text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 5, 1982
|Filing date
|Mar 24, 1980
|Priority date
|Apr 2, 1979
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Tsuyoshi Kawanabe
|Original Assignee
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (90), Classifications (17), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to an electronic device provided with recording unit in which liquid is made to generate air bubbles by the action of thermal energy and the liquid is made to discharge by the operating force based on the change in the phase of the air bubbles. Further, this invention offers an electronic device capable of representing dense and light print density such as half tone by controlling the number of times of discharge.
In the conventional so called thermal print system where thermal head is made to touch heat sensitive paper to develop color, the time required for the chemical changes for color development on the heat sensitive paper is comparatively long. Therefore in order to repeat electric transmission a plural number of times such as two times or three times, that much more time is required and as a result it was difficult to repeat a plural times while securing practically necessary printing speed. Moreover, high density was not always obtained by leaving the head pressed at the same position of the heat sensitive paper and transmitting electricity a plural number of times.
In the thermal ink jet system according to this invention, however, since the air bubbles are generated at high speed by heat generation, resultant practical printing speed is not damaged by repeating air bubbles generation many times and discharging the ink many times.
Moreover, since by discharging ink many times to the same position of the printing paper the amount of ink injected to the point of the printing paper is increased, the dot diameter caused by running ink is increased and becomes dense, the large contrast effect of the print is obtained.
Moreover, in the conventional ink jet system, for example, the system in which piezo electric element is used and ink is discharged by the mechanical distortion of ink leading tube, it was hard to obtain contrast of print by large number of times of discharge of ink for reason of limitation caused by response speed of the mechanical distortion and for the following reasons.
For constructional reason of establishing piezo electric elements around the lead-out tube, it was hard to arrange a large number of the lead-out tubes so close to one another as the proper character dot pitches. Accordingly, the method in which many dots are discharged by moving a small number of lead-out tubes mechanically in the vertical or horizontal direction of the character was employed in many cases. In this case, time is naturally required in the mechanical shifting and operation.
Therefore, it was necessary to end this movement and stopping in smallest possible time in order to obtain required printing speed. However, there is limit in machine speed. For this reason, it was difficult to perform a large number of times of ink discharge without sacrificing practical printing speed.
On the contrary, in the thermal ink jet system according to this invention, since its construction is so simple as to fill a large number of grooves provided on one surface of the base board with ink and to give thermal energy selectively corresponding to the grooves, recording can be made as close to each other as the same degree of the dot pitches of practical character similar to the thermal head for conventional heat sensitive paper.
Accordingly, by employing such a multi-head configuration as this, mechanical driving of the head becomes unnecessary and improvement of printing speed is attained without adding the time required in the mechanical driving.
Moreover, a large number of times of ink discharge can be made within the range of practical printing speed.
Furthermore, the number of liquid drops discharged at the same time can also be controlled easily.
Now the configuration and operation of each section of an embodiment will be described in detail referring to the drawing.
FIG. 1 shows the slant view of the invented recording unit.
FIG. 2 shows the head section thereof and main configuration of the ink tank.
FIG. 3(A), (B), and (C) are partial enlarged drawing and cross sectional view thereof.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the total configuration of electronic type desk calculator given as an example of electronic device.
FIG. 5 shows the driving circuit of the recording unit among each block shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a logical block diagram explaining mainly the control of recording unit among each block of FIG. 4.
FIGS. 7(A), (B), (C), and (D) are timing charts showing the waveform of each signal in the control circuit shown in FIGS. 4-6.
FIGS. 8(A), (B) and (C) are drawings which compare and explain that the discharged ink represents density as large and small dots on the printing paper.
FIG. 9 is the slant view of another embodiment.
FIGS. 10(A) and (B) are the cross section thereof.
FIGS. 11(A) and (B) show an example of the driving circuit thereof.
FIGS. 12(A), (B), and (C) show the comparison of prints.
FIGS. 13 and 14 are the drawings for other embodiments.
In FIG. 1, the recorder unit 1 consists of a lid baseboard 2 having a duct which serves as the ink leadout pipe, a heater base board 3 provided with a heater, wiring and electrodes corresponding to said groove, an ink tank 4, ink supply case 5, ink receiver 6 and a pump 6' which collect and return overflowed ink, a signal wire 7, other things such as ink pipe. However, the ink receiver 6, and the collecting pump 6' can be omitted if ink is prevented from flowing out by adjusting pressure.
The liquid drop 8 of the ink discharged from the nozzle formed by said lid baseboard 2 with groove and said heater baseboard 3 represent dots letters and figures on the printing paper 9.
The printing paper 9 is fed upward by the rotation of paper feed roller 12 which is activated through the transmission mechanism 11 consisting of gears by the power of the motor 10.
If here, the full multihead configuration is used in which said grooves and heaters are arranged close to each other in required dot number and at predetermined dot pitches, this head unit 1 is not required to be shifted at all. In the above-mentioned configuration the heaters, which correspond to the required dots in a line in horizontal direction, are first electrically selected and, by the bubble formation in the grooves corresponding to these heaters, the ink is pushed out and liquid drops are discharged. Next, after the printing paper has been sent upward by 1 dot pitch by the power of said motor, necessary dots on one line in horizontal direction are printed in similar manner. By repeating these operations for required number of lines, the required letters and drawings are represented.
For example, in order to print characters of 20 places on one line by employing the 5 horizontal�7 vertical dots per character system frequently used in the representation of characters, it is sufficient to form a head unit having 5�20=100 grooves and to feed paper 7 times.
FIG. 2 is the exploded view of record head. On the lid baseboard with grooves, a plural number of grooves 13, which correspond to the required number of dots, are carved almost parallel to each other and on the heater baseboard 3 heaters 14 are formed on the midway section of the groove, facing these grooves and corresponding to each groove.
As the method for forming a plural number of heaters on the baseboard, similar to the ordinary method of forming multithermal head, universally known techniques or similar technique are used as semiconductor technique, thin film, thick film technique, and the surface of the baseboard is smoothened in order to obtain better contact with grooved lid baseboard 2. Each of the heaters 14 is wired by way of wiring pattern 15 on the baseboard and the electrode 16 to the signal line 7 consisting of that cable etc., and driven electrically.
FIG. 3 is a magnified view of the head unit. FIG. 3(A) is the side view, FIG. 3(C) is the cross-sectional view from sideway (A--A cross section in FIG. 3(B)), FIG. 3(B) shows discharge port or the cross sectional view (B--B cross section in FIG. 3(C)) from orifice OF side.
In FIG. 3(C) when the heater 14 is powered and heated, the ink in the groove 13, which is in contact with the heater by way of the protecting layer, is heated and the air bubbles 21 are rapidly generated, and being pushed out by the pressure the ink is rapidly discharged in the form of liquid drops 8 from the discharge port. By conducting electrically and heating the heaters, which correspond to required dots selectively and either simultaneously or sequentially, the ink in the corresponding grooves is discharged rapidly from orifice OF and recorded on the printing paper 9. The air bubbles disappear there. If here the position of heater 14 is too close to the orifice OF side, the air bubbles 21 are also discharged together with the liquid drops and may break and disperse the liquid drops 8. If on the contrary the heater 14 is placed too far away from the orifice OF, the liquid drops 8 may not be discharged. This is the reason why the heater 14 is placed at midway position.
The configuration and operation of an electronic desk calculator will be explained in the following as an example of electronic devices in which the thermal ink jet recording unit shown in the above drawings is built in.
In FIG. 4, the arithmetic and logic unit 18 performs together with the memory unit 19 necessary operations and processings such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, memory storage and reading based on data input as number setting from keyboard and each operation command.
Here, the data required to be recorded such as the numbers to be operated and the results of arithmetic operations are sent to the control unit 20 based on the command of keyboard 17 and by way of the arithmetic and logical unit 18 and there compiled into data format required for recording.
Further, these data are encoded in heater control circuit into dot output necessary for each character by way of character generator and sent to each thermal head selectively by way of the heater driver circuit 22.
On the other hand, in order to perform paper feed for 1 dot every time the selective transmission of electricity in each dot line, the signal caused by the motor control circuit 23 is applied to the motor by way of the motor driving circuit 24, and the printing paper 9 is fed by the rotation of the roller.
The printer unit 29 consists together with the ink supply unit 25 composed of the ink tank 4, ink supply case 5, etc., of heater and nozzle unit 26, and motor and roller 27 and necessary dot printing is made by the repetition of the ink discharge caused by selective transmission of electricity of the heater and the repetition of paper feed by the motor.
Necessary power is supplied to each section from the power supply 28.
Moreover, the method in which electricity is transmitted to each head in time-sharing system with wirings of matrix formation made by connecting heaters of the dots corresponding to each position in common, is employed in the heater driving circuit 22.
The main sections of the heater control circuit 22 are shown in FIG. 6 where the sections control the multiple times of ink discharge.
As described above, the input data 30 coming from the arithmetic and logic unit 18 and control unit 20 are input to the character generator 31. The digit counter 32 which counts the number of digits designates one digit of input data and at the same time the contents of the counter are decoded by the decoder 33 to form each digit signal D1 -Dn as shown in FIG. 7(B). These digit signals, D1 -Dn are applied to each digit of the heater by way of the driver circuit 22.
To the character generator 31 is output the code output 36 of the dots whose line is designated by the dot line counter 35 and which correspond to the input data 30 whose digit has been designated as described above. In the case of 5�7 dots per character as described above, the dot line counter is on radix 7 and the code output 36 becomes 5 lines.
The cases of the 1 time discharge per digit and of 2 time discharge per digit are selected by the flip-flop 39. It is assumed here that in FIG. 7, the basic timing signals T1 -T4 are repeated as shown in FIG. 7(A) and each digit signal D1, D2 . . . Dn of FIG. 7(B) synchronized to the trailing edge of T4.
Whether the printing is made in half tone or dense in full tone is commanded by the keyboard. Based on this command, the set or reset input signal of flip-flop 39 is applied selectively by way of the control unit 20. For example the method in which exclusive keys used to select whether deep printing or light printing will be made are provided or the method in which deep and light commands are sent by deciding the kinds of keys in the control circuit 20 such as making light printing for the numbers operated by � � keys and making deep printing of the results of arithmetic operation given by = key is used.
