text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|4 Jul 2000
|Filing date
|24 Feb 1999
|Priority date
|26 Dec 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|James P. Coleman
|Original Assignee
|Monsanto Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (67), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (2), Classifications (18), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/773,210; filed on Dec. 23, 1996 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,876,634 which claims priority to Provisional application Ser. No. 60/009,226 filed Dec. 26, 1995.
Disclosed herein are novel electrochromic materials comprising tin oxide-containing particles having a high contrast and methods of making and using such materials, e.g., in electrochromic devices.
Doped tin oxides are known among metal oxides for their relative transparency and high electrical conductivity. These properties are advantageously employed in a variety of electro-optical applications, e.g., providing transparent conductive coatings on particles or surfaces. One such application is the fabrication of transparent electrodes on electrochromic display devices which typically have an electrolyte material in contact with an electrochromic material so that an electrochromic effect is generated when an electric potential is applied across the interface of the two materials. When electrodes are provided on both sides of the materials, e.g., in sandwich-like structure, the electrode on at least one side of the display laminate needs to be relatively transparent to permit observation of the electrochromic effect. In such devices typical electrochromic materials include tungsten oxide, Prussian Blue, polyaniline and viologens. Transparent electrodes have been fabricated by vapor deposition of antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) coating on a glass or plastic substrate.
Although doped tin oxides have been employed as transparent conductors in electrochromic devices, it appears that the possibility that doped tin oxide might be useful as a practical electrochromic material has not been discovered. For instance, Orel et al. reported in the Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 141, page L127 (1994) that a film of ATO exhibited a change in light reflectance between a reduced and oxidized state of less than 5%, which corresponds to a contrast ratio (as defined hereinbelow) of less than 1.05. Because such a change in color is not readily discernable to the typical human eye, it has not been recognized or discovered that doped tin oxides have useful electrochromic properties.
A variety of dopants are used to make conductive metal oxides, some of which, e.g., fluorine-doped tin oxides are not known to exhibit any useful electrochromic effect regardless of modification. Similarly, ATO, when provided in film form, also does not exhibit any useful electrochromic effect. When select doped tin oxides, e.g., ATO and niobium-doped tin oxide, are provided in particle form in an electrochromic generating environment, a surprising electrochromic effect is achieved. Thus, this invention is directed to the surprising discovery that certain of the conductive doped tin oxides can be useful high contrast electrochromic materials and to electrochromic devices employing such electrochromic doped tin oxides.
This invention provides novel electrochromic materials comprising doped tin oxide having a high contrast ratio between different oxidation states. These high contrast electrochromic tin oxide materials are doped with an electrochromically-effective amount of a metal that provides a color change when exposed to ion transfer in an electric field. Preferred dopants are antimony and niobium.
The invention also provides methods of making such electrochromic tin oxide materials, for instance in the case of antimony-doped tin oxide materials by employing higher levels of antimony than commonly used in conductive tin oxide applications.
This invention also provides methods of advantageously using such electrochromic tin oxide materials, e.g., in display devices. More particularly, this invention also provides a method of producing an electrochromic effect by applying an electrochemical potential to doped tin oxide in contact with mobile ions.
This invention also provides particulate antimony-doped tin oxide that is oxidized or reduced to provide a powder resistivity which is at least two times the powder resistivity of a base antimony tin oxide compound. Such resistive antimony-doped tin oxide is also uniquely colored as compared to analogous tin oxides that are highly conductive and transparent.
This invention also provides electrochromic devices comprising such high contrast, electrochromic tin oxide materials. Such devices are typically laminate structures comprising a layer of electrochromic material in contact with an ion-supplying electrolyte layer.
Percentages expressed herein as "%" are mole percent unless indicated otherwise, e.g. weight percent is expressed as "wt%".
As used herein "powder resistivity" means an electrical resistivity measured with a two probe apparatus on powder compressed at high pressure in a confined but defined space. The two probes of the apparatus comprise metal, e.g. stainless steel, rods about 6.5 mm in diameter and extending about 15 mm from the center of a plate, e.g. a disk that is 9 mm thick and 5 cm in diameter; the disks are electrically connected to an ohm-meter. The overall length of the extended rods is slightly longer than the length of a hole in a non-conducting, e.g. acrylic polymer, cylinder reinforced by a surrounding metal, e.g. aluminum, sleeve and having a central bore that is slightly larger than the diameter of the rods. To measure powder resistivity, the cylinder is mounted on one disc with the rod inserted into the bore; the open bore is partially filled with particulate material which is compressed by pressing the second rod into the bore. Resistance is measured by an ohm-meter when the pressure on the powder is 845 kilograms per square centimeter (which is equivalent to 12,000 psi). At that pressure the height of compressed particles in the bore (Hp) is determined by measuring the space between the discs in centimeters with a micrometer. The cross sectional area of the rod (Ar) is 0.3318 square centimeters. Powder resistivity (ρ) is determined by multiplying the measured resistance by the ratio of cross sectional area (Ar) to height of compressed particles in the bore (Hp).
As used herein the terms "oxidized" and "reduced" mean changing the number of electrons associated with a valence state of a material by chemical or electrochemical means. An oxidized metal oxide is a material that has fewer electrons than the same metal oxide material in its natural state. Conversely, a reduced metal oxide is a material that has more electrons than the same metal oxide material in its natural state. A common chemical reducing agent is sodium borohydride which is capable of putting electrons accompanied by ions, e.g. protons or other cations such as sodium, lithium, etc., into a tin oxide lattice. In a reduced state, e.g. when saturated with electrons, doped tin oxide has a darker color and lower conductivity. Interestingly, the conductivity of both reduced and oxidized doped tin oxide is significantly lower than the conductivity of doped tin oxide in the natural state. The conductivity of oxidized doped tin oxide is lower because the number of electron carriers is substantially lower. The conductivity of reduced doped tin oxide is lower because the material is so saturated with electrons that electron mobility is impaired. To achieve an electrochromic effect it is believed that it is necessary to cause an electrochromic-generating oxidation or reduction at the surface of the electrochromic material, e.g. typically by applying an electrical potential of 1.5 volt or less to cause cations and electrons to migrate into or out of the surface layer of the electrochromic material.
As used herein the term "contrast ratio" (CR) describes the difference in color of a material in oxidized and reduced states. More particularly, contrast ratio means the ratio of reflectance of a material in an electrochemically oxidized state to the reflectance of the material in an electrochemically reduced state, where reflectance is a photo diode measurement of the value of light reflected off the oxidized or reduced material from a constant source of light shining on the material. A material having a CR=1 would have no electrochromic effect, that is the light reflected from the material in a reduced state would be immeasurably different from the light reflected from the material in an oxidized state. The electrochromic tin oxide materials used in the electrochromic devices of this invention have a CR of at least 1.2 or higher, say at least 1.4 or 1.6. Preferred electrochromic tin oxide materials of this invention have a CR of at least 1.8 or higher, say at least 2 or 3. More preferred electrochromic tin oxide materials of this invention have a CR of at least 4 of higher, say at least 4.5 or 5.
A material is said to be in an oxidized state when it has fewer electrons than in the reduced state. For instance, in oxides, antimony has two stable oxidation states with two or zero electrons in the outer shell. These are denoted as Sb(III) and Sb(V). In the mixed oxide compound ATO, as naturally formed, the antimony atoms in the metal oxide lattice are at an oxidation state intermediate between III and V with electrons from the antimony in a tin 5S electron orbital based conduction band. In ATO the natural blue grey color is believed to be due to a charge transfer absorption band.
For electrochromic metal oxides, e.g. ATO, I have now shown that the wide ranges of color and conductivity in metal oxide powders are possible for a given ratio of dopant to base metal by changing the oxidation state of the material, i.e. changing the number of electrons. For instance, in the case of ATO, the number of delocalized electrons associated with the antimony can be changed by either chemical or electrochemical oxidation or reduction.
In particular, in oxidized ATO electrons are removed from the material effectively transforming the antimony to a species closer to antimony V which has no free electrons and essentially no color; there are no delocalized electrons remaining to undergo charge transfer. Conversely, in reduced ATO there is an increase in delocalized electrons in the metal oxide, resulting in more charge transfer light absorption and hence more color. In a natural state, e.g. without exposure to an electrical potential causing oxidation or reduction, natural ATO has an inherently translucent blue grey color where the intensity and hue of the color is a function of the antimony in the mixed metal oxide.
In describing dopants it is useful to use mole ratios of metal components in the tin oxide material. Unless otherwise indicated, the amount of dopant in a tin oxide will be expressed as a mole ratio. For example, 6% ATO describes tin oxide doped with antimony where the number of moles of antimony as a percent of the combined moles of antimony and tin is 6%.
Factors affecting contrast ratio of a doped tin oxide include the amount of dopant and the covering power, i.e. ability to absorb light, of optional adjuvant materials such as pigmented particles mixed with doped tin oxide particles or providing a substrate for a doped tin oxide coating.
Although doped tin oxide is typically considered transparent or translucent, especially when applied as a film, particular doped tin oxide can have perceptible color, perhaps due at least in part to the interaction of light with the particle. Thus, factors affecting color within the realm of routine experimentation include particle size, amount of dopant, crystallite size and dimensional thickness of the doped tin oxide material. For instance, particles of 10% ATO have what appears to be a dark gray color. While the dark gray-colored, doped tin oxide can be used in electrochromic devices, the contrast is often not optimal since reduced tin oxides generally get darker in color, leaving little room in the chromatic spectrum for adequate contrast in display images. It has been discovered, however, that when doped tin oxide is used in combination with a light-colored pigment substrate, that the lighter color of the pigment imparts a lighter natural color that provides significantly greater contrast when the doped tin oxide is reduced and/or oxidized. Thus, in providing material for use in electrochromic displays, it is often preferred to provide the doped tin oxide with a light-colored adjuvant, e.g. a white or pastel colored pigment, that will provide a light background color visible through a generally transparent or at least translucent, doped tin oxide. The doped tin oxide and pigment can be provided as a mixture of particles. It is preferable to provide the doped tin oxide as a coating on, or in admixture with, a light colored adjuvant substrate. Useful adjuvant pigments include titanium dioxide (TiO2), mica, aluminum borate, silica, barium sulfate and alumina. When doped tin oxide is used in a mixture with pigment particles, the pigment material is preferably less electrochemically active in aqueous electrolytes than is the doped tin oxide. When used with a light colored pigment adjuvant as a substrate for doped tin oxide, the amount of doped tin oxide in the coating is not critical so long as the particle is sufficiently conductive. Unless otherwise indicated, the relative amounts of doped tin oxide and pigment will be expressed as weight ratio, e.g. a weight ratio of doped tin oxide to pigment substrate in the range of 1:4 to about 4:1. Useful pigments have particle size of micrometer (micron) scale, e.g. with a nominal diameter in the range of about 0.05 to 20 microns and more typically about 0.2 to 10 microns and more preferably about 1 to 5 microns.
When the adjuvant material is particulate TiO2 --a commonly used pigment material with exceptionally high covering power--it has been found that 6% ATO coated onto TiO2 in the weight ratio 2:3 ATO/TiO2 has a CR of 1.2. When the antimony in ATO is increased to about 11 mole percent, the CR is 1.6. A number of ATO coated TiO2 pigments which are commercially available as conductive metal oxide particles having from 1 to about 13% antimony are useful in the displays of this invention. For instance, a light grey conductive powder comprising 12.25% ATO on 0.2 micron TiO2 particles in the weight ratio of 23:77 is available from Mitsubishi Materials Company Ltd. as W-1 conducting particles. Grey conductive powders comprising 12.3% ATO on 1 to 5 micron TiO2 particles in the weight ratio of 33:77 are available from E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company under the tradenames Zelec� 1410T and 3410T. Such commercially available materials have a CR of about 1.6. When the antimony is increased to 22 mole percent, the CR is surprisingly increased to a value greater than 2. Thus, one aspect of this invention provides novel ATO coated TiO2 particles having a CR greater than 1.6, e.g. at least about 1.8, more preferably greater than 2.
When other pigments with less covering power than TiO2 are used, e.g. ATO on aluminum borate (at a weight ratio of about 0.5), it has been discovered that doped tin oxide materials with an exceptionally high CR, e.g. up to about 4-5 can be produced. More particularly it has been discovered that certain commercially available conductive powders comprising ATO on pigments such as aluminum borate, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, silica and mica, are surprisingly electrochromic. In particular, a grey conductive powder with a surprisingly high contrast ratio, i.e. greater than 4, is 11.5% ATO on 4 micron aluminum borate particles in the weight ratio of 54:46 available from Mitsui as Passtran 5210 Type V conducting particles.
The doped tin oxide materials of this invention can be obtained from commercial sources or produced by well-known methods with appropriate adjustment in materials, e.g. dopant level and the amount and nature of adjuvant pigment, for optimal electrochromic effect. For instance ATO-coated TiO2 according to this invention can be prepared by adding an hydrochloric acid-acidified aqueous solution of antimony chloride (e.g., the trichloride or the pentachloride) and tin tetrachloride to an aqueous dispersion of TiO2 particles, with simultaneous addition of sodium hydroxide to maintain pH at about 2. This process produces non-conductive metal hydroxide coated TiO2 particles which are converted to conductive, doped tin oxide coated particles when heated to liberate water, e.g., in the range of 300 to 700� C.
