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Professor Robin Irvine
University position
Professor Robin Irvine is pleased to consider applications from prospective PhD students.
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Research Theme
All my research centres around inositides, which fall into two groups, inositol lipids and inositol phosphates. Most of our work focuses on some of the kinases that phosphorylate inositides, and the functions of their substrates and products, including exploration of possible effectors. As with any family of proteins associated with cell signalling, the kinases and effectors are more highly expressed in the brain than any other organ. Moroever, some enzymes that we work with, for example, IP3 3-kinase A and PI4P 5-kinase I gamma 93, are only expressed in neurons in the brain. Thus our reserach is partly generic, using brain as a 'super-signalling' organ to study univeral functions; and part specific, exploring inositide functions that are unique to neuroscience.
Research Focus
No equipment indicated
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Associated News Items
Key publications
Clarke JH, Irvine RF (2013), "Enzyme activity of the PIP4K2A gene product polymorphism that is implicated in schizophrenia." Psychopharmacology (Berl) 230(2):329-31 Details
Hammond GR, Fischer MJ, Anderson KE, Holdich J, Koteci A, Balla T, Irvine RF (2012), "PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 are essential but independent lipid determinants of membrane identity." Science 337(6095):727-30 Details
Clarke JH, Emson PC, Irvine RF (2009), "Distribution and neuronal expression of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase IIgamma in the mouse brain." J Comp Neurol 517(3):296-312 Details
Hammond GR, Sim Y, Lagnado L, Irvine RF (2009), "Reversible binding and rapid diffusion of proteins in complex with inositol lipids serves to coordinate free movement with spatial information." J Cell Biol 184(2):297-308 Details
Schell MJ, Irvine RF (2006), "Calcium-triggered exit of F-actin and IP3 3-kinase A from dendritic spines is rapid and reversible" Eur J Neurosci 24:2491-2503 Details
Giudici ML, Emson PC, Irvine RF (2004), "A novel neuronal-specific splice variant of Type I Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase isoform gamma" Biochem J 379:489-496 Details
Clarke JH, Irvine RF (2013), "Evolutionarily conserved structural changes in phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase (PI5P4K) isoforms are responsible for differences in enzyme activity and localization." Biochem J 454(1):49-57 Details
Irvine RF (2013), "Absence of detectable inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate) in plasma." J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci Details
Clarke JH, Irvine RF (2012), "The activity, evolution and association of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases." Adv Biol Regul 52(1):40-5 Details
Irvine RF, Denton RM (2011), "Cell biology. Pyro-technic control of metabolism." Science 334(6057):770-1 Details
Xia Y, Irvine RF, Giudici ML (2011), "Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase Iγ_v6, a new splice variant found in rodents and humans." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 411(2):416-20 Details
Clarke JH, Wang M, Irvine RF (2010), "Localization, regulation and function of type II phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases." Adv Enzyme Regul 50(1):12-8 Details
Letcher AJ, Schell MJ, Irvine RF (2010), "A femtomole-sensitivity mass assay for inositol hexakisphosphate." Methods Mol Biol 645:61-71 Details
Wang M, Bond NJ, Letcher AJ, Richardson JP, Lilley KS, Irvine RF, Clarke JH (2010), "Genomic tagging reveals a random association of endogenous PtdIns5P 4-kinases IIalpha and IIbeta and a partial nuclear localization of the IIalpha isoform." Biochem J 430(2):215-21 Details
Hammond GR, Schiavo G, Irvine RF (2009), "Immunocytochemical techniques reveal multiple, distinct cellular pools of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P(2)." Biochem J 422(1):23-35 Details
Clarke JH, Emson PC, Irvine RF (2008), "Localization of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase IIgamma in kidney to a membrane trafficking compartment within specialized cells of the nephron." Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295(5):F1422-30 Details
Letcher AJ, Schell MJ, Irvine RF (2008), "Do mammals make all their own inositol hexakisphosphate?" Biochem J 416(2):263-70 Details
Clarke JH, Richardson JP, Hinchliffe KA, Irvine RF (2007), "Type II PtdInsP kinases: location, regulation and function." Biochem Soc Symp (74):149-59 Details
Lloyd-Burton SM, Yu JC, Irvine RF, Schell MJ (2007), "Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinases by calcium and localization in cells." J Biol Chem 282(13):9526-35 Details
Richardson JP, Wang M, Clarke JH, Patel KJ, Irvine RF (2007), "Genomic tagging of endogenous type IIbeta phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase in DT40 cells reveals a nuclear localisation." Cell Signal 19(6):1309-14 Details
Giudici ML, Lee K, Lim R, Irvine RF (2006), "The intracellular localisation and mobility of Type Igamma phosphatidylinositol 4P 5-kinase splice variants." FEBS Lett 580(30):6933-7 Details
Hinchliffe KA, Irvine RF (2006), "Regulation of type II PIP kinase by PKD phosphorylation." Cell Signal 18(11):1906-13 Details
Irvine RF (2006), "Nuclear inositide signalling -- expansion, structures and clarification." Biochim Biophys Acta 1761(5-6):505-8 Details
Irvine RF, Lloyd-Burton SM, Yu JC, Letcher AJ, Schell MJ (2006), "The regulation and function of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinases." Adv Enzyme Regul 46:314-23 Details
Veiga N, Torres J, Domínguez S, Mederos A, Irvine RF, Díaz A, Kremer C (2006), "The behaviour of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in the presence of magnesium(II) and calcium(II): protein-free soluble InsP6 is limited to 49 microM under cytosolic/nuclear conditions." J Inorg Biochem 100(11):1800-10 Details
Brough D, Bhatti F, Irvine RF (2005), "Mobility of proteins associated with the plasma membrane by interaction with inositol lipids." J Cell Sci 118(Pt 14):3019-25 Details
Brough D, Schell MJ, Irvine RF (2005), "Agonist-induced regulation of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum motility." Biochem J 392(Pt 2):291-7 Details
Brough D, Sim Y, Thorn P, Irvine RF (2005), "The structural integrity of the endoplasmic reticulum, and its possible regulation by inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate." Cell Calcium 38(2):153-9 Details
Irvine RF (2005), "Inositide evolution - towards turtle domination?" J Physiol 566(Pt 2):295-300 Details
Powner DJ, Payne RM, Pettitt TR, Giudici ML, Irvine RF, Wakelam MJ (2005), "Phospholipase D2 stimulates integrin-mediated adhesion via phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase Igamma b." J Cell Sci 118(Pt 13):2975-86 Details
Roberts HF, Clarke JH, Letcher AJ, Irvine RF, Hinchliffe KA (2005), "Effects of lipid kinase expression and cellular stimuli on phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate levels in mammalian cell lines." FEBS Lett 579(13):2868-72 Details
Torres J, Domínguez S, Cerdá MF, Obal G, Mederos A, Irvine RF, Díaz A, Kremer C (2005), "Solution behaviour of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in the presence of multivalent cations. Prediction of a neutral pentamagnesium species under cytosolic/nuclear conditions." J Inorg Biochem 99(3):828-40 Details
Yu JC, Lloyd-Burton SM, Irvine RF, Schell MJ (2005), "Regulation of the localization and activity of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B in intact cells by proteolysis." Biochem J 392(Pt 3):435-41 Details
Yu JCH, Lloyd-Burton SM, Irvine RF, Schell MJ (2005), "Regulation of the localization and activity of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B in intact cells by proteolysis" Biochem J 392:435-441
Giudici ML, Hinchliffe KA, Irvine RF (2004), "Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases." J Endocrinol Invest 27(6 Suppl):137-42 Details
González B, Schell MJ, Letcher AJ, Veprintsev DB, Irvine RF, Williams RL (2004), "Structure of a human inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase: substrate binding reveals why it is not a phosphoinositide 3-kinase." Mol Cell 15(5):689-701 Details
Dawson AP, Lea EJ, Irvine RF (2003), "Kinetic model of the inositol trisphosphate receptor that shows both steady-state and quantal patterns of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores." Biochem J 370(Pt 2):621-9 Details
Irvine RF (2003), "20 years of Ins(1,4,5)P3, and 40 years before." Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4(7):586-90 Details
Irvine RF (2003), "Nuclear lipid signalling." Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4(5):349-60 Details
Hinchliffe KA, Giudici ML, Letcher AJ, Irvine RF (2002), "Type IIalpha phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase associates with the plasma membrane via interaction with type I isoforms." Biochem J 363(Pt 3):563-70 Details
Irvine RF (2002), "Nuclear lipid signaling." Sci STKE 2002(150):re13 Details
Clarke JH, Letcher AJ, D'santos CS, Halstead JR, Irvine RF, Divecha N (2001), "Inositol lipids are regulated during cell cycle progression in the nuclei of murine erythroleukaemia cells." Biochem J 357(Pt 3):905-10 Details
Irvine RF, Schell MJ (2001), "Back in the water: the return of the inositol phosphates." Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2(5):327-38 Details
McNulty TJ, Letcher AJ, Dawson AP, Irvine RF (2001), "Tissue distribution of GAP1(IP4BP) and GAP1(m): two inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate-binding proteins." Cell Signal 13(12):877-86 Details
Schell MJ, Erneux C, Irvine RF (2001), "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A associates with F-actin and dendritic spines via its N terminus." J Biol Chem 276(40):37537-46 Details
Ciruela A, Hinchliffe KA, Divecha N, Irvine RF (2000), "Nuclear targeting of the beta isoform of type II phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase) by its alpha-helix 7." Biochem J 346 Pt 3:587-91 Details
Jones DH, Morris JB, Morgan CP, Kondo H, Irvine RF, Cockcroft S (2000), "Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase directly interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor 1 and is responsible for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis in the golgi compartment." J Biol Chem 275(18):13962-6 Details
Morris JB, Hinchliffe KA, Ciruela A, Letcher AJ, Irvine RF (2000), "Thrombin stimulation of platelets causes an increase in phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate revealed by mass assay." FEBS Lett 475(1):57-60 Details
Smith PM, Harmer AR, Letcher AJ, Irvine RF (2000), "The effect of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate on inositol trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ mobilization in freshly isolated and cultured mouse lacrimal acinar cells." Biochem J 347 Pt 1:77-82 Details
D'Santos CS, Clarke JH, Irvine RF, Divecha N (1999), "Nuclei contain two differentially regulated pools of diacylglycerol." Curr Biol 9(8):437-40 Details
Hinchliffe KA, Ciruela A, Letcher AJ, Divecha N, Irvine RF (1999), "Regulation of type IIalpha phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase localisation by the protein kinase CK2." Curr Biol 9(17):983-6 Details
Hinchliffe KA, Ciruela A, Morris JA, Divecha N, Irvine RF (1999), "The type II PIPkins (PtdIns5P 4-kinases): enzymes in search of a function?" Biochem Soc Trans 27(4):657-61 Details
Irvine RF, McNulty TJ, Schell MJ (1999), "Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate as a second messenger--a special role in neurones?" Chem Phys Lipids 98(1-2):49-57 Details
Lockyer PJ, Vanlingen S, Reynolds JS, McNulty TJ, Irvine RF, Parys JB, Cullen PJ (1999), "Tissue-specific expression and endogenous subcellular distribution of the inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate-binding proteins GAP1(IP4BP) and GAP1(m)." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 255(2):421-6 Details
Schell MJ, Letcher AJ, Brearley CA, Biber J, Murer H, Irvine RF (1999), "PiUS (Pi uptake stimulator) is an inositol hexakisphosphate kinase." FEBS Lett 461(3):169-72 Details
Cooper DM, Schell MJ, Thorn P, Irvine RF (1998), "Regulation of adenylyl cyclase by membrane potential." J Biol Chem 273(42):27703-7 Details
Hinchliffe KA, Ciruela A, Irvine RF (1998), "PIPkins1, their substrates and their products: new functions for old enzymes." Biochim Biophys Acta 1436(1-2):87-104 Details
Hinchliffe KA, Irvine RF, Divecha N (1998), "Regulation of PtdIns4P 5-kinase C by thrombin-stimulated changes in its phosphorylation state in human platelets." Biochem J 329 ( Pt 1):115-9 Details
Irvine RF (1998), "Manganese-stimulated phosphatidylinositol headgroup exchange in rat liver microsomes." Biochim Biophys Acta 1393(2-3):292-8 Details
Loomis-Husselbee JW, Walker CD, Bottomley JR, Cullen PJ, Irvine RF, Dawson AP (1998), "Modulation of Ins(2,4,5)P3-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization by ins(1,3,4, 5)P4: enhancement by activated G-proteins, and evidence for the involvement of a GAP1 protein, a putative Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 receptor." Biochem J 331 ( Pt 3):947-52 Details
Molendijk AJ, Irvine RF (1998), "Inositide signalling in Chlamydomonas: characterization of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gene." Plant Mol Biol 37(1):53-66 Details
Munnik T, Irvine RF, Musgrave A (1998), "Phospholipid signalling in plants." Biochim Biophys Acta 1389(3):222-72 Details
Cullen PJ, Loomis-Husselbee J, Dawson AP, Irvine RF (1997), "Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and Ca2+ homoeostasis: the role of GAP1IP4BP." Biochem Soc Trans 25(3):991-6 Details
Divecha N, Banfic H, Treagus JE, Vann L, Irvine RF, D'Santos C (1997), "Nuclear diacylglycerol, the cell cycle, the enzymes and a red herring (or how we came to love phosphatidylcholine)." Biochem Soc Trans 25(2):571-5 Details
Marchant JS, Chang YT, Chung SK, Irvine RF, Taylor CW (1997), "Rapid kinetic measurements of 45Ca2+ mobilization reveal that Ins(2,4,5)P3 is a partial agonist at hepatic InsP3 receptors." Biochem J 321 ( Pt 3):573-6 Details
Vann LR, Wooding FB, Irvine RF, Divecha N (1997), "Metabolism and possible compartmentalization of inositol lipids in isolated rat-liver nuclei." Biochem J 327 ( Pt 2):569-76 Details
Hinchliffe KA, Irvine RF, Divecha N (1996), "Aggregation-dependent, integrin-mediated increases in cytoskeletally associated PtdInsP2 (4,5) levels in human platelets are controlled by translocation of PtdIns 4-P 5-kinase C to the cytoskeleton." EMBO J 15(23):6516-24 Details
Loomis-Husselbee JW, Cullen PJ, Dreikausen UE, Irvine RF, Dawson AP (1996), "Synergistic effects of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate on inositol 2,4,5-triphosphate-stimulated Ca2+ release do not involve direct interaction of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate with inositol triphosphate-binding sites." Biochem J 314 ( Pt 3):811-6 Details
Munnik T, de Vrije T, Irvine RF, Musgrave A (1996), "Identification of diacylglycerol pyrophosphate as a novel metabolic product of phosphatidic acid during G-protein activation in plants." J Biol Chem 271(26):15708-15 Details
Cullen PJ, Chung SK, Chang YT, Dawson AP, Irvine RF (1995), "Specificity of the purified inositol (1,3,4,5) tetrakisphosphate-binding protein from porcine platelets." FEBS Lett 358(3):240-2 Details
Cullen PJ, Dawson AP, Irvine RF (1995), "Purification and characterization of an Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 binding protein from pig platelets: possible identification of a novel non-neuronal Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 receptor." Biochem J 305 ( Pt 1):139-43 Details
Cullen PJ, Hsuan JJ, Truong O, Letcher AJ, Jackson TR, Dawson AP, Irvine RF (1995), "Identification of a specific Ins(1,3,4,5)P4-binding protein as a member of the GAP1 family." Nature 376(6540):527-30 Details
Divecha N, Irvine RF (1995), "Phospholipid signaling." Cell 80(2):269-78 Details
Divecha N, Letcher AJ, Banfic HH, Rhee SG, Irvine RF (1995), "Changes in the components of a nuclear inositide cycle during differentiation in murine erythroleukaemia cells." Biochem J 312 ( Pt 1):63-7 Details
Divecha N, Truong O, Hsuan JJ, Hinchliffe KA, Irvine RF (1995), "The cloning and sequence of the C isoform of PtdIns4P 5-kinase." Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):715-9 Details
Irvine RF (1995), "Inositide evolution: what can it tell us about functions?" Biochem Soc Trans 23(1):27-35 Details
Cullen PJ, Patel Y, Kakkar VV, Irvine RF, Authi KS (1994), "Specific binding sites for inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate are located predominantly in the plasma membranes of human platelets." Biochem J 298 Pt 3:739-42 Details
Divecha N, Banfić H, Irvine RF (1994), "The nuclear phosphoinositide cycle--does it play a role in nuclear Ca2+ homoeostasis?" Cell Calcium 16(4):297-300 Details
Munnik T, Irvine RF, Musgrave A (1994), "Rapid turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in the green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos: signs of a phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway in lower plants?" Biochem J 298 ( Pt 2):269-73 Details
Banfić H, Zizak M, Divecha N, Irvine RF (1993), "Nuclear diacylglycerol is increased during cell proliferation in vivo." Biochem J 290 ( Pt 3):633-6 Details
Brooksbank CE, Hutchings A, Butcher GW, Irvine RF, Divecha N (1993), "Monoclonal antibodies to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase: distribution and intracellular localization of the C isoform." Biochem J 291 ( Pt 1):77-82 Details
Divecha N, Banfic H, Irvine RF (1993), "Unclear or nuclear: another role for the phosphatidylinositol cycle?" Biochem Soc Trans 21(4):877-8 Details
Divecha N, Banfić H, Irvine RF (1993), "Inositides and the nucleus and inositides in the nucleus." Cell 74(3):405-7 Details
Divecha N, Rhee SG, Letcher AJ, Irvine RF (1993), "Phosphoinositide signalling enzymes in rat liver nuclei: phosphoinositidase C isoform beta 1 is specifically, but not predominantly, located in the nucleus." Biochem J 289 ( Pt 3):617-20 Details
Hawkins PT, Poyner DR, Jackson TR, Letcher AJ, Lander DA, Irvine RF (1993), "Inhibition of iron-catalysed hydroxyl radical formation by inositol polyphosphates: a possible physiological function for myo-inositol hexakisphosphate." Biochem J 294 ( Pt 3):929-34 Details
Irvine RF, Cullen PJ (1993), "Will the real IP4 receptor please stand up?" Curr Biol 3(8):540-3 Details
Wreggett KA, Irvine RF (1993), "Evidence for receptor-specific regulation of the metabolism of the second messenger, inositol trisphosphate, in human endothelial cells." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 193(3):855-63 Details
Chattaway JA, Drøbak BK, Watkins PA, Dawson AP, Letcher AJ, Stephens LR, Irvine RF (1992), "An inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-6-kinase activity in pea roots." Planta 187(4):542-5 Details
Cullen PJ, Irvine RF (1992), "Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate binding sites in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Properties, comparisons and potential physiological significance." Biochem J 288 ( Pt 1):149-54 Details
Divecha N, Brooksbank CE, Irvine RF (1992), "Purification and characterization of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases." Biochem J 288 ( Pt 2):637-42 Details
Irvine RF (1992), "Inositol phosphates and Ca2+ entry: toward a proliferation or a simplification?" FASEB J 6(12):3085-91 Details
Irvine RF (1992), "Inositol lipids in cell signalling." Curr Opin Cell Biol 4(2):212-9 Details
Irvine RF (1992), "Is inositol tetrakisphosphate the second messenger that controls Ca2+ entry into cells?" Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res 26:161-85 Details
Irvine RF, Divecha N (1992), "Phospholipids in the nucleus--metabolism and possible functions." Semin Cell Biol 3(4):225-35 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Stephens LR, Musgrave A (1992), "Inositol polyphosphate metabolism and inositol lipids in a green alga, Chlamydomonas eugametos." Biochem J 281 ( Pt 1):261-6 Details
Brederoo J, de Wildt P, Popp-Snijders C, Irvine RF, Musgrave A, van den Ende H (1991), "Polyphosphoinositol lipids in Chlamydomonas eugametos gametes." Planta 184(2):175-81 Details
Divecha N, Banfić H, Irvine RF (1991), "The polyphosphoinositide cycle exists in the nuclei of Swiss 3T3 cells under the control of a receptor (for IGF-I) in the plasma membrane, and stimulation of the cycle increases nuclear diacylglycerol and apparently induces translocation of protein kinase C to the nucleus." EMBO J 10(11):3207-14 Details
Divecha N, Lander DJ, Scott TW, Irvine RF (1991), "Molecular species analysis of 1,2-diacylglycerols and phosphatidic acid formed during bombesin stimulation of Swiss 3T3 cells." Biochim Biophys Acta 1093(2-3):184-8 Details
Irvine RF (1991), "Inositol tetrakisphosphate as a second messenger: confusions, contradictions, and a potential resolution." Bioessays 13(8):419-27 Details
Irvine RF (1991), "Calcium control and InsP4." Nature 352(6331):115 Details
Ivorra I, Gigg R, Irvine RF, Parker I (1991), "Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate mobilizes calcium in Xenopus oocytes with high potency." Biochem J 273(Pt 2):317-21 Details
Loomis-Husselbee JW, Cullen PJ, Irvine RF, Dawson AP (1991), "Electroporation can cause artefacts due to solubilization of cations from the electrode plates. Aluminum ions enhance conversion of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in electroporated L1210 cells." Biochem J 277 ( Pt 3):883-5 Details
Mattingly RR, Stephens LR, Irvine RF, Garrison JC (1991), "Effects of transformation with the v-src oncogene on inositol phosphate metabolism in rat-1 fibroblasts. D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate is increased in v-src-transformed rat-1 fibroblasts and can be synthesized from D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate in cytosolic extracts." J Biol Chem 266(23):15144-53 Details
Neylon CB, Irvine RF (1991), "Thrombin attenuates the stimulatory effect of histamine on Ca2+ entry in confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures." J Biol Chem 266(7):4251-6 Details
Neylon CB, Mason WT, Irvine RF (1991), "Histamine-induced calcium oscillations in human vascular smooth muscle: temporal sequence and spatial organization in single cells." Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 18(5):299-302 Details
Stephens LR, Hawkins PT, Stanley AF, Moore T, Poyner DR, Morris PJ, Hanley MR, Kay RR, Irvine RF (1991), "myo-inositol pentakisphosphates. Structure, biological occurrence and phosphorylation to myo-inositol hexakisphosphate." Biochem J 275 ( Pt 2):485-99 Details
