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Well it is right about that time of year when I start to get antsy to be out in the soil. I love gardening – I love being able to be out there in the fresh air, I love that it gives me something to do with my kids, and I really just get this incredible rush from seeing the sprouts poke their heads up out of the soil.
Tag: family
Children and Watching TV – Update!
So it is now Thursday. As you read in my previous post – Children and Watching TV – What I did – I cut off the TV completely on Monday and took it out of the room. It has been quietly sitting in a lonely corner next to the treadmill (which I DID use today, by the way).
Children and Watching TV… What I Did
So for many years I've always thought my kids were too dependent on TV. My husband and I (like many) had lofty ideas about when we had children and watching TV. Both of us grew up without much TV available and were very imaginative and self-entertained as kids.
My experiment this week – living off my pantry
OK so I started an impromptu experiment this week. Given the fact that I live in the foothills of Mt Rainier now, and last time we had snow we had about 18 inches, I'd say it's safe to say I should be able to "hole up" and be comfy, right?
What's happened in the last few months
Well, so much has happened I should update all of that, at least the stuff I can remember. You know, it's kind of funny because I remember thinking quite often "I need to blog this!" but I just never had the time. I heard it said by another woman who made the swap from working mother to stay home mother that one of the things that bothered her the most was that her job and employer got her at her best… and her family got what was left over. I agree with that statement wholeheartedly. Some women are cut out to be working mothers, but I was never very good at it. By the time I got home, I was tired and was not interactive with the kids. As I've mentioned before, housework was constantly piled up. If one of my children was sick, I would fret all day because I wanted to be the one caring for them, but I had to be at work. Not only that, but my job entailed taking the occasional verbal abuse from a customer because of an issue that needed to be resolved. Some days were worse than others. There's nothing quite like going to work all day long, listening to people berate you over things you have no control over (and quite frankly, were most of the time their own fault), then come home to a dirty kitchen, sit with your kids in an exhausted silence for an hour while they watch TV, put them to bed, sit in your own exhausted silence for a little while longer, then go to bed. Many of my days were like that. There's no health to a life like that – there's no "life" to a life like that.
Staying home with the kids
The other day, my mother emailed me and sent me a link to a post I made about a year & half ago to here. It was interesting to read that. The last two years were difficult for me in many ways but there are always bright spots. As a result of being in daycare for the last few year, the girls have stronger immune systems and are socialized well. We were blessed with a wonderful daycare that taught Godly principles and so my girls came home with few bad habits.
And she's back!
Well yes I know it has been just MONTHS since I posted but I have some very very good news. A lot has happened in the last few months, the most significant of which is that my husband has gotten a job which allows me to be a stay-home mom. It wasn't the job up by our property, we actually had to relocate to the Seattle area, but it is definitely a step in the right direction! We moved at the beginning of September and have been staying at my parents house until our new home is ready.
Garden & Kids 4/25
Well you know me, I like to post pics. No real news here, just some pictures from this afternoon.
Cheep Cheep!
Last weekend we had planned a trip up on Saturday to the property to go visit Grammie and Papa. As you remember, I had spent the afternoon the week before with my mom building a chicken tractor of sorts for her new chicks. She only got a few at the time and so suggested that I take the girls to the feed store that's right down the street and get some more chicks, since they were supposed to get some sexed laying pullets in.
5-year plan update
I've got a couple blog posts to do here tonight or in the next few days so bear with me, but I'll try and keep it somewhat topical.


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There is a recognised problem (in a number of threads) that NBT supply can easily grow to meet demand, but there is not a symmetric mechanism for burning of NBT when demand falls. The current mechanism of parking temporarily removes supply but only exacerbates the increase in supply later, which is widely seen as a potential flaw.
Is it possible that custodians can also be delegated the power to buy NBT and burn it if supply exceeds demand, a symmetry to their ability to sell newly created supply if demand exceeds supply? To do this they would need to keep the funds raised from sales in a reserve (for buying and burning as required) rather than distributing it quickly to shareholders. Instead shareholders could receive a regular small percentage of this reserve over time for supporting the NBT peg. When required, part of the reserve would be used to burn NBT.
As a custodian might build quite a large pool by holding this back, there would need to be ways to ensure the honesty of the custodians with these funds (e.g. multi-sig, re-allocation to other custodians etc) and ensure they are held in a way as to not be too volatile.
Admittedly I raised this idea in another thread, here http://discuss.nubits.com/t/new-mechanism-to-reduce-nbt-supply-nbt-burning/348/58, but that thread has not seen a response in a couple of days, so thought I would summarise the idea more succinctly.
That's an interesting idea. I guess it's feasible to instruct custodians to burn NBT with their reserve. However, I am not a big fan of the notion the custodians should hold such reserves in the first place. My reasoning is it'll mean better control for the peg true but very very low reward for shares holders since they only get a fraction of what has been sold of NBT by custodians .. There arise earl topics out there promoting the holding of a reserve on the custodial side to be used a buy support. In an ideal world that would work as it'd be a completely balanced system if for every sold NBT we had a reserve to buy it back .. But the world isn't ideal .. other cryptos (BTC) fluctuates rapidly and. A reserve today for 1BTC might be worth less that it would be in a week .. And since we're holding a peg of $1 not 1BTC , the reserve would actually take a hit if the price of BTC falls rapidly since we won't have enough BTC to hold the peg. Another issue is the centralization of control. The more and more I read about custodians duties and privileges, the more centralized I feel the system is going to be. Sure they are voted on by the public but custodians have no financial risk nor obligation that forces them to work in the best interest f the network. He k a custodian could just run away with free NBT from his grant and we wouldn't be able to do anything nor would he be hurt even in reputation if he uses a pseudo name like most custodians are doing if you read the proposals being thrown on the forums these days.
The notion of custodians has been bugging me a lot and keeping me sleepless .. I proposed control over the supply of NBT to be done completely in a decentralized fashion without the need of custodians and major trust we have to put in the hands of few. You cane read the proposal here : http://discuss.nubits.com/t/proposal-true-decentralization-nu-to-eliminate-the-need-for-human-custodians/386/1
That propasal addresses how supply of NBT should be distributed to an open and free market Ina a manner that doesn't require trusting third party . It suggests that the protocol would do handle the distribution of newly created NBT to entities that would gladly put themselves at a financial risk by ,in essence, "purchasing NBT from the network" and it would be in their best financial interest to sell it to the market and therefore increasing the supply of NBT in the open market. It is also done In a manner that provides a floor to where the price would fall to by assuming the purchasers are rational people that won't be selling for a loss if they can make a profit.
That's for a supply increase issue and the elimination of custodians as middlemen ... As for the supply reduction , I've already put together a proposal for that here : http://discuss.nubits.com/t/proposal-solution-to-the-problems-of-asymmetrical-control-in-nubits/335
I hope I didn't come off as a know it all guy lol .. I'm just sleepy and can't sleep cause of thinking about the future of nubits .. Would love to hear your thoughts on both topics if you have a chance to read them by the way
A custodian who keeps their NBT off the market (or properly placed on the sell wall) has the same effect as a custodian who burns their NBT. I don't think this really changes much.
Chronos, I don't think it is the same impact. The maximum NBT a custodian can withhold from the market is the unsold portion of the newly created NBT. It cannot reduce supply beyond that baseline if needed, as shareholders have already taken a good chuck of the past sale proceeds. Being able to use the accumulated proceeds of past sales allows the entire new supply to be eradicated if that is what is required.
Indigoman, thanks for reply. Here are some contrasting views, although we are dealing with complex dynamics so I'm open to changing them.
It is impossible, especially at an early stage, to predict how much demand could fall at any point in the future and for how long. The only way to ensure the peg is to have an ability to remove as much supply as needed and for as long as required. Otherwise the buy-walls can always be depleted and the peg will break.
We agree that parking and paying interest in NBT will not achieve the desired protection. If the market perceives that spiralling interest rates become meaninglessly high, the system looks broken, they will eventually sell and break the peg.
Your idea of paying Nushares to burn NBT is interesting, but I think in the end if there is a demand shock for NBT (reflecting say that a smaller weight of capital has confidence in the ability to maintain the peg) then Nushares will not be attractive to the sellers either. They see NuShares as having limited growth, potential large dilution, and losses from the last attempt to maintain the peg (as they buy up NBT from their custodian reserves). This part of the market still sells NBT and breaks the peg.
What would instil confidence in my view is if the bulk of all sale proceeds were available to buy and burn NBT as required. This would be capable of reducing supply down to the level where the supply is less than the weight of the market maintaining confidence in the peg. I accept there would be volatility in the reserve, but its better than no reserve at all.
I think it is highly ambitious for shareholders to think they can keep most of the proceeds of NBT sales as you suggest. The value shareholders provide is building a system people can trust, not in selling a product that cannot be sustained. Paying a dividend from reserves each year is much more reasonable, similar to an insurer.
@Jonza You're right. I did not notice that your proposal included a reserve fund that would enable extra purchasing power for NBT burning.
Hm, but isn't this functionally equivalent to keeping funds raised from sales on the buy side of the peg at all times?
I agree that it is equivalent if (i) nearly all proceeds are retained for this purpose, rather than being passed to shareholders as a dividend, and (ii) it can be guaranteed that when the buy orders are hit the NBT purchased will never hit the sell queue below the peg - which is the current policy but hard to enforce.
Consider for (i) that NBT has grown to a supply of 5bn at some point. Under the current approach, Kiara Tamm (and similarly other custodians) pays out 10% of sales per period as dividends. After a fairly short number of periods, most of the new supply has been paid out as dividends. So at some point down the track Kiara's buy wall is limited to a fraction of the outstanding supply. I guess the essence of what I'm saying is much more needs to be retained in reserve. (Of course the protections around those reserves are more important the bigger they are.)
In fact, the ultimate would be if shareholders were not paid at all from NBT sales (the entire amount kept in reserve), and only paid from value added in the system as it expands (creating coins from nothing is not really a value-add). As one example, all profits from the bid-ask spread on maintaining the peg could be distributed. This is understandably far less palatable to many shareholders with a shorter term view. Because of volatility in the reserve it still does not guarantee the peg unless held in fiat USD (the underlying), but its the maximum robustness that can be achieved.
In the end it is the judgment call of shareholders as to how robust they feel they need the system to be attract newcomers as well as to maintain the peg through market extremes. The above merely represents my judgment, which clearly lies at the end of highest robustness possible to avoid future disappointment.
This is exactly what I hope the way of Nu will be.Nu can't afford to operate the NuBits on fractional reserve. This would undermine the trust in a system that is not backed by law, force, military. Nu needs a sustainable concept.Paying dividends from real revenue (and not from creating NuBits out of thin air) is what is required to develop a system that is in economical ways sustainable!
The ultimate risk is human weakness, especially when voting power is decentralized and the for-profit crowd become the majority share holders.
I think I'm generally skeptical of any solutions that involve a centralized reserve fund, if there are other options. It's simply too vulnerable to theft, misuse, accidental loss, confiscation, etc.
Along those lines, I'm always interested in ideas for mechanisms that completely eliminate the need for custodians.
That's indeed one problem that needs to be solved when trying to keep one USD available for each NBT that has been sold. Nevertheless I cherish the idea of being able to stand a bank run.But maybe I focus on the wrong aspect or the wrong time of NuBits' existence.The level of trust that NuBits need to be accepted might not depend on the ability to buy each NBT back. It should be sufficient to buy those NuBits back that people want to change back to USD. And that ratio should be far below 100% as long as NuBits is not obsolete.
The longer I think about that the more I come to the conclusion that it might be not necessary to have a reserve fund with 1 USD for each NBT that has been emitted.
There are several schools of thought being discussed here.
What many people above are proposing is a duplication of the profit structure used by rewards-points companies like Air Miles. In those businesses, points are "sold" to customers, and then "redeemed" by a certain percentage of customers. For many of these businesses, the bulk of profit comes from loss/unused points.
So for example if Air Miles "sells" 100 points to customers, but only 60 are redeemed (the other 40 are ignored, forgotten about, or lost), Air Miles banks the profit on those 40 unused points.
This example is overly simplistic of course, but it gives an interesting philosophical parallel. What I'm hearing from some people above is that we should only be converting NuBits that will never be redeemed (the "loss" or shrinkage) to dividends to ensure 100% coverage of NBT. And perhaps looking at other alternative revenue streams like transaction fees.
The flip-side, and the current system view that I subscribe to is exactly how MoD pondered:
This is how Jordan envisions the system handling static or increasing aggregate demand. Because there is no real reason to speculate on the value of an individual NuBit (it should always be $1.00 US), it's unlikely a "run on the bank" will occur in the absence of a major crisis - think NuBits being declared illegal, or a massive coding flaw is discovered. And in the event a superior competitor comes along with an innovation that can't be voted and included into Nu, speculators will largely take the brunt of the damage. This design is slightly riskier, but far more decentralized.
Despite my argument for greater robustness, I can empathise with this view. In addition, cryptos do have value in their own right without any asset or reserve backing, that is derived from its value in use. So maybe you are right that it is possible to operate on fractional backing for potentially a long time as long as the demand trend is static or rising, though it is a calculated risk.
A policy of permanently reserving some sale proceeds may still be required at some stage down the track. I believe the reserves available for buy-side liquidity, as a percentage of total outstanding supply, must head asymptotically toward zero as NBT sale proceeds are distributed, unless at some stage a certain portion of all future NBT sales is held in permanent reserve. If this were not done at some point, the buy walls would look increasingly thin in comparison to outstanding supply.
I still worry the end-game would be harsh for the final holders (with a potentially sudden and severe loss of value), when relative usefulness declines and demand falls. Perhaps a more controlled exit solution will be found well before then. It makes me cautious about whether to use NuBits though, because I don't know where the end-game is.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Marcio R. da Silva: >I'm trying to import a file using the name stored in a variable. For example: > > r = "module" > import r > >I know this didn't work, but I would like to know how I can do this. I >need to create a module "on the fly" and use it in my program. See __import__ on http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/built-in-funcs.html -- René Pijlman