This invention provides particulate antimony-doped tin oxide that is oxidized or reduced to provide a tin oxide compound that has a powder resistivity which is at least two times the powder resistivity of a base antimony tin oxide compound. Particulate antimony-doped tin oxide is commonly made by thermally treating a mixed antimony and tin compound. For instance, antimony-doped tin oxide can also be prepared by precipitating mixed hydroxide particles from a solution of mixed antimony and tin followed by thermal treatment, preferably at a temperature greater than 350� C., to form particles of base antimony tin oxide compound. The electrical resistivity of base ATO depends on a number of variables, e.g. particle size and level of antimony dopant, and can typically range from 0.05 to 10 ohm-cm. With such a wide range of base powder resistivity it is expected that there can be some overlap with the range of increased resistivity for oxidized or reduced tin oxide compounds. It has been found that the powder resistivity is increased more substantially when the doped tin oxide is reduced rather than oxidized. For instance, as shown in the following examples, a commercial ATO having a powder resistivity of 0.12 ohm-cm can be reduced to provide a powder resistivity of about 400 ohm-cm or oxidized to provide a powder resistivity of about 5 ohm-cm. With heat treatment the powder resistivity can be returned to a value in the range of the original. When such a base antimony-doped tin oxide is oxidized or reduced there is provided a resistive, particulate antimony-doped tin oxide that is characterized as having a powder resistivity which is at least two times the powder resistivity of said base antimony tin oxide compound. Preferably such resistive, particulate antimony-doped tin oxide particles will have a nominal dimension in the range of 0.2 to 10 micrometers. Such resistive particulate doped tin oxide being oxidized or reduced will also exhibit desirable electrochromic properties.
When the electrochromic doped tin oxide materials of this invention are used in electrochromic display devices, such materials are typically disposed in a laminate structure, e.g. a layer of electrochromic material in contact with a layer of ion-supplying electrolyte. Alternatively, displays can be fashioned by providing a layer comprising electrochromic particles in a electrolyte matrix. Commonly, an electrical potential is applied across the materials by electrodes so that a potential is created at an interface of electrochromic material and electrolyte. Such electric potential causes ions, such as protons, lithium ions or sodium ions, to migrate into or out of the electrochromic material, causing the electrochromic effect-generating reduction or oxidation. Useful electrochromic displays can be prepared using the electrochromic doped tin oxide materials of this invention by following the display fabrication principles set forth in my earlier U.S. Pat. No. 5,413,739 or other principles apparent to those skilled in the art.
This invention also provides electrochromic devices useful for displays. Such devices preferably comprise a layer of electrochromic material in contact with an ion-supplying electrolyte layer. In a preferred embodiment the layer of electrochromic material comprises high contrast, electrochromic, doped tin oxide as disclosed herein and dispersed in a transparent or translucent polymer matrix in an amount such that the material is electrically conductive. The polymer of the matrix can comprise any of a variety of common polymers, e.g. preferably a non-brittle polymer such as a tough elastomeric or rubbery polymer such as nitrile rubber, butyl rubber or butyl acrylate, that is amenable to incorporation of dispersed particles of this invention. The polymer matrix can be ionically isolative, e.g. a butyl rubber, or ionically conducting, e.g. a sulfonated polymer such as sulfonated polystyrene or Nafion ionomer. The electrolyte layer is also desirably transparent or, at least, translucent. While the ion-supplying electrolyte material can comprise a salt dissolved in an aqueous or organic solvent-containing polymeric gel, a preferred electrolyte material is an ionically conductive, aqueous polymeric gel which can contain a humectant or hygroscopic filler. Useful hygroscopic material includes deliquescent material such as lithium chloride, calcium chloride, glycerine, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or lithium trifluoromethyl-sulfonate. A preferred aqueous polymeric gel is polyacrylamidomethyl-propanesulfonate, known as POLYAMPS.
In such electrochromic devices the electrochromic metal oxide material serves as an electrode for transporting electrons into or out of the ionically conductive electrolyte media. Concurrent with such electron transfer is the movement of ions across an interface between said layer of electrochromic material and said ion-supplying electrolyte layer. In preferred embodiments of this invention the electrodes can be side by side electrodes as disclosed in my earlier U.S. Pat. No. 5,413,739. Such side by side electrodes are located behind, e.g. hidden by, the electrochromic layer of the device.
In order for such electrodes to function, they must be connected to an electrical potential by current feeders, e.g. conductive leads, which can comprise any of a variety of conductive materials such as silver ink, carbon ink, metal oxide ink or deposition where the metal oxide is a conductive metal oxide such as ATO. Alternatively, the electrodes can be in a sandwich disposition such that at least one of the electrodes should be of transparent or translucent material to allow observation of the electrochromic effect. Such transparent electrode material is preferably a conductive metal oxide such as ATO. When used as a current feeder, ATO has an optimally high conductivity in the range of 6-10% ATO. When the transparent metal oxide electrode is used in a sandwich type display, the current feeder is typically an integral film coating. It is believed that ATO in a film form, as compared to the particulate doped tin oxide materials of this invention, has such a low contrast ratio as to be considered non-electrochromic; that is, the contrast ratio is less that 1.2.
While the following examples illustrate the preparation and use of various embodiments of the electrochromic doped tin oxides and electrochromic displays of this invention, it should be clear from the variety of the examples herein that there is no intention of so limiting the scope of the invention. On the contrary, it is intended that the breadth of the inventions illustrated by reference to the following examples will apply to other embodiments which would be obvious to practitioners in the electrochromic arts.
This example illustrates one embodiment of an electrochromic device according to this invention using commercially available ATO coated TiO2 particles. 1.5 grams (g) of light grey conductive powder comprising 12.25%ATO on 0.2 micron TiO2 particles in the weight ratio of 23:77 from Mitsubishi Materials Company Ltd and identified as W-1 conducting particles was dispersed in 5 g of a 10% solution of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) rubber in toluene. A copper coated polyester film was used as a electrode substrate. The dispersion was coated as a film onto the copper layer and dried with a heat gun to evaporate the toluene solvent. The coated substrate was immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution comprising 5% sodium sulfate. With the application of 1 to 2 volts, the coating turned a visibly darker grey color than the original color of the coating. Reversing the polarity caused a rapid reversal to a lighter grey color that was visibly lighter than the original color of the coating.
This example illustrates the fabrication of an electrochromic display device. A first display conductor pattern was printed in the shape of a 25 millimeter (mm) square centered on a supporting substrate of polyester film with a narrow conductor lead running from the 25 mm square to the edge of the polyester substrate. A counter electrode conductor was printed in the shape of a 12 mm wide line bordering the square pattern and lead at a distance of about 1 millimeter from the edge thereof. Each conductor pattern was printed with a conventional silver ink and coated with a conventional carbon ink. An electrochromic display was fabricated by overcoating the conductor pattern with a dispersion of 12% ATO-coated TiO2 in a solution of fluorinated elastomer; the 12% ATO-coated TiO2 was obtained from Mitsubishi Materials Company Ltd. and is characterized as light grey conducting powder having a particle size of 0.2 micron with ATO and TiO2 present in the weight ratio of 23:77. The fluorinated elastomer was dissolved at 22 weight percent (wt%) in butoxyethyl acetate. Sufficient ATO coated powder was dispersed in the elastomer solution so that the weight ratio of ATO-coated powder to elastomer was 2.5:1. The conductor pattern was coated with the dispersion except for the lead portions thereof at the edge of the substrate where electrical connections could be made. The dispersion coating was dried at 130� C. for 10 minutes, recoated with dispersion and redried to provide an electrically conducting, essentially pin hole-free coating of light grey-colored, electrochromic, doped tin oxide particles dispersed in a transparent, ionically insulating elastomer matrix, designated as a "basic ATO-coated display element". The electrochromic layer of the basic ATO-coated display element was covered with a stack of adhesive polyester gaskets to provide an electrolyte well over the electrode area; the well was about 1 millimeter (mm) in depth and was filled with electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of 30 wt % lithium chloride and 5 wt % acrylic polymer thickener, i.e. Acrysol ASE-95 from Rohm and Haas Company. The electrolyte filled well was sealed with adhesive polyester film to complete the construction of electrochromic display device designated D1.
This example illustrates the measurement of contrast ratios for an electrochromic doped tin oxides operating in an electrochromic effect-generating environment. The conductor leads of the electrochromic display device D1 prepared in Example 2 were connected to a function generator which applied a 50 millihertz, �1.5 volt square wave potential to drive the electrochromic device causing the electrochromic ATO-coated particles visible through the electrolyte coating to cycle between a light grey and a dark grey color as the ATO was sequentially oxidized and reduced. The magnitude of the contrast ratio of the color change was determined by fitting the device under a microscope fitted with a Melles-Griot photodiode wide band width amplifier. The electrochromic, 12% ATO-containing material in the device exhibited a contrast ratio of 1.38.
This example illustrates the dramatic effect of an increased amount of antimony in electrochromic properties of ATO. A basic ATO-coated display element prepared according to Example 2 was coated with an additional electrochromic dispersion and fabricated into an electrochromic display in essentially the same manner of Example 2 except for the use of 33% ATO. The contrast ratio measured in the manner of Example 3 was 1.92.
This example further illustrates the dramatic effect of an increased amount of antimony in electrochromic properties of ATO. A set of basic ATO-coated display elements prepared according to Example 2 were coated with an additional electrochromic dispersion and fabricated into an electrochromic display in essentially the same manner of Example 2 except that the doped tin oxide comprised antimony in the range of 11 to 60 percent and that the ATO and TiO2 were in the weight ratio of 36:64. The contrast ratio measured in the manner of Example 3 is reported in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ % Sb CR______________________________________ 11 1.6 23 2.0 33 2.14 43 2.19 47 2.17 55 1.74 60 1.94______________________________________
This example illustrates the dramatic increase in electrochromic effect achieved by selection of substrate pigment. An ATO-coated display element prepared similar to the procedure example 2 was further coated with an electrochromic dispersion of 12% ATO-coated onto aluminum borate (obtained from Mitsui as Passtran 5210 conductive powder) in a fluorocarbon elastomer solution. In the dried electrochromic top coat the weight ratio of ATO-containing particles to fluorocarbon elastomer was 28:15. An electrochromic device prepared as in the manner of Example 2 and evaluated in the manner of Example 3 showed that the doped tin oxide on an aluminum borate substrate had a contrast ratio of 5.14.
This example illustrates the preparation of an electrochromic, niobium-doped tin oxide according to this invention. A barium sulfate slurry was provided by dispersing 50 g of barium sulfate powder in 750 ml of water and heating to 75� C.; the slurry was adjusted to pH 12 with 25% sodium peroxide solution. A tin solution (98.5 g of sodium stannate trihydrate in 250 ml of water at 75� C.) was added to the slurry. After stirring for 30 minutes, an acidic niobium solution (0.735 g niobium trichloride in 25 ml methanol acidified with 270 cc of 20% sulfuric acid) was added to the tin oxide-containing slurry over a 90 minute period. The pH of the niobium/tin-containing slurry was adjusted to 2.5 with 20% sulfuric acid. After 3 hours the solution was cooled and filter washed 10 times with 250 ml of water, providing particles that were dried in a vacuum oven at 130� C. The dried particles were calcined for 2 hours under nitrogen at 450� C. to provide electrochromic 0.72% niobium-doped tin oxide coated barium sulfate substrate particles having a contrast ratio of 1.54.
This example illustrates the utility of mixtures of doped tin oxide particles and pigment particles as an electrochromic material. A mixture of 0.4 g of 13.4% ATO particles (commercially available from DuPont as Zelec� 301OXC ATO) and 0.15 g of TiO2 particles was dispersed in 1 g of 22 wt % fluoroelastomer solution in butoxyethyl acetate to provide a dispersion suitable for use in an electrochromic display as described herein. The material exhibited a contrast ratio of 2.4.
This example illustrates the high resistance of oxidized or reduced doped tin oxide particles according to this invention. ZELEC 35005XC ATO obtained from DuPont was determined to have a base ATO powder resistivity of 0.12 ohm-cm. The base ATO was treated with sodium borohydride, washed and dried to provide reduced ATO (having 0.58% sodium ions) having a powder resistivity of 404 ohm-cm. The base ATO was treated with ammonium persulfate to provide oxidized ATO having a powder resistivity of 5.5 ohm-cm. When the oxidized ATO is heated, the powder resistivity returns to a value close to 0.1 ohm-cm.
While specific embodiments have been described herein, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications thereof can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the following claims cover all such modifications within the full inventive concept.
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|16 Mar 1994
|Electrically-conductive barium sulfate filler and method for preparing same
|21 May 1994
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|Th. Goldschmidt AG
|Process for the preparation of finely divided electrically conductive stannic oxide
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|12 Mar 1987
|Duracell International Inc.
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|30 Mar 1992
|29 Oct 1992
|Martin Marietta Corporation
|Improved electrode for display devices
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|12 Nov 1992
|British Technology Group Ltd.
|Electrochromic device
|12 Apr 1993
|28 Oct 1993
|Sun Active Glass Electrochromics, Inc.
|Electrochromic structures and methods
|8 Apr 1993
|28 Oct 1993
|Compagnie Generale D'innovation Et De Developpement
|Electrochromic light modulation devices, in particular screens and displays
|19 Apr 1993
|11 Nov 1993
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Electrochromic device using mercaptans and organothiolate compounds
|21 Dec 1993
|7 Jul 1994
|Monsanto Company
|Electrochromic materials and displays
|1 Aug 1995
|29 Feb 1996
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Tin oxide based conductive powders and coatings
|Masumi, Response Improved Electrochromic Display Based on Organic Materials, Proc. of SID 23/4:245 248 (1982).
|Masumi, Response-Improved Electrochromic Display Based on Organic Materials, Proc. of SID 23/4:245-248 (1982).
|Nomura et al., Electrochemical and Electrochromic Properties of Polymer Complex Films Composed of Polytetramethyleneviologen and Poly p styrenesulfonic Acid Containing a Conductive Powder, J. Macromol. Sci. Chem . A26(2&3):593 608 (1989).
|Nomura et al., Electrochemical and Electrochromic Properties of Polymer Complex Films Composed of Polytetramethyleneviologen and Poly-[p-styrenesulfonic Acid] Containing a Conductive Powder, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem. A26(2&3):593-608 (1989).
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|31 Oct 2008
|19 Mar 2013
|Kyushu University, National University Corporation
|Method for producing electrode material for fuel cell, electrode material for fuel cell, and fuel cell using the electrode material for fuel cell
|31 Oct 2008
|16 Sep 2010
|Akihiro Masao
|Method for producing electrode material for fuel cell, electrode material for fuel cell,and fuel cell using the electrode material for fuel cell
|U.S. Classification
|359/273, 359/265
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|5 Jan 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|14 Jan 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|4 Jul 2008
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|26 Aug 2008
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20080704