Stephens LR, Hughes KT, Irvine RF (1991), "Pathway of phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate synthesis in activated neutrophils." Nature 351(6321):33-9 Details
Tregear RT, Dawson AP, Irvine RF (1991), "Quantal release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores by InsP3: tests of the concept of control of Ca2+ release by intraluminal Ca2+." Proc Biol Sci 243(1308):263-8 Details
Cocco L, Capitani S, Martelli AM, Irvine RF, Gilmour RS, Maraldi NM, Barnabei O, Manzoli FA (1990), "Nuclear inositol lipids. Relationship between growth factor induced metabolic changes and protein kinase C activity." Adv Enzyme Regul 30:155-72 Details
Cullen PJ, Irvine RF, Dawson AP (1990), "Synergistic control of Ca2+ mobilization in permeabilized mouse L1210 lymphoma cells by inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate." Biochem J 271(2):549-53 Details
Harrison RA, Roldan ER, Lander DJ, Irvine RF (1990), "Ram spermatozoa produce inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate but not inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate during the Ca2+/ionophore-induced acrosome reaction." Cell Signal 2(3):277-84 Details
Irvine RF (1990), "'Quantal' Ca2+ release and the control of Ca2+ entry by inositol phosphates--a possible mechanism." FEBS Lett 263(1):5-9 Details
Irvine RF (1990), "Care and cleaning of the non-contemporary photographic image." J Audiov Media Med 13(2):61-3 Details
Neylon CB, Hoyland J, Mason WT, Irvine RF (1990), "Spatial dynamics of intracellular calcium in agonist-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells." Am J Physiol 259(4 Pt 1):C675-86 Details
Neylon CB, Irvine RF (1990), "Synchronized repetitive spikes in cytoplasmic calcium in confluent monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells." FEBS Lett 275(1-2):173-6 Details
Stephens LR, Berrie CP, Irvine RF (1990), "Agonist-stimulated inositol phosphate metabolism in avian erythrocytes." Biochem J 269(1):65-72 Details
Stephens LR, Irvine RF (1990), "Stepwise phosphorylation of myo-inositol leading to myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in Dictyostelium." Nature 346(6284):580-3 Details
Stephens LR, Kay RR, Irvine RF (1990), "A myo-inositol D-3 hydroxykinase activity in Dictyostelium." Biochem J 272(1):201-10 Details
Wreggett KA, Lander DJ, Irvine RF (1990), "Two-stage analysis of radiolabeled inositol phosphate isomers." Methods Enzymol 191:707-18 Details
Berridge MJ, Irvine RF (1989), "Inositol phosphates and cell signalling." Nature 341(6239):197-205 Details
Changya L, Gallacher DV, Irvine RF, Petersen OH (1989), "Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate act by different mechanisms when controlling Ca2+ in mouse lacrimal acinar cells." FEBS Lett 251(1-2):43-8 Details
Changya L, Gallacher DV, Irvine RF, Potter BV, Petersen OH (1989), "Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate is essential for sustained activation of the Ca2+-dependent K+ current in single internally perfused mouse lacrimal acinar cells." J Membr Biol 109(1):85-93 Details
Cocco L, Martelli AM, Gilmour RS, Ognibene A, Manzoli FA, Irvine RF (1989), "Changes in nuclear inositol phospholipids induced in intact cells by insulin-like growth factor I." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 159(2):720-5 Details
Cullen PJ, Irvine RF, Drøbak BK, Dawson AP (1989), "Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate causes release of Ca2+ from permeabilized mouse lymphoma L1210 cells by its conversion into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate." Biochem J 259(3):931-3 Details
Irvine RF (1989), "Ensuring permanence of contemporary photographs." J Audiov Media Med 12(4):135-7 Details
Irvine RF (1989), "How do inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate regulate intracellular Ca2+?" Biochem Soc Trans 17(1):6-9 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Lander DJ, Drøbak BK, Dawson AP, Musgrave A (1989), "Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate and Phosphatidylinositol(4)phosphate in Plant Tissues." Plant Physiol 89(3):888-92 Details
Willcocks AL, Strupish J, Irvine RF, Nahorski SR (1989), "Inositol 1:2-cyclic,4,5-trisphosphate is only a weak agonist at inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors." Biochem J 257(1):297-300 Details
Wreggett KA, Irvine RF (1989), "Automated isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography of inositol phosphate isomers." Biochem J 262(3):997-1000 Details
Brown JE, Rudnick M, Letcher AJ, Irvine RF (1988), "Formation of methylphosphoryl inositol phosphates by extractions that employ methanol." Biochem J 253(3):703-10 Details
Cocco L, Martelli AM, Gilmour RS, Ognibene A, Manzoli FA, Irvine RF (1988), "Rapid changes in phospholipid metabolism in the nuclei of Swiss 3T3 cells induced by treatment of the cells with insulin-like growth factor I." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 154(3):1266-72 Details
Cran DG, Moor RM, Irvine RF (1988), "Initiation of the cortical reaction in hamster and sheep oocytes in response to inositol trisphosphate." J Cell Sci 91 ( Pt 1):139-44 Details
Drøbak BK, Ferguson IB, Dawson AP, Irvine RF (1988), "Inositol-containing lipids in suspension-cultured plant cells: an isotopic study." Plant Physiol 87(1):217-22 Details
Irvine RF, Moor RM, Pollock WK, Smith PM, Wreggett KA (1988), "Inositol phosphates: proliferation, metabolism and function." Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 320(1199):281-98 Details
McMurray WC, Irvine RF (1988), "Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase in higher plants." Biochem J 249(3):877-81 Details
Pollock WK, Wreggett KA, Irvine RF (1988), "Inositol phosphate production and Ca2+ mobilization in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells stimulated by thrombin and histamine." Biochem J 256(2):371-6 Details
Bradford PG, Irvine RF (1987), "Specific binding sites for [3H]inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate on membranes of HL-60 cells." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 149(2):680-5 Details
Cocco L, Gilmour RS, Ognibene A, Letcher AJ, Manzoli FA, Irvine RF (1987), "Synthesis of polyphosphoinositides in nuclei of Friend cells. Evidence for polyphosphoinositide metabolism inside the nucleus which changes with cell differentiation." Biochem J 248(3):765-70 Details
Connolly TM, Bansal VS, Bross TE, Irvine RF, Majerus PW (1987), "The metabolism of tris- and tetraphosphates of inositol by 5-phosphomonoesterase and 3-kinase enzymes." J Biol Chem 262(5):2146-9 Details
Irvine RF (1987), "Inositol phosphates and calcium entry." Nature 328(6129):386 Details
Irvine RF (1987), "The metabolism and function of inositol phosphates." Biochem Soc Trans 15(1):122-3 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Lander DJ, Heslop JP, Berridge MJ (1987), "Inositol(3,4)bisphosphate and inositol(1,3)bisphosphate in GH4 cells--evidence for complex breakdown of inositol(1,3,4)trisphosphate." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 143(1):353-9 Details
Irvine RF, Moor RM (1987), "Inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate-induced activation of sea urchin eggs requires the presence of inositol trisphosphate." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 146(1):284-90 Details
Lindon JC, Baker DJ, Williams JM, Irvine RF (1987), "Confirmation of the identities of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate by the use of one-dimensional and two-dimensional n.m.r. spectroscopy." Biochem J 244(3):591-5 Details
Morris AP, Gallacher DV, Irvine RF, Petersen OH (1987), "Synergism of inositol trisphosphate and tetrakisphosphate in activating Ca2+-dependent K+ channels." Nature 330(6149):653-5 Details
Shears SB, Parry JB, Tang EK, Irvine RF, Michell RH, Kirk CJ (1987), "Metabolism of D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate by rat liver, including the synthesis of a novel isomer of myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate." Biochem J 246(1):139-47 Details
Tertoolen LG, Tilly BC, Irvine RF, Moolenaar WH (1987), "Electrophysiological responses to bradykinin and microinjected inositol polyphosphates in neuroblastoma cells. Possible role of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate in altering membrane potential." FEBS Lett 214(2):365-9 Details
Wreggett KA, Howe LR, Moore JP, Irvine RF (1987), "Extraction and recovery of inositol phosphates from tissues." Biochem J 245(3):933-4 Details
Wreggett KA, Irvine RF (1987), "A rapid separation method for inositol phosphates and their isomers." Biochem J 245(3):655-60 Details
Downes CP, Hawkins PT, Irvine RF (1986), "Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and not phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate is the probable precursor of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate in agonist-stimulated parotid gland." Biochem J 238(2):501-6 Details
Heslop JP, Blakeley DM, Brown KD, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ (1986), "Effects of bombesin and insulin on inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate and inositol (1,3,4)trisphosphate formation in Swiss 3T3 cells." Cell 47(5):703-9 Details
Irvine RF (1986), "Calcium transients: mobilization of intracellular Ca2+." Br Med Bull 42(4):369-74 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Heslop JP, Berridge MJ (1986), "The inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate pathway--demonstration of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase activity in animal tissues." Nature 320(6063):631-4 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Lander DJ, Berridge MJ (1986), "Specificity of inositol phosphate-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization from Swiss-mouse 3T3 cells." Biochem J 240(1):301-4 Details
Irvine RF, Moor RM (1986), "Micro-injection of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate activates sea urchin eggs by a mechanism dependent on external Ca2+." Biochem J 240(3):917-20 Details
Pollock WK, Irvine RF, Rink TJ (1986), "Free Ca2+ requirements of agonist-induced thromboxane A2 synthesis in human platelets." Eur J Pharmacol 132(2-3):309-12 Details
Pollock WK, Rink TJ, Irvine RF (1986), "Liberation of [3H]arachidonic acid and changes in cytosolic free calcium in fura-2-loaded human platelets stimulated by ionomycin and collagen." Biochem J 235(3):869-77 Details
Banfić H, Pokrajac N, Irvine RF (1985), "Incorporation of 32P into phospholipids in vivo during compensatory renal growth." Biochim Biophys Acta 833(2):223-8 Details
Batty IR, Nahorski SR, Irvine RF (1985), "Rapid formation of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate following muscarinic receptor stimulation of rat cerebral cortical slices." Biochem J 232(1):211-5 Details
Berridge MJ, Brown KD, Irvine RF, Heslop JP (1985), "Phosphoinositides and cell proliferation." J Cell Sci Suppl 3:187-98 Details
Berridge MJ, Heslop JP, Irvine RF, Brown KD (1985), "Inositol lipids and cell proliferation." Biochem Soc Trans 13(1):67-71 Details
Burgess GM, McKinney JS, Irvine RF, Putney JW Jr (1985), "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate formation in Ca2+-mobilizing-hormone-activated cells." Biochem J 232(1):237-43 Details
Dawson RM, Hemington N, Irvine RF (1985), "The inhibition of diacylglycerol-stimulated intracellular phospholipases by phospholipids with a phosphocholine-containing polar group. A possible physiological role for sphingomyelin." Biochem J 230(1):61-8 Details
Heslop JP, Irvine RF, Tashjian AH Jr, Berridge MJ (1985), "Inositol tetrakis- and pentakisphosphates in GH4 cells." J Exp Biol 119:395-401 Details
Irvine RF, Anggård EE, Letcher AJ, Downes CP (1985), "Metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate in rat parotid glands." Biochem J 229(2):505-11 Details
Streb H, Heslop JP, Irvine RF, Schulz I, Berridge MJ (1985), "Relationship between secretagogue-induced Ca2+ release and inositol polyphosphate production in permeabilized pancreatic acinar cells." J Biol Chem 260(12):7309-15 Details
Berridge MJ, Heslop JP, Irvine RF, Brown KD (1984), "Inositol trisphosphate formation and calcium mobilization in Swiss 3T3 cells in response to platelet-derived growth factor." Biochem J 222(1):195-201 Details
Berridge MJ, Irvine RF (1984), "Inositol trisphosphate, a novel second messenger in cellular signal transduction." Nature 312(5992):315-21 Details
Biden TJ, Prentki M, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ, Wollheim CB (1984), "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ from permeabilized insulin-secreting cells." Biochem J 223(2):467-73 Details
Brown JE, Rubin LJ, Ghalayini AJ, Tarver AP, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ, Anderson RE (1984), "myo-Inositol polyphosphate may be a messenger for visual excitation in Limulus photoreceptors." Nature 311(5982):160-3 Details
Brown KD, Blay J, Irvine RF, Heslop JP, Berridge MJ (1984), "Reduction of epidermal growth factor receptor affinity by heterologous ligands: evidence for a mechanism involving the breakdown of phosphoinositides and the activation of protein kinase C." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 123(1):377-84 Details
Burgess GM, Godfrey PP, McKinney JS, Berridge MJ, Irvine RF, Putney JW Jr (1984), "The second messenger linking receptor activation to internal Ca release in liver." Nature 309(5963):63-6 Details
Burgess GM, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ, McKinney JS, Putney JW Jr (1984), "Actions of inositol phosphates on Ca2+ pools in guinea-pig hepatocytes." Biochem J 224(3):741-6 Details
Burgess GM, McKinney JS, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ, Hoyle PC, Putney JW Jr (1984), "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate may be a signal for f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced intracellular Ca mobilisation in human leucocytes (HL-60 cells)." FEBS Lett 176(1):193-6 Details
Dawson AP, Irvine RF (1984), "Inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate-promoted Ca2+ release from microsomal fractions of rat liver." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 120(3):858-64 Details
Dawson RM, Irvine RF, Bray J, Quinn PJ (1984), "Long-chain unsaturated diacylglycerols cause a perturbation in the structure of phospholipid bilayers rendering them susceptible to phospholipase attack." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 125(2):836-42 Details
Fein A, Payne R, Corson DW, Berridge MJ, Irvine RF (1984), "Photoreceptor excitation and adaptation by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate." Nature 311(5982):157-60 Details
Irvine RF, Brown KD, Berridge MJ (1984), "Specificity of inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release from permeabilized Swiss-mouse 3T3 cells." Biochem J 222(1):269-72 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Dawson RM (1984), "Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase and phosphomonoesterase activities of rat brain. Some properties and possible control mechanisms." Biochem J 218(1):177-85 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Lander DJ, Downes CP (1984), "Inositol trisphosphates in carbachol-stimulated rat parotid glands." Biochem J 223(1):237-43 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Meade CJ, Dawson RM (1984), "One-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic separation of the lipids involved in arachidonic acid metabolism." J Pharmacol Methods 12(3):171-82 Details
Joseph SK, Thomas AP, Williams RJ, Irvine RF, Williamson JR (1984), "myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. A second messenger for the hormonal mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in liver." J Biol Chem 259(5):3077-81 Details
Prentki M, Biden TJ, Janjic D, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ, Wollheim CB (1984), "Rapid mobilization of Ca2+ from rat insulinoma microsomes by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate." Nature 309(5968):562-4 Details
Streb H, Bayerdörffer E, Haase W, Irvine RF, Schulz I (1984), "Effect of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate on isolated subcellular fractions of rat pancreas." J Membr Biol 81(3):241-53 Details
Berridge MJ, Dawson RM, Downes CP, Heslop JP, Irvine RF (1983), "Changes in the levels of inositol phosphates after agonist-dependent hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides." Biochem J 212(2):473-82 Details
Dawson RM, Hemington NL, Irvine RF (1983), "Diacylglycerol potentiates phospholipase attack upon phospholipid bilayers: possible connection with cell stimulation." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 117(1):196-201 Details
Dawson RM, Irvine RF, Hemington NL, Hirasawa K (1983), "The alkaline phospholipase A1 of rat liver cytosol." Biochem J 209(3):865-72 Details
Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1983), "Phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase of rat brain: Ca2+-dependency, pH optima and heterogeneity." Biochem J 215(2):431-2 Details
Streb H, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ, Schulz I (1983), "Release of Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial intracellular store in pancreatic acinar cells by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate." Nature 306(5938):67-9 Details
Varsanyi M, Tölle HG, Heilmeyer MG Jr, Dawson RM, Irvine RF (1983), "Activation of sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ transport ATPase by phosphorylation of an associated phosphatidylinositol." EMBO J 2(9):1543-8 Details
Dawson RM, Irvine RF, Hemington N, Hirasawa K (1982), "The stimulation of the brain alkaline phospholipase A1 attacking phosphatidylethanolamine by various salts and metal chelators." Neurochem Res 7(9):1149-61 Details
Dawson RM, Irvine RF, Hirasawa K, Hemington NL (1982), "Hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol by pancreas and pancreatic secretion." Biochim Biophys Acta 710(2):212-20 Details
Hirasawa K, Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1982), "Proteolytic activation can produce a phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase highly sensitive to Ca2+." Biochem J 206(3):675-8 Details
Hirasawa K, Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1982), "Heterogeneity of the calcium-dependent phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase in rat brain." Biochem J 205(2):437-42 Details
Hirasawa K, Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1982), "Heterogeneity of the calcium-dependent phosphatidylinositol-phosphodiesterase of rat liver kidney, as revealed by column chromatofocusing." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 107(2):533-7 Details
Irvine RF (1982), "The enzymology of stimulated inositol lipid turnover." Cell Calcium 3(4-5):295-309 Details
Irvine RF (1982), "How is the level of free arachidonic acid controlled in mammalian cells?" Biochem J 204(1):3-16 Details
Irvine RF, Berridge MJ, Letcher AJ, Dawson RM (1982), "Phosphatidylinositol-hydrolysing enzymes in blowfly salivary glands." Biochem J 204(1):361-4 Details
Clarke NG, Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1981), "Formation of bis(phosphatidyl)inositol and phosphatidic acid by phospholipase D action on phosphatidylinositol." Biochem J 195(2):521-3 Details
Hirasawa K, Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1981), "The catabolism of phosphatidylinisitol by an EDTA-insensitive phospholipase A1 and calcium-dependent phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase in rat brain." Eur J Biochem 120(1):53-8 Details
Hirasawa K, Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1981), "The hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol monolayers at an air/water interface by the calcium-ion-dependent phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase of pig brain." Biochem J 193(2):607-14 Details
Dawson RM, Hemington N, Irvine RF (1980), "The inhibition and activation of Ca2+-dependent phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase by phospholipids and blood plasma." Eur J Biochem 112(1):33-8 Details
Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1980), "The mechanism and function of phosphatidylinositol turnover [proceedings]." Biochem Soc Trans 8(3):376-7 Details
Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1980), "The control of phosphatidylinositol turnover in cell membranes." Biochem Soc Trans 8(1):27-30 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Dawson RM (1980), "Phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase in higher plants." Biochem J 192(1):279-83 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Dawson RM (1980), "Thyrotropin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase A2 in pig thyroid, a re-examination." FEBS Lett 119(2):287-9 Details
Dawson RM, Hemington N, Richards DE, Irvine RF (1979), "sn-Glycero(3)phosphoinositol glycerophosphohydrolase. A new phosphodiesterase in rat tissues." Biochem J 182(1):39-45 Details
Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1979), "Transfer of arachidonic acid between phospholipids in rat liver microsomes." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 91(4):1399-405 Details
Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1979), "Neural phospholipases hydrolysing phosphatidylinositol and their possible role in stimulated turnover of this phospholipid." Biochem Soc Trans 7(2):353-7 Details
Irvine RF, Hemington N, Dawson RM (1979), "The calcium-dependent phosphatidylinositol-phosphodiesterase of rat brain. Mechanisms of suppression and stimulation." Eur J Biochem 99(3):525-30 Details
Irvine RF, Letcher AJ, Dawson RM (1979), "Fatty acid stimulation of membrane phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis by brain phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase." Biochem J 178(2):497-500 Details
Richards DE, Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1979), "Hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by phospholipases of rat liver lysosomes." Biochem J 182(2):599-606 Details
Dawson RM, Irvine RF (1978), "Possible role of lysosomal phospholidpases in inducing tissue prostaglandin synthesis." Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res 3:47-54 Details
Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1978), "The distribution of calcium-dependent phosphatidylinositol-specific phosphodiesterase in rat brain." J Neurochem 31(6):1427-34 Details
Irvine RF, Dawson RM (1978), "Is there a membrane-bound, calcium-dependent phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase in rat brain?" Biochem Soc Trans 6(5):1020-2 Details
Irvine RF, Hemington N, Dawson RM (1978), "The hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol by lysosomal enzymes of rat liver and brain." Biochem J 176(2):475-84 Details
Irvine RF, Hemington N, Dawson RM (1977), "Phosphatidylinositol-degrading enzymes in liver lysosomes." Biochem J 164(1):277-80 Details
Irvine RF, Hemington N, Dawson RM (1977), "The role of lysosomes in phosphatidylinositol degradation [proceedings]." Biochem Soc Trans 5(5):1297-9 Details


