text:
|20. Apr. 2010
|24. Apr. 2006
|28. Mai 1999
|Auch ver�ffentlicht unter
|Ted Meisel, Peter Savich, Thomas A. Soulanille
|Urspr�nglich Bevollm�chtigter
|Yahoo! Inc
|Zitat exportieren
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patentzitate (47), Nichtpatentzitate (15), Referenziert von (8), Klassifizierungen (26), Juristische Ereignisse (6)
|Externe Links: USPTO, USPTO-Zuordnung, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/061,388 filed Feb. 1, 2002, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,035,812 on Apr. 25, 2006, which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 09/918,241, filed Jul. 30, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,983,272, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/322,677, filed May 28, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,269,361, all of which applications are incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference.
The transfer of information over computer networks has become an increasingly important means by which institutions, corporations, and individuals do business. Computer networks have grown over the years from independent and isolated entities established to serve the needs of a single group into vast internets which interconnect disparate physical networks and allow them to function as a coordinated system. Currently, the largest computer network in existence is the Internet. The Internet is a worldwide interconnection of computer networks that communicate using a common protocol. Millions of computers, from low end personal computers to high end super computers, are connected to the Internet.
The Internet has emerged as a large community of electronically connected users located around the world who readily and regularly exchange significant amounts of information. The Internet continues to serve its original purposes of providing for access to and exchange of information among government agencies, laboratories, and universities for research and education. In addition, the Internet has evolved to serve a variety of interests and forums that extend beyond its original goals. In particular, the Internet is rapidly transforming into a global electronic marketplace of goods and services as well as of ideas and information.
This transformation of the Internet into a global marketplace was driven in large part by the introduction of an information system known as the World Wide Web ("the web"). The web is a unique distributed database designed to give wide access to a large universe of documents. The database records of the web are in the form of documents known as "pages". These pages reside on web servers and are accessible via the Internet. The web is therefore a vast database of information dispersed across countless individual computer systems that is constantly changing and has no recognizable organization or morphology. Computers connected to the Internet may access the web pages via a program known as a browser, which has a powerful, simple-to-learn graphical user interface. One powerful technique supported by the web browser is known as hyperlinking, which permits web page authors to create links to other web pages which users can then retrieve by using simple point-and-click commands on the web browser.
The pages may be constructed in any one of a variety of formatting conventions, such as Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), and may include multimedia information content such as graphics, audio, and moving pictures. Any person with a computer and a connection to the Internet may access any publicly accessible page posted on the web. Thus, a presence on the World Wide Web has the capability to introduce a worldwide base of consumers to businesses, individuals, and institutions seeking to advertise their products and services to potential customers. Furthermore, the ever increasing sophistication in the design of web pages, made possible by the exponential increase in data transmission rates and computer processing speeds, makes the web an increasingly attractive medium for advertising and other business purposes, as well as for the free flow of information.
The availability of powerful new tools that facilitate the development and distribution of Internet content has led to a proliferation of information, products, and services offered on the Internet and dramatic growth in the number of consumers using the Internet. International Data Corporation, commonly referred to as IDC, estimates that the number of Internet users will grow from approximately 97 million worldwide in 1998 to approximately 320 million worldwide by the end of 2002. In addition, commerce conducted over the Internet has grown and is expected to grow dramatically. IDC estimates that the percentage of Internet users buying goods and services on the Internet will increase from approximately 28% at the end of 1998 to approximately 40% in 2002, and that over the same period of time, the total value of goods and services purchased over the Internet will increase from approximately $32.4 billion to approximately $425.7 billion.
The Internet has emerged as an attractive new medium for businesses and advertisers of information, products and services to reach these large numbers of consumers. However, the web is composed of a seemingly limitless number of web pages dispersed across millions of different computer systems all over the world in no discernible organization. Search services or mechanisms, such as directories and search engines, have been developed to index and search the information available on the web and thereby help Internet users locate information of interest. These search services enable consumers to search the Internet for a listing of web sites based on a specific topic, product, or service of interest.
Search services are, after e-mail, the most frequently used tool on the Internet. As a result, web sites providing search services offer advertisers significant reach into the Internet audience and give advertisers the opportunity to target consumer interests based on keyword or topical search requests. Businesses and advertisers have an interest in participating in search result listings. In doing so, they generally seek to maximize exposure and traffic to their web sites, while managing any costs associated with such exposure in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
Generally, in a web-based search on an Internet search engine, a user enters a search term comprising one or more keywords, which the search engine then uses to generate a listing of web pages that the user may access via a hyperlink. There are many ways in which a search engine can return the results listings. There are search engines that use automated search technology, which relies in large part on complex, mathematics-based database search algorithms that select and rank web pages based on multiple criteria such as keyword density and keyword location. The search results generated by such mechanisms often rely on blind mathematical formulas and may be random and even irrelevant. These search engines often catalog search results that rely on invisible web site descriptions, or "meta tags", that are authored by web site promoters. It is not uncommon for web site owners to tag their sites as they choose in attempt to attract additional consumer attention at little to no marginal cost.
Other search engines and web site directories may also rely on manual efforts of limited editorial staffs to review web page information, which becomes an ever-increasing difficult task as the volume and diversity of Internet content grows. No matter what the process, however, web page owners seek to target more effectively their web exposure and distribute information to the attention of interested users on a current and comprehensive basis, while maintaining costs or monitoring budgets.
One known effort that has been used by advertisers to generate web site traffic is banner advertising, where web site promoters seeking to promote and increase their web exposure purchase space on the pages of popular commercial web sites. The web site promoters usually fill this space with a colorful graphic, known as a banner, advertising their own web site and acting as a hyperlink for a visitor to click on to access the site. Banners may be displayed at every page access or may be targeted to search terms used on a search engine. Like traditional advertising, banner advertising on the Internet is typically priced only on an impression basis, with advertisers paying for exposures to potential consumers. Using only this type of advertising, however, may not necessarily provide the most desirable or cost efficient exposure rate for a business or advertiser seeking to target interested consumers.
Internet advertising can offer a level of targetability, interactivity, and measurability not generally available in other media. With the proper tools, Internet advertisers have the ability to direct and target their messages to specific groups of consumers and receive prompt feedback as to the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns. Many of the traditional paradigms of advertising and search engine algorithms fail to offer appropriate options to businesses or advertisers or to maximize the delivery of relevant information via the web to interested parties in a cost-effective manner for those businesses and advertisers. Ideally, web site promoters or advertisers should be able to control their placement in search result listings so that their listings appear in searches that are relevant to the content of their web site and to control their mode of participation and any associated costs so that such listings are desirable or effective for their business. Search engine functionality needs to facilitate an on-line marketplace which offers consumers quick, easy and relevant search results while providing Internet advertisers and promoters with a cost-effective way to target consumers in a manner they determine most appropriate for their business goals. In this on-line marketplace, companies selling products, services, or information will be able to determine the options that best suit its advertising and cost needs and appear in desirable positions on a search result list generated by an Internet search engine.
