall, that seems dangerous too.
I am very confused as to what my options would be
Thanks for any help or guidance that could be provided
Cross bracing will take care of the stabilization of a free standing structure.
You'll need to upgrade the joists, as 2x6's with that span and a snow load won't be large enough. I'd be in the 2x10 range.
Thanks for the advice on the joist size Ron, I can go larger without any issues. If i go freestanding, presumable i move 12" or so from the wall and then cantilever the joists so the ledger (rim joist or whatever it becomes) appears to be touching the wall. then use flashing to cover the small gap.
Is there an issue using one of those augers that close to a basement wall?
Might be easier to remove the bricks and bolt the ledger to the framing.
I think you may be better of tying this porch to the existing roof line.
Your building inspector will most likely say something like this ;
Masonry veneer shall not support any vertical load other than the dead load of the veneer above..
So what if its 24" higher that you have originally anticipated + you don't have to worry about flashing...
Thanks, the reluctance to tie in to the existing roof was more of a cost thing than anything else. I am not that confident to start chopping up the existing roof myself, I can see that spiralling down into problems and me living in the doghouse for a few months :laughing:
And although she would give up her desired look for practicality, she wanted the porch roof to be tin.
However, either way, it looks like this is outside the scope of my own abilities, or at least some of it. I shall get a GC in and see whether they would be prepared to do the tricky part and leave me to do the rest
Thanks everyone
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text:
Case Study: Success Story of Google Search Engine
One of the most popular search engines is Google. Unknown to many, the term is coined by Milton Sirotta, the nephew of Edward Kasner who is an American Mathematician. The term is in reference with the number which is represented by the number 1 followed by 100 zeros. The same utilization of the term reflects the mission of the company to deliver immense and infinite resources to be available online.
The founders of the company, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, were not in good terms back then when they met as graduate students of computer science in Stanford University in 1995. They used to argue on everything that they are discussing. The strong personalities always clashed. But eventually, they have found a common ground. The retrieving of various yet important information from massive set data has been the big challenge that they were up to at that time. So, on January 0f 1996, they began the collaboration of BackRub, the name they have formulated because of the unique approach to back links to a given website. Larry procured the use of low-end PCs instead of the big yet very expensive machines. After a year, the news about the newest search engine spread around the campus. Then, they began to search for the perfection of their technology. They were encouraged to put up their service of a search engine company by themselves.
They talked to Andy Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of the Sun Microsystems, after the demo, he thought that Google has a lot of potential so he decided to lend them $100,000.… Read the rest


text:
The Dodgers Will Need Some MagicBy
Happy Wednesday, Los Angeles. Frank McCourt, the outgoing owner of your Dodgers, just pulled the fastest one on Hollywood since the screenplay for
Ishtar Gigli John Carter.
Last night, news broke that Lakers Hall-of-Famer and L.A. hero Earvin "Magic" Johnson and a group of fellow investors are shelling out $2.15 billion for the bankrupt Dodgers, a record price for an American professional sports team. "I am thrilled to be part of the historic Dodger franchise and intend to build on the fantastic foundation laid by Frank McCourt as we drive the Dodgers back to the front page of the sports section in our wonderful community of Los Angeles," Johnson said in an e-mailed statement from the team.
Last month, when I filed this story, the reach whisper number was $1.6 billion to $1.7 billion.
In 2004, Frank and Jamie McCourt, parvenu parking lot owners from Boston who were rebuffed in their efforts to buy the Red Sox and Angels, bought the Dodgers from News Corp. for something in the vicinity of $430 million—a ton of it with borrowed money. The McCourts proceeded to extract at least $100 million from the team to fund such essential capital expenditures as mansions and private jets, as well as the services of a $120,000-a-year hairstylist.
Things soured quickly when the couple divorced, and the team last year filed for bankruptcy. McCourt owes his estranged ex-wife $130 million. Amazingly, the Dodgers still managed to field the league's top pitcher, Clayton Kershaw, as well as triple-crown contender Matt Kemp. And despite plunging attendance—fans were in open mutiny last season as the sordid details of the divorce and bankruptcy sluiced out—every media conglomerate swarmed around to secure multidecade, multibillion-dollar TV rights to the team.