text:
- Details
- Written by Tech Notes
- Category: Microsoft Word
- Published: 13 May 2014
Location And Recovery Of MS Word Temporary File
Initial Note: Please note that I do not get paid to write these articles.
Introduction Regarding Microsoft Word Temporary File and Location.
When you open a Microsoft Word document, and as you type and change things, it creates a temporary file. Even if you never saved your document, that temporary MS Word file can be used to recover what you wrote in case the computer crashes, or the software crashes, or power goes out, or any other reason why the MS Word would cease to function suddenly.
On Windows XP and some other Windows OS computers, the temporary file is within the Windows temp directory typically located at C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\Application Data\Microsoft\Word. Look below for a list of other locations the temporary file can be in. If the file is stored on a network drive, then the temporary file will be created in that network drive location.
Also, if you open a existing Word document, a temporary file can be created as well, and that temporary file would be in the same folder that the Word document you opened is in.
Name And Format Of The Temporary MS Word File.
- A MS Word document can end with a .tmp or a .wbk.
- A MS Word document starts with a ~, telda symbol.
- Here are two examples of such files: ~WRL1287.tmp and ~WRA2009.wbk
To Recover Lost Data Or Not Saved MS Word
Simply find the temporary file and open it, and it should automatically be opened with MS Word. If not, then select it with your right mouse button and select Open With, and then choose from list the Microsoft Word software to open the temporary file with.
List Of Locations The Temporary File Can Be Listed In
- On Windows XP and other Windows Systems the locations would be:
- C:\ Documents and Settings\<username>\Application Data\Microsoft\Word
- C:\ Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp
- On Windows 7 and Vista the locations will be:
- C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Word
- C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Temp
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Comments (2)
Guest - chrisknightsPermalinkComment last edited on about 8 months ago by Super User Super User
Powerful http://www.recoverydeletedfiles.com/word-file-recovery-tool.html?source=TechNotes.whw1.com">Word File Recovery Tool which can recovers every item embedded in the document, such as OLE objects, images, forms, graphs, hyperlinks, tables, text, headers, and footnotes.
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Guest - Dunn TaylorPermalinkComment last edited on about 8 months ago by Super User Super User
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subset: commoncrawl