Since advertisers generally must pay for each referral generated through the search result lists generated by the search engine, advertisers have an incentive to select and bid on those search keywords that are most relevant to their web site offerings. A referral can be of any one of a number types. One type of referral is an impression referral, whereby the advertiser's listing appears in the search results list. Another type of referral is a click-through referral, whereby a consumer clicks on the advertiser's listing. Still another type of referral is an action referral, whereby after the consumer has clicked on the advertiser's listing, the consumer takes further action in connection with the advertiser's web site. These further actions include, for example, actions such as registering with the advertiser's site, participating in a promotion in connection with the advertiser's site, and/or purchasing a good or service from the advertiser. Advertisers can bid on one or more of the various types of referrals. In the case where the advertiser bids on more than one type of referral, a bid will comprise multiple elements, one element per type of referral bid upon. The higher the market value of an advertiser's bid, the higher the advertiser's position on a search result list. The higher an advertiser's position on a search result list, the higher the likelihood of a referral; that is, the higher the likelihood that a consumer will be referred to the advertiser's web site through the search result list.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for enabling promoters to influence a position on a search result listing generated by an Internet search engine for a specified set of search terms.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide promoters with a search engine that permits such promoters to influence a higher placement in a search result list via a continuous, competitive online bidding process.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a cost-effective method of Internet advertising where the web site promoter is charged in direct proportion to the number of referrals generated by the search engine.
It is another object of the present invention to create a new method of advertising where advertisers can bid on those types of referrals that the advertiser wants to bid upon, and where the market value of that bid determines the advertiser's search results list placement A further object being that advertisers are allowed to select and modify referrals to better meet their business needs.
The present embodiments seek to address the aforementioned problems by providing a system and method for enabling a web site promoter using a computer network to influence a position within a search result list generated by an Internet search engine. One embodiment relates to a system and method to enable a web site promoter to define a search listing for a search result list, select a search term relevant to the promoter's web site, and influence a search result list position for the search listing on an Internet search engine. When an Internet user enters the search terms in a search engine query, the search engine will generate a search result list with the web site promoter's listing in a position influenced by one or more parameters defined by the promoter. The present embodiments further permit web site promoters to select the types of referrals to utilize when selecting search terms for purposes of participating in the search result listings.
The embodiments described herein use the concept of a bid, which corresponds to the economic value that an advertiser will give when network locations associated with the advertiser are referred to a searcher in response to a query from the searcher. The economic value may be a money amount charged or chargeable to the advertiser, either directly or indirectly. The economic value may be an amount debited from an account of the advertiser. The amount may be a money amount or another value, such as credit points. The economic value may be given by the advertiser to the operator of a database search system or to a third party.
The economic value is given when a searcher is referred to one or more network locations, such as advertiser web sites, are referred to a searcher. The referral may be made by presenting the network locations on a screen used for data entry and receipt by the searcher, alone or with other search results. This is referred to as an impression. Alternatively, and in an embodiment generally described herein, the referral may occur when the searcher clicks on or clicks through to access the network locations of the advertiser, as will be described in greater detail below. Or the referral may be by some other action taken by the searcher after accessing the network locations of the advertiser.
In one embodiment, a web site promoter selects a search term and influences a position within the search result list generated by that search term by participating in an online competitive bidding process. This online competitive bidding process allows a web site promoter to pay for selected referrals and may be employed in conjunction with an Internet search engine. Allowing promoters to pay for selected referrals applies market principles to advertising on the Internet. Conventional Internet search engines do not provide a way for web site promoters to easily predict the position of their web site in search results or guarantee their appearance in search results containing their web site description. A tool enabling advertisers to target web search terms relevant to their business and to influence the placement of their web site description within the search results provides a powerful advantage to businesses and others seeking to increase their web exposure. Furthermore, a competitive pricing or bidding process and basing pricing on type and number of web site referrals generated helps ensure that the pricing structure reflects the market and is accessible to advertisers of all budget sizes.
To participate in the process, an advertiser or web site promoter may access the advertiser's user account through a secure web site. The advertiser may use the account to place bids on search terms that are relevant to the advertiser's web site. Each bid relates to a search term-web site combination and corresponds to money amounts that the advertiser will pay to the owner of the search engine each time a searcher is referred to the advertiser through the search result list generated by the search engine. These money amounts apply to one or more of the types of referrals, which include impression, click-through, or action. The appearance of the advertiser's listing in the search results list will result in an impression referral. A click-through referral will occur when a searcher clicks on the advertiser's listing, and this click will result in an access request being sent to the advertiser's web site, which will respond by transmitting the advertiser's web page to the searcher's browser. An action referral will occur when, after the search is performed, the searcher performs a further action in connection with the advertiser's web page, including, for example, actions such as registering with the advertiser's site, participating in a promotion in connection with the advertiser's site, or purchasing a good or service from the advertiser. In general, click-through referrals provide higher benefits to the advertiser than impression referrals, action referrals provide higher benefits than click-through referrals, and some types of action referrals provide higher benefits than other types of actions. Nonetheless, all types of referrals provide benefits to the advertiser. Since the charge to the advertiser is based on the number and type of referrals to the advertiser's web site that were generated by the search engine, the charge for placement is directly proportional to the benefits received.
The higher the market value of the bid, the more advantageous the placement in the search result list that is generated when the bidded search term is entered by a searcher using the search engine. The search result list is arranged in order of decreasing bid value, with the search listing corresponding to the highest valued bids displayed first to the searcher. Preferably, each search listing corresponding to a bid is identified on the display as a paid listing. Most preferably, the bid value is included on the identification. In addition, the search result list of the present embodiments is preferably combined with "non-paid" web site descriptions generated by a conventional Internet search engine, preferably including listings generated according to mathematics-based database search algorithms as discussed above. The combination of paid and unpaid listings helps ensure that the searcher will receive the most complete and relevant search results. Most preferably, the non-paid listings are considered to have a bid value of zero and are therefore underneath the paid results.
According to a first embodiment, there is provided a system and method for enabling the web site promoters to influence a position for a search listing within a search result list generated by an Internet search engine. The advertiser or web site promoter first selects a search term comprising one or more keywords relevant to the content of the web site to be listed. The advertiser or web site promoter influences the rank position for the search listing through an ongoing online competitive bidding process with other web site promoters. The bidding process occurs when an advertiser enters a new set of bid element amounts for an existing search listing or enters a set of bid element amounts for a new search listing. Preferably, the advertiser or promoter's bid is then processed in real time. The value of this set of bid element amounts is compared with the values of all other bids from other promoters for the same search term, and generates new rank values for all search listings having that search term. The rank value determines the position where the promoter's web site description will appear on the search results list page that is generated when the search term is entered into the query box on the search engine by a searcher. A more valuable bid will result in a higher rank value and a more advantageous placement, which is preferably near the beginning of the search results list page. Preferably, the quantities used in the competitive bidding process are money amounts that the web site promoter will pay to an owner of the Internet search engine each time the advertiser's web site is referred by the search engine in the ways that the advertiser has bid upon. Most preferably, these money amounts will be deducted from an account balance that is retained in the promoter's account for each time the promoter's web site is referred by the search engine.
One embodiment of the system and method provides a database having accounts for the web site promoters. Each account includes contact and billing information for a web site promoter. In addition, each account includes at least one search listing, each search listing having five components: a description of the web site to be listed, the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the web site, a search term comprising one or more keywords, a set of bid element amounts, and a title for the search listing. Each account may also include the promoter's payment history and a history of search listings entered by the user. The promoter logs in to his or her account via an authentication process running on a secure server. Once logged in, the promoter may add, delete, or modify a search listing and modify its bid element amounts. The functions of adding or deleting a search listing, or modifying the bid element amounts of a search listing is to initiate the competitive bidding process described above. All search listing changes and modifications are processed substantially in real time to support the online competitive bidding process.
One embodiment provides a method of determining the market value of a bid. A bid is comprised of a set of bid element amounts. Each element of the bid is associated with one type of referral. The market value of a bid is calculated as the sum of the market values of the elements of that bid. The market value of a bid element is calculated as the product of the amount of the bid element and the probability of the occurrence of the referral associated with that element.
