text:
No companies under the searched state. You can see below the companies serving under neighboring states if any.
AZ Industries does waterjet cutting for precision cuts. Our cuts are offer close tolerances and high precision within +/-.003". Waterjet cutting leaves no thermal distortion or burrs. Our capabilities allow us to cut on a wide range of materials. We have competitive pricing, flexibility and speed. Whatever it is you need, we have got it for you. All of our products are made in the USA! Water Jet Metal Cutting in Illinois.
Since 1988, Snow Engineering has been a rapidly growing contract manufacturer offering processes like wire EDM, waterjet cutting, small hole drilling and tool and die design. We utilize the most up-to-date technology. Our dedicated and knowledgeable staff strives to provide uncompromised accuracy and superior production of every product. Contact us today for a prompt quote and competitive pricing. Water Jet Metal Cutting in Illinois.
Ability Engineering Technology (AET) began in 1947 and provides water jet cutting services, design, and testing services. Using reliable abrasive water jet cutting technology and water jet machining, we cut materials from simple to complex and provide the product, prototype to production. Water Jet Metal Cutting in Illinois.
With a state-of-the-art production facility dedicated exclusively to abrasive waterjet machining, Chicago Waterjet offers cutting capabilities of virtually any material with accuracy as close as +/-.001. We specialize in meeting today's demanding deadlines. Our personal attention to detail provides our customers with consistent quality waterjet machining services at the most competitive prices. Water Jet Metal Cutting in Illinois.
Hennig Gasket & Seals is a leader in the Chicago-area sealing community. We use a CNC waterjet machine and water jet machining process to cut nonmetallic materials up to 2" thick. Our water jet cutter offers a precision and accuracy level of +/- .005", as well as time and cost efficiency. Call today! Water Jet Metal Cutting in Illinois.
An industry leader in the custom fabrication of custom parts & components such as gaskets, Standard Rubber Products has provided customers with a diverse line of products. SRP provides both the latest in precision water jet cutting and custom die equipment & technologies to ensure top quality material fabrication. Our team of experienced engineers are ready to help you. Water Jet Metal Cutting in Illinois.
Mid-Plains Industries has become one of the most respected names in the custom fabricating industry. Besides our extensive line of conveyor systems, machine guards, tables, sinks and platforms, we also offer machining and assembly services such as design, forming, welding and installation. Our waterjet cutting and laser cutting capabilities will exceed your requirements to deliver a precise part. Water Jet Metal Cutting in Illinois.


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Let's start stickering. Buy 4, save 25%. Buy 10, save 50%.
This miniature / ACEO was painted using coloured pencils and ink on drafting film. To see more art visit www.miniatureartbykhull.com.
(900 views as at Jan '10)
aceo coloured pencil cute drafting film hamster hand karen hull miniature pencils rodent
Lovely picture,well done.
Thank you Peter
Oh its fantastic! Great colors and details. By the way, sweet pet ;)
Thank you so much Olenka for viewing my art and taking the time to comment :)
So glad you like it!!!
Just so precious! Warm wishes, Julie.
Thank you so much Julie – I really enjoyed doing this one!!!
Really cool, I like this.
Thank you heaps CD – hope it put a smile on your face!!! :))
Wee hamster hug,in yer hond snug as a bug.Nice wee pet tae hiv',whin a hug yea want tae give.The Auld Yin.
Another delightful little poem Auld Yin – thank you!!! :)
Your work is just amazing Karen! I love all of your images :)
So sorry I missed your lovely comment before Christina and thank you!!! :)
Thank you so very much Gason!!! :)
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subset: commoncrawl


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London, Nov. 22: The long-term effects of Botox, the anti-wrinkle drug favoured by ageing celebrities, are unknown, a leading neurologist has warned.
According to Dr Peter Misra, of the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, Botox is being used ahead of clear scientific evidence.
In an editorial in the British Medical Journal, he says the drug, a derivative of the deadly botulism toxin, is used to treat conditions based on anecdotal evidence and small-scale studies.
The fastest growing cosmetic treatment, Botox injections are used to reduce wrinkles. The toxin affects nerve endings, preventing the brain from sending messages that make muscles contract. Sir Cliff Richard, Lulu and Christine Hamilton are among the celebrities known to have used the treatment. Madonna, Kylie Minogue and Liz Hurley are also rumoured to have used it.
Studies suggest that the drug can also help with migraines and Parkinsons disease. Dr Misra said the toxin was licensed only for a few specific conditions in Britain, based on clear scientific evidence of its efficacy and safety. These conditions include muscle spasms and stiffness, twitching and excessive sweating.
Botulinum toxin is reported to be useful in more than 50 conditions, he added. Some of the off-licence indications are substantiated by some evidence, but its efficacy in other conditions is based on observations made in small numbers of patients.
Studies show it affects the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain while a version of the poison plays a part in inhibiting neurotransmitters, he said.


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There are 3 other file types using
the SOL file extension!
.sol - Solution file
.sol - Adobe Flash shared object
.sol - Canoco analysis file
Software that works with sol file extension
SOL file extension - SWAT soil input file
What is sol file? How to open sol files?
File type specification:
The SOL file extension is associated with the SWAT. File contains information about the physical characteristics of the soil in the HRU.
The default software associated to sol file type:
Company or developer:
Grassland, Soil & Water Research Laboratory
SWAT (Soil & Water Assessment Tool) is utility used to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds.
List of recommended software applications associated to the .sol file extension
Recommended software programs are sorted by OS platform (Windows, macOS, Linux etc.) and possible program actions
that can be done with the file: like open sol file, edit sol file, convert sol file, view sol file, play sol file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
- Others sol file
Unspecified and all other actions for computer programs working with sol file - SWAT soil input file
Click on the software link for more information about SWAT. SWAT uses sol file type for its internal purposes and/or also by different way than common edit or open file actions (eg. to install/execute/support an application itself, to store application or user data, configure program etc.).


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Archive for Gluten Free
A Gluten Free Blueberry Muffin That is Healthy, Moist and Scrumptiously Good!Posted by: | Comments
Are you looking for a blueberry muffin that is healthy and scrumptiously good…….look no further.
This blueberry muffin is a "must try." It is gluten free (only because I love baking with gluten free flour) and happens to be a very healthy blueberry muffin full of nutrients, fiber and protein.
The BEST PART is this blueberry muffins is DELICIOUS!
Give your kids this delicious blueberry muffin for breakfast and they will be VERY happy! Read More→
How To Substitute Gluten Free Flour in Recipes?Posted by: | Comments
I LOVE gluten free flour…………. and I have NO "issues" with gluten. Rather I eat gluten free flour because I love the taste and the health benefits.
Gluten free flour can be used to make delicious baked treats that are really healthy for you and offer a variety of tastes that are different from our "wheat based society." Once you start baking with gluten free flour, you will wonder why you have not always used these amazing flours before! If you want to know HOW to bake with gluten free flour, READ ON! Read More→
Lovely Lemon Muffins That Are Even Gluten FreePosted by: | Comments
Healthy Muffins – Gluten Free – Lemon Muffins
Exciting news! There are big, huge yellow lemons on our very own fruit tree that once stood only a foot tall three years ago. Now this lovely lemon tree towers above our heads with fat, beautiful lemons. Therefore, I had to start baking with lemons!
Have you ever eaten home made lemon muffins? Ohhhhh, if you have not, you have to try making them. I loved them and so did my family! Read More→
Health Benefits of Gluten Free Amaranth FlourPosted by: | Comments
If you are looking to make gluten free baked goods, or to combine a wonderfully nutrient rich flour with whole wheat flour, then you have to try Amaranth flour. Amaranth is considered to be a super grain like Quinoa flour is and is one of the best complete proteins you can get from plants.
What is The Difference Between Almond Flour and Blanched Almond Flour?Posted by: | Comments
Are you ready to try another super baking flour that is really healthy for you? Try Blanched Almond Flour and/or almond meal when making healthy cookies or healthy muffins. Blanched almond flour is gluten free and can be used as a main flour or can be combined with other gluten free flours.
Blanched almond flour and/or almond meal add a moist, sweet taste to your baked goods and also share the wonderful health benefits of the super food- the almond.
Amaranth Flour & Quinoa Flour-A Complete ProteinPosted by: | Comments
Baking Flour – Gluten Free Flour – Amaranth Flour- Quinoa Flour
Remember reading about "Green Eggs and Ham," from the classic and timeless childhood author Dr. Seuss?
We all know that by eating a healthy breakfast of green eggs and ham, (perhaps without the green) that we will be receiving a powerful, "complete protein" to start our days off right.
What most people don't know is that you can eat blueberry muffins, pancakes, waffles, biscotti, cookies and/or scones made with whole grain flours like Amaranth or Quinoa flour, and you can also enjoy a complete protein breakfast, or snack!