In other words, when the flip-flop 39 is set by the set input 37 of the flip-flop 39, its output, together with the timing T3, is ORed with the timing T1 by the OR gate 43 via the AND gate 42.
In other words, both T1 and T2 are applied to each AND gate 44 together with each of character code outputs 36.
Accordingly, H1 -H5 of each head driving signal 45 are output 2 times at time of each digit of each signal H1 -H5. Ink is discharged two times by the 2-time driving of the head and a large ink spread is made on the printing paper as shown in FIG. 8(B).
On the contrary, in the case where the reset input 38 is applied to the reset input terminal of the flip-flop 39 as shown in FIG. 6, the AND gate 42 will not open and the output of the OR gate 43 is only T1, and the output 45 of each signal H1 -H5 is made one time for each digit as shown in FIG. 7(C).
Accordingly, compared with the case when driving is made two times, the amount of the ink is halved and makes a small dot on the printing paper as shown in FIG. 8(A), which appear to human eye as a light half tone. As has been described so far the number of times of ink discharge can be selected and accordingly the amount of ink on the printing paper, dot diameter, or dot density can be controlled by a simple configuration attained by adding one flip-flop and small number of gates beside a set of character generator and counter.
This enables electronic type desk calculator to represent distinctions between the number of grooves and results of arithmetic operation and between the numbers used in arithmetic operations and the date print as easily understandable print density.
FIG. 8(C) shows an example where feed pitch of the printing paper is reduced in order to reduce the vertical dot intervals at time of half tone.
Although in this embodiment selection of one time discharge and two time discharge were taken as an example, it is evident that by making a small addition to the logical circuit more dense print can be obtained with three or more times the discharge.
Moreover, the method of selecting the number of dots in the unit area on the printing paper by deflecting the flight direction of liquid drops by means of static deflection or magnetic deflection in order to represent density tone on the printing paper is also known.
However, since this method requires a large scale device for deflection, it is inpracticable in the electronic type desk calculator where only characters are printed.
Furthermore, as the methods for obtaining dense or light print, such methods as selecting the nozzle diameter for the purpose of selecting the size of the diameter of ink drops or as selecting the voltage to be applied to the head can be considered.
However, these methods need a complicated technique in the determination of nozzle structure and in the selector circuit of applied voltage.
Contrary to this since in this invention the ink is only discharged to the same point for a plural number of times, the nozzle structure and driving mechanism need no additional parts and since only a portion of logic circuit is attached to the control circuit, the practical effect is great.
Especially, in an electronic type desk calculator where all arithmetic, logical, and control circuit are LSIed (large scale integrated circuitized), addition of logical circuit in the LSI is advantageous expensewise as compared to the addition of mechanical structure.
An embodiment in which control is made to discharge liquid drops from a single nozzle by a single dot information source has been described. An embodiment in which the discharge from a plural number of nozzles is controlled and driven will be described hereafter.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-8, one dot information, for example CHI among the code outputs 36 drives HI among the head driving signals 45 by way of the gate 44 as shown in FIG. 5, and in FIG. 6, one heater is supplied with electricity and heated when HI is synchronized with one of the time division signals DD1-DDn, and the ink drops are discharged from one nozzle for one time or for plural number of times. In the embodiment shown in the following FIGS. 9-14, driving is made so that a plural number of liquid drops are discharged from a plural number of nozzles caused by a single dot information output signal. By this means the quality of the print is further improved and the density of the print can be selected by a simple control.
FIG. 9 is a slant view describing the recording head unit which is almost similar to the one shown in FIG. 2 above.
In FIG. 9, grooves are formed on upper and lower stages GT11, GT11', GT21, GT21' to have a plural number of orifices OF11, OF11' OF21, OF21' in vertical direction and corresponding to each two sheets of heater base board SB1 and SB2 are constructed at upper and lower sections. In the horizontal direction two each of heaters, for example TH21 and TH21', are connected parallelwise on the baseboard.
FIG. 10 shows the cross section of the head unit shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 10(A) shows the cross section viewed from the orifice side and FIG. 10(B) shows the cross section at one groove viewed from the lateral direction. If here, for example, two grooves adjacent in horizontal direction to each other and two grooves corresponding in vertical direction are totaled, and the four grooves GT11, GT11', GT21, GT21' are controlled simultaneously or time divisionally by the driving signal from one dot information, four liquid drops are discharged either simultaneously or time-divisionally.
In other words, in the two sheets of heater base boards SB1 and SB2 shown in FIG. 9 two adjacent heaters TH11 and TH11', and TH21 and TH21' are respectively connected electrically parallelwise, led to the driving circuit by the signalling cables CB1 and CB2 and, if further, heaters corresponding vertically are connected parallelwise, a total of four heaters are connected in parallel.
In such connection, if one dot information and onetime division signal are supplied, the four heaters are heated simultaneously and four liquid drops are discharged simultaneously.
This example of electrical connection is shown in FIG. 11.
FIG. 11(A) shows two heaters TH11 and TH11' connected in parallel as described above. This corresponds to one of the two sheets of heater base board shown in FIG. 9.
In other words, although the drawing is omitted, if one more set of the same circuit connection formation as shown FIG. 11(A) is provided and, if for each signal HD1-HD5 and DD1-DDn, signals on these two sheets which correspond to them are connected, each becomes parallel. Similarly it is possible to make 2 sheets of heater base boards parallel by connecting two heaters TH11 and TH11' in series as shown in FIG. 11(B).
Including other parallel-serial combinations, four heaters can be driven simultaneously in each case. It is also possible to drive time-divisionally the upper side heater base board SD1 and lower side heater base board SB2 by sharing the time. Of course, it is also effective to combine and drive a plural number of heaters such as two, three, five, seven, six, eight etc., not limiting to four heaters.
Now, the difference in dot representation on the printing paper will be compared in FIG. 12 for the case, for example, two vertical and two horizontal heaters are driven simultaneously and four liquid drops are discharged simultaneously.
FIG. 12(A) shows the example of print given by the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-8 mentioned above, where one liquid drop is discharged and represented on the printing paper as a dot by one dot information.
On the contrary, in the present embodiment, since four dots are recorded by one dot information as shown in FIG. 12(B), each corner of the character is represented sharply and the print quality is improved. Moreover, if formation is so made that the upper and lower heater base board described above are controlled separately on the driving circuit side and if selection is made to drive only, for example, the upper side heater base board, since upper two dots are recorded by a single dot information as shown in FIG. 12(A), the total density becomes one half of FIG. 12(B) and the half tone is represented.
In FIGS. 9, 10, and 11, an embodiment was described in which one heater is made to correspond to one groove and these combinations are connected either in series or in parallel. FIG. 13 shows an embodiment which is provided with a heater having a width sufficient to correspond to two adjacent grooves and to heat the ink in these two grooves simultaneously.
According to this embodiment, there is no need of connecting heaters either in serial or in parallel in horizontal direction and by connecting in serial-parallel the two corresponding heaters in upper direction or by separately driving time divisionally, a total of four liquid drops are discharged.
In FIG. 9 and in FIGS. 10(A) and (B) an example in which two stages of grooves in vertical direction are formed in parallel was explained.
FIG. 14 shows the cross sectional view of an embodiment in which the directions of upper and lower grooves converge on the orifice side. This enables the two dots recorded on the printing paper to approach in vertical direction compared with FIG. 12(B) or to be partially overlapped. Similarly, by using the construction in which the grooves have the shape of being concentrated in two, the dot recording on horizontal direction can be made closer or overlapped.
As have been described so far, according to the embodiment, by forming grooves and heaters minutely in plural numbers and by connecting each heater simply in serial-parallel, a plural number of dot recordings are made by single dot information and print quality is improved without adding any control logical circuit. Further, half tone is represented by selectively driving some of the plural number of heaters.
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|Inkjet printhead with bubble trap and air vents
|Feb 24, 2014
|Aug 28, 2014
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Liquid container and liquid ejecting apparatus
|Aug 3, 2001
|Oct 7, 2008
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Ink jet recording apparatus and method using ink jet head having u-shaped wiring
|Jan 4, 1994
|Dec 15, 2005
|Xerox Corp.
|Tintenstrahl-Druckkopf f�r Halbton- und Textdrucken
|Jan 26, 1984
|Nov 7, 1984
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method of generating an N-tone gray scale with a thermal ink jet printer, and apparatus therefor
|Jan 26, 1984
|Mar 19, 1986
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method of generating an n-tone gray scale with a thermal ink jet printer, and apparatus therefor
|Dec 14, 1984
|Oct 30, 1985
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Ink recording device with variable character quality
|Apr 16, 1987
|Mar 16, 1988
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method for printing gray scales with a thermal ink jet printer
|Apr 16, 1987
|Aug 30, 1989
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method for printing gray scales with a thermal ink jet printer
|Nov 26, 1987
|Jun 15, 1988
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Thin film vertical resistor devices for a thermal ink jet printhead and methods of manufacture
|Nov 26, 1987
|May 16, 1990
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Thin film vertical resistor devices for a thermal ink jet printhead and methods of manufacture
|Oct 18, 1990
|Apr 24, 1991
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Driving device for recording head and recording apparatus having said device
|Oct 18, 1990
|Nov 6, 1991
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Driving device for recording head and recording apparatus having said device
|Jan 13, 1997
|Apr 7, 1999
|Lexmark International, Inc.
|Apparatus for driving multiple inkjet printheads
|Nov 21, 1986
|Jun 4, 1987
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Multitone ink jet printer and method of operation
|U.S. Classification
|347/12, 347/57, 347/15, 347/43
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Notes from The Semantics of Simplicity - M2M Intelligence and Complex Adaptive Systems, Geoff Brown. Can we withstand events like Katrina - what happens when civilian and command-and-control infrastructure collapses? Can we build a really resilient infrastructure that can withstand such events. Thesis: OSI seven-layer stack is brittle and static, we want more flexibility about the locus of control, and new layers. Specifically an eighth layer valued information at the right time (VIRT), and zeroth m2mi. Supposedly, this will allow a machine to reconfigure the stack and protocols dynamically.
I found it all very high level, abstract, and not very convincing [note: edited to improve the tone].

