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Chōjin Sentai Jetman
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|Chōjin Sentai Jetman
Title Screen
Superhero fiction
Science fiction
|Created by
|Written by
|Toshiki Inoue
Kenichi Araki
Hiroyuki Kawasaki
Naruhisa Arakawa
Kunio Fujii
Asami Watanabe
Takahiko Masuda
|Directed by
|Keita Amemiya
Kiyoshi Arai
Shohei Tojo
Taro Sakamoto
Masao Minowa
|Kōtarō Tanaka
Rika Kishida
Tomihisa Naruse
Sayuri Uchida
Toshihide Wakamatsu
|Narrated by
|Tsutomu Tareki
|Opening theme
|"Chōjin Sentai Jetman" (鳥人戦隊ジェットマン Chōjin Sentai Jettoman) by Hironobu Kageyama
|Ending theme
|"The Heart is an Egg" (こころはタマゴ Kokoro wa Tamago) by Hironobu Kageyama
|Kazuhiko Toyama
|Country of origin
|Original language(s)
|No. of episodes
|Atsushi Kaji
Takeyuki Suzuki
Kyōzō Utsunomiya
|Running time
|approx. 25 minutes
|Original network
|TV Asahi
|Original release
|February 15, 1991 – February 14, 1992
|Preceded by
|Chikyu Sentai Fiveman
|Followed by
|Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger
Chōjin Sentai Jetman (Japanese: 鳥人戦隊ジェットマン Hepburn: Chōjin Sentai Jettoman, Birdman Task Force Jetman) is a Japanese tokusatsu television series produced by Toei Company and Bandai. It is the fifteenth entry of the Super Sentai television series, following the previous series Chikyu Sentai Fiveman. the series aired on TV Asahi on February 15, 1991 to February 14, 1992, with a total of 51 episodes. Also, it is the last Super Sentai series that hasn't been adapted into Power Rangers before Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters.
- 1 Plot
- 2 Characters
- 2.1 Earth Defence Force Sky Force
- 2.2 Dimensional War Party Vyram
- 3 Episodes
- 4 Cast
- 5 Songs
- 6 Development
- 7 Related media
- 8 Reception
- 9 Notes
- 10 References
- 11 External links
This series takes place in 199X.[Note 1] On the Earth Ship, the command center of a defence agency called Sky Force, the guardians of peace on Earth, scientists have developed "Birdonic Waves", a newly developed technology which gives the subject superhuman abilities. Experiments called "J-Project" were successful. Aya Odagiri, the director of the project, chooses five elite Sky Force officials from Earth to use this technology. Ryu Tendoh, one of the Sky Force officers, is successfully exposed to the Birdonic Waves, making him the first Jetman, the Red Hawk.
However, the Earth Ship is suddenly attacked by Vyram, an evil outer-dimensional organization bent on inter-dimensional domination. They successfully destroy the ship, apparently killing Ryu's lover and fellow candidate member Rie. In the chaos, the remaining Birdonic Waves for the other four officials become scattered on Earth, hitting four civilians. Odagiri and Tendoh successfully escape and begin searching on Earth for the four remaining Jetmen, training them to aid them in stopping Vyram's plans of conquering their dimension.
The series later follows the tribulations of Ryu as he learns of Rie's survival and enlistment in the Vyram forces, as well as a love triangle between Gai, Ryu, and Kaori.
Earth Defence Force Sky Force[edit]
Earth Defence Force Sky Force (地球防衛軍スカイフォース Chikyū Bōeigun Sukai Fōsu) is the military organization the Jetmen belong to.
Based at the Sky Camp (スカイキャンプ Sukai Kyanpu), a high-tech base provided by the Sky Force, the Jetmen can launch their mecha from it. Each Jetman has a wing suit called the Jet Wings in order for them to glide in the air.
Ryu Tendoh[edit]
Ryu Tendoh (天堂 竜 Tendō Ryū)/Red Hawk (レッドホーク Reddo Hōku): Born at May 10, 1965. He is 25 years old at the beginning of the series, but turns 26 in episode 13. He is originally a Sky Forcer codenamed "W6" and leader of the Jetmen. Being the only official to become a Jetman, his policy is to be always professional and never let feelings affect himself in battle, enforcing it to his team mates. This leads to a conflict when he discovers that his beloved Rie has become Maria, eventually coming to terms with the revelation as he resolves to save Rie from the Vyram's hold over her. However, Maria's death at the hands of his nemesis Radiguet exceeds into the final battle, causing him to face Radiguet alone before Kaori consoles Ryu and advises him not to take revenge. During the final battle, Ryu has his superior and the other Jetmen use Jet Icarus to destroy Raguem and Jet Garuda, injuring him as a result. Three years later, Ryu marries Kaori and the two have a son, whom they name after their late teammate, Gai.[1]
- Attacks: Wing Punch (ウイングパンチ Uingu Panchi)
Ryu Tendoh is portrayed by Kotaro Tanaka (田中 弘太郎 Tanaka Kotaro).
Kaori Rokumeikan[edit]
Kaori Rokumeikan (鹿鳴館 香 Rokumeikan Kaori)/White Swan (ホワイトスワン Howaito Suwan): The 22-year-old heiress of the Rokumeikan Enterprises empire. She is taken care of by her butler, Jiiya, since her parents live in New York City. She joined the Jetmen to escape the boredom of her heiress life. She is good at Kendo and is the best shot in Jetman. Kaori was in the middle of a love triangle with Ryū and Gai, learning in battle what a spoiled rich girl she was and what were the really important things. Raita also had feelings for her. She was once engaged to a wealthy businessman named Soichiro Kitaoji and was close to marrying him, but she quickly ended their relationship when she saw his selfishness in contrast to her team's selfless determination as warriors of justice. She does sometimes use her wealth to help the team, like when she used a lot of diamonds to try and snap Ako from the curse of the monster Red Diamond. At the end of the series, she marries Ryū and they have a son, Gai.
- Attacks: Swan Wing (スワンウィング Suwan Wingu), Swannie Attack (スワニーアタック Suwanī Atakku), Double Kick (with Yellow Owl).
Kaori Rokumeikan is portrayed by Rika Kishida (岸田 里佳 Kishida Rika).
Raita Oishi[edit]
Raita Oishi (大石 雷太 Ōishi Raita)/Yellow Owl (イエローオウル Ierō Ōru): A 22-year-old overweight, eyeglasses-wearing nature lover who enjoys vegetables, Raita hates Vyram for their destruction of nature. He was raised by his grandmother, Kiyo Ōishi, because Raita's parents were busy learning to be good at cooking. He looked after Kaori, vowing to be there for her even if he has no chance with her. As Yellow Owl, he specializes in raw strength techniques like head butts, body blows, sumo-based techniques, and hurling boulders. Three years after Vyram is defeated, he runs a farm with his childhood friend, Satsuki, before later taking their business to the next level via the internet.
- Attacks: Rock Drop (岩石落とし Ganseki Otoshi), Deadly Thrust (必殺つっぱり Hissatsu Tsuppari), Condor/Owl Towering Attack, Double Kick (ダブルキック Daburu Kikku) (with White Swan).
Raita Oishi is portrayed by Ikko Tadano (ただの いっこ Tadano Ikko) (Credited under Tomihisa Naruse (成瀬 富久 Naruse Tomihisa)).
Ako Hayasaka[edit]
Ako Hayasaka (早坂 アコ Hayasaka Ako)/Blue Swallow (ブルースワロー Burū Suwarō): An 18-year-old senior student at Miharakita High School, Ako was a bright and cheerful girl who wants to marry a rich man. She first thought of being a Jetman as a means to get ¥1,500 per hour, but her first battle helps her see justice and made her realize that she must fight for good. She is best friends with her classmate, Kyōko, who learned of her true identity during the voice Jigen incident. From the Gomi Jigen incident, the monster being her childhood toy Pootan, Ako learns of how wasteful humans can be. She debuts as an idol singer three years after the fall of Vyram.
- Attacks: Swallow Dash (スワローダーッシュ Suwarō Dāsshu).
Ako Hayasaka is portrayed by Sayuri Uchida (内田 さゆり Uchida Sayuri).
Gai Yuki[edit]
Gai Yuki (結城 凱 Yūki Gai)/Black Condor (ブラックコンドル Burakku Kondoru): The 25-year-old second-in-command of the Jetmen, a loner who hates being told what to do. Gai loves to fight but prefers things to work out without violence. Gai's fighting styles are street fighting and mixed martial arts: his combat skills match Ryu's, though he fights dirty and hits below the belt sometimes. He initially clashes with Ryū when drafted against his will, but they eventually become friends. His interests include motorcycle, swimming, saxophone, gambling and womanizing. He loves Kaori, and often tries to flirt with her, without results, which ends up with him suffering from the frustration of his unreciprocated feelings. When she finally accepts him, they frequently have problems in their relationship, as they are too different. He is rivals with Grey. He defeated Grey in their final encounter, in which a part of his helmet was damaged. Years after the defeat of Vyram, while buying a bouquet for Ryu and Kaori's wedding, Gai chases after a mugger, who stabs him in the stomach. He makes it to the church after the wedding party and talks to Ryu before he dies of his wound while watching everyone enjoy themselves. Ryu and Kaori name their son after him.
- Attacks: Condor Finish (コンドルフィニッシュ Kondoru Finisshu), Condor/Owl Towering Attack (コンドルオウルタワーリングアタック Kondoru Ōru Tawāringu Atakku).
Gai Yuki is portrayed by Toshihide Wakamatsu (若松 俊秀 Wakamatsu Toshihide).
- Cross Changer (クロスチェンジャー Kurosu Chenjā): The transformation bracelet, worn on the right wrist. They transform by shouting the device's name and pressing a bird shaped button on the bracelet.
- Corresponder (コレスポンダー Koresupondā): The communication device for the team. It contains an icon representing each member's respective bird which can be placed in the "Bird Lock" (バードロック Bādo Rokku) on the control console of the Jetmen's mecha to form Jet Ícarus. It is worn on the left wrist.
- Jet Hand Cannons (ジェットハンドカノン Jetto Hando Kanon): A combination of the Bird Blaster and Bringer Sword. With it, the Jetmen can execute the Bird Bomber (バードボンバー Bādo Bonbā) team attack.
- Bird Blasters (バードブラスター Bādo Burasutā): Standard sidearm weapons.
- Bringer Swords (ブリンガーソード Buringā Sōdo): Longswords used by the Jetmen.
- Beak Smashers (ビークスマッシャー Bīku Sumasshā): Advanced guns with seeker lasers.
- Smash Bombers (スマッシュボンバー Sumasshu Bonbā): A combination of the Bird Blaster and Beak Smasher. With it, the Jetmen can execute a team attack of the same name.
- Wing Gauntlet (ウィングガントレット Wingu Gantoretto): Gauntlets equipped with electrowaves, used to perform Wing Punch (ウイングパンチ Uingu Panchi). It can also fire Wing Beams (ウィングビーム Wingu Bīmu).
- Jet Striker (ジェットストライカー Jetto Sutoraikā): Red's buggy, transforms into Fire Bazooka (Faiyā Bazūka). Its maximum speed is 500 kilometers per hour.
- Jet Bouncer (ジェットバンサー Jetto Bansā): Yellow and White's Toyota Hilux four-wheeled drive. Its maximum speed is 400 kilometers per hour.
- Jet Speeders (ジェットスピーダー Jetto Supīdā): Black and Blue's motorcycles. Its maximum speed is 360 kilometers per hour.
- Jet Icarus (ジェットイカロス Jetto Ikarosu):[Note 2] A giant robot formed with all five Jet Machine fighter jets by the command "Combine! Scramble Wing" (合体! スクラムウイング Gattai! Sukuramu Uingu). It destroys monsters using the Birdonic Sabre (バードニックセイバー Bādonikku Seibā). Its other weapons are the Shot Puncher (ショットパンチャー Shotto Panchā), Icarus Crusher, Icarus Axe (イカロスアックス Icaros Akkusu), Icarus Magna (イカロスマグナ Ikarosu Maguna), Jet Lancer (ジェットランサー Jetto Ransā), Jet Dagger (ジェットダガー Jetto Dagā), and the Wing Shield (ウィングシールド Wingu Shīrudo). It can reform into the Icarus Haken (イカロスハーケン Ikarosu Hāken) when the command of "Combine! Jet Scramble" (合体! ジェットスクラム Gattai! Jetto Sukuramu) is given, and its ultimate attack is the Jet Phoenix (ジェットフェニックス Jetto Fenikkusu).
- Jet Hawk (ジェットホーク Jetto Hōku): Red Hawk's individual Jet Machine. It forms the frontal section of the Icarus Haken, the head and chest of the Jet Icarus, and the head and the center of the chest of the Great Icarus. Despite it being somewhat destroyed, it appears again in Gaoranger vs Super Sentai.
- Jet Condor (ジェットコンドル Jetto Kondoru): Black Condor's individual Jet Machine. It forms the right rudder of the Icarus Haken, the left leg of the Jet Icarus, and the left upper leg of the Great Icarus.
- It was repainted and renamed Jet Eagle (ジェットイーグル Jetto Īguru) after Green Eagle (Jeffrey Kensaki) replaced the slain Black Condor in the manga.
- Jet Owl (ジェットオウル Jetto Ōru): Yellow Owl's individual Jet Machine. It forms the right wing of the Icarus Haken, the right arm of the Jet Icarus, and the right upper arm of the Great Icarus.
- Jet Swan (ジェットスワン Jetto Suwan): White Swan's individual Jet Machine. It forms the left rudder of the Icarus Haken, the right leg of the Jet Icarus, and the right upper leg of the Great Icarus.
- Jet Swallow (ジェットスワロー Jetto Suwarō): Blue Swallow's individual Jet Machine. It forms the left wing of the Icarus Haken, the left arm of the Jet Icaros and the Wing Shield, and the left upper arm of the Great Icaros.
- Jet Garuda (ジェットガルーダ Jetto Garūda): Jetman's second robot that transforms from an airship called the Bird Garuda (バードガルーダ Bādo Garūda). Actually an alien space-ship built and manned by the three survivors of the Kingdom of Dimensia, one of the many dimensional planes conquered by Vyram. When the command "Transform! Jet Garuda" (変形! ジェットガルーダ Henkei! Jetto Garūda) is given, the cockpit of the Bird Garuda forms the head, the tailfins become the back, the rear intakes become the feet, and the forward engines are the shoulders (the forearms and lower legs slide back). It forms the headdress, body (with the Jet Hawk as the center), forearms, and lower legs of the Great Icarus and attaches to the rear of the Icarus Haken to form the Hyper Haken. It is armed with the Dia Blizzard (ダイヤブリザード Daiya Burizādo, Dia meaning "diamond"), Wing Slasher (ウィングスラッシャー Wingu Surasshā), Garud Searcher (ガルドサーチャー Garudo Sāchā) and the Garuda Burst (ガルーダバースト Garūda Bāsuto). Its finishing attack is the Garuda Claw (ガルーダクロー Garūda Kurō). It was made by Dimensia Fighters Ray, Kanna and Dan. It was destroyed in the final battle, but is shown rebuilt in the sequel manga.
- Great Icarus (グレートイカロス Gurēto Ikarosu): The combination of the Jet Icarus and the Jet Garuda into a powerful robot, formed from the command "Combine! Great Scramble" (合体! グレートスクラム Gattai! Gurēto Sukuramu), and armed with Great Beam (グレートビーム Gurēto Bīmu). It destroys monsters with its ultimate finishing attack, the Bird Maser (バードメーザー Bādo Mēzā). When the command "Combine! Haken Scramble" (合体! ハーケンスクラム Gattai! Hāken Sukuramu) is given, it can reform into the Hyper Haken (ハイパーハーケン Haipā Hāken, Haken is German for "hook" or "mark"). It is armed with the Hyper Buster (ハイパーバスター Haipā Basutā) and its finishing attack is the Hyper G Attack (ハイパー・G・アタック Haipā Jī Atakku). It was first used to destroy the monster Semimaru.
- Tetra Boy (テトラボーイ Tetorabōi): An AI-gifted robot specialized in quick movements and boxing attacks. It can transform into the Tetra Buster (テトラバスター Tetorabasutā) cannon, used by the Jet Icarus or the Jet Garuda. It is rendered useless by Raguem after he severs the Tetra Boy's arms in the final battle.
Aya Odagiri[edit]
Commander Aya Odagiri (小田切綾長官 Odagiri Aya-chōkan): The first female commander of Sentai. She is good at martial arts, and the inventor of the team vehicles. She can be both caring and severe to the Jetmen, and the most important thing to her is the life of her underlings, so much that she is willing to fight in the line of fire if necessary. Her subordinates call her "Chōkan" (meaning 'chief' or 'commander'). She pilots Jet Garuda when necessary such as in the final battle.
Commander Aya Odagiri is portrayed by Mikiko Miki (三輝 みきこ Miki Mikiko).
Supreme Commander Ichijō[edit]
Supreme Commander Ichijō (一条総司令 Ichijō Sōshirei, 40-41) : A Sky Force officer who cares only for himself and bears a grudge against Aya for being the commanding officer in the Jetmen project. With his Neo-Jetmen, Ichijō takes command of Aya's station, bent on making her suffer while removing her Jetmen from the picture. However, after his true colors are revealed, Ichijō is removed from his position before being attacked by Meteor BEM.
Neo Jetman[edit]
- Neo Jetman (ネオジェットマン Neo Jettoman) (40-41): J1 through J5, team created by Supreme Commander Ichijō to replace the Jetmen, having Birdonic Reactors implanted in bodies. J1 (Yūta Mochizuki who later went on to play Geki/Tyranno Ranger in Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger) armed with the Neo Sword, J2 armed with the Neo Stinger scythe, J4 armed with the Neo Slicer boomerang, all wield Neo Shōoter guns and Neo Mine grenades, and their group attack is the Flare Buster twin cannon. They eventually give the Birdonic energies to the Jetmen in order to restore their powers. In the sequel manga, they are shown repowered and in charge of protecting Japan after the original Jetman's powers have faded over time. Ultimately they make way for the true Jetman once again.
- Back Dimension Dimensian Soldiers (裏次元ディメンシアンの戦士 Urajigen Dimenshia no Senshi) (23-24): The last three warriors of Dimensia, a realm destroyed by Vyram. The group composed of Ray (レイ Rei) (played by Yasuhiro Ishiwata, who previously played Bun/Blue Flash from Chōshinsei Flashman), his lover Kanna (カンナ Kanna)(Kanako Maeda, formerly Momoko/Pink Mask in Hikari Sentai Maskman), and the youthful Dan (ダン Dan) (Hideki Fujiwara, who went on to play Dan/Tricera Ranger in Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger), they chased Vyram to Earth with the Bird Garuda. While Ray and Kanna work with the Jetmen in their fight against Semimaru, Dan becomes romantically interested at Ako when they meet, causing him to express his feelings in a comical fashion. After Ray and Kanna are killed by Radiguet when he hijacks Jet Garuda, Dan assumes his fighting form and is mortally wounded taking the robot back from Radiguet. He dies soon after Ako expresses her feelings about him.
- Back Dimension Berserker Soldiers (裏次元ベルセルクの戦士 Urajigen Beruseruku no Senshi) (29): The two warriors from Berserk, a realm destroyed by Vyram force under Radiguet whose people can transmutate any item into weapons, though they can disard that very power to heal. Arriving to Earth, while Duran (デュラン Dyuran) is cared for by the Jetmen, Lou (ルー Rū) attempts to kill Radiguet. However, after Lu realizes the error of her ways and Duran is saved from the control of the monster Armor Snake, the two leave Earth to find a world they can find peace in.
Dimensional War Party Vyram[edit]
The Dimensional War Party Vyram (次元戦団バイラム Jigen Sendan Bairamu) appears as a clan of outer-dimensional nobles, who conquered many worlds in the Back Dimension, and are now moving on to Front Dimension, ours. They boast about having achieved godhood, while they despise humans and see them as stupid and worthless. Their base of operations is the Vylock (バイロック Bairokku), a brain-shaped castle capable of traversing dimensions and sending its forces to Earth due to its Dimensional Transfer Machine. After their leader got lost in the Back Dimension, its four leading members compete in a game to defeat the Jetmen with the prize being full-leadership. Tran eventually becomes powerful enough to assume command, but is deposed by Radiguet, who leads Vyram up to its destruction.
Back Dimensional Count Radiguet[edit]
Back Dimensional Count Radiguet (裏次元伯爵ラディゲ Urajigen Hakushaku Radige): A cold-hearted officer who is the nearest presence to a leader of Vyram, refusing to acknowledge anyone above and will do anything to accomplish his goals including being the one who kills the Jetmen. In battle, Radiguet wields the Demon Sword Bloody Gate (魔剣ブラディゲート Maken Buradi Gēto) and can transform into his true form, Evil Beast Radigan (凶獣ラディガン Kyōjū Radigan), when enraged. When Juuza returned to power, Radiguet attempts to kill her and ends being punished for his treachery by living as a human with no memory of his life in Vyram. Cared for by Saki, a girl on the verge of death, Radiguet unconsciously saves her life with his power. But though he wanted nothing to do with his past, Radiguet eventually regains his memories and helps the Jetmen in fighting Juuza. After killing Juuza to acquire Semimaru, Radiguet kills Saki to discard his humanity before nurturing Semimaru to assume its adult form though it was destroyed by the Great Icarus. Radiguet later attempt to bring the Majin under his control, managing to succeed with Ramon when he absorbed Gorg. When Tranza takes over the Vyram throne, Radiguet attempts to kill him off, only to be made an example of by the stronger opponent and forced into humbling himself before Tranza. Baring a terrible grudge against Tranza since then, Radiguet allied himself with Maria and Grey to summon the meteor used to create Meteor BEM to take out the Jetmen, enraged to find Tranza used his plan as a springboard from his own scheme. Attempting to sabotage Veronica, Radiguet is hooked up to have his life force sucked out. However, instead of having the life sucked out of him, Radiguet drains Veronica's power. Later, after using the Jetmen to do his dirty work, Radiquet tortures Tranza before breaking his mind and leaving him powerless, becoming Vyram's leader. Ultimately, the side effects of his power boost manifest in his newly gained giant form, the armored Raguem (ラゲム Ragemu) (48), (50-51). After killing Rie so Red Hawk could not have her, Radiguet battles him until the other Jetmen arrive. After the five Jetmen defeat him, Radiguet assumes his Raguem form which not even the Great Icarus is a match for until the Tetra Boy exposes the weak point Rie made. To counter their advantage over him, Raguem assimilates the Vylock into armor that he uses to overpower the Tetra Boy. The Great Icarus separates and Ryu uses the Jet Garuda to rip the armor off and the others destroy both the Jet Garuda and Raguem. Radiguet says that he will continue to curse the Jetmen for eternity from the Back Dimension before he explodes.
Back Dimensional Count Radiguet is portrayed by Daisuke Tachi (舘 大介 Tachi Daisuke). He changed his name to Masaki Tachi (舘正貴Tachi Masaki).[2]
Tran (トラン Toran) (1-36) / Emperor Tranza (帝王トランザ Teiō Toranza) (36-47): A psychokinetic child who suggested a game to settle who would be Vyram's new leader. He specialized into creating toy-ish monsters to satisfy his fun desires, and thought both enemy or ally fatalities as "just part of the fun". Being the youngest of the Vyram was a big complex to him until his failed attempt to take out the Jetmen during their retreat to the Yamada Ranch was the last straw. The constant anger became unbearable to the point of Tran using it energy to undergo a super-rapid growth. With his new-found power and maturity, Tranza easily defeats both his comrades and Jetmen for underestimating him before seizing leadership of Vyram. In addition to his psychokinetic powers, and new-found arrogant nature, he can now assume disguises and wields the Boltranza (ボルトランザ Borutoranza) rapier. After his Veronica scheme was ruined by Radiguet, after completing his new Bio Gun, Tranza heads out to hunt both him and Jetmen down. Fighting the entire Jetman team on his own, Tranza uses his Bio Gun to turn each Jetman member into a trophy portrait until only Ryu remained. However, with Radiguet aiding Red Hawk before betraying him, the Bio Gun is destroyed and the others are freed as they use Jet Bazooka on Tranza. Though he survives the attacks, Radiguet tortures Tranza before sparring him to live in misery in a catatonic state at a mental institution.
Tran is portrayed by Miku Kuga (久我 未来 Kuga Miku). Emperor Tranza is portrayed by Yutaka Hirose (広瀬 裕 Hirose Yūtaka).
Maria (マリア Maria) (1-49): She was formerly known as Rie Aoi (藍リエ Aoi Rie), ranked Sky Forcer W3, a love interest of Ryu's who plays the piano. Though originally to be a Jetman, Vyram's attack on the Earth Ship resulted with Rie being sucked into space. However, Rie is saved by Radiguet, who brainwashed her to be devoid of her memories as a human and made an official of Vyram. However, though he loved her and tells her that she is his, Maria defies Radiguet to suit her own agenda to be leader of Vyram. She loves to battle, and her methods are cruel and cold. She is armed with the Necrod, which has sword, gun, and whip modes. The monsters created by her were often motivated by envy, and attacked mainly women. Since the Camera Jigen incident, unconsciously playing the piano, Maria develops a relationship with Grey. Since then, she played piano music for Grey despite not knowing why, until her identity was found out and the relationship got difficult. Grey was willing to let her go if it made her happy. During the Majin incident, Maria momentarily reverted to Rie until Radiguet forced her back to her Vyram persona with a vendetta against Red Hawk. Eventually forfeiting their contest, Maria accepts Radiguet's proposal of ruling by his side in return of becoming even stronger than she is now. As a result, Maria is infected by a parasite born from Radiguet's blood that turns her into a vampiric being as she targets men, though unaware that she would transform into mindless puppet overtime. While fighting Ryu, Maria assumes her monstrous form as she battles Red Hawk before assuming Rie's appearance to catch him off guard as the parasite transfers itself to Ryu in order to have him take out the Jetmen. While Ryu manages to return to normal, Maria is in the final stage of her transformation as she defeats the other Jetmen before Ryu arrives and manages to reach Rie, causing Maria to remember her true self as she reverts to her true form. When Radiguet comes to reclaim her, Rie pretends that she will go with him, only to stab him in the back before he mortally wounds her. Before her death, Rie asks Ryu to leave her out of it before being spirited away by Grey. Her ghost later appeared in the finale, saying farewell to Ryu after his marriage to Kaori.
Maria is portrayed by Maho Maruyama (丸山 真穂 Maho Maruyama).
Grey (グレイ Gurei) (1-50): A robot who ironically was always the most reasoning member of the Vyram. He is armed with the Grey Cannon (グレイキャノン Gurei Kyanon), Mulshot Gun (マルショットガン Marushotto Gan), and Hand Greyzer (ハンドグレイザー Hando Gureizā). Despite being a robot, he showed human feelings, especially love for wine, music, cigars, and particularly Maria, learning to play the piano from example. As a result, Grey supports Maria in shielding her when fighting Jetman, seeing Gai Yuki as an ideal rival. Learning of Radiguet's plan for her, Grey attempts to talk Maria out of it to no avail. This forces Grey to ask the Jetmen to save Maria. However, he instead takes her dying body away as he takes her death hard. With nothing to live for other than his code as a soldier, Grey calls Gai out in a final match. Eventually, Grey is mortally damaged as Gai lit his one last cigar as a sign of acknowledgment as a worthy rival before Grey shuts down.
Grey is portrayed by Hideaki Kusaka (日下 秀昭 Kusaka Hideaki).
Empress Juuza[edit]
Empress Juuza (女帝ジューザ Jotei Jūza) (17-18): The previous ruler of Vyram, referring to herself as the mother of all creation, Juuza along her underlings Radiguet, Grey, and Tran had conquered the Reverse dimension's worlds. While able to use telekinesis and breathe fire in her human form, Juuza can assume a Demon Beast form where she fires bullets from her fingers and shock-waves and beams from her mouth. Thought to be dead in the last battle in the back dimension, she actually went under a long sleep to regain her strength after acquiring the Semimaru and incubating it, and came to Earth via a meteorite. She makes her presence known by causing a momentary blackout across the city. By the time the Jetmen investigate, finding Radiguet as he was about to kill her while asleep, Juuza emerges and resumes control of Vyram. She then proceeds to turn every human in the city into a crystal pillar so she can feed Semimaru. The Jetmen nearly lose to her as Gai is affected by Juuza's spell. After banishing Radiguet for his treachery, Juuza resumes her attack as the Jetmen battle her before Gai succumbs to Juuza's spell. With some unexpected assistance from Radiguet, the Jetmen destroy her forehead crystal to free everyone she turned into crystal. Enraged that her face is scarred, Juuza assumes her Demon Beast form as the rest of Vyram and Black Condor join the fight against her as the Jetmen use the Fire Bazooka to defeat her. Near death, she is killed by Radiguet when he jabs his sword onto her throat just before Semimaru hatched.
Grinam Soldiers[edit]
Grinam Soldiers (グリナム兵 Gurinamu Hei): The black-skinned grunts born from Grinam seeds. They are armed with axes and capable of launching explosive shells from their hands. The group were later summoned by Zaigan during Super Sentai World.
|Original air date
|"Seek the Warriors"
"Senshi o Sagase" (戦士を探せ)
|February 15, 1991
|"The Third Warrior"
"Daisan no Senshi" (第三の戦士)
|February 22, 1991
|"The Power of Five"
"Itsutsu no Chikara" (五つの力)
|March 1, 1991
|"The Fighting Bride"
"Tatakau Hanayome" (戦う花嫁)
|March 8, 1991
|"Fall for Me"
"Ore ni Horero" (俺に惚れろ)
|March 15, 1991
|"Get Angry, Robo!"
"Ikare Robo!" (怒れロボ!)
|March 22, 1991
|"Ryu's Marriage!?"
"Ryū no Kekkon!?" (竜の結婚!?)
|March 29, 1991
|"The Laughing Diamond"
"Warau Daiya" (笑うダイヤ)
|April 5, 1991
|"Muddy Love"
"Doronko no Koi" (泥んこの恋)
|April 12, 1991
|"Cup Noodles"
"Kappu Men" (カップめん)
|April 19, 1991
|"A Dangerous Game"
"Kiken na Asobi" (危険な遊び)
|April 26, 1991
|"Hellbound Bus"
"Jigokuyuki Basu" (地獄行バス)
|May 3, 1991
|"Maze of Love"
"Ai no Meiro" (愛の迷路)
|May 10, 1991
|"Love's Deadly Bazooka"
"Ai no Hissatsu Bazūka" (愛の必殺
|May 17, 1991
|"High School Student Warrior"
"Kōkōsei Senshi" (高校生戦士)
|May 24, 1991
|"The Papers' Revolution"
"Kamigami no Hanran" (紙々の叛乱)
|May 31, 1991
|"The Revived Empress"
"Fukkatsu no Jotei" (復活の女帝)
|June 7, 1991
|"Gai Dies!"
"Gai, Shisu!" (凱、死す!)
|June 14, 1991
|"I Can See!"
"Miemasu!" (見えます!)
|June 21, 1991
|"Marriage Vacuum Cleaner"
"Kekkon Sōjiki" (結婚掃除機)
|June 28, 1991
|"Walking Garbage"
"Aruku Gomi" (歩くゴミ)
|July 5, 1991
|"Exploding Love"
"Bakuhatsu Suru Koi" (爆発する恋)
|July 12, 1991
|"A New Squadron Debuts"
"Shin Sentai Tōjō" (新戦隊登場)
|July 19, 1991
|"Launch, Super Robot"
"Shutsugeki Sūpā Robo" (出撃
|July 26, 1991
|"The Laughing Shadow-People"
"Warau Kage Ningen" (笑う影人間)
|August 2, 1991
|"I'm a Primitive"
"Boku wa Genshijin" (僕は原始人)
|August 9, 1991
|"The Great Escape From Hell"
"Makai Dai Dasshutsu" (魔界大脱出)
|August 16, 1991
|"The Founding Dimensional Beast"
"Ganso Jigenjū" (元祖次元獣)
|August 23, 1991
|"The Final Battle"
"Saigo no Tatakai" (最後の戦い)
|August 30, 1991
|"The Three Majin Stand"
"San Majin Tatsu" (三魔神起つ)
|September 6, 1991
|"The Squadron Disbands"
"Sentai Kaisan!" (戦隊解散!)
|September 13, 1991
|"Wings!! One More Time"
"Tsubasa yo! Futatabi" (翼よ!再び)
|September 20, 1991
|"It's a Cockroach"
"Gokiburi Da" (ゴキブリだ)
|September 27, 1991
|"Traitorous Ryu"
"Uragiri no Ryū" (裏切りの竜)
|October 4, 1991
|"The Fighting Courage Given by a Dove"
"Hato ga Kureta Tatakau Yūki" (鳩がくれた戦う勇気)
|October 11, 1991
|"A Walking Appetite! Ant-People"
"Aruku Shokuyoku! Ari Ningen" (歩く食欲!アリ人間)
|October 18, 1991
|"Birth! Emperor Tranza"
"Tanjō! Teiō Toranza" (誕生!帝王トランザ)
|October 25, 1991
|"Sudden Hammer!"
"Ikinari Hanmā!" (いきなりハンマー!)
|November 1, 1991
|"Spin, Roulette of Life"
"Mawase Inochi no Rūretto" (廻せ命のルーレット)
|November 8, 1991
|"Command! Change the Squadron"
"Meirei! Sentai Kōtai Seyo" (命令!戦隊交代せよ)
|November 15, 1991
|"Transformation Impossible! The Base Destroyed"
"Henshin Funō! Kichi Kaimetsu" (変身不能!基地壊滅)
|November 22, 1991
|"Sleep on My Chest!"
"Ore no Mune de Nemure!" (おれの胸で眠れ!)
|November 29, 1991
|"Sneak into the Commander's Body"
"Chōkan no Karada ni Sennyū Seyo" (長官の体に潜入せよ)
|December 6, 1991
|"Majin Robot! Veronica"
"Majin Robo! Beronika" (魔神ロボ!ベロニカ)
|December 13, 1991
|"Victorious Hot Milk"
"Shōri no Hotto Miruku" (勝利のホットミルク)
|December 20, 1991
|"The Tomato Field's Great Demon King"
"Tomato-batake no Daimaō" (トマト畑の大魔王)
|January 10, 1992
|"Emperor Tranza's Glory"
"Teiō Toranza no Eikō" (帝王トランザの栄光)
|January 17, 1992
|"A Kiss That Calls Death"
"Shi o Yobu Kuchizuke" (死を呼ぶくちづけ)
|January 24, 1992
|"Maria... Her Love and Death"
"Maria… Sono Ai to Shi" (マリア…その愛と死)
|January 31, 1992
|"Respective Battles to the Death"
"Sorezore no Shitō" (それぞれの死闘)
|February 7, 1992
|"Flap Your Wings! Birdmen!"
"Habatake! Chōjin yo" (はばたけ!鳥人よ)
|February 14, 1992
- Ryu Tendoh (天堂 竜 Tendō Ryū): Kōtarō Tanaka (田中 弘太郎 Tanaka Kotaro)
- Kaori Rokumeikan (鹿鳴館 香 Rokumeikan Kaori): Rika Kishida (岸田 里佳 Kishida Rika)
- Raita Oishi (大石 雷太 Ōishi Raita): Ikko Tadano (ただの いっこ Tadano Ikko) (Credited under Tomihisa Naruse (成瀬 富久 Naruse Tomihisa))
- Ako Hayasaka (早坂 アコ Hayasaka Ako): Sayuri Uchida (内田 さゆり Uchida Sayuri)
- Gai Yuki (結城 凱 Yūki Gai): Toshihide Wakamatsu (若松 俊秀 Wakamatsu Toshihide)
- Commander Aya Odagiri (小田切綾長官 Odagiri Aya-chōkan): Mikiko Miki (三輝 みきこ Miki Mikiko)
- Jiiya: Yuzo Hayakawa (早川 雄三 Hayakawa Yūzō)
- Rie Aoi (藍リエ Aoi Rie)/Maria (マリア Maria): Maho Maruyama (丸山 真穂 Maho Maruyama)
- Back Dimensional Count Radiguet (裏次元伯爵ラディゲ Urajigen Hakushaku Radige): Daisuke Tachi (舘 大介 Tachi Daisuke)
- Tran (トラン Toran): Miku Kuga (久我 未来 Kuga Miku)
- Emperor Tranza (帝王トランザ Teiō Toranza) : Yutaka Hirose (広瀬 裕 Hirose Yūtaka)
- Grey (グレイ Gurei): Hideaki Kusaka (日下 秀昭 Kusaka Hideaki, also Voice)
- Narrator: Tsutomu Tareki (垂木 勉 Tareki Tsutomu)
- Opening theme
- "Chōjin Sentai Jetman" (鳥人戦隊ジェットマン Chōjin Sentai Jettoman)
- Lyrics: Toyohisa Araki (荒木 とよひさ Araki Toyohisa)
- Composition and Arrangement: Gōji Tsuno (つの ごうじ Tsuno Gōji)
- Artist: Hironobu Kageyama
- Ending theme
- "Kokoro wa Tamago" (こころはタマゴ, "The Heart is an Egg")
- Lyrics: Toyohisa Araki
- Composition: Kōji Tsuno
- Arrangement: Kenji Yamamoto
- Artist: Hironobu Kageyama
Chōjin Sentai Jetman is the first Sentai series that paid homage to another series, Science Ninja Team Gatchaman. Developed before the ending of Chikyu Sentai Fiveman, Toei chose Keita Amemiya to be the series's director. During its development, the series is once called "Chōjin Sentai Birdman" (超人戦隊バードマン Chōjin Sentai Bādoman, Lit. Superhuman Task Force Birdman),[3] and searched for actors who would play the main characters. One of them were Toshihide Wakamatsu who would go on to play Gai Yuki/Black Condor. Before the series, the members were all referred to by their color but both Amemiya and Suzuki said that "this [was] unnatural" and decided the characters to refer each other by their names instead of their colors. Episodes without the characters transforming and fighting were also proposed, but seriously opposed by Bandai until the later half of the series.
The more mature themes such as drama, romantic love triangles and tragedy were in the series's after Takeyuki Suzuki watched Tosho Daimos, and wanted to capture its "high romance". Both the comedy and dramatic tones influenced the series's overall popularity and had become its defining part.
Related media[edit]
Following the conclusion of the TV series, the series main screenwriter, Toshiki Inoue, wrote a trilogy of Jetman novels from 1992 to 1995 that retold the events of the TV series. The novels were written specifically for adult fans of the TV series and included mature content, such as detailed descriptions of sexual intercourse between Ryū and Rie, Gai and Kaori, and Radiguet and Maria. Empress Jūza, a one-off villain in the series, had an extended role while the Dimensional Beasts and giant robots were eliminated, with the Jetmen fighting humans subjected to the Vyram's experiments instead.[4][5][6]
A manga sequel to Jetman was published in 1996 authored by Akiko Fujii, in cooperation with the series' writing team (still under the Saburo Yatsude pen name). It was titled Chōjin Sentai Jetman: Toki o Kakete (鳥人戦隊ジェットマン 時を駆けて, "Time Flies"). Set five years after the series (and, therefore, two years after the story ends), it shows the four remaining Jetmen rejoining to battle a revived Radiguet, who had possessed Tranza's broken body. Radiguet kidnaps Ryu and Kaori's one-year-old daughter Aya Tendoh and, much in the same way he turned Rie into Maria before, he accelerates her growth and brainwashes her into becoming Ruma, whom he considers a daughter. Meanwhile, Gai's empty spot in the team is filled by a young rock guitarist called Jeffrey "Jeff" Kenzaki (ジェフリィ剣崎 Jefuryi Kenzaki), who is empowered by Birdonic Waves after a meteorite crashes next to him, and becomes Green Eagle (グリーンイーグル Gurīn Īguru). In this manga series, the Jetmen uniform is slightly different, with the helmets more closely resembling those of Gatchaman (translucent, protruding visors, and uncovered faces).
Video game[edit]
A video game version of Chōjin Sentai Jetman was released for the Famicom on December 21, 1991. The game was published by Angel (a subsidiary of Bandai) and developed by Natsume. It is a single-player side-scrolling action game where the player assumes role one of the Jetmen members as they fight against the forces of Vyram. The player can choose which Jetman they want to control at the start of each stage, each having their own weapon and maximum hit points:
- Red Hawk and Black Condor: Bringer Sword, 8 hit points
- Yellow Owl: Wing Gauntlet, 7 hit points
- Blue Swallow and White Swan: Bird Blasters, 6 hit points
The initial five stages, Area A to Area E, can be played in any order, while the sixth and final stage, Area F, becomes available once the others have cleared. Each stage begins with a standard side-scrolling level in which the player fight their way to the end of the level in order to reach the stage's boss. Each Jetman has three types of attack: a weapon attack, a kick, and a special attack that destroys all enemies, but can only be used once (unless a replenishment is found). The boss segments consists of one-on-one battles between the team's giant robot, the Great Icarus, and a giant monster (all based on monsters from the show). The player has a four-level power gauge that will gradually fill up during the course of battle, which can be used to perform one of four possible special attacks.
The following is a list of bosses in the game and the stages where they appear:
- Mirror Jigen (Area A)
- Camera Jigen (Area B)
- Bus Jigen (Area C)
- Light Armadillo (Area D)
- Dimensional Mammoth (Area E)
- Destruction Beast Semimaru (Area F)
The game features four difficulty settings, a password option, and a Battle Mode where the player can fight against any of the first five bosses.
As of 2015, the series has become one of the most popular and darkest entries in the Super Sentai Franchise. It officially gained a much wider audience and got a rating of 7.1% average, beating Fiveman's 6.5%. Despite the series also receiving criticism for adding "romance drama to a children's show", Gai Yuki became an instant hit with Japanese mothers; who sent clemency pleas to TV Asahi so that they did not kill him off. It is still today considered to Sentai fans a masterpiece and topped the number 1 popular vote in both Bandai's B-CLUB magazine and Toei's "Super Sentai Request Tournament".[citation needed]
In the end, total revenue from the series greatly exceeded over 15 billion yen.
Jetman was originally going to be adapted into the first season of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.
- ^ The year is only addressed as "199X", but is later shown to be 1991, notably through Rie's tombstone.
- ^ The kana イカロス is normally used as a Japanese transliteration of the Greek name Íkaros, rather than the Latin name Icarus, which is transliterated as イカルス. However, the DX Chōgōkin toy version of the robot released by Bandai and the Famicom video game by Angel both use the name "Icarus" when the name is spelled in Roman script.
- ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Archived from the original on July 26, 2014. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
- ^ "優企画/舘正貴". Netlaputa.ne.jp. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
- ^ "EPISODE ONE". Retrieved 2011-08-08.
- ^ Toshiki, Inoue (1992). ジェットマン: 俺に惚れろ!, Volume 1. Shogakukan. ISBN 4094400311.
- ^ Toshiki, Inoue (1993). ジェットマン: 爆発する恋, Volume 2. Shogakukan. ISBN 409440032X.
- ^ Toshiki, Inoue (1995). ジェットマン: 俺の胸で眠れ!, Volume 3. Shogakukan. ISBN 4094400338.
External links[edit]
- Chōjin Sentai Jetman at the official Super Sentai website (in Japanese)


text:
Earth, Plant and Compost
William F. Brinton
Regular Price
Sale Price
A great little book! Everything you've ever wanted to know about composting - including HOW to do it! Well illustrated, too!
Topics include:
- General principles of composting
- Source ingredients for composting
- Composting methods
- Sheer or surface composting
- Evaluting compost quality
- Compost uses
- Compost mulching
- Composting for kitchens and family gardens
- Special composts
- Glossary of technical terms for compost and soil
- Compost and related bibliography
- Useful addresses - technical assistance
What it is - How it is made - What it does
H. H. Koepf
Softbound Booklet
$6.00Add a review
An early classic of biodynamic gardening and farming literature, Koepf's booklet is the most concise, jam-packed description of the art of creating soil fertility from refuse. All the information you need to successfully build your own compost piles is included in the 18 pages of Compost. Can't be beat for usefulness and economy!
Note: for those of you who are visual learners, please be aware that there are no pictures in Compost. If illustrations are important to you, you will be much happier with Earth, Plant and Compost, sold above.
Carrots Love Tomatoes
Secrets of Companion Planting for Successful Gardening
Louise Riotte
$14.95Add a review
Louise Riotte first published Carrots Love Tomatoes in 1979 - and thus taught generations of gardeners how to see their gardens and the plants in them in a new way. Since then, Carrots Love Tomatoes has been revised, expanded, updated and has become even more widely known and beloved than ever.
Riotte's understanding of companion planting, and her practical experience with it exceeds anything else we have seen - including Philbrick and Gregg's Companion Plants and How to Use Them (which is prominently featured in her Biblography). Her familiarity with Biodynamics and Philbrick and Gregg's book simply leaps off the page just as her independent, deepened work with companion planting carries this work forward and has made it available and useful to many who have never heard of either of her predecessors.
I should add that we have used companion planting for years with great success and that Louise Riotte's book is both a rigorous resource and a delightful "read": she's warm, funny, and interesting in all kinds of ways. In fact, you may want to read it before you use it - once you put it in your garden shed (where, if you're like us, you'll go back to it time and again as you plant) it's likely that it will take on a patina of soil that will make it less than welcomed in your home.
Roses Love Garlic
Companion Planting and Other Secrets of Flowers
Louise Riotte
$14.95Add a review
Having covered the realm of companion planting with vegetables better than anyone else in Carrots Love Tomatoes (immediately above), Louise Riotte turns her attention to flowers - and all their friends and enemies, too. Her knowledge is deep and broad, her humor evident everywhere, and her experience and practicality are unequaled. Another gardener's treasure.
Weeds and What They Tell Us
Ehrenfried E. Pfeiffer
$13.95Add a review
Weeds and What They Tell Us is one of the most useful books for gardeners, and one that has taught me again and again not only what my garden needs, but also how very wise nature herself is.
Pfeiffer's approach begins with the premise that nature really does know what she is doing, and that weeds grow where they are needed. By learning what each weed is offering to the soil, the discerning gardener or farmer can use organic matter and minerals to effect that same balance. The weed, no longer needed, will soon disappear from the cultivated area.
This wonderful little book covers everything you need to know about the types of plants known as weeds. Pfeiffer discusses the different varieties of weeds, how they grow and what they can tell us about soil health. The process of combatting weeds is discussed in principle as well as in practice, so that it can be applied to any situation.
The added bonus of this little book is what you can learn about the nature of plant life and the wonders of the world.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The group has raised £510,000 after placing 8.5m new ordinary shares at 6p each with private and institutional investors. Trading in the shares is expected to start on Thursday.
It plans to buy undervalued leisure companies in the next two years and the high profile of the directors has helped attract well-known entrepreneurs.
Michael Edelson, who helped create shell company Knutsford, has taken a 5% stake in the group, as has Sir Rodney Walker, chairman of the Wembley National Stadium. Julian Richer, one of the original Knutsford investors along with Archie Norman, Nigel Wray and Nick Leslau, has also taken a stake.
However, comparisons with Knutsford, which focused on retail sector deals, are unlikely to be part of the company's marketing spiel. Speculation followed Richer's 2p-a-share stake in Knutsford, sending the stock soaring to 270p, but the deals to justify such a price failed to materialise and shares in what became WILink.com now change hands for 1p.
- More about:
- Entrepreuneurship
- Intel Corporation
- Investment
- Loftus Road Stadium
- Marketing
- Olympic Stadium


text:
Improving the Quality of Hospital Care
The Foundation's program, Improving the Quality of Hospital Care, was designed to help individual hospitals develop the means to identify and address problems in the quality of patient care.This grant supports efforts to improve patient care in a consortium of six not-for-profit general hospitals in east-central Iowa by demonstrating that a resource center can increase hospitals' capacities to identify and solve quality of care problems. The principal objectives are: (1) the resource center will provide technical assistance, educational programs, a clearinghouse for information, and a forum for problem solving; and (2) the member hospitals will improve their system for quality management and will show measurable improvements in patient care.
Grant Details
Amount Awarded $985,075.00
Awarded on: 1/23/1992
Time frame: 2/1/1992 - 1/31/1997
Grant Number: 19081
University of Iowa
101 Jessup Hall
Iowa City, 52242-1316
Charles M. Helms
Project Director


text:
Ladies and Gentlemen.
As a producer of machines for manufacturing of prefabricated products for building industry our company is present in the market since 1989. From the very beginning we have been specializing in the mechanics of machines, and therefore the construction equipment produced by our company, such as hollow block machines, vibro-press machines, mixers and elevators have found a wide appreciation among our customers in our country and abroad. We put great attention to the quality of our products. The companies using our machines for the production of prefabricated elements never encounter any problems with obtaining a quality certificate for their products. We can produce non-standard machines for special demands. They can be adopted to special needs and requirements of production plants


text:
Monthly Archives / December 2008
Niagara University Receives Teagle Foundation Grant To Assess Community-Based Learning
Niagara University and two other colleges have been awarded a $281,000 grant from the Teagle Foundation to develop methods for assessing community-based learning programs. NU will join with Rhodes College in Memphis, Tenn., and Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pa., in implementing a plan that was developed last year... Read on →
Cummings Foundation Commits $100,000 To NU Science Center
The James H. Cummings Foundation of Buffalo, an organization created to further medical science, medical research and medical education, has awarded a $100,000 grant to Niagara University for construction of its new science center. The grant, which will be paid in equal installments over two years, will be applied to... Read on →
NU Names 3 New Trustees, 5 Advisors
Niagara University has added three new members to its board of trustees and four other persons to its presidential advisory board. Elected to four-year terms as trustees were the Rev. Michael J. Carroll, C.M., superior of the Eastern Province of the Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians); Pamela R. Jacobs-Vogt of... Read on →


text:
|1,614 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|5 - 7 nights
Extremely spacious internal floor area approx 150 sq.m.
Main Bedroom 1 with large double bed, veranda with views.
Bedroom 2 with twin beds, plus sofa bed if required.
Bedrooms 1 and 2 share the main bathroom with bath, shower, basin, WC and bidet.
Fully equipped kitchen featuring oven, hob, microwave, fridge/freezer, dishwasher and a complete range of cutlery, crockery and kitchen utensils.
Large lounge/dining room with TV, stereo with ipod feed, games, books etc. Stunning circular veranda outside lounge which has views to 3 aspects.
Shared access to a laundry room with washing machine.
Internal garage.
Gumtrees Villa/Apartments near Cardedu, Ogliastra region, Sardinia, Italy
Beautiful Villa with Stunning Views and Living Space
Tranquil Location, 10 mins Drive to Beaches, Eco-Friendly
2 and 3 Bedroom Apartments.
Located on a hillside, overlooking a well known wine-producing valley in Pelau, Sardinia. This newly built property benefits from beautiful views on all sides and is a haven of tranquillity for any holidaymaker. The property is extremely spacious with large open plan living spaces and open terraces for most rooms. The property has been designed with the sun in mind - cool in summer but well lit and bright in the winter months. As we have a strong interest in being as eco-friendly as possible, the building has a number of features to try and minimise its impact on the environment. Property comprises 2 and 3 bedroom apartments that can also be rented as a 5 bedroom villa.
Prices are for the property per week in UK Pounds.
Entire house can be rented for a small discount.
There is an additional cleaning fee per visit.
Xmas and New Year subject to special pricing.
We cannot speak highly enough of the accomodation. We thought the web site pictures were impressive but the appartment is simply divine. Lots of open space, which for us with 2 small children was fantastic. Books, games, toys, DVD's and Playstation also helped!! The whole Villa is imposingly fantastic. Its setting, views and serenity offer a true "escape." The facilities were excellent and we wanted for nothing. the brand new appliances, fixtures and fittings were ultra clean. Our warm welcome was so lovely after our journey, giving us a chance to get to know Rita and Carlo. Their friendliness, hospitality and knowledge of the local area informed the rest of our stay and they were always happy to help. We can't thank them enough. We would highly recommend the villa due to all of the above, the local beaches (20 minute drive away and beautiful crystal shallow waters. Our children swam alone in the calm, shallow sea with armbands which was lovely to see), festivals, walking/climbing opportunities and local eateries etc (all reasonably priced). It offered us as a family a true break away from it all in a quiet, elegant setting to fully relax and take in the breathtaking views and enjoy the laid back lifestyle. The Villa is an excellently run family business with a warm and homely touch. Thank you so much. We will be back!!!
Louise, Michael, Evelyn and Martha
We were blown away Rita's hospitality! We arrived in the evening and she had a delicious treat from the local bakery waiting for us. We have three kids under 9 and there was an entire closet full of toys, books and board games as well as a shelf in the garage with all kinds of great beach toys. The villa is clean and comfortable and the grounds are absolutely beautiful- surrounded by fruit trees with a pretty view. We loved grilling outside and eating on the patio. The villa is close to a gorgeous beach as well. We were so sad to have to leave. Thank you so much for everything, Rita!
*The house: high Standard; there was nothing missing. Kitchen is fully equiped - even with dishwasher. All rooms have separate heating /cooling units. The mattresses of the beds seem to be new. Everything was clean and in perfect condition. There is an outside gas grill (barbeque) which works perfect. There are even toys for babys and children.
* The owner: Carlo and Rita are wonderfull hosts. Whenever there were questions or any other issues they were ready to help.
We stayed in the ground floor apartment and it was probably the nicest holiday accommodation we have stayed in. The apartment is enormous, tastefully and completely furnished, spotless, with lovely outside areas and endless views of the surrounding hills. We thought it looked nice in the photos, but it is actually nicer than it looks! Our two small children loved the space, the gardens and the collection of toys in the garage. We also loved these things as we could sit and relax knowing they could come to little harm...
We had never been to Sardinia before and had had a week in Alghero before coming to Gumtrees. Alghero was nice but the area around Gumtrees was, for us, much nicer. It is far enough from the madding crowd to feel like you are getting a real taste of something different, but there is plenty to do and see and the beaches are wonderful and much less crowded than around Alghero. We particularly enjoyed the beaches at Cea and Barisardo (where there was a nice beachside pizzeria (part of the seafront hotel)). In fact the beaches and Gumtrees were so nice we didn't do much else for our week, although we will explore more when we go back!
Rita and Carlo, the owner's parents, gave us a great welcome and made it easy for us to find the meeting point.
We couldn't recommend Gumtrees highly enough, it is a very special place.
Vi er veldig fornøyd med vårt opphold i denne villaen. Utenfor er det en nydelig hage der man kan plukke urter og frukt. Soverommene er enorme, og det er også badet og stuen. Smakfullt innredet, og med særdeles hyggelig vertskap som ønsket oss velkommen med vin, fersk frukt og bakevarer. Veldig rolig beliggenhet og fin utsikt over fjellene og dalen. Rask trådløs internettforbindelse. Anbefales på det sterkeste! Hit vil vi gjerne komme tilbake!
We've been looking for 2 weeks in a quiet, comfortable place where we could reload our "batteries", and we've found so much more - we've found a home. Gumtrees Villa offers so much more - every luxury you could ask for. Rita and Carlo have been the perfect hosts, providing us with fresh fruits from their garden, a bottle of lovely Cannonau wine and the most delicious profiteroles. There were herbs in the garden that we could use, so we've been cooking almost every day, eating with a fantastic view and the only sound next to us talking was the barking of the little dogs from the village. Bats flew by, shooting stars made the night sky even more impressive and the lizards were shyly looking at us. Beaches were closeby, never too full and thanks to deckchairs and sun umbrellas also provided by Rita and Carlo we could spend whole days there. But also the Ogliastra mountains were breathtakingly beautiful. Lots of things to do. Lots of things to see. We have salt in our hairs, sand in our belly buttons, a smell of lavender and honey-lemon (from the fig trees) in our noses.... We leave a part of our heart here - and hope to come back to feel complete again. Thank you so much for very two happy weeks!
Annette + Dirk from Freiburg, Germany (August / September 2011)
The local beaches (10 mins drive) are well known for their crystal clear water and long sandy stretches. Slightly further afield there are a large number of possible beach destinations - including extremely secluded beaches accessible by foot and gently sloping beaches for those with young children.
Depending on the season there a number of activities possible. In summer the beach rules and there are boat trips up the coast. Authentic Italian ice cream is available in a number of places but Tortoli is our favourite.
There are some beautiful local spots such as Santa Maria Navarrese and a drive up through the local mountains reveals some stunning views and excellent walking opportunities. There are some lovely limestone caves in nearby Ulassai which are lovely and cool in the summer months and have guided tours.
The cantina in Jerzu is a must-visit for anyone who enjoys wine and if you come at the end of September you can witness the local grape harvest.


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Last Year I spend a week with my family in Prague " The golden City". This town is so amazing and anywhere you are, you see the beauty of this old, but really natural city. So I decided to take some pictures of it.
I hope you enjoy it. It's worth it ♥
Thank You!


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Selecting breeding stockStarting with and selecting the sheep will go a long way towards ensuring a successful sheep enterprise, no matter what the production emphasis is or where the farm or ranch is located.
Breed selection is discussed in the Breed Selection chapter. It is very important that the appropriate breed(s) or type(s) be chosen, that they be well-adapted to the environment and production system in which they will be raised, and that they be suited to the markets in which they will be sold. It is almost always better to upgrade local breeds or stock than to introduce new breeds or genetics that may not be adapted to the local environment or producton system.
Most sheep selection is based on visual appraisal. Unfortunately, you can't tell much about the future productivity of an animal simply by looking at it. Ideally, sheep selection should be a combination of visual appraisal and evaluation of performance records.
You need to be careful when comparing sheep on one farm to sheep on another farm. Good management and nutrition can mask poor or mediocre genetics, while poor management and nutrition can cover up good genetics. Sheep that look better aren't always better sheep. Nor should you rely soley on the information that the breeder gives you. You need to use your own observation and evaluation skills to make sound selection and purchasing decisions.
Ram selection
There is a saying that "the ram is "half the flock." The basis for this statement is that his genetics will be spread over many more offspring than a ewe's will. Rams will be the primary means by which genetic imiprovement will be made in a flock. If a ram's daughters will be retained in the flock for breeding purposes, he should be born as a twin or triplet and/or come from a productive ewe or family line. His dam should be one of the most productive members of the flock. Reproduction should always be maximized relative to the production environment. Multiple births may not be advisable in all production environments.
If the ram will be used to sire market lambs, he should be of adequate frame size (for his breed), well-grown for his age and diet, and well- muscled. You can tell how thickly muscled a ram is by feeling how wide and deep his loin is and by measuring the circumference of his lower leg with your hands. The forearm is another good indicator of muscling. Heavy-boned animals are usually more heavily muscled. Ultrasound can be used to more accurately predict carcass traits.
When visually appraising rams, you should be much more critical than you are with ewes. If a ram has a serious physical defect or other genetic flaw, many lambs could be potentially impacted, including potential replacement lambs. Ideally, only the top five percent of rams in a lamb crop should be considered for breeding. Just because a ram has testicles doesn't mean he should be allowed to mate with ewes.
Ideally, a breeding soundness exam (BSE) should be conducted on any ram that is purchased for breeding. A breeding soundness exam evaluate's the ram's breeding potential and includes a physical exam and semen test. A serving capacity test evaluates a ram's desire to mate with ewes. Some studies have found that more than 10 percent of rams are homosexual and will not mate with ewes. A mature ram will be able to service more ewes than a ram lamb.
If rams are not tested for fertility and will be used in single-sire mating systems, a marking harness should be used to monitor breeding activity or a clean-up ram should be put in with the flock. An alternative to a marking harness is to apply raddle paint to the ram's brisket (daily or as needed). The color of the raddle or marking harness crayon should be changed approximately every 17 days, as this is the average length of the ewe's estrus (heat) cycle.
Producers should be willing to pay much more for breeding rams than ewes. The old rule of thumb is that a ram is worth five times the value of a market lamb. If market lambs are worth $200, you should be willing to pay $1000 for a breeding ram with superior genetics. It is better to start with mediocre ewes (so long as they are healthy) and a superior ram rather than superior ewes and a mediocre ram.
When starting a sheep enterprise, you can start with ewe lambs or yearlings that have never lambed and/or mature ewes that have already produced offspring -- or a combination of ewes of different ages. It is probably better to start with ewes of similar ages, as they require similar feeding and management. You can also start with open or pregnant ewes. There are pros and cons to each purchasing decision.
You are less likely to "purchase" problems if you purchase ewe lambs and yearlings that have never lambed. You are not likely to encounter any problems with their reproductive systems, especially their udders. Because young ewes have more productive years ahead of them, they usually sell for higher prices than mature ewes.
On the other hand, ewe lambs (bred to lamb at 12 to 14 months of age) are still growing and are more likely to experience dystocia (lambing difficulties) and other problems at lambing. Inexperienced shepherds may not want to purchase or breed ewe lambs. Ewe lambs will give birth to fewer lambs. Many ewe lambs give birth to single lambs. Embryonic death is higher among young females.
A ewe lamb will not produce as much milk for her lamb(s) as a mature ewe. Sometimes, ewe lambs do not have enough milk for their lamb(s), especially if they have multiple lambs. Yearlings (bred to lamb for the first time as two year olds) will experience fewer problems than ewe lambs. They usually sell for higher prices than ewe lambs.
For people that are inexperienced raising sheep or have fewer dollars to spend, it may be a good idea to start with mature ewes (ewes that have previously raised lambs). Mature ewes give birth to more lambs, are better mothers, and produce more milk for their lambs. A ewe's performance usually peaks between 3 and 6 years of age. When purchasing mature ewes, it is especially important to make sure they are sound (udders and teeth).
If you purchase bred ewes, you don't have to purchase a ram right away. Bred ewes usually cost more than open ewes. It is best to purchase them at least a month before they are due to begin lambing, so that they can adjust to their new surroundings. You also don't want to stress them too close to lambing. If you are paying more money because they are bred, you may want assurances that they are carrying lambs.
Aging (mouthing) sheep
The approximate age of sheep can be determined by examining their teeth. Young lambs have eight milk teeth or temporary incisors arranged in four pairs on their lower jaw. There are no teeth on the upper jaw, only a dental pad. At approximately one year of age, the middle pair of incisors is shed and replaced by permanent teeth (incisors).
Some breeds mature at a faster rate and their teeth will erupt at an earlier age. At approximately two years of age, the second pair of milk teeth is replaced by permanent incisor teeth. At three and four years of age, the third and fourth pair of permanent teeth appear.
At four years of age, the sheep has a "full" or "solid" mouth. As the sheep ages, the teeth will start to wear, spread, and eventually break off. When a sheep loses some of its teeth, it is called "broken" mouth. When it has no teeth (incisors) left, it is called a "gummer." A well-cared for sheep can manage without incisors, so long as its molars are still in good condition. As the condition of a sheep's teeth vary by its diet, it is difficult to accurately predict age once a sheep has a full mouth.
When examining the teeth of a sheep to determine its age, it is not necessary to pry open its mouth. Sheep will resist less, if you use your fingers to part their lips. When purchasing mature ewes, be sure they are the age they are advertised to be. Make sure they still have teeth!
When selecting sheep for breeding, the most important criteria is health. Starting with unhealthy sheep dooms the shepherd to failure. A healthy sheep is bright and alert. It does not separate itself from the rest of the flock. It is in good body condition, relative to its age, stage of production, and plane of nutrition. Sheep that limp, have abscesses, pink eye, or sore mouth lesions, show respiratory symptoms, or are in extremely poor body condition should not be purchased for breeding. if many sheep on a farm display these characteristics, choose another breeder to buy from.
A sheep that is sound is in good physical condition and free from serious defects. A sound animal will survive and be productive for a longer time than an animal which has physical problems.
In a correct mouth, both the top and bottom jaws are aligned so the incisor teeth are flush with the pad on the upper jaw. Sheep with severe "undershot" or "overshot" jaws should be avoided, as this is an inherited defect. An overshot jaw, also called a "parrot mouth," is when the lower jaw is too short. Sheep with severe undershot parrot mouths may have difficulty grazing short pastures.
An overshot jaw, also called a "monkey mouth" is when the lower jaw is too long. Slight variations in jaw alignment are not a problem or inherited defect. The best way to observe jaw structure is to look at the sheep from the side. Feel the teeth to confirm what you see.
The condition of a sheep's teeth depend upon its diet and the land where it lives. Animals on a rough, coarse diet will grind their teeth away faster than animals on an easily eaten diet. The molar teeth are far more important than the incisor teeth. They do the grinding of feed. To evaluate the molar teeth, you have to feel on the outside of the cheek and jaw.
Never put your fingers inside the animal's jaw. You are likely to get badly bitten. Bad breath can be a sign that there is something wrong with the molar teeth. Animals with teeth problems should be not selected for breeding.
Feet and legs
A sound sheep has straight legs that are set squarely under the corners of the body. They are not too close at the hocks or knees. The pasterns are neither too straight nor too angled. Sheep with severe feet and leg problems may break down in difficult production situations. Sheep with slight structural defects usually do not have any problems.
Take a test on sheep feet and leg structure =>
Animals with abnormal or excessive hoof growth, cracked hooves, or extremely splayed hooves should be avoided as breeding stock. Animals with colored hooves are usually preferable to animals with light colored hooves. Hoof color varies by breed. Some breeds have hooves are various colorization: black, mottled, or light.
Conformation is the body form of the animal. It varies by breed and breed type. Smooth shoulders and staight backs are desireable traits. A ram that will be used to sire market lambs should be thickly muscled, especially through the leg and loin. A level dock is preferred for market lamb sires.
Volume and capacity
A sheep should have a deep side, wide top, and "round" body, indicative of good spring of rib. Narrow, flat-sided, shallow-bodied animals are less likely to be productive.
Skeletal size (hip height) should be evaluated within breeds or breed types. Large-framed sheep tend to grow faster and finish at heavier weights than small-framed animals. They also need to eat more. A large-framed female tends to produce heavier lambs than a small-frame female. However, production efficiency tends to favor females of moderate body size. Selection should be for ewes of adequate frame. Extremes in frame size should be avoided.
Sex character
Rams should appear rugged, stout, and masculine. If they have horns, the horns should be growing away from the head. Ewes should be feminine and more refined in their features. Femininity is usually associated with a longer head and neck and a more angular body type.
If wool production is an important aspect of the sheep enterprise, breeding stock selection criteria should include fleece traits: fiber diameter, staple length, uniformity of length and diameter, and freedom from defects. White-wooled sheep should be free from colored fibers. Fleeces should be dense and free from kemp and medulated fibers.
Sheep that are wool blind or have excessive wrinkles should not be selected for breeding. If hair or shedding sheep are being selected, sheep with excessively woolly coats should be avoided, as they may not adequately shed.
A ewe without a sound udder has no value in a breeding program. The size of the sheep's udder will depend upon its age and stage of lactation. Ewes' udders should be palpated to determined that they are healthy and functional. Ewes with hard, lumpy udders should not be considered for breeding purposes.
The udder should have two functional teats that are free from defects. Ewes with pendulous udders and bulbous or oversized teats should be avoided. Rams should be evaluated to determine that they have two teats free of defects. Supernumerary teats, while favored by some producers, are considered to be a genetic defect.
The ram's testicles should be palpated to determine that they are well-developed and normal. They should be firm, evenly sized, and move freely within the scrotum. Both the testicles and epididymis should be free from lumps. A rams with a smaller than average scrotal circumference should not be selected for breeding.
Though scrotal size varies by breed, body condition, and season, ram lambs to be used for breeding should have a scrotal size of at least 30 centimeters; mature rams, 32 centimeters. Scrotal size affects a ram's semen output. There are also correlations between a ram's scrotal size and the reproductive performance of his daughters.
When selecting sheep for breeding, performance records (if they are available) are usually more valuable than what an animal looks like. You can't tell much about a ewe's producing ability by looking at her. Nor can you evaluabe the survivability of a ram's offspring by looking at him.
There are three types of production records in sheep production: on-farm performance testing, central performance testing, and across-flock EBV's. Any sheep farm can keep on-farm performance records. All that's needed is some form of individual animal identification, a record book, and a scale. Birth dates and weaning weights should be recorded.
Weaning weights should be corrected to a common age and adjusted for birth type, type of rearing, and age of dam. Otherwise, lambs with an environmental advantage, not genetic superiority will be favored in the selection process: early-born lambs, single, and lambs reared by mature ewes.
Selection should favor the lambs with the heaviest adjusted weaning weights from dams with the heaviest litter weights. In the very least, twin and triplet-born ewe lambs should be saved for breeding, unless multiple births are a disadvantage in the production environment.
A central performance test is where males from different herds are brought to one central location to record performance. In a central performance test, observed differences between rams are more likely due to genetic differences, which will be passed onto the next generation of offspring, rather than environmental differences which will not be passed on. A central performance test is an ideal place to purchase a ram that will be used to sire market lambs. Maternal traits are much more difficult to assess and require years of performance record keeping.
EBV is the acronym for Expected Breeding Value. An EBV is an estimate of the genetic value of an animal that will be passed onto its progeny. For example, if a lamb's parents have EBVs of +2 lbs. for weaning weight, this means the lamb will be 2 lbs. (on-average) heavier than the average of the breed. EBV's are calculated for various growth, maternal, fitness, fleece, and carcass traits. They are the only way to make accurate across-flock comparisons.
In the United States, EBV's are available through the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP). Data is processed by Australia's LambPlan. New Zealand, Canada, and the United Kingdom have similar performance-testing and sire referencing schemes.
Sheep with performance records are more valuable than those without. Every effort should be made to purchase sheep, especially rams, with some type of performance records. Higher prices should be expected for performance tested animals.
There are many places to buy breeding stock: consignment or production sales, performance-tested sales, dispersal or reduction sales, sale barns, and breeders. With the exception of private treaty sales, livestock are usually sold via public auction: live, silent, or sealed bid, with live auctions being the most common. Telephone, internet, and mailed bids are often accepted.
A central performance test can be a good place to purchase rams. Many performance tests have sales at the end of their tests. Only the top-performing rams are sold. Sometimes, ewes are included in the sales. All animals have health papers.
A consignment sale is one in which breeders consign one or more of their animals to the sale. Some consignment sales are for registered sheep, while others cator to the needs of commercial breeders. Sheep sold at consignment sales are required to have health papers.
Some farms or ranches have their own production sales or several breeders work together to hold a production sale. A dispersal sale would be a production sale of a breeder that is reducing or dispersing his herd. Sheep sold at production and dispersal sales are required to have health papers.
A sale barn or public livestock auction (or stockyard) is usuallly not the best place to purchase breeding livestock. This is because many producers take their cull livestock to salebarns. There are no health requirements when selling livestock at salebarns. While animals tend to sell for cheaper prices at salebarns than at other sales or via private treaty, the health risks are usually not worth the savings.
Even if healthy animals are brought to a sale barn, they are exposed to other animals that may be infected with or carriers of contagious diseases. Diseases common to sale barn animals include foot rot, pink eye, and soremouth. Cull stock may have chronic diseases or reproductive problems.
If breeding stock are purchased from a salebarn or similar venue, care should be taken to isolate them from the rest of the herd for at least 30 days. Lambs are the safest to buy for breeding, as they are not likely to have any reproductive problems.
The best place to purchase breeding stock is from a reputable breeder that will guarantee his or her breeding stock. Most breed associations have directories of breeders that usually have stock for sale. Many states have clearing house lists of breeding stock for sale. Various web sites list breeding stock for sale.
Sheepgoatmarketing.info is a national directory of sheep and goat producers. Another place to locate breeders is Nebraska's U.S. Sheep Breeders Online Directory. Never overlook classified ads in agricultural publications and local media as a potential source of breeding stock. Facebook and Craig's list can also provide a means to sell and locate breeding stock.
Regardless of where or from whom breeding stock are purchased, the animals should be isolated for at least 30 days with no fenceline contact with the existing flock. Ideally, breeding stock should be purchased from as few places as possible. Once the starter flock has been acquired, it is best to close the flock to outside purchased, except for males. It is usually necessary to purchase outside males to make genetic improvement in the flock and prevent excessive levels of inbreeding. Unfortunately, AI (artificial insemination) is not a viable option for most sheep producers.
National (state) identification requirements
In the United States, all breeding sheep are required to have official USDA scrapie identification, usually ear tags. The identification should be applied on the farm where the animal was born. In some countries, national animal ID may be required. Breed associations also have ID requirements for registered or recorded animals. When purchasing breeding stock, be sure they are carrying appropriate ID.
Late updated 26-Feb-2017 by Susan Schoenian.
Copyright© 2016. Sheep 101 and 201.


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Slip into Jimmy Choo for Hunter's covetable black crocodile-print Wellington boots for the chicest way to weather seasonal storms. Wear these achingly hip boots with cutoff shorts or skinny jeans and band T-shirt for cooler-than-cool festival style.
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German Potatoes RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
Quick recipe are always helpful and this recipe that I also like to make for breakfast makes serving a quality meal in the morning easy.—Janice Scherman, Sentinel Butte, North Dakota
Recommended: Top 10 Potato Salad Recipes
- 6 slices Jones Dairy Farm Dry-Aged Bacon, diced
- 1 small green pepper, diced
- 3 tablespoons chopped onion
- 3 large potatoes, peeled, boiled and diced
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 1/2 cup (2 ounces) shredded cheddar cheese
- 6 eggs
- In a skillet, fry bacon. Drain all but 3 tablespoons drippings; add green pepper, onion and potatoes. Season with salt and pepper. Cook and stir until golden brown, about 5 minutes. Sprinkle with cheese and stir. break eggs over potato mixture, one at a time. Cook over low heat until eggs are set and cooked to desired doneness. Serve immediately. Yield: 6 servings.
Originally published as German Potatoes in Country Woman September/October 1990, p35
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text: I have a brake lamp light on in my acura 2.3 tl 1997. It's the left side of the car, the right side is o.k. I put in new bulbs in, but brake lamp light is still on. Is it a fuse problem, and if so what fuse to replace? I don't have the car manual.\r\n


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Public health experts worry that another potentially lethal pig-borne disease could establish itself among farmworkers in the United States.
Unlike the new swine flu virus, Streptococcus suis doesn't pass from person to person. But it's also more virulent, killing about one in 10 people in whom infection progresses to full-blown disease.
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Punks and Monks Revisited
On August 22, 2011 By Noel Black
On the surface, Colorado Springs Artist and Orthodox monk Luke Shaffer would seem to be the embodiment of spiritual contradiction. On the one hand, he's a bona fide tonsured monk in the Orthodox tradition. On the other hand, he's a child of American pop culture who continues to draw and paint the rock 'n' roll […]Continue Reading →
Uniquely Colorado
On August 8, 2011 By Craig Richardson
In our latest installment of Western Skies, we set out across Colorado to explore our backyard with the hope of discovering that which defines the unique identity of our state. If you missed yesterday's broadcast of Western Skies, or if you haven't had a chance to view the slide shows that accompany the […]Continue Reading →
So You Wanna Date Darth Vader?
On August 3, 2011 By Noel Black
A Date With Darth Vader
[Audio clip: view full post to listen]
Imagine you're young, naive and the biggest Star Wars fan ever. But you're a girl—a young woman even— and fans are generally, you know, boys. But you're brave and you decide go to a fan convention by yourself. Not […]Continue Reading →
The Salt and Pepper Collector
On July 11, 2011 By Noel Black
Jackie Houston, owner of the North End Diner, has been collecting salt and pepper shakers for 15 years at her restaurant on Hancock just north of Fillmore. During that time she may well have amassed the largest collection of salt & pepper shakers in Southern Colorado. Jackie showed us a few of her […]Continue Reading →
The Grandfather of NPR: Carl Kasell
On June 29, 2011 By Noel Black
It's been just over a year ago now that Carl Kasell, along with the rest of the Wait Wait… Don't Tell Me! crew descended upon Colorado Springs to put on their show at the Pikes Peak Center. We were lucky enough to corner Mr. Kasell and ask him why a venerated newsman would partake […]Continue Reading →
Introducing Josep Caballé-Domenech
On May 23, 2011 By Craig Richardson
Following a massive search for Lawrence Leighton Smith's replacement as music director, the Colorado Springs Philharmonic has selected Josep Caballé-Domenech. You'll remember that Caballé-Domenech was a mid-process addition to the field of five finalists when he was in town filling in for Maestro Smith. Up to this point, the Barcelona native Caballé-Domenech has maintained […]Continue Reading →
The Objectless Objective: Harrell Fletcher's Art Practice
On March 10, 2011 By Noel Black
For artist Harrell Fletcher, community itself it art. Though an object—a public sculpture, another artist's paintings, documentay photographs from another museum, a rug—are sometimes at the heart of his based art projects, the work itself is always about human relationships and processes of community understanding. This Sunday at I.D.E.A. Space at Colorado College, Colorado College […]Continue Reading →
Western Skies, March 6, 2011: "Military"
On March 6, 2011 By Andrea Chalfin News Dir.
Southern Colorado is no stranger to the armed forces. With a collection of military installations, it's not uncommon to see uniformed men and women around Colorado Springs and beyond. This month, we take a look at some of the issues concerning the military, from the very worst, to perhaps, some of the very best.
[…]Continue Reading →
Lethal Warriors: Reading and Interview With Dave Philipps
On March 1, 2011 By Noel Black
Dave Philipps Reading from Lethal Warriors
[Audio clip: view full post to listen]
Dave Philipps Interview at KRCC
[Audio clip: view full post to listen]
Local journalist and author Dave Philipps read at Colorado College from his book Lethal Warriors about the 506th Infantry Regiment (aka the […]Continue Reading →
The Barber of Seville
On February 24, 2011 By Craig Richardson
Martile Rowland, founder and artistic director of Opera Theatre of the Rockies came by the station to talk with us about this season's production: Rossini's The Barber of Seville at the Pikes Peak Center.Continue Reading →
Design of the Times: A Look Back at The Mario Valdes Era
On February 17, 2011 By Noel Black
It's hard to believe that KRCC is 60 years old this year. Just to put that in context, we're 20 years older than National Public Radio (which turns 40 this year). When cultural institutions have been around as long as KRCC, it can be easy to forget that it hasn't always been here and […]Continue Reading →
The Yates Family Tattoo Legacy
On February 15, 2011 By Noel Black
Our intern, Ruby Kimberly, produced this fantastic slide show about the Yates Family and their enormous influence on tattoo culture in Colorado Springs.
Anyone who lives in Colorado Springs has probably noticed the seemingly disproportionate number of tattoo shops scattered throughout the city. So when I heard a statistic that Colorado Springs has […]Continue Reading →
The Broadmoor Art Academy: Our Forgotten Art History, Part I
On February 7, 2011 By Noel Black
(Slide show contains images of the first Broadmoor Academy catalog from 1921 and images by artists who taught at the Broadmoor Art Academy. Catalog and images courtesy of Blake Wilson and the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center).
When you think of great southwestern arts colonies, you probably think of Taos and Santa Fe, […]Continue Reading →
See Broadway Hit "Fela!" Written by COS Native
On February 1, 2011 By Noel Black
Kathryn Eastburn did this interview with Springs native Jim Lewis last summer when he was nominated for a Tony for the book for the hit Broadway musical "Fela!". You can now see the production live in HD Feb. 1 (tonight), 2, 8 and 9 at Theatreworks as part of the National Theater Live broadcast. Click […]Continue Reading →
The Olde Timey Flower Parade of Colorado Springs
On January 26, 2011 By Craig Richardson
In the late 19th Century, the residents of Colorado Springs celebrated the fertility of their thriving new city by festooning themselves and all manner of their conveyances with flowers. The Flower Parade marched the streets of downtown Colorado Springs from 1893 to 1912, when it was transformed into a more "Cowboys and Indians" type […]Continue Reading →
Roy Linton Now, Part II
On January 25, 2011 By Noel Black
DISCLAIMER: The artwork featured in this slide show contains some nudity and may be considered offensive to some people.
In the years since Roy Linton, his father and his friend Roy Funnell created the posters featured in yesterday's Big Something, Roy Linton became a world-class auto body painter and turned his personal creative […]Continue Reading →
Art Work of The Social Network
On January 20, 2011 By Craig Richardson
For as impersonal as Facebook and the monotemplate it creates for all your contacts can seem, artist Sarah Milteer found the social networking site to be a goldmine of photographs for her intimate portraits of her friends in the arts community. In this slide show she talks about the project and why she's drawn […]Continue Reading →
Exit Interview With Bettina Swigger
On January 18, 2011 By Noel Black
Bettina Swigger Exit Interview
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It's always hard to keep 'em down on the farm, and, sadly, the Pikes Peak Region will lose another great friend to the arts this week as Bettina Swigger, the first Executive Director of the Cultural Office of the Pikes […]Continue Reading →
Clarence Shivers' Gallery of Greats: Civil Rights Leaders
On January 17, 2011 By Craig Richardson
In 1983, local artist Clarence Shivers was commissioned by the Miller Brewing Company to illustrate its annual calendar celebrating the accomplishments of civil rights luminaries. We asked his wife Peggy to talk to us about the portraits. In the slide show above, Peggy takes a look back at the time in the 1980s […]Continue Reading →
Remembering Fred Schumm
On December 27, 2010 By Craig Richardson
Last week, we learned of the recent passing of Fred Schumm, whom we had the great good fortune of interviewing earlier this year, at his home in Cherry Hills, NJ . Schumm, a Springs native, conceived of and built marvelously artful and one-of-a-kind playground sculptures for the parks in Colorado Springs.
Following World War […]Continue Reading →
What Would Jesus Buy? …in Manitou and Rockrimmon
On December 20, 2010 By Craig Richardson
A few years ago, upon the release of the film What Would Jesus Buy, I spoke with producer Morgan Spurlock (of Super Size Me and 30 Days fame) and director Rob VanAlkemade about the frenzy of consumerism around the holidays. The film focuses on Reverend Billy and his Church of Stop Shopping as they go […]Continue Reading →
Community as Art: Wendy Red Star & Harrell Fletcher
On December 15, 2010 By Noel Black
Wendy Red Star & Harrell Fletcher Interview
[Audio clip: view full post to listen]
Today is the last day of the "Exchange Economies" exhibit at the Colorado College I.D.E.A. Space, and we highly recommend you swing by to have a look between 12:30 and 7 p.m. today, particularly to see the […]Continue Reading →
The Scoop on Brian Nemeth
On December 13, 2010 By Noel Black
If you've ever walked more than half-a-block through downtown Colorado Springs in the past decade, you've likely been approached (or accosted) by one of Colorado Springs' greatest characters: Brian Nemeth. A self-styled poet and aspiring news anchor, Nemeth relentlessly peddles his raunchy and frequently belligerent poems and opinions as one-sheet photocopied handouts for a […]Continue Reading →
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KRCC presents ARLO GUTHRIE
Pikes Peak Center
Saturday July 13, 2013 8pm
reserved seating through Ticketswest.com
7th Annual Blues Under The Bridge – July 20th, 2013
WATERMELON SLIM & THE WORKERS, JOHN HAMMOND, BLUES CARAVAN W/ JOANNE SHAW TAYLOR, THE SLIDE BROTHERS, D.B. REILLY, and THE JUST US LEAGUE
www.BluesUnderTheBridge.com for festival information
KRCC Member tickets on sale for $25. General Public tickets on sale for $35. VIP tickets $91.50. Day of show tickets $40 at the west gate. Tickets available through www.TicketFly.com or at KRCC.
Pre-festival Party Friday July 19th from 5-8pm at the Wyndham Grand Mining Exchange with Watermelon Slim, and Big Jim Adams!
Pre-festival shows at Jack Quinns with:
BJ Estares and Route 66 on Wednesday July 17th at 7:30pm!
The Delta Sonics with Al Chesis on Thursday July 18th at 7:30pm!
Austin Young on Friday the 19th at 9pm!
KRCC presents TAB BENOIT
Colorado Springs, City Auditorium
Wednesday, July 31st
KRCC Member Tickets on sale now for $16 at the KRCC Studios.
General public tickets on sale through www.AMusicCompanyInc.com .
KRCC and the Fine Arts Center present VIEUX FARKE TOURE
Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, Monday August 5th, 7pm
KRCC tickets on sale now for $15 at KRCC.
FAC member tickets on sale for $15, and general public tickets on sale for $25 at the Fine Arts Center Box Office, or through www.csfineartscenter.org
KRCC presents DIANA KRALL
Pikes Peak Center
Wednesday, September 25th 7:30pm
reserved seating through Ticketswest.com
Pikes Peak Center, Saturday October 12th, 2013 8pm
KRCC member pre-show meet and greet opportunity 6:30-7:30pm – pre-show meet and greet tickets available for $40 to members ONLY at the station.
Advance KRCC member tickets on sale now through August 2nd through www.TicketsWest.com. Enter member promo code and click find.
General Public tickets on sale August 2nd, 2013
KRCC presents BONNIE RAITT
Pikes Peak Center
Wednesday, October 16th 8pm
reserved seating through Ticketswest.com


text: Ellen Choate did not pass away in 1930 She passed away sometime in 1970"S. She was my great grand mother and my son Leighton Nunn was born in 1966 and I have a picture of 5 generations of Ellen, my grandmother Mary Taylor her daughter, my father Thomas Taylor myself Shirley Kaye Taylor Nunn Key and my son Leighton Nunn when he was a small boy. My email is firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any questions. The family names all match. She is buried in Greenleaf cemtery in Tahlequah Ok.with her husband Thomas Langston. Also my grandmother Mary Taylor Crittenden is buried there also. Ellen was 96 years old when she passed away and Mary was 100's years old when she passed away. My father Thomas Franklin Taylor passed away oct. 13 1998 and is buried in the Ft. GIbson National cemetery. I don't know much about Ellen's parents except she was raised in an Indian orfanage. Her husband Thomas Langston passed away in 1962. May I ask what relation you are to my family. Please email me.


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Starting next year, North Marion School District is restructuring its administrative team, aiming to improve the flow of duties but not to disrupt learning.
North Marion High and Middle Schools will each have their own principal who is in charge of discipline and day-to-day operations. At the high school, that will be Principal De Ann Jenness. At the middle school, its undetermined who will fill that role. Next year, interim principal Barb Keeton will fill a newly created position as assistant director of teaching and learning under Desiree Kiesel, who will move from vice principal of teaching and learning to director of teaching and learning. Andy Jones will serve as athletic director for grades 6-12. And Caan Zarosinski, who has filled in as vice principal at the middle school this year, will go back to being a student advocate/counselor this summer.
The changes are a continuation of last summers shift, after Laurie Cooper resigned from being North Marion Middle School principal to become director of teaching and proficiency learning in the Woodburn School District.
We always intended to post that position since Laurie left, so we had an interim in Barb, said Superintendent Boyd Keyser. We are very proud of the work shes done, but she really has a strong background in curriculum and instruction. I told her shes welcome to apply for the middle school principal position, and she said she can serve best as an assistant director.
The posting for a new middle school principal will be up by the end of the month, with a candidate selected by mid-April, if all goes well, Keyser said.
While this change wont really affect students, the supervisory structure for teachers will be dependent on specific needs. For example, if a high school teacher has a curriculum issue, they would report to Kiesel; if the issue has to do with the daily operations of school, Jenness would be the contact.
The value of it here is we dont have a sufficient amount of support for all the things that are happening, Keyser said. The advantage of having those teaching and learning positions is theyre embedded in the buildings, not off at an office. That helps with requirements for evaluations and other things.
At the moment, Keyser, who serves as curriculum director in addition to superintendent, is handling K-5 teaching and learning, but he said he hopes to have a similar setup at that level too.
We have a common vision, but there are different school policies, so were thinking about how to operationalize a similar system at those other schools, Keyser said.
The new structuring will cost the district $17,266, with the elimination of a middle school vice principal making $74,084 and the addition of a director of teaching and learning making $91,350. Its a pay raise for Kiesel, whose former pay of $80,747 will be given to Keeton as assistant director.
My hope is its a seamless team, Keyser said. It looks like its a big change, but really its not a big change.


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It appears that all pairs of close powers involve a cube. For three pairs, the other power is a 7th power. For all remaining pairs, the other power is a 5th power. If this is true, then three powers are never close.
For the first 360 terms, 176 pairs are a cube and a 5th power. The remaining four pairs are a cube and a 7th power. - Donovan Johnson, Feb 26 2011
Donovan Johnson, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..360
27 and 32 are close because they are between 25 and 36.
nMax=10^14; lst={}; log2Max=Ceiling[Log[2, nMax]]; bases=Table[2, {log2Max}]; powers=bases^Range[log2Max]; powers[[1]]=Infinity; currPP=1; cnt=0; While[nextPP=Min[powers]; nextPP <= nMax, pos=Flatten[Position[powers, nextPP]]; If[MemberQ[pos, 2], cnt=0, cnt++ ]; If[cnt>1, AppendTo[lst, {currPP, nextPP}]]; Do[k=pos[[i]]; bases[[k]]++; powers[[k]]=bases[[k]]^k, {i, Length[pos]}]; currPP=nextPP]; Flatten[lst]
Cf. A117896 (number of perfect powers between consecutive squares n^2 and (n+1)^2).
Sequence in context: A275188 A198147 A144862 * A173136 A030134 A024796
Adjacent sequences: A117931 A117932 A117933 * A117935 A117936 A117937
T. D. Noe, Apr 03 2006


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The competition between Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) and Google (NASDAQ:GOOG) encompasses a huge number of features in Android and iOS, but one that many consumers use everyday is each operating system's voice assistant. Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster compared Apple's Siri and Google Now. He tested each with 800 queries and tracked their ability to recognize and answer speech requests. Munster tested each assistant in both a controlled environment and an uncontrolled environment, and measured the improvements that both Apple and Google have made in enabling Siri and Google Now to correctly interpret and answer questions.
In a similar test last December, the voice assistants came in tied with a grade of C+. The winner this time? Google Now, which was able to interpret and answer questions slightly more accurately than Siri, and earned a B to Siri's B-. Google Now was able to answer questions correctly 84 percent of the time, while Siri was able to answer them correctly 82 percent of the time.
One of Munster's measures of Google Now's improvement was its progress in the rate of its ability to correctly answer questions that it's correctly heard. In December 2012, Google Now was only able to correctly answer questions correctly heard 72 percent of the time. In December 2013, that rate had climbed to 81 percent, and it's since risen to 86 percent. Its overall ability to answer questions rose from 79 percent in December 2013 to 84 percent in July 2014, compared to Siri's improvement from 79 percent to 82 percent over the same period. Munster's grades — B for Google Now and B- for Siri — seems largely predicated on those figures.