All of which enabled McCourt to flip the Dodgers for multiples of what he paid for it in 2004. (His attorney claimed he actually paid way, way less.) McCourt may collect more than $1 billion from the transaction after paying off all the Dodgers creditors and his ex-wife. And the parking lot owner from Boston will still get to be part owner of the Dodgers' valuable Chavez Ravine campus, which is ripe for residential and commercial development, and could even host the stadium for L.A.'s upcoming NFL franchise. Before the sale, Forbes magazine had appraised the Dodgers, their stadium, and parking lots at $1.4 billion, second in pro baseball only to the New York Yankees. With the deal, the magazine declared McCourt's the best return on investment of any pro baseball owner in history.
On to Magic Johnson and his team of investors. Fans should be both elated to have such a local sports hero as the new ownership face of the Dodgers—and frightened at the record price tag. Yes, Magic's deep-money backer is Mark Walter, chief executive of Guggenheim Partners, an investment shop that manages $125 billion in assets. But ROI hurdles do not much care about the feel-good nature of this story.
Will Magic & Co. offload some of their price-tag risk and build more Angeleno goodwill by selling a stake to fans, ie, the Stanley Stalford Solution? Will management beef up stadium security after last year's savage opening-day beating of a Giants fan? On the subject of beef, will the new owners upgrade the Stadium's once-legendary Dodger Dogs?
All of this will cost money. More money–$2.15 billion of which has already been committed to merely buying out Frank McCourt.
Meantime, hand it to Magic Johnson: he's quite the businessman. Movie megaplexes. Starbucks franchises. A former minority stake in the Lakers. No. 32 even owns the worth-its-weight-in-gold "Soul Train" library. Still, for all his local goodwill–and Magic has tons of it–LA will ultimately measure Johnson, the new, smiling face of the Dodgers, on his ability to resurrect this high–last felt in 1988.


text:
Bold Architect Selected to Define New Tech Campus
Thom Mayne, the architect behind Cooper Union's perforated metal building at 41 Cooper Square, has been selected to design the first academic building of the coming applied sciences campus on Roosevelt Island.
It will set the tone for the $2 billion CornellNYC Tech campus, which seeks to train engineers and entrepreneurs to staff the city's start-ups.
According to founding dean and provost Dan Huttenlocher, Mayne's Cooper Union building in the Village is an instructive example, because it faced some of the same challenges the new CornellNYC Tech campus will. "That building has engineers and scientists and artists and designers brought together into a common space," he explained. "Therefore, it really has to respect the different cultures of some different communities and bring them together in some interesting ways."
Talking to WNYC, Mayne said that this interdisciplinary mode of education has implications for architecture. "You're thinking of teaching no longer as within the limits of a classroom," Mayne explained. "The dialogue, student-student, student-faculty etc., takes place in a public space, on a stair… It really changes the notion of the spatial idea of [rooms]."
In addition to its function, Mayne said he sees two questions to consider in the building's design. The first is its site, across the East River from Manhattan, taking up most of the south side of Roosevelt Island. The second is its sustainability; it is supposed to be net-energy neutral.
How those questions impact appearance remains to be seen, Mayne said. The wait is not expected to be too long.
"We're going to be moving at the speed of light," he said. "Within three to four months we'll have an idea down."
The building is scheduled to be open and housing all of the new campus's academic programs in fall of 2017.


text:
Comedian Chuck Glass Does His Version of Breaking News? (Video/Tweets/Funny) 'Comedy Chronicles'
Photo credit | Chuck Glass
Comedian Chuck Glass's goes all CNN on you... Ok maybe more like Jon Stewart style.
Chuck talks about Glee, Roller coasters, & The Royal baby!
Just press play!