I Fell In Love With Coconut Flour!Posted by: | Comments
Guest Blogger- Cookbook Author – "Cooking with Coconut Flour"
When I first started experimenting with gluten-free baking I quickly became discouraged. It required four or five different types of flour plus an assortment of other ingredients like xanthan gum, vinegar, powdered milk, etc. Baking was a chore and the end result wasn't always as I expected.
That's why I fell in love with coconut flour—a relatively new gluten-free flour. Unlike other gluten-free flours you don't need to combine it with a dozen other ingredients in order to make delicious tasting baked goods. Baking with this wonderful flour is relatively simple.
Quinoa Flour is a SUPER Food For Healthy BakingPosted by: | Comments
Quinoa flour is one of my favorite healthy flours. Quinoa tastes great and also adds a lightness to baked goods without using white flour. I often combine whole wheat flour and Quinoa flour to achieve a wonderful combination in my healthy baking recipes.


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Above the Pattern 1908 Cavalry Trooper's sword of Col. Taylor
Below the Pattern 1899 Cavalry Trooper's sword it replaced because it received poor reviews during the Boer War
Below the Fred Taylor DSO cavalry sword (the 1908 pattern featuring the new evolution towards thin and straight thrusting blades) above the James Mason DSO, infantry officer's sword (the 1845 Pattern compromise blade, slightly curved for slashing rather than piercing).
The infantry officer's new style straight blades had been issued to them as the 1897 pattern, but many preferred to go to war, in 1899, carrying the old style, dashing and curved, 1845 pattern swords, as did James Mason.
|Go to the Paardeberg Sword
Note the more robust construction of a working trooper's sword, with its far larger bowl to protect the hand, and the extra length to match lance and rifle bayonet reach.
|Great Canadian Heritage Treasure
The fabulous presentation sword awarded to one of Canada's great soldiers of World War I, by the First Hussars.
It is a trooper's pattern 1908 cavalry sword given to Col. FA Taylor DSO, VD. The DSO is second only to the Victoria Cross in the hierarchy of military honours.
The British 1908 pattern cavalry trooper's sword, replaced a bad sword, the 1899 cavalry trooper's sword, and is the last pattern to be issued. (In 1912 the cavalry officer's pattern was produced so ending the evolution of British fighting swords.)
The blade is dated June 1918.
It has the leather wrist strap of a working weapon. During heavy sword action, if you dropped it, you could pull it back with the strap.
The engraving, to Col. FA Taylor DSO, VD, can be seen on the scabbard, starting just to the right of the loops.
The scabbard and bowl are brightly nickel plated to make it a spiffy presentation piece.
|Pattern 1908 Cavalry Trooper's Sword, Presented to Col. FA Taylor DSO, VD by the First Hussars - 1918
|Orig. sword - Size - oa 1m 8 cm - blade 89 cm
Found - London, ON
Copyright Goldi Productions Ltd. 1996-1999-2005
TAYLOR, Frederick Arthur, Lieutenant, B Squadron Canadian Light Horse - Distinguished Service Order - awarded as per London Gazette dated 11 January 1919 and Canada Gazette dated 29 March 1919, p 8 Sup.
The enemy machine guns and infantry prevented him bringing the convoy back to our lines, but he disabled the convoy and it was taken possession of next morning when our line advanced. He displayed great courage and presence of mind in particularly difficult circumstances.
An oddity of this presentation sword is that it is a trooper's pattern 1908 sword, not its successor for cavalry officers, the 1912 pattern, which had a sharkskin and wire wrapped grip, instead of the rubber pistol grip which Taylor's sword has.
Its rolled steel plate bowl also has no etched floral pattern on the front.
Why the First Hussars chose to present Col. Taylor with this pattern sword is an interesting question.
Perhaps they wanted to show the respect they had for him as "a working" soldier, instead of a parade ground dandy, which an officer's sword might imply. He won his DSO sharing the danger of the men he led.
The semi-pistol grip of the 1908 pattern sword is a great innovation. It is a sort of squarish shape and made of heavy ribbed rubber. It gives the best feel of any sword grip we've ever held.
This sword was designed for thrusting, not for slashing or cutting. To that end the pistol grip had a fore-finger stop underneath, and a recessed thumb stop on top. Both would aid, substantially, in pushing the weapon home, against any obstacle.
The Slasher vs the Pointer - The age old debate among cavalrymen about whether a sword should be primarily used for slashing or stabbing resulted in compromise swords during the 19th century. They did neither very well.
|Go to the Paardeberg Sword
This cavalry sword ended the debate. The blade was made straight and thin for piercing power. It was designed entirely for stabbing and so completely unsuitable for cutting and slashing.
It is not swashbuckling pretty, like the curved slashers of old. When King Edward VII saw it he blanched and called it "hideous."
At an overall length of 43" (blade 35") its designers claimed that, with the trooper's arm extended, its reach could match a lancer's thrusting distance, and that of a bayonet wielding rifleman. We have no anecdotal accounts of survivors of such encounters to testify if this turned out to be true...
Another problem surely also must have been, that when it was thrust into a body at the gallop - and World War I did not offer much opportunity - and penetrated to the hilt, the cavalryman, hoping to sweep by an enemy he just pierced, might very well dislocate his shoulder trying to withdraw it, or break his wrist. Or he might lose the sword entirely, or get unhorsed. A slashing sword did not present this problem. So back to the drawing board.
So, its outstanding reputation as a sword design rests on precious little practical experience and also on the fact that the sword as a tool came to an end in World War I.
Some of the more prominent markings on the spine of the blade is P 08 for the sword pattern 1908.
Swords that are left in their scabbards or are neglected, for decades, can acquire rust. A preliminary cleaning with lemon juice and vinegar cleaned off a lot of the surface rust.
The marking include
- the broad arrow, showing it is a military issue
- the manufacturer SB & N
- crown 3H
- crown 35 E
- 29
On the other side of the blade are:
- crown D4E
- 30
- crown 3H E
- crown 1D E
- 6 '18 for June 1918, when it was manufactured
On the front lip of the bowl, visible in the "grip picture" above are:
- 5.1.D.G (perhaps 5IDG - 5th Inniskilling Dragoon Guards
- 235
The scabbard is also marked with a broad arrow and DG 40.
The sword may have originated with the 5th Inniskilling Dragoon Guards.
Right how British cavalrymen carried the 1908 pattern sword, strapped alongside the carbine boot.
Few of them ever got to use it.
|Go to Other Mounted Men
|Go to Lancers
The First Hussars, who presented Col. Taylor with this sword, have a museum in London, Ontario, Canada.
Below Fred's attestation papers showing he signed up as a Lieutenant with considerable military experience into a mounted unit.
But his birth date is wrong. He was born in 1883, not 1915.


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When some of Goel's most trusted servants start to disappear, the Seven Sleepers must fight the temptations of the dream machine and find a way to bring them back
Publishers Description
Something strange and terrible has been happening in Nuworld. Some of God's most trusted servants have disappeared- simply vanished With only a list of the missing persons and a secret password, God has sent the Seven Sleepers on another mission: "Find My servants and bring them back, but be very careful. You might be one of the next to disappear." That could never happen, of course.
Josh, Sarah, Dave, and the others know God too well to be tricked by one of His enemies... Or do they? What starts out as a harmless game--a stress reliever--could be the end of the Sleepers, and the end of all of God's servants. Come along as Josh Adams and his friends learn a few unexpected lessons about deception and addiction, and a lot about themselves. Join the Seven Sleepers on their most dangerous mission yet
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NEUROHOSPITALIST PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT Job Job At Spectrum Health In Grand Rapids
Description: Spectrum Health is presently trying of RN – Aero Med Flight Nurse Job proper now, this vacancy shall be depute in Michigan. Kolkata, Oct 17 (IANS) Health safety provider Max Bupa has supplied for an merchandise dispersion delicate below the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) plan in three expresses, a top organization authority mentioned Monday. The restoration mannequin changes the patient/practitioner relationship placing the person on the centre, managing their own recovery and the medical practitioners become extra facilitators. This overcrowding will have an effect on the schooling system and the health care system.
Responsible and accountable for the general nursing care management of an assigned group of patients. Now that I know Adam is just like me albeit a bit further alongside the Autism Spectrum then that give me lots of hope and optimism for each of our futures. He&ME spectrum body-shape up comes with Patented expertise, ISO9001 quality assurance, a hundred% satisfaction guarantee and 5 years product life-span. Yes, Chiropractic care has a confirmed track report in providing care for infants all the way to the elderly.
Request the Doctor to assessment your childâs medical file so that he is capable of confirm/ locate the primary day that symptoms had been reported. Since getting two Robert Wood Johnson Foundation grants in 2002, Dr. Bernadett has served because the Executive Vice President of Research and Innovation at Molina Healthcare. In early 2014 our new progressive care unit will open growing the whole variety of beds at the youngsters's hospital to 234.
