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This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs with posttranscriptional regulatory functions. To date, more than 600 human miRNAs have been experimentally identified, and estimated to regulate more than one third of cellular messenger RNAs. Accumulating evidence has linked the dysregulated expression patterns of miRNAs to a variety of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and viral infections. MiRNAs provide its particular layer of network for gene regulation, thus possessing the great potential both as a novel class of therapeutic targets and as a powerful intervention tool. In this regard, synthetic RNAs that contain the binding sites of miRNA have been shown to work as a "decoy" or "miRNA sponge" to inhibit the function of specific miRNAs. On the other hand, miRNA expression vectors have been used to restore or overexpress specific miRNAs to achieve a long-term effect. Further, double-stranded miRNA mimetics for transient replacement have been experimentally validated. Endogenous precursor miRNAs have also been used as scaffolds for the induction of RNA interference. This article reviews the recent progress on this emerging technology as a powerful tool for gene regulation studies and particularly as a rationale strategy for design of therapeutics.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of short non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. They have been found in a variety of organisms including viruses [
At the present time, although the biological functions of miRNAs are not completely revealed, a growing body of evidence implicates that miRNA pathway is a new mechanism of gene regulation in both normal and diseased conditions and therefore investigation of miRNA biogenesis and function may add new tools for gene functional study and drug development. In this article, we will briefly review the structure, biogenesis and basic mechanism of action of miRNAs identified in higher organisms and viruses and then focus on the recent progress in research for drug development using the miRNA strategy. In addition, we also briefly discuss the certain drawbacks, challenges and future directions on drug development using miRNA as a target or a gene silencing tool.
In human, the majority of miRNAs (70%) are transcribed from introns and/or exons, and approximately 30% are located in intergenic regions [
The first step of miRNA maturation in the nucleus, as shown in
The mature miRNA then directs
More than six hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in human but currently, only a handful of specific targets have been experimentally validated. As predicted by bioinformatical analysis, a single miRNA can potentially target different mRNAs through imperfect base complementarity [
The initial evidence that miRNAs play a collaborating role in cancer came from a study on chronic lymphocytic leukemia [
Some miRNAs are upregulated in tumors versus normal tissues and thus may act as oncogenes [
By measuring the expression of human miRNAs in cancer samples, Lu and Volinia et al found that the pattern of miRNA expression varies dramatically across tumor types. Although miR-15a and miR-16-1 are down-regulated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which is consistent with their postulated tumor suppressor function [
MiRNAs are becoming increasingly recognized as important regulators of heart function. It has been shown that expression of many miRNAs is altered in heart disease and that different types of heart disease are associated with distinct changes in miRNA expression [
MiRNA regulation has also been implicated in virus-induced diseases. On one hand, cellular miRNA expression may confer host immunity against viral infections; on the other hand, viruses may have evolved to utilize miRNA machinery for their replication advantage. The example of the former came from the study of retroviruses primate foamy virus (PFV) in the human embryonic kidney cell line 293T, which showed that human miR-32 inhibits PFV replication by impairing the translation of viral mRNAs bearing target sequences [
In analogy to transcription factors but with opposing suppressive effect, miRNAs provide a particular layer of network for gene regulation of a broad spectrum of biological pathways through fine-tuning protein expression levels and dampening stochastic perturbations of expressed genes. As aforementioned, aberrant cellular miRNAs expression is causally associated with a variety of diseases, and the virus-encoded miRNAs can modulate host immune responses and benefit viral pathogenicity. This implies that miRNAs have great potential to be developed as a novel class of therapeutic targets. To this end, methods for altering the levels of miRNA expression have been adapted from existing gene therapy and RNAi technologies, where synthetic siRNAs molecules have been routinely used to inactivate gene expression in mammalian cells. Specific knockdown of the target miRNAs by anti-miRNA oligonucleotides, or overexpression of miRNA duplex by transfection of vectors encoding this structure has been conducted both
In addition, although siRNAs or shRNAs have been widely used as the gene-silencing molecules, and even a few siRNAs are starting to enter clinical trials [
Modified anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), also designated as "antagomirs", are currently the most readily available tools for miRNA inhibition [
In several pioneer studies, the efficiency and significance of various AMOs have been examined and validated by the model that ablates the liver-enriched miR-122 in living mice upon administering the specially developed AMOs [
In another study, Esau
The third type of AMOs, Locked nucleic acid (LNA), are oligonucleotides that contain one or more nucleotide building blocks in which an extra methylene bridge fixes the ribose moiety either in the C3′-endo or C2′-endo conformation. This modification has provided the oligonucleotides with superior affinity, mismatch discrimination, low toxicity, and increased metabolic stability [
Nevertheless, effective delivery into target tissues remains a major hurdle for RNAi therapy including the applications of antagomirs and synthetic miRNA duplexes (see section 3.3), before they can be tried clinically [
In addition to direct targeting the mature miRNA with ASOs, an alternative way for inhibiting miRNA is to down-regulate components of the miRNA biogenesis pathway, thereby reducing mature miRNA levels [
Currently, there is no RNAi silencing method available for stable inhibition of specific miRNAs because the mature miRNA in
By adopting the principle of miRNA competitive inhibitors, and possibly inspired by the reporter assay method which are routinely used in identification of miRNA target, Ebert et al [
Previously, an mRNA decoy under the same principle has been designed and applied in the research of miR-133 in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy [
Appropriate usage of the principle of this approach in gene therapy research has enhanced the specificity and avoided immune response during long-term transgene expression [
As a single cellular miRNA may regulate hundreds of genes, in addition to the miRNA-specific interference, approaches that merely interfere with the regulation of a particular miRNA on a particular gene may also be required for miRNA therapeutic application. Xiao et al explored the possibility of utilizing miRNA's principle of actions in a gene-specific manner by a miRNA-masking antisense approach [
As discussed above, restoring the levels of the altered miRNA expression can be achieved either by using vector overexpressing a specific miRNA or by transient transfection of double-stranded miRNAs. For example, for miRNAs whose expression is downregulated during disease like cancers, restore of the mature miRNA levels in the disease tissue could provide a therapeutic benefit by reinstating the regulation of target gene(s). The synthetic siRNA and cellular mature miRNA duplex actually are functionally interchangeable in terms of
To achieve more persistent miRNA replacement, transgene approach is necessary. The specific miRNAs can be enforcedly expressed from a plasmid or viral vector with either polymerase II or III promoter upstream of a short hairpin RNA, which is then processed into mature miRNA by
High level of the shRNAs from Pol III ensures effective target knockdown; but on the other hand, it may saturate the exportin-5 pathway of endogenous miRNAs leading to off-target effects with fatal consequences [
Various studies have further substantiated the potential and flexibility of overexpressing miRNAs with such pri-miR-Pol II transgene system. It is easy to express multiple miRNAs from one transcript by this system. One good example is the miR-155-expressing vector from which multiple same or different miRNAs can be expressed at the same time in a single polycistronic transcript, which resulted in enhanced silencing effect [
Endogenous pri-miRNAs (or pre-miRNAs) have also been used as scaffolds for the induction of RNA interference, which exhibited the advantage on specificity and efficacy over conventional shRNAs. As aforementioned, a limitation for developing siRNA or shRNA therapy is the possibility of triggering nonspecific interferon responses, which come from the activation of the dsRNA Toll-like receptor TLR3 [
To date, the well-defined endogenous miR-26a [
Besides specificity and efficiency, another important advantage of this RNAi approach is that pri-miRNA scalffolds under Pol II promoters enable the tissue specific and inducible expression. By placing the miRNA scaffold under the control of heat shock-inducible promoter, a miRNA-based conditional RNAi expression system was constructed and it induced conditional gene silencing in response to stress in mammalian cells [
Lastly, the miRNA-based RNAi triggers can realize multiple gene knockdowns, which may be necessary to overcome isoform-redundancy in the cell or escape variants during virus infection. A platform using Pol II promoter-driven expression of miRNA-based RNAi triggers which permits robust depletion of multiple target genes from a single transcript has been developed and applied in research on cAMP-dependent transcription [
With the lax requirement of partial complementarity for targeting, artificial miRNAs can also be designed for a specific set of target mRNAs on demand, which was firstly proposed by Zhang and colleagues [
MiRNA as a novel arm of gene expressional regulation tool has been widely used in gene functional studies of a variety of fields. More importantly, as an emerging technology, it has the great potential to be employed in drug development. Recent advances in the miRNA research have provided us more insights and improved understanding towards miRNA biogenesis, function and particularly their association with molecular pathogenesis of a variety of complex diseases including cancer, heart diseases, chronic viral infections, immune disorders, neurodegenerative disease and metabolic diseases. Currently, the identified oncogenic miRNAs, and viral encoded miRNAs, which are key factors for viral replication and latency, are the ideal targets for developing therapeutics. Moreover, understanding the miRNA signature in susceptible individuals including their expression profiles, dynamics, and even miRNA target variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) may eventually enable the miRNA-based individual-specific therapy, as well as disease diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, siRNA/miRNA specific delivery to target cell populations using approaches of nanobiotechnology is just beginning and looks promising. In a word, with the development in miRNA field, these small molecules could be an invaluable tool for various areas of basic and applied research and, more importantly, for therapeutic intervention.