subset: commoncrawl


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Dating back to the 1800's, the old saying "Keep a stiff upper lip" suggests that when faced with adversity, fear or sadness we should just suppress our feelings and keep our emotions bottled up.
For many generations people have been led to believe that vulnerability is a sign of weakness. In actual fact, when it comes to relationships – it is a HUGE strength!
When we enter into a relationship, we can often put a guard up without even meaning to. We do it because it's easier than facing the fear of opening ourselves up to rejection, criticism or negativity.
It's when we let that guard down that we can really build the trust and respect that every relationship thrives on. Being vulnerable is natural. It makes us human and ultimately enables us to connect with one another. It's not until we allow ourselves to be vulnerable that we are really able to feel empathy towards each other.
It's not just personal relationships that benefit from being open, honest and vulnerable – business relationships are also dramatically improved. We see the people we work with every day, sometimes more than our own family; so we need to be able to connect with them and form that personal bond.
When we show our vulnerable side to someone we aren't showing them that we are weak, we're showing them that we trust them enough to open up and show them the real us. Flaws and all.
Let's face it, we aren't superheroes and no-one expects us to be. We don't have to be strong all the time and put up a façade that we are completely in control. Simple things like letting people know when we are worried, just need a bit of help or even admitting that we were wrong, shows that we are indeed human.
But there has to be a balance.
Exposing our insecurities and opening ourselves up for rejection can be one of the scariest things to do and the outcome doesn't always fall in our favor.
It's the way we deal with these negative outcomes that can push us over the fine line between being vulnerable and being needy. Or in a business relationship it can be the difference between being vulnerable and seeming incapable. We need to remember that our happiness and our success in life doesn't depend on the opinions of others or the results of an outcome.
Taking risks and being vulnerable opens your life up to a world of opportunities. We just need to minimize our fear of the unknown and learn to take risks without letting failure, fear or other people's negativity impact on our ability to truly be ourselves.
Until we can do that –we aren't really living.


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This recipe was recently featured over on Paleo Parents for their anniversary. You can read the post here. Happy Anniversary to Matt and Stacy!!!
I took one of our favorite appetizers and made it Paleo, creating Sassy Paleo Jalapeno Poppers. We serve this recipe as a tailgating item or as a dish to pass at a party. No matter the place I take it, people are shocked to learn their favorite appetizer is all natural and free of gluten, dairy and soy. I love the look on people's faces when I explain to them how we make items with cashew cheese.
In this recipe you will find cassava flour and Jackson's Honest Potato chips. The cassava flour helps hold the prosciutto grease and creates the base for the crunchier breading. You can make this recipe without the flour, but it will not hold together well. The chip crumbs will be spotty when rolling it to the prosciutto. I've only made this with Jackson's Honest Potato chips because they are what we have in our house. We love them for their simple ingredients and healthy cooking oil. This said, I have not made them with another chip brand, but I think you could. However, always check your labels and make sure you know what you are putting inside your body…ok…rant is over.
I've tried my best to estimate what you will need, but there is a chance you will cheese or chip crumbs left over…if so…DO NOT THROUGH THEM AWAY! This said, when cooking with all natural ingredients…it can become expensive. I know Matt and Stacy have talked about how to do Paleo on a budget. We never let scraps/extras go to waste in our house. This said, if you have any extra cheese sauce left over, add a little salsa to it and make queso. Or, if you have some extra chip crumbs left over, toss some chicken pieces in it and make chicken tenders.
Yields 12 Jalapeno Poppers Continue reading


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Showing Suppliers 1 - 6 of 6
Grainger Industrial Supply
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Nature enthusiast and wildlife artist Jim Kasper captures the exquisite imagery of loons in this AcuRite 12.5 in. Indoor or Outdoor Thermometer. Features accurate, reliable temperature readings. Weather resistant construction is perfect for indoor or outdoor use. Includes an integrated hang hole for easy mounting. One-year limited warranty. It's more than accurate, it's AcuRite.
- Measures temperatures from -60° to 120° F
- Durable, weather resistant construction
- Easy wall mount
- Perfect for indoor or outdoor use


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Windows XP
Definition - What does Windows XP mean?
Windows XP is an operating system (OS) developed and exclusively distributed by Microsoft Corporation and targeted to owners of personal computers, laptops and media centers. The "XP" stands for eXPerience.
Windows XP was released to manufacturers in August 2001 and publicly released in October 2001. Because of its installed user base, it is the second most popular Windows version.
Techopedia explains Windows XP
The three main Windows XP versions are (were) as follows:
- Home Edition: For basic home users
- Professional Edition: For power users and professionals requiring more advanced features
- Media Center Edition: Not released to retail, this version was made exclusively available to computer manufacturers for installation on desktops/laptops marketed as media center PCs.


text: Index Hierarchy NSURLConnection(RACSupport) Category Reference Declared in NSURLConnection+RACSupport.h Tasks + rac_sendAsynchronousRequest: Class Methods rac_sendAsynchronousRequest: + (RACSignal *)rac_sendAsynchronousRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request Index Hierarchy © 2013 Josh Abernathy. All rights reserved to original authors. (Last updated: 2013-12-25) Generated by appledoc 2.1 (build 858). CocoaDocs.org is Orta Therox & the CocoaPods team. Hosted by Artsy.net.