text:
Northumberland Plate Live Streaming
Tominator heads the weights with 20 runners expected to line up for the Pitmans Derby, watch the Northumberland Plate live stream at 3.15pm Newcastle on Saturday June 29.
The Northumberland Plate live stream is available on WHTV, click here to read about the live streaming sports service from William Hill.
Johnjo O'Neill's six-year-old won the race two years ago and vies for favouritism with Ed Dunlop-trained Mubaraza, fourth in the Ascot Stakes last time out. Tominator has had one run this season, when third in the Chester Cup, and could face his Roodee conqueror Address Unknown which is also among the overnight declarations for the two-mile contest.
David Simcock's York winner Montaser carries a 5lb penalty for his come-back victory and is another figuring prominently in the Northumberland Plate betting.
Last year's winner Ile De Re, trained by Donald McCain, will find the ground a lot faster than the testing conditions 12 months ago despite the recent rain in the North East of England. Alan King's Ardlui, the William Haggas-trained Sun Central and Godolphin's Handsome Man are all preferred in the betting and head into the race in good form with recent placed runs.
John Quinn's Moidore has a good draw in stall ten and his run behind Well Sharp last time out looked better when the winner went on to victory at Royal Ascot.
Related link:
Open an account with William Hill and watch live streaming sports on your PC.