The Ratings and Healthcare Provider information consists of statements of opinion and never statements of truth or suggestions to utilize the providers of any specific Healthcare Provider. This is a step beyond patient centered care that's currently stressed at most colleges (it is important to do not forget that irrespective of how good you guys get at bodily therapy, a patient will judge you on your 'soft expertise' – that's your bed aspect method.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 17, 1978
|Filing date
|Feb 17, 1976
|Priority date
|Oct 31, 1974
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Mark N. Worthington
|Original Assignee
|Worthington Mark N
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (97), Classifications (40)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of the copending application of Mark N. Worthington, Ser. No. 519,521, filed Oct. 31, 1974 for solar collector-heat exchanger, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,109.
The present invention relates to solar collector-heat exchangers and is concerned primarily with a heat exchanger of novel construction affording high efficiency in the transfer of heat and is particularly adapted not only to the heating of homes, but also for other purposes involving heat exchange.
Due to the energy crises presently existing, the attention of engineers and inventors has been directed to solar collector-heat exchangers which are designed primarily for the heating of homes and other premises. The heat exchanger unit, that is the apparatus that actually transfers heat, is the very heart of such a solar collector-heat exchanger. If the apparatus is to be mounted on the roof of a house or other building, and particularly a home, there are space limitations which must be accommodated. Thus, if the installation is bulky and occupies too much space on the roof, it will not be acceptable to the public for either one or both of two reasons. In the first place, if it is unusually massive and has great weight it is not susceptible of installation on a presently existing building because of the necessity of the building structure supporting the weight of the exchanger; and secondly, the apparatus which is installed on a roof should be of a compact thickness and occupy a small area to avoid an unsightly appearance.
Every solar collector-heat exchanger, for its very nature, must include a surface onto which the sun's rays are directed and collected. The heat so generated must be transferred to the underside of this surface. Thus, efficiency in the transfer of heat is of the utmost importance in a solar collector-heat exchanger.
In the patent application above identified, the heat exchanger unit has many characteristics of the subject heat exchanger. Thus, it includes longitudinal channels provided by an intermediate flat sheet and corrugated sheets on either side thereof. Air is caused to flow through these channels and is either heated or cooled by the temperature which occurs on the upper side of the exchanger. A blower is provided to force air through these channels. It is deemed desirable to provide a heat exchanger which will function to achieve both heating and cooling effects without the use of a blower.
The prior art is singularly lacking in a solar collector heat exchanger which is adapted not only to heat houses and other premises by solar heat, but which is also capable of either heating or cooling these premises by passing a film of liquid of a required temperature thereover. Now known heat exchangers of the type with which this invention is concerned are also not adapted for installation in the vertical walls of a building.
With the foregoing conditions in mind, the present invention has in view the following objectives:
1. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger which includes as a characteristic and esstenial element a heat exchanger unit which comprises an upper or outer flat metallic sheet, a grooved metallic sheet having apexes or bends attached to the inner or under face of the outer metallic sheet in a any way which insures thermal contact such as by welding, an intermediate flat metallic sheet welded to the apexes or bends of the grooved sheets, a second grooved metallic sheet the apexes or bends of which are welded to the other face of the intermediate metallic sheet, and a lower or inner flat metallic sheet welded to the second grooved metallic sheet. These flat and grooved sheets cooperate to define longitudinal channels. A manifold is provided at each end of these channels and each manifold has a duct extending therefrom.
2. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger of the type aforesaid, together with a pair of complemental covers which may be hinged, retractable, or removable, having inner reflective surfaces which are adapted to be opened into positions in which they leave the upper face of the exchanger completely unobstructed from the sun's rays but with one cover assuming a position in which it reflects sun rays onto the exchanger.
3. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the character aforesaid, in which the ducts extend into the premises to be heated with each duct being adapted to function as either an inlet or outlet together with a blower for forcing air under pressure through one of said ducts when it functions as an inlet.
4. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the kind described, which includes a heat sink for storing heat derived from solar rays and which is effective to release heat when solar rays are not present.
5. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the type noted, which includes means for introducing a film of liquid to the uppermost end of the outermost sheet of the exchanger together with means at the other end of this outermost sheet for collecting liquid that has passed thereover.
6. To provide, in a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger of the character aforesaid, a heat trap in the form of a transparent sheet that is positioned over and spaced from the heat exchanger unit.
7. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the kind described, which functions to either add heat to or absorb heat from premises in which it is installed by radiation alone.
8. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the type noted, which will heat or cool premises in which it is installed by either forced draft or gravity flow.
9. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the character aforesaid, which may be used to heat liquid that is recycled, stored, or used for any purpose desired.
10. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the kind described, which is adapted for installation on either the roof or a vertical wall of a building.
11. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the character aforesaid, which is susceptible of being manufactured in modules for addition to existing buildings or included in the original construction of a building.
12. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the kind described, which may be used to cool room air by nocturnal radiation (radiation to the night sky).
13. To provide a multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger, of the type noted, which may be used to heat liquid such as water.
Various other more detailed objects and advantages of the invention, such as arise in connection with carrying out the above ideas in a practical embodiment will in part become apparent, and in part, be hereinafter stated as the description of the invention proceeds.
The foregoing objects are achieved by providing a multipurpose solar collector-heat exchanger which includes as a characteristic and essential element a heat exchanger unit comprising a plurality of longitudinal channels defined by an uppermost or outer flat metallic sheet, the outer surface of which is blackened for heat absorption purposes, a metallic sheet having longitudinal grooves preferably formed by corrugations with bends of the grooves being attached to the underside of the outer flat metallic sheet, an intermediate sheet attached to the bends or apexes remote from those secured to the uppermost sheet, a second metallic sheet having longitudinal corrugations, bends of which are attached to the intermediate sheet and a bottom or lowermost metallic sheet attached to the corrugations of the second corrugated sheet.
These flat and corrugated sheets provide a multiple tier exchanger, in this instance, there being two tiers of channels. A manifold is provided at each end of the longitudinal channels. This manifold is preferably integral with the uppermost and lowermost flat sheets and includes a duct depending therefrom.
The heat exchanger unit is mounted in a frame comprising metallic side walls (having insulation on their outer surfaces) which extend above the outermost flat sheet and below the lowermost flat sheet. The frame also includes a bottom metallic wall which is mounted on a roof or wall of a building and which cooperates with the lowermost sheet of the heat exchanger unit and lower portion of the side walls to define a so called heat sink in the form of a chamber which contains heat absorbing materials. A plurality of ribs are formed integral with the lowermost sheet of the heat exchanger unit, depend therefrom, and extend into the heat absorbing materials.
A heat trap is supported above the uppermost sheet of the heat exchanger unit in spaced relation thereto. It is of transparent material with its side edges being supported by the side walls of the frame and additional intermediate supports on the uppermost sheet.
A pair of complemental covers are hingedly, retractably, or removably mounted on the upper edges of the side walls. The under surface of these covers are coated with a light-reflecting material. Apparatus is provided for moving these covers into positions in which the heat exchanger unit is always totally exposed to solar rays with one cover being in a position to reflect solar rays onto the heat exchanger unit. Such apparatus may include timing mechanism which causes the covers and reflecting portions to be in proper relation with respect to the earth's rotations. These covers may also be moved manually without the timing mechanism.
With the apparatus so far described mounted on a roof, which may have an angle of from 30� to 45� with respect to the horizontal, the duct from the upper end of the heat exchanger unit extends into a blower and thence into the premises the temperature of which is to be controlled. The duct from the other end also extends into these premises.
A perforated pipe extends from an appropriate source of liquid, which may be either hot or cold, across the upper end of the uppermost sheet of the heat exchanger unit. The liquid is literally jetted onto this sheet at its uppermost end to form a film which flows downwardly over the sheet to a trough at its lower end. A drain pipe communicates with this trough and extends to a desired point of disposal or back to the original source of the liquid for recycling. In some instances it may go to a receptacle for storing hot or cold liquid.
The apparatus may also be used for heating its own liquid instead of using a hot liquid from an outside source. In this case one of the covers is wide open and the other is positioned by hand or mechanical operation to reflect additional solar rays from its reflective surface onto the heat trap. Water or a similar liquid is introduced through the feed pipe at the upper end of the heat exchanger unit and flows down onto the blackened upper exchanger surface where it absorbs the heat imparted to this surface by the sun's rays. The heated liquid flows down and out through the drain pipe to a storage tank. From the storage tank the liquid is recycled through the feed pipe and the operation as described above is repeated. As the recycling is continued the liquid in the storage tank gradually heats up to a temperature approaching that of the solar collector surface. This stored liquid may than be used later or at night to heat the premises by means of the heat exchanger as previously described.