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First Tutors enables you to find a local physics teacher in Canonbie and across the UK. Local physics tuition is an excellent way to improve confidence while increasing grades and doesn't have to be dull! Please use our service to find Canonbie physics tutors and select the one who best fits your requirements.
First Tutors is the best place to find the top Canonbie physics tutors for your needs, helping you find a private Canonbie physics teacher for any subject, for example, GCSE English, A-Level Maths or even university Physics. We also help with language tuition, so if you want to learn German, take a Russian course or prepare yourself for French life, we can help - and all in Canonbie! Our search will order physics Canonbie teachers in your area by physics lesson costs and proximity to you.
If you are a Canonbie physics tutor wishing to offer your local physics tuition services in Canonbie or the UK, please register with First Tutors or find out more about us here. Private physics tuition is a fantastic way to re-affirm your own physics knowledge while helping someone else, all in your local Canonbie area!


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Meet Nikki
Anti-aging guru and author B.A. Dip. Ed. Graduate Diploma Counselling showing others effective and time – proven ways to radiate youth in their 60's!
If you have ever wished you could lay your hands on a proven anti-aging formula that will assist you in reclaiming good health and youthful vigour, without going through debilitating stress, I have a real proven formula, partnered with scientific proof, to help you stall your age without suffering pain, discomfort or inconvenience.
My passion has always been to help and train others and make a difference in others' lives. My books dwell on the 'Never Give Up" theme. I have seen many people give up too easily and quickly and my books aim to show people there is ALWAYS a solution. You just need to believe you can find it. Self -belief is everything.
- Experienced Seminar Presenter teaching people "Total Focus" trained by John Grant.
- Fully qualified and trained by Benjamin Harvey.
- An accomplished educator and articulate communicator.
- Self-motivated with strong planning, organisational and leadership skills.
- Highly energetic and enthusiastic with a strong work ethic, a commercial eye for business and a positive attitude.
- Author of five books including… 'Your Successful Life' and 'Entrepreneur Within You' 'The Art Of Solving Life's Little Problems' '21st Century Business Card.' '60 is the new 40′


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Home > Blossary: Nature Trip Responsive Template
Nature Trip is a elegant, simple, clean Travel Category Template for Travel Agencies and Tourist Planners. Template coded in Bootstrap framework with j query animation plugin, html 5, css 3 and j query. Template contains blog, gallery, about us, contact us and bootstrap framework element page. Template is responsive and it works nicely on smartphones, tablet and desktops. Download template free and share it with your friends. http://www.templateonweb.com/nature-trip/free-14-60-download
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From: Best Boat Buying Tips | Boating Magazine.
Boat Buying Answers
Q: When is the best time to buy a boat?
A: Beautiful question! And it makes this story all the more timely. It's boat-show season. It's winter. This is when you'll find the best deals because sellers want to get boats moving through the pipeline; late fall is pretty good too, when everyone wants to move inventory. "It's a buyer's market," naval architect Lou Codega says. "Anybody who walks in with money should expect to be treated very, very well." But you need to come into the buying game armed. See, once the seller starts asking the questions, you're his. Don't follow. You ask. You lead. And you can do that by asking these 17 — well, 16 now — questions.
Q: Is the manufacturer still in business?
A: This is reality. Since the Great Recession hit back in December of aught-seven, a few businesses have been folding like poker players with crummy hands. Make sure this boat's manufacturer is up and running, that it will honor the warranty. More on that follows.
Q: Can I have a pre-purchase survey?
A: It'd better be "yes." If you're pulling out of the marina in a new $100,000 machine, you want to know that a boat-construction expert poured over every little detail, every nut, every seal, every potential flaw. Your bank or insurance company may demand it anyway. Finding a surveyor is easy: The National Association of Marine Surveyors (it's even in the name!) and the Society of Accredited Marine Surveyors (ditto!) have a list. Most of our sources put the cost of inspection at roughly $10 per foot. It's a minor investment for a serious buy.
Q: Mind if I take her out for a spin?
A: Again, you want to hear "yes." Never buy a boat without a test spin around the harbor. Oh, sure, the salesman doesn't want to take the boat off the trailer and put it in the water, and of course he'll feed you the line that their insurance doesn't cover it, but, hey, you're the one spending a fortune here, and you want everything to work. If he won't let you wet the hull, take your business elsewhere. "I'm amazed at how often people sometimes buy boats without trying them out," says Winn Willard, director of Hunt Yachts. "Does anyone buy a car without driving it? Honestly, most cars behave kind of the same on the road, but a boat, oh yeah, they could scare you half to death."
Q: What does the warranty cover, exactly?
A: If the radio blows out in your fresh-off-the-lot Porsche 911, the Porsche dealership deals with it. That's not always the case with a boat. If the GPS shoots craps, for instance, some dealers will send you to Raytheon. "You always want to know what kind of guarantee there is up front," says Monterey Boats project manager Roy Ellis. Also ask where you'll take it for a tuneup. Does the warranty cover that? Get it all in writing.
Q: Who are your point people for warranties with the manufacturer?
A: Some boatbuilders have disbanded their warranty departments in recent months. The builders who are confident in their long-term health still have close relationships with their dealers. The names of the people who handle warranties won't mean anything to you, but the fact that the dealer knows them will tell you plenty.
Read more at: Best Boat Buying Tips | Boating Magazine.


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Joel Salatin and the Expression of Chickenness
Joel Salatin runs one of the best examples of a fully functional & productive sustainable farming operation found anywhere in the United States at Polyface Farms. It may not fit the precise permaculture mold, but it does demonstrate what's possible without the use of expensive and destructive chemical inputs & CAFOs (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations).
He recently participated in the TEDxMidAtlantic (similar to TED Talks) series of lectures to discuss the significance of adopting more holistic, comprehensive methods in producing food and tending to the land. Very inspiring and thought provoking.
What are you doing to allow a chicken to fully express its essence of 'chickenness'? Or a cow its essence of 'cowness'? Joel has a few things to say about that.
3 thoughts on "Joel Salatin and the Expression of Chickenness"
You can find more about him in the documentary Food Inc and Michael Pollan's book The Omnivore's Dilemma (the whole big chapter is devoted to his way of doing agriculture). Check http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Salatin for more.
What an amazing clip. I really enjoyed listening to him speak.
Those those interested in regenerative agriculture, polyface farm and Joel Salatin, be aware that Joel will be touring Australia later this year (Nov/Dec). He is visiting TAS,VIC,ACT,NSW & QLD where he'll be conducting 2-day intense workshops covering the whole Polyface farm operation, from pastured poultry right through to all the things he wants to do that are illegal!
See RegenAG.com for full details.


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"The Principal of Change"...
Hi All,
I'm a lurker in this course and have been reading all your blog posts. I thoroughly enjoyed this post on "The Principal of Change," especially The Cup Song. The added bonus was David Letterman pointing out Anna Kendrick's self-deprecating comments. And yes, it was an intervention, Anna! Too many women feel the need to do this.
Barbara Wheat
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Thank you Barbara! I appreciate the feedback and this was something that I stumbled upon and it completely surprised me!By deannagrabelle () on October 16, 2012. [Reply]
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Zoo Support
The involvement of zoos in Amur leopard conservation is essential and their most important contributions can be broken down into four broad categories:
1) Increasing public awareness
Zoos play a very valuable role in making the public aware of the existence of Amur leopard and the urgent need to improve its conservation. The Amur leopard is much less well known than its larger "cousin", the Amur tiger. As a result, most attention and international conservation funds have focused on Amur tigers. As the remaining wild Amur leopards do not live where the main population of Amur tigers can be found, they have gained little from conservation efforts for Amur tigers. Increasing popularity of the Amur leopard and awareness of its urgent conservation needs in both Russia and countries in the west is therefore essential.
2) Financial support
Zoos provide much needed funds for the Amur leopard and more than 40 zoos worldwide have contributed to Amur leopard in situ conservation (probably a world record for a single subspecies program). European zoos (EAZA) have provided approximately $600,000 in total and North American zoos (AZA) approximately $150,000 in total to ALTA partners since 1996.
3) Generation of useful data and skills
This is a very diverse category which includes development of safe anesthesia techniques, pugmark measurements for calibration of field signs, blood samples for genetic studies, pelage photos for taxonomic research and much more. Husbandry and veterinary skills developed in zoos can be transferred to the wild and data gathered from both captive and wild leopards will provide valuable information for the proposed reintroduction plan.
4) Maintaining a "genetic reservoir" for reintroduction
Providing leopards for reintroduction
There are presently approximately 200 Amur leopards in the European and North-American zoo breeding programmes.
The Amur leopard is probably the only large cat for which a reintroduction programme using zoo stock is likely to take place in the near future. The European Zoo breeding programme (EEP) has in place a breeding management strategy with this goal of being able to provide suitable animals for reintroduction.
A reintroduction plan has been prepared by local and international experts including WCS, ZSL, WWF Russia, Lazovsky Nature Reserve, the local NGO ISUNR, and the Russian Academy of Sciences' Pacific Institute of Geography and Institute of Biology and Soils. We expect that in 1-2 years from now preparations in the field (building of holding facilities and other infrastructure) will have begun and we are currently waiting for formal approval for the plan to go ahead from the Russian authorities.