In an alternative embodiment of the system and method of the present invention, the system, instead of the web site promoter, selects the search term or terms relevant to the promoter's web site. This saves the promoter from doing this work, although it leaves the promoter with less control.
Methods and systems for generating a pay-for-placement search result determined by a site promoter, such as an advertiser, over a client/server based computer network system are disclosed. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. For purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. Descriptions of specific applications are provided only as examples. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
Referring now to the drawings,
A "server" is typically a remote computer system that is accessible over a communications medium such as the Internet. The client process may be active in a second computer system, and communicate with the server process over a communications medium that allows multiple clients to take advantage of the information-gathering capabilities of the server. Thus, the server essentially acts as an information provider for a computer network.
The block diagram of
The client computers 12 can be conventional personal computers (PCs), workstations, or computer systems of any other size. Each client 12 typically includes one or more processors, memories, input/output devices, and a network interface, such as a conventional modem. The advertiser web servers 14, account management server 22, and the search engine web server 24 can be similarly configured. However, advertiser web servers 14, account management server 22, and search engine web server 24 may each include many computers connected by a separate private network. In fact, the network 20 may include hundreds of thousands of individual networks of computers.
The client computers 12 can execute web browser programs 16, such as the NAVIGATOR, EXPLORER, or MOSAIC browser programs, to locate the web pages or records 30 stored on advertiser server 14. The browser programs 16 allow the users to enter addresses of specific web pages 30 to be retrieved. These addresses are referred to as Uniform Resource Locators, or URLs. In addition, once a page has been retrieved, the browser programs 16 can provide access to other pages or records when the user "clicks" on hyperlinks to other web pages. Such hyperlinks are located within the web pages 30 and provide an automated way for the user to enter the URL of another page and to retrieve that page. The pages can be data records including as content plain textual information, or more complex digitally encoded multimedia content, such as software programs, graphics, audio signals, videos, and so forth.
In one embodiment, illustrated in
As discussed above, at least two types of server are contemplated in a preferred embodiment. The first server contemplated is an account management server 22 comprising a computer storage medium 32 and a processing system 34. A database 38 is stored on the storage medium 32 of the account management server 22. The database 38 contains advertiser account information. It will be appreciated from the description below that the illustrated system and method may be implemented in software that is stored as executable instructions on a computer storage medium, such as memories or mass storage devices, on the account management server 22. Conventional browser programs 16, running on client computers 12, may be used to access advertiser account information stored on account management server 22. Preferably, access to the account management server 22 is accomplished through a firewall, not shown, which protects the account management and search result placement programs and the account information from external tampering. Additional security may be provided via enhancements to the standard communications protocols such as Secure HTTP or the Secure Sockets Layer.
The second server type contemplated is a search engine web server 24. A search engine program permits network users, upon navigating to the search engine web server URL or sites on other web servers capable of submitting queries to the search engine web server 24 through their browser program 16, to type keyword queries to identify pages of interest among the millions of pages available on the World Wide Web. In one embodiment, the search engine web server 24 generates a search result list that includes, at least in part, relevant entries obtained from and formatted by the results of the bidding process conducted by the account management server 22. The search engine web server 24 generates a list of hypertext links to documents that contain information relevant to search terms entered by the user or by the system at the client computer 12. The search engine web server transmits this list, in the form of a web page, to the network user, where it is displayed on the browser 16 running on the client computer 12. A presently preferred embodiment of the search engine web server may be found by navigating to the web page at URL http://www.overture.com/. In addition, the search result list web page, an example of which is presented in
Search engine web server 24 is connected to the Internet 20. In one embodiment, search engine web server 24 includes a search database 40 comprised of search listing records used to generate search results in response to user queries. In addition, search engine web server 24 may also be connected to the account management server 22. Account management server 22 may also be connected to the Internet. The search engine web server 24 and the account management server 22 address the different information needs of the users located at client computers 12.
For example, one class of users located at client computers 12 may be network information providers such as advertising web site promoters or owners having advertiser web pages 30 located on advertiser web servers 14. These advertising web site promoters, or advertisers, may wish to access account information residing in storage 32 on account management server 22. An advertising web site promoter may, through the account residing on the account management server 22, participate in a competitive bidding process with other advertisers. An advertiser may bid on any number of search terms relevant to the content of the advertiser's web site. In one embodiment, the relevance of a bidded search term to an advertiser's web site is determined through a manual editorial process prior to insertion of the search listing containing the search term and advertiser web site URL into the database 40. In an alternate embodiment, the relevance of a bidded search term in a search listing to the corresponding web site may be evaluated using a computer program executing at processor 34 of account management server 22, where the computer program will evaluate the search term and corresponding web site according to a set of predefined editorial rules. In another embodiment, the system, rather than the advertiser, selects the search term or terms relevant to the content of the advertiser's site.
The more valuable bids receive more advantageous placement on the search result list page generated by the search engine 24 when a search using the search term bid on by the advertiser, or associated by the system with the advertiser's web site, is executed. In one embodiment, the bid by an advertiser comprises a money amount that is deducted from the account of the advertiser for each time a specific type of referral to that advertiser occurs. Preferentially, that specific type of referral is the click-through referral. Click-through referrals are preferable to impression referrals in that advertisers generally prefer the former over the latter. Moreover, click-through referrals are preferred to action referrals in that recording the former is within the exclusive control of the search engine web server 24, whereas recording the latter requires cooperation of the advertiser, since actions generally occur on the advertiser's web site. In this embodiment, bids comprise only one element—specifically, the money amount that is deducted upon the occurrence of a click-through referral. A click-through referral occurs when the advertiser's web site is accessed via a hyperlink on the search result list page. A searcher "clicks" on the hyperlink with a computer input device to initiate a retrieval request to retrieve the information associated with the advertiser's hyperlink. Preferably, each access or "click" on a search result list hyperlink will be redirected to the search engine web server 24 to associate the "click" with the account identifier for an advertiser. This redirect action, which is not apparent to the searcher, will access account identification information coded into the search result page before accessing the advertiser's URL using the search result list hyperlink clicked on by the searcher. The account identification information is recorded in the advertiser's account along with information from the retrieval request as a retrieval request event. Since the information obtained through this mechanism conclusively matches an account identifier with a URL in a manner not possible using conventional server system logs known in the art, accurate account debit records will be maintained. Most preferably, the advertiser's web site description and hyperlink on the search result list page is accompanied by an indication that the advertiser's listing is a paid listing. Most preferably, each paid listing displays a "cost to advertiser," which is an amount corresponding to value of the advertiser's bid for each click-through referral to the advertiser's site through the search result list.
In a second embodiment, the bid by an advertiser comprises a set of money amounts that are deducted from the account of the advertiser for each time certain types of referrals to that advertiser occur. Preferentially, the types of referrals available to the advertiser to be bid upon would comprise impression, click-through, and a limited set of types of advertiser-defined actions. The limited set may comprise two types of actions. In that case, a multi-element bid would comprise four elements—specifically, the money amounts that are deducted, respectively, upon the occurrence of an impression referral, a click-through referral, a first action referral, and a second action referral. Because the web sites of two different advertisers can be very different in purpose, and because a particular advertiser could have very different purposes underlying two different advertising campaigns, it is preferred that the first and second action elements of the bid be advertiser-defined. For example, one advertiser could define the first action as response to a certain promotion, whereas another advertiser could define the first action as a sale of a good or service.
An impression referral to an advertiser occurs when that advertiser's listing appears in the search results listing. In the event of an impression referral to an advertiser, the account identification information is recorded in that advertiser's account along with information about the event as an impression referral event. Since the information obtained through this mechanism conclusively matches an account identifier with a URL in a manner not possible using conventional server system logs known in the art, accurate account debit records will be maintained.