In a modified embodiment a blackened sheet is interposed between the upper surface of the heat exchanger unit and the heat trap to inhibit condensation of vapors emanating from the liquid flowing down the upper surface of the heat exchanger and prevent solar rays being reflected from this liquid.
When the apparatus is installed in the vertical wall of a building it will actually replace a portion of such a wall. In such an installation, the ducts from the manifold merely open onto the surface defining the inner side of the wall. The blower or fan is mounted in the uppermost duct.
For a full and more complete understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the following description and accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective illustrating a portion of a slanted roof with the multi-purpose solar collector-heat exchanger mounted thereon and depicting one position of the open covers.
FIG. 1a is a view which is largely diagrammatic, illustrating how the exchanger may be mounted on a flat roof.
FIG. 2 is a transverse vertical section taken about on the plane of the line 2--2 of FIG. 1 and broken away to permit of illustration on an enlarged scale.
FIG. 2a is a transverse vertical section similar to FIG. 2 of a modified embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section taken on the plane of the line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 3a is a longitudinal vertical section similar to FIG. 3 of the modified embodiment of FIG. 2a.
FIG. 4 is a detail on an enlarged scale of a modified form of the grooved sheets in which the grooves are defined by flat sided V's.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view depicting the flow of air when the blower is in operation.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the vertical wall installation, and
FIG. 6a is a detail showing the open portions of the covers for the installation of FIG. 6.
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters denote corresponding elements throughout the several views, and first more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 5, a building 10 includes an inclined or tilted roof section 11. This roof section 11 may be inclined at an angle ranging from 30� to 45� with respect to the horizontal. The multi-purpose solar collector heat exchanger of this invention is shown as mounted on roof section 11 and is identified in its entirety by the reference character 12. Exchanger 12 includes a frame comprising a bottom 13, side walls 14 and 15, and end walls 16 and 17. Walls 14, 15, 16, and 17 are covered on their outer exposed surface with insulation, all such insulation being designated 18. A cover 19 is hingedly mounted as indicated at 20 on the upper edge of said wall 14. Second cover 21 is hingedly mounted as indicated at 22 on the upper edge of side wall 15. Covers 19 and 21 complement one another to completely close off the open top of the frame when in closed position. The inner surface of each of these covers 19 and 21 is lined or coated with a reflecting material 23. This reflecting material may be a light colored paint, metal, mirror, or any other reflective substance.
Apparatus for controlling opening and closing of covers 19 and 21 is represented diagrammatically at 24. It will be understood that with the covers in the position depicted in FIG. 1, the open top of the frame will receive rays directly from the sun, in addition solar rays will reflect from the surface 23 onto the heat exchanger unit to be later described. The control 24 will include timing mechanism for swinging the covers in relation to the earth's rotation to secure delivery of the maximum amount of solar rays to and through the open top of the frame.
A heat trap 25 extends completely between side walls 14 and 15 and also completely between end walls 16 and 17. This heat trap may be made of any transparent or semi-transparent material such as glass, fiberglass, or any of the various number of plastics. It is supported in position by sealing strips 26 which may be plastic, wood, or metal. These sealing strips are applied to the side and end walls to support the heat trap 25 therefrom. Additional support may be provided by longitudinal strips 27 which depend from heat trap 25 and are supported by the heat exchanger unit now to be described.
The heat exchanger unit is referred to in its entirety by the reference character 28. It comprises a side metallic plate 29 secured to side wall 14 in any appropriate manner, another side plate 30 secured to side wall 15, a top flat sheet 31 and intermediate metallic sheet 32, a bottom flat sheet 33, an upper corrugated sheet 34 and lower corrugated sheet 35.
Corrugated sheets 34 and 35 constitute longitudinally grooved sheets. Upon referring to FIG. 4 it will be noted that another form of longitudinally grooved sheet is therein illustrated in which the grooves are defined by flat sided V's 36.
The upper surface of sheet 31 is blackened to impart heat absorbing properties thereto. Any conventional blacking material may be used. The upper bends of corrugated sheet 34 are secured to the lower face of sheet 31 in any desired manner that will insure a good thermal contact such as by welding or riveting. These welded bends are indicated at 37. The bends of corrugated sheet 34 remote from those at 37 are welded to intermediate sheet 32 as indicated at 38. In a similar manner, the bends of the corrugated sheet 35 are welded to the underside of intermediate sheet 32 and the upper side of lower sheet 33. Thus, the sheets 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35, define longitudinal channels 39.
It will be noted from FIG. 3 that upper sheet 31 extends the entire longitudinal length between end walls 16 and 17. Whereas sheets 32 and 33 are of a lesser longitudinal dimension. Thus, a manifold 40 is defined at the upper end of the heat exchanger unit by that portion of sheet 31 which extends beyond sheets 32 and 33, end wall 17 of the frame, bottom 13, and side walls 14 and 15 of the frame. Depending from this manifold 40 is a duct 41 which as illustrated in FIG. 5 communicates with an opening in bottom 13 substantially midway side walls 14 and 15 and passes through an opening in roof 11. Similarly a second manifold 42 is defined at the lower end of the heat exchanger unit by that portion of sheet 31 which projects beyond sheets 32 and 33, bottom 13, end wall 16, and side walls 14 and 15 of the frame.
Another duct 43 is formed integral with manifold 42 and communicates with an opening in bottom 13, midway side walls 14 and 15, and passes through an opening in roof 11.
As shown more clearly in FIGS. 1 and 3, a pipe 44 passes through side wall 15 and extends across the upper end of sheet 31. This pipe communicates with a source of liquid under pressure which may be either hot or cold depending on the function to be performed by the heat exchanger. Along the entire extent of this pipe which overlies sheet 31 it is perforated along its inner side to provide for the liquid being emitted from the pipe in the form of jets which are indicated at 45. These jets form a film across the upper end of sheet 31. The film of liquid flows downwardly into a trough 46 formed in sheet 31 at the end remote from pipe 44. A drain pipe 47 takes the liquid from trough 46 and either delivers it to any suitable disposal point or returns it to the source of liquid which supplies liquid to pipe 44 for recycling.
The apparatus may also be used for heating it's own liquid instead of using a hot liquid from an outside source. In this case one of the covers 19 or 21 is wide open and the other is positioned by hand or mechanical operation 24 to reflect additional sun rays from reflective surface 23 onto heat trap 25. Water or a similar liquid is introduced through pipe 44 and down over the blackened, upper exchanger surface 31 where it absorbs the heat imparted to surface 31 by the sun's rays. The heated liquid flows down and out through pipe 47 to a storage tank (not shown). From the storage tank the liquid is recycled through feed pipe 44 and the operation as described above is repeated. As the recycling is continued the liquid in the storage tank gradually heats up to a temperature approaching that of the solar collector surface 31. The stored hot liquid may then be used later or at night to heat the premises by means of the heat exchanger as previously described.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, a house 10 includes an attic 48 that is defined by a horizontal ceiling 49 of a room therebeneath. Blower 50 is supported by ceiling 49 and is connected to the lower end of duct 41. Blower 50 has an intake grill 51 which passes through an opening in ceiling 49. Duct 43 passes through another opening in ceiling 49 as illustrated in FIG. 5.
Referring now more particularly to FIG. 2, it will be noted that bottom wall 13, flat sheet 33, those portions of side walls 14 and 15 which extend below sheet 33, define a chamber 52 which constitutes a heat sink. It is given the capability of functioning as a heat sink because it is filled with a heat storage material represented at 53. This material may be water, sand, gravel, pebbles, or any other material or combination of materials which have the capacity to have heat stored therein. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of ribs 54 depend from metallic sheet 33 and extend into the chamber 52 to a point spaced slightly from bottom flat wall 13. These ribs 54 may be formed integral with sheet 33 or fused thereto as by welding or soldering.
The above described apparatus is susceptible of being operated under several conditions and to achieve various purposes. Let us first assume that the premises in house 10 beneath ceiling 49 are to be heated by solar rays. Assuming that the time of day is proper, cover 21 is swung into the horizontal position depicted in FIG. 1 and cover 19 assumes the erect position. Control mechanism 24 is started in operation so that the heat trap 25 is exposed to direct rays from the sun and also the rays reflected by the surface 23 onto the heat exchanger unit 28. These rays pass through heat trap 25 and serve to heat flat upper sheet 31 of the heat exchanger unit. This heat is transmitted through sheet 31, corrugated sheet 34, intermediate sheet 32, corrugated sheet 35, bottom sheet 33, and ribs 54 by conduction.
With blower 50 in operation, cool air from the premises below ceiling 49 will be drawn upwardly and forced through duct 41 and manifold 40. From the latter, the air is fed under pressure into the upper ends of channels 39. As the air travels downwardly through these channels it acquires heat from the surfaces which define the channels. It is then forced downwardly through manifold 42 and duct 43 into the room to be heated.