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Letters to the Editors
To city, Phillies: Not everyone likes plans for stadium
© St. Petersburg Times, published December 15, 2000
When you want to do something unpopular, there is a strategy that goes like this: Eliminate your options in order to convince people that your plan now has to go forward. Well, folks, we better wake up because our options are being eliminated to accommodate the interests of a few.
The city of Clearwater, in concert with the Phillies, has been pushing to build a new stadium/sports complex with shops and restaurants on top of the old landfill across from St. Petersburg Junior College at Drew Street and Old Coachman Road. But they are being vigorously opposed by a growing organization of local homeowners from the surrounding neighborhoods, which quickly realized the devastation to their property values that this intrusion would cause.
The whole area is experiencing an epidemic of sinkholes, with more than 30 homes now having claims serviced for damages. This, on top of ongoing flooding problems in the adjacent College Hill neighborhood, will set up these homeowners for accelerated losses from impact of the construction upon the sinkhole activity, not to mention the loss of the neighborhoods' property values because of exploding traffic conditions, loud concerts, fireworks and sports revelers partying into the night and flying through these neighborhood streets.
The Northeast Clearwater Regional Homeowners Group has met several times with the city and urged it to stay away from the Drew Street landfill and Carpenter Field locations and consider other options. The first consideration for a new Phillies stadium is the present location at Jack Russell Stadium. With its 16.9 acres, there is sufficient land for the new complex. Why not build the new complex with its improvements and retail opportunities where it currently exists and enhance its present community rather than trash hundreds of homes in an unwanted location?
What is the benefit to us, the homeowners and taxpayers of Clearwater? Phillies fans are already going to the games where they are being played, just give them the new stadium there.
News about youngsters refreshing
What a pleasure to read of the accomplishments of the youngsters in your Nov. 30 editorial, Congratulations to some special young people.
The girl, Ryan McCullers, receives all of our admiration for her sensitivity to others not as fortunate as she. And then to read about the Tarpon Springs High School marching band was just the icing on the cake.
I don't believe anyone not connected with these youngsters realizes the hours they (and their parents) put into their work.
How wonderful to read of these youngsters, when usually the news is filled with misery and death. Let's have more of these inspiring pieces.
© 2006 • All Rights Reserved • Tampa Bay Times
490 First Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-893-8111
From the Times
North Pinellas desks


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Thank you for your business. Hope you are having a great HALOday!
We will be open Friday and
Shop Small Saturday
11am to 8pm
Sunday noon to 6pm
In anticipation of the holiday season, we have stocked up on all your holiday jewelry needs.
We have new jewelry in all sizes, for yourself or that special someone.
See you soon.