subset: commoncrawl


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With Facebook organic reach reducing, email has become the new cool kid in the class. Here are 11 sure-fire tips on making sure your email marketing works.
Sample tips on email marketing.
# 5 is every email must add value to the reader. Easier said than done.,
#6 No pictures. "Studies have shown that emails do way better without the images." and "Unless you'd rather have a corporation feel over open rates, I would remove the header and logos."
I'd like to see more stats on whether pictures work or not.
Learn how to add alt text to your images to increase clickthrough rates on email CTAs." Source: http://blog.hubspot.com/how-to-add-alt-text-to-email-images-ht
Find steps to follow, with screenshots.
"The point it, all that time you spent designing beautiful graphics for your email goes down the drain if images aren't enabled in a certain email client. But you can still get your message across -- and maybe even get more clicks on your calls-to-action (CTAs) -- if you add custom alt text to your emails."
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Licorice Ice Cream
Chris and I recently discovered the joy of licorice ice cream. Last weekend it tasted even better when we ate it while watching Woody Allen's 'Midnight In Paris' on the big screen at our local (empty) cinema. I think we'll do it again this weekend, not only to eat the ice cream but to revisit the dream of 1920's Paris!


text:
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text:
I've searched for similar issues but haven't really been able to find anything even though this seems like a firmware bug that somebody else should have encountered.
I've created a waypoint mission like this, with a land and takeoff sequence in the middle of the mission(used for deliveries etc..):
Once in auto mode everything starts out fine. But when times come for the quad to fly to waypoint 3 (item 6) after it has landed and taken off again - the navigation becomes unstable, with the quad doing bigger and bigger circles (extreme toilet bowling). If I flip it back in poshold I can usually bring it to land but it's still affected and want's to fly in circles.If I don't have a land and takeoff waypoint in the middle of my mission (remove item 4 and 5) - everything is fine, so it seems that something gets screwed up by having a land and takeoff sequence inside the mission.I'm not sure the arducopter software was intended to have in the middle land and takeoff again, but shouldn't it be possible.I'm using an APM 2.8 with external GPS and compass and the versoin 3.2.1 arducopter software, and all other waypoint missions work perfectly. Could it be that while the copter is on the ground during item 4 and 5, the inertial system becomes unstable because of the copter standing on the ground with motors spinning?
Can you post a log file from the mission.
I can't say much from your description other than agree with what you have observed.Toilet bowling is usually a clear indicator of a compass problem.
Would be able to tell more, I hope, from your FC log files.
Hi Mike
Thank you so much for your reply - I've uploaded two logs - they probably show the same thing as they are from 2 executions of the same mission. If you look at the barometer alt, you'll see that approximately halfway through the mission, the copter lands, then takes off again - it's after this that things go south. The takeoff itself seemed fine but once the copter starts to fly towards the next waypoint - it starts to become increasingly unstable.On both occasions I had to resume control and was able to get it down, not pretty, but in one piece.
2017-07-14 08-01-36.bin (462 KB)2017-07-14 07-55-49.bin (495.5 KB)
You ran out of power.You had a Battery Failsafe early in the flight but kept flying.What you observed is what happens when your motors no longer have the power to fly.
Hi Mike - thank you very much for taking the time!Thats a nice way of plotting key metrics from the log - what tool is that?
Your conclusion seems logical however - I ran a new test today with a fully charged battery and the issue happened almost right away after starting a very minimalistic mission - it didn't even get to land before it happened.I was again able to regain control and I learned that if i tried gentle corrects to get the quad back to my landing zone, the quad would kind of fight me, and continue the big bowling motion - but if I did some very harsh corrections (hard left, hard right, hard foreward and hard backward) the quad would eventually come back to it's good old self. I then had it hovering gently for almost 7 minutes without any problems and with juice left on the battery.
When I tried to recover the logfile, something went wrong (got a corrupted message) - in essence, I couldn't recover the file....
I'll try again tomorrow. I'm suspecting a brownout maybe? Will try a different power module for the APM.
Thanks again


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Manchester City vs Liverpool was deemed fit for royalty after the former Spanish King visited the Premier League clash.
Juan Carlos I was spotted sitting with City chairman Khaldoon Al Mubarak at the Etihad Stadium.
Mubarak is well know to royalty as he is one of the Emerati royals' most trusted advisors - and has been entrusted to look after City for Sheikh Mansour.
Juan Carlos abdicated the throne in 2014 to allow his son Alfonso a shot at leading the country.
During his reign Spain won the World Cup and European Championships.
His son Felipe is renowned for being an Atletico Madrid fan - and often goes to watch his boyhood team.
Juan Carlos meet with the Atletico players in 2012 as they visited the Zarzuela Palace.
The pair saw James Milner hand the Reds a second half lead from the spot against his former club.
But Sergio Aguero netted in the second half to rescue the point in a fiery clash.