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News & Articles
Recollections of Squatting in Victoria 1841-1851
How exciting is this!
Researching early history books and the internet reveals numerous references to herbaceous or succulent plants being critical to early inland explorers and their survival in these arid areas.
The earliest drovers and squatters would also do similar, and for their animals, as any plant with soft juicy leaves or stems were preferred.
Edward M. Curr in his memoir 'Recollections of Squatting in Victoria 1841-1851' says, 'The plain for the thirty miles we followed it, from the Campaspe to Mount Hope, was one bed of ripe fruit, some juicy and some dried like raisins. As often, however, as I crossed the same country afterwards, I never again saw the pigs' faces ripe, so that I fancy that they only came to maturity in exceptional years. The plant is now nearly, if not quite, extinct in that locality.' .......possibly over-grazed and trampled out.
Previous page: Events Calendar
Next page: Discaria


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Let's do it together!
Buy: a bag or two of small wrapped candy bars (not the vacuum sealed kind – the wrapped in foil-lined paper kind), and 5-10 candy bars, books or other "big" prizes.
Print: the Wonka Tickets on yellow/gold paper.
Put: 5-10 Wonka tickets inside 5-10 special small candy bars. You will have to fold them up and possibly reseal the small candy bars.
Get: a beautiful bowl to house all of the little candy bars – keep it visible but not reachable!
Cut: the rest of the Wonka Tickets out and put them in a secure baggie hidden from view.
You can also see more pictures and ideas for what Wonka Week can look like in your classroom at my blog posts here and here.
Happy Wonka Week!


text: An easy way to kill slugs is by trying a commercial product for killing them, that isn't harmful to children or animals. You can also pour a saucer of beer to use as slug bait, because the beer will kill them. There are lots of different ways to kill slugs. For more information look here:


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Get your 2017 Special Conservation Edition Goose Call
As Canada celebrates its 150th , Wildlife Habitat Canada (WHC) and Capital Waterfowling Inc. (CW) are joining forces to highlight Canadian conservation efforts and the centennial anniversary of the Migratory Bird Convention Act.
A limited edition, Canadian-made goose call is now available for purchase. For every call sold, CW will donate a portion of the proceeds to WHC in support of habitat conservation projects and waterfowl hunter education and recruitment in Canada.
Click here to read the press release
Click here to purchase your goose call
We thank you for your continued support in our conservation efforts.


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Category Archives: Free Music
August 10, 2014
New Mixtape: Power = Power
Noisey/VICE Premieres The Soul Rebels' Power = Power Mixtape Featuring Remixes, Live Recordings and Covers of Jay-Z, Daft Punk, Drake, Bruno Mars, Nicki Minaj, Kanye West and More. PLUS Behind The Scenes Video Premiere: The Soul Rebels x Rick Ross In November Vibe premiere our […]
September 26, 2013
The Soul Rebels + Big Freedia + Daft Punk = Get Lucky Remix
In honor of Big Freedia's accomplishment of setting the Twerking Guinness World Record, here is a leaked track from our new hot Mixtape. AVAILABLE FOR FREE DECEMBER 3rd, 2013 The Soul Rebels- Get Lucky Ft. Big Freedia (Gypsyphonic Bounce Remix)


text: Casa Bonita Villas is conveniently located in the popular Uluwatu area. The property features a wide range of facilities to make your stay a pleasant experience. To be found at the hotel are free Wi-Fi in all rooms, express check-in/check-out, luggage storage, Wi-Fi in public areas, car park. Some of the well-appointed guestrooms feature internet access - wireless, private pool, internet access - wireless (complimentary), non smoking rooms, air conditioning. Entertain the hotel's recreational facilities, including fitness center, sauna, outdoor pool, billiards, garden. Discover all Bali has to offer by making Casa Bonita Villas your base.