This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of BC and Yukon. Zhen Liu is supported by a Doctoral Research Award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Dr. Alhousseynou Sall is supported in part by a CIHR/IMPACT postdoctoral fellowship.


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101 - 120 of 820 Comments Last updated Mar 25, 2016
#104 Sep 29, 2012
#105 Sep 29, 2012
So because she mentions God once she's jamming religion down your throat right? Guess that applies to the woman whose "prayers" go out to the families too huh? Don't shit on people who are actaully contributing to this thread unlike your ignorant ass... You obviously don't care about the girl or both families.
#106 Sep 29, 2012
This happens because these podunk towns place incredible emphasis on these kids "sports careers" and graduate idiots. The people born here are a little slow to start off with and about all they ever seem talk about is "football" - "Saranac drunk night" and "who farts the best" and of course "coach toughguy wars" for the coach with the biggest mouth and attitude debate, from the sounds of it. This is about the pinnacle of intelligence for the area so it is no wonder 99.9% of these people end up in debt or living paycheck to paycheck or like this punk here, nobody wants to give "hockey heroes" and football kings a job outside of a prison or cheese police department smelling a dog's ass for 20 years and abusing people they LOVE to hire neanderthals with tempers like this show me where that's not true.
The girl out grew the punk and probably was on to bigger better things if you catch the drift and hamfist NH sports king boy couldn't handle it, or college for that matter.
If only he had waited till he became a NH cop or a Trooper he would do a few weeks and walk if history is any guide how these people work up here! You build these kids up with this paper superiority and they freak when they finally realize life will pass them by. Just like Alexa was in the process of passing this jerkoff by! You do it to yourselves. Raise your kids to excel at hitting a rubber puck instead of math, science. history and humanity then don't be surprised when this is the glory they get after they end up left in the dust by the life they wanted and "expected". Have another round and sleep it off new hickford!
#107 Sep 29, 2012
So sad and sick about this.I first met Alex when she was a toddler and she had the sweetest,happiest little face.This is heartbreaking,How could this happen?
#108 Sep 29, 2012
In 2011, he was arrested in FL for disorderly intoxication. WKTV aka Y-Watch-2 (YNN is so much better) STILL has him on their Athlete of the Week page. DISGUSTING!
#109 Sep 29, 2012
And it is not your place to judge anyway. It is Gods. May he teach you to control your tongue and fingertips
#110 Sep 29, 2012
Ignorant ass? You lick your wife's ditch with that mouth?!
#111 Sep 29, 2012
That's the wrong Alexandra Kogut.
#112 Sep 29, 2012
You write well for someone with downs syndrome
#113 Sep 30, 2012
Really Parricia????? you are a ignorant POS.
#114 Sep 30, 2012
Looking forward to a new cellmate. CP--sing sing prison
#115 Sep 30, 2012
If that is true then your parents failed you. Look at your intelligence level. There have been many studies with regards to nature vs nurture.
It really doesn't matter. There are kids who are brought up in poor/abusive/ ect families that turn out to be responsible productive humans and those who are brought up in a loving caring responible home that turn out severly troubled.
Example: 2 parents have more than 1 child. Each child is brought up in the same manner. Each child has a different personality, likes, talents.
Easy to always blame the parents but not true.
#116 Sep 30, 2012
They ARE very conservative. Hopefully they will go heavy. If it was a different situation of just abuse or protective order they would have let him off easy. Monore County is known to give 10 chances and drag things out. Their jails are over crowded and give the criminals a hundered chances and schedule and reschulde over and over so it plays out over a L-O-N-G period of time.
United States
#117 Sep 30, 2012
There's a special place in hell for Mr. Whittamore.
#118 Sep 30, 2012
Religious crap...? I will have you know I am not a church going person, but I have faith. Not trying to push religion down anyone's throat. Could care less who believes in God and who does not. As to answer your question, "where the hell was your God last night?" I do not know. But I can tell you this, it is not God who does these horrific things. It is people, and the devil who tricks them. May the Lord forgive you for being so judgemental. and know that society brainwashes us all!
United States
#119 Sep 30, 2012
Brockport had a candlelight vigil for Alex last night. Lets all say a little prayer for this beautiful young lady. Rest in peace Alex.
#120 Sep 30, 2012
Its Sunday morning and I cannot believe this is the page I clicked on this morning. I suppose I am looking for some shread of decency on here towards both families, and all I seem to be reading is garbage with a few bright spots. The bottom line is this people. Clayton was a wonderful hockey player in hs, is a son to parents who love him, a brother to his siblings, friend to others, and a boyfriend to one little girl who is no longer with us. And it appears as if he is responsible for her death. I cannot imagine or swallow the hardships and pain of both families for Clayton's wrong doing. But, He is a human being with ups and downs like all of us. None of us know the facts except those that were in the room that terrible night. As for Alex and her family, I can only imagine they will not have peace for a long time. And if you believe in God or not, say a prayer for them or do whatever it is you do when in need. Both these families need he support of their friends, family and community. Not us on here posting and argueing. New Hartford is a safe, clean, near crime free place to live. I know, I grew up there, have traveled, and miss the little town. People who live there are not scum, thugs, or anything like that. Most are married still, have good jobs, and raise their children well. But kids do what they want no matter how well you raise them. Clayton was not a spoiled kid, or entitled, as some have said. And Alex did not deserve what happened to her. There are two sides to this story. Two victims, and of course the families are victims as well. It would behoove everyone to try to imagine yourself in the position of both sides. If you were Alex's parents, how would you feel? Pissed off...? Revengeful...? In immense pain...? Wanting Clayton to pay for the rest of his life...? IF you were Clayton's parents, how would you feel. Shocked...? Hurt...? Curious as to how your son could do such a thing...? Remorse...? None of us know how either parents feels. None of us know what went on, exactly between these two young people over the course of their relationship. All we know for sure is that they were dating, the young lady has lost her life, and Clayton is most likely responsible and has apparently admitted to it. But Passing judgment is not our job on either side. Pull together people. Show respect for you and everyone else. No one knows what goes on in anyone elses life to make them behave and do what they do. The passing judgement needs to cease, for the sake of both families. Send cards, love, support and prayers, not insults and opinions about something none of us really knows about.
Kogut Family: I did not know your daughter, but my children did. We send our love and support to all of you during this time. May her memory live on forever. Our prayers are with you. Stay strong.
Whittemore Family: Sandy, I am praying for you. I wish I was back in NH to pay my respects to Alex, and hug you. Do not blame yourself for this. My prayers are with you. Stay stong.
May peace and love find both of your families, and your children.
This is my last post.
#121 Sep 30, 2012
So much for all those early morning getups to take your prized all star hockey player to practice and traveling hours to go to a game all to have your prized all star son go on a steroid rage and beat the hell out of his girlfriend. Some of these sports towns put these dirtbags on pedestals. Thats why they all have egos the size of sky scrapers.As a father of a daughter I feel for the families and the victim and I hope he gets life and enjoys his cellmate ... No steroids in prison... just bubba..
#122 Sep 30, 2012
Carson is a scum bag low life
#123 Sep 30, 2012
Alex Kogut was a standout swimmer, just as good at her sport as Mr.Jerk hockey player was at his.
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text: New York - Microsoft posted its first ever loss on Thursday, shedding $492m in the fourth quarter due to a massive $6.2bn write-down to reflect the slump in value of its online operations.Microsoft still recorded an annual profit of $16.98bn and said the results reflected "solid revenue growth and rigorous cost discipline."The computing giant had announced earlier this month it would take the $6.2bn write-down, which is required by accounting rules and does not affect the company's cash position.Taking out one-time charges, Microsoft showed a profit of 73 cents a share, well ahead of Wall Street expectations of 62 cents.Revenue also beat expectations, rising four percent to $18bn in the quarter to June 30. For the full year, revenues were up five percent at $73.7bn."We delivered record fourth quarter and annual revenue, and we're fast approaching the most exciting launch season in Microsoft history," said chief executive Steve Ballmer.The company is preparing to release Windows 8, the next version of its market leading operating system and a new tablet computer, while making an aggressive move into smartphones.Microsoft shares rose 2.14% to $31.32 in after-hours electronic trades. The fourth quarter losses stemmed from a charge reflecting a write-down related to the 2007 acquisition of digital advertising firm aQuantive.Microsoft announced the deal in August 2007 in a bid to seize market share from rivals Yahoo and Google in the lucrative market that tailors advertising to internet search results.Windows remains the dominant platform for personal computers, but it has lost ground to Google and Apple in newer devices, which use rival operating systems.The company's search and online services have struggled, but its Xbox gaming system has become the hottest in the industry.In its latest results, business services accounted for $6.3bn in revenue and $4.1bn in operating profits. Windows showed an operating profit of $2.4bn on $4.1bn in revenue.But the entertainment unit showed an operating loss of $263m on revenues of nearly $1.8bn. And online services suffered a whopping loss of $6.6bn, taking the hit from the write-down, and had revenues of just $735m."For the company the size of Microsoft it is a relative blip on the radar," said Forrester analyst Michael Greene."The question is whether they learn from the prior mistakes, and Microsoft has a pattern of doing that."The write-down may indicate that the company is shifting its strategy on earning revenue from online services to focus more on partnerships.The earnings figures overall showed Microsoft is under pressure to hit the mark with sales of Windows 8 and its next-generation Office software, according to independent Silicon Valley analyst Rob Enderle.Windows 8 will be publicly available on October 26.It "is simply the biggest deal for this company in at least 17 years," Microsoft chief Ballmer said last week, referring to the time since the launch of the game-changing Windows 95 operating system."It's the glue; it's the foundation of everything Microsoft is built on."The latest version of the operating system that is the norm for personal computers will also be used on many smartphones and tablet computers, including Microsoft's own Surface tablet.The company has gone on record stating that Surface tablets would hit the market when Windows 8 became publicly available.