text:
The Classic Retirement Syndrome
I recently heard this story again and it made me laugh, not just because it's funny, but because I have experienced this more times than I can count. You don't have to be old and gray to experience this – and I'm sure many of you have :)
* * * * *
Recently, I was diagnosed with A. A. A. D. D. – Age Activated Attention Deficit Disorder. This is how it manifests itself:
I decide to water my garden.
As I turn on the hose in the driveway, I look over at my car and decide my car needs washing.
As I start toward the garage, I notice that there is mail on the porch table that I brought up from the mail box earlier.
I decide to go through the mail before I wash the car.
I lay my car keys down on the table, put the junk mail in the rubbish bin under the table, and notice that the bin is full.
So, I decide to put the bills back on the table and take out the rubbish first.
But then I think, since I'm going to be near the mailbox when I take out the garbage anyway, I may as well pay the bills first.
I take my checkbook off the table, and see that there is only one check left. My extra checks are in my desk in the study, so I go inside the house to my desk where I find the can of coke that I had been drinking.
I'm going to look for my checks, but first I need to push the coke aside so that I don't accidentally knock it over. I see that the coke is getting warm, and I decide I should put it in the refrigerator to keep it cold.
As I head toward the kitchen with the coke, a vase of flowers on the counter catches my eye: they need to be watered.
I place the coke down on the work surface, and I discover my reading glasses that I've been searching for all morning.
I decide I better put them back on my desk, but first I'm going to water the flowers.
I set the glasses back down on the work top, fill a container with water and suddenly I spot the TV remote. Someone has left it on the kitchen table.
I realize that tonight when we go to watch TV, I will be looking for the remote, but I won't remember that it's on the kitchen table, so I decide to put it back in the lounge where it belongs, but first I'll water the flowers.
I pour some water in the flowers, but quite a bit of it spills on the floor. So, I set the remote back down on the table, get some towels and wipe up the spill.
Then, I head down the hall trying to remember what I was planning to do.
At the end of the day:
1. The car isn't washed
2. The bills aren't paid
3. There is a warm can of coke sitting on the work surface
4. The flowers don't have enough water
5. There is still only one check in my checkbook
6. I can't find the remote
7. I can't find my glasses and I don't remember what I did with the car keys.
Then, when I try to figure out why nothing got done today, I'm really baffled because I know I was busy all day long, and I'm really tired. I realize this is a serious problem, and I'll try to get some help for it, but first I'll check my e-mail.
p.s. I just remembered, I left the water running…
* * * * *
How many times have you said you're gonna do something important, and it always seems that "something" always comes up? Well, I guess what I'm saying is you should focus on whatever you want to do and do it first, and anything else that doesn't directly help in achieving that goal should be either set aside for later or left at the wayside.
How's that for inspirational words from a cynic?
By the way, I first found this story on the Internet in 2009 but I only got to post it here today… guess why…
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this was funny! :) yes i think we have all had days like this…
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"Children won't listen to your advice – they will follow your example."
I've heard this before and when I hear this, I feel like it perfectly applies to my healthy lifestyle that I try to follow most days.
But what about when it comes to what I say?
The words that come out of my mouth can be uplifting or destructive.
And lately, I'm embarrassed to admit which one they have been.
One of my small groups is currently discussing the book of James and this past week we talked about taming our tongues.
James 3:9-12 "With the tongue we praise our Lord and Father, and with it we curse human beings, who have been made in God's likeness. Out of the same mouth come praise and cursing. My brothers and sisters, this should not be. Can both fresh water and salt water flow from the same spring? My brothers and sisters, can a fig tree bear olives, or a grapevine bear figs? Neither can a salt spring produce fresh water."
The phrases out of my mouth lately have started with:
Those just shout "encouragement", don't they?
My little three year old picks up on every single thing I do and say. So it should come as no surprise that this is what has come out of HER mouth this week:
"Mom – I heard you the first time. You don't have to say it 8 times"
"Emerson, it's hard being a one year old sometimes, isn't it?!"
"You just worry about yourself and I'll worry about myself."
"We're doing Emerson and Ainsley stuff over here while you have your quiet time. You didn't have enough quiet time yet so you need some more."
Sometimes when toddlers talk, it's hilarious. Sometimes, it's eye-opening.
They are brutally honest. They have no filter. They say what they think and they truly believe what they say. So while I laughed about some of the things she said above, some of them made me want to cry.
I started to shut down and realize exactly where she picked up those phrases.
The tone she uses, the phrases she says, the thoughts she has – they're coming from me.
I have to be on my guard every single day. Every single hour. Every single word out of my mouth needs to be guarded.
I can't sing worship songs in the car with her one minute and then snap and shout at her the next.
How can I expect her to say her prayers in bed at night and ask God to help her make better choices when I am not willing to change myself?
We cannot both praise the Father with our words and then turn around and scream and shout at our children.
When I want her to follow my example, it needs to be in everything I do.
The outward flow from my mouth is a reflection of the condition of my heart and right now it has not been pretty. It's not a beautiful, perfect, red shaped pretty heart. It is blackened, cracked and fragmented. I'm not giving God, Brad or my children my best thoughts and words.
It's not something that I can easily change overnight and it is something that I will never be perfect with, but it is something I can pray about. I can ask for help and patience (eek) and support through this situation.
You see, our children will learn from someone. Yes, we all have innate behaviors that we are born with. Disobedience is already being displayed hourly in our 18-month old. But so much of what we do is learned behavior as well.
So if I want them to be positive women that care for others, I have to show that too.
If I want them to eat vegetables, I have to eat them too. I can't expect them to chow down on greens if all I ever eat are brownies or ice cream.
If I desire for them to have a healthy outlook when it comes to their body image, I have to model that for them, too. If all my girls see is me yelling at the scale or throwing everything around in my closet because nothing fits, they will follow suit.
If I want them to use their words to praise and encourage others, I need to do the same.
If my girls will become women who share Christ's love with others and care for the orphans and widows of this world, I need to walk the walk AND talk the talk. It can't just be one or the other.
The phrases I want to continue to hear from Ainsley include:
"Look at those BEAUTIFUL pink trees!"
"Mommy, I love you!"
"I like your ______" (fill in the blank with necklace, earrings, shirt, shoes, dress, etc – this girl is good at dishing out the compliments!)
"This food is DE-LISH-OUS. Thank you for making it, Mommy!"
It's not all bad – don't get me wrong. But there is plenty of work for me to do while their little eyes are watching and their little ears are listening. So I will continue to focus on praising the good and disciplining the bad choices with a HAPPY heart.
One of our mentors said they always told their children they wanted them to be obedient – not compliant. They used the phrase to listen and obey "right away, ALL the way, and with a happy heart". I've been using it with Ainsley for a few weeks now and I'm surprised she hasn't snapped back at me that I need to have a happy heart too. It's time, though, and I am ready to start applying this truth to my life as well!
If you don't intentionally pour into your children and set an example, someone else will, and it may not be an example you wish for them to follow.
What do you find yourself doing to tame your tongue in front of your children?


text:
Pet commentary: Your pet may be in pain
Animals suffer from pain, just like we do. Some forms of pain are obvious such as surgical pain or an acute injury. Because most of us have had surgery at some time in our lives (or know someone who has), we have an idea of the pain animals must feel after having an operation. The same holds true for an acute injury such as falling down the stairs or having an ear infection. Unfortunately, the majority of pain in animals is chronic and harder for most pet owners to detect. Arthritis is often misinterpreted as the pet "getting old" or "slowing down". It is important to remember that age is not a disease, but pain is! Cancer and dental disease are chronic pains from which animals suffer in silence.
A common misconception is that animals will whine or cry out when they are in pain. In fact, it is very uncommon for this to occur. Signs of pain in dogs can vary between dog breeds and individual dogs. The majority have one or more of the following signs: decreased interaction with owners, decreased activity or appetite, reluctance to move, growling, guarding, aggression towards people or other pets, or even chewing or licking themselves where it hurts. For example, a dog may not want to be pet around the head if its ears or mouth hurt. An older dog with arthritis may growl or snap at kids or other dogs, trying to protect itself from being hurt.
Cats are very good at hiding when they don't feel well. This is because in the wild, if they show they are sick, they can quickly go from predator to prey. It is rare that a cat with chronic pain will cry out. Instead, it may stop grooming and have matted fur, be stiff, lose weight, hide, be less active, eat less, or groom excessively at an affected area. A cat who "doesn't like to be pet there" is usually painful at that location.
Dental pain is rarely obvious to most pet owners. The assumption by many is if the animal is eating there is no mouth pain. Since the alternative is to stop eating altogether and starve to death, even pets with very painful teeth will still eat. They just may not eat as much, may lose weight and may not chew their food well. They may chew only on one side of their mouth.
A thorough annual wellness exam by your veterinarian will help to determine if your pet is in pain. If you suspect your pet is painful, call your veterinarian right away. There are many options available to treat pain in our pets: prescription medications, physical rehabilitation, acupuncture, laser therapy and therapeutic massage. Remember do not ever give human pain relievers to your pet: the majority of them are toxic to our pets. Even a little bit of certain human pain medications can cause kidney failure and death in our pets.
It is our moral responsibility as pet owners to provide for all aspects of our pets' needs. They give us unconditional love and depend on us for their care and comfort. Besides giving them food, love, and shelter we must realize that they may get sick and will definitely get old. Along the way there are times they will be in pain, for which there is help. For more information about pain control and how to tell if your pet is in pain, talk to your veterinarian and go to www.ivapm.org, the website of the International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management.
— M. Kathleen Shaw, DVM, writes on behalf of the Vermont Veterinary Medical Association. The Vermont Veterinary Medical Association (VVMA) is a professional organization of 350 veterinarians dedicated to compassionate animal care and quality medicine. For more information, visit www.vtvets.org or call 802-878-6888.
If you'd like to leave a comment (or a tip or a question) about this story with the editors, please email us. We also welcome letters to the editor for publication; you can do that by filling out our letters form and submitting it to the newsroom.


text:
Colin W.
Santa Cruz, CA, 95060
Joined on April, 2011
Gender: Male
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EducationPhD in quantum theory from the C.N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics.
BS degrees in Applied Mathematics and Engineering Physics from University of Colorado, Boulder (Magna Cum Laude).
ExperienceI have ten years of tutoring experience as college and high-school level tutor, including three years work as a highly-rated teaching assistant in mathematics and physics (In my last year teaching, I was the top-rated TA in the university). I also have four years of specialized training from the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science about how to help nonscientists understand technical subjects.
I speak English as my native language and have very good communication skills. I believe that when you're hiring a tutor you need someone who can EXPLAIN the problems to you, not just someone who can do the problems themselves.
I believe in concept-first education. You shouldn't have to memorize any more information than necessary. I'll help you understand WHY the equations and formulas apply so that when it comes time for you to do it on your own, it seems natural and instinctive.
Group discounts available for multiple students studying for the same class at the same time.
HobbiesI love movies, playing tennis, and listening to the Beatles. I'm a diehard Denver Broncos fan but won't hold it against you if you cheer for the 49ers (but the Raiders are a different story).
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Inquire about this tutor
The tutor will respond if they are available/interested.


text:
Love the quilt and the story behind it. Thanks for sharing.
Welcome to the Quilting Board!
Love the quilt and the story behind it. Thanks for sharing.
Amazing quilt and story..............
I bet that that quilt was indeed there for the little fella as it was for his other brothers...treasures like that seem to hang around forever...thanks for sharing..
Love the quilt and the story. Thank you for sharing.
That is wonderful. Its great seeing the quilts we make getting used...and even better, pasted on. I make quilts for all my friends babies and it just puts a smile on my face seeing them using them. Your quilt is wonderful and I love how bright it is. I bet all the kids had lots of enjoyment out of that quilt. Thank you for sharing!!!
enjoy your life...it's the only one you have!!!
Agree. Wonderful quilt with a wonderful story!
Sometimes you just have to sit in a chair and jog in order to get anywhere.
Spontaneous creativity is such a wonderful gift. Thanks for sharing yours with us. The quilt is beautiful and the story of your inspiration and the quilt's journey through 3 maybe 4 little boys has put a smile on my face. I'm the mother of 4 boys (men now) and know that must be one strong quilt :>)
Your quilt turned out very beautiful! Your talent is showcased. The colors rock! Anyone looking at your quilt gets enthusiastic about it. Congratulations!
The quilt is just lovely, and your story made it all the lovelier. Thanks sew much for sharing!
Beautiful quilt! Thanks for sharing the story!