Check out these other KL blogs with Chuck Glass
Chuck Glass's Take On Delicious Soaps & Dr. Pepper MD
Chuck Glass..Minions..Channing Tatum..Ghostbusters 3
Facebook Surfing Is A Great Way To Start The Day
Chuck Glass In The Kitchen With Paula Dean?
Chuck brings it all together... Lion King vs. Darth Vader
Shenanigans are afoot at Wal-mart at 3am....video from Chuck
Chuck shares his thoughts on Amanda Bynes
Chuck talks about his thoughts on long lines & fixing America
Chuck talks about tells his halarious story about being pulled over
Chuck talks about Taylor Swift & Rihanna
Chuck talks about Justin Bieber & Selena Gomez
Chuck Glass | Social Media | Click Icons Below
CLICK HERE to listen - JAY Z mini mix!
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CLICK HERE to listen - ONE DIRECTION mini mix!CLICK HERE to listen - Pitbull mini mix!


text:
Dec. 6, 2013
KENT, Ohio – The University of Pittsburgh men's and women's track and field team turned in a strong showing on the first day of competition at the Golden Flash Gala. The majority of the field events and the 5,000-meter run were the main focus of Friday, while Saturday will center on the track events.
Andrew Wells highlighted day one of the meet for the Panthers, breaking the school record in the weight throw. Wells set his third school record of his career with a throw of 19.20-meters, placing fourth overall.
"The women threw well for opening up early but it was great to see Wells crushing the weight throw record," Assistant Coach-Throws Chip Brundage said. "He has a bright future here at Pitt and I am super proud of him and all his accomplishments. He's already set school records in the discus, hammer and now the weight throw."
Representing the women's side in the field events, Haley Springman set a career best in the weight throw, placing fifth overall. Brittany Lightfoot finished close behind in seventh with a throw of 17.04m, both Springman and Lightfoot posted ACC qualifying marks. In the jumps, Julia Koloski finished first in the long jump (5.73m), nearly topping her career best jump of 5.75m in the 2013 Big East Championships.
"It was exciting to see a school record performance from Wells in the weight throw," Head Coach Alonzo Webb said. "In the long jump, a first place finish from Koloski and a second place finish from freshman Chris Spadaro gets us off to a great start to the indoor season. This will hopefully lead to more top performances as the rest of the team gets going on Saturday."
The Golden Flash Gala resumes Saturday morning with the remainder of the track events. The final day of the competition is schedule to start at 10 a.m.


text: As St. Patrick's Day draws near, the Better Business Bureau reminds consumers to be cautious of claims they've won a pot of gold.Scammers use major holidays, big events and disasters as an opportunity to target consumers and lure them into scams.Sweepstakes scams are so popular because they play on consumer's emotions and dreams of financial freedom. Beware of winning offers with red flags such as: · People that ask for detailed personal information.· You don't remember entering a contest. · You're asked to forward a portion of the money received back to the sender or to another company to pay for taxes or shipping fees.The Better Business Bureau says to check out the business on bbb.org to check out the details of a company making an offer. Don't pay to collect winnings and be aware of look alikes. Many scammers use names of government agencies and well known organizations. They also say, if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.


text:
tc cen 04/2010 my roll no 00000000051678 sir results kab milega please send my email I'd firstname.lastname@example.com
|Name :
|Mobile Number (+91) :
|Email Id :
Railway Recruitment Board, Bangalore was set up in 1980. Railway Recruitment Board, Bangalore was assigned the task of recruitment of Group "C" staff under various categories for all the Railway establishments falling under its jurisdiction. RRB Bangalore is working under the Ministry of Railways, Government of India headed by Railway Recruitment Control Board / New Delhi. Railway recruitment Board, Bangalore is situated near Bangalore Cantonment Railway Station.
Railway Recruitment Board of Bangalore conducts objective type examination every year for Group 'C' posts for certain divisions of Indian Railways and recruit persons of merit in a fair and transparent manner.
Railway Recruitment Board of Bangalore invities application for various jobs from eligible candidates. The Railway Recruitment Board, Bangalore offers a wide range of placement services to its students through recruiters and Government Organization.