text: SANTA CLARA, Calif., Oct. 30, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- OmniVision Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: OVTI), a leading developer of advanced digital imaging solutions, today announced the OV8835, a powerful 8-megapixel CameraChip solution for smartphones and tablets. The OV8835 is built on a new and improved OmniBSI-2 pixel architecture that offers best-in-class pixel performance and enables full resolution 8-megapixel high speed photography at 30 frames per second (FPS) and 1080p/30 or 720p/60 high-definition (HD) video. These performance and functionality improvements make the OV8835 an ideal upgrade for next-generation smartphones and tablets. (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20121030/SF02106) "Industry research projects that 8-megapixel cameras will continue to enjoy a dominant position in the mobile device market in the foreseeable future," said Vinoo Margasahayam, senior product marketing manager at OmniVision. "To stay at the forefront of this trend, OmniVision developed a leading-edge 8-megapixel image sensor for smartphones and tablets. The OV8835's fast frame rates, excellent pixel performance and low power consumption are critical performance benefits for manufacturers. Furthermore, because the OV8835 is pin-to-pin compatible with the previous-generation OV8830, manufacturers can easily and quickly upgrade to a dramatically improved 8-megapixel camera." The 1/3.2-inch OV8835 is built on a newly improved 1.4-micron OmniBSI-2 pixel that delivers dramatically improved sensitivity of 1000 mV/(Lux-sec), a 20 percent improvement over the previous-generation OV8830. Other performance improvements over the OV8830 include a 20 percent improvement in low-light performance and a 25 percent improvement in full-well capacity. The new CameraChip sensor supports an active array of 3264 x 2448 pixels (8-megapixel), and can operate at 30 FPS for zero shutter lag. It is capable of capturing full 1080p HD video at 30 FPS with electronic image stabilization, or 720p HD video at 60 FPS with full horizontal field-of-view (FOV). The sensor's 2 x 2 binning functionality with post-binning resampling filter minimizes special artifacts and removes image artifacts around edges to deliver clean, crisp color images for industry-leading HD video recording.


text:
Welcome to the South East Community Sun Club Inc.
Come along and join in the fun with a bunch of great people in a comfortable and safe environment the natural way.
South East Community Sun Club prides itself on not
discriminating against any gender, race or marital status.
Those with tattoos, shaved, unshaved and body piercing are quite welcome.
People of all ages are very welcome.


text:
Magnolia kobus
Kobus Magnolia
Form and Growth Characteristics: Plant Type - TreeGrowth Rate - Mature Height - 30-40'Mature Width - 35'Longevity -
Ornamental Characteristics: Flower - White, slightly fragrant, 4" across or less, 6 petals, with a faint purple line at the base outsideFruit - Elongated aggregate of follicles, 1" to 3" long with showy red seeds, attracts birdsLeaf - Alternate leaf arrangement 3" to 6" long, obovate, entire leaf margins, and pointed apex. Leaves dark green with glabrous underside.Fall Color - Does not develop good fall color, although leaves die off yellow to golden brownBark - Other Features - Does not flower well when young and may take as long as 30 years to reach full flowering potential.Possible Use - Specimen or patio tree.Season Of Interest - Spring
Culture and Care: Care Requirements - Excellent for all types of soil, including limestone. Full sun to partial shade, transplant from container prune after flowering,prefers rich, well-drained soilNative Habitat - Native to Japan. Introduced 1865Diseases and Insects - ScaleStrength - Weakness -Plants of this taxon:
Find Related Plants:- Other plants with the common name Magnolia.- Other plants of the family Magnoliaceae.- Other plants of the genus Magnolia.- Other plants of the species Magnolia kobus.


text:
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Blue Sky
The young Denzel the way I move through scenes
I'm like a preacher that once was a fiend
A story of change that came with wings
Features of This Trackclub rap roots
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subtle use of pianos
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lyrics by a rap icon
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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text:
Learn to breakfall with your ears :p
Printable View
Learn to breakfall with your ears :p
i've changed my mind. i have a new fave sub, and its the knee bar :) and the triangle, and the armbar, and the kimura from guard... and... nah i like them all now.Quote:
Originally posted by Dr Octagon
fave submission moves= either achilles crush or any variations of toe holds
fave position= knee ride :D i love knee ride and side mount as well, i try to play a floating game rather than contest of strength, and i like to flow from one position to another...
still love kneeride though. and side mount. in fact i'm shit from mount.
Clock choke is cool, nice move.
I really like using a Kimura from guard, then switching to a neck crank sweep or getting the Kimura from the north/south position. There is this ridiculously simple armbar from side control I learned at the Shaolin seminar, can't wait to try that out.
I now love working side control.


text:
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text:
Chinatown is situated in the heart of Boston and is one of the most densely populated sections of the city, with residents and business coexisting in its brick buildings. Home to the Tufts School of Medicine, Tufts School of Dental Medicine, and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Chinatown presents unique opportunities for collaborative work between these graduate schools and the community. Student projects have focused on tutoring, youth development, arts and cultural programs, fundraising assistance, land development, voter education and registration, social justice issues, and more.
Students Build Bridges between Tufts and the Chinatown Community: On Thursday May 5, Tufts students in the Building Bridges Program shared lessons they had learned from a year of immersion in the Chinatown community. Students performed skits, reflected on newly found knowledge, and recounted their experiences through a slide show to members of both the Tufts and Chinatown community.
Tisch College Partners with K-12 Schools: The Tisch College and the Josiah Quincy Upper School in Chinatown presented the lessons learned through their partnership at the Emerson College Community Partnership Summit: Re-Imagining the Village.
Citizenship and Public Service Scholars
Tisch College Citizenship and Public Service Scholars have been working on several projects in Chinatown, each student contributing 8 hours a week to citizenship projects identified by community organizations. Learn more.
Power of Photos (POP): Scholars My Phan and Annie Ross are implementing a new after-school program at the Josiah Quincy Upper School in Chinatown. They are teaching photography to inner-city youth and showing them how photographs can represent their experiences and their culture. The program will promote social/cultural awareness, encourage personal and intellectual growth, and strengthen the arts programs at the school.
Scholar Lilly Schofield is organizing educational seminars at the South Cove Community Health Center—New England's premier primary and preventive health center for Asian Americans. The goal of the seminars is to educate people in the Chinatown area about women's social justice issues and encourage them to get involved with local policy development.
Working with the Greater Boston Legal Services Asian Outreach Unit, Scholar Angela Lee is helping low-income Chinese immigrants gain access to legal services. She is assisting with client intake, case research, and case follow-ups. She is also working to revive and develop the Campaign to Protect Chinatown news bulletin, which helps residents stay up to date on development issues.
Operating as a team, Scholars Daniel Grant and Kayt Norris are raising political awareness and participation in the Josiah Quincy Upper School in Chinatown. Their goal is to provide resources for interested students in grades 9-11 and encourage them to learn more about politics, civic education, and public service.
Learn more about current Scholar projects.
Tisch Active Citizen Summer Fellows Program (ACS)
ACS provides support to students who are taking an active role as committed public citizens to build stronger communities. To be considered for funding, a student must submit an application and a proposal detailing a partnership with a local organization. Learn more.
Last summer, senior Alex Sherman worked with the Friends of the Mystic River on their invasive plant management program to remove Japanese Knotweed from the banks of the river in Medford. For more information about Mystic River projects, please see our Mystic Watershed Collaborative page.
Tisch Civic Engagement Fund
This Fund was established to encourage greater student participation in active citizenship, expand community support beyond existing Tisch College programs, and foster new ideas for positive change. Learn more.
Working with the Asian American Resource Workshop in Chinatown, junior Lisette Le is helping to organize a spoken word night at Tufts. The goal of the event is to raise awareness about hate crimes and foster discussion.
The Student Teacher Outreach and Mentoring Program (STOMP) brings Tufts engineering students together with students and teachers at the Josiah Quincy Elementary School in Chinatown. The Tufts students, who receive a stipend, help teachers learn about engineering and incorporate it in their classroom and after-school curriculum.
Community Organizations and Public Schools in Chinatown
The following organizations and schools host Tufts students working on citizenship projects:
Academic Courses and Internship Opportunities
Internships and professional training requirements frequently place students into Chinatown settings through a variety of Tufts programs. In some departments, courses with strong education for active citizenship goals build positive links between academic learning and the work of community organizations, often providing students with experiential learning opportunities in Chinatown.