text:
My Goal for Motherhood …
In one word? Survival.
I don't have a long list of my goals. Upon reflection, last time, I had a long mental list of things I'd do with Arjun – take him for walks, take him to baby groups, go to the park. All of which seemed so simple but didn't really materialise in to a routine. Why? Because what I didn't envisage was how low I would feel post birth. Setting myself the perfect little list of things to do ended up being my enemy in a way as it gave me something to focus on what I HADN'T been able to achieve. I didn't realise that the root of everything I do as a mother stems from my mental well being. So this time, I don't have a long list, my sole goal is "S U R V I V A L", anything else is a bonus.
There are so many (what seem to me) petty debates … breast vs bottle … pacifier vs no pacifier … co sleeping vs cot … the list is endless. Do those things really matter to me as much anymore? As bad as it may sound, no.
If becoming a mother has taught me anything, it's to want to give the best to my children. What does "giving the best to my children" actually mean? While to many, breast feeding, not giving a pacifier and not co-sleeping may be the best for their child; for me, giving the best to my child is giving them the best version of me. Giving them the best version of me means me taking care of my mental health. Me taking care of my mental health sometimes means turning to what works best for us and perhaps not the majority – what some may coin "the easy route".
Dealing with an incredibly strong willed and emotional toddler is definitely taking its toll on me even with all the extra helping hands I have at my parents house. I'm hyper aware that once we move back home and I'm predominantly alone with two kids, I'll definitely have to pick my battles and ensure I do what's right for us as a family as oppose to what society thinks I should do. I've been warned that the jump from one to two is unimaginable and that it IS going to be tough. Can I really comprehend it? No. Can I try and prepare for it? I can try. How am I trying? By reminding myself that my sole goal is "survival".
Am I going to try breast feeding? Yes. Am I going to beat myself up over it if I struggle and it means excessive sleepless nights? No. Does that make me a bad, selfish, useless mum? No. it makes me a strong one. Because to not give in to the pressures of society to make sure I'M ok so I can be ok for my kids, is bloody hard – "fed was best" in our case with Arjun. I recognised how the lack of sleep where I spent whole nights trying to breast feed was contributing to my downward mental spiral – I really struggled. I wish I'd been able to breastfeed, but I couldn't for longer than a few weeks. Arjun is a happy healthy boy and with Preetam's support, I managed to slowly come out of the dark space I was in. Last time was about trying to do the right thing by a text book, this time it'll be about doing the right thing by my family.
Having suffered with Post Natal Depression when I had Arjun, I became so hyper aware of how little sleep contributed to my mood and mental wellbeing. I just want to make the most of my children and create happy memories whether they jump in to our bed, whether we feed them with a bottle or breast or whether they need a dummy here and there.
I felt that with Arjun, the newborn days were spent crying, feeling low, feeling confused due to often trying to please society, not understanding that actually I was the most important person in that equation for our family – a strong mummy. I don't want to spend the newborn days of this child in the same way. I want to have learnt from my first experience. I would be a failure if I didn't learn from my experience with Arjun.
My sole goal is survival.
Of course I have no idea how things are going to pan out. I'm terrified of how I'll be this time having been through it once but my experience has made me wiser. I've even struggled with my pregnancy. My experience has made me selfish to the world in that I'll be doing what's best for my children, my family and me. My sole goal is survival.
Please don't judge me.
We're all on our own journey, trying to do our best – OUR best for OUR situation and OUR families.
Love, support and uplift x
P.s. any tips on how on earth to cope would be most welcome!
4 CommentsAdd yours
A strong post. I was lucky in that I didn't suffer frompost-natal depression but I could quite easily have been there. Our daughter never slept and some days I really didn't know what to do other than sit with her. She only stopped crying some days by being held (by me). I walked. Every single day I put her in the pram and went outside. It made me do my hair and put on some make-up and most importantly it kept me sane. We got tuts for co-sleeping and picking her up all the time but it worked for us. It did bother me what everybody thought but my little girl was healthy and happy so I carried on. Enjoy x
Great post Harps. Your exactly right to do what's right for you and your family and its never going to the same as what might be right for someone else.
Having a second is more work no doubt and I found the first few weeks very unsettling, even though Asees was a long time coming for us, initially it felt like everything was disrupted, for so long it is as just the 3 of us and Ajeet was now much more independent. But now I can't think back to the when she wasnt a part of our family and she's the biggest blessing for us.
I have to say I didn't do as much with her in terms of baby clubs because like you I was just trying to get by, being predominantly on my own all day and fitting in school runs and meal times and cooking and cleaning meant I had little time and energy for it and even now we do once a week at hartbeeps and its enough. You also have to remember that baby with have big brother for interaction so you don't need to venture out too much 😉
Will look forward to reading about your journey x
First time mum here, little one was born on 3rd December and within this short space of time I feel like everything has happened and equally not much has happened..
My thoughts on:
1) Breastfeeding
I didn't think about it enough before I gave birth. I thought it was a given that I had to do it. Almost 4 weeks in and I realised I don't know why I actually breastfeed and although I'm glad I did try and continue to do so, I am welcoming formula feeds and the bottle. I'm no good to anyone if I'm mentally drained so for now one feed a day will be given by my husband whether it's expressed milk or formula.
I'd recommend the MAM self-sterilising bottles. I've read if you give them a call they're usually willing to send you a sample bottle. (I think they're really good!)
2) co-sleeping
*insert swear word* what people think. Do what works best for your family. I have a Chico 'next to me crib' which came with a mattress. It's too big for our little one but i also have this 'Purflow breathable nest' which I bought with my Boots points. It's cheaper than a sleepyhead and as I wasn't sure about these cushion things I went for the Purflow. It's hands down one of the best things I bought. Little one sleeps in the nest in the crib right next to our bed. I also put a cellular blanket under the fitted sheets of the crib to make it slightly softer as the mattress seemed extra firm.
Have people around you who will keep you happy for the first few weeks.
Please say no to guests who self invite. I've found it really hard to say no but I need to.
If you need to cry, cry. Better out than in.. easier said than done but don't hold on to feelings.
I don't know what I've been doing these last few weeks but the above are things I've experienced in this short frame of time.


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BOSTON (CBS) — The largest provider of domain names in the country is buying a Boston company that specializes in the domain name aftermarket.
Go Daddy of Arizona is acquiring Afternic of Waltham for an undisclosed price.
Afternic specializes in buying and selling domain names.
Go Daddy CEO Blake Irving spoke with WBZ's New England Business Editor Anthony Silva.


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The topics covered are the coffee shop, describing the taste of food, and talking about past experiences. Writing practice covers the kanji: 円.
© 2018 PBS & WGBH Educational Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Thank you for your generosity! Your contributions are vital to support and sustain Tabeetha's legacy. We will be introducing a secure online donations facility soon, but in the meantime you can donate by cheque.
Please write your cheque to 'Tabeetha School Jaffa' and send it to:
Tabeetha School
PO Box 8170
21 Jeffet Street
61081 Israel
Thank you for your support!


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St Pete Beach Charters
St Pete Beach Charters
, FL 33711, United States - Show map
Always wanted to feel the thrill of stalking a Redfish or hooking a Cobia on light tackle? With trips ranging from two hours to a full day, St Pete Beach Charters will cater for your needs and more in the Tampa Bay and the nearshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
You will be fishing aboard Captain Kenny's new 23 ft Hanson center console boat that was built in 2016 specifically for the waters around Tampa Bay. Powered by a 200 HP Suzuki motor, the boat can carry up to six anglers to the fishing grounds fast and efficiently, and it is equipped with a trolling motor and anchoring system to get the most out of the area's abundant fishing opportunities. With a great sound system on board and a very clean and well maintained interior, this boat will please all the members of your group. Its magnificent tower completes the picture, giving the captain superior visibility when sight fishing for Cobia and other species.
Depending on your preferences and the conditions during your trip, you could spend your St Pete Beach fishing adventure fishing for Redfish, Trout, Snook and Tarpon with conventional and spinning light tackle, or venturing further out in search of Cobia, King Mackerel, Jack Crevalle, Sheepshead, and Groupers in the nearshore Gulf waters. The captain will always make sure that you are equipped with the best lures and bait for the time of day and species targeted, so all you have to think about is reeling in the fish.
Anglers of all experience levels are welcomed on board, and children are especially encouraged to come fishing with Captain Kenny.
Always wanted to feel the thrill of stalking a Redfish or hooking a Cobia on light tackle? With trips ranging from two hours to a full day, St Pete Beach Charters will cater for your needs and more in the Tampa Bay and the nearshore waters of the Gul
Most Popular Features:
Fishing License Included
Live Bait
Pickup Included
You Keep Catch
Catch cleaning & filleting
Child Friendly
Ice Box
Rods, reels & tackle
Select date to see available trips and rates:
About this listing
Hanson (Center console) originally built in 2016. Powered by a 200HP Suzuki engine, with a maximum cruising speed of 45 knots.
10% deposit charged upfront by FishingBooker to guarantee your reservation. The remaining balance is to be paid directly to the charter operator on or prior to your trip date in one of the following payment methods: Cash, Visa, Mastercard, Checks, PayPal.
About the Captain
Member since May 2016
Top Fishing Charters
5125 pro captains at your fingertips
Fast & Easy Booking
Book online to lock in your dates
Instant Confirmation
Look for the Instant Book symbol


