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One of my biggest passions in life is convincing people to wash their hair less. I'm not kidding. I can really get on a soap box about it and luckily this blog is my unresisting platform. Muwhaha! If you are tired of washing your hair every day and the time it takes to style it, or the resulting frustration when you don't have time to style it, this post is for YOU.
How I Stopped Washing My Hair So Much
I have finely textured, straight hair. However, I have a A LOT of it. It also grows super fast. I have measured it a couple of times and it grows just under an inch per month–which I attribute to good nutrition and lack of styling damage and breakage from over-washing and handling. I'm only telling you all of this so you know what I'm working with…
I used to wash my hair every other day in high school when it was a coarser, wavier texture. I should mention that I grew up in Columbia, South Carolina–known for it's humid, hot climate. Even with the unhelpful weather, my scalp just didn't need daily washing. Fast forward to my early 20s when I'm living in Utah–known for it's dry climate–and my hair's texture has changed to straight and fine. With this new texture, I noticed that my hair was getting oily quicker than it previously had. I was shocked that in a drier climate my hair would require more washing. Around this same time, I also began struggling with fairly bad acne and something my dermatologist said at that time made total sense.
"The more you dry your skin out with traditional anti-acne products and wash it over and over, the more your skin will over-produce oil. Completely stripping the oils means you're signaling to the skin that it needs more moisture. The more you strip, the more oil your skin will produce." –My dermatologist in 2006.
My skin soon began responding to the practice of less washing with soap (the dermatologist had actually suggested washing with a low-foaming beauty bar) and more moisture in general through topical application and internal consumption. Soon, the idea also began to make sense to me in regards to my hair. With its new fine texture sitting so close to my scalp, it was natural that the hair would become greasier sooner than when I had wavy hair that tended to not lie flat against my head, but could I also train it to need to be washed less? Could I train it to produce less oil?
My Steps to Hair that Produces Less Oil
- I used a high quality salon shampoo recommended by a very trusted stylist. So many of the cheaper drug store shampoos are just not able to give you the same deep clean without stripping away all of the good oils from your scalp–which will cause over-production. Some of you will say you cannot afford something from a salon, but I promise you it lasts so much longer, because of the concentrated ingredients. If you need further convincing: remember that if you spend $4.50/month for a cheap quality shampoo * 12 months, you're spending $54/year on your shampoo. If you spend $36/once for a year on a big bottle of high quality shampoo, you've actually saved yourself money. I understand the initial pain of buying the more expensive shampoo, but I also value the $18 savings…and the better hair! Also, make sure to check places like TJ Maxx for discounted salon shampoos. You can find some killer deals!
- I added ONE extra day in between washes until I noticed a difference in oil production. It took anywhere from 1-4 weeks for my scalp to adjust in oil production for each additional day I added between shampoos. This means it looks somewhere around a year for my scalp to adjust to being washed once every 5-7 days.
- I discovered dry shampoo. Here is a great link with GIF's on how to properly apply the dry shampoo from a can. If you use it wrong, it won't do what it's supposed to do.
- I made my own dry shampoo! Here's my old video for application how-to. Recipe:
1 part unsweetened baking cocoa powder
1 part cornstarch
2-5 drops of lemon essential oil
Mix ingredients by shaking in a sealable container. Adjust Cocoa to Cornstarch ratio based on the color of your hair. Apply to roots using a makeup powder brush. I actually think my DIY dry shampoo works better, because it has less "other" ingredients in there to propel it out of the can. Less ingredients=better for you, the environment, and it's less to weigh down your hair.
- I continued to have sweaty workouts. After a regular workout, I would use a cool blow dryer followed by an application of the dry shampoo and it worked miracles for me. I also timed my heaviest workouts for the day before or of washing days.
- I had a plan for my hair on all days. If you wake up without a plan on Day 3, guaranteed you're going to spaz out upon seeing your less than freshly washed locks doing, well, whatever it is they're going to do. Try to plan a look for each day based on how you think your hair will be. Example of a plan: Day 1 hair – wear it down while it's super fresh. Day 2 – tease and wear the sides back to prevent the oils from getting all over your roots. Day 3 – apply dry shampoo and use curling iron to wear hair down with waves. Day 4 – use texture from waves and dry shampoo to do a casual up-do of some kind. Day 5 – cute pony tail, braid or sides up again. Day 6 – Hat day. Next Day – Wash!
My entire transition to washing every 5-7 days probably took the better part of a year, but it wasn't like every day was a greasy, tortuous mess! I took it a few weeks at a time for each extra day between washings and LOVED all of the time saved from having to wash, condition and dry my long, full mane of hair. I also loved having some hair with texture back in my life! If I washed my hair every day, I would never be able to get away with any sort of an up-do, braid or other cute hairstyle, because I simply wouldn't have the texture for it. Which would mean boring, straight (eventually fried looking, due to daily styling) hair every single day. No fun in my book.
My Hair This Week
I diligently took photos of my hair for 6 days. I did this so you could see one can look decent without washing her hair for (almost) an entire week. Images will load larger if you click on them. I hope this loads properly on a phone!
Your Hair Transition
I've written about what worked for me, but what will work for you is an entirely different matter. Perhaps your goal is to transition from daily washing to alternating days to wash or perhaps it's to get to Day 14 hair. Merrick of Merrick's Art has frequently mentioned that she can get this far and I'm just in awe of her. In AWE! She also has some great style ideas for what to do with your "dirty" mane here. If you need further hair ideas for anything beyond Day 1, check out Abby at Twist Me Pretty. Whatever your goals are, please know that it is possible to wash your hair less and still look great!
**Update** What I Do with My Hair in the Shower and the Pool.
Someone asked me about what I do with my hair when there's the potential for it getting wet. Here is my response.
Showering: I don't get my hair wet each time I shower (I do shower more than once a week, BTW!), so I pile it in a high top knot to keep it from getting wet. I have tried wetting it and not washing it, but it doesn't seem to do much good for my hair. I've heard those with curly or dry hair benefit from getting it wet with each shower, but for mine, it just seems to move the grease around. I also don't love having to re-blowdry and style my hair after each shower, as part of the point of washing my hair less is to keep it healthy and save time when I get ready.
Swimming: For swimming laps, I'll wear a swim cap. It's not perfect, but it helps a lot. I'll follow with dry shampoo. For full immersion (FUN!) swimming or diving off the diving board, I must wash my hair after the pool. Chlorine isn't just drying on the hair, it also leaves a residue that weighs it all down. For the most part swimming for me means I'm just hanging out in the pool with my kids, so I'll pile it in a topknot on top of my head, or I'll wear a hat over pinned up braids to prevent it from getting soaked.
Thanks for reading!
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SadnessYou Are Sadness
Even if you don't actively feel sad, it's likely that you've experienced a lot of loss in your life.
You feel withdrawn from the world and even a bit alone. It's hard to pick yourself back up when you feel this way.
Try to get out and do something, even if it's just going for a walk or visiting with a friend.
Your despair and melancholy is zapping you of your energy, and you've got to try to get it back somehow.

subset: commoncrawl


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The death toll of the terror attack at Ataturk International airport, Istanbul (Turkey), yesterday (Tuesday, June 28), masterminded and coordinated by three suicide bombers may cross 50, with about 147 reportedly injured.
Three explosions preceded by shooting with Ak-47s into the crowd by the terrorists with links to ISIS rocked the entrance of the arrival terminal around 8 pm. A brave policeman wrestled one of the suicide bombers who detonated his bomb. Another policeman shot one of the terrorists before he could blow himself up, allowing scores of people to escape imminent death.
Information pieced together suggest that the gunmen arrived in a taxi, tried to go through the x-ray machine before being stopped by policemen. They now began shooting into the crowd, killing security men and bystanders. Thereafter, two of the terrorists succeeded in detonating their bombs.
Already, a total of 36 are confirmed dead, with death toll expected to reach 50.


text: English English includes two classroom-based assessments, Oral Communication and the Collection of the Student's Texts. These emerge from key priorities in the Specification for English and are outlined in more detail in the Guidelines for the Classroom-Based Assessments and Assessment Task. Planning for Assessment Classroom-Based Assessment 1 Classroom-Based Assessment 2 Assessment Task Final Assessment The student's language learning is marked by a fully integrated experience of oral language, reading and writing. In planning a course the teacher will take account of the need to provide a wide range of opportunities for students to have meaningful and stimulating language experiences across a broad range of contexts. For example, a year's work might be organised around themes and/or central texts with other texts studied in broad contextual relation to them. A course would be expected to include many opportunities for students to create their own texts in response to those studied and as part of their general language and literacy development. In planning for assessment, the teacher selects a limited number of learning outcomes across the three strands clarifies the learning intentions designs a task or activity which will help students to develop the intended learning embeds assessment in advance, by clarifying the learning intentions and co-creating success criteria with students embeds assessment during the learning by providing opportunites for self-assessment, peer-assessment and teacher assessment, to help students to identify strengths, areas where there is scope for improvement and next steps in learning where desired, summatively assesses student work Oral Communication Students are given an opportunity to choose a topic or issue that is of interest or importance to them and to carry out an exploration over time. The development of basic research skills will be central here, e.g. searching for information, reading and note-making, organising material, using key questions to give shape to ideas, developing a point of view, preparing a presentation, using props, hand-outs etc. This task provides useful opportunities for practice of a range of oral presentation styles. In addition, the task offers students opportunities, where appropriate, to collaborate with classmates and others in gathering and developing materials, leading to the Oral Communication for summative assessment. General information on the oral communication classroom-based assessment Advice for students and student reflection note Features of Quality for oral communication Note-taking template Subject learning and assessment review Creative writing is a vital part of English, but students are not 'born' writers. They need to develop a voice and an identity, a good sense of audience, and an awareness of the process of writing – making notes from their reading and personal experience, trying things out, revising, and polishing for 'publication'. This is best done over time, with supportive feedback and scaffolding from the teacher. This Classroom-Based Assessment offers students a chance to celebrate their achievements as creators of texts by compiling a collection of their texts in a variety of genres over time and choosing a number of pieces to present for summative assessment. General information on The Collection of the Student's Texts Advice for students and student reflection note Features of Quality for the Collection of the Student's Texts Subject Learning and Assessment Review The Assessment Task is a written task completed by students during class time, which is not marked by the class teacher, but is sent to the State Examinations Commission for marking. The Assessment Task is specified by the NCCA and is related to the learning outcomes on which the second Classroom-Based Assessment is based. In the case of English this is The Collection of the Student's Texts. The Final Assessment in English will be offered at Higher and Ordinary Levels. At both levels there will be one examination paper. It will be linked to students' learning during second and third year. The assessment will address outcomes marked with the star symbol in the tables of learning outcomes. Students will sit a two-hour written examination paper. They will be required to engage with, demonstrate comprehension of, and respond to stimulus material. The content and format of the examination papers may vary from year to year. In any year, the learning outcomes to be assessed will constitute a sample of the outcomes from the tables of learning outcomes. The examination takes place at the end of 3rd Year. Sample 2017 English examination papers are available on www.examinations.ie.