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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
Myeloid colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) decrease the risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) from high-risk chemotherapy regimens administered to patients at 20% or greater risk of FN, but little is known about their use in clinical practice. We evaluated CSF use in a multiregional population-based cohort of lung and colorectal cancer patients (N = 1849). Only 17% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8% to 26%) patients treated with high-risk chemotherapy regimens received CSFs, compared with 18% (95% CI = 16% to 20%) and 10% (95% CI = 8% to 12%) of patients treated with intermediate- (10%–20% risk of FN) and low-risk (<10% risk of FN) chemotherapy regimens, respectively. Using a generalized estimating equation model, we found that enrollment in a health maintenance organization (HMO) was strongly associated with a lower adjusted odds of discretionary CSF use, compared with non-HMO patients (odds ratio = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.60, P < .001). All statistical tests were two-sided. Overall, 96% (95% CI = 93% to 98%) of CSFs were administered in scenarios where CSF therapy is not recommended by evidence-based guidelines. This finding suggests that policies to decrease CSF use in patients at lower or intermediate risk of FN may yield substantial cost savings without compromising patient outcomes.
Use of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) with chemotherapy regimens decreases the risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients who are at high risk. CSFs are expensive ($2000 per cycle of chemotherapy), but not much is known about whether it is under- or overused in clinical practice.
Associations between CSF use outside of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and multiple sociodemographic and clinical factors, chemotherapy regimens (high-risk, intermediate-risk, and low-risk), and health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollment were assessed in 1785 lung or colorectal cancer patients enrolled by the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium (CanCORS).
Only 17% patients receiving high-risk chemotherapy regimens (≥20% risk of FN) received CSFs compared with 18% intermediate- (10–20% risk of FN) and 10% low-risk (<10% risk of FN) regimens. Factors that showed a strong association with CSF use included intermediate-risk regimens, severe comorbidity, having small-cell lung cancer, and non-HMO enrollment. Overall 96% of CSF use occurred outside the current evidence-based American Society of Clinical Oncology and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.
Lower discretionary use of CSFs in HMO plans (financial compensation has no incentives for physicians), suggests that financial interests could be driving the higher discretionary use of CSFs in non-HMO plans, and decreasing the unnecessary use of CSFs may reduce costs without compromising the quality of treatment.
CSF use may have changed in patients since the time they were treated (2004–2006), and data on white blood cell counts or diagnoses of FN episodes were not obtained. The analysis may have underestimated the use of CSF.
From the Editors
Neutropenia is a potentially serious complication of chemotherapy that increases the risk of life-threatening infections because of an abnormally low number of neutrophils in the blood. Myeloid colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), when given prophylactically, substantially decrease the risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) (1,2) and are widely used in clinical practice since their approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the early 1990s (2–5). CSFs now used in practice include granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF; filgrastim), pegylated G-CSF (pegfilgrastim), and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF; sargramostim). The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) first introduced guidelines on the use of CSFs in 1994, which recommend primary prophylaxis (ie, with the first cycle of chemotherapy) with a CSF when the anticipated risk of FN associated with chemotherapy is 40% or higher (changed to ≥20% in 2006) (6,7). The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines also recommend CSFs when FN risk is high (≥20%) and recommend consideration of CSFs when there is an intermediate risk (10%–20%) of chemotherapy-induced FN (8,9). The NCCN guidelines also suggest consideration of CSFs for secondary prophylaxis (ie, in patients who experience FN in a previous chemotherapy cycle) if dose reduction may compromise survival. None of the above guidelines recommend using CSFs to maintain chemotherapy dose and schedule.
Although CSFs are an important therapeutic advance for patients at high risk of neutropenic complications, little is known about their use in general clinical practice. The only population-based study conducted thus far examined the discretionary use of CSFs in the region of western Washington and suggested that they are most likely overused (10). Given the high costs of CSFs ($2000 per chemotherapy cycle), understanding the multiple factors associated with their use may have important implications for optimizing the use of CSFs in clinical practice.
In this study, we examined the patterns of CSF use in a population-based, observational, multiregional cohort of lung and colorectal cancer patients receiving care in diverse health-care settings and assessed the association of clinical factors and type of insurance with discretionary CSF use outside of the ASCO and NCCN guidelines. Study subjects were patients aged 21 years or older who were diagnosed with lung or colorectal cancer from September, 2003, through December, 2005, and enrolled by the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium (CanCORS) (11). CanCORS patients have been shown to be representative of all cancer cases reported by National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (12). Data collection included surveys of patients or their surrogates approximately 4 months after diagnosis. Data on chemotherapy regimens, CSF use, cancer stage and histology, and comorbidities (13) were abstracted from medical records through 15 months after diagnosis. We used information from four of the seven CanCORS data collection sites, which collected complete information on CSF use. Three sites were population-based cancer registries, and the fourth was a system of health maintenance organizations (HMOs). These sites obtained local institutional review board approval and patient consent to participate.
We classified chemotherapy regimens received by FN risk as follows: low (<10% risk), intermediate (10%–20% risk), or high (≥20%) using NCCN guidelines (14). Primary prophylaxis was defined as receiving CSF within the first 5 days of initiating a new chemotherapy regimen. Because each patient could have received CSFs over multiple chemotherapy regimens, a generalized estimating equation regression model was used with multiple observations (ie, chemotherapy regimens) per patient, thus accounting for autocorrelation effects (clustering of regimens within patients). The model was used to examine associations between CSF use (yes or no) and independent sociodemographic (age, race or ethnicity, sex), clinical (cancer type, stage, histology, comorbidities, FN), insurance type (HMO vs non-HMO), and chemotherapy regimen (based on risk of FN) covariates. We performed two-sided Wald χ2 tests to assess statistical significance of the association with covariates, and all P values less than .05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Overall, we identified 1849 patients who received chemotherapy that formed our study cohort. Only 64 of these patients received a "high-risk" chemotherapy regimen, identified by the inclusion of the drug topotecan, which is linked with a high risk (≥20%) of FN (14). Among these 64 high-risk patients, 11 received CSFs (17%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8% to 26%). This represented 4% (95% CI = 2% to 7%) of all patients who received CSFs (n = 268) in the study cohort. This finding suggested that given the strong evidence base and guidelines for CSF prophylaxis, interventions to increase CSF use was warranted in these patients.
Because so few patients received high-risk chemotherapy regimens, we focused our analyses on the factors that are associated with CSF use among patients receiving low- and intermediate-risk regimens, where all CSF use is discretionary. Table 1 shows the distribution of the sociodemographic, clinical, and health-care setting characteristics of these patients, after exclusion of 64 high-risk patients (n = 1785). A total of 982 of 1785 (55%; 95% CI = 53% to 57%) patients received at least one chemotherapy regimen classified as intermediate-risk of FN (10%–20%) based on NCCN guidelines. The unadjusted crude rates of the receipt of CSFs for each patient covariate along with odds ratios (ORs) of receipt of CSFs adjusted for all other covariates are also shown in Table 1.
Overall, 9% (95% CI = 7% to 11%) of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, 14% (95% CI = 12% to 16%) of patients diagnosed with non–small cell lung cancer, and 33% (95% CI = 27% to 40%) with small cell lung cancer ever received a CSF (Table 1). Also, 10% (95% CI = 8% to 12%) of the low-risk regimen patients received CSFs compared with 18% (95% CI = 16% to 20%) of the intermediate-risk regimen patients. Most CSF use was not for primary prophylaxis: 13% of small cell lung cancer (95% CI = 9% to 18%), 4% of non–small cell lung cancer (95% CI = 3% to 6%), and less than 1% (95% CI = 0.3% to 2%) of colorectal cancer patients received CSFs with the first cycle of a chemotherapy regimen (data not shown). Neither FN during a previous cycle (indicating secondary prophylaxis use) nor stage was associated with increased odds of receiving CSFs. Although the ASCO and NCCN guidelines suggest consideration of CSF, prophylaxis in patients older than 65 years was not associated with increased odds of receiving CSF. Factors that were statistically significantly associated with receipt of CSF included treatment with an intermediate-risk regimen (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.99, P = .03), having small cell lung cancer vs colorectal cancer (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.05 to 4.69; P < .001), and having severe vs no comorbidity (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.16 to 2.70; P = .01). The odds of receiving CSFs were lower in women (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.99; P = .04) and patients enrolled in group or staff HMO plans (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.60; P < .001).
In this population-based, observational, multiregional cohort of lung and colorectal cancer patients, only 17% of patients at high risk of FN received a CSF, much lower than the percentage reported by previous studies conducted in either academic centers (17) or in selected community oncology practices (2,4,5). Most CSF use was neither for primary or secondary prophylaxis of FN as recommended by the guidelines but instead appeared to be reactive (ie, in response to neutropenia), most likely to maintain dose and schedule. Although we were unable to explicitly distinguish reasons for discretionary CSF use, the low incidence of FN among those receiving CSF in our sample of patients not treated with high-risk chemotherapy regimens suggested that only a small percentage of the discretionary use of CSF was in response to FN. However, cancer stage was not associated with CSF use, suggesting that the intent of therapy (curative vs palliative) did not appear to influence the decision to use CSFs. We did not find an association with age, despite recent evidence suggesting that older lung cancer patients may be at increased risk for FN (18). Discretionary CSF use was strongly associated with whether care was delivered within an HMO, where physician compensation is generally not directly affected by drug administration, vs outside an HMO. This suggests that financial incentives may be driving the largely discretionary use of CSFs, at least in part. Other factors, such as a more uniform, system-wide approach to care may help explain our finding of lower discretionary use of CSFs in HMO plans. The HMO plans included in our study did not place any specific restrictions on CSF use during the study period.
Our study has a few limitations. This included possible changes in CSF use since 2003–2005 when these patients were diagnosed and first treated, inability to collect data on white blood cell counts or diagnoses of FN episodes, and possible underestimation of CSF use because of errors in medical record abstraction or inability to access the treating oncologist's chart.
Despite these limitations, our study had several strengths. It is among the first to describe variations in practice patterns for CSF use in a population-based cohort of patients of all age groups. Other strengths of our study were its population-based design, which reflects a range of health-care delivery settings; diverse patient population with respect to age, race or ethnicity, and socioeconomic status; and a standardized medical record abstraction component linked with registry data and patient surveys.
Overall, 96% (95% CI = 93% to 98%) of CSFs in lung and colorectal cancer patients were administered in clinical situations where CSF therapy is not recommended by current evidence-based guidelines. This finding suggests that policies to decrease CSF use in lower-risk patient subsets may yield substantial cost savings without compromising patient outcomes. Finally, research is needed to better guide patient selection, including determination of whether CSFs reduce FN risk among specific patient subgroups defined by age, comorbidities, treatments received, or other prognostic risk factors.
The work of the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium (CanCORS) was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute to the Statistical Coordinating Center (U01 CA093344); Primary Data Collection and Research Centers (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Cancer Research Network) (U01 CA093332); Harvard Medical School and Northern California Cancer Center (U01 CA093324); RAND and University of California Los Angeles (U01 CA093348); University of Alabama at Birmingham (U01 CA093329); University of Iowa (U01 CA093339); University of North Carolina (U01 CA 093326); and by a grant from the Department of Veterans Affairs to the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center (CRS 02-164).
Dr J. L. Malin was an employee of Amgen Inc, the manufacturer of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim), from 2005–2007, and has served as a consultant to Amgen on research studies. All human investigations were performed after approval by a local Human Investigations Committee at each participating site and in accord with an assurance filed with and approved by the Department of Health and Human Services, where appropriate. The investigators obtained informed consent from each participant or each participant's guardian. The authors are solely responsible for the design of the study, analysis or interpretation of the results, writing of the article, and decision to submit the article for publication.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text: Suggest a Course If you would like us to run a course that we do not have listed on our website then please complete the form below to suggest a course. Alternatively, you can suggest a new location for one of our current courses. You can even suggest a new course and a new location. If you would prefer you can contact us by email, or telephone instead of filling in the form below. Company First name * Email address * Last name * Telephone number Course list Suggest A New Course Advanced PowerShell Masterclass Azure for I.T. Professionals Business Continuity with Microsoft Azure Creating and Promoting Digital Content Design and Implement Cloud Data Platform Solutions Harnessing the Full Potential of Social Media for your Business Introduction to PowerShell for I.T. Professionals Making Professional Tutorial and Marketing Videos Microsoft Office Excel Intermediate Microsoft Office Excel Advanced Microsoft Office Excel VBA (1 day) Microsoft Office Excel VBA (2 days) Microsoft Office Word Intermediate Microsoft Office Word Advanced Microsoft PowerPoint Introduction Microsoft Project (2 days) Microsoft Visio (1 day) MTA Cloud Fundamentals MTA Mobility & Devices MTA Networking Fundamentals MTA Security Fundamentals MTA Software Development New Ways of Working Office 365 Administration Security Compliance Sensible Security Social Media Management - Beyond the Basics SQL Server Data Warehousing Masterclass Supporting Windows 10 (1 day) Supporting Windows 10 (2 days) VMware vSphere 6.0 Masterclass Windows Server 2012 R2 Masterclass Windows Server 2016 - What's New for I.T. Professionals? (1 day) Windows Server 2016 - What's New for I.T. Professionals? (2 days) Windows Server Fundamentals (2012 R2, or 2016) Windows Server Virtualisation Comments / questions Location Birmingham Edinburgh Leeds London Manchester York Suggest a New Location At my Location / Office


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Free-Motion Quilting with Angela Walters
Popular machine quilter Angela Walters will motivate and inspire you to try something new! Learn how to stitch her fresh continuous-line designs on your longarm or domestic machine. Using basic free-motion skills you already have, discover how to approach quilting a modern quilt by working with bold fabrics and negative space, uniting a variety of shapes, and blending designs. - Step-by-step instructions for continuous-line swirls, circles, squares, vines, arcs, and points - Draw inspiration from striking pictures of 20 modern quilts showing Angela's designs - Practical advice for choosing the perfect pattern to give your modern quilt maximum impact
Author: Angela Walters
120 pages
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Be it your choice to hire employees or not, if your small startup business is steadily growing on a rapid scale, hiring will not just become an option rather a must. There will always come a time in your business life that you'd need the help of someone else trustworthy to do some of the integral tasks you deem important for your company's daily grind. They're called employees. You have screened them according to your vision, their skills and qualifications and their consent towards an agreement of legality and his or her tenure of service needed for your company. Everything's been settled down and ready for execution but another problem arises. Since your company has doubled the time for production or service, then profit must have been keeping up with this trend. You get money because of the people working for you. So give them what's due by also keeping up on their salary. It works on a mutual professional relationship wherein one gives and takes, vice versa. If you're now starting to discuss about putting up a payroll system in use for your small business, you can glean over 2 choices you can make. 2 types of payroll system In House – there are two more options listed down here. You can try (a) manual or (b) computerized. If you choose A, it sure will become a workload but this is ideal at first since it's cheaper and you don't have a lot of employees yet anyway. Electronic payroll systems are also good for small to mid-sized businesses since they offer more convenience and ease of use. Common disadvantages for manual system: more prone to errors and if the personnel in charge of payroll is not knowledgeable about laws then results can become inaccurate. Common disadvantages for computerized system: costs more to implement since investment must be done on equipments, necessary software and excessive training. Outsourced – Here's another popular option since if the other two listed above are all done by your own employees, you get to erase that responsibility off their hands if you choose this method. This has always been proven cost-effective and time saving for clients who want more work done instead of focusing on this...Learn More
Every Davao business owner is fully aware that they need to take care of their businesses at every step in order to thrive the stiff competition of the business industry – locally or globally. Thus, to strengthen the financial aspect and ensure its growth, most companies hire auditing services to check and track down errors that can hamper the growth of the business. This is one of the most valuable services an auditor can provide. Are your business records subject to audit? Do you think auditing services can be the answer to your problems? To answer these questions, let's take a look at the points stated below. The Roles and Responsibilities of An Auditor Advantages of Hiring Auditing Services When Do You Need An Auditing Service? Davao Auditing Services The Roles and Responsibilities of An Auditor An auditor plays a very significant role in a company or organization. They are responsible for ensuring that the company runs efficiently and effectively. Some of their most vital roles include the following: In-charge of checking and analyzing the financial records and documents – This is to ensure taxes are paid on time and the company complies with all the laws and regulations of the corporate world as well as the government. Evaluate all aspects of the company including the manager and the employees – To verify the productivity and effectiveness of the company or organization, the auditor spends time interviewing the managers and all the employees. Through this, he or she will also be able to determine whether financial records and statements coincide with each other. Recommend solutions for mismanagement or negligence of the company procedures – Based on the interview and document analyzation, the auditor will make recommendations as to how the company can improve their activities and financial operations. What are the Advantages of Hiring Auditing Services? Reduced Risk – Businesses are always at risk and auditing services are a reality check for any business there is. The business financial records need to be error-free, updated, and analyzed from time to time. When you hire the service of an auditor, it will become much easier to identify errors and mistakes in the financial statements beforehand. Reduced Malpractices – Auditors examine a...Learn More
Merging the old and the new is never an easy task. New ideals are sometimes too rash that the slow-paced ones are not able to immediately cope. But becoming successful in this endeavor can entail a wonderful present; look at how Japan and China managed to bring about old traditions into the modern era – a perfect blend that truly exhibits individuality. The same thing can be said of a company's status in comparison to its years of existence. They have terms such as start-ups (for new ones), closing shop and succession planning (for old ones); all dependent on the variable of time. These are definite and essential parts of any company's timeline (beginning and transforming phases), as it can determine whether or not they can survive in the changing trends and fierce competition. Majority of industry sectors rely on financial partners to help them ease the burden of managing such a tumultuous task at these crucial moments. An accounting firm with certified public accountants can surely give any company – still forming or is already entering new management – a clear advantage when it comes to efficient management of financial situations, unlike any other. Below are two scenarios that are important aspects of a business timeline and how accounting firms can specifically help them: New Business Formation Succession Planning Startup Dilemmas, Solved Reality bites: starting a business in a big and vastly diverse city such as Davao can become overwhelming for any entrepreneur. If it has been a childhood dream or a hobby, all the more challenging to attain. Aside from thinking about possible places to put it up, you also have to consider the what, when and how in the equation. Fact: A Davao accounting firm can help you, first and foremost, in planning the initial steps toward any business formation – the registration. In the Philippines, that is of course done by registering your chosen business name first through appropriate local authorities, such as: DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) and CDA (Cooperative Development Authority) All these basing on the type of ownership: single, partnership and cooperative, respectively. After that, you can go down the ladder and visit your Local Government Units (City Hall,...Learn More
The Department of Trade and Industry or DTI launches coffee shared services facility (SSF), the first of the 1,000 SSFs with a budget allocation of P700 million to be established within the year to boost the competitiveness and productivity of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the countryside. DTI Undersecretary Merly Cruz said the SSF would be located in Tabuk City, Kalinga for the coffee cluster in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR). The launch is slated on Wednesday, January 16 (Business Bulletin p.1 January 13, 2013). Shared services refers to the provision of a service by one part of an organization or group, that is the coffee industry, where that service had previously been found in more than one part of the organization or group. Thus the funding and resourcing of the service is shared between the members of the industry and the providing department effectively becomes a service provider for all of its members. Thewill minimize the costs for each member of the industry Coffee is one of our home grown agricultural products in the country. It faces stiff competition in the world market especially Latin America. The Government program of shared services facility (SSF) through the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) will augment the productivity and competitiveness of micro industry. This program once implemented in full scale will generate more employment and revenue. Prioritizing small and medium enterprises (SMES) is indeed a good strategy to enhance faster development in the countryside. The article DTI Launches Coffee Shared Services is contributed by Dr. Geovanni A. Patalinghug...Learn More
Puregold sets expansion in Mindanao in 2013, as the capital expenditures allocated is expected to reach P3 billion. They are initially targeting the opening of 25 new stores this year as the firm targets to have 200 stores by 2015. Mindanao has a lot of business opportunities because it's vast mineral resources, bigger areas and a growing population. In Davao city alone more shopping malls, condominiums and housing are rising up. It will also mean more job opportunities for our new graduates and unemployed workers in the city. But this opportunities if not being manage carefully by our government agencies and our laws and policies are not being implemented will be detrimental to our environment and human resources as well. If the local government is not at phase with rapid growth in terms of city planning, drainage system, widening of roads, increase demand of electricity, traffic management will result to damage to our environment such as floods, brown outs, traffic congestions and other problems which will offset the positive development. Recently we were struck by typhoons and it causes more damage to properties and lives. With this experienced we should be prepared at all times and should not be complacent. We have to move on and focus on our opportunities and growth. Puregold Sets Expansion In Mindanao is contributed by Geovanni A. Patalinghug...Learn More


text: Formula Fever 0 0 (No Ratings Yet) Loading... Driving Gametator 13 Jul , 2016 0 GAME INFO Race against opponents, earn prize money and unlock cool new cars and various tracks! Compete with players all over the world for the best lap times and try to become champion of all tracks! PLAY NOW!


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Wagg Prrrs Tuna
60g x 12 x 1
|Purr Tasty Cat Treat with Tuna
|Pack Size:
|Product Code:
|VAT Code:
|Product Category:
|Grocery > Petfoods > Cat Snacks & Treats
- With tuna for a tasty treat
- Enriched with vitamins and minerals
- Oven baked for great taste
Wheat Flour, Digest, Vegetable Oil, Dried Chicken Liver, Gelatine, Tuna Meal (4%), Shrimp Meal, Rice, Whey Powder, Minerals, Yeast, Rosemary Extract
Nutritional Information
|Analytical Constituents:
|Fat content
|Crude ash
|Crude fibre
|Additive (per kg):
|Nutritional Additives:
|Vitamin A
|22,000 iu
|Vitamin D3
|2,200 iu
|Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol acetate)
|250 mg
|1000 mg
|Zinc chelate of amino acid hydrate
|666.7 mg
|Manganese chelate of amino acid hydrate
|333.3 mg
|Iron chelate of amino acid hydrate
|333.3 mg
|Copper chelate of amino acid hydrate
|49.9 mg
|Organic selenium S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3060:
|Calcium iodate anhydrous
|2.3 mg
|Antioxidants (tocopherol rich extracts of natural origin 1000 mg)
Additional Information
- Country of Origin: United Kingdom
- Origin Free Text
- Pack Type: Hanger
Preparation and Usage
Feeding Guide:
A complementary pet food for all cats from 12 weeks onwards. Feed anytime as a treat. When feeding treats reduce your cat's main meal to keep them in a lean, active condition. Fresh drinking water should be provided at all times.
2.4 Kcal/treat 391 Kcal/100g
Store in dry cool conditions. After opening store in an airtight container in dry cool conditions.
For best before date see back of pack.
Manufacturer's Address
Wagg Foods Ltd,
Dalton Airfield,
North Yorkshire,
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The image and product information have been prepared for illustration and information purposes only and may differ from that shown. Whilst Bestway/Batleys use reasonable endeavors to ensure that the product information presented is accurate and up to date it does not accept any liability for any information which may not be accurate, it is not a substitute for reading the product packaging or label prior to use. You should note that products and their ingredients are subject to change. If you do require precise ingredients or nutritional information you should consult the manufacturer, whose contact details will appear on the packaging or label. Where there is a link to a third party's website for further information on the product, please note that Bestway/Batleys have no control over and no liability for the contents of that website. Bestway/Batleys accept no liability or responsibility whatsoever for any other web sites which may be accessed through the Bestway/Batleys websites. Bestway and Batleys are reliant upon third parties for much of the information provided and reserve the right to change data, references and product specifications at any time. This data is supplied for personal use only. It may not be reproduced in any way whatsoever without Bestways/Batleys prior consent, nor without due acknowledgement.


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It's the tack-tackiest season of all!
It's that time of year again when wannabe fashion designers across the globe attempt to create the absolute ugliest Christmas sweater. While I'm not quite sure how this trend got its start, I can't deny that ugly sweaters and Christmas go well together.
If you've been invited to an ugly Christmas sweater party this year, wear one of these 25 masterpieces — you'll totally steal the show.
1. Because there's nothing uglier than bringing politics to a harmless Christmas party.
2. Looks like Rudolf ate one too many candy canes.
3. Who doesn't love a pun-filled Christmas sweater?
4. Nothing says Christmas quite like a shirtless Santa with a machine gun.
5. With this creative sweater, you can tell all your guests to elf themselves.
6. Miley Cyrus has ruined yet another family get-together.
7. This sweater is a knockout.
8. I had no idea that dinosaurs celebrated Christmas!
Read More: These Kids Just Could Not Handle Getting Bad Christmas Presents — LOL
9. There are quite a few ugly Hanukkah sweaters, too!
10. Santa's been working on his gains.
11. Use this Christmas sweater to tell your friends and family how you really feel.
12. In case you need a reminder.
13. Even mean girls love an ugly Christmas sweater.
14. Well, that's unsettling.
15. When Santa could use an extra hand (or eight) while delivering gifts.
16. Probably not the best choice for your son's school Christmas party.
Read More: This Lady Has Enough Christmas Spirit For All Of Us Combined
17. When the reindeer go on strike, cats are pretty much your only option.
18. One small step for Santa, one giant leap for Christmastime.
19. Who wouldn't want a murder scene on their Christmas sweater?
20. They DO exist!
21. Gingerbread men are people too!
22. In West Philadelphia born and raised, on the playground was where this sweater spent most of its days
23. Just in case your Christmas party doesn't already have a fully trimmed tree.
24. It looks like Frosty took an unfortunate tumble.
Read More: 22 Festive Party Cocktails To Make For The Holidays This Year


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Updated February 21 2017
The Wilson Tobs are proud to announce the schedule for the 4th Annual College Baseball Classic to be held at Historic Fleming Stadium beginning on Friday, March 3rd, 2017.
"We are looking forward to having another great College Classic to kick off our 2017 season out at Historic Fleming Stadium. By continuing to bring baseball to the Wilson area year-round, we are providing the community with entertainment leading to the kick-off of the Tobs summer season," said General Manager Mike Bell. "We have some familiar teams that have participated in years past, but we are also welcoming some new schools this year to broaden out outreach throughout the nation."
The 4th Annual College Classic will feature nine Division I and II colleges and universities. Seven schools from the 2016 College Classic will return this season to compete. Division I schools Canisius College and Fordham University will open with a 4-game series, while Division II schools Kutztown University, West Virginia State University, Fairmont State University, Lock Haven University, and Clarion University will compete against two newcomers to the Tobs College Classic, Dominican College and California University of Pennsylvania.
Friday, March 3rd 3 pm
Canisius vs. Fordham
Saturday, March 4th
12 pm DH Canisius vs. Fordham
Sunday, March 5th
10 am Canisius vs. Fordham
Friday, March 10th
7 pm Kutztown vs. Fairmont State
Saturday, March 11th
10 am West Virginia State vs. California (Pa.)
1 pm California (Pa.) vs. Fairmont State
4 pm Kutztown vs. West Virginia State
7 pm Clarion vs. Kutztown
Sunday, March 12th
10 am DH West Virginia State vs. Lock Haven
3:30 pm Fairmont State vs. Clarion
6:30 pm California (Pa.) vs. Kutztown
Monday, March 13th
12 pm Clarion vs. Fairmont State
3:30 pm Kutztown vs. Clarion
Tuesday, March 14th
12 pm California (Pa.) vs. Fairmont State
4 pm Lock Haven vs. Clarion
Wednesday, March 15th
11 am DH California (Pa.) vs. Lock Haven
4 pm Dominican vs. Fairmont State
Thursday, March 16th
10 am Lock Haven vs. Clarion
For just $7, fans can purchase an all-day pass and enjoy a full day of baseball action at Historic Fleming Stadium, 3-day passes and all-tournament passes will be available for purchase. Gates will open one hour prior to the start of the first game of the day.
The Wilson Tobs home opener for the 2017 season is Sunday, May 28th. Season tickets and ticket packages are on sale now and can be purchased by calling (252) 291-8627, or by visiting www.wilsontobs.com/tickets.
The Wilson Tobs enter their 21st season as an original member within the Coastal Plain League for the 2017 Summer. The upcoming season for the Tobs will see an expanded community outreach effort, increased participation in helping the less fortunate, and more exciting entertainment for the Wilson Community. We would like to dedicate each successful season to the Wilson Community, Coastal Plain League Organization, Host Families, Sponsors Partners, and the Dedicated Fans throughout the city of Wilson. The Wilson Tobs have played host to over 100 alumni taken in the draft and have produced a dozen players who have gone on to play in the MLB, including Cy Young & MVP winner Justin Verlander. For more information on the Wilson Tobs, visit our website www.wilsontobs.com.The Coastal Plain League is the nation's premier summer collegiate baseball league. Celebrating its 22nd season in 2018, the CPL features 16 teams playing in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. The CPL has had over 1,450 alumni drafted and 109 of those – including 2011 AL MVP and Cy Young winner Justin Verlander – make their Major League debut; while another notable alum – Russell Wilson – won Super Bowl XLVIII. For more information on the Coastal Plain League, please visit the league website at www.coastalplain.com and follow us via Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat @CPLBaseball..Contact:
Max GagnonPhone:
(252) 291-8627


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I'm trying to see if I can get this guy to like me again - we had a thing a while ago but it was bad timing. We're single again now and so I texted him Monday and then again yesterday (Thursday). How many days do you think I should wait before texting again? I don't want it to be too soon but I want him to starting thinking about me haha. And I want to show I'm interested because he might not know I'm single. I'm thinking like 5-7 days, thoughts? More or less, explain?
Most Helpful Girl
Dude I totally know how you feel...Since it summer it seem header, at least for me. Everyone has their summer jobs trying to get money before school starts, so their a lot of thinking (positive and negative) going on. I am currently texting within 5 days. I know the guy I like works Sunday-Friday. So Friday night I usually text him figuring he will be done with work ready to relax and not stress about the next day of work. Also I feel like your thinking about them, but your not too desperate because you "forgot" for a few days.00|00|0
Yeah, exactly, I'm don't want to seem desperate but still want him to be thinking about me haha. Thanks!