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Summer Camp Registration
12:00 am - 11:59 pm
Location: Phone, mail or in person at the Virginia Aquarium
Cost: Payment due at time of registration
Contact: Youth Programs Registrar
Phone: (757) 385-0278
Summer Camp registration opens to members and non-members. Camps are available for children 6 – 15. Learn more about the camps and download the camp registration form.
Under the Sea 3D
10:15 - 11:00 am, 12:25 - 1:10 pm, 2:40 - 3:20 pm
Location: National Geographic 3D Theater
Cost: Adult $9, Child (3-11) $8; Senior (62+) $8.50UNDER THE SEA 3D will offer a uniquely inspirational and entertaining way to explore the impact that global climate change has had on ocean wilderness. This new IMAX 3D adventure will transport moviegoers to some of the most exotic and isolated under sea locations on earth.
World Oceans Day 2014
11:00 am - 3:00 pm
Location: Bay & Ocean Pavilion
Cost: Included with admission
Contact: Virginia Aquarium
Phone: 757-385-0300Story times and activity carts help guests learn about the marine environment and a "fishy fun" scavenger hunt leads guests through the Aquarium. Meet divers in the Chesapeake Bay Aquarium and participate in other fun activities.
Great White Shark
11:20 am - 12:00 pm, 1:25 - 2:05 pm, 3:40 - 4:20 pm
Location: National Geographic 3D Theater
Cost: Members - $5.00; Non-Members: Adults - $9.00, Children ages 3-11 - $8.00, Seniors - $8.50
Contact: Virginia Aquarium
Phone: (757) 385-0300
Misrepresented, maligned and misunderstood, the Great White Shark is an iconic predator: the creature we love to fear… GWS will explore the Great White's place in our imaginations, in our fears, and in the reality of its role at the top of the oceanic food chain.
Above & Beyond Behind-The-Scenes
12:30 - 1:15 pm
Location: Virginia Aquarium
Cost: $15 members, $20 non-members - Reservations required
Contact: Virginia Aquarium
Phone: 757-385-0300Tour through the inner workings of the Virginia Aquarium and find out what it takes to keep the animals healthy and their habitats clean. Learn about the careers that make an Aquarium work, from animal care to engineering. Reservations must be booked before noon of the day of your visit. Book online or call 757-385-0300. Minimum height is 48."
Washed Ashore
2:00 - 4:00 pm
Location: IMAX Theater
Cost: Free to the public
Contact: Virginia Aquarium
Phone: 757-385-0300Angela Haseltine Pozzi will speak about her work. She has been an exhibiting artist and educator for more than 30 years and now chooses to use art as a powerful tool to encourage community and environmental action about her true passion…cleaning up the world's oceans. The Washed Ashore Project is a non-profit, community-based organization with a mission of educating and creating awareness about marine debris and plastic pollution through art.


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Hi Associate,
We have an Urgent opening .Please see the Job Description Below and let me know if you have any consultant available. *Role: **Data warehouse/ Informatica Developer* *Location: NYC, NY* *Duration: 6+ months* *Need local who can come for F2F· * Candidate should be comfortable in DB, Data warehouse concepts · Informatica, Oracle/DB2 · Unix shell scripting, Perl · Any job scheduler tool · Must have minimum experience of 4 yrs and good in communication. *Wasim AhmedUnited Software Group Inc.. 565 Metro Place South. Suite # 110 Dublin, OH 43017 Phone: 614-495-9222 ext 494Fax: 1-866-764-1148 **wasimah...@usgrpinc.com <wasimah...@usgrpinc.com>* *www.usgrpinc.com* <http://www.usgrpinc.com/> -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Resumes" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to resumes+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to email@example.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/resumes. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.


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Julie's Easy Meal Plans ~ Simple every day meals for the busy family! Simple, Easy & Delicious Recipes!
Be sure to subscribe to my newsletter HERE so you never miss a new recipe!
You guys. I've been DRAGGING this week. I feel like a busy hit me. I'm not sick or anything but man oh man. I could sleep for DAYYYSSSS not lying.
Anyone else feeling like that? Maybe it's a post holiday winter slump with nothing to look forward too. Maybe I should book a tropical vacation and remedy that situation! I bet that it's. The perfect solution don't you think?
Or I could eat all things Lemon and Grilled right? Then I could pretend it was in the negative degree range.
I wish I could hibernate in the winter but since I can't and I have to make meals let's get our meal plan on for this week!
Balsamic Chicken ~ Chicken Tenders Seasoned and then Drizzled with a Tangy Balsamic Glaze!
Lemon Roasted Asparagus ~ Fresh Asparagus Roasted in the Oven with a Lemon Drizzle and Parmesan!
Chicken Wild Rice Casserole ~ Quick and Easy Weeknight Meal! Comfort food at it's best!
Crock Pot Bacon Green Beans ~ Quick and Easy Slow Cooked Side Dish Perfect for the Holidays!
Bacon Cheeseburger Bundles ~ Rhodes Dinner Rolls stuffed full of cheese, hamburger and bacon!
Creamed Peas Recipe comes together quickly and so easily — the perfect side dish!
Crock Pot Beef Stew ~ Throw it in the Crock Pot and come home to a home cooked meal!
Cajun Broiled Shrimp Recipe ~ Quick, Easy Broiled Shrimp Perfect for a Light & Healthy Weeknight Dinner, Fancy Enough for Date Night and Delicious Enough for a Party Appetizer!
BLT Caesar Pasta Salad ~ Loaded with Romaine, Pasta, Bacon and Tomatoes! Best of Pasta and Lettuce Salads Coming Together!
White Chocolate Macadamia Nut Energy Balls ~ Delicious Recipe for Energy Bites Loaded with White Chocolate Chips, Macadamia Nuts, Coconut, Oats, Flaxseed and Chia Seeds!
Bruschetta Meatloaf Cups ~ Meatloaf loaded with Stuffing Mix, Diced Tomatoes, Cheese & Garlic!
Linguine Casserole ~ Stuffed with Ham, Swiss Cheese and Linguine! The ultimate comfort food!
Apple Oat Muffins Recipe ~ Light and tender muffins filled with apples, cinnamon and oatmeal and topped with a walnut-oat streusel! The Perfect Easy, Grab and Go Breakfast for When You Are On the Go!
Spinach and Cheese Stuffed Shells ~ Creamy, Cheesy and such a quick family dinner!
Speedy Southwestern Salad ~ Quick and easy salad with a southwestern twist!


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Over 200 young Jewish professionals gathered at Ricochet Bar & Lounge in Midtown Miami this July for a one-of-a-kind mix and mingle to support the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces.Guests enjoyed free cocktails with their donation to the FIDF as well as an art exhibit by Dream Pop Portraits and music by DJ Danny Stern.
The happy hour-style gathering was just one of the smaller events leading up to the FIDF Young Leadership Division's 8th Annual Poker & Casino Night, which will take place on Saturday, September 8th, 2012 at the Trump International Beach Resort in Sunny Isles.
Copyright © 2014 Friends of the Israel Defense Forcesp: (212) 244-3118 | f: (212) 244-3119 | email@example.com Address: PO Box 4224 NY, NY 10163 USA