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A 42-year old cyclist suffered head injuries when he was attacked by two men.
It is believed the men used table legs to launch the assault in Dale Road, Rawmarsh.
Police are appealing for witnesses along with any information about the July 23, 6pm incident.
The 42-year-old is understood to have been cycling along Dale Road when a man jumped in front of him, causing him to swerve and nearly fall.
Following a confrontation, the cyclist was hit about the head by the two men.
A 33-year-old man was arrested at the scene and charged with assault. He has been remanded in custody.
The second man fled. He is described as being white, about 17 to 18- years-old, of slim build with short hair. He was wearing a grey zip-up tracksuit top.
Anyone who witnessed the incident or with information about the person described above should contact South Yorkshire Police on 101 quoting incident number 834 of July 23, 2013.
Alternatively, people can contact Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.


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Are You a Phony if You Parody "Three's Company"?
April 9, 2015 | Category: Blog | Tags: #isitfairuse?, copyright, expression-idea dichotomy, fair use, parody, TV | Comments: 0Rick is an experienced Nashville intellectual-property litigator and an erstwhile part-time professor at Vanderbilt University Law School whose writing and teaching focuses on copyright issues but whose law practice involves a wide variety of IP-related disputes.
Holden Caulfield Watches a 70's Sitcom. Hilarity Doesn't Ensue.
If television shows are as influential as most people assume they are, I'm amazed that I wound up a productive member of society. My parents let me watch things that should have scarred any seven-year-old for life: Love Boat, Fantasy Island, That's Incredible, I, Claudius, Diff'rent Strokes and Three's Company, among other shows full of sex, violence, bullshit, stereotypes and empty calories
You younguns might not believe this, but there was a time when (1) TV was the primary form of entertainment, (2) you only had a few channels to choose from, and (3) most of it was awful. In the same way an app that costs $1.99 today is better than an Atari 2600 cartridge that cost $19.99, much of quasi-professional YouTube is better than what we had to watch in 1977. I get as nostalgic for my childhood as the next guy, but even I can see my children have it way better.
Three's Company was a pretty execrable show. The plot (borrowed from a British television show called Man About the House) is about a straight man (an aspiring chef) who must pretend to be gay in order to live…
Read More»