During the periods of normal operation as above described, heat is stored in the heat sink 52. Should clouds obscure the solar rays for brief intervals, heat will be released from the heat sink and heat the air which passes through the channels 39. Under some climatic conditions it may be possible to heat premises for an hour or two after sundown by heat from the heat sink.
For heating during nighttime and long periods of cloudy skies, which block the sun, hot liquid such as water from any appropriate source such as waste hot water, is introduced into pipe 44. It is emitted through perforations in this pipe as jets 45 which form a film of water across the upper end of sheet 31. As this heated film of water flows down sheet 31 heat therefrom is transmitted to the heat exchanger unit 28 to heat air passing through channels 39 in exactly the same manner above described.
During periods of more moderate temperatures, the premises may be heated without operating blower 50. In such cases, the flow of heated air is the reverse of that above described when blower 50 is being operated. Thus, heated air is drawn into the lower end of duct 43 by thermo-siphonic action and into the lower ends of channels 39. This air will be heated by solar rays and will rise upwardly in channels 39 sufficient to create a draft which will force heated air from the upper ends of channels 39 downwardly through duct 41.
The premises may also be cooled by introducing a liquid such as water at a desired temperature from an appropriate source such as a spring, stream, pond, lake or water cooled by evaporation, into pipe 44 and the operation is exactly the same as that above described when the premises are heated by introducing hot water into pipe 45 with one possible exception. When the premises are being heated the draft of air is forced downwardly against the tendency of heated air to rise. When the premises are being cooled, the draft is increased due to the gravity effect which is created by the tendency of cold air to fall or drop. When the air is being cooled covers 19 and 21 are closed to keep out the sun's rays. Also, storage sink 52 now stores cold instead of heat as previously described.
Considerable cooling may be obtained at night by the phenomenon known as nocturnal radiation wherein all warm bodies radiate heat to the night sky. In this case covers 19 and 21 are wide open so that the entire upper surface of the exchanger is exposed to the sky. Blower 50 is turned on and the room air circulates through the exchanger causing the upper surface 31 to become as warm as the room air. This heat is then dissipated to the night sky by radiation. Cooling by night radiation may be increased if the transparent heat trap 25 is constructed so that it may be removed at night.
Referring to FIG. 1a a building 55 has a flat roof 9, the heat exchanger 12 is mounted on roof 9 by ducts 41 and 43 which are substantially the same as described above in connection with FIG. 5 with the exception that they do not pass through any openings in roof section 11. The exchanger 12 is supported from roof 9 by suitable framing rather than from roof section 11.
The apparatus as installed in a vertical wall is illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 6a. This apparatus includes most of the elements of the roof installation and such elements have been designated by corresponding reference characters. Thus the heat exchanger unit includes outer flat metallic sheet 31, intermediate sheet 32, and inner metallic sheet 33 with corrugated sheets interposed therebetween to define the longitudinal or vertical channels 39. The upper ends of these channels open onto an upper manifold 56 which is substantially the same as manifold 40 of FIG. 3 but with the notable exception that it terminates at wall surface 57 and has a fan 58 mounted therein. Lower manifold 59 communicates with the lower ends of channels 39 and it also terminates at wall surface 57. Heat sink 52 is formed between inner sheet 33 and the wall member which presents surface 57. This wall member corresponds to bottom wall 13 of the frame in FIG. 2.
The operation of the wall installation is believed to be obvious from the above description of the operation of the roof installation. It is noted that the covers 19 and 21 are opened but are shown in a reversed position from that depicted in FIG. 1. Solar rays are directed onto heat trap 25 both directly and by reflection. With fan 58 in operation cold air is drawn into manifold 59 and passes upwardly through channels 39 by which it is heated and is discharged by manifold 56 at the top. The premises may be heated by introducing hot water from any source into pipe 44 which presents a film of water which passes downwardly over the outerface of sheet 31. The premises may also be cooled by introducing cold water from any source into pipe 44. In such cases the fan 58 will overcome the tendency of cold air to move downwardly.
The wall type installation has some advantages over the roof installation. One distinct and important advantage is that the inside surface 57 becomes in effect a radiator when the unit is being used for heating. The materials in the heat sink 53 become warm and impart their heat to surface 57 which in turn radiates its heat to the room, its occupants and contents. Thus, two forms of heating are taking place simultaneously, namely, radiant heat and convected heat of the room air circulating through the exchanger. The radiant heat from surface 57 will continue several hours after the blower has been turned off or the sun isn't shining.
When the wall installation is being used for cooling the heat sink materials 53 store cold and then the reverse process of heating takes place, that is, the room, walls, contents, and occupants radiate their heat to the cold surface 57 where it is absorbed and dissipated through the exchanger to the cold fluid passing over surface 31.
A further advantage of the wall unit is that because of its vertical position a chimney effect in channels 39 causes the air to flow upwardly by gravity more rapidly than in the roof installation. This greater volume of air makes it possible to accomplish more heating without using the fan, and in milder weather is sufficient to heat the premises without any power at all.
Still a third advantage of the wall unit is that its location makes it conveniently accessible. Thus, the covers 19 and 21 may be opened or closed by hand or adjusted to reflect the maximum sun rays onto the exchanger.
Referring now to FIGS. 2a and 3a, a modified embodiment of the heat exchanger unit will be described. It will be noted from FIGS. 2 and 3 that water from pipe 44 flows downwardly over the upper surface of sheet 31. It is thus heated which results in vapors emanating from the water and these vapors tend to condense on the undersurface of heat trap 25. This condensation impairs the transparency of heat trap 25. Moreover, some portion of the solar rays passing through heat trap 25 are reflected by the water on sheet 31 and are, therefore lost, so far as heating is concerned.
To avoid these undesirable factors, a blackened sheet 31a is interposed between heat trap 25 and sheet 31. It is supported from sheet 31 by longitudinal ribs 60. Feed pipe 44 is now positioned over sheet 31 and below condensation and reflection preventing sheet 31a. The remaining elements are the same as those illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 and have the same reference characters.
While preferred specific embodiments of the invention are herein disclosed it is to be clearly understood that the invention is not limited to the exact construction, mechanisms, and devices illustrated and described because various modifications of these details may be provided in putting the invention into practice.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Kevorkian Essay Essay Research Paper Jack Kevorkian
Kevorkian Essay Essay, Research Paper
Jack Kevorkian is one of America's most controversial people. Since 1989 he has aided in the death of over one hundred people, some as young as twenty-one. Kevorkian has used three methods for assisting in the suicides of his "patients". His original death machine was "execution by lethal injection, except you do it yourself." This death machine was simply a metal pole with bottles containing drug solutions. A needle was inserted into the arm of the "patient" and the flow of saline started. A switch would need to be hit in order to start the death process. First, a solution of sedatives began, followed by a paralyzing drug. Then potassium chloride would stop the heart, causing death. Kevorkian's second machine was very similar to the first one, but it had fewer moving parts and did not include the paralyzing drug. Kevorkian's third machine was very different from the previous two. It consisted of a mask to be placed over the face which was connected by tubing to a canister of carbon monoxide gas. This new machine would cause death from carbon monoxide poisoning. By using these three contraptions, Kevorkian assisted in the deaths of over one-hundred people by delivering a controlled substance to them and should be held criminally accountable for his actions. Kevorkian has entered himself into medical fields in which he has no training or familiarity with, has helped people with no terminal illness commit suicide along with many others who would not be seen as competent enough to make appropriate decisions. Many of Kevorkian's "patients" could have lived for many more enjoyable years.
Most doctors are heavily trained before they can practice medicine in a specific area, but Dr. Kevorkian has no credentials whatsoever which would qualify him to deal with depressed or dying people. When asked about his medical career, Kevorkian once said: "Well, it's never been going well. I had an erratic practice…I had so many controversial topics on my resume, that people were just frightened to death of me. And it was hopeless to get a position." With the exception of his residency and his military service in the 1950s, he had had no clinical experience with live patients prior to his assisted suicides. Most of his professional experience has been in the field of pathology (dealing with dead bodies and body parts). In addition, he has no training or expertise in diagnosing or treating depression, and has no experience in the fields of internal medicine, geriatrics, psychiatry and neurology. He has said that the decision about who is worthy to use his death machine is based on his medical expertise , but he has admitted that he is not qualified to practice medicine, even as a general practitioner. In addition to not having the credentials to practice medicine on the depressed or terminally ill, Kevorkian does not even have a license to practice medicine at all. In 1991 his Michigan license was suspended and in 1993 his California license was also suspended. According to the California Attorney General's office, Kevorkian is "fundamentally unfit to practice medicine."