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After I was finally able to get the N4's into my shopping cart, I couldn't get past the
"Due to high demand, your order could not be processed. Please try again later." error..
Found the solution on XDA:
"You need to tab to the proceed button. In Chrome, the active control/button/link is highlighted with a yellow border. Just tab until you see the proceed button highlighted. Once you see that it is highlighted, the Enter key on your keyboard will function as a click of the mouse. Holding it down will function as a SPAM of clicks. LOL."
I put a 3 hole punch on the enter key and in less than 5 minutes the Google Wallet window popped up ...
Yeah !!


text: Hey ppl, i was wondering how much u think i could o.c my cpu, any ideas on how to get it to go past 1ghz?? I overclockin my p3 933 the other day and the most i could get it to go up to was 980 mhz using EasyTune III which was supplied on the motherboard's installation cd. I'm using a Socket 370 Gigabyte GA-6VXE7+ motherboard. EasyTune goes from 933mhz straight to 980mhz then straight to 1080 mhz or something close to that. I tried changing the jumpers on the mobo to set it for a 1ghz cpu but i got an error screen saying: "IRQ NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL" After this i changed back to 980mhz and everything seemed ok, does anyone know what i could do o'c my p3 to 1 ghz?? Thanks in advance


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Font Awesome icon usage statistics
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- PARAMOUNT-LAND.COM includes "http://www.paramount-land.com/font-awesome-4.1.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" to use Font Awesome and information from CSS is like below.
/*! * Font Awesome 4.1.0 by @davegandy - http://fontawesome.io - @fontawesome * License - http://fontawesome.io/license (Font: SIL OFL 1.1, CSS: MIT License) */


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Herbal Remedies:
While I admit that I've never been fully comfortable with giving my child something to help him calm down, there are days, and some nights that I feel it's warranted.
Here I'll discuss the success and failures of using some herbal remedies to help my intense child calm down a little or relax a bit and sometimes to help him sleep (unwind).
One of the successes I have had is with Melatonin. This has also been a failure. With Dervish it works like a miracle drug but with The Girl, it seems to have the opposite to the desired effect – this could be because of her age or it could be that she is immune to the placebo effect of these things. I don't give my children anything without telling them what it's for so it's possible that Dervish accepts that melatonin will help him fall asleep. However, given that the placebo effect is unsuccessful with things like over the counter cold medications, stomach ache medicines and the like, I'm doubtful that it holds much power – aside from that, Dervish is NOT one who is easily swayed by suggestion.


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Guidelines For A Perfect Pasadena Dumpster Rental Experience
Renting roll off dumpsters in Pasadena for your construction, reconstruction or clean-up project might be a whole lot more essential than you currently believe. Luckily, you've found this information, so you will know just what to accomplish in order to make certain you get the best possible results out from the dumpster rental services you pay for. The problem isa large number of people just don't understand why they have to to rent a dumpster and why the method must certainly be treated with the best focus on details.
Before we give away our useful tips we believe you need to first comprehend why it's so very important to get dumpster rentals in Pasadena, MD and for that motive we've put together a list of the forms of tasks that usually require waste elimination help.
The Many Utilizes Of Pasadena Dumpster Rental Support
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Often position light items first. By doing so, the heavier ones will reduce them and you will manage to fit more waste at exactly the same price – who not like saving money?
Be sure that whenever you get dumpster rentals in Pasadena the containers are placed in areas where they are easy to get at. Yes, it could be tempting to place it nearer to your home so you may take shorter trips, but you need certainly to think about the bigger picture here.
Talk to your dumpster rental provider about any issue you could have. Strong communication is key in regards to getting dumpster rental in Pasadena and you should only work with suppliers that seem like they will help you out along the way.


text: Hi all, I have a knocking noise that sounds like it is coming from the front right side. The suspension modifications on the front are: Ap coilovers Powerflex wishbone bushes front & back Whiteline 22mm ARB with poly bushes Custom Made droplinks (race rose joints and turnbuckles) Lemforder steering arms Top mounts & bearings I have no idea what is making the noise? This evening I jacked the car up and wobbled the wheels but there was no play that I could feel. Has anyone had this issue before? Martin