Click-through referrals to advertisers occur and are handled as described above in the first embodiment. In alternative embodiments, click-through referral processing may be modified according to particular design or implementation goals and requirements.
An action referral to an advertiser occurs when the searcher performs that action associated with the advertiser's web site, after the searcher has clicked through to the advertiser's web site. Upon receipt of notification from the advertiser that the action has occurred, the account identification information is recorded in that advertiser's account along with information about the event as a specific action event. Since the information obtained through this notification mechanism conclusively matches authentication information associated with that advertiser, accurate account debit records will be maintained.
Notwithstanding the first and second embodiments above, the disclosure herein addresses all possible combinations of referral types upon which to bid. By way of example, an embodiment could have advertisers bidding on only impression referrals and click-through referrals. This embodiment would provide the benefit of having the referral events noticed and recorded by search engine web server 24 without the cooperation of advertisers. In a second example, another embodiment could have advertisers bidding on only one action referral. This embodiment would provide the benefit of aligning with the advertiser interest in paying for highly targeted, directed, and specific events. A second class of users at client computers 12 may comprise searchers seeking specific information on the web. The searchers may access, through their browsers 16, a search engine web page 36 residing on web server 24. The search engine web page 36 includes a query box in which a searcher may type a search term comprising one or more keywords. Alternatively, the searcher may query the search engine web server 24 through a query box hyperlinked to the search engine web server 24 and located on a web page stored at a remote web server. When the searcher has finished entering the search term, the searcher may transmit the query to the search engine web server 24 by clicking on a provided hyperlink. The search engine web server 24 will then generate a search result list page and transmit this page to the searcher at the client computer 12.
The searcher may click on the hypertext links associated with each listing on the search results page to access the corresponding web pages. The hypertext links may access web pages anywhere on the Internet, and include paid listings to advertiser web pages 18 located on advertiser web servers 14. In one embodiment, the search result list also includes non-paid listings that are not placed as a result of advertiser bids and are generated by a conventional World Wide Web search engine, such as the INKTOMI, LYCOS, or YAHOO! search engines. The non-paid hypertext links may also include links manually indexed into the database 40 by an editorial team. Most preferably, the non-paid listings follow the paid advertiser listings on the search results page.
The login procedure of the embodiment is shown in
According to
However, if the user is authenticated as an administrator in step 295 of
Furthermore, instead of the general advertiser main menu shown to the authenticated advertiser users in step 282, the authenticated administrator is provided in step 298 with access to search the database 38 of advertiser accounts. Preferably, a database search interface is provided to the administrator that enables the administrator to select an advertiser account to monitor. For example, the interface may include query boxes in which the administrator may enter an account number or username or contact name corresponding to an account the administrator wishes to access. When the administrator selects an advertiser account to monitor in step 299, the administrator is then brought to the main advertiser page 120 of
Access to the account information 32 located on the account management server 22 is restricted to users having an account record on the system, as only those users are provided with a valid login name and password. Password and login name information is stored along with the user's other account information in the database 38 of the account management server 22, as shown in
Contact information 310 is preferably utilized to direct communications to the advertiser when the advertiser has requested notification of key advertiser events under the notification option, discussed below. The account record 300 also contains billing information 320 such as a current balance and credit card information. The billing information 320 contains data accessed when the advertiser selects the option to add money to the advertiser's account. In addition, certain billing information, such as the current balance, may trigger events requiring notification under the notification option. The audit trail section 325 of an account record 300 contains a list of all events wherein the account record 300 is accessed. Each time an account record 300 is accessed or modified, by an administrator or advertiser a short entry describing the account access and/or modification event will be appended to the audit trail section 330 of the administrator or advertiser account that initiated the event. The audit trail information may then be used to help generate a history of transactions made by the account owner under the account.
The advertising information section 330 contains information needed to conduct the online bidding process, wherein a position is determined for a web site description and hyperlink within a search result list generated by a search engine. The advertising data 330 for each user account 300 may be organized as zero or more subaccounts 340. Each subaccount 340 comprises at least one search listing 344. Each search listing corresponds to a bid on a search term. An advertiser may utilize subaccounts to organize multiple bids on multiple search terms, or to organize bids for multiple web sites. Subaccounts are also particularly useful for advertisers seeking to track the performance of targeted market segments. The subaccount superstructure is introduced for the benefit of the advertisers seeking to organize their advertising efforts, and does not affect the method of operation of the embodiments described herein. Alternatively, the advertising information section need not include the added organizational layer of subaccounts, but may simply comprise one or more search listings.
The search listing 344 corresponds to a search term/bid pairing and contains key information to conduct the online competitive bidding process. Preferably, each search listing comprises the following information: search term 352, web site description 354, URL 356, bid element amounts 358, and a title 360. Additional information may be added or some of this information may be deleted or re-cast according to particular design goals. The search term 352 comprises one or more keywords which may be common words in English or any other language. Each keyword in turn comprises a character string. The search term is the object of the competitive online bidding process. The advertiser selects a search term to bid on that is relevant to the content of the advertiser's web site. Ideally, the advertiser may select a search term that is targeted to terms likely to be entered by searchers seeking the information on the advertiser's web site, although less common search terms may also be selected to ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant search terms for bidding.
In an alternative embodiment, the system, instead of the advertiser, selects the search term or terms related to the advertiser's web site. Certain advertisers may prefer to be saved the work of determining these keywords. Moreover, to the extent the system allows the advertiser to bid on action events, and the advertiser bids only on action events, the advertiser has less incentive to be concerned about compiling an accurate search term list related to its web site. Since that advertiser pays only upon the occurrence of the action, that advertiser may have less incentive to have its web site associated with as many different search terms as possible, even entirely unrelated search terms. In cases like this, the system would preferably select the search terms appropriate to that advertiser's web site in order to maximize relevance of the search results.
The web site description 354 is a short textual description, preferably less than 190 characters, of the content of the advertiser's web site and may be displayed as part of the advertiser's entry in a search result list. The search listing 344 may also contain a title 360 of the web site that may be displayed as the hyperlinked heading to the advertiser's entry in a search result list. The URL 356 contains the Uniform Resource Locator address of the advertiser's web site. When the user clicks on the hyperlink provided in the advertiser's search result list entry, the URL is provided to the browser program. The browser program, in turn, accesses the advertiser's web site through the redirection mechanism discussed above. The URL may also be displayed as part of the advertiser's entry in a search result list.
In one embodiment there is only a single bid element amount 358 corresponding, preferably, to a click-through event. In this embodiment, bid element amount 358 is a money amount bid by an advertiser for a listing. This money amount is deducted from the advertiser's prepaid account or is recorded for advertiser accounts that are invoiced for each time a search is executed by a user on the corresponding search term and the search result list hyperlink is used to refer the searcher to the advertiser's web site.
In a second embodiment, there are multiple bid element amounts 358. These multiple bid element amounts correspond to one or more of an impression event, a click-through event, and one or more action events. Multiple bid element amounts 358 corresponding to all of an impression event, a click-through event, and one or more action events will be discussed.
Bid element amount 358 associated with an impression event is the money amount deducted from the advertiser's pre-paid account upon the occurrence of that event. Bid element amount 358 associated with a click-through event is the money amount deducted from the advertiser's pre-paid account upon the occurrence of that event. Bid element amounts 358 associated with action events are the money amounts deducted from the advertiser's pre-paid account upon the system receiving notification of the occurrence of the applicable action event.