Railway Recruitment Board, Bangalore has declared the Commercial Clerks & Ticket Collector Stage II Written Exam Results2010.For vacancies in Railways, refer to weekly newspaper employment News, where vacancies in different zones are advertised through respective Employment Notifications. Railway Recruitment Board, Bangalore has published a TC/Commercial Clerk Recruitment hearing Results.
Receipt and scrutiny of applications for different eligibility criteria.
Listing of eligible candidates.
Fixing examination date and centre.
Issue of call letters to eligible candidates 30 days in advance of the date of examination.
Publishing through website the list of rejected applications with reasons for such rejection.
Holding of second stage written exam/skill test/aptitude test/interview as per the norms.
Verification of documents for the candidates qualified in all the stages of exam.
Reservation of Candidate for Railway Recruitment Board, Bangalore is according to Government Rules and Regulations.
Railway Recruitment Board Bangalore
18, Millers Road,
Bangalore – 560046.
Website: www.rrbbnc.gov.in
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com
Tele FAX: 080-23330378
Chairman: 080-23333453
Member Secretary: 080-23330378
RRB Bangalore TC/Commercial Clerk Results 2010 click on it
To know about Bangalore Railway Recruitment Board click on it
Related Tags: RRB Bangalore, Railway Recruitment Board Bangalore, RRB Bangalore 2010, Railway Recruitment Board Bangalore, RRB Bangalore 2010 Vacancies, Railway Recruitment Board Bangalore Job Vacancies
naasir published on May 11, 2017, 04.21pm IST
tc cen 04/2010 my roll no 00000000051678 sir results kab milega please send my email I'd email@example.com
sanjeeb published on Sep 06, 2015, 10.42pm IST
Sir. Atestaion form arrived to me before two months. Sir give me advise for next action. My roll no is 00000000000849. post CC CEN-04/2010 MY EMAIL ID. email@example.com
tallstar published on Dec 27, 2014, 07.04pm IST
When will you published the result of standby list candidate in the notification no is 04/2010
lilly published on Feb 24, 2014, 12.38pm IST
when will result announcing sir? tell me about c group tc/cc result. exam date 19/1/2014.
rony published on Feb 06, 2014, 12.31pm IST
i am ranjish m i had written the rrb written test held on 22/09/13 pleas infomed email@example.com
zakaria published on Nov 18, 2013, 07.35pm IST
i have applied for TC in south western railways at bangalore division post at 2009 2010 i got letter at call letter at september/4 2013 at jalhalli croos BL composite college still i di"nt got my result so please help me
rony published on Oct 10, 2013, 11.06am IST
Good morning sir my dayananda 04 2010 0109 2013 Commercial clerks results kab milega sir plz send my mail dayapoojare16@ gmail.com
lilly published on Sep 06, 2013, 12.02pm IST
When will we expect the result of RRB Bangalore CEN-04/2010
jonathan published on Aug 31, 2013, 05.33pm IST
hi sir,this is Kavitha c,i ve applied for tc/commercial clerk in 2010,bt i ve not recived call letter or rejection letter.plz intimate me the reason behind it.Im doing my pg in chemistry,if thre are any vacancies of degree or master degree.thank you
randyfalco published on Aug 14, 2013, 08.08pm IST
01/09/2013 will get exam in all over india
aishwarya1988 published on Jun 19, 2013, 06.29pm IST
when written exam will be held rrb bangalore CEN no. 04/2010 group c
zakaria published on Oct 14, 2012, 03.45pm IST
when the written exam will be conducted employment notice no. 04/2010 for the commercial clerks and ticket checking category
tallstar published on Jul 18, 2012, 04.29am IST
my name ravindra babu k. n. had written test in rrb bangalore and roll no 14071322039961 and had not got any result from rrb please tell the result. thanking you.