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Library of the History of Autism Research, Behaviorism & Psychiatry
The Treatment of Childhood Schizophrenia with LSD and UML
Biological Treatment of Mental Illness, Proceedings II of the International Conference of the Manfred Sakel Foundation 10/31-11/3/1962, 1966; 2(4):463-91
Two previous reports (4, 5) from the Children's Unit of the Creedmoor State Hospital have been made on the treatment of schizophrenic children with d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and a methylated derivative, 1-methyl lysergic acid butanolomide (methy-sergide-UML 491).
Starting in January 1961, we gave children, six to twelve years of age, under careful continuous observation, single doses of LSD at weekly and semi-weekly intervals and with increasing frequency, until it was evident that children could tolerate and benefit from daily doses up to 150 micrograms.
In general LSD and other psychotomimetics have been used therapeutically in a single dose at intervals of three days or more (1) to avoid tolerance. It was usually combined with psychotherapy and the desired psychotomimetic effect tends to diminish with tolerance, if the drug is repeated too frequently. The use of LSD in children has also been limited to this single-dose method (9). About 30 children so treated have been reported in the literature (4) and their acute reactions described. A subsequent change in behavior was reported in some cases.
UML, (Trade name Sansert, Sandoz) which is less of a psychotomimetic but a more effective serotonin inhibitor has been used as a preventative for migraine and other vascular headaches on a daily basis for three years or more (12). Sixty patients under twenty years, including twelve under ten years, have been treated in this way (10).
Rationale for Treatment with LSD and UML
Our interest in these drugs was due in part to their psychotomimetic effect, hoping thereby that the autistic defenses of schizophrenic children might be broken down. Of equal interest, on a theoretical basis, is the serotonin inhibiting effect and of greater interest is their effect on the autonomic and central nervous system. Brodie (6) has described the effects of LSD and other hallucinogenic agents as "arousal and increased responsiveness to sensory stimuli, preponderance of sympathetic activity and increased skeletal muscle tone and activity." Of particular interest is their tonic effect on the vascular bed especially of the brain, as has been shown with UML in vascular headaches (8). The known effects of these drugs on perception further increases¬ their interest in the treatment of schizophrenia (1).
Such drugs were of interest to us for the treatment of childhood schizophrenia since our definition of this condition is a disorder in maturation characterized by an embryonic primitive plasticity in all areas of integrative brain functioning from which behavior subsequently arises. This includes all autonomic functions, perception, emotion, intelligence. It was hoped that 'these drugs might prove some-what specific in modifying the basic process as well as the secondary symptoms. Autism is seen as a withdrawal or denial defense against disturbing sensations arising from disturbed autonomic function and perceptual function and anxiety in the young child with lagging and atypical maturation. It was hoped that this autism might be disrupted and that more normal autonomic functions in the vascular bed, brain, intestines, skin and other organs as well as in perception would permit more normal development.
A preliminary report (5) was made after six weeks of daily doses of 100 micrograms of LSD and three weeks of 6 mg of UML. A second report was made a year later. This report is concerned with 54 children, six to fifteen years of age, who have received LSD or UML for two to eighteen months with an overall average of nine months. Twenty-six children received LSD and twenty-eight UML. Some effort will be made to discuss the two drugs separately though the overall clinical effects were similar. The children were studied in the following groups:
I. Eleven prepuberty artistic boys receiving LSD.
Clinical Results
I. Autistic Prepuberty Boys Treated with LSD
A group of eleven boys, now seven to eleven and a half years of age, have received daily doses of 100 to 150 micrograms of LSD daily in two divided doses, for nine to eighteen months or an average of fifteen months.
As a brief description of these children it may be pointed out that before hospitalization all of these children had been examined by one or several professional workers in the community, and the diagnosis of autism and schizophrenia had been accepted. All these children and their parents had experienced considerably psychological psychotherapy, and all had had some form of physiological and pharmacological therapy in the hospital. The parents of this group of children were all adequate but could not keep the children at home becalm of the severity of the retarded, regressed, and disturbed behavior. The children were all without any useful language; some were completely mute; some had a few words they used occasionally, and the others had psychotic, noncommunicative language. None of these children were testable with any of the standard psychological tests nor would they perform any paper-pencil tests.
At the outset of the treatment, all were removed for at least a week from the medication that they then were receiving. Blood, urine, and liver function tests were done. Blood was also drawn for biochemical studies.
A Vineland Social Maturity Scale determination was made on each child with the help of ward personnel, teachers, and mothers ( Chart I). On this scale the estimated social maturity score ranged from 2-3 to 5-7 years, while their chronological ages ranged from 6-1 to 10-0 years. The range of the social maturity quotient was 32 to 60.
After six weeks the course of the children was evaluated as follows:
After five months of receiving LSD it was interrupted with four children for three months for a crossover to reserpine 1 mg. daily, or imipramine 20-40 mg. daily, for clinical and biochemical observations. This procedure was carried out with a portion of each series of children to a total of twelve children,
At the end of a year it was reported 'that no child showed evidence of side effects, toxicity or regression. All showed some type of response varying in degree and characteristics. There were definite changes in response to the environment, remarkable in these autistic children. They became gay, laughing frequently. They appeared more alert, aware, interested in watching other persons. Some showed changes in facial expression in appropriate reaction to situations for the first time. They were able to understand and follow directions more readily. This increase in awareness was noted by all observers, including families and was one of the most encouraging signs in these very withdrawn, regressed, unresponsive children. Ward personnel, teachers, parents were enthusiastic, describing the children as "more affectionate," "more aware," "more like human beings." There were no sleeping problems, though previously several had been unable to sleep without routine tranquilizing medication. Changes in speech and verbal communication were disappointingly few. However, understanding of language improved markedly though as yet we have not been able to find an objective measure for this. Several children did increase their vocabulary if they already spoke some and their speech was more communicative. Changes in scores on the Vineland still remained minimal.
Now, after eighteen months, during which time three boys received the medication continuously and the average for all of them was nine months, more decisive results have been recorded. Of the eleven boys, eight showed striking gains measurable on the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (Chart I) and observed clinically. The diagnosis of seven was considered definitely schizophrenia. They now have a chronological age of 6-10 to 11-5 years (average 9-2). They had LSD for nine to eighteen months (average fifteen months). Their gain in social age on the Vineland Social Maturity Scale was 0.6 years to 1.2 years (average 1.1 year).
One boy Ar., the youngest (6-1 years), seemed to have' improved sufficiently (eight points on Vineland S.Q. 74-80) to justify a Stanford Binet Test, but he still could not score on this test because he would not respond to test requirements. He gained speech, naming objects, counting, singing songs, was friendly and playful.
On the other hand, the quality and extent of the improvement in these boys seemed greater than that measured by the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. They are happy, friendly, their eating and toilet habits are better, They are bright-eyed, pink in cheek and they gain weight, their sleeping habits are good. None require any other medication. They have given up stereotyped motor play, use balls, tricycles, wagons to play, adapt to school activity and routine. They understand speech and all environmental patterns. One boy has done so well in every respect except to use vocal speech, that it is difficult for us to understand why. He was given electric convulsive treatment hoping it would stimulate speech as it sometimes does in young autistic children (Bender, 1955) (2) but it was not effectual although he became more independent and self-regulating.
The eighth child (AI) that improved was a known post-encephalitic whose development had been interrupted at one year with a measles encephalitis, Although nine years of age, his social age equivalent was nineteen months. He was a crying, irritable baby who could not feed himself, swallow solid food, or make any of his wants known. Autistic defenses seemed to play a role in his behavior. After three months on LSD treatment he became cheerful, friendly, ate well, indicated toilet needs, playful and cuddly and tried to speak. Thus it would appear that this drug is favorable also in autistic children whose autism has an organic basis.
Two other boys, Ho, eight and a half years, who received LSD continuously for eighteen months, and Har, age nine and a half for fifteen months, with a three months crossover to imipramine, have shown no significant improvement on the Vineland scores, maintaining a social age equivalent to about four to four and a half years each. However, there was clinical indication of slight, variable improvement in both of a kind that was seen in greater degree in other children. They became friendlier, sought contacts, cried less, attempted to play, had better eating habits and were enjoyed more on home visits. Similar improvement had not been observed in long periods before this.
The diagnosis in these two boys was always uncertain. ' Neither had a family history of schizophrenia. The home life was good and mothers were interested. One mother was toxemic in this her only pregnancy. The other child showed mild multiple congenital defects (head circumference 18) in., simian hands, strabismus). The mother of Han asked for electric convulsive treatment since he seemed about to improve more.
One boy (Wa) now ten years of age, was placed on LSD at eight and a half years. After six months of initial improvement, he was restless, irritable and more withdrawn. Reserpine was added without benefit, the LSD and reserpine discontinued; he was given subshock insulin treatment. He continued to regress socially, in eating, toilet habits, and independent self-care with a drop in the Vineland Social Maturity quotient from 60 to 30, speech echolalic. For a while at the age of six he had used language to communicate and could name objects. He had then been testable on Stanford Binet and Merrill-Palmer, scoring an M.A. of 2-4 (S.B.) and 2-10 (M.P.). Now at the age of ten he scores an M.A. of three years. There is no indication that the diagnosis is other than schizophrenia. The regression appears to be related to the schizophrenia and not the drug.
One might summarize by saying that autistic schizophrenic or brain-damaged children when treated with LSD are less anxious, less autistic, less plastic, tend to relate better and in general to act like more concrete, less disturbed, retarded children. The most favorable response in the youngest child is encouraging in the future selection of cases for treatment. Also the partial success achieved in non-vocal children who mature in every way, including the understanding of speech, but remain non-vocal, is a challenge to find additional approaches which may still prove more successful. We still have not done all that might be done in studying changes in the autonomic nervous functions.
II. Autistic Prepuberty Boys Treated with UML
Seven autistic prepuberty boys have been treated with UML. They received one and a half space tablets twice a day, a daily dose of 12 mg. This is an accepted average dose for adults with migraine headache. They have continued the medication daily from two to fifteen months (average ten months), four had three months crossover with imipramine or reserpine.
Their age range is 7-1 to 11-9. The oldest (11-9) was also the sickest and most disturbed. His medication was carried on only two months and was discontinued more because of the mother's anxiety. His disturbed, anxious and bizarre symptoms seemed to be exaggerated during the medication while the child seemed in better contact.
The other children all improved markedly. However, UML was associated with some known side effects. One boy (age 8-3 years, with nine months of UML) had muscular spasms and vasomotor changes with episodes of cyanosis in the legs. It was his habit to sit on his crossed legs on the floor, rocking by the hour, which seemed to contribute to the unfavorable circulation in his legs and certainly made It more painful both for the child and onlooker.
Aside from this reaction, which at first was of brief duration but finally necessitated interruption of the medicine, he improved dramatically. His behavior was originally stereotyped, out of contact, a sing-song gibberish, soiling, wetting. He became able to care for himself, toilet trained, speaking meaningfully though rather narcissistic, as "Poor little Ralph, his foot hurts." Coordination improved. He understood the environment, responded to requests such as "Get off the floor. Sit on a chair." He became more of a person. His mother was jubilant. Improvement has been maintained without further medication.
One severely regressed nine-year-old boy, who was self-mutilating, beating his head, face and nose until he had broken his nose and had cauliflower ears, improved sufficiently to stop the self-beating except for an occasional gesture when he felt frustrated. He required no other medication,
One boy of ten years has been scorable on Stanford Binet tests. At 4-6 years he scored 2-7 years; at 7-1 years he scored 4-5 years. Now at 10-3 years, he scores 4-5 years. This is after fourteen months of UML. The psychologist notes that he functions as an "essentially concrete boy" and that his principal gain has been in his ability to verbalize more appropriately and more meaningfully.
On the ward it is noted that he has improved steadily especially in speech and was able to go to a special camp for the summer and return to the ward and tell about his camp experiences. General habit patterning, i.e., feeding and dressing himself and toilet training, improved.
The general reaction of the children was the same to UML and LSD. However, there were more autonomic nervous system effects to UML, which were sometimes unfavorable. There seem to have been more leveling off of bizarre symptoms such as self-flagellation with UML, but this may have been a matter of selection of patients. There was sufficient evidence of considerable improvement at a social clinical level, with the need for more specific studies in autonomic nervous system responses.
III. Prepuberty Autistic Girls
The number of prepuberty girls referred to a children's unit like the one at Creedmoor, is always much less than the number of boys. It has been well documented (3, 11) that the incidence in prepuberty schizophrenia in girls is much lower than in boys. It was not possible therefore to treat any equal number of young girls with a similar clinical picture as were selected amongst boys.
a) Treatment with LSD
Three girls were treated with LSD at the same time as the first group of boys. They were Bo (7-11 years), Mo (9-3 years) and Ro (7-8 years). Two received 150 micro-grams of LSD daily for eighteen months. The third one (Mo) was interrupted after fourteen months of medication to receive insulin treatment, as she regressed in behavior and was losing weight (two pounds in one year). None of these three girls showed any progress in maturation or social maturity that could be scored on the Vineland Scale (see Chart II). However, two of them seemed brighter, gayer, improved in color and weight gain and eating and toilet habits. One (Bo) became too active and was aggressive with other children, and reserpine was added to her medication effectively.
b) Treatment with UML
Eight other girls, 6-1 to 9-4 years of age (average 8.2) were given UML, five receiving 12 mg. daily for twelve months to the present time. Only one of this group (Si) was considered schizophrenic. The rest were suffering from various types of organic brain disorders and congenital developmental defects. Little or no change was seen in this group of girls except that the group as a whole got along with little additional medication. Three were discontinued after two months and given reserpine and two had reserpine added to control overactivity. One girl had some muscle spasms in the legs, otherwise there were no side effects. These results only emphasize that deviate development in girls is less common, but when it is sufficiently severe to lead to hospitalization, the girls are, less amenable to treatment than boys, where maturational lagging is an important feature.
IV. Chronic Autistic Postpuberty Boys
A group of eleven boys were involved in the treatment program. These were chronically ill, autistic, regressed boys twelve to fifteen years of age, who were considered more severely ill than the younger, similar group. They had been ill all their lives, had been in the Children's Unit three to six years and had not responded to any treatment method. Five were placed on LSD and six on UML, for nine to fourteen months.
Early in the treatment they showed responses similar to the young autistic children with excitability, overactivity, flushing, frequent laughing, and attempts to contact others by biting and pinching. There appeared to be an increase in their usual behavior patterns such as climbing, compulsive ball bouncing, repetitive rocking and pacing motility. One boy, who had been occasionally verbal, has shown a definite increase in verbalization and appropriate speech, dealing mostly with food and meal times. His eating habits have also improved. Fleeting attempts to contact and approach adults have been noted in some of these boys for the first time. In general, they have all shown reactions which we have come to recognize as typical responses of autistic children to these medications but to a lesser extent than the younger group. They have received reserpine for excessive biting or pinching. None of these boys were testable on standard psychometric tests, and none showed scorable improvement on the Vineland scale.
However, except for reserpine, and dilantin for one boy with occasional convulsions, none of these boys required other medication. Their sleeping pattern was good. None showed side effects from the UML. It should be emphasized that these drugs readily replace other tranquilizers and sedatives in the ward management of a group of boys like this and do not make them groggy and sleepy as the other drugs do. Organic features such as convulsions are not contra-indications.
V. Verbal, Psychotic Preadolescent Boys
A group of twelve schizophrenic boys, eight to twelve years of age, have been on the treatment program for a year. Nine boys received UML (one and a half space tablets twice a day, a total of 12 mg.) for two to twelve months, and three boys received LSD (150 micrograms in two divided doses) three to five months. All of these boys were testable on standard psychological tests, all had at-tended public schools with more or less success and all were verbal and responding to the environment.
They showed considerable pathology in behavior. Some were clinging and dependent on adults while avoiding their peers with whom they could not identify. Some were negative, hostile, aggressive, moody, anxious. They described terrifying dreams and anxious fantasies. They were especially preoccupied with body image disturbances, flying or space fantasies, death threats to themselves or parents, introjected voices, identification confusion. Most of the boys showed irregular or sighing respiration, rapid irregular pulse, pallor with blue lips, moist hands, whirling on the longitudinal axis in response to the neck-righting postural test.