Building Bridges: An innovative program in Chinatown, Building Bridges enables Tufts undergraduate students to make significant contributions to the community while learning about active citizenship. Students participate in an American Studies course taught by Dr. Jean Wu—Active Citizenship in an Urban Community: Race, Class, Power, and Politics course (AS 131-U)—while working three hours each week in a Chinatown organization. The strong connections between academics and active citizenship are reinforced by speakers from Chinatown and group projects.
Additional Student Work: Tufts Medical School students are required to spend at least one 8-week cycle working on community service projects, and many students choose to work in Chinatown.
Graduate Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning (UEP) students are required to spend 10 hours per week in the spring semester working in teams of four on a project designed by a community organization. Some of these UEP Fieldwork projects are based in Chinatown.
For information, contact Shirley Mark at 617-627-3656 or email to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Wiring multiple lights off of an existing light??
Hi. I have two fluorescent light fixtures in my kitchen. I want to remove the two lights and replace them with six recessed light fixtures (essentially replace each existing fixture with 3 new fixtures).
Can running this many lights off of an existing light be safely done?
Can anyone provide a diagram/guide or link for the correct wiring procedure?
Any help/advice is appreciated
Do you know what else is on the circuit?
Are the existing lights turned off & on by a switch?
Do you have access from above to run the wires?
Or will you be fishing them thru the ceiling?
It can be done, depends upon exisiting wiring
But basically you just run wire from one to the next
Basically all the lighting on the middle level of my townhouse are on this same circuit.
There is one switch that that controls the two existing lights.
I will have to fish the wires through the ceiling but I don't see this as being a problem because the new lights will only be separated by a few feet.
Thanks for the quick response scuba_dave...
Do you know if the power feed is to the light 1st or the switch?
This will determine wiring method
What colored wires at the lights?
You need to calculate the load on the circuit
If it is all lighting then you can exceed the breaker limit for all lights on that circuit
IE if a bulb fixture indicates 100w bulb Max that is what you use
If the recessed cans indicate 75w max then you are adding 6*75 = 450w to that circuit
15a circuit = 1800w Mac
20a circuit = 2400w Max
Wire gauge on 15a circuit = 14 gauge, 20a = 12 gauge
Example of wiring
If the existing fluorescent fixtures are surface mounted, recessed lights can be installed using remodel cans which are installed from below. Please supply more info.
Besides Commercial we can help with DIY tips on Installing Recessed Lighting
Circuit wiring direct to light
Switch only interupts the hot feed
White has been re "coded" as black
I don't know if the power is fed to the light or the switch first.
One of the fixtures has a white, black, & ground wire.
The other fixture has the same setup only times two; i.e. 2 black, 2 white, & 2 ground wires.
How do I know if I have a 15a or 20a circuit?
Also, the fluorescent lights are surface mounted.
Thanks again...appreciate the diagrams.
Just add up the wattage of the new fixtures. Watts divided by volts gives you the total current. Use the maximum allowed for the fixture for calculating. Let us know the total wattage. Yes, It's that simple.
Do not concern yourself with how the switches are wired, unless you want to change how the switches work. Connect the new fixtures just like the old fixtures. Just run the cable from the existing to the new.
Make a drawing so you can put it back like it is now. The connections.
Check the breaker that turns the lights on and off for circuit size.
I have no idea how switches got into this thread. The OP only asked if he could add lights to an existing circuit. Please, lets not confuse him. Stay on topic and just answer the damn question.
If he needs a new home run than we can address that after he tells us the total wattage. And what size breaker he has. :whistling2:
The new fixtures are 50 watts max each. Total is 300 watts.
Right now the four current fluorescent bulbs are 40 watts each for a total of 160 watts. So I'd already be over by about 140 watts once the new fixtures are installed.
EDIT: It's a 15a circuit
It will work on a 15 or 20 amp circuit with plenty room to spare. Just install the fixtures and connect them to the same wires the old ones are on. The total current draw is 2.5 amps. However, this is just for the lights. What else is on the same circuit?
Switches matter because he needs to be aware of how things are wired. Many people take it apart & thenhave no clue how to put it back together. Its also important to know where the power is coming from
And if the circuit is already maxed out with the existing lights then even adding "only" another 140w is against code. It's that simple
One the points of DIY is learning & learning how to do it right
Don't be such a damn ass
I just added everything up. Currently there are 1060 watts on the circuit plus one outlet and one exhaust fan. The outlet has a 60 watt lamp hooked up to it and various entertainment media (i.e. tv, dvd player, cable box, ps3, wii). How many watts do the outlet and exhaust fan draw?
Like I said, adding the new lights will add an additional 140 watts to the circuit. Will I overload the circuit?
Also, it looks like one of the current fluorescent fixtures is in the middle of the circuit because two sheathed cables are entering the box. Howdoes this change my wiring scenario?
All he needs to know is if and how he can accomplish his project. If you want to get complicated try one of the professional boards where they will eat you alive. This is a DIY forum.
I'm not an electrician & I do need to know how things are wired
I've seen too many people who are told to simply replace it/wire same as it is & then come back & say it isn't working
Then its 2x as hard to figure out what they did wrong
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VAN KEMPEN, Harold
Origin Batavia (Djakata), Indonesia
Accompanying Family Laura van Kempen (wife) and Ties van Kempen (son, aged one year)
First settled in Carlyle/Perth/ WA
Original Occupation Radio Communications Technician
Occupation in Australia Electrical Power Technician
Departure Port Priok
Arrival Year 1951
20 panel
Read their story
Harold is Dutch born, arrived in Indonesia as a youth with his parents. He was interned in a prisoner-of-war camp following the World War 2 Japanese invasion. His parents deceased in similar camps. Post-war Indonesian Independence hostilities triggered th


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The 8 inch Angry Birds plush doll comes in red or yellow. The doll does make noise and costs $15.99. Some players out there have to be fans of the pigs, too. And for them, the store is offering an 8 inch plush pig with sound. That also costs $15.99. A 5 inch plush toy with sound, showing a variety of characters from the game, is on sale for $5.99. The plush toys are available at Future Shop stores or online from the company's web site.
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Has anyone had really good/ really bad or indifferent experiences with Doula's which they would be willing to share? My husband and I are hoping to have one this time around. I'm also unsure about how to pick one, is there some questions which you would for sure ask? Also when should I start contacting them? I know it's early but I'm not certain how they work with their clients when it comes to scheduling. I appreciate all of the impute!
Others I know have loved their doulas. Personally, for me, my doctor recommended it, but once I went looking, I decided it was not for me. I am still open to changing my mind before the birth, but, as it stands, I am not going to have a doula.
i had a doula at my first birth and 4 (yes, 4!!) at my last birth. i will be having at least 3 this time around. i should also state that i am a doula and work in that field and had a homebirth the last time. 4 friends/colleagues wanted to be there and since i was going to be home, i decided why not have all of them?!?! having a doula was great. it allowed my husband to just "be there" for me and not have to "take care" of me. it took a huge burden off of all of our shoulders. but, i will say, with all of my experiences working with couples, some have such an awesome dynamic together. i've never been in a situation where a doula wasn't useful or appreciated. you just have to find one fits you and your partner. don't be afraid to interview a whole bunch until you find that right fit.
Danielle, bf'ing, cd'ing, bw'ing, ap'ing, SAHM to DD Avery (12-1-04) DS Linus (10-31-07) and DD Nilah (9-17-11)
always and forever remembering (6-9-10)
I had one for my first and was very unhappy with it all in the end. For what I paid, I don't feel I got my $ worth. She was also my Bradley instructor as well. As "natural birth friendly" as I thought she was, in the end I ended up with an epi and way more intervention than we wanted. I KNOW in the end, those were all MY decisions but I was also told to go to the hospital way earlier than I think we should have and wasn't instructed as much as I would have liked to have been.
I did not have one for my second which ended up being a HB turned UC. It was fast and again, would have been a waste of time had I had one ;)
I think it is VERY important to know if they will come to your home and labor with you if you are having a hospital birth. I think that is when they would be most helpful and many of them (at least in this area) don't offer this service. You also need to be sure they will HB with you as some don't (I know the one I used for my first does NOT do HB's). Many HB midwives (again, in this area) will labor sit with you so if you are HBing you may not need one as much as you would for a hospital birth. Also, it's important to really have a good relationship with them! I am not talking you have to be buddies for life but I think it helps to have someone there who you are friendly with.
I thought of getting on for my last birth but decided against it as I used self-hypnosis and didn't really want the outside help. In the end, the mw that attended my (hospital) birth acted as my doula and was fantastic. She kept the nurses away :)
I've interviewed several through out the years, but never actually ended up using one. My mw was always great and she told me that for a HB, it's sort of her job to be there for me however I wanted her to be and a doula was unneccesary. With my first hb, there was just too many people there. Apparently I'm a private birther and the few people, the better I do. My first hb, I had the mw, her assistant, a friend to watch dd for us, my sister and my husband. Ended up that other people kept getting in the way and not really letting hubby be there for me, they wanted to be there for me. Which ended up that I felt distant from hubby and I really wanted him there for me emotionally and physically. My second hb, it was just hubby and mw. It was exactly as I'd wanted it to be. MW was only around when hubby wasn't there and he was there most of the time.