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It was the day after the Superbowl in 2003. My pregnant wife, two sons and I were walking out of the Logan's Roadhouse in Manassas, Virginia. As I opened the car door, my cellphone rang. While settling down into the driver's seat, I flipped the phone open to answer.
Although we lived twenty minutes away, it was a very long drive home. A few times, my wife asked whether we needed to pull over so she could drive. My focus was overcome by sadness, fear and anger. A part of me had just been ripped away.
The person on the other end of the phone had informed me that I was being furloughed on April 1. It was a very cold conversation… the woman with the unpleasant task simply read from a script. When I hung up, reality sank in. I knew the furlough was coming, but I thought I was safe until June. I was wrong. The after effects of 9/11 had reached my seniority number.
With the airline in bankruptcy and at risk of liquidation, I didn't know if I'd ever be recalled. When I was hired years earlier, the airline was strong and the pilots had a "no furlough" clause in their contract. Until 9/11, I had no reason to think I'd ever be furloughed.
I learned three lessons from that first furlough:
- Things always work out.
- A furlough can be a blessing that allows a person to meet new people and have experiences that never would have happened if life continued on the original path.
- Flying planes is what I do for work… not who I am. I mentioned that I felt as if part of me was ripped away. Once I recovered from that emotional blow, I realized that attaching any part of my identity to my work was absurd. If you look inside what makes me tick, you will see a child of God, father, husband, son, brother and friend. Flying jets is just a great way to earn a living. When it goes astray, I'm still 100% me.
If you've been reading along, you already know the rest of the story.
For the next six months, I worked as an aviation consultant in Virginia. Then, I flew corporate jets for a fractional company before returning to the legacy carrier in 2007.
In 2009, after management decided to park one hundred airplanes, I was furloughed for the second time. After ten months of unemployment, I secured a flying job with an exciting, innovative airline on the west coast.
Just before I started the job in 2010, I wrote my first blog post. I wanted to document my new-hire training and life as a first year employee with an airline. Later, the blog evolved into a platform for me to share stories and insights from the road.
A few years ago, my old and new lives started to clash. The old company announced a merger that would make it a mega-force in the airline industry. I was sent an offer to work for the merger partner as a new-hire until the nuptials were complete. The pay was very comparable to what I was earning, so I decided stay firmly planted at my new airline.
I wanted to watch the merger from the sidelines.
Then, a joint contract was penned and suddenly the compensation looked a lot more appealing. Still, I wasn't ready to leave with the combined seniority list still a mystery.
Last fall, the arbitrators released the ruling that integrated the seniority lists of the two airlines. If I returned, I knew where I would sit on the list. (I will never publicly comment on the ruling. Everyone has an opinion and emotions tend to flare up when discussing it.)
Still, I wasn't ready to accept any job offers. With the holidays approaching, I knew I could bid a great schedule and spend some very quality time with my family. That's exactly what I did… and, we had a great Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Eve.
By mid-January, I realized I'd run out of excuses.
It was the day after the Superbowl in 2014. Since it was a "snow day," my wife, five kids and I had just finished lunch. This time, I picked up my smartphone and dialed an outgoing call.
I accepted a position to return to the legacy airline.
When I arrived in class on March 4, I shared the news on Twitter. Many were surprised and asked what led to my decision. As best as I can share on the blog, here are the reasons I returned to the legacy carrier:
- My previous airline stopped growing: When I was hired, I was projected to upgrade to captain in about two and a half years. Anyone who has been in this business knows not to trust any growth plan until the aircraft are on the property. However, I was counting on the expansion to meet my career expectations with that carrier. Last year, the aircraft deliveries came to a halt when the airline stopped growing in an attempt to stabilize. Rather than upgrading in two and a half years, my position as a very senior first officer became virtually permanent. Another jet isn't scheduled to be delivered until summer of 2015. Then, the growth will be slow. Even if I upgraded, I would have been stuck as a junior captain for a very long time. To be fair, slow growth plans should be viewed with as much skepticism as rapid ones. Plans could all change tomorrow. I used the latest available information to aid in my decision.
- Pay and retirement fell short: Even with recently announced enhancements, the pay, benefits and retirement funding fell way short to what was offered by the legacy carrier. I've got a mortgage to pay and kids that will need to attend college. Although I enjoyed my job and had a great schedule, I could only leave so much money on the table.
- Shorter commute: I love living in Nashville and was getting a little tired of commuting all the way to the west coast. Back in December, I gave myself a little health scare that fortunately turned out to be dehydration and exhaustion… all resulting from a crazy commute home. (Free advice… if you ever fly a red-eye trans-con, sleep terrible during the day, fly a trans-con back to the west coast that night, wait for a delayed red-eye commute flight home and sit for four hours in a 737 cockpit jumpseat… don't compound the situation by going without food and water for eight hours.) The legacy carrier has several bases within a few hour flight of my home. My first base with be Newark.
- Other: These reasons don't get published on a public blog. If you want more details, we'll have to sit down and chat.
I've been back on the property for three weeks. Honestly, it feels like I came home. My relationship with this legacy airline goes all the way back to an internship in 1995. Is it perfect? No. Am I drinking the Kool-Aid? No. I've been in the business long enough to see highlights and lowlights working for any airline. One must look at the big picture when deciding where (s)he will be the happiest.
Over the last fourteen and a half years, there have been great highs and some very deep lows. But, the merged company seems to be back on its feet and heading for some great times. I wanted to be part of it. Time will tell if I made the right decision. Nobody in aviation owns a crystal ball. Over the next few decades, my career could thrive or once again fall apart.
I've learned to take one day at a time.
Now, back to studying the 737.
If you share this with friends, I respectively ask you don't mention the names of either company in your tweets or Facebook posts. Everyone knows where I worked and where I currently landed. This blog isn't about individual companies, so please don't draw unwanted attention to them. This site is meant to document my individual, personal experiences as an airline pilot.


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I was wondering if any one has experience EXTREME water retention while on Cellept. I have been on Cellept for about 4 months now (500 mg twice a day but I can only remember to take it once, I know that's not good) & I am tapering my prednisone (Im down to 12.5) and my enzymes levels are pretty much normal even though I still feel ill a couple times a week (nauseous and headaches and skin tenderness) but I have more energy then I use to, so thank god for that. But I am still having a hard time losing weight and I retain ALOT of water to the point of serious discomfort. I don't know for sure if the cellept is the cause but I can't think of anything else. Has any one else experienced this?
Strength, Patience, & Confidence
Hi, Lilacluv! Have you mentioned the fluid retention to your prescribing physician? (By the way, the medication is spelled Cellcept.) Perhaps he will prescribe a diuretic.
Keep us posted!
Thanks for the spelling correction (i think i knew that.....lol ) I mentioned it to my general physician and he prescribed me a diuretic and they have helped, but we were unable to pin-point a cause. I was just wondering if anyone else had this problem.


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The 2017 Return to Sacred Atlantis in the Crystal Vortex of Sacred Arkansas. A Truly Extraordinary Lineup of Renowned Speakers, Authors, Healers & Spiritual Leaders in a 4-Day Epic Gathering, in the Exquisite Energy of the Most Powerful Crystalline Vortexial-Portal Sites on the Earth.
11 Day Tour of Megalithic Mexico, January 19-29th, 2018, visiting the Pyramids of Teotihuacan, the Colossal Olmec Heads, Mysterious Palenque and More!
June 15–17, 2018, in Pasadena, California, AlienCon 2018 brings together all those seeking the truth about extraterrestrial existence throughout history.
Ancient Aliens TV stars fly into Manchester for this soul shaking event to guide you through mankind's deepest mysteries and government secrets Join a host of stars and the world leading truth & disclosure figures such as David Childress, Mike Bara, Grant Cameron, Nick Pope & Paola Harris.
World Explorer Club Cruise - December 2018, Sail with David Hatcher Childress to Antarctica. Standby by for exact dates. We will fly to Buenos Aires, Argentina and then fly to Ushuaia, the southernmost city in the world. From there we will embark on the double-hulled exploration ship and spend five full days in Antarctica with lots of shore excursions. All meals and drinks are included in the package. Lots of special presentations will be given by me and others on this cruise.
Adventures Unlimited sponsors the World Explorers Club Ancient Mysteries Conference. This annual one day event is usually held twice a year, in one of two locations: Adventures Unlimited Bookstore, 1 Adventure Place Kempton IL, and at Adventure Unlimited Books, on 1020 N. Main Street Cottonwood, AZ.


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Published: Wednesday 22nd October 2014 by The News Editor
Eleven British casualties of the First World War who got a name and family history using DNA have been officially reburied with some of their descendants in attendance.
Today's solemn ceremony highlighted how current-day identification technology can make a difference for families who never knew what happened to their ancestors.
The soldiers were serving with the York and Lancaster Regiment and killed by the Germans in northern France 100 years ago this month.
Their remains, along with four others who were also reburied today, were found in a field there five years ago.
Walter Oxer was at the ceremony and said his father always had questions about the fate of his grandfather, Private Ernest Oxer.
Mr Oxer said that his father "always wondered where his father was and he knew nothing about it. He was just an unknown soldier", adding the belated discovery was "unbelievable".
Published: Wednesday 22nd October 2014 by The News Editor


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With three court decisions handed down in the past several months, it wouldn�t be surprising if some people were confused about whether they were, in fact, registered and eligible to vote.
Today, the final day to register to vote before the Nov. 8 general election, is your last chance to muddle through the confusion.
The Saline County Clerk�s Office, Room 215 of the City-County Building, will be open from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. today to accommodate Saline County residents who wish to register.
To see whether you are on the official registration rolls and eligible to vote, you may go online to the Secretary of State�s Website, bit.ly/2dqNckM, or call your local county clerk�s office. The Saline County Clerk�s Office may be reached at 309-5820.
State law requires proof of citizenship, such as a birth certificate, passport or naturalization papers, when registering for the first time in Kansas.
However, as a result of the three recent court rulings, Secretary of State Kris Kobach has agreed to fully register some people who otherwise would not be able to vote. People who registered at motor vehicle offices and those who register using a federal form instead of the state voter-registration form will be fully registered to vote in all federal, state and local elections on Nov. 8 without providing documents showing citizenship.
The easiest way to register for the upcoming election is to use the National Mail Voter Registration Form. Federal law requires county election offices to make the federal form available. If you use the federal form, you are required only to swear that you are a U.S. citizen eligible to vote.
You also may register using the state form, but you�re required to provide documentary proof of citizenship.
If you�ve registered using the state form and haven�t provided proof of citizenship, you must provide documentary proof within 90 days of the date the voter registration application was filed or prior to the day before the election. Another option is to file again by 9 p.m. today using the federal form.
Whatever form you choose to use, please register, and please go to the polls and cast your ballot on Election Day. Information about candidates and issues may be found online at salina.com/election.
The presidential election might not be the most awe-inspiring this year, but there are plenty of candidates worthy of your vote in state and county races, and every person�s voice should be heard.


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Simply Sunflower is North Sunflower Medical Center's Flower, Gift & Scrub Shoppe located in downtown Ruleville at 101 W. Floyce Avenue. Simply Sunflower carries Cherokee, Landau, Dickie & Urbane scrubs, along with women's clothing, jewelry, purses, bags, scarves, candles, gifts & more.
We can fulfill all your flower arrangement needs: birthdays, bridal showers, baby showers, weddings, large scale events & funerals. We deliver FREE within 20 miles of the store. Call us today, (662) 756-4438. Check us out on Facebook!


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American Airlines
Director & Senior Attorney - Labor Law - Dallas, TX
American Airlines Group Inc. is seeking a Labor Attorney to join the in-house legal team based in Dallas, Texas. As a Senior Attorney-Labor Law, you will work directly with Labor Relations, Human Resources, and management and will be responsible for providing counsel and legal advice on labor law matters that arise from the day-to-day operations of American Airlines, Inc.
Click the link above to read the full description at the employer's website. More jobs at EmplawyerNet.