These boys had been on other medication which was discontinued a week before the UML or LSD was started. When they received a phenothiazine, they were often sleepy, especially in the afternoon in school. They were never sleepy with UML or LSD and expressed preference for these drugs for this reason, None of them was ever a management problem requiring additional medication. They slept normally at night.
None of these boys received psychotherapy with the medication, although all had interviews at intervals by the authors. Their school and activity program continued as usual, with reports from teachers.
Where parents were available, the boys made their usual weekend and holiday visits at home.
Six boys were discharged to the families on convalescent care. Four of these with cooperative families improved steadily reporting to us for after care and making adequate school adjustments although one was in a low IQ class. Two returned to the hospital duo more to the inadequacy of a single parent (mother) than to the boys' faults.
Dramatic changes were noted in the handling of fantasy material in interviews during the period of medication. Bizarre fantasies experienced in the first interview were explained by saying, "I was sick then" or "I was acting crazy like a cartoon"; or the fantasies were experienced only in nocturnal dreams or accounted for as derived from the television or comic books and science fiction. Paranoid attitudes found expression in reality situations such as abuse from other patients or neglect by parents, anxiety and depression explained by their hospitalization and real family problems. Body sensations were described as hypochondriacal complaints rather than bizarre body image distortions. Introjected voices and objects were no longer experienced. They appeared to have developed rationalized or denial defenses with considerable insight of an adult type.
We discontinued one boy (Wm.) where depression with a paroxysmal EEG dominated the picture, although a marked improvement occurred in intellectual organization and motivation with an eight point rise in IQ. On benzedrine for six months, the IQ fell off six points in performance, the boy was less depressed but more irritable.
Of the twelve boys in this group, about half received two psychological examinations,(fn 1) the first when the LSD and UML program was started, the second three months later. The remainder of the group had a third examination approximately six months after institution of the program. The test battery consisted of the Rorschach Test, the Human Figure drawing, and the Bender-Gestalt test, and educational achievement tests. Recently, we have reexamined children still available to us with a more complete battery of psychological tests including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). This present testing follows the initial repeat examination by about one year (See Chart III).
Analysis of the changes which occurred between the several examinations indicated considerable variability within the group. Four boys (Br., Ha., Pi., Sh.) demonstrated noticeable or marked shift in Rorschach response between original and repeat examinations. Of this group three children show similar patterns of change consisting of 1) a decrease in personalized thinking and in responses expressive of morbid body preoccupation; 2) an inhibition of uncontrolled color responses such as "fire" and "blood"; 3) improved accuracy of perception and gradual development of human figure percepts.
One child (Pi) in this group demonstrated decreased; fluidity in thinking as well as a decrease in color description. type of response. However, in this child, there was some evidence of a shift from immature types of reaction (confabulations, dark shading reactions) to more deviant, individualized responses.
Three of the children (Sh, Ha, Br.) who showed improvement in Rorschach response, were among those recently reexamined. Two of these children demonstrated substantial gain in WISC IQ (thirteen and nine points in full scale IQs). While the gains were noted in both verbal and performance areas, they were more marked on the latter, and an analysis of subtest patterns indicated that the gains were not simply practice effect. (All three children, for example, demonstrated marked gain on the picture completion test, a test which may require visual alertness). At the same time it should be noted that there was some regression in quality of Rorschach response, but not to the level of the initial examination.
If it is possible to generalize from the small number of children in this phase of the study, the following statements may be made: 1) improvements were noted in children who were initially characterized by average, or near average intelligence, strong feeling (color) reactions, and the presence of individualized thinking and fantasy. Paradoxically, it appeared that it was in the area of thinking disorder that improvement was most marked. 2) such changes as were noted occurred early in the treatment program, that is, within the three month period from institution of the study to the initial repeat examination. 3) most of the gains were maintained over the longer period (now about one and a half years), although there may be some fluctuation in general level of response.
In two other children (He, Wm.) we fail to note significant changes on any of the tests, with the exception of the human figure drawings. The changes were, however, marked in degree. Whereas the initial productions made use of crude oval forms, were drawn full face, and demonstrated a great deal of anxiety in line quality, the later efforts demonstrated greater maturity and control. Both children, however, gave meager, repetitious responses to the Rorschach. WISC results also indicated some limitation in endowment. While it is difficult to interpret the meaning of these changes, the almost spectacular nature of such change merits further study,
This group of boys showed considerable: and consistent effects from medication with UML or LSD daily for two to eleven months. Their behavior, ward management, school-room adjustment and progress at home changed favorably with less acting out and less disturbed behavior. They not only needed no other tranquilizing, sedative, or antidepressant medication, but furthermore, unlike the tranquilizers which made them sleepy and groggy, they were generally cheerful and alert. Personnel and families noted the difference. Repeated psychiatric inter-views revealed a change in fantasy material which was loss bizarre, personalized or disturbing. Depressive, anxious and paranoid attitudes were focused on real objective problems. Insight was impressive. Intellectual changes, as seen in psychometric tests, indicated improved maturity, better organization and motivation with a rise in IQ which was reflected in improved school work. The Rorschach and drawing tests also showed increased maturity and control with clearer thinking. Studies of the autonomic functions were not made.
VI. Adolescent Schizophrenic Boys Treated with LSD
Two adolescent schizophrenic boys, ages fourteen and a half and fifteen and a half, received LSD for two and three and a half months. An initial dose of 100 micrograms i.m. was given while the boys were carefully observed. Their reaction was different from all the other prepuberty children or the postpuberty autistic children, but similar to reactions of adults described in the literature (3).
They became restless, giggling, anxious and labile, licking their lips. They looked at the examiners with distrust, saying we were playing tricks on them. They felt light inside, "no weight," "my arms feel different, too big." They tried to control themselves. They tried to play cards and draw. They gave up both endeavors. Drawing of the human figure be-came more primitive and fragmented. They spoke of perceptual experiences. A pencil looked like rubber. There were too many lines in the corduroy of their slacks. The other boy's lips looked funny, moving and green. Dirty lines on the walls were moving. Two hours seemed like fifteen minutes. They said, "You are cheating us out of time. You are trying to make us crazy, make us sad, make us do things." They tended to identify with each other against the examiners. Later one said, "You were making us see green monsters but we wouldn't toll you."
Nevertheless, they continued to take the medication orally in 75 microgram doses twice daily. These bizarre features were not mentioned again. The fourteen and a half year old showed gradual behavioral improvement and went home to his family in two months and has since made an adequate home and school adjustment.
The fifteen and a half year old has no family and has failed in many foster home adjustments. He was on the LSD for three and a half months. He was reported to be more outgoing and active but obnoxious in the schoolroom. It was discontinued because he complained that it was an experimental drug and would spoil his chances for getting out of the hospital.
It is realized that many of these observations are more impressionistic than definitive, but they do suggest the direction which subsequent studies should take indicating that LSD and UML, when given in these doses, can be tolerated daily for long periods with positive effects in general and some very specific ones.
Biochemical Studies
Two types of biochemical studies were made on these children: one on the effect of the LSD and UML on blood inorganic phosphates, and the other on the effect of the drugs on the level and uptake of serotonin and histamine. The children who were to receive LSD or UML were withdrawn from all medication for at least a week before they were started on the LSD or UML. Blood was always drawn in the morning before breakfast. The blood drawn before the start of medication served as a pre-drug control level. The blood was drawn at the end of the first, third, fourth, fifth and sixth week during the period of medication.
The same group of children were used to study the effects of reserpine and imipramine in a crossover study. For this purpose, the children were withdrawn from LSD or UML for a period of one month and then started on reserpine or imipramine.
In this study it was found that only LSD and UML in-creased the erythrocyte inorganic phosphate level significantly. Reserpine and imipramine in six children each, had no such effect. The increase in erythrocyte inorganic phosphates may be due to several factors. Some may be cited: 1) Decrease in oxidative phosphorylation; 2) Increase in phosphotase and ATP-ase activity; 3) Altered adrenocortical activity; and 4) Acidosis induced by metabolic factors. These are under further study.
The effect of a given single dose of LSD (100 micro-grams) both at the beginning and in the course of therapy over a few weeks was studied. The children who reacted with a rise in erythrocyte inorganic phosphates within one hour of the administration of LSD were investigated and it was found a single dose of LSD is less effective later in the period of study than in the beginning. While approximately 70% of the children showed an increase in the red blood cell (RBC) inorganic phosphate at the beginning of the study, only 29% showed an increase later. This may indicate tolerance to or decreased effectiveness of a given single dose of LSD in the later phase.
Sankar et al (14) have shown that the uptake of labeled serotonin by blood platelets from autistic schizophrenic children (in the Creedmoor State Hospital Children's Unit) was lower than that from non-schizophrenic hospitalized children. The blood content of serotonin was shown to be higher in autistic children by Schain and Freedman (15). This may also be due to a low metabolic rate of serotonin in these children.
From the present studies on these' children it was found that both LSD and UML increased the blood level of serotonin through the period of study. In almost every case the level of serotonin was higher after a week than before the administration of the drug. The increase persisted till the end of the study (23 days). In a previous study (13) a similar increase of blood serotonin levels and not in histamine (7) levels was found by us in the rabbit fifteen minutes after the administration of 500 micrograms of LSD. These results and the higher specific activity of serotonin in rabbits given LSD after pre-treatment with radioactive 5-HTP, support the view that the administration of LSD enhances the rate of metabolism of serotonin. With the cross-over to reserpine, the serotonin level was lowered.
The blood level of histamine was elevated by UML but not by LSD, thus differentiating between these two drugs. Further studies are in progress about this differential effect of LSD and UML.
The administration of LSD and UML increased the platelet uptake of serotonin in these children over the first few weeks, after which it decreased to a lower level. This raises questions about the metabolic rate of serotonin, the saturation point of platelets, which may also be related to slowing down of the effective behavioral response in the autistic children after an initial spurt of level improvement.
Reports of the treatment of disturbed children with LSD have been limited to about thirty children who received single doses at intervals of several days, with change in behavior noted in some cases.
This paper is the third report on a group of children at the Creedmoor State Hospital Children's Unit, who have been treated with LSD or UML on a daily basis.
Fifty-four patients, ages six to fifteen, have received LSD or UML daily from two to eighteen months (average nine months), with the usual dosage of LSD 150 micrograms daily, or UML 12 mg. daily. The patients are boys and girls in the following groups: prepuberty autistic boys, autistic girls; postpuberty, "chronic" autistic boys; verbal psychotic pre- and post-puberty boys. The children were evaluated before, during, and after treatment, by clinical interviews, psychological tests, and biochemical studies, as well as routine reports and observations.
It was hoped that these drugs might prove effective in breaking through autistic defenses, improving autonomic nervous system functioning, and modifying distorted perceptual experiences.
There were some differences in results in the various groups. In general, the younger autistic children became less anxious, less autistic and plastic, more aware and responsive, with some changes in verbalization and qualitative improvement, on the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. The girls and older autistic boys showed similar results, but much less marked and persistent. Verbal children showed improvement in general behavior, with marked changes in fantasy and bizarre ideation to more insightful, reality-oriented, though often anxious and depressive attitudes, and improved maturity and organization.
There were no major side effects, though a few patients on UML had muscular spasms and vasomotor changes in the legs, generally of a temporary nature. It is significant to note that while most of these patients had required tranquilizing or, other medications, they could all now be maintained only on the LSD or UML. A few patients received reserpine to control excessive activity, aggression, or biting.
Biochemical studies in these patients showed increase of RBC inorganic phosphate level and increase of serotonin level.
DR. CARL BREITNER (Phoenix, Arizona): I would like to inquire about the dosage used with these children. Also, I understand from your paper, Dr. Bender, that in this study you are not using LSD the way the analytic group in California is using it, namely, to facilitate communication, but as a psychotropic drug. Do I understand you right? Then the question comes up in my mind: in what way do these schizophrenic children differ from the older group, from the adults? Because in those, usually LSD would seem to be contraindicated as a drug. As a psychoanalytic tool that is different.
DR. BENDER: We do not use it as a psychoanalytic tool. Our idea was to give it as a daily drug. It is our general experience that frequently the children respond to many drugs that affect the central nervous system differently than adults. This is common knowledge; at least, to those of us using drugs with children. So we were not surprised to find, in our early initial studies, that if the children were near puberty or in puberty they responded to the first dose with anxiety and disturbance, just as the adolescent boys did. But even these children could be maintained on high doses of the drug, just as the adolescent boys were, so that the drugs can be given to these children in continuing doses. What tolerance means, I don't know. Tolerance may be established in our patients. The chemical studies suggest this, and even our psychological studies indicate a slight change later on, a leveling off of response as compared to initial reaction, but the long-term reaction is still the most valuable reaction to the drug.
DR. ELKES: The strange and paradoxical effects of drugs in relation to maturation, quite apart from relation to endocrine, may also seem to be related to differences in the blood-brain barrier. The study comes to mind by Bradley and Morelli who have shown that in the developing rat the effect of amphetamine, for example, in certain early stages produces a sleeplike effect, whereas in guinea pigs the effect is always on the adult. Is there any consideration at all on the blood-brain barrier?
DR. BENDER: I know of no research work with LSD and the blood-brain barrier. Encephalitis affects the individual differently at different ages. If it occurs under two, the child may develop defectively and have convulsions; between two and twelve the impulse and behavior disorders of the brain damaged child occur. After twelve, progressive Parkinson-ism may develop.
DR. KALINOWSKI: I would like to underline some of the statements made by Dr. Freyhan. One is that we are still in need of all treatments available, Second, the fact that in many cases life-long remissions were not obtained with the older treatments is no argument against their value. In only partially improved patients we can now continuo treatment with the newer drug methods and stabilize the improvement. A most important point made by Freyhan is the emphasis on psychopathological observations which are badly neglected at the present time. It is quite interesting that the Russian psychiatrists who are here, and with whom I have discussed some of these things, also point out the importance of coming back to clearer formulations of syndromes and of psychopathological studies. We have to come back to that if we want to make any progress, and we must also realize the importance of classification in mental illness, classification which looks for changes and progress based on our new therapeutic experience. I consider it a most important contribution when Martin Roth expressed extremely well how we can evaluate treatments only when we come to some new formulations which in this case means new formulations of syndromes, and perhaps substitute new psychopathological syndromes for the old disease entities which we now use exclusively and which, I admit, are not satisfactory.
1. Abramson, H. A. (Ed.) The Use of LSD in Psycho-therapy. New York: Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, 1960.
The report on psychological studies was prepared by Leonard Cobrinik, Ph.D., Senior Psychologist for the Children's Unit, Creedmoor State Hospital.
Children's Unit Creedmoor State Hospital, Queens, New York. Sandoz Pharmaceuticals supplied both drug, (LSD and UML-491)
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text:
Release Date: 2004 |
Album Rating: 2.5second ever review. criticism would be appreciated. thanks to BMD for proofreading
Digging: GZA - Liquid Swords
sup pos
Digging: The Conet Project - Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations
Album Rating: 2.5thanks nerd (or "Pheromone"......... eurgh)
Album Rating: 2.5your very funny
how did you like my terrible review?
pre good. Better than my two
really need this and the ep
second paragraph repeats itsef a lot but other than that nice review and damn fab band
Album Rating: 2.5ah yeah just noticed what you mean, i say the same thing over a few times, will fix that later
yeah band is great, just not on this so much
Album Rating: 2.5thanks mal
takinng my time to write this out b ecause this IS A brill band
their last LP is brilliant. listen to that.
Album Rating: 2.5thanks frip!!!!
Album Rating: 2.5mmm putting me into the mood for more the enid
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