The births that I've attended as a support person, I've been there mostly to help the hubby be there for the wife. It's really important to me to not interfere in that and encourage it. This is THEIR baby and their big day! So, I try to stand back and be there for the wife, but mostly making suggestions to hubby and encouraging him. I'm still there, rubbing legs and back and such, but I'm not in their face and I'm letting the hubby get her water and give her sips, and putting chapstick on her dry lips, etc. All in all, I feel that if your significant other can be there and be the support person, then there is no need for a doula. If however, the husband would like some help, or the wife feels the husband could use some help in that area, then a doula might be helpful.
Mandy -
i'm considering a doula this time, but am still not sure. one thing you will probably find too, is that there are a lot of doulas who have done the training, but are not yet certified, so they will offer services for a lower fee. i've seen doulas in my area charging as little as $200, which is totally doable for me. i'm just not sure yet how many people i want there when i'm in labour. BF will be there, a friend of mine will most likely be there, and my mom may or may not be. a doula might be just a little too much. still deliberating :)
Robyn - In with Tyson, Gothy Mama to Jasmyn (March 12 2003), Grayson (August 2 2005), my Aurora Hope (m/c Nov 10 2010), and Sydney Rayne (September 17 2011) x3
I had a doula with my first birth, and I hope we can have her back for this birth, too. My husband and I were both very glad to have her there. My extreme tightwad of a husband said that it was money well spent. Maybe you have to know him to understand how much that means!
I contacted her pretty early in my first pregnancy, maybe 12 weeks or so. As far as questions, I really didn't ask many! She is certified and had attended quite a few births. What sold me on her wasn't her credentials or professional experience, though. At the time, she had 7 of her own children, and I liked having someone with that personal experience. Her main goal was to make me comfortable during labor, not tell me how to birth or make decisions for me. Unfortunately, a lot of doulas forget that they are to support the mother's decisions and not impose their own beliefs. Most importantly, we clicked. Having someone with you during labor is very intimate and requires a lot of trust. If I were looking for a doula now, I would rather go with someone I felt comfortable with who maybe had less experience, than a more experienced doula who I didn't feel that connection to.
Start contacting them now. Their schedules can fill up many months ahead of time. Also, my doula does 3 prenatal visits, which are almost like mini childbirth classes, so if yours does too, you want to have enough time to schedule those visits.
2/4/2009. 9/6/2011!
We had a doula lined up the first time and she quit in the 8th month due to family circumstances. Do others feel it's necessart even when you're working with supportive midwives to begin with?
nald1- I think it really depends on the midwife and what she/the practice offers and what the mom/family wants. Some midwives come over earlier and offer more labor support if needed while others are busier and generally come once active labor is established. Either way I think it can be helpful to have a doula for other reasons but not always necessary.
I agree with previous posters that one of the most essential components of interviewing a doula is just seeing if it is a good fit. When I was training to be a doula the trainer said that she would say this to her potential clients: Will you feel comfortable naked and moaning in front of me? Funny but true.
And while I think the click factor is of utmost importance I do value experience as well. Especially when it comes to hospital births. There is more dynamics at work and I believe an experienced doula is a true asset for getting the birth you desire. That said I think "green" doulas have a lot to offer.
Dont' always count on your midwife to be good labour support--but of course, if you know your midwife well enough, you will know if they would be a good doula as well. my last birth, i had a midwife, and didn't hire a doula because i assumed my midwife would be there with me. i was wrong--she was so hands-off, wouldn't stay with me at home, and i barely saw her in the hospital. she mostly watched the printout of the heartrate monitor, and really was no support at all. partly my fault for assuming, but she was also just a terrible midwife as far as i'm concerned. that's why i won't be seeing her this time!
Robyn - In with Tyson, Gothy Mama to Jasmyn (March 12 2003), Grayson (August 2 2005), my Aurora Hope (m/c Nov 10 2010), and Sydney Rayne (September 17 2011) x3
I am in the process of interviewing doulas right now. I am 16 weeks. I had a hospital birth with my first and will with this one too. Our doula was so awesome and really needed for a hospital birth. She basically acted like a middle person between the hospital staff and my husband and I. The nurses would talk to her and she would talk to us. It helped so much because the way the nurses worded things and the way she worded them was totally different. Nurse would say: she needs to put this gown on. Doula would say: would you like to put this gown on or are you comfortable. I would say: I am fine and don't want to put the gown on. Nurse would leave! Or if I couldn't talk my husband would answer. All the doulas I have looked into are about $500 but they come and do in home visits to prepare for birth and go over birth plan. They have back up doulas in case of emergency and I check references! I interviewed my first this pregnancy yesterday...and it got me so excited about being pregnant and birthing another precious baby!
My doula was awesome! She was also my hypnobabies instructor.
I think you just have to find someone you click with and feel comfortable with, and ask LOTS of questions during the interview. Get references from past births if possible! Mine was worth every penny we paid her but I have also heard some bad stories about doulas who didn't really do anything unfortunately. You also have to be clear in what YOUR expectations are and what you want her to do.
I am not having one this time just mostly because we're using a birth center and we have to pay out of pocket which is really expensive. The midwife will be there the whole time though and probably another midwife or her assistant.
I did not have a doula for my first birth, but I did have a CNM that I've known for about 20 years (I grew up with her daughters). I had a lot of trust in her. My husband was a fantastic support being there for me physically and both my mom, who was there, and my midwife gave me words of encouragement at needed moments. I went in feeling like I had a dream team (not to mention the only OB I really felt comfortable with was on-call that night). That being said, I would not have changed my decisions, but there are things I will definitely do differently this time around.
This time around things are different. I've relocated and I don't know this CNM as well. She has a great reputation (which can be seen on other threads in these forums), but, for me, being so new to the area and with my mom not near by, I really feel like I want the extra support. The doula I hired is also a dear friend (she also did our childbirth ed classes for #1) who was willing to travel far outside her usual area for me. I certainly feel more at ease knowing she will be there along with my hubby. She and I have had long talks about doula work (I'm currently a peer breastfeeding counselor and hope to be going through postpartum doula training soon), birth, breastfeeding and babies in general.
I would suggest in your looking to find someone you feel naturally comfortable with who is going to support your decisions and will have a clear understanding of your hopes and expectations for the birth. Most doulas I'm aware of will provide a sort of get to know you meeting without a fee, so you can get a feel before you commit. Remember a doula is a professional labor assistant, they attend births regularly and may have more ideas in the moment that a friend or mom. (My mom told me moments after I gave birth that she would have asked for the drugs hours ago....)
Two wonderful boys born Aug 2009 and Sept 2011, and #3 due April 2015! I'm also a CLC and postpartum doula.
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text: yea i have acually have it didnt work. Right now what im doin is throwin on a lil more soil as it grows. Its been workin up to now ten of the plants are already 2 inches high. 3 of which have tipped . Thanks for the help ill try both over again let you know how its goin in bout a week.


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Here's a super cute denim I spy rag quilt I made last week. This quilt is made from my husband's old jeans so I'm calling this quilt, "The Fart Quilt". What a perfect quilt name! I didn't have a pattern for this quilt and just winged it but I couldn't be happier with the results. See how the edges are frayed? That's what make this a "rag quilt". The quilt is also an "I Spy" quilt because every cotton fabric square in the quilt is different, there aren't any repeating fabrics.
I made this quilt for my daughter #2, she'd been asking me to make her a quilt, I had a big stack of jeans just sitting there so I came up with this Denim I Spy Rag Quilt. I ended up finishing the quilt the night of daughter #2's 20th birthday, it was just perfect timing!
If you like my denim rag quilt,
please feel free to share it on social media.
I'd really appreciate it!
How to Make a Denim I Spy Rag Quilt
Before you start this easy quilt project I recommend you figure out how big you want your rag quilt to be and how many denim circles you will need. I decided to make this quilt 9 rows across and 14 rows long. You will have to take into consideration the size of the circles you are going to be cutting out and how many pairs of jeans you have on hand for this project.
To make this rag quilt or one similar to it, you are going to need a stack of old jeans that need repurposing. The first thing I did was cut up right along the inseam of the jeans from the ankle up to the crotch and then up by the zipper and through the waistband. Repeat with both legs and then cut up through the seat of the jeans and you'll have two nice pieces of flat denim to work with.
Here's a picture of some Old Navy long walking shorts that I cut up for this post, they are wrinkly and if I was going to use these for a project I would iron them before marking and cutting shapes out. They are women's size 12. See how much denim there is to work with once the jeans are cut open and laying out flat?
I used a Corelle pasta bowl from my cupboard. This is a bowl we actually eat out of. I picked this bowl because I didn't want my circles to be too small and the bowl is really easy to handle. I laid the bowl on the denim and used a sharpie to mark the wrong side of the fabric (inside the jeans).
I then cut out a bunch of circles. Here's what a fat stack of 126 denim circles looks like.
Here's a much cuter picture of what 126 denim circles looks like.