One main fallacy of those who support Kevorkian is the belief that his main goal is to stop the pain that his "patients" are experiencing. The media has often portrayed Kevorkian as a doctor just trying to help those with terminal illnesses. But the fact is that is that helping the terminally ill is not Kevorkian's primary objective. He has specifically stated that the alleviation of pain and suffering is only a "minor benefit" in his overall scheme of things. His ultimate goal is not to help the "doomed" person, and has described this "minor benefit" as only the first step which will lead to his goal. Kevorkian's major goal is the establishment of deadly human experimentation. Kevorkian has even drawn up extensive plans for these death centers and has divided the state of Michigan state into eleven killing zones. In each of these killing zones he wants to establish death houses run by "untouchables" where even someone as young as eighteen could go to commit suicide. Under his guidance he believes that the "untouchables" would be "incorruptible." He has proposed an "auction market for available organs" taken from those who submit themselves to these death centers. It is clearly evident that the motives behind Kevorkian's "mercy killings" are not only to alleviate the pain and suffering of his "patients", but rather to begin extensive experimentation on humans, an act which has unquestionably been deemed unethical.
Kevorkian does not limit his services to the terminally ill who are not depressed. In most proposals to legalize euthanasia and assisted suicide "terminally ill" is defined as meaning a life expectancy of six months or less. Yet the majority of Jack Kevorkian's "patients" did not fall within this meaning of "terminally ill." In response to this Kevorkian has defined terminal illness as "any disease that curtails life even for a day." He adds that, if a person is depressed over illness or disability, the depression becomes irrelevant. Published reports and court records clearly show that the majority of Kevorkian's "patients" did not fall within the generally accepted definition of "terminally ill" (life expectancy of six months or less). Some reportedly could have lived for many more months or even for many years. In many of his "patients" other factors may have contributed to their decisions to die. For example: Elaine Goldbaum had financial problems and feared losing her house ; Jonathon Grenz was said to be depressed and overwhelmed with grief following his mother's death.
Many of Kevorkian's "patients" had options other than death. Janet Adkins, who died on July 4, 1990 at the age of 54 from a lethal dose of drugs, had many other options other than death. She was only in the early stages of Alzheimer's, and her own doctor said she had at least ten years of productive life ahead of her. Janet did not want to be a burden on her family, and thought that her death would be a gift to her family. Marjorie Wantz, who died on October 23, 1991 of a lethal dose of drugs, also had many options other than death. Marjorie suffered from pain in her pelvic area. Although doctors believed the pain was manageable, she did not follow their recommendations. Also, Marjorie was taking large doses of Halicon (a medication which impairs judgement) in the months preceding her death, which greatly inhibited her ability to make correct decisions. Sherry Miller is another one of Kevorkian's "patients" who had options other than death. Sherry died on October 23, 1993 of carbon monoxide poisoning. Sherry was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and could have lived for many more enjoyable years, but, like Janet Adkins, felt that she was becoming a burden on the people that she loved. Sherry also had been suffering from depression, but refused to take her prescribed medication.
Kevorkian and his attorneys have attempted to label his opponents as "religious nuts" and "Nazis." They have stated that the Medical Board of California is "a religious cult," and that the Michigan legislature is controlled by "a right-wing fanatic religious minority." They have also stated that if the people were given the chance to vote they would show great support for assisted suicide and euthanasia. But since Kevorkian's started his assisted suicides, voters in Washington and California have defeated propositions that would have legalized Kevorkian's activities. Major newspapers including the Los Angeles Times and the San Francisco Chronicle opposed the measure being voted on in California. Organizations such as the California State Hospice Association and California Commission on Aging also opposed the measure. These newspapers and organizations could not be described as religious publications or groups in any way.
Kevorkian is attempting to use the public to influence the courts and legislatures into accepting assisted suicide and euthanasia. He recently video-taped the death of 52-year-old Thomas Youk so that it could be aired nationally on the CBS news show 60 Minutes. In his interview with Mike Wallace Kevorkian challenged the Michigan prosecutors to take him to court saying that "They must charge me…if not, they show that they cannot convict me in a court of law." Michigan's prosecutors took his challenge and charged him with first degree murder, assisted suicide, and delivery of a controlled substance. Although they had dropped the assisted suicide charge, the prosecutors came away with a verdict of second-degree murder and delivery of a controlled substance.
1 "Doctor Invents 'Self-Execution' Machine," San Francisco Chronicle, 10/28/89
2 "A Vital Woman Chooses Death," People Magazine, 6/25/90,p.43
3 "New Kevorkian 'death machine,'" Medical Tribune, 4/4/91
4 Medical Tribune, 4/4/91
5 "Kevorkian watches as 2 women kill themselves with suicide machines," Detroit News, 10/24/91
6 Jack Kevorkian, Speech given to the National Press Club, Washington, D.C., October 27,1992
7 Michigan v Kevorkian, Plaintiff's Brief, 4/22/92,p.31
8 Ibid.
9 First Supplemental Accusation Against Jack Kevorkian before the Medical Board of California, 12/28/93, p.29
10 Testimony of Jack Kevorkian, M.D., Michigan v. Kevorkian, Oakland County (MI) Circuit Court, 6/8/90, p.40
11 First Supplemental Accusation Against Jack Kevorkian before the Medical Board of California, 12/28/93, pp. 11-12
12 "California Suspends Kevorkian's License," Los Angeles Times, 4/28/93, p.A3
13 California Medical Board, Complainants Brief, 12/28/93, p. 19
14 "Medicide: The Goodness of Planned Death–An Interview with Dr. Jack Kevorkian," Free Inquiry, Fall l991, p. 15
15 Kevorkian, Prescription: Medicide, p. 214
16 Ibid.
17 J. Kevorkian, "A Fail-Safe Model for Justifiable Medically-Assisted Suicide," American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 1992, pp. 11 & 28
18 Gilbert, Ohio Northern University Law Review (1994), p. 674
19 Testimony of Jack Kevorkian, M.D., Michigan v. Kevorkian, Oakland County (MI) Circuit Court, 6/8/90, pp.11-12
20 J. Kevorkian, "A Controlled Auction Market Is a Practical Solution to the Shortage of Transplantable Organs," Medicine and Law, 1992, p. 49.
21 Ibid., p. 51.
22 Washington Initiative 119; California Proposition 161; Oregon "Death with Dignity Act";
23 "'Dr. Death': No law is needed on euthanasia," USA Today, October 28, 1992, p. 6A.
24 Testimony of Jack Kevorkian, M.D., Michigan v. Kevorkian, Oakland County (MI) Circuit Court, 6/8/90, pp.43-44
25 "Kevorkian assists in 12th suicide," Detroit News, 2/9/93
26 "Kevorkian: Death must be an option," USA Today, 2/22/94, p.2A.
27 "Profession condemns doctor," Detroit Free Press, 6/7/90, p. 14A
28 "A Vital Woman Chooses Death," People Magazine, 6/25/90, p. 42
29 "Kevorkian suicide patient was on Halcion," Detroit News, 11/3/91
30 "Kevorkian suicide patient was on Halcion," Detroit News, 11/3/91
31 California Medical Board, Complainant's Brief, 12/28/93, p. 67
32 "Defiant Kevorkian vows to break Michigan law," Vindicator (Youngstown, OH), 2/21/93, p. A13
33 "Kevorkian Assists Another," Detroit Free Press, 2/16/93.
34 "California Suspends Kevorkian's License," Los Angeles Times, 4/28/93
35 "Kevorkian helps 12th patient end life," Detroit Free Press, 2/9/93
36 "Suicide may be murder," Detroit Free Press, 2/6/93
37 Washington voters defeated Initiative 119 in 1991, Californians turned down Proposition 161 in 1992
38 "Physician-Assisted Death: Is This Measure the Answer?" Los Angeles Times, 10/14/92 and "The Chronicle Recommends," San Francisco Chronicle, 10/29/92
39 "NO on 161″ campaign material from both organizations
40 "Death by Doctor," 60 Minutes, 11/22/98
41 Ibid.
42 Detroit Free Press, 11/26/98
43 NY Times, 3/27/99
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ModelSpace is one of the leading and most trusted worldwide official scale modelling retailers with over 30 collections available across 15 countries & in 5 languages. With a strong experience in the partwork industry, we have been at the forefront of the industry since 2009. We are proud to develop and stock high-quality products from top brands such as Harley-Davidson, Lamborghini, Kyosho for the RB7, Artesania Latina for the HMS Surprise or OcCre for the Spitfire. More than 100,000 customers worldwide have enjoyed our products.