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It's Monday people! I like to start the week right and today I'm making a smoothie combining my favourite fruits with a teaspoon of Fountain The Super Green Molecule. I mentioned this brand in a previous post and I'm excited to be trying the green version which contains mulberry, chlorophyll and kelp. I'm a huge fashion of fresh green juices so a daily spoonful of the green molecule is right up my street.
Have a great week!


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2019 Ford Cobra Exterior, Interior, Engine, Release and Price – The starting of 2019 Ford Cobra will probably be with consideration anxiously waited by those who are considering Ford Mustang series. Some gossips mention the firm will discharge it in close to 2019. Nearing since 2019 12 a few months item, the company, of course, is doing some enhancements that associated with its exterior, interior, and engine performance. Even so, the detail within the improvements is just not distributed nonetheless at the moment, but the following is some predict that will give any suggestions with regards to the upgrades which has been accomplished on the latest Ford Mustang.
2019 Ford Cobra Exterior And Interior
The Company will utilize the greater number of clean design. The car can get the timeless as well as conventional design. The combination of two patterns will offer eyesight-catching show-up. The details of the exterior changes will likely be released as soon as inside the published working day. The group definitely is going to do some changes in the front section of the automobile to acquire on the new design which is discussed previously. The body will be supposed to have been leaner than the previous merchandise to make the performance in the 2019 Ford Cobra far better. Interior designs of 2019 Ford Cobra will probably attain some advancements.
The cabin position will likely be engrossed in the top quality fabric that can give comfort environment. Then, there are actually some capabilities that are included with real present day modern technology to relieve equally driver and travelers in working them. Having said that, the excellent detail on the inside is definitely not handed out however from the firm. But, it really is assured which it would satisfy the consumers due to the exterior types.
2019 Ford Cobra Engine
It really is approximated the 5.-liter engine capability because of the V8 engine product could be the electric motor employed. It can offer power about 440 hp. The firm, then, will through the engine alongside the 10-speed transmission program. The result is approximated 2019 Ford Cobra could have increased and excellent speed in comparison to the previous design together with the predicate to get more productive in fuel absorption.
2019 Ford Cobra Release Date And Price
The release date of 2019 Ford Cobra is even so not recognized for now. It is actually forecasted will likely be on the market in near to 2019. Through the release date of the car, the price may also be not recognized also. It really is estimated the price stays to be cost-effective even though some could possibly be more than the last merchandise.


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A former gun-loving U.S. Marine who once weighed 240 pounds has revealed that she underwent surgery to become a woman, and that her new name is Sona Avedian.
Avedian was once a married man named Matthew who was the father of one child and completed six dangerous deployments in Afghanistan and Iraq, but now she says this was her way of "overcompensating" and hiding from her true self.
According to Daily Mail, she began transitioning in 2012 and lost 100 pounds in her journey to becoming a woman. She also shaved and lasered away her facial hair and had breast enhancement surgery.
Avedian says she was living the "American dream" with her beautiful wife and child. Now, she is amicably divorced from her wife Lucy, and is excited about continuing her life as a woman.
"Since I came out I have tried to live a normal life – it's like anyone, there are good and bad times," she said. "There are certain things I miss, I lost a lot of friends but I've also made a lot of new friends."
"I was following the American dream – I don't even know who I'm looking at in the before pictures, it was so depressing," Avedian continued. "Personally I'm much happier, I don't have any conflicts with who I am. I am definitely a tomboy and that's okay. Before I couldn't stand myself and I couldn't interact with people."
Avedian admits that her relationship with her ex-wife has been strained at time, but she says her bond with her 5 year-old daughter has always been strong.
"My daughter and I are awesome, she adores being around me," she said. "She only remembers me as a woman and I love how we interact, we are so much alike. Even though she's five, she has really intelligent conversations, especially if you push her to talk. I can talk to her like an adult. Most of our dialogue is cute little banter and I love it."
Retired from the military, Avedian is now an Uber and Lyft driver in Austin. Though she is currently single, she says she has "met a few nice guys" in Texas.
What do you think about this? Let us know your thoughts in the comments section.


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Yesterday afternoon we briefly had a poll included in our Obama Approval dataset on TPMPollTracker. So I wanted to take a moment to explain how it got in and why it was removed.The "approval" dataset is based on polls from numerous pollsters, each of whom ask some version of do you "approve or disapprove" of how candidate X is doing his or her job. The wording can be slightly different. But we only include polls that match that general format. In some cases, one pollster will ask one standard "approval" question and another that is similar but different. In that case, we track the more standard of the two. The key is consistency over time with each pollster and consistency of questions among different pollsters.
Pew has a standard approval question they ask every month. The wording is …
Q. Do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling his job as president?
They have recently started a separate poll commissioned by National Journal, which asks this question …
Now I'd like to ask your impression of some groups and individuals. Would you say [INSERT ITEM; RANDOMIZE] is doing an excellent, good, only fair, or poor job?
We've included the first in our approval dataset for years. The latter we decided — for the reasons I note above — not to include when it was first published in May. Pollster.com and RealClearPolitics, the two other operations that keep an Obama Approval average, also do not.
The nickel version of the story is that it's comparing apples and oranges. And the whole point of exercise is getting an apples to apples comparison.
Now, because the question is worded differently, it yields a dramatically different answer. Pew's last approval number came out on June 24th and showed 48% of Americans approving and 43% disapproving, which is a +5 spread. This other question had 40% either saying Obama was doing an "excellent" or "good" job and 56% saying he was doing an "only fair" or "poor" job. If you jam that into the approve/disapprove dichotomy it's a -16 spread.
In other words, big difference.
So how did it get in? Simple. It was a mistake. And as soon as we found it — about an hour or so later — we removed it.