Finally, a rank value is a value generated dynamically, preferably by the processing system 34 of the account management server 22 shown in
In one embodiment, in which there is only a single bid element amount 358, the bid value is the value of the bid element amount 358. Preferably, this value is determined simply by using the exact amount of the bid element as its value. This method of determination has the benefit of simplicity and clarity.
Alternatively, and also preferably, the value of bid element amount 358 can be determined by calculating the market value of that amount. Market value of the amount is calculated as the product of the amount and the probability of occurrence of the referral event with which this bid element is associated. In this embodiment, that referral event is a click-through. Accordingly, the probability to be calculated is the probability of a click-through. Calculating market value of the bid element amount has the benefit of more accurately valuing the placement locations on the search result list.
One way to determine the probability of a click-through for a particular listing is to use the click through rate over a specified period of time. In one embodiment, click through rate is defined as the ratio of the Number of Clicks to the Number of Impressions. Preferably, the probability of a click-through for a particular listing is calculated taking into consideration the higher average click-through rates ("CTR") of more prominent positions in the search results, and the lower average CTR of less prominent positions. More preferably, the calculation of the probability of a click-through for a particular listing also takes into account the comparative attractiveness of that particular listing relative to its competition.
Most preferably, the probability of a click-through for a particular listing is calculated as the product of the expected CTR for the contemplated position of the listing when occupied by a listing of average attractiveness to the user, and a number representing the rank-independent comparative attractiveness of the particular listing relative to the average listing for that term. This comparative attractiveness factor distinguishes between a listing of less than average attractiveness, for which this factor would be less than one, a listing of typical or average attractiveness, for which this factor would be one, and a listing of unusual attractiveness, for which this factor is greater than one.
By way of example, consider a listing of interest to only a small fraction of users who perform a particular search. One example of such a listing is a listing for a service that provides cross-country shipping for automobiles, when matched to a user search for "cars". Only a small fraction of users performing a search on "cars" have an interest in shipping an automobile at that time. Many users read the title and the description components of the listing provided by the advertiser before deciding to click through to the listed site. Most of those users will skip that listing, and some fraction of them will bother to read on for another listing that addresses the aspect of "cars" that matches or catches their interest. Only those users who are interested in transporting an automobile, plus that fraction of users who don't read the titles and descriptions of listings before clicking, will click through to the listed site.
This behavior is as intended by the advertiser, who crafts the title and description of the listing to encourage users who are likely to respond to the propositions of the advertiser's web site to click on the listing, with consequent cost to the advertiser, and conversely, to discourage users from clicking whose expected business value is less than the cost due to the search engine operator for the click through. The incentive for an advertiser to represent accurately the nature of a listed web page is one of the advantages of a cost per click element in the cost of advertiser participation.
However, this listing's less-than-typical CTR at a given position in the search results for "cars", compared to a typical listing matching "cars", means that the market value of this listing must be adjusted down relative to those typical listings. This adjustment is represented by the comparative attractiveness factor described above.
Preferably, the comparative attractiveness factor for a listing is calculated as a normalized probability. This normalized probability is equal to the ratio of the CTR for that listing over a specified period of time, and the average expected or intrinsic CTR applicable to the various rankings held by that listing over the same period of time. Calculated this way, the comparative attractiveness factor references how the listing performed with respect to attracting click-throughs, relative to how the listing should have performed given the rankings it held. How the listing should have performed is captured by the intrinsic CTR value.
Intrinsic CTR applicable to a particular ranking refers to the fact that, over a sufficient number of searches, an average CTR for all listings that held that ranking can be calculated. This calculated average CTR is considered the intrinsic CTR applicable to that ranking. For a listing of average attractiveness, the CTR expected for that listing at a particular ranking is equal to the intrinsic CTR applicable to that ranking. Intrinsic CTR can be calculated for each search term, for certain groups or categories of search terms, or, most simply, across all search terms.
In calculating the denominator of the normalized probability for a listing, an average intrinsic CTR value is used. That average intrinsic CTR value concerns the fact that over a period of time, a listing can hold various rankings. Each of those rankings has its own intrinsic CTR. There are a number of alternative preferable methods for calculating the average intrinsic CTR value which is used as the denominator of the normalized probability. Under one such method, the denominator is calculated as the ratio of the sum of all of the intrinsic CTRs applicable to all of the rankings held by the listing over a period of time, and the number of impressions of that listing over the same period of time. Under a second preferable method, the average of all the rankings held by the listing over a period of time is first calculated. Then, the denominator of the normalized probability is set to the intrinsic CTR applicable to that calculated average ranking. Under this method, the average ranking will tend not to be an integer. In accordance with the embodiments herein, various devices and techniques can be used for handling this situation. One way is to use, as the average ranking in the calculation of the average intrinsic CTR value, the integer closest to the calculated average ranking. Alternatively, intrinsic CTR can be expressed as a continuous function, thereby accommodating the concept of fractional rankings.
Once the normalized probability has been calculated, the market value of bid element amount 358 for a listing can now be calculated. That market value is calculated as the product of bid element amount 358, the intrinsic CTR for the contemplated position of the listing, and the normalized probability for the listing. This calculation results in a money amount that the advertiser is expected to pay upon the completion of the next search in which this listing is included. As such, these money amounts for all listings for each search term can be sorted by the amounts, and the listings can be assigned ordinal rank values.
Most preferably, the market value of bid element amount 358 for a listing is calculated as the product of bid element amount 358 and the normalized probability for the listing. In the preferred embodiment, the intrinsic CTR for the contemplated position of the listing is not used in the computation of market value. The reason for this is that this value does not change the ranking. In other words, the ranking determined by the product of bid element amount 358 and the normalized probability is the same as the ranking determined by the product of those two values and the intrinsic CTR for the contemplated position of the listing. Accordingly, computing the latter value is unnecessary.
In the preferred embodiment, the market value is a normalized value of bid element 358. This normalized value is expressed in units of "cost-per-click" ("CPC"), just as is the non-normalized bid element amount 358. The difference between the two is that the normalized value takes into account the comparative attractiveness of the listings. If a listing is more attractive than average as demonstrated by the click-through behavior of searchers, then for the purposes of ranking, the market value of bid element amount 358 for that listing will be higher than that amount. Conversely, if the listing is less attractive than average, then for the purposes of ranking the market value will be less than the actual bidded amount. The normalized value resolves the problem illustrated by the example above concerning searches for "cars". The normalized value represents a bid for a listing of average attractiveness that is, from the point of view of the search engine, monetarily equivalent to bid element 358 for the current listing. The normalized value allows the bids for all listings to be compared as if all listings were of average attractiveness. In a second embodiment, there are multiple bid element amounts 358 corresponding, preferably, to an impression event, a click-through event, and one or more action events. In this embodiment, the bid value is calculated as a combination of the values of each of the bid elements. In one embodiment, the combination is a sum.
Preferably, the value of a bid element corresponding to an impression event is determined simply as the actual amount of the bid element, since the probability of occurrence of the impression event is 1 if the listing is selected for display.
The value of a bid element corresponding to a click-through event is determined as described above in connection with one embodiment.
Finally, the value of a bid element corresponding to an action event is calculated as the product of the amount of the bid element and the probability of occurrence of the action event with which this bid element is associated. One way to determine this probability is to use the action rate over a specified period of time. In one embodiment, the action rate is defined to be the number of actions to the number of impressions. Because actions generally occur on the advertiser's web site, the probability of the action event can be treated as independent of the particular ranking of the listing that led to the action.