I figured out what size square would fit inside the circle. I've explained my process for doing this on one of my cute denim potholder posts and have included a photo there. I folded a denim circle in half and then folded that half in half again. I then used an acrylic ruler to figure out the size of the square that would fit inside the circle and then I made the square 1/4″ smaller. I made a template square out of a manila file, a cereal box would work too. My squares are just under 6″.
I then marked HALF of the circles in the stack with the square template. I used a brightly colored pen so I could easily see the squares I had marked. You need to be able to see the lines clearly because you will be sewing on these lines.
I then attached the circles together. I attached one marked circle to an unmarked circle. I chain pieced the circles and did a back and forth stitch at the beginning and end of every fabric circle. This quilt is very heavy so I wanted to make it extra sturdy. First, I attached two circles together, then I added "two" two circle units together to make strips of four circles.
Here's a Tip For Joining Circles
When adding the two sets of two circles together, take the time to make sure the circles physically line up with each other. After you line up the units, hold the top center of the circles you are wanting to sew together by pinching them together with two fingers and letting them hang, if your seams aren't lining up, adjust them and repeat the pinching and hanging process, when they look like they are lined up right, pin them together. You want to make sure the seams of the sets of two line up with each other so you will have straight rows. When I did this process I joined one marked circle with one unmarked circle, following the sewing line of the marked circle. I continued this process until I had nine long rows of 14 circles joined.
I pressed the circle flaps open with a hot iron.
Now it's time to attach the rows together. Keep in mind only every other block is marked, so you'll have to now get a ruler and mark every other circle so you have a sewing line to follow. This is very easy to do, just line a ruler up with the lines that are already marked. Make sure your lines go into the circle joining seams just a little.
In this photo below, I had just finished marking the bottom row, by using a ruler to fill in the lines on squares that were not marked. In the row at the bottom see how the lines go into the seams where the circles were joined? This is what you want. Keep in mind, you only have to mark half the rows! A marked row will be attached to an unmarked row.
Here's another picture of joining rows. I pinned the rows together and made sure the seams lined up and the top of the circles lined up. When I came to a seam I put the sewing machine in reverse to go back over the seam and then went forward again. Again, I did this because I want to the quilt to be extra strong because it's so heavy. I did this at every seam joining.
I sewed the strips into two large pieces. I didn't join the entire quilt because I didn't want to struggle with pushing the entire quilt through my sewing machine when attaching the I spy fabric squares.
Before I started piecing this quilt I decided to order the I Spy fabric squares from eBay. I didn't feel like pulling 126 fabrics from my stash and ironing and then cutting out one square from each fabric. This is my second time ordering fabric squares from eBay, I did the same thing when I made this sweet I spy baby quilt.
Here are some of the eBay fabric squares I received in the mail. Here's the website of the eBay seller I purchased these squares from – Grapevine Hats. Here's a link to her eBay store. She makes custom surgical hats for medical professionals, I guess these squares are her scraps? This worked out well for her and me!
Now it's to pin the I spy fabric squares to the quilt. I will say the pinning was very easy, but I was poked by pins A LOT! I recommend wearing an old tee shirt for this step. The pins grabbed my tee shirt and now it has small holes. Aww the price I paid for such a cool quilt. 😀
I worked in rows of three. Below, you can see I inserted the I spy fabric squares into the wrong side of the quilt circles. I had my iron on hot, then I placed a fabric square in the center of a circle, press it down with the iron, this helps make the fabric squares not have puckers. Then I'd slide a large acrylic ruler under the quilt (so I wouldn't pin to my ironing board) while the quilt was still on my ironing board and pinned the fabric squares under the denim flaps. I'd press a few fabric squares into place and then pin, repeat repeat repeat until I had three rows pinned done. As you can see below I only pinned the fabric squares down vertically or on two opposite sides (NOT on all four sides). For now, the stitching will lock the fabric down on two sides.
Now it's time to stitch the flaps down! I had my sewing machine needle in the middle position and then lined up the outside of my sewing foot on the edge of the fabric. You will be using both sides of your sewing foot to line up with the denim flaps. Keep in mind, when you approach the center where four denim circles meet, you will have to sew in the center of the joining so you won't necessarily be using your sewing foot as a guide in the centers.
Here's how I stitched the flaps down. I drew a red line on the image with my finger on my cell phone, but I think you get the idea. I found out that if I put the pins in sideways like what you see in the picture below, I was pin pricked less.
Repeat this with all the rows of the quilt.
Denim Rag Quilt Recap
Hopefully, This Will Make What I Did More Understandable
- Pin and then stitch the vertical rows down in manageable batches, I chose to do three rows at a time. I say manageable sections because if you try and do too many rows at once you will get pin poked a lot.
- Then pin and stitch the horizontal rows down. Take time to smooth the I spy fabric in place so there aren't any puckers. Use the iron to help you if necessary. I did!
- I did all pinning on my ironing board with an acrylic ruler slide under the quilt so I wouldn't pin the quilt to the ironing board.
Here's what the quilt looks like at this stage.
A closeup. Can tell the llama pinata is my favorite fabric square?
Next, I stitched around the outside of the quilt, again to make the quilt nice and strong. My seam allowance was less than 1/4″ I didn't want this stitching showing after the binding is attached.
I then prepared the binding. My daughter #2, who this quilt was made for, picked this funky yellow fabric out of my stash for the binding. I cut the binding strips 2.5″ wide, I attached all the strips into one long strip, then I pressed the strip wrong sides together. I attached the raw edge of the binding to the outside edge of the quilt, on the right side of the quilt using a 1/4″ seam allowance.
Then I flipped the quilt over so the back side was up. I folded the binding over and hand stitched the binding down. I only pin the binding down using two pins. I don't like to pin too far ahead because I find I end up getting pin poked too much. I found a few of the denim fabrics were especially hard to hand stitch through but most denim parts were really easy.
After the binding was done, it was time for me to cut into the seam allowances of the denim circles, which are now squares. To make this job quick and easy I purchased some spring loaded scissors from Amazon. I used these scissors to snip into the edges to the quilt.
Here's an example of how I snipped in the seams. I was very careful NOT to snip into the stitching or the I Spy fabric.
When I got the quilt seam snipping done, I tossed the quilt into the washing machine. I washed it twice (my washing cycle only takes 35 minutes because we have a Speed Queen) and removed the lint from the fraying between washing cycles.
Here's my finished Denim I Spy Rag Quilt. It turned out amazing! It's a real stunner in person.
I really need to take it outside and get some better pictures.
I hope you enjoyed this little tutorial. I tried to explain the process I used to create this easy rag quilt but if you have any questions, or if I didn't explain anything well enough please don't hesitate to leave me a comment and I will get back to you with an answer!
Here's a picture of the back of the quilt. It's raining outside so the lighting isn't the best. The darkest denim squares are the seat of the jeans with the back pocket removed.
If you like my denim rag quilt,
please feel free to share it on social media.
I'd really appreciate it!
I am participating in the #atozchallenge and this Denim Rag Quilt post is my "D" post. 😀
Be Sure to Checkout These Quick Denim Potholder Tutorials
- Reverse Applique Denim Potholder
- Square Denim Upcycled Potholders
- Denim Potholders with Finger Protectors Tutorial
Disclosure: This post contains Amazon affiliate links.


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" Brand: Wilkinson Swords / Skin type: for dry skin and for all types / Type: Razors "
My ongoing quest to find an effective yet reasonably priced razor saw me recently try out the Wilkinson's Xtreme 3 addition to the already over-saturated male grooming, hair removal marketplace. I have a hate/hate relationship with razor systems as it is; shaving is a chore that I don't enjoy and I equally dislike having to pay a fortune for something that is designed to remove the hair and stubble from my face and neck. Cheap razors leave me with irritated skin and razor-rash and expensive razors, as effective as they are, leave me feeling ripped off so it's been somewhat of a challenge for me to find and stick to a singular brand when it comes to shaving.
The X-treme 3 range of razors from Wilkinson Sword were recently available from Tesco on a half price promotion costing me a little over £3.00 for a pack of 4 disposable razors instead of their usual price of£6.00+. I bought them because I was in need of new blades for my Mach system and didn't want to spend a fortune on replacement blades when I could try something different and cheaper and as I tend to buy whatever is available on special offer I decided to see if these were up to the job. Mine, as the name of them suggests, are a 3 blade razor. Individually they're not very heavy to hold and are made from a plastic material which features a rubberised section on the handle to make them comfortable to hold in the hand. Each razor has an easy to remove plastic safety cover which keeps the blades covered before use and a 'glide strip' which is supposed to aid the movement of the razor when it's used on the contours of the face and neck.
To look at one the Xtreme-3 isn't particularly remarkable, it has a wide-head design which is common nowadays for a razor and tries to have the look of a more expensive, premium shaving system. Used with a good quality shaving gel (I prefer gel to foam) I find that the razor is good for removing the stubble on my face and neck and as the blades are quite flexible I find that it does give me a close and comfortable shave. Because I don't have to shave every day and usually have a couple of day's worth of stubble to tackle I find that I do have to go over the same area a couple of times to remove any unwanted hair but unlike some cheaper disposable razors I've used in the past I don't find the Xtreme-3 to be an irritant to my skin and I do think that the blades used are of excellent quality. For a tiresome task that I don't particularly enjoy I find that these razors are very good overall and I don't have to waste additional time going over the same areas time and time again, if the hair isn't removed the first time of being gone over then it usually is on the second stroke and for me that puts these razors in just about the same league as the expensive Mach 3's or 4's.