albart published on Sep 15, 2011, 08.55am IST
pls wen the result is announcing (19.12.2010) for junior engg 83..., pls inform to my mail id pls pls firstname.lastname@example.com
hrithik143 published on Sep 10, 2011, 12.16pm IST
when the written exam will be conducted employment notice no. 04/2010 for the commercial clerks and ticket checking category
genelia published on Aug 02, 2011, 12.39pm IST
manohara s send me result of grade III 30-1-2010 . email@example.com
claira published on Aug 02, 2011, 12.37pm IST
please send me results 31/01/2010 of grade III Signal oprator my reg no is 14109021000854
christy published on Jul 05, 2011, 04.53am IST
Hi sir This is meghana i had written rrb exam held on 19/12/2010 in bangalore, CEN05/2010 43 junior engineer-II(P,Way). if results announced plz inform me to my email id:firstname.lastname@example.com This is my humble request sir, it would be of great held plz do needful, Thank u Sir,
salmaan published on Jun 08, 2011, 11.48am IST
announce the rrb result held on 19/12/2010 please . every one is waiting for the result bangalore
preeti published on Jun 05, 2011, 05.03am IST
i had written the rrb written test held on 19/12/2010 . cen 05 . 64 junior engg. please if the result announced inform in to my mail email@example.com


text:
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text:
Martinez-Burns Preview
By Graham Houston
Photos: Joel A Colon/PR Best Boxing
Home advantage will help Scot Ricky Burns when he challenges junior lightweight champion Roman "Rocky" Martinez in Glasgow on Saturday, but the heavy hitting champion from Puerto Rico has won in Britain before.
The fight, on the same show as John Simpson's featherweight bout with unbeaten prospect Stephen Smith, is intriguing, and promoter Frank Warren has delivered a strong double-header to launch the new season of weekly fights on Sky Sports in the U.K. although the switch from Fridays to Saturdays means that European boxing fans will now be faced with fights clashing on TV on a Saturday night. (The Felix Sturm-Giovanni Lorenzo fight in Germany will be televised at around the same time as the Sky show, for instance).
Martinez is unbeaten, and he is the puncher in the fight. He captured the title by stopping Nicky Cook in the fourth round in Manchester in March 2009 — but he will face a different type of atmosphere this time.
When Martinez stopped Cook the fight wasn't the main event and he was meeting a Londoner on almost neutral ground in the northwest of England. The crowd's passion will be on a much higher level on Saturday as Martinez takes to the ring to meet a Scottish boxer in one of Scotland's most celebrated arenas, one that is steeped in boxing history.
Martinez is an aggressive, heavy-handed and competent fighter but he is not one of the elite champions. Cook almost dropped Martinez in the second round and was outboxing him before the Puerto Rican suddenly turned things around with big punches in the fourth.
Cook, though, was always looking a punch away from being in trouble — he had what I would call a "could go" look about him even when he was scoring well.
Burns, 27, is a quick, clever boxer who is on an impressive run of 13 successive wins. He can punch quite well, but obviously Burns is not a seriously hard hitter, with seven stoppage wins in 30 bouts. He has acknowledged in interviews that he knows it is not in his best interests to get involved in a toe-toe-toe fight with Martinez. Burns will be seeking to box and move, jabbing, keeping his hands up, perhaps standing his ground in spots. If Burns can get right into the fight and start winning rounds, with the crowd roaring every time he lands a scoring blow, he has a good chance of scoring an upset.
The problem I have with Burns, though, is that he has sometimes looked shaky under pressure. Even in his win over Kevin O'Hara, Burns looked uncomfortable when the underdog from Belfast was taking the fight to him. Burns also struggled a bit — and even had a point deducted for holding — in his fight with Michael Gomez, a worn-out veteran, but he managed to land a series of hard punches to win in the seventh round.
Martinez is likely to be taking the fight to Burns from the start, trying to impose his authority on the bout with superior firepower. The 27-year-old Puerto Rican fighter is difficult to discourage. He moves in with hands up and uses the jab to get in range for the heavy hooks and right hands, and he is dangerous with the left uppercut. Burns can no doubt score with the jab, right hand and bursts of punches, but Martinez is the stronger, more powerful fighter. If Burns had his hands full with Kevin O'Hara he is surely going to be feeling the strain of keeping away from Martinez while scoring enough points to put rounds in the bank.