Most preferably, the probability of an action for a particular listing would be calculated as the ratio of the action rate for that listing over a specified period of time, and the intrinsic CTR applicable to the average ranking of that listing over the same period of time. Calculating this ratio achieves a normalization of the action rate for the listing. Although the probability that the user will perform the action on the advertiser's web site after the user has clicked through to that web site is independent of the ranking of the listing that led to the action, the ranking does in fact affect the number of opportunities there were for that action to have occurred. This normalizing ratio is necessary to put different bids on equal footing with respect to opportunities for the actions to occur. In this way comparisons between different bids are based on truer relative values of the respective bids.
Most preferably, in calculating the value of multiple bid element amounts 358 as the sum of the values of each of the bid elements, the value of each bid element is expressed in consistent units. One way to do so is to calculate the value of each bid element in CPC units. CPC units are achieved in valuing the bid element amount for a click-through as the product of that amount and the normalized probability, as described above. Similarly, CPC units are achieved in valuing the bid element amount for an action as the product of that amount and the normalizing ratio, also as described above. These two values can be added, and the result will still be expressed in CPC units. However, the bid element amount for impression is expressed in cost-per-impression ("CPM") units. In order to add the value of this bid element amount to the values of other amounts which are expressed in CPC units, a transformation must first be applied to the bid element amount for impression.
One preferable transformation is to divide the bid element amount for impression by the intrinsic CTR applicable to a particular ranking R for the search term to which the current listing applies. For example, if R is 1, then the particular ranking is ranking number 1. Then, if the bid element amount for impression is divided by the intrinsic CTR for ranking 1, the resultant value is expressed in CPC units. Specifically, in this example, the resultant value will be equivalent to the amount of a CPC bid for a listing of average attractiveness, where that amount would have achieved a number 1 ranking. Now if this transformed value of the bid element amount for an impression is added to the normalized values of the bid element amounts for click-through and for one or more actions, then the resultant value will be expressed in CPC units. This resultant value will resolve the "attractiveness" problem described above.
In accordance with the illustrated embodiments, any ranking R can be used, so long as the same R is used for all listings for a particular search term. In this way, consistent "apples to apples" comparisons of value can be made between the multiple element bids of different listings. In the above example, where R is 1, the least amount of weight is accorded the bid for impression as against the bids for click-through or for actions. The larger the R, the higher the relative weight is accorded the bid for impression in valuing the entire multiple element bid.
The foregoing calculation allows not only for consistent "apples to apples" comparisons to be made between different bids, but also for a precise meaning to be attributed to each bid. That meaning is the "monetarily equivalent bid for click-through for a listing of average attractiveness". In other words, each multi-element bid is transformed into the monetarily equivalent bid for click-through for a listing of average attractiveness.
The foregoing describes calculating the value of multiple bid element amounts 358 in units of "effective CPC". Equivalently, the value of multiple bid element amounts 358 could be calculated in units of "effective CPM", instead of effective CPC. The effective CPM value of a multiple element bid is calculated as the product of the effective CPC value of that bid and the intrinsic CTR applicable to the same ranking R used in calculating effective CPC. The effect on ranking is exactly the same. Similarly, other, equivalent, "effective values" could be used.
When the system of the present embodiments receives notification of the occurrence of an action, the system records that occurrence. When the action occurs within the system, the system can generate that notification. Sometimes, however, actions occur on the advertiser's web site. In those cases, the advertiser must either send notification of the action event, or permit the system to have access to the advertiser's web site to generate the notification, in order for the event to be recorded by the system. In the case where notification is to be sent by the advertisers, advertisers will have an incentive to provide this notification. If an advertiser never sends notification of action events that occurred, then the action rate will be calculated as 0, and so the value of the bid element for that action will be treated also as 0. In that case, it does not matter what amount what the advertiser bids for that action. If the action never occurs according to the understanding of the system, then that bid element is valued at 0. In this way, the present embodiment provides sufficient incentive for the system to work as designed. In an alternative embodiment, suitable method or apparatus could be implemented to cause the notification to be sent by the user's browser operating on the user's personal computer or other device, rather than having to receive it from the advertiser. Generally the advertiser would have to cooperate to enable such an embodiment. Once logged in, an advertiser can perform a number of straightforward tasks set forth in menu 120 of
When "View Advertiser Policies" is selected, a routine will be invoked by processing system 34 of the account management server 22
Menu 120 of
The "Account Administration" menu also includes a selection enabling an advertiser to view the transaction history of the advertiser's account. Under the "View Transaction History" selection, the advertiser may invoke routines to view a listing of past account transactions. Examples include adding money to account, adding or deleting bidded search terms, or changing bid element amounts. Additional routines may be implemented to permit advertisers to display a history of transactions of a specified type, or that occur within a specified time. The transaction information may be obtained from the audit trail list 325 of
In addition, the "Account Administration" menu 150 of
Referring back to
In one embodiment, an advertiser may add funds online and substantially in real time through the use of a credit card, although the use of other payment types is certainly well within the scope of the present embodiments. For example, in an alternate embodiment, advertisers may add funds to their account by transferring the desired amount from the advertiser's bank account through an electronic funds verification mechanism known in the art such as debit cards, in a manner similar to that set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,724,424 to Gifford. In another alternate embodiment, advertisers can add funds to their account using conventional paper-based checks. In that case, the additional funds may be updated in the account record database through manual entry. The instrument information includes further details regarding the type of payment. For example, for a credit card, the instrument information may include data on the name of the credit card, such as MasterCard, Visa, or American Express, the credit card number, the expiration date of the credit card, and billing information for the credit card, such as billing name and address. In one embodiment, only a partial credit card number is displayed to the advertiser for security purposes.
The default values displayed to the advertiser are obtained from a persistent state, e.g., stored in the account database. In an embodiment, the stored billing information values may comprise the values set by the advertiser the last or most recent time the process of adding money was invoked and completed for the advertiser's account. The default billing information is displayed to the advertiser in a web-based form. The advertiser may click on the appropriate text entry boxes on the web-based form and make changes to the default billing information. After the advertiser completes the changes, the advertiser may click on a hyperlinked "Submit" button provided on the form to request that the system update the billing information and current balance in step 608. Once the advertiser has requested an update, a function is invoked by the system which validates the billing information provided by the advertiser and displays it back to the advertiser for confirmation, as shown in step 610. The confirmation billing information is displayed in read-only form and may not be changed by the advertiser.
The validation step functions as follows. If payment is to be debited from an advertiser's external account, payment may be authenticated, authorized and completed using the system set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,724,424 to Gifford. However, if the payment type is by credit card, a validating algorithm is invoked by the system, which validates the credit card number using a method such as that set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,836,241 to Stein et al. The validating algorithm also validates the expiration date via a straightforward comparison with the current system date and time. In addition, the function stores the new values in a temporary instance prior to confirmation by the advertiser.
Once the advertiser ascertains that the displayed data is correct, the advertiser may click on a "Confirm" button provided on the page to indicate that the account should be updated in step 612. In step 612, a function is invoked by the system which adds money to the appropriate account balance, updates the advertiser's billing information, and appends the billing information to the advertiser's payment history. The advertiser's updated billing information is stored to the persistent state in the account record database from the temporary instance.
Within the function invoked at step 612, a credit card payment function may be invoked by the system at step 614. In an alternate embodiment, other payment functions such as debit card payments may be invoked by defining multiple payment types depending on the updated value of the payment type.
If the payment type is credit card, the user's account is credited immediately at step 616, the user's credit card having already been validated in step 610. A screen showing the status of the add money transaction is displayed, showing a transaction number and a new current balance, reflecting the amount added by the just-completed credit card transaction.
In an alternate embodiment, after the money has been added to the account, the amount of money added to the account may be allocated between subaccounts the end of the add money process at step 616. If the advertiser has no subaccounts, all of the money in the account is a general allocation. However, if the advertiser has more than one subaccount, the system will display a confirmation and default message prompting the advertiser to "Allocate Money Between Subaccounts".