I don't think that the glide strip is much use to be honest, it certainly doesn't seem to add anything to the overall shaving experience for me and I think it's inclusion is rather irrelevant. Because I use a shaving gel I find that I don't need any additional 'help' in getting the razor to glide over my face and neck but as it's supposed to be infused with Aloe Vera I suppose Wilkinson Sword thought it was a good idea to include it in the design. For me it's rather superfluous but others may find it beneficial.
For a disposable razor I think the Xtreme-3 is rather good, I can get a good couple of week's use out of one before the blades become too blunt to be of any use and as my pack had 4 in it originally I haven't had to think about buying a new razor for the past couple of months. For the price I paid for mine I think they have worked out to be very good value for money and I would buy them again if they were on offer. As mentioned I don't have any brand loyalty to any razor manufacturer and tend to buy whatever might be on special offer at the time of me looking but the Xtreme 3's would be something I'd buy again and I would recommend them to other people.
All in all for how effective they are, how easy they are to use and how comfortable the blades feel on my skin I think these have been a good buy and from me get a very good 4 star rating - only losing 1 star from what would have been a perfect score for the useless glide strip. Definitely recommended though, thanks for reading my review.
I first encountered these disposable razors last summer at a Car Booty not far from us. My wife drags me round the field most weekends like a reluctant overweight labrador and it has proven easier to acquiesce rather than make a song and dance about it. The deal is we have to be home by mid afternoon - just in case there is some sport to be watched on telly. This particular labrador doesn't lick his balls but does like to relax.
Whilst she mooches, I have a little look at stalls that seem to offer some interesting and unusual items and it was whilst pondering the purchase of a wooden carved horse that I noted a big cardboard box full of these 4 pack razors. The guy wouldn't come down much on the price of the horse so in the end he threw in 2 packs of these as part of the deal (it looked as if he might be keen to shift them in a hurry and was selling them at a pound a packet) and I was duly parted with a white fiver. A couple of moths escaped from my wallet but others have since taken their place.
I hadn't used these razors before but given that effectively they cost me nothing, I was well disposed towards them before I started. The following week I opened one of the packs, each containing 4 razors and started to shave. Mmmm - good first impression!
First positive was the lovely fresh shade of green, then the ribbed handle (mmm - rubbery!), the small and neat design, the swivel head, the quality of the shave. I am not a great fan of lubricating strips, but these seemed to add something to the shaving experience as well. Each razor has three flexible blades and it is this feature which apparently helps you to achieve a really close shave - not a hugely important feature if you are Spongebob Squarepants, but for the rest of us with contoured faces, it is nice when the blade closely follows the line of our chins.
A fortnight later I was still on the same razor and although I don't have a particularly stubbly beard, I was impressed that it was still sharp enough to use for my morning shave. Once I had discarded it, it magically found its way into the bath rack where my wife used it for a while longer doing whatever she does with these things - just as long as I don't get a second hand bath full of leg stubble or 'curly wurlies' - I hate that!
Once my free stock ran out, I didn't buy any more (they are getting on for a pound per razor at standard price and I can't bring myself to pay that) and I now flirt with a few different brands of disposable. These are by no means the cheapest of the branded options, but they certainly impressed me and I would certainly buy them again if they were on a decent offer.
I have been conducting an experiment between disposable razors over the last year or so. Coming to the end of my razor experimentation for now, the Wilkinson Sword Xtreme 3 Comfort Plus Sensitive is another ostensibly high quality disposable razor. Let's see how it fares against the competition.
The razor looks very chunky and sturdy, with a pivoting head supported by 2 thick struts on the sides and three inward pointing thinners ones in the middle. The head has three blades which apparently are supposed to follow the angles of your face closely. A conditioning strip is on both the top and bottom of the head, which have Aloe Vera and Vitamin E which is supposed to give you a more comfortable shave. The green handle is pleasantly thick, bulbously tapering our in the middle with a ridged rubberised which is very comfortable to hold. The head is covered by a partly transparent plastic cap which clips itself to the head with the aid of squezable soft plastic sides, quite a neat solution which protects the head very effectively.
There are 2 variants available; the Comfort Plus and Comfort Plus Sensitive, and I have tested the latter.
The first shave was very satisfactory. Coping with a few days growth, the razor gave a reasonably close shave, with one nick on an existing wound but apart from that, no mishaps. The think handle felt pretty secure in my hand and gave a good grip. There was a good close shave around the chin, which can cause problems in inferior razors.
The second shave was just as good. The razor felt good against the skin, closely following my face and it didn't feel at all like it might nick me having a good smooth action.
The third shave, remarkably, was just as good as the first. A very smooth action indeed. In fact it was too good, as I managed to cut my lip with the razor, such was the lack of friction that I went past the hairs straight into the lip and even then I didn't notice until I started bleeding. Quite remarkable; I've never experienced such quality in a blade before, as you'd expect some degradation by now. There were no hairs stuck between the blades, which is the usual symptom of the onset of problems.
The fourth shave was just as good as the other three with no loss of quality. I am starting to think that this might be related to the design of the head, where two supporting struts curve out from the blade, giving the whole head support when it's pressed against your face, which I would imagine helps even the pressure out over the whole head. Quite a simple idea that is surprisingly underutilised, even amongst more expensive razors.
The fifth shave felt like the blade had lost a little of its quality. Although the general quality of the shave was as good as before, it felt like I had to dig in a little more to get that closeness, and I had to go over my chin more than once to ensure all the hairs were clipped.
A sixth shave is almost unprecedented decent shave territory here for a disposable razor, and the shave was just as good as the previous one; the same effort required but still a decent result.
The seventh shave was again acceptable without any loss of quality. It's notable that even at this stage, clogging hairs weren't an issue and no maintenance had been required on the head to keep them at bay. There wasn't even a hint of a nick or cut this time.
For the eighth shave I thought I'd give it a challenge and waited for 3 days to get some good wiry stubble. Again, the razor dealt with the task with no problems. Usually at this stage you'd be struggling on areas like your chin, but the effort was no more so that a fairly unused razor. And still no clogging with hairs!
The ninth shave was the next day and was pretty much the same, although briefly, 1 hair did get stuck between two of the blades. After a quick swish in water though, it was gone.
There were no problems with the tenth shave, or the eleventh shave. Although was I starting to detect some wear by this point? The result was just as good, anyway.
On the twelfth shave, I had a couple of days growth to tackle, and the razor handled this reasonably well, although I noted a slight roughness under my chin, further evidence of the slight decline in the razor, but still not enough to convince me to call it a day yet.
Pretty much the same for the thirteenth and fourteenth shaves; examining the blade compared to a new one, the used razor looked dulled, and slightly bunt at the edge of each blade. The blue strip looked a bit worn but still solid, as did the little white conditioning stripe.
The fifteenth shave, more or less the known limit to me for disposable razors, yielded identical results to the last one. Perhaps I had to go over each area once or twice but the result didn't suffer at all, and there was no indication at all the razor was ready to throw in the towel. And this particular shave tackled a couple of day's growth so it was well tested.
I was becoming determined to end this one way or another, and so I left 3 days growth for the sixteenth shave. The result was again acceptable, with a little roughness under the ridge of my skins and a couple of nicks. But even in the evening my face felt pleasantly smooth so still no grumbles there.
Another 3 days growth and shave number seventeen was without even a trace of a nick, and barely any residual roughness. Surely I wouldn't be able to get to twenty?
Shave eighteen required a bit more effort and the result in some way I can't quantify LOOKED rougher but it certainly didn't feel it. It's notable that shaving around the nose, usually problematic, wasn't a problem at all. With the design of the head it's actually very easy to manoeuvre around the area without the worry that you're about to hack your nose off. Also, it's very effective getting a shave close to your nose, a particularly impressive characteristic.
Shave number nineteen felt as comfortable as the other shaves and felt quite smooth but upon close investigation it's starting to look a little worn around the edges, with small patches of stubble not being fully cropped. A slight razor burn was evident too.
Shave twenty was reasonable but again slightly patchy and although feeling quite smooth, looked like it wasn't shaving the hairs close, and combined with the effort required to get this quality of shave, I decided this was the end of the road for this particular razor. But what a tough little trouper it had proved to be.
Just to make sure this wasn't a one off I observed the performance of the whole pack and all 4 razors more or less conformed to what is described above, some lasting a couple of shaves less and some clogging more with hairs sooner but the performance is comparable. Let's say you can expect 16 shaves per razor and anything else is a bonus.
This is one of the most hardwearing disposable razors I've ever used; it's certainly been one of the highlights of my shaving experimentation. At about £4 for a pack of 4, they're certainly not the cheapest of options per se. However, considering their longevity, and the continuity of a decent quality of shave throughout, they may be worthy of consideration if you're looking for a decent disposable shave.