Often, though, a fighter can rise to the occasion in a big fight, with a partisan crowd behind him. Martinez looked quite beatable in his fight with Feider Viloria, an unexceptional Colombian who was very much in the fight for eight rounds with a boxing, moving style, only to be overpowered in the ninth. Burns can do well with his boxing ability, but can he keep Martinez at bay? As of now, six days out from the fight, I'm leaning Martinez's way but the site could be very important. There could be some twists and turns in this plot. I will probably post a nearer-the-fight update for subscribers.
Visit fightwriter.com


text: Every Thursday, the Tweede Kamer decides which topics will be dealt with at next week's meetings. The Registry & Registration Office draws up the agenda and notifies the Ministers and State Secretaries who are required to attend the meeting. They also make a long term schedule and compile voting lists, which make it clear to the MPs what bills, amendments and motions will be voted on and when. The text of each bill or amendment submitted by an MP is checked and assessed by the Legislation Office. Is the text structured correctly? Does the proposed regulation meet the juridical standards? Once the bills have been adopted by the Tweede Kamer, the Office of the Secretary-General forwards them to the Senate, the Eerste Kamer.


text:
"The Sebring is an extraordinary car. Ugly to behold and hateful to drive, it is not cheap, elegant, comfortable, practical, prestigious, clever, economical, luxurious, well designed, well thought out or, if the rental car I drove in America this year is anything to go by, especially well made either." - Jeremy Clarkson
drive them back to back.
you'll get it.
Scumbag OP:
Offers R32
Can only be driven in the summer.
Sometimes I wish polls were defaulted to show who voted for what
summer only ?
but then i can only goto grocery store and not buy any, as my trunk won't fit anything lol
Really wish I was 2 inches shorter so I could fit in an S2k though... I test drove one 5-6 years ago and my knees were jammed under the steering wheel. Made it difficult to shift gears and steer, and the sales guy looked at me like but oh man it was fun to drive.. le sigh.
S2k hands down
Also apples bananas
S2000 all day everyday
The S2000 is a little too small for me. It is a fun car, but the Golf is a better size for daily, even in the summer. I'd rock it year round, but then again... Honestly, the TT 225TQ is a better compare to the S2000...
As soon as daily driver comes in to the eqaution it can only be the R32. I test drove an S2000 and in heavy traffic it was by far the least fun to drive car that I have ever driven. Constantly rowwing the gears and getting smoked by milk trucks off the line. On the back roads or at a track day event the car would be a blast but due to the DD in the OP's statement I have to side with the R. Plus I've always wanted the R.
I've had both a 2002 S2000 and a OEM+ 2004 GTI 1.8t... and although not an R32, the usage and reliability still applies...
Given the budget I voted for the S2000, simply because I think you'd get a more reliable, more fun to drive car based on the prices of those two cars here (Northern California). Most R32's in that price range, in this area, are high mileage... something that I would not want in any VW.
That said, if we are talking hypotheticals here, and mileage and year are the same, I would pick the R32. I'm 6'2", 175lbs, and even with modified seat rails and a hard top, I never fit well in the S2000. It drives like a go-kart, like it was designed to be... but it also rides like a go-kart, and that got old, especially during the morning commute. Some people will tell you that they can get a trunk full of small crap in a small car and that's supposed to be impressive... well try getting anything larger than a 12 pack of beer in it and then come talk to me. Yes, you can go to the store with it, but you have to be crafty with everything you buy... every... time... Also, like someone else already said, the powerplant leaves much to be desired when not driving the wheels off of it. One time, I distinctly remember thinking about how many shifts it took for me to accelerate to 45 mph while next to an Accord that seemed to effortlessly float to the same speed. If you're not pushing it to the v-tech line, it's essentially a dx civic. The S2000 makes an amazing car as a second vehicle, and if that was an option for me, mine would still be in the garage.