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Madoff Victims Sue SIPC Over 'Net Equity' Payments
In a complaint filed Wednesday in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, the plaintiffs challenged the method SIPC President Stephen Harbeck and the agency's directors are using to compensate roughly 4,000 investors for their lost funds.
The Madoff investors say the value of their...
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text:
|Reviews for A Proud and Bitter Crown
| GentleMidnightSnow chapter 35 . 6/30/2010
Wow! Yami died. Not what I was expecting, but then again, there's not much else you can end this story with. Oh, it's going to be coninued? Cool! I look forward to it.
| GentleMidnightSnow chapter 33 . 6/30/2010
Oh no! Little Yugi has gone black. YAMI! So this is why the abused characters never want to get close to anyone else.
| GentleMidnightSnow chapter 26 . 6/29/2010
Oh crap. Yami's finally become broken. No Yami! Ugh, I feel depressed. Very upset. Congratulations! (That wasn't sarcasm.)
| GentleMidnightSnow chapter 21 . 6/28/2010
Yugi and Solomon's reactions to Yami's tragic past were good, but left a little bit to be desired. Just a little bit. It's just that you spent so long building such a tragic and angsty past for Yami, Yugi and Solomon probably should've reacted more dramatically. Just a thought.
| GentleMidnightSnow chapter 18 . 6/28/2010
Yes! Finally, some LOVE! Not that any of story was not good writing, (in fact, I couldn't stop reading, and my parents had to literally drag me away to make me stop,) but I was becoming so filled with negative emotions (I can't help it, your writing was so good it made me feel the emotions in the story, and I cried at least once a chapter) that I was starting to become depressed.
| GentleMidnightSnow chapter 19 . 6/28/2010
The part where Yami was yelled at made me cry. It's so sad! It makes you realize the extent of the damage done by his whole ordeal.
| GentleMidnightSnow chapter 8 . 6/25/2010
That last part was true. I mean, we all laugh at Yami's insanely long speeches, and his fancy words. I did almost make fun of Yami's height. I wish he'd bee just a little bit taller.
| Kiesha chapter 35 . 2/7/2010
But but but..! No... That's... Bad puzzle. Bad, bad puzzle. Though seeing as how the thing was made, it makes sense for it to be a little evil... But still!
On a completely unrelated note, I've fractured multiple ribs, and that last bit made them hurt again. Even though I cracked 'em YEARS ago.
(Incoherent review is incoherent.)
| DazzlingMagicFox chapter 35 . 10/19/2009
yikes... I hope you won't end it here...
| DazzlingMagicFox chapter 22 . 10/19/2009
o... I knew something like this was gonna happen... With the pharaoh's obvious hatred for his high priest's betrayal, no doubt he would go mad when he sees Kaiba who unfortunately looks like the high priest...
| DazzlingMagicFox chapter 19 . 10/19/2009
bravo for another lovely chapter. You did a good job in picturing out Yami Yugi's 'humanness'... He is, most of the time, brave, confident, wise, and levelheaded... but he is human and humans have many emotions besides their usual demeanor. The Pharaoh's traumatized state was well described and I admire how you expressed him being a person...
| DazzlingMagicFox chapter 17 . 10/19/2009
oh...poor pharaoh...
Though I must admit, your writing style is superb but I think the story is becoming hard to understand with too much symbolic and metaphoric words... try using some simple and direct words...
don't take it personally... it's just some constructive critic...
| DazzlingMagicFox chapter 4 . 10/15/2009
beautifully written...
| dragonlady222 chapter 35 . 8/6/2008
Such a sad chapter. I hope the Puzzle will leave Yugi alone now. It tortured yami so much, it was afraid of him and his power.
| dragonlady222 chapter 34 . 8/6/2008
Poor Yami, Yugi is really being hateful. So unlike himself. I hope he wakes up from this soon and stops torturing Yami.


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Puppies will always want to chew on something – it's a natural instinct. However, learning what is, and what is not appropriate to chew on, can be the difficult part. Usually, puppies under ten weeks old will want to chew on soft chew toys like stuffed animals, while older puppies and adult dogs will generally prefer harder Kongs and Nylabones. Starting young, establish what can and cannot be chewed on in your household by following the methods described in this section. To make it easier for your puppy to understand what is a toy and what is not, keep only two toys out for him at a time until he reaches about two years old. Littering the floor with toys delivers the message that anything on the floor is fair game to chew on, and the puppy will do so energetically!
When deciding on 'treats', choose healthy snacks like natural carrots, peas and potatoes. A bag of frozen peas, thawed individually as needed (or even frozen), make great treats for small puppies and small adult dogs, while a boiled small red potatoes or baby carrots work well for larger dogs. You can freeze extra treats separately, so that you are not having to cook them up constantly. Also, boiled potatoes make good pill delivery treats for stubborn dogs. If they are used to getting potatoes as a treat you can put the tablet inside the softened potato, and they will eat it without ever knowing you've tricked them into taking their medicine!