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CHOP Silencing Reduces Acute Brain Injury in the Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Background and Purpose—Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers apoptotic cascades in neurons of the central nervous system after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of neuroprotection conferred by targeting cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) in the acute brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Methods—A total of 172 rats were used. Endovascular perforation induced subarachnoid hemorrhage. Two small interfering RNAs for CHOP were injected 24 hours before hemorrhage induction. At 24 or 72 hours, rats were neurologically evaluated and euthanized. The brains were recovered for molecular biology and histology studies.
Results—Western blot analysis revealed effective silencing of CHOP associated with suppression of Bim-Caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. Moreover, the antiapoptotic Bcl2 was found upregulated with CHOP siRNA treatment. A reduced number of TUNEL-positive cells in the subcortex and in the hippocampus reflected histological protection. CHOP siRNA treatment ameliorated intracranial sequelae of and improved functional performance.
Conclusions—We conclude that CHOP silencing alleviates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage via inhibiting apoptosis and that CHOP siRNA treatment has a clinical potential for patients with this type of hemorrhagic stroke.
Extensive protein damage occurs after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which leads to overloading endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with aberrant and unfolded proteins. This phenomenon may trigger unfolded protein response as an adaptive cellular mechanism, which, when overwhelmed, leads to ER stress and activation of apoptotic mechanisms. All major ER stress pathways (mediated by inositol-requiring enzyme-1, PKR-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6) converge on 1 transcription factor named C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP alias DDIT3/GADD153). PKR-like ER kinase phosphorylates eIF-2α, which, in turn, activates activating transcription factor 4. The cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) gene promoter contains a binding site for activating transcription factor 4 and activating transcription factor 6,1 while PKR-like ER kinase is required for transcriptional CHOP induction in response to ER stress.2 IRE1 may activate CHOP at the post-transcriptional level through p38 MAPK.1 The contribution of CHOP to neuronal death via apoptosis has been evidenced in the experimental cerebral ischemia.3 In response to severe ER stress, CHOP activates the expression of Bim, leading to Caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis4; however, the contribution of this pathway to the acute brain injury after SAH remains unknown. Meanwhile, the components of extravasated blood and the impact of generalized acute brain ischemia are capable of inducing ER stress in SAH. Therefore we sought to determine whether silencing CHOP confers neuroprotection in the hemorrhagic brain. To this end, we used 2 distinct CHOP siRNAs in the rat perforation model of SAH.
Animal Groups and End Point Measures
A total of 172 male Sprague-Dawley rats (Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA) were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham surgery, SAH untreated (vehicle group), and groups subjected to SAH and before intracerebroventricular injection (24 hours before SAH) of either of 2 sequences of siRNA for CHOP or scrambled RNA. SAH was performed by endovascular perforation with 4 to 0 nylon monofilament sutures.5 At 24 and 72 hours following SAH, the rats were euthanized under ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) anesthesia and perfused transcardially, with ice-cold phosphate-buffered sodium alone for molecular biology, followed by 10% buffered formalin for histology. At 72 hours, only brain water content and neurobehavioral tests were performed. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Loma Linda University approved this study.
SAH Severity and Neurological Scoring Systems
In order to confirm the equivalent level of SAH severity across groups, we applied an SAH severity classification system developed by Sugawara and colleagues, as described.6 We used a modified Garcia score system for neurological testing in a blinded fashion.7 The maximum neurological score was 24, indicating a healthy rat. Seventy-two-hour mortality was calculated by dividing the number of dead animals by the number of total used animals.5
Evans Blue Dye Extravasation
The permeability of blood–brain barrier (BBB) was evaluated on the basis of Evans Blue extravasation, as described previously.8 The brain level of Evans Blue was determined by spectroflurophotometry at excitation wavelength 610 nm, emission wavelength of 680 nm, and a bandwidth of 10 nm.8
Brain Water Content
Brain water content was determined at 24 and 72 hours after SAH8 by weighing then-drying brain tissue for 24 hours at 105 degrees C in the oven. The water content was calculated according to the following formula: wet weight to dry weight/wet weight×100%.8
CHOP Silencing
CHOP silencing experiments used intracerebroventricular infusion of 2 CHOP siRNAs with the following coordinates: 1.5 mm posterior, 1.0 mm lateral, and 3.2 mm below the horizontal plane of bregma.5 The sequence of the first siRNA for CHOP was sense, 5′GGAAGAACUAGGAAACGGA; antisense, 5′UCCGUUUCCUAGUUCUUCC. The second siRNA sequence was sense, 5′ CUGGGAAACAGCGCAUGAA; antisense, 5′ UUCAUGCGCUGUUUCCCAG. The irrelevant-scrambled RNA served as a control (Dharmacon/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Lafayette, CO). RNAs were injected in the sterile PBS at a rate of 0.5 μmol/L/min at 24 hours prior to SAH surgery.5 Sham animals received a burr hole; however, they were not subjected to intracerebroventricular injections.
Western Blot Analysis
Cerebral tissue-facing blood clots were homogenized in the RIPA buffer containing protease/phosphatase inhibitors, as described.9 The aliquots of 30 μg of total protein were run on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels and transferred onto the nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were probed at 4 degrees C overnight with the following primary antibodies (Millipore; all diluted 1:500): CHOP, Bim, Bcl2, Caspase3, and β-actin, then incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with respective secondary antibodies diluted 1:2000. The chemiluminescence signal was developed with electrochemiluminescence substrate (ECL) kit reagents (Amersham) and detected by exposure of Kodak radiographic films. The densitometry analysis was conducted with Image J software (NIH). The results were expressed relative to β-actin bands and normalized with regard to sham.
Triple Fluorescence Staining
Brain specimens were fixed in formalin, then processed as described to obtain 10 μmol/L frozen sections on glass slides. The antigens were retrieved by microwaving in 0.1 μmol/L sodium citrate at pH 6 for 10 minutes. This was followed by incubation with blocking serum for 1 hour at room temperature and overnight incubation with CHOP and NeuN primary antibodies (Millipore) (diluted 1:100), followed by secondary antibody (2 hours at room temperature).10 TUNEL was done with a kit.11 Histological preparations were coverslipped with an antifade reagent (Millipore) and looked at under an Olympus BX51 microscope. The photomicrographs for AMCA, Texas Red, and fluorescein stains were taken with computer camera and merged with MagnaFire software (Systat).10 A negative staining procedure was conducted with the omission of primary antibodies.
Quantitative Cell Count
TUNEL-positive cells were counted in a blind manner; numbers of TUNEL-positive cells were calculated, and subcortical regions in the hippocampus were averaged from 8 photomicrographs from each animal.11 Four rats per group were used for quantitative histology analysis.
Statistical Analysis
Data are expressed as means±standard error of mean. Statistical significance was verified with analysis of variance, followed by Tukey test for multiple comparisons. The probability level P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The analysis of mortality was done with χ2 test. Nonparametric analysis of variance was used for categorical variables.
SAH Severity Scores
Mean SAH severity score measured 24 hours after the bleeding was within the range from 14 to 15 points (Figure 1A). There was no significant difference in the severity scores across groups (ANOVA).
Mortality Rates
No mortality was recorded in the sham-operated rats (Figure 1B). Eighteen percent mortality was recorded in the vehicle group, while 19.5% mortality occurred in the scramble RNA group. Treatments with siRNA1 and siRNA2 reduced mortality rates to 7% and 11.6%, respectively. Our study, however, was not powered enough to detect the statistical difference in the mortality across groups (P=0.072, χ2).
Neurological Scores
The score plunged from 22 to 13.5 points in the vehicle group and to 13.7 points in the scrambled RNA group (Figure 2A). Then there was a higher score in the CHOP siRNA-treated rats in comparison with untreated controls (17.3 points for siRNA1 and 16.7 points for siRNA2). At 72 hours, the scores in the vehicle and scrambled group were 16.3 and 16 points, respectively. Small difference in neurological scores (not exceeding 1.5 points) between the siRNA-treated group and sham proved to be insignificant.
BBB Permeability
The Evans Blue level increased in cerebral tissues in the vehicle group compared with sham at 24 hours after surgery; 4.6-fold in the left hemisphere, 6.51-fold in the right hemisphere, 3.34-fold in the cerebellum, and 6.76-fold in the brain stem (Figure 2B). The increases of similar magnitude were recorded in rats injected with the scrambled RNA. CHOP siRNA reduced brain permeability for Evans Blue in all examined brain regions, as compared with vehicle and scramble RNA-treated controls. As compared with the vehicle group, the reduction in Evans Blue level was 46.06% and 43.60% in the left hemisphere; 63.66% and 63.51% in the right hemisphere, 34.84% and 36.10% in the cerebellum, and 61.40% and 61.22% in the brain stem, with siRNA1 and siRNA2 treatments, respectively (P<0.05 versus sham P<0.05 versus SAH).
Brain Water Content
Results are shown in Figure 2. At 24 hours after SAH, the brain water content increased by 0.78% in the left hemisphere, 0.74% in the right hemisphere, 0.43% in the cerebellum, while no significant change was found in the brain stem (Figure 2C). At 72 hours after SAH, the increase in brain water was 0.64% in the left hemisphere and 0.61% in the right hemisphere while the cerebellum and brain stem showed no increase in water content (Figure 2D). With both siRNA treatments, the brain water content was nearly normalized at 24 hours and 72 hours after SAH.
The Protein Expression of CHOP and Its Downstream Targets
CHOP silencing reduced the CHOP protein level in the cerebral tissue, as determined by Western Blot analysis (Figure 3A). The increase in CHOP in vehicle-treated SAH was 2.74-fold (2.96-fold in the scramble RNA group) respective to sham, indicative of ER stress response activated after the hemorrhage; however, in the siRNA-treated rats, the increase in CHOP proved to be only 33.78% and 32.45% of the increase in the vehicle group, with siRNA1 and siRNA2 treatment, respectively. The increase in Bim level was 3.57-fold in the SAH group compared with sham (Figure 3B). Silencing CHOP with 2 different siRNAs reduced expression of Bim in the cerebral tissue, to 31.18% (siRNA1) and 35.22% (siRNA2) of increase noted in the vehicle-treated group. Scramble RNA had no preventive effect on the SAH-induced Bim upregulation (3.83-fold increase with regard to sham). The Bcl2 level at 24 hours after SAH dropped to 27.33% of the basal level. In the scramble RNA-injected rats, the Bcl2 level was still depressed after SAH, at 25.11% of control; however, following CHOP siRNA treatment, the levels of Bcl2 determined in the cerebral tissues were 2.27 and 2.87 times higher than those found in the vehicle group (Figure 3C). The level of cleaved Caspase-3 in the hemorrhagic brain increased in the untreated and scramble RNA-treated rats, respectively, up to 365% and 347% of sham control levels (Figure 3D); however, these increases in cleaved Caspase-3 levels were reduced with the siRNA and siRNA2 treatments, by 69.85% and 72.89%, respectively.
Apoptotic Labeling Colocalizes With Neuronal Expression of CHOP After SAH
Triple fluorescence staining revealed increased CHOP immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and in the subcortical region and at 24 hours after SAH (Figure 4i and 4v). Merged images revealed that CHOP immunoreactivity colocalized with TUNEL in the neuronal cells (Figure 4iv and 4viii).
The Effect of CHOP siRNA on Apoptotic Cell Count After SAH
The quantitative analysis of cells with apoptotic labeling (TUNEL) in the posthemorrhagic brain are demonstrated in Figure 5. Numerous TUNEL-positive cells were found in the subcortical brain region after the SAH was treated with vehicle and scramble-RNA (Figure 5Ai and 5Aii), in contrast with weak TUNEL positivity in the sham-operated animals (Figure 5Ai inset). Cell count showed 70±6 and 72±4 TUNEL-positive cells per magnification field in subcortex after the SAH was treated with vehicle and scramble RNA, respectively (Figure 5B). Treatment with siRNA for CHOP grossly reduced numbers of TUNEL-positive cells, although it did not eliminate apoptotic cells completely (Figure 5Aiii and Aiv). In the subcortical region, percent reduction in TUNEL-positive cells was 63.2% for CHOP siRNA1 and 53.9% for siRNA2 as compared with vehicle (Figure 5B). The number of TUNEL-positive cells after vehicle-treated SAH amounted 62±16 in the hippocampus (Figure 5Av and 5C) while there was no hippocampal TUNEL positivity in the sham group (Figure 5Av inset). As shown by the graph (Figure 5C), the numbers of TUNEL-positive hippocampal cells were significantly reduced, by 63.2% and 58.9% with siRNA1 and siRNA2 treatment, respectively.
The results of this study indicate that CHOP siRNA treatment provides neuroprotection in the rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Suppression of the major mediator of apoptotic pathway after SAH resulted in the significant upregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl2, while the expression of proapoptotic molecules, including the executioner Caspase-3, was attenuated. Thus silencing CHOP, a major mediation of ER stress, resulted in the inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, the observed reduced BBB disruption brought significant reduction in the brain edema. Histological and molecular neuroprotection was accompanied by neurological improvement in the treated rats. The tendency toward reduced mortality rates with the treatment further emphasizes translational significance of the proposed siRNA-based therapy.
Our study has demonstrated that SAH induces ER stress and CHOP overexpression with activation of apoptotic cascades in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and subcortical neurons of the brain. This effect can be mediated by ischemic stimulation12 but also by the action of hemoglobin degradation products including iron.13 Previous studies revealed that CHOP mediates apoptosis after cerebral ischemia.14 It has been also proven that ER stress initiates widespread pathological apoptosis, which underlies injury of the brain and other organs.4 The neurological deficits after SAH have been ascribed to this excessive apoptosis.7 Therefore, reduced apoptosis with CHOP siRNA treatment could produce the beneficial effect of CHOP inhibition on the functional performance in the treatment group. Interestingly, widespread apoptosis in this present study was detected in neurons, which is consistent with impaired neurological status after SAH. There was only little immunoreactivity of CHOP seen outside neurons. Indeed, the role of CHOP in the astrocyte death is debatable.15,16
Studies have documented that ER stress triggers apoptosis through activation of Bim.17 The role of Bim in early brain injury after SAH has been hypothesized by earlier authors although never thoroughly studied.18 Bim is upregulated by ER stress through direct CHOP transcriptional induction.17 Subsequent permeability transition pore activation leads to cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, and Caspase-3 activation.19 As a result of CHOP knockdown, the upregulation of Bim after SAH was prevented, which led to suppression of the downstream apoptosis pathway.20 Consequently, cleaved Caspasse-3 was attenuated with the siRNA treatment.
Moreover, by blocking CHOP, we were able to prevent SAH-induced Bcl2-suppression as the Bcl2 level was not significantly different from sham with either of the treatments. Bcl2-suppression via activation of transcriptional repressors is an established mechanism of CHOP-induced apoptosis.4 Thus, the inhibition of CHOP could reduce apoptosis via prevention of Bcl2 downregulation. ER-restricted Bcl2 can inhibit apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli.20 Bcl2 can antagonize apoptotic effect via sequestrating Bim, required for mitochondrial permeabilization mediated by Bax.4
Interestingly, in primary neuronal cultures, CHOP appears to protect against neuronal death21, showing that the role of this factor varies across different experimental settings and may depend on different cell-type interactions. These conflicting results further support a need to investigate the role of CHOP in distinct models of cerebrovascular diseases.
Our results, showing a robust protection of BBB with siRNA treatment may point toward inhibition of CHOP-mediated apoptosis in the endothelial cell compartment. CHOP inhibition reduced vasogenic brain edema, which occurs as a consequence of BBB disruption after SAH.7 The role of ER stress in the endothelial apoptosis is well-documented and occurs in response to a variety of stimuli, including atherosclerosis-promoting factors and immunosuppressants.22,23 Although we have shown that CHOP inhibition could reduce BBB damage further, studies are warranted to gain mechanistic insight on this effect.
We used 2 siRNAs targeting CHOP mRNA in individual transfections rather than via a pooling approach. Thereby we wanted to verify the specificity of the protective phenotype derived from gene-silencing before SAH and to minimize the cumulative effect of off-target genes that often occurs in the pooled experiments24; however, for the sake of clinical relevance, a rapid post-SAH siRNA administration is desired. In order to work toward this requirement, further investigations may employ intranasal delivery, which bypasses BBB and promotes fast onset of action for siRNA-based therapeutics.25
In summary, the results of the present study confirm the involvement of CHOP in ER stress as a major inducer of apoptosis after SAH. CHOP silencing leads to reduction of apoptosis, preservation of BBB, and improved neurological function. This may suggest that antiapoptosis as a therapeutic approach in acute SAH may not be fully effective without targeting the ER component. To our knowledge, neuroprotective effects of targeting CHOP in SAH have been demonstrated for the first time in this present study. Our findings also reveal translational potential of siRNA-based therapeutics targeting apoptotic mechanisms after SAH.
Sources of Funding
The National Institutes of Health provided funding.
J.H.Z. disclosed a Research Grant from the National Institutes of Health.
- Received May 27, 2011.
- Accepted October 3, 2011.
- © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc.
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- CHOP Silencing Reduces Acute Brain Injury in the Rat Model of Subarachnoid HemorrhageZhaohui He, Robert P. Ostrowski, Xiaochuan Sun, Qingyi Ma, Bing Huang, Yan Zhan and John H. ZhangStroke. 2012;43:484-490, originally published January 23, 2012https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.626432
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- CHOP Silencing Reduces Acute Brain Injury in the Rat Model of Subarachnoid HemorrhageZhaohui He, Robert P. Ostrowski, Xiaochuan Sun, Qingyi Ma, Bing Huang, Yan Zhan and John H. ZhangStroke. 2012;43:484-490, originally published January 23, 2012https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.626432Permalink:


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CodePlexProject Hosting for Open Source Software
I got simple (an empty) fluent program running, but if I try to go to the design view for my main window Visual Studio 2008 always hangs (unless I hit escape to avoid loading).
I have uploaded my sample project to www.orangesoftware.net/fluent.zip
any ideas?
I downloaded Tehst FluentTest dotNET 3.5; the program runs but if I try to load TestWindow.xaml in the designer Visual Studio hangs.
There also was a lot of missing image files... (I changed them all to existing image files so I could try and continue...)
Okay, all I have to do was download dot Net 4.0 and Visual Studio 2010 which told me to (exit VS then) go into Windows 7, browse to the DLL file(s), open Properties and "Unblock". It all seems so simple now...
Still won't work with net 3.5 and VS 2008.
Are you sure you want to delete this post? You will not be able to recover it later.
Are you sure you want to delete this thread? You will not be able to recover it later.


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Archive for October, 2012
David Blaine – Electrified by ArcAttack!
Posted by Craig in Electronics, Microcontrollers, MIDI, Music, Tesla Coils on October 15th, 2012
You may know that Austins own ArcAttack was responsible for the massive Tesla coil set-up for David Blaine's latest endurance event at Pier 54 in New York. Here is Arcattack's Facebook page.
Look here for some behind the scenes videos.
It was a privilege to work on this project, and although a lot had to be done in a short time, it was very rewarding to see it through a successful conclusion. The coil electronics proved to be solid. Kudos to Joe DiPrima and Steve Ward for an excellent design and Christian Miller for the show controller. Great work by Sam Mcfadden in the design and the build.
Heres a shot of the crew after David left in an ambulance. (Pat Sullivan didn't make it in the picture though he was there.)
From Left to right, Tyler Hanson, Stephen Chao (David's Producer), Adron Lucas, Joe DiPrima, Steve Ward, Craig Newswanger (me). Other team members: John DiPrima, Pat Sullivan, Sam Mcfadden and Christian Miller


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CTL SB4 Chromebook Launched
New photos of the CTL 2016 Chromebook including it's new features, specifications and price. It's a perfect Chromebook for those on a tight budget.
Latest Google Chromebook Updates, Prices, Reviews and Features.
New photos of the CTL 2016 Chromebook including it's new features, specifications and price. It's a perfect Chromebook for those on a tight budget.
Download & Install Share to Classroom Chrome App and you can send your students to the same website and the students can also send you a web site directly.
Chromebooks Just outsold Windows Laptops for the first time ever in 2015, here is how Google did it, oops we mean Alphabet.
XMA UK release a new Laptop with Chrome OS. We introduce you to the Viglen Chromebook 11. Here is what it can do.
You don't need Skype, simply install Viber to make phone & video calls on your Chromebook.
Virtualization is here to stay! Dell's Appliance for Wyse — vWorkspace will enable you to run Windows 7, Windows 8 or Windows 10 on a Chromebook.
Will the ASUS C201 Chromebook be the cheapest laptop ever? According to ASUS, the answer is year, here are the specs, prices and details.
We have the specs, stats, pics and price for the Chromebook Pixel 2015 that you have to see to believe.
Google has their own operating system? Since when!? Believe it or not but Google began working on their own operating system since the mid 2000's, more specifically they started working on one somewhere around...
Well well, well…So you want to know what a Chromebook is eh? Well simple, A Chromebook is a laptop or sometimes called a notebook of a different caliber. Instead of Windows or Mac OS,...


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No other people group on earth would say this to him except for Catholics and Christians of the last 1800 years.
The Question should be: Why is this verse and others like this in the Holy Scriptures?
My prayer is that Abba show to me how to do what he began six years ago in my life not so as to pacify Christians but rather to sound the alarm......
I had the opportunity to share with a family member, my kid sister, someone who is very, very close to me about how God's method of communicating through the Bible is unlimited, not limited. I showed to her how the patterns are repeated or how passages in one story are actually repeated by the actions of King David or Yeshua in another part of the Bible. These are not just revealing shadows of the Messiah but also supernatural brilliance that are on display in every generation. They are purposed for the last generation which will witness the hand of the Lord move against deception. It is going to be violent beyond anything we have witnessed and it will be so in order to save Israel....Not Christianity or even Judaism as we know both today.
Matthew 11:12 "From the days of Yohannan The Baptizer until this hour the Kingdom of Heaven is led by force and the violent are seizing it."
The great and terrible day of the Lord is not what the church thinks...
We, my sister and I were on SKYPE so I was able to see her reactions. My sister is a life long Christian, of rock solid faith. She acknowledged that the family knew that God's hand has always been on my life in a rather amazing way. I was the first to receive him and now I was bringing this message into the family 35 years later. My family is astounded. I was showing to her what most Christian Pastors do not know and therefore cannot share. I was showing to her God's word as opposed to sharing a sermon, HUGE difference. I was able to watch my kid sister's eyes get wide. I saw Abba teaching to her his word, not how to apply it alone.
I realize more and more that the Western mind raised within Christian doctrine cannot see God's word from an Eastern mindset which is how he conveyed it. His word was written by Hebrews, to Hebrews all of whom shared evolving cultures from an Eastern or Middle Eastern methodology. The term Middle East came about after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. This term presents a relatively new concept describing an ancient world. Most of us alive today see the Middle East as a place where Muslims live, or the oil is. This is our abstract concepts. We don't know the history or how the people of the ancient world still see Western culture as divisive and corrupt. Islam is simply another part of the Babylonian system that was born in the garden which gave rise to Nimrod, and which gave birth to the Greek mindset. This attitude and mindset has always challenged God and his people.
Ray Vander Laan addresses this issue well:
My issue with Vander Laan is that one cannot fit the beginning into Christianity. Christians must return to the beginning.
Those of us who are in Western Christianity see the world from a Greek template that has evolved. God's word was never Greek but translated into this Greek methodology from it's original Hebrew culture. The Jews were a conquered people at this time as well. America follows a Greek identity. From sports on Sunday (gladiator) to philosophy and conjecture within our academia. Even the days of the week and calendar months are Greek. The Hebrew mind cannot fit into a Greek construct which is in opposition to all that God poured into Abraham, Isaac & Jacob. Through Israel we have his word, his alphabet, his calendar and his concepts. We have the Bible.
Nearly six years ago the God of the Bible showed to me how he sees his word and he did it in a nano second. It has taken me this long to really understand what happened to me.
While on Skype I saw a person, my kid sister who was reading along with me the Holy scriptures, experience moments of complete surprise and amazement. I was able to have her shift in her thinking so as to see how the Bible is written...not just what she was reading. I have realized for sometime now that I have much to learn about how to share with Christians the story in the Bible. The problem for me is that I cannot do it from a Christian mindset. Most, and I do mean most are oblivious to the Eastern method of understanding the scriptures. I know Christianity and most of the world has been deceived and does not know it. I continue to watch the remnant, of those called out of religious systems hearing God's voice. I am one of many. God showed to me nearly six years ago what this means. I am just now realizing why it is so hard to explain.
The argument that is immediate when I confront how we have been taught addressing Christianity is the battle that God introduced me to nearly six years ago. I am addressing a different or original construct of the Bible.... I know myself to be one sounding the alarm, a watchmen on the wall if you will and I don't try to package this so that Christians get tidbits or nice facts. Rather my heart's cry is that we start connecting the dots. When the Lord comes he won't be having a conversation about how we got it wrong....[He did that already]
I see the collapse of many nations, the war in Israel, and the death of hundreds of millions occurring very, very, very soon because, I see the patterns repeating in the scriptures. I understand that the CHURCH is not going to be raptured like Christianity teaches in most doctrines. I understand the Terror, Famine, Disease, and War [patterns] that follow Leviticus 26:14-39. Most Christians cannot see these patterns repeating in our generation...possibly the last generation. We have not been taught to see what a remnant of the Jews have known about God for 4000 years. Furthermore, we don't understand what the remnant of Gentiles is as well. 'We only see what they don't know as a whole while we point a finger at them. We tell them to accept our understanding which has killed millions of their family members for nearly two thousand years.
Acts 15:17 SO THAT THE REST OF MANKIND MAY SEEK THE LORD, AND ALL THE GENTILES WHO ARE CALLED BY MY NAME,
I see the praise of Jerusalem about to inhabit all of creation.
Isaiah 62:6-7 I have set watchmen on your walls, Jerusalem; they shall never hold their peace day nor night: you who call on Yahweh, take no rest, and give him no rest, until he establishes, and until he makes Jerusalem a praise in the earth.
Notice the Holy Scriptures do not say the Western or Christian Church.
Most Christians do not understand the TORAH, or God's instruction, God's appointed times, God's Calendar, the Sabbath or what, why and how Israel has always represented God. [Not as Jewish folks but, HOW GOD SEES HIS PROMISES TO ISRAEL.]
We think the Gospel and the books of the new testament are a new revelation. Most Christians do not realize that the many denominations and non denominations of those who call upon Jesus have killed more Jews than any other people group on earth. Our understanding is just as blind as are the Jews who did not accept their brother Joseph.
We believe that grace is our blessing for accepting the Messiah.... overlooking the millions of deaths caused to millions of races as a result. To quote my friend Walid Shobat, "Something is a bit fishy here."
Western Christianity does not understand the Bible, we understand the translation. Christianity was ripped off and Christians have been following these doctrines for centuries. No Christian wants to be told that he or she is wrong...Here is the truth, WE ARE WRONG!
We don't know it. This is the Great Deception as it applies to the Christian faith and all groups whose ideology was born out of Egypt, Persia, Greece, Rome, Ottoman Turks and Western society. These represent "Patterns"
Walid Shobat shares with Christians "Wake Up" he is trying to show the mindset that blocks us from seeing what is really happening. I don't think we can wake up because we don't know that we are asleep!
It simply destroys me when Christians say, "I am saved by grace" while living in a nation that allows men to marry one another while watching the church system be silenced. We are a nation that sacrifices God's kids. We are a nation that tosses marriage into the trash heap. We are a nation that lives on drugs and medication instead of the garden that Adam was placed into. This is God's hand raised against the church not men and Christians do not know this. We think it is the world system shutting up our voice. No, it is our lack of understanding that is causing God to shut up our voice. [Certainly our treatment of Israel] We do not understand TORAH....Our Sunday morning sermons are not having the impact that our fathers, Abraham, Isaac & Jacob had. We were never grafted into Israel so as to become Rick Warren and Jeremiah Wright Jr.
Jesus was Jewish for a Kazillion reasons and Israel is completely surrounded by the kings of the earth in order for the Lion of the Tribe of Judah to save his people.....Not the Catholic Church or the Christian denominations. This is planned, so too is Islam!
How to share this message to a people who defend a mixture of the truth with a lie is very, very difficult. I have to keep learning how to do this but I cannot do any of what I do from a Christian perspective. In my mind, in every thought that I have, every tear that I share, it is the Christians who must return to God's word. I think that much of Christianity is more lost than those that are unsaved.....
Now how many of you want to hear that sort of thing
Now you know how difficult this is. The Christians who seek after this understanding truly are those who hear his voice for such a time as this. I did not start this, Elohim did.
Those of you who are coming out of the doctrines of Western Christianity have to share your testimony if you read this....
- Please leave a comment that shares why...
- Please do not bash but rather be honest so that others might see.....


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Rushdie might visit India for 'Midnight's Children' promotionFollow us on Social Media
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Controversial author Salman Rushdie may fly down to India towards February-end to promote the film adaptation of his Booker Prize-winning novel "Midnight's Children", says the movie's director Deepa Mehta.
"I am sure he is coming. I was told by PVR Pictures (the movie's distributors), that he will be here for the publicity of the film a week before it opens in theatres. That will be nice," Mehta told IANS here Wednesday.
Mehta, who is based in Canada, says Rushdie describes the book as his "love letter to India", and he will be more than happy to talk about it with the people.
"He talks about the film amazingly. I sort of get shy about it, but he loves the movie, and loves talking about it. It is really sweet," said the Indo-Canadian filmmaker, who admits Rushdie is "satisfied" with the movie.
Rushdie, who visited India in March this year, was earlier stopped from attending the Jaipur Literature Festival in January for the fear of protests regarding his controversial book "The Satanic Verses". But as Mehta indicates, he is excited about coming here for "Midnight's Children".
The author himself turned the 600-page book into a screenplay.
"He wasn't too keen on doing it initially. He felt that since he had written the novel, I should just run with it. But with a novel, which was 600 pages long, I needed somebody, who would not get intimidated by the process of elimination," she said here....being a human...


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WATCH: This is what happens when you light up a supermarket aisle full of fireworks
A TOTAL idiot has proved why you really shouldn't set-off an entire aisle of fireworks at a busy supermarket.
In footage taken this weekend, a prankster lights the fuses of some fireworks before allowing them to catch on to all the surrounding boxes.
The result? A fierce inferno complete with multi-coloured sparks that even the bravest firefighter wouldn't want to tackle.
The video was filmed in a Wal-Mart supermarket in the United States, but it's not clear exactly who was behind the mayhem.
Since the clip hit Facebook, it has been viewed millions of times and garnered thousands of comments.
And the majority of people agree that whoever did it is a total pillock who should probably be arrested.
One person wrote: "I guess it's just the adult in me. But I don't see anything funny about this."
Another said: "I hope they catch the menacing idiot that did this. Stupidity runs rampant these days and increases the cost of goods for all of us. No humour in this stunt whatsoever!!!!"
But monumentally stupid firework stunts are relatively commonplace these days.
In April, a lad was filmed being pranked by his mates who tied a firework to his bum.
And last year, masked yobs threw a bunch of crackers into a packed London takeaway – leaving staff and customers absolutely terrified.


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Contact Us Today!
For more information or a no obligation consultation concerning your Tax Problem, feel free to call us at:
(877 829 2739)
208 938 8500
Category Archives: Bankruptcy
When are Taxes Dischargable in Bankruptcy?
This will provide an overview of bankruptcy discharge of taxes. It is important to learn the principles of tax discharge in bankruptcy if you represent clients with tax problems. This is a complicated area of law. The information provided below … Continue reading
Things to Do Before Considering Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is at an all-time high in America. Many people have filed for bankruptcy because they feel they don't have any other options. If you are considering bankruptcy, look at these items and see if you have done them first. … Continue reading
Posted in Bankruptcy, Blog Tagged Filing Bankruptcy Leave a comment
IRS issues new rules for Offers in Compromise (OIC)
Dramatic Reduction in amount required to settle an IRS Offer in Compromise (OIC)! In a dramatic change in policy the Internal Revenue Service has issued new rules for acceptance of Offers in Compromise. In the past the IRS has required … Continue reading
Posted in Bankruptcy, Blog, Tax Attorney USA Tagged Offer In Compromise, Oic Leave a comment


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Category archive: Wedding
James & Shaylene, wedding day
Salt Lake Temple. Sunshine. A friend to come second shoot with me. Good day. Plus, I had never been to Le Jardin, a pretty groovy little place for receptions.Details
James & Shaylene
One quick post/photo for one quick session. Shaylene and I had shot once previous for a James Bond shoot (see here) and she asked that I shoot the wedding as well!Details
Rachel & Piper, wedding day
Yet another Ute wedding. But this one had a special flare to it. The Most Epic Chrony Ever Period. 2 former editors (Rachel and Matt) of The Daily Utah Chronicle (the school newspaper for the University of Utah, for which I am a former assistant photo editor) entered nuptial hell/bliss together, and so my buddy/coworkerDetails
Karly & Carlos, anniversary pics
So a fellow photographer was hired to shoot some anniversary pics for a couple, Karly and Carlos, and I offered to go along to help. I also took my camera and shot some second-shooter style pics and this is what came out. LOVED them, especially with a black and white toning.Details
Zach & Addi, wedding day
After an awesome formals session the day quickly came for the bells. Salt Lake Temple on a beautiful day, then up to Rice-Eccles tower for a ring ceremony and reception. Another long day, but worth it!Details


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By Sugao / Wednesday 10 December 2008 07:48 / France
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krystal753 | 0
who's your boyfriend..... Ron Weasley
By skine | 0
Jamming thousands of tiny sharp needles into a man's face generally is painful. Rubbing thousands of tiny sharp needles against a man's legs generally is painful, and especially over an extended period of time.
By will90 | 5
Too many negative votes, comment buried. Show the comment
Get nair or smooth away. My god acslayter thats fucking disgusting.
ShutUpAndStare | 7
Meh you get used to it
breadfuck | 0
I lot of men shave. I do, most of my best mates do, we got together one time, all the guys and their girlfriends. Ended up being a revelation of naughtiness. and our girlfriends all love the clean shaven as we do with them.
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Most Recent from YES! Magazine
From the Current Issue
The Northern California Fibershed aims to skirt the rampant waste of resources in the apparel industry.
When we have reconsidered the lives we have built, how will we live?
These authors will help you talk about White supremacy by using reasoning and research rather than anger and frustration.
The two words we should be worried most about? Fascism and authoritarianism.
It's no longer a white-people thing, a big city thing, or an ultra-fit athlete thing.
No one is born a rapist, a sexual abuser, or a porn addict.
The Scandinavian success comes from focusing on economic justice and making immigrant success stories more visible.
It's a radical but simple experiment that builds community and keeps useful things out of the landfill.
One strategy is to reintroduce people to their towns, show them what they can buy locally, and dispel the myth that it's more expensive.


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Bullseye Dartboard Cabinet
Item Number:953701
A focal point on any game room wall. Play darts in style with this solid wood cabinet with 3 dimensional carved and hand painted details. The Bullseye Darts Club cabinet makes a great gift and will enclose a regulation size dart cabinet. Includes chalk boards inside the doors for keeping score.
Have a Question?
- 27'' H x 24'' W x 4"


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|Natural Cures Nutritional Supplements Benefits of Mineral supplements
Mineral Supplements
Like Vitamin supplements, Mineral supplements also have great significance in the proper functioning of the body system. There are varieties of mineral supplements depending upon specific purposes. One important mineral supplement is Zinc Supplement.
Benefits of Zinc Supplements
• It activates white blood cells to fight infections.
• It helps protect the body against viruses.
• It also helps for sperm production in men and keeps the prostate gland healthy.
• It is essential for good memory.
• It helps to improve immune function.
• It helps in adding calcium to bones and teeth
• It also helps in brain injury recovery and improves brain function
• It can even cure bad breath.
Even some supplements increase the body's need for zinc. Calcium supplements and magnesium supplements can interfere with the absorption of zinc. Never take zinc at the same time you take these supplements.
Herbal Supplements
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Disclaimer: Information provided on this site is for educational purposes. The information in not given as medical advice nor is it intended to propose or offers to propose a cure for any disease or condition. Before starting any medical treatment, please consult your physician.


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Former Premier League footballer Marlon King has been jailed for 18 months for dangerous driving after a crash which left a motorist with a broken arm.
The former Middlesbrough striker had pleaded guilty to a charge of dangerous driving at Nottingham Crown Court in March.
Sentencing King at the same court today, Recorder Paul Mann QC said: "I do not regard your case as merely impulsive or silly behaviour.
"It was aggressive. It was arrogant."
The court heard King had been eating an ice cream at the wheel when he caused a three-car pile up on the A46 in Nottinghamshire last April.
The judge also handed King a three-year driving ban.


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Staff and volunteers from Meals On Wheels of Tarrant County and TXU Energy delivered food, heat-safety information and energy-efficient nightlights to more than 3,000 Tarrant County residents Tuesday in a combined effort to help homebound seniors remain safe and comfortable through the summer.
As part of the program, 89-year-old Wanda of Saginaw received a new washer and dryer to replace her 40-year-old units that consumed excess electricity and added unwanted heat to her home. Wanda, who is blind, is a client of Meals on Wheels and a customer of TXU Energy. TXU Energy purchased the appliances from Oliver Dyer's, which delivered and installed the new units.
TXU Energy is an active member of the communities it serves and maintains partnerships with social service agencies, collaborates with community leaders and operates TXU Energy Aid, the largest bill-payment assistance program among competitive retail electricity providers in the U.S.


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In working with kids and parents, I have noticed that when the kid struggles, be it with peers, academically, or otherwise, he often takes it out on his parents. There is one fairly well accepted explanation for this tendency. Essentially, the idea is that a kid trusts his relationship with his parents. His parents are not going anywhere and they are not going to leave or abandon him just because he gets angry with them. It is safe to get angry with them, while with friends it may feel like more of a risk. After all, a friend can leave you more easily than family can if he doesn't like how you are acting. [i]
While I agree with this position, I believe that there is another layer to the reason why a kid takes out his anger and frustration on his parents. To explain it, I must start with the infant. In an infant's world, it is the parents' job to make the infant happy, content, and fulfilled. Every need he has, the parent supplies the answer. Every discomfort, the parent adjusts. For a brief period, that is his world, being tended to by parents that he initially does not even perceive as separate individuals.
These early experiences leave us with a primitive memory[ii] of when our parents tended to our every need, and that was all we knew of them. An infant does not know that his parents have more to who they are than being his parents. An infant doesn't even recognize that his parents have a relationship with each other that is independent of their relationship to him. Parents are simply "mom" and "dad" (or some such variants, depending on the family configuration). As he grows up, the child is slowly robbed of that illusion. He comes to see that his parents are actually people! He becomes aware that his parents have needs and agendas and interests independent of being parents. And this is truly a loss for the kid. He loses that sense of exclusivity, that sense that his parents are just there for him. As an infant and child, he felt as if he encompassed the dominant theme in the sphere of his parents' lives. And to a large extent, he did. As he matures, he grows to realize that his parents are three-dimensional people with elements to who they are other than 'just' being his parents.
Parenting goes beyond a full time job. It becomes part of a person's identity, for some it becomes the largest part of their lives. However, there is a difference between a role being a large part of one's life and it being who they are. No matter how big or demanding the role, it does not represent the entirety of their personality. Even if the role takes up all of their time, it is still not who they are; although, they may start to forget that themselves. But, from a young child's perspective, early on, it is who they are. They are Mom or Dad. In his early memories, the child feels as if his parents' lives are occupied by the role of being a parent. (For younger siblings, they never fully have this, for they have to share even that with their older siblings.) The child cannot see beyond that identity. Anything else in the parents' lives is secondary.
Most kids grow out of this view; some faster than others. As he grows, the kid becomes aware that his parents have other interests, roles, needs, and demands in their lives. Parents are not simply "mom" or "dad." That is not who they are. They are Sally, or Bob, which means many things, only part of which is being a parent.
Some parents go to great lengths to make their children their highest priority. For such a child, this can be a wonderful foundation. He can gain a core sense of confidence and self-value that can help him navigate the cruelty and indifference of the world. The world will eventually teach him that he is not as special or important 'out there' as he is to his mom. However, this loss of priority is better than never having felt like a priority. It is better to give him a childhood that leaves him mourning the loss of feeling so special than a childhood that leaves him feeling devalued and needing to spend the rest of his life recovering by seeking approval and acceptance from others.
So, first, a kid can retain a primitive memory of when his parents tended to his every need, and the unconscious belief that this is still their job. So when the world frustrates a kid's desires, when he encounters obstacles and upsets and setbacks, and there is no clear villain to be angry with, he may still have the ingrained memory of his parent, whose job it is to make him happy, content, and fulfilled. So if he is not happy, content, and fulfilled, it must be his parent's fault… mom is not doing her job. So despite a lack of any logical connection between the event and his parent, this kid will instinctively resort to taking his anger out on that parent.
Second, a kid can have a primitive and nonverbal resentment towards his parents, often more so towards his mother, since that is the parent with whom most children typically feel that sense of exclusive priority (as primary parent). This resentment stems from a sense of abandonment. With the realization that his parents are not simply put on the earth to tend to him, the child begins to realize that he will have to cope with life on his own. He begins to see that it will be his job to protect himself, to soothe himself, to in some ways to 'parent' himself; and this is a harsh realization.
[i] According to Psychologist Dr. Roni Cohen-Sandler, kids take their anger out on parents "Because their mothers are their safest and most available targets. Because girls know that if they express anger at their teachers or especially at their peers, they will be shunned. But their mothers, who love them unconditionally, will not, for example, tell everyone else in the family, "she's a loser, don't let her sit at the dinner table!" …And so girls know that they can express anger towards their moms." Cohen-Sandler, Roni. (2000). I'm Not Mad, I Just Hate You!: A New Understanding of Mother-Daughter Conflict with Roni Cohen-Sandler. As part of a WebMD Live Event. Retrieved August 6, 2007, from medicinenet Web site: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=54003
Displacement is a common defense mechanism, or means of coping with stress. It can be useful in situations where is it inconvenient or unsafe to express one's anger directly with the source of that anger (for example, because that source is physically or socially threatening, such as a teacher or bully). So the child's anger is expressed in other, safer relationships, called scapegoats, with less fear of consequence. Often this results in exaggerated reactions to minor events. Sometimes, displacement can also be a defense against recognizing the real source of anger. Tucker-Ladd, Clayton E. & the Self-Help Foundation. (1996-2006). Psychological Self-Help. Pp. 28 Retrieved August 7, 2007, from http://www.psychologicalselfhelp.org/
[ii]Historically, it was thought that memories from infancy were lost due to "infantile amnesia." Essentially this theory was that memories could not be formed during infancy. More recently, the accuracy of this belief has been questioned. There is considerable evidence that early experiences impact the development of the brain. Furthermore, studies have shown that pre-verbal babies can demonstrate functional memories. For example, A recent study showed that the same fundamental mechanisms that underlie memory processing in adults are present very early in infant development, instead of emerging hierarchically over the 1st year, as previously thought. The study found that even young infants were able to remember an event over the period previously thought to be subject to infantile amnesia if they are periodically exposed to appropriate nonverbal reminders. Rovee-Collier, Carolyn (1999). The Development of Infant Memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science 8 (3), 80–85.
Another study found that infants form memories as well as adults, only they forget more easily than adults. They found that by age 8 months, most infants put together memories in the same way as adults. As they get older, the persistence of memories becomes progressively longer over the first 18 months. However, if an event is significant enough, then an infant is more likely to remember it longer. Infant Amnesia –Not anymore, says experts. (2007, February). Retrieved September 19, 2007 from Medindia Website: http://www.medindia.com/news/view_news_main.asp?str=1&x=18473
However, if the brain is so strongly affected by what happens in these early days, why can't we remember any of it? Typical explanations point to either a storage issue or a retrieval issue. However, a more recent explanation is that memory is not a single function, but that it is made up of several abilities controlled by a network of different brain systems. The major distinction is between conscious recollection of experience, called declarative memory (like remembering your first grade teacher), and unconscious memories of skills and habits, called non-declarative memory (like riding a bike). The unconscious memory system appears active and available from birth, while a conscious memory counterpart develops later. So we can remember experiences and skills on an unconscious level, but lack a conscious memory of them. Schaffhausen, Joanna. (2000). Gone but not forgotten? The mystery behind infant memories. Retrieved September 19, 2007 from Brain Connection Website: http://www.brainconnection.com/topics/?main=fa/infantile-amnesia


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An evaluation of methods for very short-term load forecasting using minute-by-minute British data
This paper uses minute-by-minute British electricity demand observations to evaluate methods for prediction between 10 and 30Â minutes ahead. Such very short lead times are important for the real-time scheduling of electricity generation. We consider methods designed to capture both the intraday and the intraweek seasonal cycles in the data, including ARIMA modelling, an adaptation of Holt-Winters' exponential smoothing, and a recently proposed exponential smoothing method that focuses on the evolution of the intraday cycle. We also consider methods that do not attempt to model the seasonality, as well as an approach based on weather forecasts. For very short-term prediction, the best results were achieved using the Holt-Winters' adaptation and the new intraday cycle exponential smoothing method. Looking beyond the very short-term, we found that combining the method based on weather forecasts with the Holt-Winters' adaptation resulted in forecasts that outperformed all other methods beyond about an hour ahead.
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Volume (Year): 24 (2008)
Issue (Month): 4 ()
Pages: 645-658
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| Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijforecast
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Alves da Silva, Alexandre P. & Ferreira, Vitor H. & Velasquez, Roberto M.G., 2008. "Input space to neural network based load forecasters," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 616-629.
- Ramanathan, Ramu & Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive W. J. & Vahid-Araghi, Farshid & Brace, Casey, 1997. "Shorte-run forecasts of electricity loads and peaks," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 161-174, June.
- Hyndman, Rob J. & Koehler, Anne B. & Snyder, Ralph D. & Grose, Simone, 2002.
"A state space framework for automatic forecasting using exponential smoothing methods,"
International Journal of Forecasting,
Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 439-454.
- Hyndman, R.J. & Koehler, A.B. & Snyder, R.D. & Grose, S., 2000. "A State Space Framework for Automatic Forecasting Using Exponential Smoothing Methods," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 9/00, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
- Sánchez, Ismael, 2008. "Adaptive combination of forecasts with application to wind energy," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 679-693.
- Gould, Phillip G. & Koehler, Anne B. & Ord, J. Keith & Snyder, Ralph D. & Hyndman, Rob J. & Vahid-Araghi, Farshid, 2008. "Forecasting time series with multiple seasonal patterns," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 191(1), pages 207-222, November.
- Anne B. Koehler & Rob J. Hyndman & Ralph D. Snyder & J. Keith Ord, 2005. "Prediction intervals for exponential smoothing using two new classes of state space models," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(1), pages 17-37.
- Dordonnat, V. & Koopman, S.J. & Ooms, M. & Dessertaine, A. & Collet, J., 2008. "An hourly periodic state space model for modelling French national electricity load," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 566-587.
- V. Dordonnat & S.J. Koopman & M. Ooms & A. Dessertaine & J. Collet, 2008. "An Hourly Periodic State Space Model for Modelling French National Electricity Load," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 08-008/4, Tinbergen Institute.
- Taylor, James W. & Buizza, Roberto, 2003. "Using weather ensemble predictions in electricity demand forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 57-70.
- Taylor, James W. & de Menezes, Lilian M. & McSharry, Patrick E., 2006. "A comparison of univariate methods for forecasting electricity demand up to a day ahead," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 1-16.
- Darbellay, Georges A. & Slama, Marek, 2000. "Forecasting the short-term demand for electricity: Do neural networks stand a better chance?," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 71-83.
- Gardner, Everette Jr., 2006. "Exponential smoothing: The state of the art--Part II," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 637-666.
- Cancelo, José Ramón & Espasa, Antoni & Grafe, Rosmarie, 2008. "Forecasting the electricity load from one day to one week ahead for the Spanish system operator," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 588-602.
- Cottet R. & Smith M., 2003. "Bayesian Modeling and Forecasting of Intraday Electricity Load," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 98, pages 839-849, January.
- Soares, Lacir J. & Medeiros, Marcelo C., 2008. "Modeling and forecasting short-term electricity load: A comparison of methods with an application to Brazilian data," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 630-644.
- Jursa, René & Rohrig, Kurt, 2008. "Short-term wind power forecasting using evolutionary algorithms for the automated specification of artificial intelligence models," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 694-709. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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SCHOOLS, businesses and a church have all been hit by lead thieves.
A spate of seven thefts have taken place in and around Mildenhall in the past month.
Schools, including College Heath middle, St Mary's primary and Beck Row primary schools and Mildenhall College of Technology (MCT) all had lead taken from their roofs.
Susan Byles, headteacher at MCT, said she was angered by the thefts – especially as the school is already in a dilapidated state.
"It's a big inconvenience and it's not covered by the school's insurance because it's a theft," she said.
Around 400 metres of lead was taken from the school's roof over the weekend.
"That means money that could be going towards the children's learning will now have to go on repairing the roof.
"It's really quite atrocious that anyone can consider stealing from places where children go to learn," she said.
The Riverside Hotel, in Mill Street, and St Mary's Church, in Barton Mills, as well as a private residence in Field Walk were also hit by thieves.
Peter Merrick, director of the Riverside Hotel, said: "I am amazed that anyone could get on to the building in plain view of the street."
Frances Lewis, church warden at St Mary's, was the first to come across the damage along with colleague David Powell, on Monday afternoon.
"Strips of lead had just been ripped off the roof. We were very angry," she said.
The thefts are believed to have taken place between February 28 and Tuesday.
A police spokesman said: "Owners of properties vulnerable to metal theft are urged to make buildings and sites as secure as possible to keep criminals out."
Calls in relation to these events should be made to police on 01284 774100 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555111.


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Saint Paul Youth Ministry
The EDGE is a Catholic Youth Ministry designed to meet the education, spiritual, emotional and social needs of early adolescents in grades six, seven and eight. Through spiritual experiences, service projects and social gatherings, EDGE strives to enrich Catholic youth and draw them closer to Jesus.
Saint Paul Edge December Service Project Saturday, December 10th at 6:30pm at Housing Opportunities, 2001 Calumet Avenue in Valparaiso. RSVP to Cathie Dull.
For more information, contact Cathie Dull at firstname.lastname@example.com or 219-508-5606.


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Flocka Makes Sense Of The Random Song Title
I'm sure I wasn't the only one who scratched their head when Waka Flocka dropped a song called "Rooster In My Rari". Thankfully Buster from Wired 96.5 had me covered, and got the meaning from Flocka backstage at the Philly stop of Drake's Club Paradise tour. He also speaks on his new album, his mega new single and more.


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A Digital Story by Amy Goodloe
This project is an example of a CDS-style digital storytelling project, which is one of your options for a video project.
In June 2012, I participated in a Center for Digital Storytelling workshop that gave me the opportunity to produce a new version of the story below, to better serve as an example for students in my WRTG 3020 class on the Rhetoric of Gender, Sexuality, and New Media, given that they would be working on such a project themselves (exploring their own emerging awareness of their gender and/or sexual orientation identities).
This version, which has images as well as an audio voiceover, is much closer to what students might produce for a digital storytelling project. So I made it primarily to serve as a demo, but this is by no means the end of the story!
The example also illustrates a technique that might be of interest to other digital storytellers: using screencasting to capture a live drawing on an iPad. I couldn't find images to illustrate one small part of my story, so instead I projected my iPad screen onto my MacBook and used Camtasia to record the screen as I drew a simple stick figure in Art Studio on the iPad.
As you can see, I can't draw, but no one expects digital stories to be produced by professional artists. However, if you can draw, this might be a particularly creative way to illustrate your story, especially if you sped up the recording a bit.
I made the first version around 2010, as my first effort at showing students how to work with images, transitions, and captions in iMovie. The video served as a demo of those techniques, not as an example of the digital storytelling projects they would be producing, but the "photo slideshow" still told a story of sorts.
Something I realized later: I should've clarified that the dates on the opening screen refer to the time frame for the photos (and the story they tell), not my life span!


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Photo and recipes from Recipehubs.com
Why is it important to do a seasonal cleanse?
Banyan Botanicals gives an easy to understand analogy as to why seasonal cleanses are an important part of healthy living. Imagine you have a garbage disposal where you throw out food you no longer want. What would happen if the garbage disposal became clogged, but you continued to throw food into it. Eventually, the garbage disposal would start to smell from all the rotting food, it would back up the disposal and may eventually affect your pipes ability to function and flow. This is what can happen to our bodies, mind and our digestive system when toxins build up.
What types of toxins does a seasonal cleanse help release?
It's important to cleanse or detoxify the body and mind to remove toxins which show up in our daily lives. Some external toxins that we're exposed to include pollutants, pesticides, chemicals, such as caffeine, cigarette smoke, cosmetics, heavy metals, household cleaning products, pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and preservatives.
All of these chemicals can affect our metabolic function. The body can naturally release these toxins, but the body can also become overwhelmed or overburdened by them. Internal toxins like carbon dioxide, ammonia and free radicals are also known to produce waste byproducts in the body.
Take the Toxicity Quiz!
Does your mind feel heavy, cloudy or depressed?
Do you have want to lose weight but feel like it's difficult?
Do you need to gain weight but have a difficult time keeping your weight up
Do you feel stressed often?
Do you have a white or yellow coating on your tongue upon waking up?
Do you experience indigestion, acid reflux, bloating or gas?
Does your energy feel low? Or do you feel constantly lethargic?
Do you have a difficult time going to sleep/insomnia?
Do you experience congestion or sinus issues?
Do you crave sugar, fried, oily foods?
If you answered YES to more than two questions, it's time for a seasonal cleanse!
READ more about the UPCOMING CLEANSE!
Photo from theviewfromgreatisland.com
10 Day Cleanse
Ayurveda and Yoga
Mini-Detox and Purification Group
October 21, 2016 – October 30, 2016
Yoga – Meditation – Recipes – Support Group – Ayurveda Consultation – Pranayama – Rest
Need to lose weight or gain weight?
Reduce stress?
Create sustainable, healthy living habits?
Need to release stagnant energy patterns that no longer serve you?
If you're new to cleansing and Ayurveda, this program is created with you in mind!
You'll learn MANY life promoting practices and tips in Ayurveda, yoga and self care.
READY TO INVEST IN YOURSELF? Join the Group!


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THE army was last night accused of being the source of the foot and mouth epidemic after it admitted supplying untreated waste food to the pig farm where the disease broke out.
In an astonishing development in the search for the epidemic's origin, The Telegraph has learnt that slops - including waste meat imported from countries where the disease is rife - were supplied to the farmers at the centre of the outbreak. The food was taken from the kitchens of Whitburn Training Camp, near Sunderland, and fed to pigs at Bobby and Ronnie Waugh's farm in Heddon-on-the-Wall, Northumberland.
A spokesman for the Ministry of Agriculture said last night: "We cannot comment on the investigation into the source of the outbreak, because it might prejudice further actions that may have to be taken, including prosecutions."
The link to the Waughs' farm was admitted by Baroness Symons, the defence minister, who came under pressure from the Liberal Democrat peer, Lady Miller of Clithorne Domer. "For more than 25 years, an unwritten agreement has existed between local Army commanders and the Waugh brothers to dispose of a minimal amount of wet food waste on an occasional basis," she said in a written answer to Lady Miller last week.
Bobby Waugh yesterday said that he last collected a lorryload of wet food slops from Whitburn camp in December. The disease was identified at the farm on February 22, but was thought by Maff vets to have been present among the 600 pigs for several weeks. Mr Waugh, who is licensed by Maff to process waste into swill, added: "I collected waste food from Whitburn around 10 times a year." He claimed that it was processed into swill at a neighbour's farm.
MPs demanded an immediate inquiry into the affair and accused Maff of smearing the Chinese restaurant trade to cover up the link to the Army. At the start of the foot and mouth crisis there had been a furious row when a Maff official alleged that illegal meat used in Chinese restaurants was probably to blame.
Some restaurants suffered a 40 per cent drop in trade as a result and demonstrators marched on the ministry headquarters in London.
The Ministry of Defence faced calls to stop buying cheap meat for soldiers from countries where foot and mouth is endemic. More than half of the meat served to soldiers is imported, some from Brazil and Uruguay where the serotype O strain of foot and mouth - the one that is ravaging Britain - is endemic.
The admission that imported Army meat went to the farm at Heddon-on-the-Wall is the first time that a potential path of infection has been identified, although the MoD claimed yesterday that its imported meat came from farms free of the disease. Last month, when Maff said that swill was believed to be the source, it did not disclose the existence of the contract between the Army and the Waugh brothers. Whitburn camp is a rifle range used by the Territoral Army and the cadet force for four months a year.
Tim Yeo, the Tory agriculture spokesman, yesterday described the disclosure of the Army supplies as "a very serious matter". He added: "I never believed that the smear against the Chinese restaurants had any foundation and it now appears to have been an attempt to divert attention away from the real culprit.
This must be investigated immediately and it cannot wait for the wider inquiry that will be held after the epidemic has been defeated. We Conservatives were arguing long before this outbreak that it was wrong for the Ministry of Defence to be importing so much cheap meat from countries that do not meet the same standards of farming as the UK."
Lady Miller, the Liberal Democrat agriculture spokesman, urged the Army to stop importing meat from foot and mouth countries. "The slur on the Chinese restaurant trade was utterly unfair. We need a stronger regime of quality checks."
Yesterday, the MoD said it was "sure" that its imports were not the source of foot and mouth. A spokesman said: "There is no reason to suspect any MoD establishment. Some meat is imported from Brazil and Uruguay, but it is from foot and mouth-free regions of those countries and conforms with British and European regulations."
Fears that humans had become infected with the foot-and-mouth virus diminished yesterday after a further five people were cleared by medical tests.


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John de Cheam
John de Cheam [Cheyam] was a 13th-century English cleric who became Bishop of Glasgow. Before attaining Glasgow, he had previously been the archdeacon of Bath and a papal chaplain. In the summer of 1259, after the quashing of the election of Nicholas de Moffat, Pope Adrian IV provided John to the see, and he was consecrated soon after at the Roman court without any consultation with the Glasgow canons. His election was opposed by King Alexander III of Scotland, who sent a protest to Pope Alexander IV. The pope refused to revoke the decision, but promised to make John render fealty to the king. Bishop John arrived in Scotland in the year 1260. When the mother of the king, Marie de Coucy, fled from her second husband John de Brienne (a.k.a. Jean d'Acre), the Grand Butler of the King of France and the son of John de Brienne, King of Jerusalem, Bishop John was used by King Alexander to reconcile them. Bishop John was one of the witnesses to the Treaty of Perth on 2 July 1266. However, his good relations with the king did not make up for the resentment felt by the Glasgow canons at an outside appointee, and John eventually resigned his see in 1267, and went to France. He died at Meaux the following year, and was buried there.
- Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)
|Religious titles
|Preceded by
Nicholas de Moffat (unconsecrated)
William de Bondington
|Bishop of Glasgow
|Succeeded by
Nicholas de Moffat (unconsecrated)
William Wishart (unconsecrated)
Robert Wishart