1. A unique range of high-quality models The quality of our products is our priority to give you the best model-building experience. We work with major established reputable brands such as Harley-Davidson, Lamborghini, Kyosho such for the RB7, Artesania Latina for the HMS Surprise or OcCre for the Spitfire. Choose your scale model from our large selection: ships, cars, trains or unique models! It is your choice from 1:8 Model Cars to 1:84 Wooden Model Ships and a lot more! 2. Pay-As-You-Build or in one go! ModelSpace offers you a unique way to buy scale models by offering you several ways to purchase the collection you want to build through our Pay-As-You-Build option! Every month you will receive all parts, instructions and plans to complete a specific stage of the build. Free Delivery: Every month, we will deliver directly to your door your next pack, with all your parts, free of charge. No shipping fees, no handling fees, every pack is delivered free of charge. Check our delivery information: here. You want to build it in one go? No problem, on few models like model ships and more to come soon on the model we give you the option to order a complete kit and receive all your parts and build guides in one shipment. 3. Professional and expert advice from a great team We're proud to have knowledgeable and helpful staff on board who can offer expert advice and tailor the best products for your scale modelling experience. We encourage hands-on research at ModelSpace, if you've got a query, chances are our crew have come across it first hand and haved shared it on the forum! 4. A community of like-minded modellers! We offer a unique build experience with guidance from start to finish, both online and in step-by-step instructions, with expertise shared in our community. 5. No contract, cancel at anytime There is no contract, you are free to cancel, you just need to give us 28 days notice and we will cancel your subscription.
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Volunteer Work Party: Phyllis Currie N R
27 April 2017 - 9:30am - 2:30pm
This event has already passed.
This event is also being run on the following day(s):
Event details
27 April 2017 - 9:30am - 2:30pm
Work parties take place on alternate Thursdays at Phyllis Currie Reserve in Great Leighs. Volunteers meet in the car park on Dumney Lane at 9.30am. All equipment is provided but you would need to bring a packed lunch. For more information please contact the warden Sylvia Jiggins on 01376 324311. You would be made very welcome.
Venue: Phyllis Currie Nature Reserve, Dumney Lane, Great Leighs, Essex
Contact the warden: Sylvia Jiggins on 01376 324311
Venue location
Meet at 9.30 am in the car park at the end of Dumney Lane,
Phyllis Currie Nature Reserve, Dumney Lane,Great Leighs,


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Just What Your Countertop Needs… another appliance!
Growing at home but don't know what to do with all that extra trim? Don't just bake bad batch bud brownies with it, concentrate it in your kitchen! Looking like just another kitchen counter-top blender (because you don't have enough random cooking gear you barely use on your counter top already…) The Source is a safe, clean, kitchen-safe appliance that uses vacuum and gentle warming to extract and concentrate essential oils. Like everything these days, there's an app for that.
Throughout the process, most of the alcohol is recovered and can be reused (but maybe not so much to drink unless you like alcohol bongwater). And because it's fully enclosed, there's little to no odor involved in the process (so your nosy neighbors won't know how cool a cannabis concentrate kingpin you are).
Fun for the happy high homemaker.


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Our staff of passionate journalists strives every day to bring you unbiased, neutral information about your community and your world.
We work for you. And we will act accordingly.
Eamon Convey
Sports Editor/Reporter
Tom Joyce
Spark Sports Contributor
Bayleigh Westerlund
Caitlin Meehan
Art and Theater Critic
Emily J. Reynolds
Executive Editor


text: Yeah, I know this forum is S.A....sigh!...I'm going to need rehab if we don't find a house! House #9 the saga continues. husband and I went out of town to a baseball game Wednesday. That is the first time we have gone out of town alone in close to a year. My cell rings and it is easy child/difficult child. He found a house on the internet that looks great. He calls our family friend Realtor (who is about my age, by the way) and is told that the house is not on the market. easy child/difficult child believes the man is wrong and so he calls the listing Realtor who says "would you like to meet me there at 4:30?" My cell rings and it is easy child/difficult child "Mama what am I suppose to do? I know I'm suppose to deal with X but he said it's not for sale and it is for sale." Yikes! Here's a recap. He sees the house and there are three other people looking at the same time with separate Realtors. He loves it. It is listed at $42,000 AND has a pool etc. etc. My head says DETACH DDD! I tell him he is smart and if he thinks it is wise GO FOR IT! Phew/Whew! He submits an offer of $43,500 via the new Realtor. Seller (bank) has til Monday at 5 to respond. READY??? Naw...you'll never guess this one, lol. On the computer this morning the house is shown as reduced to $39,000. OMG! Just when I think I've seen and heard it all around here they reduce a 3/2 2cg, fenced yard home in apparent primo condition with a clean functioning swimming pool?????? Even the Serenity Prayer isn't helping my blood pressure. I'll update you Monday. Crazy. DDD


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|Professional Automotive Repair Technical Discussions for September 2, 2005
International Automotive Technicians' Network (iATN) - Members Only
|(Also Available: All, Asian, Chrysler, European, Ford, GM.)
|Vehicle Owners: If you are seeking an automotive repair professional to service your vehicle, visit the iATN Repair Shop Finder.
Open Help Requests for Asian
|Help Request
|1995 Acura Integra RS 1.8L Fuel gauge VIN: JH4DB7548S
hello i gto this integra here. the kid had one of the white faced gauges installed in his car. and he had problems with them so he removed them.. now the problem is the fuel gauge reads in accurate. when filled right up it needle reads past the fuell mark and ...
|2000 Honda Accord LX 2.3L No Start, Stall VIN: 1HGCG6655Y
customer said he would drive acouple of blocks and car would die wait a while and it would restart had it towed in it started for us got across the street just made it in the shop and died would never have got it to restart at first we had no spark fuel pressu...
|1996 Infiniti I30 3.0L readiness monitors VIN: JNKC121D5T
Hi, thanks for reading my post. I have this 1996 infinity I30 that will not pass obd11 state inspection. It has three rediness monitors that will not complete. O2 , EGR, and evap. The customer has already gone to the dealer for this problem. The dealer sold th...
|2001 Kia Rio 1.5L No Start VIN: KNADC12321
hi guys ¡¡ i apreciate somebody help' me to find the wiring diagram for this rio, we dont have any info in my country. please let me know as soon as possible
|1993 Lexus LS400 4.0L No Start, Cuts out, Stall VIN: JT8UF11EXP
i have had the car for two weeks for this problem. finally i was going to town & it shut down.after a few minutes it started up but wouldn't stay running. i had to press the gas to keep it running. to take my foot off the gas,i had to put it in gear. then you ...
|1997 Mitsubishi Galant ES 2.4L MIL Lamp on, VIN: 4A3AJ56G4V
light came back on 2 weeks later same code, so cleared light , put som techron in it ,and beat the snot out of it, extended high speed , w/full throttle load shifts, car runs like wild deer, this is a low miles vehic driven by old lady, cats are coo coo money,... Trouble codes: P0421
|1997 Nissan Quest GXE 3.0L detonation badly VIN: 4N2DN1110V
intermittant detonation resulting in no power knock sensor retarding timing checked & troubleshot code as per mitchell everthing checks out has anyone else had this problem? Trouble codes: P0325 (knock sensor)
|1998 Nissan Pathfinder LE 3.3L No Start VIN: JN8AR07Y6X
hi techs this pathfinder will not start has spark and injector pulse for one second and then computer turns injectors off. the security light does not come on with key on or off or cranking tested wiring at the smart entrance control unit and all test good 3 f...
|1998 Nissan Sentra 1.6L MIL Lamp on VIN: IN4AB41D9W
the gas tank will not take gas.i found no restriction from the vent valve and canister to the atmosphere.but,from what i have read from past iatn posts,when gas goes in,the gas tank vents the fumes through the canister and vent valve.i can take the half inch i... Trouble codes: P1446 (evap presure sensor problem)
|2005 Subaru Impreza WRX STI 2.5L Gauge VIN: JF1GD706X5
Hey Subaru guys I need some help with this one. I recently removed the engine and transmission from this wrx for a body shop to repair the frame. After repairs completed and motor re-installed customer states that one of the gauges doesn't work. In the center ...
|1996 Toyota 4Runner Limited 3.4L Excessive Emissions VIN: JT3HN87R8T
Note: This truck does not have EGR or Air Injection. Truck came in for a California Smog inspection, passed HC and CO with flyings colors, but failed NOX at 15/50 only. We replaced catalytic converter and plugs and wires, pcv valve, fuel filter. Cleaned MAF s...
|2000 Toyota Celica GT 1.8L passenger electric window VIN: JTDDR32T1Y
Car came in with passenger window inop. The drivers side works fine.Pulled wiring diagram from ALLDATA, check power to switch at terminals 2,11,12 Good. Test wiring to window, by unplugging switch and applying power and ground to window wires. Window operates ...