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By Nicci Micco [2], September 10, 2010 - 9:39am
At the end of a long day, after my kids are in bed, lunches are packed and the kitchen is as clean as it's going to get, I like to eat ice cream. Often, this ritual happens at 10 p.m. You might be thinking: "What kind of nutrition expert promotes late-night emotional eating?" I say: one with expertise in weight management. Looking forward to my ice cream (measured into a half-cup container) keeps me from reaching for sweets earlier in the day. And the whole "eating after 6 p.m. makes you fat" thing just isn't true. EatingWell Contributing Editor Joyce Hendley tackles this myth and others in a story in the September/October issue of EatingWell Magazine [7]. Here are the details on the 6 p.m. food myth, plus highlights of other myths you should ignore.
Myth 1: "Calories eaten at night are more fattening than those eaten early in the day."
The truth: According to Dr. John Foreyt, director of the Behavioral Medicine Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston: "Calories are calories are calories, and it doesn't matter what time you eat them. What matters are the total calories you take in."
Related: What Does a 1,500-Calorie Day Look Like? [8]
Myth 2: Limit carbs. They make you fat.
The truth: There's nothing inherently fattening about carbohydrates, says Jean Harvey-Berino, Ph.D., R.D., chair of the department of nutrition and food sciences at the University of Vermont and co-author of The EatingWell Diet [9] (Countryman, 2007). "It's eating too many calories, period, that makes you fat." There's no question that foods full of refined carbohydrates, such as white bread, pasta and doughnuts, can raise your risk of developing health problems like heart disease and diabetes. But if you cut out so-called "good-carb" foods, such as whole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables, you're missing out on your body's main source of fuel as well as vital nutrients, such as fiber. What's more, for many people, a low-carb diet may be harder to stick with in the long run.
Related: Enjoy pasta without the guilt with these low-calorie pasta dishes. [10]
Myth 3: Eating foods like wheat or dairy that your body can't process causes you to pack on pounds.
The truth: This theory is, in fact, "illogical," says Marc Riedl, M.D., assistant professor of clinical immunology and allergy at UCLA. The inability to "process" foods, he notes, "would mean the foods are not metabolized and calories would not be absorbed." Of course, cutting out whole categories of foods will probably help you lose weight, simply because it takes so many choices off the table—but it also might cause you to underconsume important nutrients like calcium.
Myth 4: Eating many mini meals helps you control your weight better than eating fewer, larger meals.
The truth: Our metabolisms rev up slightly each time we eat, as our bodies process what we've consumed. So by having many mini meals instead of fewer, larger ones, we shift our metabolism into a higher gear more often—and burn a few more calories. But "the calorie difference is so small it doesn't add up to a hill of beans," says Foreyt. That said, snacking between meals may help some dieters by keeping them from getting overly hungry and eating too many calories when they finally sit down to dinner.
Related: 5-Minute Snacks to Keep Hunger in Check [11]
Myth 5: You crave certain foods because you're deficient in one of the nutrients they provide.
The truth: Human food cravings tend to be more about satisfying emotional needs, says Marcia Pelchat, Ph.D., a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. "Cravings tend to occur when your diet is restricted or boring, or when you know that you can't have something," says Pelchat. "If it's forbidden, you usually want it more." Not surprisingly, the most commonly craved foods tend to be fatty, high-calorie fare—that's why you might crave a cheeseburger. It's not because you're deficient in iron or protein.
Related: Healthy Recipes to Satisfy Your Junk-Food Cravings [12]
Myth 6: It's important to fast periodically, to cleanse toxins from your
The truth: Your body has its own elegantly designed system for removing toxins—namely, the liver, kidneys and spleen. There isn't any evidence that not eating—or consuming only juice—for any period of time makes them do this job any better, says Keith-Thomas Ayoob, Ed.D., R.D., of Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
What diet myth do you think is misleading and needs to be "busted"? Tell us what you think below.
TAGS: Nicci Micco [2], Diet Blog [13], Diet [14], Nutrition [15], Weight loss [16], Wellness [17]
Nicci Micco is co-author of EatingWell 500-Calorie Dinners. She has a master's degree in nutrition and food sciences, with a focus in weight management.
[1] http://www.eatingwell.com/eatingwell_rss_feeds
[2] http://www.eatingwell.com/blogs/nicci-micco
[3] http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php
[4] http://www.eatingwell.com/blogs/diet_blog/6_diet_myths_to_ignore
[5] http://www.eatingwell.com/blogs/diet_blog/6_diet_myths_to_ignore?section=comments#tabs
[6] http://bed56888308e93972c04-0dfc23b7b97881dee012a129d9518bae.r34.cf1.rackcdn.com/sites/default/files/low_calorie_ice_cream_0.jpg
[7] http://www.eatingwell.com/nutrition_health/nutrition_news_information/the_13_biggest_nutrition_and_food_myths_busted
[8] http://www.eatingwell.com/nutrition_health/weight_loss_diet_plans/what_does_a_1500_calorie_day_look_like
[9] http://www.eatingwell.com/shop
[10] http://www.eatingwell.com/recipes_menus/recipe_slideshows/low_calorie_pasta_recipes
[11] http://www.eatingwell.com/recipes_menus/recipe_slideshows/see_it_make_it_5_minute_snacks
[12] http://www.eatingwell.com/recipes_menus/recipe_slideshows/healthy_recipes_to_satisfy_junk_food_cravings
[13] http://www.eatingwell.com/category/blog_topics/diet_blog
[14] http://www.eatingwell.com/category/blog_tags/diet
[15] http://www.eatingwell.com/category/blog_tags/nutrition
[16] http://www.eatingwell.com/category/blog_tags/weight_loss
[17] http://www.eatingwell.com/category/blog_tags/wellness
[18] http://www.eatingwell.com/nutrition_health/nutrition_news_information/bad_foods_you_should_be_eating
[19] http://www.eatingwell.com/nutrition_health/weight_loss_diet_plans/diet_meal_plans/weight_loss_diet_meal_plan
[20] http://www.eatingwell.com/nutrition_health/nutrition_news_information/10_everyday_superfoods
[21] http://www.eatingwell.com/recipes_menus/recipe_slideshows/low_calorie_ice_cream_and_frozen_yogurt_recipes
[22] http://www.eatingwell.com/blogs/food_blog/5_fathers_day_gift_ideas_for_food_loving_dads_everywhere
[23] http://www.eatingwell.com/node/290363?section=comments#tabs
[24] http://www.eatingwell.com/blogs/health_blog/bobbi_browns_top_10_superfoods_for_beauty_and_the_fun_way_she_eats_them
[25] http://www.eatingwell.com/node/290323?section=comments#tabs
[26] http://www.eatingwell.com/blogs/food_blog/the_easy_frozen_yogurt_dessert_youll_be_eating_all_summer_long
[27] http://www.eatingwell.com/node/290309?section=comments#tabs
[28] http://www.eatingwell.com/blogs/food_blog/4_foolproof_tips_to_make_healthy_veggie_chips_at_home
[29] http://www.eatingwell.com/node/290312?section=comments#tabs
[30] http://www.eatingwell.com/blogs/food_blog/these_coconut_fruit_bowls_are_trending_on_pinterest_and_were_obsessed
[31] http://www.eatingwell.com/node/290301?section=comments#tabs
[32] http://www.eatingwell.com/user
[33] http://www.eatingwell.com/print/16358
[34] http://www.addtoany.com/share_save?linkurl=/node/


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For a while now, entrepreneurship has been vastly romanticized. With companies such as Facebook and Google which brought the founders extreme amount of success. people have become obsessed with the thought of being able of becoming entrepreneurs. However, there is a difference with a traditional career path and becoming an entrepreneur. With a traditional career path there is defined path to what steps follow, how to be an entrepreneur is a path that is a mystery to many.
That being said, here are five basic steps on how to be an entrepreneur which many, if not all entrepreneurs who have found success have followed:
1. Guarantee Financial Stability
Although not necessarily required, this step is highly recommended. Whereas entrepreneurs such as Mark Zuckerberg who was a college student, have been able to build successful business while not exactly financially stable, being financially stable is a great asset to an entrepreneur. Not only will being financially stable provide ample time to become successful, it will also decrease the amount of streçss which naturally accompanies becoming an entrepreneur. The focus should be on expanding a business, not making a few quick bucks.
2. A Diverse Skill Set Should Be Built
Once finances are strong, a diverse set of skills should be built and applied in the real world. This is a step which can be taken in conjunction with step one. The best way to build skill sets is to learn and even have a go at new tasks in a real world setting. Once an entrepreneur has built a skill set, they now have the tools to use if faced with difficult situations, which will definitely arise.
3. Become Knowledgeable
Knowledge is power, whether obtained from books, articles, podcasts or lectures it is crucial to soak up that knowledge. An entrepreneur must be familiar with all aspects of the world around them, they must have a fresh aspect of industries, this provides the ability needed to focus and build around a specific industry.
4. Find A Problem and Solve It
By identifying a problem whether it be a service or product that needs solving, an aspiring entrepreneur may even be able to build a business around having solved that problem. It is crucial however that steps three and four be combined, that way by taking a look at various industries from an outsider's perspective, identifying a problem will be possible. This will allow the entrepreneur to see things with a fresh perspective, identifying problems others may not have seen.
5. Add Value To The Problem Which Was Uncovered
The final step is all about adding value within the problem that has already been identified. Only by being able to add value to solve a specific pain point or issue will an entrepreneur acquire success.
The five steps mentioned above are great stepping blocks to begin heading down the path of becoming a successful entrepreneur. It is also recommended to seek out those that have been there before and done that at some point, they may be able to provide invaluable advice that an entrepreneur can use to their benefit.


text: |Ok Mature: Time for another Amanda Tuesday update with her looking hot in a super tight flower dress. There are some good shots with the mirror in this one if I do say so myself. I also love the plain bra that she has on… really shows off her amazing curves.


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This job listing has expired! Click here to view the latest NGO jobs in Nigeria
The United Nations World Food Programme is the world's largest humanitarian agency fighting hunger worldwide. The mission of WFP is to end global hunger. Every day, WFP works worldwide to ensure that no child goes to bed hungry and that the poorest and most vulnerable, particularly women and children, can access the nutritious food they need.
We are seeking to fill Human Resources Associate posts at G6 level, based in WFP Nigeria, Maiduguri Area Office (1 post) and Abuja Country Office (1 post). If you are a Nigerian national, committed, creative professional and are passionate about making a lasting difference for people in need, we would like to hear from you!
Job Description
Under the supervision and guidance of the HR Officer Officer, the HR Associate will deliver a full range of HR support services to ensure accurate implementation of WFP policies and procedures and facilitate the effective functioning of a client-focused and strategy-oriented HR services.
Key Responsibilities (not all-inclusive, within delegated authority):
Minimum Qualifications and Experience Required for the Job
Fluency (level C) in English language.
Knowledge of Hausa and Kanuri local languages is desirable.
Terms and Conditions
Selected candidate will be employed on a fixed-term contract with a probationary period of one year. WFP offers an attractive compensation package.