The menu selection "Allocate Money Between Subaccounts" may be invoked when money is added to the advertiser account after step 616 of
The "Allocate Money Between Subaccounts" routine begins when an advertiser indicates the intent to allocate money by invoking the appropriate menu selection at the execution points indicated above. When the advertiser indicates the intent to allocate, a function is invoked by the system to determine whether there are funds pending in the current balance, such as unactivated account credits, that have not yet been allocated to the advertiser's subaccounts, and displays the balance selection options. In an embodiment, an account instance is created and a pending current balance account field is set from the persistent state.
If there are no unallocated pending funds, the system may display the current available balances for the account as a whole as well as for each subaccount. The advertiser then distributes the current available balance between subaccounts and submits a request to update the balances. A function is invoked which calculates and displays the current running total for subaccount balances. The current running total is stored in a temporary variable which is set to the sum of current balances for all subaccounts for the specified advertiser. The function also validates the new available subaccount balances to make sure that the total does not exceed the authorized amount. If the new advertiser-set available subaccount balances does not exceed the authorized amount, a function is invoked which will update all of the subaccount balances in the persistent state and display the update in read-only format.
If there are pending funds in the current account balance, the pending funds must be allocated separately from the available current balance. The pending funds will then be added into the available current balance when the funds are received. The function must therefore prompt the advertiser to choose between allocating pending funds or allocating available funds. The allocating pending funds selection works in much the same manner as the allocating available funds selection outlined above. After the advertiser chooses to allocate pending funds, a routine is invoked to display current pending balances for the account and the subaccounts. The advertiser distributes the pending subaccount balances between campaigns and submits a request to update the balances. A function is invoked which calculates and displays the current running totals for the pending subaccount balances. This function also validates the new pending subaccount allocations to make sure that the allocations do not exceed any authorized amount. The current running total of pending allocations is set to the sum of current pending balances for all subaccounts for the advertiser. If the new user-set pending subaccount balances or the total of such balances do not exceed any authorized amount, the function will update all of the pending subaccount allocations in the persistent state, e.g. the advertiser's account in the database, and display the update in read-only format.
As indicated above and shown in
When a remote searcher accesses the search query page on the search engine web server 24 and executes a search request according to the procedure described previously, the search engine web server 24 preferably generates and displays a search result list where the "canonicalized" entry in search term field of each search listing in the search result list exactly matches the canonicalized search term query entered by the remote searcher. The canonicalization of search terms used in queries and search listings removes common irregularities of search terms entered by searches and web site promoters, such as capital letters and pluralizations, in order to generate relevant results. However, alternate schemes for determining a match between the search term field of the search listing and the search term query entered by the remote searcher are well within the scope of the present embodiments. For example, string matching algorithms known in the art may be employed to generate matches where the keywords of the search listing search term and the search term query have the same root but are not exactly the same, such as computing vs. computer. Alternatively a thesaurus database of synonyms may be stored at search engine web server 24, so that matches may be generated for a search term having synonyms. Localization methodologies may also be employed to refine certain searches. For example, a search for "bakery" or "grocery store" may be limited to those advertisers within a selected city, zip code, or telephone area code. This information may be obtained through a cross-reference of the advertiser account database stored at storage 32 on account management server 22. Finally, internationalization methodologies may be employed to refine searches for users outside the United States. For example, country or language-specific search results may be generated, by a cross-reference of the advertiser account database, for example.
An example of a search result list display used in one embodiment is shown in
Search result list entries 710 a-710 h may also show the rank value of the advertiser's search listing. The rank value is an ordinal value, preferably a number, generated and assigned to the search listing by the processing system 34 of
As shown in the campaign management menu 170 of
An example of screen display shown to the advertiser in step 810 is shown in
As shown in step 840 of
The search listing data is displayed in tabular format, with each search listing corresponding to one row of the table 900. The search term 902 is displayed in the leftmost column, followed by the current bid value 904, and the current rank 906 of the search listing. The current rank is followed by a column entitled "Bid to become #1" 907, defined as the bid value needed to become the highest ranked search listing for the displayed search term. The rightmost column of each row comprises a new bid input field 908 which is set initially to the current bid element amounts.
As shown in
Many of the other selections listed in the "Account Management" menu 170 of
In a second embodiment, there are multiple bid element amounts corresponding, preferably, to an impression event, a click-through event, and one or more action events. In this embodiment, the bid value is calculated as the sum of the values of each of the bid elements. In this case, the "Change Rank Position" option would work as above for the ultimate value of the bid. In addition, the system would calculate and suggest individual bid amount elements that would result in the necessary suggested bid value.
The "Modify Listing Component" selection on Account Management menu 170 of
A process similar to those discussed above may be implemented for changing any other peripheral options related to a search listing; for example, changing the matching options related to a bidded search term. Any recalculations of bids or ranks required by the changes may also be determined in a manner similar to the processes discussed above.
In the "Delete Bidded Search Term" option, the system retrieves all of the search listings in the account of the advertiser and displays the search listings in an organization and a format similar to the display of
In the "Add Bidded Search Term" option, the system provides the advertiser with a display having a number of entry fields corresponding to the elements of a search listing. The advertiser then enters into each field information corresponding to the respective search listing element, including the search term, the web site URL, the web site title, the web site description, and the bid element amounts, as well as any other relevant information. After the advertiser has completed entering the data and has indicated thus to the system, the system returns a read-only confirmation screen to the advertiser. The system then creates a new search listing instance and writes it into the account database and the search database upon receiving approval from the advertiser.
Preferably, the "Account Management" menu 170 of
The "Account Management" menu 170 of
One embodiment bases the cost projection algorithm on a simple predictor model that assumes that every search term performs in a similar fashion. This model assumes that the rank of the advertiser's search listing will remain constant and not fluctuate throughout the month. This algorithm has the advantages of being simple to implement and fast to calculate. The predictor model is based on the fact that the click through rate, e.g. the total number of clicks, or referrals, for a particular searcher listing, is considered to be a function of the rank of the search listing. The model therefore assumes that the usage curve of each search term, that is, the curve that result when the number of clicks on a search listing is plotted against the rank of the search listing, is similar to the usage curve for all search terms. Thus, known values extrapolated over time for the sum of all clicks for all search terms, the sum of all clicks at a given rank for all search terms, and the sum of all clicks for the selected search term may be employed in a simple proportion to determine the total of all clicks for the given rank for the selected search term. The estimated daily total of all clicks for the selected search term at the selected rank is then multiplied by the advertiser's current bid amount for the search term at that rank to determine a daily expense projection. In addition, if particular search terms or classes of search terms are known to differ markedly from the general pattern, correction values specific to the search term, advertiser, or other parameter may be introduced to fine-tune the projected cost estimate.
Finally, the "Account Management" menu 170 of
For an advertiser who requires a more comprehensive report of search listing activity, the "View Report" option may be selected from the Advertiser Main Page 120 of
When the advertiser has selected the "View Report" option, the system invokes a function which displays a list of available report types, dates, categories, and view options. The system preferably creates a report instance with the following fields, all of which are initially set to null: report type, report date, report category, and view option. Once the advertiser has defined the parameters described above, the system invokes a function to generate the requested report, based on the advertiser-set parameters, and to display the report, based on the view option parameter.
Finally, one embodiment implements an option for context specific help that the advertiser may request at any time the advertiser is logged in. The help option may be implemented as a small icon or button located on the system generated display page. The advertiser may click on the icon or button graphic on the display page to request help, upon which the system generates and displays a help page keyed to the function of the particular display the user is viewing. The help may be implemented as separate display pages, a searchable index, dialog boxes, or by any other methods well known in the art.
The foregoing detailed description should be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting and the appended claims, including all equivalents, are intended to define the scope of the invention.
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|Internationale Klassifikation
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|9. Okt. 2008
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Close Rolls, Henry V: 1414-1415
Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry V: Volume 1, 1413-1419
Close Rolls, Henry V 1414-1415 1414-1415 Thomas Corbet, son and heir of John Corbet esquire ( armigeri) of Essex, to Richard Marchall, Thomas Berwyk, William Bullok and John Bradshawe, and to the heirs and assignsView result
Hospitals: Leper hospitals of St Mary Magdalen and St James, Ipswich
A History of the County of Suffolk: Volume 2
1409 Robert Markys, 13 resigned 1464 Robert Lang, 14 1464 Thomas BullokView result
Close Rolls, Edward III: August 1348
Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: Volume 8, 1346-1349
Theobald de Brigham, William Bullok, John de Stanbrugge, Richard Cobbe, ... of the following tenants, to wit: of William Bullok, 4 s. 4 d.; of Richard Cobbe, 12View result
Parishes: Edworth
A History of the County of Bedford: Volume 2
to its transference to John Bullok of Eton who, together with Katherine his wife, ... Robert Bullok had succeeded John by 1428, 28 and by 1440 the manor ... a daughter of Robert Bullok. 29 Alice...View result
Folios cclxxi - cclxxx: April 1371 -
Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London: G, 1352-1374
Joh'is Bullok et Ric'i de Dancastre de custodia Joh'is fil' Joh'is Darke. ... 1371], came John Bullok and Richard Dancastre, sureties for Richard de ... the said John Bullok and Richard Dancastre...View result
Cumberland Lay Subsidy: Liberty of the Prior of Carlisle
Cumberland Lay Subsidy Fifteenth and Tenth, 6 Edw. III
Corfete 2 16 0 Thomas Lorimer 1 6 2 John de Haula 2 14 0 Adam Bullok 4 13 ... Bullok 3 2 4 Henry de Denes 15 0 Richard ffowler 2 16 3 John HouremeView result
Close Rolls, Edward III: December 1365
Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: Volume 12, 1364-1369
Berewyk knights, Henry Stormy, Robert Bullok, Andrew de Stratford. Dated la ... Berewyk knights, Henry Sturmy, Robert Bullok, Andrew de Stratford. Dated laView result
Close Rolls, Henry VI: 1453-1454
Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry VI: Volume 5, 1447-1454
Bullok master of a ship called ' Nicholas' of Aberdene in Scotland, John ... of London, and certified that John Bullok and they were restored ( as above),View result
Parishes: St Dionis Backchurch
The Cartulary of Holy Trinity, Aldgate
and feoffment of William Bullok, citizen and tapicer; grantees to distrainView result
Staffordshire Fines: Henry V
Staffordshire Historical Collections, Vol. 11
V. Between Master Walter Bullok, Canon of the Cathedral ChurchView result

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Starz;The CW; AMC
Starz;The CW; AMC
And now the poll you've all been waiting for.
We've already spent a lot of time this season narrowing down our favorite primetime couples, but is there really any better way to spend our time?
The 100's Clarke and Lexa won our TV's Top Couple poll earlier this year. This time, we're not doing it tournament style. It's every man or woman or both or neither for themselves, and it's all about the vote.
Last year's top prize went to Arrow's Oliver and Felicity, with Outlander's Jamie and Claire close behind, and there were similar results in the race for Sexiest Moment, where Oliver and Felicity's "first time" beat out Claire and Jamie's second time. Who will prevail this time? Will a new pair of challengers rise to the occasion?
Only time (and lots and lots of voting) will tell.
You can start voting now, and vote as many times as you want until voting for all polls closes on Monday, July 4 at 5 p.m. PT. We'll only be counting the votes made in the official poll, but be sure to rally support for your show with the hashtag #TVScoopAwards.
Happy voting!
The polls have now closed. Thanks for voting!


text:
MN SNAP services
While MN SNAP services aren't free, they're deeply subsidized thanks to our generous donors.
Wondering how much surgery costs? Curious how to schedule your pet for surgery?
Find these and additional answers to your questions in the links below:
Schedule SurgeryClinic Calendar
I am a pet owner and would like to learn more.
I represent a 501(c)(3) rescue or shelter and would like to learn more.
I take care of feral cats and would like to learn more.


text:
Friday, lunch/snack: grilled chicken strips, pre-cooked, w/ bread and cheese.
dinner: meat onna stick, couscous, squash
Saturday, breakfast: cobbler
lunch: hash, eggs
dinner: beef stew w/ bread
Sunday: Leftovers
Random other food:
brats (possibly, not my dept. regardless)
melon balls (funny watermelon)
english muffins, Elinor do you need open flame or will charcoal do?
bread (not sure if this is my buy or Bridget's)
I'm bringing along the coleman stove for caffienation purposes, so if anyone has something they want / need we have two cook surfaces.


text:
You will need the following items for this spell:
- None
An article about shielding.
Casting Instructions for 'Shields'
- Wall: Literall a hard shell protection. Simply visualize the shields solidifing around you creating an inpenatrable wall closing you in and keeping you safe.
- Reflective: A lighter shield this shield must stay fluid the energyies constantly fluid while the outer surface takes on a mirrored look causing any energy to hit it be reflected out and away from you.
- Transmutative: This shield while still a protection around you the bubble forms alomost a black hole exterior that when attacked simply absorbs the energy and uses it to fuel itself. This is normally used as a supplemental shield underneath a larger stronger barrier.** This is highly advanced I strongly suggest getting detailed instruction from myself or someone knowledgable before using this type.**
|Print Spell
|Mark this spell as Spam
Please report any violations of copyright via our contact page.
* All information on this page is provided by the coven or person named and the contents of this page is not mediated by the administrators of the website. Please use common sense when following any directions on this page. Do not ingest anything which does not seem safe. If you suspect the content of this page to be intentionally deceiving please contact us immediately.


text:
The application is 100% authentic and works without any problems. This Grepolis Cheat engine is the key cheat to give you endless resources and funds.
Be a superstar in the game with the help of Grepolis Cheat hack. This is the perfect hack tool to help you change the game for the ultimate domination. As soon as you load the game, open program and the Grepolis Cheat engine will scan the files to search for parameters that you may replace at your advantage, giving you better power over other gamers.
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The Grepolis Cheat itself is repeatedly updated to support all the latest patches and security issues, so that you won't encounter any problems in using this engine. The support staff is ready to answer any concerns and resolve bug reports as quickly as possible.
The Grepolis Cheat has been scanned by most popular antivirus programs and tested by special selected beta testers.
Get a hold of Grepolis Cheat now to rule the game and create yourself into a star!


text:
Our Mission
Alt-E Fund is working to change the funding landscape for basic clean energy research by harnessing the passion of millions of citizens to vote with their wallet and provide the needed funds to enable this crucial research. This is a critical step in creating the non-carbon emitting technologies that will prevent catastrophic climate change. Our basic model for change is shown in the graphic below.


text: At B&B Villa Cristina, you'll be 2.8 mi (4.4 km) from Greek Theatre and 2.9 mi (4.6 km) from Lido Mazzaro. The restaurant is the perfect spot for a bite to eat, and after having fun at the seasonal outdoor pool, you can unwind with a drink at the pool bar. A spa tub and a terrace are other highlights, and all rooms offer balconies and flat-screen TVs.


text:
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