Fixes & Summaries for Asian
|2001 Honda CR-V SE 2.0L Cylinder Head VIN: JHLRD18781
Of course, the problem wasn't what was wrong with this CR-V's engine, but rather what (if anything) was Honda going to do about it. Several replies indicated that there WAS warranty coverage for this problem, but that was never confirmed: BECAUSE as it turned ...
|1996 Mazda B4000 SE 4.0L MIL Lamp on VIN: 4F4DR17X9T
test drove vehicle for an extended time and all systems run and passed. returned vehicle to customer and all is well. thanks to all who replied. sorry for the delay,wanted to make sure this vehicle was correct. Trouble codes: P0402, P1116, P1000.
|1994 Mitsubishi Galant ES 2.4L o.d. VIN: 4A3AJ56G3R
We did some other checks, made sure trans cooler was OK as some mentioned, and it flowed good, told owner the unit needs to come back out, he has not given us a answer yet. We will update with what we find if the owner wants to do work. Thanks for your help.
|1987 Nissan D21 2.4L Poor Idle Quality, Hesitation, Cuts out VIN: JN6ND11SXH
Wow, what a butt kicker this was. Hopefully I learned a few things from it. After checking the injectors per one suggestion, I felt for sure it was the ecm. I ordered one, put it in and had the same symptoms. So I decided to go a little deeper into the injec...
|2002 Subaru Impreza WRX 2.0L Misfire, MIL Lamp on VIN: JF1GD29622
well, i really, REALLY hate to close this one without a concrete answer, but the customer has decided that he's trading the vehicle in as is. coils are apparently a common problem on these - i tested the coils per Subaru's procedures and found no problem. no c... Trouble codes: P0420 (catalyst efficiency bank one), P0301 (misfire cylinder 1), P0303 (misfire cylinder 3), P0304 (misfire cylinder 4).
|1993 Suzuki Sidekick JLX 1.6L No Start VIN: JS3TD02VXP
First, Thank You to those who replied. I first removed the ECM and opened it up to see if the ground problem at pin A10 could be found. I found that the circuit board strip was rusted or burnt, couldn't realy tell, at the pin A10 area. New/reman unit was over ...


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|The First Five
Saturday, 9 p.m.
No. 1 North Carolina (28-2) at No. 6 Duke (26-3)
I never thought I'd be talking up North Carolina in March because of Quentin Thomas, but that's the kind of month it has been for the Tar Heels. The ankle injury that sidelined starting point guard Tywon Lawson for seven games is a classic example of how a team can benefit from a setback. In the games that Lawson missed, Thomas -- who as the third-string point guard was pressed into action because the original backup, Bobby Frasor, tore an ACL in December -- had 48 assists and 26 turnovers. He is still an adequate point guard at best, but he is infinitely better than he would have been had Lawson remained healthy. Freshman forward Will Graves also got more minutes in Lawson's absence, while the remaining players all had to player harder and smarter. Lawson, meanwhile, has two games under his belt and can go into the NCAA tournament with fresh legs. North Carolina will need to play tougher defense than it did during its first meeting with Duke, when the Blue Devils shot 13 for 29 from three-point range and won by 11. But the bottom line is Lawson did not play in that game, and that was the only game the Heels lost in his absence. The team Lawson has returned to is better than the one he left.
North Carolina 80, Duke 76
Saturday, 4 p.m.
No. 5 Kansas (27-3) at Texas A&M (22-8)I don't know that there's a harder team to figure out in the country than Texas A&M. Here's a team that scored 98 points in a win over Texas Tech, then followed that by scoring 37 in a loss at Oklahoma. The Aggies notched an impressive win at Baylor Wednesday night, but the inconsistency, which results mostly from inadequate guard play, is a troubling sign moving forward. Meanwhile, Kansas seems to have escaped the February doldrums. Since losing two out of three (including an embarrassing one at Oklahoma State), the Jayhawks have won three straight by an average of 27.7 points. For a team that is often lacking in leadership, it's a great sign that Sherron Collins, the feisty sophomore point guard from Chicago, appears to have finally put his injuries behind him. He played his best game of the season last Saturday in the win over Kansas State, when he had 18 points on 7 for 12 shooting.
Kansas 77, Texas A&M 65
Saturday, 12 p.m.
No. 12 Louisville (24-6) at No. 11 Georgetown (24-4)
It is only fitting that the Big East regular season championship should be decided in a game played by its top two teams. After watching the Hoyas win ugly but often the last six weeks, I'm anxious to find out just how good they really are. Is this a team that, to its credit, has made winning a habit? Or is it ready to face its comeuppance when the going gets tough? Georgetown was extremely lucky to win at Marquette in overtime last Saturday; the Eagles, a 71 percent free throw shooting team, inexplicably made just 22 of 36 from the line. Louisville, on the other hand, has been red hot of late, winning nine in a row and 11 of its last 12. Senior center David Padgett is the Cardinals' leading scorer (11.7 ppg), but he has also become one of the best passing big men in the country. And junior swingman Terrence Williams has finally learned how to play consistently. These are two very good teams, but Georgetown doesn't like fullcourt pressure or zone defenses, and Louisville plays both.
Louisville 74, Georgetown 69
Saturday, 2 p.m.
No. 7 Stanford (24-5) at USC (19-10)
This is a tough call because it's hard to predict how Stanford will react from Thursday's heartbreaking overtime loss to UCLA. Will the Cardinal suffer an emotional letdown now that the Pac-10 title has eluded them? Or will they show enough pride to avoid back-to-back losses? If it's the former, Stanford will lose this one, because this team is ultimately dependent on how it defends. In its 52-46 win over USC on Jan. 5, Stanford's Fred Washington did an excellent job shutting down O.J. Mayo, who needed 19 shots to score 14 points. Mayo, however, is much-improved since then, and the Trojans will have a significant athletic advantage over the Cardinal in this game. In the end, I'll go with Stanford because it has been the better team throughout the season, but this game will tell us a lot about whether the Cardinal has Final Four mettle.
Stanford 71, USC 68
Sunday, 12 p.m.
No. 17 Michigan State (24-6) at No. 11 Ohio State (18-12)
The road team has locked up an NCAA bid, but since it can't win the conference title it has nothing of value on the line. The home team's at-large hopes will probably be extinguished with a loss. Throw in the fact that it's Senior Day in Columbus, and this pick is a no-brainer. Ohio State literally saved its season Tuesday night by beating Purdue in overtime to snap a four-game losing streak. Buckeyes senior point guard Jamar Butler was brilliant in the win, scoring 23 of his 25 points after halftime, and he'll need to provide some more of that kind of clutch shooting against the Spartans. Meanwhile, Michigan State got some pop while thrashing Indiana last Sunday, but this is still a low-wattage offensive team. Ohio State needs more juice out of its bench than it has been getting (wherefore art thou, Jon Diebler?), but given what's at stake, I think it'll have enough grit to pull out a win and put ifself back in the tournament.
Ohio State 69, Michigan State 66
|The Second Five


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Time has taken its toll on the playground at Vivian B. Adams School. Weather and the unrelenting sunshine has caused our swing sets to become tired and faded, our merry-go-rounds to longer go around and without shade our equipment has fallen into not only into disrepair but into disuse.
Our first step toward renovating and refurbishing our playground was made when the Vivian B. Adams School Board agreed to name this space the "Jay Adams Memorial Courtyard". Transforming the former playground into a courtyard will make the space more inclusive and user friendly for our adult population.
Jay Adams was a long time student at VBAS; our school's beginnings were due in part to his great-grandmother's concern and Jay's parents, Joe and Dot Adams served on our board.
The name change is just the beginning. Using a master playground plan we have tweaked the design to incorporate social areas for our adults. The Carroll High School Key Club made our first updates, using a $900.00 grant from The Youth Opportunity Fund from Key Club International. Several Key Club members donated a Saturday morning to paint existing play equipment and begin the process of weeding and replanting window boxes on the courtyard side of our school buildings. This group continued the upgrades by adding plastic sleeves to cover the swing chains, building a sandbox, and installing a handicapped swing purchased with their grant money.
Our greatest need is to add shade cloth to cover and shade our play equipment and our play pad. We have seeking the $16,000 needed for this project. We are also requesting grant funds for trees from Alabama Power's Good Roots Grant Program. Enterprise Rotary Club awarded Adams School a grant to purchase and install two porch type swings. Over $4,000 was collected by the Enterprise High School Interact during their "Stuff the Bus" event , this money will be used for our courtyard transformation. Zaxby's in Enterprise collected over $600.00 for our courtyard project.
In order to create our courtyard we plan to add porch type swings, benches with backs and arms, a picnic table and a half-court basketball court. Completing the project will be the addition of wide wheelchair friendly sidewalks, landscaping, bird feeders and fencing. The estimated cost of the Jay Adams Memorial Courtyard is $30,000. You can help us make this transformation. We need money, time, and labor!!
Your first chance to help will be Tuesday, April 26th from 5:00 until 8:00 pm at Zaxbys in Ozark. 10% of all sales during that time will be donated to the Adams School Courtyard Project.
Watch for more unique ways you can help as we use a variety of creative ways to raise our funds!