Wilkinson Sword were founded in 1772 by gun maker Henry North. They
became royal gun makers to King George III in 1804. Later on the company expanded into sword manufacturing and from the 1890s the product range was expanded. At the turn of the century, over 5000 products were sold, including cut throat razors. They introduced a safety razor in 1898. They produced armaments for World War I and commando knives and armoured clothing such as Flak jackets in World War II. They expanded into garden tools after this, and in 1956 produced the first stainless steel double edged blade. Lots of razor innovations followed, including in 1983 Retractor (first disposable razor with retractable blades) and in 2001 Xtreme 3 (first disposable with triple blades).
Wilkinson Sword Ltd
Sword House
High Wycombe
Bucks HP13 6DG
Tel: +44 (0) 1494 533300
Email : use the link http://www.wilkinsonsword.co.uk/contact_us
Website : http://www.wilkinsonsword.co.uk/men/showroom/xtreme3_disposable


text:
bluezoo Boy's pack of two natural and navy woven shorts
Item No.2230208104
Item No.2230208104
This boy's pack of two woven shorts from bluezoo offers one natural pair and one navy pair. They have four pockets with contrast stitching and elasticated waistbands.
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text:
a place for zinesters - writers and readers
I am thinking about opening up a small etsy shop with supply grab bags for zine making/pen palling/art journaling of different sizes. I just love putting together small collections of things like that!
They would include some stickers, pages of old books, magazine clippings, postcards, envelopes, patterned paper...
I am just wondering if anyone would be interested.
Added by airmailmail on July 2, 2014 at 2:44am — 3 Comments
I am full of ideas for zines right now. I'm writing them all down to make sure I won't lose any of them.
And I am working on my first ever zine. It will be about my weekly four to five hour train rides. I'm almost done with the text but I'll need to take some photos this weekend.
I've never been so close to actually completing a zine. Pretty exciting :)
Added by airmailmail on March 4, 2014 at 11:00am — No Comments
Added by airmailmail on January 20, 2014 at 5:00am — No Comments


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Buick finned drums!
Ok all i get is chit chat & rumours like the're the early ones or no the're the 60's ones, so what is the facts regarding the years of manufacture between the multi fin Bucks & the wide spaced fins. I do know both my '58 Ltd's had the multi finned type & that's what i have on the roadster, but i'm keen to know more on the wide spaced fin type as i kinda prefer the look of them.
thanks for any info,
i can't answer your question, but i recently saw an ad in a hotrod mag for disc conversion kits that have the old buick finned drums on the outside to keep the original look. everything is covered by the drums and phony backing plate. i think they were made by Edelbrock.
"Well done is better than well said." - Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
I've noticed that there are two different style fins, narrow and wide spaced. I never paid any attention as to which came on which year car though. I run the wide spaced finned drums on the rear end of my Willys on the Olds rear end but I don't remember from what year of Buick I got them.
I was going ot guess that the wide ones are early probably thru '62 or '63 until you say your narrow fin ones came from a '58. Of course the kits that johnnymopar referrs to are simulated drums, not the real thing. In summary, I talked a lot and told you nothing useful!
No its not useless its all good chat, those disc in drum type can be got from So Cal if you got the $'s, i guess i gotta stick with the 40's Ford shoes & backplates. Yeah i agree i would have thought the wide spaced were the early ones! maybe they were & the multi finned started in '58.
Someone on here must know but i kinda thought you might reply being vitage stuff & all,
Heeeeeey Hotrodit, If you don't get a straight answer soon I'll have one for you by tomorrow or the next day, I ask a buddy of mine and he is sure to know, i also ask if he has any of the wider finned style in hiding for you.
I feel so special, I actually know your name, haha, just goofin, I just had to ask, it was eatin a hole in my last remaining brain cell.
Thats kool, so you know my name.....& we're in SC in October see if you can make it to the goodguys in Charlotte with MS & Woodsedge?? that'll be real kool! the clock is tickin its gettin closer.
I'm a headcase, I know its odd that a name would bother me so much, but you don't know the half of it, living in my head normal people would die first 15 minutes.
I'm going to try to make it, I'm just $423 down and I got two months to make it so I might just be riding a frame and some old junkyard tires, but I'm workin on it!
hey Hotrodit, my dad has an original '69 Buick Riviera with finned aluminum front and rear brake drums, they may be the ones that you consider narrow finned....look pretty cool behind the factory mag style wheels that are on it..PACO
I foound my how-to article on instlling Buick finned alumium brake drums on a Olds rear end. It uses the wide spaced fins (if I could figure out how to put a picture in this post I could show you) and says "look for drums '62 or newer". From what I piece together now, you have narrow '58 drums, paco has narrow '69 drums so wide fins must be from '62 to ?
Great! we're gettin there, i'll post a pic of my drums later today......hey Paco i wonder if you could!!!!!!!!!!!!!! thanks guys i appreciate your time.
pics of my drums in photo album, beyond me how you get pics on here? i'm better with a 3/8 ratchet in my hand!
Yes, there is no doubt those are narrow spaced fins on your car. Are you SURE they are from a '58 Buick? I would have guessed a '68. You mentioned a '58 Ltd. Is that a Ford or Buick? I have been talking Buicks the whole time. I'm so confused!
Yep talkin Buick, in my album there's pics of both my '58 Buick Ltd's they both had those multi finned ones same as the roadster, still confused.
I would have put money on the multi finned being later 60's & the wide spaced being early!! & one of those Buick's i had was low mileage un-touched car so they were the original drums.
I PUT THE 1958 BUICK (WIDE FINS) ON 48 SPINDLES ON A 29 ROADSTER. i HAD A MACHINE SHOP HOG OUT THE CENTER HOLE, AND FILL AND REDRILL THE BOLT PATTERN. IT WAS 7 YEARS AGO BUT AS I RECALL (NOT AN EASY TASK FOR AN OLDER MOTORHEAD) I GOT NEW FORD BEARINGS AT NAPA. THE MACHINE SHOP PRICE KNOCKED MY SOCKS OFF..$ 365.00... BUT FROM 59 UP THE FINS ARE CLOSER TOGETHER. GOOD LUCK...THEY REALLY LOOK COOL UNDER THE FENDERS..
I have owned 5 or 6 sets of the wide fin drums. They will work with the 40 Ford stuff but I wanted the more modern 41 Lincoln kind of backing plates. Better than the Fords 40 -48.
I finally settled on the 56 F100 set up. Not as pretty but they stop great.
All of the ones I had (sold them at Charlotte Auto Fair) came from 58's.
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text:
Listing information
- Beds: 3
- Stories: 0
- Foreclosure: No
- Lot Area: 1.20
- County: Berrien
- School District: Coloma
- Style: Single Family
- Baths: 1 (Full: 1 3/4: 0 1/2: 0 Other: 0)
- Parking Type Description: Detached 2 cars
- Total Square Footage: 1,450 ($110.28 per sq. foot)
- Lot Size: 1.25
- High School: Coloma
- Subdivision: S40 - Coloma School
- Year Built: 1950
- Status: Active with Contingency
- New Construction: No
- Above Ground Sq. Feet: 1,450
- Estimated Annual Taxes: $1,769
- Elementary School: Washington
Access Feat: Accessibility Features No
Additional Items Air Cleaner, All Window Treatments, Ceiling Fans, Garage Door Opener, Humidifier, Wood Floor
Air Conditioning Window Unit
Appliances Dryer, Oven, Range, Refrigerator, Washer
Basement Yes
Design Ranch
Driveway Paved
Exterior Features Patio
Exterior Material Vinyl
Fireplace No
Garage Type 2, Detached
Garage: Garage Yes
Heat Source Natural Gas
Heat Type Forced Air
Kitchen Features Eating Area, Mud Room Access
Landscape Flower Garden, Garden Area, Shrubs/Hedges
Lot Description Wooded
Manufactured: Manufactured Y/N No
Other Basement Rooms: Basement Bedrooms - 0, Basement Rooms: Basement Finished SQFT - 0.00, Basement Rooms: Basement Full Baths - 0, Basement Rooms: Basement Half Baths - 0, Basement Rooms: Total Basement SQFT - 0.00, Lower Rooms: Lower Half Baths - 0, Lower Rooms: Lower Bedrooms - 0, Lower Rooms: Lower Finished SQFT - 0.00, Lower Rooms: Lower Full Baths - 0, Lower Rooms: Total Lower SQFT - 0.00, Main Rooms: Main Bedrooms - 3, Main Rooms: Main Full Baths - 1, Main Rooms: Main Half Baths - 0, Main Rooms: Main Level SQFT - 1450.00, Road Frontage - 100.00
Property Sub-Type Single Family Residence
Roofing Comp Shingle
Sale Conditions None
Street Type Paved
Substructure Crawl Space, Partial Basement
Terms Available Cash/Conventional
Util Avail at Street Cable
Utilities / Sewer Public
Utilities Attached Natural Gas
Water Type Public
Waterfront Options: Waterfront Y/N No
Windows Insulated, Replacement, Screens
Bedroom 2 M 12x12
Bedroom 3 M 12x10
Dining Room M 15x13
Kitchen M 12x11
Living Room M 21x18
Master Bedroom M 15x13
Laundry Room B x
Additional Room 10x7
Listing Courtesy of James Cottier of Tala Real Estate