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Commercial anti-honeypot tool Nov 17 2003 08:38PM
Bill McCarty (bmccarty pt-net net) (2 replies)
Hi all,
By way of a colleague, I just received word of a tool intended to identify
mail relay honeypots of the sort that some folks are deploying to detect
and harass spammers. I think this is a first: a commercial anti-honeypot
You can learn more about the tool at:
<http://www.send-safe.com/honeypot-hunter.php>. However, please be aware
that authors of spam tools are apt to include malware with each download,
so you should download and execute this software only in a safe, closed
environment. Moreover, if you choose to access the Send-Safe web site, I
suggest that you consider using an impersonal IP address, rather than one
somehow tied to your identity. In this context, anonymity is your friend
Bill McCarty
[ reply ]
Commercial anti-honeypot tool Jan 12 2004 03:14PM
KeyFocus (support keyfocus net)
Re: Commercial anti-honeypot tool Nov 18 2003 10:48AM
KeyFocus (support keyfocus net)
Privacy Statement


text:
Recent Posts
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- Branding a Man, Branding a New Country: Abel Buell's New and Correct Map of the United States of America, 1784
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Tag Archives: historic preservation volunteer projects
Giving the Past a Future: Historical Preservation at Kulla Isuf Mazrekaj – Drenoc, Kosovo
Originally posted on The Runaway Bunny:
Like anything that's been around for several centuries, the Isuf Mazrekaj kulla is finding that it needs to adapt in order to survive. These stone towers, potent symbols of traditional Islamic Kosovar culture, were particularly…
Heritage Travel Volunteers
If you are looking for a unique travel experience, you may enjoy being a historic building conservation volunteer with Adventures in Preservation. Even if you are cramped for time, there are options to fit every kind of time restraint from … Continue reading
Hope for Gyumri
My name is Armen Hovsepyan, I was born and raised in Gyumri. I received my education both in Gyumri, Armenia and in the US. I returned from the States so that I could use my knowledge in my hometown… Thus … Continue reading
People Working to Save and Reopen Historic Mid-South Coliseum in Memphis
A guest post by Marvin Stockwell The Mid-South Coliseum, a mid-century modern, 11,200-seat venue built in 1964 and shuttered in 2007, is threatened with possible demolition. A City of Memphis plan proposes razing the building that once held concerts by … Continue reading
Spring Cleaning
Spring! Leaves, flowers, birds, cute baby animals, warm weather. And cleaning. Recently, I had the opportunity to participate in phase one of the architectural mothballing of a run-down apartment building. Early one Saturday morning a few weeks ago (though not as … Continue reading
A Shotgun House Primer
The folks at the Preservation Resource Center of New Orleans have put together a concise guide to shotgun houses. The primer touches on the origins of the vernacular form and descibes the variations found in the region and in New Orleans in particular. … Continue reading
Posted in Building Conservation, Cultural Heritage, Heritage Preservation, Historic Buildings, Historic Preservation, Vernacular Architecture Tagged Adventures in Preservation, architectural history, buildings, historic preservation volunteer projects, New Orleans, shotgun house, Shreveport 1 Comment
Hallie's Adventure in Preservation
Anyone familiar with Richard Scarry's Busytown knows that Jason the Mason builds foundations. At last week's Adventures in Preservation/Fairfield Foundation workshop, this was also true. Brick masons Jason Whitehead, Ray Canetti, and Bill Neff came out to our workshop to give … Continue reading


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What is the significance of the parachutist in Lord of the Flies by William Golding?
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Chapter six of William Golding's Lord of the Flies is titled "Beast from the Air," and this the chapter in which a parachutist arrives on the island. The boys have all been experiencing nightmares about beasts, and even the older boys are partially convinced there might be some kind of beast on the island. In this symbolic novel, a microcosm of the war that is raging in the "adult" world outside the island, the parachutist is certainly representative of something, and Golding affirms that in the narrative.
But a sign came down from the world of grown-ups, though at the time there was no child awake to read it. There was a sudden bright explosion and corkscrew trail across the sky; then darkness again and stars. There was a speck above the island, a figure dropping swiftly beneath a parachute, a figure that hung with dangling limbs.
The parachutist is obviously someone who ejected from a failing plane during a skirmish near the island. It is a breezy night, and the parachutist eventually lands on top of the mountain. It is evident that the man is dead, but he seems to have life because of the wind.
When the breeze blew, the lines would strain taut and some accident of this pull lifted the head and chest upright so that the figure seemed to peer across the brow of the mountain. Then, each time the wind dropped, the lines would slacken and the figure bow forward again, sinking its head between its knees. So as the stars moved across the sky, the figure sat on the mountain-top and bowed and sank and bowed again.
In the morning, Samneric see the odd sight and immediately run for camp as their imaginations get the best of them, assuring the others that they saw a horrible beast with teeth and claws chasing after them. They have identified this figure as the beast, but they do not recognize that it is them--a human.
Simon eventually comes to the accurate realization that the beast is them, and he cuts the lines, releasing the parachutist to finally settle at peace in the ocean.
Clearly the death of this soldier is a foreshadowing of one or more deaths to come. The parachutist is also evidence both that the boys (and the unchecked propensity for evil) are the only beasts on the island and that war on a larger scale is happening away from the island.
When the pilot dies, i think it represents the fact that adults are disappearing in the boys' savage world.


text:
Hello, I'm from the Canary Islands in Spain. I can only say that the service of the MJM team is good, cheap and pretty. Congratulations!
Read More ->
I'm in Canada so it is almost impossible to get something to ship for free especially when it comes from the US everything came pretty quick and i...
Read More ->


text:
Bodoni Antiqua W01 Bd Cond Ital Fonts
<link href="//db.onlinewebfonts.com/c/4fec0f3a7fd056813824db060cb37c69?family=BodoniAntiquaW01-BdCondItal" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>#2 Using @import CSS directive, put the following line in add to your css file.(http | https)
@import url(//db.onlinewebfonts.com/c/4fec0f3a7fd056813824db060cb37c69?family=BodoniAntiquaW01-BdCondItal);#3 Use font-face declaration Fonts.(http | https)
@font-face {font-family: "BodoniAntiquaW01-BdCondItal"; src: url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/4fec0f3a7fd056813824db060cb37c69.eot"); src: url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/4fec0f3a7fd056813824db060cb37c69.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/4fec0f3a7fd056813824db060cb37c69.woff2") format("woff2"), url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/4fec0f3a7fd056813824db060cb37c69.woff") format("woff"), url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/4fec0f3a7fd056813824db060cb37c69.ttf") format("truetype"), url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/4fec0f3a7fd056813824db060cb37c69.svg#BodoniAntiquaW01-BdCondItal") format("svg"); }
ShirlyUJest W00 Regular
Ingrimayne TypeAuthor
Robert SchenkTrademark
ShirlyUJest is a trademark of Ingrimayne Type.Copyright
Copyright (c) 1990, 2010 Robert Schenk. All rights reserved.Description
1.00 May 11, 2012, initial releaseCopyright
Typeface (your company). 2012. All Rights ReservedDescription
This font was created using FontCreator 6.0 from High-Logic.com
LUELLA Ornaments A W95 Regular
Cultivated MindAuthor
Cindy KinashTrademark
LUELLA Ornaments A is a trademark of Cultivated Mind.Copyright
Copyright (c) 2013 by Cultivated Mind. All rights reserved.License
By downloading this font package, you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement. This Agreement, in conjunction with the receipt that accompanies each purchase from MyFonts.com (MyFonts), constitutes the complete agreement between you and the respective Foundry.1. Allowed usesYou may use the licensed fonts to create images on any surface such as computer screens, paper, web pages, photographs, movie credits, printed material, T-shirts, and other surfaces where the image is a fixed size.You may use the licensed fonts to create EPS files or other scalable drawings provided that such files are only used by the household or company licensing the font.2. Number of usersThe maximum number of simultaneous users is specified in the applicable receipt. All users must belong to the same company or household purchasing the font.3. Third partiesYou may provide the font to a graphic designer, printer or other service bureau that is working on your behalf only if they agree to use the font exclusively for your work, agree to the terms of this license, and retain no copies of the font on completion of the work.You may not provide the font or make it accessible to any other third parties.4. EmbeddingYou may embed the licensed fonts into any document you send to third parties. Such documents may be viewed and printed (but not edited) by the recipients.You may not under any circumstances embed the licensed fonts into software or hardware products in which the fonts will be used by the purchasers of such products. Such use requires a different license which may be offered by the Foundry through MyFonts. Please contact firstname.lastname@example.com for further information.5. ModificationsYou may import characters from the font as graphical objects into a drawing program and modify such graphical objects.You may not modify, adapt, translate, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, or create derivative works based on the licensed font itself without Foundry's prior written consent. 6. Copyright The font and the accompanying materials are copyrighted and contain proprietary information and trade secrets belonging to the foundry owning the font. Unauthorized copying of the Product even if modified, merged, or included with other software, or of the written materials, is expressly forbidden. You may be held legally responsible for any infringement of the foundry's intellectual property rights that is caused or encouraged by your failure to abide by the terms of this Agreement. 7. Termination This Agreement is effective until terminated. This Agreement will terminate automatically without notice from MyFonts or the Foundry if you fail to comply with any provision contained herein. Upon termination, you must destroy the written materials, the Product, and all copies of them, in part and in whole, including modified copies, if any.8. Product UpgradesMyFonts may, from time to time, update the Product. Product upgrade pricing may apply. 9. Disclaimer and Limited Warranty MyFonts warrants the Product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of twenty one (21) days from the date of delivery as shown on your receipt. MyFonts' entire liability and your exclusive remedy as to a defective product shall be, at MyFonts' option, either return of purchase price or replacement of any such product that is returned to MyFonts with a copy of the invoice. MyFonts shall have no responsibility to replace the product or refund the purchase price if failure results from accident, abuse or misapplication, or if any product is lost or damaged due to theft, fire, or negligence. Any replacement product will be warranted for twenty one (21) days. This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may have other rights, which vary from state to state. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED ABOVE, THE PRODUCT, IS PROVIDED AS IS. NEITHER MYFONTS NOR THE FOUNDRY MAKES ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the Product rests upon you. Neither MyFonts nor the Foundry warrants that the functions contained in the Product will meet your requirements or that the operation of the software will be uninterrupted or error free. NEITHER MYFONTS NOR THE FOUNDRY SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FROM LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, AND THE LIKE) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT EVEN IF MYFONTS OR THE FOUNDRY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Because some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. 10. Governing Law This agreement is governed by the laws of the United States of America and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
SF Toontime Blotch Italic V2
Style : ItalicPackages
SF Toontime BlotchStyle
Derek VogelpohlTrademark
SF Toontime Blotch Italic is a trademark of ShyFoundry.Copyright
Copyright (c) 2008 by ShyFoundry. All rights reserved. Freeware for personal use only. To purchase a commercial license, please visit our site at http://www.shyfoundry.com.Description
For additional information about the usage of this font, please read the included ShyFoundry Freeware EULA or visit our site at http://www.shyfoundry.com/licensing.License
For additional information about the usage of this font, please read the included ShyFoundry Freeware EULA or visit our site at http://www.shyfoundry.com/licensing.
1.00 October 29, 2005, initial releaseCopyright
Typeface (your company). 2005. All Rights ReservedDescription
This font was created using Font Creator 5.0 from High-Logic.com
Messy Script
Messy ScriptStyle
1.00 June 12, 2013, initial releaseCopyright
Messy Script (TattooWoo.com). 2013. All Rights ReservedDescription
This font was created using FontCreator 6.0 from High-Logic.com
1.00 August 12, 2012, initial releaseCompany
Xerographer FontsAuthor
Max InfeldCopyright
Typeface (your company). 2012. All Rights ReservedDescription
This font was created using FontCreator 6.0 from High-Logic.comLicense
Intramural Small Caps JL
Intramural Small Caps JLStyle
Jeff's Fonts & DingbatsAuthor
Jeff Levine from a Ray Larabie originalTrademark
Trademark of Jeff Levine & Ray LarabieCopyright
(C) 2001 by Jeff Levine & Ray Larabie. Freeware, not for sale.Description
A further variant of Intramural JL with small caps in the lower case keystrokes, centered to the larger letters.License
Freeware for commercial or non-commercial use. Resale or distribution in any form of media is strictly prohibited.