The R32 is pretty much the best of all worlds. It's relatively quick, handles decently, can move a small apartment with one, and it has a rare quality that is always redeeming. It doesn't do any one thing really well, but it's a good all around GT car for those of us with lives outside of "track days". Not that it would be my first choice of car in this contest, but given your choices, this is how I see it.
Last edited by jayownz; 08-15-2012 at 02:33 PM.
Demokratikally Elekted Director of Espionage and Identity Theft and Minister of post-progressive-technical-melodic-avant-garde-metal for the Independent People's Republik of Offtopikstan
My 16v Swap thread
At 6'6" I don't fit in a s2000. R all the way


text:
|© MLB Advanced Media, L.P. All rights reserved.
Hillsboro Hops Announce 2013 Coaching Staff01/24/2013 1:24 PM ET
Hillsboro Hops
Hillsboro, OR (Jan. 24, 2013) - The Class A Short-Season Hillsboro Hops announced their 2013 coaching staff today. The Hops will be led by Manager Audo Vicente, who has managed in the Arizona Diamondbacks organization for five seasons.
Vicente will be joined by former Cy Young Award winner and 13-year MLB vet Doug Drabek as the club's pitching coach. J.R. House, who played parts of five seasons with the Pirates, Astros and Orioles will begin his second season as hitting coach following a promotion from Rookie Missoula.
Hillsboro native and former Colorado Rockies catcher Ben Petrick will serve on the Hops coaching staff as Consultant for the Arizona Diamondbacks. Petrick will assist the young men playing for the Hops in acclimating to life as a professional baseball player.
The Hillsboro Hops will play their first season in Oregon after moving from Yakima, Washington. The Yakima Bears went 36-40 overall last season and 21-17 in the first half, clinching a first-half playoff berth, the first in club history.
The Hops will begin their 38-game regular season on Friday, June 14th with a three-game series against the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes in Salem. The Hops will make their home debut in their new state-of-the-art stadium in Hillsboro on Monday, June 17th when they play host to Eugene Emeralds for a three-game series. For a complete 2013 Hillsboro Hops schedule, click here.
Hillsboro Hops season tickets are ON SALE NOW by calling 503.640.0887 or by going online here.
About Hillsboro Hops:


text:
Weight troubles with Duddy?
By Robert Hughes
Photos: Robert Hughes
A less-than-cheery John Duddy did not like being asked Thursday evening if he was going to win Saturday's bout with Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. "No, I'm here to lose," Duddy snapped at this reporter in a hotel elevator. "Of course I'm going to win, what kind of question is that?"
Meanwhile, Chavez Jr. was in the lobby with dozens of fans and chatting with his father, the great Mexican champion Julio Cesar Chavez, when FightNews asked the fighter the same question. Chavez Jr. responded with a more diplomatic statement about being in shape and being well prepared. And then he said, in his best English: "I think he's having a problem."
"Like he's overweight?" asked Fightnews.com.
"Yes," Chavez Jr. said.
Duddy was unavailable for a followup comment to the accusation that he was overweight.
Chavez Jr- Duddy will battle this Saturday for the vacant WBC Silver middleweight title in the main event on Top Rank's 'Latin Fury 15' card. The pay-per-view event also showcases the living legend Marco Antonio Barrera in a ten-round lightweight fight against hardcore veteran Adailton De Jesus. Several more bouts are scheduled.


text: Zenergy Collection Silver Anorak Jacket Style: 570105699 Out of Stock Love it? Everyone else did too. This item sold out! Use our search tool, chat online or call 1.888.855.4986 to find something equally desirable. It's your time to shine in a lightweight silvery jacket. The longer length flatters your figure without adding bulk. Ruched elastic inserts at the side waist streamline the silhouette. Hand pockets. Length: 24" to 27". 83% polyester, 17% nylon. Unlined. Machine wash. Imported. Read More… Share on Facebook Tweet Pin