text:
Imagine being positioned on a rope, hanging in open space above a canyon floor, your only anchor points 300 feet in either direction.
For local emergency rescue crews who use tracklines to bridge the span between one peak and another, this is the reality.
On Friday, Feb. 3, the Jerome Fire and Police departments hosted crews from Verde Valley Fire District, Copper Canyon Fire and Medical Authority and Verde Valley Ambulance Company, taking them out to Sycamore Canyon to train on the use of tracklines, high-tension wires anchored at two points and spanning vast distances.
Tracklines allow rescue crews to move objects or individuals over terrain that could otherwise not be accessed.
"If you hear a sound change in that winch, you need to stop what you're doing," Jerome Police Department technical rope rescue expert Matthew Poe said to the gathered crews, explaining in sobering detail what demands are placed on equipment and personnel during a highly technical and physically exhausting trackline rescue.
According to JPD Chief Allen Muma, local emergency departments are used to doing things a certain way, staying in their comfort zone, but trust is necessary when doing technical rescues. Without the expertise, people get injured or worse.
"This is the second one we've done," Muma said, adding that he enjoys using the skills he has honed using the trackline, forming bonds with other agencies and encouraging each other to learn new techniques.
"Outside Sedona, we've got the most technical experience," Muma said. Sedona Fire District crews conduct rescue operations several times a year for local and visiting hikers who get injured or stuck on the rock formations in the area.
Trying to perfect the trackline procedure, the chief added, is a challenging task, but one that he is committed to in order to ensure the best rescue options for locals and visitors.
Kerry Lee, another expert with JPD, said that he wanted to do more in the area of training after a rescue conducted in Sycamore Canyon last summer.


text:
All Caps
by Edmund Conti in
List of Visited State Capitals
Menu of Quizzes
Printer Version
Answer Key
So, you think you know your U.S. state capitals? Take this test to find out for sure. Naming 30 of the 37 capitals called for (not all of which are different) qualifies you as an expert capitalogist.
Can you name …
1. … five state capitals that begin with the letter A?
2. … six capitals that begin with the letter C?
3. … four capitals named for U.S. Presidents?
4. … the capital with the longest name?
5. … three capitals that are tied for having the shortest name?
6. … two capitals that end in G?
7. … two capitals that end in K?
8. … two capitals that begin with the same six letters?
9. … two capitals that end in the same seven letters?
10. … five two-word capitals that are found in contiguous states?
11. … three capitals that contain, as consecutive letters, their state's postal abbreviations?
12. … two capitals that often rhyme when spoken by people outside their states,
but not so often when spoken by people from their states?


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Search Chartarum
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Tag Archives: Roberto W
Chartarum Premieres
Last night (Thursday, October 4) was the Chartarum premiere, which took place at The Main in Royal Oak, MI. What an absolute rush to see Chartarum up on the marquee! I immediately posted this picture to my personal Facebook wall, … Continue reading
Posted in Movie News Tagged Brandon E, Jeanne M, Jennifer W, John S, Julie H, Mel S, Roberto W, Russ V, Scott M Comments Off on Chartarum Premieres
Behind the Scenes: Roberto's ADR Session
Roberto Warren (Eli) has finished his ADR sessions! Here are a couple of pictures from his first one:
Posted in Behind-the-scenes Tagged John S, Roberto W 2 Comments
Behind the Scenes: Theremin
If you've watched old sci-fi movies (or listened to Led Zeppelin), chances are you've heard a Theremin, an electronic instrument invented in 1920. Being a fan of old sci-fi movies (and Led Zeppelin), John Shaw (director, etc.) has wanted a … Continue reading
Posted in Behind-the-scenes Tagged John S, Julie H, Roberto W, Russ V Comments Off on Behind the Scenes: Theremin
Images: Behind the Scenes – on Location
Luther, MI is my second hometown, or at least it was when I was growing up. My paternal grandparents lived in Luther for most of my dad's childhood until their deaths when I was a pre-teen. When I stayed with … Continue reading
The Trailers
The final trailer will be released in the near future. Some folks who attended Porc Fest in June, 2011 got a sneak peek, but it's going be a while before the rest of us can see it. In the meantime, … Continue reading
Posted in Movie News, Video Tagged Alex G, Boner Joe, Dale E, Damion G, Dave H, Deanna J, Donna K, Fran T, Jason O, Jay D, Jeanne M, Jerry M, Julie H, Kari S, Kelvin J, Matt B, Mel S, Melissa K, Mike B, Nancy M, Nathan G, Richard O, Roberto W, Russ V, Ryan C, Sydney J, Szandor B, Tegan B, Wayne B, Wilson L Comments Off on The Trailers
Images: Behind the Scenes – Julie & Mel
Setting up for the unpacking part of the arrival scene involved the cast grabbing their personal gear (bedrolls, luggage, etc.) and loading up vehicles so they could unload on camera.
Posted in Behind-the-scenes Tagged Julie H, Mel S, Roberto W Comments Off on Images: Behind the Scenes – Julie & Mel
My Favorite Scene: Roberto
Well as Eli, after giving it much thought, I think my favorite scene in the film was the scene in the field, sitting on the Jeep, talking with Frances (Julie). The audience actually gets to know Eli and Frances as … Continue reading
Posted in Behind-the-scenes, Stories Tagged Julie H, Roberto W 1 Comment
Images: Behind the Scenes – Incoming
Posted in Behind-the-scenes Tagged Dave H, Roberto W 2 Comments
Images: Behind the Scenes – Inquiry
Cast & Crew Interview: Dale Everett
What's your name? Dale Everett Tell us a bit about what you've done so far on the Chartarum project. I played Jarrod and I helped some behind the scenes. What was the thing that you found most interesting? The last … Continue reading
Posted in Cast & Crew Interviews Tagged Dale E, Dave H, Roberto W Comments Off on Cast & Crew Interview: Dale Everett


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For a Free Estimate & Quality Service Call
Other Services
Some of our other Services
Here are some of the most popular services MBG&L provides to our Residential and Commercial customers. Take a look and if there is something on your wish list that we can deliver contact us and get your free estimate within 24 to 48 hours.
Landscape Maintenance & Care Services
We provide full-service care for your lawn to ensure its ongoing health. But that's just a small part of our expertise. In addition to weekly mowing and weed control, we handle all of your fertility, seasonal pruning, fall leaf cleanup, pest management and much, much more. MBG&L has an honored reputation for enhancing Monterey Peninsula area homes with comprehensive year-round lawn service and landscape care. Specializing in complete grounds maintenance, MBG&L gives the attention and personal service your landscape deserves.
Fertilization and Weed Control for Lawns and Beds
To maintain the health and beauty of your trees and shrubs, they need to be fertilized twice a year .Fertilization of your lawn is most effective and safe for your lawn's when done at the proper intervals from spring and fall feedings. Not only will your grass be stronger but weeds that can still crop up need to be controlled, or it will make seeding more difficult. This helps to sustain plant growth and keep them strong throughout the fluctuating temperatures and conditions of their environment. Let the experts at MBG&L get your lawn and landscape beds healthier.
Garden/Yard/Lawn Bed Debris Removal
There are many reasons for keeping your lawn and landscape beds clean all year long. Fresh air flow and sunlight will strengthen grass roots even in the winter. Excessive mulch or leaves in beds only invite snakes or insects to make a home in your yard. Your MBG&L Crew will remove brush piles or other debris from your property – leaves, branches, and debris from lawns, beds, drives, walks, and patios. Unwanted vegetation can be cut and cleared and will improve the appearance of your home or business. Contact us today for a free estimate.
Effective irrigation and drainage is essential to securing the investment in your property .Our team will create a custom layout based on the watering needs of your unique property. With an automated system installed throughout your lawn and planting beds, a pre-programmed controller manages the watering needs of your entire property. We will design and properly install irrigation and drainage systems to keep your landscape looking its best through precise watering methods and advanced irrigation technologies.
Custom Stonework, Retaining Walls
Custom stonework adds natural beauty to your landscape and outdoor living settings. We offer a wide variety of natural stone selections, giving your landscape a breathtakingly original edge. Whether you like custom stone edging on your front entry, need a retaining wall or custom stonework in your outdoor living space, our professional teams use the finest materials and craftsmanship. Professionally installed retaining walls add usable, level ground to landscapes and help prevent erosion. They also act as perfect landscape borders and will give your property a more refined look.
Our gates and fencing provide you with safety from the interruptions of the outside world our patios will add a decorative element and final touch to your landscape and home. Our team can build a secure environment and enhance your outdoor experience.
Our roof and gutter cleaning service will remove the debris from your roof and gutters, keeping them draining properly and preventing serious damage to your home. If your gutters are damaged and in need of repair or replacement, we offer referrals to reputable local gutter repair and gutter installation services to protect the huge investment you have made in your home. Remember, clogged gutters are worse for your home than no gutters at all! Contact us today for a free estimate.
For other gardening and landscape questions or information contact MBG&L today.


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Branda Beret, PDF Knitting Pattern, Knit, Instant Download, Digital Patterns, Slouchy Hat, Women, Supplies, Winter, Tam, Hand Knit Items
For an intermediate level.
The instructions are for circular needles knitting, but if you prefer to make it with 2 straight needles, how to do it is explained.
Size: One fits most.
Perimeter at opening: 48 cm – 18.9 in stretches to fit
Diameter at top: 30 cm – 11.81 inches
This listing sells just the pattern. The finished item nor the materials AREN'T included.
You will be receiving a digital download of instructions on how to make your own bucket hat. Patterns are a final sale, due to their digital nature they cannot be returned or refunded.
This pattern is written in English.
You will receive an instant prompt for download of the files purchased. You should also receive an email with the link for download moments after payment has cleared. The email will automatically be sent to the address you have on file with Etsy. You can also check your purchases section on Etsy for the same download link.


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OECD-UNCTAD SIXTEENTH REPORT ON G20 INVESTMENT MEASURES. Published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (November 2016). The report covers investment policy and investment-related measures taken by the G-20 countries between May and October 2016. The publication is available for download here.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION: LESSONS FROM RECENT EXPERIENCES. Published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2016). This paper reviews the role that public-private partnership play in supporting innovation within the agricultural sector, along with providing various recommendations on the subject. The publication can be downloaded here.
DON'T UNDERESTIMATE WHAT TRUMP COULD DO. By Gary C. Hufbauer for the Peterson Institute for International Economics (2016). This Petersons Perspectives interview was published before the November 2016 election and examines what Donald Trump – now the US President-elect – could do unilaterally in the area of trade. To listen to the audio interview or view the transcript, click here.
THE COST OF AIR POLLUTION: STRENGTHENING THE ECONOMIC CASE FOR ACTION. Published by the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (2016). This publication examines the costliness of air pollution-related deaths, in a bid to make a clearer economic case for tackling both household and outdoor pollution and the diseases they cause. The full report can be downloaded at the World Bank website.
US ELECTION NOTE: ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY AFTER 2016. By Sarah Ladislaw for Chatham House (October 2016). This Chatham House paper was published shortly before the US presidential elections, and reviews the current state of the US energy landscape and how it would evolve under the different candidates' stated positions. The publication is available here.


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Read the full story here Web Link posted Friday, May 24, 2013, 4:00 PM
Town Square
City set to design new veterans memorial
Original post made on May 24, 2013
Read the full story here Web Link posted Friday, May 24, 2013, 4:00 PM
Comments (16)
a resident of another community
on May 24, 2013 at 7:00 pm
The memorial should be simple not grand. Remember this should have the names of those who served, U.S. flown 24 hours along with state flag. A vast to memorial is important for poppies, flowers and a reef. Water feature will be nice but remember to include the following words.
Lest We Forget.
a resident of another community
on May 24, 2013 at 7:05 pm
Where and with whom do I see for purchasing a brick. How about benches.
a resident of another community
on May 24, 2013 at 7:08 pm
Oops. That should say a base to the memorial.
a resident of Shoreline West
on May 25, 2013 at 11:58 am
At least 250,000 veterans are homeless. How about a statue of a homeless veteran begging for spare change? That would at least be honest, and it might act as a deterrent to young people considering military service on behalf of our corporate overlords.
a resident of Blossom Valley
on May 25, 2013 at 12:05 pm
A vet kills him or herself almost every hour, or at the rate of 22 a day. One currently serving military member kills themselves once a day on average.
We definitely need a memorial for all their issues that have been ignored.
a resident of North Whisman
on May 25, 2013 at 8:10 pm
I am always moved when I visit Cupertino's veterans memorial off Stevens Creek Blvd. The names of the resident that surround the beautiful statue of Matthew Axelson and James Suh is the most majestic tribute.
Link to Cupertino's memorial:
Web Link
Cupertino Population: 59,000
Mountain View Population: 74,000
I would be so proud if Mountain View did the same to honor our city's heroes.
a resident of Old Mountain View
on May 26, 2013 at 8:26 am
Good luck getting anything like Sunnyvale's, Christopher. People in Mountain View would be up in arms over any sculpture depicting an assault weapon.
a resident of Old Mountain View
on May 26, 2013 at 1:39 pm
Correction: Cupertino's
a resident of Monta Loma
on May 27, 2013 at 7:25 am
Eh.. I think the plaques we have right now are just fine.
Let's be honest, how many people are really going to see these memorials? I can say I've seen both and have taken my children to see both. But only a few times. I would safely bet I'm in the minority in this city who can say that.
I attend the memorial day celebrations in Colma every year. The crowd there is not very big considering the number of people who live in the Bay Area.
Most people treat Memorial Day as just another day off. And that's fine. I just don't see the need for anything more than we have today.
a resident of Rex Manor
on May 28, 2013 at 2:39 pm
Check out the Cupertino Memorial... truly a masterpiece....but the lefties of MtnView wouldn't want anything that nice and classy.
I'm sure that we have some families inMtn View that have lost a son/daughter in Iraq or Afstupidgan.. they should be consulted.
Serious, go see Cupertino's Memorial. Take a tissue with you.
(86 to Stevens Creek, left on S.Crk about 3 blocks.).. easy ride with great resulting viewl..
a resident of Rex Manor
on May 28, 2013 at 2:40 pm
OOPS... Take 86, NOT 86, south out of MtnView.
a resident of Rex Manor
on May 28, 2013 at 2:41 pm
DAMN.... TAKE HIWAY 85 from MtnView... Jeeze, what's with my saying ""86 ?
a resident of Rex Manor
on May 28, 2013 at 3:43 pm
All of the above is a perfect example of why we can't get the simplest thing done in Mountain View, California, or the U.S. It also explains why any well-intentioned public servant will give up after a few years.
a resident of Monta Loma
on May 28, 2013 at 4:42 pm
I don't think you can make a memorial too big for what we owe our veterans. I applaud the Cupertino memorial and would be darn proud of Mountain View if they followed with something similar.
a resident of Blossom Valley
on May 28, 2013 at 6:20 pm
I'd be happy to see a memorial that would honor all our war dead by name.
Whether is should be as grand as Cupertino's (a fine memorial) or as plain as an updated listing of names is not a great concern to me. My suggestion for location is the plaza between City Hall and the CPA but other locations would also work. Perhaps even the existing multiple locations is a good idea.
a resident of Blossom Valley
on Jun 6, 2017 at 11:07 am
Due to repeated violations of our Terms of Use, comments from this poster are automatically removed. Why?
Burger chain Shake Shack to open in Palo Alto
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The Cost of Service
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Couples: When Wrong Admit It; When Right; Shut Up
By Chandrama Anderson | 0 comments | 469 views


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Congrats are in order for Lee Daniels.
According to the rumor-mill, the Empire creator has signed Eddie Murphy to the cast of the Richard Pryor biopic…
According to Variety, Eddie Murphy has been cast as Richard Pryor's father, LeRoy "Buck Carter" Pryor, in the upcoming biopic starring Mike Epps.
Oprah Winfrey will play Richard Pryor's grandmother, Marie Carter, who raised Richard in her brothel where his mother worked as a prostitute.
The film is expected to be released in time for Oscar consideration.
Lee Daniels posted the news earlier this week on Instagram.
Stay Tuned.
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Chicago's JC Brooks & the Uptown Sound drop by our studio to deliver a colorful and energetic set, showcasing songs from the band's new Howl, out this past summer on Bloodshot, as well as some surprises along the way. Brooks also talks about the cover that put them on the map, the band's retro-soul beginnings, and the more modern direction of the latest record.
Hear the entire session (performances + interview) below:
For many, it was the upbeat interpretation of Wilco's "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart," that first brought JC Brooks & the Uptown Sound to their attention. The gumption the Chicago band showed in covering their hallowed Windy City brethren in the first place, let alone to do it like that, made an impression on many (including Wilco's Jeff Tweedy, who subsequently joined them on stage for few live renditions). Three records in and the latest, Howl, finds the band putting some modern twists on the retro soul foundations they've established thus far.
"We figured…now is the time to start playing with the sound and nodding to all of the other stuff that we constantly talk about but that we don't really give peeks at in the act," Brooks told us during the interview. That means the presence of synths here and there, a torch song or two and a generally more inclusive sound falling squarely in the pop tradition— for a little perspective, a cross section of the music the band touched upon during our session (on mic and off) included '80s TV themes, INXS, Destiny's Child, Blackstreet, and "Fever."
Soul, however, remains the biggest part of the discussion with Brooks' vocals fronting the mix, and critics continue to come up with creative ways to describe the sound ("Otis Redding fronting The Stooges," "Wilson Pickett whipping The Velvet Underground off heroin," etc.). Add to those: emotional and occasionally gritty and, all in all, quintissentially American— much like the city it calls home.
Audio production/mixes: Steven Kray, with technical assistance from Randy Layton
Video production: Nate Sjol
Video shooters: Kathryn Boyd-Batstone / David Christensen / Jeremy Petersen
Interview: Jeremy Petersen
Executive Producer: David Christensen
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