text:
So, I finally made it in to G&G. I love the old-school feel. The steaks were great, and to my relief after hearing tales of the unknown being ignored, the service was very good.
Unfortunately, I'll never go back. The wine list is beyond bad. It's a frickin' parody. I'm not saying that you need to have a 400 bottle wine list, but would it be too much to ask to have even one single bottle that couldn't be found in a suburban Dominick's--or 7-11 for that matter. It's not 1979 anymore, and while old school is great when it comes to atmosphere, it's not acceptable for food, wine or liquor selections.


text:
We arrived at this hotel on 19th June to start our on job training. From the outset, the staff was very polite as we arrived and very accomodating with respect to our needs. The room quality is decent with all amenities up to the mark....More
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"General tip before checking in: check the AC, toilet flushes, TV and telephone"


text:
(Photo by Oli Scarff/Getty Images)
Inupathy is a new Japanese product for dogs with a light-up harness that senses their heart rate and conveys information about their emotions via changes in color.
Different colors and light patterns indicate when the dog is happy, excited or relaxed, giving owners a deeper understanding of what their dog is feeling in real-time.
Although our dog is getting awfully close to speaking English, this would be great interim step!
Jenny Q


text:
Rank Progress has bought a plot in Mielec. It plans to build a shopping centre there. Galeria Aviator will have a total area of almost 34 thousand sqm and over 26 thousand sqm of leasable area.
The complex will include: a home and garden hypermarket, grocery supermarket, fitness centre, electronics and household appliances household market, and convenient parking lot with 1.2 thousand spaces. Furthermore, the first multiplex cinema in this region, Cinema3D, will rise there. This will be the first such modern facility in a town with a population of nearly 65 thousand citizens.
"Galleria Aviator is another significant step in our expansion and development plans", says Jan Mroczka, President of Rank Progress S.A.


text:
Company News
Ohio Green Energy Center Wins 2009 SWANA Innovation Award
LONG BEACH, CA – Sept 24, 2009 FirmGreen, Inc. announces that its Green Energy Center (GEC) project developed in partnership with Solid Waste Authority of Central Ohio (SWACO), was recognized by Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) with the 2009 Innovation Award. SWANA's Excellence Awards were held at its annual Wastecon show, held September 22-24 in Long Beach, CA.
Key to the project's recognition is its direct use of landfill gas(LFG) to produce CNG vehicle fuel; the majority of landfill-to-energy projects produce electrical power or generate steam for boilers. The facility was designed to take advantage of the unique attributes of FirmGreen's CO2 Wash® technology that clean contaminants from LFG and separate CO2 from methane in a single process, to produce a highly purified methane that is able to meet OEM vehicle fuel specifications for biomethane.
The project also received recognition from the U.S. EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) in January 2009 with a Project of the Year award. click here for more info
To learn more about FirmGreen's renewably souced CNG — branded as gCNG®, click here.
To find out more about the benefits of our waste-to-fuel projects, click here.
FirmGreen® is a privately held, integrated energy company participating in virtually all aspects of the global green energy business. FirmGreen identifies, develops, and commercializes new and emerging technologies, and alternative fuels that promise to play an increasingly important role in the world's energy mix.
FirmGreen uses its proprietary biogas processing technology to convert landfill gas to renewable CNG. The company provides fleet services to help communities make the transition to green CNG (gCNG®), a clean and sustainable fuel from domestic resources.
|Copyright © 2003 - 2014 FirmGreen, Inc.® | All Rights Reserved


text:
Wednesday July 14th
Tsurumine High School – Day 3
This was our final day at Tsurumine High School. Okaasan made me obento again (which was very good) and we headed off for school. I didn't talk to as many of the students individually today as I had done the day before. After the day's English lessons (in which I had a quiz and gave my presentation on the school life at CGSB), Takahito rushed me back to the Home Room to get another class picture as the first one taken yesterday was blurred.


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Update to yesterday's posting
Thank you for posting the info I sent yesterday about the newly established Sanderson Athletics Hall of Fame. If you do...


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Really fast processing and shipping of my order. MJM Magic has great products, prices, and returning customer discounts! Thank you!
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Lucky for me, MJM was one of the first online shops that I've tried. All of my questions have been answered to satisfaction, and their service is the...
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Online Article Directory!
Wooden Baby Toys Precious Gifts to Treasure
There is something just that little bit more special about well-made wooden baby toys. Wood is a wonderful material for use in the home. It is natural, beautiful and when used by reputable manufacturers are safe for baby toys. You can also buy wooden baby toys that are sourced from sustainable, certificated forests. This means you can do your bit for the environment when you are buying baby toys.
Educational Fun
The great thing about wooden baby toys is that they can help babies to develop key life skills. These brightly coloured, and generally safe toys are very attractive to babies and offer great ways for them to learn. Assisting with development is very important in the early stages of life. Educational wooden baby toys can help to develop skills such as focusing, colour recognition, manual dexterity and much more.
This means not only will babies enjoy these toys but they can also benefit from learning through play.
Types of Wooden Baby Toys
There are many fantastic high quality wooden baby toys on the market. These are designed specifically for babies and very young children and when purchased from reputable outlets are safe and durable. Wooden baby toys are usually decorated with child-safe paints when they are finished to a high quality. Here are just some of the wonderful wooden baby toys available to buy online:
• Bead Stations – wooden coloured beads make attractive and engaging toys for babies. Bead stations have been popular baby toys for many years now. You can find bead stations that can be used with high chairs, tables, floors, pushchairs and cribs. This provides a secure way to set up the beads so that tiny fingers can play with them without any risk of them being trapped or coming loose.
• Peg Puzzles – these basic puzzles are another firm favourite when it comes to wooden baby toys. Peg puzzles are designed for tiny fingers and the pegs make it easy for babies to lift out the pieces and replace them. Puzzle games are very important for developing a wide range of skills including problem solving, spatial awareness and manual dexterity. You can find lots of beautiful peg puzzles from farmyard animals through to numbers and letters.
• Wooden Animals – babies and young children are fascinated by animals. You can assist with shape recognition and learning with wonderful animal activity toys. Miniature wooden animals are available in all shapes and sizes. A popular choice is a Noah's Ark style wooden toy. This features a wooden ark on wheels that can be pulled along. The Ark is then filled with soft fabric or chunky wooden animals that babies can take out and play with separately.
• Building Blocks – building blocks have been around for many years and offer great basic wooden baby toys. These blocks are often decorated with brightly coloured shapes, letters and numbers to aid with learning whilst babies play. Blocks are great for developing spatial awareness and manual dexterity skills.
John Ashleigh - About Author:
There is a great selection of beautiful wooden baby toys available online now. These fantastic toys not only look lovely but are also safe for babies and can assist with developing key skills.
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text: Book reviews and all things books I mostly read and review police procedures, crime and psychological thrillers. You will also find author interviews, guest post and a very popular feature #TopFiveThursday where fellow book bloggers talk about their favourite books, authors and much more. I try to post new content most days but sometimes less due to work commitments.


text: Two suspected bank robbers led police on a wild goose chase around Los Angeles on Wednesday, which ended in the alleged robbers throwing the stolen money out in streets. Crowds of people picked up the cash, which the police have asked to be returned. Unfortunately, they haven't received a dime back yet. Watch the footage here.


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Andersen is a Danish traditional furniture company that has been making timeless furniture since 1916. Andersen have a passion and love for beautiful craftsmanship that lasts in time in both quality and design. Andersen manufactures their furniture and interior details with heart and soul that is reflected in both quality and design. Here you can find everything from small unique interior objects to beautiful furniture with character that defines your home.
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Accession Number : AD0519280
Title : Fuze, Guided Missile, Mark 330 Mods 0 and 2 for Shrike (AGM-45A): Description and Handling.
Descriptive Note : Technical publication,
Corporate Author : NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER CHINA LAKE CALIF
Personal Author(s) : Davis,Herbert R.
Report Date : FEB 1972
Pagination or Media Count : 33
Abstract : A description of the physical characteristics and functional operation of Fuze, Guided Missile Mk 330 Mod 0 and Mod 2 is given, along with instructions for installing the device in the Shrike (AGM-45A) missile. (Author)
Descriptors : (*GUIDED MISSILE FUZES, AIR TO SURFACE MISSILES), GUIDED MISSILE SAFETY, HANDLING, ARMING DEVICES, INSTALLATION, GUIDED MISSILE WARHEADS, EXPLOSIVE TRAINS, SYNCHROS, INSTRUCTION MANUALS
Subject Categories : Guided Missile Warheads and Fuzes
Ammunition and Explosives
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE